f< >Al /Ik rjA/^fv *£!^//^\^&i^^ L 4- 1 7/43 UJnrucll lint tier si ty Sltbrarii 3thara. Jfrw Xlark FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY To renew this book copy the call No. and give to t.Vio ItVirarian zsft. the librarian. HOME USE RULES All books subject to recall All borrowers must regis- .... ter in the library to borrow A<"flt*'" ter in the library tc MiPfti 1 1 1Q3B " ■ '"TT I for home use. ""Ill", 1 "" AH "books *must" __ ... - - i-\ A *J Ik! tin in d at end- Of college ^••^•••-••••ftu^ .. - r * insbection and year for inspection and repairs. , ■■ • Limited books- must be returned .within : the 'fbur week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange' for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. ^ Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use . their library privileges for -the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift, books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed; to circulate. Readers are asked to re- [ port all' cases of books* marked, or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. NK7143 jgn Un ' Vere " y Ubrary T iHSiifiiNii§ii£ o,lec,0r ' s fluide olin 3 1924 030 681 781 ££>**■ £(&# THE PLATE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030681781 THE LEIGH CUP (1499), AT MERCERS' HALL. THE PLATE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE ARRANGED FROM CRIPPS'S "OLD ENGLISH PLATE" BY PERCY MACQUOID WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLATE MARKS NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS 153-157 FIFTH AVENUE 1908 /\^-J^ ^^ PRINTED BY HA/.F.LI., WATSON AND VINKY, LD. t LONDON AM' AYLESBURY, ENGLAND. PREFACE It is by the desire of many interested in " Old English Plate " that the present abbreviation of the admirable work by the late Mr. W. J. Cripps, C.B., is published. Since its first appearance in 1878, Old English Plate has passed through no less than nine editions ; and although during that time other writers have added interesting details to those already known on English silver, nothing has been discovered that affects the structure and fundamental principles of Mr. Cripps's work. The present handbook contains in a condensed form those portions of Old English Plate neces- sary to a reader wishing to acquire a general knowledge on the subject, additions being made in certain sections that may be of interest to the collector. The abbreviations and omissions are principally confined to historical and technical details that are impossible to compress into a book of this size ; therefore, for extended information on these points, a reference to the larger work will be desirable. Examples and their descriptions that do not distinctly mark evolution, and the chapter dealing with ecclesiastical plate, have been excluded. At the same time, sections on such objects as PREFACE tankards, porringers, salts, smaller cups, spoons, and forks are enlarged. Many of the well-known examples given in Old English Plate are represented in this hand- book by phototypes taken from the objects themselves, and similar illustrations are given of some of the Winchester College plate, which was practically unknown until 1903. It is therefore hoped that this smaller work may in a measure form a grammar to the larger and more important book, and meet the demands of the ever-increasing interest shown in English Plate — an interest so largely due to the careful and conscientious work of the late Mr. Cripps. Percy Macquoid. 8, Palace Court, Bayswater, March, 1908. VI CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE OLD ENGLISH PLATE I CHAPTER II THE PROVINCIAL ASSAY TOWNS AND THEIR MARKS . 12 CHAPTER III SCOTLAND AND IRELAND 47 CHAPTER IV DECORATIVE AND DOMESTIC PLATE . . . .72 APPENDIX A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST, PART I., OF THE ARTICLES OF PLATE WHICH HAVE SERVED AS AUTHORITY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF DATE-LETTERS USED AT GOLDSMITHS' HALL, LONDON, AND FOR THE MAKERS' MARKS 1 25 vii CONTENTS APPENDIX A— continued PAGE CHRONOLOGICAL LIST, PART II., TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PRECEDING PORTION . 149 APPENDIX B IMPROVED TABLES OF THE DATE-LETTERS USED BY ALL THE ENGLISH, SCOTCH, AND IRISH ASSAY- HALLS, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES . . . 162 INDEX l89 V1U LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS NO. I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7. 8. 9. io. ii. 12. 13- 14. i5- 16. 17- 1 8. 19. Frontispiece FACING PAGE MAZER (15TH CENTURY) A 73 MAZER (CIRCA I470), AT ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD . p. 7$ SALT (1493), AT NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD ... 