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 FROM THE 
 
 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
 
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 SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 
 
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Cornell University Library 
 JK14 1920 
 
 The Constitution of tlie United States of 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 030 449 866 
 
P B Cornell University 
 WM Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030449866 
 
THE 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 LITERAL PRINT 
 
 
 f'OKKM. |.|__ 
 
 
 t^NlV|:k[.n Y 
 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 
 
 • 
 
 1920 
 
 
 v\ 
 
f^Ar^5'q5'4 
 
 
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a 
 more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tran- 
 quility, provide for the common defence, promote the gen- 
 eral Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to 
 ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this 
 Constitution for the United States of America. 
 
 Article. I. 
 
 Section, i. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be 
 vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall con- 
 sist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
 Section. 2. The House of Representatives shall be com- 
 posed of Members chosen every second Year by the People 
 of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall 
 
 the 
 
 have ^ Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most 
 numerous Branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have 
 attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and' been seven 
 Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, 
 when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he 
 shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned 
 among the several States which may be included within this 
 Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be 
 determined bv adding: to the whole Number of free Persons, 
 
4 
 including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and 
 excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. 
 The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years 
 after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, 
 and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such 
 Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Rep- 
 resentatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, 
 but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and 
 until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New 
 Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts 
 eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Con- 
 necticut five, New-York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylvania 
 eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Caro- 
 lina five. South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 
 
 When vacancies happen in the Representation from any 
 State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of 
 Election to fill such Vacancies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker 
 and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Im- 
 peachment. 
 
 Section. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be com- 
 posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the 
 Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall 
 have one Vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence 
 of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may 
 be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first 
 Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, 
 of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and 
 
5 
 
 of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that 
 one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacan- 
 cies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess 
 of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may 
 make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the 
 Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. 
 
 No J^!eiSQa_sha ll_be a S enator wh o shall no t have attained 
 to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine. Years a Citizen of 
 the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an 
 Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 
 
 The Vice President of the United States shall be Presi- 
 dent of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be 
 equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a 
 President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice Presi- 
 dent, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of 
 the United States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeach- 
 ments, When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on 
 Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United 
 
 is tried, 
 
 States^the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall 
 be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the 
 Members present. 
 
 Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend 
 further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to 
 hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under 
 the, United States: but the Party convicted shall neverthe- 
 less be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and 
 Punishment, according to Law. 
 
Section. 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elec- 
 tions for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed 
 in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress 
 may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, 
 except as to the Places of chusing Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, 
 and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, 
 unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. 
 Section. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, 
 Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Ma- 
 jority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but 
 a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be 
 authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in 
 such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may 
 provide. 
 
 Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, 
 punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the 
 Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 
 
 Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and 
 from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as 
 may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and 
 Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, 
 at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on 
 the Journal. 
 
 Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, 
 without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than 
 three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the 
 two Houses shall be sitting. 
 Section. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a 
 
7 
 
 Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, 
 and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They 
 shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the 
 Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance 
 at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going 
 to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or 
 Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in 
 any other Place. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time 
 for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office 
 under the Authority of the United States, which shall have 
 been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been 
 encreased during such time; and no Person holding any 
 Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either 
 House during his Continuance in Office. 
 Section. 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in 
 the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose 
 or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 
 
 Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Repre- 
 sentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be 
 presented to the President of the United States; If he ap- 
 prove he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his 
 Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, 
 who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and 
 proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two 
 thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be 
 sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by 
 which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by 
 two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all 
 
8 
 
 such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined 
 by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting 
 for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of 
 each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned 
 by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after 
 it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a 
 Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Con- 
 gress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which 
 Case it shall not be a Law. 
 
 Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concur- 
 rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may 
 be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall 
 be presented to the President of the United States; and 
 before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by 
 him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two 
 thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, accord- 
 ing to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case 
 of a Bill. 
 
 Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and col- 
 lect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
 and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare 
 of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises 
 shall be uniform throughout the United States; 
 
 To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 
 
 To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among 
 the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 
 
 To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uni- 
 form Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the 
 United States; 
 
9 
 
 To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of for- 
 eign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 
 
 To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the 
 Securities and current Coin of the United States; 
 
 To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 
 
 To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, 
 by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors 
 the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and 
 Discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court ; 
 
 To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on 
 the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 
 
 To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, 
 and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; 
 
 To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of 
 Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two 
 Years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a Navy; 
 
 To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of 
 the land and naval Forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the 
 Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Inva- 
 sions; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the 
 Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be 
 employed in the Service of the United States, reserving 
 to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, 
 and the Authority of training the Militia according to the 
 discipline prescribed by Congress; 
 
lO 
 
 To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatso- 
 ever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) 
 as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance 
 of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the 
 United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places 
 purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in 
 which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, 
 Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; — And 
 
 To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper 
 for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all 
 other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Govern- 
 ment of the United States, or in any Department or Officer 
 thereof. 
 
 Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as 
 any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, 
 shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year 
 one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty 
 may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each Person. 
 
 The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be 
 suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion 
 the public Safety may require it. 
 
 No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be 
 passed. 
 
 No Capitation, or other direct. Tax shall be laid,' unless 
 in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before 
 directed to be taken. 
 
 No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from 
 any State. 
 
II 
 
 No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Com- 
 merce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of 
 another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be 
 obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 
 
 No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in 
 Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regu- 
 lar Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expendi- 
 tures of all public Money shall be published from time to 
 time. 
 
 No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United 
 States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or 
 Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Con- 
 gress, accept of any present. Emolument, Office, or Title, 
 of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign 
 State. 
 
 Section. lo. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, 
 or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; 
 coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold 
 and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any 
 Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the 
 Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. 
 
 the 
 
 No State shall, without the Consent of^Congress, lay any 
 Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may 
 be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: 
 and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any 
 State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the 
 Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be 
 
 the 
 
 subject to the Revision and Controul of ^Congress. 
 
 No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay 
 
12 
 
 any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in 
 time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with 
 another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, 
 unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will 
 not admit of delay. 
 
 Article. II. 
 
 Section, i. The executive Power shall be vested in a Presi- 
 dent of the United States of America. He shall hold his 
 Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with 
 the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, 
 as follows 
 
 Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Leg- 
 islature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal 
 to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to 
 which the State may be entitled in the Congress : but no 
 Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of 
 Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed 
 an Elector. 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and 
 vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall 
 not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
 And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, 
 and of the Number of Votes for each ; which List they shall 
 sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the 
 Government of the United States, directed to the Presi- 
 dent of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in 
 the Presence of the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then 
 
13 
 
 be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of 
 Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Ma- 
 jority of the whole Number of Electors appointed ; and if 
 there be more than one who have such Majority, and 
 have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Rep- 
 resentatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them 
 for President; and if no Persoa have a Majority, then from 
 the five highest on the List the said House shall in like 
 Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, 
 the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from 
 each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose 
 shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of 
 the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be neces- 
 sary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the 
 President, the Person having the greatest Number of 
 Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if 
 there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, 
 the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice 
 President. 
 
 The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the 
 Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; 
 which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. 
 
 No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of 
 the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this 
 Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; 
 neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall 
 not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been 
 fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. 
 
 In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or 
 
of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Pow- 
 ers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve 
 on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law pro- 
 vide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Ina- 
 bility, both of the President and Vice President, declaring 
 what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer 
 shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a 
 President shall be elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his 
 Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased 
 nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have 
 been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period 
 any other Emolument from the United States, or any of 
 them. 
 
 Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall 
 take the following Oath or Affirmation: — "I do solemnly 
 swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the OfSce of 
 President of the United States, and will to the best of my 
 Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the 
 United States." 
 
 Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of 
 the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia 
 of the several States, when called into the actual Service of 
 the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, 
 of the principal Officer in each of the executive Depart- 
 ments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their re- 
 spective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves 
 and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except 
 in Cases of Impeachment. 
 
15 
 
 He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Con- 
 sent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds 
 of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and 
 by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall 
 appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, 
 Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the 
 United States, whose Appointments are not herein other- 
 wise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: 
 but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of 
 such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the Presi- 
 dent alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of 
 Departments. 
 
 The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies 
 that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by grant- 
 ing Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next 
 Session. 
 
 Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress 
 Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to 
 their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge neces- 
 sary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, 
 convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of 
 Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of 
 Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he 
 shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other 
 public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faith- 
 fully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the 
 United States. 
 
