INSTITTJTErOF JUSTINIAN ILLUSTRATED BY ENGLISH LAW JAMES WILLIAMS, B.C.L, M.A. Digitized by Microsoft^' Cornell University Library KD 540.W72 1883 The Institutes of Justinian illustrated 3 1924 021 166 743 ajnrnpU ICam Btb^aal Slibratg Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Corneii University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in iimited quantity for your personai purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partiai versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commerciai purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® ^Qr^l- Digitized by Microsoft® THE INSTITUTES or JUSTINIAN ILLUSTRATED BY EKGLISH LAW. JAMES WILLIAMS, B.C.L., M.A., LINCOLN COLLEGE, OXFOKD, AND OF LINCOLN'S INN, BABfiIST£B-AT-LAW. LONDON: ■WILLIAM CLOWES. AND SONS, LIMITED, 27, FLEET STEEET. 1883, Digitized by Microsoft® PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES. Digitized by Microsoft® PEEFACE. My reason for attempting a work like the present is the remembrance of the difficulty which I found as a student in comparing Eoman law as I read it with our own system. Legal writers treat the subject either very shortly, or else only incidentally, as far as it is applicable to a particular branch of law. Lord Mackenzie, Sir P. Colquhoun, and Mr. Poste are examples of the first kind ; Mr. Benjamin and Mr. Pollock of the second. Some of the comparisons in the succeeding pages may not meet with universal acceptance. I have tried, as far as possible, to avoid far-fetched analogies, but in occupying a ground hitherto almost untouched, I cannot hope to have avoided some errors. I have dealt with antiquarian matters less than I should like to have done, but it was necessary to confine the work within moderate bounds. Digitized by Microsoft® iv Preface. In the case of text-books of universal use, new editions of which are continually appearing (such as Stephen's Commentaries, and Williams on Eeal Property), the chapter rather than the page has been cited, in order to facilitate reference to any edition. It has been thought sufficient in a work primarily intended for students to refer to only one report of each case. J. W. Lincoln's Inn, Augmt, 1883. Digitized by Microsoft® TABLE OF CASES. PAGE Ackroyd 0!. Smith 56 Acton I'. Blundell ... ... ix. Adnam d. Earl of Sandwich 162 Agar-EUis, Be 12 Alexander v. Duke of Wel- lington ... ... ... 40 AUen, Ex parte ... ... 12 V. Maopherson ... 77 Allison V. Bristol Marine Insurance Co. ... ... 134 Alton V. Midland Railway Co 132,177 Anon Appleby v. Johnson Aquila, the ... Arkwright v. Gell . . . V. Newhold Armory v. Delamirie Amonld v. Eevonlt Ashbumer v. McGuire Ashby V. White Asher v. Whitlock . . . Ashworth v. Stanwix Attorney-General bers of Flymonth , Cham • V. Mayor • V. Terry of the Isle of Man v. Mylchreest Atwood 1!. Maude ... Aylesford, Earl of, v. Morris 46 125 4 58 146 40 161 95 167 64 197 34 146 220 49 153 196 PAGB Baboock v. Lawson ... 75 Bach V. Owen ... ... 144 Bailey u. De Orespigny ... 122 Balfei). West 14S Banda and Kirwee Booty ... 40 Barker v. St. Queutin ... 165 Basset v. Nosworthy ... 