ALEXANDER HIXCLAIR. Cornell University Library PR1181.B91 1875 V.I* Ancient ballads and songs of the North o 3 19?4 ni3 290 311 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013290311 ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. €w6;.Mija,S,l,S,&r, ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS OF THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND, HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED^ WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES, PETER BUCK AN, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. " The aiicieni spirit is ?wt dead^ — Old titnes, we trust, are living- here." Jlfprintct) from tht ©fiflinal CSiition of 1828. VOL. I. EDINBURGH: WILLIAM PATERSON. 1875- which no man, who believes anything in revealed religion, can call in question ; for the Holy Scriptures, in several places, forbids us to have recourse to magicians ; and mentions those made use of by Pharaoh and Manasses ; of the witch of Eudor, consulted by Saul ; of Simon and Bar- Jesu, magicians ; and of a woman who had a familiar spirit dispossessed by Saint Paul ; all mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles. The councils likewise excommunicate magicians, and the Holy Pathers mention them upon occasion : neither is the civil law wanting in penal provisions against them . there is likewise a statute in the beginning of the reign of King James I. which makes witchcraft felony. — Thier's Treatise of Superstitions, CHILDE OWLET. Page 27. Lady Erskine appears to have been a daughter of one of the Earls of Marr, who disdained to take the title of her husband 286 SONGS AND BALLADS. as being below her degree. Although he is here called a Lord, it does not always prove that those were Lords of Parliament, or noblemen, who were called so, but merely given as a title of courtesy. It is quite a common thing for a lady who wishes to honour her husband, to call him lord. Sarah called Abraham lord, and was accounted a worthy woman for so doing. Childe Owlet was an illegitimate son of Lord Ronald's sister, who had been brought up in the house of his uncle, under a fictitious name ; but, like another Joseph, chose rather to suffer death than be ungrateful to his guardian, or dishonour his preserver's bed. THE BENT SAE BROWN. Page 30. Love, says the preacher, is as strong as death. Our old poesy is fraught with tales of wonder, as well as delight. The love which is displayed by the lady in this ballad is passing human comprehension. It is the strongest passion, and one which betrays reason and reflection, and to whose shrine almost all have been made to bow. A few centuries ago, love signified an invincible inclination, as may be seen by the present ballad. It has, however, in the present case, another meaning. What lady in this enlightened age of refinement and morals, would sacrifice the life of three brothers, and incur the deadly hate of a fond father and an indulgent mother, for the gratification of saving the life of a knightly gallant, as here depicted? The stratagem which the old woman falls upon for the punishment of the young knight, proves abortive. The king, to whom she made her complaint, was much better pleased with the artless simplicity of the daughter's statement of the murder, who had also gone to the king to crave pardon for her lover's manslaughter, as it may be termed, being in self-defence. From her familiarity with the sovereign, I am led to suppose she had been a woman of high degree ; for we are informed, she took him in her arms, and kissed him cheek and chin. NOTES. 287 LEESOME BRAND. Page 38. I am quite unprepared to say where that laud is " where winds never blow, nor cocks ever crow," unless I make it Fairyland. In fact, the tenor of the whole ballad authorizes me to think it so. It would also seem that Leesome Brand's mother had been an old enchantress ; for, by three drops of Saint Paul's blood, which she had kept in a gray horn, be- neath her head, she restored to life his wife and child. CLERK TAMAS. Page 43. This ballad bears all the characteristics of antiquity. It seems rather of a romantic kind, although in many places allegorical. THE QUEEN OE SCOTLAND. Page 45. Whether this ballad alludes to Mary queen of Scotland's illicit amours, which were so notorious, I leave my readers to judge. It is evident, however, like the wife of Potiphar, she contrived the death of this chaste young man, who acted a more honourable part than defile the bed of his royal master. The young woman, by whose instrumentality his Kfe had been prolonged, he married, as a proof of his gratitude : and Providence, willing to encourage such virtuous actions, healed the wound the serpent had made. THE EARL OF MAR'S DAUGHTER. Page 48. In the oriental courts of the ancients, magic was a favourite study, and formed part of the education of their nobles, which they brought to great perfection ; I mean to such perfection as this science is capable of being brought by human means. Till within these few years past, a belief in magic and witch- craft was cherished, not only by the ignorant but the learned VOL. I. U 288 BALLADS AND SONGS. in our own country. In Toledo, Seville, and Salamanca, and in various parts of Italy, there were public schools, where magic was taught. At one period, it was customary for the noblemen and gentlemen of Scotland to finish their education by making what was called the tour of Europe, and attending for a short period one of those eastern seminaries of darkness. Transformations were common in the days of Ovid ; men were metamorphosed into birds, beasts, fishes, woods, and water. The Arabian, Tartarian, Eastern, and Fairy Tales, furnish us with abundance of instances of this kind, charms having been used for the purpose. Scotland, till of late, had her witches, her warlocks, her fairies, her brownies, and a hundred more supernatural and midnight visitors, who were capable of rid- ing through the air on broomsticks, or crossing the raging ocean in egg-shells, or sieves, as happens, which may be seen at full length in Satan's Invisible World Discovered. The Earl of Gowrie was said to be a staunch advocate for charms, amiilets, and Homerioal medicines, as mentioned in the Gowrie Conspiracy. "When he, i.e., Earl Gowrie, went to Padua, there he studied Necromancy : his own pedagogue master Ehind testifies, that he had these characters aye upon him, which he loved so, that if he had forgot to put them in his breeches, he would run up and down like a madman, and he had them upon him when he was slain ; and as they testify that saw it, he could not bleed so long as they were upon him." Many are the instances, even to this day, of charms practised among the vulgar, especially in the Highlands, attended with forms of prayer. This ballad has the highest claim to antiquity. The learned Lord Hailes says, the title of Marr is one of the earldoms whose origin is lost in its antiquity ; it would therefore be vain for me to ascribe the date of the ballad to any precise period. THE DEATH OF LORD WAERISTON, Page 55. In another note, I have endeavoured to shew, that the title of lord is sometimes conferred on the proprietor of a small NOTES. 