Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074488218 3 1 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 074 488 2 8 NEW CATALOGUE O F Living English Authors. "«k. VOL. I, NEW CATALOGUE O F Living English Authors ; WITH Complete lidtd of tfieit Ipublicationd, AND BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL MEMO I R S. SCRIBIMUS INDOCTI DOCTIQUE. — Hor. VOL. I. LONDON: PXIMTED FOR C. CLARKE, NO. 6, NORTHUMBERLAND COURT, STRAND, AND SOLD BY THE BOOKSELLERS. 1799. #^% PREFACE. JL HE present work Vvds undertaken by its author under the influence of an idea, which has for a long time been a favourite one with him, that such an account might be given of the living authon who have written la our language, as may be found at once useful and entertaining to English readers. But, as there is no better proof of the difficulty of the undertaking than the want of success which has attended every former attempt of the kind in our language, it may fairly be urged in the present instance, that he is a bokl enterpriser who shall venture on the a 4 task. viii PREFACE. task.. The discerning need not be told that innumerable obstacles present themselves, even to consummate diligence, in the course of so ej{tensive a subjefl : that to industry and "^ very general reading, must be united a versatility of talent which is seldom their companion : and lastly, that, where it is ne- cessary to give satisfaftion to so many, suc- cess miist at best be highly precarious. Arnorig the produflions of foreign lite- rature, Germany has hitherto been the most successful in illustrating the history of her Jiving literati, The indefatigable applica- tion of Hamberger and his successor Meusel, has furnished a catalogue of the living au- tKors' of that country, in which their names and their works are exhibited with surpris- ing accuracy'. La France; Litteraire is a meager and dcfeflive performance j and it has not been' continued since the year 1784, The PREFACE. fx The list of Spanish authors, during the reigii of Carlos III. by Juan Sempere y Guarinos, extends only to writers of eminence : while Italy and all the northern world have made \ no attempts whatever of a smiilar kind. In regard to our own country, the pre- sent is the fifth work of the kind in the au- thor's recollc'5li6n. The first was an o6lavo shilling pamphlet, which appeared in the year 1762, under the title, an historical AND CRITICAL ACCOUNT OF THE LIVES AND WRITINGS OF THE LIVING WRITERS OF GrEAT-BrITAI?! AND IRELAND ; WHEREIN THEIR RESPECTIVE MERITS t ' 1 MIF, DISCUSSED WITH THE UTMOST CAN- DOUR : a poor, imperfefl", and erroneous ac- count of the few persons mentioned by the compiler, whose number scarcely amounts to an hundredth part of the authors then in existence. This was followed by the cata- logue % PREFACE. LOGUB OF FIVE HUNDRED CELEBRATEI) AUTHORS OF GrE AT.-BrITAIN, NOW LI- VING, published in a thin o6tavo volume in the year 1788 i of the defeflive execution of which, enough has already been said. In the year 1791, an o(5tavo volume was pub- lished at Berlin and Stettin, under the title, ALPHABETICAL REGISTER OF ALL THE AUTHORS ACTUALLY LIVING IN GrEAT Britain, Ireland, and in the United Provinces of North-America, with A catalogue of their publications: FROM the year I77O, TO THE YE AR 1790 : BY Jerem. Dav. Reuss, professor of philosophy and under-librarian at THE public library OF THE UNIVER- SITY OF Got TIN GEN. This volume is a bare list of the authors' names and their pub- lications : it discovers considerable diligence in the compiler, but likewise abounds in such defeds as were to be expefted from a person who PREFACE. jci who was not resident in our own country when he undertook the execution of such a task. The fourth of the publications al- luded to, is the work entitled, literary MEMOIRS OF LIVING AUTHORS OF GreAT Britain, (two volumes, o£lav,o, 1798), the author of which was evidently. better quali- fied for his undertaking than any of his pre- decessors. He approaches, indeed, so much nearer than any of them to the due execu- tion of ;the task, that his may be called the first legitimate attempt of the kind • and the errors which must arise in such a first at- tempt are excusable in him. The specimen which is here presented to the public of a neiv attempt, is offered at its tribunal with a mixture of apprehension and confidence— apprehension, arising from a doubt whether any work of the kind will be thought sufficiently interesting to merit 1 encourage- ' encouragernaht, and confidence, which owes its origin to' a satisfaClion' that' mufch" has been "done in the present'case' toward the due execution of the task. Upon' the' recfcption Vvhich this specimen shall experience will the completion of the workdeperid.' Should it be favourable, the author pledges himself to continue it with equal assiduity'and to bring to his task a like degree of information ; but, if otherwise, he is not of a disposition" to labour for the pub- lic good, without the reward of public ap- probation. In regard to the extent of the work, it is somewhat difficult to speak with preci- sion. The author is of opinion, however, that it miay be comprised in six vblumes, similar in sizeto that which is here Offered. Discerning P/R'E.F A,C Ei; xJlL • Discerning , readers will>not need- tcbeij, told, that a work like the present must, al-. most of necessity, be anonymous. Yet i^., the author of this attempt, has, been at all- able to piit his intentions intOi execution, he will liave as little to fear as most writers iti, similar circumstances, on the score of pro- pagating illiberal or ill-designing sentiments.; He feels, inclined upon this occasion to re- peat the words of a celebrated writer,* in a situation not greatly.dissimilar to. his own.. No authority under divine is too great to be , called in question ; and howe^Jier venerable jno- narchy may be in a state, no man ever ivished to see the government of letters under any form hut that of a republic. As a citizen of that ^ commonwealth, I prcpqse my sentiments for the revision of any decree, of miy honorary sentence {IS I think ft : my fellow- citizens^ equally free^ ' * The late Lord Orford. %oill jnv ■ 1? R E F A C E, 'will vote according to their opinions- — T'hus much with regard to great names — As to any other' notions which may clash with those com- • monly received or better established, let it he un- derstood, thai -I propose my own with the same deference- and diffidence, and by 710 means ex- peSling they should be adopted, unless they are found agreeable to good sense, still less intending to- wrangle' for -ihem^ if they are contested. 1'his' work' was calculated to' amuse :^ if it eff'ends at^yman, or is taken too seriously:, the author will be concerned i^ but it will never make him so serious as ■ to defend it. The plan adopted by the author, as most consonant to the professe4 objeft of such a publication, has been to content himself with biographical miniatures, while he al- lowed his pencil greater scope in the li-. terary department of his subject : and before any reader censures the contradled scale of the PREFACE. XV the biographical sketches which he will meet with in this volume, let him recol- lect how few incidents, excepting literary anecdotes, the lives of men of letters af- ford, and with how light a hand such mo- dels should be taken from living subjefls. Finally — the author hopes, that his work ' will give offence to no man in the light of a party-publication. The times in which we live are, unhappily, such, that every mind is necessarily more or less agitated by politi- cal opinion : yet it is the duty of all, to avoid being influenced by an useless zeal to the detriment of the peace of society. If, however, he shall be thought in this respe6l to have exceeded in any case the bounds of moderation, it will be a satisfaftion to him to think that he has adopted that cause which, in impartial opinion, all good men ijiust approve ; {jnd which we may boldly '■'^.,.. say :^vi PREFACE. say that heaven itself, has peculiarly favour-^ c^. Yes! his mind exults and glows within him, when he contemplates the go- vernment under which he lives, and the poli- tical phenomenon which his country at this time exhibits — - Happy are the people that are in such a (dse : yea blessed are the people that have ■ the^ hard for their God, A ll5eUi Jleto Catalogue O F LIVING ENGLISH AUTHORS. ABBOT, CHARLES, M. P. L.L.D. F.R.A.S. B. ►ARRiSTER-AT-tAW, and clerlc of the rules in the court of king's bench. This gentleman and the late Mr. John Farr Abbot, his elder bro- ther, were sons of a schoolmaster in Devonshire. Their father dying young, their mother married Mr. Bentham, father of the present general, and Mr. Jeremy B. who gave his sons-in-law a good education, and br,ed them to his own profession, the law. Mr. John Farr Abbot married a lady of lajrge fortune, by which circumftance he was Vol. 1. A enabled 2 LIVING enabled fo- purchase the hierative office of clerk of the rules in the court of king's bench ; but being, at the time of the purchase, in an ill state of health, be flipulated that, in case of his decease, (which happened soon afterwaid) his brother, ]Vj-, , Charles, should succeed him on certain terms. The subjedt of this article never made any figure at the bar, but is well known to be a man-of-bu- siness. By the interest of his grace the Duke of Leeds, he was elefted to represent the town of Helston^ in Cornwall, on the vacancy made by Sir Gilbert Elliot in 1795, when that bar9net ac- cepted the viceroyship of Corsica. He was re- turned for the same town at the laft general elec- tion J and was nominated chairman of the late committee of a<;counts ; on which occasion he took uncommon pkins in idrawing up the report, by which he will, no doubt, recommend himself to the notice of the minister. Mr. Abbot has pubHflied, Jurisdiftion and praftice of the court of great sessions of Wales, on the Chester circuit'; with preface and index j one volume, royal o£lavo> 1795- Rules and orders on the plea side of the court of king's bench ; beginning in Eafter term 1731, and ending in Trinity term 1 795 ; with preface and index ; a pamphlet, royal oftavo, 1 795. The first of these works is a compilation, formed ENGLISH AUTHORS. 3 formed by comparing several manuscript collec- tions made by prothonotaries, of rules and orders pronounced by the judges, from time to time up- on the Chester circuit ; and by arranging these materials according to the regular course of pro* cedure, and incorporating with them under their proper heads, every article of the printed Chester rules. The fecond, is a coUeftion of all the ge- neral rules and orders pronounced by the court of king's bench, from the time when the statute (4 George II. chap. 26th, 1731), ena£ling, 'That all proceedings in courts of justice in England, should ie in the English language, passed, to the present time ; as fully as they could be gathered, from the records in the rule office, and from the fe- veral manuscripts and jl(rinted books, which had come to the Author's h^nds. They are compos- ed with care, and discover that acquaintance with the subject which the author's situation bespeaks. ABERCROMBIE, JOHN. Formerly of Tottenham court. A voluminous writer on the subjeft of gardening. His first pub- iication appeared under the name of thomas MA WE,, who was gardener to the late Duke of Leeds. Upon the favourable reception which it experienced, he associated his own name with A 2 the Il LIVING the above in his next produftion, and prefixe4 it alone to those which followed. The lift of his works is, Every man his own gardener ; one volume duodecimo, 1767. i ; . i , ; ' ' The univerfal gardener, and; botaiiift ; one vo- lume ■quarto,' 1778, ■ . The garden mufliroom; its nature and culti- vation ; an oifVavo pamphlet, 1779. ' ' The Britifli fruit gardener and art of pruning j one volume oftavo, 1779. ' The complete forcing gardener ; one volume duodecimo, 1781. The complete wjall-tiee pruner j one volume duodecimOj 1783:/. The ' pr^pagatipn and botanical arrangements of plants and^'trees; two volumes duodecimo, 1783. . •;' iir. • :. , ■ The gardener's pocket di£lionary ; three vo- lumes duodecimo, 1786. ■'•■ The gardener's daily assistant ; one volume duodeciiiioj 1787. '. The universal gardener's kalendar and system cf practical gardening j one volume duodecimo* 1789, The complete kitchen gardener, and hot bed forcer; one volume duodecimo, 1789. The garden vade-mecum, or compendium of general gardening ; one volume duodecimo, 1789. The ENGLISH AUTHORS. j The hot houfe gardener j one volume oftavo, 1789. The gardener's pocket journal and annual register ; one volume duodecimo, 1790. Having ; pubiifhed ; three gardener's calendars, two hot-housfe ga'-deners, and three of his publi- cations within four, months, j Mr, Abercrombie may be said to have cultivated the fields of lite- rature with no less assidujty than those of the earth; and though;he be entitled to considerable credit as , a , p^ad^ical; gardener, he has likewjise given jiriiple; proofs of his talents for book- making. ^ , ; , ,:,,,. 1 ABERDOUR, ALEXANDER, ESQ. Surgeon, in Alba. ; This gentleman has writ- ten, ;': I !■,■':'; w ;.; . v.'; .J , '' Observations\bn the. small-pox and inocula- tion; an qftavoparnphlet, 1792. To these observations, vyhich are not very peculiarly interesting, is prefixed a criticism on Dr. Robert Walker's inquiry into the small-pox, .jcontaining some pertijient observations. A 3 ABER. LIVING ABERNETHY, JOHN, ESQ, F.R.S. Assistant surgeon to St. Bartholon\ew*s-hos- pital and le£lurer in anatomy and surgery. A young surgeon of an accurate and philosophical spirit of investigation, from whose genius and la- bours, we may hope th^t the medical art and na- tural science will hereafter receive great acces- sions. Mr. Abernethy was a few years ago pro- fessor of anatomy to the corporation of surgeons. He has published, Surgical and physiological essays, parts I. II. III.; each a thin o6lavo volume, 1793, 1793, 1797. Account of two cases of uncommon forma- tion in the viscera of the human body ; first published in the philoiofhkal transactions for 1793, and rejirinted in vol, VII. of medical faSfs and observations, 1797. In the first of these works, Mr. Abernethy has given the public very ingenious essays on the following subjects, viz. the lumbar abscess j thie composition and analysis of animal matter ; the nature of the matter perspired and absorbed from the skin ; the ill consequences sometimes succeeding to venseseftion ; the injuries of the head 3 and on the use of mercurial fumigations. Of ENGLISH AUTHORS. ^ Of the tivo cases referred to in the second publication, the first is, that of a child about two months old, the situation of whose heart and ves- sels was completely reversed ; and the second, that of a peculiarly uncommon formation of the alimentary canal, ABINGDON, EARL OF.— See Bertie. ADAIR, ROBERT, ESQ. . Son of the late surgeon- general to the army of the same name, ( by a sister of the late Lord Keppel ) ; a man who has not been less celebra- ted for his chirurgical skill, than for the uncom- mon suavity of his manners and the reflitude of his heart. The subjeft of the present article en- tered life with every advantage, except that of fortune, which he could have wished. The mar- riage of his father, had allied him to the noble fa- milies of Russel and Keppel ; but unfortunately for himself, it was that alliance which gave a tinc- ture to his politics. He does not stand indeed a solitary example, in the whig club, of men of genius submitting to be led, where they ought to lead. Instead of dedicating his talents to the as- siduous pursuit of a lucrative profession, he has A 4 devoted 8 LIVING devoted them to the interested purposes of a fiic, tion ; and some letters which he wrote on the commercial treaty with France, raised the esti- mation of his powers so high, that opfesition has spared no arts to retain him in her cause. The promise of a seat in parliament, the most allur- ing bribe to a young and ambitious man, has been made, broken, and renewed ; and, though he has been frequently disappointed, he still continues to drudge on, in the hope of finally re- ceiving the reward of his labours. Those labours have not been confined to his pen ; and when a niigociation was pending, between our couil and that of Petersburgh, he undertook to inforn^ the late empress, how numerous and steady were the friends that she might rely on in the British parliament. He was presented on this occasion, by her imperial majesty, with a superb watch, as a proof of her gratitude for the trouble he had undertaken ; and has been frequently mentioned in our house of commons, with re- ference to this his ambassadorial charafter. \vhen Mr, Buike, in one of his political rhapsodies, spoke disrespeftfully of the late lord Keppel, Mr. Adair, in an excellent letter, ad- dressed to Mr. Fox, took an opportunity of vin- dicating his uncle's charafter. The part of the letter to this eiFe61: was published, under the title, Pari ENGLISH AUTHORS. p I'art of a letter from Robert Adair, Esq. ta the Right Hon. C. J. Fox, occasioned by Mr. Burke's mention of Lord Keppel in a recent pub- lication ; oftavo, 1796. Mr. Adair is said also to be the author of some fugitive pieces ; particularly an excellent imitation of Juvenal, published in the morning chronicle, replete with satire on some well- known charafters. ADAIR, JAMES MAKITTRICK, M. D. Fellow of the royal college of physicians, Edin- burgh. This gentleman, a worthy, but irri- table and irritated charafter, who has formerly practised and written with great applause, was many yearfe ago settled at Bath. He was after- ward physician to the commander-in-chief, and the colonial troops, of the island of Antigua (and subsequently of the leeward islands) ; and was also appointed one of the judges of the courts of king's bench and common pleas in Antiguai He has published. Observations on regimen, and preparation under inoculation ; and on the treatmetit of the natural small-pox in the West-Indies. ( Dun- can's med. comment, vol. 8. p. 211). A few hints on particular articles of the ma- teria medica, (ditto vol. 9, p. 206 ). Medi- lo LIVING Medical cautions for the consideration of in- valids, those especially who resort to Bath ; one volume 'oftaTO, 1786; and a second edition (a larger volume) in 1787. A philosophical and medical sketch of the natural histpry of the human body and mind ; one volume oftavo, 1787. A case of inflammatory constipation of the bowels successfully treated, (mem. of med. soc, of Lond. vol. 2). Unanswerable objedions against the aboli- tion of the slave-trade • one volume oftavo, 1 789. Essays on fashionable diseases j one volume o£tavo, J 789. Ari essay on a non-descript, or newly invent' jed disease ; a pamphlet, o£iavo, 1790. A candid enquiry into the truth of certain charges of the dangerous consequences of the Suttonian or cooling regimen, under inoculation for the small-pox ; a pamphlet, octavo, 1790. Anecdotes of the life, adventures, and vin- dication of a medical charafter, metaphorically defunft, by Benjamin Goosequill and Peter Pa- ragraph ; one volume, oftavo. 1790. Two fermons, the firft addressed to seamen, the second to the British West-India slaves ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1791. Dr. Adair has been a£live in endeavouring to discourage by his writings every species of pre- vailing ENGLISH AUTHORS. u vailing empiricism ; and he has not unfretjuently brought to his task much originality, ingenuity and humour. Of the above works the greater part were publifhed with the benevolent inten- tion of benefiting the Bath-hospital or the tin- miners in Oornwall. The volume on the slave- trade is however a very desultory and abusive publication ; arid the doctor's anecdotes of his own life, will leave pity the predominant feeling in every reader's breast. Some of his treatises have been translated into the German language. ADAM, ALEXANDER, L.LrD. Reftor of the high school of Edinburgh and a very industtious compiler, of useful school-books* He has published. The principles of Latin and English gram- mar ; one volume o6lavo, 1772. Roman antiquities, or &n account of the manners and customs of the Romans ; one vo- lume oftavo, 1 791. A sutnmary of geography and history, both pncient and modern ; one volume o£tavo, 1794.* For the twt>. last of these produftions, the * This w*rk, on a 'leti-extcdsive plan, originally appeared tome jeix* before this date. classical 12 LIVING classical student is peculiiarly indebted to Dr. Adam. . They have already spen several, and will in all probability, see rnany more editions. The roman antiquities, as a book of reference, is highly . excellent ; though perhaps it might have -been nipre, beneficial, had.it been written in a manner mpre alluring for regular perusal. The plan of the Jummary ( chiefly from this cir- cumstance ) we think, superior to that, of, Mr. luempnere's ,bii>lietheca classic^ ; 'though it cannot vpon the whole be; said ; to, be, so elegantly vvritten. :,.:ADAM, JAMES, ESQ, t This gentleman has written Praftical essays on agriculture, containing an account of soils and the manner of correcting them ; two volumes, oftavo, 1789. This work does its author no credit and can- pot he ranked in the class of judicious or useful publications, ADAM, WILLIAM, ESQ. Cf Lincoln's inn. A king's counsel and for- n"eily a member cf parliament. A speech, deli- ve d I y this gentleman in the house of com- nons, on the loihof March, 1794, on moving ■ . ^ for ENGLISH AUTHORS. 13 for the produftion of certain records, and for an address to the king, to interpose the royal justice and clemency in behalf of Thomas Muir, Esq. and the Rev, Thomas Fyshe Palmer, was aftcr- ■ward published, and has been pronounced by the abettors of that party, to do equal honour to the speaker as a lawyer and a man. " ADAMS, HON.cJOHN, L. L. D. President of the United States of America, and commander in chief of all their military and naval forces. This distinguished charafter is de- scended from one ot the fi. st families which founded the colony of the Massachuset's Bay, in 1630. He early applied himself to the study of the laws of his country, and no sooner entered upon the pra£tice, than his eminent abilities and probity of chara£ler, drew upon him the atten- tion and esteem of his countrymen. A disserta- 4ijM|X)h! thjd /canon.and feudal. laws,, which be soon pro^a&(;«|d,i gained? him great applause, arid was' thought, .^oldisgover* its't-aptjior* to bej capable at an early period j.oC sejionding eilicaciously the for- mation of republics on the, principleSI,.of( juftice and virtue. The designs of governor Barnard which had succeeded with so many, were inef- fectual with Dr. Adams, who openly declared, he would 14 LIVING would not accept a favour, however flatteringly offered, which might in any manner connect him with the enemy of the rights of his country, or, as it happened with too many others, tend to em- barrass him in the ' discharge of .his duty tb the public. In consequence of this, the governor refused his admission into the council of the pro- vince J but Dr. Adams had the fatisfa£tion of gaining the applause of his countrymen in gene- ral, who sent him to assist at the congress in 1774, in which his aftivity was very conspicuous, and he was one of the principal promoters of the fa- mous resolution of the 4th of July, when the co- lonies declared themselves free and indepen- dent STATES. Having been fifteen months one of the com- missioners of the war department, and a principal suggestor of the^ terms to be offered to France for forming treaties of alliance and commerce, he was sent to the court of Versailles, as one of the mi- nisters plenipotentiary of the United States. Af- ter continuing some time invested with this im- portant trust, he returned to America ; where he no sooner appeared, than he was called upon by the state of Massachuset's Bay, to assist in form- ing a system of government, which might esta- blish the rights of all, on clear, just, and perma- nent grounds; and for the constitution of that state as it stands at this day, his countrymen are chiefly ENGLISH AUTHORS. 15 ^Kiefly indebted to him. This important busi- ness being completed. Dr. Adams returned to Europe, with full powers from congress, to assist at any conferences which miglit be opened for the establishment of peace ; and he soon after- ward received other powers to negociate a loan of money for the use of the United States and to represent them, as their minister-plenipotentiary, to their high mightinesses the States General of the United Provinces. ' On his arrival in Holland, nothing could have been more unpromising to the happy execution of his mission, than were the affairs of that coun- try. The influence of the court of St. James' over a certain set of men, the' interest that many had in the funds and commerce of England, and the dread of her power which generally prevailed throughout the provinces, obliged him to a£l with the utmost circumspeftion. Unknown, and at first Unnoticed (except by a few), his business was to examine into the state of things,- and into the cha- racters of the leading men. This necessary know- ledge was scarcely acquired, when the conduflt of the British ministry afforded him an opportu- nity of shewing himself more openly. The con- tempt with which the whole Belgic nation waa. treated, gave hint gfeat advantages over the Eng- lish ambassador at the Hague. He availed him- self of his rival's rashness with coolness and abi- lity i i6 LIVING lity ; and, by consequence, became so particu- larly obnoxious to the prevailing party, th^t it Was even dangerous for him to go to a village scarcely a day's journey from his residence, unless with the utmost secresy — the fate of Dorislar was before his eyes. Having been under the nepesr sity therefore of residing at Amsterdam, for pro- teftion against the malice of the times, he ob- tained the good opinion of the magistrates by his prudent conduft as a private citizen. The bad policy of England, enabled him to step forv.ard as a public charafter. As siich, he presented to the States General his famous memorial, dated the 19th of April, 1781, wherein the declaration of the independency of America on the 4th of July, 1776, wcis justified; the unalterable reso- lution of the United States to abide thereby, as- serted ; the interest that all the powers of Eu- rope, and particularly the States General, had in maintaining it, proved; the political and na*- tural grounds of a commercial connexion be- tween the two republics, pointed out; and infor- mation given, that the memorialist was invested with full powers from Congress, to treat with their High Mightinesses for the good of both countries. Ihe presentation of this memorial was a de- dicate step. Dr. Adams was sensible that he alone was answerable for the consequences ; it being taken not merely from his own single sug- gestion. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 17 1 gestion, but contrary to the opinion and advice of some of great weight arid authority. However, considering maturely the measuie, he saw if iii all its lights, and boldly ventured on the under- taking. The full efFe£l of if \yas not looked for immediately. The first obje£i was, that the nation should consider the matter thoroughly ; it being evident, that the more it was ruminated on, the more obvious would be the advantages and necessity of a connexion between the two countries. When, therefore, the memorial was taken by the States General ad referendum, the first point was gained j the people thought of, and reasoned on the matter set before them ; many excellent writings appea;red, and they made the greatest impression ; a weekly paper in par- ticular, entitled Le Politique Hollandois, drew the attention of all, on account of its informa- tion, the soundness of its argument, and its poli- tical judgment and patriotism. At length the time came when the work was to, be complet- ed: the generality of the people of Holland, seeing the necessity of opening a new course to their trade, which the aggression of England^ and the commercial spirit of other nations tend- ed to diminish; demanded an immediate connec- tion with the United States of America, as a means of indemnifying themselves for the loss which a declared enemy had brought on them. Vol. I. B • and i* LIVING and the rivalship of neighbouring nations niight produce". Mr. Adanis seized the occasion which tlic public diispbisition afforded him, and presented his ulterior address of the pth of January, 1 782 y referring therein to- his memorial of the 19th of April 1 78 1, and demanding a categorical an- swer. The towns, cities, quarters, and states of the several provinces took the whole matter into immediate deliberation, and instructed their ser Veral deputies, in the States General, to concur in the admission of Mr. Adams in quality, of mi- nister plenipotentiary of the United States of North America. Thi's was done by a resolution, passed h^ their high mightinesses the 19th of April, 1782 5 and on the a 2d of the same month,, Mr. Adams was admitted accordingly, with all the iisUal ceremonies. This event seems to have been as great a blow as ally that had been given to the pride and in- terests of England during thafwar. It shewed that the Diitch were no longer over-awed by the power of' their enemv, for they dared to brave- him to his teeth. It set an example to other na- tibhs, to partake of the commerce of those criun- triesi which England had lost by her inconsider- ate conduft. It confounded at once the Eng;- lish partisans in. Holland, and proved that Sir Jo- seph Yorke was hot the great minister he had hathcrto. ENGLISH AUTHORS. ip liitlierto been supposed to be. It gave occasion to an ambassador of One of the gfeatfest moharchs of Europe to say to Mr. Adams: P"oiis dvezfrappi, MoHsieur, k plus grand cotip de tout V Europe. Cest le plus grand coup, qui h ete frappe dam la came Americaine. Cest ^dus qui avez effraye et terrassi les AnglomaHnes. Cest votis qui avez renipli cette nation d'enthousiasme. Aiid tlieh turning to atio- ther gehtlemanj he said, Ce n' est pas pour f aire cbmpliment a Monsieur Adainsi que je dis cela : c'est parcequ'en verite, je crois que c'est sa duc.*i Fi-btri the figure which Dr. Adams made at the commencement of the American war, &nd from the celebrity of his talents he has been de* putcd ambassador to several of the European powers since the establishment of American in- dependency. He was early made a member of the American acaderny of arts and sciences, and is now its president. On the resignation of Ge- neral Washington he was advanced to his pre- * This diplomatic Coirpliment has been followed by Others. The following is a convivial one, which an ingenious and patriotic Dutchman addressed to his excellency, on drinking td him out of a large beautiful glass, which is Called a boccale, and had inscribed round its brim, Aurea Libirias. AuitF.A LiBEitTAS ! gaude! pars altei'a tniindi Vindice te renuit subdere colla Jilgo. Hxc tibi legatum quem consors Belga fecepit Peflore sincere pocula plena fero. Vtraque gens ncflet, mox suspicienda tyrannise Quae libertati vincula sacra precor I B % sent 20 LIVING sent exalted station of president of the United "States, which he obtained in opposition to Messrs. Jefferson and Pinckney. Of the publications of Dr. Adams, the list is as follows, viz. An essay on canon and feudal law, (published with a small colle£lion of state papers, hy an American) ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1782. History of the xiisputes with America, from their origin in 1754, (written in 1774) ; a pam- phlet, o£lav'o, 1784. A defence of the consticution of government of the United States of America ; Vols. I. II. III. o£lavo, 1787, 1787, X788. History of the principal republics in the .world, (a new edition of the last-mentioned work) y three volumes, o£tavo, 1794.* The principal one of these publications was written as a defence against the attack of M. Tur- got in his letter to Dr. Price, dated 22d March, 1778. Three writers of abilities and reputation, M. Turgot, the Abbe de Mably and Dr. Price had turned their attention to the political constitu- tions of the United States of America and had published to the world their speculations and their criticisms. Notwithstanding the pure in- tentions of the authors, the experience in public * An answer to Paint's rights of man, a pamphlet, originally printed in- America, and re-printeJ in London, 1793, has also beeiv attiibutcd 10 Dr. Adams — but unjustly. affairs ENGLISH AUTHORS. 2t affairs acquired by one of them,* and the ample information concerning the nature of man and the science of government possessed by all, many sentiments occured in their works which it wae difficult to reconcile to reason, experience, the constitution of human nature, and the firft prin- ciples of policy adopted by all enlightened na- tions, whether ancient or modern. Frorn the commencement of the revolution in America there had been a party in every state, which en- tertained sentiments siinilar. to those of M. Tur- got. Two or three of them had established go- vernments upon his principle ; and proposals had been made in several states of America to depose fhe governor and senate as useless and expensive branches of the constitution. As the opinions of M. Turgot contributed to excite these discon- tents among the people. Dr. Adams held it a po- litical and moral dutj to examine his theory at great length ; to call the experience of past ages to enlighten the present ; and from a wide and extended view of human affairs, to mark and ascertain those principles of legislation and go- vernment which give order, success, stability and duration to political establishments and to civil society. The great and leading idea which runs through his ingenious and learned work is, • M. Turgot, B 3 that aa LIVING that ^ mjxture of the three powers, the regfil, the aristocratical and the democratical, properly balanced, composes the most perfe£t form of gp- yerntnent, and secures the greatest degree of hap- pmess to the greatest nijmber of individuals ; and he discovered an extent of learning, an acute- ness of refleftion and a inasculine spirit, such as embassadors in any court of Europe seldom pos- sess, but which all would b? proud to display. ADAMS, SAMUEL, ESQ. Late lieutenant-governor of the state of Mas- §achi!set's bay. This gentlemai^ was one of the first movers \n the AmericJ^n revolution, and has been understood to possess one of the best poli- tical heads of any of its leaders. Himself and Hancock were the on}y two persons excepted, in a ^general pardon offered to the Anieric^ns at the beginning of the contest. , He was member of the first and succeeding congresses apd has published:. An oration' delivered at the state-house in Philadelphia, to a very numerous audience, i^u- gust I, ?776, oftavq, In ,this declamjition, Mr, Adams, who has been called the American Cicero, is very vehe- ment against kingly government and hereditary succes- ENGLISH AUTHORS. • 23 succession. Most of his arguments are, howr ever, to be found in Paine's pampjilet, enti- tled common senu ; of which Mr. i\dams was formerly reputed, in the whole, or in part, the author. ADAMS, JOSEPH, ESQ. • . A surgeon by profe5sioi|. He was formerly ■reisident in Londpn ^ but lias been, -driven by po- litical persecution from his cou»try, Mr. Adams is brother to the 'vs^el-l-kno.vyii «pcj-etary to the «ck ciety for constitutional information ; which cir- cumstance and his avo'^ved attachment to civil liberty, operated so much lag^inst him in the city, *hat he. found his business declifte* A vacancy of the fituation of physician to the English faftpry a,t Madeira .offeripg, he procui^ed die degrep of extra- Oicentiate in medicine from the college of physi- cians in London, and embarked for that inland j where he bjd? fair to make a handsome fortuiiQ, *0 which his abilities jus tlj entitle hijm. Mr, Adams has published Observations on morbid poisjbns, phsgedaena and cancer; one volume, oftavo, 1795.0 This work is avowedly a pprnmentary ,pn some of the opinjpns of his old tutbr, the celebrated John Hunter ; and he has vindicated that ing!e- nious investigator of animated nsitoje against the B 4 attacks 24 LIVING attacks of his biographer, Mr. Jesse Foot. It is erxtitled to a distinftion from those common-place produftions, which every day briiigs forth on me- dical subjefts. ADAMS, REV. JOHN, M. A. A schoolmaster of Putney, in Surrey, who has published numerous compilations and abridge- ments, which in general display laborious ■■ ini- dustry, yet are superficial rather than judicious. The list of them is as follows, viz. Leftiones Seleflae, or seleft latin lessons in morality, history and biography, with an English translation ; one vol. duodecimo, 1,784; a second edition, corredted and enlarged j one vol. duode- cimo, 1789. • The flowers of ancient history, comprehend- ing, on a new plan, the most remarkable and interesting events, as well as chara£lers of anti- quity ; one volume duodecimo, 1787. The flowers of modern history, (on the same plqn), one vol. duodecimo, 1788. The flowers of modern travels, being elegant and instruftive extrafts from the works of the most celebrated travellers, two vols, duodecimo, 1788. Exercises in latjn composition j one volume duodecimo, 1788. ^ The English parjiassus, being a new seleflion ENGLISH AUTHORS. 45 of didaftic, descriptive/ pathetic, plaintive and pastbtal poetry, extrafted From the Works of the latest and most cfcliebrated poets j one vol. duo- decimb, 1789. ' Anecdotes, bons-mots and charafteristic traits ■of the' gi'eatest princes, politicians, philosophers, orators and wits of modern times'j- vols, one and two, duodecimo, 1789, 1792. Mbderri voyages ; containing a variety of useful 'and entertaining fafts irespefting the ex- peditioiis and the fJrihcipal discovfeVies of Caven- dish; Dsimpier, Monk, &c. two vols, duodecimo, ■I'j^o.' ■'■ ■' '■ 'V'^-- ■ ■ ■ Curious thoughts on the history of maw, chiefly abridged or selected from the works of Lord Kaimes, Lord Monb'oddoj &c. one vol. du- odecimo, 1790. The elements of 'useful knowledge, compre- heridiiig ' short systisms of astrottoniy, rhythology, &c. one vol. duodecimo, 1794. '.' 'A view of tiniversal history, from the creation, to the ptesent titnej three vols. b£lavo, 1795. ADDli^GTON, SllR WILLIAM, KNT. One of the justices of the public office. Bow- street, and' author of a very useful compilation, entitled. An a6 LIVING. Aji abridgement of penal statuses, yvhicji ex- hibits at one view the offepces af^4 \^^ PMi^ish- meijts or penalties iri consequence; of thqi^e oif- fences ; the n\ode of recovering, and application of the penalties, the number of vyitnesses and the . Jurisdiftipns, necg^^ary to the several convictions, and the chapters and seftiops of the en^£ling s.tatutes. Thisi wprk y^as first published jn an o6lavo volupip, ii^ 1 775. It has ever since beei^ r«:- printed in quarj:o, ai}d the prigipal plan conti- nually improved. The fourth edition, to .which are subjoined a great variety of ajudged ga^ej, ^ dated 1795. •. ; . ' AppjSQN, . . A dirty mf_nf[fc^nt edit% qf a colleflipn of anccdot^eg, tal^^j^e. ip twelveiyolunjes^oQavp,, Ijt is his pradice to lejive, in,.th^ dress pf a clergy^ in^n, a fevy vplmneis lof this wprk, ( a most yi^f f tch- ed farr^gp), at houses in Londor^ apd Bat)i, toge- ther with a list'of subscribers, and a request of ad- Bristol, Npvembejr 30th, 1785 J pftavp,* Th9 28 LIVING The origin and importance of life considered; jireached at St. Giles, Northampton, September 13, 1789, intrbduftory to the institution of the preservative society in that county ; and at Gar- shalton in Surry, for the benefit of the royal hu- mane society, -Oftobet 26,' 1789; quarto. Christian politics j or the origin bf power and the-gfbuiids'bf subordinatiirij preached at AIl-saintSj-Northampton-, ■September 2,8, i792i o£l;avo.,-- • •■. .:.•:.' ■■ -'ir- ' ' Thesin of Wastefulness j preached. at St. Ve- dast 'Foster, 'January 17,' 1796^ after reading the letter of the archbishop of Gantierbury, &c. re- commending- a'-reduftion- in the consumption of wheat; duodecimo; ' ■ - - • • Deliverahce'-'from enemies, a gromid for ■tHAN K SGI viMTG ; -preached at the a/ylum, -De- cember ig,- 1797 J o£lavb. . ^ The ' generality of these discourses are ■ not without their merits ; but we cannot reckon ourselves among the admirers of Mr. Aguttcr, as 9.' preacher. - ' ' ; AIKIN, JOHN, M. D. > Son of the late Dr. Aikin of Warrington, and brother to the- celebrated Mrs. Barbauld. He originally praftised as a surgeon, was. afterward for some time settled as a physician at Great Yar- EI^TGLISH AUTHORS. a^ cTarmouth in the county of Norfolk, and is at present resident in the metropolis. His career of authorship, which has been extensive and suc^ cessful, was commenced in the line of his pro- fession. His works in this class are. An essay on the ligature of arteries, (subjoin^- ed to White's cases in surgery, one vol. octavo), 1770. Observations on the external use of prepara^- tionS oflead ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1771. , Thoughts on hospitals ; a pamphlet, oftavo, A specimen of the medital , biography of Great Britain; a pamphlet, quarto, 1775. , A manual of chemistry, (from the French of M. Beaume); one vol. o£tavo, 1778. Biographical memoirs of medicine in Great Britain, from the revival of literature to the time of Harvey; one vol. o£lavo, 1780. The third edition, with numerous additions, and correftions, of Lewis' experimental history of the materia medica. ; one vol. quartoi 1 784. A manual of the materia medica ; one vol. d^iodecimo, 1785. The credit which these pieces obtained their author, at the time of their publication was very considerable. It is to be sincerely lamented thai the \vork which he had projefted on the subjeft of medical biography was never completed. In his go LIVING his first publication .on that stibjeft, he requested the assistance of those who might be possessed of scarce and valuable materials, proper for art undertaking of the kind ; but that assistance fell very short of his expectations, and his plan was sobn reduced to the compass of a comparatively modem period. His volume of biographical me- moirs, contains accounts of the lives and writings of only fifty-five persons ; beginning with Ri- chardus Anglicus, who flourished about the yeat 1230, and eliding with Harvey arid Glisson, the last of whom died in 1677. The design which Dr. Aikiri had of prosecuting this plan through succeeding periods, seems, if we may judge from • the interval of time elapsed, to have been laid aside. His extra-professional publications are. Miscellaneous pieces, in prose, ( in association with his sister, Mrs. Barbauld, then Miss A; L. Aikin); one vol. oftavo, 1773. Cn. Julii Agricolai vita, scriptore C, Cornelib Tacito : with a translation ; one vol. small oc- tavo, 1774. An essay on the application of natural history to poetry ; one vol. dijodecimo. 1777. A treatise on the situation, manners and in- habitants of Germany, and the life of Agricola, (translated into English, from Tacitus); one vol. oftavo, 1777. The ENGLISH AUTHORS, 3* Tlie seasons, by Jatnes Thomson, a new edi-^ tion, ( v«ith engravings, and an eksay 6n the plart and chairaSfer of the poem) ; one vdl. dftdvo, 1 778; The calendar of hiture, (designed for young persons); a panrtphlet duodecimo, 1784. Ehglahd delliieated, (for the use of ybung per-i sons ); oiie vol. crown o£iavo, 1788.' Poems; one vol.cro^n 6£iaVo, 1791. A view of th^ charaftei: and public services <)f tk kte J6hri Hh the poem ; one vol. duodeciitto, 1795. The spleen, and other poems, by Matthew Green, with a prefatory essay • on* vol. small oc-, tavo, 1795. The chacci, a poem, by William Somervilk, Ifsq. a hew edition, to which is prefixed a critical essay ; oiie vol. small oftavo, 1796. A description of the country, from thirty to forty miles rbuiid Manchester, (with seventy-three plates) ; one vol. quarto, 1796. An essay on man, by Alexander Pope, Esq. a new edition, to which is prefixed a critical es- say; one vol. sirtall 6£lavo, 1796. Among j4 LIVING Among these pieces, all of which discover In their author an happy union of solid judgement and. elegance pf taste ; the essay on the applica- tion of natural history to poetry, is to be distin- guished as highly classical and pleasing. Of the translation of the^ two treatises by Tacitus, it is no contemptible eulogium, and it may be pro- nounced with truth, that, notwithstanding the ?ible hands into which the great historian has since fallen, these are the best specimens of him which our language can boast. Dr. Aikin's po- etical talents are unquestionably of the superior kind: among his elegant poems, Duncan's Warning has met with peculiar admiration. The view of the charafter of Mr. Howard is an accurate and finished delineation ; and the edi- tions of selefl: poetical pieces with critical essays, are at once elegant and useful. Dr. Aikin has iTioreover been an occasional contributor to the memoirs of the literary and phi- ' losofhical society at Manchester ; and we are sorry to add, is said to be one of the principal conduc- tors of the tnonthly magazine, a publication parti- cularly instrumental in the propagation of those principles which are subversive of all good order in civil society.* He • Surely an association, even in a literary point of view, with tin; hopeful group, Messrs. Phillip?, Pyvr, Taylor, Holcrort, God- win, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 33 He is at present engaged in colle6ting materi- als for, and compiling a new general biographical di£lionary, to be published in ten volumes quarto, the first volume of which was prepared by the late Dr. Enfield. From the disappointment which the expe£tations of the public have experienced, in the new edition of the old biographical dic- tionary,* this work will no doubt be in great request. AIKIN, ARTHUR, ESQ. Son of the subjeQ: of the preceding article. To Mr. Arthur Aikin were addressed the letters from a father td his son, by Dr. Aikin. He has published Journal of a tour through North Wales and part of Shfopshire, with observations in miner- alogy and other branches of natural history j one vol. crown o£lavo, 1797. The natural history of the year, (an enlarge- ment of Dr. Aikin's calendar of nature); one vol. duodecimo, 1798. Th6 JOURNAL communicates much solid and n'm, and Wakefield, is unworthy the genius and charafter of Dr. Aikin. ' ' ■ , * In fifteen volumes oflavo, 1798, by Mcu* Bcloe, Naret, Tooke, and the late Mr. Morrison. ' V, Vol. I. C useful 34 LIVING useful information, to the lover of the beauties of naiture pifturesquely considered and of the sci- entific investigation of her mineral and vegetable kingdoms. The other work embraces such adr ditions to the calendar of nature as modern dis- coveries have afforded. We are sorry to add, that Mr. Aikin is also one of the goodly group of monthly-magazine mongers, an un- worthy application of his talents, which his fa- ther's example can alone extenuate. AITON, WILLIAM, TOWNSEND. Gardener to his majesty, at the royal kitchen and pleasure gardens at Kew. He is son of the late WilliavriAiton, whQ published hortus kewen- sis 5 and on the death of that able botanist, his inajesty was pleased to transfer the appointment to him. Mr. Alton is preparing to republish the •celebrated, work of his father, and is, as we are .told, by, to. means inferior to his; predecessor in botanical knowledge. . , ; . > j ALANSON, EDWARD, ESQ. Surgeon at Liverpool, and author of Pra£tic5.1 obsei'vatioiis . on amputation and the after-treatment; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1779, - ' ' (greatly ENGLISH AUtHORS. 35 (greatly enlarged in a second edition; one vol. o£lavo, 1783). In these observations, the author differed in three points from the established mode of prac- tice, viz. in the application of the tape, the quantity of Ikin saved, and the manner of exe- cuting the. double incision. " The tifcw light which his ingenious performance threw upon the- prac- tice of' surgery, and the importance of the im- provements suggested in if, with respeft to an operation, unfortunately too common, and which even the least (kilful surgeon thinks himself qua- lified to perform, cOuld not but recommend it to the serious attention of every pra£titioner, anx- ious for the advanceih'eht, , as well as the dignity of his art. ALBIN, J. i ■ , -J ' ■ ' A bookseller at Newport in the Isle of Wight. He has published a respeft&ble performance, en- titled, -; ,' 'i , A new, correfl:, and much-improved history of the Isle of Wight, from the earliest times of authentic information, to the present period ; comprehending whatever isxurious or worthy of attention in natural history, with its civil, eccle- siastical and military state, in the various ages, both ancient and modern j one vol. oftavo, 1795. ' ' Ca AL- 36 LIVING ALCHORNE, STANE9BY, ESQ. King's assay-master of his majesty's mint, and member of the society of apothecaries. He was formerly president of the botanic gardens at Chelsea, ^nd demonstrator to the society of app- thecaries ; which places he resigned in the year 1772, and obtained the office of king's assay- master of the mint in 1789, on the decease of Mr. Lucas ; having, we believe, been master's- assay-master some years previously. Mr. Al- chorne has written. Catalogue of fifty plants from Chelsea ; 1770, (phil. transact, for 1771, p. 390). Catalogue of fifty plants from Chelsea ; 1771, (ibid. 1773, p. 30). Examination of the ores in the museum of Dr. Hunter, (ibid. 1779, p. 529). Experiments on mixing gold with tin, ( ibid. 1784, p. 463). ALDBOROUGH, EARL OF.— See Stratford. ALDER. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 37 ALDERSON, JOHN, M. D. Of the city of Norwich. Member of the royal medical society of Edinburgh ; and au- thor of A n essay on the nature and origin of the con- tagion of fevers ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1788. An essay on the rhus toxicodendron, pubes- cent poison-oak, or sumach ; with cases shewing its efficacy in the cure of paralysis, and other diseases of extreme debility i a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1793. In the first of these essays, Dr. Alderson en-, deavours to shew that the contagious matter of fever, when thrown oflF from the body, is dis- solved in the phlogisticated air which passes through the lungs ; and being thence rendered aftive, is capable, while thus dissolved, of com- municating virulence to all within the sphere of its operation. But if this state of the air be changed, or reduced to its former purity, by ad- ding to it that vital portion which it had lost in its passage through the lungs, he infers (and the opinion is strongly countenanced by the fails and observations which he adduces), that its powers and properties for eleflrical attraftion will be al- tered, and consequently that the contagious matter which was before held suspended, will be preci- C 3 pitated. 38 LIVING pitated. In the second pamphlet, the ingenious author treats of a vegetjable well-known to nur- sery men, by its name of foison-oak, and by its acrimonious qualities. He describes the plant botanically, gives a full list of all its synonyms and a concise account of four cases, in which it was medicinally exhibited, which, though insuf- ficient to establish its tharafter, prove that it is possessed of considerable powers- ALEXANDER, WILLIAM, M. D, This gentleman praftised more than thirty years ago, as a surgeon at Edinburgh. He has published E^J^perimental essays ; one volunje oftavo, 1768, An experimental enquiry concerr^ing the causes which have generally been said to pro-, duce putrid diseases ; one volume o£lavo, 1772. The case of a person, who was seemingly killed by a blow on the breast, recovered by ble^'ding and the warm bath ; (essays and obser- vations, physical and literary, read before a sot ciety in Edinburgh, volume 3, p. 512). The history of women, from the earliest an^ tiquity, to the present time ; two volumes quarto, J 779, (second edition, in two volumes o£lavo). 1 he lirst of these works contains three inge« nious ENGLISH AUTHORS. 