47 Bate «. Amhnrst ... ... 97 Bateman «. Pennington ... 80 Beauchamp 1). Powley ... 156 Beaufort, Duke of, v. Berty 29 Beckett D. Addy man ... 137 Beckham D. Drake ... ... 196 Beddall v. Maitland 172, 220, 222 Belshaw «. Bash 162 Bennett v. Whitehead Berringer v. Great Eastern Kailway Co. Berry v. Henderson Bil'oie V. Lnmley ... Bishop of London's Case Blackburn v. Stables Blagden v. Bradbear Blenkinaop v. Clayton Blewitt V. Tregonning Bloxam v. Sanders Blyth V. Birmingham Water Works Co. Bolger V. Mackell ... Bothamley v. Sberston Bradford v. Symondson Breslauer v. Brown 48 178 232 119 39 20 144 142 60 154 96 92 127 111 Digitized by Microsoft® Tl Table of Gases. PAGE Brady 1). Todd 158 Breton's Estate, Be ... 51 Brice -u. Bannister 164 Bryan v. Whistler 68 Bryant v. Lefever ... 32, 59 Brown v. Robins ... ... 58 Buckley v. Barber ... ... 90 V. Gross ... ... 44 Bulmer i;. Hunter ... ... 73 Burgess v. Wheate ... 102 Burnard ■!;. Haggis ... 25 Bury V. Allen ... ... 152 Bushell's. Case 179 Calye's Case ... ... 180 Cape Breton Co. v. Fenn ... 205 Carlisle, Mayor of, v. Gra- bam ... ... ... 42 Carlton v. Thomson ... 74 Carmiohael v. Carmichael 89 Carpenter v. Solicitor to the Treasury 138 Cawkwell v. Bnssell ... 59 Chaplin v. Eogers ... ... 52 Chapman v. Bradley ... 72 Chesterfield, Earl of, v. Janssen ... ... 45, 196 Chinnery v. Evans . . . 162 Clough V. Bond 96 Coggs V. Bernard ...75, 120, 123, 147, 156 Cohen -y. Huskisson ... 177 Commercial Steam Ship Co. V. Boulton Constable's Case ... Cook V. Lister Cooke, Ex parte ■ V. Oxley Cooper V. Phibbs Corbet's Case Cotterel 1). Jones ... Coulter's Case Conlthart v. Clementson . . Cowling V. Higginson Coxhead v. Mullis Craig V. Hasell Crane v. London Dock Co. Crisp V. Martin 29 34 162 218 116 119 60 223 89 137 57 24 177 70 68 Croker v. Marquis of Hert- ford 87 Crossley v. Lightowler ... 82 Cumber v. Wane ... ... 162 Cunday ■!;. Lindsay ... 69 Currie u Misa ... ... 115 Curtis V. Wheeler 187 Dalton V. Angus 58, 67, 184, 221 Davies D. Stephens ... 57 V. Williams ... 44 Davison i>. Wilson ... ... 44 Day u. Trig 98 Deiohmann, In the goods of 85 Dering ■«. Earl of Winchelsea 137 Dickinson ■;;. Dodds 116, 134 Dillon ■«. Parker 93 Direct United States Cable Co. V. Anglo-American Telegraphic Co 33 Doe V. Scott 49 ■!). Vardill 16 Doorman D. Jenkins ... 122 Dovaston v. Payne . . . 209 Drew 1;. Nnnn ... ... 133 Dublin, WiCklow, and Wex- ford Railway Co. v. Slat- tery 211 DafBeld 0). Scott 136 Dutton D. Poole 182 Dyer D. Best 137 Ecclesiastical Commission- ers V. Rowe ... ... 68 Eichholz V. Bannister . . . 140 Elliott V. Davenport ... 85 Ellison u. Ellison 52 Elmsley v. Corrie ... ... Ill Blsebe, the ... ... ... 40 Euxine, the ... ... ... 205 Evans v. Bremridge . . . 138 "!). Hooper ;.. ... 151 Every v. Smith 221 Eyre v. Countess of Shaftes- bnry 18 Farley v. Danks ... ... 223 ParrowD. Wilson 150 Digitized by Microsoft® Table of Gases. Vll Fellows V. Mitchell PAGE 44 Fergnsson v. Fyff e ... 157 Fernie v. Young ... 210 Fisher v. Apollinaris Water Co 169 Fleetwood, Ee 100 Fletcher v. Ey lands 200 Forbes v. Cochrane 5 Foreman v. Free Fishers of Whitstable 34 Foster i;. Wright ,.. 