CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 085 807 455 
 
SPRAYING PUMPS 
 
 NOZZLES 
 
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 MACHINES 
 
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 •::.j<l.".V»-.>f;'.:fl 
 
 Field Force Pump Co. 
 
 LOCKPORT, N. Y. 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 OrEB * CO., PRINTERB, BUFFALO, M. V. 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085807455 
 
» OF ^ 
 
 THE FIELD FORGE PUMP. GO.'S 
 
 LATEST IMPROVED OUTFITS 
 
 For Spraying Fruit Trees by Hand and Horse Power, 
 
 Containing Hints, Suggestions, Recipes and General Information for the Protection oi 
 Fruit from the Ravages of Insect Pests. 
 
 OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO FARMERS AND ORCHARDISTS. 
 
 FIELD FORCE PVf\P CO., « Lockport, N. Y. 
 
 This illustration shows the usual method of mounting the outfits for general orchard spraying. Two or more extra 
 barrels of water may be carried in the wagon to supply the pump. When the foliage on the trees is high above the ground, 
 it will b* found convenient to use a long hose and a long pole, to which the nozzle may be attached. By this means the 
 spray can be guided to any part of the tallest trees. 
 
 Spraying is No Longer an Experiment but a Science. 
 
 THE SECRET OP SUCCESS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 FRUIT ORCHARD, GRAPE VINEYARD, HOP VINEYARD 
 
 POTATO FIELD, COTTON FIELD, and TOBACCO FIELD, 
 
 IS SPRAYING AT THE PROPER TIME. 
 
 OIES A CO.. PRINTERS AND EN0HAVER8, BUFFALO, N. V. 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE OF SPRAYING. 
 
 That spraying is necessary, there is no doubt or question. As a science each succeeding 
 year brings its valuable experience to aid us in a successful effort to rid our orchards, nurse- 
 ries and vineyards of destructive insects and injurious diseases. The information contained 
 in this cataloguers gleaned from the careful and systematic experiments of the several State 
 Experiment Stations, as well as from the National Station at Washington, D. C, and to that 
 extent the information herein contained may be considered absolutely reliable. For con- 
 venience, therefore, we shall divide the subject into six classes, as follows : 
 
 FIRST. — Spraying for the destruction of leaf-eating insects — those that consume the 
 foilage on trees, plants, vines and shrubs; these include the canker worm, tent caterpillar, 
 potato bug, cotton worm, web worm, and many others. These are leaf-eaters, and can be 
 destroyed with arsenites, among which Paris green and London purple are especially useful 
 for the work. 
 
 SECOND.— Spraying for the destruction of the larvse of such insects as the codling moth, 
 curculio and other moths whose eggs are deposited in the blossom or pollen of fl^iit, such as 
 apples, pears, plums, cherries, peaches, etc., either causing the flruit to fall from the tree or to 
 mature in an imperfect condition, unfit for sale or use. These pests can also be destroyed 
 by spraying with Paris green or London purple. 
 
 THIRD. — Spraying for the extermination of suctorial or sap-sucking species of insects, 
 such as the hop lice, chinch bug, aphis, leaf hopper, squash and cucumber bug, cabbage bug, 
 plant lice, bark lice, etc. These destroy the leaves by sucking out the sap or moisture of the 
 leaf, thus depriving it of its means of life, when it withers, leaving the web of the foilage 
 blighted, dry and dead. These pests can be destroyed by spraying with the kerosene emul- 
 sion mentioned elsewhere, which kills the insect by contact with its body. 
 
 FOURTH. — Spraying for the destruction or cure of fungus diseases of the grape. This 
 alludes to the excrescence or microscopic growth on plants and vines which forms mould, 
 mildew, smut, etc., and produces the black and brown rot, leaf blight, downy mildew and 
 other diseases. The Bordeaux mixture and ammoniacal carbonate of copper solution, can 
 confidently be depended upon to prevent these diseases when properly applied. 
 
 FIFTH.— Spraying for the prevention of potato rot. Wm, Carruthers, botanist to ' the 
 Royal Agricultural Society of England, says that the cause of the rot of potatoes is a 
 very small fangus which lives as a parasite on the potato plant, just as some larger fungi 
 live on trees and gradually kill them. The fungus kills and blackens the part attacked, 
 making it look as if bitten by frost. This disease can be cured by a weak solution of sulphate 
 of copper and lime. This should be sprayed on the leaves early in the season, when the tops 
 are three or four inches high, and at intervals of 14 days until September 10th. Experi- 
 ments conducted by Mr. Galloway, of Washington, proved successful ; his formula was the 
 Bordeaux mixture mentioned on last page of this catalogue. 
 
 SIXTH. — Spraying for the prevention of leaf blight of the pear, apple, peach and quince. 
 Experiments conducted at the several Stations show conclusively that this disease can be 
 prevented by the use of the Bordeaux mixture. The first application should be made when 
 the leaves are half grown and at intervals of 15 days until September. In conclusion, it may 
 be said that the web worm, that pest which is so destructive to the horse chestnut, elm, and 
 other fine shade trees in cities, and which begins its deadly work of defoliation in July, can 
 be destroyed by spraying during the middle of the day with either London purple or the 
 kerosene emulsion. The hop grower should know that the kerosene emulsion will destroy 
 the hop vine lice, and W. A. Henry, of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, is authority for the 
 statement that kerosene emulsion can be successfully used for the destruction of chinch 
 bugs on corn ; while Prof. H. Garman, of Kentucky, states that strawberry leaf blighfc can 
 be prevented by use of the Bordeaux mixture. 
 
 See recipes and formulas on pages 18, 19, and 24. 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 "GEM OK TEXAS" 
 
 SPRA YINQ O UTFIT. 
 
 Especially Designed for Spraying Fruit Orchards, Vine- 
 yards and Cotton Fields. 
 
 FIG. 41. 
 
 This pump has 2J-inch cylinder, is fitted with suction 
 pipe, 3 feet rubher discharge hose, and a ''Boss " Spray- 
 ing Nozzle, as shown on the hose, or a Graduating 
 Spraying Nozzle, as shown in Fig. 42, ^nd is ready to 
 mount on a barrei. Weight, 45 pounds. Additional 
 hose can be furnished at 15 cents per foot. With 3 feet 
 of hose it is fully equipped for use in Vineyards, Cotton 
 or Potato Fields. For spraying Orchard Trees we 
 recommend 8 or 10 feet of hose. This pump can be used 
 for filling steam boilers, and will force water agaicst a 
 steam pressure of 75 lbs. to the square inch. 
 
 If you prefer it, we will send the Fig. 42 nozzle (see 
 page 16) with this outfit, instead of the "Boss," shown on 
 the hose in Fig. 41. 
 
 PRICE OF OUTFIT COMPLETE, AS SHOWN IN CUT: 
 
 with Iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod, . . $6.50 
 With Brass Cylinder, Plunger and Rod, . . . 9.0d 
 
 We also recommend this outfit, with the Vermorel 
 Nozzle, for fighting Black Eot and 'Mildew on Grape 
 Vines, but when used for this purpose we suggest that 
 the working parts (cylinder, plunger and rod) be made 
 of brass. 
 
 See Recipes on Pages i8, ig and 24. 
 
 PRICES OF INSECTICIDES. 
 
 We have arranged to supply our patrons with a superior quality of Insecticides at the 
 following low prices : 
 
 LONDON PUBPLE, in One-Pound Tin Cans, at 20 c. per pound. In Bulk Uo. 
 
 PARIS GREEN, " " at 26 e. " " " 20o. 
 
 WHALE OIL SOAP, " Packages, at 12 o. " " " 80. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, " " 7c. 
 
 CARBONATE OF COPPER, " " lOo. 
 
 AQVA AMBIO^KIA— 20° BAlTmC 
 
 FULL QUART BOTTLES, 1 Dozen in a case, per Dozen J4.00 
 
 IN CARBOYS holding 10 Gallons 6.00 
 
 An additional charge of $1.75 will be made for the carboy, which will be refunded upon 
 
 its return to us free of charge. 
 
 nn liny ^Buy Household Ammonia for spraying purposes, it has not 
 
 UU nil I strength. Nothing less than 20° Baume will be satisfactory. 
 
 with the Spraying Outfits, the cost for freight charges will be but little, if any more. 
 
 Address: FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., LOCKPORT, N. Y. 
 
 enough 
 If sent 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 
 "Standard" Spraying Outfit 
 
 FOR HAND POWER. 
 
 The following formula is recommended 
 for rigging the pump for spraying trees: 
 Mount the pump, which, as per the accom- 
 panying illustration, is equipped with suction 
 pipe, eight feet of discharge hose and a 
 "Boss" spraying nozzle, upon an oil barrel 
 or whiskey cask, place the barrel on a wagon, 
 and you are ready for business. The nozzle 
 should be attached to the end of a long pole 
 (a bamboo pole is light and convenient), so 
 that none of the spray can fall upon the 
 operator. Drive slowly through the orchard, 
 and be particular to shower every part of 
 each tree. 
 
 One Hundred Trees per hour can 
 
 be sprayed with this 
 
 Outfit. 
 
 A Popular and Practical Outfit for 
 Spraying Orchards by Hand Power. 
 
 The pump has a 3-inch cylinder and is 
 furnished with eight feet of discharge hose 
 and '* Boss " Spraying Nozzle and Couplings. 
 Also, Suction Pipe, all fitted ready to mount 
 on a barrel. In orchards where trees are un- 
 usually tall, it may be desirable to use hose 
 longer than eight feet. In that case, extra 
 hose can be furnished at 16 cents per foot. 
 
 FIG. 40. 
 
 Price of Outfit Complete (Not Including Barrel): 
 
 With Iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod 98.00 
 
 " Brass " " " $10.50 
 
 This Outfit Weighs 50 Pounds. It can be mounted on a barrel, cask or tank, and used 
 for Spraying Orchards, Orange Groves, or Potato Fields, and when not in use for these pur- 
 poses can be used in a cistern or well, for protection against fire, washing wagons, carriages, 
 etc., sprinkling gardens and lawns and is useful for a thousand purposes about the farm 
 and home. 
 
 Itcan be fitted with Suction Hose instead of Iron Pipe, when so ordered, at additional cost. 
 See Recipes on Pages 18, 19 and 24. 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 
 "Perfection" Spraying Outfit 
 
 FOR HAND POWER. 
 
 It Supplies the Spraying Nozzle and Keeps the Liquid 
 Stirred up in the Barrel. 
 
 One Hundred Trees Per Hour can be 
 Sprayed with this Outfit. 
 
 This pump is fitted with ten feet of dis- 
 charge hose and a Graduating Spray 
 Nozzle, the above being attached to the 
 pump at the spout "A." At the aperture 
 "B " is attached three feet and ten inches 
 of return hose, at the lower end of which 
 is connected a discharge pipe, so that, at 
 every stroke of the pump, a small part of 
 the liquid is re-discharged into the tank 
 near bottom of suction pipe, which keeps 
 the paison and water well mixed. There 
 is also a tight cap furnished, to close up 
 opening "B" when desired. 
 
 The pump has three inch cylinder, and 
 is furnished with iron suction pipe, ready 
 to mount on a barrel. Weight, 55 pounds. 
 