 Section. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Offi- 
 cers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on 
 
t6 
 
 Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or 
 otlier iiigh Crimes and Misdemeanors. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Section, i. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be 
 vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as 
 the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. 
 The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall 
 hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at 
 stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, 
 which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in 
 Office. 
 
 Section. 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in 
 Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws 
 of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be 
 made, under their Authority; — to all Cases affecting Am- 
 bassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls ; — to all Cases 
 of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction ; — to Controversies 
 to which the United States shall be a Party; — to Contro- 
 versies between two or more States ; — between a State 
 and Citizens of another State; — between Citizens of dif- 
 erent States, — between Citizens of the same State claiming 
 Lands under Grants of different States, and between a 
 State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens 
 or Subjects. 
 
 In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Minis- 
 ters and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, 
 the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all 
 the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall 
 
17 
 
 have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with 
 such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Con- 
 gress shall make. 
 
 The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeach- 
 ment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the 
 State where the" said Crimes shall have been committed; 
 but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be 
 at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have 
 directed. 
 
 Section. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist 
 only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their 
 Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall 
 be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two 
 Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open 
 Court. 
 
 The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punish- 
 ment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work 
 Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life 
 of the Person attainted. 
 
 Article. IV. 
 
 Section, i. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each 
 State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings 
 of every other State. And the Congress may by general 
 Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records 
 and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. 
 Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to 
 all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several 
 States. 
 
 fl6°— 20 3 
 
i8 
 
 A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, 
 or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found 
 in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Au- 
 thority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, 
 to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the 
 Crime. 
 
 No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, 
 under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in 
 Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be dis- 
 charged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered 
 up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour 
 may be due. 
 
 Section. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress 
 into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or 
 erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor 
 any State be formed by the Junction of two or more 
 States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the 
 Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the 
 Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make 
 all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory 
 or other Property belonging to the United States ; and noth- 
 ing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Preju- 
 dice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular 
 State. 
 
 Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every 
 State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, 
 and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on 
 Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when 
 
19 
 
 the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic 
 Violence. 
 
 Article. V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall 
 deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Con- 
 stitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two 
 thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for pro- 
 posing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to 
 all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when 
 ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several 
 States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the 
 one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by 
 the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may 
 be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred 
 and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth 
 Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that 
 no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of it's 
 equal Suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 Article. VI. 
 
 All Debts contracted and Engagements entered mto, 
 before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid 
 against the United States under this Constitution, as under 
 the Confederation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States 
 which shall be made in Pursuance thereof ; and all Treaties 
 made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the 
 United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and 
 
20 
 
 the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing 
 in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary 
 notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, 
 and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all 
 executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States 
 and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affir- 
 mation, to support this Constitution ; but no religious Test 
 shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or 
 public Trust under the United States. 
 
 Article. VII. 
 
 The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall 
 be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution be- 
 tween the States so ratifying the Same. 
 
 done in Convention by the Unani- 
 
 The Word, "the," being in- 
 terlined between the seventh mous Conscnt of the Statcs present 
 
 and eighth Lines of the first 
 
 Page, The Word "Thirty" the Seventeenth Day of September in 
 
 being partly written on an ^, -,7- , ^ i i i 
 
 Erazurein the fifteenth Line the Year of our Lord One thousand 
 of the first Page, The Words ^^^^^ hundred and Eighty seven and 
 
 "is tried being interlined ° ■' 
 
 between the thirty second and of the ludcpendancc of the United 
 
 thirty third Lines of the first 
 
 Page and the Word "the" States of America the Twelfth In 
 
 being interlined between the 
 
 forty third and forty fourth witucss whcrcof We havc hcreunto 
 
 Lines of the second Page. , ■< i xt 
 
 subscribed our Names, 
 
 Attest William Jackson Secretary QO WASHINGTON Preside 
 
 and deputy from Virginia 
 John Langdon 1 
 
 New Hampshire , ^^ ^ , 
 
 Nicholas GilmanJ 
 
21 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Connecticut 
 New York 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pensylvania 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Virginia 
 
 r Nathaniel Gorham 
 [RuFus King 
 
 fWf Sam^ Johnson 
 [Roger Sherman 
 
 Alexander Hamilton 
 
 Wil: Livingston 
 David Brearley. 
 W^ Paterson. 
 Jona: Dayton 
 
 B Franklin 
 Thomas Mifflin 
 Rob'^ Morris 
 Geo. Clymer 
 Tho? FitzSimons 
 Jared Ingersoll 
 James Wilson 
 .Gouv Morris 
 
 f Geo : Read 
 Gunning Bedford jun 
 John Dickinson 
 Richard Bassett 
 Jaco: Broom 
 
 James M*-Henry 
 Dan of S'^ Tho? Jenifee 
 .Dan^ Carroll 
 
 John Blair — 
 James Madison Jr. 
 
