Or CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CR6254 .Gee" Unlver *' ty Library olin 3 1924 029 817 636 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924029817636 AMERICAN MEMBERS OF FOREIGN ORDERS COMPILED BY JAMES HOWARD GORE AUTHOR OF LEGIONNAIRES-MEMBERS OF THE LEGION OF HONOR WASHINGTON 1910 enaas or w. r Roberts co.J^> WASHINUTUN. D. O IJINCE the earliest times, at least since the time when superiority was recognized, there has been some way of indicating acknowledged merit. The marking of achievements was a stimulus, even if the insignia were only an oak leaf or a wreath of laurel and its extrinsic value made it the object of endeavor. When the bestowal of prizes became the privilege of autocrat power, rewards for special service took the form of outward signs like the gold chain which Pharoah placed about the neck of Joseph. In Greece and Rome, rings, chains, belts and triumphal gifts conferred a distinction on personal merit, as distinguished from official rank and hereditary nobility. The sash has been employed for ages to indicate func- tions, rank or privilege. When physical prowess of the individual combatant prior to the use of gunpowder, gave way to the skill of the marksman and the strategy of a commander, military knighthood, whatever its origin may have been, dis- appeared but the people, having known the pleasure of distinctions, looked for some visible sign to take the place of the gold or silver spur, the ermine collar or silken sash so when chivalrous men had pious objects in view they claimed an outward mark to give evidence of inward motives. It is most probable that the earliest order of Knight- hood was that of St. John, later known as the Knights of Malta who in 1048 erected a hospital on the spot sanctified, according to tradition, by the "Last Supper." Their insignia, the Maltese Cross, due probably to the Lychnis chalcedonica of the botanists, a flower of Pales- tine, was the earliest chivalric decoration. It is for this reason that all forms and shapes of decorations are called "crosses." AMERICAN MEMBERS The history of chivalry is strangely silent upon the inception of grades in the Orders but it is easy to infer that as soon as persons from every walk in life might deserve recognition for worthy achievements, it would be necessary to reward further meritorious acts by pro- motion, rather than by the creation of new Orders. The Chevalier was originally as now the lowest grade. Superior to that the Officer was natural and higher still Commander. This was the natural limit, but to meet demands for promotion as well as to accom- modate the Sovereigns who were Grand Masters of the Orders of their realm, the Marshals' sash, the Grand Cordon, was employed and to it was given the term Grand Croix, usually styled Grand Cross — a break from the French nomenclature. In a few cases an additional grade has been injected between Commander and Grand Cross, styled Grand Officier. Even at the sacrifice of uni- formity, the term Chevalier, Officier and Commander are used throughout this work. It will be observed that in the case of some Orders, the grades are given as classes. The first class being the highest, and if there should be five classes in an Order, their equivalents would be in the sequence given above, — if four, they would be Grand Cross, Commander, Officier and Chevalier. The number of Orders now existing is not less than 215. This is subject to change by elimination, consolidation or creation of new Orders to com- memorate a notable event. It is impossible to give their relative rank, as that varies in different countries. However, there is one — the Order of Ali which has but a single member, the Shah of Persia. The Order of Moreto is conferred only upon the Presi- dent of the Academy of St. Luke, Rome, but on retiring from office he retains the Order as evidence of past service. Others are family Orders, to which only mem- bers of the reigning house are eligible, like the Holy Order of Siam, the Golden Lion of Hesse, etc. In many OF FOREIGX ORDERS Orders the number of Citizens is limited and in a very few, only a restricted number of foreigners can be honored. The Black Eagle of Prussia, the White Ele- phant of Siam, the Garter of England, St. Hubert of Bavaria, St. Alexander of Russia and a few others are for sovereigns or persons marked for special honor. A small number are reserved for persons of noble birth, while at least two, the Crown of Maximilien — Joseph of Bavaria and the Papal Order of Pius IX, confer a noble rank and title. About thirty Orders are reserved for military service; a hundred are for both civilians and soldiers, — of which a few have special insignias for the latter class ; the Merite civil of Prussia with a single class is for distinguished service to science, likewise St. James of Portugal, and Vasa of Sweden. A score of Orders are for women only, like the Louise of Prussia, Marie Louise of Spain and the Chefakat of Turkey, while the Legion of Honor of France is the most noteworthy of those conferred upon both men and women. In many countries an annual grant is bestowed with the decoration, the amount increasing with the grade and on the death of a member of the Order, there is a military escort at the funeral. For these reasons, amongst others, a native is less easily rewarded for services than is a foreigner, so that it is not gracious for an American Commander to cast deploring glances at the native wearer of the simple knot of ribbon. It is also true that a citizen of a country can receive in the first instance only the lowest grade and that subsequent promotions can follow only after the lapse of a certain number of years. Thus it might happen that a Chevalier is called to the Ministry and to avoid being outranked by a subordinate, he is given for the time being the Grand Cross which he surrenders when he vacates his high office. To ridicule decorations is a weak kind of homage to democratic institutions and a gratuitous reflection upon a custom that had its origin and growth under monarchial AMERICAN MEMBERS forms of government. It is especially inconsistent in this country where societies, clubs, and classes of all sorts, ages and races, fraternal, patriotic and problematical have a distinctive button, badge or insignia until an unadorned lapel is as rare as in the most venal principality of the world. The philosopher and the moralist may decry decorations and call them trivial and the man who has never had the chance to decline a proffer may scoff at the pride shown by a happy wearer, still for many generations they have served a worthy purpose in spite of an occasional debas- ing. If we applaud noble endeavors, we should look with approval upon evidences of achievement; if we believe in noble striving to outstrip rivals or forge ahead of the great army of plodders, we should welcome the insignia that shows success in the estimation of one who from his exalted position can judge the contest. In its essence it may be vanity, but if vanity can be made a mainspring of human activities whose products benefit mankind, it is wise to utilize this form of thirst for glory and ennoble it by appreciating its merited bestowal and frowning upon each departure from chivalric traditions. In conferring a decoration, a sovereign seeks to bestow an honor, — it rests with the recipient and his fellow-men to make that honor real. If he holds it in high esteem, he cooperates with the giver in its exalting. Like the quality of mercy, it is twice blessed. The Constitution of the United States forbids the ac- ceptance on the part of any one holding a position of honor, trust or emolument of any decoration or gift from a foreign prince, power or potentate. Congress alone can give one permission to accept a foreign Order, a favor that has been accorded but once in more than twenty years. In other countries, permission can be granted by the Chancellery of Orders and is seldom refused unless by being of a class inferior to one already held, it de- grades the latter. The reluctance on the part of our Congress to grant the OF FOREIGN ORDERS necessary privilege has given rise to misunderstanding and also caused foreign governments to refrain from giving expression to genuine appreciation of services or achieve- ments. It is also true that officials, not having the right to wear their decorations, hesitate to make known the fact of their conferring and for this reason it is im- possible to include all in this work. In all countries where decorations are recognized, strict laws regulate their use and forbid all abuse. Since many of the ribbons are similar in color, certain rosettes are proscribed unless accompanied by a miniature cross. Officers in uniform wear all decorations of regulation size. Civilians in "full dress," wear at ordinary festivities, the decorations in miniature. If the function is official the full size of the highest grade can be worn, but if there be a decoration of the land of a lower Order, it too must be full size. In this event it is best to wear all full size. When attending a court function, all decorations in full size must be worn. The order of importance of decorations when attached horizontally is from right to left, and when attached vertically, on a bar or chain, it is from the top down- wards. In the text that follows, cravat means the ribbon around the neck on which the cross of Commander is hung. Usually the difference between the insignia of Officier and Chevalier is that the former is gold (or gilt) and the latter silver. Both are fastened to the lapel or, in the case of uniform, to the coat; Officier insignia by means of a ribbon with a rosette, that of Chevalier, ribbon alone. No insignia is worn with business suits nor with the coat known as the "Prince Albert." With these the rosette or ribbon is worn in the buttonhole of the lapel. Note. — When a promotion is granted, the insignia of io AMERICAN MEMBERS the lower grade is returned through the Diplomatic Rep- resentatives who transmitted the promotion. Upon the death of a member of certain Orders, the insignia should be returned; this requirement, if it exists, is always mentioned in the diploma. OF FOREIGN ORDERS u Following are the Principal Orders : Anhalt — Albert the Bear, Order of Merit. Annam, — Dragon. Austria, — Civil Merit, Iron Crown, Starred Cross, Francis-Joseph, Leopold, Elizabeth-Theresa, Marie-The- resa, Military Merit, St. Etienne, Teutonic, "Toison d'Or." Baden, — Fidelity, Berthold of Zaehringen, Merit, Mili- tary Merit. Bavaria, — Merit, Maximilien, St. Anne, St. Elizabeth, St. Georges, St. Hubert, Merit of St. Michael, Military Merit, Maximilien — Joseph, Louis, Therese, Military Merit. Belgium, — Leopold I, Leopold II. Brunswick, — Henry-the-Lion. Bulgaria, — Alexander, Civil Merit. Cambodia, — Royal Cambodian. China, — Precious Star, Double-Dragon. Congo, — African Star. Denmark, — Elephant, Dannebrog. France, — Legion of Honor, Merite Agricole. Great Britain, — Garter, St. Andrew, St. Michael and St. George, St. Patrick, Victoria and Albert, Bath. Greece, — Redeemer. Hesse, — Louis, Military Merit, Philipp-the-Good, Lion of Gold. 12 AMERICAN MEMBERS India, — Crown of India, Empire of India, Star of India, Victoria. Italy, — Savoy, Crown, Annanciade, Military of Savoy, Saints Maurice and Lazarus. Japan, — Chrysanthemum, Crown, Rising Sun, Sacred Treasure. Liberia, — African Redemption. Lippe, — Cross of Honor. Luxembourg, — Crown of Oak, Golden Lion of Nassau. Mecklenbourg-Schwerin, — Crown, Griffin. Monaco, — St. Charles. Montenegro, — Danilo, House of St. Peter, "Oblica d'Or." Netherlands, — Military, Orange-Nassau, Netherland Lion. Norway,— St. Olaf. Oldenbourg, — Merit. Persia, — Ali, Sun and Lion. Pontifical, — St. Gregory-the-Great, St. Sylvester, Christ, Pius IX. Porto-Novo, — Black Star. Portugal, — Notre Dame, St. Isabella, St. James, Merite- Agricole, Military, St. Benoit dAvis, Christ. Prussia, — Merit, Crown, Iron Cross, Black Eagle, Red Eagle, Louise, Swan, Civil Merit, Military Merit, St. John, Hohenzollern. Reuss, — Cross of Honor. Russia, — White Eagle, St. Alexander, St. Andrew, St. Anne, St. George, St. Catherine, St. Stanislaus, St. Vladi- mir. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 13 Saxony, — Civil Merit, Albert-the-Brave, Crown, Si- donie, Military. Saxe-Altenbourg, — Ernestine. Saxe- Weimar, — White Falcon. Servia, — White Eagle, St. Sava, Takovo. Siam, — Holy Order, Crown, White Elephant. Spain, — Charles XII, Maria-Louisa, Golden Fleece, Maria- Victoria, Isabelle II, Military Merit, Naval Merit, Alcantara, Calatrava, Notre Dame of Montesa, St. Ferdi- nand, St. James, Isabella the Catholic. Sweden,— Charles XIII, Sword, Pole Star, Seraphim, Vasa. Tunis, — Nichan-el-Oaman, Nichan-el-Ahed, Nichan- Iftikhar. Turkey, — Osmanie, Medjidie, Nicham-Imtiaz, Chefakat. Venezuela, — Bolivar, the Liberator. Waldeck, — Civil and Military Merit. Wurttemberg, — Frederick, Crown, Olga, Military Merit. Austria-Hungary IRON CROWN— Founded by Napoleon I on June 5, 1805, in commemoration of his receiving at Milan the Iron Crown. He declared that the reigning king of Italy should be the Grand Master forever. On the fall of Napoleon, the Order expired. But on February 12, 1816, Emperor Francis I revived it in a new form and on his birthday bestowed at Milan the Order, under the name of the Austrian Order of the Iron Crown. At present there are three classes, bestowed as a recom- pense for civil and military service. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, cravat; Chevalier, Cross on lapel. Ribbon, Yellow centre bordered with blue stripes. HOLLAND, W. J. Officier, 1909. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) IVES, HALSEY COOLEY. Born, Montour Falls, N. Y. Educated, public schools, technical schools of South Kensington, London, and various art schools; student of Piatowski (LL. D., Washington University, 1905). Has represented United States Government as Com- missioner abroad ; was chief of Art Department, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893, St. Louis Exposition, 1904. 16 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of St. Louis Art Commission; Lay member of National Sculpture Society ; American Institute of Architects ; Chicago Art Institution ; Academy of Science, St. Louis, Artists' Guild, National Arts Club, Phi Beta Kappa. Member of St. Louis, Noonday, and Round Table Clubs. Present occupation, Artist, Member of faculty of Washington University and Director of Museum and School of Fine Arts, St. Louis. Created Chevalier, 1906, in recognition of services to Art. Has also: Leopold (Belgium), St. Alexander (Bul- garia), Double Dragon (China), Dannebrog (Denmark), Sts. Maurice and Lazarus (Italy), Rising Sun (Japan), Christ (Portugal), and Vasa (Sweden). Present address, Redcroft, St. Louis Co., Mo. RUBENS, HARRY. Bestowed in 1907. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) THE ORDER OF FRANCIS JOSEPH was instituted by the Emperor Francis Joseph I for a reward of dis- tinguished merit in all classes. The statutes were promul- gated on December 2, 1849, Amended December 25, 1850, and again on December 18, 1869. The reigning Monarch is Grand Master ; the number of members is unlimited, and divided into three classes. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque on left side. Com- mander, cravat. Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, deep blue ; Festival day, December 2d. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 17 BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD. Created Officier in January, 1905, in recognition of services in the interests of the advancement of Commercial inter- course between nations. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) CONRIED, HEINRICH. Chevalier. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD Chevalier. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) HITCHCOCK, GEORGE Born in Providence, R. I., and educated at Brown Uni- versity and Harvard University, and under Boulanger and Lefebvre at Paris. Represented in Dresden Gallery, Chicago Art Institute, Imperial Collection, Vienna; McCullouch Collection, London ; Detroit Art Museum. Has received half-dozen Medals and exhibited to some extent. At present, Artist. Member of Paris Society of American Painters, Munich Secession, Vienna Academy of Arts. Created Officier February 10, igri3, in recognition of artistic accomplishments. Present address, 59 rue de Provence, Paris, 18 AMERICAN MEMBERS HOLLAND, W. J. Commander, 1909. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) HOYT, JOHN WESLEY Born near Worthington, Franklin Co., Ohio. Educated, Ohio Wesleyan University, Academies at Worthington and Troy, Ohio; Cincinnati Law School, Ohio Medical College and Eclectic Medical Colleges. Was Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Antioch College ; chief editor of The Wisconsin Farmer and Northwestern Cultivator ; Secretary and Managing Officer of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society; Com- missioner to the London Universal Exhibition of 1862 ; Paris Universal Exposition of 1867; Vienna Universal Exposition of 1873; Centennial (Philadelphia) Universal Exposition ; New Orleans Universal Exposition, 1884-5 ! president of three international juries for education and science ; Wis. State Railway Commissioner ; Governor of Wyoming; founder and first president of Wis. Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters ; Chairman of the Russian Famine Relief Committee of the U. S. ; represented Korea as her Plenipotentiary in the Universal Postal Con- gress of Washington, 1897. Member of numerous industrial, scientific, educational and social organizations. Author of Industrial Development of Wis., University Progress, Report on Education, Resources of Wisconsin and Resources of Wyoming; Memorial (to U. S. Senate) in regard to a National University; Outline Histories of Mediaeval Universities and of the World's Universities, Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 19 At present promoting the establishment of a graduate university of the U. S. at the National Capital. Created Commander, January, 1874, for services to the cause of learning. Present address, The Victoria, Washington, D. C. HULBERT, MILAN H. Born in New York City. Educated at Brooklyn Collegiate Institute. Was manufacturer for many years ; Director of De- partment of Varied Industries and Member of Jury, Paris Exposition, 1900; Chief of Department of Manufactures, St. Louis Exposition, 1904. At present engaged in real estate business. Member of Automobile Club of France, Mercantile Club of St. Louis, Glen Echo Club of St. Louis. Created Chevalier, 1905. Has also Leopold I (Bel- gium), Civil Merit (Bulgaria), Legion of Honor (France), Crown (Italy), Rising Sun (Japan), Vasa (Sweden). Present address, 6 Madison Street, Chicago. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Created Commander, 1905. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 21 Belgium LEOPOLD I— Founded July 11, 1832, by Leopold I, and originally consisted of four classes. By the law of December 28, 1838, the Grand Officier was added and a decree of May 16, 1839, fixed the form of the jewel. It was instituted to reward services both civil and military as well as achievements in art, literature and science. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque on left side. Grand Officier, plaque on left side (cravat optional). Com- mander, Cravat. Officier, Cross, with rosette. Chevalier, Cross, with ribbon. Ribbon, Watered crimson. On ceremonial occasions the Grand Cross is worn at- tached to a chain around the neck. ADAMS, MILWARD Born in Lexington, Ky. Educated at public school. Has been interested during the past twenty-five years, either in a business or a friendly way, with almost every great artist who has visited this country, as well as the distinguished artists and orators of the United States. In 1880, assumed the management of the Central Music Hall, Chicago ; Manager of the great Musical Festivals of 1882-1884, assisted in the management of the Opera Festival in 1885; Manager of the business of the Theodore Thomas Orchestra for twelve years; Manager of the Chicago Orchestra for three years ; Manager of the Dedi- catory Ceremonies of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago seven months before its opening, 1892; as- 22 AMERICAN MEMBERS sisted in the management for ceremonies which opened the fair, May, 1893; was Commissioner from the United States to the Liege Exposition, 1905 ; President of International Jury and memoir of the Superior Jury at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904. At present, managing director of The Auditorium, Chicago, 111. Member of Geographical Society, Lisbon. Created Chevalier in 1904 in recognition of services rendered at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, at St. Louis. Has also Merito Agricolo (Portugal), Legion of Honor (France), Savior (Greece), Nichan Iftikhar (Tunis). ALLEN, WILLIAM FREDERICK Born, Bordentown, N. J. Educated at Protestant Episcopal Academy, Philadel- phia. Manager of National Railway Publication Co. ; editor of Official Railway Guide; secretary and treasurer of American Railway Association; took the leading part in proposing and securing the adoption of the present system of Standard Time ; U. S. Delegate to International Merid- ian Conference, International Railway Association, to International Railway Congresses, London, Paris, Wash- ington. Honorary member of K. K. Geographic Society of Vienna; member of the Council of the American Metro- logical Society; American Geographic Society; Na- tional Geographic Society; New Jersey Historic Society; American Academy of Political and So- cial Science; A. A. A. S.; American Forestry Associa- tion; Washington Academy of Sciences; Navy League; OF FOREIGN ORDERS 23 American Statistical Association; American Economical Association ; Loyal Legion ; American Society of Civil Engineers ; American Railway Guild ; and of the Lawyers, Engineers, Transportation, Underwriters, Railroad, Union League, and S. Orange Field Clubs. Contributor to various magazines and encyclopedias on subjects of railroads and standard time. Present occupation, Metrologist and Editor. Created Chevalier. Present address, 24 Park Place, New York. COOK, FREDERICK ALBERT Born in Callicoon, Sullivan Co., N. Y. Educated schools of Brooklyn and Callicoon, and Uni- versity of New York. Has been and is a practising physician, writer and lecturer. Author of Through the First Antarctic Night, The White World (Associate Editor), The Top of the Conti- nent. Extensive contributor to magazines on polar and especially on Antarctic explorations. Member Arctic Club, American Geographic Society, Brooklyn Medical Society and Kings County Medical So- ciety of New York. Present occupation, Practising Physician. Created Chevalier in 1890, for services rendered scien- tific advancement in Antarctic explorations. Present address, 670 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 24 AMERICAN MEMBERS GAFFNEY, THOMAS ST. JOHN Officier, 1905. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) GORE, JAMES HOWARD Born, Frederick County, Va. Educated at Richmond College, Columbian University, Berlin, Leyden, and Brussels. Was Commissioner-General Expositions of Antwerp, Amsterdam, Brussels and Liege; Acting Assistant United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; President of Juries World's Columbian, Paris and St. Louis Expositions. Author of Elements of Geodesy, History of Geodesy, Bibliography of Geodesy, Physical Geography, Elements of Geometry, Parliamentary Law, German Science Reader, Elements of Trigonometry. Editor of German Texts, and author of Magazine Articles. At present, Writer and Lecturer. Member of Cosmos Club, Chevy Chase Club, Fellow Actuarial Society, and member of Scientific societies at home and abroad. Created Grand Officier in 1905. Has also Leopold II (Belgium), Civil Merit (Bulgaria), Orange and Nassau (Holland), Legion of Honor (France), Merite Agricole (France), White Elephant (Siam), Crown (Siam), Vasa (Sweden), Crown (Roumania). Present address, 2210 R Street, Washington. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 25 HENROTIN, ELLEN M. Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Turkey, Chefakat.) HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) MANNING, MARY MARGARETTA FRYER Born in Albany, N. Y., and educated under private tutors and at Albany Female Academy. Was President-General of National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member of Executive Committee and Vice-President of Association of American Women for the Presentation of Statue of Washington to France. Assisted in unveiling above Statue of Washington, July 3, 1900; also assisted at ceremonies of unveiling Statue of Lafayette, given by school children of the United States to France, July 4, 1900. Member of Daughters of the American Revolution, Colonial Dames, Holland Dames, Washington Woman's Club, New York Woman's Club, Albany Country Club, Albany Historical and Art Association, Town and Coun- try Club, New York ; Hereditary Life Member of Na- tional Mary Washington Memorial Association. 26 A MERICAN MEMBERS Chevalier. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 153 Washington Avenue, Albany, N. Y. OCKERSON, JOHN A. Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Sweden, Vasa.) PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE Created Chevalier, January 25, 189s, in recognition of achievements in Art. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) ROGERS, HOWARD JASON Born in Stephentown, N. Y., and educated at William* College. Was Instructor English Literature, Albany Academy, 1884-1892; Superintendent Educational Exhibit of New York, Chicago Exposition, 1892-1894; Deputy State Su- perintendent Public Instruction in New York, 1895-1901 ; Director Education United States Commission, Paris Ex- position ; Chief Department of Education, Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition. At present, Educator. Member of Fort Orange University, St. Louis, Century and Republican Clubs. Created Chevalier, 1904. Has also Red Eagle (Prus- sia), Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy), Rising Sun (Japan), North Star (Sweden). Present address, 235 State Street, Albany. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 27 SAJOUS, CHARLES EUCHARISTE Born at sea, under the American flag. Educated University of California; Jefferson Medical College; Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Was lecturer in Jefferson Medical College, Professor and Dean in Medico-Chirurgical College, Professor in Wagner Institute of Science, all in Philadelphia. Founder, Editor and contributor to Sajous's Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences, 45 Vols., 1888-1896; Sajous's Annual and Analytical Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, 12 Vols., 1896-1906. Author of Curative Treatment of Hay-Fever, 1885 ; Diseases of the Nose and Throat, 1885 ; Internal Secretions and the Principles of Medicine, 1903-1906. Member of American Medical Editors' Association ; Society of Hygiene ; Astronomical Society, France ; So- ciety of Public Medicine, Belgium; Medical Society of Warsaw; Philadelphia College of Physicians; American Philosophical Society, and Academy of Natural Sciences. At present, a practising physician. Created Chevalier, August 14, 1890, in appreciation of services rendered as Consul for Belgium, 1881-1895. Has also Legion of Honor (France), Bolivar (Venezuela), Public Instruction of France. Present address, 2043 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Created Commander in 1905. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) AMERICAN MEMBERS STEVENS, WALTER B. Chevalier, April 18, 1905. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) STEWART, JULIUS L. Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Studied under J. L. Gerome and R. de Madrazo. Elected associate member of Societe Xationale des Beaux Arts ; member of International Jury, Universal Exposition, Paris, 1889; member of Jury of Selection, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; member of Ad- visory and Executive Committee for St. Louis Exposition, 1904. Member of Paris Society of American Painters, So- ciete Nationale des Beaux Arts, Union Artistique, Auto- mobile Club dc France ; Philadelphia Club, Philadelphia, Delegate for Fine Arts, U. S. Section to the Liege Ex- hibition, 1905, and member of International Jury of Recompenses in same. Received medals, Salon, Berlin International Arts Exhibition, Munich. Present occupation, Artist. Created Chevalier, January 25, 1895. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 36 Rue Copernic, Paris. TAYLOR, JAMES L. Officier, 1898. Present address, Richmond, Surrey, England. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 29 TERRELL, EDWIN HOLLAND Born in Brookville, Ind. Educated at De Pamv University, A. B., A. M., Har- vard University, LL. D. Has served as American Minister to Belgium; Pleni- potentiary to Slave Trade Conference, to Customs-Tariff Conference ; Member of Commission Technique to re- vise Berlin treaty of 1885 at Brussels ; Plenipotentiary to negotiate Commercial treaty with the Congo Free State ; Commissioner to and Vice President of International Monetary Conference. Member Beta Theta Pi College Fraternity, Military Order Loyal Legion, 32d degree Mason. At present, Lawyer and Capitalist. Created Grand Officier, October 1, 1893, for distin- guished services in ameliorating the condition of the natives in Africa (Anti-Slavery Conference). Present address, 108 Soledad Street, San Antonio, Texas. TOLMAN, WILLIAM HOWE Born, Pawtucket, R. I. Graduated from Brown University, 1882 ; post-graduate studies in department of history and politics, Johns Hop- kins, Ph.D., 1891. General agent of New York Association for Im- proving the Condition of the Poor ; secretary of Mayor's Committee on Public Baths ; and of Improved Housing Council, New York ; Director of American Museum of Safety Devices and Industrial Hygiene of American 30 AMERICAN MEMBERS Institute of Social Service. Member of International Jury in Social Economy, Paris Exposition, 1900; Member of Superior Jury, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904; di- rector of U. S. Section, Social Economy, Liege Exposi- tion, 1905 ; Commissioner of American Section at Milan Exposition, 1906, and of American Section, International Book and Paper Exposition, Paris, 1907. Member Technical Trade Museum, Vienna; Society of Improved Dwellings, France ; International Law Associa- tion ; American Institute of Mining Engineers ; Ameri- can Society Mechanical Engineers; American Institute Electrical Engineers, and National Arts Club. Author of History of Higher Education in Rhode Isl- and, 1891 ; Municipal Reform Movements in the United States, 1894; Handbook of Sociological Reference for New York City, 1894; Report on Public Baths and Public Stations, 1897 ; also Industrial Betterment, monograph prepared for U. S. Section of Social Economy, Paris Exposition, 1900; Industrial Betterment in the Economic History of the U. S. Present occupation, Social Economist. Created Chevalier. Has also Legion of Honor (France) and Crown (Prussia). Present address, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York. WARE, LEWIS S. Officier, 1905. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE Chevalier, 1884; Officier, 1902. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 31 WILEY, WILLIAM HALSTED Born New York City, N. Y. Educated at College of the City of New York, A. B. ; Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute, Troy, C. E. President of the International Jury and member of the Superior Jury at Brussels ; Member of Congress, 8th N. J. District; promoted from 1st Lt. to Major of U. S. V. in 1865. President of East Orange, N. J., Township Com. Member American Society Civil Engineers ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers ; American Institute of Mining Engineers ; American Institute of Electrical Engineers ; A. A. A. S. ; National Geographic Society ; Metropolitan Museum of Art; Society Preservation of Adirondacks, etc. Club membership in Engineers, University, Aldine, Army and Navy, Municipal Art, National Art, Republi- can, New York City; East Orange and Essex County Clubs of Orange, N. J. ; Cosmos, Washington. Present occupation, Member of Congress. Scientific Publisher. Created Chevalier in recognition of services as Presi- dent of the International Jury and member of Superior Jury at Brussels. Present address, East Orange, N. J. LEOPOLD II was instituted by King Leopold II on August 24, 1900, for the purpose of showing appreciation of services and achievements along directions in which His Majesty was especially interested. It has five classes: Grand Cross, sash and plaque ; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, rosette and cross ; Chevalier, ribbon and cross. Ribbon, watered blue. 32 AMERICAN MEMBERS GORE, JAMES HOWARD Grand Cross, 1906. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) MacEWEN, WALTER Created Officier, 1909, in recognition of services to art at Liege Exposition 1905. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) WHITELEY, JAMES GUSTAVUS Born, Baltimore, Md. Educated at private schools and under private tutors. Was Consul-General of the Independent State of the Congo ; Unofficial representative of President of U. S. to The Hague, 1898. Member and Associe de l'lnstitut de Droit International, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain, Membre Correspondant de la Societe d'Histoire Diplo- matique (France), University Club, Baltimore; City Club, New York; Baltimore Country Club, etc. Extensive contributor to principal American and for- eign reviews on subjects of international law, diplomatic history and foreign affairs. Created Chevalier, April 19, 1909, for services as Con- sul-General de lEtat Independant du Congo. Present address, 223 YY. Lanvale St., Baltimore, Md. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 33 Bulgaria SAINT ALEXANDER— Founded December 25, 1881, by Prince Alexander I. The present statutes of the Order were promulgated by Prince Ferdinand, March 24, 1885, and August 14, 1888. It is bestowed for service to the State and for bravery, and consists of five classes in two categories— one for mili- tary service and the other for civil service. The insignia for the first three classes is surmounted by the Bulgarian Crown. The Cross for both the first and second class is worn on the left side, the only difference between them being the size. First class, scarf and plaque. Second class, cravat and plaque, smaller. Third class, cravat. Fourth '-'ass, cross on lapel with rosette. Fifth class, Cross on lapel. Ribbon, bright red. IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Commander, 1904. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) WASHBURN, GEORGE Born, Middleboro, Mass. Graduated from Amherst, 1855 (D.D.) ; Andover Theo- logical Seminary, 1859; (LL.D., University of Michigan, 1900; Princeton University, 1900, and Amherst College, '900). Professor of philosophy, acting president and president if Robert College. Recognized authority upon questions 34 AMERICAN MEMBERS connected with the politics of South Eastern Europe; regular contributor to the Contemporary Reviews, Lon- don, and other English and American periodicals. Present occupation, Clergyman and Educator. Created Officier. Has also Civil Merit (Bulgaria). Present address, 377 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. THE BULGARIAN CIRCLE OF MERITE was founded August 14, 1891, by Prince Ferdinand and com- prises six classes : Grand Cross, scarf and cross on left side; Grand Offi- cier, cross on left side ; Commander, First Class, cravat and cross on left side ; Commander, Second Class, cravat ; Officier, cross with rosette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross with ribbon bow on lapel. Ribbon, white center bands of green and red. CRIDLER, THOMAS WILBUR Third Class. (For sketch see Turkey, Medjidie.) GORE, JAMES HOWARD Officier, 1888. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 3i KURTZ, CHARLES M. Born, New Castle, Pa. Graduated from Washington and Jefferson College, A. B. 1876, A. M. 1879, Ph. D. 1902; student of National Academy of Design, New York. Was connected with the New York Tribune; editor of National Academy Notes ; and of the Art Union Maga- zine ; art editor of New York Daily Star and literary editor and director of Sunday Star ; assistant chief of Department of Fine Arts, World's Columbian Exposi- tion ; art director for St. Louis Annual Exposition and visited art centres of U. S. and Europe in interests of that exposition; assistant director of fine arts for U. S. Commission to Paris Exposition, 1900, and as- sistant chief of Department of Art. Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1901. Member of National Sculpture Society, National So- ciety of Mural Painters, Municipal Art Society, Artists' Guild of St. Louis, Japan Society of London; Member of the Lotos, National Arts (N. Y.) Buffalo, and University (Buffalo) Clubs. Has received medals and diplomas from several expositions. Present occupation, Art Director, The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy. Created Officier, 1905. Present address, 546 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLXEY Created Grand Officier. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) 36 , AMERICAN MEMBERS WASHBURN, GEORGE Officier. (For sketch see Bulgaria, St. Alexander.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 37 Camboge ROYAL ORDER OF CAMBOGE— Instituted by King Norodon, February 8, 1864, to reward services to the Sovereign or to the State. It has four classes : Grand Officier, cravat and plaque ; Commander, cravat ; Officier, cross and rosette ; Chevalier, cross ; Ribbon, red with green border. WARE, LEWIS S. Commander, 1909. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) 38 AMERICAN MEMBERS CHINA DOUBLE DRAGOX— This Order is the successor of the Imperial Dragon of 1862, which was founded by imperial edict to bestow upon foreigners for services to the Empire. As at present constituted, the Double Dragon was cre- ated February 7, 1862. The significance of Double in the title can be seen in the fact that to natives, buttons, plumes and robes are conferred as insignias, while to foreigners are given jewels similar to the crosses of Western Orders. The Order of the Double Dragon is of five classes, the highest consisting of three grades each. The insignia for the two highest grades are oblong, gold-edged yellow enameled plaques, differing only in sizes. For the inferior grades the insignia is round, and differ in size and ornamentation. The most distinguishing feature is the ribbon or cord to which the insignia is attached. First class, 1st grade, ribbon red embroidered with dragons in gold. First class, 2d and 3d grades, red, dragons in silver. Second class, violet, dragons yellow. Third class, blue, dragons red. Fourth class, marroon, dragons green. Fifth class, "Moonlight," dragons blue. There is frequently some confusion in the distinction between grades and classes. BARRETT, JOHN (For sketch see Venezuela, Bolivar.) BREWSTER, A. W. (U. S. Army) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 39 CARL, KATHARINE AUGUSTA Born, Louisiana. Educated, State College, Memphis, Tenn. Author of : Articles in Country Magazines, 1905-6 ; "With the Empress Dowager of China," 1905. Present occupation, Artist. Given Second class, June, 1904, for painting portraits of Empress Dowager Tze-Ksi. Present address, 51 Washington Square, New Yort FERGUSON, JOHN CALVIN Born in Ontario. Graduated Boston University, 1886. President Nanking University, Nanyang College, Shan- ghai; sent by Chinese Government on special mission to investigate commercial schools of Europe and United States ; Secretary of Chinese Ministry of Commerce ; chief secretary of Imperial Chinese Railway Administra- tion ; foreign adviser to Viceroys of Nanking and Wuch- ang ; Member of Chinese Commission to revise treaties with the United States and Japan; sent on special mis- sions for Chinese Government to United States. Member of several learned societies, Royal Asiatic Society. Present occupation, educator; Chinese Government official. Given Second Grade, Third Class. Has also Legion of Honor (France) ; Sacred Treasure (Japan) ; St. Anne (Russia). Present address, Shanghai, China. 40 AMERICAN MEMBERS FRYER, JOHN Born, Hythe, Kent, England. Graduated from Highbury College, London, i860. (LL.D V Alfred University, New York.) Professor in Alfred University; principal of St. Paul's College, Hongkong; professor of English, Tung- Wen College, Peking, China; head master of Anglo-Chinese School, Shanghai; head of department for translation into Chinese of foreign scientific books at Imperial Gov- ernment Arsenal, Shanghai ; viceroy's examiner Imperial Naval College, Nanking; secretary to Imperial Chinese ambassador, Kwo-Sung-Tao ; founder and proprietor of Chinese Scientific Book Depot, Shanghai. Member of Chinese branch of Royal Asiatic Society, Educational Association of China, Secretary of Chinese Polytechnic Institution, Shanghai. Author of: Educational Directory for China, 1895; Translator's Vade-Mecum, or Vocabulary of Scientific Terms in Chinese and English; essays, reports, etc., and upward of 100 books published at Shanghai in Chinese language. Present occupation, Agassiz professor of Oriental lan- guages and literature. Given First Grade, Third Class, 1898. Present address, 2620 Durant Avenue, Berkley, Cal. GOODRICH, PAUL M. (U. S. Army) Double Dragon. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 41 GRACEY, SAMUEL L. Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Graduated from Boston University Theological School, 1858. Ordained to M. E. ministry 1858; served pastorates at Philadelphia, Smyrna, Del., Boston, Cambridge, West- field, Fall River, Chelsea, Salem, Natick, E. Wey- mouth, and Lynn, Mass. Enlisted as private, 16th Penn- sylvania Regiment, 1862 ; chaplain 6th Pennsylvania Cav- alry; served in Sheridan's Cavalry, Army of Potomac. Consul at Foochow. Present occupation, Clergyman. Present address, American Consulate, Foochow, China. GREENER, RICHARD THEODORE Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated Oberlin, Phillips (Andover) Academy, Har- vard University, Law School of the University of South Carolina. Teacher, Philadelphia, Washington ; Professor, Univer- sity of South Carolina; Dean Howard University, Law School; Secretary of Grant Monument Association, New York City; Examiner, Municipal Civil Service, New York City; American Consul to Vladivostok. Member of American Philosophical Society, People's Club, Naval and Military Clubs, Vladivostok. Wrote first series of Commercial Reports on Siberia, Great Siberian R. R., etc. Present occupation, Consular Service, U. S. A. Given Second Class, Third Grade, 1902, for service to Chinese subjects during Boxer war and sufferers from famine while U. S. Consul at Vladivostok. Present address, 1918 nth St., Washington. 42 AMERICAN MEMBERS IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Given Third Class, First Grade. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) KINNEY, C. C. (U. S. Army) LEONARD, HENRY (U. S. Marine Corps) Third Class, Second Grade. MARTIN, WILLIAM A. P. OCKERSON, JOHN A. Third Class, First Grade. (For sketch see Sweden, Vasa.) REYNOLDS, JAMES B. Born Kiantoree, New York State. Educated Yale University and Universities of Paris and Berlin. Has served as Head Worker of the University Settle- ment, Member of the New York State Tenement House Commission and Secretary to the Mayor of New York. Member of the Century, City, Republican, and National Arts Clubs. At present, lawyer. Created member of the Order of the Double Dragon of China in recognition of courtesies shown to Prince Chen in 1903. Present address, 7 West 43d Street, New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 43 SIGWORTH, J. M. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Second Class, First Grade. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) SMITH, ALLEN Born at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Fla. Cadet at U. S. Naval Academy. Passed through ranks of 2d Lieutenant, 1st Lieutenant, captain, major, lieuten- ant-general, colonel, brigadier-general. Retired after 40 years' service. Present occupation, Retired Army Officer. Given Order of Double Dragon. Present address, War Department, Washington, D. C. STEVENS, WALTER B. First Grade, Third Class, 1905. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) SYMONS, THOMAS WILLIAM Born Keesville, N. Y. Graduated from West Point, 1874. Continuously in service on civil and military engineering works in Washington, D. C, Oregon, California, Nevada, Washington, Idaho, Montana and the Great Lakes; built the largest breakwater in the world, at Buffalo, N. Y. ; has 44 AMERICAN MEMBERS charge of U. S. Lighthouses from Detroit, Mich., to Og- densburg, N. Y. ; member Canal Advisory Board and con- sulting engineer on canals, State of New York. Military- aide to the President and member Board of Engineering constructing the Erie, Champlain and Oswego Canals of New York. Member Electric Towage Commission, New York. Author of : The Columbia River, 1882 ; A Ship Canal from the Great Lakes to the Sea (engineering report) 1897. Present occupation, Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers, U. S. A. Given order of Double Dragon. Present address 20 Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C. WELLS, ROLLA Born in St. Louis. Educated in Washington University and Princeton University. Delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1896; Mayor of St. Louis. Member St. Louis University and Country Clubs. At present, Mayor of St. Louis. Decorated with Second Class, April 29, 1905, in appre- ciation of courtesies shown His Imperial Highness, Prince Pu Lun; has also Red Eagle (Prussia). Present address, City Hall, St. Louis. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 45 Denmark THE ORDER OF THE DANNENBROG had, according to tradition, a miraculous origin, and dates back to 1219. The historical beginnings, however, are traced to Christian V who, in 1693, published the stat- utes of the Order which remained in force until 1808 when Frederick VI raised the Order, which had previously existed as a Court honor, to an Order of Merit, unre- stricted as to rank or the number of its members. Its purpose is to show appreciation of Civil or Military merit, acts of public devotion and services rendered to the State or the King. There are four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque on left side. Commander, first class, cravat and plaque on left side. Commander, second class, cravat. Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, white with red border. Festival day, April 15th. CHRISTENSEN, CHARLES CHRISTIAN Commander in 1902. Danish Consulate, New York City. CURRIE, CHARLES EARL Born, Dayton, Ky. Educated St. Xavier College and Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. Was Director and 1st Vice-President, Louisville, Ky., Board of Trade; Special Commissioner to Denmark for same. President Tennessee Exposition Commissioners (Nashville) for Kentucky. Consul for Denmark, and 46 AMERICAN MEMBERS minor offices connected with public interests in Louisville. President The Currie Fertilizer Co. ; Senior Partner, Charles Earl Currie & Co. Membership in Louisville Board of Trade and Pendennis Clubs of Louisville; Osceolo, Country Club and Chamber of Commerce of Pensacola, Fla. ; Scottish Society and Masonic Fraternity in Louisville. Present occupation, Consul for Denmark and Manufac- turer at Louisville and Pensacola, Fla. Created Chevalier for services to the Government. Present address, Louisville, Ky. HAMMERICH, A. Chevalier, 1890. Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md. HERTZ, HENRY L. Born, Copenhagen, Denmark. Graduated from University of Copenhagen, 1866. Coroner in Chicago ; State Treasurer of Illinois ; U. S. Collector of Internal Revenue in Chicago since April, 1901. Member of Oriental Consistory; Hamilton Club, Chi- cago Yacht Club; Chicago College Club; Danish- Ameri- can Association. Present occupation, Collector of Internal Revenue. Created Chevalier in 1907. Present address, Chicago, 111. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 47 HILPRECHT, HERMAN VOLLRATH Created Commander in 1898 in recognition of eminent cuneiform investigations at the fiftieth anniversary of the Danish King's accession to the throne. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) HOLDEN, EDWARD S. Created Chevalier July 27, 1896. (For sketch see Saxony, Ernestine.) IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Third Class. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) LOUBAT, JOSEPH FLORIMUND DUC de Born, New York. Graduated from University of Paris, bachelier es let- tres, 1847 (Doctor Juris. University of Jena, 1869). Inherited a large fortune and has made many gifts to public institutions, including an endowment of property worth $1,000,000 to the Columbia University library, be- sides gifts of books and manuscripts ; has made gifts to the Roman Catholic Church; his title of Due de Loubat was conferred by the Pope, 1893. Author of : Narrative of the Mission to Russia in 1866 by G. V. Fox; A Yachtsman's Scrap-Book. Created Chevalier 1880. Has also Vasa (Sweden). Present address, 47 Rue Dumont d'Urville, Paris, France. 48 AMERICAN MEMBERS MURRELL, HAMILTON Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Chevalier, 1889. NIELSEN, A. Chevalier, 1896. Wishee, Clark Co., Wis. PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE Created Chevalier in 1898 in recognition of achieve- ments in Art. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) RIIS, JACOB AUGUST Born, Ribe, Denmark. Educated at Latin School at Ribe, Denmark. Police Reporter of New York Sun ; active in the small parks and playgrounds movement, and in the tenement house and school reform ; secretary of New York Small Parks Commission ; executive officer Good Government clubs. Author of: How the Other Half Lives, 1890; The Children of the Poor, 1892 ; The Making of An American, 1901; The Battle with the Slum, 1902; Children of the Tenements, 1902; The Peril and the Preservation of the Home, 1903; Theodore Roosevelt, the Citizen, 1904; also magazine articles on social and economical subjects. Present occupation, Journalist and Author. Created Chevalier, 1900. Present address, 524 N. Beach Street, Richmond Hill, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 49 SARTORI, PAUL H. J. U. S. Consulate, Kiel, Germany. SCHARWENKA, XAVER Chevalier, 1883. New York City. von SCHMIDTEN, M. G. Chevalier, 1900. 7th Street, Hoboken, N. J. SEWARD, GEORGE FREDERICK Born in Florida, New York. Educated at Seward Institute and Union College. Was Consul at Shanghai ; Consul General ; Minister to Corea ; Minister to China ; Special Mission to Siara ; pres- ident North China branch, Royal Asiatic Society, and is connected with the Wilson Aluminium Co. of New York. Member American Geographical Society, American Academy of Political and Social Science, American Insti- tute of Civics, American Electro-Chemical Society, Amer- ican Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, Authors Club, New York; Chamber of Commerce, Civil Service Reform Association, Lawyers' Club, New York; Patria Club of New York, Sons of the Revolution, etc. Author : Chinese Immigration and Its Social and Econ- omic Aspects, 1881 ; "Digest of Taxation System in New York," and various papers on economic, social and politi- cal topics. At present, President Fidelity and Casualty Co., of New York. SO AMERICAN MEMBERS Created Commander in recognition of services to Dan- ish interests in China. Also Commander of the French, Dragon of Annam. Present address, 99 Cedar Street, N. Y. SIMPSON, JOHN Born, Bethel, Clement Co., Ohio. Educated Public Schools of Ohio. Enlisted as private 5th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Sep- tember 27, 1862, and served until May 25, 1865; Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster-General; Brigadier-General U. S. A. August 17, 1903. Created Chevalier 1888. Present address, War Department, Washington. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Created Commander, 1904. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS Si France LEGION OF HONOR was established as the Order of the Eagle in 1802 (May 19), by Napoleon when First Con- sul. Prior to the Concordat with Rome, in 1906, the Cross, in reality a star, was so named and has been, since then, called the "Cross." The insignia has undergone many changes. At one time it bore the effigy of Henry IV, the fleur-de-lis were re- placed by the double lances draped with the tricolor and finally the surmounting crown gave place to the wreath of oak and laurel. The present form was adopted by a decree of November 8, 1870. There are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque on left side. Grand Officier, cravat and plaque on right side. Commander, cravat. Officier, gold cross en lapel with rosette. Chevalier, silver cross on lapel. Ribbon, red. Festival days, July 14th and January 1st. MERITE AGRICOLE— Instituted by a decree of July 7, 1883, to honor persons who have rendered service to agri- culture either practically or by investigations and publica- tions. The original decree was modified in 1887 and 1900. There are three classes : Commander, Officier, and Chev- alier. Ribbon is green with red stripe near each edge. UNIVERSITY PALMS were proposed in 1808 by the de- cree which organized the University of France. By the Statutes of April 7, 1866, there are two classes : Officier de l'lnstruction publique, gold palms ; Officier dAcademie, silver palms. Ribbon, violet. As these decorations are ministerial and somewhat freely bestowed, the recipients have not been named in this work. 52 AMERICAN MEMBERS ALLIS, EDWARD PHELPS, JR. Born, Milwaukee, Wis. Attended Delaware Literary Institute, Franklin, N. Y. ; studied at Antioch College, Ohio ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston (LL. D., University of Wisconsin, 1903). Member of the firm of Edward P. Allis & Co., Mil- waukee; vice-president of same; established the Lake (now Allis Research) Laboratory; removed it to Menton, France, 1890, and since conducted special research in vertebrate morphology; editor, with Dr. C. O. Whitman, Journal of Morphology from 1887 till its suspension. Member and Fellow Zoological Society, Linnean Society, Society of Arts, Royal Micros. Society, Royal Metrologi- cal Society, London, A. A. A. S., New York Academy of Sciences, Anatomists Society, Great Britain and Ireland, American Association of Anatomists, American Society of Naturalists, Boston Society of Natural Society; Prix Lallemand, Paris, Palmes Academiques. Author of numerous monographs on zoology and kin- dred subjects. Present occupation, Scientist. Chevalier. Present address, Milwaukee, Wis. BAILLY-BLANCHARD, A. Secretary United States Commission, International Ex- position, Paris, 1889. Created Chevalier October 30, 1889, in consideration of services rendered at the Paris Exposition of 1889. Has also St. Stanislaus (Russia). OF FOREIGN ORDERS S3 At present Secretary United States Embassy, Paris. Present address, 18 Avenue Kleber, Paris, France. BARNARD, CHARLES INMAN Chevalier. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) BATES, LINDON WALLACE Born, Marshfield, Vt. Educated, Chicago High School and Yale. Assistant engineer Northern Pacific and Oregon Pacific R. R. ; contractor engineer or manager various railway, dock and terminal contracts in Oregon, Washington, Mon- tana, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, California, etc., for all the transcontinental railways ; on Chicago Drainage Canal, etc. ; built mammoth dredge "Beta" for U. S. Government ; retained 1896-1902 by Belgian Government to prepare re- ports and projects for improvement of port of Antwerp ; by Russian Government on the rivers Volga and Dnieper and Azov sea ports and channels, the Canal Marie, Black Sea ports ; by the Queensland Government designed 8 harbors and regulation of Brisbane, Mary, Fitzroy, Nor- man and Albert rivers, also for Government of South Australia the harbors of Port Adelaide and other ports, Murray River entrance and Southwestern Railway Sys- tem, the Calcutta port comm'rs on the River Hugli, etc. ; built large hydraulic dredge for Russian Government ; the sea-going dredges "Hercules," "Samson" and "Archer" for Queensland, and the "Linden Bates" for Calcutta; prepared scheme for improvement of Port Shanghai. Member of Western Society Engineers, Chicago; Life Asso. Inst. Naval Architects and of Institution Civil En- 54 AMERICAN MEMBERS gineers of Great Britain; Whitewall, Primrose (Lon- don) ; Automobile Club of France, Yale, Republican, Lawyers', Union League. At present, Civil Engineer. Created Member of Legion of Honor in 1900 for dis- tinguished services to science. Present address, 71 Broadway, New York. BEAN, TARLETON HOFFMAN Chevalier, January 1, 1909. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) BELL, JAMES FRANKLIN Born at Shelbyville, Ky. ; graduated from U. S. Military Academy, 1878. Served on plains ; in Sioux campaign, Pine Ridge, S. D. ; adjutant of regiment and secretary Cavalry and Light Artillery School ; aide to General J. W. Forsyth.- Served in Spanish-American campaign in Philippine Is- lands and in Philippine insurrection ; organized 36th In- fantry U. S. Volunteers in Islands ; commandant of In- fantry and Cavalry School, Signal School and Staff Col- lege; Chief of Staff U. S. A. since 1906; passed through ranks of captain, colonel, commander, brigadier-general, provost marshal general. Present occupation, Retired Army Officer. BELMONT, PERRY Commander October 6, 1890. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 55 Made Commander. Present address, War Department, Washington. BRIDGMAN, FREDERIC ARTHUR Born, Tuskegee, Ala. Studied in Brooklyn Art School and National Academy of Design while working; was a pupil under J. L. Gerome and at ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Painter of figure and of oriental and archaeological pic- tures ; apprentice in engraving department of American Bank Note Co., New York. Author of: Winters in Algeria; Anarchy in Art; the Idol and the Ideal; composer of orchestral music. Member of National Academy of Design, Society of American Artists and Parisian Society of American Artists. Has received ist and 2d Class medals at Paris and Continental Exhibits. Present occupation, Artist. Created Chevalier, 1878. Has also St. Michael (Ba- varia). Present address, 146 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris, France. BRIESEN, ARTHUR VON Born, Borkendorf, Germany. Educated, Prussian Gymnasium, Hohenstein, Brauns- berg, by private tutor; graduated from law school, New York University. On staff Scientific American; admitted 56 AMERICAN MEMBERS to bar 1868; now member of firm Briesen & Knauth. Sergeant of Company B 1st New York Volunteer En- gineers; with 10th Army Corps in South Carolina and Georgia, at battles Hilton-Head, Fort Pulaski, Secession- ville, Pocotaligo, etc. ; member of Company of '70 ; presi- dent Citizens' Union, 1896, German-American McKinley and Roosevelt League; Chairman of New York Roosevelt League, Ellis Island Investigating Committee; mentioned in President's annual message to Congress, 1903 ; Presi- dent Legal Aid Society; director of Stapleton National Bank ; member of New York Chamber of Commerce ; delegate to Universal Congress, Lawyers and Jurists, St. Louis, 1904. Member American Institution (life) ; National Geo- graphic Society, Bar Association, etc. ; City, Lotos, Ger- man, Unitarian, Channing Clubs. Present occupation, Lawyer. Created Chevalier March 15, 1906, for work done for French subjects by the Legal Aid Society; has also Crown (Prussia). Present address, 25 Broad Street, New York. CAPDEVIELLE, PAUL New Orleans, La. Educated Jesuits' College, New Orleans, University of Louisiana. President of Merchants Insurance Co. ; Mayor of New Orleans ; Auditor of Public Accounts, State of Louisiana. President of Pickwick Club, vice-president of French Opera Club. Present occupation, State Auditor of Louisiana. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 57 Created Chevalier August 15, 1902. Has also St. Olaf (Norway). Present address, 2410 Esplanade Avenue, New Or- leans, La. CARNEGIE, ANDREW Born, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. Was weaver's assistant in cotton factory, Allegheny, Pa. ; became telegraph messenger boy in Pittsburg office of Ohio Telegraph Co. ; learned telegraphy, entered em- ploy of Pennsylvania R. R. and became telegraph opera- tor, advancing by promotion until he became superinten- dent of Pittsburg division of Pennsylvania system ; joined Mr. Woodruff, inventor of the sleeping car, in or- ganizing Woodruff Sleeping Car Co. ; during the Civil War served as superintendent of military railways and government telegraph lines in the East ; established at Pittsburg, Keystone Bridge Works and Union Iron Works. Introduced into this country Bessemer process of making steel ; was principal owner of Homestead and Edgar Thompson Steel Works, and other large plants as head of firms of Carnegie, Phipps Co. and Carnegie Bros. & Co. ; interests were consolidated in the Carnegie Steel Co., and afterwards merged in the United States Steel Corporation, when he retired from business. Has given libraries to many towns and cities in the United States and Great Britain and large sums in other benefactions. Author of : An American Four-in-Hand in Britain, 1883 ; Round the World, 1884 ; Triumphant Democracy, 1886; The Gospel of Wealth, 1900; The Empire of Busi- ness, 1902 ; The Life of James Watt, 1906. Honorary member of American Institute of Architects ; member of the executive committee, National Civic Fed- eration ; American Philosophical Society. 58 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Capitalist, Manufacturer, and Phil- anthropist. Made Commander, 1907. Present address, 2 E. 91st Street, New York. CASSATT, MARY Present address, 10 Rue de Marignan, Paris, France. CHAFFEE, ADNA ROMANZA Born at Orwell, O. Educated at public schools of Ohio. Passed through the ranks of private sergeant and first sergeant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant-colonal, brigadier-general, major-general ; hon- orably discharged in 1899 > served in Civil War and Span- ish-American War ; chief of staff, Division of Cuba ; com- manded China relief expedition and Division of the Phil- ippines ; commanded Department of the East ; assistant to Chief of Staff; Chief of Staff, U. S. A. Member of Loyal Legion, Society Army of Santiago de Cuba, Military Order of the Dragon, Order of the Caraboa, Society Army of the Philippines, and of the Army and Navy Club. Present occupation, Army Officer. Given Grand Cross. Present address, 987 Magnolia Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Born, Chicago, 111. Graduated From Cornell University, 1886. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 59 Editor America ; Consul of Spain at Chicago. Member Fellow Royal Geographical Society, Eng- land; New Hampshire Society of the Cincinnati; Illinois Society Colonial Wars ; Union (New York), Metropolitan (Washington), Chicago University Clubs. Author of : With Edge Tools ; An American Peeress ; Two Women and a Fool; The Land of the Castanet; The Vice of Fools ; The Idle Born ; The Crimson Wing ; Moliere, a Biography ; contributed to North American Review, The Bookman, Cosmopolitan, Harper's Weekly, etc. Present occupation, Author. Created Chevalier in recognition of literary work. Has also Isabella the Catholic (Spain), St. James (Portugal), Bolivar (Venezuela), Crown (Italy). Present address, Lake Forest, 111. COCHRANE, HENRY CLAY Born, Chester, Pa. Educated Upland Normal School and Friends' Central High School, Philadelphia. Appointed in naval service ; served in Civil War, in rail- road strikes of 1877, Spanish-American War, Boxer Cam- paign, China, and in the Philippines. Was present at bom- bardment of Alexandria, Egypt, by the British, 1862, and at coronation of Czar, Alexander III, Moscow. Major of marine battalion that held the heights of Guantanamo, Cuba ; detailed as governor of Manzanillo ; commanded 1st brigade of marines in Philippines and acted as gov- ernor of Peninsula of Cavite. 60 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of Loyal Legion, Military Order of Foreign Wars, G. A. R., Array and Navy Union. Present occupation, Officer of U. S. Marine Corps. Created Chevalier, 1889, for services at Universal Ex- position. Present address, Chester, Pa. COHN, ADOLPHE Born in Paris and educated at Lycee Bonaparte and Louis le Grand, Faculte de Droit, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris. Was Tutor and Instructor in French, Columbia College ; Instructor and Assistant Professor of French, Harvard University; Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures, Columbia University; President, Alliance Franchise. Author of Voltaire's Prose (with Dr. B. D. Wood- ward), Le Sage's Gil Bias (with R. L. Sanderson), Let- tres des Etats Unis in La Republique Franchise and Le Temps, articles in Magazines and Reviews, Editor of Sil- ver Series of Modern Languages. At present, Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures, Columbia University. Member of American Historical Association, Modern Language Association, Reform Club, Authors 1 Club, President Colonial Club, Cambridge, Mass. Created Chevalier, September 27, 1900, in consideration of services rendered to French Language and French Population in the United States. Has also Crown (Italy). Present address, 308 W. 94th Street, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 61 CROZIER, WILLIAM Born, Carrollton, O. Graduated from U. S. Military Academy, 1876; passed through the ranks of commandant, 2d lieutenant, 1st lieu- tenant, captain, major inspector-general ; brigadier-general chief of ordnance U. S. A. since 1901 ; with General Buf- fington, invented the Buffington-Crozier disappearing gun carriage ; invented the wire gun. Delegate to Interna- tional Peace Conference at The Hague, 1899 ; chief ord- nance officer of Pekin Relief Expedition, 1900. Member American Geographic Society and of the Uni- versity ; New York Yacht ; Metropolitan ; Chevy Chase Clubs. Present occupation, Army Officer. Made Commander. Present address, 2339 Massachusetts Avenue, Wash- ington, D. C. CUTLER, W. G. (U. S. Navy) DAVIS, A. H. (U. S. Navy) Chevalier. DOREY, HALSTEAD (U. S. Army) Chevalier. DUVEEN, HENRY JOSEPH Born in Meppel, Holland, and educated at French College, Meppel, Holland. Is senior member of the House of Duveen Brothers, New York and London. 62 AMERICAN MEMBERS At present, Art Expert and Dealer. Member of Harmonie Club, New York City. Created Chevalier, July 17, 1902, in recognition of his encouragement of French Art in the United States. Has also Red Eagle (Prussia). Present address, 302 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM Ofncier, January 1, 1903. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) EVANS, G. E. (U. S. Navy) FERGUSON, JOHN CALVIN Chevalier. (For sketch see China, Double Dragon.) FRANCIS, DAVID ROWLAND Born, Richmond, Ky. Graduated from Washington University, 1870 : uni- versity of Missouri, Shurtleff College, St. Louis Uni- versity. Was clerk and afterwards partner in a commercial house; established what become Francis Bro. & Co., and D. R. Francis & Bro. Commission Co., grain merchants, of which he was president; vice-president Merchants- Laclede National Bank; president of Madison County Ferry Co. : director of Mississippi Valley Trust Co. ; trustee Xew York Life Insurance Co. ; president of Mer- chants' Exchange, St. Louis ; member executive committee, Xational Civic Federation ; Mayor of St. Louis, Governor OF FOREIGN ORDERS 63 of Missouri; Secretary of Interior, United States; Presi- dent of Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition of 1904. Member of St. Louis, University, Country, Log Cabin, Jefferson Round Table, Commercial, Noonday, Mercan- tile, Kinloch, Racquet (St. Louis), Metropolitan (Wash- ington) Clubs. Present occupation, Merchant. Created Grand Offkier. Has also Crown (Prussia), Red Eagle (Prussia), Crown (Italy). Present address, 214 N. 4th Street, St. Louis, Mo. FURBER, HENRY JEWETT, JR. Born, Green Bay, Wis. Graduated from University of Chicago, B. S., 1886 ; studied at universities of Berlin, Vienna, Leipzig, Halle (A. M. Bowdoin College; A. M. and Ph. D. magna cum laude, Halle) ; studied law at Northwestern University Law School and office of Geo. S. Steere. Professor of economics, Northwestern University; was instrumental in opening universities of France to for- eigners on same basis as those of Germany; 1st vice-presi- dent of National Life Insurance Co., Washington ; ad- mitted to bar, 1897; now member of law firm of Furber & Wakelee ; elected president of International Olympian Games of 1904. Member of Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago Bar Association, American Economic Association, American Statistical Association ; honorary member of Battery D, I. N. G. and member of the Chicago Athletic arid Chicago Yacht Clubs. 64 AMERICAN MEMBERS Wrote : Geschichte der Oekonomischen Theorien in Amerika, 1891 ; also many contributions to economical journals. Present occupation, Lawyer. Created Chevalier, 1903. Present address, 701 New York Life Building, Chicago. GAFFXEY, THOMAS ST. JOHN Born, Limerick, Ireland. Educated at Clongowes Wood College, Ireland, Royal University of Ireland. Has been strong supporter of all movements of his time in behalf of Irish Nationality. Was friend and coworker of the late Charles Stewart Parnell ; actively identified with Republican party ; secretary of McKinley League, State of New York, campaign of 1896; consul-general to Dresden. Member of American-Irish Historical Society, the Re- publican Club of New York, Knights of Columbus, Gaelic Society, and of the Anglo-American (Dresden), Royal Saxon Automobile, Touring Club of France, German Touring ( Munich) Clubs. Publications : Five Years' Retrospect of Irish Politics ; The Alleged European Coalition Against the United States During the Spanish War ; America in the Orient ; The Anglo-Japanese Treaty; frequent contributor to the magazines and journals on national and international subjects. Present occupation, Lawyer, Traveler and Publicist. Created Chevalier August, 1902. Has also Leopold (Belgium), 1905. Present address, American Consulate-General, Dresden, Saxony. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 6s GAY, WALTER Born, Hingham, Mass. Educated in Boston public schools and Roxbury Latin School ; pupil of Bonnat. Began to paint flower subjects, 1873 ; painted the large picture "Benedicite," now in Museum, Amiens, France ; "Las Cigarreras," in the Luxembourg, Paris ; also pictures in the Tate Collection, London ; Metropolitan Museum of Fine Arts, New York, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Member and Life Fellow Metropolitan Museum of Fine Arts, New York ; member of Cercle de l'Union Artistique, Societaire Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts, Societe des Amis du Louvre, Societe Nouvelle (Paris), Secession (Munich), National Institute, U. S. A. Present occupation, Artist. Created Chevalier, 1894, and Officier, 1906. Received gold medals at Antwerp, Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Paris, and Hors Concours, Paris. Present address, 73 Rue Ampere, Paris. GEORGE, HARRY (U. S. Navy) GINGNARD, WILLIAM S. (U. S. Army) HAWLEY, JOHN MITCHELL Born, Northampton, Mass. Graduated from Naval Academy, 1868. Served twenty-two years at sea, six of which in coast survey; executive officer of U. S. ship Nipsic during Samoan hurricane, 1889; first officer to establish recruiting stations in West with view of bringing Western men into 66 AMERICAN MEMBERS service ; had charge of all recruiting stations in 'West and Southwest during late war with Spain and enlisted 1,900 men; commander of Hartford, training ship for lands- men; inspector 5th Lighthouse District at Baltimore; commanded flagship Brooklyn and the Wabash ; com- mander-in-chief South Atlantic squadron; rear-admiral and retired. Present occupation, Retired Officer, U. S. N. Given Order of Legion of Honor. Present address, 1514 R Street, X.W., Washington, D. C. HAYNIE, JAMES HENRY Born, Winchester, 111. Educated grammar and high school, Winchester, 111. Enlisted 1861 in first infantry company raised in Chi- cago ; served in General Swift's expedition to Cairo, 111. ; mustered into Company D, 19th Illinois Infantry; served in army of the Cumberland; taken prisoner after being wounded at Battle of Stone River, and kept in Libby Prison several months; in several battles and many en- gagements; mustered out, 1864. Entered journalism as reporter on Chicago newspaper; foreign editor on New York Times ; went to Paris, 1877, as special correspondent for American newspapers; traveling correspondent for Boston Herald in United States; devoting time to liter- ary work ; assistant inspector-general G. A. R. ; delegate from Massachusetts to National Encampment, Saratoga. Member of Commonwealth Club and president of Play- goers' Club, Boston. Author of: Paris, Past and Present, 1902; The Cap- tains and the Kings, 1904. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 67 Present occupation, Author, Journalist. Created Officier, 1892. Has also Redeemer (Greece). Present address, Newton Center, Mass. HEMPHILL, JOSEPH NEWTON Born, Ripley, O. Graduated from U. S. Naval Academy, 1866. Was on the Monongahela, wrecked in West Indian earthquake, 1867; passed through ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, rear-admiral. Served on various duties and stations ; was at Manila during Philippine outbreak and at Venezuela during the Andrade-Castro revolution; commanding Kearsarge and chief of staff of North Atlantic fleet; cap- tain of New York Navy Yard; president of Board of In- spection and Survey; commanding Philippine squadron. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Given Order of Legion of Honor. Present address Navy Department, Washington, D. C. HIGGINSON, FRANCIS JOHN Born, Boston, Mass. Appointed to U. S. Naval Academy from Massachu- setts and graduated 1861. Passed through ranks of lieutenant, lieutenant-com- mander, commander, captain, commodore, rear-admiral. Served on Colorado, Western Gulf Blockading Squadron ; participated in bombardments and passage of Forts Jack- son and St. Philip ; engagements with Chalmette batteries, 68 AMERICAN MEMBERS and capture of New Orleans ; served Vixen, Powhatan, South Atlantic Blockading Squadron; participated in bombardment of Fort Sumter ; was on board Housatonic when she was blown up ; executive officer Franklin, Dic- tator Commander Naval Rendezvous, Boston; executive officer receiving ship Ohio ; Torpedo School, Newport ; Bureau of Ordnance ; commanded Dispatch, Miantono- moh, Monocacy, Torpedo School, Newport; Naval War College ; receiving ship New Hampshire, Atlanta ; light- house inspector ; captain of Navy Yard, Mare Island, New York Navy Yard; special duty, Navy Yard, New York; commandant Navy Yard, Washington ; commanded Mas- sachusetts during war with Spain; chairman of light- house board; commander-in-chief North Atlantic Fleet. Present occupation, Retired Naval Officer. Made Commander. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. HOLLAND, W. J. Officier, 1908. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Officier, 1904. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) HUTCHERSON, GROTE (U. S. Army) Chevalier. KELLY, EDMUND Paris, France. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 69 LANGHORNE, GEORGE T. (U. S. Army) LOOMIS, FRANCIS B. Born, Marietta, O. Graduated from Marietta College, 1883. Joined staff of New York Tribune; was State Librarian, Ohio; Washington correspondent; U. S. Consul, St. Etienne, France ; wrote extensive reports on labor situa- tion in Europe; editor-in-chief of Cincinnati Daily- Tribune; E. E. and M. P. of United States to Venezuela; was active in movement for building up American com- merce in South America; arranged for parcels post con- veyance ; opened negotiations for extradition and recipro- city treaties ; E. E. and M. P. to Portugal ; special ambas- sador to France to receive remains of John Paul Jones, 1905 ; appointed Secretary of State, U. S., ad interim. Member of Metropolitan Club, Washington. Present occupation, Journalist and Diplomatist. Grand Officier, 1904. Present address, Metropolitan Club, Washington, D. C. MacEWEN, WALTER Born in Chicago, 111., and educated under Cormon and Tony Robert-Fleury, Paris. Medalist at Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889; City of Berlin, London, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; Antwerp, 1894; Berlin, 1896; Munich, 1897; Paris Exposi- tion, 1900. Represented in Chicago Art Institute; Luxembourg, Paris ; Museum of Brussels, Liege, and Magdeburg, Budapest, Corcoran Gallery, Ghent. 70 AMERICAN MEMBERS Decorated the Hall to Reading Room in Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. At present, Artist. Created Officier, 1908, in recognition of his Art. Has also St. Michael (Bavaria) and Leopold II (Belgium). Present address, 59 Rue Galilee, Paris. MANNING, MARY M. F. Chevalier, January 30, 1901. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold). MATTHEWS (JAMES) ERANDER Born, New Orleans. Graduated from Columbia College, 1871, LL B., 1873 ; A. M., 1874 (D. C. L. University of the South, 1899; Lit. D., Yale, Columbia, 1904). Professor of Dramatic Literature, Columbia University ; President of Modern Language Association ; Trustee of Columbia University Press. Member of the Century, Authors' (New York), Athe- naeum and Saville (London) Clubs. Author of : The Theatres of Paris ; French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century; The Home Library; In Part- nership ; Margery's Lovers ; The Last Meeting ; A Secret of the Sea and Other Stories; A Gold Mine; Pen and Ink ; Cheap Books and Good Books ; American Authors and British Pirates; A Family Tree and Other Stories; On Probation ; With My Friends ; In the Vestibule Lim- ited ; A Tale of Twenty-five Hours ; Tom Paulding ; Americanisms and Briticisms ; The Decision of the OF FOREIGN ORDERS n Court; The Story of a Story; Studies of the Stage; Vignettes of Manhattan ; The Royal Marine ; This Picture and That; His Father's Son; Bookbindings, Old and New ; Introduction to the Study of American Literature ; Tales of Fantasy and Fact; Aspects of Fiction; Outlines in Local Color; Peter Stuyvesant; A Confident To-Mor- row; The Action and the Word; The Historical Novel; Parts of Speech, Essays in English; Development of the Drama; Recreations of An Anthologist; Inquiries and Opinions, 1907, etc. Present occupation, Man of Letters. Created Chevalier, January, 1907. Present address, 681 West End Avenue, New York. MELCHERS, GARI Officier, 1903. (For sketch see Bavaria, St. Michael.) MOORE, DANIEL T. (U. S. Army) MOTT, T. BENTLEY (U. S. Army) NICHOLSON, REGINALD F. (U. S. Army) NOLAN, D. E. (U. S. Army) PENFIELD, FREDERIC COURTLAND Born, Connecticut. Graduated from Russell's Military School, New Haven ; later special studies in Germany. On editorial staff of Hartford Courant ; appointed U. S. vice-consul-general at London, 1885 ; diplomatic agent and consul-general to Egypt, with rank of minister resi- 72 AMERICAN MEMBERS dent; has traveled extensively in Africa, India, China and Japan. Member of Manhattan, Authors', Players', New York Yacht (New York) ; Metropolitan (Washington) Clubs. Author of : Present Day Egypt, 1899 ; East of Suez, 1907. Frequent writer of articles on economic and inter- national subjects to various magazines. Present occupation, Author and Diplomat. Created Officier, 1904, in recognition of prominence in discussing relative merits of canal routes, leading to American Government purchasing from France all rights at Panama. Has also Medjidie (Turkey), Osmanie (Tur- key), Takova Cross (Servia), St. Catherine (Russia). Present address, 247 5th Avenue, New York. PORTER, HORACE Born, Huntingdon, Pa. Educated, Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard; gradu- ated from West Point, i860 (LL. D., Union, 1894, Prince- ton, 1906). Passed through the ranks of 2d lieutenant, 1st lieuten- ant, captain, lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp to Gen- eral Grant; colonel of staff and aide-de-camp to the gen- eral-in-chief, U. S. Army; brigadier-general. Assistant Secretary of War; executive secretary to President Grant ; became vice-president of Pullman Palace Car Co. ; was president of New York, West Shore & Buffalo R. R., St. Louis & S. F. Ry. Co. ; U. S. Ambassador to France ; orator at inauguration of Washington Arch, New York, 189s, and dedication of Grant's Tomb, New York, 1897; at inauguration of Rochambeau Statue, Washington; at Centennial of foundation of West Point Military Academy; interment of Paul Jones' body at Annapolis, OF FOREIGN ORDERS 73 1906; recovered body of Paul Jones at personal expense in Paris, 1905; delegate to Hague Peace Conference, 1907. Author of : West Point Life, i860 ; Campaigning with Grant, 1897. Member of Massachusetts Historical Society; American Geographical Society ; Order of Loyal Legion, G. A. R. ; Union League Club; New York Chamber of Commerce; Grant Monument Association, and Navy League. Present occupation, Diplomatist, Soldier. Received Grand Cross, 1904. Present address, 277 Madison Avenue, New York. RATHBONE, JARED LAWRENCE Born, Albany, N. Y. Preparatory education at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; graduated from West Point, 1865. Entered 12th Infantry and was transferred to 1st U. S. artillery; aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Schofield; resigned from army, 1873 ; developed the noted Palo Alto ranch on which the Leland Stanford, Jr., University is now located; was appointed consul-general of the United States to Paris ; served in the war with Spain as special aide at headquarters division of the Pacific, on staffs of Generals Merriam, Wesley, Merritt and Otis. Member of the Pacific Union, University, Burlingame (San Francisco) and Union (N. Y.) Clubs; and mem- ber of the Blood Horse Association and Polo Association. Present occupation, Capitalist, Soldier. Made Officier for special services rendered to France. Present address, Pacific Union Club, San Francisco, Cal. 74 AMERICAN MEMBERS RICE, EDWIN WILBUR Born at La Cross, Wis. Educated, Central High School, Philadelphia; Honor- ary A. M., Harvard University. Superintendent Thompson-Houston Electric Company. Member University Club, of Boston; Engineers' Club, New York; American Institution of Electrical Engineers, of England; Institution of Civil Engineers, of England. At present, third vice-president of the General Elec- ' trical Company. Created Chevalier, January 30, 1901, in recognition of the exhibit made at the Paris Exposition, 1900. Present address, Schenectady, N. Y. ROTCH, ABBOTT LAWRENCE Chevalier in 1889. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) RUSSELL, WILLIAM W. Secretary of legation at Caracas, and at Panama City (charge d'affaires, ad interim) ; E. E. and M. P. to Colom- bia and Venezuela since 1905. Present occupation, Diplomat. Created Commander in 1909 for looking after French „ interests in Venezuela. Present address, Caracas, Venezuela. SCHAUSS, WILLIAM New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 75 SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON Preparatory education Columbia Grammar School ; grad- uated Columbia, 1878; studied medicine in Germany. Member of banking firm of J. and W. Seligman & Co. Created Chevalier, 1910. Present occupation, Banker. Present address, 21 Broad Street, New York. SEWARD, GEORGE FREDERICK Commander in 1901 in recognition of services in sup- pressing a riot in the French quarter at Shanghai. (For sketch see Denmark, Dannenbrog.) SEYMOUR, THOMAS San Antonio, Texas. SHARP, ALEXANDER (U. S. Navy) SIMS, WINFIELD SCOTT Born, New York. Graduated from High School, Newark, N. J. Served in Civil War. Invented various devices in elec- tro-magnets ; constructed an electric motor for light work by which he was enabled to propel an open boat 16 feet long, holding six persons, at the rate of four miles an hour; was first to apply electricity for propulsion of tor- pedoes; invented the wireless dirigible torpedo; the Sims- Dudley Dynamite Gun. Present occupation, Inventor. 76 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Order of Legion of Honor. Present address, 36 Park Place, New York. SKIFF, F. J. V. Commander, 1905. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) SMITH, ROY CAMPBELL (U. S. Navy) Officier. STEINWAY, CHARLES HERMAN Educated in America and abroad. President and director of Steinway & Sons; trustee of Citizens' Savings Bank; director of Pacific Bank. Member of Larchmont Yacht, New York Athletic, Manhattan, Liederkranz, and German Clubs ; member of Academy (Stockholm, Sweden), Buffalo Historical So- ciety. Present occupation, Piano Manufacturer. Chevalier. Has also Order of the Liakat (Turkey) ; Lion and the Sun (Persia), and Red Eagle (Germany). Present address, 109 E. 14th Street, New York. STEWART, JULIUS L. Officier, August I, 1901. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) STOKES, JAMES Born in New York City and educated at New York Uni- versity and Law School. OF FOREIGN ORDERS ?7 Was Director of Trust, Fire and Life Insurance Com- panies. At present, Member of the Bar, Private Banker, Direc- tor of Philanthropic Work. Member of University, Union League and City Clubs of New York; Geographical and Historical Societies, Bath, Royal Societies and Sesame Clubs of London ; Royal Geographical Society of London, American Mem- ber of International Law Association and Victoria Insti- tute and late director of the New England Society of New York. Created Chevalier, May 14, 1894, in recognition of phil- anthropic work in Paris (Building for Young Men's Christian Association) ; largely occupied in behalf of this association in Europe as well as in America, but chiefly in Russia, France and Italy. Created OfKcier in November, 1902. Has also Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy). Present address, 49 Cedar ' Street, New York City. TAYLOR, FREDERICK WILLIAM Officier, 1904. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) THOMPSON, HOWARD Born, Columbus, O. Attended Ohio State University, B. Ph. Journalist since leaving college; Washington cor- respondent several newspapers when joined staff Asso- ciated Press; was war correspondent Cuba, Torto Rico, Spanish-American War; manager of Associated Press, St. Petersburg, Russia, and Paris, France. 78 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of American Society International Law; Sigma Chi Fraternity; Columbia Golf Club, of Washington; President of Anglo-American Press Association of Paris. Present occupation, Manager Associated Press, Paris. Created Chevalier, January i, 1910. Present address, 13 Place de la Bourse, Paris, France. TOLMAN, WILLIAM H. Chevalier, 1902. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) TOWER, CHARLEMAGNE Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H. ; graduated from Harvard, 1872 (LL.D. Lafayette, University of Chi- cago, University of Glasgow) ; studied history, foreign languages and literature in Europe; and law in Phila- delphia. President of Duluth & Iron Range R. R. and managing director of Minnesota Iron Co. ; officer and director in several corporations in Philadelphia; was trustee of Uni- versity of Pennsylvania ; appointed United States Minister to Austria-Hungary; ambassador to Russia. Member of Academy of Natural Sciences, American Philosophical Society, American Institute of Mining En- gineers. Author of : The Marquis de la Fayette in the American Revolution, 1895. Created Grand Ofncier. Present address, 228 S. 7th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 79 TUCK, EDWARD Born, Exeter, N. H. Educated Dartmouth College. Retired Banker. Member of Union Club, N. Y., Metropolitan Club, N. Y. Created member of Legion of Honor, 1905, for services rendered in beneficence to the French at home and abroad. Present address, 82 Champs Elysees, Paris. WAINWRIGHT, RICHARD Born, Washington. Educated at U. S. Naval Academy; graduated 1868; graduated from Columbian (now George Washington) University, 1884 (LL.D.). Passed through ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain. Served on Jamestown and Colorado ; at Hydrographic Office ; coast survey on Asiastic Station ; Bureau of Navigation ; Naval Academy; Chief Intelligence Office; executive officer Maine ; commanded Gloucester during Spanish War and took part in destruction of Admiral Cervera's squadron ; superintendent of Naval Academy; member of General Board. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Created Ofncier. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. 80 AMERICAN MEMBERS WARE, LEWIS S. Graduated at the ficole Centrale, Paris. Was a leader in establishing the sugar beet industry in the United States. Was the first to gratuitously distribute beet seed among Eastern farmers. Since 1874 has visited over 300 European beet sugar factories for the purpose of promoting the establishment of the beet sugar industry in this country; protested against the expensive effort of the United States Department of Agriculture in encourag- ing experiments in the manufacture of sugar sorghum, and insisted that the money should be expended for encour- agement in the cultivation of the sugar beet and the man- ufacture of sugar therefrom. Was a member of the In- ternational Jury, Paris Exposition, 1900, and there repre- sented the beet and cane sugar industries of the United States, Cuba, Hawaii, etc. Commissioner-General Liege Exposition, 1905, also Special Commissioner of Fine Arts. Member of American Philosophical Society, Franklin Institute, Association des Chem., Paris, Association of Belgian Sugar Chemists, Association des Anciens Eleves de l'Ecole Centrale, Paris, Ingenieurs Coloniaux, France. Author of : The Sugar Beet ; Study of the Various Sources of Sugar; Production, Requirements and Selec- tion of Sugar Beet Seed; Sugar Beet Seed; Cattle Feed- ing with Sugar Beets, Sugar and Molasses ; Sugar Manu- facture and Refining, 2 vols. ; Editor of The Sugar Beet (1880), monthly journal; has contributed to numer- ous journals hundreds of articles and monographs on the sugar question. Created Officier, January, 1906, for exceptional services rendered to France. Has also Merite Agricole (France), Leopold (Belgium), Camboge, Etoile Noire and Nichan Iftikhar (Tunis). OF FOREIGN ORDERS 81 Present occupation, Engineer, Editor. Present address, 54 Rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris. WESTINGARD, JENS IVERSON Created Officier in recognition of his services in con- nection with the settlement of questions between France and Siam. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE Born in Central Bridge, Schoharie County, N. Y. and educated at public and high schools and Union College. Served in Twelfth New York National Guard and Six- teenth New York Cavalry, Union Army, June, 1863— November, 1864; Assistant Engineer, United States Navy, December, 1864 — August, 1865; Inventor in 1896 of a de- vice for replacing railroad cars on the track; in 1868 the Westinghouse Air Brake, which he has since greatly im- proved; also railway signals, electric machinery; advo- cated use of alternating currents ; introduced Nernst light ; trustee Equitable Life Assurance Society. At present president of a number of industrial cor- porations. Created Chevalier, January 30, 1901, in recognition of his useful inventions. Has also Crown (Italy), and Leo- pold (Belgium). Present address, Westinghouse Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 82 AMERICAN MEMBERS WOOD, LEONARD Born, Winchester, N. H. Attended Pierce Academy, Middletown, Mass. ; M. D., Harvard Medical School, 1884 (LL. D., Harvard, 1899, Williams, 1902, University of Pennsylvania, 1903). Appointed from Massachusetts, assistant surgeon, U. S. A. ; captain assistant surgeon ; commanding colonel ; briga- dier-general ; major-general. Military Governor of Cuba; on duty in Philippine Islands since 1903 ; Governor of Moro Province," commanded Philippines Division. Present occupation, Army Officer. Created Grand Officier. Present address, War Department, Washington, D. C. of foreign orders 83 Germany anh alt— duchy ALBERT THE BEAR existed as early as 1807 but not formally promulgated by statutes until November 18, 1836, as a distinction for "meritorious subjects." According to the amended statutes of September 20, 1875, foreigners can be admitted. There are four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Commander, first class, cravat and plaque; commander, second class, cravat ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, watered green with red border. BURGESS, JOHN WILLIAM Born, Conersville, Giles Co., Tenn. Educated Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. ; graduated Amherst, 1867. Admitted to the bar, Springfield, Mass., 1869; professor of English literature and political economy, Knox Col- lege; studied history, public law and political science, Gottingen, Leipzig, Berlin; professor of history and political science, Amherst; professor of political sciences and constitutional law since 1876; dean faculty of political sciences since i8go, Columbia University; Roosevelt professor American history, Frederick Wilhelm Univer- sity, Berlin. Author of: Political Science and Comparative Con- stitutional Law (2 vols.) ; The Middle Period; The Civil War, 1902; contributor to reviews on historical, political and legal topics. Present occupation, Educator. 