 This outfit is also furnished with a fine 
 strainer at bottom of suction pipe, which 
 will eflfectually prevent leaves or dirt from 
 getting into pump or nozzle. 
 
 To insure its easy working, this pump 
 has been equipped with a lever nearly 
 three feet in length. 
 
 Price of Outfit Complete {not including 
 Barrefj: 
 
 with Iron Cylinder, Plungerand 
 
 Rod »S.50 
 
 With Brass Cylinder, Plunger 
 
 and Rod $12.00 
 
 Z'IG. 45. 
 
 HOW TO SEND MONEY. 
 
 Remittances can be ma.de maTperfect safety by Express Money Orders, which can be obtained 
 at any office of the American; Wells, Fargo & Co., or United States Express Co. When 
 these companies have no office, remit by Bank Draft on New York, Postofflce Order or 
 Registered Letters payable to us. Goods sent C. 0. D. only when one-fourth of the amount 
 is sent with the order; this is simply to guarantee good faith and payment of Express charges. 
 
 FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., LOCKPORT, N. Y. 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 
 Empire Spraying Pump. 
 
 It stirs the Liquid Automatically, and will Spray 
 100 TREES PER HOUR. 
 
 Tills pump comprises many impottant im- 
 provements. The cylinder is 3 inches inside 
 diameter, and 8 inches long, and to prevent its 
 being top heavy the cylinder is placed below 
 head of barrel. The increased capacity of cyl- 
 inder and air-chamber is about 35 per cent, 
 more than any other 3-inch cylinder pump 
 on the market, and the long lever with which 
 it is furnished makes it a pump of great power 
 and force. The unusimlly large air-chamber 
 will continue to discharge the spray for nearly 
 one minute after the operator stops pumping. 
 The outfit complete consists of the pump with 
 10 feet of discharge hose and a graduating spray 
 nozzle and suction pipe, ready to mount on a 
 barrel, and the small pipe for stirring the liquid. 
 The small pipe shown inside the barrel supplies 
 a continuous stream forced against bottom of 
 the barrel by the pressure from the air-chamber, 
 and keesps the poison and water well mixed. 
 The suction pipe is furnished with a fine 
 strainer, and the pump has a long lever. Weight 
 complete, 47 pounds. 
 
 With 
 With 
 
 FIG. 52. 
 
 Price of Outfit Complete (not Including Barrel) : 
 
 Iron Cylinder, Plungrer and Rod, 99.50 
 
 Brass Cylinder, Plunger and Rod, and Brass Valve Seat 12.00 
 
 Additional Hose at 15 cents per foot. 
 
 WHEN fiJiY OP OUR PUA\PS are to be out of use for any length of time, we ad- 
 vise that you pump clear water through them, as well as through hose and nozzle, for 
 several minutes, for the purpose of cleansing them ; then oil plunger and stuffing box with 
 good machine oil, using it liberally, and when next required for use the outfit will be found in 
 good condition. 
 
 Always, after using the Bordeaux mixture, follow the above instructions carefiiUy, as the 
 lime will harden like plaster and will choke up and clog the valves. 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 
 Double Empire Spraying Pump. 
 
 FIG. 64. 
 
 IT STIRS THE LIQUID AUTOMATICALLY! SUPPLIES TWO SPRAYING NOZZLES! 
 
 And will Spray two rows of Trees or Vines at the same time! 
 
 For Spraying POTATOES or other Field Crops, this Outfit is especially valuable, as the 
 spray will cover a large area with but little waste of liquid. 
 
 This pump ia equipped with two ten-foot sections of discharge hose and two Combination 
 Vermorel Nozzles, besides the return pipe for stirring the liquid. 
 
 The Vermorel Nozzles furnished with this outfit are the most economical nozzles in the 
 world, using less than one-half the liquid for the same work, that will be required with any 
 other nozzle; but, on account of the fineness of the spray, it is impossible to throw it more 
 than 15 feet, no matter how much power is used'; increased power simply makes the spray 
 finer but throws no farther ; hence, for tall trees longer lengths of hose should be ordered. 
 However, the nozzle is so made that the Vermorel attachment can be unscrewed, leaving a 
 solid stream nozzle with which a stream niay be thrown 30 feet high, when it will break into 
 a spray, but by this means more liquid will be used. The suction pipe has a fine strainer 
 and the pump is furnished with a long lever. Weight, 51 pounds. 
 
 Price of Outfit complete {not including barrel), witli Vermorel Nozzles : 
 
 With Iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod, 912. 50 
 
 With Brass Cylinder, Plunger and Rod 15.00 
 
 Additional hose at 15 cents per foot. 
 
THE FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.'S 
 
 ** DuPLKx " Spraying Outfit, 
 
 FOR HAND POWER. 
 It supplies two spraying nozzles, and will spray two rows of trees or plants at the same time. 
 
 FIG. 46. 
 
 This pump is fitted with tvfo EISHT-FOOT sections of Discharge Hose and one each of "Boss" and "Graduat- 
 ing Spray" Nozzles and 2% feet of suction pipe (we will send both nozzles alike when so ordered^. It is sub- 
 stantially the same as the "Standard" outfit, with the addition of an eztra sprayer. There Is a tight cap furnished 
 to close up either opening when desired. Weight, 62 pounds. 
 
 Price of Outfit Complete {not including Barrel): 
 
 with iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod S10.50 
 
 With Brass " " " I3.00 
 
 With this outfit the spray can be concentrated on a limited space, or can be diffused over an area of twenty- 
 fiTe to fifty feet, k splendid outfit for use in 
 
 ORANGE GROVES, COTTON AND POTATO FIELDS, VINEYARDS and large FRUIT ORCHARDS. 
 This pump, mounted on a barrel placed on its side, and drawn on a stone boat by one hone, is a Tery complete 
 machine for use in vineyards, and by using the Vermorel Nozzle and the Bordeaux mixture the "black rot" and 
 "mildew" can be successfally overcome. Additional hose at 15 cents per foot, 
 
 SBE BECIF£S ON PAGES 18, 19r AND »«. 
 
The Garfield Knapsack Sprayer, 
 
 FOR VINEYARDS, NURSERIES, FRUIT 
 
 ORCHARDS, AND POTATO FIELDS. 
 
 r/s. so. c. 
 
 FIG. 50. 
 
 This machine consistB of a copper tank holding five gallons. The pump is made entirely 
 of brass and copper, and cannot corrode or rust; there is a large air chamber placed inside the 
 tank for convenience, which has sufficient capacity to keep up the pressure and continue to 
 discharge the spray for nearly one minute after the operator stops pumping. The tank having 
 rounded ends, is stronger and less liable to leak ; it has handles for liftmg, thus adding greatly 
 to the convenience of " loading " upon the back. There is a large opening on top for the re- 
 
 ■ ception of liquid, with a fine strainer set inside. A brass i>ipe 15 inches long with a stop cock 
 is furnished with each machine. The nozzle is our combination Yeri^iorel, so highly recom- 
 mended by Prof. Biley, and gives universal satisfaction ; the Yermorel attachment throws a 
 fine misty vapor spray, but on account of its fineness cannot be thrown more than 15 feet. 
 More force applied only serves to make the spray finer, but by means of the combination the 
 Yermorel attachment can be unscrewed, leaving a solid stream nozzle, which will throw to a 
 distance of 40 or 50 feet. We also show in this engraving two special fittings, Fig. 50, B and 
 G, the former for carrying the spray to the tops of tall vines or up into orchard trees, the 
 latter a cross section brass pi^e for attaching two nozzles for spraying two rows of potatoes, 
 cotton or tobacco. These special fittings are not included in price of the outfit. Weight, 
 
 ' empty, 14 lbs. ; full, 55 lbs. 
 
 PRICE, $14.00, 
 
 which includes everything shown except special fittings Fig 50 B and 50 O. These will be 
 supplied at extra charge. 
 
 Should the plunger be pulled entirely out of the large tube, be sure to turn the leather 
 downward when returning pmnger to place, as the stroke is downward, not upward. 
 
FIG. 1. 
 
 (PaL Aug. W, '82.) 
 
 Champion Force Pnmp and Fire Extinguislier. 
 
 This cut illustrates our Portable Foecb Pump, which, 
 combining, as it does, the eflEiciency and durability of the 
 higher priced pumps on the market, is offered at a price 
 which places it within the reach of all. 
 
 Being made of either brass or galvanized iron, with 
 galvanized iron top and base, it will not corrode or rust. 
 It is capable of throwing from 8 to 10 gallons per minute 
 to the distance of 50 feet. For washing windows, car- 
 riages, verandas, etc, it has no equal. It is adapted for 
 spraying lawns and gardens, and for destroying insects 
 on plants, vines and small trees. 
 
 It can also be used successfully for controlling swarms 
 of bees when in the air, and is an ever ready syringe for 
 horses and cattle. 
 
 With this pump there is furnished two feet of }-inch 
 discharge hose, and a tin nozzle and sprayer. It can be 
 furnished with additional hose and with any of our 
 spraying nozzles, when desired, at additional price. This 
 pump is now made with brass cylinder, and is guaran- 
 teed strong and durable. 
 
 It has no suction hose, as the pump sets in the water, 
 thus securing perfect suction. 
 
 The weight, when boxed for shipment, is 8 pounds. 
 Retail price, Galvanized Iron, $3.00 ; Brass, S4,00. 
 
 SAMPLE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 
 
 We do not recommend this pvmp for spraying large orchards- 
 
 (The Earal New Yorker, Oct. 26, 1889.) 
 The E. N. T. the past spring for the first time tried the effect 
 of spraying an apple tree with water and Paris green. The tree 
 (Newtown Pippin) is about 14 years old from the nursery, and has 
 borne for four seasons without maturing a single apple, so far as 
 I know, that was not injured by the codling moth. It was first 
 sprayed when the apples began to set, and the tree was not 
 entirely out of bloom. It was again sprayed four days after and 
 again when the apples bent from an upright to a downward posi- 
 tion. It bore a moderate crop, and, though every apple was exam- 
 ined, there was not a trace of a codling moth. The quantity of 
 Paris green used was a level teaspoonful to two gallons of water. 
 It was sprayed on every part of the tree, underneath and over the 
 leaves, through a Vermorel Nozzle. The experiment was con- 
 ducted in a small way, certainly, but it proved what the E. N. Y. 
 desired to prove for itself, that thoroughly spraying apple trees 
 will insure the destruction of the codling moth without the 
 slightest apparent injury to the foliage. 
 
 FIG. 49. A Fbuit Oechabs ArrxB SpBAXiita. 
 
 Prop. M. H. BECKWITH, op the Delaware Agricultural College, thus summarizes 
 a series of experiments made at that station to test the efficacy of London purple in prevent- 
 ing the ravages of codling moth upon apples. 1. The average yield from the sprayed trees 
 of both sound and wormy apples was nearly four times as large as that fipm the unsprayed 
 trees. 2. The average yield of the sound apples from sprayed trees was nine times as great 
 as that from unsprayed trees. 3. Of the sound apples gathered from the sprayed trees, 90 
 per cent, were saved by the use of London purple. 10 per cent, only would have escaped the 
 codling, larvse had the trees been left without treatment. 4. The sound apples on the 
 sprayed trees were much superior in quality to those from the ones unsprayed. In order to 
 secure the best results, it is desirable to spray the trees at intervals of irom 10 to 14 days from 
 the time the blossoms fall until August 1, as the codling moths continue to deposit the eggs of 
 the first brood for three or four weeks, the moths from which begin to appear and deposit 
 eggs about the middle of July. 
 
 lo 
 
THE "LITTLE GEM" SPRAYING PUMP. 
 