41,42 France v. Clark 75 Frewen v. Phillips 60 Frost r. Knight 126 Fryer v. Morris 95 Gaslrin -u. Balls 218 George v. Clagett 190 Gerrard v. Cooke ... ... 57 Gibbon i;. Budd 158 Gibbs D. Guild 214 Giblin v. McMallen 123, 154 Gilmonr •;;. Supple 125, 142 Glasgow, the ... ... 194 Goddard v.O' Brien Godefroy v. Dal ton Goodman -u. Griffiths • V. Mayor of Salt- ash Goodman's Trusts, Re Gordon v. Harper ... Grant v. Banqne Franoo- Egyptienne r. Grant Gray v. Bond V. Lewis Greenhouse, Ex pa/rte GriHa V. General Iron Screw CoUier Co. 162 154 144 33 16 172 222 51 35 136 36 154 Hall -u. Thynne Halliday v. Holgate Hanmer v. Chance Hannam v. Mockett Harlock v. Ashberry Harris v. Huntback Harrison v. Luke . . , Hewison v. Negus ... ... 117 75,76 ... 60 38, 39, 174 ... 222 ... 137 ... 144 ... 73 PAGE 61 144 126 176 131 26 69 179 110 131 43 26 41 134 58 117 175 50 161 49 195 45 141 121 193 60 84 Jordan i;. Newton 132 Julius V. Bishop of Oxford 113 Kemble v. Farren 1 28 Kemp V. Neville ... ... 179 Kendall r. Hamilton ... 129 Kennedy v. BrouB ... ... 159 Kingsford v. Merry ... 70 Kingston, Duchess of, Case of, 182,215 Knoxi). Gye 206 Lakeman' v. Mountstepheu 136 Lampleigh v. Brathwait 51, 159, 160 Lanphier 1!. Phipos ... 157 Hilton V. Bowes Hoadley v. MoLain Hochster -u. De la Tour . . . Holmes v. Mather ... Holroy d v. Marshall Holt ■W.Ward Horwood 1'. Smith Honlden D. Smith ... Houldsworth v. City of Glas- gow Bank Howell ■!). Conpland Hudson V. Tabor ... Huguenin 1). Baseley Hull and Selby Railway Co., Be Humphreys v. Green Humphries v. Brogden Hunt V. Wimbledon Local Board Hyman v. Nye Irons V. Smallpieoe Irvine v. Watson ... James v. Eeg. Jenny Lind, the Jones i;. Jones V. Just V. Lewis V. Lock V. Kobin '. Eobinson Digitized by Microsoft® Vlll Table of Gases. PAOE PAGE Laveroni v. Drary 180 Morfcimore v. Wright 26 Lawrence v. Walmeley 129 Mostyn v. Fabrigas 183 Laseelles iJ. Butt 227 Moyce v. Newington 69 Lee V. Stevenson ... 59 Muggleton v. Bamett 105 Lemaitre v. Davis 58 Murphy •«. Ryan ... ... 33 Leslie ■«. Fitzpatrick 24 Lewis Bowles' Case 48 Nash V. Armstrong 164 Liokbarrowu. Mason 51 Nevill V. Snelling . . . 157 Lloyd V. Guibert ... 194 NichoUs V. Marsiand 122 Lloyd's 1). Harper 137 Noble V. Ward ... 164 Lof tas V. Maw 86 Norfolk, Duke of, v. Arbnth- Logan V. Le Mesnrier 145 not 36 Longwortb v. Yelverton . . . 102 Nugent V. Smith ... 122 ,147 Lord I). Kellett 203 Lowndes iJ. Stone ... 84 Orme's Case 65 Lows «. Telford 172 Osborn i;. Gillett ... 173 ,175 Lynch, Ex pa'rte ... 24 Owen, Re 220 Lynn Eegia, Mayor of v. Taylor 60 Pasley v. Freeman 45 Lyon v.- Fishmonger's Co. 32 Patterson, Re Pearce v. Sootcher 80 33 Maodonald v. Bell ... 137 Pease v. Chaytor ... 68 Macreth v. Symmons 51 Pelham v. Newton... 85 Manning v. Wasdale 60 Peppin V. Shakspear 60 Manzoni v. Douglas 174 Peruvian Guano Co. •u. Marshall v. DUswater Steam Bolckwoldt Add. Navigation Co. ... 42 Philips D. London md Martin, Ee ... 8 South-Westeru Railway MoCanoe v. London and Co 150 North-Western Railway Phosphate Sewage Co. V. Co 173 Hartmont 110 Mason 11. Hill 57 Pigg V. Caley 5 Masper v. Brown 178 Pillans V. Van Mierop 116 Masters u. PoUie ... 