22 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Georgia 
 
 fW^ Blount 
 
 . Rich? Dobbs Spaight. 
 
 .Hu Williamson 
 
 j. rutledge 
 
 Charles Cotesworth Pinckne\ 
 Charles Pinckney 
 , Pierce Butler. 
 
 r William Few 
 [Abr Baldwin 
 
 In Convention Monday September 17'^ 1787. 
 Present 
 The States of 
 New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Mr Hamilton 
 from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
 Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and 
 Georgia. 
 Resolved, 
 
 That the preceeding Constitution be laid before the 
 United States in Congress assembled, and that it is the 
 Opinion of this Convention, that it should afterwards be 
 submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each 
 State by the People thereof, under the Recommendation of 
 its Legislature, for their Assent and Ratification; and that 
 each Convention assenting to, and ratifying the Same, 
 should give Notice thereof to the United States in Con- 
 gress assemliled. 
 Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Convention, that 
 
23 
 
 as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified 
 this Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled 
 should fix a Day on which Electors should be appointed by 
 the States which shall have ratified the same, and a Day on 
 which the Electors should assemble to vote for the Presi- 
 dent, and the Time and Place for commencing Proceedings 
 under this Constitution. That after such Publication the 
 Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives elected : That the Electors should meet on the 
 Day fixed for the Election of the President, and should 
 transmit their Votes certified, signed, sealed and directed, 
 as the Constitution requires, to the Secretary of the United 
 States in Congress assembled, that the Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives should convene at the Time and Place assigned; 
 that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, 
 for the sole Purpose of receiving, opening and counting the 
 Votes for President; and, that after he shall be chosen, 
 the Congress, together with the President, should, without 
 Delay, proceed to execute this Constitution. 
 By the Unanimous Order of the Convention 
 
 G? Washington Presid' 
 W. Jackson Secretary. 
 
Congress of the United States, 
 begun and held at the City of New-York, on 
 Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hun- 
 dred and eighty nine. 
 
 THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at 
 the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a 
 desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its 
 powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses 
 should be added: And as extending the ground of public 
 confidence in the Government, will best ensure the benifi- 
 cent ends of its institution : 
 
 RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States of America, in Congress assem- 
 bled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the follow- 
 ing Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several 
 States, as Amendments to the Constitution of the United 
 States, all or any of which Articles, when ratified by three 
 fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and 
 purposes, as part of the said Constitution ; viz- 
 
 Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, 
 and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursu- 
 ant to the fifth Article of the Original Constitution. 
 
 Article the first After the first enumeration required bv 
 
 the first Article of the Constitution, there shall be one 
 Representative for every thirty thousand, until the num- 
 
 24 
 
25 
 
 ber shall amount to one hundred, after which, the pro- 
 portion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there 
 shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, 
 nor less than one Representative for every forty thou- 
 sand persons, until the number of Representatives 
 shall amount to two hundred, after which the propor- 
 tion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall 
 not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor 
 more than one Representative for every fifty thousand 
 persons. 
 
 Article the second... No law, varying the compensation for 
 the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall 
 take effect, until an election of Representatives shall 
 have intervened. 
 
 Article the third Congress shall make no law respecting 
 
 an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
 exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
 or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to 
 assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress 
 of grievances. 
 
 Article the fourth A well regulated Militia, being neces- 
 sary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
 people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 
 
 Article the fifth No Soldier shall, in time of peace be 
 
 quartered in any house, without the consent of the 
 Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Article the sixth The right of the people to be secure in 
 
 their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unrea- 
 
26 
 
 sonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and 
 no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup- 
 ported by Oath or aflfirmation, and particularly describ- 
 ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things 
 to be seized. 
 
 Article the seventh.. No person shall be held to answer for 
 a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a pre- 
 sentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases 
 arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, 
 when in actual service in time of War or public danger; 
 nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to 
 be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be 
 compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against 
 himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law ; nor shall private property 
 be taken for public use, without just compensation. 
 