 This pump is made entirely of brass, the working 
 parts, discharge and connecting tubes, plunger, rod and 
 air-chamber ; so that all parts (except the rubber hose 
 and valve packing) that come in contact 'with the 
 liquid are of brass, making it practical for using any of 
 the insecticides, emulsions, arsenites, fungicides, or am- 
 moniacal mixtures now in common use for saving fruit, 
 foliage and flowers from destruction by insects and fun- 
 gus. It is supplied with our '' Combination Vermorel 
 Nozzle," which throws a fine misty spray, using only a 
 small amount of liquid to cover a large space ; and by a 
 brass needle point, operated by a spring, tnay be con- 
 densed to spray a single plant without spraying the 
 groundl)etween plants, and this needle point also serves 
 to clear the' nozzle of any obstruction that might lodge 
 in the aperture. It has two feet of vulcanized rubber 
 hose, to which is attached a brass hand-tube, with the 
 solid-stream nozzle firmly fastened, to which the Ver- 
 morel is attoched or detached by a screw coiHiection, at 
 the pleasure of the operator. 
 
 When it is desired to throw water to a greater distance 
 than can be done with the Vermorel Nozzle, unscrew 
 the Vermorel attachment and the water can then be 
 thrown 40 to 50 feet. 
 
 The large capacity of the air-chamber and length of 
 cylinder, together with the power of the inflating valve, 
 enables it to throw a continuous steady stream fifty feet, 
 FIG. 53, or a steady spray for thirty seconds or more after the 
 
 operator stops pumping. This pump is neat in design, 
 very compact, strong and durable, nothing liable to get out of repair or wear out that could 
 not be replaced at a cost of a few cents. The entire weight of the pump complete is 4 lbs ; 
 when boxed ready for shipment, 7 lbs. The price, including an iron stirrup for holding it firm- 
 ly in the pail with the foot, with the Vermorel nozzle, is $4.50. The Vermorel nozzle used 
 with this pump is made especially for it, and cannot be used with other fittings or connec- 
 tions. "We can, however, furnish a coupling that will attach this nozzle to any standard f-inch 
 hose coupling for 25 cents. Additional hose at 15 cents per foot. 
 
 THE ECONOMY GARDEN ENGINE. 
 
 This machine was designed as a Lawn and Garden Engine. Its size is 36 z 14 z 22 inches, and the tanl; holds 
 forty gallons ; is mounted on two strong iron wheels, with tires 2% inches wide. Total weight, 176 pounds. It can 
 be moved about by hand to spray small orchards, or, mounted in a wagon, it can be used for large orchards. 
 
 Price Complete, including three feet Discharge Hose and " Boss " Nozzle, $20.00. 
 
 With Return Hose and Discharge Pipe for stirrlns liquid, $22.50. 
 
 Additional Discharge Hose can be furnished at 15 cts. per foot. 
 
 II 
 
The Victor Improved 
 
 SPRAYING MACHINE. 
 
 OPERATED BY HORSE POWER. 
 
 IT STIRS THE LIQUID AUTOMATICALLY. 
 
 FIG. 61. 
 
 • 
 
 This machine is complete and ready for immediate use, made in two sizes. It consists of 
 a two-wheel cart with thills for one horse. The tires are three inches wide, and the tread of 
 the wheels three and four feet, respectively. The wheels are three and one-half feet in diameter, 
 with bent axle, so that the bottom of the tank is only about fifteen inches above the ground. 
 The tanks are oak, and hold 50 and 65 gallons. The pump is double, with two brass cylinders, 
 brass working parts, and plunger rods. The cylinders are placed below the top of the tank> 
 and the machine is compact, without being top heavy. The pump has two suction pipes, and 
 a return pipe for stirring the liquid. The machine is gedred at both wheels, with a double 
 crank, near center of shaft. The large cog-wheels are securely fastened to the cart-wheels by 
 straps of iron ; the revolution of the wheels operates the pump by means of the smaller cog- 
 wheels and crank shaft, as plainly shown in the illustration. (Chain gears have been substi- 
 tuted in place of the cog-wheels.) The arrangement for throwing out of gear is simple and 
 convenient, and easily operated by the driver. The pipes shown here are especially designed 
 for spraying vineyards, there being four nozzles with stationary pipes, so<arranged that one 
 
 12 
 
row of vines on each side of the machine, as well as the higher and lower foliage on those 
 vines, can be sprayed at the same time ; and, by means of the elbows and fittings as furnished, 
 the nozzles may be set at any angle desired. There are two brass stop cocks furnished so that 
 the spray may be shut off on one side of the machine while it is in use on the other side. The 
 pump is furnished with a back pressure or safety discbarge spout, so there may be no unnec- 
 essary strain on pipes, nozzles, or machinery. There is also a seat for the driver, from which 
 he may reach the nozzles, stop cocks and lever for throwing out of gear. "We furnish four 
 Combination Vermorel Nozzles with this macliine. 
 
 The Price of the entire Machine complete, including everything 
 shown in the illustration, is $65.00. 
 
 ' In placing this new sprayer on the market, we can guarantee it complete and perfect in 
 every respect. When orchards are to be sprayed, we will furnish two 10-foot sections of hose 
 with two Vermorel nozzles, in place of the standing pipes and nozzles, at above price. If the 
 hose is wanted in addition to the standing pipes, the cost will be more. 
 
 Be particular always to know that the back pressure discharge spout is working freely. 
 
 The Truck and Barrel Sprayer. 
 
 FIG. 56. 
 
 This machine consists of our Empire outfit, Fig. 52 complete, and mounted on a barrel 
 having a capacity of 45 gallons, together with the barrel cart. The cart has strong wheels, 
 34 inches in diameter, and 37 inches from outside to outside of hubs; it has strong hardwood 
 handles, and is a very convenient machine for use in small orchards and gardens, where it is 
 impractical to drive a horse. 
 
 Price complete, including everything shown in the engraving, with 10 feet of hose, and 
 a graduating nozzle : 
 
 Pump with Iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod S16.50 
 
 Pump with Brass Cylinder, Plunger and Rod 1 9.00 
 
 13 
 
The Southern (lueen Spraying Pump. 
 
 IT STIRS THE LIQUID AUTOMATICALLY. 
 
 A popular demand for a low- 
 priced spraying outfit complete, 
 with all improvements, has induced 
 us to place this outfit on the market. 
 It consists of the pump with suction 
 pipe and strainer, a return pipe for 
 stirring the liquid, five feet of dis- 
 charge hose, and our Combination 
 Vermorel Nozzle. 
 Price complete (^not Including bar- 
 ret), with Iron Cylinder, Plunger 
 arid Rod, . - - $8.00 
 
 Additional hose at 15 cents per foot. 
 We can guarantee this outfit to 
 be strong and durable, and, though 
 I the pump has not the "power or 
 I capacity of our Empire or Perfection, 
 it will give good satisfaction. 
 
 'HOP LICE. 
 
 FIG. 6S. 
 
 (From Farm and Home.) 
 
 The attack of this species should be 
 closely watched by hop growers, and if it 
 proves formidable, the following is the best 
 : remedy that can be used : With the aid of 
 a good force pump, having a nozzle which 
 will throw a fine mist-like spray (every hop 
 grower should have his force pump, which will be worth many times its cost to him), go 
 through the yards and spray the underside of the leaves with a kerosene emulsion which is 
 ' prepared by thoroughly mixing, by the aid of a force pump, two gallons of kerosene with a 
 hot solution of one pound of soap in one gallon of waiter; one part of this emulsion (a thick 
 substance), should be diluted with 20 or 23 parts of water. With this preparation the injury 
 to the foliage was none at all, and- all the lice iff ere killed. One hundred -gallons of 
 this wash would cost about 30 cents. With this treatment the ravages of the hop louse may 
 easily be prevented. In future do not charge the loss upon Providence. 
 
 TROF. J. A. LIN'TEE, 
 State Entomologist of New York. 
 
 H 
 
The Phillips Spraying Pump, 
 
 WITH MECHANICAL MIXING APPARATUS. 
 
 PATENT APPLIED FOR. 
 
 FIG. S7. 
 
 The special feature of this 
 outfit is its ingenious con- 
 trivance for stirring the 
 liquid. A bevel cog gear on 
 the lever operates a com- 
 panion gear which is at- 
 tached at the upper end to 
 a steel shaft; this passes 
 through the barrel parallel 
 with the cylinder and suc- 
 tion pipe ; at the lower end 
 of the shaft is attached a 
 horizontal wooden bar, so 
 that at each stroke of the 
 lever this bar is turned in 
 a semi-circle rapidly enough 
 to keep the liquid and 
 poison constantly mixed. 
 The pump is equipped with 
 10 feet discharge hose and 
 our Combination Vermorel 
 Nozzle; also suction pipe 
 and strainer, ready to 
 mount on a barrel. 
 
 Price complete {not including barrel): 
 
 With Iron Cylinder, Plunger and Rod, S13.50 
 
 With Brass Cylinder, Plunger and Ro^ 16.00 
 
 rrOETY gallons of Bordeaux mixture or the ammoniacal carbonate of copper solution will 
 rt spray one acre of^rape vines, when used with our Vermorel Nozzle. With our horse, 
 power machine, one horse can spray twelve acres of vineyard per day. 
 
 15 
 
THE IMPROVED COMBI/MATION 
 
 VBRMORKIv SPRAY ISIOZZI^K 
 
 Will throw a Solid Stream 
 
 or the finest Misty Spray. 
 
 This nozzle is shown full size, and is the 
 Vermorel, with several very important im- 
 provements. The spindle is provided with 
 a spring which keeps the needle point from 
 passing into the aperture A, except when the 
 thumb is pressed upon the broadhead B, 
 which is done for the purpose of freeing the 
 hole of any obstruction. This small spindle 
 also divides and spreads the liquid to use it 
 with the greatest economy, and at the same 
 time produces the finest vapor spray. It will 
 require less than one-half the liquid to cover 
 a given surface that will be needed with any 
 other nozzle. . It is especially adapted for use 
 in vineyards, nurseries, etc., etc. The ex- 
 treme fineness of the spray produced makes 
 it impossible to throw it more than 15 feet. 
 More force applied only serves _to make the 
 spray finer, but throws no further; but by the 
 combination, the Vermorel attachment can 
 be unscrewed, leaving a solid stream nozzle 
 which will throw to a distance of 40 or 50 feet. 
 
 Price, t inch, with two Caps A, 
 having difierent size holes $1.25 
 
 Sent hj mail, postage paid, on receipt of the above 
 price. 
 
 THE "BOSS" SPRAY HOSE PIPE. 
 
 FIG. 16. 
 
 We still ofi^er this 
 
 pipe, which for ten 
 
 years has held the 
 
 position among 
 
 pipes that its name 
 
 signifies- Its merits 
 
 I are too well known 
 
 I to need more than 
 
 I brief mention. 
 