84 AMERICAN MEMBERS Created Chevalier. Present address, 323 W. 57th Street, New York. HILPRECHT, HERMAN VOLLRATH Created Commander, 1898, in appreciation of successful scientific investigations. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 85 Baden, Grand-Duchy THE LION OF ZAEHRINGEN was founded December 26, 1812, by the Grand Duke Charles in memory of the family name of the sovereign. Since April 28, 1877, there are in the Order four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque; Commander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, green with orange stripe near each border. VOCKE, WILLIAM First Class, December 16, 1899. (For sketch see Red Eagle.) Bavaria ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL— Founded by Joseph Clemens, Elector of Cologne and Duke of Bavaria, Sep- tember 29, 1693, as a Knightly Order exclusively for Roman Catholics of noble birth, has passed through many changes. According to the Statutes of June 24, 1855, there are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Commander, cravat and plaque on right side; Commander, cravat; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, dark blue with rose-colored borders. Festival, St. Michael's Day, September 29th. BRIDGMAN, FREDERICK ARTHUR Officier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT Born, Franklin, Ind. Studied under B. F. Hayes, in Indianapolis; J. O. Eaton, New York; A. Wagner and Piloty, Munich. Established studio in New York. Received medals and honors from Philadelphia, Paris, Munich, Paris Salon, Cleveland Art Association, Society of American Artists, 88 AMERICAN MEMBERS Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, Paris Exposition, 1900. Present occupation, Artist. Created Chevalier in recognition of achievements in Art. Present address, 224 E. 15th Street, New York. KILIANI, OTTO GEORGE THEOBALD Born, Munich, Bavaria. Graduated from gymnasium, Augsburg, 1881 ; medical education, University of Munich, Halle, Leipzig. Surgeon to 3d Royal Bavarian Artillery Regiment, Mu- nich, 1890; surgeon to consulate-general of German Em- pire, at New York; surgeon to German Hospital. Member Academy of Medicine, New York County Medical Society, German Medical Society, Medico-Sur- geon Society, Physicians' Mutual Aid Association; New York Surgeon Society, Surgeons' Society of Berlin, and of the German, New York Athletic Clubs. Author of: Surgical Diagnosis; contributor to medical journals and encyclopedias on surgical subjects. Present occupation, Surgeon. Created Chevalier. Present address 116 E. 57th Street, New York. MacEWEN, WALTER St. Michael, in recognition of achievements in Art. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 89 MacMONNIES, FREDERICK Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., and educated at Public School 35 ; Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris ; School of Fine Arts, Munich. Was member of Jury, Paris Exposition, 1900; Profes- sor of Painting and Sculpture in various Paris schools. Works of Art: Fountain, World's Columbian Exposi- tion, 1893 ; James Samuel Thomas Stranahan, Prospect Park, Brooklyn; Triumphal Arch, Brooklyn; Figure of Victory, Battle Monument, West Point; Nathan Hale, City Hall Park, New York ; Sir Harry Vane, Boston Pub- lic Library; Bronze Doors and Statue of Shakespeare, Library of Congress ; Bacchante for Fountain in Court of Boston Public Library; three Life-Size Bronze Angels, St. Paul's Church, New York; Army and Navy Groups for Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Indianapolis ; McClel- land, Washington. At present, Painter and Sculptor. Member of Society of American Artists, Architectural League, Arts Club, Players' Club, Arts and Letters. Created Chevalier, 1897, in recognition of achievements in Art. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, Giverny- Vernon, France. MELCHERS, GARI Born, Detroit, Mich. Educated in Detroit schools ; studied at Academy, Dus- seldorf, Germany, and in Paris at ficole des Beaux Arts and under Lefebvre and Boulanger. Pictures in Public Galleries : Musee de Louxembourg, National Gallery, Berlin; Royal Gallery, Dresden; Royal Gallery, Munich ; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 90 AMERICAN MEMBERS Philadelphia ; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg ; Mural Deco- rations, Peace and War (Congressional Library, Wash- ington) ; portrait, Charles Hutchinson (Art Institute of Chicago). Among other portraits: President William Rainey Harper, Potter Palmer, David Jones, Donald Mitchell, Maurice Chevrier, Baroness Huene. Member of the Royal Academy, Berlin; International Society of Painters and Sculptors, London; National Institute of Arts and Letters, Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts, Paris ; Royal Society of Austrian Painters, Vienna ; Secession, Munich. Present occupation, Artist Painter. Made Officier, 1895. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 173 Seyburn Avenue, Detroit, Mich. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 91 Hesse PHILIPP THE GOOD, an Order of merit, was founded May 1, 1840, by the Grand Duke Louis II. By the statutes of March 14, 1876, it has four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque ; Commander, Second Class, cravat ; Chevalier, First Class, cross with rosette ; Cheva- lier, Second Class, cross. Ribbon red with blue border. Motto — Si Dens nobiscum quis contra nos. ELLIOT, DANIEL G. Chevalier. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) Prussia THE ORDER OF THE PRUSSIAN CROWN was established on October 18, 1861, by Emperor William, in commemoration of his Coronation Day. The decoration is given as a reward for meritorious service in peace or in war, and for bravery in the presence of the enemy. It ranks with the Order of the Red Eagle, and in Prussia it is not displaced by any other decoration. When worn with the Red Eagle of equal class, the last conferred is placed above the first. There are four classes : First Class, scarf from left shoulder to right hip and plaque ; Second Class, cravat ; Third Class, enameled cross on lapel; Fourth Class, gilt cross on lapel. Ribbon, dark blue. Festival day, January 14th. ADAMS, EDWARD DEAN Born, Boston, Mass. Educated, Norwich University, Northfield, Vt. Traveled two years in Europe ; bookkeeper and cashier ; member of banking firm of Richardson, Hill & Co., Bos- ton; Winslow, Lanier & Co., New York; identified with organizations of numerous railway companies and reor- ganizations among others ; chairman board of directors and president of the most important allied organizations of American Cotton Oil Co. ; president Cataract Construc- tion Co. ; reorganized Northern Pacific system, and became chairman board of directors ; representative of Deutsche Bank, Berlin ; director in large corporations ; trustee of Metropolitan Museum of Art. 94 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of many artistic, scientific and social organi- zations. At present, Financier. Given Second Class. Present address, 455 Madison Avenue, New York. BAUMBACH, WILHELM HERMAN vox Born in Cassel, Prussia. Educated at the Gymnasium of Rinteln and Hersfeld. Has been Consul to Austria-Hungary and Saxony and Vice-Consul to Germany, Bavaria, Baden, Mecklenburg, and Oldenburg. At present a Retired Banker. Given Fourth Class, July 19th. Has also Ernestine (Saxe-Coburg). Present address, 135 Eleventh Street, Milwaukee, Wis. BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Born in Goerlitz, Germany. Educated at Sophia Gymnasium, Berlin. ■Was on committee of extension of pierhead lines, for improving various waterways and the advancement, in general, of facilities for water transportation in the United States; member Xew York Civic Federation, Chamber of Commerce of State of Xew York, Board of Trade and Transportation, Maritime Association, Xew York Produce Exchange, various German societies and charitable associations; Fellow American Geographical Society, American Statistical Society, American Ethno- logical Society, American Academy of Political and So- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 95 cial Science, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New York Zoological Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Museum of Natural History, American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Author of Seemacht. Club membership in New York Yacht, New York Ath- letic, Lotos, Fairfield County, National Arts, Deutscher Verein, Lawyers', Unitarian, Leiderkranz, St. Maurice Fish and Game Clubs. Present occupation, Manager Hamburg-American Line ; President Atlas Line S. S. Co. Given Third Class, January 27, igoi. Has also Red Eagle (Prussia), St. Olaf (Norway), Redeemer (Greece), Sts. Maurice and Lazarus (Italy), Francis Jo- seph (Austria), Medjidie (Turkey), Osmanie (Turkey), Bolivar (Venezuela). Present address, 37 Broadway, New York. BOLDT, GEORGE C. President Waldorf-Astoria Hotel Co., Waldorf-Astoria Sugar Co., Waldorf Importation Co. ; Director Common- wealth Trust Co., Lincoln Trust Co., Trust Company of America, United Agency Co.; proprietor Bellevue-Strat- ford Hotel, Philadelphia. Member of Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Fine Arts Society, Suburban Riding and Driving Club. Present occupation, Hotel Proprietor. Given Fourth Class in 1902. Present address, The Waldorf-Astoria, New York. 96 AMERICAN MEMBERS BOYD, GEORGE WASHINGTON Born, Indianapolis, Ind. Educated Northwestern University, Indianapolis. Began railway service as clerk, 1863; held various posi- tions Pennsylvania Railroad; assistant general passenger agent; general passenger agent Pennsylvania Railroad. Member of Union League Club. Present occupation, General Passenger Agent, Penn- sylvania R. R. Given Second Class in 1904. Present address, Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Pa. BOYLE, WILBUR FISK Born, Brook County, W. Va. Educated Masonic College, Lexington, Mo. ; Central College, Fayette, Mo. ; Asbury University, Greencas- tle, Ind. Member of law firm of Boyle & Priest ; director Missis- sippi Valley Trust Co. ; member of American, Missouri State, St. Louis Bar Associations, St. Louis Academy of Sciences, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis Country, and St. Louis Noonday Clubs. Given Second Class in 1904. Present address, 300 National Bank of Commerce Building, St. Louis, Mo. BREMER, OTTO Fourth Class. St. Paul, Minn. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 97 BRIESEN, ARTHUR VON Fourth Class, December 19, 1907, in recognition of services rendered German subjects by the Legal Aid So- ciety. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) BUCK, CHARLES F. Born in Durrheim, Baden. Educated in public schools and Louisiana State Uni- versity. Has figured prominently in city corporations ; was attor- ney for State two terms and a member of the 54th Congress. Writer of political speeches and addresses for special occasions; Garfield Memorial Address, Washington Cen- tennial Inauguration Address. Member Pickwick Club; Chess, Checkers and Whist Club ; Grand Master Mason of Louisiana. At present, Lawyer. Given Third Class, September 21, 1902, in recognition of services to German Charitable Association, etc. Present address, 1320 Valence Street, New Orleans, La. COAKLEY, J. J. CONRIED, HEINRICH Born, Bielitz, Austria. Graduated from Oberrealschule, Vienna ; A. A., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. 98 AMERICAN MEMBERS Was engaged in management of theatrical and operatic companies for four years ; manager of Irving Place The- atre and of Metropolitan Opera House; honorary member of board on Germanic languages and literature at Har- vard and Vassar. Member of Progress and Harmonie Clubs. Present occupation, Theatrical Manager. Given Third Class, 1900. Has also Francis Joseph (Austria), Crown (Italy). Present address, 65 W. 71st Street, New York. COURT, EMIL Born, Siegburg, Prussia. Educated at High School and Gymnasium at Siegburg. President of Deutscher Kriegerbund of Wisconsin; 1st vice-president of Schiller-Goethe Monument Associa- tion, Milwaukee; ten years captain of Deutscher Land- wehr Maenner Verein. Editor of Souvenir of four Old Settlers' Clubs of Mil- waukee, and Souvenir of twenty-fifth anniversary of Deutscher Landwehr Maenner Verein, Milwaukee, Wis. Member of I. O. O. F., Lodge 145, Milwaukee German Veteran Association. Present occupation, Member of Staff of "Germanic Herald Association." Given Fourth Class, June, 1908, for reception and speech in honor of Prince Henry and reception and speech in honor of General von Loewenfeld and Count von Schmettois, sent by Emperor William II of Ger- many. Present address, 594 Prospect Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 99 DEERING, JAMES Born in Maine. Educated at Northwestern University and Massachu- setts Institute of Technology. At present, Officer International Harvester Company. Given Third Class in appreciation of services in ex- tending foreign trade. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 10 West 43d Street, New York City. DEILER, JOHN HANNO Born, Altoetting, Upper Bavaria, Germany. Graduated, Royal Normal College, Freising; studied at Royal Polytechnic Institute, Munich. Teacher of public schools, Munich, until 1871 ; principal German school, New Orleans ; founder of German Archives and of German singing societies in New Or- leans, La. ; president since 1896 of National Union "Northamerican Saengerbund" ; president of German Society for Protection of German Immigrants ; president New Orleans Quartette Club and New Orleans German Gazette Publishing Co. Author of : Das Redemptions-System im Staate Louis- iana; Geschichte der Deutschen Kirchengemeinden im Staate Louisiana ; Geschicte der Einwanderrung von 1820- 1896 ; Louisiana, ein Heim fur Deutsche Ansiedler ; Geschichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft von New Or- leans ; Geschichte der Deutschen Presse in New Or- leans ; Eine vergessene deutsche Colonie ; Die er- sten Deutschen am unteren Mississippi und die Creolen deutscher Abstammung; contributor to New Or- loo AMERICAN MEMBERS leans German Gazette and American editor Deutsche Erde, and other papers of Germany and United States. Present occupation, Professor of German in University of Louisiana and Tulane University. Given Third Class, December is, 1898. Present address, 4400 Canal Street, New Orleans, La. ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM Born, Boston, Mass. Educated, Boston Latin School ; Harvard University, Princeton, Yale, Johns Hopkins Universities. Tutor in mathematics, Harvard; assistant professor of mathematics and chemistry, Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard ; investigated educational methods in Europe ; professor analytical chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; president of Harvard University. Member and Fellow American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; American Philosophical Society. Author : Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis ; Manual of Inorganic Chemistry; Five American Contri- butions to Civilization, and Other Essays ; Educational Reform; Charles Eliot — Landscape Architect; Annual Reports of the President of Harvard University; More Money for the Public Schools ; John Gilley ; The Happy Life ; Four American Leaders. Present occupation, President Emeritus of Harvard University. Given First Class, 1909, in recognition of services to education. Has also Legion of Honor (France) and Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, 17 Quincy Street, Cambridge, Mass. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 101 FRANCIS, DAVID ROWLAND First Class, 1904. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) FRANC KE, KUNO Born, Kiel, Germany. Graduated from Gymnasium, Kiel. 1873 (Ph. D„ Uni- versity of Munich, 1878; LL. D., University of Wisconsin, 1904). Professor of history of German culture and curator of Germanic Museum, Harvard. Member of American Philosophical Society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Modern Language Asso- ciation of America. Author of : Zur Geschicte der Schulpoesie des 12 Jahr hunderts, 1878; De Hymno in Cererem Homerico, 1880; Libelli de Lite Imperatorum et Pontificum, 1892 ; Social Forces in German Literature, 1896; Glimpses of Modern German Culture, 1889; History of German Literature, 1901 ; Handbook of the Germanic Museum, 1906; Ger- man Ideals of Today, 1907. Present occupation, Educator. Given Second Class. Has also Red Eagle (Prussia). Present address, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. GIER, THEODOR Born at Peine (Hannover), Germany. Educated in High School at Peine, Germany. 102 AMERICAN MEMBERS Was president of the Merchants' Exchange; president of Oakland, St. Louis, Portland, Lewis and Clarke Expo- sition and Alameda Commissions ; has been the director of the Chamber of Commerce; director of the Merchants' Exchange (Past President) ; director of Security Bank Trust Company. Fellow of Union League Club, of S. F. ; Union League, Oakland ; Elks' Club, Oakland ; and many others. Present occupation, President Theo. Gier Wine Com- pany, Oakland and San Francisco, Cal. Given Fourth Class, January 27, 1903, in recognition of services rendered the German Government. Present address, 511-515 14th Street, Oakland, Cal. GUENZEL, LOUIS Born, Coeslin, Germany. Educated at Gymnasium in Coeslin and Munich, Poly- technic Schools in Munich and Charlottenburg. Member of City Club, of Chicago; Illinois Athletic Club, Chicago. Present occupation, Architect. Given Fourth Class, 1902. Present address, 1136-115 Adams Street, Chicago, 111. HOCH, EDMUND S. Born, Cape Girardeau, Mo. Educated at St. Vincent's College, Girardeau, Mo. Assistant Secretary Lafayette Memorial Association ; secretary Illinois Auxiliary McKinley Memorial Asso- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 103 ciation; assistant to director of exhibits at Universal Ex- position, 1904. Associate editor, report of Paris Exposition, 1900 ; Uni- versal Exposition, 1904 ; various magazine articles ; "St. Louis and its Exposition." Fellow Universal Brotherhood of Biblographers. Present occupation, Journalist. Given Fourth Class in recognition of services rendered at the Universal Exposition, 1904. Officier d'Acadamie of France. Present address, care of F. J. V. Skiff, Field Museum, Chicago, 111. HOFMANN, JULIUS Born, Friedberg Hesse. Educated, Giessen, Licentiate in Theology. Minister of the Gospel; instructor at Johns Hopkins University. Present occupation, Pastor of Zion Church. Given Fourth Class, 1905, for services rendered to church. Present address, 1023 W. Lanvale Street, Baltimore, Md. HOLLAND, WILLIAM JACOB Born, Bethany, Jamaica, West India. (American parents.) Graduated from Amherst College, 1869 (A. M., 1872 ; D. D., 1888) ; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1874 (Ph. D., 1886; Sc. D., 1902; Washington and Jefferson; LL. D., Dickenson, 1896; N. Y. University, 1897; St Andrews University, 1905). 104 AMERICAN MEMBERS Chancellor Western University of Pennsylvania; since 1897 director of Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg, Pa. ; natu- ralist United States Eclipse Expedition to Japan, 1887, and to West Africa, 1889 ; regarded as authority upon zoology and museum administration; president Entomological So- ciety, Western Pennsylvania; fellow Zoological and En- tomological Society of London. Member of entomological societies of Washington, New York, Cambridge, Germany, France; Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Huguenot Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia ; member of University, Union (Pittsburg), Cosmos (Washington), and Authors' (N. Y.) Clubs. Author of : The Butterfly Book ; The Moth Book, and of many scientific papers published by the United States Government, the Zoological Society of London; editor "Annals" and "Memoirs," Carnegie Museum. Present occupation. Director Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burg, Pa. Given Third Class, May 16, 1908, for services rendered the cause of science and more particularly Paleontology and Entomology. Has also Legion of Honor (France), June 15, 1908; Francis Joseph, September, 1909 (Aus- tria) ; Crown (Italy), February, 1910. Present address, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. JUDSON, HARRY PRATT Born, Jamestown, N. Y. Graduated from Williams College, 1870; A. M., 1883 (LL. D., 1893; LL. D., Queens University, Can., 1903). Teacher and principal high school, Troy, N. Y. ; profes- sor history, University of Minnesota; head professor OF FOREIGN ORDERS 105 political science and dean of the faculties of arts, litera- ture and science ; president since 1907, University of Chicago ; was co-editor American Historical Review. Author of : History of the Troy Citizens' Corps ; Caesar's Army; Caesar's Commentaries; Europe in the Nineteenth Century; The Growth of the American Na- tion ; The Higher Education as a Training for Business ; The Latin in English; This Mississippi Valley; The Young American; The Government of Illinois; Graded Literature Readers ; The Essentials of a Written Con- stitution. Member of University Club, Union League Club, The Cliff Dwellers, Chicago Literary Club, City Club, Hamil- ton Club and Homewood Country Club. Present occupation, President University of Chicago ; Professor and Head of Department of Political Science. Given Second Class. Present address, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. JUNG, FRANZ AUGUST RICHARD Born, Suhl, Germany. Educated at Leipzig. Has written numerous articles published in various American and German journals. Member of the Medical Society, D. C. ; Medical Asso ciation, D. C. ; American National Medical Association and University Club, Washington, D. C. Present occupation, Physician and Specialist for Dis- eases of the Stomach. io6 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Fifth Class, May 30, 1905, for scientific achieve- ments. Has also St. Stanislaus (Russia). Present address, 1229 Connecticut Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. KLASSIG, EMIL Given Fourth Class. New York City. MENZEL, P. A. Given Fourth Class. Washington, D. C. MORSCH, JULIUS Given Fourth Class. St. Paul, Minn. MUCKLE, MARK RICHARDS Given Third Class. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 107 MUNSTERBERG, HUGO Born, Danzig, Germany. Graduated from Danzig Gymnasium, 1882 ; post-gradu- ate studies in philosophy, natural sciences and medicine in Leipzig and Heidelberg, 1882-7; Ph. D., Leipzig, 1885; M. D., Heidelberg, 1887 (A. M., Harvard, 1901 ; LL. D., Washington University, 1904). Instructor University of Freiburg, Germany; assistant professor University of Freiburg; professor of psychol- ogy and director of psychological laboratory, Harvard. Member of American Psychological Association; American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; Washington Academy of Sciences; American Philosophical Society; Boston Authors' Club, etc. Author of : Psychology and Life ; Grundzuege der Psychologie; also other works in German; American Traits; The Americans; Principles of Art Education; Eternal Life; Science and Idealism; contributor to maga- zines, educational and psychological publications ; editor of Harvard psychological studies since 1903. Present occupation, Psychologist, Educator and Author. Given Second Class. Has also Red Eagle (Prussia). Present address, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. OCKERSON, JOHN A. Third Class, 1904. (For sketch see Vasa, Sweden.) 108 AMERICAN MEMBERS PEABODY, FRANCIS GREENWOOD Born, Boston, Mass. Graduated from Harvard, 1869; Harvard Divinity- School, 1872 (D. D., Yale). Pastor of First Parish Church, Cambridge; Parkman professor of theology, Harvard Divinity School. Author of : Mornings in the College Chapel ; Short Addresses to Young Men on Personal Religion ; Found- ers' Day at Hampton ; Afternoons in the College Chapel ; Jesus Christ and the Social Question; Happiness; Reli- gion of an Educated Man; Jesus Christ and the Chris- tian Character. Present occupation, Plummer Professor of Christian Morals. Given Second Class. Present address, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. PFEIFFER, HEINRICH Born, Germany. Educated Real-Schule in Biedenkoff, Germany. Member of Deutscher Kriegerbund of North America; United German Societies of New York; Deutscher Krie- ger-Bund, New York. At present, General Agent, Equitable Life Assurance Society of United States. Given Fourth Class for prominence in German-Ameri- can Societies of New York. Present address, 537 East 144th Street, New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 109 PRIM, FRANCIS Born, Trier, Germany. Educated public schools of Germany; University of Louvain, Belgium, and the American College, Louvain, Belgium. Was secretary to the late Archbishop Fr. Janssens, of New Orleans ; Chancellor of the Archdiocese of New Orleans under Archbishop P. L. Chapelle. Author of : "Mary the Mother of Jesus" ; owner and editor of the "Morning Star" since 1903. Member of Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Knights of America. Given Fourth Class, June 24, 1904. At present, Pastor of the Mater Doloroso Congregation, New Orleans. Present address, 919 Cambronne, New Orleans, La. REICK, WILLIAM CHARLES Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Attended Harvard University. Entered newspaper work at Philadelphia ; editor Lon- don and Paris editions of New York Herald ; city editor New York Herald ; president of New York Herald Co. ; president of Public Ledger Co., of Philadelphia; one of principal owners of New York Times. Member of Metropolitan Club. Present occupation, Journalist. Given Second Class. Present address, The Times, New York. no AMERICAN MEMBERS REISINGER, HUGO Born in Wiesbaden, Germany. Educated at Prussian Gymnasium, Wiesbaden, Ger- many. Honorary Commissioner to Europe for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. Author of articles in German monthlies on "German Art in America." Member German Club of New York; National A.rts Club; Metropolitan Museum of Art; Garden City Golf Club, and Germanistic Society of New York. At present, Merchant. Given Second Class, December, 1904, for services ren- dered to the German Government in the capacity of Hon- orary Commissioner to Europe for the Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. Present address, 18 West 74th Street, New York City. ROTCH, ABBOTT LAWRENCE Born, Boston, Mass. Educated, Chauncey High School, Boston; Massachu- setts Institution of Technology ; Harvard University. Established and since maintained the Blue Hill Meteoro- logical Observatory near Boston; member of Interna- tional Jury of Awards at Paris Exposition, 1889; taken part in various scientific expeditions in United States, South America, Europe and Africa; librarian, American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; American member of International Commission on Clouds and Aeronautics. OF FOREIGN ORDERS m Author of: Observations and Investigations at Blue Hill, in the Annals of Harvard College; Sounding the Ocean of Air, and numerous articles for scientific journals. Member of French Alpine Club, Century and University Club of New York, Cosmos, Washington, and many American and foreign scientific organizations. At present, Director of Blue Hill Observatory. Given Third Class for efforts to advance the knowledge of the atmosphere, October 27, 1902. Has also Red Eagle (Prussia) and Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 235 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. RUBENS, HARRY Born, Vienna, Austria. Educated, public schools ; graduated from Polytechnic School, Vienna, 1867. Engaged in journalism as city editor on Westliche Post, St. Louis ; associated with Joseph Keppler, artist, in founding at St. Louis the comic journal "Puck," now of New York; private secretary to United States Senator Carl Schurz; assistant secretary Missouri State Senate; was local editor of Chicago Freie Presse, later with Chi- cago Times and Evening Mail ; studied law ; admitted to Illinois bar; was member and president of Chicago Pub- lic Library; was attorney for liquor dealers' State and National associations ; delegate to National Democratic Convention; counsel for Chicago Board of Education; corporation counsel, Chicago ; general counsel for Repub- lican Iron and Steel Co., United Breweries Co., and other large corporations ; counsel to consulate-general of Aus- tria-Hungary at Chicago ; president of Germania Club ; was judge advocate-general, Illinois State Militia. ii2 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Third Class, 1902. Has also Iron Crown (Aus- tria). Present address, First National Bank Building, Chi- cago, 111. SCHIRMER, GOTTFRIED Fourth Class. Denver, Colo. SCHLENKER, JOSEPH Born in Schwennigen, Wurttemberg. Educated, public schools in native country and business school in Chicago, 111. Member of Deutscher Krieg Verein von Chicago. At present, Insurance Broker. Given Fourth Class, October 27, 1904. Has also Fred- erick (Wurttemberg). Present address, residence, 375 Oak Street; office, 120- 122 E. Randolph Street, Room 701, Chicago, 111. SCHMIDT, WILHELM Fourth Class, 1902. Chicago, 111. SECKENDORFF, M. G. Born, Brussels, Belgium. Educated in private schools of Germany. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 113 Entered the German Navy and served in it during the Franco-German War; journalist since 1880; chief Wash- ington Bureau of New York Tribune ; Washington Times. Present occupation, Journalist. Present address, Ramseys, N. J. SMITH, WILLARD ADELBERT Born in Kenosha, Wis. Educated at public schools, Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, 111., and Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Was chief, Department of Transportation Exhibits, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893; director of trans- portation and civil engineer for American Commission to Paris Exposition, 1900 ; delegate of United States, De- partment of State, to International Railway Congress, 1900; chief, Department of Transportation Exhibits, St. Louis Universal Exposition, 1904 ; delegate, State Depart- ment of United States, to International Railway Con- gress, Washington, 1905. Member Western Society of Engineers, American So- ciety of Railway Superintendents, American Railway Master Mechanics' Association, Master Car Builders' Association, Road Masters' and Maintenance of Way As- sociation, National Carriage Builders' Association ; mem- ber Union League Club, Chicago ; trustee University of Chicago ; patron and honorary curator, Field-Columbian Museum, Chicago. At present, Proprietor and Editor of the Railway and Engineering Review (Weekly), Chicago. Given Third Class, 1905, in appreciation of services rendered in connection with the Universal Exposition at St. Louis, 1904. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, Manhattan Building, Chicago, 111. 114 AMERICAN MEMBERS STONE, MELVILLE ELIJAH Given Second Class in recognition of literary activities. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) THALMAN, ERNST Second Class. New York City. TOLMAN, WILLIAM H. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) VACH, WILLIAM E. Born, Germany. Attended normal school and college. Twice national president of German Veteran Associa- tion of North America. Member of Board of German Aliens ; Deutscher Land- wehr Verein; Prussian Verein; Waterway Club; Knights of Phithias. Present occupation, Retired Merchant. Given Fourth Class, June 17, 1904, for interest taken in the German-American welfare. Present address, 1234 Old Manchester Road, St. Louis, Mo. VOCKE, WILLIAM Third Class, June, 1902. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 115 WACHSMANN-WACHSNER, LOUIS Fourth Class. Chicago, 111. WARD, GEORGE GRAY Born in England. Educated privately at Cambridge, England. Associated with late John W. Mackay in organizing the Atlantic and Pacific submarine cables of the Commer- cial Cable Co. ; vice-president and general manager Com- mercial Co., Commercial Pacific Cable Co. ; vice-president Postal Telegraph-Cable Co. ; The Mackay Co. ; president United States and Hayti Cable Co. Member of American Institute of Electrical Engineers ; honorary treasurer for United States of Institute Electrical Engineers of England; member of Union and Down Town Clubs. Present occupation, Capitalist. Given Third Class in 1900 in connection with laying submarine cable between United States and Germany. Has also Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, 253 Broadway, New York. WILLIMS, FERD Fourth Class. St. Paul, Minn. n6 AMERICAN MEMBERS WOODFORD, STEWART LYNDON Born, New York. Graduated from Columbia, 1854 (A. M., Yale and Co- lumbia; also LL. D., Trinity, and D. C. L., Syracuse). Practiced law ; messenger presidential electorial college ; assistant United States District Attorney, Southern Dis- trict, New York ; in Union Army ; run for Governor ; president of Electoral College ; member of Congress ; United States District Attorney, Southern District, New York; United States Minister to Spain; president of Hudson-Fulton Commission. Present occupation, Diplomat. Given First Class. Has also Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, 18 Wall Street, New York. THE ORDER OF THE RED EAGLE was originally founded in 1705 by George William, Hereditary Prince of Anspach as "L'Ordre de la Sincerite," to which were ad- mitted only those persons who could prove a noble descent of eight generations. Originally there was but one class, but by the statute amended June 12, 1892, there are five classes : First Class, scarf and plaque; Second Class, cravat; Third Class, Cravat; Fourth Class, cross with rosette on lapel ; Fifth Class, cross on lapel. Ribbon, white with orange stripe near each border. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 117 BEAN, TARLETON HOFFMAN Born in Bainbridge, Lancaster County, Pa. Educated at First State Normal School, Millersville, Pa. ; Columbian University, Washington, D. C. ; Indiana State University, Bloomington, Ind. Was Curator, Honorary Curator and Editor, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; Editor, Ich- thyologist and Assistant in charge of Division of Fish Culture, United States Fish Commission, Washington, D. C. ; Representative of United States Fish Commission in Government Board, World's Columbian and Atlanta Expositions ; Director of the Aquarium of New York City; Director of Forestry and Fisheries of United States at Paris, 1900, and St. Louis, 1904. Author of Salmon and Salmon Fisheries of Alaska, 1890; The Fishes of Pennsylvania, 1893; Oceanic Ich- thyology, 1896 ; The Fishes of New York, 1902 ; The Fishes of Bermuda 1906; Numerous articles on birds and fishes from 1877 to 1910. At present State Fish Culturist. Member of Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. ; Danish Fisheries Society, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. Given Fourth Class in 1904. Has also Legion of Honor (France), and Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, 1 Madison Avenue, New York. BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Given Fourth Class, May 20, 1897. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) n8 AMERICAN MEMBERS DUVEEN, HENRY JOSEPH Fourth Class, 1906, in appreciation of the interest taken in the Berlin Museum of Art. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) FISHER, GUSTAV Fourth Class, 1902. Chicago, 111. FLEISCHMANN, JULIUS Third Class, 1902. Present address, 3555 Washington Ave., Avondale, Cin- cinnati, O. FRANCIS, DAVID ROWLAND Third Class. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) FRANCKE, KUNO Third Class. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) GRISCOM, CLEMENT ACTON (For sketch, see Holland, Orange-Nassau.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 119 GUTSCH, GUSTAV Born, Tribsees, Province of Pommerania, Prussia. Educated at Universities of Rome, Geneva, Switzerland, Munich, Berlin. Acquired degree of J. U. D. at Leipsic, 1883. Attorney at law since 1887 at San Francisco ; attorney for the German Consulate at San Francisco since 1891. Was in Prussian Government service as "Referendar" in 1883. Engaged in general practice of law at San Fran- cisco. Member of Union League Club and other societies. Present occupation, Attorney at law. Given Fourth Class, March 27, 1906, for services ren- dered to German Consulate at San Francisco continuously since 1891 (as its attorney). Present address, Chronicle Building, San Francisco, Cal. HEXAMER, CHARLES JOHN Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated Eastburn Academy, University of Pennsyl- vania. Was President of German Society of Pennsylvania; President of the German American Historical Society ; President of National German American Alliance ; pat- entee of a number of inventions. Member of Geographical Society, Franklin Institute, Chemical Society, Berlin, Pennsylvania Historical So- ciety. 120 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of numerous essays on scientific, technical and historical subjects; a work on Spontaneous Combus- tion. Present occupation, Civil Engineer and Technical Ex- pert. Given Fourth Class, 1904, for the diffusion of German culture in America. Present address, 419 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. HIRSCHBERG, FRANCIS D. Born, St. Louis, Mo. Educated Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Member of the St. Louis Club ; Country Club and various others. Present occupation, interested in insurance. Given Fourth Class, in recognition of services ren- dered as Chairman of Committee on Reception and En- tertainment, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 1905. Has also Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, 3818 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo. KIELY, MATHEW Born, County of Limerick, Ireland. Educated at Parochial School. Police officer by appointment, was Chief of Police, St. Louis, Mo., on the occasion of the visit of Prince Henry. Has passed through all grades from Patrolman to Chief. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 121 Member of Knights of Columbus. Present occupation, Chief of Kiely Secret Service Agency. Given Fourth Class, July 19, 1902, by Prince Henry in commemoration of his visit and protection rendered by the department. Present address, 6th and Olive Streets, St. Louis, Mo. LOEWY, WILHELM Born, Breslau, Prussia. Educated in Breslau Schools. Member of Assembly of State of California, 1862, for San Francisco ; County Clerk of San Francisco. Present occupation, Attorney at law. Given Fourth Class, 1906. Has been attorney for the Consulate of the North German Confederation and for the Imperial German Consulate since the foundation of the Empire. Present address, Royal Insurance Building, 201 San- some Street, San Francisco, Cal. McCALLA, BOWMAN HENDRY Born, Camden, N. J. Educated Nazareth Hall and United States Naval Academy. Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1864 and since then has served in various capacities ranging from Mid- shipman to Rear Admiral. 122 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Second Class, November, 1900, in appreciation of bravery in the Boxer War in China. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. McCHESNEY, W. S., JR. Cynthiana, Ky. Educated at Kentucky University. President of Terminal R. R. Association, St. Louis. Member of St. Louis Club, Raquet Club, Country Club and Field Club. Present occupation, President of Terminal R. R. Asso- ciation of St. Louis. Given Fourth Class, 1902. Present address, St. Louis, Mo. McGIBBONS, JOHN H. Fourth Class, 1904. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) MUCKLfi, MARK RICHARDS Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated Public Schools and Commercial College. Was connected with The Public Ledger, Philadelphia, for 55 years, as errand boy, clerk, cashier and general manager. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 123 Member of Art Club, Academy of Fine Arts, Perm Club, Franklin Institute, Historical Society of Penn- sylvania, Philadelphia Yacht Club, American Academy of Political and Social Science, and numerous Musical, Social and Charitable Organizations. At present, retired. Given Third Class September 12, 1883, for assisting in the restoration of the Imperial University and National Library, Strassburg, after destruction by the French and German troops in the war of 1870 and 1871 ; has also Crown (Prussia). Present address, 1722 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. MULLER, RICHARD Fourth Class. New York City. MUNSTERBERG, HUGO Given Second Class. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) OHAGE, JUSTUS Fourth Class. St. Paul, Minn. PACHE, JOSEPH Fourth Class. Baltimore, Md. 124 AMERICAN MEMBERS PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE Born in Boston, Mass. Educated at Brimmer School and Park Latin School, and Atelier Leon Bonnat, Paris. Was First Vice-President of Society of American Painters, Paris ; Member of Jury of Awards, Paris Expo- sition, 1889; Chairman Paris Advisory Committee and Jury of Reception, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; Commissioner delegated by Artists, United States Sec- tion, Antwerp, Exposition, 1894; President United States Committee of Participation at the Berlin and Copen- hagen Expositions. Paintings as follows : Porteuse d' Eau and Prelude, Decapitation of John the Baptist, La Priere, La Bergere, Decorations for Congressional Library, Washington. At present, Painter. Member of National Institute of Art and Letters, Paris Society of American Painters, Society of American Ar- tists, Salmagundi Club. Given Fourth Class, 1897, in recognition of achieve- ments in Art. Has also Leopold I (Belgium), Legion of Honor (France), Dannebrog (Denmark). Present address, 42 Rue Fontaine, Paris. POLL, MAX Born, Danzig, Germany. Educated at Universities of Strassburg, Berlin, Leipsic and Munich. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 125 Instructor in German, Harvard University, and in Uni- versity of Cincinnati. Author of many articles on German literature. Member of the Modern Language Association. Present occupation, Professor of Germanic Languages, University of Cincinnati. Received Fourth Class, December, 1909, for service in interest of German literature and culture in America. Present address, University of Cincinnati, Cincin- nati, Ohio. POST, GEORGE EDWARD Born, New York City. Educated College of the City of New York, University of New York Medical College, Union Theological Sem- inary. Has served as Surgeon to Johanniter Hospital, Beirut, Syria, Municipality Hospital, Hospital of St. George, all in Syria. At present Professor of Surgery, Syrian Protestant College. Given Third Class in recognition of services in the Johanniter Hospital, Beirut. Present address, Beirut, Syria. RICHTER, CLEMENS Fourth Class. San Francisco, Cal. 126 AMERICAN MEMBERS ROBINSON, EDWARD Born, Boston, Mass. Graduated from Harvard, 1879; studied five years in Europe (LL.D., University of Aberdeen, Scotland, 1905)- Curator, classical antiquities ; director of Boston Mu- seum of Fine Arts ; Assistant Director of Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Lecturer on Classical Ar- chaeology, Harvard ; engaged in selecting and arrang- ing collections in Slater Memorial Museum, Norwich, Conn. ; selection and purchase of collection of casts for Metropolitan Museum of Art, N. Y. ; Secretary of Art Commission of City of Boston; selection and arrange- ment of collection of casts in Springfield Art Museum. Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Archaeological Institute of America, American Oriental Society, American Institute of Architects. Author of catalogue of Greek and Roman casts and Greek, Etruscan and Roman Vases in Boston Museum of Art. Wrote, Did the Greeks Paint Their Sculptures? Annual Reports of the Acquisitions in the Department of Classical Antiquities, in Annual Reports of Trustees, Mu- seum of Fine Arts. Present occupation, Art Director. Given Third Class. Present address, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. ROGERS, HOWARD J. Third Class, 1904. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 127 ROTCH, ABBOTT LAWRENCE Third Class, October 16, 1905. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) SCHROERS, JOHN Born in Germany. Educated at Aix-la-Chappelle. Was Manager of three newspapers; President of Board of Education; Director in the World's Fair organiza- tion, and moving spirit in its departments of education ; President of the Choral Symphony Society, Member of the Board of Visitors of the Military Academy at West Point; Reporter and later City Editor of the Anzeiger des Western ; two years later Business Manager ; Gen- eral Manager of three German publications in St. Louis. Present occupation, Publisher and President Morn- ing Journal, New York. Given Third Class, 1904, for service as Director St. Louis World's Fair. Present address, 18 Spruce Street, New York. SCHWAB, GUSTAV HENRY Given Third Class, 1902. (For sketch see Italy, Saints Maurice and Lazarus.) SIGSBEE, CHARLES DWIGHT Born, Albany, New York. Graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1863. Passed through the ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, rear admiral. 128 AMERICAN MEMBERS Served on the Monongahela and Brooklyn, W. Gulf Blockading Squadron ; participated in battle of Mobile Bay; North Atlantic Squadron; both attacks and final assault on Fort Fisher; sounded and explored Gulf of Mexico ; commander of practice ship, Dale, during prac- tice cruises; commander of Kearsarge; training ship Portsmouth; Maine until blown up; St. Paul in Cuban and Porto Rican water ; South Atlantic Squadron, Second Division of North Atlantic Fleet; commandant of Navy Yark, League Island ; special duty, Navy Department ; member of Examining and Retiring Boards ; hydro- grapher, Navy Department ; chief intelligence officer. Author of : Deep Sea Sounding and Dredging, United States Coast Survey, 1880 ; Personal Narrative of the Bat- tleship Maine, 1899. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Given Third Class for introducing numerous inven- tions and new methods in deep sea exploration. Has also Bolivar (Venezuela). Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Third Class, 1905. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) STEINWAY, CHARLES HERMAN Fifth Class. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 129 STEVENS, WALTER B. Third Class, 1905. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) TAYLOR, FREDERIC WILLIAM Born, Weepingwater, Nebr. Educated High School, Creston, la. Was Professor of Horticulture in the University of Nebraska, 1893, United States Statistical Expert, Director and Superintendent of Horticultural Exhibits at World's Columbian Exposition, Omaha Exposition, 1901, Louisi- ana Purchase Exposition, 1904. Member American Geographic Society, and all promi- nent agricultural, horticultural and forestry societies; St. Louis Club. At present Horticulturist. Given Fourth Class for services rendered at the St. Louis Exposition. Has also Legion of Honor (France) ; Crown (Prussia) ; Rising Sun (Japan) ; Christ (Por- tugal). Present address 1058 Pearl St., Denver, Col. VOCKE, WILLIAM Born, in Minden, Prussia. Educated at the Burgerschule, Minden, and the Uni- versity of Chicago, Law Department. Served in the Union Army during the Civil War, at- taining the rank of Captain, Member of the Illinois Legislature, 1870-1872; Member of the Board of Educa- tion, Chicago, 1877-1880. 130 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of a work on American jurisprudence, pub- lished in Cologne, 1890, and of numerous articles and pamphlets in English and German on international, legal and historical topics. Member of University, Germania Maennerchor, City Club, Chicago; Military Order of the Loyal Legion; German- American Historical Society of Illinois (Presi- dent). Present occupation, Attorney at law. Given Fourth Class, September 20, 1893, in recognition of services as attorney and solicitor for the Imperial German Consulate, Chicago. Has also Crown (Prus- sia), Zaehringen (Baden). Present address, 1239 First National Bank Building, Chicago, 111. WELLS, ROLLA Third Class in 1902. (For sketch see China, Double Dragon.) ZIMMERMAN, GUSTAV Fourth Class. Chicago, 111. THE ORDER OF POUR LE MERITE, the Order for Science and the Arts, was founded by Frederick William IV on May 31, 1842. This Order is conferred by the Sovereign only upon "men who have achieved by a wide- spread recognition of their services a distinguished name." There is but one class, cross on lapel or left breast Ribbon, white with black stripe on each border. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 131 SARGENT, JOHN SINGER Born in Florence, Italy. Educated in Italy and Germany. Has exhibited at London, Paris, and New York. At present, Artist. Membre Correspondant de l'lnstitut, Associate 1894, and Academician, 1891, Royal Academy, England; Acade- mician, 1897, National Academy of Design, New York. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 33 Tate Street, Chelsea, London. Sax-coburg-Altenburg THE ORDER OF ERNESTINE was founded on De- cember 25, 1833, and revised in February, 1864. It is a continuation of the Order of German Integrity, which existed about 1690. It has five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Grand Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque; Com- mander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, First Class, cravat; Chevalier, Second Class, cross on lapel; Ribbon, red (wine lees), with black and green stripes on each border. BAUMBACH, W. W. H. von Created Chevalier, First Class, October 23, 1868. (For sketch see Crown, Prussia). HOLDEN, EDWARD SINGLETON Born, St. Louis, Mo. Educated Washington University and United States Military Academy. Served as Lieutenant of Engineers, U. S. A. ; Profes- sor of Mathematics, U. S. N. ; Director of Washburn Observatory, Wisconsin ; President of University of Cali- fornia ; Director of Lick Observatory, California ; Libra- rian of United States Military Academy. Member of National Academy of Science; American Academy of Art and Science; Royal Astronomers' Soci- ety, London; Astronomy Society of France, Italian Spec- troscopic Society; Century Club, New York City. 133 134 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of Bastion System of Fortifications, Index Cata- logue Nebulae, Life of Sir William Herschel, 1881, As- tronomy (with Simon Newcomb), Handbook of the Lick Observatory, Briefer Astronomy (with Simon Newcomb), Mogul Emperors of Hindustan, Mountain Observations, Memorials of W. G. P. Bond, Pacific Coast Earthquakes, Earth and Sky, Our Country's Flag, Primer of Heraldry, Family of the Sun, Elementary As- tronomy, Essays in Astronomy, Stories of the Great Astronomers, Real Things in Nature, The Sciences, Edi- tor of publications of Washburn Observatory, 1881-85; publications of Lick Observatory, 1888-94. At present, Librarian. Given Commander, November 9, 1894, in consideration of services rendered in the interest of astronomy. Has also Dannebrog (Denmark) ; Bust of Bolivar (Vene- zuela). Present address, West Point, N. Y. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 13S WURTTEMBERG THE ORDER OF FRIEDRICH was instituted by Wil- liam I, January I, 1830, in memory of his father. At first it had but one class, but by the statutes of Janu- ary 3, 1856, four other classes were added to be con- ferred "in appreciation of exceptional military service or service to the King, the royal family, or the state." Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Commander First Class, cravat and plaque; Commander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, First Class, enameled Cross on lapel; Cheva- lier, Second Class, silver cross on lapel. Ribbon, sky blue. By royal decree of September 1, 1892, there was in- stituted a gold medal of merit. ELLIOTT, DANIEL GIRAUD Commander. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) HILPRECHT, HERMAN VOLLRATH Chevalier. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) SCHLENKER, JOSEPH Created Chevalier, November 1, 1904. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) 136 AMERICAN MEMBERS FAIRLAMB, JAMES REMINGTON Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated in Grammar and Central High Schools, Phila- delphia. Present occupation, Organist-Composer. Present address, 438 W. 57th St., New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 137 GREECE THE ORDER OF THE SAVIOR (REDEEMER) was proposed as a "decoration of honor" by the Greek Na- tional Assembly on August 12, 1829, for those who had distinguished themselves in the struggle for independence since 1821. The statutes of the present Order were pro- mulgated by King Otto, June I, 1834, and amended by the National Assembly August 7, 1863. It consists of five classes, conferred in, appreciation of meritorious services of every form. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque on right side; Grand Commander, cravat and plaque on right side; Com- mander, cravat ; Officier, gold insignia on lapel ; Chevalier, silver insignia on lapel. Ribbon, light blue with white border. Motto: Si Deus Nobiscum quis contra nos. ADAMS, MILWARD Chevalier. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Created Officier, July 31, 1901, in appreciation of serv- ices rendered in the interests of the advancement of International Commercial Intercourse. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) BOYD, HARRIET A. Smith College, Northampton, Mass. 138 AMERICAN MEMBERS DUDLEY, URIAH HAYDEN Chevalier. FLAMINGER, J. Chevalier. Singer Building, New York. GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON Born, Concord, Mass. Graduated from Harvard, 1851 ; studied at Universities of Gottingen, Berlin, and Bonn; Ph. D., Gottingen, 1855 (LL. D., Amherst, 1881 ; Cambridge, England, 1883 ; Co- lumbia, 1887; Edinburgh, 1890; Harvard, 1891 ; Chicago, 1901; Yale, 1901; D. C. L., Oxford, England, 1890). Tutor, Harvard University; first director American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Greece ; professor of Greek literature, Harvard ; professor Emeritus since 1901 ; overseer, Harvard; president of American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; honorary member Hellenic Society, London ; Philosophical Society, Cambridge, England ; Archaeological Society and Academy of Science, Athens Hellenic Society, Constantinople. Member of Imperial German Archaeological Institute, Berlin. Author of : Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb ; Greek Grammar ; editor of Demosthenes on the Crown and Against Midias. Present occupation, Professor. Created Chevalier. Present address, 5 Follen Street, Cambridge, Mass. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 139 HALPIN, M. S. Chevalier. Present address, 21 Warren Street, New York. HAYNIE, JAMES HENRY Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) LONG, JAMES VERNER Chevalier. United States Consulate, Venice, Italy. SNOWDEN, ARCHIBALD LOUDON (For sketch see Spain, Isabella the Catholic.) SULLIVAN, JAMES E. Born, New York. Educated, Grammar School No. 18, New York City. President Metropolitan Association of Athletic Unions of United States; secretary American Athletic Union; referee at many field meets ; official referee Intercollegiate Amateur Athletic Association; assistant director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900; athletic director, Pan-American Ex- position, Buffalo, 1901 ; chief of Department of Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904; secretary American Commission, Olympic Games, Athens, 1906; president Amateur Athletic Union of United States. Present occupation, Athletic Patron, Official, and Pub- lisher. Created Chevalier. Present address, 21 Warren Street, New York. Holland THE ORDER OF ORANGE-NASSAU was founded on April 4, 1892, by the States General of Holland to recog- nize services rendered to science and acts of charity and benevolence. There are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, gold cross on lapel; Chevalier, silver cross on lapel. Ribbon, orange with blue stripe on each side bordered with white. Motto, Je maintiendrai. GORE, JAMES HOWARD Chevalier, 1801. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) GRISCOM, CLEMENT ACTON Born in Philadelphia, Pa. Educated in Philadelphia Public Schools, High School and Friends' Central School. President International Navigation Co.; president In- ternational Mercantile Marine Co. ; now chairman of Board of Directors of International Mercantile Marine Co. ; director of Pennsylvania Railroad Co., and many other banks and trust companies in Philadelphia and New York. 141 142 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Philadelphia; Rittenhouse, Farmers', Merion Cricket and Corinthian Yacht Clubs of Philadelphia; Union, Metropolitan and New York Yacht Clubs of Philadelphia ; and Metropolitan of Washington ; St. James' and Marlborough Clubs of London. Created Chevalier in recognition of the rescue by the crew of the American Line Steamship St. Louis of passengers and crew from a disabled Dutch Trans- Atlantic steamer. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, Haverford, Pa. HILL, DAVID JAYNE Born, Plainfield, N. J. Graduated from Bucknell University, Pa., 1874, A. M. (LL. D., Colgate, University of Pennsylvania, Union) ; student, Universities of Berlin and Paris. President of Bucknell University; University of Rochester; professor European diplomacy in School of Comparative Jurisprudence and Diplomacy, Washington; assistant secretary of State, United States ; E. E. and M. P. of United States to Switzerland and the Netherlands ; appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Germany ; delegate to Second Peace Conference at The Hague, 1907; member of Permanent Administrative Council of Hague Tribunal; member of American His- torical Association and other learned societies ; S. A. R. ; vice-grand commander Society of American Wars; mem- ber of Authors', Century (New York), Metropolitan and Cosmos (Washington) Clubs. Author of : Life of Washington Irving ; Life of Wil- liam Cullen Bryant; Elements of Rhetoric; Science of Rhetoric; Elements of Psychology; Social Influence of Christianity; Principles and Fallacies of Socialism; Gene- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 143 tic Philosophy ; International Justice ; A Primer of Fi- nance ; The Conception and Realization of Neutrality; The Life and Work of Hugo Grotius ; The Contemporary Development of Diplomacy; A History of Diplomacy in the International Development of Europe; The Struggle for Universal Empire ; The Establishment of Territorial Sovereignty; European editor of American Journal of International Law. Present occupation, Diplomat. Given Grand Cross. Present address, American Embassy, Berlin, Germany. STOWELL, ELLERY C. Created Chevalier, September 20, 1907. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) Italy THE ORDER OF SAINTS MAURICE AND LAZA- RUS was created by the union of two separate Orders, St. Maurice and St. Lazarus. The former was established in 1434 by Amandeus VIII, first Duke of Savoy, and the latter, the origin of which is obscure, is known to have existed in A. D. 1000, having been created for the benefit of lepers. The statutes have been subjected to many changes, but by decree of February 20, 1868, it is con- ferred in appreciation of civil and military service to the State or to humanity. There are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross with rosette on lapel; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, green. Festival Day, January 15th. ANDERSON, LARZ Born in Paris, France. Educated at Harvard University, 1888. Was secretary of legation and embassy London, 1891-94; secretary of embassy and charge d'affaires, Rome, 1894-97 ; captain and assistant adjutant-general U. S. V., 1897. Created Commander, October 13, 1898. Present address, Washington, D. C. BERRY, WALTER VAN RENSALAER Created Chevalier, November 10, 1904. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) I4S 146 AMERICAN MEMBERS BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Chevalier. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) BURT, WILLIAM Born, Padstow, Cornwall, England. Graduated from academy at Wilbraham, Mass., 1875; Wesleyan University, A. B., 1879 (D. D., 1902) ; from Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J., 1881 (D. D., Grant Universit}', 18 Entered New York East Conference; pastor of St. Paul's M. E. Church, Brooklyn ; De Kalb Avenue Church ; transferred to Italy Conference and made presiding elder of Milan District; in charge of churches and schools of Italy for 14 years ; built several churches ; founded a pub- lishing house; organized a boys' college, a young ladies' college and other schools ; elected bishop of M. E. Church by General Conference at Los Angeles, Cal., May 20, 1904, and consecrated May 26, 1904. Author of several books in Italian language. Present occupation, Bishop of M. E. Church. Created Chevalier, 1903. Present address, 22 Englisch Viertel Strasse, Zurich, Switzerland. GEDDINGS, H. D. (U. S. Marine Hospital Service) Officier. HOWARD, WILLIAM L. (U. S. Navy) Chevalier. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 147 IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Chevalier, 1906. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) LANZA, GAETANO Born, Boston, Mass. Attended University of Virginia. Assistant instructor of Mathematics at University of Virginia; instructor in Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology; assistant professor and later professor of theo- retical and applied mechanics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; in charge of department of mechanical en- gineering. Member of British Association of Advanced Science; fellow American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers ; Boston Society of Civil Engineers ; American Mathematical So- ciety; American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; International Association for Testing Mate- rials ; American Society for Testing Materials ; Society for Promotion of Engineering Education; New England R. R. Club; Appalachian Mountain Club; Circolo Itali- ano; associate member of American R. R. Master Me- chanics' Association; member of Circolo Matematico di Palermo. Author of : Applied Mechanics ; also many papers pre- sented to scientific societies and pamphlets on engineering printed for use of his students. Present occupation, Professor of theoretical and applied mechanics in charge of department of mechanical engi- neering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Created Chevalier. Present address, 22 W. Cedar Street, Boston, Mass, 148 AMERICAN MEMBERS OPDYCKE, LEONARD ECKSTEIN Born, Warren, O. Graduated from Harvard, 1880 ; A. M., 1883 ; gradu- ated from law school same, 1883. Practiced law ; member of Phi Beta Kappa ; Modern Language Association of America; Archaeological Insti- tute of America, New York ; Historical Society ; New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor; member of Century, University, Down Town, and Harvard Clubs. Translator : Tales From the Mgtan ; The Book of the Courtier. Present occupation, Lawyer. Created Chevalier August 18, 1902. Present address, 117 E. 69th Street, New York. POTTER, WILLIAM Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated at private schools and University of Pennsyl- vania. Solicitor and director of Thomas Potter Sons & Co., Inc. ; appointed by President Harrison special commis- sioner to visit London, Paris and Berlin in behalf of United States State and Postofnce Departments, and to negotiate system of sea postoffices, 1890; delegate to 4th Congress of Universal Postal Union, Vienna, 1891 ; United States Minister to Italy; chairman of Mayor Weaver's Advisory Board; national relief commissioner; went to Porto Rico during war with Spain ; nominee for Mayor of Philadelphia, 1907; manager of Pennsylvania Institution for Deaf and Dumb; director of City Trusts. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 149 Member of Permanent Relief Commission, Philadel- phia; honorary member of Society Cincinnati, New Jer- sey; councillor, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Present occupation, Lawyer. Created Commander, March 4, 1897. Present address, 1001 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ROGERS, HOWARD JASON Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) SCHWAB, GUSTAV HENRY Born, New York. Educated in New York and Germany. Member of firm Oelrichs & Co., shipping merchants, importers and American agents North German Lloyd Steamship Co. ; director of United States Trust Co. ; Merchants' National Bank; Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co., and other corporations; chairman of committee on foreign commerce and the revenue laws, Chamber of Commerce, State of New York; first vice-president of Merchants' Association, N« w York ; served as member of committee of seventy. Member of Century, Metropolitan, City, German, Ards- ley, Tuxedo, New York Yacht Clubs. Present occupation, Merchant. Created Chevalier, 1895. Has also Red Eagle (Ger- many). Present address, 5 and 11 Broadway, New York. ISO AMERICAN MEMBERS STOKES, JAMES Chevalier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) THOMPSON, FREDERICK DIODATI, COUNT Created Chevalier, June 7, 1900. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) VITI, A. M. Philadelphia, Pa. Chevalier, May 20, 1877. WASDIN, EUGENE (U. S. Marine Hospital Service) Officier. WHITEHDUSE, HENRY REMSEN Born, New York. Educated in England, Germany, Switzerland and United States. In diplomatic service, United States; student in litera- ture and historical research. Member of Societe des fitudes historiques, Paris; Italian Dante Alighieri Society. Author of : Sacrifice of a Throne ; Collapse of the Kingdom of Naples ; A Revolutionary Princess ; Life of Christina Belgiojoso-Trivulzio; contributor to American, Italian, French and Swiss reviews, largely on Italian subjects. Present occupation, Diplomat and Author. Created Commander. Present address, Villa Denanton, Cluchy, Switzerland. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 151 THE ORDER OF THE CROWN OF ITALY was insti- tuted on February 20, 1868, by King Victor Emanuel II to commemorate the annexation of Venetia. It was designed to honor military men, but is also given to foreigners as well as Italians as a reward for signal merit and direct interest in the nation. There are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque ; Commander, cravat ; Officier, cross with rosette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, red with central white stripe. Motto, Victorius Emmanuel II, Rex Italiae, MDCCCLXVI. ALDEN, WILLIAM LIVINGSTON Born, Williamstown, Mass. Educated, Jefferson College, Pa. Admitted to New York bar, i860, practiced until 1865; leader-writer on New York World, Times, Graphic, etc., until 1865; United States Consul-General at Rome, 1865-9; leader-writer on Paris Herald, 1890-3. Present occupation, Author. Author of : Canoe and Flying Proa ; Domestic Explo- sives; Shooting Stars; Life of Columbus; Adventures of Jimmie Brown ; Loss of the Swansea ; The Moral Pirates ; Cruise of the Ghost; Cruise of the Canoe Club; New Robinson Crusoe ; Trying to Find Europe ; A Lost Soul ; Told by the Colonel ; Among the Freaks ; The Mystery of Elias G. Roebuck ; His Daughter ; Van Wagener's Ways ; Drewitt's Dream; Cat Tales. 152 AMERICAN MEMBERS Created Chevalier, 1890. Present address, 61 Cloudesdale Road, London, S. W., England. BERRY, WALTER VAN RENSALAER Born in Paris, France. Educated at Harvard University. Counsellor to French, Italian, and German Embassies ; Belgian, Dutch and Swiss Legations. Member of the Metropolitan Club, Washington, and University Club, New York. At present, Member International Court, Cairo. Created Chevalier, April 17, 1898, in appreciation of legal services to the Italian Government. Has also Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy). Present address, Cairo, Egypt. CHAILLE-LONG, CHARLES Born in Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. Educated at Washington Academy and Columbia Law School. Was captain, United States Volunteers ; lieutenant-colo- nel and colonel, Egyptian Army; chief of staff to General Gordon, the governor-general of Egyptian Soudan; in charge at the United States Consulate, Alexandria, 1882, at the time of the bombardment of the city ; secretary of legation and consul-general to Corea, 1887. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 153 Author of: Central Africa; Naked Truths of Naked People, 1876 ; The Three Prophets, Gordon, Mahdi, Arabi, 1884; La Coree ou Chosen La Terre du Calme Matinal, 1894; L'Egypt et ses Provinces Perdues, 1892; many arti- cles in reviews and other publications. At present, Homme de Lettres. Member of Institut Egyptien, Geographical Society of New York, Societe Khediviale de Geographie du Caire ; Societe des Gens de Lettres, Paris ; Societa Af ricana d' Italia; La Societe de Geographie Commerciale de Bordeaux, Societe de Geographie, Paris. Chevalier. Has also Legion of Honor (France), Os- manie (Turkey), and Medjidie (Turkey). Present address, Historical Society, Baltimore. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Chevalier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) COHN, ADOLPHE Chevalier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) CONRIED, HEINRICH Chevalier. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) COPPINGER, JOHN JOSEPH Metropolitan Club, Washington, D. C. 154 AMERICAN MEMBERS CROSBY, JOHN SCHUYLER Born, Albany, N. Y. Educated at University of New York. Served in Civil War, Army of Potomac and in Depart- ment of the Gulf; was colonel of regular army, General Sheridan's staff; consul to Florence, Italy; governor of Montana; first assistant postmaster-general of United States; school commissioner, New York. Member of G. A. R., Loyal Legion and S. A. R. ; also member of Union, Army and Navy and New York Yacht Clubs. Created Chevalier, March, 1879, for assisting in captur- ing a band of criminals in Tuscany. Present address, Union Club, New York. CUNEO, FRANK Born in Italy. Member of firm of Garibaldi & Cuneo ; president of the Italian Chamber of Commerce, Chicago. Created Chevalier in recognition of his many activities in promoting trade between Italy and the United States. Present address, Chicago, 111. CUNLIFFE-OWEN, FREDERIC Commander, September 7, 1905. Present address, 267 Fifth Avenue, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 155 ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD Born, New York. Academic education. Traveled in Europe, Africa, Palestine, Asia Minor, United States, Canada, Alaska, South America; led expe- dition into interior of East Africa in interest of Field Columbian Museum and into the recesses of the Olympic Mountains, being first naturalist to penetrate that little- known range. Member Fellow Royal Society, Edinburgh; and other learned societies. Author of : Monograph on the Pittidae, or Ant- Thrushes ; The Grouse ; New and Heretofore Unfigured Birds of North America ; The Phasianidae, or Pheasants ; Paradiscidae, or Birds of Paradise ; The Felidae, or Cats; Bucerotidae, or Hornbills; Wolf's Wild Animals; Synopsis and Classification of the Trochilidae; Shore Birds of North America; Gallinaceous Game Birds, and Wild Fowl of the United States and British Possessions ; Synopsis of the Mammals of North America and the Adjacent Seas; Land and Sea Mammals of Middle Amer- ica and West Indies ; Check List Mammals North Ameri- can Continent and West Indies; Catalogue Mammals in Field Columbian Museum; contributor of several hundred papers in scientific publications in America and Europe. Present occupation, curator of zoology, Field Colum- bian Museum. Created Commander, July 12, 1874. Has also Francis Joseph (Austria), Isabella the Catholic (Spain), Fred- erick (Wurttemberg) ; Christ (Portugal). Present address, American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York. 156 AMERICAN MEMBERS GAY, NELSON Chevalier. GOLDSBOROUGH, WINDER ELWELL Born, Baltimore, Md. Educated at Cornell University. In charge of electrical engineering, Arkansas State Uni- versity and Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. ; chief of the Department of Electricity, World's Fair, St. Louis, 1902-05 ; business manager engineering department, J. G. White & Co., New York; first vice-president and general manager of Denver Reservoir Irrigation Company. Contributor to scientific and general electrical pub- lications. Member of : American Institute of Electrical Engi- neers; Institution of Electrical Engineers of England; American Geographical Society; American Electro-Thera- peutic Society ; International Electrical Congress ; past president American Institute of Electrical Engineers and International Electrical Congress, St Louis ; Lawyers' Club; Engineers', National Arts, Lincoln, Lafayette, Den- ver, University and Denver Country Clubs. Present occupation, engaged in the construction and development of irrigation projects in Colorado. Created Chevalier, October 16, 1904, for services to science and electricity. Present address, 1403 E. nth Avenue, Denver, Colo. HOLLAND, W. J. Commander, 1910. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS IS7 HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) JOHNSON, ROBERT UNDERWOOD Born in Washington, D. C. Educated, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind., and Col- legiate Institution in Centreville, Ind. Has been interested and actively engaged in literary work, mostly of a historic character, and was with John Muir, the originator of the movement which resulted in the creation of the Yosemite National Park; has been member of the Century editorial staff since 1873. Author of : The Winter Hour and other poems ; Songs of Liberty and other poems, and Poems (Collected). Member of Sierra Golf Club, California ; secretary American Copyright League. At present, editor of The Century. Created Chevalier in appreciation of services in the in- terest of International Copyright. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 33 West 17th Street, New York City. LAGORIO, ANTONIO Born in Italy. Director of the Pasteur Institute of Chicago; member of the library board. Created Chevalier in recognition of services in pro- moting commerce, literature and science. Present address, Chicago, Jll. 158 AMERICAN MEMBERS LIEB, JOHN WILLIAM, JR. Born, Newark, N. J. Educated at Newark Academy and Stevens' High School, Hoboken, N. J. ; graduated from Stevens' Institute of Technology M. E., 1880. Was employed as draughtsman; put in charge by Mr. Edison of the installation of electrical equipment of Old Pearl Street Edison Station, and assisted in subsequent tests and experiments for incandescent lighting and power from an underground system, and, on inauguration of regular service, was appointed first electrician of Edison Electric Illuminating Company, of New York; installed mechanical equipment, dynamos, and Edison Underground System at Milan, Italy, for Italian Edison Co. ; installed trolley system in Milan ; third vice-president of The New York Edison Co. ; also president of Electrical Testing Laboratories; director in several electric corporations. Member of American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society Civil Engineers, Association of Edison Illuminat- ing Cos., New York Electrical Society, Engineers' Club, Municipal Art Society and American Museum of Natural History. Present occupation, Mechanical Engineer. Created Commander. Present address, 55 Duane Street, New York. McGIBBONS, JOHN H. Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS IS9 MARZO, EDUARDO Born, Naples, Italy. Educated, Naples, Italy. Composer of over ioo compositions, both sacred and secular; editor Songs of Italy, 1905. Member of the Royal Academy of St. Cecilia. At present, Composer. Created Chevalier for special musical services rendered. Present address, 155 West 94th Street, New York City. OCKERSON, JOHN A. Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Vasa, Sweden.) RAVOGLI, AUGUSTUS Born, Rome, Italy. Graduated from Roman College, Rome, Italy (A. M.) ; University of Rome, medical department; post-graduate studies at Universities of Vienna, Prague and Berlin. Physician Rubattino Steam Navigation Co. ; surgeon of hospitals of Rome; consular agent of Italy; surgeon of Military Hospital, Italian army ; professor of dermatology and syphilography, medical college department, University of Cincinnati, and dermatologist, City Hospital. Author of: The Hygiene of the Skin; contributor to Cincinnati Lancet and Cincinnati Journal of American Medical Association, Journal of Cutaneous Diseases ; also to German medical journals on dermatology. 160 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Physician and Surgeon. Member of Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, American Dermatological Association, Dermatological Societies of France and Italy, State Board of Medical Registration and Examination. Created Chevalier, June 4, 1899. Present address, 5 Garfield Place, Cincinnati, O. SHIPPEN, EDWARD Born in New Jersey. Graduated from Princeton, 1845 (A. M.) ; M. D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Was assistant surgeon in United States Navy; com- missioned surgeon ; promoted medical director ; principal naval service in China and on coasts of Africa and South America ; on European station ; chief medical officer, Naval Academy, Annapolis ; fleet surgeon, European squadron; in charge of Naval Hospital seven years. Companion Military Order Loyal Legion ; fellow Coll. Physicians of Philadelphia ; Society of Colonial Wars ; president of General Society of Pennsylvania; member of Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; and of the Univer- sity Club. Author of : Thirty Years at Sea ; A Christinas at Sea ; Naval Battles of America ; Naval Battles of the World. Present occupation, Physician, Medical Director United States Navy, Retired. Created Chevalier, September 28, 1877. Present address, 2039 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 161 SIMMONS, FRANKLIN Born, Webster, Me. Educated, public schools, Bath, Me., and at Bates' Col- lege, Lewiston, Me. (A. M., Bates' College, Bowdoin Col- lege and Waterville University). Had some preliminary work in portraiture in Maine ; had sittings from Admirals Farragut and Porter, Generals Grant, Meade, Sheridan, Sherman, Thomas, Hooker and others ; has executed about too portrait busts in marble ; about is public monuments; also ideal statues. Present occupation, Sculptor. Created Chevalier, March 27, 1898. Present address, 72 via S. Nicoloda Tolentino, Rome, Italy. SKIFF, FREDERICK J. V. Created Commander, October 16, 1904. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) STEVENS, WALTER BARLOW Born, Meriden, Conn. Attended University of Michigan, A. B., 1875; A. M., 1872 ; Washington University, St. Louis, LL. D., 1908. Newspaper man ; president of Gridiron Club, Washing- ton ; Washington correspondent, St. Louis Globe ; secre- tary of Louisiana Purchase Exposition; director of Ex- ploitation ; member of Superior Jury ; secretary of Natu- ral Prosperity Association ; secretary of St. Louis Cen- tennial Association. 162 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of: Through Texas; The Ozark Uplift; The Forest City; A Trip to Panama; Notes on Facsimiles of Poems and Letters of Robert Burns ; The Building of St. Louis; St. Louis, the Fourth City; The Log of the Alton; One Hundred Years in a Week. Member of Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis Club, Mercantile Club, The Round Table, The Robert Burns Club, The Franklin Club, all of St. Louis, and the Grid- iron Club, of Washington. Present occupation, Writer. Created Chevalier November, 1904. Has also Double Dragon (China), Leopold (Belgium), Rising Sun (Japan), Red Eagle (Prussia). Present address, The Washington Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. STOKES, JAMES Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) STONE, MELVILLE ELIJAH Created Grand Officier, December 28, 1903. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) TAYLOR, FREDERICK WILLIAM Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 163 THAYER, WILLIAM ROSCOE Born, Boston, Mass. Studied under a tutor in Europe ; graduated from Har- vard, 1881 ; A. M., 1886. Assistant editor of Philadelphia Evening Bulletin; edi- tor of Harvard Graduates' Magazine. Author of : Confessions of Hermes ; Hesper ; The Best Elizabethan Plays ; The Dawn of Italian Indepen- dence ; Poems, New and Old; History and Customs of Harvard University ; Throne-Makers ; A Short History of Venice. Present occupation, Author. Created Chevalier, October 14, 1902. Present address, 8 Berkeley Street, Cambridge, Mass. THOMPSON, FREDERICK DIADOTI, COUNT Created Commander on March 5, 1903. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) TIRINDELLI, PIER ADOLFO Born, Conegliano (Venice), Italy. Educated at Conegliano ; graduated, Conservatory of Music, Milan, Italy; studied at Conservatory of Music, Vienna, Austria. Violinist and composer. Author of : Compositions for Violin and Piano, Italy ; Concertos for Violin and Orchestra, Songs, Cantatas, Operas ; Songs and Duos. Chevalier, March 26, 1884. 164 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Violinist. Present address, 922 Nassau Street, Cincinnati, O. VITI, A. M. Commander, March 5, 1903. Philadelphia, Pa. VOLINI, CAMILLO Born in Italy. Connected with the Columbus Hospital ; member of the Italian Red Cross. Created Chevalier in recognition of services in pro- moting commerce, literature and sciences. Present address, Chicago, 111. WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE Chevalier, 1889. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) WILLARD, ASHTON ROLLINS Born, Montpelier, Vt. Graduated from Dartmouth, 1879. Writer on art subjects for magazines. Member of Boston Authors', University and Circolo Italiano Clubs. Author of: Life and Work of Painter Domenico Mo- pelli ; History of Modern Italian Art ; Land of the Latins. Present occupation, Author. Created Chevalier, October 14, 1902. Present address, 43 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 165 Japan THE ORDER OF THE RISING (EASTERN) SUN was instituted April 10, 1875, by the Emperor Muts-Hito and is conferred in recognition of civil and military serv- ice. There are eight classes. Appointment and promo- tion of Japanese subjects follow a rigid system. These rules do not apply to foreigners. First Class, scarf to which plaque is attached; Second Class, plaque on right side ; Third Class, cravat ; Fourth to Eighth Class, on lapel, different classes differing in form of insignia. The First Class must be worn with the Second Class. Ribbon, white bordered with red. ALLEN, FRANKLIN Fourth Class, 1908. 445 Broome Street, New York. BAKER, CHARLES M. Fifth Class, 1908. Brookline, Mass. BEAN, TARLETON HOFFMAN Fifth Class, 1904. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) BECK, ALBERT T. Fourth Class, 1906. Pacific Commercial Cable Co., New York City. 1 66 AMERICAN MEMBERS BLISS, ROBERT WOOD Fourth Class. United States Legation, Buenos Aires. BOWIE, HENRY P. Fourth Class, 1907. San Mateo, Cal. BOYNTON, CHARLES AUGUSTUS Born, W. Stockbridge, Mass. Educated at public schools, Woodward College, Cincin- nati, and Knox College, Illinois. Entered service of Western Associated Press as New York agent; appointed superintendent of Southern Divi- sion of Associated Press. Charter member of Gridiron Club, member of Loyal Legion, S. A. R. Present occupation, Superintendent of Southern Divi- sion, Associated Press. Given Fourth Class in 1908. Present address, Evening Star Building, Washington, D. C. BROOKS, WILLIAM PENN Born, South Scituate, Mass. Educated in public schools, Hanover Academy; gradu- ated, Massachusetts Agricultural College, B. Sc, 1875 ; Ph. D. Halle, 1897. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 167 Taught in district school, Hanover; grammar school, East Abington ; professor of agriculture, Imperial College of Agriculture, Japan, and professor of botany; president ad interim, same college; professor of agriculture and agriculturist, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Massachusetts Agricultural College ; president ad interim of Massachusetts Agricultural College; director of Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station ; editor of 5th and 6th Annual Reports, Imperial College of Agri- culture of Japan. Member of Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. Author of : Agriculture ; General Agriculture, Dairying and Poultry Farming; contributor to second, third and fourth annual reports, Imperial College of Agriculture, Japan ; and to agricultural reports of United States and Massachusetts. Present occupation, Agriculturist and Educator. Given Fourth Class in 1888. Present address, Amherst, Mass. BUCK, BENJAMIN F. Born, Lawrence, Kan. Educated primarily in a school conducted by the Jesuit Fathers, and in public schools of Southern Kansas. Head of firm of B. F. Buck & Co., publishers, New York City; identified with numerous charitable and edu- cational interests ; active in all movements against the re- striction of immigration ; vice-president and director Italian-American Agricultural Association; director of the National Liberal Immigration League; one of the founders, treasurer and director of the Colonial Society of America. 168 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of National Geographic Society; National So- ciety for the Promotion of Industrial Education, etc. ; Mason, 32d degree; Knight Templar and Order of the Mystic Shrine; member of Patria (New York), Columbia (Indianapolis) Clubs. Present occupation, Publisher. Given Fifth Class, May 4, 1908. Present address, 160 Fifth Avenue, New York. BURKE, THOMAS Born, Clinton County, N. Y. Graduated from Academy, Ypsilanti, Mich., 1870; studied at University of Michigan, also at Whitman Col- lege, Walla Walla, Wash. Was Judge of Probate Court, King County, Wash.; Chief Justice of Supreme Court, Washington Territory. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Fourth Class in 1907. Present address, 408 Burke Building, Seattle, Wash. CARTY, JOHN J. Sixth Class, 1909. Present address, 15 Dey Street, New York. CLEWS, HENRY Born, Staffordshire, England. Was junior clerk Wilson G. Hunt & Co., woolen im- porters ; member of firm Stout, Clews & Mason, later OF FOREIGN ORDERS 169 Livermore, Clews & Co. ; was invited by Secretary of Treasury to become agent to sell Government bonds at break of civil war; treasurer of American Geographic Society and of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Member of Union League, Union, Economic Clubs. Author of: Twenty-eight Years in Wall Street; The Wall Street Point of View ; contributor to newspapers and magazines. Given Third Class in 1908. Present occupation, Banker. Present address, 15 Broad Street, New York. DAVIDSON, JAMES WHEELER Born, Austin, Minn. Educated Northwestern Military Academy. Was a member of the Peary Arctic Expedition of 1893-4; went to the Far East during the Chinese-Japanese war as a special correspondent of an American press syn- dicate ; was attached to the Chinese army for two months and to the Japanese army for two years; was consular agent at Tamsui, Formosa, and in 1898 was promoted to be consul; in 1903 took an extensive trip through Man- churia, obtaining information regarding conditions there; and in 1904 was appointed consul to Antung; was in charge of the consulate at Nanking, China, and of the consulate-general in Shanghai. Honorary member Statistical Society of Formosa; Life Fellowship Royal Geographical Society; Fellow American Geographical Society; Fellow China Branch Royal Asiatic Society. At present, American Consul in Manchuria. 170 AMERICAN MEMBERS Created member of Rising Sun, July, 189s, for services rendered the Japanese army in capturing Taihoku, the capital of Formosa, from the Chinese troops which held it during the Chinese-Japanese war of 1894-5. Author of: Formosa Past and Present; Davidson's Handbook of Manchuria; series of articles on Manchu- ria and Siberia during 1904 in Century Magazine. Present address, Department of State, Washing- ton, D. C. DE FOREST J. H. Fourth Class, 1908. American Board of Missions, Sendai, Japan. DENISON, HENRY WILLARD Born, Guildhall, Vt. Educated at common school and academy, Lancaster, N. H., and Columbian Law School, Washington. Legal adviser of the Japanese Department of Foreign Affairs ; represented Japan in drafting treaty of peace with Russia, at Portsmouth, N. H., 1905 ; member of the Asso- ciation de Legislation Comparee, Paris ; and of the Per- manent Court of Arbitration of The Hague ; technical delegate of Japan to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague. Member of the Metropolitan (Washington), United (Yokohoma), Tokio Clubs. Present occupation, Jurist. Given First Class. Has also Sacred Treasure (Japan). Present address, Foreign Office, Tokio, Japan. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 171 DIXON, JAMES MAIN Born, Paisley, Scotland. Educated Ayr Academy, Edinburgh and St. Andrew's Universities. Professor of English Literature, Imperial University, Tokio, Japan ; Professor of English Literature, Wash- ington University, St. Louis, Mo. ; and Professor of same at University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Author of : Dictionary of Idiomatic English Phrases ; Various Articles in Asiatic Society of Japan; Matthew Arnold as a Christian Poet. Member of the Celtee Club of Los Angeles ; Asiatic Society of Japan, and Royal Society of Edinburgh. Present occupation, Professor of English Literature in the University of Southern California. Given Fourth Class, April, 1888, for services to the Government, especially at the founding of The Lare's Institute of Japan, for the higher education of women. Present address, 417 Cervera Street, Los Angeles, Cal. ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM Given First Class, 1909. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) FABYAN, GEORGE Fifth Class, 1908. Present address, Chicago, 111. 172 AMERICAN MEMBERS FENOLLOSA, ERNEST FRANCISCO Born in Salem, Mass. Educated at Harvard University. Was professor of political economy and philosophy, Tokio University, Japan; Imperial Fine Arts Commis- sioner to Japanese Government; professor of aesthetics and manager of Tokio Fine Arts Academy; manager, Fine Arts Department, Imperial Museum, Tokio ; curator, Department of Oriental Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ; professor of English literature, Imperial Normal School, Tokio ; etc. Author: East and West (poems); The Discovery of America; and other poems. Various articles on Oriental Art for Boston Museum as well as on subjects pertaining to China and Japan. At present, Professor, Columbia University, N. Y. Given Third Class in recognition of studies in Japan- ese art and literature. Has also Sacred Mirror (Japan). Present address, Columbia University, New York. FINLEY, JOHN HUSTON Born at Grand Ridge, 111. Graduated from Knox University, 1887; studied at Johns Hopkins. Secretary State Charities Aid Association, New York ; founder and editor State Charities Record and The Chari- ties Review of New York; president of Knox College; on editorial staff of Harper's Weekly and McClure's Maga- zine ; professor of politics, Princeton ; president of Col- lege of the City of New York. Contributor to reviews. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 173 Present occupation, College President. Given Third Class in 1909. Present address, College, City of New York, New York. FOORD, JOHN Third Class. Engineers' Club. New York. FORTESCUE, GRANVILLE R. Fifth Class, 1908. War Department, Washington, D. C. GREENE, ROGER SHERMAN Born, Roxbury Highlands, Boston. Graduated from Dartmouth College, 1859; studied law with Governor Coolidge, of Windsor, Vt, and in law office of Evarts, Southmayd & Choate, New York (LL.D., University of Washington, 1887). Served in Civil War with ranks of second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain; judge advocate district of Vicks- burg on staff of Major-General Washburn; chief engineer on staff of Major-General Hawkins ; judge-advocate Western Division of Louisiana; associate justice Supreme Court, "Washington Territory ; chief justice same ; chair- man of Committee on Harbor and Harbor Improvement, Seattle Chamber of Commerce ; standing master in chan- cery United States Circuit Court, Western District of Washington since 1906; vice-president Lake Washington Canal Association, Inc. 174 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of Stevens Post, G. A. R. ; Fellow of Alaska Geographic Society. Has contributed articles to newspapers and magazines ; also Judicial Opinions, Washington Territory, Reports, Vols. I to III. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Fifth Class. Present address, 502 Burke Building, Seattle, Wash. GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT Born in Philadelphia, Pa. Graduated from Rutgers, 1869; Union Theological Seminary, 1877 (D. D., Union College, 1884; L. H. D., Rutgers College, 1889). Served in Civil War; went to Japan to organize schools ; superintendent of education, province of Echizen; pro- fessor of physics, Imperial University, Tokio ; pastor of several churches ; president of DeWitt Historical Society of Tompkins County, New York. Member of American Institute of Arts and Letters, Netherlandish Society of Letters, Zeeland Association of Scientific Men, Frisian Society, Asiatic Societies of Japan, American Historical Association, United States Xaval Institute. Author of: The Mikado's Empire; Japanese Fairy World ; Asiatic History ; China, Corea and Japan ; Corea : The Hermit Nation ; Corea, Without and Within ; Mat- thew Calbraith Perry ; The Lily Among Thorns ; Honda, the Samurai; Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations; Japan, In History, Folk-lore and Art; Brave Little Hol- land and What She Taught Us ; The Religions of Japan ; Townsend Harris ; First American Envoy in Japan ; Ro- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 175 mance of Discovery; Romance of American Coloniza- tion ; Romance of Conquest ; The Pilgrims in Their Three Homes ; The Students' Motley ; The American in Hol- land ; America in the East ; Verbeck, of Japan ; The Path- finders of the Revolution; In the Mikado's Service; A Maker of the New Orient; Young People's History of Holland ; Dux Christus ; An Outline Study of Japan ; The Japanese Nation in Evolution. Present occupation, Lecturer and Author. Given First Class in 1908. Present address, Ithaca, N. Y. GRISCOM, LLOYD C. Given First Class in 1909. (For sketch see Venezuela, Bolivar.) HALE, WILLIAM BAYARD Born, Richmond, Ind. Graduated from Boston University, Harvard Univer- sity, Episcopal Theological Seminary, Cambridge (Ho- bart, S. T. D.). Managing Editor of Cosmopolitan Magazine ; editor of Current Literature; special correspondent, New York World ; managing editor of Philadelphia Public Ledger ; now on staff of Times. Author of : The Making of the American Constitu- tion ; The Eternal Teacher ; The New Obedience, a Plea for Social Submission to Christ; Phillips Brooks, a Memorial, etc. Present occupation, P. E. Clergyman and Author. 176 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Third Class in 1909. Present address, The Times, New York HEPBURN, JAMES CURTIS Born, Milton, Pa. Educated at Milton Academy ; Princeton College, A. B., 1832; A. M., 1835; University of Pennsylvania Medical Department, M. D., 1836 (LL. D., Lafayette, 1872; Princeton, 1903). Went to China as medical missionary, 1840; stationed in Singapore and in Amoy, China; went to Japan; re- turned to United States, 1893, and since then has retired. Compiled first English dictionary of Japanese language, published 1867, also English-Japanese Dictionary; wrote grammar of Japanese language; engaged in translation of Holy Bible into Japanese language ; published Japanese Dictionary of the Bible. Present occupation, Physician. Given Third Class in 1905. Present address, East Orange, N. J. HIRSCHBERG, FRANCIS D. Given Fifth Class in 1905. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) HOCH, EDMUND S. Given Sixth Class in 1905. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 177 HOLLAND, JOHN P. Fourth Class, 1908. Present address, 38 Newton Street, Newark, N. J. HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Fifth Class, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Fifth Class, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) JAQUES, WILLIAM HENRY Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated, public schools, Newark, N. J. ; graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1867. Has served as assistant, Coast and Geodetic Survey ; member and secretary of gun foundry board; secretary Senate Committee on ordnance and Warships ; was mem- ber of international jury on marine transportation and war material, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; presi- dent, Hampton Water Works Co. ; vice-president, Mundy Submariphone Co. ; director of other corporations. Introduced into United States the fluid compression and hydraulic forging of heavy masses of steel, and in- vented reforging process. Member of Council American Society Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; American Institute Mining En- gineers; American Society Civil Engineers; American 178 AMERICAN MEMBERS Society Mechanical Engineers; Fellow American Geo- graphic Society; the British Imperial Institute; and of Russian Geographic Society; member of British Institu- tion Civil Engineers ; British Institution Mechanical En- gineers; Association Technique Maritime, France; Bos- ton Society Civil Engineers ; New Hampshire Historic Society; member of Lotos (New York) ; Metropolitan, Army and Navy, Athletic (Washington) ; Essex (New- ark) ; Warwick (Portsmouth, N. H.) ; and Derryfield (Manchester, N. H.) Clubs. Author of: The Establishment of Steel Gun Factories in the United States, also other works on heavy ord- nance, armor, torpedoes. Present occupation, President and Director of various corporations and Counseling Engineer. Given Third Class, August, 1894, for courtesies and assistance given to the War and Navy Departments of Japan. Present address, Little Boar's Head, N. H. JENNINGS, FREDERIC BEACH Born, Bennington Center, Vt. Graduated from Williams College, 1872 ; A. M., 1875 ; graduated Harvard Law School, 1874; New York Uni- versity Law School, 1875. Admitted to New York Bar, 1875 ; now of firm of Stet- son, Jennings & Russel; vice-president Hudson & Man- hattan R. R. Co., Long Dock Co., First National Bank of North Bennington, Vt. ; director Chicago & Erie R. R. Co. ; American Trading Co. ; International Paper Co. ; Hudson Co. ; Atlantic Coast Steamship Co. ; New York Trust Co. ; general counsel Erie R. R. Co. ; International Paper Co. ; Trust Company of America ; The Associated Press ; Continental Paper Bag Company, and various other railroads, banks and corporations. OF FOREIGN ORDERS m Member of Century, University, Union League, Met- ropolitan, Raquet and Tennis, New York Athletic, City, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Down Town Association, City Mid- day, West Chester Country, St. Andrews' Golf, Garden City Golf Clubs. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 15 Broad Street, New York. JUNKER, AUGUST Fifth Class, 1905. Tokio, Japan. KNOX, GEORGE WILLIAM Born, Rome, N. Y. Graduated from Hamilton, 1874; Auburn Theological Seminary, 1877 (D. D., Princeton, 1888; LL. D., Hobart, 1904). Engaged in missionary work in Japan; professor homi- letics, Union Theological Seminary, Tokio ; professor philosophy and ethics, Imperial University, Japan; re- turned to United States and became pastor of Presby- terian Church, Rye, N. Y. ; vice-president Asiatic So- ciety of Japan ; lecturer on apologetics, Union Theological Seminary, N. Y. ; professor philosophy and history of re- ligion, Union Theological Seminary, N. Y. ; Nathaniel Taylor, lecturer, Yale. Member of Apawamis (Rye, N. Y.) and Century Clubs. Author of: (in Japanese) Brief System of Theology; Outlines of Homiletics ; Christ the Son of God; The Basis of Ethics ; The Mystery of Life ; (in English) A 180 AMERICAN MEMBERS Japanese Philosopher ; Autobiography of Arai Hakuseki ; The Christian Point of View; The Direct and Funda- mental Proofs of the Christian Religion; Japanese Life in Town and County; The Spirit of the Orient; The De- velopment of Religion in Japan. Present occupation, Clergyman and Author. Given Fourth Class in 1908. Present address, 700 Park Avenue, New York. LADD, GEORGE TRUMBULL Born in Painesville, O. Educated Western Reserve CoHege, Andover Theologi- cal Seminary, and Princeton University. Served as professor, philosophy, Bowdoin College; lec- turer, Andover Theological Seminary, lecturer and con- ductor of Graduate Seminary at Harvard University; lectured in many foreign countries on philosophy. Author of: Principles of Church Polity; Doctrine of Sacred Scriptures ; Philosophy of Knowledge, Philosophy of Mind, Essays on the Higher Education, and many other works and magazine articles. Member of American Psychological Association; American Association of Naturalists ; American Philoso- phical Association ; American Oriental Society. At present, Professor Philosophy, Yale University. Created Member of the Order of the Rising Sun, Octo- ber, 1899, for distinguished service. Present address, 204 Prospect Street, New Haven, Conn. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 181 LAPRAIK, GEORGE STEPHENSON Sixth Class, 1906. Nipon Yusen Kaisha, Tokio, Japan. LAUGHLIN, ERVVIN B. Fourth Class. United States Embassy, Berlin. LOW, SETH Born, Brooklyn, N. Y. Prepared in Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute; graduated from Columbia, 1870 (LL. D., University State of New York, 1900; Amherst, 1889; University of Pennsylvania, Harvard and Trinity, 1890; Princeton, 1899; Yale, 1901). Mayor of Brooklyn, 1881-5; president of Columbia Uni- versity; delegate to Peace Conference, Hague, 1899; trustee Carnegie Institution, Washington. Member of Archaeological Institute, America; Geo- graphic Society of New York; New York Academy of Political Science; New York Academy of Sciences. Present address, 30 East 64th Street, New York. MacCAULEY, clay Born, Chambersburg, Pa. Graduated, Princeton, 1864 (A. M., 1867) ; graduated in divinity from Theological Seminary of the Northwest, Chicago, 1867; read philosophy and divinity, Heidelberg University. 182 AMERICAN MEMBERS Lieutenant of Company D, 126th Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and on staff of General Sturgis; prisoner of war, Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., 1863 ; captured at Chancel- lorsville, 1863; member of Christian Commission in United States of America; collaborator, Bureau of Eth- nology, Washington, among Indians east of Mississippi River, especially among Seminoles of Florida; pastor of First Church, Waltham, Mass. ; All Souls Church, Wash- ington ; director of Japan Mission of American Unitarian Association; president and professor of philosophic and historic theology, College for Advanced Learning, Tokio, Japan; delegate from Japan to Eighth International Geo- graphic Congress ; member of Loyal Legion ; Philoso- phischer Verein and Literarischer Verein, Dresden. Member of Anthropological Society, Philosophical So- ciety and Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, Asiatic So- ciety of Japan; St. Botolph, Papyrus (Boston), Univer- sity (Providence) Clubs. Author of: Christianity in History; Introductory Course in Japanese; Hyakuin-isshu (Single Songs of a Hundred Poets), metrical translations from Japanese; Japanese Literature; A Day in the Very Noble City, Manila; also several translations from Japanese — all pub- lished in Japan; Religious Problems of Japan — How Solve It ? ; Florida Seminoles ; Present Religious Condi- tion of Japan ; Edited Japanese Unitarian Magazine Shukyo (religion) ; regular Japan correspondent Boston Transcript and contributor to Japan Mail, Tokio; con- tributor to magazines and newspapers of articles on Japan and on the Philippine Islands question. Present occupation, Unitarian Clergyman and Author. Given Fifth Class, 1910. Present address, St. Botolph Club, Boston, Mass. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 183 McCOOK, JOHN JAMES Born, Carrollton, O. Studied at Kenyon College before Civil War; re-en- tered at close and graduated 1866; A. M., 1869; LL. B., Harvard, 1869 (A. M., Princeton; LL. D., University of Kansas and Lafayette College). Served in Civil War ; now senior member Alexander & Green, one of oldest legal firms in United States; coun- sel for railroads, financial, insurance and other corpora- tions ; chairman Army and Navy Christian Commission of the Young Men's Christian Association during war with Spain; trustee Kenyon College; director of Prince- ton Theological Seminary; president Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Kappa Epsilon Alumni Associations and Ohio So- ciety of New York. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 120 Broadway, New York. Mccormick, robert Sanderson Born, Rockbridge County, Va. Educated at Dr. Quackenbos' private school, Chicago preparatory department, University of Chicago, and at University of Virginia. Secretary of legation in London ; official representative at World's Columbian Exposition in London 1892-3 ; E. E. and M. P., first ambassador to Austria-Hungary; United States ambassador to Russia and France. Member of the Chicago, Union, University (N. Y.), St. James (London), Travelers' (Paris) Clubs. Present occupation, Diplomat. 184 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given First Class, 1907. Present address, Chicago Club, Chicago, 111. MacFADDEN, J. FRANKLIN " Fourth Class, 1908. Present address, 123 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. McGIBBONS, JOHN H. Fifth Class, 1905. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) MacVEAGH, CHARLES Third Class, 1908. Present address, 15 Broad Street, New York. MARSH, CHARLES C. (U. S. Navy) Fourth Class. MEYER, GEORGE VON LENGERKE Born, Boston, Mass. Graduated from Harvard, 1879. Engaged in business as merchant and trustee since graduation ; member of Boston Common Council, board of aldermen; Massachusetts Legislature (Speaker of House) ; chairman of Massachusetts Paris Exposition managers; elected Massachusetts member of Republican National Convention; director of Amoskeag Manufactur- ing Co., the Armory Co., Old Colony Trust Co., National Bank of Commerce, United Electric Security Co., Walter OF FOREIGN ORDERS 185 Baker Co. ; president Ames Plow Co. ; American Ambas- sador to Italy, Russia; recalled in order to become a member of President Roosevelt's Cabinet as Postmaster- General, United States. Present occupation, Secretary of the Navy. Given First Class in 1907. Present address, Washington, D. C. MORSE, EDWARD SYLVESTER Born in Portland, Me. Educated at Bethel, Me., Academy, Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard and Bowdoin. Was professor of comparative anatomy and zoology, Bowdoin; professor zoology, Imperial University, Tokio, Japan, and authority on Japanese ceramics. Author of: First Book of Zoology; Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings ; Glimpses of China and Chinese Homes ; and many papers on zoology, ethnology and archaeology. Member National Academy of Science, Boston Society of Natural History, American Society of Naturalists, Essex Institute, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Institute of Architects, Academy of Natural Science, and many foreign societies connected with art. At present, Director of the Peabody Academy of Science of Salem, Mass. Created, in 1898, a member of the Order of the Rising Sun of Japan in recognition of services rendered for the advancement of science. Present address, Salem, Mass. 186 AMERICAN MEMBERS PERRY, WILLIAM A. Third Class, 1906. Present address, New York City. PEVERLEY, ROBERT Fifth Class, 1906. Present address, Nipon Yusen Kaisha, Tokio, Japan. ROGERS, HOWARD JASON Fifth Class, 1904. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) SCHIFF, JACOB HENRY Second Class, 1906. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) SCIDMORE, GEORGE HAWTHORNE Born, Dubuque, la. Educated in private schools, Madison, 'Wis., and Wash- ington; LL. B., law department, National University, Washington, 1876. Consular clerk at Liverpool and Paris ; vice-consul at Dunfermline, at Osaka and Hingo; vice-consul-general, Shanghai; vice- and deputy-consul-general, Kanagawa; special agent to investigate claims American citizens in Fiji Islands; deputy-consul-general, Kanagawa and Yoko- hama ; legal adviser to American legation, Tokio ; consul at Nagasaki, since 1907 ; was barister and solicitor of Britain Court for Japan ; lecturer several years on Ameri- can and English Law, Tokio English Law School. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 187 Member of Asiatic Society, American Asiatic Associa- tion, and of the Tokio, Yokohama Social, Kobe, Naga- saki, and Nagasaki International Clubs. Author of: American Consular Courts in Japan; also numerous reports to Department of State. Present occupation, Consul. Given Fifth Class. Present address, American Consulate, Nagasaki, Japan. SEAMAN, LOUIS LIVINGSTON Born, Newburgh, N. Y. Graduated from Cornell, 1873 ; Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, 1876; also University Medical College, City of New York, 1877; graduated, law department, University of New York, LL. B., 1884. Resident surgeon, New York State Emigrant Hospital; superintendent, State Emigrant Insane Asylum ; chief of staff of the various hospitals and the Training School for Nurses, Blackwell's Island ; made tour around the world, 1886, with special study in hospitals of India, of contagious and epidemic diseases peculiar to the Orient; delegate to International Congresses of London, 1881 ; Berlin, 1894; Moscow, 1897; Paris, 1900; Madrid, 1903; Lisbon, 1906; major-surgeon, First Regiment, United States Volunteer Engineers in Spanish-American War; surgeon-general Spanish-American War Veterans ; served with Second Imperial Army of Japan, at the front, Manchuria. Author of : The Real Triumph of Japan ; The Social Waste of a Great City; From Tokio Through Manchuria With the Japanese; Observations on the Boxer War; The Army Cartridge Belt ; Native Troops for Our Colo- nial Possessions ; also various medical papers. AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Physician. Given Fourth Class in 1908. Present address, 247 5th Avenue, New York. SMITH, N. F. Fourth Class, 1908. Present address, Yokohama, Japan. SNYDER, VALENTINE P. President and director National Bank of Commerce; director Equitable Life Assurance Society of United States, Audit Company of New York, Casualty Company of America, Union National Bank (Newark), Mercantile Trust Co., Merchants' Safe Deposit Co., United States Mortgage and Trust Co., Essex County Trust Co. (East Orange, N. J.), Morton Trust Company, National Ex- hibition Co. ; trustee American Surety Co., Equitable Trust Co. of New York, Fifth Avenue Trust Co. ; and many other corporations. Present occupation, Banker. Given Third Class in 1906. Present address, 15 Nassau Street, New York. STEVENS, WALTER B. Fourth Class, 1906. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 189 STILLMAN, JAMES Born, Brownsville, Tex. Educated in private schools at Sing Sing, N. Y. Partner in Smith, Woodman & Stillman, and later, Woodman & Stillman, cotton commission merchants ; now senior partner ; also president Second National Bank ; vice-president Fidelity Bank; director of various railroad companies ; member board of managers Western Union Telegraph Co., banks of New York and Washington; Amalgamated Copper Co., N. British and Mercantile In- surance Co., Queen Insurance Co., and many railway, financial, insurance and other corporations. Present occupation, President National City Bank. Given Third Class, 1906. Present address, 52 Wall Street, New York. STOCKBRIDGE, HORACE EDWARD Atlanta, Ga. STONE, MELVILLE E. Given Second Class in 1908. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) SWAIN, RICHARD Fifth Class, 1906. Present address, Nipon Yusen Kaisha, Tokio, Japan. TAYLOR, FREDERICK WILLIAM Chevalier, 1904. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) igo AMERICAN MEMBERS TERRY, HENRY TAYLOR Born, Hartford, Conn. Educated, Hartford public and high schools; graduated from Yale, 1869; studied law in office of \Yelch & Ship- man, Hartford, Conn. Professor of law, Imperial University, Tokio, Japan ; returned to United States and began law practice in New York; returned to Japan and resumed professorship of law in Imperial University. Author of : First Principles of Law ; Leading Princi- ples of Anglo-American Law; The Common Law. Present occupation, Lawyer. Received Third Class in 1908. Has also Sacred Treasure (Japan). Present address, 13 Rcinanzaka, Machi, Akasaka, Tokio, Japan. WADDELL, JOHN ALEXANDER LOW Bom, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada. Educated, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. McGill University. Was professor of mechanics in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1880, Imperial University of Japan, 1882-1886; with Canadian Pacific Railway in engineering work, 1876; consulting bridge engineer since 1887. Author of : The Designing of Ordinary Highway Bridges; A System of Iron Railway Bridges for Japan; De Pontibus ; Specifications for Steel Bridges ; extensive contributor to engineering societies, engineering journals. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 191 Member of American Society of Civil Engineers, Insti- tution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, Rensselaer Society of Engineers, So- ciety for the Promotion of Engineering Education, etc. At present, senior of firm of Waddell & Hedrick, Kan- sas City. Given Third Class for professional services rendered. Present address, Kansas City, Mo. WALZ, WILLIAM E. Present address, Bangor, Mc. WARD, GEORGE GRAY Given Third Class in 1906. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) WATTS, ETHELBERT Given Third Class. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) WELLS, ROLLA Given Fourth Class in 1905. (For sketch see China, Double Dragon.) WILLIAMS, GEORGE BURCHELL Born, Lockport, N. Y. Educated at Lockport Union Academy. Supervisor of internal revenue for Indiana ; deputy commissioner of internal revenue, Washington, D. C. ; 192 AMERICAN MEMBERS selected by Emperor of Japan as financial advisor of Japanese Government; special commissioner of Japan to Europe in connection with financial matters; delegate to Republican National Convention, Chicago, 1884. Member of Metropolitan, Chevy Chase (Washington) and New York Yacht Clubs. Given Fifth Class. Has also Osmanie (Turkey). Present address, 2121 Bancroft Place, Washington, D. C. WILSON, HUNTINGTON Born, Chicago, 111. Attended Yale, B. A., 1897. Appointed second secretary legation, Tokio ; secretary of legation; charge d'affaires; secretary of embassy; Assistant Secretary of State since 1906. Member of National Geographic Society, Archaeologi- cal Institute of America, National Red Cross Society, Loyal Legion, S. A. R., and of the Metropolitan and Chevy Chase Clubs. Present occupation, Diplomat. Given Third Class. Present address, Department of State, Washington, D. C. WOODFORD, STEWART LYNDON Given Second Class in 1908. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 193 THE ORDER OF THE SACRED TREASURE was founded on January 3, 1888, and comprises eight classes. The rules for wearing the insignia are the same as those given in connection with the Order of the Rising Sun. It might be said that in both of these Orders there are only five classes — the three lower classes being re- garded as medals. Ribbon, blue with two orange stripes on each side. ANGELL, JAMES BURRILL Born, Scituate, R. I. Educated at Brown, Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, Yale, Johns Hopkins and Harvard Universities, Univer- sities of Wisconsin and Vermont ; studied in Europe. Professor of modern languages and literature ; editor of Providence Journal ; president of University of Ver- mont and University of Michigan ; United States Minister to China, acting as commissioner in negotiating important treaties ; member of Anglo-American International Com- mission on Canadian Fisheries ; chairman of Canadian- American Commission on Deep Waterways from Lakes to Sea ; appointed minister to Turkey. Author of : Progress in International Law ; The Higher Education. Given First Class, 1909. Present address, Ann Arbor, Mich. 194 AMERICAN MEMBERS BELMONT, PERRY Born in New York City. Educated at Harvard College, University of Berlin, Columbia Law School, New York City. Was Member of United States Congress, inspector-gen- eral, with rank of major, United States Army, during Spanish-American War ; minister to Spain ; member of Democratic State Committee, New York ; member of New York Bar, member of United States Supreme Court Bar. Author of : Congress, the President and the Philip- pines (North American Review, December, 1899) ; The President's War Power and an Imperial Tariff (North American Review, March, 1900) ; Plight of the Democratic Party (North American Review, February, 1901). At present, Lawyer. Member of Union, Metropolitan, University, Knicker- bocker, Manhattan, Democratic, Army and Navy, New York Yacht, New York Athletic, Riding, Coaching, Fencers', Turf and Field, Jockey Clubs, New York ; Met- ropolitan Club, Washington; Rhode Island Yacht Club, Harvard Club, Historical Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Municipal Art Society, Society of National Arts, American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, New York Zoological Society. Promoted idea of publicity in election expenditures. Was given Third Class in 1908. Has also Legion of Honor. Present address, 18th Street and New Hampshire Ave- nue, Washington. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 195 BENEDICT, WILLIAM LEONARD Born, Boston, Mass. Attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Member of Metropolitan Club (New York), Union Club (Boston), Society of Mayflower Descendants, So- ciety of Colonial Wars; Sons of the Revolution; St. Nich- olas Society; New England Society, Pilgrim Society, and others. Present occupation, Banker. Given Fourth Class, March 23, 1908, in recognition of valuable services to Japan. Present address, 56 Wall Street, New York. BETHELL, U. N. Fifth Class. New York. CONGDON, JOSEPH WILLIAM Born, New York. Educated, New York City public schools and Bingham- ton, N. Y., Academy. Engaged as manufacturer of silk products ; president of Phoenix Silk Mfg. Co., Paterson, N. J., and Adelaide Silk Mills, Allentown, Pa., and Tilt Silk Mills, Potts - ville, Pa. ; was alderman, Paterson, N. J. ; served in N. G. S. N. Y., Veteran Corps, New York, Paterson Light Guard, and National Guard, N. J. ; was Grand Master of Masons, N. J. ; grand commander K. T. of New Jersey ; president of Silk Association of America. 196 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of S. A. R., New Jersey Historical Society, New Jersey Rifle Association; and of the Union League, Lotos, New York Athletic, Republican, Army and Navy, Merchants' Central (New York), Hamilton, New Jersey Country and Livingston Clubs. Present occupation, Manufacturer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, Paterson, N. J. DeLIMA, e. s. a. Third Class. New York. DENISON, HENRY WILLARD First Class. (For sketch see Japan, Rising Sun.) FAIRCHILD, CHARLES STEBBINS Born, Cazenovia, N. Y. Graduated from Harvard, Harvard Law School, 1865. Became deputy-attorney-general of New York and later attorney-general of New York; Assistant Secretary and later Secretary of the Treasury, United States ; president of New York Security and Trust Co. ; ex-president and ex-treasurer of State Charities Aid Association; vice- president of Charity Organization Society of New York; trustee of New York Life Insurance Co. ; overseer Har- vard College. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 197 Member of Bar Association, New York, and of the University, Harvard, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Alpha Delta Phi (New York), Metropolitan (Washington), Ardsley, and Garden City Golf. Present occupation, Lawyer and Banker. Given Second Class in 1908. Present address, 10 W. 8th Street, New York. FENOLLOSA, ERNEST F. Third Class. (For sketch see Japan, Rising Sim.) FERGUSON, JOHN CALVIN Fourth Class. (For sketch see China, Double Dragon). HAMLIN, CHARLES SUMMER Born, Boston, Mass. Graduated from Harvard, 1883 (A. M., 1886) ; Harvard Law School, 1886 (LL. D., Washington and Lee Univer- sity, 1897). Was alternate to Democratic National Convention, 1892 ; Assistant Secretary of Treasury, United States ; special commisioner of United States to Japan; commis- sioner at convention between Russia, Japan and United States; and commissioner at convention between Great Britain and United States to determine fur-seal fishery controversy; member of board of Paris Exposition Com- missioners from Massachusetts ; delegate to National Democratic Convention, St. Louis, 1904; member of ex- ecutive committee Civic Federation of New England; AMERICAN MEMBERS of the council Boston Bar Association ; American Bar Association delegate to International Arbitration Con- vention, N. Y. Author of : Index Digest of Interstate Commerce Laws; also several pamphlets on statistical and financial subjects. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. HARRIS, MERRIMAN COLBERT Born, Beallsville, O. Educated, Rural Seminary and Scio College, Scio, O. ; Washington Academy, Ohio Allegheny College, A. B., 1873; LL. D., 1904. Served in Ohio Volunteer Cavalry in Civil War; joined Pittsburg Conference; appointed to Japan; became mem- ber of Japan Conference; superintendent of Japanese Mission of Methodist Episcopal Church in San Francisco, establishing Japanese missions in Hawaii and on the Paci- fic Coast, and organizing them into a Pacific Japanese Mission ; elected bishop of Japan and Korea. Member of Asiatic Society, Japanese Society of Lon- don, G. A. R., Ohio Society of California. Author of: One Hundred Years of Missions; Japanese Proverbs. Present occupation, Bishop Methodist Episcopal Church. Given Third Class in 1905. Present address, Aoyama, Tokio, Japan. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 199 HIBBEN, PAXTON Fourth Class. United States Legation, The Hague. HOLT, HAMILTON Born, Brooklyn, N. Y. Graduated from Yale, 1894; post-graduate studies in sociology and economics, Columbia, 1894-7. Managing editor The Independent; member of execu- tive Committee of Citizens' Union, New York Peace So- ciety, Woman's Trade Union League, International Con- ciliation Society, American Association for Labor Legis- lation, National Civic Federation. Member of Century, Social Reform, Authors', Feb- ruary, and Independent Clubs. Author of : Undistinguished Americans ; occasional contributor to reviews. Present occupation, Editor. Given Third Class in 1909. Present address, 130 Fulton Street, New York. HONE, JOHN Third Class, 1908. New York City. 200 AMERICAN MEMBERS IRWIN, WILLIAM GEORGE Born in England. Educated at Punahou College, Honolulu. Was president, Chamber of Commerce, Honolulu ; Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association ; member of Privy Council under Hawaiian Monarchy and commissioner to Paris Exposition, 1900. Member of Pacific-Union and University Clubs of San Francisco and Pacific Club of Honolulu. Given Second Class in 1889 for commercial relations with the Government. Has also Christ (Portugal). At present, Banker. Present address, 2180 Washington Street, San Fran- cisco, Cal. KENNAX, GEORGE Born, Norwalk, O. Educated in grammar and high schools. Became telegraph operator, later manager, Western Union office, Cincinnati ; went to Northeast Siberia as ex- plorer and telegraphic engineer; superintendent of con- struction Middle Division Russo-American Telegraph Line ; explored eastern Caucasus ; night manager Asso- ciated Press, Washington ; investigated Russian exile sys- tem in Siberia ; lecturer in United States and Great Britain ; went to Cuba with American National Red Cross Society and as special commissioner for The Outlook ; went to Martinque for The Outlook to study volcano Mont Pelee. Member of American Geographic Society, National Geographic Society, American Institute of Art and Let- ters, and of the Authors' Club of New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 201 Author of: Tent Life in Siberia; Siberia and the Exile System; Campaigning in Cuba; Folk Tales of Napoleon; The Tragedy of Pelee. Present occupation, Author and Lecturer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, care The Outlook, New York. LANIER, CHARLES Born, Madison, Ind. Educated, New Haven, Conn. Was admitted to Winslow, Lanier & Co., bankers, at 23, and is now head of firm ; has been director in many corporations, including West Shore R. R., Central R. R. of New Jersey, Western Union and Central and South American Telegraph Cos., National Bank of Commerce ; director Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Ry. Co., Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. ; trustee of Mutual Life Insurance Co., treasurer American Museum Natural His- tory; supporter of Metropolitan Museum of Art, Ameri- can Geographic Society. Present occupation, Banker. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 59 Cedar Street, New York. LOOMIS, FRANCIS B. Given First Class in 1908. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) 202 AMERICAN MEMBERS MILLER, HARRY IRVIXG Born at Cleveland, O. Educated at Russell's Collegiate School, New Haven, Conn. ; Mt. St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md., and Cornell University. Entered service Pennsylvania Lines as clerk in office of superintendent, Richmond, Ind. ; chief clerk to superin- tendent, Indianapolis and Vincennes R. R, Indianapolis; chief clerk to superintendent, Pennsylvania Lines, Rich- mond, Ind. ; inspector masonry and later assistant en- gineer Pennsylvania Lines ; engineer Pennsylvania Lines, Indianapolis to Columbus and Richmond to Logansport; assigned to complete construction Cincinnati and Rich- mond R. R. ; division superintendent Pennsylvania Lines ; general manager Vandalia Line; Rock Island System; vice-president Chicago and Eastern Illinois R. R., Evans - ville and Terre Haute R. R., Evansville and Indianapolis R. R., Evansville Belt Ry. ; president of same since 1906. Present occupation, Railroad President. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 144 Van Buren Street, Chicago. MILLER, RANSFORD S., JR. Fourth Class. State Department, Washington, D. C. MILLETT, FRANCIS D. Given First Class in 1908. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 203 MORSE, JAMES R. Second Class, 1908. 25 Broad Street, New York. NEWCOMB, WILLIAM A. Third Class, 1908. State Department, Washington, D. C. O'LAUGHLIN, JOHN CALLAN Given Second Class in 1908. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) PROCTOR, THOMAS REDFIELD Born in Proctorsville, Vt. Educated, Boston Grammar School; English High School. Was paymaster's clerk and afterwards admiral's secre- tary of the Pacific squadron, United States Navy; is now president of Second National Bank of Utica; trustee of Utica Savings Bank and Utica Trust and Deposit Com- pany ; president of the American Hard Wall Plaster Com- pany ; vice-president of the Utica Daily Press Co. ; trustee of the Utica Steam and Mohawk Valley Cotton Mills Co. ; director Utica Cemetery Association. Member of New England Society of New York; Sons of the Revolution ; the Society of Colonial Wars ; Society of Founders and Patriots of America ; Mayflower So- ciety; member of the Metropolitan, Players', Army and Navy and Republican Clubs of New York, and of the Fort Schuyler Club of Utica. 204 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, President Second National Bank. Given Third Class February 25, 1909, for courtesies to the Japanese Representatives during the Japanese-Russian War. Present address, Utica, N. Y. RICHARD, W. R. Third Class, 1908. Boston, Mass. RICHARDSON, D. S. Fifth Class, 1908. San Francisco, Cal. RUSSELL, LINDSAY Bom, Wilmington, N. C. Educated, University of Michigan. Receiver, Otto Heinze & Co., United Copper Brokers, and of Ennis & Stoppoin ; president of Japan Society and member of Lawyers' and Railroad Clubs. Present occupation, Lawyer. Given Third Class for "meritorious service," cultivat- ing friendly relations between United States and Japan. Present address, 165 Broadway, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 205 SCHIFF, JACOB HENRY Born, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. Educated in schools of Frankfort. Member of firm Kuhn, Loeb & Co., bankers ; director National City Bank, Columbia Bank, Morton Trust Co., Bond and Mortgage Guarantee Co., Title Guarantee and Trust Co., Fifth Avenue Trust Co., Industrial Trust Co., Providence, Western Union Telegraph Co., Woodbine Land Improvement Co., National Bank of Commerce, Newport Trust Co. ; president of Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids ; vice-president and trustee Baron De Hirsch Fund; ex-vice-president New York Chamber of Commerce ; founded Jewish Theological Seminary, the Scientific Museum, Harvard, Nurses' Settlement, New York. Member of American Museum Natural History, Met- ropolitan Museum of Art, American Geographic Society, American Fine Arts Society, and of the Lawyers' and Re- publican Clubs. Present occupation, Banker. Given Second Class in 1906. Has also Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, $2 William Street, New York. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Born in Chicopee, Mass. Educated at public schools and private academy. Was manager of Denver Tribune and other western journals ; chief, mines and mining, World's Fair, 1893 ; director in chief, United States Commission to Paris Ex- 206 AMERICAN MEMBERS position, 1900; director of exhibits, Universal Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. Member of American Institute of Mining Engineers; National Geographic Society; International Museums As- sociation ; American Association for the Advancement of Science ; Chicago Club ; St. Louis Club. At present, Director-in-Chief, Field Columbian Mu- seum, Chicago. Given First Class in 1908. Has also Francis Joseph (Austria), Leopold (Belgium), Civil Merit (Bulgaria), Double Dragon (China), Dannebrog (Denmark) Legion of Honor (France), Sun and Lion (Persia), Crown (Siam), Medjidie (Turkey). • Present address, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, 111. STONE, MELVILLE E. Second Class, 1908. New York City. TERRY, HENRY TAYLOR Third Class. Tokio, Japan. TISON, ALEXANDER Third Class, 1908. Present address, 308 \V. 72d Street, New York. WALTER, AUGUSTUS Sixth Class, 1906. Military Academy, Tokio, Japan. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 207 WEBB, SILAS D. Second Class, 1908. Present address, 32 Burling Slip, New York City. WOOD, OLIVER ELLSWORTH Born, Hartford, Conn. Educated at Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, Conn.; appointed to United States Military Academy; graduated, 1867. Commissioned second lieutenant, first lieutenant, cap- tain, lieutenant-colonel, chief commissary of subsistence, major United States Artillery Corps; brigadier-general, retired after over 40 years' service ; military attache, Japan. Member of Army and Navy and Chevy Chase Clubs. Present occupation, Retired Army Officer. Given Third Class in 1908. Present address, 2117 Bancroft Place, Washington, D. C. YOUNG, EDWARD LEAVIT Fifth Class, 1908. Care of Takata & Co., New York City. CROWN ORDER was instituted for ladies by the Em- press Haru-Ko on January 5, 1888. It has but a single class and the insignia is worn on the left. Ribbon, white with red horizontal stripes. 208 AMERICAN MEMBERS SCIDMORE, ELIZA RUHAMAH Born, Madison, Wis. Educated at boarding schools. Foreign secretary National Geographic Society. Author of : Alaska, the Southern Coast and the Sitkan Archipelago ; Jinriksha Days in Japan ; Westward to the Far East; From East to West; Guide to Alaska and the Northwest Coast; Java, the Garden of the East; China, the Long-Lived Empire; Winter India. Present occupation, Author. Given Sixth Class in 1908. Present address, 1837 M Street, Northwest, Washing- ton, D. C. WEST, MISS A. B. Sixth Class, 1907. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 209 LIBERIA THE LIBERIAN HUMANE ORDER OF AFRICAN REDEMPTION was created by the Legislature of the Republic of Liberia January 13, 1879, in appreciation of signal and distinguished services rendered by those filling official positions in other lands as well as the phi- lanthropists and benefactors to humanity who are ex- tending civilization in Africa. There are three classes : Grand Cross, scarf from left shoulder and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, center red, three white stripes alternating with red and blue border on each side. ADDISON, DANIEL DULANY Born, Wheeling, W. Va. Graduated from Union College, 1883 (D. D., 1901) ; graduated from Episcopal Theological School, Cam- bridge, Mass. Assistant in Christ Church, Springfield, Mass. ; rector of St. Peter's Church, Beverly, Mass. ; All Saints' Church, Brookline, Mass. ; president of Beverly Hospital ; trustee of Public Library, Brookline ; examining chaplain to Bishop of Massachusetts ; registrar of the diocese of Massachusetts; trustee of College of Monrovia, Liberia; president of Brookline Educational Society; director of The Church Temperance Society ; member of the execu- tive committee Archdeaconry of Boston, Boston Clericus ; vice-president of trustees Donation of Education in Liberia. Member of Boston Authors', Twenty and Round Table Clubs. 210 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of: Lucy Larcom, Life, Letters and Diary; Phillips Brooks; Life and Times of Edward Bass, First Bishop of Massachusetts; All Saints' Church, Brookline; The Clergy in American Life and Letters; The Episco- palians. Present occupation, Clergyman and Author. Created Chevalier in 1904. Present address, All Saints' Church, Brookline, Mass. ALBERT, ARISTIDES ELPHOXSO PETER Born, St. Charles Parish, La. Graduated from Straight University, Xew Orleans; A. B., B. D., 1881 ; New Orleans University, M. D., 1892 (D. D., Straight University, 1885; Rust University, Miss., 1885). Was licensed to preach 1868; ordained and admitted in Louisiana Conference, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1878; pastor at Houma, La. ; Union Chapel, New Orleans ; Shreveport, La. ; Wesley Church, Xew Orleans ; practising physician; presiding elder La Teche District; New Or- leans North District; president of Gilbert College, Bald- win, La. ; trustee of New Orleans University ; assistant editor and editor of Southwestern Christian Advocate; member of General Conference, Methodist Episcopal Church; Ecumenical Methodist Conferences, Washington and London. Author of: The House of Bondage. One of the editors of United Editors' Encyclopedia. Present occupation, Clergyman. Created Chevalier, 1886. Present address, 1002 Burdette Street, New Orleans, La. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 211 Luxembourg ADOLPH OF NASSAU— Instituted May 8, 1858, by Duke Adolph of Nassau for the purpose of rewarding meritorious services to the Dueal House or achievements in science and art. It has four classes: Grand Cross, scarf, scarf and plaque ; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque ; Commander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, cross. Ribbon, blue with orange band near each border. HESS, WILLY Born, Mannheim, Germany. Educated by father and pupil of Joseph Joachim in Berlin. In early youth made tours in America, Holland, Eng- land, France, Belgium and Germany as soloist and in trio with brother and sister ; at nineteen leader of the opera and the museum concerts at Frankfort-on-Main, where founded a quartet; professor in conservatory, leader of orchestra and leader of string quartet at Rot- terdam; leader of Sir Charles Halle's orchestra at Man- chester and of the Liverpool Philharmonic Society in England, and at Manchester organized a quartet with which gave concerts all over Great Britain ; went to Cologne as principal professor of violin at conservatory and leader of Gurzenich Orchestral Concerts ; principal professor on violin in Royal Academy of Music, London ; concert master Boston Symphony Orchestra and leader of Boston Symphony Quartet. 212 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of St. Botolph (Boston) and Athenaeum (London) Clubs. Present occupation, Musician. Created Chevalier. Present address, Symphony Hall, Boston, Mass. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 213 NORWAY THE ORDER OF SAINT OLAF was founded August 21, 1847, by King Oscar in commemoration of Saint Olaf, who, in 1015, introduced Christianity into Norway. It is conferred in recognition of service to the Sovereign or State and achievements in literature, art or science. Originally there were three classes, but by the statutes of March 17, 1890, there are five. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque; Commander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, First Class, cross with rosette on lapel; Chevalier, Second Class, cross on lapel. Ribbon, red with stripes of white — blue — white on each side. Motto, Ret og Sandhed (Right and Truth). Note : Prior to 1907 this Order was conferred by the King of Sweden and Norway. ANDERSON, JOHN Born in Vass, Norway. Educated in the public schools of Chicago. Has been president Old Time Printers' Association and Old Settlers' Society. Publisher of Skandinaven. Member of the City Club of Chicago. At present, Publisher. 214 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Grand Cross, November 30, 1901, in appreciation of important philanthropic work. Present address, 646 Cleveland Avenue, Chicago, 111. ANUNDSEN, A. Decorah, Iowa. BERTUCH, FRIEDERICH New York City. BIORN, EMIL Born in Norway. Leader in the Chicago Norwegian Colony; director of the Bjorgvin Singing Society. Present occupation, Artist and Leader of Choral So- cieties. Created Chevalier in recognition of work in developing male choral singing and spreading a knowledge of Nor- wegian music in the United States. Present address, 1536 North Oakley Avenue, Chi- cago, 111. BOECKMANN, EDWARD Born in Norway. Graduated from University, Christiania. Surgeon-in-chief Luther Hospital, St. Paul, Minn. ; chief surgeon of volunteers, Spanish-American War; professor ophthalmology, Hamline University. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 215 Author of : Thirty-three medical publications. Member of American Medical Association ; Ramsey County Medical Society; Heidelberg Ophthalmological Society. Present occupation, Physician and Surgeon. Created Chevalier, First Class, October 13, 1906. Present address, Luther Hospital, St. Paul, Minn. BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Chevalier, First Class, December 23, 1895. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) CAPDEVIELLE, PAUL Commander, September 1, 1901. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) DAHL, T. H. Born in Norway. Educated in Christiania and Rock Island, 111. Present occupation, President of United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. Given First Class, May 17, 1908. Present address, 3117 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn. 216 AMERICAN MEMBERS DAVIDSON, O. First Class. San Francisco, Cal. DOE, ANDERS Born, Norway. Educated, University of Christiania, Norway. Present occupation, Practising Medicine. Given First Class in 1906. Present address, 1203 Grand Avenue, Chicago. GREVSTAD, XICOLAY A. Born in Norway. Attended University of Christiania, Norway. Editor Dagbladet, Christiania, Norway ; editorial writer Minneapolis Tribune; editor Times, Minneapolis; editor Skandinaven, Chicago, 111. Author of : Articles in Atlantic Monthly and other magazines. Present occupation, Editor Skandinaven. Created Chevalier, First Class, October 13, .1906, for services to Norway. Present address, 1531 Kenilworth Avenue, Rogers Park, Chicago, 111. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 217 HOEGH, KNUT Minneapolis, Minn. HOVE, E. H. St. Paul, Minn. . KILDAHL, JOHN NATHAN Born Beitstaden, Norway. Educated at public schools, Goodhue County, Minn. ; graduated from Luther College, Decorah, la., Lutheran Seminary, Madison, Wis. Ordained to Lutheran ministry, 1882 ; pastor Wang and Urland Norwegian Evangelistic Lutheran Churches, Goodhue County, Minn. ; Bethlehem Lutheran Church, Chicago. Present occupation, President of St. Olaf College. Chevalier. Present address, Northfield, Minn. KOREN, ULRIK VILHELM Born, Bergen, Norway. Graduated from Cathedral School, Bergen, 1844, Uni- versity of Christiania, 1852 (D. D., Concordia Theologi- cal Seminary, St. Louis, 1903). Ordained at Christiania to Lutheran ministry, 1853 ; pastor near Decorah, la. ; member of the Church Council, Synod Norwegian Evangelistic Lutheran Church in America; president of Iowa District of the Synod; gen- eral president of the Synod. 2i8 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of much literature in pamphlets and church papers. Present occupation, Clergyman. Commander. Present address, Decorah, la. KUNZ, GEORGE FREDERICK Born, New York. Educated, public schools and Cooper Union (Hon. A. M., Columbia ; Ph. D., University of Marbourg, 1903 ; Sc. D., Knox, 1907). Special agent, United States Geological Survey; in charge of department mines, Paris Exposition, 1889; World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; Kimberley Exposi- tion, 1892; special agent of mines, Atlanta Exposition, 1895; Omaha Exposition, 1898; on special investigation United States Fish Commission on American Pearls; special agent to Commissioner-General United States, Paris Exposition, 1900; delegate from United States to International Congress, Paris ; radium commissioner, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; president of New York Mineral Club ; vice-president of American Institute of Mining Engineers; president of American Scenic and Historical Preservation Society, and member of many American and foreign societies. Author of : G-ems and Precious Stones of North America; Pearls in Science, Art and Industry; and over 135 papers on gems, minerals, meteorites, folklore, etc., in magazines and reviews. Present occupation, Gem Expert. Created Chevalier. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 219 Present address, care of Tiffany & Co., New York. LARSEN, PETER LAURENTIUS Born, Christiansand, Norway. Graduated from University of Christiania, Norway, 1850; graduated in theology, same, 1855 (D. D., German Lutheran Synod of Missouri, 1903). Norwegian Lutheran Minister in Wisconsin ; professor at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo. ; president Nor- wegian Lutheran College. Chief editor of the church paper of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod. Present occupation, since 1902 responsible editor of the church paper of the Norwegian Synod, and teacher of Hebrew at the Norwegian Lutheran College. Commander, First Class, March 17, 1908. Present address, Decorah, Iowa. LUND, K. H. Commander, Second Class. LYON, HENRY WARE Born, Massachusetts. Graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1866. Passed through the ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, rear-admiral ; his first sea service was with the Sacramento, which was lost off the coast of India ; commander of United States Steamship Olympia ; commandant of Navy Yard, Mare Island, Cal. 220 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Naval Officer. Created Commander. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. OFTEDAL, SVEN Chevalier, First Class. Minneapolis, Minn. OLSEN, TINIUS Philadelphia. PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE Chevalier, 1898. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) PETTIT, HENRY Born in Philadelphia, Pa., and educated at University of Pennsylvania. Was special agent of United States Centennial Commis- sion to Vienna Exposition, 1873; engineer and architect United States Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1873- 1877; Chief of Bureau of Installation United States Cen- tennial Exposition, 1876 ; architect United States Commis- sion Paris Exposition, 1878; member of Advisory Art Commission for Pennsylvania at World's Columbian Ex- position, 1893. Has made two tours around the world, both eastward and westward; as amateur, has compiled forty volumes of notes on travel ; specialties, music and photography. Created Chevalier, 1877. Has also Legion of Honor (France), Isabella (Spain), Nichan Iftikhar (Tunis). OF FOREIGN ORDERS At present, Retired Civil Engineer. Present address, "The Beeches," Overbrook, Pa., or "Pelican Lodge," W. Palm Beach, Fla. QUALES, NILES T. Born in Norway. Leader in the Chicago Norwegian colony ; president and founder of the Norwegian Old People's Home Society. Present occupation, Physician. Created Chevalier in recognition of extensive charitable work among his countrymen. Present address, 1951 Fowler Street, Chicago, 111. SELLERS, COLEMAN Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated private schools. Was chief engineer, William Sellers & Company, Phila- delphia; chief engineer Niagara Falls Power Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; past president Franklin Institute, Society of Mechanical Engineers, and Pennsylvania School of Industrial Art ; received degrees from Univer- sity of Pennsjdvania and Stevens Institute of Tech- nology; vice-president American Philosophical Society; professor of mechanics Franklin Institute ; inventor of various mechanical and electrical apparatus, embracing about forty patents. Member of Institution Civil Engineers, Great Britain Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Great Britain ; Geneva Society of Arts, American Society of Mechanical 222 AMERICAN MEMBERS Engineers, Civil Engineers, Naval Architects and Engi- neers, Engineers' Club, Philadelphia; Franklin Institute, American Philosophical Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Photographic Society, Historical Society of Philadelphia, University Club, and Sons of the Revolution. At present, Consulting Engineer. Created Commander for achievements in engineering and services rendered to visiting Swedish engineers in America in 1876. Conferred May 14, 1877. Present address, Stephen Girard Building, Philadel- phia, Pa. SMITH, F. N. Chevalier, Second Class. Eagle City, Alaska. STEENSLAND, HALLE Chevalier, 1906, in appreciation of services as Vice-Consul. (For sketch see Sweden, Vasa.) STEJNEGER, LEONARD Born, Bergen, Norway. Graduated from university, Christiania, 1875. Sent on a natural history expedition to Bering Island and Kamtchatka ; assistant curator of birds, National Mu- seum; revisited Commander Islands for Fish Commission to study fur-seal question, and again as member of United States Fur-Seal Commission; delegate from Smithsonian Institution to Zoological Congress and to International Ornithologists' Congress. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 223 Member of Bergen Museum, Academies of Sciences in Christiania and Washington, fellow American Ornitholo- gists' Union, Zoological Society, London, Ornitho- logical Union, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, Biologi- cal Society, Washington ; Permanent International Orni- thological Commission on Nomenclature of International Zoological Congress, Association American Geographers ; California Academy of Sciences. Author of : Norsk Ornitologisk Ekskursjonsfauna ; Norsk Mastozoologisk Ekskursjonsfauna; Results of Or- nithological Explorations in the Commander Islands and in Kamtchatka; Standard Natural History, Vol. IV, Birds ; Report of the Rookeries of the Commander Is- lands, Season of 1897; The Asiatic Fur-Seal Islands and Fur-Seal Industry; The Relations of Norway and Sweden; The Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Terri- tory; The Origin of the So-called Atlantic Animals and Plants of Western Norway; also many monographs and contributions on zoological subjects. Present occupation, Curator of Reptiles, United States National Museum. Given First Class in 1906. Present address, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- ton, D. C. STUB, H. G. Minneapolis, Minn. Persia THE ORDER OF THE SUN AND LION is surrounded by uncertainty as to its origin. It is believed, however, to have been instituted in 1808 by Feth Ali Shah in imita- tion of Selim III who instituted in the Ottoman Empire the Order of the Crescent. The statutes of 1858 follow closely those of the Legion of Honor and provide for five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross with ro- sette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, blue at Persian Court, green for foreigners ; citizens not at Court, red or white. GRISCOM, LLOYD C. Grand Cross in 1902. (For sketch see Venezuela, Bolivar.) HALL, GEORGE ELI Commander. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) SCHOENFELD, HERMAN Commander. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) 226 AMERICAN MEMBERS SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Grand Officier, 1904. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) STEINWAY, CHARLES HERMAN Chevalier. For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 227 Pontifical THE ORDER OF SAINT GREGORY THE GREAT was established as a reward for zeal in the cause of the Roman Catholic Religion, on September 1, 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI. It has four classes : Grand Cross, First Class, scarf and plaque; Grand Cross, Second Class, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, red with yellow borders. Motto, Pro Deo ct Principi. CRIMMINS, JOHN DANIEL Born, New York City. Educated at College of St. Francis Xavier, New York, and public schools. Was partner and later became head of his father's contracting business ; first to make use of mechanical ap- pliances and steam drills in New York; Director of Fifth Avenue Bank; Title Insurance Co. of New York; New York Mortgage and Security Co.; Chelsea Realty Co. ; trustee of Provident Loan Society and of Catholic University of America; Manager of St. Vincent's Hos- pital. Member of Chamber of Commerce, American Geo- graphic Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Mem- ber of the Catholic, Metropolitan, Manhattan and Lotos Clubs. 228 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of: Early Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day in America; Irish-American Historical Miscellany. Present occupation, Real Estate and Banking. Created Commander, Civil Class, October u, 1901, for devotion to and generosity toward Catholic Church in- terests. Present address, 40 East 68th Street, New York. POPE, GEORGE P. Born, New York City, N. Y. Educated in public schools of New York. Has held the position of President of three Industrial Companies. Created Commander for charitable services. Present address, 871 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. ROCHE, CHARLES PERCY DE LA Philadelphia, Pa. SINGENBERGER, JOHN Milwaukee, Wis. STEINBACH, IRWIN Present address, 937 President Street, New York City. WENTWORTH, MME. LA MARQUISE DE Present address, 15 Avenue des Champs Elysees, Paris, France. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 229 Portugal SAINT JAMES (OF THE SWORD) was originally a Spanish Order, but adopted by Portugal in 1830 and by statutes of October 31, 1862, it is conferred in appre- ciation of achievements in literature and science. It has four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Commander, cravat and plaque ; Officier, cross with rosette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, violet. The number of foreigners is limited. Note. — This Order is sometimes called Santiago, or St. Iago. CHATFI ELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Chevalier in recognition of literary services rendered in articles on Lisbon, in 1905. (For sketch see Venezuela, Bolivar.) LANG, HENRY ROSEMAN Born at Wartau, in Canton of St. Gall, Switzerland. Graduated at Zurich, 1874, Ph. D., Strassburg Univer- sity, 1892. Professor of Latin in State Normal College, Nash- ville, Tenn. ; instructor in modern languages in High School, Charleston, S. C. ; in the Swain Free School, New Bedford, Mass. ; instructor in Romance language ; 230 AMERICAN MEMBERS assistant professor and later professor of Romance phil- ology and of Romance languages and literature, Yale. Member of American Dante Society, Modern Language Association of America, etc. ; corresponding member of Royal Portuguese Academy of Science, Royal Academy of Galicia (Spain), Historical and Geographical Institute of Brazil. Author of Cancioneiro del Rey Denis ; Liederbuch des Konigs D. Denis; The Descort in Old Portuguese and Spanish Poetry; Cancioneiro Gallego-Castelhano, the Ga- lician Poems of the Gallego-Castilian School; also nu- merous scientific articles in various journals. Present occupation, Educator and Author. Created Commander 1903. Present address, 60 Trumbull Street, New Haven, Conn. SKIFF, FREDERICK JAMES VOLNEY Commander in 1903. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) THE MILITARY ORDER OF CHRIST was created by Dionysius, or Dennis, King of Portugal, in 1319. The Order, which consisted of three classes, was only open to Roman Catholics of noble lineage. In 1789 it was secular- ized but restricted to persons with certain property quali- fication and its conferring gave titles to the recipients. For foreigners, it is an honorary distinction. There are three classes : OF FOREIGN ORDERS 231 Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Commander, cravat and plaque; Chevalier, cross on lapel. If the recipient desires to have his insignia mounted with diamonds, special forms are prescribed differing from the others. On State occasions the Chevalier may wear his cross on a cravat. Ribbon, red (quite similar to the Legion of Honor). CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Chevalier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) ELLIOTT, DANIEL GIRAUD Chevalier. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) HALL, GEORGE ELI Born, Nice, France. Educated Galliard College and Academie des Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Leipzig, ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Consul-General of Turkey; secretary-general of the Ottoman Commission, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; Presi- dent of San Francisco Chapter Society of Colonial Wars. Member of S. A. R., Society of the Cincinnati (State of New Hampshire) Military Order of Foreign Wars ; and of the Pacific Union Club. Author of : A Balloon Ascension at Midnight. Present occupation, Financier, Consular Official. 232 AMERICAN MEMBERS Made Commander. Has also Order of Conception of Villa-Vicosa (Portugal), Medjidie and Osmanie (Tur- key), Lion and Sun (Persia), Nichan Iftikhar (Tunis). Present address, Pacific Union Club, San Francisco, Cal. IRWIN, WILLIAM GEORGE Commander. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Chevalier, First Class. (For sketch see Austria, Francis Joseph.) LE DUC, ALPHONSE Born in Montreal, Canada. Educated St. Marie College, Montreal and Toronto Colleges. Was special commissioner New Orleans Exposition, 1884; alternate national commissioner, Chicago Exposi- tion, 1893 ; United States commissioner to Antwerp Ex- position, 1894; served on Gen. N. P. Banks' staff during the War of the Rebellion. Member of the Chicago Board of Trade. Present occupation, Broker. Created Commander, 1893, for services rendered the Government at the Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. Has also Merite Agricole (France), Crown (Siam). Present address, 67 Board of Trade, Chicago. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 233 STEVENS, CHARLES ELLIS Born in Boston, Mass. Educated at University of Pennsylvania; Yale Uni- versity, Berkley Divinity School, University of Wooster, and Kings College, Canada. Was rector of the Church of the Ascension, Brook- lyn, N. Y. ; associate editor of Living Church ; archdea- con of Brooklyn ; lecturer on Constitutional Law in Wooster University; St. Stephens College, and Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Author of : The City, New York ; Sources of the Con- stitution of the United States, translated into French and published in Paris ; The Romance of Arenfels and Other Tales of the Rhine. Member Union League Club, Philadelphia ; Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution, Royal Geographic Society, American Geographical Society, American Eth- nological Society, New York Historic Society. At present, Rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, Pa. Created Commander for services to political science and constitutional law. Has also Isabella the Catholic (Spain). Present address, in Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. TAYLOR, FREDERICK WILLIAM Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) 234 AMERICAN MEMBERS VINCENT, FRANK Born, Brooklyn, N. Y. Educated Yale University, graduating in 1870. Has traveled extensively over the civilized and un- civilized world; explorer of Lapland, Indo-China, Brazil and the Congo Free State. Author of : The Land of the White Elephant ; Through and Through the Tropics ; Norsk, Lapp and Finn ; Around and About South America; In and Out of Central Amer- ica; The Lady of Cawnpore (in collaboration); Actual Africa ; editor of The Plant World ; The Animal World. Member of Geographic Societies of America, Marseilles, Madrid, Sweden, Italy, Vienna, Antwerp, Mexico, Lisbon, Geneva, La Paz, Lima, Argentine, Denmark, Cairo, and Berlin; member of New York Historical Society, Ameri- can Ethnological Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Genootschap, Amsterdam, and National Geographic Society, Washing- ton, D. C. At present, Author and Traveler. Created Commander, 1896, for scientific services ren- dered the Government. Has also Bolivar (Venezuela), Lion (Belgium), Cambodia. Medals from Geographical Society of La Paz, 1890, Gold Medal of Austria for Art, Literature and Science. Present address, 20 West 91st Street, New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 235 ROUMANIA THE ORDER OF BENE MERENTI was founded on March 4, 1876, to reward achievements in science and art. The two medals, gold and silver, are worn as decorations on dark red ribbons. For that reason, this distinction is included in the present work. KITSON, HENRY HUDSON Born, Huddersfield, England. Studied under Bonnaissieux, ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Awarded three gold medals, Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association ; gold medal of honor from American Art Association, New York; medals at Paris Exposition, 1889; World's Columbia Exposition, Chicago, 1893 ; Paris Exposition, 1900. Member of Ethnographical Society of France, National Sculpture Society, National Arts Club (New York), Copley Society, Bostonian Society, Boston Art Club. Present occupation, Sculptor. Created Chevalier. Present address, 221 Columbus Avenue, Boston, Mass. MILLETT, FRANCIS DAVIS Iron Cross. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) 236 AMERICAN MEMBERS SNOWDEN, A. LOUDON Philadelphia, Pa. VON UNSCHULD, MRS. MARIE First Class, January 14, 1902. (For sketch see Turkey, Chefakat.) ZOLNAY, GEORGE JULIAN Born in Pecs, Hungary. Educated at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, Austria. Was president of the St. Louis Artists' Guild, vice- president National Arts Club, New York ; instructor of Sculpture St. Louis School of Fine Arts (Washington University) ; superintendent of sculpture Art Department, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Statues of Edgar Allen Poe, University of Virginia; Jefferson Davis Monument, Richmond, Va. ; Minnie Davis Memorial, Richmond, Va. ; Soldiers' Monument, Owens- boro, Ky. Member of National Arts Club, New York; Architectu- ral League, New York; Municipal Art Society; Artists' Guild, St. Louis ; Society of Western Artists, Washington University Association. Present occupation, Sculptor. Given First Class on June 27, 1900, in recognition of artistic achievements. Present address, 37 West 34th Street, New York City; 4384 Maryland Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 237 CROWN ORDER was instituted by Charles I on May io, 1881, and has five classes : Grand Cross, Grand Officier, Commander, Officier, and Chevalier. Ribbon, light blue with white border. GORE, JAMES H. Grand Officier, 1910. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) KNOWLES, HORACE G. American consul at Bordeaux, France ; E. E. and M. P. Dominican Republic. Given Grand Cross. Has also St. Sava (Servia). Present occupation, Diplomat. Present address, Santo Dominigo. Russia THE ORDER OF SAINT ANNE was founded on Feb- ruary 14, 1735, by Duke Charles Frederick in memory of the Empress Anne and his wife, Duchess Anne Petrowna. According to the statutes of August 28, 1845, it comprises four classes, one of which is exclusively for military officers. First Class, scarf and plaque; Second Class, cravat; Third class, cross on lapel; Fourth Class, enameled cross attached to the sword. Ribbon, red with yellow border. Motto, Ainan. Justitiae pietatis fidei. Festival day, February 14th. BLISS, ROBERT WOODS Third Class. Secretary Legation, Buenos Aires. FERGUSON, JOHN CALVIN Third Class. (For sketch see China, Double Dragon.) GOFF, COLONEL Second Class. 240 AMERICAN MEMBERS GREENE, FRANCIS VINTON Born in Providence, R. I. Educated at United States Military Academy, West Point. Has served in the United States Navy in many capaci- ties since his graduation from the United States Military Academy in 1870; was military attache United State Lega- tion at St. Petersburg ; was with Russian Army in Turkey and afterwards in the United States Navy until 1886, when he resigned; served in the Spanish War as colonel of 71st New York Volunteers at Tampa ; took active part in vari- ous important battles and was promoted to brigadier-gen- eral in 1898; delegate to National Republican Convention, Philadelphia ; police commander in New York since 1903. Author of : The Russian Army and Its Campaigns in Turkey; Army Life in Russia; Mississippi Campaigns of the Civil War ; Life of Nathanael Greene. Member New York Century, University, Metropolitan, Republican, Lawyers', Colonial Wars, and Church Clubs of New York and Metropolitan of Washington, Univer- sity, Buffalo, Ellicott of Buffalo. At present, President of Niagara Construction Co., and Iroquois Construction Co. ; vice-president of Ontario Power Company. Given the Third Class for gallantry in battle. Has also St. Vladimir (Russia), War Medal in silver from King of Roumania, Danube Medal, 1877. Present address, 816 Fidelity Building, Buffalo, N. Y. HOFF, JOHN VAN RENSSELAER Born, Mt. Morris, N. Y. A. B., Union University, New York, 1871 ; A. M., 1874; M. D., 187 1 ; M. D., Columbia, 1874; matriculated Univer- sity of Vienna, 1886 (LL. D., Bucknell, 1907). OF FOREIGN ORDERS 241 Appointed first lieutenant assistant surgeon, captain as- sistant surgeon, major surgeon, lieutenant-colonel, chief surgeon volunteers, lieutenant-colonel deputy surgeon-gen- eral, United States Array; colonel assistant surgeon-gen- eral ; organized the first detachment of the hospital corps in the United States Army at Fort Reno, Ind. Ter., and the first company of instruction, hospital corps, at Fort Riley, Kans. ; chief surgeon 3d corps, Spanish-American War, Porto Rico ; organizer and president Superior Board of Health and Board of Charities, Porto Rico ; in charge of hurricane relief work following disaster of 1899; chief surgeon China Relief Expedition ; detailed as observer with Russian Army, Russo-Japanese War; chief surgeon Department of the Mo., P. I. ; instructor ophthalmology, etc., University of California ; professor Army Medical School ; instructor in military hygiene General Service and Staff College; professor military sanitation, Univer- sity of Nebraska. Member of Association Military Surgeons, United States ; New York Academy of Medicine, Society War of 1812, Loyal Legion, Society of the Dragon, S. R. ; and of the Metropolitan (Washington), Army and Navy (Manila) Clubs. Author of numerous articles on military and medical subjects, reports on sanitary features of Russian Army, etc. Present occupation, Army Officer. Given Second Class. Present address, Manila, Philippine Islands. McCOOMB, MONTGOMERY M. (U. S. Army) Second Class. 242 AMERICAN MEMBERS McCULLEY, NEWTON A. (U. S. Navy) Third Class. MILLETT, FRANCIS DAVIS Fourth Class. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) SCHUYLER, WALTER Second Class. SPEAR, RAYMOND (U. S. Navy) Third Class. THE ORDER OF SAINT STANISLAUS was estab- lished May 7, 1765, by Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski in honor of the Patron Saint of Poland. On December 1, 1815, Emperor Alexander, as King of Poland, confirmed the Order. Czar Nicholas, on December 29, 1831, united it with the Russian Orders, placing it next to St. Anne. According to the statutes of May 28, 1839, it has three classes : First Class, scarf and plaque; Second Class, cravat; Third Class, on lapel. Ribbon, red with two white stripes and red between on each side. Motto, Praemiando incitat. Festival day, May 5th. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 243 ARCHIBALD, JAMES F. J. Born, New York. Educated Ohio Wesleyan University. Served in Chinese-Japanese War; with General Miles through labor riots, in the Sioux campaign, and the last Apache campaign; volunteer aide-de-camp Fifth Army Corps through Spanish War; served in Santiago cam- paign ; was on first scouting expedition that landed in Cuba about a month before the Santiago expedition ; was in Chippewa campaign on Leach Lake ; with army of occupation of Cuba with staff of General Ludlow; with British forces in Soudan, i8pg ; with Boer Army in the South African War ; with Castro's Army during Bar- celona campaign in Venezuela and later followed events of allied forces against Venezuela ; with Philippine con- stabulary against Ladrones ; with Russian Army from be- ginning Russo-Japanese War representing Collier's Weekly. Fellow Royal Geographical Society of London. Author of : Blue Shirt and Khaki ; Tales from the Trenches. Member of the Royal Geographical Society, London ; Society Army of Santiago ; Lambs' Club, New York ; Army and Navy Club, Washington ; Chevy Chase Country Club, Royal Societies Club, London. At present, War Correspondent. Given Third Class. Has also Bust of Bolivar (Vene- zuela). Medals for various campaigns. Present address, Army and Navy Club, Washing- ton, D. C. 244 AMERICAN MEMBERS BAILLY-BLANCHARD, A. Second Class. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) BARKER, WHARTON Born, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated, University of Pennsylvania. Commanded, 1863, a company of colored soldiers, and helped to enlist and organize Third United Stated Col- ored Troops; became member of banking firm of Barker Bros. & Co. ; appointed, 1878, financial agent in United States of Russian Government, and intrusted with the building of four cruisers for its navy; was called to Russia to advise on development of coal mines north of the Azof ; obtained, 1887, valuable railroad, telegraph and telephone concessions from China; founded Investment Company of Philadelphia and the Finance Company of Pennsylvania; founded Penn Monthly, 1869, and merged it, 1880, into The American, a weekly which he still owns and edits. Member of American Philosophical Society and Acad- emy of Natural Sciences. Present occupation, Trustee of University of Penn- sylvania. Created Chevalier, 1879. Present address, 608 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 245 BARRY, THOMAS HENRY Born in New York. Educated in public schools and college, City of New York ; graduated from United States Military Academy, 1877. Served second lieutenant 7th Cavalry; first lieutenant, captain, major and assistant adjutant-general, lieutenant- colonel ; brigadier-general ; served with China relief ex- pedition and in Philippines till July 18, 1901 ; colonel, United States Army; adjutant-general, 8th Army Corps and Department of Pacific in Philippines ; chief of staff Division of the Philippines ; brigadier-general, United States Army, 1903 ; commanded army of Cuban paci- fication. Present occupation, Army Officer. Given First Class. Present address, War Department, Washington, D. C. CLOMAN, SYDNEY (U. S. Army) Second Class. CRANE, CHARLES Second Class. Chicago, 111. HASTINGS, FRANK SEYMOUR Born, New Jersey. Educated in private schools in New York City. 246 AMERICAN MEMBERS President and director in numerous industrial corpora- tions ; composer of music. President of Russian Symphony Society; commodore Seawanhaka Yacht Club; president of Singers' Club. Given Second Class, June, 1908, for interest in further- ing Russian music in America. Present address, 80 Broadway, New York. HIBBEN, PAXTON Third Class. United States Legation, The Hague. HIRTH, FRIEDRICH Born, Grafentonna, Germany. Graduated from gymnasium in Gotha; universities of Leipzig, Berlin and Greifswald; Ph. D. and A. M., Uni- versity of Rostock, Germany. Professor by royal patent in Prussia ; member of Chinese customs service; attached to statistical depart- ment, same, Shanghai; commissioner of customs in Tamsui (Formosa), Chinkiang, Ichang and Chungking; member of Bavarian Academy, Munich ; professor of Chinese literature and head of Chinese Department, Co- lumbia University; consulted by Count von Bulow on Chinese war indemnity question. President of China branch of Royal Asiatic Society, Shanghai ; foreign member of Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, and Royal Academies, Munich and Budapest; honorary and correspondent member of Geographic Societies of Munich, Dresden, Leipzig, Bremen, Oporto ; corresponding member of Anthropologi- cal Society, Berlin ; Societe Asiatique, Paris, and Royal Asiatic Society, Shanghai. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 247 Author of : Text-book of Documentary Chinese, Shan- ghai ; China and the Roman Orient; Notes on the Chinese Documentary Style ; Ancient Porcelain ; Chinesische Studien; Ueber fremde Einflusse in der chinesischen Kunst; Scraps from a Collector's Note Book; Chinese Metallic Mirrors ; Lectures on the Ancient History of China ; and other monographs on Chinese subjects. Present occupation, Professor of Chinese Literature. Made Commander. Present address, Columbia University, New York. HOWE, HENRY MARION Born in Boston, Mass. Educated at Harvard College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Was president of American Institute of Mining En- gineers ; president of Jury on Mines and Mining, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; chairman of Ameri- can Section of International Association for Testing Materials. Author of : Metallurgy of Steel, Copper Smelting ; Metallurgical Laboratory Notes ; Iron, Steel, and Other Alloys; Bessemer Medalist; British Iron and Steel Insti- tute; Gold Medalist of the Verein zur Beforderung des Gewerbfleissen, Berlin; Eliot Cresson Medalist, Franklin Institute, Pa. At present, Professor of Metallurgy, Columbia Uni- versity. Member of Century Association, Harvard and En- gineers' Clubs, New York City; Russian Imperial Tech- nical Society, St. Petersburg; British Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. 248 AMERICAN MEMBERS Given Second Class, 1906, in recognition of services to science. Has also Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 27 West 73d Street, New York City. HUNT, HENRY WARREN Born, Dorchester, Mass. Educated in common schools, also studied at Boston Nautical School. Volunteer, United States Navy and Army, 1862; in charge of Massachusetts marine exhibit, Centennial Ex- position, Philadelphia, 1876; appointed to Russian Navy; confidential marine agent of Russia in America ; interested in real estate operations in Massachusetts water fronts ; contributor of important nautical objects to United States National Museum. Member of Quincy Historic Society, Barnstable County Agricultural Society, Bostonian Society, Society of Colo- nial Wars, Boston Dock Commission, 44th Massachusetts Regiment Association, and of the Massachusetts Yacht and Hyannis Yacht Clubs. Present occupation, Real Estate Operator. Present address, 70 State St., Boston, Mass. JUNG, FRANZ AUGUST RICHARD Fourth Class, April 19, 1902. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) MILLET, FRANCIS DAVIS Born in Mattagoisett, Mass. Educated at Harvard University. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 249 Was secretary Massachusetts Commission to Vienna Exposition, 1873 ; correspondent New York Herald, Lon- don Daily News, and London Graphic in Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878; publisher of Translation of Tolstoi's Sebastopol, 1889; director of decorations, 1892-1893, and director of functions, 1893, World's Columbian Expo- sition. Author of : Capillary Crime and Other Stories ; The Danube. Principal Art Productions : Decorations, Trinity Church, Boston, and New York State Building; two Lunettes, Manufacturers' Building, Music Hall, Art Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 111. ; Federal Building, Baltimore. Paintings : At the Inn, Union League Club ; A Cosy Corner, Metropolitan Museum of Fine Arts, New York; Between Two Fires, National Gallery of British Art, London. At Present, Artist. Member National Academy of Design (Academician, 1885), Society of American Artists, Institute of Painters in Oil Colors, London ; honorary member of Architectural League, New York; Cosmos Club. Received Military Cross. Has also Military Cross of St. Anne and Roumanian Iron Cross, Legion of Honor (France). Present address, 6 E. 23d Street, New York. MURPHY Third Class. Present address, 51 West 29th Street, New York. 250 AMERICAN MEMBERS O'LAUGHLIN, JOHN CALLAN March 20, 1902. Present address, Office Chicago Tribune, Wyatt Build- ing, Washington. PEXFIELD, FREDERICK COURTLAXD Second Class, 1897. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) REICHMANN, CARL Born, Unterbohringen, Geislingen, Wurttemberg. Graduated from Gymnasium of Tubingen, Wurttemberg, 1877; student of University of Tubingen, University of ^ [unich. Private, corporal, sergeant, first sergeant, commandant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain, assistant adju- tant-general, captain ; served in the west and Philippine Islands; military attache with Boer Army in South Africa ; with Russian Army in Manchuria. Member of Army and Navy Club, Washington. Translated into English many German works on mili- tary science and tactics. Present occupation, Army Officer. Second Class. Present address, War Department, Washington. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 251 STONE, MELVILLE ELIJAH Born in Hudson, 111. Educated at high school. Was reporter Chicago Trihune, 1864 ; conducted a foun- dry and machine shop, 1869-1871 ; editor of several Chi- cago dailies, 1871-1874; established, with a partner, the Chicago Daily News, 1875 ; in 1881, with Victor F. Law- son, started the Chicago Morning News, which became the Chicago Record; organized the Globe National Bank in 1891 of which he was president until its consolidation with Continental National Bank in 1898. Member of the New York City and Chicago Clubs. At present, General Manager of the Associated Press. Given First Class in 1904 in recognition of services in the extension of news dissemination. Has also Legion of Honor (France), Crown (Prussia), Crown (Italy), Sacred Treasure (Japan), Vasa (Sweden). Present address, Western Union Building, New York City. STOWELL, ELLERY C. Born, Lynn, Mass. Attended Universities of Berlin and Paris, and Harvard University. Secretary of the American Delegation to the London Naval Conference ; instructor in International Law, Col- lege of the Political Sciences, George Washington Uni- versity. Author of : Le Consul ; Consular Cases and Opinions. 252 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. Present occupation, Instructor in International Law, George Washington University. Given Third Class, October 25, 1907, as secretary of the Second Hague Peace Conference. Has also Orange- Nassau (Holland). Present address, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. THE ORDER OF SAINT VLADIMIR was established October 4, 1782, by Empress Catherine II, in honor of Vladimir, who, in 976, introduced Christianity amongst his subjects. At one time one of its rules declared that "whoever, at the peril of his life, saves ten lives from fire or water may claim the lowest grade or a promotion ;" and later a qualification named was "the amicable settle- ment or prevention of law suits." There are four classes : First Class, scarf from the left shoulder and plaque; Second Class, cravat and plaque ; Third Class, cravat ; Fourth Class, cross on lapel. Ribbon, dark red with black border. Motto (In Russian), "utility, honor, reputation." Festival day, July 15th. GREEN, FRANCIS VINTON (For sketch see Russia, St. Anne.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 253 Servia THE ORDER OF TAKOVA was established in 1865 in commemoration of the War of Servian Independence. Originally it was intended as a reward to persons who had aided in securing Servian independence and at first insignias were made from the guns that had been used. By the statutes of January 23, 1883, it was transformed into a Royal Order with five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque ; Commander, cravat ; Officier, cross with ro- sette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, red with white and blue borders. Festival day, February 15th. PENFIELD, FREDERICK COURTLAND Takova Cross. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) SNOWDEN, ARCHIBALD LOUDON (For sketch see Spain, Isabella the Catholic.) ST. SAV A— Instituted January 25, 1883, by King Milan as a recompense for achievements in arts and science. It has five classes : 254 AMERICAN MEMBERS Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross on ro- sette; Chevalier, cross. Ribbon, white with blue stripes near border. KNOWLES, HORACE G. Grand Cross. (For sketch see Roumania, Crown.) VON UNSCHULD, MRS. MARIE Commander, March 16, 1903. (For sketch see Turkey, Chefakat.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 255 SlAM THE ROYAL ORDER OF THE WHITE ELEPHANT OF SIAM was established by the late king in 1861, and extended in 1869 and 1873. It is the highest of the Siam- ese Orders, except the family Order, and has a restricted membership. It has five classes, the first of which is re- served for sovereigns and high officials of long and nota- able service to the kingdom. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque on right side; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross with rosette on lapel; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, rod, green border in stripes separated from the red by threads of yellow and blue. GORE, JAMES HOWARD Chevalier, 1900. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) HYDE, JAMES HAZEN Born in New York. Educated at Harvard University and private studies abroad. Owing to the death of his father, was early called upon to take an active interest in financial institutions, becom- ing a director in a score or more large corporations ; was first vice-president Equitable Life Assurance Society ; in- 256 AMERICAN MEMBERS terested in travel and is a life member of several geo- graphical societies ; member of numerous European and American clubs ; has been instrumental in effecting ex- changes of lecturers between American and French uni- versities, commencing with the founding at Harvard of a course of lectures in French; contributes generously to all agencies and institutions that promote a better under- standing between France and the United States. Created Officier in 1903. Has also Legion of Honor (France), Merite Agricole (France), Nichan Iftikhar (Tunis). Present address, 13 rue Adolphe-Yvon, Paris. THE ORDER OF THE CROWN OF SIAM was estab- lished on December 29, 1869. It is composed of five classes, the first of which is reserved for princes and offi- cials of long and efficient service. Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross with ro- sette on lapel ; Chevalier, cross on lapel. Ribbon, blue, with red, yellow and green border. BALLOW, ALBERT EUGENE Born in Brooklyn, New York. Educated in the public schools of Brooklyn, New York. Member of Masons, 32d, Missouri Athletic Club, and Mercantile Club of St. Louis. Present occupation, Buyer and Manager for Nugent & Brothers Dry Goods Co., St. Louis. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 257 Created Chevalier January 11, 1905, in recognition of services rendered at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Present address, Business, B. Nugent & Bros., St. Louis ; Residence, 4302 Maryland Avenue, St. Louis. BRADDOCK, CHARLES S. Born, Haddonfield, Camden County, N. J. Educated, public school, Philadelphia College of Phar- macy and Jefferson Medical College. Late lieutenant, United States Navy, Spanish-American War ; senior watch officer, United States Steamship Reso- lute ; late chief medical inspector Royal Siamese Govern- ment ; assistant demonstrator diseases of children, Jef- ferson Medical College; -with other physicians, made first smallpox vaccine ever made in Siam ; wrote first books on Modern Medicine printed in Siamese by Siamese Gov- ernment. Member of American Medical Association, New Jersey State Medical Society, Camden County Medical Society. Present occupation, Assistant Medical Examiner, Relief Department, New York. Created Officier, March, 1907, for medical work in fighting Bubonic Plague and Asiatic Cholera. Present address, 165 Broadway, New York, Room 615. GORE, JAMES HOWARD Commander, 1904. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) 258 AMERICAN MEMBERS LE DUC, ALPHONSE Chevalier, igoo. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) McGIBBONS, JOHN HARMON Born in Mendon, 111. Educated at Chaddock College, Quincy, 111. Was professor of Greek at Chaddock College, Univer- sity of the Northwest, and Garfield University ; connected with Bureau of Awards, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 111. ; secretary Superior Jury, St. Louis Ex- position. At present, Chicago Representative of United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company. Created Chevalier in 1905. Has also Leopold (Bel- gium), Legion of Honor (France), Merite Agricole (France), Red Eagle (Prussia), Crown (Italy), Rising Sun (Japan), Iftikhar (Tunis). Present address, 206 La Salle Street, Chicago. SKIFF, FREDERICK J. V. Commander in 1904. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) STEWARD, JOHN FLETCHER Born in Little Rock Township, Kendall County, 111. Educated in the common schools and by private study. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 259 Has been foreman, superintendent and manager of large manufacturing establishments, State commissioner to International Exposition, Vienna, 1873, assistant geolo- gist Colorado River Exploring Expedition. Patented 125 inventions. Author of : Development of Harvesting Machinery and of Lost Marameck and Earliest Chicago. Member Grand Army of the Republic, Chicago Acad- emy of Sciences, Illinois Historical Society, correspond- ing member Chicago Historical Society, president Mara- meck Historical Society. At present, Manager, Department of Patents, Interna- tional Harvester Company. Created Chevalier, January 11, 1905, in appreciation of services rendered as Juror for Siam at the Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition, 1904. Present address, 2189 Sheridan Road, Chicago. THOMPSON, MILLS Born in Washington, D. C. Educated public schools, Corcoran Art School, and Art Students' League, New York. Rendered artistic services in decorating the Congres- sional Library, 1896; 1899-1904 illustrated for leading magazines ; during 1900 art editor Saturday Evening Post; 1903 decorated Siamese Pavillion at St. Louis Exposition. Member Sons of American Revolution, Society of Washington Artists, Cosmos Club, Washington Water Color Society, and Salmagundi Club of New York. 260 AMERICAN MEMBERS At present, Artist, Decorator. Created Chevalier in recognition of artistic services in decorating the Siamese Pavillion at the Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition, 1904. Present address, Saranac Lake, New York. TRELEASE, WILLIAM Born in Mt. Vernon, New York. Educated at Cornell University and Harvard Uni- versity. Served as director of Summer School, Botany, Har- vard ; lecturer at Johns Hopkins ; instructor and profes- sor at University of Wisconsin ; professor Washington University, St. Louis ; director of Shaw School of Botany; director of Missouri Botanical Garden. Has edited and published many articles and works on botanical subjects. Member of American and Foreign Botany Societies ; Wisconsin Horticulture Society; secretary of the Acad- emy of Sciences of St. Louis ; was first president of the Botanical Society of America ; president, Cambridge Entomology Club; National Academy of Science. At present, Director of Shaw School of Botany and Missouri Botanical Garden. Created Chevalier in recognition of services as member of Jury at St. Louis Exposition. Present address, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 261 WESTENGARD, JEXS IVERSOX Born in Chicago, 111. Educated in the public schools and Harvard University ; honorary A. M., Harvard. Practised law in Boston; assistant professor of law in Harvard Law School. At present, General Advisor to His Siamese Majesty's Government Created Grand Officier, September 21, 1905, in apprecia- tion of services to Siam. Has also Legion of Honor (France.) Present address, Bangkok, Siam. Spain THE ORDER OF CHARLES XII was founded by the sovereign of that name in 1771 in honor of the birth of his grandson, Charles Clement. It was confirmed by Pope Clement XIV February 21, 1772. Abolished by Joseph Bonaparte in 1808 after various changes. The statutes of January 7, 1888, give to the Order four classes : Grand Cross, with title of "Excellency," scarf and plaque; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque; Com- mander, Second Class, cravat; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, white with blue borders. Motto, Virtuti et Merito. Festival day, March 25th. ARCHIBALD, JAMES F. J. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD Commander. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) THE ROYAL AMERICAN ORDER OF ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC was created on March 24, 1815, by Ferdinand VII in honor of Saint Isabella of Portugal. -'63 264 AMERICAN MEMBERS It was originally intended as a reward for those who de- fended the American possessions of the Crown. By the statutes of July 26, 1847, there are four classes : Grand Cross, with title of Excellency, scarf and plaque ; Commander, First Class, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, white with yellow borders. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Created Chevalier, December 2, 1892. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD Chevalier. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) HOUGH, WALTER Born in Morgantown, W. Va. Educated at West Virginia Agricultural College and University of West Virginia. Accompanied United States Commission to Columbian Historical Exposition, Madrid, and the Fewkes Expedi- tion to Arizona; has been president, Anthropological So- ciety of Washington, and vice-president American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. Author of various monographs on anthropological subjects. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 265 Corresponding member of Societe d' Anthropologie and Swedish Society of Anthropology and Geography. At present, Assistant Curator in charge of Ethnology, United States National Museum. Created Chevalier in 1893 in recognition of distin- guished service in connection with the Madrid Exposition. Present address, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. KNAPP, WILLIAM IRFXAND Born in New York. Educated, New York and Colgate Universities. Professor of Modern Languages, Colgate University, Vassar College, Yale, University of Chicago and in Eu- rope; since 189S devoted to literary pursuits in England and France; authority in Spanish history and literature. Author of: The Earliest Decree on Printing; Gram- mar of the Modern Spanish Language ; Modern Spanish Readings; Modern French Readings; Life Writings and Correspondence of George Borrow ; editor of : Las Obras de Juan Boscan; Obras Poeticas de Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza; Lecturas Escogidas de Autores Espanoles que Hoy Viven ; Borrow's Lavengero and The Romany Rye; Pascual Lonez by Mme. Pardo-Bazan; many con- tributions to reviews and journals. Present occupation, Educator. Made Commander, 1877. Present address, 191 rue de l'Universite, Paris, France. 266 AMERICAN MEMBERS PETTIT, HENRY Chevalier. (For sketch see Norway, St. Olaf.) SNOWDEN, ARCHIBALD LOUDON Born, Cumberland County, Pa. Graduated from Jefferson College. Register United States Mint; served as lieutenant- colonel in Civil War; chief coiner United States Mint; postmaster of Philadelphia; superintendent of Philadel- phia Mint ; United States Minister to Greece, Roumania and Servia, and later minister to Spain; president com- mission of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia ; orator and writer. Author of many papers on coins and coinage, civil serv- ice and kindred subjects. Has also Saviour (Greece), Takova (Servia), Crown (Roumania) . Present address, 1406 Land Title Building, Philadel- phia, Pa. STEVENS, CHARLES ELLIS Created Chevalier in 1894 in consideration of services rendered to science. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) STRAUS, ADOLPH D. Present address, 20 E. 76th Street, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 267 WILSON, JAMES GRANT Born in New York City. Educated at College Hill, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and by- private tutors. Served in the Union Army as major of 15th Illinois Cavalry and resigned as brigadier-general in 1865 ; since then has been engaged in literary work in New York. Author of many articles, speeches and books about his- toric events and illustrious men, a few of which are : The Life of General Grant, The Presidents of the United States, Bryant and His Friends, Sketches of Illustrious Soldiers, and addresses on Lincoln, Grant, Colonel Bayard, Isaac Hull. At present, Author and Editor. Created Chevalier in recognition of the erection of a bronze statue in Central Park of Christopher Columbus in 1894. Present address, 621 Fifth Avenue, New York. WOODMAN, CLARENCE EUGENE Born in Saco, Me. Educated Trinity College, Hartford; Amherst, and Manhattan. Became a Catholic priest ; lecturer at Catholic Univer- sity of America, 1891-1893. Author of: The Bridal Wreath, Manual of Prayers, Poets and Poetry of Ireland. Member Psi Upsilon Club, Phi Beta Kappa Society, Society of Colonial Wars, Sons American Revolution, 268 AMERICAN MEMBERS Society of War of 1812, Aztec Club, Military Order of the Loyal Legion. At present, Catholic Priest, St. Paul's Church, New- York City. Created Commander for services to Spanish residents in New York. Present address, St. Paul's Church, 415 West 59th Street, New York. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 269 Sweden The Diploma, LITTERIS ET ARTIBUS, is bestowed by the King and resting upon royal decree the recipients are named in this work. AKERLIND, ARVID Born, Sodermannland, Sweden. Educated, The Royal University of Upsala, Sweden. Director-in-chief of American Union of Swedish Singers; musical director of several musical societies in New York. Given Litteris et Artibus, November 22, 1907, for pro- moting Swedish music in the United States. Present address, 546 Dean Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. ENANDER, JOHN ALFRED Born at Westgothia, Sweden. Educated Wenersborg College, Sweden. Was United States minister resident in Denmark, 1889 ; vice-president and chief editor Hemlandet Company. Author of : History of the United States ; Selected Works ; The Northmen in America ; Character of Our Forefathers. President Swedish-American Historical Society and member of literary societies in America and Sweden. 270 AMERICAN MEMBERS At present, Editor-in-Chief of Hemlandet. Was given First Class, June 5, 1903, for literary achievements. Present address, 55 Oak Place, Chicago. HOLMES, LUDWIG Born in Sweden. Educated in Sweden; graduated from Augustana Col- lege, Rock Island, 111., 1886 (A. M., 1891 ; L. H. D., 1897, Bethany College, Kansas; D. D., Whittenberg College, Springfield, O., 1900; L. H. D., Augustana, 1902). Ordained pastor, 1886; president of Iowa Conference, Lutheran Church ; elected secretary Lutheran General Council of United States and Canada; director Upsala College, New Orange, N. J. ; member of board of Immi- grant Mission of Augustana Synod; vice-president of school board and trustee of public library, town of Portland. Author of : Dikter af Ludvig (poems) ; To Oscar II on his 25 years' jubilee as King of Sweden and Norway; Outline for Final Examination of Catechumens ; Nya Dikter af Ludvig (new poems) ; contributor to Swedish annuals, Ungdoms Vannon and Volkyrian. Present occupation, Lutheran clergyman. Given Litteris et Artibus, 1901. Present address, Portland, Conn. THE ORDER OF THE SWORD, or OF THE YEL- LOW RIBBON was founded by Gustavus Vasa in 1522 OF FOREIGN" ORDERS 271 for recognizing acts of bravery. The existing statutes were promulgated on November 25, 1889, giving to the Order five classes : Commander of the Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, cravat and plaque; Chevalier, Grand Cross. First Class, cravat; Chevalier, Grand Cross, Second Class, cross with rosette on left side; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, yellow with blue border. Motto Pro Patria. MEIKLETOHX, GEORGE D. Born, Weyauwega, Waupaca County-, Wis. Educated at State Normal School, Oshkosh, Wis., and University of Michigan, principal high schools, Weyau- wega, Wis., and Liscomb, la.; graduated from University of Michigan. Has been engaged in law practice at Fullerton, Nance County, Nebr. : was county attorney ; elected State Sena- tor two terms; president of Senate during second term; chairman of F.epublican State Convention, 1887-1888; lieutenant-governor of Nebraska, and as such presided over famous joint conventions to canvass election returns of 1891, in which Supreme Court sustained him; member of Congress: Assistant Secretary of War; candidate for United States Senate. Present occupation, Lawyer. Created Chevalier, February 27, 1899. Present address, Omaha, Nebr. 272 AMERICAN MEMBERS THE ORDER OF THE POLE (NORTH) STAR (THE BLACK RIBBON) was founded April 28, 1748, by Frederick I. For citizens of Sweden the statutes, pro- mulgated October 14, 1844, prescribe rigorous conditions for reception and promotion. It is conferred upon for- eigners in appreciation of services to the Kingdom or achievements in literature, art or science. There are three classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, cravat and plaque; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, black. Motto, Nescit Occasum. Festival day, April 28th. ABRAHAMSON, LAURENTIUS G. Present address, 2823 Princeton Avenue, Chicago, 111. ANDREEN, GUSTAV ALBERT Born, Porter, Ind. Educated in public schools of Illinois; Augustana College, Yale University, Universities of Upsala, Chris- tiania. Teacher in Augustana College; Professor at Bethany College; tutor at Yale; chair of Scandinavian Languages at Yale University; president of Augustana College and Theological Seminary. Author of Sevenska Sproket ; Amerika ; The Idyl in German literature; History of Augustana College. Present occupation, President of Augustana College and Theological Seminary. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 273 Created Chevalier, October 26, 1904, for work along educational lines among Americans of Northern descent. Present address, Rock Island, 111. BECK, CARL Born, Neckargemund, Germany. Educated, Lyceum in Heidelberg, Universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and Jena. Professor of surgery, New York Post-graduate Medi- cal School and Hospital; president and surgeon of St. Mark's Hospital ; visiting surgeon German Poliklinik ; officer United States Army Medical Reserve Corps ; cor- responding member of the Munich Medical, the German Urological Societies, Royal Academy of Physicians, Budapest. Author of seven medical text-books, one translated into German, four belletristic books, and of 123 mono- graphs of a surgical nature. Member of German Club, New York. Present occupation, Surgeon. Decorated in 1908 for achievements in science. Present address, 37 E. 61st Street, New York. DANIELS, FRED HARRIS Born, Hanover, N. H. Educated, public schools of Worcester, Worcester Polytechnic Institute and Lafayette College. General superintendent, Washburn & Moen Manufac- turing Co. ; chief engineer, American Steel and Wire Co. ; 374 AMERICAN MEMBERS consulting engineer, United States Steel Corporation, vice-president, American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers. Inventor especially in subjects pertaining to the manu- facture of iron and steel, wire rods and wire commodities. Member of American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers, American Society of Alining Engineers ; Iron and Steel Institute; American Iron and Steel Institute; Du- quesne Club, Pittsburg; Machiney and Engineers' Clubs, New York; Worcester Club, Tatnuck Country Club. Quinsigamond Boat Club; Muskegat Gun Club. Present occupation, Chief Engineer, American Steel & Wire Co., and consulting engineer, United States Steel Corporation. Given first class, January 10, 1910, for accomplishments and general services rendered in the interest of Sweden. Present address, 214 Salisbury Street, Worcester, Mass. FERNSTROM, KARL HEXNIXG Norfolk, Va. FORSANDER, NILS Augustana College, Rock Island, 111. LINDBERG, CONARD EMIL Born Jonkoping, Sweden. Educated in Sweden at Jonkoping College, Augustana College and Augustana Theological Seminary, PhiladeU phia, and Lutheran Theological Seminary, Muhlen^ berg, Pa, :>jC : -»-«li .5- HOTW-EO J. : — 7. 5- Oj=£.» 276 AMERI CAN MEMBERS THOMAS, WILLIAM WIDGERY Born Portland, Me. Graduated from Bowdoin College, i860, A. M. ; (LL. D., Bethany College, 1901) ; read law. United States bearer dispatches; carried a treaty to Turkey; became vice-consul-general at Constantinople, later acting consul, Galatz, Moldavia; war consul at Gothenburg, Sweden; admitted to Maine bar; com- missioner of public lands, Me. ; commissioner of immigra- tion for Maine ; visited Sweden, 1870, bringing back 51 Swedish colonists and settling them in Northern Maine, founding colony of New Sweden; minister resident of United States to Sweden and Norway; American E. E. and M. P., Sweden and Norway; member of Maine Legislature; president of Maine Republican Convention; delegate to National Republican Convention; lecturer on Sweden and Norway. Author of : Sweden and the Swedes ; translated the last Athenian. Member of the Phi Beta Kappa, Maine Historical So- ciety, Swedish Geographical Society, "Idum," Literary Society of Sweden, H. M. King Oscar's Shooting Club, Royal Swedish Yacht Club. Present occupation, Diplomat. Commander, First Class. Present address, Stockholm, Sweden. WAHLSTROM, MATTHIAS Born in Bleking, Sweden. Educated, Augustana College and Theological Semi- nary, Rock Island, 111. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 277 Has held the positions of College President, College Professor, Public Speaker, Minister of the Gospel, Sec- retary of Board of Education, St. Peter, Minn. Member of Library Board, St. Peter, Minn. Writer of several articles for newspapers and periodi- cals, also a few translations. Present occupation, Superintendent, Augustus Hos- pital. Created Chevalier, October 31, 1901, in recognition of his long and efficient service as president and professor in Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn. Present address, 481 Cleveland Avenue, Chicago, 111. THE ORDER OF VASA was founded by Gustavus III on the 26th day of May, 1776, the day of his coronation. It rewards services to the country, the dissemination of useful knowledge in regard to trade, industry and art. By the statutes of April 17, 1890, there are four classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Commander, cravat; Chevalier, First Class, cross with rosette on the left side ; Chevalier, Second Class, cross on left side. Ribbon, Green. Festival day, May 26th. ADOUE, BERTRAND Chevalier, First Class, 1909. Galveston, Texas. 278 AMERICAN MEMBERS ALLEN, HENRY TRUEMAN Born, Sharpsburg, Ky. Received preparatory education in Kentucky and at Peekskill Military Academy, and Georgetown College of Kentucky; graduated from West Point, 1882. Was engaged in exploration of Alaska; instructor in Military Academy ; military attache Russia and Germany ; served in Santiago campaign and in the Philippines cam- paign ; governor of the Island of Leyte ; started organiza- tion of Philippine constabulary as its chief ; brigadier- general and chief of constabulary by act of Congress; now major of the 8th United States Cavalry. Member of American Geographic Society; Medalist Imperial Prussian Geographic Society; and member of many revolutionary and war associations ; also member of the University, Army and Navy (New York) ; Met- ropolitan, and Army and Navy (Washington) Clubs. Author of : Reconnaissance of Copper, Tannana and Koyukuk Rivers ; Military System of Sweden. Present occupation, Army Officer. Created Chevalier, First Class, 1904. Present address, War Department, Washington. ANDERSON, JOHN FRANCIS Commander. Present address, 646 Cleveland Avenue, Chicago, 111. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 279 CHILDBERG, ANDREW Born in Tommaret Knared Sodra, Holland. Educated in High School, Ottumwa, Iowa. Member of City Council, Seattle; was city treasurer; county assessor, and member of City School Board; city passenger and ticket agent for Northern Pacific R. R. ; president of Scandinavian-American Bank, Seattle, since its incorporation. Member of Swedish Club of Seattle; honorary member of Sons of Norway; Lief Erickson Lodge; Odd Fellow; Scandinavian- American Chamber of Commerce; New York Chamber of Commerce and Commercial Club, Seattle. Present occupation, Banker. Created Chevalier, First Class, 1909, for long and faith- ful service rendered the Swedish Government since 1879. Present address, 1107 Boren Avenue, Seattle, Wash- ington. ERICSON, JOHN Born in Sweden. Educated in Elementary and High Schools, Upsala and Royal Polytechnic High School, Stockholm, Sweden. Resident Engineer T. C. and St. L. R. R. ; United States Government Surveys ; Department of Public Works, Chicago ; Assistant Engineer ; First Assistant City Engineer. Author of : Past, Present and Future of Chicago's Water Supply System; Report on Transportation Sub- ways for Chicago. 2&> AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of National Geographic Society; American Society of Civil Engineers; American Society of Me- chanical Engineers; Western Society of Engineers; American Water Works Association; Chicago Athletic Clubs. Present occupation, City Engineer, Chicago. Created Chevalier, First Class, June 6, 1909. Present address, 4627 Kenmore Ave., Chicago. GORE, JAMES HOWARD Chevalier, First Class, 1901. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold I.) HOLMES, LUDWIG Chevalier, First Class, November 15, 1907. (For sketch see Sweden, Litteris et Artibus.) HORNE, F. W. Chevalier, First Class, 1907. HOVE, ENGEBRETH H. Chevalier, First Class. St Paul, Minn. HULBERT, MILAN HULBERT Chevalier, First Class, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis-Joseph.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 281 IVES, HALSEY COOLEY Chevalier, 1905. (For sketch see Austria, Francis-Joseph.) JOHNSSON, ALEXANDER E. Commander, Second Class. Tacoma, Wash. KOHLSAAT, CHARLES WILLIAM Chevalier, First Class, 1903. LAMB, WILLIAM Born, Norfolk, Va. Graduated from William and Mary College (LL. D.), St. Lawrence University, 1899. Editor of Daily Southern Argus; member of National Democratic Convention, 1856; presidential elector, i860, on Breckenridge ticket; captain of Woodis Rifles Military Company of Norfolk, Va., for several years; joined Vir- ginia troops in 1861 ; served in Confederate Army from captain to colonel ; had charge of defenses at New Inlet on Cape Fear; built and had command of Fort Fisher until its fall, 1865 ; member of National Democratic Convention, 1876; chairman Republican State Commission; delegate to Republican National Convention, 1896; Consul for Germany; vice-consul for Sweden at Norfolk; president of Seaman's Friend Society; Military Association, City of Norfolk; senator Phi Beta Kappa; Theta Delta Chi. Mayor of Norfolk, Va. ; president of Lower Norfolk Coke and Gas Corporation. AMERICAN MEMBERS Created Chevalier, Second Class, 1899. Present occupation, Merchant. Present address, Norfolk, Va. LINGREN, J. R. Chevalier, First Class. Chicago, 111. LINDAHL, JOHAN HARALD JOSUA Born at Kongsbacka, Sweden. Educated at University of Lund. Was Docent in Zoology, University of Lund; Secre- tary Royal Swedish Delegation to International Geo- graphical Congress in Paris; accompanied S. S. Porcu- pine expedition ; secretary Swedish Commission to Cen- tennial Exposition : Professor Natural History Augustana College; Curator Illinois State Museum of Natural His- tory; Director Cincinnati Museum of Natural History since 1895. Joint inventor of the Planetograph and Zodiacal Chart ; received medal and diploma for deep sea dredging ap- paratus. Author of numerous articles on Zoology and Paleontol- ogy in Swedish and American publications. Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science, Geological Society, of Sweden; Anthropological Society of Stockholm, Ohio Academy of Science (past president) : American Chemical Society ; American Folk- Lore Society and Cincinnati Society of Natural History. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 283 Present occupation, Director of Museum and Library of Cincinnati Society of Natural History, and manager of the Salubrin Laboratory. Created Chevalier, January 3, 1878, in recognition of scientific achievements. Present address, 312 Broadway, Cincinnati. LOUBAT, JOSEPH FLORIMUND DUKE DE Commander, First Class, 1890. (For sketch see Denmark, Dannebrog.) LOWENSTEIN, B. Chevalier, First Class. New York City. LUNDGREN, ERNST Born in Stockholm, Sweden. Educated at Lyceum, Stockholm, Royal College of Agriculture, Sweden; University of the City of New York. Was assistant Royal Swedish Commissioner World's Columbian Exposition; president Swedish Aid Society and American Society of Swedish Engineers ; Director Swedish Mutual Aid Society, "Scandia." Author minor works on chemical subjects, patent law and export trade of Sweden. Member American Society of Swedish Engineers, Swedish Aid Society, Swedish Hospital Society Swedish Central Society, New York Chapter of Delta Chi. 2&j AMERICAN MEMBERS At present Attorney and Counselor at Law. Created Chevalier, December 23, 1893, for services ren- dered as assistant commissioner World's Columbian Exposition. Present address, 982 St. Marks Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. MacDONNELL, THOMAS F. Chevalier, First Class, 1907. MELLIN, CARL J. Born, Westergotland, Sweden. Educated in college and technical schools in Sweden. Mechanical engineer and naval architect in Sweden and Scotland; mechanical engineer, chief and consulting en- gineer, Richmond and American Locomotive Co. ; con- structed numerous steamers and marine engines ; the dynamite gun machinery, United States Cruiser, Vesuvius, Richmond Company Locomotive; applied and introduced Waschaert's valve gears to American locomotives ; has contributed numerous articles on locomotive design for various magazines. Member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Naval Engineers, American Society of Swedish Engineers, Railway M. M. Association, Mo- hawk Society. Present occupation, Consulting Engineer, American Locomotive Co. Created Chevalier, First Class, May 24, 1906, for ad- vancement of the science of engineering. Present address, 1055 Union Street, Schenectady, N. Y. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 285 MEYER, C. H. Chevalier. Philadelphia, Pa. MORTON, J. E. Chevalier, First Class, 1907. MURAT, A. J. Born, Santorin, Greece. Educated at French College, Santorin, Greece. Mayor of the City of Apalachicola, Fla. ; French con- sular agent; vice-consul of Uruguay. Present occupation, Collector of Customs. Made Chevalier, First Class, March 29, 1905, for serv- ices rendered as vice-consul for Sweden and Norway for over twenty years. Present address, Apalachicola, Fla. MUSCHENHEIM, WILLIAM C. Born, Braunfels, Germany. Attended Gymnasium. Projector of Henry Hudson Monument on Hudson. Member of City Club, N. Y., Athletic Club, Municipal Art Society, Fine Arts. Present occupation, Proprietor of Hotel Astor. Given Second Class, 1908. Present address, Times Square, New York. 286 AMERICAN MEMBERS NUGENT, DANIEL C. Born Belmont, Ontario, Canada. Educated Collegiate Institute, London, Canada. Vice-president B. Nugent & Bros., St. Louis ; director Mercantile Trust Co., St. Louis ; director Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition. Member of St. Louis Club, University Club, St. Louis Country Club. At present, Vice-President B. Nugent & Bros. Chevalier, 1904. Present address, St. Louis. OCKERSON, JOHN A. Educated, University of Illinois. Member of Mississippi River Commission ; consulting engineer East Side Levee and Sanitary District, East St. Louis, 111. ; vice-president of American Society Christian Endeavor ; president of Engineers' Club of St. Louis ; in charge of geodetic, topographic and hydrographic survey of the Mississippi River from its source to the Gulf of Mexico ; United States Delegate to International Congress of Navigation at Paris, Milan, St. Petersburg; examined and reported on European waterways. Member of American Society of Civil Engineers ; En- gineers' Club of St. Louis; Noonday Club and National Geographic Society. Present occupation, Civil and Consulting Engineer and Member of Mississippi River Commission. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 287 Made Commander, Second Class, for services as resi- dent commissioner of Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Has also Crown (Prussia), Leopold (Belgium), Crown (Italy), Merite Agricole (France), Double Dragon (China). Present address, 4217 Washington Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. OLCOTT, RICHARD M. Chevalier, Second Class, 1903. PETERSON, WILLIAM A. Born, Chicago, 111. Graduated from Evanston High School. Director of State Bank, Chicago ; trustee of McCormick Theological Seminary, also Moody Bible Institute and Olivet Institute; treasurer of Laymen's Evangelistic Council of Chicago; president of Presbyterian Brother- hood. Member of Union League Club, Glenview Golf Club and City Club. Present occupation, Landscape Architect, Nurseryman and Banker. Created Chevalier, First Class, 1909. Present address, Lincoln and Peterson Avenues, Chi- cago, 111. 288 AMERICAN MEMBERS ROSENTWIST, BIRGER GUSTAF ADOLPH Born in Sweden. Educated in the schools of Sweden; studied chemistry in the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and studied at the University of Gottingen. Was associated as a chemist with the dyeing department of the Weybosset Mills; is now a member of the firm of Rosentwist & Gorner, importers and dealers in dyestuffs, in Boston ; director in the United States Worsted Co. ; treasurer of the American-Scandinavian Society; honor- ary president of the Swedish' National Union of Greater Boston ; and was president of the New England Dyestuff Company at Hyde Park and the Airedale Mills Co., in Pittsfield, Mass ; was vice-consul at Boston for the Swed- ish Government ; was instrumental in forming the organi- zation known as the Swedish National Union of Greater Boston ; was prominent before the public on the occasion of the visit of the Swedish minister at Washington to Boston, and also at the time of the visit of Prince Wilhelm. Member of Free Mason, 33d degree, and of the Bos- ton City Club and the Boston Yacht Club. Present occupation, Importer and Dealer in Dyestuffs. Created Chevalier, November 30, 1907, in recognition of the efficient work. Present address, 26 India Square, Boston, Mass. SAHLGAARD, HJALMAR H. Chevalier, First Class, 1909. Denver, Colo. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 289 SCHAAF, H. Chevalier, First Class. New York City. SMITH, CHARLES AXEL Born in Sweden. Educated in public schools in United States ; University of Minnesota. Worked while getting education ; in business handling wheat, lumber and farm machinery in western Minnesota ; in lumber business at Minneapolis ; president of C. A. Smith Lumber Co., C. A. Smith Timber Co., North- western Compo. Board Co. ; director of Swedish-Ameri- can National Bank and several other corporations; direc- tor and treasurer of Northern Pine Manufacturers' Asso- ciation; delegate to Reciprocity Convention. Member of Minneapolis, Commercial, Odin Clubs. Present occupation, Lumber Manufacturer. Created Commander, 1908. Present address, Andres Building, Minneapolis, Minn. SOMERS, SMITH RICHARD Commander, Second Class, 1880. STEENSLAND, HALLE Born, Norway. Educated at private school for religious instruction. Alderman in Madison, Wis. 290 AMERICAN MEMBERS Author of a book on Bible Lands. Member of Wisconsin State Historical Society. Present occupation, President of Savings Loan and Trust Co. Created Chevalier in 1898 for long and faithful service as vice-consul of Sweden and Norway. Has also St. Olaf (Norway). Present address, Madison, Wis. STENBERG, EMRIC M. Born, Sweden. Educated in grammar school. Vice-consul for Sweden; police judge, city of Omaha; county commissioner, Omaha. Member of the Commercial Club, Bellevrie Chapter No. 1. Present occupation, Real Estate Broker, Vice-Consul for Sweden. Created Chevalier, First Class, November 19, 1904, for service as vice-consul. Present address, Brown Block, Omaha, Nebr. STOLPE, MAURITZ Chevalier, First Class, 1901. New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 291 STONE, MELVILLE E. Commander, First Class, 1907. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) TAUHE, HENNING G. J. Born in Sweden. Created Commander, 1909. Present address, Montclair, N. J. TORRAS, R. Born, Arenys de Mar, Spain. Educated at School of Navigation. Was vice-consul of Great Britain, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay and Portugal; and consul of Cuba. Present occupation, Exporter; Lloyd's Agent. Created Chevalier, Second Class, March 29, 1905, for services rendered to country (then Sweden and Norway when Swedish and Norwegian vice-consul). Present address, Brunswick, Ga. TROTZ, JOHAN OTTO EMANUEL Born Hammersta, Sweden. Graduated in mining and metallurgy, Royal School of Mines. Engaged in research work for Association of Swedish Iron Masters ; chemist, inspector of material, general su- 292 AMERICAN MEMBERS perintendent, attached to office of president of United States Steel Corporation ; consulting and expert engineer and designer and superintendent of erection of steel plant and rolling mills of J. A. Roebling & Sons, Trenton, N. J. Member of American Institute of Mining Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Chemical Society, Chemical Industry of Great Britain; and the Worcester, Bohemian, Lotos and Trenton Country Clubs. Present occupation, Consulting Engineer. Created Chevalier, First Class, in 1908. Present address, Worcester, Mass. VERN, E. G. P. Chevalier, First Class. New York City. WILSON, ARTHUR Portland, Ore. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 293 Tunis THE ORDER OF THE NICHAN IFTIKHAR— Founded in 1837 by Ahmed Bey and revised in 1857. There are five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque ; Grand Ofhcier, cravat and plaque ; Commander, cravat ; Ofncier, cross with ro- sette on left side ; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, green with double stripe of red on each side. ADAMS, MILWARD Commander. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) HALL, GEORGE ELI Commander. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) HYDE, JAMES H. Grand Cross. (For sketch see Siam, White Elephant.) 294 AMERICAN MEMBERS McGIBBONS, JOHN H. Commander, 1905. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) PETTIT, HENRY Commander. (For sketch see Norway, St. Olaf.) WARE, LEWIS S. Grand Officier. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 2gs Turkey THE ORDER OF (NISHANI) MEDJIDIE was estab- lished by Sultan Abd-ul-Medjid in 1850. The name of the Order is derived from its founder and means the "il- lustrious." The number of each class being limited for citizens of the Empire but not for foreigners. There are five classes : First Class, scarf and plaque ; Second Class, cravat and plaque on right side; Third Class, cravat; Fourth Class, cross with rosette on left side ; Fifth Class, cross on left side. Ribbon, red with green stripe near each border. Motto, Zeal, Devotion, Loyalty. BARNARD, CHARLES INMAN Officier. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Commander, April, 1899. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) CHAILLE-LONG, CHARLES (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) AMERICAN MEMBERS CRIDLER, THOMAS WILBUR Born in Harper's Ferry, W. Va. Educated at private and public schools in Virginia and Washington, D. C. Entered Department of State at Washington, D. C, July i, 1875, as clerk, passing through the clerical grades to the Third Assistant Secretary of State, April 8, 1897; resigned November 15, 1901 ; was special disbursing agent, Department of State, at Monetary Conference, Brussels, Belgium, November 22, 1892; special commissioner of United States to Paris Exposition, 1900. Member of Chevy Chase Club. Commander. Has also Civil Merit (Bulgaria), Legion of Honor (France). Present address, Collin-Armstrong Advertising Co., 25 Broad Street, New York City. DAVIS, RICHARD HARDING Present address, Cross Roads Farm, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. FARMAN, ELBERT ELI Born, New Haven, Oswego County, N. Y. Graduated from Amherst College. Admitted to bar; one of the publishers of Western New Yorker; traveled in Europe and studied languages and international law, Universities of Berlin and Heidel- berg ; district attorney, Wyoming Co., N. Y. ; United States diplomatic agent and consul-general at Cairo, Egypt ; accompanied General Grant in voyage up Nile ; member on part of United States of the International Commission to revise judicial codes of Egypt for use of OF FOREIGN ORDERS 297 mixed tribunals ; judge of mixed tribunals of Egypt ; United States member of International Commission which examined the claims and determined the amounts to be paid to inhabitants of Alexandria for losses arising from bombardment and burning of city in 1882; secured the obelisk, "Cleopatra's Needle," as a gift of Khedive to New York; made large collections of ancient coins and Egyp- tian antiquities, now in Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; in Europe in literary work during winters, 1894 to 1900. Member of S. R., the Union League (N. Y.) Club. Author of : Along the Nile with General Grant, 1904. Present occupation, Jurist. Created Grand Officier. Present address, Warsaw, N. Y. HALL, GEORGE ELI Commander. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) MUNROE, CHARLES EDWARD Born, Cambridge, Mass. Graduated Harvard. Assistant in chemistry, Harvard University; professor of chemistry, United States Naval Academy; chemist to torpedo corps, United States Naval Torpedo Station and War College ; head professor of chemistry since 1892, and dean faculty of graduate studies, George Washington University; expert special agent in charge of chemical industries of the United States for censuses of 1900, 1905. 298 AMERICAN MEMBERS Inventor of smokeless powder and an authority on ex- plosives. Author of over ioo works on chemistry and explosives. President of American Chemical Society; fellow Lon- don and Berlin chemical societies ; Society of Chemical Industry (England). Present occupation, Chemist and Educator. Created Commander, 1901. Present address, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. PENFIELD, FREDERICK COURTLAND Grand Officier, 1897. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) PLUMACHER, EUGENE HERMAN Born, Germany. Educated in colleges of military and naval training in Holland and Switzerland. Was commander of Dutch East Indies Naval Service; military attache; professor in Cumberland University, Nashville High School, and on the staff of the Governor of Tennessee. Interested in study of leprosy. Created Officier in recognition of services rendered Ottoman subjects while American consul in Venezuela. At present, United States Consul, Venezuela. Present address, Maracaibo, Venezuela. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 299 ROEHRIG, FREDERIC LOUIS OTTO Born, Halle on the Saale, Prussia. Educated at the Latin School of Halle, Universities of Halle, Leipzig, and Paris. Attache of the Prussian Embassy at Constantinople ; professor in the College of Beziers, France; lecturer Royal Oriental Academy, Paris ; assistant librarian Astor Library; professor materia medica and therapeutics, Philadelphia ; acting assistant surgeon United States Army, 1861-7; acting librarian United States Surgeon- General's office, Washington ; professor Sanskrit and modern Oriental languages, Cornell University; lecturer Semitic languages and Oriental philology, Leland Stan- ford, Jr., University. Member of American Philosophical Society ; Asiatic Society of Paris; Oriental Society of Germany; American Oriental Society ; American Philosophical Association ; honorary member, Council Gaelic Union of Ireland. Author of : Geographical and Statistical Treatise on Prussian Empire (in Turkish) ; Turkish Idioms (in French) ; On the Tartar and Finnish Languages (in French) ; Translation of Benna's Arabian Poems (in German) ; The Languages of Central Asia; On the Dakota Language ; The Shortest Road to the German Language ; Lectures on the Irish Nationality and Language. Maga- zine articles : On the Language of China ; on the Lan- guage of Japan. Compositions for the piano : Transla- tion for the United States Government from the Turkish and the Malagan languages. At present, Retired from active life. Created Chevalier for original investigations and ety- mological researches in the domain of the Turkish lan- guage and its numerous dialects. Present address : P. O. Box 763, Pasadena, Cal. 300 AMERICAN MEMBERS SCHOENFELD, HERMAN Officier in 1897. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) SCHROEDER, REGINALD Officier. Present address, 1301 K Street, Washington, D. C. SKIFF, FREDERICK J. V. Commander in 1905. (For sketch see Japan, Sacred Treasure.) SMITH, FRANCIS HOPKINSON Born, Baltimore, Md. Was clerk in iron works ; later educated as mechanical engineer; became engineer and contractor; built Govern- ment sea-wall around Governor's Island; another at Tompkinsville, S. I. ; the Race Rock Lighthouse off New London ; foundation for Bartholdi Statue of Liberty ; has done much landscape work in water colors, charcoal work and illustrations ; represented in Walter's Gallery, Balti- more, Marquand Collection; lecturer on art subjects. Member of Institute Arts and Letters, American So- ciety Civil Engineers, American Water Color Society, Philadelphia Art Club, Cincinnati Art Club; and of the Metropolitan, Players', Century and Tavern Clubs. Author of: Old Lines in New Black and White; Well- Worn Roads ; A White Umbrella in Mexico ; A Book of the Tile Club ; Colonel Carter, of Cartersville ; OF FOREIGN ORDERS 3 oi A Day at Laguerre's ; American Illustrators ; A Gentle- man Vagabond and Some Others ; Tom Grogan ; Gondola Days; Venice of Today; Caleb West; The Other Fel- low; The Fortunes of Oliver Horn; The Under Dog; Colonel Carter's Christmas; At Close Range; The Wood Fire in No. 3; The Tides of Barnegat; The Veiled Lady; The Romance of an Old-Fashioned Gentleman. Present occupation, Artist, Author and Engineer. Made Commander, 1898. Has also Osmanie (Turkey). Present address, 150 E. 34th Street, New York. SMITH, JOSEPH LINDON Born Pawtucket, R. I. Educated, private schools, Rhode Island ; studied in school of drawing and painting, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and at Academie Julien, Paris. Executed mural decoration in Public Library, Boston ; mural decorations on exterior of Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia ; work done in Italy, Egypt and Turkey, in- cluding copies made for Boston Museum of Fine Arts of so-called Alexander Sarcophagus in Imperial Museum, Constantinople ; has taken active part in recent excava- tions in Egypt, in the Valley of the Kings at Luxor ; was present at the discovery of the tomb of the parents of Queen Tiy and of the tomb of the Queen ; taught at school of the Museum of Fine Arts and at Harvard; worked recently in Japan. Member of Society of Mural Painters (New York), Copley Society (Boston), and the Century (New York), St. Botolph, Tavern, Harvard, Japan, and Maniwa (Bos- ton) Clubs. 302 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Artist (painter). Given Third Class. Present address, The Ludlow, Boston, Mass. THOMPSON, FREDERICK DIADOTI, COUNT Grand Officier. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) THE (EXALTED) ORDER OF THE OSMAXIE was instituted on January 4, 1862, amended 1867. The Order is under the special protection of the Sultan and is for the recognition and reward of every description of distin- guished service to the Ottoman Government. It is divided into five classes : First Class, scarf and plaque; Second Class, cravat and plaque on right side ; Third Class, cravat ; Fourth Class, cross with rosette on left side; Fifth Class, cross on left side. Ribbon, green with red border. Motto (tr.) : Abdul-Aziz-Khan, Turkish Ruler who trusts in God. BARNARD, CHARLES INMAN Born in Boston, Mass., and educated at Boston Public Latin School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard Law School. Was Secretary to the Chief of Staff of the Khedive Ismail, Tutor to Prince Mahmond, Member of the Su- perior Council of Public Instruction in Egypt. War OF FOREIGN ORDERS 303 Correspondent of the New York Herald, Correspondent of the New York Herald in Paris, London, Berlin and Vienna. Created Commander for services rendered the Egyp- tian Government. Has also Legion of Honor (France) and Medjidie (Turkey). Member of Cercle Artistique et Litteraire and Auto- mobile Club, Paris. At present, Paris Correspondent New York Tribune. Present address, 8 Rue Theodule-Ribot, Paris, France. BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Commander, 1901. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) BUCKNAM, RANSFORD D. Born, Hansport, Nova Scotia. Educated in the public schools of Maine and New York. Went to sea in merchant sailing ships at 14 years of age; commander of merchant steam and sailing ships on both Atlantic and Pacific Coasts and Great Lakes ; super- intendent of American Steel Barge Co. of New York ; of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. at Panama; of the Cramp's Shipyards, Philadelphia ; trial commander of United tSaes Ship aMine and Imperial Ottoman steamship Medjidia, commander of latter from Phila- delphia to Turkey, and appointed naval adviser and per- sonal aide-de-camp to the Sultan. Member of Boston Marine Society, and of the Lotos (New York), Art, Pen and Pencil (Phila.), International (Panama) and Constantinople Clubs. 304 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Naval Adviser and Aide-de-camp to the Sultan. Present address, Navy Department, Constantinople, Turkey. CHAILLE-LONG, CHARLES (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) HALL, GEORGE ELI Commander. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) HILPRECHT, HERMAN VOLLRATH Born at Hohenerxleben, Anhalt, Germany. Educated at Herzogal. Carlsgymnasium ; studied philol- ogy, theology and law at University of Liepzig. Was professor at the Fridericianum, Davos ; "Repe- tent" of Old Testament Theology, University of Erlan- gen ; associate editor Sunday School Times ; Curator Babylonian and General Semitic Section, Museum of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania; Member of first and director of fourth Babylonian Expedition to Nippur ; organizer and for four years curator of the Babylonian and Assyrian section of Imperial Achaeolo- gical Museum in Constantinople; scientific explorer of Asia Minor and Northern Syria. Author of Freibrief Nebukadnezar's I ; Old Babylonian Cuneiform Inscriptions ; Assyriaca ; Business Documents of Murashu Sons of Nippur (with A. T. Clay) ; Ex- cavations in Assyria and Babylonia; Die Ausgrabungen in Assyrien und Babylonien; honorary member of Philo- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 305 sophical Society of Great Britain; Palestine Exploration Fund, London; Greek Syllogos, Constantinople; Geo- graphical Society of Philadelphia. At present, Clark Research Professor of Assyriology and Semitic Philology and Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania. Given Second Class for successfully organizing the Babylonian Section of the Imeprial Ottoman Museum, Constantinople, 1895. Has also Liakat (Turkey) ; Danne- brog (Denmark) ; Albert the Bear (Anhalt). Reci- pient of Lucy Wharton Drexel Medal. Present address, 1932 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. METCALFE, HENRY Born, New York. Graduated from West Point, 1868. Served United States Ordnance Department until re- tired on his own application because of impaired eye- sight; inspector of contracts with Turkish Government for arms and ammunition; in charge of Government exhibit Centennial Exposition, 1876; instructor of ord- nance United States Military Academy. Author of : Cost of Manufactures ; A Course in Ord- nance and Gunnery, United States Military Academy; Member of Century Club. Present occupation, Captain, United States Army, Re- tired. Given Second Class in 1875. Present address, 147 4th Avenue, New Yorfc 306 AMERICAN MEMBERS PENFIELD, FREDERICK COURTLAND First Class. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) POST, GEORGE EDWARD Third Class, 1875. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) SCHOENFELD, HERMAN Born in Oppeln, Prussia. Educated in Berlin, Breslau, Leipzig, Paris, and St. Petersburg. Has served as academic teacher at Johns Hopkins, Cornell, George Washington University; United States Consul, Riga, Russia; Consul of Turkey at Washington. Author of : Renaissance Studies, Johns Hopkins ; Higher Education in Poland; German History; Ranke; Schiller; Bismarck; History of Teutonic Women; editor Johnson's Encyclopedia; Life of Bismarck. Member of Deutscher Schrif tstellerverband ; Historic Society of America; Archaeological Society of America. At present, Professor in George Washington University and Consul-General of Turkey. Created Commander for services rendered to the Em- pire as Consul-General, December 25, 1901. Has also Bolivar (Venezuela) ; Sun and Lion (Persia) ; Medjidie (Turkey.) Present address, George Washington University, Wash- ington, D. C. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 307 SMITH, FRANCIS H. Commander, 1900. (For sketch see Turkey, Medjidie.) SWEENEY, ZACHARY T. Born in Kentucky. Educated at Eureka College and Depauw University. Was Minister-Chancellor of Butler College; United States Consul-General for Ottoman Empire; Commis- sioner of Fisheries, Game and Birds for Indiana; Otto- man Commissioner to Columbian Exposition, 1893. Author of : Under Ten Flags ; Pulpit Diagrams. Member of Institute of Christian Philosophy; Vic- toria Institute; National Geographic Society. Present occupation. Clergyman and Author. Decorated June, 1893, for fair representation of the Ottoman Porte in American journals. Present address, Columbus, Ind. THOMPSON, FREDERICK DIODATI, COUNT Born in New York City. Educated at Columbia University. Was Turkish Commissioner to World's Columbian Ex- position. Author of : In the Track of the Sun. Member of New York Genealogical and Biographical Society; Historical Societies of New York, Long Island. 