76 CYLINDRICAL SALT (1569) IN THE POSSESSION OF THE CORPORATION OF NORWICH .... P. 77 STEEPLE SALT (1626), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING 78 OCTAGONAL SALT (1685), AT MERCERS' HALL, LONDON p. 79 TRENCHER SALT ' (1603) ( l6 9°) (1704) (1715) (1743) (I790) ... . . . STONEWARE JUG (l)74) .... TANKARD (1571), AT CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAM- BRIDGE TANKARD WITH SILVER MOUNTINGS (1561), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING TANKARD (1634), THE PROPERTY OF THE CORPORATION OF BRISTOL TANKARD (1640), PROPERTY OF MRS, PERCY MACQUOID . 84 TANKARD (l68l), PROPERTY OF EDWARD DENT, ESQ. . 84 COCOA-NUT CUP (CIRCA I460), AT CAIUS COLLEGE, 80 80 80 80 SO 80 80 82 82 P- 83 CAMBRIDGE 86 IX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS N 0# FACING PAGE 20. THE ANATHEMA CUP (1481), AT PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE 86 21. THE LEIGH CUP (1499), AT MERCERS' HALL ... 86 22. STANDING CUP (1569), AT CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE P- %7 23. STEEPLE-CUP (l6l 5), AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE . . 88 24. STANDING CUP (l68o), AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE . . 88 24a. TWO-HANDLED CUP AND COVER (1739), BY PAUL LAMERIE, AT GOLDSMITHS' HALL, LONDON . . . p. 89 25. CUP (1795), AT MERCHANT TAYLORS' HALL, LONDON p. CO 26. TAZZA-CUP (1500), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING . 90 27- .. (1587), ., m „ 9 2 28. SMALL WINE CUP (1609), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING 92 29. BEAKER (CIRCA I400), AT TRINITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE . 92 30. ,, ( „ I580), NORWICH HALL-MARK, PROPERTY OF W. MINET, ESQ. . ... 94 3 1. „ (1679) .... .... 94 32. „ (1699) ... . . .94 33. CAUDLE-CUP (1657), AT CLOTHWORKERS' HALL, LONDON p. 94 34- PORRINGER (1657), PROPERTY OF MRS. GERVOISE . . 96 35. TWELVE-SIDED PORRINGER (1649), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING ...... 96 36. CAUDLE-CUP (1670), THE PROPERTY OF EARL BATHURST/. 95 37. PORRINGER (l68o) . . .... 96 38- .. (1676) .96 39. SMALL PORRINGER (1697) 96 40. ,, ,, DUBLIN (171$) .... C.6 41. POSSET CUP (1655), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING 96 42. SALVER (1545), AT CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE /. 98 43. EWER (1545) „ .. ,. ,. p. 99 44. (1562), SALVER AND EWER AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE . 100 45. SET OF THIRTEEN APOSTLES' SPOONS (1626) . . p. I04 46. SEAL-TOPPED, MAIDEN-HEADED AND LION-TOPPED SPOONS A (1528); B (1560) ; C (1600); D (1625); E (1565); F (1650); G (1543) . . . . . I04 X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. FACING PAGE 47. FLAT-HANDLED SPOONS. A(l655); B (1674) ; C (1679) ; D (1679); E (I7C6) ; F (17IO); G (l80O) . . 106 48. FORKS. A (l68l); B (1698); C (1698); D (1712); E (I716), F (FRONT OF SAME) 108 49. SAUCER (CIRCA 1632), USED AS AN ALMS-DISH AT BREDGAR, KENT p. 1 10 49a. MONTEITH (I702), AT VINTNERS' HALL, LONDON . p. 1 1 1 50. CANDLESTICK (CIRCA 1676), AT PENIARTH . . p. II3 51. „ (I706) 112 52- >, (1735) 114 53. „ (1772), PROPERTY OF COL. FEARON TIPPING 112 54. CASTER (1684), PROPERTY OF COL. FEARON TIPPING . II4 55. „ (I7I2), PROPERTY OF SAME 114 56. (17 17), PROPERTY OF SAME 114 57. TEAPOT (ABERDEEN HALL-MARK (1710) . . . . Il6 58. OCTAGONAL COFFEE-POT (1715), THE PROPERTY OF W. J. CRIPPS, ESQ., C.B p. Il6 59. COFFEE-POT (1764), AT SALTER'S HALL, LONDON . p. W] 60. FRUIT BASKET (1641), PROPERTY OF COL. FEARON TIPPING Il8 61. CAKE-BASKET (l73l), BY PAUL LAMERIE . . . ^. 1 19 62. „ (1749) »- » . . . p. 119 63. „ (1767) 120 64. EPERGNE (1773), PROPERTY OF COL. FEARON TIPPING . 120 65. SAUCE BOAT (1729) 120 66. „ ,, (I773)i PROPERTY OF COL. FEARON TIPPING 120 67. SWEETMEAT VASE 0773), „ ,, ,, ,, 120 XI V THE PLATE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE CHAPTER I OLD ENGLISH PLATE There are no articles in the manufacture of which such extensive frauds can be committed in so small a compass as those made of the precious metals, and there are no frauds more difficult of detection by ordinary persons. We have seen, too, that whilst a certain amount of base metal must needs be introduced into all such articles, it is only by a minute scientific examination that the proportion of base metal so introduced can be known for certain, and but few persons can possess either the skill or the means to conduct the necessary operations. The great profit to be made by fraudulent practices, the difficulty of detection, and the consequent probability of escape from it and from punishment, have at all times exposed the dishonest workman to irresistible temptations. In very early