 It throws a perfect 
 ' stream or the finest 
 inist. 
 
 It delivers more 
 water by spray than 
 by solid stream. 
 The spray comes 
 directly through the 
 pipes, thus avoiding 
 strain on the hose. ■ 
 It has no packing nuts to work loose or leak. 
 It is made in the best possible manner and 
 
 warranted. 
 Every pipe sent out is plated. ^ 
 
 PR/CE LIST. ' 
 
 } inch $1.00 each. | 1 inch $1.25 each. 
 
 THE "GRADUATING" SPRAY NOZZLE. 
 
 FIG. 4». 
 
 . It will throw a 
 coarse or a fine 
 spray, a large or 
 . smallsolid stream. 
 The spray can be 
 closely contracted 
 or made to cover a 
 large area. 
 These results are ob- 
 tained by revolving it 
 part way round. 
 Simple in design,having 
 no cocks, cams or valves. 
 This nozzle attached to 
 a Standard, makes a 
 beautifid fountain. A 
 splendid no z z 1 e for 
 general use for spraying 
 trees, and a general 
 favorite with fruit grow- 
 ers. 
 
 PRICE. 
 
 f inch $1.00 
 
 We desire to call your attention to the following Editorial notice, which appeared in a recent number of the 
 Rural New Yorker: 
 
 S. N. BouEo, Michigan. — What is the best hand force pump for sjpraying fruit trees, and what chemicals are 
 best adapted as insect destroyers on the apple and plum trees, small irnits, etc. ? 
 
 Ans. 1. The Field Force Pump Company, Lockport, N. T., make good spraying pumps. Paris green or 
 London purple ia generally used in aoout the proportion of one pound to 200 gallons of water for spraying apple, 
 plum and other trees. For spraying currant and gooseberry bushes to kill the currant worm, white hellebore is 
 generally used, a table-spoonlUl to a pail of water. 
 
 l6 
 
TO DESTROY THE CODLING MOTH. 
 
 Prof. Cook gives illustration and description of the 
 codling moth, as follows : 
 
 The moth, F and G, is accurately represented In 
 the picture in form and size. The main color is gray, 
 flecked with darker dots and bars, and with a charact- 
 eristic copper-colored spot at the end of its front 
 wings. This spot will always enable one to distinguish 
 the moth. In May, about two weeks after the blos- 
 soms appear, the female moth commences to lay eggs 
 in the calyx of the blossoms, B. These soon natch, 
 when the minute larva (shown full grown, B) eats 
 into the apple and feeds upon the pulp around the 
 core, filling the space with its fecal filth. 
 
 The whitish larvae attain their full growth in about 
 four weeks. This period will be lengthened by cold. 
 
 and shortened by heat. When mature, the larva 
 leaves the apple, which may have fallen to the ground, 
 and seeks a secluded place in which to spin its co- 
 coon I, and pupate. The pupa or chrysalis, D, is 
 much like those of other moths. The pupse of the 
 June and July larvse are found in the cocoons soon 
 after the latter are formed, while those of the 
 
 autumn larvae do not pupate till spring, but pass 
 the winter as larvae in the cocoons. The eggs of 
 the second brood are laid in July, August and Sep- 
 
 tember. The larvae feed in autumn and often till 
 mid-winter, while, just as stated, they do not pupate 
 till spring. 
 
 Professor Cook prefers London purple to Paris 
 green because it is cheaper and easier to mix in the 
 water. The mixture is as follows : I mix the pow- 
 der one pound to loo gallons of water. It is best to 
 wet the powder thoroughly and make a paste before 
 putting into the vessel of water, that it maj all mix, 
 and not form lumps. Always keep the liquid well 
 stirred. One common pail of the liquid will suffice 
 for the largest tree. For a large orchard a common 
 barrel should be used, drawn in a wagon. I prefer 
 to have the barrel stand on end, with a close mova- 
 ble float with two holes through it, one for the pipe 
 or hose from the pump, and the other for a stirrer. 
 If very large orchards are to be treated, a good force 
 pump should be fastened to the barrel. This appa- 
 ratus is manufactured by the Field Force Pump 
 Company, at Lockport, N. Y., and is known as the 
 Perfection. The spray ma}r be caused by a fine per- 
 forated nozzle or a graduating nozzle. The finer it is 
 the less liquid will be required. The important thing 
 is to scatter the spray on all the fruit, and get just as 
 little on as possible. The larva is killed Dy eating 
 the poison, and we find that the faintest trace suffices 
 for the purpose. 
 
 The danger from this practice I have found to be 
 nothing at all. Of course we should not turn stock 
 into an orchard till a heavy rain has washed the 
 poison ttota all herbage under the trees. 
 
 (From Farm Journal, January, 1891.) 
 SPRAYING FRUIT TREES. 
 
 FAKMBES MUST COMB TO IT— PAST SEASON'S EX- 
 PERIENCE — HOW IT IS DONE AND WHEN. 
 
 By Mortimer Whitehead. 
 
 Farmers must meet the new occasions, be prepared 
 for new duties, or they will hot keep up with the 
 procession, and to be "left" in these days means no 
 profit, no success. 
 
 "I don't believe in it, it's ag'ln nature," said an old 
 friend several years ago when we bought our first 
 spraying outfit for use on our orchards to destroy the 
 pest slugs. 
 
 "If s ag'in nature," said and thought the old farm- 
 er when fanning mills to clean up grain were intro- 
 duced, and one good old preacher is on record as 
 preaching "ag'iir' the fanning mill, "because," he 
 said, "when God wishes to send a wind to clean up 
 the farmer's grain, he'll send it, and.manhas no right 
 to make a machine to manufacture wind," 
 
 I believe in spraying, for I have tried and proven 
 it. In many portions of our country to-day it is just 
 as much a necessity as is underdrainiug, or fertiliz- 
 ing, or killing potato bugs. 
 
 I have upwards of 6,000 fruit trees on my "Fruit- 
 vale Farm." We sprayed our apple trees in one or- 
 chard of 800 trees three times last spring and, curious 
 as it may sound in this year of a snort crop, we had 
 
 some trees so full of apples that the branches broke 
 down. 
 
 Spraying may not protect against all eflfects of a 
 late frost or long continuous rains, but iiltelpa. Any- 
 thing that strengthens a tree or plant in one direction 
 increases its resistant powers in another. 
 
 We have sprayed for the codling moth and we have 
 succeeded, and we are getting into the way of spray- 
 ing for the leaf rust or blight on the leaves of apples 
 and pears, and it pays. 
 
 For the codling moth, one pound of London purple 
 to 200 gallons of water, put on with one of "The Per- 
 fection Pumps with Spraying Attachments," made by 
 the Field Force Pump Company, of Lockport, N. Y., 
 than which we have never seen a better. Big the 
 pump on one barrel and load on the farm wagon, 
 with a boy to drive and a good man at the pump. 
 Drive slowly, not stopping, pass up one side of a row 
 of trees (mine are eighteen years planted) throwing 
 the spray on that side (one-fourth of the tree at 
 least), come back on the other side of the same row, 
 and you have sprayed two sides. When all the rows 
 are finished one way, then go up and down the rows 
 the other way, just as if you were plowing corn "to 
 the hill ;" plowing both ways you would pass each 
 hill four times, and as you drive slowly past each 
 tree you have a chance at all four sides. 
 
 Give the first spraying just as the blossoms have 
 faded, the second a week after, and the third ten 
 days after the second. You will see good results the 
 first year, and still better the next year after. 
 
 Read up and study this subject of spraying, and 
 before next spring get a good spraying apparatus and 
 go to work. It will pay every time. 
 
 NEARLY FORTY MILLION DOLLARS DAMAGE IS DONE 
 
 to the crops of the United States by insects, according to estimates made by the Association of Kconomic Entomol- 
 ogists in session at Washington last week. The same subjects were taken up by the Society for the Promotion of 
 Agricultural Science at the same time and place, the rose-bug being specially treated. Prof. Cook of Michigan 
 pronounces It the most destructive beetle in the country, and said it could be killed by spraying the trees or vines 
 with kerosene emulsion or by a like emulsion in which pyrethrum has been added.— Farm and Home, Sept. IS, 1391. 
 
 17 
 
WHEN TO SPRAY, AND WHY. 
 
 POE the prevention 
 of leaf blight 
 /\f»f»LE TKECb. spray as soon as 
 
 the leaves are full 
 ^ grown with Bordeaux 
 
 mixture or ammonia- 
 cal carbonate of copper. To destroy the aphis or plant 
 lice, spray with kerosene emulsion as soon as 
 the pests appear. To destroy the codling moth, 
 canker worm and curculio, spray with Paris green or 
 London purple, one-fourth pound in 40 or 60 gallons 
 of water, soon after the blossoms fall, and again two 
 weeks later. To destroy the web worm, spray with 
 London purple or kerosene emulsion about August 
 1st to 10th, or as soon as they appear. This applica- 
 tion should be made during the middle of the ~dAy, 
 when the worms are out of their webs and feeding 
 on the leaves. 
 
 ChERRIES. 
 
 Treatment same as rec- 
 ommended for the apple. 
 
 CURRA/MTS 
 
 AND 
 
 Gooseberries. 
 
 To destroy the 
 worms, spray 
 with powdered 
 white hellebore, one 
 ounce in three gallons 
 of water, as soon as the 
 — worms appear. To de- 
 
 stroy the yellow aphis, 
 spray with kerosene emulsion early in the season. 
 To prevent mildew, use one-half ounce potassium 
 sulphide to one gallon of water. The New York Ex- 
 periment Station Report says : 
 
 * * * " Not only has every plant of gooseberry 
 sprayed this season (1890) resisted the mildew, but 
 plants kept as checks this season, that were sprayed 
 last year, have shown but slight signs of this fungus. 
 We have never been successful in preventing the 
 mildew by one application of the sulphide, but have 
 had to continue the treatment three or four times 
 each season." 
 
 TO destroy the cabbage 
 maggot, spray the roots 
 K,f\Dti/\\jCt with two ounces white 
 
 hellebore In three gallons of 
 
 ' water. Kerosene emulsion is 
 
 also recommended; in either case the earth should 
 be pushed back by hand and the liquid forced about 
 the roots. To destroy the cabbage worm, spray with 
 hot water at 130° Fahrenheit, or with kerosene emul- 
 sion. The green cabbage worm can be destroyed by 
 spraying with pyrethrum, two tablespoonsful to two 
 gallons of water. 
 
 THE Arkansas Iiidustrial 
 University at Fayetteville 
 says the following is one 
 
 of the most efficient, inexpen- 
 
 sive and harmless remedies 
 for the destruction of the cotton worm; 2j^lbs. pyre- 
 thrum and IX gallons kerosene oil, and I lb. soap; 
 dissolve the latter in one gallon of boiling water, and 
 
 COTTON. 
 
 to this hot mixture add one gallon of the above extract 
 (pyrethrum and kerosene), and mix thoroughly with 
 a force pump ; dilute with water 450 parts to one 
 part of the emulsion and apply to the cotton with a 
 " Vermorel " nozzle ; this extract kills by contact, 
 and, though destructive to insect life, is not in the 
 least injurious to those handling it. 
 