39 nious essays, viz. on the external. application of antiseptics in putrid diseases ; on the doses and effe£tsof medicines; and on diuretics and sudori- fics. The EXPERIMENTAL ENQUIRY, Contains some curious observations and experiments, tend- ing to throw light on the circumstances and ratio- nali of putrefaftion ; but the author has conduced, some of his experiments with too little accuracy, and has been somewhat too precipitate in his conclusions from others. Dr. Alexander's his- tory OF WOMEN, cannot be refused the chara£ler of an agreeable and, in some respe£ts, an instruc- tive performance. His observations, however, are frequently very singular ; and he does not upon the whole appeal: to us to possess that va- riety of talents, tha,t extensive acquaintance with history, that judgement in the choice and ar- rangement of materials, that conversation in the politq world, that knowledge of the human heart, and lastly, that cmp d'osil in regard to charafters and manners, which the successful execution of such an undertaking required. ALEXANDER, DISNEY, ESQ. Member of the royal medical society of Edin- burgh, and author of A treatise on the nature and cure of the cy« C 4 iianche 40 LIVING nanche trachealis, commonly called the croup ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1794. This publication is the result of cases seen by the author, in and near Halifax, during the win- ters of 1792 and 1793. . These cases are well drawn, and tend to confirm the idea entertained by Dr. Cullen, and now, we believe, pretty ge- nerally admitted, that the croup is an inflamma- tory affeftion of the lining membrane of the su- perior part of the trachea. ALEXANDER, W. Draftsman to Earl Macartney, in his lordship's Chinese embassy, He has published a kind of appendix to Sir George. Staunton's account of the embassy, under the title Sketchesfrom nature, made in China in 1 793 j royal quarto, 1797-8. This work, illustrating the various dresses, customs and ceremonies, the civil, military and naval architefture, and other subjefts peculiar to that extraordinary empire, is to be comprised in twelve numbers, each containing four prints, etched and coloured by the author, with descrip- tions. No. L was published upon the appear- ance of Sir George Staunton's account of the embassy. ALISON, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 41 ALlSbN, REV. ARCHIBALD, L. L. B. F. R. S. L. E. This gentleman upon the death of the Re- verend Edward Rolle, B. D. was made one of the prebendaries in the cathedral of Salisbury in his place ; and has, since that time, we believe, obtained the vicarage of High Ercal, in the coun- ty of Shropshire. He has written. Essays on the nature and principles of taste j one volume quarto, 1790. This volume, containing only a part of the author's enquiries on the subjefil, is the work of a thinking and an elegant mind ; and is of con- sequence calculated to afford pleasure and in- struftion. There is a roundness and simplicity in Mr. Alison's theory which are exceedingly al- luring ;• and before we have examined it, we wish that it may be true. On examination, we are disposed, in general, to be satisfied with his principles, and to be convinced by his reasoning and illustrations ; but we cannot agree with him in all that he advances. ALLAN, 4* LIVING ALLAN, GEORGE, ESQ. F. A. S. Of Blackwell Grange, near Darlington. An antiquary of considerable reputation j to a taste for which studies, the circumstance of his pos- sessing the papers of the celebrated Mr. Gale, may probably have contributed not a little. Mr. Allan is supposed to have furnished the greater part of the materials for Mr. IJutchinson's topo- graphical works. Ho not long ago purchased the valuable museum of Mr. Tunstall, of WyclifFe ; and has instituted a society, in Darlington, for the study of natural history, of which, particularly in the botanical department, there are said to be pme able members. ALLARDYCE, ALEXANDER, ESQ. M. P. One of the proprietors of the bank of Eng- land. This gentleman was eledied to represent the royal boroughs, Aberdeen, Aberbrothoc, &c. on the death of Mr. Callendar in 1792; and was also returned at the last election. At a ge- neral court of the proprietors of the bank of Eng- land, held December 14, 1797, Mr. AUardyce moved, " that there be laid before the court an " account ENGLISH AUTHORS. 43 " account of the charge of tnanaging the busi- " ness of the governor and company of the bank " of England ; an account of the expence of " building; and an account of all other expenCeS *• incurred by the governor and company from " Oflober 10, 1787, to Oftober 10, 1797, distin- " guishing the different years, and the particu- " lars under their respe£live heads." No argu* ments were used to prove the impropriety of the hiotion, but it was stifled by moving the previous question, which was carried. Upon this he pub- lished An address to the proprietors of the bank of England; one volume quarto, 1798, (twice re- printed). In this ADDRESS Mr Allardyce announced his intention of bringing forward another motion, ^t a future genera] court. o^ ALLDRIDGE, W. J. Author of a publication, entitled, The goldsmith's repository ; containing a , concise elementary treatise on the art, of assaying metals ; rules, dire£lions, and corre£t extensive tables, applied to all the possible occasions of mixing, alloying, or finding the value of bullion, under all its, various denominations of gold, sil- ver, and parting, Also an appendix, in which are 44 LIVING are contained abstrafts of all the a£ls of parlia- ment now in force, relating to gold and silver ; and a view of all the changes in their respective standards; one volume, o£lavo, 1790. This work is more extensive and corre£l than former publications on the subje£l, and is very useful to those who are concerned in the com- merce of gold and silver. ALLEN, IRA, ESQ. One of the major generals of the militia in the state of Vermont, in America. He has pub- lished The natural and political history of the state of Vermont ; one volume, o£l:avo, 1798. In this work Mr. Allen aims at laying open the source of contention between Vermont and New York, and the reasons which induced the former, to repudiate both the jurisdi£tion and claim of the latter, before and during the Ame- rican revolution ; and also, to point out the em- barassments the people met with, in founding and establishing the independence of the state, against the intrigues and claims of New York, New Hampshire and Massachusets, supported as they were by repeated resolves of congress ; when they were exposed to the power of a British army in Canada. ALLEY, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 45 ALLEY, REV. JEROM, L. L. B. M. R. 1. A. Chaplain to Lord Sheffield. This gentleman was educated at Trinity-college, Dublin, where he distinguished himself by obtaining a prize for a poem and oration, written at the age of seven- teen. He has published these pieces and two political pamphlets of a more recent date, viz^ The widowed queen, or Elizabeth, dowager of Edward IV. delivering up her second son from san£liiary ; and Philippa to Edward III. in favour of the Burghers . of Calais. Being a poem and oration, to which prizes were adjudged by the provost and senior-fellows of Trinity-college, Dublin, in Hilary term, 1777; a pamphlet, quarto, 1778. Observations on the government and consti- tution of Great Britain j in a letter to Lord Sheffield. A review of the political principles of the modern whigs ; in a letter to Lord Sheffield, (first published in Dublin, and reprinted in London, 1 793, as well as the preceding). The prize-compositions do credit to the age •of seventeen. The letters have been considered by some as tending too strongly toward a justifi- t I , cation 46 LIVING cation of the unconstitutional influence of the crown.* They arc, however, sensible and well- written. ' ■ • ALMON, JOHN. Formerly a bookseller in Piccadilly, in the; shop which is now Mr. Debrett's. If a steady adherence to his party, or an inflexible perseve- 'rance in what .he thinks right, constitute a merit in any. man, few have greater claims to that mcr rit than John Almon. He began business in 'Piccadilly, at the commencement of the present; reign^ a period when party ran very high, and was made choice of by the opposition as their bookseller. Accor'dingly we '-find all the pam- phlets on that side of the question sold at his shop; •and his boldness ih.publishirig.the most violent attacks on administration, rendered him so' con- spicuous, that Foote is said to have intended his charafter of Vampe,' in the farce of M^ author ^ for Almon. On his entrance into business, he Hvas greatly eiiGouraged to this licence; by the •privilege which merhbers'of parliament then 'cMttied in matter of libel'j for whenever a pam- • It has been said, and if true, it is'tq.b« lamented, that almost ' ' . , r ■'''■- f ." ■(■'({ , ) .' 'eveiy unconstitutional' iheasure cbtiftaittly finds the most powerful , -advocates among, the. elf l-gfy; ',' . ')j -^.uiii ; , , . ,j •• phlet ENGLISH AUTHORS. 47 phlet was attacked by the attorney-genera], the bookseller had air fvj ;i jnember of parliament read}"^ to give up as the author. But when this privilege was voted away in the case of Mr. Wilkes, for publishing the North Briton, Almon, who was of a daring spirit, would sometimes permit the publications of his friends to pass with his naihe, .'A circumstance from which he has been supposed by many to have written them". During, thei'grcat contests, however, of Wilkes and liberty, 'th6 Middlesex eleftion, and the Ame- rican war, a larger colle£lion of well-written, pamphlets was published by Almon, than per- haps ever issued from the press in a like period of time. * While he continued in this shop, he was more than ohc6 Tavbured with the notice of the attorney-general ; and being brought to trial for selling Junius' celebrated letter to; the king, he was fined' ten niarkS, and Sentenced to givfe security.for his behaviour for some months..' n \ He made, hovvever, so good a fortune by his .business, that he was enabled 'to quit his shop' in favour of; Mr. Debrett, whb had been for sometitne his partner. After' a few^ years, he married' thd I widow ; of Parker, printer of' the general .advertisers, and edited: dnd: printed, that late newspaper for two or three years. In this * Among tl\;ni.l are tt\e; .-^mous .pocmt .cignied; Malcolm M'Gregor. concern 48 LIVING concern lie is said to have hurt his fortune : with his tranquility he was certainly at war ; for, in* serting in his paper a paragraph on the maladies of some branches of the royal family, he was tried for the offence and convifted of publishing a libel. Not, however, surrendering himself for judgment, he was outlawed, and evaded the offi- cers of justice a considerable time, till at last he was discovered at a farm-house in Hertfordshire, and committed to the king's bench prison, where, during his confinement, he is said to have written his anecdotes of Lord Chatham. Having, after some difficulty, got over this affair, Mr. Almon commenced anonymous au- thor,* publishing. Anecdotes of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, and of the principal events of his time ; with his speeches in parliament from the year 1736 to 1778; two volumes quarto, 1792,. (since several times reprinted in three vo- lumes oftavo). Biographical, literary and political anecdotes, of several of the most eminent persons of the present age ; never before printed ; with an ap^ pendix, consisting of original, explanatory and scarce papers ; three volumes oftavo, 1797. * He is said by some to be incapable of writing for the press, yet these works are universally attributed to hint. Hii ENGLISH AUTHORS. 49 His anecdotes of Lord Chatham, although they do not afford all the information which might be wished for, are yet in general valuable and sometimes important.* His competency for gaining good information, from his connexions, raised high expeftatioris in the public with re- gard to the latter work. , They were, however, we are sorry to say, deceived ; and even in the information he has given respe£ling the author of Junius' letters, he appears most certainly to have been niistaken.f Having anounced his intentiori of publishing a seriis of political fa9s, not inclu- ded in either of his. preceding works, nor ever before printed, (in two volumes), we hope he has determined to remove the mortification of his former purchasers, and to give the' world the Ion g-wished-for anecdotes. ' To Almon, the public is indebted for the in- • The profits of this work would well have recompensed his Ia< hour, but he is said to have lost them by the failure of his book- seller. f It would be impertinent to take up the reader's time in this work with the arguments pro and con respeftuig this celebrated tjuestion ; ' convinced as we are that Junius is dead. As we flatter ourselves, however, Mirith some penetration in these matters, we ven- ture to say, that frorp anecdotes well authenticated, and considera- tions frequently and maturely weighed, we are led to consider the probability greatly in favour of the late Right Hon. W. G. Hamil- ton (commonly balled Smglt-speech) as the author of these celebrated Jetters. Mr.. Almon attributes them to the late Hugh Boyd, Esq. Vol. I. D stitution so LIVING stitution of the parliamentary register, about the year 1774, which is continued to the present time by Mr. Debrett. Soon after the commence- ment of this work, he saw the impropriety of leaving a chasm in the account of parliamentary proceedings, from the time of Chandler in 1744, to that at which he began his register. He there- fore set abopt compiling from the journals all that seemed necessary, and colle£led as many speeches as he could, forming them into seven volumes, "irhu? by means of the parliamentary history, the debates of Gray and Ch?indler, and the debates and register of Almon and Debrett, we have as complete a series of parliamentary history as the materials npw extant can afford. The remem- irqncer and other valuable repositories were also published by him. AMNER, REV. RICHARD. A dissenting-nunister at Cosley in the county-, 6f Stafford. He has written. An account of the occasion and design of the positive institutions of Christianity ; extradted^ from the scriptures only 5 a pamphlet, oftavo, 1774- An essay toward an interpretation of the pro- phecies of Daniel j with occasional remarks upon some ENGLISH AUTHORS. 51 some of the most celebrated commentaries on them ; one volume, o£l:av6, 1776. Considerations on the do£lrine of a future state and the resurre£lion, as revealed, or sup- posed to be so, in the scriptures ; on the inspi- ration and authority of scripture itself j on some peculiarities in St. Paul's epistles; on the pro- phecies of Daniel and St. John, Etc. To which are added some striflures on the prophecies of Isaiah 5 one volume, oflavo, 1798. These produ£lions do credit to their author as a learned and sensible writer. AMOS, WILLIAM. Author, of a work, entitled, Thfe theory and praftice of the drill husban- dry ; founded upon philosophical principles and confirmed by experience j (with plates) one vo- lume, quarto, 1794. In this work Mr. Amos acknowledges his obligations to Sir Torbern Bergman, the bishop of LandafF, Dr. Priestley, Dr. Hunter of York, and M. du Hamel. It involves a charge against the Rev, James Cooke, a member of the society in the Adelphi for the encouragement of arts &c. of purloining in his new improved and simpli-' fied drill machine, the principal of his improve- pients from Mr. Amos. D a AMPH- LIVING AM PH LETT, W. Author of a volume, which he entitled, Tdumphs of war j and other poems : duo- decimo, 1796. The apology made for obtruding these turgid effusions' upon the public is, that they are the first produftions of a young person, born and educated in the country, who has never enjoyed the advaiv- tages of academical instruftionj that they are the fruits of much miscellaneous reading and some observation ; the offspring of a warm imagina- tion and a susceptible heart ! ! 1 ANBUREY, THOMAS, ESQ. An officer who was in General Burgoyne's army in America. He arrived at Quebec in 1776, and on his return published. Travels through the interior parts of Ame- rica; in a series of letters ; by an officer j (with plates), two volumes, odtavo, 1789. This- publication was honoured by a very handsome subscription, at the head of which were four of the royal family and a number of the no- bility. It is doubtful whether one of its views ENGLISH AUTHORS. 53 ■was not to vindicate the general's condufb In that unfortunate campaign, which the crowd, who judge of the merit of commanders only by their success, had censured with virulence ; but which Mr. Anburey's plain statement of fa£ts seems to prove to have been such, as to make every exer- tion which prudence or bravery could suggest. It professes to give a detail of the difficulties to which general Burgoyne's army was exposed, previously to their capture at Saratoga, and of the distresses which they subsequently endured. The narrative h cpndufted with an apparent degree of candpur and impartiality, which renders it in- teresting ; its claim to attention arose more, how- ever, from the nature of the fafts than from the skill arid elegance of the writer. His descrip- tions ' are too minute j his transitions almost al- ways abrupt ; and his style sometimes ungramma- tical. We have lately seen an advertisement of twelve seleft views in India, drawn by Captain Thomas Anburey, during the campaign of the Marquis Cornwallis ; shewing the difficulty of a march • through the Gundecotta-pass ; engraved in aqua-tinta by F. Jukes. D 3 ANCEL, 54 LIVING ANCEL, SAMUEL, ESQ, This gentleman was clerk to the fifty-eighth regiment at the siege' of Gibraltar, and wrote a series of letters on the spot, to his brother, which were published at Liverpool in 1784, were well received, and afterward reprinted at Edinburgh, untkr the title, A journal of the late and important blockade ^nd siege of Gibraltar, from September 12th, 1779, t° February 3d, 1783 ; (with plates), one volume o£tavo, (third edition), 1786. These letters were not originally intended for the press ; and owed their origin to no other written authorities on the subjeft. As a faithful recital of occurrences, from the beginning to the end of the siege, they have their merit ; but the author's afFeftation of embellishment,'(particular- ly in his poor poetic effusions), ill correspond with the idea of their having been composed dur- ing the toils and hardships of a siege. They arq written neither with elegance nor accuracy. ANDER. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 55 ANDERSON, ROBERT, M.D. Of Heriot's Green, Edinburgh. A most re- speflable biographer and critic. He has pub. lished The life of Samuel Johnson, L. L. D. with tritical observations on his works ; one volume b£tavb, 1795. The works of the British podts, with prefaces biographical and critical j thirteen volumes, royal oftavo, 1795. The miscellaneous works of Dr. Tobias Smollett, with his . life j six volumes, o£lavo, 1796. Tp these we believe may also be added, an edition of the grave, a poem, by Blair, with 3 biographical and critical preface.. Dr. Anderson's life of Johnson is chiefly taken from the narratives of Sir John Hawkins and Mr. Boswell ; with the addition of such particu- lars of the progress of his mind and fortunes as the subsequent narrative of Mr. Murphy, and the most ,rcspe£table periodical publications could supply. It is written with strength, elegance, good taste and sound judgement ; and entitles its author to rank highly among, the biographers of that celebrated charaftcr. We have under- D 4 stood 56 LIVING stood that it is to be prefixed to a new edition of Johnson's lives of the -poets. The comprehen- sive and useful coUeftion of English poetry was originally undertaken on a smaller scale by Messrs. Mundell and Son, printers, in Edinburgh ; and enlarged to its present size by the recommenda- tion of Dr. Anderson. Of the chronological sc- ries of biographical prefaces, prefixed to this work, the greater part is written by him j and his merits in this line of authorship are very high- ly respeftable j though he has not altogether es- caped the imputation of plagiarism.* The above- mentioned life of Johnson is reprinted in this colle£tion ; and Dr. Anderson is employed in re- vising and enlarging his biographical and critical prefaces with the view to a separate publication, for which he has solicited hints and notices in the monthly magazina. His edition of Smollett will probably be less sought after, than thq simi- lar publication of Dr. John Mopre, ANDERSON, WALTER, D.D, A native of Scotland, and a resident in an obscure village in that kingdom. He has written. The history of France, (from the reign of • Vije mnthly rcvieiv, N. S, vol, 17, p. lo. Francis ENGLISH AUTHORS. 57 Francis I. to the general peace of Munster) ; quarto; volumes I. and II. 1769; volume III, 1 775 j volumes IV. and V, 1782, The philosophy of ancient Greece investi- gated, in its origin and progress, to the asras of its greatest celebrity, in the Ionian, Italic, and Athenian schools, &c.; pne volume, quarto, 1791. Dr. Anderson's execution of the first of these undertakings, is by ho means able and fortunate. In that genius, that natbral discernment, that knowledge of the world, which are so absolutely necessary to the historian, he is surprisingly dc- feftive. He removes not the veil which covers the cabals and intrigues, so frequent in the old court of France : his delineations of eminent per- sonages are without likeness or character : and his mind is neither piercing nor capacious. The dignity of the hi^tpric manner is sometimes imi- tated by him with a degree of success ; but his page is often deformed with a giddiness and fri- volity which disturb the gravity of his reader. His acfcounts of battles are almost unintelligible 3 not because he is profound in the military arl;^ but because he understood imperfeclly what he had undertaken to describe. Lastly, his consul- tation of the French historians has led him often into .Gallicisms ; and he abounds in Scottish idioms. The second work is more respeftable in point of matter. It is fuller than the work of Stanley 58 LIVING Stanley on the same subje£t, and less extensive and prolix than that of Brucker. ANDERSON, JAMES, L. L.D. ; F. R. A. S. Scot. A native of Scotland ; and a gentleman-far- mer of Monk's-hill, Aberdeenshire, distinguished by his superior talents for experimental husban- dry. He was employed ,some years ago by go- vernment, to examine into the state of the west- ern coast and islands of Scotland ; and confirm- ed by his relations, the accounts which had been given of the nielancholy poverty and depression pf the inhabitants. Dr. Anderson has written. Essays relating to agriculture and rural affairs, (with plates) one volume oftavo, 1775, (second edition, two volumes o6tavo, 1777 j and volume III. I796)' Observations on the means of exciting a spirit of national industry, chiefly intended to promote the agriculture,, commerce, and manufaftures of Scotland; one volume quarto, 1777. An enquiry into the nilturc of the corn laws, with a view to the new corn-bill proposed for Scotland; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1777. An inquiry into the causes that have hitherto retarded the advancement of agriculture in Eu- rope, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 5^ rope, with, hints for removing the circumstances that have chiefly obstrufted its progress j a pam- phlet, quarto, 1779. ' An account of ancient monuments and forti- fications in the highlands of Scotland, (archaeo- logia, vol. 5, p, 241, and vol. 6. pi 87). The interest of Great Britain with regard to her American colonies considered ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1782. An account of the present state of the He-' brides and western coasts of Scotland j one vo- lume oftavo, 1785. Observations on the cfFe£ls of the coal duty upon the remote and thinly-peopled coasts of Britain; a pamphlet, o£l;avo, 1792. A praftical treatise on peat-moss ; one vo- lume o6lavo, 1794. An account of the different kinds of sheep found in the Russian dominions, and among the Tartar hords of Asia, (with plates), (translated, from Dr. Pallas; and five appendixes added) ; one volume oftavo, 1794. A practical treatise on draining bogs 'and swampy grounds, illustrated by, figures, with cursory remarks upon the originality of Mr. El- kington's mode of draining ; one volume oftavo, 1797. Dr. Anderson was also the conduftor of the ?EE, a periodical publication, consisting of es- says. 6o LIVING says, philosophical, philological and miscellane- ous, published some years ago at Edinburgh, and discontinued upon the completion of eigh- teen small o£tavo volumes. To his pen, we be- lieve, are also to be attributed some observa- tions on PLANTING AND TRAINING TIMBER TREES; an ESSAY ON QUICK-LIME, aS a CC- ment and as a manure ; and a praftical trea- tise ON SMOKEY CHIMNIES. In the last of these works were first explained (we are told) the principles of the patent Bath-stove, by the construftion of which, as illustrated in this trea- tise, Mr. Brodie is supposed to have realized a hundred thousand pounds ! * The colle£tion of essays is a very valuable •work and has gone through four editions ; the third volume was written at the request of the president of the hoard-of-agriculture, and was originally intended to form a part of the general report proposed to be laid bei'orc parliament by that board. Dr. Anderson's observations on na- tional industry, are particularly worthy the attei> tion of those who are desirous of contributing to the ease and feHcity of their fellow creatures. Indeed all his treatises discover him to be a be- * The premium of loool. from parliament obtained by Mr, Elkingtoii, for a mode of draining by what he ca)ls tapping of springs, was also discovered, praftised and explained many yer-rj ago by Dr. Anderson. nevolentj ENGLISH AUTHORS. 6i nevolent, well-informed, and in the main, a judi- cious writer J though we now and then meet with an appearance, at least, of vanity. His writings, especially the earlier ones, abound in Scottisms ; and liis style is seldom elegant and not unfrequently incorreft. ANDERSON, ^NEAS. A lieutenant in this Manx-fencibles. He served Lord Macartney in a menial capacity in the late embassy to China, and, having received a better education than commonly falls to the lot of persons in that station, his inquisitive dispo- sition, led him tocolle£ta number of remarks on the empire of China, .and the conduQ of the embassy, which were found worthy the atten- tion of the public. Being correfted and revised, ,they were published under the title, A riarrative of the British embay to C bin a, in 1792, 1793, and 1794 ; containing the various circumstances of the embassy, with accounts of customs and manners of the Chinese, and a de- scription of the country, towns, cities. Sec. ; one volume quarto, 1795, (since reprinted twice in o£lavo). This amusing work has considerable merits Since its publication, Mr, Anderson has been promoted in the military line as mentioned above, ANDER. 6a LIVING ANDERSON, JAMES, M.D. M.A. Physician-general to the hospital board at Fort St. George. He was entrusted a few years ago by the East India cornpany, with the new and interesting branch of commerce of the cochineal inseft ; and has published. Letters on the subje£t of the cochineal insects' discovered at Madras ; oftavo, Madras, 1788. ANDERSON, JOHN, M.D. F.A.S. C. M, S. &c. Physician to, and a direftor of the general sea-bathing infirmary, at Margate. He has written j ' Medical remarks on natural, spontaneous, and artificial evacuation ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1787, (second edition, 1788). A pra£tical essay on tjie good and bad efFe£ls of sea-water and sea-bathing ; a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1795. A preliminary introdu£tion to the a£l of sea- bathing ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1795. By the first of these treatises. Dr. Anderson seems to be a judicious praftitioner ; and his work, the result of much experience and observation. The ENGLISH AUtHORS. 6j The two last mentioned publications appear to be quite in the way of business. He has also an- nounced a praftical bssay on the powei', influence, and efFe£t, good and bad, of the tepid, warm, hot, and vapor, sea-water bath ;' anid orie br'two more little trails, as necessary afccompaniliieiit^ to this and his foregoing publications; .' ' ' ANDERSON, THOMAS, ESQ; : F. R. S. E. t Surgeon at Leith. He has contributed tiiit&y boldly affirm, no subsequent satirist has s6 truly and happily united. Indeed the same feli- city seems to have been unattainable ever aftet- wardi even by Mr. Anstey himself j for the ELECTION BALL, though riot destitute of wit and humour, is far inferior to the former poem. The lines on the death of the Marquis of Tavis- tock, who died by a fall from his horse, are written in blank verse, with a feeling and pathos suited to the mournful occasion; and the priest DISSECTED, seems to have been part of a bloody battle between an enraged poet and a reverend haberdasher of small scandal. The comic epis- TOLA AD C. W. Bampfylde, Arm. was writ- ten to introduce to the public some designs, made by Mr. Bampfylde of Hestercombe, in Somerset- shire, for several of the persons and incidents iij the election tall : it has been very indifferently translated into English by another hand. His scriptural paraphrase, served to evince Mr. Anstey's due estimation of his prominent talent in former instances ; and that he then succeeds best, when he takes in hand siibjefts of a fanciful and humorous cast. In the opening of his poem, entitled specu- lation, he corhplained that the treatment he had experienced from the . world, had not been such as his inoffensive reprehension of its vices entitled him to ; he had by tiis time probably F , 2 discovered. 84 LIVING discovered, that a satirist seldom makps friend^, This produftion, though POt without great mer rit, appears upon , the whole too diffusive, arid jiot to have been finished with sufficient atten- tion. Liberality, which has been lately re- printed with the addition of a short introduftion ; was written to put jnany humane, but incautious persons on their guard, against the frequent arti- fices of very unworthy petitioners for pecuniary gssistc^nce : among the rest against those fashion- able mendicants, not unfrequently seen at Uath, >vho lay claim to the generosity of the public, some from the merit of having lived yery gen- teely ^bove the^r incomes, and some fiom hav- ing lived still more geji^eelly without any in-i comes at alj. ' The last of the pieces above enumerated, is a poetical tale which is founded on faft. The un-! fortunate damsel to which it relates, had been seduced by a military officer and was afterward deserted by him. Filled with jinguish, shame, and. remorse, not without «orne remains of love for, the destroyer of her innocence, she left her fa-, ther's house in search of her perfidious lover, and perished through fatigue and cold, in oue of the inclement nighty pf the severe winter of 1 794. Her story was published on this pccasion,- with the l^vidable view to set innocence on its guard, and to promote the cause of viitue. . .i , Mr. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 8} Mr. Anstey also, many years ago, wrote I very beautiful translation of Gray's elegy, in asso- ciation with another gentleiiianj and some much- iidrnired verses, addressed to a friend^ which not long ago appeared in the Bath-herald, may likfc-' wise. We believe, he attributed to his elegant pen. As a frequfcnt member of Lady Milifcr's cot^fieSj he has, tio doubt, been also & frequent con'tfibutor to her poetical vase.* ANSTEY, ARTHUR, ESQ. Of Lincoln's-inn. Barrister-at-law, and one of the sons of the subjefl: of the preceding arti- cle. He Was educated at Eton, and has fOr some years followed the profession of the law. In the year 1794, Mr. Anstey married the youngest daughter^ of the late Francis Peirson, Esq. of MoWthorpe Grange, in Yorkshire. He has pub- lished, book I. of - Th6 pleader's guide, a dida£lic poem, in' two books, containing the c6hdu£t of a suit at law. With the argtimejits of counsellor Bother'um * Wc: must here entei- olir protect against certain London book- sellers, ■who hive lately, in assoipiatioii, printed an edition of the New Bath Guide, in^a duodecimo volume, luitb plates. The vulgar- ity of the plates is such as to render them a gross insult upon the etegant hiind of the author, ' ' • , ; ^ F 3 aild 86 , LIVING ind counsellor Bore'um, in an a£lion betwixt John a-GuU and John a-Gudgeon, for assault and battery at a late contested ele£tion ; by the' late John Surrebutter, Esq. special pleader and barrister-at-law ; a pamphlet, . otlavo, i 1 796. This piece is written with much pleasantry, and every friend to wit. and good , sense, will wish for its completion. , It .gains Mr. Angtey a, title, which in this instance is highly honourable;, viz. a chip of the old block. ANSTICE, ROBERT. Of Bridgewater. An ingenious mechanic, althoLigh an inipcrfcft adept in abstra£t science and precise reasoning. Mr. Anstice has writ- ten, Remarks on the comparntiye advantages of wheel carriages of difFereiit stru£ture and draught, (with plates) ; a pamphlet, o£tavQ, 179Q. An enquiry into the laws of falling bodies ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1794. Ip the first of these treatises, the principles of construfting wheel-carriages are neatly and perspicuously investigated j and the advantages or disadvantages arising from different modes of constriiflion, pointed out with clearness and truth. The second, abounds in superficial dis- tinftions. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 87 tm"£lioris, or revivals of questions out of date; and must be pronounced a very indifferelht spe- cimen of those sound and enlightened metaphy-i sics, so much wanted toward the improvcmc4it of iiaturai philosophy. ANSTIE, JOHN, ESQ.' This geiitleman was sdme years ago, chair- man of the general meetingsqf the wool-commit- tee, on vvliich occasion he published. two pam- pblets on the subjeft of wool, written with re- markable' candour, though not distinguished for great strength of argument. They were entitled, A ' general view of the bill presented to par- liament, during the last session, for preventing the illicit exportation of wool and live sheep, &c. addressed to. the Marquis of Lansdovp.nj p6tayo, 1787- A leter addressed to Edward Phelips, Esq. member for the county of Somerset, containing general observations on the advantages of manu- fafturing the conibirig wool of England, which is smuggled to France, and cursory remarks on the evidence given by, the manufafturers to the com- mittee of the house of commons ; also a refuta- tion of ihe argument. adduced by the author of tjie mMi of o^multure, from an official paper of F 4 . Mons. 88 LI,VING Mons. Calonne, to shew the inconsiderable quasi- titles of British wool iiiiported into France j quarto, 1788. ANSTRUTHER, SIR JOHN, BART. Of Anstruther, in the kingdon^ ^f Scotland, author of a comprehensive' view of the TuUian husbandry, for which the agricultural public are much, indebted to him, entitled, , . Remarlys on ,the drill husbandry, by which the superior advantages of that mode of cultiva- tion are pointed out, and its profits ascertained from ^ftual experiments ; also a comparison of it with the most approved methods of broadcast hiigbandry ; ope volume, p£lavo, 1796. ANSTJRUTHER, SIR JOHN, KNT,' Chief-justice of the supreme court of judica- ture at .Bengal. This gentleman is a son of the late justice of the grand sessions, for the shires of Anglesey, Carnarvon, and Merioneth, in Wales. After being for some time a counsellor-at-law, he was appointed a king^s counsel, and afterward a Welsh judge. In the year 1797, he obtained the honour of kpighthood, and likewise his pre- sent ENGLISH AUTHORS. 6p sent appoirttment in India, with a large pension for life, after a residence of six years. There hai been published for him; The Speech of John Anstruther, Esq. M. P. at a very numerous court of proprietors of IndiA stock, Oftober 24, 1782 j a pamphlet, o£lavdi ^788.' ■ <\ • b ; It is wfeUkngwn that the Singular fate of Mri Hastings has been such, that his a£tions hav^ been viewed by the same men, in lights totally opposite at different times. The above-men- tioned speech is a n«rv6us defdiice of that ^ei?*- tlcman ; and as it has been justly observed, there is business in every lini. of it^ every word is hue. The editor of it asserts, that he did hot sele£t it six }'iears after its delivery, with a view to fetnark that Mr. Anstruther had been inconsistent ) yet it mUst be confessed, that the speech when con* trastcd with ^it gentleman's C0ndu£l in West- rainster-hall about the time of its pilblication^ af- fdi'ds a remarkable instance of the versatility of sentiment in political Mid, The' speech eontainsf the 'most warm and decided approbation of Mn Hastings' government in India j yet Mr. Anstru-» ther afterward found it convenient, to become a member of the coitnmittbe for maliaging the pro- secution against liim, ijind had a£tually the con- du61: of one oi^ the articles of impeachment en- trusted to bis care. This behaviour drew on him a severe 50 LIVING M severe and pointed castigatidn in the letters of Simkin the second, (vide Broome), where he is happily ridiculed under the name, plumboso * Mr. Anstrijther was also, dt one time, a f taunch adherent to the opposition, until the dis- gusting events of the revolution in France, afford- ed him an opportunity to desert his friends, and to become alarmist'^ a change in- which he found his reward. . : ; , , ANSTRUTHEK, ALEXANDER, ESQ, Of Lincoln's-inn. Barrister-:at-law'. - This gentleman has published. Reports of cases, argued and determine'd in the court of exchequer, (from Easter-term 32, George JII. to Irinity-tenn.g;, George III. both inclusive); three volumes, royal o£tavo, (Land II. in 1796, and III.. in 1797). Ou the completion of the third volume of this vseful work, Mr. Anstruthcr intimated to the public, his intention of relinquishing the further prosecution of it ; but wc ha\-e been credibly in- • Then follows Anstrulher, that weathercock elf. As a proof how a man may digscnt frpm himself i T'o tlie goivernor Hastings, his praiVe w?s profuse, Sljn Hastings ihe/r/i'a«r, he pours forth aLase. Lettkr I. formed ENGLISH AU^^^ORS. 9r formed that it will be continued by another hand. The cases reported by Mr. Anstruther are ably executed, and have put the profeision under an obligation to him, for engaging in an undertaking which had been neglefted from the year 1 755, when Bunbury's reports were published by Ser- jeant Wilson. APPLEGARTH, ROBERT. A convert from quakerism to the established church. Mr. Applegarth . wa* formerly, we be- lieve, a resident in the city of Salisbury. He had during fourteen years, gradually declined the meetings of the quakers, and frequented the pub- lic service of the church of England. At last, about the year 1787, he. was married according to the ritual of .that church, upon which he was disowned by his quondam brethren, and com- menced a member of it. Mr. Applegarth has written, A theological survey of the human under- standing ; intended as an antidote against mo- dern deism ; one volume, oftavo, 1776. An apology for the two ordinances of Jesus Christ, the holy communion and baptism ; a pam- phlet, o£tavo, 1789. A plea for the poor ; or remarks on the price of of provisions, and the peasant's labour, &c. ; a P'amphlet, oftavo, 1790. , ,; , i-,,,-. . . An essay concerning tithes,; as appertaining to the clergy of the church of England ; recom- poended.to the consideration of the people called quakers.;' a pamghletj o£tayo, 1791. - .^ 1 ' Rights for man ; or analytical striftures on the constitution of Great Britain and Ireland ; a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1792. The.' iirst!of these publications originally ap- peared anonymously, and Mr. Applegarth's name idras added to ihe title in'1779. ■ It is a mass of heterogeneous matter, whose , design is to esta- blish the dofitrine of divine. grace, communicated to the mind of man ; ,or the known principles of r-easqn .independently of a written revelation. The ja'pology seems to have been written as a proof of the author's conversion j and in the es- i9AY bti -tithes,' he exemplifies, that when a con- vert hsis^once turned his back on old connexions, lie ig^iiei:?illy ^recommends, himself to hia new friends, by a zealous opposition to the principles which'he has deserted. The plea and the iiiGHTs, are both written with a good design, but here, Mr-, Applegarth is terribly out of his element. '• ■ . . ■ . A p. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 9i APTHORPE, EASTi;l>.D. 1. . . ■ • ■. . -it ■■ ' Of the town of Cambridge. Pfebend,ckryofi. JFinsbury, in the fchufch of Sf. Paul. This gen- tleman, in his day a very distiiiguished divinej was educated at Jesus-college, Cambridge. He took the degree of B. A. in 1 7,55,' and distin^ guished himself as a dasslcal scholar.^ After this, he resided for some years in America'; \*as after-* ward made vicar of Croydon, in Surrey, and upon the death of Dr. Sclater, obtained the redory of St. Mary-le-Bow, London. . Having the misfor- tune' to lose his sight; (which he has recovered in only a very small degree), he. resigned those livings, and on the death of Dr. Wilson, bishop of Bristol, was collated to the above-mentioned prebend, and took up his residency in. tHe towtt of Cambridge ; where the exemplary attention- of a wife, who is as a pattern of conjugal fidelity and affeSiohi sensibly alleviates the' bitter Cala- mity he has lived to experience. Dr. Apthofpc^ is. among the number of Mr. Gibboti's attago- nists; and was many years ago ^ngagedj at the desire of Ai-chblshbp Seeker, in a cOhttoversy with Dr. Jonathan Mayhew, an American cler- gyman, respefting the charter and conduft of" t-lic society for the propagatisn of the gospel ia foreiga .54 LIVING foreign parts. This drew upon him the ridicule of the low-clMirch clergy, and of Dr. Francis BJackburne, archdeacon of Cleveland, and au- thor of the confessional. Dr. Apthorpe has pub- lished, , An answer to Dr. Mayhew's observations on the charter and conduS of the society for the propagation of the gospel in foreign parts j a pan>phlet, oftavo, 1763. A review of Dr. Mayhew's remarks on the answer to his observations on the charter and conduft of the society for the propagation of the gospel in foreign parts ; a pamphlet, oftavo, A sermon preached at Guildhall-chapel, Lon- don, on the ele£tion of a lord mayor, 29 Septem- ber, 1770; quarto, 1770. A fast-day sermon, written on the occasion of December 13^ 1776, being the day appointed for a public fast, on account of the troubles in Ame- rica; quarto, 1777, Letters on the prevalence of Christianity be- fore its civil establishment ; with observations on a late history of (he dedine of the Roman empire ; one volume, oftavo, 1778. The excellency of the liturgy of the church of England ; a sermon, preached at the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, on St« .Mark's day, 1778, pursuant to the will of Mr. John Hutchin, citi- zen ENGLISH AUTHORS. 95 zen of London. To which is annexed an ac- count of a catechetical lefture revived in that church J a pamphletj quarto, 1778. Two sermons 5 preached, I. at St. Bridget's church, before the Lord Mayor, and the gover- nors of tlie several hospitals, in Easter week, 1780. IL at St. Paul's, September 2, 1780, being the annual commemoration of the fire of Lon- don 5 a pamphlet, quarto, 1781. A s,ermon preached in Lambeth-chapel, at the consecration of Dr. S. Halifax, lord bishop of Gloucester, Oftober 28, 1781 ; quarto, 1782. Seleft devotions; (i) for families j (2) for particular persons ; (3) for the celebration of the holy eucharist ; a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1785. Discourses on prophecy, read in the chapel of Lincoln's-inn,. at the le£ture founded by the right reverend William Warburton, late lord bishop of Gloucester; two volumes oftavo, 1786. In the controversy with which Drl Apthorpe commenced his career as an author^ he approved himself an able and spirited champion for the so- ciety, of which he was a missionary.; and the zealous episcopalian had in many instances the advantage over the too-zealous presbyterian. His single sermons are in general highly sensible ; but there is sometimes an afFeftation in his style and manner which savours too much of vanity.. The SELECT DEVOTIONS are chiefly taken from the 96 LIVING the litiirgy of our church, and from two veryr pious treatises, published by bishop Patrick, en- titled (he devout christian, and the christian sacri- jice. In his letters on Christianity, Dr. Ap- thorpe discovers much erudition as well as good ?ense and piety. They are addressed to Dr. Backhouse, archdeacon of Canterbury, and con- tairv a brief view of the controversy concerning the truth of the christian religion j remarks on the study and use of history ; charafteristics of the past and present times ; and a discussion of the establishment of paganism : involving under the two last heads, a consideration of Mr, Gib- bon's objeftions. The Warburtonian lectures are evidently the produftion of a man of exten- sive reading, sound learning, and great erudi- tion ; who has handled his subjeft in a very mas- terly manner, and like a friend to truth. ARCHER, REV. JAMES. A clergyman of the Romish church, ceile-> brated as one of her most . eminent preachers. He has published Sermons on various moral and religious sub- je£l:s for all the Sundays of the year ; four vo- lumes duodecimo, 1788. Sermons ENGLISH AUTHORS. 97 Sermons for the principal festivals of the year j one volume, duodecimo.' These two sets of sermons, which have been favourably received, were incorporated in a se- cond edition, (1794), in five volumes, duodecimo, and we understand the author is preparing some additional volumes for the press. I ARCHER, CLEMENT, ESQ. M.R.I. A. Member of several medical institutions in Ireland, and a resident, we believe, of the city of Bath. Mr. Arsher has published. Miscellaneous observations on the effefts of oxygen on the animal and vegetable systems j illustrated by experiments and interspersed with chemical, physiological, pathological, and practi- cal remarks ; and an attempt to prove why some plants are evergreen, and others deciduous, in the climate of Great Britain and Ireland ; part I. j one volume, o£tavo, 1798. ARCHER, MRS. ANN. The maiden name of this lady was Sheldon, and she was formerly of considerable note in the pleasurable circles. She some years ago present- VoL. I. G ed 98 LIVING ed the public with her adventures; on which oc- casion she brought to viewj scenes calculated to excite at once pity and disgust. Her pubhca- tion is entitled Authentic and interesting memoirs of Miss. Ann Sheldon J four volumes, duodecimo, 1787. ARMSTRONG, FRANCIS, M. D. Of the town of Uppingham, in Rutland- shire, He has written. On the use of Matlock waters, (Duncan's med. comment, vol. 7, p. 242). An account of a newly invented beautiful green paint, lasting in the open air, and daily improving by the winds, sunshine, and rains ; a "pamphlet, quarto, 1783. An account of singular convulsive fits in three children of one family, (Duncan's med. com- ment, vol. 9, p. 317). Of the green paint, Dr. Armstrong is preparer. He asserts that it consists chiefly of a vegetable produftion, and after enumerating a great many good points about it, he gives. a list of the nobi- lity and gentry who liave made trial of it. ARM- ENGLISH AU'THORS. 59 ARMSTRONG, JOHN. A late student in the university of Edin- burgh. He has published. Juvenile poems, with remarks on poetry, and a dissertation on the best method of punishing and preventing crimes ; one volume, duodecimo, 1789. - The best apology which the author could make for obtruding this poor medley upon the public, is that it was written between the thir- teenth and eighteenth year of his age ! — How often must it be repeated, that it is the part of an artist, not of a student, to come before the public ? ARNOLD, THOMAS, M. D. Physician in the borough of Leicester; and fellow of the royal college of physicians, and royal medical society of Edinburgh. This gen- tleman has published. Observations on the nature, kinds, causes, and prevention of insanity, lunacy ot madness ; o£tavo, vols. L and II. 1782, 1786. A case of hydrophobia, commonly called ca- nine madness, from the bite of a mad dog, suc- cessfully treated j one volume j o£tavo, 1793- G a The 100 LIVING The first, of these publications goes far into its subjeft, and proves its author to be a man of extensive and accurate reading ; although it has been justly objefted to, as abounding too much in hypothetical and superfluous distinftions. The second, respefts the case of a girl ten years old, who, after being slightly bitten by a dog which was suspcfted to be mad, fell into a train of ner- vous symptoms, partly bodily, partly mental, commencing as early as the sixth day from the ;bite, and ending in one hundred d»ys with per- fect recovery. ARNOLD, SAMUEL^, JAMES, Son of Dr. Arnold, organist and composer to his majesty. A young man, we have been told, of promising talents. He has written, Tlie Creole, or haunted island, (a novel); throe volumes, duodecimo, 1796., Auld Robin Gray, (a musical entertainment). The shipwreck, (ditto); duodecimo, 1797. The Irish legacy, (ditto). The CREOLE, in which some pieces of poe= try .of considerable merit are intro duced, is in- tended to shew how much more we ought to place a reliance on the knowledge of morality . and religion than on ignorance^ for the preserva- tion ENGLISH AUTHORS. loi tion of innocence, or for advancing the interests of virtue. The »«^«e canor/e, though assisted with the music of Dr. Arnold, have experienced a very indifferent success. ARNOLD, R. Of the manor-house, Chiswick. Writing- master and mathematician. He has pubUshed a useful compendium, entitled. The arithmetical preceptor, or praftical as- sistant, being a compendium of arithmetic, and a complete exercise book ; one volume, duo- decimo, 1792- ARTHUR, REV. MICHAEL. Minister of the gospel at Edinburgh. He has published. An exposition, critical, doftrinal and privfti- cal, of the assembly's shorter catechism ; deliver- ed in a series of sabbath-evening leftures \ vol. L o£tavo, 1789. This work, we understand, is to be comple- ted in three volumes. Many sensible and serious reflcftions, as well as some high calvinistic flights, occur in the discussions contained in the first G 3 volume; loa LIVING volume ; but the author's liberality of sentiment, in regard to those who differ from him, is conspi- cuous and highly praise-worthy. ARTHY, ELLIOT, ESQ. Surgeon in the W^st-India service, and au- thor of a volume w^hich is entitled. The seaman's medical advocate; an attempt to shew that five thousand seamen are annually, during war, lost to the nation in the West-Indies, through the yellow fever and other diseases, from causes which it is conceived, are chiefly to be obviated; 1798. ST. ASAPH, BISHOP OF.^SeeBagot. ASH, EDWARD, M.D. Of Holies-street, Cavendish-square. Nephew to the late Dr. John Ash, We introduce the name of this ingenious gentleman into the present work, as having understood him to have been a principal contributor to the speculator, a pe^ riodical paper which was published in weekly numbers, in oflavo ; and of which a volume, 1 consistinfj ENGLISH AUTHORS. ' 103 consisting of twenty-six papers, was completed in 1790. These papers contain some good dis- cussions upon German literature j as well as some more lively subjefts. They are in general amxi- sing, though not particularly distinguished for that elegance which is generally expe6led in compositions of this description. ASHBURNHAM. WILLIAM, JUN. ESQ. This gentleman, we believe, is grandson to the late Sir William Ashburnham, bishop of Chichester. He has written. The restoration of the Jews, a poem ; a pam- phlet, quarto, 17.94. Elegiac sonnets and other poems ; a pam- phlet, quarto, 1795. The former of these pieces was designed to :be a candidate for the Seatonian prize in the uni- versity of Cambridge, in the year 1794; but •the author found that the circumstances of hig iiot' being a master of ^ris of the university, dis- qualified him for the contest. The prize was that year adjudged to the Reverend Francis Wrangham, whose poem, (vide that name) was published according to the corlditions of the in- stitution. Mr. Wrangham's performance cer- tainly displays deeper reading than that of Mr. G 4 Ash- 104 LIVING Ashburnham, but wc think it inferior to it in poetical excellence. The smooth and harmo- nious versification of the sonnets is adorned with glowing imagery and a profusion of meta- phor ; which are usually made the vehicles of plaintive and pathetic sentiments. ASHDOWNE, WILLIAM. For some years a resident in the city of Can- terbury. He has written. An essay explaining Jesus' true meaning in his parables, from the occasion of his speaking,, and the application of them ; a pamphlet, oc- tavo,! 780 . The unitarian, arian, and trinitarian opinion respe6ting Christ, examined and tried by scrip- ture evidence akne ; a pamphlet, octavo, 1789. An attempt to shew that the opinion con- cerning the Devil or Satan, as a fallen angel, and that he tempts men to sin, hath no real foun- dation in scripture; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1791. Mr. Ashdowne appears by these pami)hlcts, to be a modest and candid disputant, who, in- stead of contending for vidtory, enquires after truth ; but his manner is in general desultory, negligent and unsatisfactory. In his second pub- lication. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 105 Ijcation, the result of his enquiry is in favour of unitarian principles. ASHMORE, THOMAS, ESQ. , A merchant of the city of London^ He many years ago, published a pamphlet on bank annui~ ties, of great utility to those who wished to know, when and how the several funds were first esta- blished, what changes they had since undergone, and what sum was their separate or whole amount. It was entitled, An analysis of the several bank annuities, from the first year of their creation down to the present time, with references to the different a61s passed relative thereto ; quarto, 1774. ASTLE, THOMAS, ESQ. F. R.A.S. TRUST. BRIT. MUS. F. R. S. E. REG. SCIliNT. SOC. ISLAND. SOC. ANTIQ. CASSEL. ET SOC. VOLSCORUM VELITRIS SOD. HONOR. Keeper of the records in the tower of Lon- don, and one of the commissioners of the secre- tary of state's office for the war department. A gentleman well known for his extensive and ac- curate lO ^ LIVING curate acquaintance with the history' and anti- quities of this country. Mr. Astle is a native of Staffordshire. From hjs youth he discovered a taste for JiteJature, and was originally destined to the study of the law. In the year 1761, he was elefted a fellow of the society of antiqua- ries, and two years afterward' obtained the pa- tronage of Mr. Grenvillej theii first lord of the treasury and chancellor of' the exchequer, who employed him as well in his public as private affairs, and joined him in a commission with the late Sir Joseph Ayloffe, Bart, and Dr. Ducarel, •for superintending the regulation of the public records at Westminster. In the year 1765, Mr. Astle married tlie only daughter and heir of the Reverend Mr. Morant, author of the history of Essex ; and was in this year appointed to the of- fice of- receiver-general of the sixpence in the pound on the civil list. In 1766, he was admit- ted a fellow of the royal society, and was con- sulted by the committee of the house of peers, concerning tbe printing of the ancient records oi parliament. To the superintendence of this work he introduced his father-in-law, and on the death of Mr. Morant in 1770, was appointed by the house of peers to carry on the work, a ser- vice in which he was employed till its comple- tion, fiv<: years afterward. Mr. Astle was then appointed his majesty's chief clerk in the record- office. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 107 office, in the tower of London, a place vacated by the death of Henry Rooke, Esq. and on the - death of the Right Hon. Sir John Shelly, Bart, in 1783, he obtained the office of keeper of the re- cords in his room. Mr. Astle has been several times on the continent in literary pursuits. His mahuscript library, is said to be better than tliat of any private gentleman in England ; and its li- beral utility to men of science, their acknow- ledgements abundantly testify. Mr. Astlc has published. The will * of king Henry VII. ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1775. The origin and progress of writing, as well hieroglyphic as elementary, illustrated by engra- vings taken from marbles, manuscripts and chSr-' ters, ancient and modern : also some account of the origin and progress of printing ; one volume, quarto, 1784. An account of the events' produced in Eng- land by the grant of the kingdom of Sicily, from Pope Innocent IV. to Prinqe Edmilnd, second son of King Henry III. (archajologia, vol. 4. p, 195)- - - ^ On the radical letters of the Pelasgians and their derivation, (ibid. 7, p. 348). • The will of King Alfred, though deposited in the M. S. K- brary of Mr. Astle, was edited by Mr. Htrbert Croft, when it wa« published in 1788. * Beside loS LIVING I Beside these, Mr. Astle is supposed \o liavc written several small trafts. He ha? also coi>tri- biitcd several very 'ingenious dissertation?, Jip, the archeologia of the society of antiquaj-^es, ,pnd to tjieir book of prints, since the period qf those above enumerated. ,. ,,,. To the will of king Henry, is prefixed a pre- face, wherein the charafter of that ^oyerejgn is delineated with ability and precision,i and seve- ral curious circumstances relative to his reign re- corded. The chief importance of the learned and useful volume on the origin and progress of writing, has a reference to the diplomatic science, a subjeft which has been too little attended to in this country. It is by this science that we are enabled to judge of the age and authenticity of charters, records, and ancient historical monu- ments : it calls our attention to \hc archives of a nation ; and these include the writings or deeds which illustrate the power of sovereigns, the conventions of states, the general privileges of a nation, the exclusive rights of nobility and incor- porated bodies, the authority and prerogatives of nerful|jr fascinating subjeft, ^he enthusiastic and, liappy prose descriptiop, given, by Dr. Smith in his history of the county Qlf Jvcrry, i^ psrbaps as. yet unrivalled. In the yeac I7,7,a, Mr. John Le^ljie afep. publi^^hed a poer^ on the su.lpje£t of this deli^ghtful lake, the wondei? $nd boa^t of Ireland. His poem w^, think supe? XiQX to that of Mr. Atkinson. Both, writers have done themselves credit, though both have failed in doing justice to the scenery of I^illa/ney, — a sceruery which, as all agree, would baffle any ppwers of desci;iptioij. ATLAY, JOSEPH, , Th^ author pf a useful boojf , ^ntitl^d, , . The dis|til]er'§ vadermepum ^ being a cpn;(- plete set of tables, exhibiting at one view tfe? cxadt weight of spirituous liquors j from the lowest quality to alcohol, for any number of gal- 1-. i.. . Jit is a work, of eminent utility, and the modt complete catalogue of books, published within that pe- riod of time, that ever has been, and we may safely say, ever will be, printed. Mr. Ayscough has also compiled a very extensive and useful ^dex to Shakspeare, for Stockdale's edition^ EA- 124 Living B BABINGTON, WILLIAM, M.D. X^ ORMERLY apothecary to Giiy's-hospital ; and at present assistant physician and lefturer on the theory and praftice of medicine, on chemi- stry, and on therapeutics and materia medica at that hospital. Mr. Babington has published, A case of hydrophobia, (med. communica- tions, vol. L p. 215). , A systematic arrangement of minerals, found- ed on the joint considera!tion of their chemical, physical, and external charaQers ; reduced to the form of tables and exhibiting the analysis of such species as have hitherto been made the subje£t of cxpcrinicnl ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1795. In these useful tables, Mr. Babingtoii's ge- neral plan differs but little from that followed by Baron Born, with respttl to Miss Raab's col- lection : he has added the analysis of species so far as they are known, in imitation of M. JCarsten. BACON, ENGLISH AUTHORS. J25 BACON, JOHN, ESQ. F.A.S. Sonior clerk, and- receiver at the first-fruits ofiice. He has published. Liber regis, vel thesaurus rerum ecclesiasti- carum ; with an appendix, containing proper di- reftions and precedents relating to presentations, institutions, induftions, dispensations, &c. j one volume, quartbi 1786. This useful work, an improvement on Ec- ton's thesaurus ecclesiasticus, contains the returns made by the commissioners, appointed by king Henry VIII. for making a survey of the eccle- siastical benefices throughout the realm : toge- ther vs^ith other matters relating tb the benefices, which are necessary for the information of the clergy. BADINI, FRANCIS, CHARLES. A native of Alba, the capital of the lower Montserrat, in the dominions of the king of Sar- dinia, He is descended from a very respeftable family ; his father being prafeSlus urbis, or chief magistrate' of the place at the time of his birth ; and his mother, a daughter of the famous Count de Gregory de Marcorengo, who possessed for some xafi LIVING some time, the favour of Charles Emanuel, and died superinliendant-general of the finances at Turin. Seignior Badini was born to a very hand- some fortune ; but he contrived to dissipate it, and at last reduced himself to great distress. At a very early period of his life, he wrote a iijost icandalous poem of an atheistical tendency, which gave SQ muqh offence' to the king pi; Sardinia, as well as to ail of his ov/n relations and friends* that he was obliged to abandon his native place. He sought upon this occasion, a retreat in Paris, where he resided for some time with the cele- brated M. d'Alembejt, and published several light pieces in French and Latin. That gentle- man recommended him to the king of Prussia,, as poet of his majesty'^ Italian theatre at Berlini but Badini preferring England, repaired hither, and has gained a moderate livelihood by writing operas for the king's theatre in the Haymar- ket. His produ£tions of this description are nu- merous J and some of them have been performed both in England and in his native country with applause. Some years ago, when he was re- duced to great extremities, and confined in the king's-bench prison, having wearied all his.friends with applications for temporary aid, he was driven to the curious expedient of trying what he could procure from them for Badini dead, when Badini alive could not extort another sixpence i and ENGLISH AUTHORS. 12^ and he aftually raised by subscription a sum for, the expence of his burial, sufficient to obtain hit enlargement from prison. In the year 1782, Seignior Badini received a very liberal offer from his sovereign, to return to Sardinia j which he declined. About that time he was the editor of the newspaper calJed the morning post, an ofRce which he did not long maintain. His publications in our language have been. The. flames of Newgate, or the new ministryi (inverse); a pamphlet, quartO) 178a. Ode on the birth-day of his majesty, George III. ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1791. These pieces abundantly discover their ai*- thor's ill-judged presumption, in deviating froni his native trafil. The first is dull, tedious, non- sensical, and profane/ The last, ridiculous beyond description : his majesty is converted into Ju- piterj Mr. Pitt into Minerva, and poor Petdr Pindar into Ravaillac ! ^ BAGNAL, REV. GIBBONS, M. A. Vicar of Home-Lacy, in the county of He- jyjford. He was made master of the free-school of Hereford about forty years ago ; obtained a a prebend in the cathedral of Hereford in the u year 12& LIVING year -1767 ; and in 1783, was granted a dispen- sation for holding the vicarage of iJellack, in Herefoidshiie, together with that of Home- Lacy. Mr. Bagnal has published, ' . A new translation of Telemachus, in English verse ; No. I. duod»rt;imo, 1756; (completed, and reprinted in two volumes, ottavo, 1791). A sermon, preached in the cathedral church of Hereford, at the anniversary meeting of the three choirs of Worcester, Gloucester and Here- ford, September 15, 1762. ' Education, an essay (inverse); a pamphlet, quarto, 17^5. Being of the same opinion with the Chevalier Ramsay and others, viz. that archbishop Fene- lon's Telemachus is a poem, and only wanting in numbers to make it a complete epic, Mr. Bagnal was induced to give it \\it improvement, which he thought it would derive from harmony; y.et what we admire in Fenelon, is surely that language which has been happily enough deno- minated by Voltaire, a cadenced prose ; and if the archbishop be tedious in his descriptions, which the best judges allow he is, we cannot expe£lt to see that fault reftificd in the circumlocution of rhyme. The present attempt, although a work of five and thirty years, has not been peculiarly approved. BAGOT, ENCLfSil 'AOtHORS. 'ii§ UAGOT, kT. REV. LEWIS> L.L.D. Lord bishop 6f St. Asaph, -afchdteacon of St*' Asaph, and brother to the late Lord Bagat. His lordship Was dean -of Christ'churth> Oxford> Was promoted to the see of Bristol, in 1782, translated to that of Norwich in 17S3, and from thence translated to the see of St. Asaph, upon the death of Dr. Hallifax in 1 790. Dn Bagqt's publication^ have bdertj A sermon, preached at St. Mary*s, Oxfbrd> July I, 1779, on the ahniverSary meeting of the governors of the RadclifFe infirmary j quart6>" 1779. Twelve discourses tn the prophecies, con- ccrnirig the first establishmeilt and subsequent history of Christianity, (preached at Warburton's lefture in Lincoln 's-inn-chapel) ; one Volume, otlavo, 1780. A letter to the Reverend William Sell, D. D. prebendary of St, Peter's, Westminstei', oh the subjefl: of his late publications upon the autho* rity, nature -and design of the Lord's^supper j d. pamphlet, Oftavo, 178 1. ■ A sermon) preached before the Lords spi* ritual and temporal, in the abbey-church, West^ • mihsterj jamiary 30, 1 783, (as bishop of Bristol)^ quarto, 1783. ^Voi.. L J[ m »39 LIVl|\fG. His lordship's Warburtonjan leftures Tiave been branded as too calvinistical ; and as con- taining strifilures too severe on tjie writings of Mr. Locke. His single sermons arc elegant compp^jtiqn^ J but his letter to^ D^,. ^ell, is an attjip^ upoo the authpf, rather thaoiupon his dqc^ trinq. ,, Jn pqljfical £^s ^vell as relig.i,pj.is.sentJiTients, his IqrdjShijr <^ifl[ers ;yidcly frqiift : hjs. penultimatt? p]: physip.ian tp, St. ^corge's-hospital, a/id lefturcr in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and surgery, in associatiqjj, with Mr. Cruikshank;, at the the- atre of anatoroy, Great Windmill-street. This genilpiTian \yas appqipted, trustee of the museum, of tlip Ijite p.r. W(illiani Hunter. Hc'is justly ce- lebrated as a very elegant Icdiuror, and has writ- ten, i ■ Arf, accqunt.qf a remarkablejtrJ\jispqsition of the viscem, ,(phij. transaO;. 1788, p.'35Pi aiid London med, joum. yo!. x. p. 2). An account of a particular change of struc- ture iti th^ hvtn^^" ov.nrium, (ibid. 1789, p. 71, andr.vql. 3^. p. 3). . ,,, TTh?. morbid anatomy of same of the most important parts of the human bodyj.; ou^ vo- feisr'GLi'SH Auf HbM .^34 lufhe, oQavo, 1793, (greatly enlarged in t se- 'cond edition). ' ,' . ^, ^ An appendix to the first edition of" the mor- bid anatomy of some of the most im{)ortant parts oiF tlie human body j a pampbletj o£i:avb, 1798. In his volume on morbid anatomy. Dr. Baillie i^ives a view of morbid appearances only, with- out any attempt to conneft them With cases of diSe&se : and one great 6bje£l of his work is to tracS more minuttely than has hitherto been done^ the progressive effefts of morbid a£lion, in chang- ing the strufture of the most important parts of the body. His work is highly interesting both in its nature and execution. The appendix was published for the sake pf purchasers of the first edition of this workj the second edition having undergone considerable enlargement. Dr. Baillie has likewise written a paper on the sub- jeft of morbid, anatomy, as well as several other papers in the iransaHiens of the society for medi- cal and chirurgical knowledge-. feAlLLlJ^i THOMASj ESQ. tSlerk of the deliveries in the civil branch of the office of ordnance at the tower of London; 'This gentlemanj a respeftable naval officer, was hiany years ago appointed lieutenant-governor iof Greehwich-hdspital. While in 'this fiituation* . 1 2 he i2Z LIVING r ■: , . .\ I.:, he endeavoured to reform, the abuses in that no-, ble establisliment j but was opposed and perse- cuted by the l&tc Earl of Sandwich, and found the hand of power so strong that he was com- pelled to quit a well-earned station, acquired by honourable services. Several unauthenticated pamphlets having been distributed, which inju- libusly reflected on his charafter and condudt ? and several prosecutions against him for a sup- posed libel, having been misrepresented, or but little understood, he published, ' A solemn appeal to the public, from an in- jured officer. Captain Baillie, late lieutenant-go- vernor of the royal hospital for seamen, at Green- wich ; arising out of a series of authenticated proceedings in the court of king's-bench, on six. prosecutions against him, for publishing certain libels, ' (as it was aljedged), in a printed book, entitled, i'he case and memorial of Greenwich-hos - fUal, addressed to the general-governors in behalf of disabled seamen, widows, and children ; and the evi- ■ dence given on the subsequent enquiry at the bar of rhe house of lords, in consequence of the several prosecutions being discharged wdth costs; one volume, folio, 1779. This APPEAL was dedicated to tlie Duk.<: of Richmond and other noble persons, who, during the tedious and intricate enquiry into the manage-', ment of Greenwich-hospital, stood forth the sea- mens' protcflors, and with great zeal and abjli- ties ENGLISH AUTHORS. 1^3^ t!es- pleaded, though in Vain, the caiise of the a^e^ "and oppressed.* ' Wheh his grJice cdiiie to' tlie head of the board of ordnance, he protured for' Gapthiri Baillie the office which he at pre- sent enjbys. BAKER, SIR GEORGE, BART. M.D. F.R.A.S, i ' ' Physician to his majesty and to her liiajesty,' Tellow and late president of the royal college of physicians, and fe]lo\v of the medical society at Paris. A gentleman distinguished for his deep and extensive classical knowledge, as well as for his great professional iakhts. He was educated' at Eton and King's-college, Cambridge ; became a fellow of the latter society and was created a baronet in the year iTj^.' Dr. Baker has writ- ten several tra€ls of distinguished merit, con- ne£led with the subjeft of physic ; some of them, writte'h in the "Latin langliage, have been cele- brate^diforthe remarkable purity of their latinity. The list of mem' is as fpUbVvs, viz. ' De irfFeftibus animi et morbis inde oriundifi dissertatio habita Cantabrigiae in scholis publicls 3^ kalerid. Februarias,'i755'; a'j)amphlet, quartOj, ; ■ ! •:■'. \v,r ) if ■ . ." ; '■ , ' • ppiriio)is Ujffer howcvqrj on tlie subjeft of this butinefs. ' • '■' -i'^- -'i •• ■ .OratIheci.t<-e pf tbe.,Gqlleg9.o(iphysipians, in J^ofldqn^ ji^lio ,^pth, 1,7,^7, (uiefj, „t;i-fin§aa. vol. I. p. 175 ^n^ 469. ^ Also, printed ^eparj^tely). ., Ppu^cpla ijiedica, ,jterpn),^e^ita, (a;rfpul:|li« cfi^ipn <^f the three {^}-st-^i)ieiiti9ped tr^£t§) ■, one y(^jHi|qe^ oftavp, 1771. ■ ,,, ,. ;, .•, .j , . 4-1i^ '5?f^P?J!Pptip;i pf spye):^l,nieaps,li)y,;w)ijch tl^e ppisop pf lead rpay^ be ^upppsejj/req^iently;. to' gain admittance inito \h^ human }5odjf.,i}nob- s,frvec| 510^ unsuspe£\e,d, (^^^pd, tT&flSi^£i. ypl- 1. ^i.n-f^l^...^^??^?*; f9=^3y4 f? !]jstpr\cal aqcpi^nt of the colic of Poitou, (ibid. vol. I. p. 319). An examination of rhe several causes to which the colic of4'oi4ou has-been attributed, (ibid. vol. \',2: 3H> vol' ^I^- P- f>})' ^'Q5 ENGLISH AUTHORS. >*' Flos cardamines, recommended to the trial of physiciana as an antispasmodic rernedy, (ibid, vol. I. p. 442). Several extraordinary instances of the, cure of the dropsy,, (ipidi voL IL' p. 235). , . ,_, , Observations on the modern method pf ino7 ciilatiiig the small-pox, (ibid^ vol. 11. p. 275). , An account or a sm^ular disease, which pre-; vailea afnohgaSme poor children, maintained by. the parish oF St, James, in Westminster, (ibjid." vol. Ill, p. 113)- , dBservatibhs on the late intermittent fevers ; \vith a hisf dry of the Peruvian bark, ( ibicf . vol, III. p. 1*41). Observations on Erasmus Darvvin's account of the iise or foxglove in sonie dropsies, and in. the pulmotiafy consumption, (ibid. vol. III. p. 287). . A"s(;quel to the case' of TThprhas Wood of Sillentayj' in {tie c6unty oi Essex, ( ibid. vol. lit. p. looi., , The tract concerning inoculation, produced two letters from Dr. Glass on ihe same subjeft, wiilch. were addressed to Dr. Baker: and the, essay o'ii' tnV Devonshire colic occasioned ^a con- troversy oil the subject with Mr. Francis Geach, a surgeon o'f Plymouth, and the late Reverend Thomas Alcbclt, at th^t time of the same place j in which Dr. Saunders bore a part on- the side of Sir G?qrge Baker. 1 4 BAKER, >, LIVING \ ■ ,.'■)■■:, 1. .' .; BAKER, RICHARD, D. D. ' Reftdr' of Cawston, in Norfqlk. This gen,-, tleman was educated ' at 'Pembroke-hall, Cam- Ibridge. He took the . degree of B. A. in that university in the year 1762,, afterward became a fellow of' the above-mpntioned society, and was presented by it to the living which he at present holds. Dn Baker has published, Hqw the knowledge of salvation is attain- able ; a sermon; preached at the arch-deacon's visitation at'Aylsham, in" Norfolk, ' April 12, 1779; quarto, 1782. ., ." ' , ' ^ The harmony or agreerheiit of the four evan- gelists, in their several relations of the life and doftrine of Tesus Christ; translated from the' 6riginal text, with notes explanatoiy. ahd pra£li- Cal,' and chiefly intended for the' use, of the un- learned and the poor.j parts, I. II. lit. IV. oc- tayo, 1783—1787. , ^^. , ■' The last of these is a! performance of peculiar utility, and does gr^at credit to the laudable in- tentidh" of its author.. In the translation he has principally followed Dr. Doddridge- and in thft arrangement of the harmony, Mr. Jebb. / BAKER, ENGLISH- AUTHORS. ^jy ' I.;- , h:::l: •'..■' | : , BAKER,. REV. GEORpE,;,M. A. . ' •' ■..,.; ':'■■:: ■ :,'.:.: .'J\ ■' . i"; i "I Of the kingdom of Ireland. This gentleman has lately introduced himself to the public as an au- thor, in the character of a tranflator of Livy, Ihree English 'translations of that valuable Roman his- tory had appeared previously to his publication, yhe first, a folio, by Philemon Holland, in 1600: the second, anonyraqus, and also in folio, printecl in 1686:, the, third, which is commonly called^ Hayes' t^ranslation, ,is dedicated to Admiral Ver- non ; fbut the dedication is signed by his hutiible, servants J the translators, and the name of Hayes no where appears ; it is printed in six o£tavb, and likewise in six duodecimo volumes,and bears date,. 1744. The fourth translator, the subjeft of the present article, appears from his performance to be distinguished rather for a juft comprehension of. his author, than for great powers and command in his own language. How necessary the latter accOriiplishment must^ be for the completely-suc- cessful execution of such a task, no classical scholar need be told. • The work of Mr. Baker, if allovved to be respeftable upon the whole, must be pronounced to be frequently too difFu- §ive, incorreftj inelegant, and without taste ; and Jiastly, ,to ,be aq incompetent rival of what is, ■ ,- commonly commonly called Hayes' translation. The work was published under the title, The history 'oi Rom6, by Titus Liviufe, trans- lated from the original, with notes and illustra- tlbhS; six volumes, oftavo, 1797. ' ' feAKER, S. :3 ■ ^' Authoj^ ' of' a com pilati6n>' 'which will provfe feerteficial to' thrtse who miy wish toperiise aii i(icount of Ttiikish mahners, diveste'd of the'ei-i tranediis' inaltter which Liady M.'W;M6nta^ue^ &VJd tlie 'Bulc^ri de Tott, haVe Intrb'diiti^d ' intrt thfeif Entertaining travels. It is entitled, ' ' i Musleirti&ri Adeti, br 'a' description of the; jnannfers and customs of the Turks ; with a sketch of their literature ; a pamphleti' oftavo', ' 1 796. -n Mr.- Baker purposes, we understand, to pubJ ^ah a Turkish vocabulary. ■ I.J, :,. i V BALDWIN, THOMAS, ESQ. M.A. ]; .... ' , - - : c Of' Stl Helens, Lanckshire.' This' ^eritlema'n," a' most ingenious- aei'ohdiit, . hris published', Airopaidiaj eontairiifyg the narrativfe of a bal- Jbon-eXGursibn from Chester, the 8th of Septem- ber, 178^-, taken ftom minutes made during the* i voyage j ENGLISH lATJTHORS. t^f voyaga ; Jiints on >tlieIitnpl"ovemeht' of balloons] ?jiel mode; of ihflbtion by steam. jmeahs to tpre* vent th^ir descent ovot! water; 6c'ca&ibndl.'en'(i[ul> , ries 'into the state-jof the ^tniosphere, favouring theititiilreSUoli i wlthf.Vtgtaaug philosopiial bbseri vatioos 'aiidi ;conjd6tilres;i on^/voliimef, oQdV©^ Jjr8'6; :' :.li'i! /;..., ! "■■■ .^i' .: -' ' M , ;.TWis narrativejis ibyi'fiir the most pbilosophi-i caU'tb«i;ijiost elegant J and the moW- agreeable of the celestial voyages which were' cotriniitted to» pruit. ■ There iis k grebtvdeal of raptul"ej and some ?ifFeftati,onI,(li|i'the stile apd Inanner of wri* ting} but .what? indulgence of this kitid \k not d Ue to an feutbor jkit\jiroft down from the ikies^ ,• ■ ,■ !•..:;! -\ ,< ■„•• ;, ,: 1 ,w<, [ ' -•!) ■' ' /l.rvi f ''li ■ 7 ■' ;■ BALDVVYN, REY., EDWARD. .,■';■ i ■ I .'.'''<■ ' ■■': ' "':' ■ , A gentleman' of the chUrth establisbmentV foj-pprly ifesidervt in Yorkshire, and at present, we- beljieye, of Ludlowi in the c6unty of Salop. He was educatefl at Jesus'-coUege,;. Oxford,' ^nd. was for. some time felbw of that soqiety. ''Mr, Baldw^ii wfts ;engaged a feipv- yeai-s ago in a litei rftry squabble with certain Yorkshire clergymen of al lii'ethodistical cast, and fjlayed'ofFthe artillery of hi$ witj' rijdi^tulei invefitive, and darcaitic ani- roesiliyjiVvfUt great success in several vje'rse and • prose Ha / LIVING prose; pamphlets under the signatuiiei -Trim} particularly upon the Reverehd Mr.' Crosse, vicaiJ of Bradford. These pieces' were entitled,! ^ ' • u!A critique on the poetical >essays of the Revt* rend William Atkinson, MJAv fellow of Jesils'-i follege, Cambridge r tp; which, is added an- 'ap- pendix, containing Trim's letters to Mr. Atfeiii^ spn.i.accpmpanicd twith 4 narrative, audi Illus- trated witl^.notes.and obscrVatfoiisj a pam^lilbt; sri)aU.P.£taviP,..J7.87. .'..'u,/ ;::;si ■;■■' ' '' 'i^' -■'"f^ i , i;JFiartheYu:reraarks on,.twp of the most singular chara£lerSiof the age ; la pamphlet, oftavo, r^Sj). ;..,.iA letter, toi the ■autl\o'rjlofi remarks on tv)p}vf the jahit. ibigulak\chara£f.ers.of the age ; by the*. Re- verend John Crosse, vicar of Bradford in the county of Yo\k : with a reply by the /or»«fr 3 a pamplilelE,/o£lavoJ 15190; ' Remarks on the oaths, declarations and con- (Jlift of .Johnson Atkinson Busfteld, Esq. one of ills majesty's justices for the west-riding of the cqunty of York. To which is added an oUa po- drida.j a pamphlet, oftavo, 179I1. ■><- > .1' A jcon'gratulatovy address to the Reverend John ..Crosse,, vicar of Bradford, on the prpspeft 61 his .recovery:: from a dangerous disease, to a' state. of spirituarhealth and salvation. To which' if added, a letter to the Reverend James Wood, of Leeds, an eloge to the memory of John Wes- ley, ENGLISH AVT^HORS. 14^ ley, .and an address to the . inhabitants, of Brad- ford ; with diverting incidents, , anecdotes, bons^ mots,&c. apamphIet,o£layo, 1791... : ; , BALFOUR, FRANCIS, M.D. . S.R.M. E.S.H. , ' Of the city of Edinburgh. Formerly a phy-. sician at Calcutta. He has published, . ■ Dissertatio de gonorrhoea virulenta ; quarto^. Edinb. 1767. A treatise on the influence of the moon ia fevers ; a pamphlet, oftavo, Calcutta, 1784, (and London, 1786). The forms of Herkern: correfted from a va- riety of manuscripts, supplied with the distin-; guishing marks of construftion, and translated into English, with an index of Arabic words, ex- , plained and arranged by their proper roots j one volume, quarto, Calcutta, 1785. A treatise on jsutrid, intestinal, remitting fe- vers, in which the laws of the febrile state and sol-lunar influence being investigated and de- fined, are applied to explain the. nature of the various forms, crises, and other phenomena of} these fevers j and thence is deduced and insti- tuted an improved method of curing them j one; -volume, oQavo, 1790. During Ui ■■■' LrVlJfCy During^' the interval betvveen his first iahd s'i- cond publication on' the subjefl of fcveis, Dn Balfour had se^n reason nbt only- to be' confirmed in his first opinion concerning the influence of the moon, but to include likewise the influence ot the solar revolutions j and in the latter, he threw his do£trine into a regular form of axioms, pro- blems and theorems. His clinical observationsj •whicb appear to have been made at Calcutta, are no doubt sufficiently accurate; but his hypo- thesis, -though supported with ingenuity, is sure- ly fanciful, rather than well-founded. The third publication" is a very valuable performance to the learners' of the Persian language, and to the cu- rious in Eastern literature. It is an edition of a work which is held in high estimation by the teachers of that language, and which is put into the hands of every beginner ; being more imme^^ diately useful to strangers, as it relates to the common forms of business and correspondence. BALLIN, MISS. Authress of an anonymous publication, en* titled. The statue-room, an historical tale ; two vo- lumes, small oftavo, 1 790. It is an ill-written, miserable compilation, consisting ENGLISH AUTHORS. US consisting of a group of, crowns, and' coronets which flu£luate in glittering confusion on our. sight, without a purpose, and without a meaning* BALMANNO, JOHN,. ESQ. ■ Of Lincoln's-inn, Barrister-at-law. This' gentleman edited the second edition of Sir Wil- liam Jenes' ingenious and valuable essay on the law of bailments, (an b£lavo volume, 1798). He added some introduftory remarks, containing much curious information, and notes, which com- prise the most modern authorities, ' but which are in general of a miscellaneous rather than of a praftical description. Mr. Balmanno was also a contributor to the Mographital magazine, BANCROFT, EDWARD, M-.D. F.R.S. Of Francis-street, Tottenham-court road. Tliis gentleman many years ago resided in Ame- ripa» He has written. An essay on the natural history of Guiana^ in South America ; one volume, oftavo, 1769. The history of Charles Wentworth, Esq. in a sejfjes of letters ; interspersed with a variety of important refleftions, calculated to improve mo- rality. ?44 ' LIVING : rality and'promote the oeconomy of human ilfc>' tliieeivolumesj duod^ciirio, 1770. .^..Experimental. researches, concerning ihc plii- losophy of permanent colours ; and the best means of producing tliem, by dying, callico* printing, &c." vplumfe f, ofciavo, 1794^ The first of these, a very ingenious and en- tertaining work, contains a description of infiuy ciirious produftions in the animal and vegetable ^sterns of the country to which it relates ; togC" gether. with .accounts of the religion, manners and" customs of several tribes of its Indian inha- bitants, interspersed with a variety of literary sfid medical . observations. Of the second pub- lication, a part is founded on -incidents of real life ; and the whole is much more replete with good sense and nature, thfin novels commonly are. The subjeft of the last publication was Dr. ' Bancroft's principal occupation during five and tweiity years, and he performed in that time mariy thousands of experiments. A second volume, which is to be expe61:ed very soon, will complete the plan ; and as the do£lor purposes to dedicate the remainder of his life to the study of the art > of) dying, he cherishes the hope that future dis- coveries, will enable him'to publish another sup- • ple'mentary volume. The ingenuity, accuracy, sagacity, and judgment which he has displayed in ' the. first part of his workc^nnot be too highly - cominended. BAN- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 145 BANCROFT, REV. THOMAS. Vicar of Bolton-'Ie-Moor, in Lancashire, and author of a colleftion of classical exercises which entitle him to very considerable credit, and which were dedicated to the bishop of Chester, as the first fruits of the king's-school in that city. Mr. Bancroft, after being educated at this school, obtained, we believe, some share in the manage* ment of it i and on the death of Mr. Gilpin iu 1 793, succeeded to his present living. His pub^ lication was entitled, Prolusiones poeticje ; Or a sele£lion of poeti- cal exercises in Greek, Latin, and English ; part- ly original, and partly translated ; one volume, oftavo, 1788. BANDINELL, JAMES, D. D. This gentleman was educated at Jesus'-col- lege, Oxford, and was for some time public ora- tor of the university. He has published. Eight sermons, preached before the university of Oxford, in 1780, (at Bampton's lefture) ; to which is added, a vindication of St. Paul from the charge of wishing himself accursed; a sermon Vol. I. K preached 146 LIVING preached likewise before the university; one vc*. lume. oflavo, 1780. The subjedls of these discourses are chiefly the truth' of Christianity and its peculiar doc^ trines. ^ They often attack,, with justice^ some er- roneous "principles of popery ; and are rather of an orthodox, perhaps, sometimes of an high-chiirck strain. They discover sense, ingenuity, learningi and critical power in their author ; and are writ- ten in a style which is generally easy, accurate and expressive. BANGOR, BISHOP OF.— See Warren. BANKS, RT. HON. SIR JOSEPH, BART. K. B. PR. R. S. TRUST. BRIT. MtlS. F. A. S. F. R. S. ED. MR. I. A. AC. C^ES. NAT. CUR. IMP. I'KTROP. R. HOLM. MADRIT. OLYSSIP. NEAPOLIT. AMER. BOlCiK ET PA£AT. SOC. R. GOTTING, HAFU. LUND. GOTHOB. H ARL EM. AMER. GEDAN. ROTEROD. TRAJECT. BAT'AV. ITAL, OECON. PETROP. PATRIOT. MEDI.OiAN;. ET. NAT. SCRUTAT. BEROLIN SOC.IUS> ET GOLL. MliDIC. R. EDINB. SOelUS. KQNOR. A privy ENGLISH AUTHORS. 147 A, privy counsellor, and a gentleman who is fitted for the station which he holds in the learn- ed worldj as well by his attainments and the li- berality of his mind, as by his particular and un- remitted attention to the interest and advance- merit of natural knowledge, and by his generous patronage of the arts. Sir Joseph Banks sailed on a voyage of discovery , in company with the late eminent botanist, Dr. Solander, and Captain James Cook, in the year 1768, and contributed many botanical observations to the account which was afterward published of this voyage round the globe. In 1772> he made a voyage to Iceland, in company with Dr. Solander, Dr. Lind and Dr. Uno Von Troil; the latter of which gentlemen, on their return, gave the world a .very ingenious account of that island, in an oQavo volume. Sir Joseph Banks was elefted president of the royal society upon the resignation of Sir John Pringle in 1778; and about four years afterward, was en- gaged in some violent disputes with certain mem- bers of that learned body, among whom Bishop Horsley, the late Mr. Maty, and Mr. Poore were conspicuous, respefting the removal of Dr. Hut- tbn from the place of foreign secretary. The selection of plants of the coast of Coro- mandel, from drawings and descriptions present- fed by Dr. Roxburgh to the directors of the East- India . company, published .by their order undeir K 2 the 148 LIVING the dircflion of Sir Joseph Banks, in folio fa^ ciculi, made its first appearance in 1796. His share in the credit of this publication is very con- siderable ; but we must refer the reader to our article, Roxburgh, for farther particulars respeft^ ing the work. BANNISTER, REV. JAMES. This gentleman has published, Seleft tragedies of Euripides: translated from the original Greek J one volume, oftavo, 1780, A view of th.e arts and sciences, from the earliest' time to the age of Uexander-thc-Great > one volume, oftavo, 17S5.. A translation of all the Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian odes of Pindar, except the fourth and fiftli Pythian odes, and those which have been translated by the late Gilbert West, Esq. one volume, otiavo, 1792. The first publication contains the Phajnissaj, Iphiginia in Aulis, Troadcs and Orestes of Euri- pides ; and it was Mr. Bannister's intention, had his attempt met with encouragement,, to have translated the rcmahiini;- tra;iodies. His transla- tion, in the specimen he gave, is in general faith- ful and close ; but in his dialogue, though he somctiines preserves the charafteristic simplicity and ENGLISH AUTHORS. 149 and conciseness of his original, he is too fre- quently languid and prosaic ; and in the choral parts, there is an obvious want of that ahimation and vigour, so essential to lyric composition. '1 he VIEW contains an account of the architec- ture, astronomy, language, moral philosophy, mythology, aiid natural philosophy of the an- cients ; and it Was the author's intention, had it been fkvotlred with the approbation of the pub- lic, to have published another volume, in which the defe£ls, so evident in it, as a view of the an- cient arts and sciences, should have been sup- plied. It shared, however, the fate which a ■worh neither elegant, correft, comprehensive, or profound, had a right to expeft. As a translator of Pindar, Mr. Bannister is entitled to the praise of elegance and fidelity ; but on the whole, he must yield the palm to his competitor in the same undertaking, Mr, Pye. the present poet-laureat. BARBAULD, REV. ROCHEMONT. A native of Germany; and a dissenting cler- gyman. He formerly kept a school at Palgrave in Suffolk, and at present resides, with a few pu- pils, at Hampstead. Mr. Barbauld is introduced in this catalogue, chiefly as having married the, celebrated Miss Anna Lajtitia Aikin, the subjedt K3 of 150 LIVING of thp succeeding ai-ticje : l;^is publications having been con|ined to one or two sipgle sermon?, preached upon public occasions. BARBAULD, MRS, ANNA L.ETITIA. Daughter of the late I)r. AikiHj pf Warring- ton, sister to the present Dr. Aikin, of London, and \vife of the ^ubje£t of the preceding article. A lady of an excellent genius, which she has condescendingly employed to the noblest ends, in exciting infancy to virtue, and maturer years y to a- love of freedom. Of her talents, and of the distinguished allotment of reputation which they have acquired for her with the public, nonq need be told. She has written. Poems ; one small volume, quarto, 1773. Miscellaneous pieces, in prose, (in associ- ation with her brother) ; one volume, oftavo, 177.3- Devotional pieces, compiled from the psalnis, and the book of Job. To which are prefixed, thoughts on the dc^otional taste, on se£t§, and on establishments ; one volume, duodecimo, 1775- Lessons for children, from two to three years old ; quaito, 1778. Hymns in prose for children j oftavo, 1781. An ENGLISH AUTHORS. 151 An address to the opposers of the repeal of tire corporation and test a£ls ; a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1790. Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq. on the rejeftion of the bill for abolishing the slave-tradcj (in verse)} a pamphlet, quarto, 1791. Remarks on Mr. Gilbert Wakefield's enqui- ry into the expediency ^nd propriety of public or social worship,} a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1792. Sins of government, sins of the nation ; or a discourse for the fast. ' By a volunteer ; a pam- phlet, o£lavo, 1793. Evenings at honie, or the juvenile budget opened : consisting of a variety of miscellaneous pieces for the instru£lion and amusement of young- persons; six volumes, duodecimo, vols. I. II. and III. 1793. The pleasures of imagination, (by Dr. Aken- side, with a critical essay on the poem) ; one vo- lume duodecimo, 1795- The poetical works of Mr. William Collins, .(with a prefatory essay) ; one volume, small octa- vo, 1797. To these we believe may be added a poli- tical SERMON ON A national FAST, THE HILL OF SCIENCE, and ouc or two more pieces of less importance. The two first publications appeared previ- ously to the marriage of Mrs. Barbauld. Her po- K 4 EMS 1^2 LIVING EMS displayed a smootliness and harmony, a just- ness of thought, and a vigour of imagination, which obtained them very distinguished applause. The MISCELLANEOUS PIECES although written, for the greater part, with taste and elegance, have never been in very particular request with the public. The epistle to Mr. "Wiiberforce • is highly animated; and the remarks on Mr. Wakefield's enquiry, spirited and judicious. Evenings at home, the joint production, as we are told, of Mrs. Barbauld and Dr. Aikin, is a coJleftion of very pretty tales and dialogues, formed partly from history and facts, and partly from fancy and invention. Her publications of this description, are eminently well adapted to engage the attention of the young, to awaken the growing mind to enquiry and the use of its rea- soning powers, and to inspire it with sentiments of humanity, virtue, and piety. Her editions of Akenside, and Collins, with critical essays, are, like the similar produftions of Dr. Aikin, at once elegant and useful. BARING, SIR FRANCIS, BART, M.P. A merchant of the city of London, and a di- rector of the East-India company. This gentle- man has taken a very aftive part in the affairs of India, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 155 India, and is no less rcspe£lable for charafter, than for talents ; for long and diversified com- mercial experience, than for rare independence- He was employed in a very considerable simplifi- cation of the public expenditure, in the business of supplying the whole of the army vi£lualling contracts, during the time that the Marquis of Lansdown presided at that board. Sir Francis Baring was Created a baronet in the year 1793, and was chosen member for the borough of Wy- combe, in Buckinghamshire, on the resignation of Sir J. Jarvls in 1794, and returned for Calne in Wiltshire, at the last general ele£iion. He has published. The principle of the commutation aft, esta- blished by fa£ls; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1786. Observations on the establishment of thebahk of England, and on the paper circulation of the country; a pamphlet, o£tav6, 1797. The first of these pamphlets, on the subjeft of which, the author's situation at the India-house, aflToided him peculiar opportunities for informa- tion, produccd'a reply which was dedicated in a sarcastic style to the late Duke of Northumber- land, under the signature, Jona. 'I'hompson, and dated from Higham-house, Northumberland. It was expressed in the dogmatical strain of com- mon-place politics, which often passes current in public 9ompanie5, and probably the unknown author 1^4 LIVING author, was the oracle of his club. The second pamphlet, is full of curious and valuable informa- tioii, relative to the late fluctuations of commer- cial and public credit in Great Britain, and dis- plays much pra£lical knowledge and occasional except and comprehepsion of view. BARKER, THOMAS, ESQ. Of Lyndpivhall, in Rutlandshire. , A gentle- man of an ancient and rcspe£lablc family. His father vvas a celebrated Hebrew scholar, and his mother was a daughter of the pious and learned William Whiston, in whose memoirs there occur frequei-^t notices of the family. Mr. Barker has written. An account of a meteor seen in the county of Rutland, which resembled, a water spout ; (philos. trausaft. 1756, p. 248). An account of the discoveries concerning comets, with the way to find their orbits, and some improvements in construfting and calcu- lathig their places, (with tables) ; a pamphlet, .<]Uarto, 1757. On the return of the comet, expeftcd in 1757 or 1758 ; (philos. transaft. 1759, p. 347)- On "the mutations of the stars s (ibid. 1761, p. 498). An ENGLISH AUTHORS. t^S An account of a remarkable halo. May 20, 1737; (ibid. 1762, p. 3). Observations on the quantities of rain fallen at Lyndon, in Rutland, for several y^fears; with observations for deteniiining the latitude of Statnford in Lincolnshire j (ibid. 1771, p. 221, and 227). The duty, circumstances, and benefits of baptism, determined by evidence ; one volume, oftavo, 1771. ' The messiah : being the prophecies concern- ing himj methodizedjwith their accomplishments; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1780. The nature and circumstances of the demo- niacs in the gospels, stated, methodized, and considered in the several particulars ; a pam- phlet, oftavo, 1783. Mr. Barker has also printed in the fhilosoj^bi-' cal transaSiions, a register of the barometer, ther- mometer and rain, at Lyndon for many years in succession, beginning with 1771. His philoso- phical treatises redound highly to liis credit ; and in his theological pieces, although his sentiments on some occasions are not, in congruity to what may be commonly deemed orthodox or calviniS' tical, the firmness of his "faith, the integrity of his heart, and his honest desire to promote the interests of genuine christian ityj are very appa- rent. ' BAR. JS$ LIVING BARKER, JOHN. Of Birmingham, or its neighbourhood. Au- thor of two very contemptible publications, viz. A treatise on Cheltenham water ; a pam- phlet, oftavo, 1786. ,: Epidemics, or general observations on the air and diseases, from the year 1740 to 1777, in- clusive, and particular ones froriJ that time to the beginning of 1795 j one volume, oftavo, 1796. : . BARLOW, JOEL. American consul at Algiers, and one of the turbulent partisans of democracy and jacobinism. J-Ie is the son of a farmer of Reading, in Connec- ticyt, where he, was born about the year 1758-9. He was educated at Yale-cpUege, and took the degree of B. A, in 1778. A poem which he delivered at the public examination on this oc- casion, was afterward, we understand, committed to the press. After leaving college, he became one of the chaplains to the Connecticut army, and in 1781, repaired to New Haven to obtain the degree of M. A. On this occasionj he again delivered a poem, which reached the press, and which. ENGLISH AUTHORS, 157 \vhich, togettier with the po6m already mention- ed, and an elegy on the Hon. Mr. Hasmer was republished in volume I. of the American -poems. After quitting his chaplaincy, Mr. Barlow ap- plied himself to the study of the law, and under- took the establishment of a weekly paper in con- nexion with a printer at Hartford. During this connexion,, he published the •vision of Columbus^, and was afterward employed by the clergy of Conncfticut, to adapt Dr. Watts' version of the psalms to the use of that country. In the law he had no success, and obtaining the appoint*- ment of agent' of the Scioto company, he em- barked in 1783 for France., on that unfortu- nate errand. Mr. Barlow's publications have been. The vision of Columbus, a poem, in nine books; one volume, duodecimo, 1787, (also twice printed in America, and once at Paris). Advice to the privileged orders in the several states of Europe, resulting from the necessity and propriety of a general revolution in the prin- ciple of government ; oftavo, part I. 1792 ; part > II. 1795. The conspiracy of kings, k poem, addressed to the inhabitants of Europe from another quar- ter of the world ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1792. A letter to the national convention of France, pn the defefts in the constitution of 1791, and the ij8 LIVING the extent of the amendments which ought td be applied ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1792. A letter addressed to the people of Pied* mont, on the advantages of the French revolu- tion, snd the necessity of adopting its principles in Italy 5 a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1795, (written in 1792, and printed in French at Grenoble, and in Italian at Nice). The hasty-pudding, a poem j duodecimo. New York, 1796. In the first of these pieces, the great events, which have happened in consequence of the dis- covery of America, are described as in visionary representation to Columbus. Some of its most interesting passages are close copies of corre- spondent descriptions and relations in the Incas of Marmontel ; but the performance is by no means destitute of merit. With the history of Mr. Barlow's later politics, the world are well ac- quainted, and few of our readers need to be told, that the pamphlets above enumerated, are Avrit- ten in so inflammatory a stile, as to have rendered him justly obnoxious to goverwrnent. BARNARD, REV. JAMES. This gentleman has published a series of. let- ters addressed to Dr. Priestly, in answer to his letters ENGLISH AUTHORS. i^^ letters to Dr. Geddes, which, althbugh they arr writteil with much good tamper, will, to the ge- nerality of readers, appear tedious. They Wer6 published under the title. The divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, demon- strated from the holy scriptures, and from the do£lrlne of the primitive church ; one volume^ duodecimo, 1789. BARNES, THOMASi D.D. A dissenting minister at Manchester, and member of the literary and philosophical society of that town. He delivered an excellent dis- course, at the public commencement of the Man- chester academy, on September 14, 1786, which was afterward published, together with a scrmou by Mr. Ralph Harrison, preached on the occa- sion of the establishment of the academy. Dr. Barnes has likevVise written, several curious and interesting papers, in the memoirs of the literary and philosophical society of Manchester^ viz. On the nature and essential charafter of poe- try as distinguished from prose ; (volume L p. 54). On the atrmity subsisting between the artSj .with a plan for promoting and extending manu- fa'ftlires, by encouraging those arts on which iiianufa£turGs principally depend j (ibid. p. 72). " On i6o LIVING On the pleasure which the mind in many cases receives from contemplating scenes of dis- tress; (ibid. p. 144). On the influence of the imagination, and the passions upon the understanding ; (ibid. p. 375). On pubUc and private education j (volume ILp. I). A plan for the improvement and extension of liberal education in Manchester; (ibid. p. 16). Proposals for establishing a plan of liberal education in Manchester ; (ibid. p. 30). On the voluntary power which the mind is able to exercise over bodily sensation ; ( ibid. BARRINGTON, HON. AND RT. REV< SHUTE, L. L.U. Lord bishop of Durham, and custos rotulo^ rum of the print, ipality of Durham. Mis lord- ship is uncle to the present Viscount Barrington, In the kingdom of Ireland, and youngest son of the nobleman of the same name, who is well known as an able and acute writer in defence of revelation, and as the friend of Mr. Locke. Few families, it has been justly observed, have so good a title to boast their eminence and success in the world with that of this prelate : the church, the ENGLISH AUTHOkS. i6i the state, the navy, tlie army,* and the law, can severally count a Barring ton among their most distinguished charafters. His lordship was educated at Eton, and at Merton-college, Ox- ford. He took orders in 1756, and the degree of M. A. in the year following. Having removed to Christ-church» he obtained the degree of L. L. D. in 1 762, and four years afterward, on the death of Dr. Taylor, was promoted to be one of the re- sidentiaries of St. Paul's. In 1769, his lordship was consecrated bishop of LandafF^ in 1782, he was translated to the see of Salisbury; and in 1791* on the death of Dr. Thomas Thurlow, to that of Durham. His first wife was Diana Beau- clerk, daughter of Charles, Duke of St. Albans, who died in 1766, and his present lady is Jane, daughter of the late Sir John Guise, of Ren- combi in the county of Gloucester, Bart, to whom he was married in 1770, but by whom he has no issue. While bishop of LandafF, his lordship attempted to repress the license of the times, by introducing a bill into the house of^ peers, to prevent persons divorced by parliament from marrying with each other; it appearing that many a£ts of infidelity had been committed >vith a view to such subsequent alliances : the attempt, however, proved unsuccessful, though • The late H«n, John Ban-ingtdnj eoi)q[ueror of Guadaloupe. Vol. I, L thp i62 LIVING the opinions of many of the ablest lawyers and divines concured with regard to the propriety of the measure. At present, his lordship is not less distinguished by his exalted station in the church, than by his laudable zeal in the promotion of Sunday-schools, and his endeavours to render the situation of the lower ranks of society more com- fortable and happy ; not only by communicating to them useful and important instruftion, but by annually expending considerable sums on their account ; as well as by other judicious and well- dire£tcd charities. Beside a new edition, with large additions and correftions, in three volumes, oftavo, of his father's miscellanea sacra, and some valuable notes printed in Bowyer's conje£fures on the new testa- ment, his lordship has published, A sermon preached before the lords spiritual and temporal, January 30, 1772 ; quarto. A sermon preached before the incorporated society for the propagation of the gospel in fo- reign parts, at their anniversary meeting in the church of St, Mary-le-Bow, February 17, 1775 i oftavo. A charge delivered to the clergy of the dio- cese of S^rum, (at his lordship's primary visita- tion of that diocese, in 1783), ottavo. A letter to the clergy of the diocese of Sa- lum : to which are added, direftions relating ta orders. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 163 orders, institutions, and licences; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1789. A charge delivered to the clergy of the dio- cese of Durham, at the primary visitation of that diocese, in the year 1792; quarto. A charge delivered to the clergy of the dio- cese of Durham, at the ordinary visitation of that diocese, in the year 1797; oftavo. The CHARGES are peculiarly ejccellent. BARRINGTON, HON. DAINES, F.R.A.S. Brother to J:he subjeft of the preceding arti- cle, ia king's counsel, and a bencher of the ho- nourable society of the Inner-temple. This gen- tleman has filled a variety of inferior places under government. He was for many years one, of the Welsh judges, being second justice of Chester ; but resigned that office in the year 1785, we be- lieve with a pension. Of the other places which he has held, he at present only retains that of commissary-general of the stores at Gibraltar. •Mr. Harrington has written, Observations on the statutes, chiefly the more ancient, from magna charta, to 21 James I. chap. 27, with an appendix : being a proposal for new modelling the statutes ; one volume, ■quarto, 1766, , 164 ' LIVING The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historiait Orosius : by Alfred the Great. Together with an English translation from the Anglo-Saxon j one volume, oftavo, 1773. The probability of reaching the north pole discussed ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1775. Miscellanies ; one volume, quarto, 1781. lunumerable papers in the philosophical trans- a£fions, beginning with the year 1767, and ending with 1774: and m every volume of the tfrfA-jro-- logia of the society of antiquaries. The first of these publications has reached a fourlh edition. The illustrations which it con- tains are so ingenious and lively, as to render the dry pursuit of which it treats, perfettly entertain- ing. Mr. Harrington has conti-ibuted very much by it, to the elucidation of the more remote and obscure part of our legislative code ; and has de- duced the origin and policy of many parts of that law, which necessarily appear almost unintelligi- ble to a modern reader, from a collateral history c-i the "aftual state of the kingdom, and of the existing state of the laws, at the period of enac- ting the several statutes that fall under his obsef- Tations. His work abounds in such curious and learned investigations, as the subjeft affords. The curious version from Orosius, was printed ^chiefly for the author's own amusement, and that of a few antiquarian friends. Of the voy- age to the north poje, wliich was afterward un- dertaker): ENGLISH AUTHORS. 