times, those who carried on particular trades or handicrafts were accustomed to form themselves into guilds or fraternities for the purpose of protecting and regulating the trade, or mystery as it was called, which they exercised. These were at subsequent periods incorporated by royal charters, which gave them power and authority to carry out their THE GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY objects more effectually. The guild thus incor- porated is now one of the greatest and wealthiest of the City Companies, and one to which the archaeologist and antiquary are indebted for the ready information and assistance it has given to those who have from time to time sought per- mission to consult its records, which, commencing about 1 33 1, are carried down to the present day. [Acts of Parliament dating from the middle of the fourteenth century have at various times confirmed the power of the charters granted to the Goldsmiths' Company and formulated legislation in connection with gold and silver work, appoint- ing this Company as the agents and means of their enforcement. These interesting Acts of Parlia- ment are detailed in Cripps' Old English Plate, chapter ii., and show the particular interest taken in the preservation of the standard of silversmiths' work all through the fifteenth, sixteenth, seven- teenth centuries, and onwards.] At the end of the seventeenth century we come to legislation of a different character, for it became necessary rather to protect the coin of the realm from being melted down for plate, than to insist on the fineness of the plate itself. Large quantities of plate had been sacrificed for King and Parliament, or confiscated by one or the other in this disturbed century, and now that quiet times had come again, the rich turned their atten- tion to replenishing their tables and cupboards with the necessary plate, and even tavern-keepers supplied themselves with silver drinking-vessels. All classes seem to have resorted to the supply of metal that was nearest at hand — the silver coin of the realm. BRITANNIA MARK In consequence, therefore, of this practice of melting down the coin, legislation for its protection became necessary, and in 1696 (8 & 9 Will. III. c. 8) with this object the standard for plate was raised above that of the silver coinage, so as to make the silver of the coinage less easily available for plate making. It was enacted that on and after March 25, 1697, no worker of plate should make any article of silver less in fineness than 1 1 oz. 10 dwts. of fine silver in every pound Troy, nor put to sale, exchange or sell any article made after that day but of that standard, nor until it had been marked with the marks now appointed to distinguish plate of this new standard. These marks were to be as follows : — The worker's mark to be expressed by the two first letters of his surname, the marks of the mystery or craft of the goldsmiths, which instead of the leopard's head and lion were to be the figure of a lion's head erased and the figure of a woman, commonly called Britannia, and a distinct and variable mark to be used by the warden of the same mystery, to denote the year in which such plate was made. The plate made at this period is often called of " Britannia standard," to dis- tinguish it. But here another difficulty arose, for this Act mentioning no provincial offices practically de- prived them of the privilege of stamping any plate at all, as they were not empowered to use the marks appointed for the new, and now the only legal, standard. The result of this was that from 1697 until the establishment of certain provincial offices, as we shall see, in 1701, no plate was properly stamped anywhere but in London, and THE LEOPARD'S HEAD what little plate was made in the provinces was stamped irregularly. The Goldsmiths' Company has, under State patronage, instituted marks as a protection against fraud in silver plate and as a means to identify its date. Stated for clearness in their chrono- logical order, the marks found on silver plate made in London are as follows : i. The Leopard's head, from 1300. 2. The Maker's mark, from 1363. 3. The Annual letter, from 1478. 4. The Lion passant, from 1545. 5. The Lion's head erased, and figure of Britannia from 1697. 