 A very important feature of this extract as an in- 
 secticide is its cheapness. The cost of that used 
 this season is as follows: 
 
 2U pounds pyrethrum @ 30 cts. per lb 80.75 
 
 1% gallons oil ® 16 cts. per gal 2^ 
 
 IX gallons extract, cost 97% 
 
 1 gallon extract, cost ; 65 
 
 1 pound soap, cost 10 
 
 In spraying, thirty gallons of the diluted emulsion 
 is generally considered the amount necessary to 
 cover an acre of cotton. This is made up at a strength 
 of 1 part to 450 of water, therefore 76 cents will buy 
 enough for 15 acres. It is a minimum price for an 
 insecticide, and its cheapness, combined with its 
 other good qualities, is bound to make it a very popu- 
 lar remedy for many insects. 
 
 The cotton worm can also be destroyed by spraying 
 with 6 oz. London purple in 40 gallons of water. Ap- ■ 
 ply soon as the worms appear ; 45 gallons per acre 
 will be sufficient. 
 
 gAN be destroyed with 
 the kerosene emulsion. 
 vmiiv^n Duus Every farmer should 
 
 ON COR/^ learn to make this emulsion, 
 
 as it is a most useful insecti- 
 
 = oide. It is especially valuable 
 
 for killing lice on cattle and hogs. Paris green will 
 
 not kill chinch bugs. 
 
 If the bugs are not yet in the corn, plow a deep 
 furrow along the side of the field; they will enter, and 
 throw into it stalks of green corn. When the bugs 
 have accumulated on the corn, sprinkle with the 
 emulsion. Putin fresh stalks and sprinkle whenever 
 the bugs accumulate. If they break over the barrier, 
 as they probably will, run a new furrow a few rows 
 back in the corn and repeat. Where they have at- 
 tacked stalks of standing corn, destroy by sprinkling. 
 
 If the remedy is tried,it should be used persistently. 
 To kill one lot of bugs and then stop will do little or 
 no good. When the bugs threaten to destroy as 
 much as five or ten acres it will pay for one or two 
 men to devote their whole time to the warfare. Only 
 a part of each day, however, will be needed. Some 
 corn will be lost at best, but the most of the field 
 should be saved. 
 
 W. A. HENRY, Director. 
 
 Wisconsin Experiment Station, 
 
 The Garfield Znapsack Sprayer is especially rec- 
 ommended for this work. 
 
 F attacked by the black 
 peach aphis, spray with 
 kerosene emulsion. The 
 plum curculio frequently at- 
 tacks the peach, in which 
 
 PEACHES. 
 
 case spray with Paris green, two ounces to 60 gallons 
 water; be sure to keep it well stirred, and use with 
 oaution. Never use London purple on peach trees. 
 
 18 
 
TOBACCO. 
 
 ■ ■ ■ - I EAF blight can be pre- 
 
 [_£ vented by use of the 
 
 5XR'\'^™ Bordeaux mixture, ap- 
 
 Df |3D| FC plied with a spray pnmp once 
 
 ^ ^ * in two weeks ; first applica- 
 
 =^^i==: tion must be made early in 
 
 the season. 
 
 Destroy the crown borer by spraying with Paris 
 
 green, 3 ounces to 40 gallons of water, as soon as the 
 
 new leaves open, again just before the first blossoms 
 
 unfold, and again after Aug. 1st, 
 
 THE tobacco worm, or horn 
 caterpillar, is the chief 
 pest of the tobacco field. 
 The moths appear In June and 
 ' July, and the female at once 
 
 lays eggs on the upper surface of the leaves; these 
 hatch in about 24 hours, and the worms at once begin 
 to eat. Can be destroyed by sprayin'gwith Paris green 
 or London purple, ^ pound to 60 gallons of water. 
 Use the Vermorel Nozzle. 
 
 THE green tomato worm 
 can be destroyed by 
 yO/V\/\|Ot5» spraying with London 
 
 purple, ^ pound to 60 gallons 
 
 of water. This should not be 
 
 used after the tomatoes have begun to ripen, 
 
 THE grape-vine flea beetle 
 ' and the grape phylloxera 
 can be destroyed by 
 spraying with the kerosene 
 emulsion. The former can 
 also be destroyed with London purple or Paris green. 
 
 GRAPES. 
 
 FUNGUS. 
 
 Treatment of Black Rot of the Grape. 
 
 Authority by B. T. &A.I^JMWAT, A. J. COOK 
 and, WM. JD. BAUHMS. 
 
 TREATMENT. 
 
 Collect all the trimmings, old leaves and rotten 
 berries and burn them. In the spring plow and prune 
 early. Before vegetation starts, spray the vines 
 thoroughly with the Bordeaux mixture, using the 
 Vermorel Nozzle. About ten days after spray again 
 with Bordeaux mixture, being particular to wet the 
 foliage thoroughly. A third spraying should be 
 made after the lapse of twelve or fifteen days, using 
 the Bordeaux mixture. Spraying should be contin- 
 ued at intervals of twelve or fifteen days until the 
 berries begin to color, but after the' third application 
 abandon the use of the Bordeaux mixture and sub- 
 stitute the ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate. 
 It is believed that this will prove as effectual as the 
 Bordeaux for later work, without danger of spotting 
 the fruit, 
 
 BROWN ROT AND DOWNY MILDEW. 
 
 These diseases, which are caused by the same 
 fungus, occur in sections where black rot prevails, 
 and experience has shown that one treatment will 
 answer for all. In the great grape-growing regions 
 of Ohio and New York, where the downy mildew is 
 the principal enemy, the ammoniacal copper carbo- 
 nate solution will prove an effectual preventive!. It 
 must be thoroughly applied to all the green parts of 
 the vine, being particular to make the first applica- 
 tion before any signs of mildew heme appeared. This 
 treatment is strictly preventative, and it would be 
 folly to wait until theenemy appears before beginning 
 the fight. 
 
 POTATOES. 
 
 ANTHRACNOSE 
 
 Or birds-eye rot, rarely occurs alone. As a rule, it 
 is found with black rot or mildew. Treatment as 
 recommended. 
 
 ^PRAY with Paris green, 
 
 ^?N seven ounces to 50 gal- 
 lons of water, to destroy 
 potato bugs (Colorado 
 
 beetle). Repeatas often as the 
 beetles appear. Potato rot or 
 blight can be prevented by 
 spraying with Bordeaux mixture; first application 
 when tops are about half grown, repeating every 
 fifteen days until six treatments have been given. 
 
 THIS insect appears in 
 June or early in July, 
 HI If HI uiM I and is very destructive. 
 "*-"^ i"i-M|-<i I Spray as soon as the 
 I OII^F pests appear with kerosene 
 ^—^J^JJ^-* emulsion. This is guaranteed 
 to kill the lice in thirty 
 
 minutes after application. 
 
 TO destroy scale bugs, boil 
 one pound of whale oil 
 soap m one-half gallon of 
 water in order to dissolve 
 the soap, and then add water 
 — to make it one-half pound to 
 
 the gallon. It kills all the 
 young scale bugs, and most of the old ones. We 
 throw a very fine spray in order to wet every leaf and 
 branch, using as little water as possible. Use about 
 two gallons of the preparation per tree. 
 
 TO PREVENT RUST/ffO OF ORANGES. 
 
 Place five or six pounds of good new lime and one 
 pound of sulphur m a barrel and add water enough 
 to slake. Then fill up the barrel and let it settle. 
 Strainthrougha coarse gunny sack into another bar- 
 rel, and apply with a spraying pump and nozzle. 
 
 JTJHE pear slug can easily 
 
 ORANGES. 
 
 PEARS. 
 
 Tbe destroyed by spray- 
 ing with Paris green 
 four ounces to 50 gallons 
 of water ,or kerosene emulsion 
 = as soon as it begins oper- 
 
 ations. Pear-leaf mite can be 
 destroyed by spraying with kerosene emulsion. The 
 codling moth and curculio should be treated same as 
 recommended for apple trees, 
 
 PEAR SCAB. 
 
 This is a form of fungus growth. Treatment, spray 
 early in April before the buds have started with a 
 solution of sulphate of copper, one pound to eight or 
 ten gallons of water, then again just before the blos- 
 soms appear, this time using the ammoniacal carbo- 
 nate of copper solution. Two more sprayings at 
 intervals of twelve or fifteen days may be necessary, 
 if the disease is of long standing, 
 
 (ESTROY the aphis with 
 kerosene emulsion and 
 -a fine spray nozzle. The 
 curculio can be de- 
 
 stroyed by spraying with 3 oz. 
 
 ■ Paris green to 40 gallons of 
 
 water. First applications 
 should be made as soon as blossoms have fallen, and 
 repeat at intervals of a week or ten days.' Four appli- 
 cations should be sufScient. Other enemies of the 
 plum will be destroyed by this method, but in all 
 cases be particular to keep the poison and water con- 
 stantly stirred. 
 
 From experiments carried through two seasons we 
 reach, this conclusion: 1st.— That three-fourths of 
 the cherries liable to injury by the plum curculio can 
 be saved by spraying as above. 2d — That enough of 
 the plum crop can be saved by the same treatment to 
 insure a good ^ield. 3d. — That there is no danger to 
 health ttom its use. 4th.— That spraying is the 
 cheapest and most practical method of preyentlng 
 Injuries by these insects. 
 
 PLUMS. 
 
 19 
 
The OntEirio Experiment Station bulletin gives the 
 following advice on fighting the bark louse and pear 
 tree slug : 1. Examine infested trees carefully during 
 May and the beginning of June, and as soon as the 
 tiny lice are seen crawling about, spray the tree with 
 the following kerosene emulsion : one-half pound of 
 hard soap ia one gallon of boiling water; to this add 
 two gallons coal oil, and thoroughly mix. This, on 
 cooling, if well mixed, will form a jelly-like substance. 
 When about to use, add nine parts cold water and 
 spray upon the trees. Thorough mixing can be 
 effected by forcing the mixture through a force pump 
 with a small nozzle until the whole lorms a creamy 
 mass. 2. In the winter and spring scrape off the 
 trunk and larger branches, as many of the scales as 
 possible, and then thoroughly scrub with a scrubbing 
 brush or broom dipped in the following solution : one 
 quart of soft soap, or one-quarter pound hard soap, in 
 two quarts boiling water. To seven parts of this add 
 one part of crude carbolic acid. 3. Soft soap made 
 about as thick as paint by adding a strong solution of 
 washing soda in water. This, applied to the trunk and 
 limbs, improves the vigor of che tree, as well as gets 
 rid of the Dark lice. 
 
 SPRAY THE FRUIT TREES. 
 
 To save apples and pears from the ravages of the 
 codling moth there seems but one thing to be done, 
 and that is to spray Paris green into the blossom 
 before it closes up, and in such quantities that the 
 young worm will he sure to perish the moment it is 
 hatched and begins to eat. When apples and pears 
 are the size of a small pea or buckshot and still stand 
 erect on the stem the calyx is yet well open so that 
 the poison can be sprayed into it. Within a week 
 after that time the blossom end has so closed up that 
 the work cannot be done with any success. The . 
 utmost diligence is therefore necessary to do this 
 work thoroughly, and just at the right time. The 
 Paris green does no good unless it enters the blossom 
 and remains there. All the poison that is deposited 
 on the surface of the fruit is dissipated within a week 
 or two by the sun and wind. Hence there need be no 
 fear whatever of using it freely. 
 