3o8 AMERICAN MEMBERS and Suffolk County; St. George Society; Society of Colonial Wars; Italian Benevolent Society; Sons of th« Revolution; Order of Cincinnati. Member of the Union, Knickerbocker and Metro- politan Clubs. Created Grand Officier for services to His Imperial Majesty, The Sultan; has also Medjidie (Turkey); Crown (Italy); Sts. Maurice and Lazarus (Italy). Present address, Union Club, New York City. WATTS, ETHELBERT Born Philadelphia, Pa. Educated in private schools, Philadelphia and Paris, France, University of Pennsylvania and Frieberg, Saxony. Served with 32d Pennsylvania Volunteers when Lee made his raid into Pennsylvania ; engaged in iron business in Marietta and Philadelphia, later secretary and treasurer Investment Company of Philadelphia; in United States Consular service since 1896 ; as vice-consul- general was in charge of American agency in Cairo in 1898, when Spanish fleet under Admiral Camara entered harbor of Port Said and attempted to get coal to enable him to hurry to Manila to attack Admiral Dewey; American consul-general at St. Petersburg, at Brussels, Belgium. Member and secretary of Philadelphia Club. Made Commander. Has also Rising Sun (Japan). Present address, Consulate, Brussels, Belgium. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 309 WILLIAMS, GEORGE B. (For sketch see Japan, Rising Sun.) THE (IMPERIAL OTTOMAN) ORDER OF CHEFA- KAT, an Order for ladies, was created in 1877 by the Sultan of Turkey because of the charitable work of Baroness Burdett-Coutts in connection with the "Turkish Compassionate Fund" during the Russo-Turkish War, There are three classes : First Class, cravat ; Second Class, rosette ; Third Class, ribbon bow. Ribbon, white, near edge red band with green stripes on each side. Motto (tr.), Humanity, Assistance, Benevolence. BARTON, CLARA Born, Oxford, Mass. Graduated from Clinton Liberal Institute, N. Y. Taught school for ten years; organized system of public schools, Bordentown, N. J. ; during Civil War did relief work on battlefields and organized search for mis- sing men; laid out grounds national cemetery, Anderson- ville; associated with International Red Cross of Geneva and worked through entire Franco-Prussian War, 1870; distributed relief in Strassbourg, Belfort, Monpelier, Paris ; secured adoption of treaty of Geneva by United States ; appointed to represent United States in inter- national conferences; inaugurated American Amendment of Red Cross, to provide relief for great calamities ; distributed relief, Johnstown flood, Russian famine, Sea Islands, Armenian massacre, and at request of 3io AMERICAN MEMBERS President McKinley, carried relief to Cuba; did personal field work, Spanish-American War; conducted Red Cross relief at Galveston, Tex., after great disaster, 1900; presi- dent of American Red Cross and of National First Aid Association. Author of: History of Red Cross; America's Relief Expedition to Asia Minor; History of the Red Cross in Peace and War; Story of Red Cross; The Relief of Galveston, Tex. Present occupation, founder and organizer National Red Cross in United States. Decorated with Order of Chefakat, 1897, and with the Iron Cross. Present address, Glen Echo, Md. CRAMP, MRS. EDWIN S. Grand Cross. Philadelphia, Pa. GRISCOM, MRS. LLOYD HENROTIN, ELLEN MARTIN Born in Portland, Me. Educated in Europe. Was Vice-President, Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. President General Fed- eration of Women's Clubs. Member of Chicago Women's Club, The Fortnightly, The Friday Club and the Lyceum of London, England. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 311 Decorated by the Turkish Government in the Order of the Chefakat for services rendered to the Turkish Commission at Congresses in 1893. Has also Leopold (Belgium). Present address, 251 Goethe Street, Chicago. HILPRECHT, SALLIE CROZER Born, Upland, Delaware County, Pa. Educated by private governesses and instructors. Formely President of "The Euridice Chorus." Member of the Acorn Club, Philadelphia, The Colonial Dames, The Daughters of the Revolution and of the Kaiserlicher Automobile Club, Berlin. Given Second Class with diamonds, 1906, for support of Scientific Research Work and Charity Work in Turkey. Present address, 807 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. LEISHMAN, MRS. JOHN G. A. Grand Cross. SCHOENFELD, MRS. HERMAN Born in Oppeln, Prussia. Educated in convent schools at Oppeln and Glatz, Prussia. Lady Manager of the George Washington University Hospital, Washington, D. C. At present wife of Imperial Ottoman, Consul-General in Washington. 3i2 AMERICAN MEMBERS Created Commander in appreciation of services of philanthropy rendered to needy Ottoman subjects. Present address, Cleveland Park, Washington, D. C. VON UNSCHULD, MRS. MARIE Born in Olmutz Mahren, Austria. Educated at Conservatory of Vienna. President of von Unschuld University of Music of Washington, D. C. Author of: The Hand of the Pianist Member of Monday Morning Musical Club. Present occupation, President and Instructor of Piano- forte, von Unschuld University of Music. Given Third Class, April 3, 1901. Has also St. Sava (Servia; Bene Merenti (Roumania) ; for artistic and musical achievements and for musical literature. Present address, 1347 L Street, N. W., Washing- ton, D. C. LYAKAT, OR MEDAL OF MERIT, was, by decree of 1886, associated with the Order of Imtiaz, or Order of Merit, founded in 1879. The medals, gold and silver, can be worn as decorations attached by ribbon, half green and half red. GASTON, EDWARD PAGE Born, Henry, 111. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 313 Present occupation, Journalist and Lecturer. Present address, 133 Salisbury Square, London, England. HILPRECHT, HERMAN VOLLRATH Second Class, 1905. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) SCOTT, WILLIAM PITT Born in Easton, Pa. Educated at the United States Naval Academy. Member Military Order Foreign Wars, Naval and Military Order Spanish-American War, New York Club, Army and Navy Club of Washington, Army and Navy Club of Manila. At present, Officer, United States Navy. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. STEINWAY, CHARLES HERMAN Second Class. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) Venezuela THE ORDER OF THE BUST OF BOLIVAR was founded at the Congress of Peru on February 12, 1825, and reorganized at the Congress of Venezuela March 9, 1854, and December 29, 1881. It is also called the Order of the Liberator of Venezuela, and has five classes : Grand Cross, scarf and plaque; Grand Officier, cravat and plaque; Commander, cravat; Officier, cross with ro- sette on left side; Chevalier, cross on left side. Ribbon, three bands, yellow, blue and red. Motto, Honor al Merito. ALLEN, WILLIAM H. (U. S. Navy) ARCHIBALD, JAMES F. J. Commander. (For sketch see Russia, St. Stanislaus.) ARNOLD, CONWAY HILLYER Born in New York. Educated at private schools ; graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1867. Passed through the ranks of commandant, ensign, mas- ter, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander and captain. 3IS 316 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of Army and Navy and New York Yacht Clubs. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. ATKINSON, FRANK HOLWAY (U. S. Navy) BARRETT, JOHN Born, Grafton, Vt. Educated, Worcester Academy, Mass. ; Vanderbilt Uni- versity, Nashville, Tenn. ; Dartmouth College. Teacher in Hopkins Academy, Oakland, Cal. ; assistant editor Statistican, San Francisco; on editorial staff news- papers, San Francisco, Tacoma, Seattle; associate editor Telegram, Portland, Ore. ; American minister to Siam ; undertook special diplomatic and commercial investiga- tions, Japan, Siam, Korea, Siberia and India ; war cor- respondent in Philippines; American plenipotentiary to International Conference, American Republics, Mexico; commissioner-general of foreign affairs for St Louis Ex- position; American minister to Argentina; to Panama; and to Colombia ; director International Bureau of Ameri- can Republics since 1906. Member of American Asiatic Association, University, Lotos (New York), University (San Francisco), Uni- versity and Cosmos Clubs (Washington). Author of : Admiral George Dewey. At present, Director, Bureau of American Republics. Created Grand Officier, Second Class, in recognition of services in interest of Pan-America. Has also Double Dragon (China). OF FOREIGN ORDERS 317 Present address, International Bureau of American Re- publics, Washington, D. C. BOAS, EMIL LEOPOLD Commander, March 6, 1896. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) BREWER, JOHN United States Consulate, Caracas, Venezuela. CABANISS, ROBERT W. (U. S. Navy) CAPERTON, WILLIAM B. (U. S. Navy) CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, HOBART CHATFIELD Created Officier in 1902 in recognition of literary work. (For sketch see France, Legion of Honor.) COOKE, FRANCIS A. (U. S. Navy) COOPER, PHILIP HENRY Born at Camden, N. J. Appointed to the navy; served on steam sloop Rich mond, and in battle of Mobile Bay; superintendent of Naval Academy; commandant United States Ships Chi- cago and Iowa ; superintendent second naval district ; senior squadron commander, Asiatic Station ; commander- in-chief Asiatic Fleet; passed through other ranks of en- sign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, com- mander, captain, rear-admiral. 318 AMERICAN MEMBERS Present occupation, Retired Naval Officer. Given Order of Bolivar. Present address, Morristown, N. J. CRONIN, WILLIAM P. Commander. DAYTON, JAMES H. Born in Indiana. Graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1866. Passed through ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, rear-admiral; served on various duties and stations ; commanded De- troit; commandant of naval station, San Juan; captain of Naval War College ; president Naval Board of Inspec- tion and Survey; commandant of Philippine Squadron, Asiatic Fleet and commanded Chicago. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Given Order of Bolivar. Present address, Navy Department, 'Washington, D. C. DIEHL, SAMUEL WILLAUER BLACK Born, Reading, Pa. Educated at public schools, Reading, Pa.; graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1873. Passed through ranks of midshipman, United States Navy; master, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, lieutenant-com- OF FOREIGN ORDERS 319 mander, commander; judge-advocate-general with rank of captain United States Navy since 1904 ; served on board United States Ships Alaska, Wabash, Congress, Hartford, Plymouth, Marion, Boston, Detroit, Machias and Cincin- nati; commanded United States Ships Eagle, Marietta, Newport and Boston; in Hydrographic Office; Bureau of Navigation; Bureau of Equipment; Naval Intelligence Office ; superintendent of compasses. Member of National Geographic Society. Author of : Practical Problems and the Compensation of the Compass. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Created Commander. Present address, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. DRAEMEL, MILS FREDERICK (U. S. Navy) EDIE, JOHN RUFUS (U. S. Navy) Decorated in 1908. EMERSON, EDWIN, JR. Born, Dresden, Saxony. Graduated from Harvard, 1891. Was foreign correspondent for Boston Post; later in editorial work New York Evening Post, Sun and Har- per's Weekly; secretary of Teachers' College, Columbia University; war correspondent, Leslie's Weekly during Spanish-American War; engaged in successful explora- tion of Porto Rico; joined Roosevelt's Rough Riders, serving in engagement at San Juan and in the trenches before Santiago; war correspondent, Collier's Weekly 320 AMERICAN MEMBERS and Illustrirte Zeitung in South America; took part in Columbian-Venezuelan War, as Venezuelan colonel of volunteers; war correspondent for New York World, Chicago News, Westminster Gazette, Black and White, Le Monde Illustre, Illustrirte Zeitung and Yorodzu Choho in Russian-Japanese War. Member of American Historical Association, New York Historical Society, Franklin Institute, Japanese Historical Society, Santiago Society; Press and Harvard Clubs. Author of: College Year Book; Pepys' Ghost; In War and Peace; Rough Rider Stories; History of the 19th Century ; The Monroe Doctrine in Venezuela ; Paper Butterflies from Manchuria; Straddling a War. Present occupation, Author and War Correspondent. Present address, care of P. F. Collier & Son, New York. FLINT, AUSTIN Born at Northampton, Mass. Educated at Harvard, University of Louisville and Jefferson Medical College. Has been professor of physiology; acting assistant sur- geon United States Army; visiting and consulting physi- cian and surgeon-general, State of New York ; past presi- dent New York State Medical Association ; Medical Asso- ciation of the Greater City of New York. Author of : Physiology of Man, Manual of Chemical Examination of the Urine in Disease; Physiological Ef- fects of Severe and Prolonged Muscular Exercise; Text- Book of Human Physiology, Source of Muscular Power, Handbook of Physiology and Collected Essays on Physi- ology and Medicine. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 321 Member American Medical Association, American Phil- osophical Society, American Medico-Psychological Asso- ciation; correspondent of the Academy of Natural Sciences ; honorary member of the American Academy of Medicine ; member of the Century Association ; honorary member of the New York Athletic Club. At present, Practicing Physician. Received, in 1891, the Order of the Bust of Bolivar in recognition of services to science and humanity. Present address, 118 East 19th Street, New York City. FULLER, DOUGLAS W. (U. S. Navy) GAGE, HARRY KIMBALL (U. S. Navy) GOODRICH, CASPAR FREDERICK Born in Philadelphia, Pa. Appointed to United States Naval Academy from Con- necticut and graduated 1864. Passed through ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, rear-admiral; was attached to the Macedonian in pursuit of the Confed- erate steamers Florida and Tallahassee ; served on Colo- rado, Frolic, Portsmouth and Lancaster, Tennessee, Kear- sarge; brought the Greely relief ship Alert to New York; member of Torpedo Board; special inspector ordnance; in charge of Torpedo Station ; special duty ; president of Naval War College ; special duty in connection with War College ; Navy Yard, League Island ; commandant Navy Yards at Portsmouth and New York ; commander-in-chief Pacific Squadron ; special duty, Navy Department. 322 AMERIC AN MEMBERS Present occupation, Naval Officer. Given Order of Bolivar. Present address, Xavy Department, Washington, D. G GRISCOM, LLOYD CARPENTER Born, Riverton, N. J. Graduated from University of Pennsylvania, Ph. B., 1891 (LL. D., 1906) ; studied at University of Pennsyl- vania Law School and New York Law School. Secretary to Mr. Bayard, first ambassador to England, London Embassy; deputy-district-attorney, New York; volunteer in Spanish-American War; served in Cuba; appointed secretary of legation, Constantinople; charge d' affaires, Constantinople ; E. E. and M. P. to Persia and Japan; ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Brazil and Italy. Member of Sons American Revolution and Society of Colonial Wars; also member of Philadelphia, Radnor Hunt, Merion Cricket (Philadelphia), Union (New York), Bachelors' (London) ; Tokio, Clube des Diarios (Rio de Janeiro), Circolo Nuovo (Rome), Cercle d'Orient (Constantinople) Clubs. Contributed articles to Philadelphia Sunday Press on travels in Central America. Received Grand Cross in 1895. Has also Lion and Sun (Persia), Rising Sun (Japan). Present occupation, Diplomat. "Present address, New York City. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 323 HOLDEN, EDWARD S. (For sketch see Saxony, Ernestine.) HOOPES, EDWARD T. (U. S. Navy) JOHNSTON, RUFUS Z. (U. S. Navy) JONES, EDWARD RODOLPH Present address, 50 Broadway, New York. LANE, SMITH EDWARD Born, New York City. Educated New York University. Was commissioner of parks, New York City ; commis- sioner to build the Williamsburg Suspension Bridge, New York. Member of Union Club, Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution, Saint Nicholas Society of New York, New York Historic Society and others. At present, a Lawyer. Created Commander in recognition of exceptional serv- ices rendered the Government in 1888. Present address, 258 Broadway, New York. McCAIN, GEORGE NOX Born, Allegheny City, Pa. Educated in public schools, Pittsburg High School and Classical and Scientific Institute, Mt Pleasant, Pa. 324 AMERICA N MEMBERS Publisher of Times and Mining Journal, Mt. Pleasant, Pa. ; city editor and New York correspondent of Pitts- burg Dispatch; Washington correspondent for Pittsburg Gazette ; on editorial staff of Philadelphia Press ; spi-cial correspondent for Philadelphia Press in interior of Vene- zuela during British boundary excitement; Pennsylvania commissioner of Trans-Mississippi and International Ex- position, Omaha, 1898; special agent, United States Post- office Department, investigating mail routes on the Yukon; editor and publisher of Colorado Springs Daily Gazette; lieutenant-colonel of military staff of Governor Hastings, of Pennsylvania ; lecturer on Bulgaria, Servia, Alaska, Venezuela, Cuba, Porto Rico ; president of Pitts- burg Press Club, and Pennsylvania Legislative Cor- respondents' Association. Member of General Society of War, 1812, and of the University (Philadelphia) and El Paso (Colorado Springs) Clubs. Author of : Through the Great Campaign ; The Crim- son Dice. Present occupation, Journalist. Created Grand Officier, March 26, 1896, for special services to Venezuela. Present address, 4008 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Mccormick, albert, m. d. (u. s. Navy) McLEAN, NORMAN THOMAS (U. S. Navy) MEADE, W. M. (U. S. Navy) OF FOREIGN ORDERS 325 MELLISS, DAVID ERNEST Born, New York City. Educated Columbia University, School of Science and University of Gottingen and Vienna. Constantly engaged as consulting and constructing en- gineer on important works, mining and civil, in the United States, Central and South America and Mexico. Member American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers. At Present, Civil and Mining Engineer. Decorated with the Order of the Bust of Bolivar for services rendered in the interests of scientific engineering. Present address, 208 California Street, San Fran- cisco, Cal. OSBON, BRADLEY S. Born, Rye, Westchester County, N. Y. Educated common schools of New York and Connecti- cut ; Sheffield Academy, Mass. ; State Normal School, Middletown, Conn. Served in the Chinese, Argentine, Mexican, and United States Navies in various capacities ; served during the Spanish-American War as naval scout. Author of: Osbon's Handbook, United States Navy; United States Veteran Navy List. Member of Arctic Club, National Geographic Society. At present, Magazine Writer and Editor. 326 AMERICAN MEMBERS Decorated with the Order of the Bust of Bolivar, Janu- ary 28, 1899, in consideration of services rendered the Government in surveying the harbor of Carupano, Vene- zuela. Present address, 132 East 23d Street, New York. ROGERS, FRED FREMONT (U. S. Navy) Decorated in 1908. SAJOUS, CHARLES E. Commander. (For sketch see Belgium, Leopold.) SCHOENFELD, HERMAN Officier, 1902. (For sketch see Turkey, Osmanie.) SIGSBEE, CHARLES DWIGHT Decorated in 1908. (For sketch see Prussia, Red Eagle.) SYMOXDS, FREDERICK MARTIN Born, Watertown, N. Y. Appointed to United States Naval Academy from New York and graduated 1867. Passed through ranks of ensign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, and retired with rank of rear-admiral ; was in active service on board Macedonian in pursuit of Confederate steamer Tacony; OF FOREIGN ORDERS 327 served on Piscataqua and Delaware; torpedo duty; in- spector ordnance, Mare Island ; commander of Pinta, Ma- rietta; inspector Ninth Lighthouse District; duty in con- nection with steamboat inspection service. Present occupation, Naval Officer. Given Order of Bolivar. Present address, Ogdensburg, N. Y. TERHUNE, WARREN J. (U. S. Navy) TODD, CHAPMAN COLEMAN Born, Frankfort, Ky. Graduated from United States Naval Academy, 1866. Cruised in the Pacific Ocean ; commanded the Wilming- ton and served as hydrographer ; commander flagship Brooklyn, Asiatic Station; passed through ranks of en- sign, master, lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, comman- der, captain, and retired as rear admiral after forty-one years' service. Present occupation, Retired Naval Officer. Given Order of Bolivar. Present address, Lexington, Ky. TYRON, JAMES RUFUS Was born in Coxsockie, N. Y. Educated at Union College, Schenectady. Was appointed surgeon-general in the United States Navy. 328 AMERICAN MEMBERS Member of St. Nicholas Society, University Club, St. Nicholas Club, and New York Yacht Club, all of New York City. At present, a Retired Naval Officer with the rank of rear admiral. Created Grand Officier, March, 1893, in recognition of services rendered at Macuto during the revolution in Venezuela in 1893. Present address, University Club, New York City. VAN DUZER, LEWIS S. (U. S. Navy) Commander. VINCENT, FRANK Commander, 1895. (For sketch see Portugal, Christ.) WASHINGTON, THOMAS (U. S. Navy) Decorated in 1908. WHITEHEAD, WALTER E. (U. S. Navy) Decorated in 1908. ZOGBAUM, RUFUS FAIRCHILD Born, Charleston, S. C. Art Education at Art Students' League, New York, and under Leon J. F. Bonnat, Paris. Delineator of military and naval subjects. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 329 Member of American Water Color Society; associate member, United States Naval Institute, United States Military Service Institution, and of the Army and Navy and Century Clubs. Author of : Horse, Foot and Dragoons, or Sketches of Army Life; All Hands; Ships and Sailors; The Junior Officer of the Watch. Present occupation, Artist and Author. Given Order of Bolivar, 1908. Present address, 11 12 Carnegie Studios, 56th Street and 7th Avenue, New York. Afofonfra Belgium, Leopold I. McGIBBONS, JOHN H. Chevalier in 1904. (For sketch see Siam, Crown.) France, Legion of Honor BARTLETT, PAUL WAYLAND Artist. Promoted Officier, July 16, 1908. Present address, 229 E. 20th Street, New York City. BASHFORD, DEAN Educator. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1910. Present address, Columbia University, New York. 33i 332 AMERICAN MEMBERS BERG, HART O. Promoted Officier, July 24, 1909. Present address, 54 Avenue Montaigne, Paris. BERRY, WALTER V. R. Member International Court, Cairo. Created Chevalier, July 19, 1906. (For sketch see Italy, Crown.) BING, T. E. Created Chevalier, August 4, 1907. BLUMENTHAL, FERDINAND. Manufacturer. Created Chevalier, January 15, 1909. BOYLE, WILBUR F. Created Officier, March 20, 1907. (For sketch see Prussia, Crown.) BRANDUS, EDWARD Merchant. Created Chevalier, August 4, 1907. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 333 BROSSEAU, Z. P. President French Benevolent Society. Created Chevalier, January I, 1908. Present address, Board of Trade, Chicago. CACHARD, HENRY Lawyer. Promoted Officier, July 21, 1906. Present address, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. CAPDEVILLE, ARMAND Editor. Created Chevalier, April 8, 1908. Present address, New Orleans, La. CLAYTON, THOMAS Created Chevalier, February 27, 1907. DALIBA, WILLIAM SWIFT European Manager American Express Company. Created Chevalier, July 25, 1905. Present address, Rue Scribe, Paris. DAVIS, THEODORE M. Created Chevalier, July 20, 1907. 334 AMERICAN MEMBERS ELLIOTT, MARSHALL Educator. Created Chevalier, July 20, 1907. Present address, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. FLETCHER, JAMES M. Created Chevalier, January 5, 1907. FULLER, PAUL Lawyer. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1910. HENROTIN, CHARLES CLEMENT Created Chevalier, January 1, 1910. Present address, 251 Goethe Street, Chicago. HOPKINS, WILLIAM A. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1908. HUMPHREYS, JOHNSTON Artist. Created Chevalier, March 7, 1901. HUNTINGTON, HENRY ALOXZO Lawyer, Patron of Art. Created Chevalier, January 20, 1907. Present address, Borden Block, Chicago. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 335 KANE, JOHN CLARKE Banker. Created Chevalier, January 14, 1902. Present address, Paris. KELLY, EDMOND Chevalier, October 15, 1905. KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY Artist. Promoted Officier, January 26, 1909. Present address, Poissy, Siene-et-Oise, France. LAPLACE, ERNEST Physician. Created Chevalier, July 19, 1906. Present address, 1828 South Rittenhouse Street, Phila- delphia, Pa. LOUBAT, JOSEPH F. DUKE DE Promoted Commander, January 24, 1906. (For sketch see Denmark, Dannebrog.) MacLAUGHLIN, JAMES Created Chevalier, June 29, 1906. 336 AMERICAN MEMBERS MAGNIN, AMY J. Physician. Created Officier, January 14, 1910. Present address, Paris, France. MASON, ALEXANDER TAYLOR Lawyer. Created Chevalier, July 16, 1908. MEYER, EUGENE Banker. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1908. Present address, New York. MILLER, RICHARD EDWARD Artist. Created Chevalier, August 4, 1907. PARSONS, FREDERICK J. Engineer. Created Chevalier, January 24, 1906. PINTARD, HENRY A. President French Society of Benevolence. Created Chevalier, December 31, 1904. Present address, Philadelphia, Pa. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 337 REED, CHARLES A. LEE Physician. Created Chevalier, July 16, 1908. Present address, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. REVELL, ALEXANDER HAMILTON Merchant. Created Chevalier, July, 16, 1908. Present address, 184 Lincoln Park Boulevard, Chicago. ROALDES, ARTHUR WASHINGTON DE Physician. Promoted Commander, January 1, 1908. Present address, 1328 Jackson Avenue, New Or- leans, La. ROSENGARTEN, JOSEPH G. Lawyer. Created Chevalier, January 15, 1904. Present address, 1704 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. SANDS, WILLIAM FRANKLCN Created Chevalier, September 14, 1901. SEDGWICK, B. R Musician. • Created Chevalier, December 29, 1903. 338 AMERICAN MEMBERS SELIGMAN, WILLIAM Banker. Created Officier, July 21, 1903. Present address, New York City. SIMONS, MARIUS Artist. Created Chevalier, January 15, 1909. SPAULDING, JOHN HENRY Created Chevalier, January 1, 1910. STERN, LOUIS Merchant. Created Chevalier, February 27, 1907. Present address, 22 West 23d Street, New York City. ^TRATTON, SAMUEL WESLEY Director Bureau of Standards. Created Chevalier, June 18, 1909. Present address, Bureau of Standards, Washing- ton, D. C. THOMAS, STEPHEN S. Artist. Created Chevalier, December 31, 1904. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 339 TREMAINE, HENRY B. Created Chevalier, January I, 1908. Present address, Steinway Hall, New York. TROWBRIDGE, S. BRECK PARKMAN Architect. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1910. Present address, 123 East 70th Street, New York City. VALOIS, ARTHUR E. Promoted Officier, December 9, 1903. VIGNAUD, HENRI Promoted Grand Officier, May 11, 1909. Present address, Paris, France. WEILL, RAPHAEL Artist. Created Chevalier, January 1, 1908. Present address, San Francisco, Cal. WHITE, JULIAN Lawyer. Created Chevalier, May 14, 1905. Present address, Baltimore, Md. 340 AMERICAN MEMBERS WILEY, HARVEY WASHINGTON Chief Chemist, Department of Agriculture. Created Chevalier, July 17, 1909. Present address, Department of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C. WILSON, PIERRE KENNETH Merchant. Created Chevalier, January 11, 1907. WRIGHT, ORVILLE Aviator. Created Chevalier, July 20, 1909. Present address, Dayton, O. WRIGHT, WILBUR Aviator. Created Chevalier, July 20, 1909. Present address, Dayton, O. ZIEGFELD, FLORENCE Musician. Created Chevalier, July 24, 1903. Present address, 501 West Adams Street, Chicago. OF FOREIGN ORDERS 34i Alpljafottral Ctat of (friers Page ADOLPH OF NASSAU 211 ALBERT THE VALOROUS (Saxony) ALBERT THE BEAR (Anhalt),83 ANNUNZIATA (Italy) AVIS, ST. BENTO D' (Portugal) BATH (Great Britain) BENE MERENTI (Roumania), 235 BLACK EAGLE (Prussia) BUST OF BOLIVAR (Venezuela) 3 J S CALATRAVA (Spain) GAMBOGE 37 CHARLES XII (Spain) 263 CHARLES XIII (Sweden) CHARLES FREDERICK (Baden) CHEFAKAT (Turkey) 309 CHRIST (Pontifical) CHRIST (Portugal) 230 CHRYSANTHEMUM (Japan) CIVIL MERIT (Bulgaria) 34 CIVIL MERIT (Prussia) 130 CIVIL MERIT (Saxony) CONCEPTION OF VICIOSA (Portugal) CROWN OF PRUSSIA (Prussia) 93 CROWN (Bavaria) CROWN OF INDIA (Great Britain) CROWN IRON (Austria) CROWN OF ITALY (Italy) ... 151 CROWN (Japan) 207 CROWN, OAKEN (Luxembourg) CROWN OF ROUMANIA (Roumania) 237 CROWN OF SIAM (Siam) 256 CROWN OF THE WENDES (Mecklenburg) CROWN OF WURTTEMBURG (Wurttemburg) Page DANILO (Montenegro) DANNEBROG (Denmark) 45 DRAGON, THE DOUBLE (China) 38 EAGLE, THE BLACK (Prussia) EAGLE, THE RED (Prussia), 116 EAGLE, THE WHITE (Russia) EAGLE, THE WHITE (Servia) ELEPHANT (Denmark) ELIZABETH (Bavaria) ELIZABETH THERESA (Austria- Hungary) ERENESTINE (Saxe-Coburg), 132 FALCON, THE WHITE (Saxe- Weimar) FRANCIS JOSEPH (Austria- Hungary) 16 FREDERICK (Wurttemburg), 135 GARTER (Great Britain) GOLDEN FLEECE (Austria- Hungary) GOLDEN FLEECE (Spain) GOLDEN LION (Hesse) GOLDEN LION (Nassau, Netherlands) GREGORY THE GREAT (Pontifical) 227 HENRY THE LION (Brunswick) HOHENZOLLERN, THE HOUSE OF (Prussia) IFTIKHAR (Tunis) 293 IMTIAZ (Turkey) 312 IRON CROWN (Austria- Hungary) 15 ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC (Spain) 263 LEGION OF HONOR (France), 51 LEOPOLD (Austria-Hungary) LEOPOLD I (Belgium) 21 342 AMERICAN MEMBERS Page Leopold II (Belgium) 3' LION OF ZAEHRINGEN (Baden) 85 LITTERIS ET ARTIBUS (Sweden) LOUIS THE ROYAL (Bavaria) LOUIS (Hesse) LOUISA (Prussia) LOYALTY, OR FIDELITY (Baden) LYAKAT (Turkey) 3" MARIA ISABELLA LOUISA (Spain) MARIA LOUISA (Spain) MARIA THERESA (Austria) MAXIMILIAN (Bavaria) MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH (Bavaria) MEDJIDIE (Turkey) 295 MERIT (British India, Great Britain) MERIT (Prussia) 130 MERIT, CIVIL (Italy) MILITARY MERIT, CHARLES FREDERICK (Baden) MILITARY MERIT (Hesse) MILITARY MERIT (Bavaria) MILITARY MERIT (Mecklenburg) MILITARY MERIT (Prussia) MILITARY MERIT (Great Britain) MILITARY MERIT (Spain) MILITARY MERIT (Russia) MILITARY MERIT (Wurttemburg) MONTESA, OUR LADY OF (Spain) NETHERLANDS LION (Netherlands) OAK CROWN (Luxembourg) OLGA (WurttemDurg) ORANGE NASSAU (Holland), 14 OSMANIE (Turkey) 302 PHILIP LE BON (the House of Hesse) 91 PIUS (Pontifical) POLE STAR (Sweden) 272 >A Page RED EAGLE . (Prussia) 116 REDEEMER (Greece) 137 REDEMPTION, AFRICAN (Liberia) 209 RISING SUN (Japan) 163 ROYAL ORDER (Cambodia)... 37 RUE CROWN (Saxony) SACRED ORDER (Siam) SACRED TREASURE (Japan), 193 SAINT ALEXANDER(Bulgaria) 33 SAINT ANDREW (Russia) SAINT ANDREW, OR OF THE THISTLE (Great Britain) SAINT ANNE (Bavaria) SAINT ANNE (Russia) 239 SAINT BENEDICT OF AVIS (Portugal) SAINT CATHARINE (Russia) SAINT CHARLES (Monaco) SAINT FERDINAND (Spain) SAINT GEORGE (Bavaria) SAINT GEORGE (Russia) SAINT GREGORY THE GREAT (Pontifical) 227 SAINT HENRY (Saxony) SAINT HERMENGILDE (Spain) SAINT HUBERT (Bavaria) SAINT ISABELLA (Portugal) SAINT JAMES (Spain) SAINT JAMES OF THE SWORD (Portugal) 229 SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM (Prussia) SAINT MAURICE AND SAINT LAZARUS (Italy) 145 SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE (Great Britain) SAINT MICHAEL (Bavaria) . 87 SAINT OLAF (Norway) 213 SAINT PATRICK (Great Britain) ^AINT PETER (Montenegro) SAINT SAVA (Servia) 253 SAINT STANISLAUS (Russia) 242 SAINT STEPHEN (Austria- Hungary) SAINT SYLVESTER (Pontifical) SAINT VLADIMIR (Russia), 252 OF FOREIGN ORDERS 343 Page SAVIOR (REDEEMER) (Greece) 137 SAVOY CIVIL (Italy) SAVOY MILITARY (Italy) SERAPHIM (Sweden) SIDONIA (Saxony) STANISLAUS (Russia) 242 STAR OF INDIA (Great Britain) STARRY CROSS {Austria- Hungary) SUN AND LION (Persia) 225 SWAN (Prussia) SWORD (Sweden) 270 Page TAKOVA (Servia) 253 THERESA (Bavaria) THISTLE, OR OF ST. ANDREW (Great Britain) VASA (Sweden) 277 VICTORIA AND ALBERT (Great Britain) WHITE EAGLE (Russia) WHITE EAGLE (Servia) WHITE ELEPHANT (SIAM), 255 WHITE FALCON (Sa.xe-Weimar) WILLIAM (Netherlands) Alphahrttral ffiiat of Ufambwa Note. — In order to make this index contain the names of all Americans having Orders, reference is made to the "Legionnaires — A Directory of Citizens of the United States on whom France has conferred the National Order." Washington, 1903. Such reference is indicated by L. of H. Page ABBEY, E. A., L. of H 7 ABRAHAMSON, L. G 272 ADAMS, E. D 93 ADAMS, MILWARD, 21, 137, 293 ADDISON, D. D 209 ADOUE, B 277 AKERLIND, A 269 ALBERT, A. E. P., 210 ALDEN, W. L 151 ALEXANDER, J. W., L. of H., 9 ALLEN, F 165 ALLEN, H. T 278 ALLEN, W. F 22 ALLEN, W. H 315 ALLIS, E. P 52 ANDERSON, J 213 ANDERSON, J. F 278 ANDERSON, L 145 ANDREEN, G. A 272 ANGELL, J. B 193 ANUNDSEN, A 214 ARCHIBALD, J. F. J., 243, 263,31s ARNOLD, C. H 315 ATKINSON, F. H 316 BAILLY-BLANCHARD, A., 52, 244 BAIRD, A., L. of H 11 BAKER, A. C, L. of H 11 BAKER, C. M 165 BALLOW, E. A 256 BARKER, G. F., L. of H 12 BARKER, W 244 BARNARD, C. 1 53, 295, 302 BARRETT, J 38, 316 Page BARRY, T. H 245 BARTON, CLARA 309 BARTLETT, P. W 331 BASHFORD, D 331 BATES, E. A., L. of H 14 BATES, L. W S3 BAUMBACH, M. W. II. von, 94, 132 BEAN, T. H 54, 117, 165 BECK, A. T 165 BECK, C 273 BELL, A. G., L. of H 15 BELL, J. F 54 BELMONT, P 54, 194 BENEDICT, W. L 195 BERG, H. 332 BERRY, W. V. R 145, 152, 332 BERTUCH, F 214 BETHELL, U. N 195 BING, T. E 332 BINGHAM, T., L. of H 18 BIORN, E 214 BIRNIE, R„ L. of H 18 BISBING, H. S., L. of H 19 BIXBY, W. H, L. of H 19 BLACKMAR, P., L. of H 20 BLAKE, W. P., L. of H 21 BLISS, R. W 166, 239 BLOCH, S., L. of H 21 BLUMENTHAL, F 332 BOAS, E. L., 17, 94, 117, 137, 146. 215, 295, 303, 317 BOECKMANN, E 214 BOLDT, G. C 95 BOWIE, H. P 166 BOYD, G. W 9 6 346 AMERICAN MEMBERS Page BOYD, H. A 137 BOYLE, W. F 96, 332 BOYNTON, C. A 166 BRACKETT, F., L of H 22 BRADDOCK, C. S 257 BRANDUS, E 332 BREMER, O. -. 96 BREWER, J 317 BREWSTER, A. W 38 BRIDGMAN, F. A 55, 87 BRIESEN, A. VON 55, 97 BROOKE, J. R., L. of H 22 BROOKS, W. P 166 BROSSEAU, Z. P 333 BROWNSON, W. H., L. of H., 23 BRUSH, C. F., L. of H 23 BUCK, B. F 167 BUCK, C. F 97 BUCKMAN, R. D 803 BURGESS, J. W 83 BURKE, T 168 BURT, W 146 BUTLER, R., L. of H 24 CABANISS, R. W 317 CACHARD, H 333 CAHN, D., L. of H 25 CAPDEVIELLE, A 333 CAPDEVIELLE, P 56,215 CAPERTON, W. B 317 CAPEHART, A. S., L. of H., 25 CARL, K. A 39 CARNEGIE, A 57 CARTY, J. J 168 CASSATT, M 58 CAULDWELL, J. B., L. of H., 26 CHAFFEE, A. R 58 CHAILLE-LONG, C., 152,295,304 CHARTIER, G. M„ L. of H... 27 CHASE, W. M 87 CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C, 58, 153, 229, 231, 264, 317 CHESTER, J., L. of H 28 CHILDBERG, A 279 CHRISTENSEN, C. C 45 CLARKE, F. W„ L. of H 28 CLAYTON, T. A 333 Page CLEWS, H 168 CLOMAN, S 245 COAKLEY, J. J 97 COCHRANE, H. C 59 COHN, A 60, 153 COLLINS, P. A., L. of H 30 CONGDON, J. W 195 CONREID, H 17, 97, 153 COOK, C. T„ L. of H 30 COOK, F. A 23 COOKE, F. A 317 COOLIDGE, C. A., L. of H... 31 COOPER, P. H 317 COPPINGER, J. J 153 COURT, EMIL 98 CRAFTS, J. M., L. of H 32 CRAMP, MRS. E. S 310 CRANE, CHARLES 245 CRIDLER, T. W 34, 296 CRIMMINS, J. D 227 CRONIN, W. P 318 CROSBY, J. S 154 CROZIER, WILLIAM 61 CUELBROECK, C. DE 227 CUNEO, F 154 CUNLIFFE-OWEN, F 154 CURRIE, C. E 45 CUTLER, W. G 61 DAHL, T. H 215 DALIBA, W. S 333 DAMBMANN, GEO., L. of H., 33 DANIELS, F. H 273 DANNAT, W. T., L. of H 34 DAVIDSON, J. W 169,216 DAVIDSON, 216 DAVIS, A. H 61 DAVIS, R. H 296 DAVIS, T. M 333 DAYTON, E. W., L. of H 34 DAYTON, J. H 318 DEERING, JAMES, L. of H., 35, 99 DEERING, WM„ L. of H 35 DE FOREST, J. H 170 DEILER, J. H 99 DE LIMA, E. S. A 196 DENISON, H. W 170, 196 OF FOREIGN ORDERS 347 Page DEWEY, S„ L. of H 35 DE YOUNG, M. H„ L. of H. . . 36 DIEHL, S. W. B 318 DIXON, J. M 171 DOANE, W. H„ L of H 36 DODGE, C. R., L. of II 37 DOE, ANDERS 216 DOREY, HALSTEAD 61 DRAEMEL, M. F 319 DRAKE, F. E., L. of H 38 DUNTLEY, J. W., L. of H 38 DUDLEY, N. H 138 DUVEEN, H. J 61, 118 EASTMAN, GEO., L. of H., 39 EDIE, J. R 319 EDISON, T. A., L. of H 40 EGAN, T. P., L. of H 40 ELIOT, C. W 62, 100 ELLIOT, D. G., 17. 9'. '35. 154. 171, 231. 263, 2S4 ELLIOTT, M 334 EMERSON, EDWIN, JR 319 ENANDER, J. A 269 ERICKSON, JOHN 279 EVANS, G. E 62 FABYAN, GEORGE 171 FAIRCHILD, C. S 196 FAIRLAMB, J. R 136 FARMAN, E. E 296 FAULKNER, E. D., L. of IT... 42 FENOLLOSA, E. F 172, 197 FERGUSON, J. C, 39, 62, 197, 239 FERNSTROM, K. H 274 FINLEY, J. H 172 FISHER, GUSTAV 118 FLEISCHMANN, JULIUS 118 FLEMIGER, J 138 FLETCHER, J. M 334 FLINT, AUSTIN 320 FOORD, JOHN 173 FORSANDER, NILS 274 FORTESQUE, G. R 173 FORTIER, ALCEE, L. of H... 42 FRANCIS, D. R 62,101,118 FRANCKE, KUNO 101,118 Page FRENCH, D. C, L. of H 44 FRYER, JOHN 40 FULLER, D. W 321 FULLER, PAUL 334 FURBER, IT. J 63 GAFFXEY, T. ST. J 24, 64 GAGE, H. K 321 GASTON, E. P 312 GAY, NELSON 156 GAY, WALTER 65 GEDDINGS, IT. D 146 GEORGE, HARRY 65 GETZ, JOHN, L. of H 46 GIER, THEODOR 101 GLEAVES, A., L. of IT 47 GOFF, COLONEL 239 GOLDSBOROUGH, W. E 156 GOODRICH, P. M 40 GOODRICH, C. F 321 GOODWIN, W. W 138 GORDON, ALEX., L. of II... 47 GORE, J. H., 24. 32, 34, 141, 237, 255, 257, 280 GRACEY, S. L 41 GRAU, MAURICE, L. of H... 49 GREEN, C. F„ L. of H 49 GREENE, F. V .240,252 GREENE, R. S 173 GREENER, R. T 41 GREVESTAD, NICOLAY ....216 GRIFFIS, W. E 174 GRISCOM, C. A ...118,141 GRISCOM, L. G 75,225,322 GRISCOM, MRS. L. G 310 GUENZEL, LOUIS 102 GUIGNARD, W. B 65 GUNNELL, W. C, L. of H.... 51 GUTSCH, GUSTAV 119 HALE, W. B 175 HALL, G. E., 225,231,293,297,304 HAMLIN, C. S 139, 197 HAMMERICH, A 46 HARRIS, M. C 198 HARRISON, ALEX., L. of H., 53 HASTINGS, SEYMOUR 245 348 AMERICAN MEMBERS Page HAWLEY, J. M 65 I-IAYNIE, J. H 66, 139 HEAD, FRANKLIN, L. of H... 55 HEALEY, W. M., L. of H 56 HELLMAN, MAX, L. of H... 56 HEMPHILL, J. H 67 HENROTIN, C. C 334 HENROTIN, E. M 25, 310 HEPBURN, J. C 176 HERRING, CARL, L. of H... 57 HERTZ, M. L 46 HESS, WILLY 211 HEXAMER, C. J 119 HIBBEN, PAXTON 199, 246 HIGGINSON, F. J 67 HILL, D. J 142 HILPRECHT, H. V., 47, 84, 135, 304, 313 HILPRECHT, S. C 311 HIRSCHBERG, F. D 120,176 HIRTH, FRIEDRICH 246 HITCHCOCK, GEORGE 17 HOCH, E. S 102, 176 HOEGH, KNUT 217 HOFF, J. V. R ,.240 HOFMAN, JULIUS 103 HOLBROOK, EDW., L. of H, 58 HOLDEN, E. S 47,132,323 HOLLAND, J. P 177 HOLLAND, W. J., 15, 18, 68, 103, 156 HOLMES, LUDWIG ....270, 280 HOLT, HAMILTON 199 HONE, JOHN 199 HOOPES, E. T 323 HOPKINS, W. A 334 HORNE, F. W 280 HOUGH, WALTER 264 HOVE, E. H 217,280 HOWARD, J. W., L. of H 59 HOWARD, W. L 146 HOWE, H. M 247 HOWE, W. H., L. of H 61 HOWLAND, L. M., L. of H... 61 HOYT, J. W 18 HULBERT, M. H, 19, 25, 34, 68, 157, 177, 280 Page HUMPHREYS, JOHNSTONE, 334 HUNT, H. W 248 HUNTINGTON, H. A 334 HUNTLEY, B. E„ L. of II 62 HUTCHESON, GROTE 68 HYDE, J. H 255, 290 IAUKEA, C. P., L, of H 63 IRELAND, JOHN, L. of H... 64 IRWIN, W. G 200, 232 IVES, H. C, 15,25, 33, 42, 47, 147, 177, 232, 281 JACQUES, W. H 177 JENNINGS, F. B 178 JOHNSSON, A. E 281 JOHNSON, R. U 157 JOHNSTON, R. Z 323 JONES, E. R 323 JUDSON, H. P 104 JUNG, F. A. R 105, 248 JUNKER, AUGUST 179 KAHN, LAZARD, L. of H 65 KANE, J. C 335 KELLY, EDMOND 335 KENNAN, GEORGE 200 KIELY, MATTHEW 120 KILDAHL, J. N 217 KILIANI, O. G. T 42, 88 KINNEY, C. G 42 KITSON, H. H 235 KLASSIG, EMIL 106 KNAPP, W. 1 265 KNIGHT, D. R., L. of H„ 66, 335 KNOEDLER, R. F., L. of H... 67 KNOWLES, H. G 237, 254 KNOX, G. W 179 KOHLSAAT, C. W 281 KOREN, U. V 217 KREHBIEL, IT. E., L. of H... 67 KUNZ, C. F 218 KURTZ, C. M 35 LADD, G. T 188 LA FARGE, JOHN, L. of H... 68 LAGORIO, ANTONIO 157 LAMB, WILLIAM 281 LANE, S, E 323 OF FOREIGN ORDERS 349 Page LANG, H. R 229 LANGHORNE, G. T 69 LANIER, CHARLES 201 LANZA, GAETANO 147 LAPLACE, ERNEST 335 LAPRAIK, G. S 181 LARSEN, P. L 219 LAUGHLIN, E. B 181 LE BLANC, CHAS., L. of H., 6S LE DUC, ALPHONSE ..232, 258 LEISHMAN, MRS. J. G. A. ..311 LEONARD, HENRY 42 LIEB, J. W 15S LINDBERG, C. E 274 LINDAHL, J. H. J 282 LINDGREN, J, R 282 LOEWY, WILHELM 121 LONG, J. V 139 LOOMIS, F. B 69, 201 LOUBAT, J. F. DUKE DE, 47. 283, 335 LOW, SETH 181 LOWENSTEIN, B 283 LUND, K. H 219 LUNDGREN, ERNEST 283 LYLE, D. A., L. of H 69 LYON, H. W 219 McCAIN, G. N 323 McCALLA, B. H 121 MacCAULEY, CLAY 181 McCHESNEY, W. S 122 McCOOK, J. J 183 McCOOMB, M. M 241 McCORMICK, A. M. D 324 McCORMICK, C. H., L. of H., 70 McCORMICK, R. S 183 McCULLEY, N. A 242 McCURDY, R. H„ L. of II 70 MacDONNELL, T. F 2S4 MacEWEN, WALTER, 32, 69, 88 MacFADDEN, J. F 184 McGIBBONS, J. H., 122, 158, 184, 258, 294, 331 MacLAUGHLIN, JAMES ....335 McLEAN, N. T 324 Page McMonnies, F. w 89 MacVEAGH, CHARLES 184 MAGNIN, A. J 335 MAILLARD, HENRY, L. of II., 73 MANNING, M. M. C 25, 70 MARSH, C. C 184 MARTIN, W. A. P 42 MARZO, EDUARDO 159 MASON, A. T 336 MATTHEWS, J. B 70 MAXIM, H. S., L. of II 74 MEADE, W. M 324 MEIKLEJOHN, G. D 271 MELCHERS, GARI 71,89 MELLIN, C. J 284 MELLIS, D. C 325 MENZEL, P. A 106 METCALFE, HENRY 305 MEYER, C. H 285 MEYER, EUGENE 336 MEYER, G. VON L 184 MILLER, CHAS., L. of H 76 MILLER, H. I : 202 MILLER, R. E 336 MILLER, R. E 202 MILLETT, F. D., 202, 236, 242, 24S MILLS, A. L., L. of I-1 77 MOORE, C. A., L. of H 78 MOORE, D. T 71 MOORE, W. J. P., L. of H 79 MORGAN, EDWIN, L. of H. . . 79 MORGAN, J. P. L. of H 80 MORSCH, JULIUS 106 MORSE, E. S 185 MORSE, J. R 203 MORTON, J. E 2S5 MOSLER, HENRY, L. of II... 80 MOTT, T. B 71 MUCKLE, M. R 106, 122 MULLER, RICHARD 123 MUNROE, E. C 297 MUNSTERBURG, HUGO, 107, 123 MURAT, A. J 285 MURPHY 249 MURRELL, HAMILTON .... 48 MUSCHENHEIM, W. F. C 285 350 AMERICAN MEMBERS Page NEWCOMB, W. A 203 NICHOLSON, R. F 71 NIELSEN, A 48 NOLAN, D. E 71 NORELIUS, ERIK 275 NUGENT, D. C 286 OCHS, G. W., L. of H 82 OCKERSON, J. A., 26, 42, 107, 159, 286 OFTEDAL, SVEN 220 OHAGE, JUSTUS 123 O'LAUGHLIN, J. C 203, 250 OLCOTT, R. M 287 OLSEN, TINIUS 220 OPDYCKE, L. E 148 OSBON, B. S 325 OSTHEIMER, G. R, L. of H„ 83 PACHE, JOSEPH 123 PALMER, B. H., L. of H 84 PARSONS, F. J 336 PATTERSON, J. H., L. of H, 85 PEABODY, F. G 108 PEARCE, C. S 26, 48, 124, 220 PEARTREE, HENRY. L. of H. 86 PECK, F. W., L. of H 86 PEIRCE, H. H. D., L. of H... 87 PEIXOTTO, M. P., L. of H... 87 PENFIELD, F. C, 250, 253, 298, 306 PERRY, W. A 186 PETERSON, W. A 287 PETIT, HENRY, 220, 266, 275, 294 PFEIFFER, HEINRICH 108 FEVERLY, ROBERT 186 PINTARD, H. A 336 PLUMACHER, E. H 298 POLL, MAX 124 POPE, G. P 238 PORTER, HORACE 72 POST, G. B., L. of H 88 POPE, G. P 228 POTTER, WILLIAM 148 PRATT, F. C, L. of H 89 PRIM, FRANCIS 109 PROCTOR, T. R 204 Page PUTNAM, F. W., L. of H 89 PUTNAM, G. H., L. of H 90 OUALES, N. T 221 RATHBONE, J. L 73 RAVOGLI, AUGUSTUS 159 REED, C. A. L 336 REICHMANN, CARL 250 REICK, W. C 109 REISINGER, HUGO no REVELL, A. H 337 REYNOLDS, J. B 42 RICE, E. W. 74 RICHARD, W. R 204 RICHARDS, C. B., L. of H... 92 RICHARDSON, D. S 204 RICHTER, CLEMENS 125 RIIS, J. A 48 ROALDES, A. W. DE 337 ROBINSON, EDWARD 126 ROCHE, C. P. DE LA 228 ROEHRIG, F. L. 299 ROGERS, F. F 326 ROGERS, H. J., 26, 126, 149, 186, 275 ROGERS, R. P., L. of H 94 ROSENGARTEN, J. G 337 ROSENTWIST, B. G. A 288 ROTCH, A. L 74, no, 127 RUBENS, HARRY 16, in RUSSELL, LINDSAY 204 RUSSELL, W. W 74 SAHLGAARD, H. H 288 SA10US, C. E. 27,326 SANDS, W. F 337 SARGENT, J. S 131 SARTORI, H. J 49 SCIIAAF, H 289 SCIIARWENKA, KAVIER .. 49 SCHAUSS, WILLIAM 74 SCHIFF, J. H 186, 205 SCHIRMER, GOTTFRIED ...112 SCHLENKER, JOSEPH ..112, 135 SCHMIDT, WILHELM 112 OF FOREIGN ORDERS 35i Page SCHMIDTEN, M. G. VON ... 49 SCHOEN, C. T., L. of H 97 SCHOENFELD, MRS. H 311 SCHOENFELD, H„ 225, 300, 306, 326 SCHOFIELD, J. McA., L. of H., 98 SCHROEDER, REGINALD ..300 SCHROERS, JOHN 127 SCHUYLER, WALTER 242 SCHWAB, G. H 127, 149 SCHWEIZER, ALFRED, L. of H 98 SCIDMORE, E. R 208 SCIDMORE, G. H 186 SCOTT, W. P 313 SEAMAN, L. L 187 SECKENDORFF, M. G 112 SEDGWICK, B. R 337 SELFRIDGE, T. O., L. of I-I... 99 SELIGMAN, D. W„ L. of H... 99 SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON .... 75 SELIGMAN, WILLIAM 337 SELLERS, COLEMAN 221 SELLERS, WM„ L. of H... 99 SEWARD, G. F 49, 75 SEYMOUR, THOMAS 75 SHARP, ALEXANDER 75 SHIPPEN, EDWARD 160 SICKLES, D. E., L. of H 100 SIGSBEE, C. D 127, 326 SIGSWORTH, J. M 43 SILVA, JOSE T., L. of H 101 SIMONDS, W. E., L. of H 101 SIMMONS, FRANKLIN 161 SIMONS, MARIUS 338 SIMPSON, JOHN 50 SIMS, W. S 75 SINGENBERGER, JOHN ....228 SKIFF, F. J. V., 19, 27, 35, 43, 50, 76, 128, 161, 205, 226, 230, 258, 300 SMITH, ALLEN 43 SMITH, C. A 289 SMITH, F. H 222, 300, 307 SMITH, F. N 289 SMITH, J. L 301 SMITH, L. C, L. of H 103 SMITH, N. F 188 Page SMITH, R. C 76 SMITH, W. A 113 SNOWDEN, A. L., 139, 235, 253, 266 SNYDER, V. P 188 SOMERS, S. R 289 SPALDING, A. G„ L. of H...104 SPAULDING, J. H 338 SPEAR, RAYMOND 242 STEENSLAND, HALLE, 222, 289 STEINBACH, IRWIN 228 STEINWAY, C. H. ...76,128,313 STEJNEGER, LEONHARD ..222 STENBERG, E. M 290 STERN, LOUIS 33S STEVENS, C. E 233, 266 STEVENS, W. B., 28, 43, 129, 161, 188 STEWARD, J. F 258 STEWART, J. L 28, 76 STILLMAN, JAMES 189 STOCKBRIDGE, H. E ..189 STOKES, JAMES ....76, 150, 162 STOLPE, MAURITS 290 STONE, M. E., 114, 162, 189, 206, 251, 291 STORY, J. R, L. of H 106 STOWELL, E. C 143, 251 STRATTON, S. W 338 STRAUSS, A. D 266 STUB, H. C 223 SULLIVAN, J. E 139 SWAIN, R 189 SWASEY, AMBROSE, L. of H., 107 SWEENEY, Z. T 307 SYMONDS, F. M 326 SYMONS, T. W 43 TAUHE, H. G. J 291 TAYLOR, F. W., 77, 162, 189, 233 TAYLOR, H. C. TAYLOR, J. L 28 TAYLOR, W. W., L. of H...108 TERHUNE, W. J 327 TERRELL, E. H 29 TERRY, H. T 190, 206 THALMAN, E 114 THAYER, W. R 163 352 AMERICAN MEMBERS Page THOMAS, S. S 338 THOMAS, W. W 276 THOMPSON, F. D., 150, 163, 302, 307 THOMPSON, HOWARD 77 THOMPSON, MILLS 259 THOMPSON, R. J., L. of H„ 108 THOMSON, ELIHU, L. of H., 109 TIFFANY, L. C, L. of H no TIRLINDELLI, P. A 163 TISON, ALEXANDER 206 TODD, C. C 327 TOLMAN, W. H 29, 78, 114 TORRAS, R 291 TOWER, CHARLEMAGNE .. 78 TREE, LAMBERT, L. of H....111 TRELEASE, WILLIAM 260 TREMAINE, H. B 338 TROTZ, J. O. E 291 TROWBRIDGE, S. B. P 339 TUCK, EDWARD 79 TUCK, S. P., L. of H 112 TYROX, J. R 327 VACH, W. E 114 VAIL, E. L., L. of II 113 V ALOIS, A. E., L. of H., 114, 339 VAN DUZER, L. S 328 VARXUM, J. M., L. of H 114 VERN, E. G. P 292 YIGXAUD, HENRI 339 VINCENT, FRANK 234,328 YOCKE, WILLIAM ..85, 114, 129 YOLINI, CAMILLO 1 64 YON UNSCHULD, MRS. M., 236. 254, 312 WACHSMANN-WACHSNER, L 115 WADDELL, J. A. L 190 WAHLSTROM, MATTIIAIS, 276 WAINRIGHT, RICHARD .... 79 WALTER, AUGUSTUS 206 WALZ, W. E 191 WANAMAKER, RODMAN, L. of II 116 WARD, G. G us, 191 WARE, L. S 30,37,80,294 Page WASDIN, EUGENE 150 WASHBURN, GEORGE ....33, 3« WASHINGTON, THOMAS ..328 WATTS, ETHELBERT...191, 308 WEBB, S. D 207 WEILL, RAPHAEL 339 WELLS, ROLLA 49, 130, 191 WENTWORTH, CECILE DE, 228 WEST, A. B 208 WESTENGARD, J. 1 81, 261 WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE, 30, 81, 164 WHITE, A. D., L. of H„ 22, 119 WHITE, JULIAN 339 WHITEHEAD, W. E 328 WHITEHOUSE, H. R 130 WHITELEY, J. G 32 WILEY, H. W 339 WILEY, W. H 31 WILKINS, G. S., L. of H 119 WILLARD, A. R 164 WILLIAMS, FERD 115 WILLIAMS, G. B 191, 309 WILLIAMS, J. R., L. of H....120 WILLOUGHBY, W. F., L. of H 120 WILSON, ARTHUR 292 WILSON, HUNTINGTON ....192 WILSON, J. G 267 j WILSON, P. K 3+0 WOOD, LEONARD 82 WOOD, O. E 207 WOODFORD, S. L 116, 192 WOODMAN, C. E 267 WOODWARD, B. D., L. of H., 121 WRIGHT, ORVILLE 340 WRIGHT, WILBUR 340 WULSIN, LUCIEN, L. of H., 122 YOUNG, E. L 207 YOUNG, S. B. M„ L. of H., 122 ZIEGFELD, FLORENCE ....340 ZIMMERMAN, GUST AY ....130 ZOGBAUM. R. F 32S ZOLNAY, G. J 235