1 6. The Sovereign's head, from 1784. The following table gives a summary of the London marks ; and each of them is afterwards separately described. THE LEOPARD'S HEAD Though, in all probability, workers in the precious metals had been, from even earlier times, in the habit of signing their work each with his own distinguishing symbol, the ancient mark of a leopard's head appointed by statute in 1300 is the first which is mentioned in any law or ordinance regulating the goldsmith's art in England. The leopard's head is properly the head of a lion passant guardant, which, in fact, is a lion's front face ; and all the early examples of this mark show a fine bold lion's face with mane and beard, having on the head a ducal crown. It 1 From 1697 — 1720 used for silver instead of the leopard's head crowned and lion passant, which were discontinued during that interval. Since 1720 used, when required, for plate made of the higher standard silver. 4 « w w 33 H S O Qi S3 O P 55 O w a < s H PL, o Oh t> Q D O en W 0* in what may be termed script letters, registered in the month of June in that year. THE ANNUAL LETTER ; ASSAYER's OR WARDEN'S MARK This is perhaps the most interesting of all the marks, for it goes far to enable us to ascertain the precise year in which any piece of plate was made. It may seem somewhat of a paradox to begin by stating that it is by no means certain when it was itself introduced. This is nevertheless strictly true. If nothing is better ascertained than that the mark must have been in use from the latter part of the fifteenth century, it will scarcely be believed that there is no positive mention of it till 1597. These letters have undeniably been used from 1478, in the form of a succession of alphabets, each consisting of twenty letters ; J, U or V, W, X, Y, and Z being the letters omitted. From 1 560-1 they have, with hardly any exception, been 8 THE LION PASSANT enclosed in regular heraldic shields of various shapes, but till then the letters are surrounded with a line more or less closely following their own outline ; the ends of the punches having been originally of the shape of the letters they bore, and afterwards of a shield shape, with the letter sunk in the centre of the shield. The most notable exceptions to this rule are the letters L of 1 726-7 and M of the following year, which are often, if not always, found on a square punch. From 1678, if not earlier, more than one size of punch is found to have been used, large and small articles having been stamped with marks of different sizes, the smaller ones being often on plain square punches with the corners slightly cut off, instead of in more heraldic shields. In certain years also the letters on the punches in use differ a little in form from one another. The letters before 1660 were changed on May 19 every year, but since that date the new punches have been first used on the morning of May 30. Each letter therefore served for a portion of two years. Carefully constructed tables of the alpha- bets are given at the end of this volume. THE LION PASSANT There is no mark so well known, and at the same time so little understood, as the lion passant. Far from being the ancient sign of sterling silver, it is not found at all until the middle of the sixteenth century. In the first few years the beast is thin and spirited in shape, and a small crown appears over the head of the lion. This is so in 1547 and 9 THE BRITANNIA MARK 1549. From 1550 the crown disappears, and from that year till 1557 the animal is in a plain oblong shield, whilst from 1557 to 1677 the shape of the escutcheon follows the outline of the animal ; [from 1678 till 1696 the escutcheon is once more plain, this shape being again resumed from 1729 — 1739. After this date the lower edge and sides became escalloped, the final develop- ment in 1756 being a plain shield with bevelled corners and cusped base.] THE LION'S HEAD ERASED AND FIGURE OF BRITANNIA Of these two marks there is little to be said. They were appointed by the statute of 1696-7, which raised the standard for silver plate from 11 ounces 2 dwts. to 1 1 ounces 10 dwts. fine, in order to distinguish the plate so made from that which had previously been made of silver of the old sterling, and they were for this purpose substituted for the leopard's head crowned and lion passant. The new marks were in sole use from March 27, 1697, until June, 1720, when the old sterling standard was restored, and its own old marks with it, not, however, to the exclusion of the new. Since that year, therefore, both standards, each to bear its own marks, have been legal. For some short time after the restoration of the old standard, a good deal of plate made of the new or higher standard silver seems still to have been stamped, but it quickly fell into disuse, and, after 1732 or thereabouts, the lion's head erased and the Britannia are very rarely to be met with. 10 THE SOVEREIGN'S HEAD The higher standard is occasionally used even at the present day, and in such cases is of course distinguished by its proper marks. THE SOVEREIGN S HEAD This mark is found on all plate that has been liable to the duty imposed from