 Many use too little poison for best results. A tea- 
 <>upful (half a pint) to forty gallons of water is not too 
 much; it will not injure the trees— that is, apple and 
 pear, though it will kill peach trees. If a hard rain 
 comes before the calyx is closed, so as to wash out the 
 - poison, the work should be immediately done over 
 again. The only salvation for our apples and pears is 
 to spray thoroughly with Paris green within two 
 weeks after the tree is in full bloom. — California Fraii 
 Orower. 
 
 (New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 
 Report.) 
 
 THE CODLING MOTH AND THE 
 
 PLUM CURCULIO. 
 
 It has been repeatedly proved during the last few 
 years by experiments carefully conducted by ento- 
 mologists, especially those of the Western States, that 
 a very large percentage of the apple and plum crops 
 can be saved fronr the ravages of these insects by the 
 use at the proper time of arsenical poisons. The trees 
 should be sprayed and the fruit at least thoroughly 
 saturated with a solution of London purple, about one- 
 fourth pound of purple to 60 gallons of water. 
 
 This should be done Just after the falling of the 
 blossom of the apple or plum, and should be repeated 
 after ten or twelve days. This will save the bulk of 
 the fruit from becoming wormy. 
 
 THE PEACH TREE APHIS. 
 
 The peach tree aphis, a species of plant lice, has in 
 many mstances seriously injured the peach seedlings 
 in the nursery rows and also one and two-year-old 
 trees in the orchards. It is seldom that they cause 
 serious injury to the older trees. This aphis is a 
 small, dark brown or black, soft-bodied insect, about 
 one twentieth of an inch in length, and has a beak 
 through which it sucks its food. A few of them, the 
 males, are provided with wings, but the greater num- 
 ber are wingless. They feed upon the juice of the 
 tree, and can frequently be found in large numbers 
 upon the under side of the limbs all through the win- 
 
 ter s6asob. As sooh as the tender leaves begin to 
 unfold in the early spring, they concentrate their 
 attacks upon them, and very often entirely destroy 
 the first that appear, thereby greatly injuring the 
 growth of the young trees. 1 have successfully 
 destroyed these plane lice by spraying infected trees 
 with a decoction of tobacco water, made by steeping 
 1 lb of tobacco in 3 gallons of water. The stems of the 
 tobacco may be used for this purpose. The kerosene 
 emulsion has also proved eflfectual. These plant lice 
 are seldom found upon the limbs of the trees in the 
 summer, as they migrate to the roots, where they 
 remain during the hot season, returning to the limbs 
 during the early fall and winter months.— M. H. 
 Beckwith, Delaware Experiment Station. 
 
 PRODUCTIVE SPRAY. 
 
 An Indiana orchardist had a red astrachan nearly 
 twenty years old, which, though blossoming abund- 
 antly, never matured a hatful of good apples. But 
 after spraying with arsenic poison "they were as fine 
 as could be." So the old butter pear, that formerly 
 bore knotty, distorted and worm-mfeeted specimens, 
 was, says the "iV. K. Triiune," by the same simple 
 means, loaded with fine fruit. The following equip- 
 ment was used in this good work : " A force pump, 15 
 ft of 5i-inch rubber pipe and spraying attachment. 
 A 10-foot pole was fastened near the end so as to ele- 
 vate or change the spray as required, and to keep it at 
 a safe distance from the operator. The pump was 
 fitted to an empty kerosene barrel, the supply pipe 
 passing through the bung to nearly the opposite 
 side '-of the barrel, fine wire gauze over the end 
 excluding all coarse substances. This mode is 
 substantially adopted by different spraying pumps. 
 The »,whole was placed on sled and drawn with 
 horse. (A wagon brings the apparatus nearer 
 the top of the tree.) Another hole admits the stirring 
 stick and a replenishing of the contents. The best 
 pumps keep up a constant stirring in using them. A 
 quarter-pound of Paris green is enough for an oil 
 barrel full of water." — Ohio tbrmer. 
 
 (From Orchard and Garden, May, 1889.) 
 The spraying of trees with arsenites is no longer an 
 experiment, but takes its recognized place in the reg- 
 ular routine work of the fruit rarm. we are learning 
 some things that will enable us to do the work in a 
 more thorough and perfect manner, as it comes into 
 general use. Some Instances of bad burning of the 
 foliag^ has taught us that these arsenites must not be 
 applied too strong. One pound of London purple in 
 300 gallons of water will do no injury to the foliage 
 and i^ of sufficient strength to cause death. It has 
 been advised to delay spraying until just after the 
 blossoms have fallen, which is early enough to destroy 
 the codling moth larvee, and does not interfere with 
 the bees, and then to spray agaiu in about ten days. 
 At this season of the year, the subject of Insecticides 
 and treatment of diseases is of Interest to all fruit 
 growers. 
 
 LonisviLLK, Kt., Aug. 7, 1891. 
 FiKLn FoECE Pump Co. 
 
 Oentlemen: — I purchased last spring two of the Victor 
 Improved Spraying Machines, one for my own use, 
 the other for W. Qratz of Middletown. I am author- 
 ized ^ say for my friend that he is well pleased with 
 the n^chine, and that his neighbors are taking great 
 interest in the work it does. For myself I notice 
 plainly the advantages of spraying judiciously and 
 think the time has come when every grower of 
 grapes and other fruits must have his sprayer stand- 
 ing by the side of his other farm machinery. 
 Bespectfully, 
 ■ JACOB SCHUSTER. 
 
 AnoKLAsn, New Zealand, Aug. 5, 1891. 
 FiEin Force Pimp Co. 
 
 Oentlemen: — I am well pleased with the pumps you 
 sent, and have compared them with others obtained 
 from England and Australia, and yours I consider de- 
 cidedly better. I am. Sirs, 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 W. C. BERRIDGE. 
 
 20 
 
Ghknt, N. Y., July 1. 
 Dear Sir : — I have for three years used the field 
 Foree Pump for spraying my fruit trees, and I have 
 found in the destruction of the codling moth and the 
 tent caterpillar that from 90 to 95 per cent, of my fruit 
 is free from defects, and is enhanced nearly double 
 in value. No farmer or fruit grower can afford to 
 allow the worms to destroy his fruit when he can so 
 cheaply save it. I have no interest in the sale of any 
 pump, but am interested in the success of farmers, 
 that they may get the most money out of their crops. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 GEORGE T. POWELL. 
 
 (Farm Journal, October, 1890.) 
 
 MR. COLLINS USES THE FIELD 
 
 FORCE PUMP CO.'S SPRAY- 
 
 ING OUTFIT. 
 
 I 
 
 3,700 baskets of apples were marketed from ,the or- 
 chards of John S. Collins, Moorestown, N. J., during 
 the three weeks ending Aug. 12, 1890. They were 
 sold at good prices, from 25 cents a basket for culls to 
 *1.25 for prime. The varieties were mostly Summer 
 Bough, Hagloe and Parry White. The trees haye 
 been sprayed with a solution of 8 to 12 ounces of Paris 
 green to 100 gallons of water annually for the p^t six 
 years. This year we sprayed directly after the blos- 
 soms fell off, and once about 10 days later. We have 
 heard of several farmers in the same vicinity who 
 raised large crops of fair fruit in 1889, and who attri- 
 bute their success to the Paris green solution. 
 
 Middle Hope, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1889. 
 Field Fobce Pdmp Co., Mb. W. D. Barnes, Agent. 
 
 OenUmten: — Last spring I purchased a Duplex 
 Spraying outfit of your company to spray vines and 
 fruit trees. On apple trees'we used one-quarter of a 
 
 fiound of Paris green in forty-four to forty-seven gal- 
 ons of water; sprayed when in bloom and once after 
 the fruit was formed. The result was satisfactory in 
 quantity and quality of the fruit. The same outfit, 
 except in place of graduating nozzle the Vermorel, 
 attached to the hose, was used to apply the Bordeaux 
 and carbonate of copper formula on grape-vines, 
 which proved to be a great benefit in preventing rot 
 and mildew from injuring either fruit or foliage to any 
 extent. Your machine is durable and does satisfactory 
 work. ~ Truly yours, 
 
 H. A. HOLMES. 
 
 (From the Ohio Farmer, Dec. 21, 1889.) 
 
 CODLING MOTH OR APPLE WORM. 
 
 To the question, " What per cent, of apples was 
 still affected after once spraying ? " answers were re- 
 ceived varying from two to ten per cent. From data 
 given, it would seem that a second spraying would be 
 quite profitable. The spraying machine for individual 
 work most commonly used is the " Perfection," with 
 the graduating spray nozzle. It takes from two to five 
 minutes to spray each tree well, and costs from two to 
 five cents per tree. The estimated gain is from two 
 and one-half to four dollars per tree. Can we not af- 
 ford a few dollars for a spraying apparatus, when we 
 may have perfect, well-matured fruit, instead of the 
 filthy, inferior worm-eaten apple we now use ? 
 G. 0. DAVIS, 
 
 Agricultural College, Mich, 
 
 Banoob, Mich., Jan. 10, 1890. 
 Dear Sir:— I regard spraying apple trees for the de- 
 struction of the codling moth a necessity. I sprayed 
 my orchard last spring and think I never saw so good 
 returns for money Invested. My apples were very 
 free from worms, while my neighbor's were very 
 
 wormy. The pump that I bought of you Is all that 
 can be desired. I am well satisfied with it. It was a 
 Field Force Pump, with spray nozzle. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 H. M. OVERTON. 
 
 Kentucky Aqbicultubal Experiment Station, 
 Lexinoton, Et., Dec, 5, 
 Field Fobcb Pump Co. 
 
 Gentlemen: — We used your Perfection Outfit to 
 spray our experimental orchard of old trees last 
 spring. The pump worked satisfactory. I do not see 
 how a better apparatus could be obtained for spraying 
 trees. The liquid used was one-fourth pound Lon- 
 don purple, mixed in the form of paste, in water, and 
 diluted to 40 gallons. Trees thus sprayed produced 
 apples quite free from the codling moth (wormy 
 apples), while the pest played havoc with our neigh- 
 bors' apples. I think all orchards in Kentucky 
 should be sprayed each spring. We sprayed but once 
 —just when the apples were turning down, — a little 
 too late for the best results. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 M. A. SCOVBLL, 
 
 Director. 
 
 Illinois Hobticultubal Society, 
 Office or Segretaby, Warsaw, III. 
 Oenilemen : — I have used or seen in use a number of 
 force pumps, but know of nothing superior to the 
 Field Perfection Spraying Outfit. The nozzle is ad- 
 justable, and can be made to throw a fine or a coarse 
 spray, while the return hose is very valuable, as it 
 keeps the mixture constantly stirred and removes all 
 danger of scorching the leaves by the too great 
 strength at bottom of barrel. I prefer London pur- 
 ple. It being less dangerous to human life, mixing 
 more evenly in water, and is cheaper than Paris 
 green. I am convinced that 90 per cent, of our apples 
 can be saved from codling moth and canker worm 
 by the use of Field's Perfection Outfit and a few pounds 
 of London purple. 
 