165 dertaken by Captain Phipps, Mr. Harrington was the first proposer : and on the event of it, he colIe£ted a variety of fafts and speculations to evince tlie pra£licability of such an undertaking. His papers were read at two meetings of the royal society, and not being admitted into their iransaSliotis, were published separately. It must be allowed that the honourable author bestowed much time, and labour on the investigation of this subjeQ ; and that he accumulated an ama- zing quantity of written, traditionary, and con- jeftural evidence, in proof of the possibility of circumnavigating the pole : but after all, when his testimonies were examined, />0H lion ; oftavo, 1783;. BAVERSTOCK, A considerable brewer at Alton^ in Hamp- shire. He some years ago published a pamphletj; cotinefted in subjeft with his profession, which was ianswered by Mr. J. Richairdson bf Mull j who wrote ih favour of a statical instrument of a peculiar strufture, which he termed a saccharo- meter, in preference to a common hydrometer^ which, by his publication, appeared to regulate the operations of Mr* Baverstock. The pam- phlet of the latter was entitled, ; Vol. I. M Hydw- 178 LIVING . . Hydrometrical observations and experiment^' in the brewery; oftavo, 1785. BAY, W. A citizen of the state of New York. He lias published a dissertation on dysentery, which prosecutes the enquiry into Dr. Mitchill'snew hypothesis re§pe£ling contagion, and which was- submitted to the public examination of the fa- culty of physic, under the authority of the trus- tees of Colurabia-GoUege, for the degree of doc- tor ©f physic. It is entitled. An inaugural dissertation on the operation of pestilential fluids upon the large intestines, term- ed by nosologists dysentery ,. a pamphlet, oftavoi New York, 1797. BAYLEY, THOMAS, BUTTERWORTH, ESQ. F.R.S. Of Hop eij near Manchester. An honorary member of the board of agriculture. This gen- tleman, beside papers on a cheap and expedi- tious meth'oii of draining land, on the culture of CRfebigfii^, and Trinity con- sidered ; a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1785. in the first of these publications, the rules, although concise, arc perspicuous, and the ana- lysis and examples illustrate their principles, and tend to facilitate the study of the Hebrew. In the sermon, Mr. Bayley asserted the awVjiof the divine nature, and proceded to defend and esta- blish the doftrine of a Trinity according to the profession of the church of England, This pro- duced an anonymous pamphlet, in which the writer insisted with Count Swedenborg, that a trhiity of persons was unknown in the apostolic church. ENGLISH AUTHORS. i8i -sheet map,* and a memoir of Ireland, which he published by subscription, and which were respe£!lably patro- nized. The latter is entitled, Memoir of a map of Ireland, illustrating the topography of that kingdom, and containing a short account of its present state, civil and eccle- siastical : with a complete index to the map j one volume, quarto, 1792,. teEAUMoNT, ALBANIS. This gentleman was born not far distant frorti Mont Blanc. He for some' time occupied the situation of engineer to nis Sardinian majesty, and has been accustomed from his youth to the study of natural history. His publications have been. Travels through the Rhsetian Alps, in the year 1786, from Italy to Germany, through Ty- * By a sclilc of sik miles to an inch, Vol. t. N i:oJ; 194 ' LIVING rol, (with large aqua-tinta engravings, from ori- ginal designs by the author, relative to the pic- turesque beauties of the most interesting views) ; one volume, imperial folio, 1792. Seleft views of the antiquities and harbours of the South of France, with topographical and his- torical descriptions; one volume, folio, 1794. Travels through the Maritime Alps, from Ita- ly to Lyons, across the Colde Tende, by the way of Nice, Provence, Languedoc, &;c. with topo- graphical and historical descriptions, (and some philosophical observations on various appear- anees in mineralogy found in those countries) ; one volume, folio, 1795. These elegant and pleasing works are highly creditable to the taste, talents, and execution of Mr. Beaumont, and have experienced a very flat- tering patronage from men of taste and science in this country, A surreptitious edition of a part of the last of them, appeared some time previous- ly to its publication: but the unjust proceeding was properly exposed in the correspondence to the montbl/ review. BECK, REV. THOMAS. A dissenting minister, who, beside the pas- siOjNS PERSONIFIED, a poem, of w'hich we have not ENGLISH AUTHORS. 195 not been able io obtain a sight, has published anonymously. The missionary, a poem : to which are sub- joined, hints on the propagation of the gospel at home and abroad j a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1795- This piece is inscribed to the new irtissionary societies. The amiable chara£ter and exalted merit of the pious and intrepid missionary are highly drawn, although in very indifferent poe- try. Many pious considerations are offered in the HINTS, in support of the truly christian de- sign of multiplying the converts to our holy reli- gion, in every part of the habitable globe, where the harvest is plentiful, but the reapers are few. BECKFORD, WILLIAM, ESQ. F.A.S. « Of the magnificent seat at Fonthill, in Wilt- shire. This gentleman is the sole issue in mar- riage, of the late Alderman Beckford, so distin- guished fbr his ability, spirit, and magnificence in the office of first magistrate of the city of Lon* don, and so highly revered as one of its most pa- triotic representatives. He traces back his fa-» ther's family to a remote ancestry in the county t»f Gloucester. His great grandfather, Peter Beckford, was lieutenant governor of Jamaica in N ft the 196 LIVING the reign of King William : he fortified Po-vt- Royal, and assisted In fitting out an armament against the French and Spaniards, which suc- ceeded m driving the enemies of his country from the, Spanish main. And it is hardly necessary ta add, that his paternal ancestors have been in pos- session of a princely property in Jamaica, ever since that i&land belonged to the crown of Great Britain. By his mother, who was daughter and co-heiress of the Honourable George Hamilton,, son of James, the seventh Earl of Abercorn, Mr. Beckford is descended through a long line of noble and royal progenitors, lie married Lady Margaret Gordon, only daughter of the late Earl of Aboyne, by Lady Margaret Stewart,, daughtes of the Earl of Galloway ; and by this, lady has iisuc two daughters. At tlie time of his father's death, in the year 1770, Mr. Beckford was very young. He has however received and largely profitted from a very liberal education, on the plan of which, the late Earls of Chatham and Camden, and the learned Lord Lyttleton, the intimate friend's of his father, contributed their advice : and it is said that the two former noblemen in particular, en- tertained very high ideas of his natural capacity. He has visited many foreign countries; and is said to have written largely 00 the subjeft of his travels, and , on the a6tual state and leading, char ■ I rafters ENGLISH AUTHORS. 197 rafters of several of the courts of Europe, parti- "culai ly that of France, from the beginning of the l-evolutioh to tlie death of the Iting, as well as on many other miscellaneous topics. With these speculations, it is to be hoped the world will sonie day or other be favoured. Hitherto Mr. Beckford has tome before the public as an anonymous author only ; and this in two in- stances which are as follows, ■ '. .. Biographical memioirs of extraordinary pain- ters; one volume, dtiodecimo, 1780. The history of the Caliph Vatheck ; one vo- lume, small o£lavb/.'j The first of these, njeu d' esprit, written, it is said, at the age of sixteen years, is a curious mixture of romance and criticism. ■ The last is an Arabian tale of great merit, with karned notes, from writers on the manners and customs of the East. ';■ Mr. Beckford had for some time a seat in parliament. He is supposed to have accelerated Lord 'Malmesbury's late embassy to France, by his communications to his majesty's ministers, re- «pfe£l:ing the disposition of the French government ,^0 enter into 3 negociation for peace .with' this <;Duntry. ; < , ', ' •f ■, N 3 BECK- jpS LIVING - BEPKFORD; WILLIAM, ESQ. A cousin of the subjeft.'of the precedhig ar- ticles He. formerly resided at Somerly, in Suf- folk, was accompanied by the celebrated Mr. Patrick Brydone as his travelling preceptor, and afterward settled at Hertford, in Jamaica ; where he lived for more than twelve years, and was largely concerned in the traffic and plantations of the island. Mr. Beckford has written. Remarks upon the situation of .negroes in Jamaica : a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1788. A descriptive account of the island of Ja- maica ; with remarks upon the cultivation of the sugar-cane throughout the different seasons of the year, and chiefly considered in a pifturesque point of view; also observations and reflexions upon what would probably be the consequences of an abolition of the slave-.trade, and of the emancipation of the slaves s two volumes, oftavo, 1790. The ancient part of the history of France, from the most early records, to the death of Ltms XVI. in four volumes, o£tavo, 1794, (the modern part by an English gentleman, some time resident in Paris). Although Mr. Beckford's account of Ja- maica ENGLISH AUTHORS. 199 maica abounds with description so as almost to fatigue the fancy, his elegant taste arid judicious reasoning must excite the highest admiration,* The information which he gives on the subje£l of the slave trade is impartially written, arid of pe- culiar importance. His share of the history OF FRANCE comcs down to the end of th,e reign of Charles VI. and fills the two first and part of the third volumes. It is written with considera- ble energy of thoughtj and some attention to the graces of composition ; attra£l:ions which the subsequent part of this history can by no means boast, i BECKFORD, PETER, ESQ. Of Steepleton, near Blandford> in the county of Dorset. This gentleman has published. Thoughts on hunting, in a series of fainiliar letters to a friend; one voluHiej quarto,. 1781. Little as a dida£Uc treatise on the subjefl of such an art might have been expefted, this work discovers its author to be a man of letters as well as a keen sportsman. His volume has been sur- reptitiously reprinted in o£lavo since its fifst publication. • His work reminds us often of the situation of the authoi* but at the same time teache»u8 to respe£l hit abilities, to admire hit tiiste, and sympathise in hi^ misfortunes, N4 BED- 200 LIVING BEDDOES, THOMAS, M. D. Of the city of Bristol. A native of Scotland, and a chara£ter of considerable reputation as a writer, particularly on the science of chemistry. -He formerly resided in the city of Edinburgh, and was elected reader in chemistry in the, univer- sity of Oxford, in the year 1787 ; but being one among the many melancholy instances of those who would relinquish the . truest distinftion, as rnen of science and eminent professional charac- ter, for a pitiful display of their political senti- ments, his unfortunate ir^fatuation occasioned his retirement to the place of his present residence. Dr. Beddoes commenced his career as an author, by translating several produftions of learned fo- reiigners, a task which he executed with great success. Among these, w^re translations of Bergman's dissertation on eleflive attraftions, and Scheele's chemical essays, from the transas- YJions of the academy of science, at Stockholm : in the latter of which, published in an o(flavo vo- lume, in the year 1785, he first made himself known to the public, by subscribing his name , to the preface. His subsequent publications have been. An account of some ^ew e^cperiments qn ■ the ENGLISH AUTHORS. 201 the produftion of artificial cold, ( philos. transaft. 1787, p. 282). Chemical experiments and opinions, extrac- ted from a work* published in the last^century; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1790. Observation's on the nature and cure of cal- culus, sea-scurvy, consumption, catarrh, and fe- ver : together with conjeftures on several other subjefts of physiology and pathology j one vo- lume, oft avo, 1793. '1 ! A letter td Erasmus Darwin, M. D. on a new method of treating pulmonary consumption, and some other diseases hitherto found incura- ble ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1793. Observations oh the nature of demonstrative evidence ; with an explanation of certain diffi- culties occurring in the elements of geometry ; and reflections on language ; a jiamphlet, o£lavo, 1793- A guide for self-preservation and parental affeftion; a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1793. Letters from Dr. Withering, of Birmingham, Dr. Ewart, of Bath, Dr. Thornton, of London, and Dr. Biggs, late of the isle of Santa Cruz ; together with some other papers, supplementary to two publications on asthma, consumption, • Traflatus qwinque raedico-pb^sici, by Dr, John Mayow, published at Oxford in 1674., fever. ao2 LIVING fever, and other diseases ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, »793- Considerations on the riiedicinal use, and on the produftiofl of faftitious airs, (published in association with Mr. James Watt, engineer, of Birmingham), oftavo, parts I. II. 1794, part III. 1795, P^'"'^'' ^V- V- 1796- Where would be the harm of a speedy peace? a pamphlet, oftavo, 1795. A word in defence of the bill of rights, against thegauflino; WU0 ; a pamphlet, oaavo, 1795. A new method of operating for the femoral hernia, translated from the Spanish of Don An- tonio de Gimbern^ajt, surgeon to the King of Spain, (with plates) : to which are added by the translator, .queries rcspefting a safer method of performing' inoculation, and the treatment of cer- tain fevers ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1795. A letter to the Right Hon. William Pitt, on the means of relieving the present scarcity, and preventing the diseases that arise from meagre food ;, a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1796. Essay on the public merits of Mr. Pitt j a pamphlet, oftavo, 1796. Alternatives compared : or, what shall the rich do to be ^afe ? a pamphlet, oftavo, 1797. Reports principally concerning the efFe£ls of the nitrous acid in the venereal disease, by the surge<5ns of the royal hospital at Plymouth, and by ENGLISH AUTHORS. 203 by other praftitioners ; a pamphlet, oSaVo, 1797- A ledture introduftory to a course of popular instru£lion, on the constitution and manageipent of the human body; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1797* In Dr. Beddoes' .OBSERVATIONS on calculus, &c. which are highly ingenious, he offered to public consideration a new theory of the con- sumption of the lungs ; in which he fixed on th,e effeO: of pregnancy in suspending the progress of phthisis as a fa6t, which by its mode of operatioh might suggest a method of diminishing the havoc occasioned by this distemper. The subsequent LETTER to Dr. Darwin respefts the praftice, founded on this theory. The pamphlet on de- monstrative EVIDENCE, contains a variety of curious and useful refle£tions ; and the pam- phlet which follows it, was designed for the be- .nefit of the poor. The considerations on faftitious airs, consist of a very mixed mass of ma- terials, respefting the application of aerial fluids in the treatment of disease : but though the faCts adduced have very different degrees of impor- tance, great advantages have been, and may no doubt still be obtained, from the cultivation of this new branch of the materia medica. At the charafter of Dr. Beddoes' political pamphlets we have already hinted. He is ex- tremely hostile to the present ministry. And to tli^ ;ao4 LIVING the indulgence of a licence, which is denominated freedom of sentiment by that party, which he abets, he frequently sacrifices that decent respedli, to the propriety of which party zeal can alone make him biiad I laving consented to annex a course of in- strudtion, concerning the constitution of the hu- •man body and its managennerit, to an institution at Bristol for giving popular Icftures on anatomy and physiology, he published the . introdu£tory lec- ture which we have mentioned above, |o prepare the way for it, by enforcing just ideas of the impor- tance and feasibility of the attempt. Dr. JJed- does has also written, beside the pieces already enumerated, an ingenious biographical preface, prefixed to the correfted edition of, Dr. John Brown's dements of medicine, which he edited in 1795; and is an occasional contributor to the monthly magazine. As a thinker he is bold and original ; his knowledge is various, and his acr c[uaintance with books as well as with men, ex- tensive. His writings are distinguishable for a remarkable vigour, ^nd abound in curious obser- .yatioqs. BEEKE, REV. HENRY, Author of an anonymous letter to a county member, on the mefins of securing a safe and honour-. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 205 honourable peace, (o£lavo, 1798), which is one of the fairest and best pamphlets published dur- ing the present war. BEERE, REV. RICHARD. Reftor of Sudbrooke, in Lincolnshire, and author of, An epistle to the chief priests and elders of the Jews j containing an answer to Mr. David Levi's challenge, &c. ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1789., A dissertation on the thirteenth and fourteenth verses of the eighth chapter of Daniel j a pam- phlet, oftavo, 1790. The latter of these absurdities contains strong and cogent arguments, to prove that the com- mencement of the final restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land was to take place in the ensuing year. A.D. 1791 ! 1! BEILBY, SAMUEL, D. D, Reftor of Folkton, in Yorkshire, and vicar of Croxton-Kyriel, Leicestershire. This gentleman was chaplain to the late Duke of Rutland. He married a daughter of the Reverend Dr. Rastall, prebend- 2o6 LIVING prebendary of Normanton, who was niece to Sir Richard Heron, Bart. Dr. Beilby has published three single sermons, which were well adapted to their respeftive occasions, viz. A sermon preached in the cathedral at York, July 29, 1781, at the assizes ; o£lavo. On religious toleration ; preached in the church of Bowness, upon Windermere, West- moreland ; quarto, 1790. A sermon, preached in the church of Crox- ton-Kyriel, Leicestershire, March 15, 1795 j c^iiarto. BELKNAP, JEREMY, M.A. Member of the philosophical society in Phi- ladelphia, and of the academy of arts and sciences in Massachusett's. This gentleman has written. The history of New Hampshire ; oftavo, vol, 1. 1784, vols. II. HI. 1792. A description of the white mountains in New Hampshire, (transa£ts. of American philos. soc. vol. II. p. 42). Observations on Aurora Boreahs, (ibid. vol. n. p. 196). On the preserving of parsnips by drying, (ibid, vol. n. p. 199). An account of large quantities of a fossil sub^ stance ENGLIS;^ AUTHORS. 207 stance containing vitriol and sulphur, found at Lebanon, ra^he state of New Hampshire, (mem. of Boston acad. vol. I. p. 377). Mr. Belknap has also announced an intention of compiling a coUcftion of American biography. His HISTORY of New Hampshire, commences at the discovery of the river Pascataqua, and- reaches to the year 1790. His solicitude to ob- tain information appears to have been great ; and he does not confine himself to a bare enu- meration of fads. He endeavours to delineate' the charafters, interests and passions of the per- sonages who figure in the scenes he describes j and to catch the features of the times in which' they lived. Lastly, he appears to advantage as a man of liberality, moderation and candour. BELL, WILLIAM, D. D. Prebendary of St. Peter's, Westminster, and' vicar of Christ-church, London. This gentle- man was educated at Magdalen-college, Cam- bridge, and was for some time a fellow of that society. He afterward became domestic chap-* Iain to the late princess Amelia; through whose? interest he obtairied the prebend which he atf present holds. Dr. Bell has published, ■ A dissertation (on the causes which princ'w pally 5.o8 LIVING paily contribute to render a nation populous, and tin the efre£t of the populousness of a nation on its trade); a pamphlet, quaito, 1756. An enquiry into the divine missions of John the Baptist and Jesus Chiist, so far as they can be proved Ironi the circumstances of their births^ and their connection with each other ; one vo- lume, odlavo, 1760. A sermon, preached in L.ambeth-chapel atr the consecration of Dr. Tliom as, iJishop ot Ro- chester, Novemlier 13, 1774; cpiartO; An attempt to ascertain and illustrate the authority, nature and dei;ign of the institution of Christ, commonly called the Connnunion, and the Lord's Supper ; a pamphlet, (j(5l;ivo, I 780. An enquiry whether any dodrine relating to the nature and eiT^^cts of the Lord's Sapper can be justly founded on the discourse of our Lord, recorded in the 6th chapter of thfe gospel of St. John, (a supplement to the preceding) ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1790. The first of these pieces was one of the dis- sertations, to which the prizes, given by Lord Viscount Townsend to the university of Cam- bridge, were adjudged in the year 1756. The EKQuiRY respefting the divine nJssious, is a very sensible and ingenious performance, which the believer in Christianity will ever peruse with pleasure, and which the candid deist must con- fess ENGLISH AUTHORS. 2O0 fess to contain ftriking eVidetice for the truth of the christian religion. The illuRtration of the Lord's-suppef is a master tradt,* which ought occasionally to be read in all churches, if only to prevent good christians from being frightened from the holy table by new peeks preparatiotiSt companions to the altar, and similar absurdities. Dr. Bell also published the declaration of Dr. Pierre Francois le Courayer's last sentiments on the different doftrmes of religion, in the French language, from the lS/[. S. of the author. It was given to the Princess Amelia, and left by her royal highness as a legacy to Dr. Bell, who pub- lished it according to the author's instruftious. The work has since been translated into English by another hand, and adds an illustrious name to the Unitarian kalendar. BELL, BENJAMIN, ESQ. Member of the roy&l colleges of surgeons of Ireland and Edinburgh, and one of the surgeons to the royal infirmary of Edinburgh. A writer of very distinguished eminence on the art of sur- gery. He has published. • It was answered bjr the present Bishop of St. Asaphi — Vid* Bagot, Vol. I. , O A trea- ^10 LIVING A treatise on the theory and management of ulcers ; with a dissertation on white swellings of the joints, and an essay on the chirurgical treat- ment of inHamation and its consequences ; one volume, o£tavo, 177S. •A system of surgery ; (with copper-plates), six volumes, oftavo, 1783-1788. The case of a man affe£ted with an obstinate epilepsy considerably relieved by the use of the flowers of zink, (med. com. of Edinb. vol. I. p. •ao4).^ ■ The history of a case, in which some of the vertebrse were found dissolved, (ibid. vol. IlL p. 82). A treatise on gnnorroeha virulenta and lues, venerea 5 ^wo volumes, otlavo, 1793. A treatise on the hydrocele, on sarcocele or cancer, and other discabcs ot the testes ; one vo- lume, ofiavo, 1794. In Mr. Bell's cclebrnled systkm of sur- GERYy it is liis chief merit that lie has reduced the art to certain simple modes, and relieved the student from that complicated system which va- nity and ignorance had fgr a long tiixie imposed upon the world. He removed that veil of affec- tation which covers the works, of many of his predeccsbors, and selofted with judgment, while- he wrote with perspicuity.' It is, however, oc- caiionaliy tbo prolix, and abounds in gramma- ■^ ' "^ *^' tical ENGLISH AUTHORS. in tical and provincial errors of the language^ The Volumes on the venereal disease, are useful addi- tions to the prafltical treatises on that subjeft j &nd the treatise on the hydrocele, &c. is chiefly la. republication of the observations respecting these diseases, contained in the system of surgery^ BELL, JOHN, ESQ. Sufgedn in Edinburgh, and author of. The anatomy of the human body ; two vch lumes, oftavo, (volume I. comprising the bones* muscles, and joints, 1793 ; vol. II. comprising the anatomy of the heart and arteries, (with plates), 1797)- Engravings explaining the anatomy of the bones, muscles, and joints} qilarto, 1794. Discourses on the nature and cure of woundsi one volume, o£tavo, 1795. In the first of these publications, the siibjeft is treated in a manner which is at otice impressive and engaging. The removing of any of that dis- gust and antipathy to anatomical writings and investigations, which are but too apt to arise iu the minds of medical students, by shewing the impoftance of those pursuits in a praftical view, is materially serving the-cause of science. Mr. Bell has endeavoured to make his work so plain O a and 212 LIVING and simple, as to be easily understood ; and he has avcjidcd the tedious interlarding of technical terms, which has been too long the pride oi" ana^- tomists and the disgrace of their science. He has endeavoured to preserve the just balance be'- tvvecn' what is amusing and what is useful ; be- tween the looser doftrine of fundions, and the close demonstration of parts. The discourses on wounds, abound in shrewd remark and keen criticism ; but they are not always free from pe- tulance and personality. BELL, JAMES, D.D. Minister of Coldstream, and author of a vo- lume of sensible and judicious sermons, which are direiiled to a pra£lical purpose, without any admixture of what is merely doctrinal or contro- versial. They were published under the title,. Sermons preached before the university of Glasgow : one volume, ofclavo, 1790. BELL, ANDREW,. F.S.S.A.. This gentleman' is one of the proprietors of . the eucyclepiedia Britamiisa ; to which work, in as- sociation with Mr. Fyfe, he contributed the arti- cles. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 213 cles, ANATOMY and surgery. The world will Soon receive from him one of the most splendid anatomical works which it has yet seen; of which a PROSPECTUS was published in folio in th^ year 1787. J3ELL, JOHN, M.D. Member of the medical society of Edinburgh, and formerly a surgeon in the army. He has written a very sensible pamphlet, entitled. An enquiry into the causes which produce, and the means of preventing, diseases among British officers, s(ildiers, arid others io the West Indies; o£lavo, 1791/ BELL, JOHN, The proprietor of a circulating library in the Strand;, which has crossed the meridian of its glory. Previously to the very recent rage for splendid typography he was esteemed the Bas- kerville of his day. His editions of Shakspeare, and the English poets are well known : the latter is greatly inferior, especially in point of accuracy, to that of Dr. Johnson. Mr. Bell also printed a classical arrangement of fugitive poetry, in ten duodecimo volumes j the Pantheon in quarto ; •■• O 3 the 214 LIVING the British Album, or poetry of the wor/i j aiid a spujiious edition . of the letters of Simkin the Second. He is likewise supposed to h^ve had spme concefn in the memoirs of the heroines Bellamy and Baddeley. Some years ago he was the proprietor of the newspapers called the world and the oracle : and at present publishes a weekr ]y paper, entitled. Bell's weekly messen^ GER. ■ ;,.BE1.LAMY, THOMAS. A bookseller in King-street, Covcnt^g^rden. He was for some time the. editor and publisher of the MONxnLY MIRROR, a magazine, consist-, ing chiefly of articles relative to plays and play- ers. Mr. Bellamy has written two oftavo vo- lumes of r,iiscELi,ANiES in prose and verse, (1796), in which a life of his friend Parsons the comedian is the principal article j Sadaskj, n novel in tvvo duodecimo volumes, (1798); and (we believe) a musicali prelude brought out at the Haymarket in 1789, entitled the friend§, or benevolent planters. The cobler however had better stick to his last, BELOE, ENGLISH AUTHORS. ^15 BELOE, REV. WILLIAM, B. D. F.A.S. Reftor of AUhallows, London-wall. The son of a late very respe£lable china-man of the city of Norwich. , He was educated at the uni- versity of Cambridge ; obtained the vicarage of Earlsham, with Bow-thorpe annexed, on the death ■of Mr. Offley in 1791 ; and succeeded Mr. Mence, lo the re£lory of AUhallows, in the year 1796. Mr. Bejoe has also been for some time master of Emanuel-hospital, Westminster. His publica- tions have been. Ode to Miss Boscawen ; a pamphlet, quarto. The rape of Helen, from the Greek of Co- luthus ; with miscellaneous notes ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1,786. Poems and translations ; one volume, o£lavo,| J788. : , The history of Herodotus, translated from the Greek. : with notes j four volumes, oftavo^ 1791. The attic nights of Aulus Gcllii^s, translated into English ; three volumes, o£tayo, 1795. Miscellanies, consisting of poems, classical extra£ls, and oriental apologues ; three volumes, duodecimo, 1795, O 4 As 2i6 LIVING As a poet, Mr. Bcloe discovers taste ratlicj tliEHi extraordinary genius ; and his pieces of this description have not produced their author any very distinguished credit. Of the volume of poems, in which the translation from Coluthus was reprinted, only a few copies were sold. As a translator he has been much more successful ; and, though even in this walk he seldom disco- vers the hand of a master, he, has the merit of adhering to the general sense and spirit of his original, amid all the latitude in interpretation in which he indulges. His notes we think |iecu- liiirly ingenious ; they abound in information, and discover extensive reading. Soon after the publication of the hkkodotus, the first volume of a translation of the same author, by. Mr. Lem- pricre, made its appearance ; and the complex tion of the work was hinted to depend on the success which this first specimen should expe- rience : no continuation has, however, hitherto appeared, Mr. Beloe, in association with Messrs. Nares, W. '1 ookr, and the late Mr. Morrison, edited the new edition of the biographical di£tionary, in fif- teen oftavo volumes ; a work which, from its in- feriority of execution, we are sorry to say, brings no credit whatever to any of these names. He is also, in association with Mr. Nares, a princi- pal cpndu£tor of the British miif, a review, whose religious ENGLISH AUTHORS. 417 religious and p6litical principles are highly com- ihendable ; and whose literary criticisms, though in general inferior to those of the monthly review, are very' reSpe£lable. ' We obje£t, hovvever, in this publication, to an undistinguishing severity frequently apparent in it, toward Writers of a dif- ferent persuasion in the points above alliided to; all authors who are not of the right faith in church and state, appearing too much in the true can- dour and charity of the inquisition, to be piously broken on the wheel. To Mr. Beloe the public is likewise indebted for the English translation of of the Arabian nights ehtertainments, and for Joseph, translated froiri the French of Bitaube. He was also one of the translators oi Alciphron's epistkf^ published in an oftavo volume, in 1791. BELSHAM, WILLIAM, ESQ. A gentleman of fbrtune, resident at Bedford; and a writer of considerable reputation as a whig- historian of Great Britain. He has published. Essays, philosophical, historical and literary; two volumes, oftavo, 1789, 1791. Observstions on the test laws, in reply to a review of the case of the protestant dissenters ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1791. Historic memoir on the French revolution, to which ai8 LIVING which are annexed, strlftuies on the refleilions of the R. H. Edmund Buike ; a pamphlet, o£iavo. Examination of an appeal from the new to the old whigSy (with remarks on Mr. Burke's lett.r to a f^emier of the national assembly) ; a pamphlet, joftavo, 1792. Remarks on the natqrc and necessity of a Parliamentary reform ; a pamphlet, oftavp, 1 793. Memoirs of the kings of Great Britain of the house of Brunswic- Lunenburg; two volumes, octavo,, 1 793; ; , j^lemoirs of the reigri of George III. to the session of parliament ending A. P. 1793; four vplumes, oclayp, 1795, Remarks on the bill for the better support and maintenance of the poor, now depending in the house of commons; a pamphlet, quarto, 1797. Remarks on the observations of Major Scott, relative to the administration of Warren Hastings, l^sq. in India ; a pamphlet, ottavo. The history of Great Bfitain, from the revo- lution to the accession of the house of Hanover ; two volumes, p6lavo, 1798. Two historic dissertations, I. on the causes «f the ministerial secession, A.D. 1717 ; 11. on the treaty of Hanover, concluded, A^D. 1725; with some prefatory remarks, in reply to the ani- snadversions of the Rev, William Coxe, in his memoirs ENGLISH AUTHORS. 4t^ memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole /*a pamphlet, quarto and oftavo, 1798. In praise of Mr. Belsham's first publication, we are sorry that we can say nothing ; as we have ever been of opinion, that his ess ays display neither depth of information,' brilliancy of con* ception, nor elegance of expression. His pam* phletsy as their titles sufficiently indicate, are on the anti-ministerial side of the question ; [and they contain all the charafteristics peculiar to their date and to their party. Mr. Belsham's eight o£lavo volumes on the history of Great Britain, have been reprinted colle£liveIy in four quartos, as a connedted history from the revolu- tion, to the session of parliament ending in 1793. In the charafiler of historian, he is enlightened and ingenious ; but his strong attachment to whig principles perpetually clouds his eye-sight. Having in his memoirs of the reign of his present maj^styy represented the conduft of Mr. Hastings in a point of view highly illiberal and injurious, this part of his work was answered from the press by two pamphlets, the more conspicuous of which^ was written by Major Scott ; who se- verely,' and justly reprimanded his refleftions on the conduct and principles of a chara£ter, which had stood the test of so rigorous an examination. )3EL- 220 LIVING BELSHAM, REV. THOMAS. J A sociiiian minister at Hackney, and brother to the subjedl: of the preceding aiticle. He suc- ceeded Dr. Ashworth, as tutor in the dissentipg academy at Daventry ; whence he removed to the.j^cw-college. Hackney, as professor of di- vinity ; and was chosen pastor of the Gravel-pit meeting on the .resignation of Dr. Priestly in 3794. Mr. Belsham delivered a charge at the ordination of the Reverend Timothy Kenricki. in the new naeeting, Exon,, July 28, 1785, v/hich was published, together with a sermon by thq Reverend Thomas Jerv'is. He delivered another CHARGE at the ordination of the Reverend Wil- liam Field, of Warwick, July 12, 1790, which was also published, together, with a sermon ^by Pr, Priestly. Beside these pieces, Mr.. Belsham ^as published. The hnportance of truth and the duty of jnaking an open prufession of it, (a sermon preach- ed /sprij 28, 1790, at the meeting-house in the Old Jewry, tp the supporters of the New-cgllege, Hackney), oQavo, Dishonest shame the primary source of the corruj)lions of the christian dottrine ; a sermon, preached ar the Gravcl-i^^.it meeting in Hackney, April 6;, 1794 j oftavo, A le- ENGLISH AUTHORS. zzi A review of Mr, Wilberforce's treatise, en- titled, (f fraSlical view of tbi( prevailing religious system of professed christians, ^c. in' letters to A lady; one volume, oftavo, 1798. The sermon on truth has been very highly applauded. BENJOIN, GEORGE, ESQ. Of Jesus'-college, Cambridge. This gentle- man, a foreigner, while an undergraduate in the university, published, Joriah, a faithful translation from the origin- al ; with philological and explanatory notes, (and a preliminary discourse, proving the genuineness, the authentic! ry, and the integrity of the present text); one volume, quarto, Cambiidge, 1796. The integrity and excellence of scripture ; a vindication of the much-controverted passages, Deut. vii. 2. 5. and xx. 16. 17. whereby the_;Wf- «ess of the commands they enjoin are incontro- vcrtibly proved, and consequently the obje£tioris of Thomas Paine and Dr. Geddes completely refuted J a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1797. The first of these publications owed its origin to a strong desire in the author to propagate a general knowledge of his favourite Hebrew tongue; and the book Is one instance among many of the shameful prostitution of the Cam- ' bridge £2i LIVING bridge university-press.* The pamplilet is a compound of vaniiy, sophistry^ misrepresenta- tion, ignorance and impertinence. BENNET, MRS. ANNA, MARIA. A novel-writer of very rcspeftable talents. She is the mother of the celebrated actress, Mrs. Esten, who owes, we have been told, much of her fame to Mrs. Bennet's instrudtions. Her publications have been, Anna ; or, memoirs of a Welsh heiress ; four volumes, duodecimo, 1784. Juvenile indiscretions, a novel ; five volumes, duodecimo, 17S5. Agnes de Courci, a domestic tale ; four vo- lumes, duodecimo, 1789. Ellen, countess of Castle-Hovv'el j a novel, four volumes, duodecimo, 1794. The beggar girl, and her benefaftors; a no^ vol, seven volumes, duodecimo, 1797. The first and last of these pieces have pe- culiar merit. * What gooil thing, from Kipling's codex dosVn to Simeon'! •ermons, has this jffcss oi late years produced .' BEN- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 223 BENNET, REV. JOHN. A clergyman of the church of England, who has been for many years, and we believe, still continues to be, curate of St. Mary's, Manches- ter. He has written, A discourse against the fatal praftice of du- elling, occasioned by a late melancholy event, and preached at St. Mary's, Manchester, March ^3' 1783 '> quarto. Divine revelation impartial and universal ; or an humble attempt to defend Christianity upon rational principles, against the infidelity and scep- ticism of the age, (with notes) ; a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1783. The advantages of Sunday schools, a scrmori j preached for the benefit of that useful arid excel-- lent charity at St. Mary's, Manchester, Oftobei 2j 1785? (with an account of the iiistitiition), quarto. ' ' 1 ' ; Stri£lurcs on femak education ; chiefly ais it relates to the cultufe of the heart : in four essays: one volutne, small o£lavo, 1787. ' ' Lettprs to a young lady on a variety of Useful and interesting subje£ts, calculated to improve the heart, to form the manners, and enlighten the understanding; two volumes, duodecimo, '1789. The 4124 LIVING , The second of these pieces, in which Mt. Bonnet appears to great advantage as an inge-* niouSj learned, and candid reasoner, was aimed at certain distinguished unbelieverSj as Hume, ■Voltaire, Raynal, and Gibbon. It is an attempt to obviate the capital objeftions to Christianity, by proving that the uniform, unvarying plan of the deity has been the diffusion of religious in- formation, and happiness to all the people and ages of the world ; that if his mode of doing this, as well as the nature, the degree, and extent of the revelations he hath vouchsafed may have va- ried, and consequently have had the appearance of partiality, yet this mode, and these revelations will be found on enquiry, to have been the best accommodated to the times and seasons in which they have been given, and the dispositions of mankind to receive them, in different ages, coun- tries, and circumstances, upon the principle of that free-well, free-agency and choice which con- stitute the very essence of intelligent creation. The STRICTURES were published anonymously, and as a specimen, introdu£iory to the work which follows them. Mr. Bennet's volumes on this subjeft are pleasing, though they boast little originality. BEN- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 225 BENNET, WILLIAM. Formerly a dissenting teacher. He has pub- Jislied, A sermon, preached at the meeting-house on the pavement, Moorfields, (on the national thanks- givings July 29, 1784), oaavo. A concise view of religious worship, and or the nature and order of new-testament churches; a pamphlet, duodecimo, 1784. Youth reminded of a future judgment, a ser-i mon, (on the death of Mr. John Vowel, Decem- ber 24, 1790), o£tavo. Waiting for God's salvation, a sermon, (on the death of Dr. Samuel Morton Savage, Febru- ary 21, 1791)} oftavo. , The sermons are veiy respe£table, and the ■VIEW is principally taken from a 'tra£l by Dr, 0\vcn, printed in 1667. BENNET, REV. ABRAHAM, Curate of Workswotth, in Derbyshire, and a gentleman who is well-known as the ingenious inventor of a new ele£lrometer. He has written a description of this invention, and an account V©L.I. P «f H^ LIVING of a doublet of eleGricity in the philosophical trait>- ia£tions for 1787 ; and has published. Experiments in electricity ; ojie vqlume, 00 tavo, 1 790. * BENNET, REV. THOMAS, Of Trinity-college', .Cambridge, This geiv- tle.man has; published a vpluine of well-written leftures, which were preached pursuant to th' Clielsca. He forn|erly kept a school ih Qiiaket*e-' buildings, West-Smithfield, and hats written some respeflable little books, chiefly designed for the use of schools ; viz. Grammar epitomised, - ' i The universal reckoner ; 1778. Arithmetic, in the first four fundameiitali-dks; oftavo, 1779. .: A system of naval mathematirs i one volume, duodecimo,- 1787. fel- t^o LIVING BICHENO, REV. J. A baptist minister of Newbury in Berkshirtf. He is one of the most ingenious of those enthu- siastic gentry who discover so many prophecies in the book of revelations, which bear reference to the circumstances of the present times. He has written, A friendly address to the Jews ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1787. . The signs of the times ; parts I. II. oftavo. .3792,1794.^ A word in season ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1795. The probable progress and issue of the com- motions which have agitated Europe since the iFrench ; revolution, argued from the aspe£t of things, and. the writings of the prophets; a pam- phlet, oftavo, 179.7. BIDLAKE, REV. JOHN, B.A.> : Chaplain to his royal highness the Duke of Clarence, and master of the grammar-school at Plymouth, This very ingenious writer was edu- cated at Christ-church, Oxford, and was for some time chaplain to the Earl Ferrers. His puV>licatigns have been, A sci:- ENGLlSti AUTHORS. 241 A sermon, preached at the chapel in Stone- house, near Plymouth, on Oflober 22, 1786, be- fore the subscriber* to a sunday-school, establish- ed in that place ; quarto. A sermon, preached before Lord Viscount Mount Edgecumbe, and the amphibious lodge of free and accepted masohs, on laying the foun- dation-stone of SU George's chapel, in East Stone- house, Devon ; quarto, 1787. Elegy, supposed to be written on revisiting the place of a former residence ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1788. w Slave-tradd 3 a sermbn, pi'eached At Stone- house chapel, December 28, 1788 ; quarto. < A sermon, pteached at St. (jeorge's chapel, Stonehouse, before the society of free and ac- cepted masons, September 28, 1790, (the day. appointed for interring the Duke of Cumberland, grand master of England) ; quarto. Poems J a pamphlet, quarto, 1794. Sermons on various subjefts j one volume, oftavo, 1795. ~ ' The sea, a poem i a pamphlet, o£lavo, 17961 The country parson^ a poem ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1797. Three of the discoursesi on particular ofcca- sions, were reprinted in the o£lavo volume of ser- mons ; which is entirely praftical, and does Mr* Bidlake great credit, for the rational pleasure Vol. I. Q and 242 LIVING and improvement which it is calculated to affbrd.- The :^LEGY was also reprinted in the quarto roEMs, after passing through two editions. It is written with the simplicity of Gray's elegy', and in that pensive kind of poetry which con- tains a charm that always recommends it to the admirers of nature. To the charafter of a first- rate poet, Mr. Bidlake's- poetical piecea. can not entitle him to aspire, but his imagination is bold and vigorous, and he is by no means destitute of poetiie' genius. He is sincerely attached to the cause of veligion and virtue, as well as to the in- terests of elegant literature j. and he possesses a lieart which is susceptible of all the finer feelings of humanity. In the last of the pieces above «?uumerated, lie is by no means an unsuccessful imitator of Spenser. BIG.fcAND,. RICHARD, ESQ. Son of the late Ralph Bigland, Esq. garter principal king of arms. This gentleman has pub- lished from his father's papers,^ with additions by himself, Historical, monumental and genealogical col- httiojis, relative to the county of Gloucester ;i two volumes, folio, (No, I. 1786). 1: riL^ ENGLISH AUTHOT^S. 24^ BILLINGSLEY, JOHN, ESQ. Of Ashwick'grove, near Shepton-Mallet, So- mersetshire. The author of a vohime which was originally drawn u^ for the consideration of the board of agriculture, and which displays great agriculture^ knowledge, entitled. General view of the agriculture of the county of Somerset, with observations on the means of its iinprovcmcnt ; octavo, 1797. BINGHAM, REV- RICHARD. This gentleman was educated at New-col- lege, Oxford, and was for some t'me a fellow of that society.' He was afterward made minister of Gosport chapel, and has published two well- written sermons, which he preached in that cha- pel, viz. / The favour and prote£lion of God, an infinite source' of national gratitude and joy, (preached April 23, 1789, on the King's recovery), oftavo. A fast-day sermon, for April 19, 1793; o6lavo. Q 2. BING- fc44 ' LIVING BINGLEY, W; I'ormerly a printer and publisher ; bat at pre- sent warehouseman to Mr. Jahn Nichols. He was the publisher of the North Briton, and we are told he has written several political tra£ls. Wc have seen only one publication to which his name appears; viz. the riddle, by the unhappy G. R. Fitzgerald, Esq. with notes hy W. Bingky, a pamphlet, quarto, 1787. BIRCH SAMUEL. Deputy of Cornhill-ward. This shallow li- terary coxcomb, who is scribbling his way to city honours by fulsome flattery* at St. James', was designed by wise dame Nature for the creditor'* siile of a ])astry-cook*s counter. But not content with this inglorious allottment he has aspired to it * The loyal, ear being particularly tickled by ene of tbs city adJicsaes, and enquiry being made for the authoi, Mr. Deputy liiich wan named-!-" A good boy, a good boy," sard his' Majesty ; " I think he wiifes as well as any body." TIhs absolutely intox- ica;ed poor Birch; vyho finding that the farces he is eternally scrib- bling are not so well relished as his puff paste, now sejiousiy means ( it is said ) to continue Hume's IwMory of England under reyal prjte'flian. unite ENGLISH AUTHORS. 245 lanite in himself the charafters of moral writer, poet, dramatic author, declaimer in the common comicil and Comhill-pastry-cook. He married a neice of the Reverend Dr. James Fordyce ; which circumstance gave the Dr. such offence, as to induce him to enter into a newspaper contro- versy on the subjeft, in which he addressed his new relation by the name of Mr. Pattypan. The deputy has written, Consilia, or thoughts on several subje£ls ; affeftionately submitted to the consideration of a young friend; one volume, duodecimo, 1785. The abbey of Ambresbury, a poem; quarto, parts I. and II. 1788, 1789. The mariners, a musical entertainmcjit, in two a£ls, ( Drury-lane), 1793;. jr.. The adopted child, a musical drama, in two a£ts. (Drury-lane), o£tavo, 1795, The smugglers, a musical drama, in two r£Is, (Drury-lane), bQavo, 1796. Fast asleep, a farce, (Drury-lane), 1797, (condemned). Of these pieces, the poem is the best. No man, however, writes more for the benefit of the pastry-qoojc th^n Mr. Deputy Birch. ^ 3 KlRl^^ 24<5 LIVING BIRD, JAMES, BARRY, ESQ, Of New-Inn. Conveyancer. This gentle- man has published. The new pocket conveyancer, or attorney's complete pocket-book ; comprising a short se- leflion, and great variety of the most valuable and approved precedents in conveyancing ; two volumes^ duodecimo, 1796, An assistant to the praftice of conveyancing; containing indexes, or references to the several deeds, agreements, and other assurances, com- prised in the several precedent books of autlio- rity now in print, from the time of Sir Orlando Bridgman to the present period ; one volume, du- odecimo, 1796. The former of these publications possesses the advantage of combining the theory with the prac- tice of conveyancing ; a requisite which, although it is exceedingly material, has been too much negledled. The latter work refers to such col- lefctions only as are known to be prodntlions of real and acknowledged eminence, and furnishes the conveyancer with precedents adapted to al- most every vjiriety of circumstance. nis, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 247 BISCHOFF, FREDERIC, F.M. S, Oculist to his Majesty, in the electorate of Hanover, and to her Majesty in England. The authoi* of a useful pamphlet, entitled, A treatise een communicalcd by this celebrated professor in his le(ftures only ; which, if he had committed them to the press, would more materially have promoted the cause a^nd extension of scjencc. Mis publications have been, Dissertatio inauguralis de humore acido a cibis orto ct magnesia alba ; Edinb. 1754. Exi)erinients upon magnesia alba, quick-lime, and some other alkaline substances, (essays and obServat. pliys. and lit. Edinb. vol. 11. p. 157). The supposed cfFecl of boiling upon water, jn disposing it to freeze more readily, ascertained by cxperhnents-j (philos. transaft. 1775, p. 124). BLACK, WILLIAM, M. D. Of Piccadilly. Member of the royjil college of physicians, and of several literary societies ; and brother, we believe, to the subject of the pre- ceding article. This gentleman pra£lises as a physician in London; and employs his /m^r^ in writing political pamphlets, or letters for the morning chronicle. He has published, , Observations, medical and political, on the small- ENGLISH AUTHORS. ±d imall-pox and inoculation ; and on the decrease ©f mankind at every agej a pamphlet, o£lavo, »78i. An historical sketch of njedicine and surgery, from their origin to the present time ; and of the pirincipal authors, discoveries, improvements, im^ perfeftions and errors ; one volume, oftavo, 178a. A comparative view of the mortality of the human species at all ages, and of the diseases and casualties by which they are destroyed or annoyed, (with charts and tables) ; one^ volume, p£tavo, 1788. Reasons for preventing the French, under the mask of liberty, from trampling upon Europe j a pamphlet, oftavo, 1792. In the first of these publications, Dr. Black entered at some length into the controversy be- tween Baron Dimsdale, and the patrons of the inoculating dispensary in Londoii ; very wannl/ taking part with the latter, and animadverting on the baron with more strength than liberality. His HISTORICAL SKETCH isaveiy exception- able performance as well in point of narration and opinions, as in that of language ; and the COMPARATIVE VIEW, like the icst of his pro- du£tions, abounds in the ostentation of impor- tance, while it contains little or nothing that i& (fithcl- jiew or useful. ITio political pamphlet, appears «5t LIVING appears to be well-meant, but abontids too much m inflammatory invectives. Dr. Black also edited the oh serv at ions .upon niilitay and political affairs, (one volume, qfilavo, 1796), written by General George Monk, atter-- ward created t)uke of Albermarle. BLACKSTONE, HENRY, ESQ." Of the Inner-temple. A commissioner of bankrupts, a s})ecial pleader: and a gentleman of distinguished merit as a reporter. He has published. Reports of cases argued and determined in ibe court of common jileas, (from Easter term, 1788, to Hilary term, 1796, both inclusive), two volumes, folio, 1788-1796, This useful undertaking, is to be continued by Air. Araham Moore, of tlio Temple, and >Iessrs. Bpsanquct and Fuller, (vide Bosanquet). BLAGDEN, SIR CHARLES, KNT. M. D. F. R. A. S. Ac. Elect. Palaj. ET Amer. Socius, Ac. Scient. Paris. Corresp. A member of ihc council of the royal society, and EN G LI S H A UTH O R S. 45/ and physician to tlie army. Wc introduce this gentleman into our catalogue rather from the credit which his name will contribute to it, than from the bulk, of his publications ; these con- sisting almost entirely of papers in the philosophi- cal transactors. He has written, Dissertatio de causa apoplexia;j o£lavo, Edinb. 