46 Pinney v. Hunt 78 Matthews v. Brise 24 Pooley V. Driver ... 186 May V. Burdett 200 Poplett V. Stockdale 135 Mead, Be 72 Price V. Powell 79 Meyerstein -u. Barber 52 Priestly v. Fowler ... 197 Midland Insurance Co. v. Provincial Insurance Co .'of Smith . ... 70, 171 177 Canada v. Leduc 53 Miller v. Race 69 Pyer v. Carter 59 Miller's Case 164 Mitchell V. Lancashire and Quartz Hill Gold Mining Co. Yorkshire Railway Co. 150 V. Beall 130 Mitohil V. Alestree ' ... 175 Molton V. Camroux 11 133 R. V. Bembridge ... 222 Monck 1!. Hilton ... 222 — V. Birmingham . . . 13 Morgan v. Malleson 51 — V. Counden 33 Digitized by Microsoft® Table of Cases. IX PAGE PAOK E. V. Bdmonds ... 29 Elvers, Lord, v. Adams . . 56 — V. Facker ... 171 Eobinson v. Anderson . 153 — 01. Hall ... 172 Eogers ti. Spence ... . 64 — V. iTens ... ... Add. ' D.Taylor ... . 58 — V. Lord Melville ... 232 Rolf e V. Flower . 163 — V. Martin ... 233 Eoss' Trusts, Ee ... . 109 — V. Eoach ... 17 Eouquette v. Overmann . . 125 — ij. Sainsbury ... 233 Eustomjee v. Reg . 88 — D. Wilkinson ... 170 Eyall D. Rowles . 185 — • 1). Tarborough . . . ... 41 Race V. Ward ... 60 Salford Union v. Overseers Baffles V. WickelbaTis ... 135 of Manchester ... . 12 Eangeley v. Midland Eail- Sanderson v. Graves . 164 way Co. 56, 57, 60 Santos 1). lUidge ... 5 Eanu V. Hughes ... ... 116 Saterthwaite v. Duerst . . 177 Earn Coomar v- Chunder ... 223 Savage v. Foster ... . 45 Eatcliffe v. Barnard ... 155 Schjott V. Schjott ... . 205 Eawley v. Eawley . . . ... 191 Scott V. Shepherd ... . 178 Eaynor v. Mitchell 150, 197 Seaman v. Netherclift . 167 Bead v. Anderson . . . ... 212 Senhonse v. Christian . 57 V. Brookman ... ... 211 Sharington v. Strotton 5 V. Edwards . . . ... Add. Shelmerdine, Re ... . 77 • V. Fairbanks ... ... 47 Sherwood v. Ray ... 13 Eeading ■;;. Menham ... 149 Shields v. Davis . 204 Eeece v. Miller 35,71 Shiells D. Blackbume . 156 Eeg. V. Anderson . . . ... 35 Shnttleworth v. Le Flemin g V. Bishop ... 71 < 56,61 V. Cheafor ... 39 Simonin v. Mallac ... 4 V. Chorley ... 57 Simper v. Foley ... 59 ... Add. Simpson v. Egginton . 163 V. Dnnean ... 10 Singer Manufacturing Cc ). V. Glyde , 41,70 V. Clark . 75 -y. Gregory ... ... 171 Sleeman v. Wilson . 23 V. Keyn ...8,33 Smart 1). Jones . 61 i;. Millis ... 13 Smith V. Adkina ... . 79 V. Perry ... 47 11. Coney . 97 ... 70 Smout D. Ilbery . 158 V. Eamsay ... Add. Solomon v. Vintners' Co . . 58 -u. Eeid ... 221 Somerset's Case ... 5 V. Scaife 9, 168 South Australian Insuranc e D. Stephens ... ... 197 Co. V. Randall ... 13, 118 V. Stewart ... 37 Spice V. Bacon . 181 V. Stimpson ... ... 34 Stevenson v. Newnham . . . 167 V. Stubbs ... 228 Stills. Hoste . 98 ■!). Townley ... ... 222 Stooke 1). Taylor ... If J7, 190 a). Twiss ... 36 Streatfield 11. Streatfield .. . 93 Eichards v. Eose ... ... 58 Stubbs V. Holywell Railwa r Eichley v. Proone ... ... 184 Co ■ . 150 Digitized by Microsoft® Table of Cases. Sugden v. Lord St. Leonards 78 Sngg'u. Silber 211 Sury V. Pigofc ... ... 56 Sutcliffe t). Booth 58 Sutton 1). Moody 38 Swans, Case of 41 Syedsi). Hay 170 Tarling v. Baxter . . . 