289 estate. In the present case, I have seen two different ballads, one published by Mr Jamieson, vol. i. p. 109 of his Popular Ballads ; another by Mr Kinloch, p. 49 of his Ancient Scottish Ballads ; — in both he is called the Laird of Warieston. The copy given here is the completest of the three, and changes the cause of the melancholy catastrophe altogether. The baUad, as most of our ancient Scottish ballads ai-e, is founded on fact, and is very old, as may be seen by consulting pirrel's Diary, pages, 49 and 61, from which the following extracts are given : — ■ " 1600, July 2.— The same 2 day, K;inkaid of Wariston, murderet be his awia wyff and servant man, and her nurische being also upon the conspiracy. The said gentilwoman being apprehendit, scho was tane to the Girth crosse upon the 5 day of Julii, and her heid struck fra her bodie at the Cannagait fit, quha diet verie patiently. Her nurische was brunt at the same time, at 4 houris in the morneing, the 5 of Julii. " The 16 of Junii (1603) Robert Weir broken on ane cart wheel with ane coulter of ane pleuch, in the hand of the hang- man, for murdering the gudeman of Warriston, quhilk he did 2 Julii 1600." I also give the following excerpt from an old MS. of curious Trials of the Court of Justiciary, as it differs somewhat from the account given of this diabolical murder in Birrel's Diary, as stated above. " 1604, June 26. — ^William Weir delayiet of art and part of the cruel murder of John Kincaid of Warrieston, in anno 1600. The part of this barbarous murder is this ; — Jean Liuiugston, spouse to the said John Kincaid, having conceived a deadly hatred towards her husband for alledged maletreatment, did send Janet Murdo, her nurse, to the said William Weir, and implored him to murder her husband ; who accordingly was brought to Warrieston, and about midnight they came into the room where he was lying in bed, and being wakened with the noice, called to him, whereupon, the said Weir, running to him, and with a severe stroke with his hand, struck him on the wein organ, and thereby he fell out of his bed on the floor. 290 BALLADS AND SONGS. whereupon Weir struck him on the belly with his feet, and thereafter gripped him by the throat, and held him till he strangled him to death. " It does not appear how proved, nor if the lady and nurse were tried, but the Jury having found him guilty, he was sentenced to be broken alive on the row, or wheel, and be exposed thereon for twenty-four hours ; and thereafter the said row, with the body on it, to be placed between Leith and Warrieston, till orders be given to bum the body." EAKL CKAWFORD. Page 60. Lindsay, one of the Earls of Crawford, having married a daughter of of Stobhall in Aberdeenshire, unwittingly took as an affront, a jesting word this lady said regarding her son. The story of the lady's fatality, is told by herself, in very pathetic strains. The ballad concludes with the death of both. Those of the surname of Lindsay, at one period, were very numerous in Scotland, having spread into numerous branches. The name was derived from the manor of Lindsay in Essex, and consequently of English origin. ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLIE. Page 66. A ballad of this name, but considerably different from the present, appeared in ^he Border Minstrelsy, vol. ii. p. 444. The editor of that esteemed work, thinks it may have origin- ally related to the history of the celebrated Eobin Hood. The hero of this piece is of Scottish extraction, and conse- quently not the same personage. The place from whence these ladies made their escape, as narrated in the ballad, was Anster town, in the county of Fife. BURD ISBEL AND SIR PATRICK. Page 75. It is not an uncommon thing, even in the present day, NOTES. 291 to find a person wlio will tnis-swear himself to half-a-dozen of young women in a year ; particularly to those whom they consider in a state incapable of retaliating, as was the case with Burd Isbel. None but those destitute of every sense of honour would be guilty of such injustice to a young and unprotected female, who rather merits their kindest sym- pathy. The last verse of this ballad would cause the reader to think the forsaken maid had the power of ana- thematizing her mis-swom knight, for the selling of his precious soul. CHARLIE M'PHEESON. Page 84. Under the feudal law, a Highland chieftain was invested with more power and authority than many democratic king, and made use of it according to the strength of his clan, and his own arbitrary or tyrannical disposition. To rob and despoil parents of their only daughter, "on whom they looked for comfort in their declining years, and carry her off, they knew not whither, was not one of the worst actions of which some of them were guilty ; but, like the Romish Inquisition, no one durst say it was wrong which they had done, unless their strength and power were such as to be able to overcome them in battle. Charles M'Pheraon was one of that Highland clan, commonly called the Clan-Cattan, famed for antiquity and valour. They draw their original from the Chatti, or Catti, the ancient inhabitants of Hessia and Thuringia in Germany, whence they were expelled by the Hermondures, with the assistance of the Romans, in the reign of the Emperor Tiberius. Cattorum Castellum, one of the Landgrave of Hesse's palaces, and Cattorum Melibaeci, or Catzenellebogen, which is one of the family's titles, do still preserve the memory of the ancient Catti ; who being forced to leave their country, came lower down upon the Rhine into Battavia, now Holland, where Catwick still bears their name ; thence 292 BALLADS AND SONGS. a colony of them came into Scotland, and landing in the north of that kingdom, were kindly received by the king of Scots, who gave them that part of the country where they landed, which from them was called Caithness, i. e., the Cattie's corner ; being settled here, they did many eminent services against the Picts, and other enemies of the Scots, till the time of King Alphinus, when the chief of the Catti, called Gilly Cattan Moir, i. e., the