1768. Experiments and observations in an heated room, (philos. transadl;. 1775, p. m and 484). On the heat of the water in the gulf-stream, (ibid. 1 781, p. 334). Account of some late fiery meteoi's, v»ith ob- servations, (ibid. 17B4, p. 201). Observations on ancient inks, with the pro- posal of a new method of recovering the le- gibility of decayed writings, (ibid. 1787, p. 450- Experiments on the cooling of water below its freezing point, (ibid. 1788, p. 125). Experiments on the efFeft of various sub- stances in lowering the point of congelation ia water, (ibid. 1788, p. 277). Ilistory of the congelation of quicksilver, (ibid. 1783, p. 329). BLAIR, ii54 LIVING BLAIR, HUGH, D.D. F.R.S.E, One of the professors of rhetoric and th* telles lettres, in the university of Edinburgh. This celebrated writer is the son of a rcspeftablo clergyman of the church of Scotland. Having himself made choice of the same profession, he was ordained to the parish of Collesie, in Fife- shire, in the year 1743. The fame of his preach- ing, which even at that early period made him conspicuous, did not allow him to continue here long ; and in a few months after his ordination, he was translated to the canongate church at Edinburgh. There he remained till 1752, when he was chosen one of the ministers of the city, and was preferred in 1758, to the metropolitan, or high church. His early hitvo^lufiion into Edin- burgh, the scat oi an university, and the resort of many learned men, afforded him an excellent opportunity of pursuing those literary objc£ls, wliich almost from his earliest youth, he appear- ed to have in vigv\\ Accordingly, about tlie tin^e of his promotion to the high church, he opened a class for rhetoric and belles lettres, and read there the first sketch of those Icfturcs which have since been presented to the public. They •were go well received, that in 1759, Dr. Blair was ENGLISH AUTHORS, 255 tvas created the first regius professor of rhetoric and belles lettres in the university of Edin- burgh. At an early period of Dr. Blair's life, while he and his cousin, Mr. George Bannatine, were students in divinity, they wrote a poem, en- titled, THE RESURRECTION; copies of which were handed about in M. S. No one appearing to claim the performance, some person, more de- sirous of fame than delicate in the means of ob- taining it, published in 1747/ an edition of it in folio, to which the name, William Douglas, M. D. was appended as the author. When, after being long admired as a prea- cher at Edinburgh, Dr. Blair determined to pub- lish a volume of his sermons, he transmitted his M. S. to Mr. Strahan the printer. After keeping it for sonic time by him, that excellent judge, in the plenitude of his booby consequence, wrote a let- ter to the dodior, discouraging the publication. Having, however, sent one of the sermons to Dr. Johnson for the sake of his opinion, he re- ceived from hini, after the unfavourable letter to Dr. Blair was dispatched, the following note ; / have read over Dr. Blair's first sermon with more than afprohatien ; tp say it is good^ is to say too little. Soon after' this, Mr. Strahan had a con- • versalipn with Dr. Johnson on the subjeft 06 these sermons, in consequence of which he wrote again c:(^ LIVING Eii'oin to Dr. Fjlair, incloKing Johnson's note and kijreeiiig, in association with Mr. Cadell, to pur-' chase the vohmic for one hundred pounds. Upon its very iiivouruble' receptionj these proprietors presented the author with another lool. and paid him 300). for. his second vokime^ and double that sum for the third. The list of Dr. Blair's publications is as fol- lows, j A critical dissertation on the poems of Os- sian, the son of Fingal ;; a pamphlet, quarto, 1763. Sermons; oftavo, vol. I. 1777, vol. II.* 17S0, vol in. 1790, vol. IV. 1794. Le£turcs on rhetoric and belles letters ; two volumes, quarto, 1783, (reprinted in three vo- lumes, oftavo). The compassion and benevolence of the tleily ; a sermon, preached before the society foe the relief of the sons of the clergy of the established church of Scotland, in the Tron church of Edinbnrgh, May 20, 1796 ; oftavo. Beside these, we recollecl to have seen an edition of English poets, in forty-two small vo- lumes, selected by Dr. Blair; a short memoir, prefixed to the third volume of sermons, by the • The last serjnoa in this valuni'? vras originsflly publishei singly. late ENGLISH AUTHORS. 257 late Mr^ Robert Walker, one of the ministers of the high church of Edinburgh $ and a chara£ter of that author, prefixed to the fourth volume of the same colleftion of sermons. In the controversy respefting Ossian's poemSj Dr. Blair early engaged himself 3 and he became the avowed champion of Mr. Macpherson. The substance of his ingenious dissertation on that subjeft, was originally delivered in his course of rhetorical lefilures at Edinburgh. He applied the rules of criticism with great justness to the poem, and pointed out those beauties, which are so strongly marked with the charafters of an- tiquity. With the merit of Dr. Blair's colltfilion of SERMONS, the principal source of his reputation, all our readers are acquainted. It has expe- rienced a success, unparallelled in the annals of pulpit eloquence ; and the two first volumes procured the author a pension from her Ma- jesty. The prominent feature of these dis- courses, is their happy talent of convincing the judgment, and at the same time afFe£ling the heart. Subjefts of the highest importance are discussed in them, neither with the frigidity of abstra£l speculation, nor with the false glare of puerile oratory : but they are treated with that manly and impressive eloquence,, which can only be the result of the most happy union of good Vol. I. R sense* 258 , LIVING sense, correft taste, a lively imagination, and a heart deeply tinftured with religious sentiments. In the enjoyment of lettered fame, there are other men who participate with Dr. Blair : but in the application of talents and of learning, to render mankind wiser or better, there are few literary charafters who can claim an equal share ; and however we may be disposed to consider his sermons as the produ£lions of genius and of taste, when we regard them in this more impor- tant light, we feel them entitled to that still rrtore honourable fame, which is the portion of tlje wise and good alone, and before which, all literary splendour disappears. The LECTURES of Dr. Blair have also found ftiany readers and admirers, He has colle£ted a great mass of excellent materials in these dis- courses ; and in a general view appears to great •advantage in this instance also as an author. Upon a critical discrimination, however, his credit \vill be found to suffer some diminution. He arrogates to himself too much the honour of ori- ginality, when he ought to have contented him- self with the . praise of labour. His work is a valuable tissue : but neither the cloth, nor the gold, nor the silver, are his own. He is a pio- neer, not an inventor, a servant, not a master ; and in the charafter that belongs to him, and %vith the qualifications which he possesses, he has ENGLISH AUTHORS. ±59 lias done much, and is worthy of applause. His industry is very distinguished, and from rhetoric and the belles lettres, he removes much rubbish arid many obstru£lions. Had he been less ambi-' tious in his plan, and brought his matter info a narrower compass, we must acknowledge, that in our opinion^ he would have done a more con- siderable service to his country. His aversion from refinement, and 'Lcp'-cism, his good inten- tion's, his reSpedt for received opinions, his in- dustry, and his experience in tlie art of teaching, would have enabled him to have presented to young men an intjroduftory treatise on the studies of composition and eloquence, which might long have occupied a place in our schools and univer- sities, and have spread his reputation in the line that is most suited to him. The clergy, of Scotland have long been divi- ded into two parties : the one has sought for po- pular favour, by cherishing those sentiments of bigotry and fanaticism, to which the people there are so unhappily disposed : the btheir has uni- formly endeavoured to check or to eradicate those sentiments, and to establish the principles of ra- tional and mdderate religion in their place. In this partyj Dr. Robertson for many years took the le^j and, by his abilities and eloquence, con* tfiSuted more than atiy one to the efFe£ling of their great bbjeft. Although Dr. Blair was never R 2 a spea-f i6o LIVING a speakfer in the national asseinbllesof the church; he always a£\ed in conjunftion v/ith his learned and respeftabie friend : and has niaintained a charaftor so truly moderate, that, though pos- sessing the full confidence of his friends,, he has been very little obnoxious to his opponents. He can moreover boast a success, proportioned to tlie, ability and diligence which he has exerted, in difFi.ising taste and the love of elegant litera- ture througli his country, in maintaining the peace and justice of her ecclesiastical establishment, and iri enforcing the precepts of Christianity, as well by the powers of his eloquence as by the purity of his manners. BLAIR, WILLIAM, ESQ. M.A. Surgeon to the Lock-hospital and the old Finsbury-dispensary ; and lately surgeon to the Asylum also. A gentleman of eminent skill in his profession. He has written. The soldier's friend ; or the means of preser- ving the health of military men; addressed to the officers of the British army; one volume duodecimo, 1798. Essays on the venereal disease and its con- comitant affections, i;lustrated by a variety of cases: essay f. | a ts 1, il. cftavo, 1798. The KNGLISII AUTHORS. 261 The former of these is a very usefu! pubJica- tion in its present state ; but would have been mote so, had it been written in language better suited to the capacities and information ot suklicrs in general. The latter is oh the antivenereal effe£ls of nitrous acid, oxygenated muriate of potash, and several analogous remedies, which have been lately proposed as substitutes for mer- cury. A great variety of cases are given, which tl>e author's situation, as surgeon to the Lock- hospital, enabled him to colleQ:, and which tend strongly to combat the opinions of Dr. Beddoes, and to recognise the supreme' efficacy of the old mineral in the venereal disease. BLAKE, SIR FRANCIS, BART. Of Twisel-castle, Durham. This gentleman obtained the dignity of a baronet in the year 1774. He has written. On the greatest efFefts of engines, with uni- formly accelerated motions, (philos. transa£);. 1757. P- O- On the best proportion for steam engine cy- linders of a given content, (ibid. 1 757, p. 379). Spherical trigonometry reduced to plain, -{ibid. 1757, p. 441). R 3 The 26? LIVING Th? lunar eclipse, 0£toberii, 1772, obser- ved at Canton, (ibi4. 1774, p-46). Political tradts ; one volume, oftavo. The TRACTS were originally published sing- ly between the ^ears 1783, and 1787! " Having in this form failed to attraft that attention to which their author considered them entitled, he republished them colledUvely, in an o£tavo vo- lume, in 1789, which reached asecond edition in 1795. The subjefts of them are, a proposal for the liquidation of the national debt ; the effi- cacy of a sinking fund of one million per annum ; and the abolition of tithes, and the reform of the church revenue. Their author has been a dili- gent labourer in the field of politics ; and though he may not have written with much efficacy, it will be allowed, at least, that he has written with zeal, as well as with the best intentions to^ ward the public. He discovers a strong taste for inquiry, much patriotic ardour, and not a little eccentricity, in his various speculations, BLANP, ROBERT, M. D. F. A. S, Physician man-midwife to the Westminster general dispensary, "fhls gentleman has writ- ten, Some feNGLISH AUTHORS. 263 Some calculation of the number of accidents or deaths which happen in consequence of par- turition, &c. taken from the midwifery reports of the Westminster general dispensary, (philos. transaft. 1781, p. 355). Account of a woman who had the small-pox during pregnancy, and who communicated the same disease to her faetus, (ibid, vol, ii. p. 204). On the treatment of convulsions during par- turition, ( Lond. med. journ. vol. ii. p. 328). Account of two cases of haematuria, (ibid, vol. iv. p. 282). Observations on human and comparative par- turition J one volume, a£lavo, 1794. The principal purpose of the last of these publications is, to controvert the do£lrines con- tained in Dr. Osborn's essays on thepraSIice of mid- wifery. It contains many valuable remarks on the subjeft of which it treats. We cann6t, how- ever, help expressing our regret, that a differ- ence in opinion should give rise to any petulance of criticism — the cause of truth can receive no support from such means. BLANE. GILBERT, M.D. F.R.S.L.E. One of the physicians extraordinary to the Prince of Wales,, physician to his royal highness* R 4 house- 264 LIVING household, and one of the camniissioners of the sick and wounded office. This distinguished professional charadler, was appointedv physician to the fleet under the command of Lord Rodney, in the year 1780 j and, as his first publication sufficiently proves, he availed himself greatly of the advantages which that field of observation afforded bim. He was also for some time physic cian to St. Thomas' hospital, 'Dr. Blane has written, . Observations on the diseases incident to sea-, men; one volume, o£tavo, 1785. . A Icfture on muscular motion, read at the royal .society, November 13 and 20, 1788; a pamphlet, quarto. A lieet, sometimes exceeding forty ships of the line, wliich Dr. Blane attended in different scenes of aftive service for more than three years, aff"orded him opportunities of making observa-. tions on a large arjd extended scale. To facili^ tate his observations, the commander in chief gave an order, that every surgeon in the fleet should send him a monthly return, stating tho prevalence of disease, the mortality, and whatr ever related to the health of the respeftive ships. While the fleet was in port, he daily supei intend- ed and visited the hospitals, kept an account of the various disorders which prevailed, and endea- voured to ascertain the causes, as well as to mark the ENGLISH AUTHORS. 265 the course of disease. By these means he collec- ted a number of well-established fafts, to serve as a ground-work for investigation ; and by the result of his researches, has, in the former of his pub- lications,*not only thrown additional light on the history of human maladies, but also contributed tQ better the condition of a class of men, who are the bulwarks of our state, but whose lot pe- culiarly exposes them to hardship and disease. He shews in this performance an acquaintance with ancient as well as modern science, but is never misled by hypothesis or theory j neither does he wander into the paths of speculation, from the sure road of indu£tion from fa£ls. A few rash or hazardous assertions, do not dctraft from the general merit of the work. The style is perspicuous and neat, and when the subje£l will admit, it is elegant. Of the ]e£lure founded by Dr. Croone it has been observed, that it somewhat resembles the bow of Ulysses— it has afforded opportunities to several to try their strength, while the bow still remains unbent. The incidental remarks and reasonings of Dr. Blane on muscular motion are valuable and interesting, though the main question continues involved in its ancient ob- scmity, BLANE, s66 LIVING BLANE, WILLIAM, ESQ. F.R.S. iFhis gentleman has published. Essays on hunting; one volume, o£l:avo, 1781. Some particulars relative to the produ£lion oi of borax, (philos. transaft. 1787, p. 297). The ESSAYS are an expansion of a pamphlet written by John Smallman Gardiner, Gent, en- -titled, the art and the ■pleasures of hare-hunting, printed in 1750. The additions are, however, very considerable ; and to a new edition printed in 1788, was added a curious supplement; con- taining an account of the Vizier's maniier of hunting in the Mogul empire ; Mr. Blane having liimself attended some of these excursions. Mis work is dottriual rathtr tlian practical ; and con- sists of general principles, without descending to particular instru£tions. BLAYNEY, BENJAMIN, D. D. Rcn;!i!s professor of Hebrew in the university of O.vtord, and of consequence canon ot Christ- church. A gentleman of very profound erudi- tion. He was educated at Hertford college, Ox- ford, became a fellow of that society, and was fov ENGLISH AUTHORS. 267 for some time one of the preachers at his Ma- jesty's chapel at Whitehall. He afterward ob- tained the living of Polshot, in Wiltshire, was felefted in 1 787, to the Hebrew professorship at Oxford, and has greatly distinguished himself as a scriptural commentator and translator. His publications have been, A dissertation, by way of inquiry into the true import and application of the vision related Dan. ix. ver. 20 to the end, usually called, Da- niel's prophecy of seventy weeks, (with occa- sional remarks on Michaclis' letters to Sir I. Pringle on the same subjeft) ; a pamphlet, quar- to, 1775. Jeremiah and lamentations; a new translation, with notes, critical, philological and explanatory ; one volume, quarto, 1784. The sign given to Ahaz ; a discourse on Isaiah vii. 14, 15, 16, delivered in the church of St. John, Devizes, at the triennial visitation of Shute, Lord Bishop of Sarum, July 26, 1786, (with a pro- posed emendation of a passage in his dissertation on Daniel) ; quarto. Christ the greater glory of the temple ; a ser- mon, preached before the university of Oxford, at Christ-church, November 9, 1788 ; quarto. Zachariah ; a new translation, with notes, critical, philological and explanatory ; and an appendix in reply to Dr. Eyeleigh's sermon on Zacha' i6S LIVING Zachnriali i. 8-11, (to which is added a new edi- tion, with alterations, of the dissertation on Da- niel) ; one volume, quarto, 1797. In liis DISSERTATION On Daniel, the study and criticism of this learned divine produced a translation very different from that in the com- rno;i English bible, as well as from that of M'l- chaclis. It is less liable to objcftions, particu- cularly as it has no recourse to that ingenious, but uncertain and unsatisfying method of com- putation by lunar years : it extends also to those verses of the chapter which Dr. Michaelis seem- ed to give up as inexplicable, almost in dispair of ever attaining a probable solution of the diffi- culty. The translation of Jeremiah and la- mentations is upon the plan of Dr. Lowth's Isaiah ; and does great credit to its author boih as a translator and a critic. 1 he same may be said iespe£ling the translation of Zachariah : and it may be added, that the candour and liberality which Dr. Blayney opposes in this instance to the intemperance and acrimony of his antago- nists, do him the greatest honour. Dr. Blayney also took uncommon pains in corre£ting the text of the edition of the common version of the English bible, which was printed at the Clarendon press, in quarto, in the year 1769. lie made a great number of additional references in the margin, and produced the most; corre£t ENGLISH AUTHORS. i€^ corre£l: bibie in our language : but unfortunately a large part of the impression was soon aticrward burned at the bible warehouse in Paternoster- row. BLICK, REV. FRANCIS, M.A. Vicar of Tamworth, in Warwickshire. This gentleman was educated at St. John's college, Oxford. He has been curate of Sutton- Cold- field, in the county of Warwick, and of VVisset, in the county of Suffolk. While he served the former of these curacies, he was accused by his reftor, the Reverend John Riland, of preaching dodtrincs fundamentally erroneous, in a sermon on John vii. 17, which he delivered in his parish- church, on January 30, 1791. From this charge Mr. .Blick appealed to the public by the publi- cation of his sermon, together with the letters which passed respe£ling it betw.een him and Mr. Riland. The neighbourhood sufficiently marked their approbation of Mr. Blick's con- duO, by the long list of subscribers which ac- companied his pamphlet j and, the sermon con- taining the genuine sentiments of Christianity, the public will no doubt acquit him of the charge brought against him, and look upon his accuser as having more zeal for orthodoxy, than know- ledge or candour. BLIGH, 270 LIVING BLIGH, WILLIAM, ESQ. A post-captain in his Majesty's navy, whose sufferings some years ago excited a considerable degree of public attention. At the latter end, of the year 1787, when he was a lieutenant, his Majesty's ship, bounty, sailed from England under his command, to convey young plants of the bread-fruit tree, from Otaheite to the Westt Indies. The beginning of the voyage was pros- perous : the ship arrived at Otaheite, was laden ■with the plants, and was dire£Hng its course to- ward Tofoa, when a mutiny broke out, which was headed by Mr. Fletcher Christian, the mas- ter's mate. Including every person on board; the ship carried foi-ty-six men. Captain Bligh, together with such of the officers and seamen as would not join the conspirators, to the number of eighteen, was forced into an open boat, and, with a very scanty stock o'f provisions, and nO fire-arms, they were consigned to the mercy of the ocean. After suffering hardships, which ex- ceeded all that human nature was thought capa- ble of sustaining, sixteen of them miraculously survived their miseries, and at last arrived at Batavia. On his return to England, Captain Bligh published, A nar- ENGLISH AUTHORS. ayi A narrative of the mutiny on board his Ma- jesty's ship, BOUNTY ; and the subsequent voy- age of part of the crew in the ship's boat, from Tofoa, one of the Friendly Islands, to Timor, a Dutch settlement in the East-Indies, (with charts); a pamphlet, quarto, 1790. A voyage to the South sea, undertaken by command of liis Majesty, for the purpose of conveying the bread-fruit tree to the West-In- dii^s, in his Majesty's ship the Bounty, (including the preceding) ; one volume quarto, 1792. An answer to certain assertions contained in an appendix to a pamphlet, entitled, minutes of the procced:ngs on the court martial held at Ports- mouth, August 12, J 7 92, on ten -persons charged luith mutiny on board his majesty's ship the Bounty ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1794. Mr, Edward Chrirtian the brother of Flet- cher Christian, wrote the appendix alluded to iiv the last of these publications, in vindication of his brother's conduct : and it must be confessed that, general and strong as was the tide of popu- lar, sentiments in his favour on the first appear- ance of Captain Bligh's narrative, opinions have subsequently differed materially concerning the merits of his case. BLl^ 272 LIVING BLIZARD, WILLIAM, ESQ. F.R.A.S, SOC. R, Sc. GOTTINO. CORRESP. One of the surgeons to the London hospital^ and a gentleman of eminent professional talents* He has written, A new method of treating the fistula lachry- malis, (philos. transaft. 1780, p. 239, and Lond, med. journ. vol. i. p. 62). Desultory retiedions on police : with an es- say on the ineans of preventing crimes and amend- ing criminals ; a pamphlet, otlavo, 1785. Experiments and observations on the danger of copper and bell-metal in pharmaceutical and chemical preparations ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1786. A lefture, containing plain descriptions of the situation of the large blood-vessels of the ex- tremities, &.C. a pamphlet, o6tavo, 1786. On the external use of emetic tartar, (Lond. med. journ. vol. viii. p. i). On the use of eleftricity in deafness, (ibid, vol. xi. p. i). Suggebtions for the improvement of hospitals and other charitable institutions j a pamphlet, oQavo, 1796. Mr. Blizard was a zealous member of the Lon- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 373 London military foot association ; and liis pam- phlet ON POLICE is partly employed in comme- morating his own merits and those of his coad- jutors : but whatever be his worth as a man and as a citizenj it came disguised in his capacity of author, in this instance, in an unusual frippery and affe£tation. The important pamphlet on copper and bell-metal, was orignally printed in vol. vii. of Duncan's medical commentaries, and was republished with a few additions. The LECTURE was pubHsed with the humane view of rendering the application of the tourniquet generally well known, especially amOng such as, from their profession, are peculiarly exposed to wounds of the great arteries. The objc£l of the pamphlet on hospitals is of a local nature, and the author's views are particularly dire£ted to the extension of the funds, and patronage of the London-hospital. His great anxiety for the ex- tension and improvement of surgical science, was not long ago particularly evinced, by his being one of the liberal few, who wanted to exercise despotic sway over the chara£ters and property of the profession at large.* BLORE, * If ever the corporation is ertahlished on a liberal and enligh- tened plan, we mEy hope to see it promoting science, fojtering me- rit., repressing' empiricism, and thus, by consulting public utility, fulfilling the contrail, which is virtually madehy every exclusive establishment } between tb« country which gives, and the company • Vol.. I. - S which 274 LIVING BLORE, THOMAS, ESQ. F. A. ST. Of the society of tlie Middle-temple. This gentleman has written a history of the manor and the manor-house of South Winfield, in Der- byshire, published in No. III. of the miscellaneous antiquities, iiv continuation of the billiotheca tofo- gra^hica Britannica. This amusing and interest- ing account, which' we are told, is part of an in- tended history of Derbyshire, is comprised in a letter to the Earl of Leicester, to some of whose ancestors, (the Pcvcrels), this portion of land, among others, was allotted by William 1. BI^OWER, ELIZA, A novel-writer of considerable respefl ability;, but who would have written better, had she vfrhich receives the charter. The ancient administration, to use the words of an elegant writer, was a bad one ; which, like that in. Warwic-lane, poisoned the corporation into torpor and useiessness. Without a liberal plan of internal management, which admils no Jietin8ion of menibers, but s«ch as superior merit in knowledge and abilities points out, nothing will be achieved : a few crafty men will usurp the whole government, whose interest will consist in pre- vrnring general meetings, lest the lamp of emulation should be light- ed, and Itst, whiJc the new college shone forth with all the splendor «f science, their own little glory should be eclipsed and lost, written ENGLISH AUTHORS. 275. written less in a hurry. She is a native of Wor- cester, was born in the year 1763, and is the daughter of a gentleman, distinguished some- time ago by his steady and therefore unfor- tunate attachment to an unsuccessful * candi- date for her native city. Her first novel was written before the age of seventeen j and her literary exertions have been made with a view to benefit her family, in which, we are sor- ry to hear, her* success has borne little pro- portion to her merit. Her publications have been, The parsonage-houSe i three volumes, duo-, decimo, 1780. George Bateman ; three volumes, duodeci- mo, 1782. Maria; two volumes, duodecimo, 1785. Features from life, or a summer visit : two volumes, duodecimo, 1788. BLYTH, REV. ROBERT. Chaplain to the corps of Rutland yeomanry cavalry. This gentleman, on the occasion o( • From the misfortxines of this attachment, We may reasonaW/ pfesvime, the susceptible genius of this lady derived the idea and power of so liappily executing the eleflion incidents, interwoten ig GsvRGE Bateman. S 2, alaU 276 LIVING a late nomination of a candidate to represent th# connty of Rutland in parliament, made a speeclr at the castle at Oakham, which he afterward published ; to vindicate hiniself, as he asserted,, from the attacks of injustice, and the aspersions, of- rhalevol'ence. A very severe animadversion on Mr^ Blyth was produced by this publication, in a penny pamphlet, which was unowned by either author or publisher.. This gentleman has likewise published, A sermon, preached at Uppingham, before the Rutland yeomanry cavalry, after the conse- eration of their colours,, Oftober. 29., 1795,;. ci^uarto. BOADEN, JAMES.* A student of the temple, and one of those play-makers who share the laurelsof the modern, drama. He was formerly a banker's clerk, af- terward became for some time proprietor and condu£loi'of the newspaper called the ouaclk, • Better known among the players and his fpiendSj by the name cf Billy, which he aa|iiircd through liis excessive vanity, avowing liiinself equal to Shaksptarc, and that he soon cxpaSlcd to givi Bi/ljl the go bj — Mr. B. assures every body that he lias a niche appointed for him in the abbey whenever he dies : but we presume, if we may be allowed a pun, tliat he has only an itch to have one, without te- rioiisly intending to cany his intolerable vanity so far as the grave, ■ ■ -* • and ENGLISH AUTHORS. ■ 277 «ncl is still a frequent paragraph-grinder to the morning prints, tvhen occasions serve,. His pro- duftions haye been. The prisoner, a musical romance in three -afts, (Drury-lane, 1792), oftavo. Fontainville forest, a play, in five a£ts, (Co- Vent-Garden, 1794), oftavo. The Secret tribunal, a tragedy, in five a£ls, {Covent-Garden, 1795), o£tavo. A letter to George Steevens, Esq. containing a critical CKaniination of the papers of Shak- speare, published by JVIr. Samuel Ireland ; to which are added extrafts from Vortigern : a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1796. The Italian monk, a play, in three afts, (Haymarket, 1797), o£lavo. Cambro-JSritons, an - historical play, in three afts, (Haymarket, 1798), o£tavo. The PRISONER and the secret tri-bunaI. were taken from German novels ; the latter of them was borne only for two or three iiights. Fontainville forest, and the Italian MONK were respeftively taken from Mrs. Rad- cliffe's celebrated romances, .the romance of the forest and the Italian; they were both of them received with considerable applause on the stage. The fable of the CAMBRO-BarTONS, which dis- plays neither ingenuity in invention, nor skill in developement, carries us back to the thirteenth S3 century, 273 LIVING century, when our third Edward, in his attempt to reduce the principality of Wales to subjeftion: met with a gallant resistance from the brave Llewellyn. In the preface to this piece, Mr. Boaden informs us that he enjoys the public fa- vour and therefore defies criticism. His play may in truth fairly defy particular analysis, and indeed classification j it being impossible to say, whether it ought to be called a tragi- comedy, or operatical farce. If the public do favour such produftions, it is' Mr. Boaden's interest to con- tinue to write ; but were a relish for perfor- mances of genius to become exclusively 'fashion- able, he would find his time mis-spent in dra- matic manufaQure, as his commodities would be no longer marketable. Respefting' the Shaksperian M. S. S. Mr. Boa- den, while editor of the Oracle, was a believer ; but, when author of Font ainville forest, he changed sides. BOLLAND, WILLIAM, ESQ. 4 i 1 This gentleman, who is at present engaged the study of the law, was educated at Reading-, school and at. Trinity-college, Cambridge. He obtained the Seatonian prizes in the university, for the years, 1797 and 1798; the subjefts of which were miracles and the epiphany. The ENGLISH AUTHORS. 279 Tlie poems were printed according to the con- ditions of the institution, and the first of them ■was dedicated, as a mark of gratitude and esteem, to Dr. Valpy, of Reading-school. We are sorry ' to add, that these pieces are not calculated to re- trieve the icharafter of this prize for poetical es- timation. BOLTON. JAMES. Of Halifax. Natural history painter, and member of the natural history society at Edin- burgh. He has published the following valuable works, wVich are founded on personal observa- tion, and do him great credit, viz. Filices Britannicai ; an history of the British proper ferns, with plain aud accurate descrip- tions, and new figures of all the species and va- rieties, &c. one volume, quarto, 178^. An history of fungusses growing about Ha- lifax, (with copper-plates) ; four volurnes, quaf- to, 1788-1791. Natural history of British song-birds j two volumes, large quarto, 1794. S 4 BOL- a8o LIVING BOLTON, GEORGE. Teacher of geography, the use of the globes, Sic. to the princesses, and in families of high dis- tinflion. He has published an ingenious pam- phlet, entitled. Remarks on the present defeftive state of Hrc-arms, (with an explanation of a newly-inven- ted patent gun-lock) ; o£lavo, 1795. BOLTS, WILLIAM, ESQ, This gentleman was, many years ago, one of the aldermen of the mayor's court at Calcutta ; and was, during many years, in the service of the East India company. Having the misfortune to interfere with governor Vcrelst in his private trade, he was seized by him, and sent by force to England, on a charge which the governor was never able to substantiate. He could, hovvever, obtain no farther satisfa^ion, than that of expo-- sing the conduft of the company's servants, in a publication which he made : and, being unable to get himself re-instated in the service of the company, he went to Vienna, where he was em- ployed by the late emperor Joseph, as chief di- rc£lor ENGLISH AUTHORS. zSi reSor of his East-Indian concerns. This station he occupied for many years ; having the whole controul over the subordinate agents, as wgll at Ostend as at Trieste : and we believe his savings in the emperor's service, are the support of his present fidvahced age. The publication above alluded to, is. Considerations on India affairs, parts I. and II. three volumes, quarto, 1772-1775. Part I. was answered by Mr. Verclst, which produced part II. in rejoinder. BONHOT^, MRS. ELIZABETH. This lady has written, Olivia; three volumes, duodecimo, I787. The parental monitor j four volumes, duode-* cimo, 1788, 1797- ,: Darnley vale j three volumes, duodecimo, 1789- ' Ellen Woodleyj two volumes, duodecimo, 1^90. ^ ; .. Bungay castle j . two volumes, duodecimo, 1797- . Rambles of Mr. Frankly ; four volumes, du- pdecimo. The PARENTAL MONITOR is an excellent book for the instru£lion and amusement of young minds : 282 LIVING minds : and in her novels, Mrs. Bpnhotc is a na- tural, easy, moral, and, generally speaking, not an inelegant writer. BONNYCASTLE, JOHN. Mathematical master at the royal military academy, Woolwich ; and a mathematician of .considerable eminence, although his publications have been chiefly for the assistance of tyrones in that branch of knowledge. Mr. Bonnycastlc formerly kept an academy at Hackney, and was a frequent mathematical correspondent with the London magazine, previously to his more exten- sive views of authorship. His performances, of every description, are charaflerised by a certain "degree of scientific and masterly execution, which renders them peculiarly proper for forming the dilations and habits of the pupil upon correft and solid apprehensions — there is an air of science fin every thing he executes, however humble the subjeft. His scholar's guide is perhaps the ibest cyphering- hok we have, for the student who designs to pursue the study of the mathematics to extent; and his introduction to astro- nomy, conveys the most excellent information, in a style so familiar, and under an arrangement iso judicious, as to form a veryattradive, as well as ENGLISH AUTHORS. 283 as a very useful volume for youth. The list of Mr. Bonnycastle's publications is as foUov/S, viz. The scholar's guide to arithmetic ; one vo- lume, duodecimo, 1780. An introduQlon td mensuration and praQical geometry; one volume, duodecimo, 1782. An introduflion to algebra; one volume, du- odecimo, 1782. An introduction to Astronomy ; one volume, oQavo, 1786. Elements of geometry; one volume, o£lavO| 1789. BOOKER, REV. LUKE, L.L.D. ' Minister of St. Edmund's, Dudley. This gentleman has published, V The highlanders, a poem ; a J)amphlet, quar-r to, 1787. Poems on subje£ts sacred, moral and enter*" taining ; two volumes, duodecimo, 1788. A sermon, preached in the parish-church of Old Swinford, Worcestershire, March 30, 1 788 : tjuarto. Miscellaneous poems ; one volume, small oc- tavo, 1790. A sermon, preached at St. Edmund's church, m Dudley, and published for the purpose of crefiling a monument in it, to the memory of its pious »34 LIVING pious founder, ^Ir. George Bradley; o£tavo, Sermons on various subje£ls intended to pro- mote christian knowledge and human happinessj one volume, octavo, 1.792. Malvern ; a descriptive and historical poem; quarto, 1798. As a preacher. Dr. Booker aspires at the praise of forcibly impressing important sentiments on the mind, rather than at that of amusing it with abstj^ft speculation : he possesses a talent ior description, and a familiar and pathetic cast of language, very well adapted to that kind of preaching, .which iaptism Examine J; one volume, duodecimo, 1792. The examinations of padobaptism, contain some very weighty obje and is author of, A letter to the Right Honorablei Edmund Burke; a pamphlet, o£lavo. 1791. Observations on the a;ppeal from the neix) to the old whfgs, and on Mr. Painc's rights of man i one volume, o6tavo, 1792. Sor- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 287 , Sorrows: sacred to the memory of Pen e- j,oPE ; folio, 1796. From the two first of these publications it appears, that the political principles of Sir Brooke Boothby are those of a firm constitutional whig. He opposed Mr. Burke as a tory, and Paine as a democrat. The last publication is a most ele- gant monument, raised as a tender testimony of paternal regret, to the memory of an only child j to which the allied arts of poetry, painting, and sculpture, with that of typography, have contri- buted some of their most exquisite ornaments, Fuseli, Sir Joshua Reynolds and Banks, in as- sociation with other artists, exercised their hap- piest powers in the designs. BOSANQUET, JOHN, BERNARD, ESQ. Of Lincoln's-inn, This gentleman, in asso- ciation with Mr. Christopher Puller, of the In- ner-temple, is publishing, in folio numbers, re- ports of cases argued and determined in the courts of common pleas and exchequer chamber. Mr. Abraham Moore has advertised a continua- tion of the reports of Mr. Henry Blackstone, from Easter term, 1796, to Hilary term, 1797 • and the publication of these gentlemen com-; menced at the period at which Mr. Moore's was^ to 283 LIVING to conclude. The cases which have already ap- peared, arc given in a distinct and and accurate manner. BOSCAWEN, WILLIAM, ESQ, The commissioner superintending the cooper- age at the viftualling office, a counsellor at law^, and a commissioner of bankrupts. This gentle- jnan, whose chara£)er is equally respeftable in private life, and in the republic of letters, is ne- phew to the celebrated Admiral Boscawen. He was educated at Etjon, and resigned his gown as a counsellor at laiv, to become a commissioner of the viftualling office. His literary produ£lions have been, A treatise on conviftions on penal statutes^ one volume, oftavo, 1792. The WORKS of Horace, translated into Eng- lish verse ; two volumes, oftavo, 1793, 1797- The progress of satire, an essay in verse : with notes, containing remarks on the ■pursuits of literature; a pamphlet, oclavo, 1798, • Supplement to \\.\& p-ogress of satire, contain- ing remarks on the answer that has been attemp- ted to be given to it ; a pamphlet, ofilavo, 1799. The first of these publications is calculated to assfist magistrates in one of the most difficult and important parts of their duty : it contains the ENGLISH AUTHORS. 289 the rules which have been laid down by the su* periqr courts, arranged and illustrated in such a manner, as to make them more easy in their ob- servance and . application. As a translator of Horace, we think Mr. Boscawen has been most successful in the odes ;* and, although he doerf not appear to have been very singularly endowed by nature with the poetical fire, indispensible for that desideratum, which we may safely predi£l never will be supplied in our language, a just poetical version of Horace, it is no contemptible praise, that his, generally speaking, is the best translation we have. For many of his notes he acknowledges himself indebted to the celebrated Dr. Foster of Eton-college. Mr. Boscawen has come in for a large share of that flippant impertinence which Mr. Mathiasf has * We are deciclediy of opinion tliat Mi-. fiosCiiWcil would more cffeflually have consulted his fame by leaving the satires and epis- tles in the hands of Francis. •f- The following anecdote is recomtnended to tlie notice of thosii who hive any remaining doubts that this little Jtsuit Mat, as he is now commonly called, bore a part, in the fursuitt of literaturet Not long before the publication of the fifth edition of that work, and before the second volunne of.Mrt Boseawen's Horace wa« publistied> ' a Common friend of Messrs. Boscawen arid Mathias ac- costed the former oil the subje£l of his translation, and told him hti hoped he would soon favour the world with the Satire; and epistleti Mr. Boscawen replied that his work Went on «lowIy, for he treatid it rather in the light of an occasional amusement than of a task s M an instance of which he added that he ^omctiract pttt Horace Sa hit Vot. I». T pock*^ 290 . LIVING " ' has dealt about him with such freedosti' arid pfC' sumption in the: pursuits of literature y and Ave arer sorrythat he has betrayed a considerable- de-gree of concern on the occasion. His eSsay on the PROGRESS OP SATIRE^ wh'ich has'secri two fedi-^ tions, was origiiial'Jy aimed at the whrk only^ of tlfe antagonist. It traces, with gre'at ihgenuity, thfe progress of satire, from its origin in Greece, t& its improvement under the Rorrtah bards •; an,d thenee, ta its- still higher culture in our own cOUfitry, by thfe masterly produidtions of Pope, Voting;' a few of their contemporaries, atid ©rie or l\vo ©fbur later' poets ; since whom, this Species t>f poetry has "been so degraded^' from a system of morals to a vehicle for prejudice and niaiig--' nity, that it is tennpted to attacks oh private charafters,-' and' to a species of'tyraniiy'over li' teraturc which discourajjes laudable exertion. ■jiiakct Vfheri hetOttk JiSs'morning I'ldc, and |)ei'hil|rs translated a few- lines during his exercise. In the note respe^iVig Mr. Boscawen at '■p.- ft4-l of- the jth edition •{ the P. L. we fiiw.1 these'woi-ds ; / ca/i ia've' na vlyeSlha tO'-aHy geftlleMtiis'9'a/iiulilng himself ixith making tiefses in his morhh^'-ridts, &c, Mr-i 'B; struck ^liedr and learned from him that'-he hadneveii repeated Mr. Bbscawtn's vvordsto any pbr- ^en«xclt:pt' the Jesiiit.- The gentleman farther :dec4ai'ed .11131 lie •Vrtjold, tievw speak to Mathias again for h4s pitiful, ungentecl bei. %avioui> s' i\\& thei'eipLile had shame enough in him to omit t Ual art ■^ hiUBcfe-in-klfthe-subsequciittditions «f his walk,. *-<--i »' represses English authors. 291 Impresses modest merit, and poisons thd best sources of rational pleasure. The main obje£t in fa£l of the' essay is, to shew that satire is per- verted from its proper objeftj-^ the reformation of morals, or of taste;,— -when it is applied solely to the topics of the day, and made a vehicle for personal malice. In the second edition, the pla^ of it was considerably altered, and the notes were aimed more at Mf. Mathias, as the author of the pursuits of literature. In point of judgement and candour, Mr. Boscavven approved himself supe- rior .to his adversary : in harmony of versification he is also superior ; although his produ£l;ion is without that pompous, pedantic display of learn- ing which distinguishes the mass of studium sini divite vena of his antagonist. The second edition drew down the vengeance of the little man upon the progressionist, in the rambling, ill-written prefatory epistle to the translation of the quota- tions in the pursuits of literature^ which we may' safely isay is the sole produ£lipn of Mr. Mathias* This produced the above-mentioned supple- ment: in rejoinder, and the contest has been car- ried to pevhaps a ridiculpus excess. As comba- ■ tants, however, the manliness and generous senti- ments of Mr. BpsQfiwen, appear to great advan- tage when cpptrasted with that obliquity of cha'* rajEter which disgraces' his riyah . . ' T a POU* 49^ LIVING BOUCHER, REV. JONATHAN^ M. A. F.A.S. Vicar of Epsom in Surry. An able and de- vout minister of religion, whose voice has at all times been exerted in defence of God's holy word and ordinance, and in support of the sources of all legitimate authority upon earth. He resided for many years in America ; and since his return to England, he has had the good fortune to ob- tain a friendly legacy, a rich wife, and the above- mentioned living. Mr. Boucher has published, A viev/ of the causes and consequences of the American revolution ; in thirteen discourses, preached in North America^ between the years, 1763 and 1775 : with an historical preface j one volume, o£tavo, 1798. Two assize-sermons, (preached at Guildford and Carlisle, July 30, and August 12, 1798-)^ each a quarto pamphlet. The VIEW is dedicated to George Washing- ton, Esq. tmd is a produ6lion which does the greatest credit to its energetic and sensible au- thor. The preface contains anecdotes and ob- servations, respe£ting the writers and most emi- nent persons concerned in the American revolu- tion ; as well as an account of the author's con- nections and preferments in America, The as- ' size- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 293 size-sermons are animated, judicious and instruc- tive ; and fully justify the unanimous request of the grand jury yXo which we. are indebted for their publication. • Mr. Boucher is at p'resent engaged in Com- piling a provincial glossary, which will consist of at least two quarto volumes. BOURNEj ROBERT, M.D. Chemical reader in the university of Oxford, •one' of the physicians to the Radcliffe-infirmary, arsd feUbw of the royal college of physicians. This gei^tleman was appointed reader in che- mistry at'' Oxford, in the year 1793. He has published, Au introdu£tory lecture to a course of che- mistry, read at the laboratory in Oxford, on Fc4 bruary y^ 1 797 ; a pamphlet, o£tavOj 1797. ' ' Oratio. in theatre coll. rcg. med. Lond. ex Harveii instituto, habita die 0£lob. 18. An. 1797^ quarto, 1797. The former of these is att ingenious and very elegant little tra£t. The latter adverts, with a decent elation, to the then recent vi£lory gained by the college over its competitors of the licen- tiate tribe, and" contains a judicious summary of ■the medical life of Dr* Warren. T3 BOW- 194 LIVING BOWDEN, JOHN. . • 1 A stone-reason of the city of Chester. •■ He is ' the author of a useful bodk; for tonibstone-in'« scribers, entitled, • The epitaph writer, consisting of upward of ■ six hundred original epitaphs, moral, admqni^ tory, huraoiirous and satiricalji (with an essay on epitaph-writing); one volume, duodecimo, 179 r, .,.■ 1,1 .'. •.., : ' ■ . .) 1 .1';. -- .,! . . i!: I ; ■ BOWDI4ER, THOMAS, ESQ.' RR. A.S, ' Of . New . Norfolk-street. I This ' gfentleman has published, ■ • ■' L'etters, written in Holland, in the months of September and Oftober, I'^S;, (with a colleftibn of paper? 1 relating to thejouiwcy pf the princes? of Orange, on. June zS, 1787) j .6ne volume, oc- faVq;, 1.^88. ■■■■:.■ ', : • , . BPWEN,' REY.^fHQMAsl M^A. : ;';• fi^'w ' i: ; • l ■y_'.ii;u -if ■■'^!'r'!r ' 1'':'..' ,, Chaplain ,,(^f^ Bridpvyell-hospitjal,, piinister.ojf Bridewell-precinftj chaplain tp|the. Temple-)::|ai; and , St, Paul's-distridl: military ^^ss9|^i^"ti^">: ^"'l, ■ • T 4 also -296 LIVING also to thq present Lord-mayor. This gentleman has published. An historical account of the origin, progress, and present state of Bethlehem-hospital ; a pam- phlet, quarto, 1783. Thoughts on the necessity of moral discipline in prisons, as preliminary to the religious instruC' tion of offenders j a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1798. A companion fpr the prisoner ; ofitavo, 1798. The duty of loving oqr country 5 a sermon, preached at the cathedral church of St. Paul, July 22, 1798, before the Temple-^ba'r aqd St. J^aul's-distrift military association j (juarto; The eiEcacy of courage in a good cause ; a thanksgiving sermon, preached at St. Paul's, be- fore the Lord Mayor, &c. November 29, 1798." Of the first of these pamphlets it is sufficient to say, that it received the approbation of the governors of the hospital. The second contains several opinions which are deserving of consider- ation j and it places the benevolence and mo- desty of the author in a most respeftable point of view. The sermon on the love of our coun- try, is a judicious exhortation to that duty, and a seasonable antidote to that false philanthi-ophy which instrufts her votaries to soar beyond the vulgar prejudices of domestic charities and na- tional endearments, and finds a fitter cause for exultation in the success and exertions of an pnemy, BOW' ENGLISH AUtHORS. 297 BOWEN, CAPTAIN.— See Mrs. Gunning. ■ ' BOWLES, JOHN, ESQ. Barrister-at-law, and a conveyancer. Tliis gentleman is a son of the late John Bowles, a printseJkr in Cornhill. He has gained himself distinguished credit as a political writer 5 and wc believe he owes to this success of his pen, the places of a commissioner of bankrupts/ and one of the commissioners for the sale of Dutch prizes, which he at present holds. The publications of Mr, Bowles have been the following oftavo pamphlets, viz. Considerations on the respeftive rights of judge and jury : particularly upon trials for libel; 1791. Two letters to the Right Honourable Charles James Fox ; occasioned by his late motion in the bouse of commons reijpefting libels j (with an appendix to the second letter) ; three pamphlets, 1791,1792,1792, A short answer to the declaration of the per- sons calling themselves the friends of the liberty of the press ; 1.793. The real grounds of the present war with Frances 1793. Dialogues .«98 ,.w LIVING Dialogues on the rights of Britons, between a farmer, a sailor, and a manufafiturcr ; 1793. Re.flc6Honi} submitted to the considerqtioo of the combined powers; two pamphlets, 1794, 1795- Thoughts piijhe.pjijgin and fprmation of po- litical constitutions ; 1795. A .protest, against T. Painc's r'fghis af.pan; Thrte letters addr let- TEP.S to a British. merchant, contain refle£tionS dit the foreign and dbrnestic politics. of this coun- try, with some particular striftures on the^pMS- chievous tendency o^the conduQ pursued, by op- position.: and th?rJ!eply to. Mr. Erskine's pamphlet is fair:, dispassionate and sensible. ' ,,'' " .B<)WLES. REV. WILLIAM, LISLE. ! J Of D.onhead, fieaf; Shaftsbury. A gentle- ■man. of very etainSnt poetical taleiitSi He was educated at Winchester-college, under the tui- ,-tion of Dr. Joseph Warton!; and, afterward bes- came a member, and subsequently a fellow, of Trinity-college, Oxford. The sonnets of Mr. Bowles, wliich have been so greatly admired, ,were his first publication, and made their first appearance in a quarto pamphlet, in the year 1789. Th^y have siri'ce that time been frequent- ly reprinted, w.ith additions, in a smaller form ; f I and $00 LIVING and with particular elegance, at Bath and at London, in the years, 1796 and 1798. Mr. Bowles has also written the following pieces, published in quarto pamphlets ; viz. Verses to John Howard, F. R. S. on his statt 0/ prisons and lazarettos; 1789.* ' The grave of Howard, a poem ; 1790. 'Verses on the benevolent institution of the philanthropic society, for protefting and edu- cating the children of vagrants and criminals ; 1790. ^ Monody, written at Matlock, Oftober, 1791. Eleqiac stanzas, written during sickness, at Bath, December, 1795; ^79^- Hope : an allegorical sketch, on recovering slowly from sickness ; 1796. Coorabc Ellen : a poem, written in Radnor- shire, Septeii\bcr, 1798. The poecry of Mr. Bowles is exquisitely pa- thetic, and peifefctly original. He possesses the power of awakening the finer feelings, to a de- gree of even painful sensibility. Next to pathos dignified simplicity appears to be its leading charafter. • To this publication are added some pathetic lines on the deatl^ of the author's friend, Mr. Henry Headley, a young man of an 3miable ch.irafter, and of the most promising abilities. He wrote seleSl beauties cf ancient English poetry, tvitb remarks; two VQ- Jumes, cr3^v^ oflavo, 1787, and a iivt paems, BOW" ENGLISH AUTHORS. 301 BOWYER, W.