49, 145 Taylor i;. Johnston ... 24 Thomas 1). Breunan ... 72 V. Thomas ... 59 Thompson D. Hopper ... 45 Thomson ■;;. Davenport ... 196 Thurnell v. Balbimie ... 144 Tillet I). Ward 201 Twyne's Case ... 73,185 Union Bank of Manchester V. Beech ... 216 Yaughan's Case 233 Tine, Bx parte 112 Waddell i;. Bloctey ... 222 Wake V. Conyers 226 V. Harrop 44, 124 Wallis V. Smith 28 Walter v. Jones 163 Ward V. Eyre 44 V. Hobbs 141 PAGE Waring, Ex parte . . . .. 214 Warner v. Murdoch 8 Webb, Re ,. 153 Weir D. Bell .. 45 Welcome v. TJpton .. 63 Wellock V. Constantine .. 177 Wells V. Head .. 173 Westbeer's Case ... .. 47 Wheeldon v. Burrows .. 59 Wilkinson, Hx parte .. 212 .. 156 .. 188 — v. L/0v6rcii Davidson Digest of Justinian J) Dig. Bast, Pleas of the Crown }i Bast, P. C. Elton, Origin of English History Pearne's Contingeiit Eemainders Festns Forsyth, History of Trial by Jury Fortnightly Review Gale on Basements Gale Gilbert's Lex Prsetoria Glanvil Goddard on Easements jj Goddard Guterbock, Bracton and his relation to Roman Law, translated by Coxe jj Giiterbook Hale, Pleas of the Crown jj Hale, P. C. De Jure Maris De Portibus Maris Hall on the Sea Shore Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown ... }} Hawkins,?. C. Holland' s Jurisprndence Holland Holmes (0. W.), Lectures on the Common Law ... ... Holmes Hunter' s Eoman Law . . . J) Hunter Jarman on Wills 31 Jarman Jones on Bailments Jones Junius' Letters Law Magazine and Review Lewin on Trusts J) Lewin Liudley on Partnership a Lindley Littleton Litt. Livy Mackenzie's (Lord) Eoman Law ]} Mackenzie Macpherson on Infants Macpherson Maine's Ancient Law ... 3J Maine Early Law and Custom Markby's Jurisprudence Merivale, History of the Eomans under the Empire Mill's Utilitarianism Niebnhr's History of Rome Novelise of Justinian ... Ortolan, Explication des lustituts (vol. ii.) Ortolan's History of Eoman Law, translated by Pritchard and Nasmith ... Markby Niebuhr Nov. Ortolan, Exp. Ortolan Digitized by Microsoft® Authorities. Xlll Phillimore (Sir R.), International Law (Sir E.), Ecclesiastical Law ... Pliny, Epistles Pollock on Contracts ... Poste on Gains Pulling, Law of Attorneys Eeeves' History of English Law Boscoe, Admiralty Practice Digest of Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases Digest of Law of Evidence at Nisi Prius Bandars' Institutes of Justinian Savigny on Possession System of Modem Boman Law Shakespeare Shepherd's Touchstone Simpson on Infants Smith's Dictionary of Antiquities Leading Cases in Common Law ... Mercantile Law ( referred ^ i tO! Snell's Equity Stephen, Commentaries (Sir J. P.), Criminal Law History of the Criminal ) •Law ... ... ... ... } on Pleading Story on Agency on Bailments on Equity ■ on Eqnity Pleadings Starkie, Law of Evidence Theobald on Wills Tudor's Leading Cases in Conveyancing ... Twiss' Law of Nations Introduction to the Eolls Edition of ) Bracton ... ... ... ... J Ulpian, Bi'gnlse Viner's Abridgement ... Wentworth, Office of Executor Wharton, Law Lexicon White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity Phillimore \ Phillimore, I Eoel. Law