Great, for his extra- ordinary conduct and valour, being married to a sister of Brudus, king of the Picts, he was in a strait how to behave himself betwixt both kings, who, in a, Utile time after, fell out, and as the expedient, resolves upon a neutrality. In the reign of Kennethua II. , who also had war with the Picts, this Gilly Cattan Moir, amongst others of the Scotch nobility, was summoned to attend the king's standard, he excused himself, by reason of his age ; but to evidence his loyalty, though allied to the Picts, he sent one of his sons, with half of his clan, to join the Scots, which did not a little contribute to that fatal blow, which issued in the utter ruin of the Picts. Most of the Clan Chattan, with their valiant leader, falling in the battle, the old man died of grief, and the re- maining part were, by the advice of their enemies, pro- secuted as favourers of the Picts, expelled Caithness, and, with much ado, obtained leave to settle in Lochaber, where they remain to this day. There are many other Highland families, whose name begins with M' or M'Mac, which signifies the son of such a man, who being eminent for some great thing, his posterity chose his name, or surname, as the M 'Leans, M'Intoshes, &c. CHARLES GRiEMB. Page 87. There seems to be a very great inconsistency manifested throughout the whole of this ballad in the lady's behaviour towards the ghost of her departed lover. Perhaps she ■wished to sit and sigh alone, undisturbed vrith visits from NOTES. 293 the inhabitants of the grave. On her first outset, she was to sit and harp on his grave a twelvemonth and a day ; but after the first night, we hear no more of her harping. THE COURTEOUS KNIGHT. Page 89. A ballad similar in incident, but greatly deficient in narra- tive, under the title of "Proud Lady Margaret," is printed in the 2d vol. p. 250^ of the Border Minstrelsy. SWEET "WILLIE AND FAIR MAISRY. Page 95. Mr Pinlay, in the note to " Sweet Willie,'' a mutilated copy, in his Collection, vol. ii. p. 61, says, — " This ballad has had the misfortune, in common with many others, of being much mutilated by reciters. I have endeavoured, by the assistance of some fragments, to make it as complete as possible. '' Mr Finlay has, however, for all his painful in- dustry, come far short of completing or perfecting the ballad, as may be seen by comparing it with this copy, which, I think, is the only genuine one yet published. In the 139th page of the " Minstrelsy Ancient and Modern," edited by my worthy friend, William Motherwell, Esq., I find another version of this ballad, considerably different from this one, under the title of " Fair Janet ; " taken, as he says, from a " Ballad Book," edited by Mr Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, and enlarged by three stanzas from the ballads of " WiUie and Annet "and "Sweet Willie." The copy I have here given is, like all the others in this Collection, indebted to no printed copy whatever. YOUNG PRINCE JAMES. Page 101. An imperfect ballad, under the name of " Lady Maisry," is given in Mr Jamieson's Collection, vol. i. p. 73, without note or comment, and has subsequently appeared in Gilchrist's 234 BALLADS AND SONGS. Collection, and the Minstrelsy Ancient and Modem, in the same state. The catastrophe is somewhat similar to that of Young Prince James. Instead of Lord William, as in Mr Jamieson's copy, we are informed, the hero of the piece was young Prince James ; and may have been James Stewart, afterwards king of Scotland, who was at that time a prisoner in England, but had come to Scotland in the disguise of an English Baron. BEOWN KOBYN'S CONFESSION. Page 108. This ballad has probably been written by one of the Bene- dictine Monks, who settled in England in the year 596, in the dark ages of Roman Catholic superstition, to enforce upon his silly-minded hearers the real, or pretended advan- tages arising from auricular confession. Surely none of my readers are so grossly ignorant as to be made to believe, that the mere confession of a crime, particularly that of ineest, and of such hideous magnitude as the one here narrated, would entitle any one to a pardon of the ssime. THE THREE BROTHERS. Page 109. In my weary, though pleasant researches among the inhabi- tants of the straw- thatched cottages that abound in Aberdeen- shire, I have found two different copies of this ballad, both of which differ from the two given by Sir Walter Scott, under the titles of "Archie of Ca'field, and Jock o' the Side." One of the two recovered by me, I sent to the editor of Miastrelsy Ancient and Modern, where it was printed, under the title of " Billie Archie, " in the 335th page of that very valuable work. There is a quaintness, a cunning, a bravery, and a degree of honour displayed in this ballad, which the reader will admire. The cowardice of little Dick, and the spirited manliness of Johnny Ha, at the s^vimming of Annan water, are finely contrasted. We may suppose this ballad to have NOTES. 295 been ■written about the year 1597, as at that time Johnny Ha, alias John Hall of Newbigging, is mentioned in the list of clans who infested the Border. THE MAID AND FAIKY. Page 114. This is one of the many beautiful legendary chants that are to be found in the nursery, which are said and sung to amuse fretful children. The Genii, or Spirit, that presides over the "Wells sae Weary," is often introduced by the ancients in their tales and songs of wonder and delight. It was with wells, as it was with churches, in the darkened ages of superstition ; every well had its name and tutelar deity, to which it was dedicated, and offerings made, as it was sup- posed such gave the waters those balsamic and healing qualities for which many of them were so much renowned. These wells were held in the greatest veneration by those who frequented them, and often the place where lovers met to pledge their faith and troth. This charming little piece is undoubtedly very old, as a stanza of one of a similar aspect appears in the Complaynt of Scotland, p. 234. The subject is as follows : — An old woman and her daughter lived in a remote part of the country, far from the haunts of busy men ; when, it so happened, one wintry night, that the maid was sent to the " Well sae Weary " for two jars of water. With much reluctance she went, having, as she said, gone fre- quently before, and found nothing but mud ia a puddle. The old woman, however, was not to be put off with such silly excuses, but, in a harsher tone of voice, and more per- emptorily, commanded her daughter to go that instant. The order was imperative, so she complied with reluctance. When at the