— See Dayid Williams. BOYD, REV. HENRY, M.A. Of the kingdom of Ireland. This gentle- rnan has published, A translation of the Inferno of Dante Alig- hicri, in English verse, (with historical notes, the life of Dante, and a specimen of a new trans- lation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso) j two vo- lumes, oftavo, 17 85, Poems, chiefly dramatic and lyric ; one vo lume, oftavo, Dublin, 1796. In the TRANSLATION, a too rigorous atten- tion to fidelity, has in general prevented Mr. Boyd from giving to his poetry that ease and smoothnes, of which some passages, written con amore, prove that he is not incapable. In the volume of poems, the subjefts are not in general very happily adapted to interest the feelings of the reader, though it discovers considerable pow- ers of invention and fancy in the author. Mr. Boyd is about to publish a romance in verse, under the title of the captives. BOY- 302 LIVING EOYDELL, JOHN AND, jqSIA:R Two persons, whose spirited and successful attempts to improve the arts, have rendered their names celebrated among the most eminent be- pefaftors to their country, and to society. . Mr. John Boydcll, the uncle of Mr. Josiah, and an aHernKin of the city of London, was born at Donnington in Lincolnshire, in the year 17 19. His father, to the profession of a land-surveyor, added that of agent and manager of estates to several of the principal nobility and gentry in his neighbourhood ; and he bred his sqn to' his own profession. But the young man, having discor vered a predilpction for the art of engraving, came to Lopdon, and at the age of twenty-on.e, bound himself apprentice to Mr. Toms, the en- graver of a print which had very forcibly attrac- ted . his attention. With his subsequent success in this line, and his consequent elevation in the world, every reader is acquainted ; and he is him- .sclf a rcriiari^able instance of the truth of h.isown assertion — that industry ^ ■patience and -^^r sever ancci ^nitecl to talents, are certain to surmount all difficult ties. The singular honour with which he has acquitted himself in the duties of a city-magis tratc, is also well known : and that, beside fona ENGLISH ^AUTHORS. s°^ ing a school of engraving in this country far supe* rJor to that of any other, he hiid the foundation for a'" school of British historical painting in the splendid establishment of the Shakspeare gal- tERY. It is moreover a proud anecdote for our country, and a high compliment to the patronage of the public, that, at the close of the eighteenth century, when tlve Vandalic rage of the French is levelling their litei-ary fame, as well as every other mark of civilization, a single family in England should be found enterprizing enough to riak a hundred thousand pounds in pub« lishing magnificent editions of her celebrated poets, SbakspeaRe and Milton. The&d munificent patrons of the fine arts are also pub- lishing the history of the principal rivers of Great Britain, a most superb work, in folio; of vv^hicb two volumes are at present published, complet-r ing the account of the river Thames, BOYS, WILLIAM, ESQ. F.A.S ■ A sutgeon (we believe) of Sandwich, m Kent; • About fifteen years ago he published, in association with Mr. George Walker, bookseller at t'evei'shamj a neat ColleStion of minute an4 rare shells, discovered in the sand of the sea-. share. 304 LIVING shore, near Sandwich, in a thin quarto Volume. Mr. Boys has also written. Case of a child who swallowed a pin, (Lond. med. journ. vol. vi. p. 401). History and antiquities of Sandwich ; two volumes, quarto, 1792. BOYS,, JOHN. A farmer who has published one of those ac* curate surveys of the present state of husbandry in a part of this kingdom, from the multiplica- tion of which, agricultural knowledge may gra- dually receive important improvement. It is en- titled, A general view of the agriculture of the coun- ty of Kent ; o£tavo, i 796. BRADFORD, WILLIAM, ESQ. Attorney-general of the United States of Ame-^ rica. He is the author of a very masterly pam- phlet, which was drawn up at the rcques,t of the governor of the State of Ifennsylvania, and ori- ginally printed at Philadelphia, but afterward Re- printed in London. It is entitled. An ENGLISH AUTHORS. s^S An enquiry how far tlie punishment of death is necessary in Pennsylvania, &c. o£tavo, 1795. BRAND, REV. JOHN, M.A. F.A.S. Secretary, and a member of the council, of the society of antiquaries, London. This gen- tleraan is a native of Newcastle upon Tyne, and was educated at Lincoln-college, Oxford. While a batchelor of arts in that university, he publish- ed a very pretty poem on illicit love, sup- posed to be written among the ruins of Godstow- nunnery, near Oxford. It was published in a quarto pamphlet, in the year 1775. The sub- sequent produftions of Mr. Brand have been. Observations on popular antiquities ; includ- ing the whole of Mr. Bourne's antiquitates vuU gares: with addenda to every chapter of that work ; as also an appendix, containing such arti- cles on the subjeft as have been omitted by that author; one volume, o£tavo, 1777, Explanation of the inscriptions on a Roman- altar and tablet, found at Tinmouth-castle, ini Northumberland, 1783, (archaeolog. vol. viii. p, 346). The history and antiquities of the town and county of the town of Nevvcastle-upbn-Tyne j in- eluding an account of the coal-trade of that place. Vol. I. U and 3o6 LIVING and embellished with engraved views of the public buildi|igs ; two volumes, quarto, 1789.' An historical essay on the principles of poli- tical associations in a state, (with an application of those principles); a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1796; A defence of the pamphlet ascribed to J. Reeves, Esq. and entitled, thoughts on the Eng~ Ush.gpvarnmmt ; a pamphlet. - ' The first of these publications is agfeat'im-*^ provementof the antiquitates vulgares, and is high- ly enterfaining as well as.instru£live. . The his- teiiy, of. Ne\sf castle is a veryiSplendid work. Most readers will; objeft to the. frivolous prolixity and jejunei minuteness with which it has been indus- triously, executed : ' but they must fit tl^e same ■ time. 1. acknowledge,, that Mr. Brand appears ta- have! spared no pains. in amassing his extraordu- nary collection of materials '; that he has pre- served' the historical detail with uninterrupted exa£ln6ss J ,and above all, that he has manifested by. the multiplicity of notes, and references, a de- gree of learning, and an exlent of enquiry, which, ill, a.:noblerf fiald of historical research, might, have, .crowned, his. labours with more than com- mon approbation.* " ' In ^flJT^ie Iqw price qt which this work is at present sdli],.is ojiaiigy we conjycfliiie,.to the great. inun)'ofi- of copies which were printed. Slid to tfce death* of ihe bookseller, at whose expc'nce it was pub- • '■' Itihed. ENGLISH AOtHOkS. 367 th the ESSAY, whleh is interspersed with tnany tesicellent and useful remarks bn ijie situa- tion of these countries, Mr* Brand compares Mr. -ReeVes' associations with the association insti- tuted by the whig-club for the repeal of certaiin statutes; and shews that the former. wete 'ihtiti^ cent in their organization and laudable in their piii-pose, \Vhile the latter was constituted on prin* ciples dangerous to the stitfe, ^nd dii:e£led to th6 subversion of established laws. BRAND, REV. JOHNi M.A, This gentlemanj.if we be rightly informed^ Was educated at Caius-college, Cambridge ; and took his degree of B. A» with great credit to him^ self as a m them&tical scholar, in the year 1766. When he became a Master of dris in the univer"- sity, he wrote conscience, an ethical eissay, in* tended as a candidate for one of the Seatonian prizes : but an accidental • d^lay which it n^et V/ith upon the road, occasioned its being" pre- sented to the vice'-chancellor two days after the time apjidinted by the will of Mri Seaton ; and therefdre it could not be admitted to the; contest. lUhed. The whol* impressioti was sold on the latter ofccasion aC a very low price ; which has probably caused a valuable book to b» •'lightly i^egaided. 3(?8 LIVING Mr. Brand, however, published his poem in a quarto pamphlet, in the year 1772; and it met w ith applause for some bold and poetical pas- sages wh ich it contains, as well as with censure for some turgid and prosaic ones. The subse- quent publications of Mr. Brand have been. Observations on some of the probable efFefts of Mr. Gilbert's bill, (with remarks deduced fron» Dr. Price's account of the national debt) ; a parft- phlet, oftavo, 1776. The alteration of the constitution of the house of commons, and the inequality of the land-tax^ considered conjointly; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1793. A sermon, on Luke xix. 41, 42, preached on the occasion of the fast, February 28, 1794; quarto. Considerations on the depression of the funds,, and the present embarassments of circulation ; with propositions for some remedies to each j a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1797. The profundity and ingenuity of Mr. Brand's political pamphlets have gained him very distin- guished credit. He is an excellent calculator, a powerful reasoner, and a very acute and able writer. Of the pamphlet on the alteration of the constitution of the house of commons, and the in- equality of the land-tax, it may be said, in parti- cular, that the English press has seldom produced io masterly a produ£tion. BRAND, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 309 BRAND, THOMAS. Of Soho-square. Member of the corpora- tion of surgeons, and surgeon extraordinary to the royal hospital at Greenwich. He published, in the year 1778, in an oftavo pamphlet, a trans- lation of M. Sage's experiments, shewing that the volatile alcali fluor is the most efficacious remedy in the cure of asphyxies, or apparent death by drowning, &c. Mr. Brand has moreover writ- ten, . Chirurgical essays on the causes and symp- toms of ruptures; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1783. Tiie case of a boy who had been mistake*! for a girl ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1787. Strictures in vindication of some of the docr triaes misrepresented by Mr. Foot, in his two pamphlets, entitled, observations upon the new epiniotts of John Hunter, in his late treatise, &?<■. a pamphlet, quarto, 1787, The EXPERIMENTS are curious and inter- esting : some of them were made by the late ce- lebrated and lamented philosopher in chemistry, Lavosicr, who was murdered during the tyranny of Robespiere, in France. Mr. Brand has re- peated some of them successfully. InthecHi- HURGICAL issAYS, the author shews, with U 3 great 310 LIVING .( '■ great ability the dangers to which ruptured pa- tients arc exposed, from the ignorance of per- sons calling thprnsely^? (rusS'makers. The frauds which are practised, and the dreadful conse- quences which follow their operations, are pro- perly, exposed ; and Mr. Brand's success in im- proving the treatment of these cases has been very distinguished. In his striqtures, Mr. Brarid correfts the forwardness and petulance of "^r. Foot with great severity, though not with- out propriety. He copvifls hini of numerous misrepresentations and mutilatedquotations, while he endeavours to establish Mr. Hunter's claim to the many improvements which were derived from \]\m. He is occasionally too violent— but we must forgive the grateful zeal of the pupil in defence of his master's fame. BRANDE, AUGUSTUS, EVERARD, Apothecary to her Majesty, and author of. Experiments and observations on the i^ngus- ti'.ra-bark ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1791, This bark has been given with great success in dysenteries and diarrhaeas, in fevers, particu- larly in agues, and in all diseases requiring ge- neral tonics. It differs completely from that of the glauca and grandi^ora, and seei^fis to resenible the Brucea antld^smeriga, BRAY, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 3^1 BRAY, WILLIAM, ESQ.- F.A.S. ' - ■ . ■ ,'■■;!'!■ Of Great-Russel-street, Bloomsbury. A, soli- citor of considerable eminence, and author of. Sketch of a tour into Derbyshire and York- shire, including part of Buckingham, Warwick, Leicester, Nottingham, Northampton, Ledford^ and Hertford shires : one volume, oftavo, 1778. Observations on the Indian method of pifture- xvriting, (archseol. vol. vi. p. 159). .On the Leicester Roman military stone, (ibid, vol, vii. p, 84). Remark on Mooke's account of some Dru- idical, remains in Derbyshire, (ibid. vol. vii. p. 178)- Account of the obsolete office of purveyor to the King's household, (ibid. vol. viii. p. 329), Account of a Roman road, leading from Sou- thampton, by Chichester and Arundel, through Sussex and Surrey to London, (ibid. vol. ix. p. 96). iThe TOUR was originally published anony- mously, and the author's name was prefixed to art improved edition, in the year 1783. It is a very sensible performance, discovering its author to be well qualified to remark whatcyer he found worthy 6( attention, as well &s to communicate U 4 ' in 5u LIVING in a liberal and agreeable manner the result of his observations. It will be found a very advan- tageous companion to those who make the same delightful excursion, so rich in the beauty and variety of the obje£ts presented us by the boun- tiful hand of nature, as well as in the amazing produftions of art ; the latter of which may safe- ly be pronounced more various and perfeft with» in the circuit of this tour, than in any space of equal extent in our own or any other country. • BREE, ROBERT, M.D. Of Birmingham. Licentiate in midwifery of the royal college ot phyaicians j and formerly of University-college, Oxford, and of the university of Edinburgh. This gentleman has written, A practical inq\^iry on disordered respiration, distinguishing convulsive asthma, its specific causes, and proper indications of cure j one vo- lume, o£lavo, 1797. There had been no publication on the sub- ject of asthma since the time of Floyer, which carried with it the strong recommendation of per- sonal experience hi the author. Dr. Bree, like Floyer, was a sufferer from the disease, but had happily better success in combating it. His in- teresting volume is. not more valuable for the rrnofic ENGLISH AUTHORS. 313 mode of cure wliich it inculcates, than for the information it cbnveyS of the inefBcacy of many- fashionable remedies ; and it exhibits a much close!" connexion between the prafilice recom- itiendcd and the theory on which it is founded, than any of the other publications on thp sjime fiubjeft. BREWER, GEORGE, ESQ. This gentleman was formerly, vye believe, of the royal navy, and is at present an attorney. He has written, ' The history of Tom Weston : after the man- ner of Toni Jones ; two volumes, duodecimo^. 1791. The motto: or history of Bill Woodcock j, two volumes, duodecimo, 1795. How to be happy, a comedy, ( Haymarket, 1 794) — condemned. Bannian day, a farce, (Haymarket) ; o^svcji. ITiese pieces are so so. BREWSTER, REV. JOHN, M.A, VicaV of Greatham, and le£lurer of Stock- ton- 314 LIVING ton-upon-Tees. Tiiis gentleman wa? cjiaplaiq to the late Lord Falkland. He has written, , Sermons for prisons, (with prayers for th^' use of prisoners in solitary confincnnen);) ^ on^ volume, duodecimo, 1 790 On the prevention of crimes and the advan- tages of solitary imprisonment j a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1792. The parochial history and antiquities of Stock- ton-upon-Tees, (with views) 5 one volume, quar- to, 1796. In the SERMONS, every thing, which reason and revelation afford, is urged v/it}i great ear- nestness, sincerity, and a becoming plainness of speech, to rouse and shajce the obdurate wretch who seems given over to a reprobate mind, to direft the true peiiilent how to find mercy, and lo enlighten the diukened understandings of the ignorant. The two last publications are also very respcttablc performances of their several kinds. BRIGHT, REV. HENRY, M. A, Vicar of Chiltlchampton, in Devonshire. This gcnllemaa was for several years master of i^'Jcw-coIIegc-school, Oxford ; but, soon after his presentation to the above-mentioned uiiiversity- =■•,» ■ ■''' , < . '. I - • ■ ■' living, ENGLISH; AUTHORS. 315 living, he resigned thjat situation about the end of the ,year .1795.. . I^e.has published a very re- speftable book for. the use of youth, entitled. The praxis ; . pr, a course of pnglish and Latin, exercises: one yplume, o£tayo, 1784... , BRISTOL, BISHOP OF.— See Cornwall, BROMLEY, SIR GEORGE, SMITH, BART. Of Stokc'-hall, in Nottinghamshire. This gentleman is descended from Ruperta, a na- tural daughter of Prince Rupert. The dignity of a baronet was conferred on the family in the year 1757. Sir George Bromley has published, A coUeftion of original royal letters, written by King Charles, I. and II. King James II. and the King and Queen of Bohemia; together with original letters written by Prince Rupert, Charles Louis Count Paldtine, the Dutchess of Hano- ver, and other distinguished persons, from 1619 to 1665 ; one volume, o£tavo, 1787. , These letters came into the possession of the honourable baronet, in consequence of his de-r scent from Ruperta. By the will of Princ well- as for' many other equally unwarrantable opinions concerning this rite, to find and main- tain their do^rines,- if they could. The dis- course', on^ the consideration of our latter end,- contains plain and praftical reflections on^ that 'subje£l:, under a variety of views ^ and is a very . sensible arid useful performance. With regard to Mr. Bromley's history of the fine arts, if may be observed, that it contains little of moment^ which had not been before ad- vanced, and' more advantageously treated by D'Ahca^ville, or the Abbe Winckelriiann. Nei- ther of these works being well-adapted to the taste of English readers, there was an opportu- nity for recommending their observations to the piiblic by precision of method and elegance of di£lion. But the vv'ork of Mr. Bromley, although It is creditable to the author as a diligent collec- t"of of materials, so abounds in verbose and in- adequate descriptions, as not to enable the rea- der to' gaiii any distinft notion of the subjeft on which it treats. When the first volume made its appearance, Mr. Fuseli was so little pleased with the performance, that he aftualiy fixed a stigma ori the work, by a motion which he made in the council of the royal academy. This waa i-tsented by Mr. Bromley ; who condescended to a news- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 31^ a hswsplper'altefcdtioh'iii defehce of his bbok'j which tended rieiihdr "td'raise the chara£l:er of the work- nor of it^' author.' Biit Hii partiality to' these Ifetters was Siich, that h^ wrought ■ them- into a pretty exten'sivd preface to his secdnd vb-' lumej addresssed to the offending af tist. ' . ' Mr. 'Bromley 'ti6t Ibng ^go issued proposals' for pViblishiilE t\vy volurties of discburses on the patriarchar history V in a very novel style. , BROMLEY, HENRV. * ' An engraver of some eminence, arid the la- borious and accurate colle£lor of, A catalogue of engraved British portraits^ from Egbert the Great, to the present time ; con- sisting of the effigies of persons in every walk of human life ; As well those whose services to their country are recorded in English history, as others whose eccentricity of chara£ter rendered them conspicuous, (with an appendix of foreigners-- who may claim a place in the British series) f one volume, quarto, 1793. ' BROt^Ki ABRAHAM. • ■ ' i ■ ' • ' Of the city of Norwich. An ingenious me- chanic. 5*a LIVING clianic, and a judicious and accur;^tc experiment- er. He contributed an account of a new elec- trometer, to the philosophical transactions of the year 1782. But some of the figures in tlie origin- al drawings which he sent to the society, and th<^^ descriptions of several of the others, having by some accident or strange negleft, been there caiitted, a great part of the constru£tion of thft apparatus became unintelligible. These omi- sions were supplied in a republication, entitled. Miscellaneous experiments and remarks on tleftricity, the air-pump and the barometer j with the description of an cle£tromcter of a new constru£tion, (with coppcr-platcs) ^ one volume, quarto, 1789. BROOKE, MISS, Of the kingdom of Ireland, This lady is a daughter of the late Henry Brooke, Esq. author oi i\ie. the fool of quality, Gustavus Fasa, the Earl sf Essex, &c, as well as of several excellent poems. She has made a publication which is eminently to her credit in a literary point of view. It displays an ample possession of the language of poetry, and shews the fair author to inherit her father's talents for writing, at th^ same time that she glows with his heroic sentiments. This work is entitled, Reliques ENGLISH AUTHORS. 321 Reliques of Irish poetry ; consisting of he- toic poems, odes, elegies, and songs, translated into. English verse, (with notes, the originals in the Irish chara£ter, and an Irish tale) ; one vo- lume, quarto, 1789. BROOKE, N. M.D. Of the city of Bath. This gentleman left England in the year 1785, to make an investiga- tion, by authority, of the commerce of Italy with Great Britain. The letters which he wrote on that occasion, were not originally intended for publication ; but the request of his friends af- terward induced him to present them to the pub- lic. They are the produftion of a good-humour- ed traveller, who meets with amusing occur- ences, and who pleas'antly prattles of every thing which occurs to him. His publication is entitled Observations on the manners and customs of Italy, with remarks on the vast importance of British commerce on that continent, (also parti- ' culars of thd wonderful explosion of Mount Ve- suvius, taken on the spot, at midnight, in June, 1794; an account of many very extraordinary cures produced by a preparation of opium ; and many physical remarks collefted in Italy), one volume, o£lavo, 1798. Vol. I. X Since 322 LIVING Since writing these letters, we are sorry to learn, that Dr. Brooke has been deprived of his sight. He was unfortunately induced to quit Italy with the loss of much property, owing ta the invasion of that country by the French. Be- fore he left England, he presented the chancellor of the exchequer with a plan for the improve- ment of foreign commerce, and for the protec- tion of the fair trader : which, when he was abroad, was carried into a law, and the revenue wa^ suddenly' increased one million sterling above t^e average of the six years before the aft took place. That gentleman declared, in the house of comrhons, that the increase arose from the above-mentioned plan only ; and Dr. Brooke ex- pressed in 1 his publication^ what appears to be. not an unreasonable hope, that his service might experience some reward at a time when it would be peculiarly acceptable. BROOKE, EDWARD. An ingenious bookseller in Bell-yard, near Temple-bar, and one of the treasurers of the literary fund. Mr. Brooke's predecessor, Mr. Worrail, published a catalogue of the co,mmon and statute law books of this realm, with an account of their several editions, ancient printers, datfcs- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 525 dates and, prices, under the title,- bibliotheca legum AnglU. To this publication Mr. Brooke has added a second part, containing a general account of the laws and law-writers of Eng- land, from the earliest times, to the reign of Edward III. also of the public records ^rid other authentic law MSS. the statutes, and the several editions of them, the reports, and an account of the principal law-writers of the present reign : so that the work in its improved state forms two neat duodecimo'volumes. Mr. Brooke also published, in the year 1780, a table, or chronological index to the books of reports, of the determinations in the several courts of judi- cature in England. BROOME, RALPH, ESQ. This gentleman was a captain in the service of the East-India company,' on the Bengal esta- blishment, and Persian translator to the army on the frontier station, during a part of the late war in India. He is a writer of great ability and in- genuity, and a warm friend to the cause of Mr. Hastings. His publications have been. An elucidation of the articles of impeach- ment, preferred by the last parliament against Warren Hastings, Esq. one volume, oftavo, 1790. X 2 An 5^4 LIVING An examination of the expediency of con- tinuing the present impeachment ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1791. The letters of Simkin the Second, poetic re- corder of all the proceedings upon the trial of Warren Hastings, Esq. in Westminster-hall ; one volume, o£lavo. 1791. A comparative review of the administration of Mr. Hastings and Mr. Dundas, in war and in peace ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1791. Observations on Mr. Paine's pamphlet, enti- tled, the decline and fall of the English system of fi- nance, in a letter to a friend j a pamphlet, odhi- vo, 1796. On the subje£t of the above-mentioned em- barrassed prosecution, Mr. Broome is the clearest and most acute writer we have. Well-informed in Oriental laws, Mohammedan manners, and Bri- tish transa£tions in Ilindo'stan, he was enabled, in his ELUCIDATION, to bring the merits of the subjcft within the compass of common compre- hension : and, in the subsequent examina- tion, he wisely recommended to the commons of Great Britain, an utter dereliQion of the pro- secution. The LETTERS of Simkin the Second were originally published in the newspaper, cal- led, THE WORLD, and a surreptitious edition of them was afterward published by Bell, in tlie Strand. The authentic edition was printed for Mr. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 325 Mr. Stockdale in Piccadilly. These facetious •letters were much read and admired on their first appearance, and it is probably owing to the fleeting nature of the subjett of them, that the age of their popularity has been short. The or- SERVATioNS on Pajnc's pamphlet, are a moit judicious, dispassionate and proper reply to the insidious remarks of that arch theorist ; and add a new laurel to the brow of their very ingenious writer. BROTHERS, RICHARD. A crack-brained fanatic, whose absurd pro- phecies, some time ago; attr£l6!ted a considerable share of public attention. He is a native of Phi- centia, in Newfoundland, and has, we are told, no near relations in England. Some time ago he was a lieutenant in the navy, and has been an inhabitant of the workhouse of St. Margaret and St. John, Westminster ; where he gave suflicient indications of the peculiar derangement of his mind. At the time of commencing prophet, he lived at No. 57, Paddington-strect. In his first publication, he assertljid himself to be the ni^phewof the Almighty, and the Prince of the Hebrews, who was to restore the Jews to their former privileges, and to lead them to the Jand of Canaan. He also predi£i:ed, that tlie X 3 city 326 LIVING city of London was to be destroyed by an earth- quake, with many other absurdities equally ex- travagant. The rational part of mankind, of course, laughed at these fanatical effusions ; but, what is somewhat surprising, many people, and among them persons distinguished for their ta- lents, obeyed, with eagerness, the call of this pretended prophet, and openly asserted the di- vinity of his mission. Nathaniel Brassey Hal- hed, Esq. a gentleman eminent for his extensive attainments in classical, and particularly in Ori- ental literature, Mr. Sharp, an eminent engra- ver, and several other persons, distinguished themselves as his zealous disciples. Several pam- phlets were written oa the subje6f, by Mr. IJal- hcd, Mr. Bryan, Mr. Weatherall an apothecary at Highgate, and others : and such was the sin- gular inl'atuation of a few deluded people, that they sold their furniture and effefls, and gave up housekeeping, that themselves aud family might be ready to accompany Brothers to the Holy Land. Ihis mad enthusiast was at length pro- perly noticed by government, and is at present an inhabitant of a certain house for the reception of lunatics, denominated Fisher-house, in the Lower-street, Islington. The titles of the pam- phlets which he has published are as follows, viz. A revealed knowledge of the pl*Op!}CC(CSf atjH tlrtlCjS, book I. Wrote under the diredtion of the ENGLISH AUTHORS. 327 tlie Lord God, and published by his sacred corri- mand ; it being the first sign of warning for the bcfnefir of all nations. Containing, with other great and remarkable things, not revealed to any ■other person on earth, the restoration of the He- brews to Jerusalem, by the year 1798, under this revealed prince and prophet; o£lavb, 1794. Distributed gratis by the author, but sold by .some booksellers. A revealed knowledge of theptOpljeCfCiQiaUBl tfntCJJt particularly of the present time, the, present war, and the prophecy now fulfilling. The year of the world 5913, Book II. contain- ing, with other great and remarkable things, not revealed to any other person on earth, the sud- den and perpetual fall of the Turkish, German, and Russian empires. Wrote under the direc- tion of the Lord God, and published by his sa- cred command -. it being a second si";ri of warn- ing, for the benefit of all nations ; by the man that will , be revealed to the Hebrews as their prince and prophet j o£lavo, 1794, Sec. An expositioii of the Trinity : with a fartlier elucidation of Daniel, chap. xii. one letter to the King, and two to Mr. Pitt, &c. By Richard Brothers, the descendant of David, King of Israel, &c. o£lavo, 1795, A letter frojm Mr. Brothers to Miss Cott, tlie recorded daughter cj,i King Davidj and fu- ' X 4 ' ture 328 LIVING ture queen of the Hebrews. With an address to the members of his Britannic Majesty's coun' ci], &C..J o£lavo, 1798, BROUGH, ANTHONY, ESQ. A merchant of the city of London. He some years ago published two pamphlets, the latter of which contains several false positions, and both of them pntitle their author to the charafter of a visionary theorist. These publications were, ' Considerations on the necessity of lowering the exorbitant freight of ships employed in the service of the East-India company ; o£lavo, 1786. A view of the importance of the trade be- tween Great Britain and Russia ; oftavo, 1789. BROUGHTON, ARTHUR, M.D. Physician to the hospital at Bristol, and au- thor of, Observations on the influenza, or e})idemic catarrh; as it appeared at Bristol and its envi- rons, in May and June, 1782, (with a meteoro- logical journal of the weather), a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1782. Enchiridion botanicum ; compleftens charac- teres ' ENGLISH AUTHORS. 329 teres genericos et specificos plantarum per insu- las Britannicas sponte nascentiura : ex Linnajo aliisque desuraptos ; one volume, octavo, 1782. The history of two cases of dropsy, ( Dun- can's med. comment, vol. ix. p. 368). The nurpose of the enchiridion was, to provide botanists with a manual of convenient size for a companion in their excursions. Dr. Broughtoh therefore confined himself solely to the generic and specific chara6lers of plants, as given in Murray's edition of Linnaeus ; omitting the synonymcs of other authors and all other par- ticulars. The catalogue of British plants is taken from Hudson and Lighlfoot. BROUGHTON, REV. BRIAN, M.A. Fellow of New-college, Oxford. This gen- tleman published, in the year 1798, an oblong imperial folio, consisting of four pi£turesque views in North Wales, with poetical reflections on leav- ing that country. The views were engraved in aquatinta, by Aiken, - from drawings made on the spot by the author. Their size is sixteen inches and a half by twelve ; and their subjects, fall of the river Machno, Conway -castle hy moonlight,' fulpit of Hugh Lwyd, and pont-y-Glyn Dyffid. '1 he poetical reflcftions arc in blank verse, and con- tuin some pretty ideas. BROWN, 330 LIVING BROWN, WILUAM, LAURENCE, D. D. Principal of Marischal-coUege, Aberdeen. This gentleman was for some time minister of the English church at Utrecht, and professor of moral philosophy, the law of nature, and eccle- siastical history, in the university of that city. He succeeded the late celebrated Dr. George Campbell, as principal of Marischal-college. His publications have been, An essay on the folly of scepticism, the ab- surdity of dogmatizing on religious subjcfts, and the proper medium to be observed between these two extremes; a pamphlet, odlavo, 1788. Oratio habita die 14 Feb. 1788, quum ordi- nariam, in academia TrajccHna, bistorije eccle- siastical et philosophia; moralis profcssioncm pidv licc ac solenniter SLisciperet ; a pamphlet, quiirto, Utrecht, 17S8. ^ Oratio habita die 25 Mart. 1790, cum magis- tratu se academico abdicarit; a pamphlet, quartOj Utrecht, 1790'. An essay on the natural equality of mankind,, on the rights that result from it, and the duties which it imposes ; a large pamphlet, oflavo, 1793- The spirit of the times considered ; n sermon, ■preached ENGLISH AUTHORS. 331 preached in the English church at Utrecht, Feb. 13, 1793, the day appointed by the States for the general thanksgiving, fasting and prayer ; oftavo. The influence of the divine judgements on the reformation of the world j a sermon, preach- ed at Utrecht, March 26, 1794, on the day of the general fast ; o£lavo, Utrecht. The influence of religion on national prospe- rity ; a sermon, preached in the Wcst-cliurch, Aberdeen, March 10, 1796, the general fast- day ; oBavo. A sermon, preached in the WestTchurch, Aberdeen, April 17, 1796, on occasion of the death of the very Reverend Dr. George Camp- bell, late principal and professor of divinity in Marischal-college ; octavo. The proper method of defending religious truth in times of prevailing infidelity ; a sermon, preached before the Synod of ^Vberdeen, Odober II, 1706 ; ja^avo. These pieces redound very highly to the credit of their author. To the essays on scep- ticism and the equality of mankind, medals were adjudged by the Tcylerian society at Haarlem ; and they were originally printed in the memoirs of that society. They display a propriety of rea- soning, a liberality of sentiment, 'and a power of elotjuence, the union of which is singularly haji- Z^i LIVING py. Dr. Brown also appears to advantage in his OR AT I ONES, as an elegant Latin scholar; and his sermons are excellent compositions, which were admirably adapted to their several occasions. BROWN, T^IOMAS, ESQ. Of the university of Edinburgh. This gen- tleman is the author of a volume which has not obtained him any very distinguished credit, en- titled, Observations on the zoommia of Erasmus Darwin, M. D. one volume, o61avo, 179]. BROWN, ROBERT. A corporal in the Coldstream guards. He has publislicd, Journal of a detachment from the brigade of foot-guards, during the campaigns of 1793-5, (with a map) ; one volume, odta/o, 1793. The campaign, a poetical essay ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1797. The JOURNAL possesses every mark of au- thenticity and atlual observation. The poem is dedicated, by permission, to the Duke of York : it is written oq the model of Thomson, and though ENGLISH AUTHORS. ^^S- though not very particularly distinguished for poetic merit, it abounds in laudable sentiments of patriotism and humanity. BROWNE, ARTHUR, L. L. D. One of the senior fellows of Trinity-college, Dublin, professor of civil law in the university, and one of the representatives of the university In the Irish parliament. This gentleman has published, A brief review of the question, whether the articles of Limerick have been violated ? a pamphlet, oGtavq, 1788. Miscellaneous sketches, or hints for essays ; two volumes, crown oftavo, 1798. Great stress having been laid by the Roman catholics of Ireland on the privileges secured to them by the articles of Limerick, Dr. Browne, . in his well-written tra£l: on the subjeft, entered into an examination of those articles. His result is, that, excepting the first, all those which grant any benefit to Roman catholics are limited to persons then living, or to certain portions of that body described in the second and third arti- cles, and to their heirs, by whom alone such be- nefits arc claimable: and that the general boon contained in these articles is a covenant expressed in 334 LIVING in the first of them, that the Roman catholics o( Ireland should enjoy such privileges in the exer- cise of tliijii- religion as were consistent with the laws existing in the reigri of Charles II. The SKETCHES are highly pleasing, and dis- cover much reading and taste. We have la- mented however, in common we presume with others of Dr. Browne's readers, that they are written in such an indolent, desultory manner. Had he given us the essays which he could have produced from the hints he has collefted, rather than his mere hints for essays, he would surely have done greater justice to his own talents as well as have afforded his readers a higher grati- fication. Dr. iBrowne is at present engaged in publish- ing a view of the civil law, the substance of a course of leftures read in the university of Dub- lin : to which he designs to add a sketch of the praftice of the ecclesiastical courts, with some cases determined therein in Ireland, and some useful direftions for the clergy. This work is printed in o£tavo, and the first volume was pub- lished in the latter part of the year 1 798. BROWNE, ENGLISH AUTHORS. 335 BROWNE. THOMAS, GUNTER, ESQ. An officer in the army. He is the author of a droll pantomimic of argument and irony, in ridi- cule of Dr. Vincent's analysis of the Greek verb and metaphysical grammar, entitled, Hermes unmasked ; two pamphlets, duo- decimo, 1795-6. BROWNRIGG, WILLIAM, M. D. F.R.S. A physician of Keswick in Cumberland. This gentleman is the author of the following sensible pamphlets and communitations to the royal society ; viz. Dissertatio de praxi medica ineunda; quarto, Lugd. Bat. 1737. The art of making common salt; o£tavo. 1748. , Thoughts on Dr. Hale's method of distilla- tioni (philos, transaft. 1759, p. 534)- Enquiries on the nature of the mineral elastic spirit,. or air, contained in the Spa-water, (ibid. 1765, p. 218, 1774, P- 357)- Extra£t of an essay, entitled, on the uses of a knowledge of mineral exhalations, when applied to dis- cover SS^ LIVING over the principles and properties of minera.1 waters, the nature of burning fountains, and of those poison- ous lakes which the ancients called avcrnij (ibid. 17^5' P- 236). Considerations on the means of preventing the communication of pestilential cqntagion, and of eradicating it in infc£led places ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1771. Of the stilling of waves by means of oil, (philos. transafb. 1774, p.. 445). On some specimens of native salts, (ibid. 1774, p. 480). BRUCE, JOHN, ESQ. Mi A. F. R, S. L. E. SOC, R. SciENT. GoTXING. CoRRESP. Secretary of the Latin language, and keeper of the state papers at the secretary of state's of- fice ; and also historiographer to the East-India company. This ingenious gentleman was, some years ago, professor of moral philosophy in the university of Edinburgh. Having acquitted him- self to the satisfaflion of the Ri habitants added through its vigorous exertions to tiie British empirei The last publication of Mu Bruce, is calculated'to bring this important arid delicate subje£t, with the many opinions which have been stated concerning it, ipto one com* prehensive View: The undertaking, beside re- quiring a clear conception, called for much pa-, jtient industry J and the excellence of Mr. Bruce'd Y 2 perfor* 340 LIVING performance sufficiently proves how well he was accomplished for the execution of it. We have heard that Mr. Bruce is at present writing a history of the English concerns in In- dia, under the patronage of the company. BRUCKNER, REV. J. One of" Mr. Gilbert Wakefield's most able antagonists on the subjeft of public worship. He has written a pamphlet on that subjeft, abounding with sound arguiflent and pleasant sarcasm, entitled. Thoughts on public worship ; oftavo, 1 792. BRYAN, MARGARET. Mistress of a boardihg-schobl at Margate. She has published a work, which ii> intended to facilitate the study, of astronomy, and to render it interesting to young persons ; but which, com- pletely to have answered so useful a purpose, should have b,een published in a much less costly manner. It is entitled, A compendious system of astronomy, in a course (f familiar lefturesj in which the princi- piiis of that science are clearly elucidated, so as: ENGLISH AUTHORS. 34X t<) be intelligible to those who have not studied the matheniatics J one volume, quarto,* 1797. BRYANT, JACOB, ESQ. This celebrated scholar was educated at Eton, tind at King'srcollege, Cambridge. He was for some time a fellow of the latter society, and tr3- velied with the late Duke of Marlborough. Mr. Bryant was secretary to his Grace, during his comni«ind abroad ; and also secretary to him as master-general of his Majesty's ordnance. He has now reached more than the eightieth year of a life which has been spent in laborious researches, and in investigations the mpst curious. His lat- tainmentsarc peculiar to himself, and in point of classical erudition, he is perhaps without an equal in Europe. His publications have been. Observations and inquiries relating to various parts of ancient history j one volume, quarto, 1767. A new system ; or, an analysis of ancient mythology : wherein an attempt is made to di* vest tradition of fable, and to reduce truth to its original purity j quarto, vols. I. U. 1774, vol. III. 1776. * Price i/. 'jt, <(/.— Absolute book-ntRking ! Y 3 A Yindi' 34a LIVING A vindication of the Apamean medal, and pf the inscription NflE : together with an illus- tration of another coin, struck at the same place, in honour of the Emperor Severus ; a pamphlet, quarto, 1775- An address to Dr. Priestley, upon his doc- trine of philosophical necessity illustrated ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1780. Vindiciae Flavianje : or a vindication of the •testimony given by Josephus concerning oiir Sa- viour, Jesus Christ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1780.' ' Observatioiis on the poems of Thomas Row- ley : in which the authenticity of those poems is ascertained; two volumes, cftavo, 1781. Coile£tions on the Zingara or Gypsey lan- guage, (archjKolog. vol. vii. p. 387]. Gemmarura antiquarumdeleftus ex prastan- tioribus desumtus in daflyliotheca Ducis Marl- burien&is ; folio, 1783. A treatise upon the authenticity of the scrip- tures, and the truth of the Christian religion ; one volume, o£tavo, 1792. Observations upon the plagues inflifled upon the Egyptians ; in which is ishewn the peculiarity of those judgements, and their correspondence with the rites and idolatry of that people, (with a prefatory discourse concerning the Grecian co- lonies from Egypt), one volume, o£tavo, 1795. Observations upon a treatise, entitled, a de- scription ENGLISH AUTHORS. 343 seription of the plain of 'Troy, hy Monsieur le Che^ Salter; a pamphlet, quarto, i795- A dissertation concerning the war of Troy, and the expedition of the Grecians, as described by Homer; shewing tlrat no such expeditioja was ever undertaken, and that no such city of Phrygia existed ; a thin volume, quarto, 1796. The sentiments of Philo Judeus concerning tlie AOTOS, or word of God ; together with large extra£ts from his writings, compared with the scriptures, on many other particular and esr sential do£lrines of the Christian religion j one volume, o£lavo, 1797. Mr. Bryant has a youthful fancy, and a play- ful wit; with the mind, and occasionally witli the pen of a poet. His style is siiliple and easy, aim'ing only at perspicuity and attaining its ob- jecl. ' His first publication was , calculated tb thtow light on the history of the ancient king- dom of Egyjit, as \vell as on the history of the Assyridhs, Chaldeans^ Babylonians, Edomites and other nations. It contains dissertations on the wind Eiiroclydon, and on the island Melite, to- gethef with ian account pf Egypt in its most early state, and of the shephejrd Kings ; with state- ments of the time of their ppming, the province w^hich they particularly possessed, and to which the Israelites afterward succeeded. The design pf the dissertation on the Europlydoji, (spoken Y 4 of 344 LIVI,N9. , . of in Aits, chap. 27), was, to vindicate the p- 163). Account of a thunder-storm in Scotland ; \vith some meteorological observations, (ibid. 1787, p. 61). On the publication of Mir. Brydone's xouii through Sicily and Malta, it was speedily disco- vered that it contamed more good sense, more knowledge, and more variety of entertainment, than Was commonly found in works of a similar kind ; and it obtained, of consequence, a very flatteriiig popularity. He wrote with the pen of a gentleman, a scholar, a inan of science, a * Vide page jgS of this volume* rational ENGLISH AUTHORS. 351 rational observer, a philosophical enquirer, and a polite and pleasing companion. His style is na- tural and easy ; his language free and flowingi though not always correft ; and his manner cheer- ful and lively, yet properly varied to suit his se- veral subje£ts, whether gay or serious. The de- scription he has given us of his ascent to the summit of mount yEtna, is exquisite indeed — we see every thing which he saw, we feel all that he felt, we share in his fatigues and we partake of his raptures. It is to be lamented, however, that by the mean of this justly celebrated publi- cation, Mr. Brydone should have brought before liis readers the infidel objeftions of the canon Re- T cupero to the Mosaic account of the creation j and it is well that they have been ably answered by several eminent divines. CRYDSON, THOMAS, F.A.S.E. The author of a well-arranged, useful, and tven entertaining volume, entitled, A summary view of heraldry, in reference to the usages of chivalry, and the general eco- nomy of the feudal system; oSavo, 1795. &U- 35^ LIVING BUG HAN, EARL OF.— See David Stewart Erskine. tr- ptiCHAN, WILLIAM, M. D. '^ft>o'iv.' - m London, and fellow of the royal collej^c 'v.y pliysicians in Edinburgh. Author of, Dissertatio de infantum vita conservanda; o£tavo, Edinb. Domestic medicine : or a treatise on the pre- vention and cure of diseases by regimen and sim- ple medicines ; one volume, odtavo, 1771. Cautions concerning c®ld-bathing and drink- ing mineral waters; a pamphlet, odtavo, 1786, A letter to the patentee, concerning the me- dical properties of the fleecy hosiery \ a pamphlet, o6lavo, 1790. Observations concerning the prevention and cure of the venereal disease ; a pamphlet, oc- pvo, 1796. ,. Observatioris concerning the diet of the com- mon people; a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1797. Dr. Buchan's well-known work,- entitled do- mestic medicine, is constru£ted upon a plan similar to, but more extensive than that adopted by Dr. Tissot in his avis an feuple. The. first edi- ' ' lion JENGLISk AUTHORS, 355 tibn of it, consisting of above five thousand co- pies, was sold in a corner of Britain before ano- ther could be gotten ready j and its subsequent republication and dispersion has been very ex- tensive. We have been told that he parted with the copy-right of this volume to the booksellers for seven hundred pounds ; and that th^ sale of it produces them at least thii!: suiTii|^,antlUaj|y. It has drawn upon him the persi'cufi'int;^!^^ dislike of die less liberal part of the Faculi^* '*"' lile it has made him the idol of nurses and housevsive^ : and when it is considered that the intention of its publication was not to supercede the use of a phy- sician, but to supply his place in situations where medical assistance could not easily be obtained, and to render the medical art more extensively henefici^ al to mankind, the jealousies and fears of the Faculty are surely unbecoming the professors of a liberal science. The learHed Dr. Duplanil of Paris, phy- sician to the Count d'Artois, published some years ago an .elegant translation of this work in five volumes oftavo, with very iligenious and use- ful notes ; which refldercd the Work so popular on the Continent, that, it has been translated into all the languages of modern Europe. From the fashionable rage for iitutiersion into cold water, a stranger would be tempted to sup- pose that the people of England were converted to the Mohammedan or Gentoo religion. Dr. Bu- Vox,.,I. Z chan. 354 LIVING chan, in his pamphlet on that subject, pointed- out a variety of cases in which the use of the cold-bath and of mineral waters is not only im- proper but dangerous. The pamphlet on the- venereal disease is plain and praftical ; it was written, for the amusement of some leisure hour& in the Chapter coflfee-house, where much of the do£tor's time is spent 5 and, containing a great deal of wholesome advice, it was with propriety committed to the public. The pamphlet on diet was intended as a supplementary chapter to the DOMESTIC MEDICINE, and was afterward in- corporated with that work. Dr. Buchan is about to publish a second vo- lume of the DOMESTIC MEDICINE, and also a \york on the offices and duties of a mother. BUCHAN, A. P. M.D. ' This gentleman is a son of the subjeft of the preceding article. He has published a sensible little book, entitled. Enchiridion Syphiliticum j or 4i''e£tions for- the conduft of venereal patients; duodecimo, »797- ^BU- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 35$ BUCHANAN, REV. JOHN LANNE. A native of the Highland patt of Menteith, in the shire of Perth, North Britain, He is a cadet of the ancient family of Leny, Lenoch, or Lane, in that distri£l ; which appears to be li- neally descended from the famous Caledonian hero, Galgacus. After a course of grammar- school education at Callendar in Menteith,- Mr. Buchanan studied in the university of Glasgow j and after the ufual time of attendance, was or- dained a preacher of the gospel. He laboured for many [years as assistant to the Reverend Mr. Menzies, minister of.Comrie, in the presbytery of Auchteroider j and upon his death, went as missionary minister to the Isles, from the church of Scotland.* . His knowledge of the Gaelic, his religious zeal, and his habits of living, and frequently conversing with the poor people who needed his instru&ions, rendering him a very fit person for this office. Mr. Buchanan afterward came to London, and devoted himself to the study of Celtic ■ antiquity. He is at present be- tween sixty and seventy years of age j and strongly * We have tieen told howeve^, that he had no f oinini««ion from the Scots ionitj, Z z resembles 35^ LIVING resembles in countenance, the piftures of lust celebrated kinsman, George Buchanan. The resemblance, however, consists in externals only ; for the subjefil of this article has lived so much, among poor people in remote islands, and se- questered corners of the world, as to be very ig- norant 'of its mpre civilized modes : an instance of which occurred in his sending a copy of his ' TRAVELS to the Duke of Clarence, (whom he had sieen in the island of Lewis), and another to Mr. Wilberforce, accompanied by letters, en- treating them to procure orders to be sent to cer- tain lairds and thacksmen in the islands, which should enjoin them to behave in a better niannec to the poor people, and no longer to treat them' like slaves. The list of Mr. Buchanan's publica* tions is as follows, viz. Travels in the western Hebrides, from 1782 to 1790 ; one volume, oftavo,, 1793. A defence of the Scots highlanders in ge- neral, and some learned charadlers in particular : with a new and satisfactory account of the Pifls, Scots, Fingal, Ossian, and his poems j as also of' the Macs, Clans, Bodotria, and several other particulars rcspeding the high antiquities of Scot- land ; one volume, o£tavo, 1794. A general view of the fishery of Great Bri- tain, drawn up for the consideration of the un- dertakers of the North British fishing, lately be- gUft ENGLISH AUTHORS. 3.57 gun for promoting the general utility of the in- habitants and empire at large j one volume, oc- tavo, 1794. The firsts a very interesting work, was pre- pared for the public eye by Dr. William Thorn- ion.' Its contents were selefted from a very large mass of materials relating chiefly to low life, an-, ecdotes of the Elders of Harris, Aulay Macauly,, Tormad Maciver, Sic. the; whole of which would, have swelled thcvolume to axonsiderable folip.f It contains a relation of some distressful a£ts of pretty savage tyranny, as w-ell as 5ome .scandalous anecdotes, which only the remote security of the scenes of a£tion, and the ignorance and defence- less poverty of the inhabitants^ can render cre- dible..' 'The author compares the circumstances of the poor forlorn Hebridcans with those of our plantation negroes, , and the result, almost in every instance, i3 in favour , of* the latter. 'After, the publication of this work, a quarrel brok,e out between Mr. Buchanan and his literary. assistant; the . former charging the latter, among other things, - with dark envy and- malignity, for' not giving the world a folio instead of an o£tavo. An appeal was made by both parties to the edi- tors of the European magazine ■* and the affray ended bj a declaration from the assistant, that he • Vide vol. 26, p. 117. Z ^ coniidered 358 LIVING considered Mr. B. below his notice ; as he had been degraded and deposed by the church of Scotland on account of immoralities, and adver- tised in a variety of nevt'spapers, in England and Scotland, particularly in the sun and star, April and May, 1794. We have not sufficient information on the subjeft to speak concerning the merits of this case j but we shall here observe that, beside frequently heaWng the authenticity of the work called in question, we have heard Mr. Buchanan branded as extremely illiterate and vulgar by people whose veracity we cannot by any means question. In his DEFENCE of the Scots highlanders, - Mr. Buchanan' has undertaken the difficult' task of refuting some novel positions of Mr; Pinker- ton, concerning the early history of his nation ; we cannot, however; compliment him on any very decisive success. The general view of the fishery of Great Britain, appears at first sight to be the effusion of disappointment, re- sentment, or a warped understanding: but, among much extraneous matter, thrown together in a strange maimer, it contains some valuable mate- rials, which a skilful writer would have made more visible and attractive. BUCK- ENGLISH AUTHORS. .3i9 BUCKNALL, THOMAS SKIP DYOT, ESQ. M.P. Of Hampton-court. This gentleman, who as coushi to Viscount Grimston, has merited well from his country, for his attention to a ^branch of rural oeconomics which has been too much neglected. , He 'has republished, with ad- ditions, some useful papers on the improved cul- ture of fruit-trees, in orchards, &c. which were originally printed in the transaftions of the so- ciety in London , for the encouragement of arts, manufactures and commerce ; under the title. The orchardist ; or a system of close; pruning .