December i, 1784 (24 Geo. III. c. 53); that is to say, upon all plate liable to be assayed from 1784 until 1890, when the plate duties were finally abolished. The mark when first introduced was stamped in intaglio instead of in relief, and in this form is found with the letters i and k standing for 1 784 and 1785 respectively. II CHAPTER II THE PROVINCIAL ASSAY TOWNS AND THEIR MARKS We now come to the consideration of the marks found upon plate assayed in the provinces ; but as the Act of 1700 established, or in certain cases re-established, the provincial assay-offices on an entirely new basis and with entirely new marks to distinguish them, the history of provincial marks divides itself into two distinct portions, the earlier of which terminates at that year. It is not until 1423 that provincial "touches," except the touch of York, can with any certainty be said to have existed at all. At best, all such provisions were but temporary ; and it is clear that even in parts of England distant from the metropolis there was no general custom at this time of marking plate with peculiar local marks ; but in the sixteenth century, in spite of the uncertainty of the marks attached to plate of country manufacture, the goldsmiths of York and Norwich commanded a good deal of the custom of their counties. Apostle spoons are marked at Norwich and Exeter in some quantity from 1560 to 1650, some of the plate of the Corporation of Norwich was home-made between 1560 and 1570, and specimens of plate of all kinds, from that time down to the end of the seventeenth century, are referable to the goldsmiths of York. 12 PROVINCIAL MARKS: YORK Whether prosperous or not, the provincial offices were, in the year 1697, a ll extinguished at a blow, and the Act of 1 700 established, or in certain cases re-established, these assay offices on an entirely new basis, with entirely new marks to distinguish them. This stated that no plate was to be made less in fineness than the standard of the kingdom, and the following marks were appointed : The worker's mark, to be expressed by the two first letters of his surname, the lion's head erased, the figure of Britannia, and the arms of the city where such plate shall be assayed, and a distinct and variable letter in Roman character, which shall be annually changed upon the election of new wardens to show the year when such plate was made. In 1720 the old standard was restored through- out the kingdom, and the ordinary marks of the leopard's head, the lion passant, the letter of the year, the maker's mark, and. the local mark of the town or city were adopted in the provincial offices, according to the Act of Parliament. YORK This mark originally consisted of a fleur-de-lys and leopard's head crowned, both being dimidiated and conjoined in a plain circular shield. Un- fortunately, the mark itself being only found on old and often much worn plate, and nearly always very indistinct, the dimidiated leopard's head looks so much more like a half rose that it long seemed hazardous to say which it was intended for. It is now, however, clearly proved 13 YORK to be the half of a leopard's head crowned. The exact date of its introduction is still unknown ; but as it is always accompanied by an alphabetical letter, it can be traced to about the commencement of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which seems to have inaugurated a new era for the York gold- smiths. A date-letter was then adopted for the first time. A table containing the known instances of these letters is given with those of other cities possessing assay offices at the end of this volume. After 1 70 1 and until 1720 the usual Britannia standard marks were used in conjunction perhaps with Roman capitals for date. On the resumption of the old sterling standard for silver, the lion passant and leopard's head crowned were adopted in conjunction with the City arms. The following tables show examples of the makers' marks found on old York plate : Examples of Old York Plate. Date Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 157° nu Do. ® Do. © Do. @ Do. t® Do. ® Do. m i57i 1576 m Thos. Symson, 1548 Christopher Hunton, 1551, d. 1582. William Foster, 1569, d. 1610. Robert Beckwith, 1546, d. 1585. Robert Gylmyn, 1550 George Kitchyng, 1561, d. 1597- Probably Mark Wray, 1563- Robert Gylmyn, as in 157°- '577 G. Kitchyng, as in 1570 . 1579 . . [None] .... 1583 1585 IWRI Do. William Rawneson . . Do "593 Do. 1600 Do. Do 1 608 w Peter Pearson, 1603 1609 Do. Do Do. 1611 IFT) Francis Tempest, 1597 . Peter Pearson, as in 160S.. 14 Date. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1612 1613 1 614 1615 Do. Do. Do. 1617 Do. Do. 1619 1620 1622 Do. 