well, mumbling some anathematizing language against her mother, the Spirit of the Well appeared, who proffered his assistance in finding pure water for her, provided she would admit him into her dwelling when night was farer ad- vanced. She did so, came home with her water, and met with a gruff reception from her mother. Shortly after 296 SONGS AND BALLADS. appeared the Genii at the door, singing the first four lines of the song, and was admitted. In the second four lines, he craves, as his due, the oastick, or stem, having had coleworts for their supper, a dish common to the peasantry of Scotland. In the third four lines, he asks his brose, (oatmeal, and the decoction of the coleworts stirred together ;) in the fourth four lines, he requests the kale ; and in the fifth four lines, he petitions the maid to lay him down in a bed, putting her in mind, at the same time, of the favour he had done her at the Well sae Weary. The old woman, who, ere now, had been a silent spectator to all that was passing, got enraged, and commanded her daughter to throw him out of the house, which was instantly done. The sixth and last four lines conclude the piece with his prayers or malison for her woe, and an opportunity of having her again in his power at the Wells sae Weary. YOUNG HUNTING. Page 116. Fragments of this enchanting ballad have been printed in various collections, under a variety of titles. In Wother- spoou's Collection, vol. i. p. 148, are to be found seven mutilated verses ; and in Lawrie and Symington's Collection, vol. i. p. 184, are five verses, all of which make the hero of the piece Earl Richard. Sir Walter Scott has also given two ballads in the 2d volume of the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border under the titles of "Lord William,'' and "Earl Eichard," which are much like Young Hunting in detail. Sir Walter supposes the one to have been derived from the other. In his note to Earl Richard, he says, "There are two ballads in Mr Herd's MSS. upon the following story, in one of which the unfortunate knight is termed "Young Huntin." In Mr Kinloch's Scottish Ballads, is one under the name of "Young Redin;" but he is of opinion that it differs essentially, both in incident and detail, from either Lord William or Earl Richard. I am, however, inclined to think, its author has been indebted to Young Hunting for his NOTES. 297 plot. Young Hunting, though last on the stage of public criticism, is not the least in poetical merit ; — it is superior to all those which have preceded it, and now for the first time printed in a complete and perfect state, with beauties that are not to be found in any of the other fragments. BLANCHEPLOUE, AND JELLYPLOEICE. Page 122. There is a very old romance of this name, from which I suspect some less inspired poetaster than its real author, has taken the present ballad, modelled it in his old mould, and modernized it to suit the climate of his own times. A young woman who had wearied in the employment of her former mistress, goes to better her fortune, in pursuit of new adven- tures ; when she arrived at the palace of a queen, where she was admitted, but warned to beware of the queen's son. She, however, soon forgot her mistress's advice, and grew fond of the young prince, and admitted him to make love and pay his addresses to her, which gave great oflfence to the queen, who ordered her to undergo a severe punishment : but from this she was soon released, and married by the prince. LADY ISABEL. Page 126. Some stepmothers prove the bane of bitterness to their husband's former offspring, when they have it in their power. Every trifling thing is an excuse for their cruelty. The gowns which were sent to Lady Isabel from her lover beyond seas, were made a plea for her stepmother to wreak her vengeance upon. In short, every thing militates against the young and the fair ; and she gave her poison to drink, under the mask of friendship, although not unknown to the young lady. From the circumstance of Lady Isabel's mother ap- pearing to her in the quire of Mary's Kirk, we may suppose the ancients had an idea that the souls of the departed knew, and were conversant with the affairs of the world which they 2f8 BALLADS AND SONGS. had left. Indeed, almost all their writings sanction this belief. GIGHT'S LADY. Page 130. Like many of our best ballads, "Gight's Lady," or, as in another edition of it, — "Geordie," it has suffered great y in the hands of ballad collectors. In fact, all the other editions of this ballad I have met with, have been deprived of their original beauty and catastrophe, by the too officious, and sacrilegious hands of our wise-headed modem reciters and interpolaters. It came first through the hands of Bums, who sent it to " Johnston's Museum," where it first appeared in an incomplete state. Qualified as Bums was to make new ones, he has in many instances, been very unsuccessful in mending old ; and I much fear this one has not been much improved : for, as the link-boy said to Pope the poet, who was a crooked mis-shapen creature, when he prayed to God to mend him, that it would be much easier for God to make two new ones, than to mend him. This ballad, which is now for the first time published complete, is quite at variance with all its printed predecessors. Mr Cunningham says, — ■ " The genuine old song relates to some forgotten feud between the powerful Gordons and Hays." This is quite incorrect ; as Mr 0. could never have seen the genuine old song of which he speaks, or he would at once have perceived it had no reference or connection whatever with the feud that once existed between the Earls of Huntly and Errol, as mentioned at full length by Gordon, in his History of the Gordons. The genuine old ballad was composed upon quite another incident, and recounts an affair which actually took place in the reign or rather minority of King James VI. Sir George Gordon of Gight, had become too familiar with the laird of Bignet's lady, for which the former was imprisoned, and likely to lose his life ; but for the timely interference of Lady Anne, his lawful spouse, who came to Edinburgh to plead his cause, which she did with success, — gained his life, and was NOTES. 299 rewarded witt the loss of her own, by the hand of her un- grateful husband. William Gordon, who writes the history of his own name, in order to palliate as much as possible every act of the Gordons, says, that Sir George Gordon of Gight went over to France, either for recreation, or to eschew the exorbitant authority of the regent, who was a violent enemy, not only to him, but to all the name of Gordon." This seems to be a very plausible way of warding off the dis- grace of a murder, but it will not do.