 A. C. HAMMOND, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Ohio AcBicuLTifhAL Expebiment Station. 
 In May spray trees with ^ pound London purple to 
 80 gallons of water. In June, if heavy rains have in- 
 tervened, repeat early in the month the spraying with 
 London purple. No danger need be feared from eat- 
 ing mature apples that were ^poisoned when the size 
 of peas, for chemical analysis has shown that the 
 small amount of poison that lodges upon the fruit is 
 dissipated long before it matures. 
 
 CLARENCE M. WEED, 
 Entomologist, in Bulletin No. 3. 
 
 Mr. Weed further says in his report : " I have used 
 the Perfection Outfit in the orchard and find that it 
 does very satisfactory work." 
 
 Bebwick, Kinss Co., N. S., Dec. 8, 1890. 
 This is to certify that I have used the " Perfection 
 Spray Pump" during the past season and believe 
 that it is fully entitled to its name. I used it with 
 marked success on potatoes for the purpose of de- 
 stroying beetles, not only on my own potatoes but on 
 those of several of my neighbors. So thorough was the 
 work that a simple application of Paris green entirely 
 destroyed the pests without any injury to the potato 
 vines. Farmers need not despair of raising potatoes 
 when a pump, capable of throwing the finest spray, 
 and at the same time keeping the Paris green thor- 
 oughly mixed with the water, can be purchased for 
 the modest sum asked for it. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 L. D. ROBINSON, 
 
 Prin. Berwick Schools. 
 
 21 
 
THE BORDEAUX MIXTURE AND 
 
 POTATO BLIGHT. 
 
 Several Suftscrsfters.— Have experiments during the 
 past year shown that the Bordeaux Mixture is really 
 useful for preventing potato blight? May we expect 
 that this treatment will ever be practical on a large 
 scale, like spraying trees to destroy insects ? Can one 
 combine the Bordeaux Mixture with the arsenites for 
 potato beetles 1 
 
 IT HAS COME TO STAY. 
 
 Our experiments both this year and last strongly in- 
 dicate that the Bordeaux Mixture is decidedly useful 
 for preventing the potato blight. Our crop has not 
 yet been harvested, so I cannot yet give the effect up- 
 on the yield, but appearances indicate that it will Be 
 considerable. If I mayjudge from the two trials thus 
 far made, it seems to me that we may hope for as good 
 results from spraying potatoes as a preventive of 
 blight as from spraying fruit trees for the codling moth 
 and canker worm. The Bordeaux Mixture maybe 
 combined with the arsenites, and applied with them. 
 My trial the past season goes to show that applications 
 for the blight and potato beetle may be made at the 
 same time* and with success for both insects and 
 blight. The lime of the Bordeaux Mixture prevents 
 injury to the foliage by the arsenites. 
 
 Wisconsin Station. E. S. eOFF. 
 
 TO PREVENT CROPS FROM 
 ROTTING. 
 
 Various remedies have from time to time been tried 
 for the rot from which the potato and tomato crops 
 suffer so severely. M. Thieupont, of Brussels, has for 
 some years been experimenting on a cure for the 
 phylloxera, which has so ravaged certain districts in 
 France and Germany as to have thrown the vineyards 
 out of cultivation. M. Thieupont has been most suc- 
 cessful with a mixture of equal weights of sulphate of 
 copper and lime used as a solution in water, and the 
 distinguished chemist gives it as his opinion that this 
 combination is the most efficient one known for both 
 preventing and arresting the disease. His conclusions 
 have been confirmed by experiments made in many 
 countries and with every imaginary variety of soils. 
 
 His now stated that this solution is Just as eflBca- 
 cious for the prevention and cure of rot as of phyllox- 
 era, and the agriculturalists of this country have been 
 recommended to put it to a test. The mixture should 
 be applied before the djgease appears, and always 
 in the early morning, when the dew is on the plants. 
 The application should be repeated in from fifteen to 
 twenty days. The good results obtained by this rem- 
 edy in France, Belgium and Portugal have been so 
 marked that it is now being experimented with by the 
 land commission of Ireland with a view to the preven- 
 tion of potato blight, from which that country has suf- 
 fered so severely,— Afew York Xelegram. 
 
 SPRAYING CHERRIES. 
 
 Ctymttry OenOeman tells that reports from different 
 sources speak favorably of the experiments which 
 have been made in spraying cherries with arsenites. 
 Their early season to ripen and mature makes an 
 early return from the labor ; and their entire smooth 
 surface — not even a calyx cavity — gives them advan- 
 tage of easy washing or all sprayed matter from their 
 glossy surface, by the dash of rains. The fact that the 
 curculio devours exterior matter as well as sucks the 
 juicy interior, is corroborated by the success of spray- 
 ing. It commonly happens that the cherry crop is 
 much thinned by the long rains that occur in many 
 localities while they are in blossom, preventing the 
 action of the pollen ; but this year was an exception, 
 a long continued period of dry and clear weather 
 occurring at that time, and the consequence was that 
 the trees were loaded with fruit, and the heavy crops 
 were well taken care of by spraying. 
 
 71ie Farmers' Beiriew, October 7, 1891.— The value of 
 spraying to protect fruits against disease can be best 
 shown by occasionally reciting an individual experi- 
 ence, says " Northwest Farmer." A grape grower in 
 
 Delaware, having twelve hundred vines, gathered in 
 1888 about 240 pounds of grapes and stems— mostly 
 stems. Then he began to spray, and the following 
 year shipped over 3,000 pounds of fruit; the next year 
 his crop was increased to 8,000 pounds. . This year he 
 reports that he has found five rotten grapes, and ex- 
 pects his crop to equal 12,000 pounds. It would hardly 
 be worth while to tell that man that spraying does not 
 pay. And it will pay equally well in protecting other 
 fruits both from disease and from insect enemies. 
 The fruit grower who expects to reap the best success 
 in the future must regard the spraying machine as 
 part of his regular equipment, and, what is more, he 
 must use it. 
 
 Coswiir, O., Sept. 26, 1891. 
 Gentlemen: — The Perfection Spraying Pump is con- 
 sidered here as the most perfect piece of machinery 
 of the kind ever seen. Besjpectfully, 
 
 GEO. LONGMAN. 
 
 H. F. HiLLENMEYEB, Nurseryman, Lexington, Ky., 
 says: I am much pleased with your Perfection Sprayer, 
 and with the good results from its use. 
 
 F. F, Bbooeb, Elm City, Kans,, says: I used your 
 Perfection in spraying for canker worms, with the 
 best results. 
 
 MoBBis ToMPKiHS, Germantown, N. Y., says: I am 
 much pleased with the Perfection (Fig. 45). I cannot 
 estimate its value for destroying the tent caterpillar 
 alone. 
 
 Pdltniy, N. T., June 24, 1891. 
 FxBLD FoECE Pump Co. 
 
 Gentlemen: — After three days trial in competition 
 with two others, the new Garfield Knapsack Sprayer 
 is pronounced the Kimg. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 G. W. PECK & CO. 
 
 AuSTEBDAM, N. Y., JuUC 5, 1891. 
 
 Field Fobce Pump Co. 
 
 Dear Sirs: — It is perhaps superfiuous to say that both 
 the Empire (Fig. 62) and Knapsack (Fig.60) prove fully 
 equal to your recommendations, and their simplicity 
 of construction seems to render theiraction and dura- 
 bility about all that could be desired. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 W. C. NOONEN. 
 
 State Exfebiment Station, 
 Obeooh Agbioultttbal College, 
 CoBVALLis, Obegon, Aug. 27, 1891. 
 Field Fobce Pump Co. 
 
 Gmilemert: — The Combination Vermorel Nozzle has 
 worked like a charm here this summer, in connection 
 with our Spraying Pump. Please send me two more 
 of the latest style with spring. 
 Respectfully, 
 
 F. L. WASHBURN, Entomologist. 
 
 Faibview Feuit Fabm and Nubsebt, 
 Centbalia, III., June 11, 1891. 
 Gentlemen: — The work of your Improved Victor 
 Spraying Machine surpasses our expectations; it cer- 
 tainly does work almost to perfection. Filling our 
 machine, as we do, from an elevated tank, we can spray 
 2,000 trees per day, and do it easily. The spray made 
 by the nozzles is magnificent and the pump is the best 
 we have ever seen. Yours truly, 
 
 G. H. PERKINE A SON. 
 
 Adel, Iowa, May 19, 1891. 
 Gentlemen:— The "Empire" pump arrived yesterday 
 and we began spraying to-day. The pump works 
 easily and throws a powerful stream. I am well 
 pleased. Yours truly, 
 
 M. J. GRAHAM. 
 
 Isaac Hicks & Son, Nubsbbtues, 
 
 Webtbubt Station, L. I. 
 
 Please'send us, via mail,two Verm orel Nozzles and H" 
 
 Inch hose coupling for the same. The two I received 
 
 from you last year are quite superior to any nozzle we 
 
 are using. Respectfully yours, 
 
 ISAAC J. HIOKS & SON. 
 
 32 
 
DOES IT PAY TO COMBAT PLANT 
 DISEASES BY SPRAYING. 
 
 Spraying for such plant diseases as the leaf-blight 
 of the pear and quinoe, pear and apple scab, the pow- 
 dery mildews, the mildew and rot of the grape, and 
 the rot of the potato will yield a handsome profit, if 
 rightly done, for all labor and money expended. 
 
 Here is an example : Eight applications of the Bor- 
 deaux mixture were made to 203 grape vines to pre- 
 vent rot, at a total cost of $6.51. Value of the product 
 saved by the application, S32.40. Profit, 825.89, or 397 
 per cent. 
 
 Another case is that of a grape-grower in New York 
 who sprayed his vineyard of 8,460 vines seven times. 
 The total cost, including the spraying pump, was 
 $112.52. The yield of grapes was 53,430 pounds, which 
 sold for $2,181.39. Fifty vines left untreated yielded 
 40 pounds, which for the vineyard would make a yield 
 of only 6,700 pounds, and that of inferior fruit. Esti- 
 mated, profits gained by the treatments, $1,800 over 
 and above all expenses. 
 
 Two successive years' treatment with the Bordeaux 
 mixture increased the yield in one case from 1-5 of a 
 pound per vine to 8.47 pounds per vine. 
 
 I could bring before you many such cases, but this 
 is enough for the present purpose. They show that 
 spraying pays a handsome profit.— F. L ausoh-Scsibheb. 
 
 SUCCESSFUL APRICOT AND PLUM 
 CULTURE. 
 
 1st. There are no fruits more delicious than these. 
 
 2d. No other fruit trees are more prolifio in bear- 
 ing. 
 
 3d. No fruit has a more persistent and deadly en- 
 emy than the curculio is to these delicate products. 
 
 4th. Few fruits yield so profitable returns for the 
 space they occupy and labor they require. 
 * 5th. In no fruit culture has the average farmer 
 been more discouraged. 
 
 THE BEMEDT. 
 
 Spraying the trees thoroughly with London purple, 
 one-fourth pound to fifty gallons of water, just as soon 
 as the curculio makes its appearance. Hepeat the 
 operation in a week. 
 