-and medication, for establishing the science oi 'Orcharding J a pamphlet, o£tavo,, 1797. BUCKNER, RT. REV. JOHN, D.D. Lord bishop of Chichester, and reftor of St. •Giles' Middlesex. His lordship was consecrated to his bishopric upori the death of Sir A^illigim Ashburnham, in the year 1797. His only pub- lications have been, A sermoHj preached at the parish church of Z 4 St. 36-9 ^ LIVING St. Peter, Westrninster, before tlie Lords, spi- ritual aod.tfmporal, on November 29, 1798, the day appolnC(?d~Tor a general thanksgiving ; quar- to. ■■■, A charge, (delivered to the clergy of the di- ocese of ChTctiester, at his lordship's primary visitation in the year 1798); qiiarto, 1799. BUDWORTII, JOSEPH, ESQ. F.A.S. An olficei- in the army ; and a li^jely, agree- able pa nter of external nature, He was some years ago in India, and was one of the sharers in the dangers and honours of the ever-memorable siege of Gibraltar. His publications have been, A fortnight's ramble to the lakes in West- moreland, Lancashire^ and Cumberland ; oqc volume, oftavo, i792«' The siege of Gibraltar, a poem j a pam- phlet, quarto, 1794. Windermere, a poem ; a pamphlet, o£tavo, J798. The RAMBLE is an agreeable and entertain-r ing publication, which has experienced a favour- able reception. It was published at first in a very incorre£l manner, for which the best apo- logy the author could make, was that he wrote it ENGLISH ALfTHORS. 3^ it in a fortnight.* Of the verses on the siege of Gibraltar, the original copy was destroyed by the author, with many' others, when half-pay sounded its knell to the ambitious. Twelve years after they w6l-e Wrii;teil,'"a:brother officer leht him a copy of thetri which he had»preserved. Captain Budworth \v3s again besieged '-^Jie! 're- vised, correSed and added — glowing all . tlie while with genierous sentiments bf thedistin-' guished chari£lers, now ho more; who had been the soul of the defericei and the cadise of the ene- rriy's failureii To th'esd fcircumstances the pub-* lie is indebtfed fot 'the poem ; which^ though it be not particularly distinguished as a corredt !i- terai^y coirlposition/ 'do6s the author credit for his power of descrij^tioh and for his benevolent spirit. Thie poem on Windermere is pleasin*; and has the merit of being written \vith the' best intention, '> ■ •: , , •' J- ■ Of two material constituents of a poet Captain Budworth is evidently in possession — he feels with sensibility, and he describes with force ; but he is rather distinguished for justness of remark ^nd vigour of conception, than fqr; smoothness of versification, • Did Captain Biidwortli ever appear on a field-day, before hU fuperiof olficOra, unpgwdeied and with dirty linen ? BUL- 362 I^IVING BULLER, SIR FRANCIS, BART. One of the judge? of Commop^pleas. . Thiy 4istinguisl)ed clmrafter is.a son of the late John Buller, Escj. pf Morval, in, the county of Cprn- wall. Aftef an educatiom at Winche§tev-schqo], he was called to the baj, i^jtliq year 1763, and soon.' afterward obtained. a s^at in pa^^ljaqiQiit. His professional garqpi] was ,cion\ra^nc?d, as a spe- cial pleader; and he studiif f^l, the pr^fticjjl part of this branchiof legal spiei:\ipe i^n4*2r Judge Asht hurst. Like his precursor,, he was always ranked among the most eminent j,9 that particular line ; a charafter, which: soon brpught him into great repute as a conimpn-la\v; d;r^,ughtsmai>. The bo- cough interest pf his family, added tp a rnatijimo- nial alliance with that of the late Earl Bathurst, at length, procured hin^ ^ silk gown, fhe place of a Welsh 1 judge, and. eY9u ejeyated hini to the eoif while : yet a very young man. He was ac- cordingly called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, on being apppinted one of the justices of the court of King's-bench. As soon as he assumed the ermine, he attraQed the particular attention of Lord Mansfield, and, although he was the youngest judge that ,was ever promoted to the bench, his opinion had always more influence with ENGLISH AUTHORS. 36J. with the chief justice than that of any of his col- leagues. As a counsel, his eloquence was nei- ther pleasing nor powerful'; but as ajiidge, few deliver themselves with greater propriety. Sir Fraiicis BuUer waij created a baronet in the'yed^ 178^. He is the aufhor' ofj ' Ah iiitrodliQiion to the lavv rielative to trialst at Nisi Prius ; 6tte volUHlej qu&ftb,'i77z, (thi fifth and subsequent editions, , in a royal o£tavo volume). ' . ■ ' i'' ' ' • ^ Several publications of distlH^uished merit have of late years appeared, Which have more immfediately for' their bbje£l the general law of probessi or th6 riiles and maiitier of proceeding which the courts have prescribed, in the coridufifc of the causes that come under their cognizance. Among the first of these may be ranked, the theory' of''e't)tdmteh' -Which! exhiWis a very scienti- fic distribution and comprehensive system of that irriport'ant branch of the^ practice' of the law. This worky it i's'gierlefaliy- undfcrstoodj wcls af-' terward engrafted by the le^rhed" alithor into an- other, lipon ia^cdllaferal branth of the pra£l:ice, entitled, an institute of the law of tHals at Nisi Pmj.V dhd this has beeii sbb'setiufehtly consider- ably extended and enlarged by tliis' addition of niiriieroiis abthdritiesi bn the saihe iubjeft; in- the learned judge's iHTRODUCxioj*.' ' BUL- 364 LIVING BULLOCK, RICHARD, D. D, The eloquent and respedtablp preacher at the church of St. Paul, Covent-Garden. He ha? published two sermons delivered in that church ; the first on the occasion of opening it after its reparation, in 1789,; the second, before the bishop of London, at its consecration in 1798, after it had been destroyed by fire. Both of these discourses were admirably well adapted to their occasions. We think we rccolleft to have seen another single sermoii, published by Pv. Bullock many years ago, BURCKHARD, JOHN, GOTTLIEB, D. D. Minister of the German Lutheran cpngrega-. tion in the Savoy, He has pulilished. The chief end of maq'spxiptf nee, (the siib^ «tance of a sermon, preached, qt Rjim^gate, Sep- tember 26, 1784), oftavo. Religious education ; a charity-sermon, prear ehcdj Decernber 9, 1792 ; o£l^vq. Christians represented under* the charafter of religious tradesmen ; a funeral-§ermon, preached ENGLISH AUTFIORS. ,565 to the memory of Mr, I. W- Paul, fur-merchant, of London, who died. May 23, 1795 ; oftaivo. , A system of divinity, for the use of schools* and for instructing youth in the essential princi- ples and duties of religion ; one volume, duode- cuTio, 1797. The sermons are respe£lable performances; but the last publication is an unsuccessful at-, tempt to systematize religion, and altogether a» improper boojs. for the use of schools. BURDY, REV. SAMUEL, Of the kingdom of Ireland. Author of. The life of the late Reverend Philip Skelton, with some curious anecdotes j one volume, og-- tavo, 1792. This performance, though not a very mas- terly biographical sketch of the author of deism revealed, has the merit of being calculated to serve the cause of Virtue. A pamphlet, consist- ing of some ill-written methodistical ebsefvations on this publication, made its appearance in Dub- lin, in the year 17941 and was very ably answer- ed in the following year by a pamphlet, entitled, « vindication of Burdy's life if Skelton, which ha^ been attributed by some to Mr. Burdy himsslf.,. •. ,,(> EUR- 366' LIVING BURGES, SIR. JAMES BLAND, BART. L. L. D. Of Wqstow, ill Cambridgeshire, Knight- ! marshal of his Majesty's household, and lately one of the under-secretaries of state. This gen- tleman was educated for the profession ef the law. He, has been called to the bar, and is in- debted to his industry and his adherence to ad- ministration for his respeftable station in life. At the time of Mr. Hastings' trial, he had a seat in the house of commons, and was a friend to the cause of that gentleman. He held the place of under-seeretary of state for a considerable time and received the honour of a baronet in the year 1795. ^^'^ publications have been. Considerations on the law of insolvency, with a proposal for a reform; one volume, oftavo, 1783. A letter to the Earl of Effingham, on his lately proposed u£t of insolvency ; a pamphlet, ottavo. An address to the country gentlemen of Eng- land and Wales ; a pamplet, o£tavo, 1789, The birth and' triumph of love, a poem 5 ^arto, (with plates), 1796. The CONSIDERATIONS On the law of insol- vency ENGLISH AUTHOR^. 367 vericy shew the author to be well acquainted with his fubjfeft, though they bear in many parts the marks of a visionary theorist j while the lETTER to Lord Effingham clearly demonftrates that in-niany, and perhaps in most cases, impri- sonment' for' debt is unjuft, crtiel and impolitic. The ADDRESS is an able and excellent pamphlet, on the enormous abuses attendant on the county courts. Among the favourites of the mu^e. Sir James Bland Burges appears to be capable of securing himself a very distinguishfed rank. The plan of bis poem is taken fi'om tht birth and triumph of Cupid, a series of plates,* the beautiful designs of which Originate from the elegant fancy of the princess Elizabeth. The humble merit of illus- trating by the pen this work of the pencil, is all that the courtly writer assumes : but he has dis- covered exquisite pbwers in harmony of versifi- cation, beauty of imagery, splendour of diflion,- and delicacy of sentiment. BURGES, REV. GEORGE. Curkte of Whittl^sfea, in the isle of Ely, and authot'df -■ * Pvbliflied by Mr, Tonikins !h Bond-ftreet. Remarks J6S LIVING Remarks oh Mr. Wakefield's enquiry respect- ing public or sotial worship ; a pamplet, o£tavo, 1792. A fast-day sermon, for April 19, 1793, preached at St. Mary's, Whittlesea ; o£lavo. A letter to Thomas Paine, author of the age efreafon; a pamphlet o£lavo, 1794. Desultory hints on violence of opinion and intemperance of language ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1796. The necelfity and duty of enlightening the luiraan race, a fast-day sermon for March 8, 1797, delivered in the church of St. Mary, Whit- tlesea ; oftavo. A letter to the Honourable and Right Re- verend the Lord Bishopvof Ely, on the subjeft of a new and, authoritative translation of the holy scriptures; 1797. An address to the people of Great Britain ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1798. It appears to be the defign of the reply to Mr. Wakefield, not so much to determine tkc . general queftion concerning public worfliip, as to vindicate the worship of the church of England from the censures passed on it in the enquiry ; while the letter to Paine is not an examina- tion of the contents of the age ofreafon, but an in- judicious general condemnation of it, on the ground of its being an impohtic and ill-timed pul> ENGLISH AUTHORS. 369 publication. The pamphlet on a new translation of the scriptures, pleads, for the impropriety of such an attempt — but these pieces throughout^ indicate A wifli rather tlian a power of benefiting the community, - BURGESS, REV. THOMAS. . ; I. Prebendary of. Durham and domestic chap* lain to the bishop of Durham. A gentleman of very distingiiiflied and celebrated attainments as a claflical scholar. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford and was for fome time a fellow of that society. He was also domestic chaplain to Bi(hop Barrington while his lordfliip held the see of Salisbury, as well as a prebendary of that cathedrah The first publications " of Mr. Burgess were his celebrated and excellent editions of Burton's riENTAAoriA and Dawes* miscellanea cri- tic a, the former in two volumes o£lavo, the latter in one ; publiflied in the years 1780 and 1781'. ■ He has subsequently written, An essay on the study of antiquities ; a pam- phlet, o£iavo, 1782. Conspeftus criticarum observationum in scriptores Graecos et Latinos, ac locos antiqua; eruditionis edendarum, una cum enarrationibus. Vol. I. A a col- 370 . , LIVING collationibusque veterufn cpdicum MssoruiTiy cir sylloge anecdotorum Gicecorum ; oftavo, Leyden, 1788. _ Initia Homcrica, sive excerpta ex Iliade Ho- meri, cum locorum omnium Grseca metaphrasr, ex codicibus Badleianis et Novi Collegii, M. S. &, majorem in pattern nunc primum edita j o6lavo, 1788. ' Remarks on Josephus' account of Herod's rebuilding of the temple at Jerusalem ; (occa- sioned by a pamphlet, cnt'iiled evidence that i/w telalion ef^jojephus concerning Herod' s having newt huilt the temfle at Jerusalem, is either false or misre" presented) ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1788. Considerations on the abolition of slavery and thfe slave-trade, 'upon grounds of natural, religious and political duty ; a pamphlet, o6tavo, i7S'9. The divinity of Christ proved from his own, declarations, attested and interpreted by his li- ving witricsses the Jews ; t sermon prcaehijd be-' fore the university of Oxford, at St. Peter's; Feb^ 28', 1790 J quarto. ■' Rerriarks on the scriptural account of the di- mensions of Solomon's-temple (occasioned by the iupplhmsnf to evidence (hat the relation of Josephus^ &c. as above); a pamphlet, oftavo, 179 1. ' ' The essay on the study of antiquities, is Writ- ten in the rhetorical style of panegyric. The au- thor displays in it a very refined taste, extensive* "' readiiig,. iE^GLISH AtrfHOliS. 37! t'eadibg, and a judgtnent fcorrefted by an intimate iicc[uaintance \^ith the best writers in various lan- guages. H^ treats of fclassical and British anti^ quities, bbth plolitical and mOnumchtal, as thefy are illustrative bf ' ancieht manners and conducive td elegance in the arts. The initIa Home- ric a is a little volume calculated to afford ex- fcellent assistance to youthful students of the Greek language i it impresseiJ on their minds the true and exaft meaning of many of the par- ticles, and teaches .them in what the Homeric language differs from that of later ages. In the fcontirdV^rSy reSpefting the temple at Jerusalemi Mt. feiir^tess endeavdnred to Shew, that the new feenSe in t^rhich the author of the Tevidenci under- stood the delation of Josephus, is neithei^ consist- fcnt with'pirbbability, the authority of scripture hbr the; iliual acceptation of the words in which the account is deliviered. But the' flrSt of his Jjamphlets bh this subjeft was writteri with ^ii ap- ^areiii: 'cdAfempIt of his dntagOnisti which ' th^ ^bodii^Ss'bf hi^' intention by no means merited. Upon the wholCjithe publicatibns of Mr. Burgess are less disi;ingi}j$hed:fpr brilliancy of parts than for erudition ; and it may be observed, that he generally shtisflfeg his Subjefti but seldom feihbel-, lishes it. . '. „ , Besidejhe pieces alrfciady feniimetatedj; he has fcdited Scveitl highly respeftable classical publii. ^"' A a a cations^ 372 LIVING cations ; as, the poetic of Aristotle loft for pul> licatrion by Mr. Tyrwhitt ; gravin^e* opus^ cuLA ; and the nEIIAOI of Aristotle,, with three unpublished inscriptions, from a manuscript in the Harlcan collcfiion. Mr. Burgess is also the conduftor of a valuable critical work now pul> lishing at Oxford ; of which two parts (in oftavo) have appeared, printed in 1792, and 1797. BURGH, WILLIAM, LLD. Of the city of York, A gentleman of one of the first families in the kingdom of Ireland, and a very learned and acute classical scholar. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity-col lege, Cambridge ; and was formerly a member of the Irifh house of convmpns. Dr Burgh has written, A scripturid , confutation, of the arguments against the one Godhead of the Fathei;,.iJon, and Holy Ghost, produced by the, Rev. Mr, Lindsey in his late apology. By a layinau ; one volume o£tavo, 1774. ,:■.!, • A learned civil bn of ttaly, who flourished' toward' the close of the hjt centuiy and wrote many valuable treatiias on Wvi and poi. lice literature. Some of hisi smaller pieces in the latter, class were rrpuVii^hcd by Mr. Burgess in an Svo. vol. at learned and elegant pcrforraancts, well adapted to afford yoimj students considerable jnfarmation and assistance in tkcir philosof.hioal- and itterary jurAiJts.. , : . , ^ ' , I . ENGLISH AUTHORS. 373 • An enquiry into the belief of the Christians t)f the' first three centuries, respecting the one Godhead of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, (a sdquel to the former ) ; one vol. o£lavo i77'8. It is a sufficient panegyric upon thesfe publi- cations to relate, that during the vice-chancellor- iliip of the late Bishop Home, the university of Oxford presfehted Dr. Burgh with -tlve honorary degree of L. L. D. for his very learned and inge- nious attack upon Mr. Lindsey's Unitariah doc- trincR. Dr. Burgh is also the author of n wcll- writteii cottimentary and notes to the edition of Mr. Mdsbn's English gardeti, in aa o£lavo volume- BURKE, MRS. The authress of tivo novels, entitled, Ela , or the delusions of the heart : a tale founded on fa£ts^7°'^^ ^°^' duodecimo,' 1787. ' The soh-ows of Edith V or the hermitage ef the cHffs : a descriptive tale founded oiifafts j two vblumes duodecimo, 1796. . '■ The former of these, a moral and truly pa- thetic tale, represents in very lively colours the fatalefFefils which inay: arise to the female who indulges the tender passidii uncontrouled j who listens not to the voice of reason, nor to the ad- monitions of her relations and friends: v^hile A a 3 the 374 LIVING the latter (which is likewise a pathetid, rather thai^ a descriptive tale) without the aids of splendi4 scenery, philosophical sentifnents, pr • even a^ highly embellished style,; is. calculated to interes;!,. the heart of every. reade^-.,:;i., .■•: '■■■:•'■ - > ,, : BURN, J0J1N, ESQr.ij !- ' Oqp of liis Majesty's justices .of the! peace for. the counties of Westrnqrelarid and. Cumberland. This gentleman is a son qf the latSiDr. Richard Burn, chancellor of the diopes^ pf ,.Cl^rjii$>l0,'' and author of the celebrated works on the office of a, justice of peace and on ecclesiastical law. He continued to th? tiine of .it§, pviblicatjon his fa- ther's new LAW DICTION ARV, in two volumes, pftavo {1792) ;,sn4 lias published, ,. . > .! - An appendix to the, seventeenth edition of Pr. B^^rn's ^'«J/«Vf ef th&. peace (m^.parijb-qfficer;. pontainjng all the a£ts of .parliament and. adjudged cases which J'gfete to the -office of a justice of thii peace, from 32 Geo. HI. to the present timej pne volume, oftavo, 1 795. The general form under; title coNvicTioii kayms liepn observed by the Lord Chief Justice^ to be i^ onp instance erroneous, a correfiled gen^r. I ' ■ i . I ? K, V, B?myell, C?s, by Durnf. and East, ifi? vol, y$. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 375 tal^fortti'of cohviftloh'was given 'In thi^'voliittie, tdgStMl:' With tiiei'est of that tifle' revised and ifconsidefkbly enlarged on the plan of th6 Ikte au- thor,' b|'Th6irnas Jei-v'is, E^q. a^^ritlehiari at the ■baV • 'arid alsb such new precedents xihdfei' btheV lieads;''is "were deemed necessary ^nd' consistent with' the design of "the' original work.' Thd feet (bf precedents respeQing the excise laws, rec6hi>- jii^n'ded by the high authority already hi^htioiifed, rife also ihtroduced in :this appendix. BURN, RE.V EDWARff, ' " •' ■ *. Minister of St. Mary's-chapel, Birmingham i iftnd one of Dr. Priestley's antagonists in theolo- ;gical 'controversy. He has written, Letters to the Rev. Dr.' Priestley, on the in- fallibility of the apostolic testiinbny confcerning the jpersbri of Christ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1790. ' Lehers (to the same,- in vindication of th6 foirmef Utters) ^ 'a pamphlet, oftavo, 1790. " A' reply to the Rev. Dr. Priestly's afpml W fhe puhlti bn the subjeft of the late riots at Bir- rhingharti} in vindication of the clergy, and other respeSable inhabitants of the town j A pamphlet, jbfilavo, 1792. Ih the first of theSe pamphlets, Mr. Burn cfiarged Dr. Priestley with asserting the reason of the individual tb be th6 sole umpire in matters of ' A a 4 f^^hj 376 , LIVING faith } with attempting to invalidate the testi- mony of the apostles, and to discredit the proof drawn from it, by divertiiig the attention to early opinions : and he condemned his sentiments as big with every mischief, as .unfavourable to the interests of society, and as attacking the, very basis of moral obligation, sp that the very deca- logue was not safe. This produced an answer from. Dr. Priestly, and the second pamphlet fol- lowed in rejoinder. The reply was dravvn up and published with the general concurrence and approbation of the clergy of Birmingham ; and Jn this as well as in the former ipstances, Mr. Burn evinced considerable ability as a writer, BURNABY, ANDREW, D.D. ! Archdeacon of Leicester, and vicar of Green- wich. This gentleman is a native of the town of Leicester. He travelled through the middle settlement^ in North America, in the years 1 759 3nd 17^0 ; obtained the living of Greenwich in J 769 ; and succeeded Dr. Biclcham to the arch- deaconry, of , Leicester, in the year 1786. Dr. Burpaby's publications have been. On the nature of subscription to articles of religion, (a sennon, preached before Mr. Law, aichdeacon of Rochester, at his visitation, at Bromley, June 17, 1774), Q6\a,\Q, Travels ENGLISH AUTHORS, 577 'Travels through, the middle settlfements hi North America, (with observations on the state of the (Colonies), one volume, quarto, 1775, On religious zeal, a sermon preached in Green- wich-church, June Hi 1780, (the time of the riots in London), and addressed to every pro- .testant subjeft in the realm ;* odtavo. ' A sermon, preached before the house of com- mons, ; February 21, 1781, (a general fast-day) ; quarto. A sermon, preached at Greenwich, on occa- sion of the national thanksgiving, July 29, 1784; quarto. A sermon, preached at Greenwich, April 2^, 1789J . on occasion of his Majesty's recovery j quarto. ■■ >■ Two charges delivered to the clergy of the archdeaconry of Leicester, in the years 1786 and 1,787: b£tavo, 1790; - • \ A isermon, preached at Greenwich, ,N6vem- bdr 4j 1792 ; quarto, 1793. The I blessings enjoyed by Ehglishmen, a mo- tive for their repentance, a fast-day sermon, prea- ched at Greenwich, April 19, 1793 ; quarto. A charge to the clergy of the Archdeaconry of Leicester; 1797. In Dr. Burnaby's travels, which have late- • There wa» also printed a penny-editioa of this spirited dij'' torn 8c, foj- the benefit of the common people. |7l ■' '' I^lViNG iy reached a third edition, he appears to have re- lated what he saw with fidelity. As his tour was made, 'previously to the disputes with America, the author had no political purpose to servfe ; a ,cjrcttm;9tance which, with many readers, 'Will raise the estimation of the work. The sbRm6n$ -and CHARGES are excellent compOsjtldnSj'"as •well in a literary -poipt of view, as iti^their able jPVipport of: our present religious establishment'."' ^URNpT, JAMES, ]LORD . MONBOBJDO^ , ; One' .of. the. .lojrds of "session for the fcin^dom pf.Scotla.nd. liJis lordship is.lhesonofa gaiitle- nian of a small estate in the county of K.jncar«> idinej but'whofwas descendtid, by themalelline, ■fromotl\e anci«nti:, and honourable' tjimily of : Sir Robert Burnet, of Leyes, barpn^t jatnd byt^e female, .frbni the poble. famili.es of Manshall/Ar'- buthnot, and Douglas. , He was educated at the King-8-oollege,; Aberdeen, gnd at the; University of Grpningen, in Holland. Having studied the ,civil law, he came to tlie bar of the court of session, ' on his return to Scotland ; and was no-? ticed for his learning by several eminent judges,- ■particularly hy Duncan Fofbes, the president of the court. Under him jind some of his eminent associates, he attained that knowledge of the Scotch law by which he aftervv?ird acquired such* ^ distjn- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 37^' distinguished' celebrity ; ■having 'b&en empkyed' as counsel in sbnje of the tnost remarkable causfesl; 5 particularly in that of Douglas. '■Upoti being ^.p^olnted one of the lords ofses&ioh in Scotland," he assumed, adcording to the custom of ' his country, the title of Lord Monboddo, from the' name of his family estate. ' i' . - While the Douglas Cciu&e was pending, hi? Lordship had occasion to make three joUrnies into France ; and in that country he. appears tp have conceived hjs first designs of authorship, Jie had long been curipus respe£ting the origii^ of the most wonderful art among men. Having heard of a book which gives an iaccount of the language of the Hurons, in North America, one pf the rudest languages upon earth, he made many fruitless attempts, to obtain a copy of it ; but at last discovered one in the Freftch Kilig'i^ library. The courtesy of ]\1. Caperonnier, the librarian, allowed him the privilege of carrying it home and keeping it for sorAe weeks ; and this book brought him so neaV to the origin of the art, that he thought himself capable of form-i-' ing a system of the invention and progress of it. To this circumstance we are indebted fof the ^rst volume of his work on language, Fioiii the pursuit of this study his lordftiip wa^ afterward diverted by the writings of Mr. Harris, particularly by his Hermes. He ijoon discovered that 380 LIVING, tljat we bad made a miserable exchange of the philosophy of the ancients, for the French philo- sophy, and that of Mr. Hume :, he became an enthusiast in the cause, and 1 was particularly shocked with the abuse of metaphysics, the high- ' est branch (if ancient philosophy, to the subver- sion of the principles of all religion, as vv^ell natu- ral as revealed,, and indeed to that of all human knowledge. ;This led him- to. his singular Avork «tn metaphysics. ■ • ;•, ^ r.i i Thes^ publications arc entitled, ;,,./j Of the origin and progress of language ; six V£)]unics, qi.Vcn'0, 1773 — ijc^Zi, i, . i o Ancitnt, metaphysics ; five .volumes, quarto. . 1779—1797- ; .J ., *Thc;jnY$tii;igation of .the origin of letters,, was attempted in.viiiu by the must learned among the ;^cients, who possessed nigajis, which ;do not re- main to us. The pursuit has, howeverj been rc- -vived and anxiously urged ainpng the moderns ; two of whom in our own country, bishop War- burfon and the subjctl: of the present article, men of singular learning, uiiabte byithe most extcu' .1. '' ■ ♦, Tliesc, obscrvatiw* arc rcpiiiited from the literary me- moirs OF i.ivisc AUTHORS, whence t.hty have been pillaged, fwilhoui ackjfoiukdgement, to help out a wietdied accpunt of Lord Moiiboddo, at J). 329 of British public charaaers of 1798, by Messrs. Philips awl Co, of St.' Paul's church-yard. 6iv;.-■ , , :■■ . ,. ir.^,'- ^fel/RNEY,^ CHARLES, MUSi D. F.R.S.- ■ A chara£ler of considerable celebrity in the li-# terary, but of still greater in the musical worldv * He was born in the tovyn of Shrewsbury in the* year 1726; and was educated at the free-schoot in that town, and at the public school at Chester^ In this city he commenced his musical studies, under Mr. Baker, the organist of the cathedraft and' a scholar of Dr. Blow, When he wa» eighteen "years of age his friends were prevailed; upoui at the persuasion of Dr. Arne, to send him,~ to London ; and for three years he enjoyed the, instructions of that celebrated master. He was afterward, for nine yearsj organist at Lynn Regis j during which time he first conceived the idear of writing a general history of music, and begaOr to read and colleft materials with that view. . In the year 1760, he returned to London j« where, from the zeal of his friends and the astO" nifllingperformancesof his eldest daughter (a child of eight years old) on the harpsichord, he enter- ed upon his profession with considerable reputa- , •Fpr the fomifr.part of this account of Dri Barnejr, we arac indebted to the European magazine, for March, 1785; ^vhence it. has been pillaged by Messrs. Phillips and.Go> in tiut'U'Brilisi cttt-t raffet'iiMwiniiivithiutack/ic'tvledeemtnl, ^U. LIVING tion and profit. The university of Oxford con-" ferred upon him the honorary degree of do£lor of music in 1769 ; and in the year following he set out on his travels through France and Italy, •with a view to coUedt materials for the history ■which lie had projefted, After returning to Eng- land, he made another tour with a siiXiilar view through the Netherlands, Germany, and Holland- ,. The publications of Dr.. Burnt;y havebeen. The cunning man, a musical entertainments (Druryrlane), o£tayo, 1766. The present state of music in France and Italy i or tlie journal of a tpur through those countries, untlerlaken to colledl niut<;:ials tor a general history of music ; one volume, o£lavo^ 177'- A letter from the late Signer Tartini to Sig- n.ora Maddalena Lombardini, afterward Signora Sirmen, (an important lesson to performers on the violin). With the original Italian ; a pamphlet, quarto, 177 1. The present state of music in Germany, the Netherlands, and United Provinces ; or the jour- nal of a tour, &:c. (as before) ; two volumes, oc- tavo, 1773. A general history of music, from the earliest ages to the present period ; four volumes, quarto,. 1776 — 1789. Account of an infant musician, (philos, trans- aft. 1779, p. 183). A» ENGLISH AUTHORS. 385 Ah account of the musical performances in Westminster- abbey, and at the Pantheon, May e.6, 47, 29, and June 3, 5, 1784, in comme- moration of Handel ; one volume, quarto, 1785. Memoirs of the life and writings of the Abate Metastasio : in which are ; incorporated ; transla- tions of his . principal letters j three volumes, oc- tavo, I796i'-:' .'• ' :.',■■. - The cuNNiNG'MAN is a translation of Rous- seaii's devinde.viliage, [ '^It was produced -about the time at which the original author came td England, and' was - adapted to, his miisic; Yet, notwithstanding these advantages and the ele- gance of the translation, it 'experienced but an liidifFerent reteption. There are very few readers of taste or curio- *ity) and who are sensible to the elegant gratifi- cations derived from the musical art, that are not well acquainted with the very distinguished merit of Dr. Burney's accounts of his musical tours. \\ His animated style and his perspicuous and feel- ing manner of describing performers and perfor- mances, in a narrative which is totally- divested of pedantry,' and 'Well diversified -notwithstanding the sameness ,bf the subjeft, render his. j/erfor- mances by no means .uninteresting and scai'cely any where unintelligible, even to the .unmusical reader : while hib circumstantial and $atisfa£tory accounts of the state of various musical establish^ : Vol. I. B b ments 386 .;',;-t-.>i), LllV.IlSr.G>i .VZ-i Bientfi. andj'lexbibitionsv arid his : many judifcious ifeniarks- >6n the 3t):lcs' and, manners of the difr •fercnt mastera, accompanied ; by occasiQnal ge- neral Qbserv^tions relative, to the art, which indi-r cate the depth, taste».,and sensibility of the ob- servej,. are highly gratifying to the learned and curious in that science; . ; These volunies are ex» cellent models for travellers in keeping a journal. / had, said Dr. Johnson, that devtr dog Bitrniy's musical Jour in my eye, when he visited the He- brides. .. ;' : In praise of Dr. Buraey's erfpbrated histo- .HY &F MusiG, it is hardly possible to- say too much. It is the only work orthe kind that hass- teen written in any language-, which' can be read with satisfaftion by real judges of the subjjeft ; the oiily one in which they will find any thing; approaching to an union of all the requisites o£ a: good musical historian ^>^ a thorougjli knowledge ©f the subject, a sound and unpre}udiGe,d judge- ment ; criticism equally supported by science* and. by taste,, and much authentic; and original Information, rendered more interesting by, a cer- tain amenity, which is a general icharadteristic of DiC B^f ney 's -produftions, and which may best 1?^ denned as^ the diametrical opposite to every thing that we ealL dull aqd dry.. . We recoHeOf no literary undertaking of equal labour in research S^nd. execution, where that labour is more appa- vi.;--' ; 'i .! rent £NGi:iSM AUTHORS. $8^ tent to thfe feftdei* when he cetisUdrs \\itviork, ot less evideftt while he t-eads it. ' ;' 'The AdcouKt of- an infant ni'usicltlri W&* dfavVn up at the Request df Sir John Prihgld and Vt. WilH&n^ Hunter. It rfelalies td the celebrated Williith Ct-otcb> at p'rfesent professor df music itt ih€ uftitei-sity of OxfoVd. ' The laudable zeal of those Eminent admlrersl of att vphb AVdfe ij5s|»ij'ed with thfe gigantic idii of co^fmemoration, -as- eixfecuted in hbnout" of Han- del, Were aftefWatdiid td perpetuate, if possible, by a rispeftablei' aftd faithful record, the accom-i plishment 6f their putpb^. TheiV choice of the pen df tHe mitsital hisfdf-iM was judicious and riii- tutal ; and his 'Slraluable Volume was enriched by a vei'y welUwHttell 'skfit'cH of the lif^ of that g'^eat'baster''." • . 'i" ■■r ; . 'TKfe'iftlaterialff fdt thii memoirs of Metas- tasid* Werie ihdaslHdUsly' cbllefled at Vienhia arid in Ifalyj and'GdJflpreheiid, beside the well-kridwrt biographifes' of^iRetsief and of Chlriitini, many tvrorks of infelHdr tiotei as well a^fhe pdsthumbus edition of the poet's letters. Thi3 wbrlc' Kis hdw» ever been branded, as deficient in that'ai"range- ment and judicious selection which distinguish Dr. Burney's former works. Beside the publications already ehutnerated,. We are told that Dr. Burriey has written am es- say TOWARP A HISTORY OF COMETS, (1769)1 ,':^'M B b a whiclp 588 :;v , LIVING yrhich we ,do not recolleft to have seen., H« also drew up a plak of a pubhc music ^cHoo,L, (not printed), winch was Eidopted in 1774 bythp guardians and governors qfihe found' ling^ hospital,, and ordered to be carripd; into execu- tion by. Pr. Burney^ and M. .Giardini,.with pro- fessional assistants ; but UC! was soon . sfte.Eward suppressed, .by,, a civb^j,; iq.the .^bsfince pf the principal , governors. : Of hi&iMu*.'^CA.i,fwoRKS it 15 not ouji'provjnce to speak. ., ,,,.i, 1 • i, jPr. purney.is at presept: organist of Chelsea- hospital, ai)d an inhabitant of a suit of apartments iri, Cbel^earCoUege. He h?is beep twice .mar- rjp^^j.and has had eight children, several of whpni h«^ve given thf public prppfsi of their superior tar Itnts. Of liis eldest daughter, and her. early ex- cellence as a musical performer, we have already made .mention; and to our, accounts ; of j Mrs. D'Arblay and the subje£t? of ithe three articles ifyhich follow the present, , >vc , refer, the reader ; remarking only; that a-^ribute qf regard, is richly dne toj the parent who has reared these childrery of his talents, jn a manner so worthy of theiir prie-eminence^ ,. . i, ^ i , yj. ■U ^ u • BUR? ENGLiil^ ^AUTHORS. 365/ ^ihg'drti4li^, and one oi the most.-celebfated ji.i-,> ■'■•"■i* * 'Vf "■'?"'•''<':!)."• "tt ".ii'il, -J ''^ 'i' • *(jreeK-Schoiars we have. He rtiamed a dauah- fer bf "the late Dr. Rose,, 'master of the grarnmar ■schdal rt Chiswick ; ana for sometime kept tnat sthool. At present he is rtaster,of .a..very resfidfliW^'a^adenilj^'at GrcienWich.''," .A's a me- trical Greek-scholar hp is perhaps the mqstdis- tingiii^ed^bf^ui' time; "-and hie has afforded the public some capital specimens of his skill in se- veral '^ct^' mi'steny criticisms in the »io«M/y r?- view, particularly upon' the mnosirophtci of Dr. Huntingford, and tJie Greek translation of Carac- tacus by Mr. GJa^se., He 5uccee4ed, we believe, to a share in that literary journal on the death of Dr. Rose, whp .was one of its origrinal institutors; but ,ne, appears to be only an qccastontil contri- Diitgr 'to .it. " We nave Ainderstood-that Dn, Bur- ney is , at present, preparine an [Cdltion or some Greek-authoc,, . ■■(-, a r..,i ■ ; ■ 1'' ,' I . \',<[yj 'l''"'r .'■:'-'' -'. !"'<•■■•"■. : ''■ ■' • Dr. P»nr «ay«— •' Porton it the firit,_y»« i/iotu'who i« the tibcond, and Biirnef il the third." * J.'V B b 3 BUR- ri , , LIVING ,.Bp][lNEY, JAMES,, ^^. J. ^ • A ppst-cgptain in : |iis I^?tje?it|',§j,jgavy^-^and j;he eii^r brotj^er ' oiF. the siibjeQj ol". thS|,pre^din|; PV^ljc credit ^,,gMario^lf^^7|, .hdo.iruu! ,.:.d:. , 1 ■/,•/ ^0'RN^.ir^; Miss: ■"'.''■ '^' ,KL.>i .X' ' A 'younger sister' o( tlip sume^ts of the tyvio, ■precedihe articles;" She Has written a iloVel which redounds considerably .to her credit, anp entitles her to'be'called ho unworthy foUowerpf her ce- lebrated sister, Mrs. D'Arblay. It is entitled, Clarentine j three volumes, duodecimo, 1756, -i :: ■ - ^^^' ENGLISH AUTHORS. $^% , iB.yRTQN^ Epky,KD,,' 'E|'3Q.,\m,A» ' V , TJ:rifijg«ntJ :' [.■ ; 111!.!.-; I.j! li .III ,;i ;i. . .'.: y . ' •' ' CleVk of the rope-ysird'ih his Majesty's' dock- yard at Ghitham;' The author of a sensible and useful worki' entitled, ^ ' ' " • ■ Leftures on female education and manners j two volumes duodecimo,' 1 793. ' ' BUR* ENGLISH AUf HORS. 39^ 7 ( BURTON, MkS. , The authress of two very indifferent ,novci». whose- titles are, , The fugitive, an artless tale ; ,two voljimesj- .Laura,, or the orphan ;■ two volumes. duodc*"- cimo,, 1758. ,, , , ,, ; : ;• J <*■■■ 1 r.r,. , ■'■'' ; ; BUSBY>, THOMAS. . v Of: Lambeth. Author' of a pamphlet whic!i bears marks of ability as well as of carelessness^ ' entitled, ■■: --"v ■ " -': ■• ' •■' '■ The age of genius! a satire oh the' times: ill a poetical 'epistle to a friend j qUartb, 1786.' ' We think we likewise recolkft to have seeft some songs, written and composed by Mr. Busby.' He 'is at. present engaged, we understand, iii wri- ting a poetical translation of Lucretius ; whicli is to be comprised in two volumes quarto. Biir^ ^H X5!^:t:l^IjYJ?^Gr BUTLER, RJ. -Rfi;Y.. JOHN, L.L.D. Lord bishop of Hereford. This prelate was chaplaiin to the 'fetV princess of Wales; ana for some time minister of Great Yarmduth. 'i-Ie, y/ias' afterward' 'nike 4-' ^f iitifcildai-y' of ''Wihch'is'ter ; and subsequently archdeacon of Surry'ahd'chapT liiri^b' his-'Majesfy;'^ YnHJ'ff'hfl'Ua^' cohiidiirated bishop of Oxford in the room of doGlbi^' LdWili,' who was trsnslated to the see of London, and in 1788, on the death of Dr. John Harlcy, his lord- ship was translit^d felftis p«^^t bishopric. The publications of Dr. Butler have been confined to , ^jgk/s?5MejiM/pf wliii«h(tbBj following: is,.th'!? ; • , ! B^fpre the hou^e. pf ,|prd.s at, the ^bbey-church of Wesiliinstei; (on the gpneral/astjday,,|'ebruarjr, «7H778).J;quaT^o.;.„.„i .. ,,,;,;.., ;. . .,,;-• , On thjB api^iyet^ary :meeting of the gbyefnors. oF thie Jla^clfffe .infi^-mary, (at St. Mary'f Ojjfprdj, July 6, 1778)} quarto. , ,, . ,' ,, , , . ,. ;On„the. anniversary meeting of the president and governo.rs. of t^ei Magdalen charity (at the Magdalc;n;|ipspit:^lj Mpy 1 1^1786); quarto. ; ' ,,Before the hpusei,jofilords, Westminster, Ja* i]»u^ry 30»,i787 ;.p£^evp»; !,,,,. ,,!,.;.•., ;j ■ These, discourse^., are, in, ge?)eral judiciousj and frequentlyi elegant compositions. . , , , , . , .!-^ ']■■■ .-i: .•)■• - i .-, •-t--V ; ;!'.;:"■>,; • r, . ■;'■' :r! =.■•> ' •' f-: ■-..,; :,..,; ■■■ ,t .BUTLER, REV, WEEDEI^, M.A,. ■ , Morning preacher pf; Charlotte-street chapeU, Pimliqo ; r^and chaplain -to the right honourable, the dowager lady Onslow. This very re$peftabla; clergyman was the intimate friend of the late^ unfortunate Dr. Dodd. He forsook hira not to. his last mbniefrit'of 'existfenct, and appearcia to buffer even "Wore than his frieridoiV the oc'casioh df his ineMthbly' catastrophe:' Mr. Butkf has for some years kept a private schoolat Ch'elsea/ with distiiiguised reputation. He ha!s wrilteli ' An. actoiinf of the' life'-'and Vridngs'bf the Reverend Do£tor G^orgfe St^rihope.^dcan' of Oan- terbur'y (author of'the 'iiaraphra^se', &ic.' ' bn^'the epistles and jgospels);'a •pairi'jJhleit/ bCtavb'.'-' ^^ ' The perpetuity of brothbrly"love'^focon^- i^'ended 'i(a 'Sermon 'for' the'^''rbyaj'*^'6uhibfefland sihooli [)re&fch<^U • Marc \\^dd,H '791 , at' S't. ' Bridb's,' Fleet-street); quarto. .'-Jt^hp i{''-'>\\i . ■jt'\ -"'r'jA:''sermori cfddreSsedtb 'the airnied assbdiaiion of th^ parish- of St. 'Lu-kt^ fchelsea, aM to 'the W* habitants^yt'large^July 8/.V798') ;''baaVo;''''\-'' ^ '^' 'Memb'irs "of- Mark '-riildtsley, 'D,-D;-'lord bishop of Sodor and Mah'll ' (under whbse 'aii- spices thei.holy scripture^ 'were' translated into the Manks langiTagyj^-'oilfci'Vdlornej'ljflaVb, 1^798. ' * The zeal, industry and execution of Mr. Butler, as a biographer, cannot be too highly ap- plauded." In his' MEMbiRS of Dr/'Hilciesley'lie has collected many particulars of the life of a very eminent feis'arnple of a'p'rirfilitive''chi-istmh' bishop ; to whom, and-' to' his" ifl'rrte'd'fat'e predece'^sor/ Bishop Wilson, the island bf' Mknn is under' in^-' finite obligations. The serrhons'are likewise v6ry' liaferitorious prbduftions. ■'■'■''■ ...;.i-. '- BUT- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 397 BUTLER,' WitfiD'EN; jUiST. M.A. ' .,1 « .[) .Mt"' :■: li' ■■■, This gentlemaiii 'a sori'of'^the subjdfil of the preceding article, was eddcated at Sidney-Sus- sex college, Cambridge. In the year 1794, he published ' a well-executed translation^ from the French, of Colonel, Weiss* pamphlef; entitled a- prospeff of > the. political ^Jrelations < which subsist ^*- /ween the' French repiiblit and the 'Helvetic bodyi He has also produced a ^'w-y^w/Ve' publication, enti^ ted -'r. '-.' '•■■■' ■■■ ■' ■■ :■■:•-■ ■ ■ Bagatelles ; or miscellaneous produ£tions ; consisting of original poetry and translations j as pamphlet, 6£lavo, 1795.' !' •" ' " ■'^*' - . ' ; ■ \i;(; ;;■> lie r ^.{■.■A I- '' , BUTLER, I Charles; ESQ. Of Lincoln's-inn-now-square. Bafrister-at- law and ari ' eminent conveyancer. This gentle^ man, in'associartton with Mr. Francii Hai^r&vei edited, the excellent thirteenth edition of Sir' Ed- ward Coke's commentary upon Littleton,, (folio, 1 7 i%)i Mr, Hargrave undertook the task from a pecu- liar partiality and reverience for the original work j but, after having bestowed upon it a' great part of the labpur of ten years, be found it nfecessary tq relinquifli its campletion.' Mr. .Butler took' it up 55f x:::hlivinG' "I tip alid "concluded k with a degree of professional knoyvledg6rap(^- industry wliic,h have been bighly and justly applauded. The juclicious and elc- ^dn6.pi*efadey; as; well as .the. index, are his sole ■produRiohS.j'; /■■ '• •'-■- ^- •/ ,-:-Ui- ,, • -■■''''." .. .[ }^r\ Butler ia'said alsp't'o be the author ahd presunxp'tdonof'the authof in this undertaking, 'are feq'uallfed only !by his' inca»- pacity for its 'due executfonp. ; He ^ivas afiltially Unacquainted -with', thfe 'tircumstjahcb' of Fostet having published thc'poem' 6f"MUsurus/ in his ingenious book oh Greek kcceut^V tat the time of committing ' this' miscellarifeous fAbrication 'to the press 5 And: the greater portion fof what He ha* ^iven usj is absolutely beneath thle dignity; "of cri* ticisAi. Tlieibobk had thet holiourj !howfcver, of being exposed in a very masterly mannefj and with more urbanity than it deserved, by Dr. Uurney, jun. and Mr. Gilbert Wakefield, m the ;fHotJfMy and critical ievie^fvs,* , " ' i ' 1 i 'T Wlien we were tdd that Mr, Butler is em- ' •• " 1 .-i ■^'- "1 ' > ■ •■■■[') /, '' • A vlry few moMh i after tHe pttblication of hi* tnimpef|! nedky, this insufferable eoxepinb had the assurance to vend the folij- lowing card to thimonlbly reviewers, (vide Vol. ij, N. S. p^j * J9J» Mr. S. ittfttr rtiuHt bit bist tbaitki to ib'e li*r'ned rMt^^ir if til little publicaliwi for: tbt great, atiinttou bettovied iujt. --Mr, Py is loo mncb engei^d in hit important undertaking ef.tbeedilioHpf Csebytui, to tbink of reviling bit juvenile publication, otherwise be •would be happy tr profit by the candid and }ttdicioUi eritieismi oflbt M. R. He nvill not fail ti insert in its proper j^hei; thefiappy re- storation of the last chorus in the Supplices, and be pledges bimseljf'^t* tie pttblit to employ his utmost rare ank attention in the conduH of this edition ofEsehylus, 'f ; 400 LIVING ployed by the syndics of the CambridgCrpress to republish Stanley's jEschylus, with considerable additions from the notes of other scholars, we could hardly credit what we heard. ; Can these syndics, inferior as lh^ir university is in classical fame, be judges so totally incompetent,, of the qualifications I for such, a work? Can they have made such, a I choice, when the persoq a- (lapted, of all others, to the undertaking, is the Greek professor iri : their university ? And . can they, in a word, so shamefully ' betray the trust reposed in them, for the promotion of solid lito raturc ? . . i BUTTER, WILLIAM, M. D. Of Grosvenor-street. Fellow of the royal college of physicians, Edinburgh, and also mem- ber of iJie medical society of that city. This gentlema\i after being educated for his profession at the university of Edinburgh, was for some years settled as a physician in the town of Derby. He has written, A method of cure for the stone, chiefly by injcftions; a pamphlet duodecimo, Edinburgh, »754- ... Dissertatio de frigore quatenus morborum causa; o£lavp Edinburgh, 1757. Dissertatio ENGLISH AUTHORS. 401 biasef latio de arteriotoi;nia j o£tavo, Edin" burgh, 1761; A treatise on the khikeoUgh j one volume o£tavo, 1773. Ah kccbunt df puerperal feVers, as they ap* ipear in Dcrbyfliire, and some of the counties ad- jacent ; a pamphlet j oftavo, 1775/ ■■■■■''' A treatise on the infantile remittent fever j a pamphlet o£lavo, 1782. An improved- method of opening" the tempo- ral artery': also a new proposal for extra£ling the ,catara£l J one volume, o£lavo> 1783. A treatise on the disease commonly called angina peftoris; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1791. When Dr. Butter waseri|;ag^d in expferimfents on arteriotomy, the sUbjedt of his thesis at Edin- burgh, he made ian attempt publicly to opeh the carotid artery in a pktiential the infirtliary ! ' Af- ter the; first incision had been made, he was pre^ vented^ by .the i patients ; fainting,: from a'ccom* plishing his purpose ; and on the following day his intentibn was entirely set aside, by the inter* ference oC the managers of the infirmary. His treatise on the kinkcough was severely criticised, in an anonymous pamphlet, soon after its appear- ance i and' it is perhaps a fault of most, of hig publications that he is too much under the in- fluence of -zJ^rj^/awmV*? /[yj)!?/^^^^. ' He' claims to have been the first in Scotland* V'OL. I. Cc wh» 402 LIVING who publicly contended, that the lymphatwi veins must be a system of absorbents. BUTTERWORTH, REV. JOHN. A dissenting minister of the city of Coventry,. The author of a judicious abridgement from Cru- den, entitled, A new concordance and diftionary of th« holy scriptures} one volume, o£tavo, 176;^, (greatly improved in a pew edition, in 1785). BUTTERWORTH, LAURENCE. Author of, ' The supcTrexcellency of the christian relit gion displayed ; or a treatise on natural and re-v vealed religion j a pamphlet, o£tavo, 1 7,84. Thoughts on moral government and agency, and the origiji of moral evil ; in apposition to the doftrine of absolute, moral, christian, and phti losophical necessity j one volume, o£tavo, 1792, To the first of these publications, >vhich con- tains a very accurate delineation of the leading features of Calvinism, and no mean defence of its distinguishing principles, is added an ansvyec to Mr, Lindsay's popular argument against the divinity ENGLISH AUTHORS. 40J divinity of Jesus Christ. The thoughts af- forded the necessarian little, which had not already been satisfa£tori!y answfcred. They are accom- panied by some strictures on Dr. Priestley's corre- spondence with Dr. Price on the same isubjeft. ' ill CALDECOTT, THOMAS, ESQ, vJf- the Inner-Temple. Fellow of New-cOl-" legCi Oxford, and an eminent council on th6' Oxford Cii'caiti ' This gentleman has published, ■ Reports of cases relative to the duty and of- "fice of a justice of the peace, from Michaelmas terra 1776, to Trinity term 1785, (both inclu- $ive) ; two volumes, quarto, 1 7^6, 1785. Sir James- Burrovv published reports of settle- ment cases, from the time of the death of Lord Raymond in 1732, to the year 1776. From that time, to Trinity term 1785, they were continued by Mr. Caldecott, and his Volumes bear very distinguished ijiarks of attention'and accuracy. C c a CAL- Jo4 LIVINQ; . C ALDER, JOHN, D.D. This gentleman was originally a clergyman of the church of Scotland. He came to Londoa under the ^patronage of the late Duke of Nor- thumberland, and for some years resided in the neighbourhood of his Grace at Alnwict-castle. It was here that l^e conceived the design of pub- lishing a sumptuous edition of the tatler, SPECTATOR and GUA«DiAN : with notes, as- signing as nearly as possible each paper to its resptjftivewjlt^rj and, wlth.sjnecdQtcs of the l^ves of the writers. The tatler, which was finish- ed in association : with Mr., John Nichpls, , kpr" peared in the year 1786, in six; .volAvniesjsniall- oftavo, . It has subsequently been reprinted witlv the handsonae o,6U-ivo ettttion of the sbectator ^T\(l. GUiARPiAN, with notes chiefly by Dr. Guil- der,. Bishop Percy and Mr. Nichols, ;■ , Dr. Calderwas also, the translator of Pierre. Frao^ois, le Gourayer's ,i-A8T srntiments oa religion,* (dyodecimo, i^/Sy), CALD* ENGLISH AUTHORS. 40^ CALDWALL, THOMAS. Apotheca,ry; to the city-dispeiisary, and the ■compiler of a very Indifferent publication, en- titled, V . A sele6t coUeftion ,of ancient and modera epitaphs and inscriptions ; one volume, duodcr ciinx), 1796^ CALLENDER, JAMES, THOMSON. An exile in America. He was formerly a clerk to a senator of the college of justice in Scotland, but, having taken upon himself to write a series of pamphlets concerning the abuses in government, he was apprehended, upon pub- lishing the first of them at Edinburgh in the year 1792 J and with some difficulty he made his esr cape. . An enlarged edition of this shamefully virulent pamphlet was afterward published undc^ the title. The political progress of Britain : or an im- partial history of abuses in the government of the British empire in 'Europe, Asia, and Ame- rica, from the revolution in 1688, to the present tirap. The whole tending to prove the ruinouf C c 3 xonsf- Aoi tlYING consequences of the popular system of taxation, war, and conquest J oflavo, 1795. Since his expatriation, Mr. Callppder has published at Philadelphia, the political re- gister (o£lavo), consisting of the proceedings in the session of congress frorn Novenaber 3, 17^4. CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD, OWEN, ESQ. A venerable and respeftable ch5ra£Vcr, who still enjoys the otium cum dignitate with literature and literary men. Mr, Cambridge was one of the original contributors to the world,* a pe- riodical paper, which was set on foot hy Mr. Ed- ward Moore, the author of fables for the female sex. He has also written. The scribleriad, an heroic poem j quarto, A dialogue between a member of parliament and his servant : in imitation of Horace, lib. II. sat. 7. quarto, 1752. The intruder : in imitation of Horace, lib. L aat. 9 ; quarto, 1 753. ♦ When Mr. C. was at church one (unday, during the progress' ef this publication, his lady observed that he was remarkably gravfr and thoughtful. Appehcnding that he had something disagreeable en his. mind, she asked him what he was thinking of. •' Upon a Tcry important i.biefl indeed, my dear," said he, « I am thinking ^rf then^iV/ •world,'" J1»R ENGLISH AUTPIORS. 407 The fakeer, a tale ; quarto, 1756. An account of the war in India, between the English and French, on the coast of CoromandeJ, from the year 1750, to the year 1760: together with a relation of the late remarkable events 011 the Malabar coast, and the expeditions to Gol- conda and Surat j with the operations of the fleet. Illustrated with mapSj plans, &c. The whole compiled from original papers ; one vo- lume, quarto, 1760, The scRiBLERiAD and the imitations oi Horace, gained their author great applause at the time of their publication, as a writer of in- genuity and taste. Of the fakeer, the plan was taken from Voltaire, who evidently derived the hint from Le Comte's history of China. In his ACCOUNT of the vvar in India, Mr. Cam- bridge descended to the lowly office of a mere compiler. His obje£ls were to brng the gene- rality of readers acquainted with the geography of a country^ of which, as yet, they had very imperfeft and confused notions : and to lay be- fore the better informed, a clfear, exa£l, and im- partial statement of fa£ts, drawn entirely frohi authentic papers ; by which they might, judge for themselves, •whether the civil and military of- ficers of the' English or French East India com- pany a£lfcd with the greater portion of upright- ness and bravery, in the course of the war and its relative negociatlons. C c 4 €A- 40$ LIVING^ CAMERON, CHARLES. Architeft : formerly of Piccadilly. The au» thor of a very splendid and entertaining work, entitled. The baths of the Romans explained and il-; lustrated : with the restorations of Palladio cor- refted and improved, (and a dissertation on the state of the arts, during the different periods of the Roman empire) ; imperial folio, (with mx-- jnerous engravings), 1772, CAMPBELL, WILLIAM, D. D. A protestant dissenting minister of Armagh: He has published, •■ The presence of Christ with his church in every age and period of it, explained and proved; a sermon, preached at Antrim, June 28, 1774, at' a general synod of the protestant dissenting mi- nisters of the presbyteriari persuasion in Ulster ; oftavo. A vindication of the principles and character of the presbyterians of Ireland : addressed to the J3ishop * of Cloyne, in answer tO' his book, «n- * Dr. Woodward, titlcdj. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 4'o^ titled, the present state of the church of Ireland i a pamphlet, oftavo, 1786. * An fexamination of the Bishop of Cloyne's defence of his principles, (with observations on some of his lordship's apologists, and a defence- of the church of Scotland from the charge of per- secution); one volume, o£tavo, 1788. The VINDICATION, a temperate and mas- terly performance, is a severe retort upon the Bishop of Cloyne j who had unnecessarily stig- matised the presbyterians of Ireland, as indepen- dents, whose principles tend not to set up, but to pull down an ecclesiastical establishment, and therefore as not entitled to national confidence. The controversy being thus opened, several apo- logists appeared for the bishop j among whom the Reverend Dr. Stock was conspicuous. In the EXAMINATION, the presbyterian advocate had the policy to aim his strokes at the most ten- der and open parts ; he was accordingly very se- vere on the subjefl: of tithes. Many pertinent, remarks occur on other ecclesiastical matters 5 but they are chiefly of a detached nature, arising incidentally froni passages cited, from his advcr-' furies. CAM^ 4iy JLIVING CAMPBELL, REV. THOMAS, L. L. p. Chancellor of St. Macartin's, Clogher. This gentleman is a native of Ireland. He has writ^- ten, A survey of the south of Irfeland j one vo- iume, oflavo, 1777. ■ A sermon, preached in the church of St. An- drew, Dublin, February 6, 1 780, in aid of a cha- ritable fund for the support of twelve boys and eight girls ; quarto. Stri£turcs on the ecclesiastical and literary history of Ireland, from the most ancient timea till the introdud^ion of the Roman ritual and the establishment of papal supremacy by Henry II. King of England. Also an historical sketch of the constitution and government of Ireland, from the most early authenticated period, down to the year 1783 ; one volume, oftavo, 1789. The remark has long since been made, that no modest nation has attempted to carry its claimi to antiquity to such an extravagant height, a» has been done by the people of Ireland. The valour, the prowess, and the accomplishments of their ancestors, in times of the remotest anti-. quity, and in the days of western savageness, ignorance, and barbarism, have been the suc- ceeding ENGLISH AUTHORS. 411^ ceeding themes of the Irish historians in general. iDr. Campbell, in his strictures, has perform- ed a task which was suggested by Dr, Johnson and recommended by Mr. Burke. He has drawn, with an intelligent and steady hand, the lines between what was merely fiflion, what was at best uncertain, and what was aftually capably of proof. He examines into the strongest proofs which the partisans of Irish antiquity have ad- duced from the monuments, the literature, and the manners of that country} and in general maintains the ground which he has at first occu- pied, with truth, force, and precision- He then pursues the assertors of Irish antiquity through a long train of allegations and pretended fafts, which he is generally successful in proving to he fallacious and unfounded ; while his illustrationf are heightened with considerable hutnour. The sketch of the government and constitution of Ireland, which is added as an appendix, con- tains much valuable matter, disposed in the best^ arrangement. CAMPBELL, DONALO, ESQi Of Barbreck. This gentleman formerly com- manded a regiment of cavalry in the service of the nabob of the Carnatic. Inthejourucy which he 4i» LIVING tc made to India over land, he met with pecu- liar difficulties and hardships, which he surmoun- ted with surprising spirit and perseverance. To traverse the country from Aleppo to Bagdad, he ■was forced to assume a Tartar disguise, to submit liimseU" to a Tartar guide, and to be treated as fcis slave ; while his own servant was to aft as interpreter. Having left Goa to proceed. to Mad- ras, he encountered the miseries and horrors of a shipwreck ; and, having escnped these perils, he was thrown on the coast of Hydcr Alii, and made prisoner, together with a Air. Hall, by Hy- der's troops. He was marched naked under th* burning sun up tlic country, thrown into prison, and intreated to accept of a' command in Hyder's army. On his peremptory refusal he was threa- tened with hanging, and endured intolerable hardships ; which were augmented by the death of his amiable companion in misery, Mr. Hall, whose irons were riveted to his own, and the stench of whose putrid corpse he was obliged for a long timp to endure, before his cruel tyrants would allow its removal. At last Mr. Campbell was released from boridage, through the success of the English arms in India, under General Ma- thews, whom he assisted in obtaining possession of Hydernagur, the place of his confinement. He afterward procedcd to Bengal, visited various places in the East-indies, and after some other adventures^ ENGLISH AUTHORS. 413. .adventures, returned from China to England. Mr. Campbell has written, A journey over land to India, partly by a route never gone bcfoi e by any European ; one volume, quarto, 1795. ■ < .,..-. ' •. ■ A letter, to (the Marquis of , Lorn, on the pre*« sent times y, a pamphlet, ;0£tavo, 1798. -1 The j J q u R N E Y professes a scrupulous adherence^, to truth.,, It was penned principally with a vievri to the improvement of the author's children ; and. it is written in a scries of letters to his son. Though the bare incidents are sjifficient to make the work interesting, it is evident, .that, in many places, they are related less for their own sake, than ; for that ©f the plssejryations'and refleftiqjis which are deduced from them. The letters do the writefr credit as;a man and. as a'parent; and if they. bjC; deemed mQr,e it^. .number, than, was, abyi^ solutely; necessqryy pri.opcn, occasiopally, ito,th«; charge; 6f pfoJixity; ith^y jneyerthelesg forrpj, alto-f gether, 1 a ivaluable ' and amusing publication,*- ■ The LETT, Eft to LofdriLorn abounds in bold an^, salutary: admonitions,, , .,, j . ,.!' .v; ; , ,- ; • ■ ( ' ; ■ 1 ■ ■ -'11 '■; .'v . , ',',';'' : ;'■' '.: * An abrldgeihent*. of this work was publislied Sri a duodecim* '. Tolume, in the .^ear 1796; biit apparently without the privity oSj' «on|«ntofth«autboi;. . »* .. . .J 'I \ \ '■...;■. / : '• ■ _• I M ■ r i ' ■ /'.'., GAMP- ifr4 LIVING CAMPBELL, LAWRENCE, DUNDAS, The editor of THE inoian observer, (cc- favo, 1798), by the late Hugh Boyd, Esq. to ■which he has added a life of the author, and some miscellaneous poems of considerable merit. Mr. Campbell has been at some pains in this publica- tion, to prove Mr. Boyd h e author of Junius' letters 'and the satirical poems of Malcolm Mac- gregor : on which subjeft we refer the reader to our article Almon. CANNING, GEORGE, ESQ. M. P. One of the under-secretaries of state in the foreign department, and receiver-general of the alienation-office. This gentleman is a native of Ireland ,^d the son of a gentleman in the law, who died young. He was educated at Eton and at Christ-church-college, Oxford ; distinguishing himself at the former as a classical scholar, and at the university, as a very able proficient in ab- struse science. For his jntrydu£tion into public life, Mr. Canning, is indebted to Mr. Sheridan. Upon a vacancy made by Sir Richard Worsley in the year 1793, he was chosen to represent the borough of Newton, in the Isle of Wight ; and at the last general elecUon he was returned iorth? borough of WendovGf, At ' ENGLISH AtFTHOKS. 41^ At the time of the publication of the MiCRb- • cosM, a celebrated periodical paper by Eto- nians, Mr. Canning ■ was one of the senior schd* ]ars of that seminary. In association with Messrs. I., and R. Smith and Mr. I. Frere, he was a prin- cipal contributor to the undertaking. The pa- pers which he wrote, bear the signature B. they are in general of a lively, ironical complexion, and are executed with great ingenuity. While a student at Oxford, Mr. Canning gained several prizes in the university ; one in particular for a very beautiful Latin poem, cou" tainlng some singularly excellent lines. Of the figure, which he makes in the British senate, it has been said, that it corresponds 'hot with the splendid promises of his early manhood. The success of his pen, however, in his official capacity, vv'ill be readily acknowledged ; and no cotemporary of Mr. Canning at th^ ilniversity of Oxford, however he may admire his talents, will Wonder at being told that he is not armed with the intrepid ener^ of mind and voice, I Vincentem stlepituS} et natum rebus agendUv Mr, Canning is well known to have been St principal cpnduftor of the antijacobik, or weekly examiner, (1798), in association with Messrs. Frere, Ellis, &c. The reputation and. success 4iS LIVING success of this paper were equalled orjly by It^ merit, and by the beneficial influence of its pub- lication, We have been told that it is in coi:-» templation by the same praise-worthy benefaftors to our country, to publish periodically a small pamphlet upon a similar plan, during subsequent •sessions of parliament. ,,The substance of Mr^ Canning's speech in the house of commonSj December ii, 1798, on Ml": Tiej-ney's motion against continental engage- ments, has been published in aa o£lavo pamr I?Wct.^^^, , •CANTERBUR Y, ARCHBISHOP OF.- ! . See Moore. ',;CARP^>^'' CORNELIUS, D. D. , I,.: .Vicar .pf Ewny-Lalent, and master of the grammar-school at Truro. He has pubjjiihccj three single sermons, viz. Preached at Truro, before a provincial! grand lo^Igc of free accepted masons, on the festival of ^t.jjqhn the, Baptist; b£bivo, 1779.. . . Presclij-d at the chapel in Penzance^ at the ordinary^ visitation, of John, Lord f^ishop of Ex- fter, July J9„i7S^ ; quarto. : Preached ENGLISH AUTHORS. 417 Preached at the assizes holden for the county of Cornwall at Bodmin, before the Honourable Mr. Justice Grose and Mr. Baron Thompson, on July 26, 1796 ; quarto. The second of these discourses has peculiar merit. CARDONNEL.— See De Cardonnel. CAREY, GEORGE, SAVILE. A son of the late Harry Carey of facetious memory, poet, and musician. The subjeft ^of this article was bred to the profession of a print- er. He trod the boards of Covent-gardcn-thea- tre for one season at least; biit never distin- guished himself as an a£tor. His powers of mi- micry are however considerable j and he some years ago- delivered a le£i:ure oh that art, with success. Mr. Carey is .the author of. The inoculator, a comedy; o£tavo, 1766. The cottagers^ an opera; oftavo, 1766. Liberty chastised, a farce; o£tavo, 1768. Shakspeare's jubilee, a masque; oftavo, 1769. The three did womfcn weatherwise, an inter- lude, (Haymarket); oftavo, 1770. ' The hiagic-girdle, a burletta; qUarto, 1770. Vot. 1. D d Th» 4i8 LIVING The nut-brown maid, a comic opera, duode^ cimo, 1770. . AnS'lcfls, in verse and prose, chiefly drama- tical, satirical, and pastoral ; two vol^mes, duo- decimo, 1770. A lefture on mimicry, as it was delivered with great applause, at the theatres in Covent- garden and. the Haymarket j a pamphlet, duo- decimo, 1776. A rural ramble ; to which is annexed a po- etical tagg, or Bighthelmstone guide ; one vo- lume, small o£lavo, 1777. Poetical efforts ; one volume, duodecimo,. 1787- Balnea ( a description of the principal water- ing-places in England); one vol. duodecimo 1799. The dramatic pieces are light, and expe- rienced, for the greater part, an indifferent re- ception. Neither will his more recent produc- tions lead Mr. Carey's readers to form a very ex- alted opinion of his poetical talents. His senti- ments, however, do honour to his. heart, andi carry the marks of a candid and liberal dispo- sition, lu' his POETICAL EFFOR-Ts he com- plained of being, " Reduc'd by foitune to an humble state.?' CARLISLE, , EARL OE— See. Howard,. CAR- ENGLISH AUtHORS. ^i^ CARLISLE, BISHOP Of .— See Verlioh. CARLtLE, JOSEi^H, dAtRE B.D. F.R.S.E. f Chancellot' of Carlisle, and prpfessor of Ara- bic in the University of Cambridge. . A gentle- man of distinguished learning and taste. He was ieducated at Qufeen's-college, Cambridge, . was for some time a fellow of that society, and was clioieri Arabic-professor in the university on thfe resigtiation of Dr. Craven, in the year 1705. In the same year he also succeeded Dr. Paley as chancellor of the diocese of Carlisle. His publi- cations have been, Maured Allatafet Jemaleddini filii Togri- Bardii, seu rerum ^gypticarum annales, ab anno Christi, 971, usqiie ad annuni, 1453. E codice M. S. bibliothecae academia; Cantabrigiensis tex ium Afabicum primus edidit, Latin^ vertit, no- tisque illustiravit J. D. C. one volume; quatt6i Spefcim^nii of Afabiaii poetiy, frorn' the ear- liest tiffi6 to th'6 ditiri'aibh pF the Khalifat : With some attbvitit of the authors j One VoJiiriie, quar- to, 1796. P d z A history 42# LIVING A history of Egypt, printed from an ineditedl Arabic manuscript, and accompanied by a cri- tical and elegant commentary, promised a trea- sure of appropriate worth. But, although the produ£tion of the work of Jemaleddin, in the negleft of Arabic literature, was highly merito- rious, it is far from being fraught with the most useful matter. Grateful too as the lover of that li- terature must be, for what Mr. Carlyle has a£tu- ally done, he will probably be inclined to lament the entire omission of that part of the work which relates to the khalifs of Bagdad. To the speci- mens of Arabian poetry, the Briginals are pre- fixed in a beautiful Arabic charafter ; but we are of opinion that Mr. Carlyle's success in trans- fusing the spirit of these originals into English verse, has not been such as to increase the repu- tation of his taste or ingenuity. CARPENTER, REV. BENJAMIN. A protestant dissenting minister, who has published. Difference of sentiment no objedlion to the exercise of mutual love ; a sermon, preached at the annual meeting of ministers in Dudley, May 1 6, 1780, (with additional notes); oftavo. Four sermons on conformity to the world ; ■ . ' , addressed ENGLISH AUTHORS. 421 addressed principally to protestant dissenters ; a pamphlet, o£lavo, 1789. A letter to the Reverend R. Foley, M. A. re£tor of Old Swinford : in answer to the charges brought against the dissenters in Stourbridge, (with a concise view of the principles of dissenters by B. C. and an account of the proceedings at the Lye- Waste, by J.Scott); a pamphlet, oflavo, 1792. A liturgy, containing forms of devotion for eacTi simday in the month, with an office for baptism, &c. ; one volume, duodecimo, 1794. . The publication of the first of these pieces was owing to the mesrepresentations of certain bigots, who heard it, when preached. It shews, as well as his other publications, that the author is a man of judgement and candour. CARR, JOHN; D.D. " . . A gentleman who has acquired great reputa- tion as master of the school at Hertford, and, as the translator of Lucian. He has published, Extraft of a private letter to a critic j folio, 1 764. , Ephonijia, a dramatic essay; oflavo, 1765. Dialogues of Lucian from the Greek j five volumes, o£l^vo, 1773 — 1798. The first of these pieces is an agreeable poem j D d 3 but 4a2 LIVING but its purport too private and particular to ren- der it entertaining to the generality of readers. Ihe dramatic essay is addressed to the ladies, and the story of it is taken from Dion Cassius and Tacitus. It has sufficient business and in- terest for the drama, but it is workcdrup inarti- ficially and with too much insipidity. As a translator of Lucian's dialogues. Dr. Caifx has been eminently successful: — he is animate(^, faith- ful and every where ingenioiis ; and his wprk ranks with the best specinieiis of prose-transla- tion in our language. We believe some other sniall, anonymous piece^, of distant date, plight be added to our list of Dr. Carr's publications ; but we (fannpt speak with certainty respedtiing theni. CARR, REV. WILLIAM, WINDLE, The author of an elegant volume of, Poen^s on various subje£ls; oftavo, 1791. These pieces display art rather tl^ari genius, and ifancy rather than vigour; but the aythor's attachment to morality, virtue and piety, wiU ensure him many admjrer?. CAR- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 42^ CARTER, ELIZABETH. A lady who has for a long time enjoyed a very distinguished pre-eminence in the literary world. She is the daughter, we are told, of a •clergyman ,\yho liyed- at Deal ; and very early in life discovered the superior cultivation which her mind had received, from the superintendence of thjs;vyorthy; parent., , iShe has publishec^, , All the works of Epiftetus, which are now lextapt ;; consisting: of his discourses, preserved by Arrian, in four books, the Enchiridioji, and fragments : translated from the original Greek j with an introdufiljon and notes by the translator 4 one .volume, quarto, 1758, (reprintedsubsequent- ]y, in two volumesj duodecimo).' Poems on sevexal. occasions;, onevvolurae, o£lavo,. 17.62, (reprinted, in. duodecimo)- The translation, of Epiftetus was. published by . subscription, , and was-, honoured with a- long list of very distinguished names. The learning and ability which the authress displayed in the execution of her task are well known, and have received that high applause which is so justly their due — the work may with safety be pro- nounced to, da honour to her sex and to her caqutry. D d 4 The 424 LIVING The POEMS were published at the desire of the late Earl of Bath, and are celebrated among the verses of Lord Lyttleton, who had read them in manuscript. The first of them was written before the authress had completed her eighteenth year. As compositions, their^ merit and beauty cannot be too highly applauded. Sublime sim- plicity of sentiment, melodious sweetness of ex- pression, and morality the most amiable, grace them in every page ; while, notwithstanding her previous appearance as the translator of Epi£le- tus, the fine sensibility, the serene dignity and the lofty imagination which she displayed on this occasion, proved her the genuine disciple of Plato. Mrs. Carter was also the contributor of two papers to the rambler, which, we are are told by Mrs. Piozzi, had much of Dr. Johnson's es- teem. They are, No. 44, which consists of an allegory where religion and superstition are deli- neated in a very masterly manner ; and No. 100, which is an excellent letter on modish pleasures, bearing the signature Chariessa. CARTER, FRANCIS, M. D. A friend of the late Dr. Brown, and a stren- uous advocate for the Brunonian doftrine. He has published. An ENGLISH AUTHORS. 42J An account of the various systems of medi- cine, from the days of Hippocrates to the pre- sent time ; colleSed from the best Latin, French, and English authors, particularly from the works of John Brown, M. D. two volumes, oftavo, 1788. Regarding Dr. Brown as the Delphic oracle in medicine. Dr. Carter, far from giving us an account of the various systems of medicine, wholly omits several, touches slightly on a few, , and fully explains his favourite's theory only. His moderatibli, candour, and liberality, appear, like- wise, to resemble thos^" of his friend; though the latter had perhaps the advantage in keen- ftess and art. , . " CARTER. JOHN, FA. S. An ingenious draughtsman, engraver and an- tiquary. He is at present publishing, in num- bers, a history of architecture in England; and is the author of, Specimeiis of ancient sculpture and painting in England j two volurnfes, folio. CART- 426 LIVING CARTWRIGHT,' JOHI^; ESQ. ^ , ,_; ■■.,.; '■ . ' t' ' ■' ■ ■' A well-known advocp-te for parliamentary reform on consntutional principles. Mr. Cart- wright is, of ?in ancient and respeftable family, and the. son of a gentleman pf sit^qll fortui,ie with ten children. He was bred to the sea-peryicej ^nd rose to the rank of lie'utpnant ; , but he after- ward quitted the n^vy, in ^isgv^st at its sy^tptW of promotion; He th^rj entered the milijiia, ,an(^ attained the rank of maior in, the Nottingh^m- . ,i ■ .;; 1'.- '.>^.r.(\i ■,)!'■;■:,.:. "■;.' 7 "," ' sliire corps, which he, .he)4 for soma time; > but was at last dismissed, on account; we un^erst^n.d, of his political principles. His right of suc- cession to the vacant lieutenant-colonelcy was set aside pn, fiye supAesfivQ-, QC,c^ppn^ by his Grace the Dulce of Newcastle, Lord-lieutenant of the county, on accjaunt of his noisy, re§,tless utterance of his polii:icar bpiijipns : upon, whjch he pripted an expostul^tpry letter tq his.Gr^fQ and complained of his treatment, ^^ illiber^li oppressive, dishonpur^t^le an,dj tin,^om{ilutisnaL Mr, Cartwright's public at i.pins consist cbi acquired a well-merited reputation as a di.- gestet ENGLISH AUTHORS. 437 gester and elucidatof of philosophical discoveries. In the year tjyp, he was admitted a member of the Neapolitan academy of sciences, as well as of the royal society of London. The publications of Mr. Cavallo have been, A complete treatise of eleftricity in theory and prafilice : with original experiments ; one volume, o61avo, 1777, (enlarged, to three volumes, in 1795J. An essay on the theory and pradlice of me- dical elefitricityj one volume, bftavo, 1780. A treatise on the nature and properties of air, and other permanently elastic fluids, (with an introduftion to chemistry) ; one volume, quarto, 1781- The history and praQice of aerostation j ©lie volume, oftavo, 1785. Mineralogical tables ; folio, (accompanied with an o£iavo explanatory pamphlet), 1785. A treatise on magnetism, in theory and pracv tice: with original experiments; one volume, oftavo, 1787. Description and use of the telescopical mo- ther-of-pearl micrometer, invented by T. C. j a pamphlet, oftavo, 1793. An essay on the medicinal properties of fac- titious airs J with an appendix on the nature of blood; one volume, oftavo, I798. For the progress and difFufion of science, we E e 3 are 438 LIVING are indebted not more to the happy efforts of ori- ginal genius, than to the judicious industry of those authors, who from time tp time, employ their talents in digesting and elucidating succes- sive discoveries. The distinguished rank which Mr. Cavallo holds in this useful class of philoso- phic labourers, is sufficiently known. His treatises on popular and interesting branches of physics, may be justly esteemed the best elementary works which are extant in our language. They 'possess every requisite of such performances — perspicuity of style, proper sele6tion of mati^rials, and clear ar- "raugement. The merit of Mr, Cavallo is not, however, the merit of a merely judicious compi- ler. He never aspires indeed to form new and comprehensive, views ; yet he generally improves, in some degree, the stock of valuable fa£ls, by his own occasional experiments., More than twenty years have elapsed since the TREATISE OF ELECTRICITY was first pre- sented to the public. During the interval it has passed through repeated impressions, and, the re- cent discoveries in eleftricity affording large ad- ditions, of curious and useful matter, the work was successively augmented from one volume to three. It is unquestionably the neatest, the clearest, and the most sensible elementary treatise to be found on this popular science ; and. it is excellently adap- ted to furnislLthe mind with those brilliant imtiges and ENGLISH AUTHORS. 439 and fafils, which provoke inquisitive genius to closer and more profound resear-ches. The principal intention of the essay on the Theory and practi<:£ of medical elec- tricity, was, to announce the improvements, then lately made, in the administration of this new and singutar medkhu. The TREATISE on air is a very useful perfor- mance, especially when considered in reference to the State of this interesting branch of philoso- phy at the time of its publication. The great number and variety, as well as the importance of the discoveries then lately made by Dr. Priestley, and other philosophers hfere and on the continent, upon this subjeS, and in various other branches of experimental philosophy Coiinefted with it, rendered a colleflion of the most important fa£ls and observations, methodically arranged undef distinft heads, peculiarly useful to those wishing to cultivate this extensive and interesting part of experimental knowledge. A somewhat simi- lar, but smaller, compilatibn had been before exe- cuted by the ingenious author of the 7'natise en Gaset ; as likewise by M. Macquer, in the last edi- tion of his diftionary of chemistry ; but Mr. Ca- vallo performed the task in amiich more compre- hensive and particular tnanner, his obje£t having been to instruft those possessed of little or no previous knowledge^ of the subjeft. E e 4 The 440 LIVING The judicious and entertaining volume on AEROSTATION is divided into two part's; one containing the history and the other the praftice of the art. The first experiments on this subjeft appear to have been made by Mr. Cavallo him- self, early in the year 1782 ; arid an account of them was read to the Royal Society oh the 20th of Jurie in that year. They were not indeed suc- cessful, because they were made on too small a scale ; and it is well known that the Montgolfiers succeeded in France, by happily making the trial in large, on a principle by them misunderstood. His publication, however, laid the public under considerable obligations to Mr. Cavallo, as no one in this country had yet written scientifically upon this new and philosophic art. In the MiNERAiOGicAL TABLES the excel- lent system, sketched by Cronstedt, corrected and improved by Bergman, and farther enlarged by Kirwan, is disposed in two very useful tables, each filling one side of a large sheet. One of them contains the four classes of minerals, divided into orders and genera, with, the principal properties of each : the other, all the particular species and va-- rieties, ranged under the respe£live divifions ; those which arc compounded of two or more ingredients, being placed in that class or order to which their principal ingredient belongs. The TREATISE Q« MAGNETISM exhibits a compre- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 441 comprehenfive view of our knowledge on that subjeft. The ingenious author has collefted from former writers whatever was useful or curious, and added many new observations. He has dis- posed the various particulars in that order, whicli naturally leads the reader from the simplest to the most intricate part of the subjcft, by the paths which are plainest and shortest. It is not quite forty years since the artificial aerial fluids began to be administered as remedies to the human body. The uncertainty, and the errors of the early applications, rendered the pro- gress of the pradVtce slow and doubtful j nor has the experience, or the success of recent and more numerous practitioners, been sufficient to deter- mine the precise power of the aerial fluids, or to dissipate the doubts which arc still entertained concerning their use. A desire of extricating the subjeft from the conflux of contrary opinions, established prejudices, and opposite interests, induced Mr. Cavallo to his last publication j and his principal aiin in its compilation has been, to exhibit a concise view of ascertained fa£ls, to se- parate them from suppositions and hypotheses, and to point out the ways of investigating the farther uses of factitious airs. Mr, Cavallo is also the authdr of several pa- pers, published at different times in the philoso- phical transaSlions of tlje royal society of London. CA- 441 LIVING CAVENDISH, SIR HENRY, BART. Of Doveridge, in Derbyshire. This gentle- man's family is a collateral branch of the noble family of Cavendish, dukes of Devonshire. It was honoured with the dignity of a baronet in the year 1755, and frequently occurs in the list of Irish commons of preceding parliamenfs, as well as among the occupants of civil offices in that kingdorh. The present baronet has pub- lished, A statement of the public accounts of Ire- land j one volume, o£lavo, 1791. CAVENDISH, HENRY, ESQ, F.R.A.S. Trustee of the British museum, and a member of the council of the reyal society. This gentle- man has contributed many papers to the philoso- fhical transa^lons of tlie royal society ; the first of which, consisting of experiments on fa£titious airs, was printed in the \folumc for the year 1 766. CE- ENGLISH AUTHORS. 445 CECIL, REV. RICHARD, M.A. The editor of a volume of discourses and let- ters, by the late Honourable and Reverend Wil- liaih Bromley Gadogan, with memoirs of his life and charafter, (odavb, 1798). Mr. Cecil has also published, A sermon, preached at St. John's-chapcl, Bedford-rov^, July i^, 1798, before the members of the military association of the united parishes of St. Andrew, Holborn, and St. George the Martyr, Middlesex. CHALMERS, GEORGE, ESQ. F.R.A.S, Chief clerk of the committee of council for trade and fdreign plantations. This well-known, laborious and accurate inveftigator of historical, political, and commercial subjcfts, has resided marly years in America, and is a refugee from that fcountry. He is the author ofj . Political aniialis of the present united coloniesi froni their settlement, to the peace of 1^63: compiled chiefly from records, and authorised often bj^ the insertion, of state papers; one vp* lume, quarto, 1779. An 444 LIVING An estimate of the comparative strength of Britain, during the present and four preceding reigns j and of the losses of, her trade from e very- war since the revolution, (with an essay on popula- tion, by the Lord Chief Justice Hale); a pamphlet, quarto, 1782,, '(reprinted in oftavo, in 1786). Opinions on interesting subjects of public law and commercial policy, arising from American hidependence ; a pamphlet, oftavo, 1784. Historical trafts, by Sir John Davies, attor- ney-general, and speaker of the house of com-- mons' in Ireland, (with a new life of the author from authentic documents) ; one volume, o£lavo, 1786. The life of Daniel de Foe ; a pamphlet, oc- tavo, 1790, (also prefixed to Mr. C's quarto edi- tion of De Foe's histary of the union and to Stock- dale's edition of his Robinson Crusoe). A colle£tion of treaties, between Great Bri- tain and other powers : two volumes, oftavo, 1790. The life of Thomas Ruddiman M. A. the keeper, for almost fifty years, of the library be- longing to the faculty of advocates at Edin- burgh (with new anecdotes of Buchanan) j bne volume o£tavo, 1 796. An apology for the believers in the Shakspeare papers, which were exhibited in Norfolk-street j one volume, oftavo. 1797. Mr. ENGLISH AUTHORS. 44$ Mr. Chalmers is a gentleman of great learn- ing and a well-informed, useful and well-meaning writer ; but his publications are, in general, cha- ra£lerised by a quaint, patch-work, pedantic style, whose 'Want of spirit and animation > displeases almost every reader; '1 The POLiTicAii ANNALS' Were valued as a collejElion' of" authentic materials^ many of which had not; before been brought to light. Beside the information vvhich the author obtained from afts of affemblies and state papers previously pub- lishedi he coUeSed many valuable paper* from the records preserved in the plantation-office- His volume brings down the history of the United Colonies to the time of the revolution : and it wai the intention bf Mr. Chalmers,- in a subsequent volume, to continue it to the peace in 1763. It was remarked by many; with concern, that, in a publication so valuable on account of th^ distinct- ness of its detail and the authenticity of its- docu- ments, every faftj which will admit of it, fhould have bieen so s.tudiously applied to the vindication of a principle, as warmly contradicted by one party as it was strenuously asserted by another, ' — the right of the Britigh parliament to tax Ame- rica. . Taking for granted that a series of prece- dents is of- itself a sufficient foundation of lega- lity, and .that it was conclusive to argue from the manner in which the colonies were treated in their infancy 446 LIVING ixifancy to that in which they ought to be treated in their maturity, Mr. ChaUners took every, occa- sion which thq history aflforded him of maintain- ing this, right : and, in indulging the warmth of political disputation, he made perhaps too great a sacrifice of the dignity of history. .. , . , „. . ■ The ESTIMATE OH THE COMPARATIVE STRENGTH OF BiHTAiH was a .wcllrtimed pub- lication of very uncommon .merit. Patient and acute in his! investigations,; and in his reasonings judigious, solid and candid, ! Mr. Chalmers: com- bated the gl9omy and desponding notions of Dr,. Price and' .his /.followers; and, seconding the ef- forts of Messrs. Wales and Howlet, by success- fully opposing; calculation to calculation, on the subjefts. of trftdc, internal strength and popula- tion, he brought conviftion: and comfort to. those minds whose perceptions were not obstru£ted by party-?eal ; , and discovered a degree of intelli- gence, the authenticity of which time has sufli- ciwtly evinced. The fafts, indeed, stated in this publication are so numerous and important, that it affords a rich fund of valuable materials to every political speculator. : : , In his OPINIONS on subje£ts of public law and commercial policy, even the friends of Ame- rica acknowledged, that, Mr. Chalmers, with considerable force and equal candour, threw out many important, observations arid maintained . . some ENGLISH AUTHORS. ^4y some striking positions, which it was difficult for, them to refiUCj however disagreeable they might find it to admit them. He is, indeed,,, a most able, judicious and convincing writer on these subjects : and he afforded ample satisfeq.* lion to those who were desirous of obtaiqing splid iiiformatibn upon them. ' . : : - The HISTORICAL TBACTS by Sir. Jqhri Da- vies ar« four in nuhiber, viz. « discpvery of th& true €ause why Ireland was never brought under phe-- dience to the crolan nf England ; a Utter to the Earl of Salisbury on the stfiti of Ireland in 1.607 J W*'/^ io the Earl of Salisbury in 1610; giving an aupmt of the plantation of Ulster.;- ^nA a speech to the Lord Deputy t« 1 6 1 3, tracing the, ancient {constitution of Ireland, The first had been , several times pre-^ viously printed, but the other three were col* lefted from the literary treasures in the J3ritisi; Museum. ' ■■ ', .':i ^ , .,,;' ; f It is the- fate ;of many eminent personagfis; that the knowledge of their origin has become obr scure, cither from the general inattention of the times in which they lived, or from the,defe£lsof, traditional information : but a more than common obscurity seems, from the beginning, to have veiled the extraftion of the celebrated De Foe. Living in troublesome times, with great abilities, extensive knowledge, and a ready pen, he be- came a busy controversial writer. He.«teadi]y fiup- 443 LIVING «upported the whig interest, but could not, as an honest considerate man, go every length with his party : thus, while he provoked the hatred of the toTies, he wds not able to gain the entire love of the whigs, and between both his charafter has been transmitted to us under various misrepre- sentations. Three-score years after the death of this ingenious and well-informed writer, Mr, ChalmferS amused himself in writing his life ; and, with industrious and commendable zeal, he traced every' circumstance, as well as the distance of. time would permit, to set his charafter and con- du£l: in a true light. • Of the COLLECTION OK TREATIES we need only observe, that the corps diplomatique and all the cadets cf that corps, are under obligations to Mr. Chalmers for thus filling up so considera- ble a class In a statesman's library. - The life of Ruddiman includes an important period of Scottish history ; and Mr, Chalmers has been indefatigable in his endeavours to illus- trate it, to trace the progress of literature, which is interwoven with his hero's life and labours, , and to throw as much light as possible on the controversy respedting Buchanan and his history, which Ruddiman for many years sustained. But, although this work abundantly evinces the au- thor's abilities, learning and loyalty, there was no English authors. 445 hd necessity for its being so much protrafted j nor was it requisite that the narrative of Ruddi- man the grammarian, printer and librarian, who occupied no very brilliant situatioii, should be ■yv'ritten with s6 much Johnsonian pomposity. The APOLOGY for the believers in the Shak* speare-papers has been properly called a waste of erudition; It may, ihdeed, fairly be ques- tionedj whether any persoii beside Mr. Chalmers, could or would have written on the subjeft, a closely printed oftavo volume of more than 600 pages. Mr. Chalmers has been at some pains to de- te£l thfe author of thfe pussuirs of litera- ture j and, we understand, a publication oa that subjeft is to be expefted from his pen. Being known to be in the habit of writing fof administration, many of the anonymous pamphlets on that side of the question have been attributed to him.* CHAMBERLAINEi JOHN, ESQ. F.A.S. Keeper of his Majesty's drawings and medals^ and the very ingenious author of, ' ' Imitations of original drawings by Hans Hoi* '* Among these, we have understood, is a life ofThon^iit t'aine. . Vol. I. , F f bcin 450 LIVING bein, in the colleftioa of his Majesty, for the por- traits of illustrious persons of the court of Henry VIII. : with biographical tra£ls (published in large folio numbers). Imitations of original designs, by Leonardo da Vinci, (large folio numbers). Engravings from the original designs of An- nibale, Agostino, and Ludovico Caracci, in his Majesty's colledlion, (folio numbers). Each of these elegant publications is accom^ panied by pleasing biographical sketches. CHAMPION, JOSEPH, ESQ. A citizen of peculiar desert in the republic of letters, for his assiduity in obtaining a compe- tent knowledge of the Persian language, and for employing his acquisition in opening to his coun- trymen some of the treasures which that language conceals. The publieations of Mr. Champion have been. The progress of freedom, a poem ; a pam- phlet, quarto, 1776. Poems, imitated from the Persian ; a pam- phlet, quarto, 1787. The poems of Ferdosi : translated from the Persian ; volume I, quarto, 1788. As a poet, Mr. Champion is by no means distinguished; ENGLISH AUTHORS. 451. distinguished ; and his first attempt was particu- larly unfortunate. His second publication con- sists of the tears of Samarcand, the power of wine, and seven odes in imitation of Hafez. This Per- sian poet is known to us by the elegant imitatiotis of 6ir William Jones, and Mr. Richardson. He seems to have composed from the Inspiration of the grape j but of his present translator, it has been said, that he appears to have written after a debauch. Ferdosi is the Homer,* and his Sh^h Nameh is the Iliad, of Persia. In their strong admira- tion of his poems, the Persians attribute to them seven qualities — the basis of knowledge, the' spring of excellence, a model of history, the true portrait of religion, the exciting of joy, the ex- citing of sorrovv, and the real discrimination of every species of intelligence. The infelicity of his subjeft and design are^ however, to be la- mented ! for though the events he records are eminently calculated for the purposes of poetry, yet the constant and unavoidable recurrence of • Not that Ferdosi'* poem Is striftly epic — The Shih Nameh must hot be tried by the rules of Aristotle. Pt does not relate a complete aflion, Which has a beginning, a middle and an end, and which is enlivened by amusing episodes s but it Is a series of histo- rical poems, in which the author has taken the same liberty with the Persian history, /that Homer took with the account of the siege of Troy. F f 2 the 451 Livmo the same incidents, the crowded exhibition of famous chara£teis, the niultipiicity of agents without much diversity of plans, and the accu- mulation of fa£ls without much distinftion of co- lour, so divide, subdivide, and weaken our atten-" tion and interest in perusing historical represen- tations, that when the constant tenor of history is usurped by the poet, he necessarily fails of ar^ resting that fixed and solemn attention, and of kindling those high enthusiastic feelings which obey the more potent attraftions of the epic mo- del. If, however, this poem so marvcllbusly af- fe£tcd the feelings of his countrymen, and ra- vished the fine taste of Mahmoud, the accom- plished sultan of Ghezny, he labours undci- a still greater disadvahtage than that which na- turally adhered to his plan, by a appearing to us through the gross and discoloured medium of a very indifferent translation. Whether Mr. Cham- pion has laid aside his original design of tran- alating the whole of these poems, we are uncer- tain. Had he contented himself with a lite- ral prose translation, and left the more fanciful parts of the execution to some person of more poetical talents and richer qualifications, he would in our opinion have a£ted a wiser part. What we have allcdged, robs him, indeed, of the bays as a poet, but leaves unimpeached, his general understanding and abilities ; and it is to be wish- ed ENGLISH AUTHORS. 453 cd that the perversion of talents, which, when ex- erted in their proper course, might be of benefit to mankind} but which, if unreasonably tortured from their natural propensity, reward our pains only with abortive struggles, or deformed prp- duftioriS; should be prevejited. CHAMPNEY, T. ESQ •' ' ' Member of the corporation of surgeons, and • «f the materia medica and pharmacy cbmmittde of the London medical society. This gentleman has published, i '• • ' Medical and chirurgical reform proposed, from a review of the healing art throughout Eu- rope, particularly Great Britain : with donsider- ntions on hospitals, dispensaries, poor-hbiises, Sec; one volume, o£lavd, 1797.' ' ' In this publication, Mr. Champney has brought together a mass of information relative to tnes present state of medical praftice. It is not wel^ digested, nor is it accompanied with milch depth and clearness of remark ; it may, nevertheless,' merit attention from persons who are iriterestea in prortjbtine this branch of reform. F f 3 CHANP. 4S4 LIVING CHANDLER, RICHARD, D.D. This celebrated antiquary was educated at Magdalen-college, Oxford, and was for some time a fellow of that society. After being em- ployed by the university to edite a magnificent copy of their celebrated marbles, he travelled at the expence of the Dilletanti society, which de- frayed the publication of his Ionian antiquities, ?ind his travels in Asia, Minor ^nd Greece. Dr. Chandler afterward obtained a living in Hamp- shire. His publications have been, Marmora Oxoniensia j imperial folio, (Cla- rendon-press), 1763. Ionian antiquities i imperial folio, 1769. Inscriptiones antiquae, pleraeque nondum edi- ts:, in Asia Minori et Graecia, prassertim Atheuis colle£tae : cum appendice. Exscripsit ediditquc R. C. folio, (Clarendon-press), 1774. , , , Travels in Asia Minor ; or, an account of a tour made at the expence of the society of Dille- tanti; one volume, quarto, 1775. Travels in Greece j or, an account of a tour made at the expence of the society of Dilletanti ; one volume, quarto, 1776. lu his improved copy of the Arundclian mar- bles, Di. Chandler corretled the mistakes of the former ENGLISH AUTHORS. 455 former editors ; and in some of the inscriptions, particularly that of the parian chronicle, he sup- plied the lacuna by many ingenious conjefture.s. He merits, indeed, for this work, all the praise that is due to industry and erudition. Upon a report of the state of the Dilletanti society's finances, in the year 1764, it appeared that they were in possession of a considerable sum above what their current services required. It was resolved to apply part of this money to some purpose which might promote taste and do honour to the society ; and it was determined that persons properly qualified should be sent, with sufficient appointments, to certain parts of the East, to coUeft information relative to the former state of those countries, and, particularly, to procure exa£l descriptions of the ruins of such monuments of antiquity as were yet to be seen in those parts. Three persons were chosen for this undertaking : Dr. Chandler was appointed to execute the classical part of the plan ; the province of arehitcfture was assigned to Mr. Re- vett', the associate of Mr. Stuart in the antiquities of Athens ; and the choice of a proper person for , taking views, and copying bass reliefs, fell upon Mr. Pars, a young painter of proinising talents. The materials which these gentlemen brought home were thought to be worthy of the public, and thus we obtained the curious and valuable F f 4 Ionian 456 LIVINCJ Ionian antiquities, published by them in association ; and also the subsequent produ^Uon^ of Dr. Chandler. . . : , ; . . The iNscRiPTioNEs ANTiQUiE, rmay be considered as a valuable supplement to i the coir leftions of ancient inscriptions, with which the public had been favoured by Qruter, Muratori, Spon, Hesselius, Pocock and, others ; while the TRAVELS are not less entertaining by their aur thpr's display of hi^ knowledge and skill as an antiquary, than by his account of his classical rambles and adventures. . . ' ■.'-.■■ Dr. Chandler lias, we . understand, been for some time engaged in preparing for the press iii life of William Wainflete,-,founder of Magdalen? college, Oxford. ' CHAPMAN, GEORGE, L. L. D. Formerly master of the grammar-school at Dumfries, and author of, A treatise on education: with a sketch of the author's method ; one volume, duodecimo, 1773, (reprinted with improvements in oftavo). Rudiments of the Latin tongue; or an easy introduftion to Latin grammar, (with a short vo- cabulary, English and Latin); duodecimo, 1792. , Th? TREATis|i on education has passed through ENGLISH AUTHORS. 45;, through five editions, and has of consequence met with very general acceptance. The author having been engaged for many years, with ho- nour to himself, and advantage to the public, in the importarit task of educating youth, may cer- tainly be said to have written from experience. The desire of rendering service to the world at large, appears throughout the volume ; and the great stress which is laid upon inspiring youth with the love of virtue and religion, cannot fail to give every well-disposed reader a favourable opinion of the author. The latter publication bears also evident marks of investigation and judgement; and, if carefully used and regarded[, it will no doubt prove very bencRcial. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM. The ingenious author of. Observations on the various systems of canal* navigation, with inferences pra£lical and mathe- matical, in which Fulton's plan of wheel-boats, and the utility of subterraneous and of small ca- nals are particularly investigated ; including an account of the canals apd inclined planes of China ; c[uarto, 1 798. CHA- 45* LIVING CHAPONE, MRS'. •This ingenious lady's maiden name was Mul- Ifoj and she is a sister of the late Thomas Mulso, lisq. author of Callistus and Sophronius. Her publications, which arc admirably calculated to form the infant mind to virtue and piety, have been, Letters on the improvement of the mind, ad- dressed to a young lady ; two volumes, duode- cimo, 1773. Miscellanies, in prose and verse ; one vo- lume, duodecimo, 1775. A letter to a new-married lady ; duodecimo, 1777. Mrs. Chapone's very sensible LEXTEtts on the improvement of the mind, were, soon after their publication, honoured with a very distin- guishing popularity. The subjects of ihem arc, religion, the study of the scriptures, the regula- tion of the heart, temper, oeconomy, accom- pii:.luiients, geography, chronology and historical reading. They are eminently worthy the atten- tion of the younger part of the fair sex ; as the I instru£tions which they offer tend to render them equally amiable and useful in every station and circun:islancc of life. The ENGLISH AUTHORS. 459 The MISCELLANIES contaiti observations OH ftffeftation and simplicity, on conversation, and •n enthusiasm and indifference in religion — the prose part concluding with the instrudbive story of Fidelia, which first appeared in Dr, HawkeS- worth's ADVENTURER. The poems, (excepting the translations, from Metastasio's celebrated ode - on summer, and an Italian sonnet), were the •produQions of early youth, and afford a very ho- nourable testimony to that youth's cultivation. Among them, the verse? to Stella have peculiar Jnerit. The last publication gives plain and serious advice to newly-rfiarried ladies i and was thought^ even at the time of its publication, by no means superfluous, inasmuch as it taught them to obey their husbands. Mrs. Chapone Is also supposed to have beeri a contributor to the rampler; and, particularly; to have written the billets in the tenth number. CHARDON, M. Teacher of the French language, and ci-de- vant avocat au parlement de Dijon; He is the author of two very useful publications, entitled, The French verbs, regular and irregular, con- jugated in a short and easy method ; with rules for 46« LIVING for the use of the tenses, and some exercises an- nexed to them J o£lavo, 1796. > Exercises upon the French grammar, with the rules prefijfed to them ; duodecimo, 1797. f CHARLESWORTH, REV. JOHN, M. A. Of Ossington, in Nottinghamshire. Thi? gentleman was educated at Trinity-college, Cam- bridge, , and was for some time a fellow of that society. He is one of the few but important la» bourers, who prepare practical lessons of moral and religious instruction, suited to the apprehen* sion of the common people: and judiciously adapts them to improve their disposition and to influence their condufl:, without leading them into the perplexities of controversy, or inflaming them with the phrenzy of enthusiasm. Mr, Charlesworth has published, Praftical sermons: selcfted and abridgecj from various authors ; three volumes, small oc^ tavo, 1788 — 1793. . A sermon against ying ; duodecimo, 178S. On doing to all men as we would they should do to US; a sermon, octavo, 1791. Two short discourses on the Lord's supper, and the example of Christ, (with an exhortation on the proper usg of the Lord's day), oftavo, 1792. A ser- ENQLISH AUTHOR^. 461 A sermon on the duty, and pleasure of doing good to our fellow-creatures : oftavo 1792, Two praftical sermons on private prayer and public worship, (with a short * address on the proper method of employing the Lord's day), o£lavo, 1792. Something of the same kind as the publica- tion entitled practical sermons, was exe- cuted by the late Dr. Enfield in his English prea- cher. Nothing farther, however,' was attempted in that publication, than to abridge some of the best practical discourses, and to divest them of the formality of divisions and subdivisions : the style of each author being preserved with very few variations, Mr. Charlesworth took up the design, and has proceeded . much farther in it. He has, without scruple, made such alterations as he' has judged to be improvements ; contrac- ting the diflFuse, simplifiying the figurative, and reducing the whole to one uniform charafVer. The consequence is, that the reader no longer recognises the distinguishing features of Hoadley,. Balguy, Orr, Carr, Duchal, Lpechman, Bourn, Leland, Gerard, Jorlin, Blair, &c.. but every where discovers the aspeft and manner of the editor. These liberties, taken with author's li- ving as well as d^ad, may be thought too bold : * Tilts ADDRK5S is also published sepsratcly. but 46i LIVING, i^c. but the editor's good Intention ouglit, perhaps, to be admitted as a satisfaftory apology. His com- pilation, or composition, consists of a series of pra£lical discourses, happily adapted to the com- prehension of the multitude. This work will be completed, we understand, by a fourth volume. All the publications of Mr. Charlesworth boast the benevolent design of benefiting the poor ; and he has, in his useful discourses, paid unremitting attention to propriety of sentiment; and neatness of language. CHARLTON, MARY. The authrcss of three novels, published at the patriotic press, under the auspices of Miner- va, in Leadenhall-street, and not belying this their parentage. They are entitled, Andronica, or the fugitive bride ; two vo- lumes, duodecimo, 1 797, Parisian, ot anecdotes of distinguished cha- rafters i two volumes, duodecimo, 1797. Phedora, or the forest of Minski; four vo* lumes, duodecimo, 1798. IND OF THE FIRST VOLUME- ^:^ The remainder of the names under letter C will be given in the; next volume. ,JV. B. An error occurs at page 414, in makinj Mr. Canninc a native of Ireland, This preservation piiotocopy was made and hand bound at BookLab, Inc. in compliance with copyright law. The paper, Weyerhaeuser Cougar Opaque Natural, meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). (OO) Austin 1994