— He fled to save his life for the murder of his lady. Any one will see what puerile and indefinite reasons Gordon gives for his client's going abroad. In fact, he is not certain of the cause himself ; for it will be observed, he says, — "either for recreation, or to eschew the exorbitant authority of the regent, "&c. Mr Ritson gives a version of this ballad, different from all the others, composed in 1610. THE DROWNED LOVERS. '' Page 137. A fragment of this ballad, under the name of " Willie and May Margaret," appeared in Mr Jamieson's Collection, vol. i. p. 135, where he says, " it was taken from the recitation of Mrs Brown of Falkland." I have now, for the first time, given it in a complete state, which exhibits those tragical ends, which are so consistent with the wrath and malice of an enraged mother. The unfortunate visit was fatal to both lovers ; for, like Lord Gregory's mother, the maid's mother betrayed both, which ended in their being consigned to a watery grave. — The piece, on the whole, is beautifully pathetic. EARL RICHARD'S DAUGHTER. Page 142. This ballad I have never seen before in any shape or dress. It narrates the daughter of a wealthy Earl falling in love with her kitchen boy, whom she sent to sea in a ship of her own contriving. From his being closely besieged by a 300 BALLADS AND SONGS. Spanish lady of rank and fortune, to tender Ms love to her, we may reasonably suppose he possessed that enchanting air and mien which are so often the inroads to a female heart. He, however, kept his integrity and vows inviolate, till he arrived in his own country, where he was hailed by Earl Richard as a personage of rank, and introduced as such to his daughter ; when, under a mask, he delivered unto her the ring that he had received at their parting. After having witnessed the tender emotions which filled her heart, and a few fits of that mania which love engenders, he pulled off the mask, and made himself known. He was afterwards married to the lady, and nine months after brought ViJTn a son and heir. — The Earl Richard, the lady's father, is said to have been one of the Earls of Wemyss. There is such a striking and visible coincidence between this ballad and Hynd Horn, that I am apt to think they are coeval. WILLIE AND LADY MAISRY. Page 151. This beautifully pathetic ballad will pave the way for the reception of Clerk Sandy, to which it bears a great resem- blance. It is indeed one of that class of ballads which glistens the eyes of a, nervous reader on its perusal. Although Willie had been made to perform one of those deeds which would stagger the belief even of the most ancient and enthusiastic admirers of chivalry ; he is kept free from that disgusting ribaldry of nonsense which is often made to ac- company valorous actions in some of our old ballads. His fate every one wiU deplore ; for, although he had killed his lover's brother, and thirty -two of her father's guards, it was only in self-defence. An imperfect copy of a ballad, on a similar subject, is to be found in the Minstrelsy Ancient and Modern, p. 370, taken down, as the editor says, "from the recitation of a lady far advanced in years." NOTES. SOI CLERK SANDY. Page 156. This ballad is one of the many that have undergone a trans- mutation, from its being handed down by oral tradition. As language and manners change, so does the voice of song ; every reciter considering himself warranted to substitute that which he knows to be no part of the work, to supply deficiencies. In many cases, that romantic age of chivalry is gone. The young knight does not now go in search of perilous adventures at tilts and tournaments, to make him- self acceptable to hia fair enslaver. Honour, at one time, was the watch-word, but now seduction, Oh I how are the mighty fallen ! — Sir Walter Scott and Mr Jamieson have each preserved a copy in their several Collections, but both differ from this one. Sir Walter's copy oonchides with the live last verses of " William's Ghost," published by Wother- spoon, vol. i. p. 76. Mr Jamieson's copy is still more anti- quated, but also composed of shreds and patches. In Mr J. 's copy, the hero is called an Earl's son ; the heroine, a king's daughter. WILLIE AND FAIR BURD ANN. Page 163. This ballad recounts the love that existed between a faith- ful pair : — what the lady gave her lover to begin his fortune ; — how he returned to the house of her parents after he had traded, and likely gained another hundred pounds, and stole away his betrothed bride in a misty night ; of their dis- appointments at shipping, and faithfulness to each other during their separation. THE ENCHANTED RING. Page 164. This ballad, like many of its predecessors, is founded on the visionary belief of a supernatural agency in a piece of 302 'BALLADS AND SONGS. gold and pebble. Such an opinion had long presided over the minds of the ancients, not only of the ignorant, but of 'the learned. Reginald Soot, in his Discovery of Witchcraft, gives a catalogue of " the vertues and qualities of sundrie pretious stones," &c., of which the following ia a part : — " The excellent vertues and qualities of stones found, con- ceived, and tried by this art, is wonderfuU. Howbeit many things most false and fabulous are added vnto their true effects, wherewith I thought good in part to trie the readers patience and cunning withal. Aggat (they sale) hath vertue against the bitting of scorpions or serpents. It is written that it maketh a man eloquent, and procureth the fauour of princes ; yea, that the fume thereof dooth tume awaie tempests. Alectorious is a stone about the bignesse of a beane, as cleere as the christall, taken out of a cocks bellie which hath beene gelt or made a capon foure yeares. If it be held in ones mouth, it asswageth thirst, it maketh the husband to loue the wife, and the bearer inuincible : for heereby Milo was said to ouercome his enemies. A craw- pocke deliuereth from prison. Chelidonius is a stone taken out of a swallowe, which cureth melanchoHe ; howbeit, some authors sale, it is the hearbe whereby the swallowes recouer the sight of their young, even if their eies be picked out with an instrument. Geranities is taken out of a crane, and draconites out of a dragon. But it is to be noted, that such stones must be taken out of the bellies of the serpents, beasts, or birds , (wherein they are) whiles they live ; otherwise, they vanish awaie with the life, and so they reteine the vertues of those starres vnder which they are. Amethysus maketh a droonken mail sober, and refreshed the wit. The coral preserueth such as beare it from facination or bewitch- ing, and in this respect they are hanged about children's necks." He goes on to enumerate, I know not how many more, which would but weary the patience of a sceptical reader, and cause him think his time but mis-spent in the perusal of such jargon. NOTES. 