 Article the eighth... In all criminal prosecutions, the accused 
 shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an 
 impartial jury of the State and district wherein the 
 crime shall have been committed, which district shall 
 have been previously ascertained by law, and to be in- 
 formed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to 
 be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have 
 compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his 
 favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his 
 defence. 
 
 Article the ninth.. In Suits at common law, where the value 
 in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of 
 trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a 
 
27 
 
 jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of 
 the United States, than according to the rules of the 
 common law. 
 
 Article the tenth Excessive bail shall not be required. 
 
 nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual 
 punishments inflicted. 
 
 Article the eleventh. ...The enumeration in the Constitution, 
 of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or dis- 
 parage others retained by the people. 
 
 Article the twelfth... The powers not delegated to the United 
 States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the 
 States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to 
 the people. 
 
 Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg Speaker 
 
 of the House of Representatives. 
 John Adams, Vice-President of the United States, 
 
 and President of the Senate. 
 
 Attest, 
 
 John Beckley, Clerk of the House of Representatives. 
 Sam. a. Otis Secretary of the Senate.* 
 
 *The first two amendments here appearing were not adopted. The ten follow- 
 ing were ratified, and the ratifications were communicated by the President to Con- 
 gress, from time to time, as the several States notified him of their action. They 
 now stand as the first ten amendments to the Constitution. 
 
Third 
 
 Congress of the United States : 
 
 At the First session, 
 
 Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, in the State 
 
 of Pennsylvania, on Monday the Second of December one 
 
 thousand seven hundred and ninety-three. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 
 the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two 
 
 thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Article 
 
 be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an 
 
 amendment to the Constitution of the United States; which 
 
 when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures shall 
 
 be valid as part of the said Constitution, viz: 
 
 The Judicial power of the United States shall not be 
 
 construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced 
 
 or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens 
 
 of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign 
 
 State. 
 
 Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg Speaker 
 
 of the House of Representatives. 
 
 ["Vice President of the United States 
 John Adams, i ^ 
 
 [and President of the Senate. 
 
 'John Beckley,... Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 
 Attest . . -I sentatives. 
 
 ^ Sam. a. Otis Secretary of the Senate.* 
 
 *The eleventh amendment was declared by the President, in a message to Con- 
 gress dated January 8, 1798, to have been ratified by three-fourths of the States. 
 
 28 
 
EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES; 
 
 AT THE FIRST SESSION, 
 
 Begun and held at the city of Washington, in the territory 
 of Columbia, on Monday, the seventeenth of October, 
 one thousand eight hundred and three. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate a:nd House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America, in Congress assembled, Two 
 thirds of both houses concurring, that in lieu of the third 
 paragraph of the first section of the second article of the 
 constitution of the United States, the following be proposed 
 as an amendment to the constitution of the United States, 
 which when ratified by three-fourths of the legislatures of the 
 several states, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as 
 part of the said constitution, to wit: 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and 
 vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of 
 whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state 
 with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the per- 
 son voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person 
 voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists 
 of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons 
 voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for 
 each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit 
 sealed to the seat of the government of the United States 
 
30 
 
 directed to the President of the Senate ; — The President of 
 the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
 of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes 
 shall then be counted ; — The person having the greatest num 
 her of votes for President, shall be the President, if such 
 number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
 appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from 
 the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three 
 on the list of those voted for as President, the House of 
 Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the 
 President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
 taken by states, the representation from each state having 
 one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a 
 member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a 
 majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And 
 if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
 dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, 
 before the fourth day of March next following, then the 
 Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of 
 the death or other constitutional disability of the President. — 
 The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
 President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a 
 majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if 
 no person have a majority, then from the two highest 
 numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice- 
 President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two- 
 thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of 
 the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no 
 person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
 
31 
 
 shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United 
 States. 
 
 Nath^ Macon Speaker of the House 
 
 of Representatives. 
 A. Burr Vice-President of the United 
 
 States, and President of the Senate. 
 Attest— 
 
 John Beckley. — Clerk of the House of Representatives. 
 Sam. a. Otis Secretary of the Senate.* 
 
 *The twelfth amendment, proposed in lieu of the original third paragraph of 
 section I of Article II, was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, 
 dated September 25, 1804, to have been ratified by three-fourths of the States. 
 