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 Do. 1630 1631 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1632 1633 Do. Do. Do. Chris. Harrington, 1595, d. 1614. Do Do. . . Do Francis Tempest, as in 1609. Peter Pearson, as in 1608. Chris. Mangy, i6og Francis Tempest, as in 1609. Do Do. Sem. Casson, 1613, d. 1633- Peter Pearson, as in 1608. Do <£3) <& Robert, son of Christr. Harrington, 1616, d. 1647. Peter Pearson, as in 1608. Robert Williamson, 1623, d. 1667. S. Casson, as in 1619 Thos., son of Christr. Harrington, 1624, d. 1642. Robert Harrington, as in 1622. James Plummer, 1616, d. 1663. Christr. Mangy.as in 1615 S. Casson, as in 1619 . . Robert Harrington, as in 1622. James Plummer, as in 1628. Christr. Mangy.as in 1615 Thos. Waite, 1613, d. 1662 Robert Williamson, as in 1624. Robert Harrington, as in 1622. 1633 Do. Do. '634 Do. Do. 1635 Do. 1636 Do. 1637 Do. Do. 1638 Do. Do. Do. 1639 Do. 1641 Do. 1642 1C50 1654 1655 1657 1660 Do. © S. Casson, as in ;6iq . OB Do. Thos. Harrington, as in 1626. James Plummer, as in 1628. Robert Williamson , as in 1624. Thos. Waite, as in 1631 . Thos. Harrington, as in 1626. John Thompson, 1633, d. 1692. Thos. Harrington, as in 1626. James Plummer, as in 1628. Francis Bryce, 1634, d. 1640, Robert Harrington, as in 1622. James Plummer, as in 1628. Do Thos. Harrington, 1624, d. 1642. Robert Harrington, as in 1622. Robert Williamson, as in 1624. Robert Harrington, as in 1622. Robert Williamson, as in 1624. Robert Harrington, as in 1622. John Thompson, as in 1635. Thos. Harrington, as in 1638. James Plummer, as in 1628. John, son of James Plum- mer, 1648. Do Marmaduke Best, 1657 . iS Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1661 Roland Kirby, 1666. . . 1675 a • John Plummer, as in 1657 Do. Do. ^ John Thompson, as in 1673. Thos. Mangy, see 1664 . 1676 . . . John Plummer, as in 1657 1678 Do. Do. 1679 . . . Marmaduke Best, as in 1660. John Thompson, as in 1673. » John Plummer, as in 1657 Do. • • Roland Kirby, as in 1674. 1680 1681 w Marmaduke Best, as in 1660. George Gibson, 1 678 . . Do. <$ Charles Rhoades, 1C77 . Do. © Wm. Busfield, 1679 • • 1682 (™J Thos. Mangy, see 1664 . Do. Do. Do. 1683 Do. Do. |MG] Robert Williamson, see 1662. Roland Kirby, as in 1674. John Thompson, as in 1673- Charles Rhoades, as in i6St. George Gibson, as in 1 681 Mark Gill, 1680 . 1684 %y George Gibson, as in 1681 Do. Do. Wm. Busfield, as in 16S1. Thos. Mangy, as in 16S2 16 YORK Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1685 (icy John-Oliver, 1676 Do. Do. 1686 Do. Do Thos. Mangy, as in 1682 John Oliver, as in 1685 . 1688 16S9 (cw) Christopher Whitehill, 1676. 1690 . Wm. Busfield, as in 1681. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1691 1692 Do. . . . Robert Williamson, see 1674. Wm. Busfield, as in 1681. John Oliver, as in 1685 . 1694 1696 C*R Charles Rhoades, mark imperfect. 1697 Do. 1698 • • • Wm. Busfield, as in 1681. Do Do Date. Examples of York Plate after 1701. York Britannia Standard. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1702 ® iRFl Probably John l==J Best, free 1694. N. D. (g> John Langwith. N. D. 9 pyjj John Langwith, Q±™$ free 1699. 1714 V / (1) Do. Do. . I70S Do. ^ p «'\ Probably Wm. VS*3 Busfield, free N. D. Do. . 1679. N. D. Do. Do. . N. D. IB) jiir.') Probably Wm. LVVjl Williamson, free 1694. N. D. Do. c£fM Wm. Williamson. Revived York Office. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. N. D. i rpjji Hampston and | i-p Prince. 1787 ® JtV Hampston and Vjir Prince. m 9 H Do. . 1788 Do. Do. . 1780 Do. . 1791 © Do. . 1780 Do. . 1792 © Do. . (twice) N. D. (D Do. . 1784 Do. Do. Do. . N. D. S Do. . ® ggg] Do. . For a continuation of York date-letters to 1856, when the Office closed, see tables at end of book. 17 C NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE This hall-mark, at the latter part of the seven- teenth century, consisted of three castles, arranged, as in later days, two above and one below, on a shield of irregular outline, in some instances smaller at the lower part, where it had to surround only one tower, than at the top, Sometimes the castles are in a small plain shield. Another mark, probably attributable to New- castle, is on church-plate at Gateshead, dated 1672. This is a single heraldic castle or tower, on a small shield, and accompanied by a lion passant on a plain oval shield, but turned to the right. 1 The lion passant mark is struck twice on these pieces. After 1702 the Newcastle mark is a shield with three towers or castles upon it, being the city arms, and is found at first with an ornamental, after- wards with a heart-shaped shield, later still with a shield having a pointed base almost the shape of an egg. The other marks are the same as those of the other provincial offices, the leopard's head crowned being used from 1720. Of late it was the only provincial town re- taining that mark, but the crown upon the leopard's head served to distinguish it from the London stamp for some time from 1822 onwards. The lion passant turns to the right from 1721 to 1727. 