30 BROOM 0' THE COWDENKNOWES. Page 167. This beautiful old pastoral has been repeatedly published in mutilated parts ; every editor giving his copy of it as the original. The very ashes of the dead, and all those who have gone before, have been harrowed up, and the spirits of departed antiquarians conjured from their rest by the poet- ical magician, to supply imaginary breaches. I have also contributed my mite to gratify the lovers of ancient song, by an edition, which, though last in publication, I hope is not least in poetical merit, among those that have already pleased so much. Like the hero of many of the other ballads, this one has been localized by different reciters, to suit their caprice or vanity, in ascribing to him the sovereignty of the places where they reside, as every person wishes to immorta- lize the place of his nativity or residence. PKOUD MAITLAND. Page 175. 'Whether this great personage be meant for Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington, a descendant of Auld Maitland's, of which so much has been said and sung ; or Chancellor Mait- land, who made so much noise in the time of King James VI. , I am not quite certain. "We have already seen one in- stance," says Sir Walter Scott, in- his note to "Auld Mait- land;" " and in an elegant copy of verses in the Maitland MSS., in praise of Sir Richard's seat of Lethington, which he had built, or greatly improved, this obvious topic of flattery does not escape the poet. From the terms of his panegyric we learn, that the exploits of Auld Sir Richard with the grey beard, and of his three sons, were ' sung in many far countrie, albeit in rural rhyme ; ' from which we may infer, that they were narrated rather in the shape of a popular ballad, than a romance of price. If this be the case, the song now published may have undergone little variation since the date of the Maitland MSS. ; for, divesting the poem, in praise of Leth- VOL. I. X 304 BALLADS AND SONGS. ington, of its antique spelling, it would run as smoothly, and appear as modern, as any verse in the following ballad. The lines alluded to, are addressed to the castle of Lethington." This is the first and only time I have ever seen this ballad, either MS. or printed. LOED DARLINGTON. Page 178. In Joseph Eitsou's Northumbrian Ballads, there is one called " Fair Mabel of Wallington," which has some simi- larity to the present. The young ladies, according to Calvin's doctrine, had been predestinated ere they were born to die in child-bed, and that nothing could have saved them, as the decree had once gone forth. The unfortunate lady, the last of the sisters, was of the house of Seaton, Aberdeenshire. BLUE FLOWERS AND YELLOW. Page 181. It may be said of Willie, as was said of Sir James the Rose, that, — " Lang had he woo'd, lang she refused. In seeming scorn and pride ; Yet aft her eyes confess'd the love. Her fearful words deny'd ;" till his father, a wylie old churl, proposed a novel stratagem to prove her love, and to get her entangled in a snare pre- pared for her. It was no less successful than curious ; it had the desired effect, and Willie gained his heart's desire. JEAN 0' BETHELNIE'S LOVE FOR SIR GEORGE GORDON. Page 184. When the intestine troubles and broUs of the North dis- turbed the public peace so much, in 1562, the Queen's NOTES. 305 presence was thought neoesaary to put a stop to some of them ; and for that purpose she appeared in the North among her friends and foes. Jean, daughter of Baron Meldrum, and Laird of Bethelnie, in Aberdeenshire, was one of Queen Mary's favourites, with whom she occasionally dined at the house of Fetternear, where the Queen resided for a few days ; and having chanced to espy Sir George Gordon of Glenlogie, as he rode through the village of Banchory, fell desperately in love with him ; and, that he might know her case, she despatched a letter to him for the purpose ; but he, for a while, made light of the same, which came to the lady's ears, and threw her into a violent fever. Her father's chaplain, no doubt bred at the court of Cupid, undertook the correspond- ence, and was more successful. She was shortly afterward married to Sir George, the object of her wishes, in her fifteenth year. THE HOLY NUNNERY. Page 188. A nunnery is a sort of religious house, or receptacle for virgins who have bound themselves by a vow to live a single and chaste life, — celibacy being accounted honourable. There are few, I presume, but have read the unfortunate fate of Abelard and Eloise : how they were disappointed in their early loves, and spent their latter days in a monastery. Such was the case with the unfortunate pair in this ballad ; for, at one time, nun- neries were common in Scotland, endowed with extraordinary privileges. Many fabulous but amusing stories, and lively anecdotes, have been told of the nuns who have taken the veil, &c. In the Island of lona, or Icolmkill, the dilapidated ruins of an Augustinian nunnery are still to be seen. The church is 58 feet by 20 on the floor, and contains the tomb of the last prioress, though now considerably defaced. The figure is carved, praying to the Virgin Mary, with the address under her feet : Sancta Maria, ora pro me, and with this inscription round the ledge, in old British characters : Hie jacet Domina Anna Donaldi Ferleti filia, quondam prioressa de loni, qtws 306 SONGS AND BALLADS. ohiit, anno MDXI. eujua animam {altissimo) commendamus. At the first establishment of the monastery, the nuns resided on a small isle near T., still called the Isle of Nuns. Oolumba, at length, relented so far, as to allow them this establishment on the island, where they wore a white gown, and over it a rocket of white linen. THE liTEW SLAIN KNIGHT. Page 193. It was, at one time, quite a common thing for two lovers to make trial of each other's affections, unknown to one another ; which, if they found to vibrate according to the notes of their own hearts and feelings, they were rewarded accordingly. Under the mask of a stranger, did the hero of this ballad try his lady's love, and found it sincere. THE WHITE EISHER. Page 195. Those who have read the lives of the Popes ; the history of the inquisition, and of the inferior orders of the clergy of the Romish church, will be nowise surprised that the ghostly confessor should, instead of administering spiritual consolation to the lady in her husband's absence, rob her of her chastity ; and betray, like an unprincipled villain, the trust reposed in him. The wicked lives and ungrateful conduct of most of the friars, monks, and priests, need no comment. It would appear from the Indulgence given to the lady by her husband, that he was conscious of the priest's treachery, and of her own inno- cence, in as far as she was betrayed. LORD DINGWALL. Page 199. This ballad has all the insignia of antiquity stamped upon it ; and records one of those romantic fashions said to exist in the Highlands of Scotland some hundred years ago. I am not NOTES. 