Thirty-Eighth Congress of the United States of America; 
 At the — Second — Session, 
 
 Begun and held at the City of Washington, on Monday, the 
 fifth — day of December, one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-four. 
 
 A RESOLUTION 
 
 Submitting to the legislatures of the several States a propo- 
 sition to amend the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 (two-thirds of both houses concurring), That the following 
 article be proposed to the legislatures of the several States 
 as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, 
 which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, 
 shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of 
 the said Constitution, namely: Article XIII. Section i. 
 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
 punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been 
 duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any 
 place subject to their jurisdiction. Section. 2. Congress 
 
 32 
 
33 
 
 shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate 
 
 legislation, 
 
 Schuyler. Colfax 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
 H. Hamlin 
 
 Vice President of the United States. 
 
 and President of the Senate. 
 
 Approved, February i. 1865. Abraham Lincoln 
 
 [INDORSEMENT.] 
 
 I certify that this Resolution did originate in the Senate 
 
 J. W. Forney 
 
 Secretary* 
 
 *The thirteenth amendment was declared ih a proclamation of the Secretary of 
 State, dated December i8, 1865, to have been ratified by twenty seven of the thirty- 
 six States. 
 
Thirty-ninth Congress of the United States, at the first 
 Session, begun and held at the City of Washington, in the 
 District of Columbia, on Monday the fourth day of Decem- 
 ber, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five. 
 
 Joint Resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States. 
 
 Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 (two-thirds of both Houses concurring,) That the following 
 article be proposed to the legislatures of the several States 
 as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, 
 which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures, 
 shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely: 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 Section i. All persons born or naturalized in the United 
 States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of 
 the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No 
 State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the 
 privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor 
 shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or prop- 
 erty, without due process of law ; nor deny to any person 
 within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 
 
35 
 
 Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the 
 several States according to their respective numbers, count- 
 ing the whole number of persons in each State, excluding 
 Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any elec- 
 tion for the choice of electors for President and Vice Presi- 
 dent of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the 
 Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of 
 the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabit- 
 ants of such State, being twenty -one years of age, and citizens 
 of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for par- 
 ticipation in rebellion, or other crime, the' basis of representa- 
 tion therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the 
 number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number 
 of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 
 Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative 
 in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or 
 hold any ofl&ce, civil or military, under the United States, 
 or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as 
 a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, 
 or as a member of any State legislature, or as an execu- 
 tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection 
 or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to 
 the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two- 
 thirds of each House, remove such disability. 
 Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United 
 States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for pay- 
 ment "of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing 
 insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But 
 
36 
 
 neither the United States nor any State shall assume or 
 ■pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection 
 or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the 
 loss or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obli- 
 gations and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by 
 appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. 
 
 Schuyler Colfax 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 La Fayette S. Foster, 
 President of the Senate pro tempore. 
 Attest. 
 
 Edw° M*=^Pherson. 
 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives. 
 J. W. Forney 
 
 Secretary of the Senate.* 
 
 *The fourteenth amendment being declared by a concurrent resolution of Con- 
 gress, adopted July 21, 1868, to have been ratified by "three-fourths and more of 
 the several States of the Union," the Secretary of State was required duly to pro- 
 mulgate the text. He accordingly issued a proclamation, dated July 2S, 1868, 
 declaring the proposed amendment to have been ratified by thirty of the thirty-six 
 States. 
 
Fortieth Congress of the United States of America; 
 
 At the third Session, 
 
 Begun and held at the city of Washington, on Monday, the 
 seventh day of December, one thousand eight hundred 
 and sixty -eight. 
 
 A RESOLUTION 
 
 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 (two-thirds of both Houses concurring) That the following 
 article be proposed to the legislatures of the several States 
 as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, 
 which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures 
 shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 Section i. The right of citizens of the United States to 
 vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or 
 by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition 
 of servitude — 
 
 37 
 
38 
 
 Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce 
 this article by appropriate legislation — 
 
 Schuyler Colfax 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 B. F. Wade 
 President of the Senate pro tempore. 
 Attest : 
 
 Edw° M'^Pherson 
 
 Clerk of House of Representatives. 
 Geo. C. Gorham 
 
 Secy of Senate U. S.* 
 
 *The fifteenth amendment was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of 
 State, dated March 30, 1870, to have been ratified by twenty-nine of the thirty-seven 
 States. 
 