1 This curious variation may be observed on modern Newcastle plate from 1721 to 1727. 18 JN J± WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Examples of Old Newcastle Plate. Date. Maker. 1664 N. D. 1672 Do. N. D. 1670 N. D. N. D. 1680 N. D. I68l Do. N. D. 1684 c. 1685 Do. 1686 1687 N. D. N. D. 1688 c. 1690 1698 c. 1698 1 701 Do. 1697— 1702 Do. do. do. do. Do. do. do. Ijpj Do. do. do. do. Do. do. do. do. I**] [33 f^ll EEl \X/ pro \§p I 7 !*' Do. do. do. do. WW m (each twice) Do. do. (each twice) Do. do. (each twice) Do. Do. do. DO. rjSH (each twice) (do.) jYJfgi (maker «S/ twice) Do. do. Do. do. (each twice) (do.) Do. do. (maker twice) . . do. (twice) Do. do. (each twice) D °£\ Do. (rgl (each twice) IK HI S^ Do. 1 (each twice) (thrice) vwv twice % John Wilkinson. Do. John Dow- thwayte. Do. Do. Wm. Ramsey. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Abr. Hamer. Thos. Hewitson. Robert Shrive. Eli Bilton. John Ramsey. Probably Wm. Ram- sey the younger. Examples of Newcastle Plate after 1 70 1. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. 1702 Do. Do. 1703 Do. Do. 1706? 1707 1711? Do. Do. Do. Do. 1712 Do. Do. Do. 1713 u. 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 Do. Do. 1722 1724 Do. ® B*a lyoj Do. Do. Do. Do. © Eli Bilton, d. 1712 . . Richard Hobbs Robert Shrive . . . Eli Bilton, as in 1702 John Ramsey, free 1698. Francis Batty, senior Eli Bilton, as in 1702 do. John Younghusband do. . • do. . . . Jon. French Francis Batty, junior adm. 1708. do. . do. . J. Younghusband, as in 1711. John Langwith, of York, 1717—22. James Kirkup (new sterling). Joseph Buckle, of York. John Carnaby, adm. 1718 (new sterling). Art, Robt. Makepeace, jun., ]g! * and T. Batty, jun. mmiWm. Whitfield . Francis Batty, junior 1708—27—8 (old sterling), do. Do. Do. [w51 John Ramsey, jun. . John Carnaby, adm 1718 (old sterling). do. . Wm. Dalton . . NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Examples of Newcastle Plate Date. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. after 1701. Maker's Mark and Name. X724 Do. 1725 1727 1728 Do. 1729 1730 Do. 1731 1732 1733 1738 Do. 1739 Do. 1740 Do. Do. Do. 1743 174G Do. 1748 Do. "750 '754 Jonathan French . Francis Batty, junior as in 1721. Geo. Bulman . . T P Thos. Partis, of Sun- derland. m [Ml & m Do. w ■hrn £8 ^1 W> Do. Do. Jonathan French . . Th. Makepeace, 1729 — I738- Isaac Cookson, 1728 — 1739- James Kirkup . . Robt. Makepeace . . do. . William Partis, of Sun- derland. Isaac Cookson, as in 1730. Probably W. Beilby and Co., Durham, 1739—61. Do. do. Geo. Bulman . . . William Partis, of Sunderland. Stephen Buckle, of York. James Kirkup, as in 1730. William Dalton . Isaac Cookson, from 1739. do Wm. Partis, as in 1740 Isaac Cookson, as in 1743- Probably Wm. Beilby, of Durham, d. 1765 do. . John Langlands and John Goodrick, d. 1757; I754—I757- 1754 '757 Do. Do. 1759 1763 1765 1766 1768 1769 1770 1772 Do. Do. Do. 1774 Dj. Do. Do. Do. 1777 1783 1784 Do. iK-Mj Robert Makepeace John Kirkup, 1753— 1774, d. 1784. m. /trjt (I Another mark for ll\t^*j Robertson and Darling. Itj^ John Robertson, 1796 *VI — 1801. David Darling . Darling and Bell . . Anne Robertson , D-L in oval. D. Langlands Reid & Co. CR DR NORWICH. I Plate was made, assayed, and marked in this city at an early period, but the trade has long ceased to exist there. Its old distinguishing mark was an escutcheon with the city arms, viz. a castle in chief above a lion passant in base in a shaped shield ; later the same arms were borne on a plain, angular, heraldic shield with pointed base. A date-letter was used from 1566, but probably from 1565, when the first known alphabet seems to commence. Of fifty-one specimens of plate bear- ing the letter c, no less than eighteen are dated 1567, whilst ten are dated 1568, facts which strongly point to the commencement of the alpha- bet in the earlier year. Unfortunately, although a number of dated specimens bearing the letters for 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, and 1569 exist, the writer has been able to find no dated specimens from that time until the year 1627, in which the letter was d ; luckily an 1 for 1632, k for 1633, an d 21 NORWICH l for 1634 are to be found ; n is seen on an article dated 1636, o for 1637, p for 1638, and r of the same alphabet, on a specimen dated 1640. This rather points to the use of alphabetical cycles con- sisting of twenty letters each, as in London, but