307 inclined to think that the hero of the piece was any of the Lords Dingwall, although its name would imply as much ; but rather a Highland chieftain, or Laird of Dingwall, a royal borough in Ross-shire; if such be the real name of the ballad; of which I am dubious, for Sir Kichard Preston was created Lord Dingwall by King James in 1607, by patent, to the heirs of his body. His only daughter and heir, Lady Elizabeth, married James, the great Duke of Ormoud. His grandson, James second and last Duke, claimed, in 1710, the Scotch honour of Dingwall ; for which he was allowed to vote at the election of the sixteen peers the same year. This title was forfeited by his attainder, in 1715. From this we may see, that none of the Lords of Dingwall resided in the Highlands, but most part in England, which confirms my opinion. In an imperfect copy of a ballad somewhat similar in incident to this one, the hero of the piece is called "Lord Bothwell ; " but which of the two is the true, title, I am not determined to say. JAMES HEREIES. Page 209. Sir Walter Scott has given a ballad under the designation of the "Daemon Lover," vol. ii. p. 427, of the Border Min- strelsy, which he says was taken down from recitation by Mr William Laidlaw. In this ballad, a few of the incidents are narrated ; but it wants all the particulars which render it either perfect, or complete. In the Minstrelsy Ancient and Modei-n, is a fragment given, all that could be procured by the indefatigable editor of that work. I am therefore happy to say, I have it now in my power to convince my esteemed friend, there is still a perfect copy of this curious and scarce legend in existence, which is now, for the first time, given to the public. In this ballad, it is not a demon or fiend, that betrays Jeaunie Douglas, but the spirit of her ovra first true love, James Herries, who had died abroad, but now come to punish her for perjury, infidelity, and to recover from her the pledges of her broken vows. 308 BALLADS AND SONGS. James Hemes was a branch of the Anglo-Norman family of Heriz, ■who came into Scotland during the age of David. It is more than probable, that the same William de Heriz, who appears to have attached himself to David I., and his son Henry, may have settled in Scotland. The representa- tive of all those Herizes, Sir Herbert, obtained the title of Lord Herries of Terregles in 1493. Prom this stock are sprung the several families of Herris in Scotland. — Caledonia. BARBARA BLAIR. Page 213. Barbara Blair is the young woman's name who had fallen in love with a sea captain, to whom she was with child, and was ardently attached, much against her mother's inclination, who wished him drowned in the sea. The captain, however, proved a man of honour, and repaired the breach which he had made in the young woman's character, by his speedily marrying her, which made the old woman change her song. THOMAS 0' YONDEBDALE. Page 216. This beautiful ballad I do not recollect of having seen any- where else. Thomas makes love to Lady Maisry, and gains what had been often attempted in vain by many rich and noble suitors, the heart of the young lady. He had, how- ever, no sooner deprived her of her innocence, than he left her and her helpless off-spring, in a hopeless and forlorn condition. He went to England ; continued in that country tor some time, and wooed another bride for to bring home, but was chid for his inconstancy by Lady Maisry, who stood by his bed-side one night in a dream. This pricked him to the heart, and caused him return with all the haste he may, to the land which he had left, and marry the first object of his love, and leave his English betrothed bride to go maiden home. NOTES. 309 THE KNIGHT'S GHOST. Page 221. Dunfermline has the honour of being celebrated in many of our old Scottish songs ; and was once the scene of much mirth and merriment ; at other times, bustle and strife. It was here where many of the Scottish kings spent much of their time, and administered justice to their subjects. It was here where the remains of the valiant and renowned Robert Bruce were deposited ; and it was here where the good lady lost her husband, surrounded by his faithful band of mariners, fighting for his life to their knees in blood. Ji we take it, from the authority of this ballad, that the soula of the departed are privy to all that is passing in this lower world, we are not only informed of the past, but also made to believe they have a prescience, or foreknowledge of what will follow. This ghost was a generous and liberal one in many respects. THE TROOPER AND FAIR MAID. Page 224. This is not the first " bonny lass that has lien in a barrack, followed a sodger, and carried his wallet." In this ballad will be found the identical lines which gave so much room for critical acumen among the poetical antiquaries of the last century, regarding " Waly, Waly up the bank," in which some mistaken editors have maintained that they should have been inserted, as belonging to that song. The Trooper and Fair Maid was written prior to Waly, Waly up the bank. LORD INGRAM AND CHILDE VYET. Page 227. A ballad somewhat similar to this one appeared in Mr Jamieson's Popular Ballads, vol. ii. p. 265, as taken from HIerd's MSS. ; but it is deficient in many respects, when Compared with the present complete copy ; particularly in 310 BALLADS AND SONGS. that which gives it .the pathos and sublimity. I have also seen another copy, but still it had its defects. The ballad records the fate of two brothers who had made love to one lady ; their tragic end, with the lady's penitence. CASTLE HA'S DAUGHTEK. Page 235. Another ballad of a similar description, called Bold Burnett's Daughter, I took down about the same time as the present one, from a different person ; but as it is so much alike in manner and incident, I have, for the present, with- held it. There are various ballads to be met with of the same nature, which rather than please, shock humanity. Every thing of a preposterous and absurd imagination served as food for the Doric muse, and inspired it with antediluvian vigour. WILLIE'S DEOWNED IN GAMEBY. Page 239. The unfortunate hero of this baUad, was a factor to the laird of Kimnundy. As the young woman to whom he was to be united in connubial wedlock resided in Gamery, a small fish- ing town on the east coast of the Murray Frith, the marriage was to be solemnized in the church of that parish, to which he was on his way, when overtaken by some of the heavy breakers which overflow a part of the road he had to pass, and dash, with impetuous fury, agaiost the lofty and ada- mantine rocks with which it is skirted. The young damsel, in her fifteenth year, also met with a watery grave, being the wages of her mother's mahsou. This ballad will remind the reader of the Drowned Lovers, who shared the same fate in the river Clyde. LANG JOHNNY MOIR. Page 242. This ballad I never saw anywhere else, in one shape nor NOTES. 