S. J. Res. 40. 
 
 Sixty-first Congress of the United States of America ; 
 
 At the First Session, 
 
 Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the 
 fifteenth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and 
 nine. 
 
 JOINT RESOLUTION 
 
 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress assembled {two- 
 thirds of each House concurring therein)^ That the follow- 
 ing article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution 
 of the United States, which, when ratified by the legislatures 
 of three-fourths of the several States, shall be valid to all 
 intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution : 
 
 "Article XVI. The Congress shall have power to lay 
 and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, 
 without apportionment among the several States, and with- 
 out regard to any census or enumeration." 
 
 J G Cannon 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 J S Sherman 
 Vice-President of the United States and 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 39 
 
40 
 Attest : 
 
 A M'^DOWELL 
 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives, 
 Charles G. Bennett 
 
 Secretary 
 By Henry H. Gilfry 
 
 Chief Clerk 
 
 [INDORSEMENT.] 
 
 I certify that this Joint Resolution originated in the Senate. 
 
 Charles G. Bennett 
 
 Secretary. 
 By Henry H. Gilfry 
 
 Chief Clerk* 
 
 *The sixteenth amendment was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of 
 State, dated February 25, 1913, to have been ratified by thirty-eight of the forty- 
 eight States. 
 
H. J. Res. 39. 
 
 Sixty-second Congress of the United States of America; 
 
 At the Second Session, 
 
 Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the 
 fourth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and 
 eleven. 
 
 JOINT RESOLUTION 
 
 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution providing that 
 Senators shall be elected by the people of the several 
 States. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress assembled {two- 
 thirds of each House concurring therein). That in lieu of the 
 first paragraph of section three of Article I of the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States, and in lieu of so much of para- 
 graph two of the same section as relates to the filling of 
 vacancies, the following be proposed as an amendment to the 
 Constitution, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes 
 as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures 
 of three-fourths of the States : 
 
 "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 
 two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, 
 for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The 
 electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite 
 
42 
 
 for electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
 legislatures. 
 
 "When vacancies happen in the representation of any 
 State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State 
 shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies : Provided, 
 That the legislature of any State may empower the executive 
 thereof to make temporary appointments until the people 
 fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. 
 
 "This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect 
 the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes 
 valid as part of the Constitution." 
 
 Champ Clark, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 J S Sherman 
 Vice President of the United States and 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 
 [INDORSEMENT.] 
 
 I certify that this Joint Resolution originated in the House 
 
 of Representatives. 
 
 South Trimble 
 
 Clerk.'^ 
 
 *The [seventeenth] amendment was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary 
 of State, dated May 31, 1913, to have been ratified by thirty-six of the forty-eight 
 States. 
 
S. J. Res. 17. 
 
 Sixty-fifth Congress of tlie United States of America; 
 
 At the Second Session, 
 
 Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the 
 third day of December, one thousand nine hundred and 
 seventeen. 
 
 JOINT RESOLUTION 
 
 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress asseinbled {two- 
 thirds of eaeh House concurring therein)^ That the following 
 amendment to the Constitution be, and hereby is, proposed 
 to the States, to become valid as a part of the Constitution 
 when ratified by the legislatures of the several States as pro- 
 vided by the Constitution : 
 
 "Article — - 
 
 "Section i. After one year from the ratification of this 
 article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating 
 liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation 
 
44 
 
 thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the 
 jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. 
 " Sec. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have 
 concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legis- 
 lation. 
 
 " Sec. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall 
 have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by 
 the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the 
 Constitution, within seven years from the date of the sub- 
 mission hereof to the States by the Congress." 
 
 Champ Clark, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives^ 
 
 Thos. R. Marshall 
 Vice President of the United States and 
 President of the Senate. 
 I certify that this Joint Resolution originated in the Senate. 
 
 James M. Baker 
 
 Secretary^ 
 
 * The [eighteenth] amendment was declared in a proclamation of the Acting Sec- 
 retary of State, dated January 29, 1919, to have been ratified by thirty-six of the 
 forty-eight States. 
 

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