 It may be asked : "Sow does spraying affectthe eurcu- 
 Ho, as it eats neither fmitnor foliage, butpwnctu/res tkeJruM 
 and deposits the egg tJtereinf" We reply that the spray 
 falling on the fruit finds its way into the crescent- 
 shaped incision and is present when the egg is 
 hatched, and the larvce begins.to eat its way to the pit, 
 which It invariably does ; and its first food is the in- 
 secticide, which satisfies its appetite for life, without 
 damage to the fruit, which heals up from the bottom 
 of the wound, and ejects both insecticide and dead 
 larvce, leaving but a mere speck apparent on the skin 
 when the fruit is matured. Try the experiment and 
 watch results. After several years' experience, the 
 Messrs. Moody & Sons, of this city, have found it quite 
 impracticable to dispense with spraying under any cir- 
 cumstances, while as a result they have found it neces- 
 sary to pick off from one-third to one-half of their 
 Slums in order to prevent the trees over-bearing, and 
 ave marketed large crops of plums at remunerative 
 prices each year, having about fifteen thousand plum 
 trees in bearing. 
 
 C. P. GiLiETT, Entomologist, Iowa Experiment Sta- 
 tion, Ames, Ia.,May 26, 1890, says : "I have just finished 
 spraying the College orchard of 1000 trees with the 
 Victor Spraying apparatus, It works admirably. 
 
 KopEE, Wilson Go., 
 Kansas, June 18, 1891. 
 Field Fobce Pump Co. 
 
 Gentlemen:— We have fully tested the Gem of Texas 
 Spraying Outfit, and find it even better than recom- 
 mended. Tours respectfully, 
 
 HENRY PEEMAIN, Sb. 
 
 Sirs:—1 have used the same outfit in my extensive 
 orchards and can heartily endorse all that Mr. Permain 
 has said. Yours sincerely, 
 
 JNO. A. MAGILL. 
 
 Smybha, Del,, June 6, 1891. 
 Dear Sirs: — The money paid for your Spraying 
 Pump is the best investment I ever made. In 1889, 1 
 sold from two acres of vineyard but $7.20 worth of 
 grapes; in 1890, from the same vineyard my sales 
 amounted to f 752.80. It pays to use your pump. 
 EespectfuUy, 
 
 J. E. CARTER. 
 
 Hatch Expebiment Station. 
 Amhxbst, Mass., March 9, 1891. 
 Gentlemen; — We think very favorably of your Per- 
 fection Spraying Pump; the one we bought of you two 
 years ago has given good satisfaction. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 8. T. MAYNARD. 
 
 Obbrlin, Ohio, May 6, 1890. 
 Last fall there was sold from my orchard lOOU 
 bushels of Baldwin apples, at SO cents per bushel, 
 while my neighbors, who did not spray, were unable 
 to sell their fruit on account of its being so wormy 
 and defective. It was estimated that we saved at 
 least $300 by spraying. A good lesson learned. 
 
 ALFRED GILLBTT. 
 
 KiNQSTON, Kings Co., N. S., Nov. 24, 1890. 
 Mb. G. C. Milleb. 
 
 Dear Sir.-— Mr. L. S. Tufts used the "Perfection" 
 Pump in connection with me, and we are very much 
 pleased with the result. It diid not come to hand in 
 time for the caterpillars, but we are satisfied we re- 
 ceived great benefit in the destruction of the codling 
 moth. Instead of the usual large amount of wormy 
 apples, we had hardly enough worth naming. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 A. P. WELTON. 
 
 Daniel K. Peck, Sutphen's Mills, Kansas, says': 
 The sprayers of your manufacture sold last season 
 gave excellent satisfaction. My fruit is 99 per cent, 
 free from worms, while last year it was 76 per cent. 
 wormy. 
 
 Pkof. E. a. Popinoe, of the Kansas Agricultural 
 College, writes: The bearing |trees throughout the 
 college orchard were sprayea in the spring with Lon- 
 don purple; the results confirmed the conclusions 
 drawn from previous tests in the same line, that over 
 seventy-five per cent, of the crop is thus saved from 
 the codling moth larvae. 
 
 EuFOBiA, Fla., Dec. 10. 
 Field Force Pump Co. : , 
 
 Gentlemen:— I used your Improved Victor Horse 
 Power apparatus to apply a sulphur wash on 60 acres 
 of grove, to prevent rust on oranges, going over it four 
 times, once in May, June, July and August. With 
 the help of one man and a boy to drive, and a span of 
 horses, I could thoroughly spray 10 acres of grove per 
 day. The machine worked nicely, and the result is 
 my oranges are entirely bright. I expect to use the 
 apparatus as long as I grow oranges, and cheerfully 
 recommend it to all who desire a machine for apply- 
 ing liquid on fruit trees. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 J L. BEERS, Nurseryman, etc 
 
 23 
 
A FEW POINTERS. 
 
 YO 11 /\ S K ^^y ^^^ when are brass working parts in the pumps better than iron, 
 ' ^^^^ r^<Ji\ -yy-g answer, that brass working parts are not necessary when the 
 insecticides, i. e. Ijondon purple, Paris green, whaleoil soap or the kerosene emulsion, only are 
 to be used ; but when the fungicides or ammoniacal mixtures, such as the Bordeaux mixture, 
 copper carbonate, etc, etc., are to be used then brass is better, as it resists the action of the 
 several acids more successfully than iron. 
 
 lAf C* CI l/^f^FQT That when you desire to carry the spray to an unusual 
 ''* ^ «JVi/Vavac^ l height, instead of trying to force it there, provide yourself 
 with additional hose, or with our extension pipes, shown on page 9 ; these are made of a good 
 quality of brass tubing, with couplings that will attach them to any of our outfits, and will be 
 furnished to our patrons, with couplings, but without nozzles, @ 25 cts. per foot. 
 
 FORMULAS. 
 
 KEROSENE EMULSION. 
 
 In making the kerosene emulsion for spraying trees 
 for lice, be sure and follow the correct method: Dis- 
 solve in 2 qts. of water 1 qt. of soft soap or V lb. of 
 Jiard soap by heating to the boiling point. Then add 
 1 pt. of kerosene oiland stir violently for firom three 
 to five minutes. This may be done by taking a com- 
 mon force pump and putting the end of the hose back 
 into the mixture again. This mixes the oil perma- 
 nently, so that it will never separate, and it may be 
 diluted easily at pleasure. This mixture should be 
 diluted to twice its bulk with water, or about 14 times 
 as much water as kerosene. The kerosene emulsion 
 is successful in destroying cattle lice and sheep ticks, 
 as well as all varieties of plant lice. 
 
 FORMULA FOR BORDEAUX 
 MIXTURE. 
 
 Six pounds of sulphate of copper are dissolved in 
 six gallons of water; in another vessel four pounds of 
 fresh lime are slaked in six gallons of water. After 
 the latter solution has cooled, slowly turn it into the 
 other solution and add ten gallons of water. This, 
 when all is thoroughly mixed and strained, is ready 
 for use. In straining this mixture reject all of the 
 lime sediment, using only the clear liquid; strain the 
 white-wash through a coarse gunny sack, stretched 
 over the head of a barrel. 
 
 SOLUTION OF AMMONIACAL CAR- 
 BONATE OF COPPER. 
 
 Into a vessel having a capacity of about one gallon, 
 pour one quart of ammonia (strength, 20° Baume) ; 
 add three ounces of carbonate of copper; stir rapidly 
 for a moment and the carbonate of copper will dissolve 
 in the ammonia, forming a very clear fiquid. For use 
 dilute to 25 gallons. 
 
 EAU CELESTE, MODIFIED 
 FORMULA. 
 
 Dissolve 4 pounds of copper sulphate in 10 or 12 
 
 gallons of water. Add 3 pints of strong ammonia, 
 ilute to 50 gallons, and add 6 pounds of common 
 washing soda. Stir thoreughly and the solution is 
 ready for use. This may be used in place of the two 
 mixtures mentioned above, but no special advantage 
 is claimed for it over either of (he others. 
 
 The Gobn£ll Uhivebsity, 
 
 GOLLEOE OF AQBIOULTUBE. 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1891. 
 Sirs.' — I recommend carbonate of copper for grape 
 diseases instead of Bordeaux mixture, because it is 
 much more easy to prepare and handle, and it is also 
 cheaper. There are two or three good formulas. I 
 usually dissolve 3 oz. of carbonate m a quart of am- 
 monia and dilute to about 26 gallons. Another good 
 
 formula is 5 oz. of carbonate in 3 pts. of strongest am. 
 monia, and dilute to SOgallons. 
 
 Tours truly, 
 
 L. H. BAILEY, 
 Professor of Horticulture. 
 
 (From The Journal of Mycology, Washington, D. C. 
 
 1891.) 
 * * * The cheapest and most effectual remedy 
 for black rot and downy mildew, taking everything 
 into consideration, is the ammoniacal solution of 
 copper carbonate. Next to this, a mixed treatment 
 consisting of two or three early sprayings of Bordeaux 
 mixture and the same number of late treatments with 
 ammoniacal solution. 
 
 NO DANGER WHATEVER. 
 
 Kotonly hundreds,butthousandsof tons of mineral 
 poisons have been employed during the past decade 
 by farmers throughout the country, whether to protect 
 the potato crop, or the cotton crop, or other products 
 of the soil ^om the ruinous attacks of insects. The 
 general experience during this long period and over 
 the whole country is so emphatically in favor of their 
 use, and their perfect safety and harmlessness, with 
 ordinary precautions, as to render almost laughable 
 the abjections of the few persons who object to them. 
 No advancement, no improvement^ no general benefit 
 to the human race is ever aooomplished without some 
 attendant danger, and those who inveigh against such 
 improvements as increasing the risks of life stand on 
 the same footing as the opponents to arsenical poisons 
 as insecticides. — Report or United States Entomolog- 
 ical Commission. 
 
 (New York Weekly Tribune, Nov. 4, 1891.) 
 
 BT P&0FES60B A. J. COOK. 
 
 LIME WITH THE ARSENITES. 
 
 Use of thearsenites — London purple and Paris green 
 — ^to protect apples is becoming very common. We 
 should never use these poisons stronger tiian 1 lb. to 
 20O gallons of water ; that strength is always sufficient 
 to accomplish the purpose. If weaker than this, we 
 do not always reap full benefit. Last year Professor 
 Gillette found that by the use of lime with these sub- 
 stances the soluble arsenic was changed into an in- 
 valuable compound, and then the foliage was not in- 
 jured. The same has been proved true at the Michi- 
 gan station. We experimented on all our fruit trees, 
 even the tender peach, and the lime in every case 
 prevented all injury. We tried several applications at 
 intervals often days on some plants, and no barm re- 
 sulted. We see, then, that, by use of Bordeaux mixture 
 or limewater, instead of pure water, we can entirely 
 prevent injury to foliage by the arsenltes. The lime- 
 water should be formed by putting from 1 lb. to 4 lb. of 
 thoroughly slaked lime into 100 gals, of water. If we 
 wish to use an insecticide and a fungicide at the same 
 time, then we may add 1 lb. London purple to 100 gals, 
 of Bordeaux mixture. In every case the lime must be 
 carefully and thoroughly soaked, or that will kill the 
 foliage, 
 
 24 
 
SPRAYING PUMPS 
 
 NOZZLES 
 
 -AND- 
 
 MACHINES • 
 
 Field Force Pump Co. 
 
 LOCKPORT, N. Y. 
 
 U. S. A.