Plin. Ep. Pollock Eeeves ( Eosooe, \ Adm. Prac. Crim. Bvid. N. P. Evid. Sandars 5 Shep. ( Tonohst. Simpson f Smith, ( Diet. Ant. Smith, L. 0. SneU Stephen Stephen, C.L. ( Stephen, (Hist. C.L. Story Tudor, L. C. Twiss ( Twiss' I Bracton Ulp. Eeg. Vin. Abr. 5 White & \ Tudor, L. C. Digitized by Microsoft® XIV Authorities. Williams (Sir B. V.), Law of Executors , (Joshua), Personal Property Keal Property On Bights of Common and Bruoe's Admiralty Practice ( referred ? I to as Wilson, Judicature Acts Wolsteuholme and Turner's Conveyancing Act Woodfall on Landlord and Tenant J Williams, Ex. Williams, P.P. Williams,R.P. t Williams & I Bruce 4 Wilson, l Jud. Acts j Wolsten- X holme Woodfall EEPOETS. Adolphns & Ellis Appeal Cases (current) Barnewall & Alderson Barnewall & Adolphus Barnewall & Cresswell Bosanquet & Puller's New Eeports Best & Smith Beavan Bingham Broderip & Bingham ... Brown's Chancery Cases Bulstrode Burrowes Camphell Carrington & Payne ... Cases temp. Lee Chancery Division. (current) Christopher Kobinson ... Clark & Finally Coke's Reports Colly er Common Bench Common Bench (New Series) ... Common Pleas Division Crompton Meeson & Eoscoe Curteis Dearsley's Crown Cases De Gex Maonaghten & Gordon . . . cited as A. &. E. App. Cas. B. & A. B. & Ad. B. & C. B. & P. N. E. B. & S. Beav. Bing. B. &B. Bro. C. C. Bulet. Burr. Camp. C. &P. Gas.temp.Jjee Ch. D. C. Bob. C. &E. Rep. Coll. C. B. C. B. N. S. C. P. D. C. M. & E. Curt. Dearsl. C. C. De G. M. & G. Digitized by Microsoft® Reports. XV Deuison's Crown Casea Dowling's Practice Casea Easb" Eden Ellis & Blackburn Ellis, Blackburn & Ellis Espinasse Exchequer Exchequer Division GiSard Henry Blackstone House of Lords Cases Hurlstone & Coltman ... Hurlstone & Norman ... Irish Reports, Common Law J. B. Moore Johnson & Hemming ... Law Journal, Chancery, Exchequer, Magis- ) trates' Ca-^es, Queen's Bench ... f Law Eepoi'ts, Admiralty and Ecclesia3tioal,> Common Pleas, Chancery Appeals Grown Cases Reserved, Equity, Ex- chequer, House of Lords (English and Irish), House of Lords (Scotch and Divorce), Privy Council, Queen's Bench Leach's Crown Cases Levinz Lord Raymond Haddocks Manning & Neville Mceson & Welsby Moody & Robinson Moore's Privy Council Cases Mylne & Craig Mylne & Keen Noy Peere Williams PhiUips Plowden Probate Division (current) Queen's Bench Queen's Bench Division (cnrtent) Eolle Enssell & Mylne Russell & Ryan Ryan & Moody Scott cited as Den. C. C. Dowl. E. & B. E. B. & B. Esp. Exch. Ex. D. GifE. H.-B1. H. L. C. H. &C. H. & N. I. R. C. L. J. &H. 5L.J.,Ch.,Ex., I M. C, Q. B. /L. R.,A.&B., C. P., Ch., C. 0. R., Bq., Ex., H. L.,H. I L. So., P. C, Iq.b. Leach Lev. Ld. Raym. Madd. M. &N. M. & W. M. &R. Moo. P. C. Mvl. & Cr. M". & K. P. Wms. Phill. Plowd. P. D. Q. B. Q. B. D. E. &M. Rup. & R. Ey. & M. Digitized by Microsoft® XVI Reports. Shower's Parliamentary Cases ... cited as Shower P. C. Sir Thomas Eaymond . jj T. Raym. State Trials ... li St. Tr. Strange 3t Str. Swabey's Admiralty . i) Swab. Swabey & Tristram it S. &T. Swanston )3 Swanst. Taunton Taunt. Term Reports J) T. R. Tentria ,) Tent. Temon Tern. Vesey J» Tes. Tesey and Beames T.