311 another ; but am informed it is very old, having been written about the time of King Robert Bruce, as the characters that are introduced into it, assisted at the siege of Carlisle. It is undoubtedly of a political nature. The gigantic statures of Johnny and his relations are such as would stagger the belief even of those enthusiasts who are well acquainted with the traditions and fairy fictions of Benachie, the place to which Johnny belonged, in Aberdeenshire. Such fabulous relations of men and things, often embellish the ballads of the ancients, partly from conviction and partly from ignorance. The place where Johnny resided was at Hartshill, and his uncle at a place called the Beech. John o' Noth was the proprietor of Noth, a great hill, from its high conical summit commonly called the top of Noth ; on which, overlooking an immense track of country, are the remains of an ancient fortress, formerly thought to have been the mouth of a volcano, but now known to be one of those forts constructed of stones vitrified by the force of fire, of which kind many have been lately discovered in Scotland. In the parish of Auchindoir, to which Johnny belonged, a little below Craig, stood the Castrum Auchindores, mentioned by Buchanan, under the reign of James II., the remains of which are still visible. CUTTIE'S WEDDING. Page 250. The music and words of this song were composed by a Mr Smith, who followed, as a, musician, the variegated fortunes of the late pretender. Prince Charles Edward Stewart, at CuUoden, and many other places. He at length settled in Peterhead as a violin player, upon which instrument he ex- celled. The wedding took place at a smaE ale-house in aflshing village called Drum lithe, parish of St Fergus, about sixty years ago ; being what was called a sUler or penny wedding. Cuttie was the nickname of the bridegroom, who was a fisher- man ; and, to this day, a small rivulet that passed his house retains the name of "Cuttie's Bum" — his name and family, in other respects, are extinct. I have heard of an old woman 312 BALLADS AND SONGS. called " Cuddie," wlio has also been immortalized by some kind poet in four lines, which run thus : — There was am auld wife, they ca'd her Cuddie, And a' body said she wou'd gang to the wuddie ; But yet she die't wi' a better commend. For she danc'd hersell dead at her ain hous end ! MTSS GORDON OP GIGHT. Page 251. I need not say, the following song, has been written by a Scottish bard, who had been dissatisfied with the marriage of Miss Gordon of Gight to John Byron, son of Admiral Byron. They were father and mother of the late much lamented but immortal Lord Byron. THE LITTLE MAN. Page 256. A ballad somewhat similar in name and circumstances, is to be found in some old Collections of BaUads ; but this is the only genuine copy with which I ever met. The scene of the meeting is in the Garioch, at the foot of Benachie, a high mountain in Aberdeenshire ; a place long and justly celebrated for the nocturnal visits of the Elfin train, to which this roman- tic ballad seems to relate. THE POOR AULD MAIDENS. Page 258. This curious ditty was written during the sovereignty of James the Third, King of Scotland, and consequently nearly four hundred years old. THE GUISE OP TYRIE. Page 260. The hero of this curious song was the Reverend Mr Andrew Cant, a character much celebrated in the history of the NOTES. 313 troubles of Scotland in the aeventeentli century. His induct- ment to the pastoral charge of the parish of Tyrie, of which he was the first Protestant minister, having given great offence to the rabble, one of them composed the Guise of Tyrie. Mr Cant being an avowed enemy to all, and everything that savoured of Popery, being boarded in the house of Mr Forbes, the proprietor of Boyndlie, who was a Papist, in his bed-room were hung a great many of the Saints' pictures. Having an aversion to these, he requested that they might be taken down. The laird, to please his guest, took down St Peter, and hung up the picture of Mr Cant, with these lines written underneath : Come down, St Peter, Ye superstitious saint, And let up your better — Mr Andrew Cant. THE PAUSE LOVER. Page 261. In all the printed Collections of Old Ballads I have as yet consulted, I have found great deficiencies, such as giving mutilated fragments for complete copies, which I have en- deavoured, as much as possible, to avoid. The only eight lines of this ballad I have ever met with in print were published by Mr Herd. KOBYN'S TESMENT. Page 265. This little piece, I am convinced, is very old, as its style and language, although modernized, will testify. I have every reason to think it has been composed under the cloud of dis- guise, upon some great family, and on some particular event, though now unknown ; as was the ballad of the " Wren," composed on Lord Lennox's love to a daughter of Lord , Blan tyre's. 314 BALLADS AND SONGS. RICHARD'S MARY. Page 267. Mary Mortimer was the name of this lady, who was a, staunch Papist in the Enzie. When her husband died, she spent all her living on priests in praying him out of purgatory, whence his spirit had gone for the purification of his soul. THE CUNNING CLERK. Page 270. This humorous ballad is local, but very old. CoUieston, where the scene is laid, is a small fishing town on the east coast of Aberdeenshire, once so justly famed as being the rendezvous of Dutch and Flushing smugglers. That spirit with which the ballad commences is kept up through the whole with great naivete and eclat. It belongs to a class rarely to be met with. I never saw any one in print bear the smallest resemblance to it. My worthy friend in Paisley was kind enough as to send me