not without some slight irregularity ; and the table at the end of this volume has been constructed on this principle, which is no doubt correct, down to the middle of the seventeenth century. From about 1660 to 1685 no date-letter at all was used, but at the very end of the century there are traces of a renewal of the use. After 1624 the shape of the shield containing the lion and castle was somewhat more regular than before, though still shaped out. the castle being altered from the rudely outlined building of older stamps into a conventional heraldic tower. In the seventeenth century, a double-seeded rose surmounted by a crown, or a seeded rose and a crown on two separate stamps, was added as a standard mark. After 1701 there is little record of Norwich plate, and the privilege of assaying silver was abandoned. Table I. Date. Maker's Mark. *565 Do. 1566 »$6? Do. # Do. The sun, no shield Date. Maker's Mark. 1567 p£f Estoile of six rays Do. Orb and cross, as in 1565 Do. 22 NORWICH Date. Maker's Mark. 1567 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1568 Do. Do. Do. 1569 Do. c- 1595 Maidenhead, in plain shield. Do. Do. Do. 9 Trefoil slipped in plain shield. Do. Do. Flat fish in oval shield. Do. Orb and cross, as in 1565 Do Cross pattee . . Trefoil, as in 1567 . . rri Inscribed "made by \i) John Stone and ^ Robert Stone." Date. Maker's Mark. 1627 1632 Do. 1633 1634 Do- Do. 1636 «637 c. 1637 1638 1638 1640 Do. 1641 A Pegasus .... Two horses passant and counterpassant, the one surmounting the other. r^-\ Lion rampant, in rw shaped shield. flJJJ Arthur Heaslewood, *3S» free 1625. Lion rampant, in shaped shield, as in 1632. A large bird ; probably peli- can vulning herself. T S, linked as below, in 1640. Lion rampant, as in 1632 . Do. • • t • . A large bird, as in 1636 GjS} Probably Timothy JXt Skottowe. 5Yr cf. 1680 .... Table 1661 c. 1662 c. 1675 1675 1679 1680 Do. 1685 • ^§j? ffl l^ii] Do. Do. Do. Do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. (As on Bp.'s Palace Chapel plate of c. 1662.) H da d0 - ® As paten,i675. — St.Peter's, Hungate. _, CHESTER CHESTER The first notice of its history as an assay town practically commences with its charter from King James II., dated March 6, 1685. The first notice in the books of the Goldsmiths' Company there of the marks to be used, is of the following year, 1686, a date which barely anticipates the modern re-settlement of 170 1. A date-letter was adopted in the year 1689, and the regular change of letter each year following. The alphabet used in 1689 is given as of Roman capitals in the minutes ; though this is not, of course, conclusive evidence, especially as it is known that the letters for 1689 and 1690 were not of that character. In any case it must have come to a premature end with the letter 1 for 1697-8. This fragment of an alphabet is given after the old Norwich alphabets. The coat of the city as used at this time for the "punson " was a dagger between three garbs. The crest was a sword erect with a band across the blade. These marks disappear in 1701, having probably only been used from 1686 till that year. The office established here in 1701 has been at work ever since, though sometimes on a small scale ; its distinguishing mark was at first a shield bearing the city arms of three lions passant guardant dimidiated, per pale with three garbs also dimidiated. This was the coat used before 1686. It was again changed in the later part of the last century for a dagger erect between three garbs ; the rest of the marks correspond with those of the other provincial towns, the leopard's 24 CHESTER head having been used from 1720 to 1839, when it was discontinued. The only well-known smiths of the Queen Anne epoch are the Richardsons, whose marks constantly occur 1714-48. It is Ri in the Britannia period, and appears as two Roman capital letters rr linked back to back, on old sterling silver after 1720. The word Sterl. as a second mark occurs with the Ri mark on the mace dated 1 7 1 8 at Carnarvon. It is also found about 1683 with other makers' marks. Examples of Old Chester Plate. Examples of Chester Plate after 1701. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and Name. c. 1 701 Do. Do. Do. Do. Bu Nathl. Bullen, adm. 1669. Ta . . . . Co ... . Gi Perhaps Tho. Git- tens, of Shrews- „ bury, 1695—1741. OCb Perhaps Thos. Sandford, of Shrewsbury, 1682 — 1741. c. 1701 Do. 1704 Do. 1709 1713 Do. <¥& Probably P. Pen- nington. Eo Thos. Robinson, 1682— 1 7 10. jjjjf Richard Richard- ^^ son. iTDi 1 Richard Richard- 's^ son. 25 EXETER Date. Maker's Mark and Name. Date. Maker's Mark and 1 Name. i 1714 1715 1717 1718 1719 1721 1722 Do. I7Z3 Do. 1728 |rpl Richardson. Hi, as in 1713. (Ma) Thos. Maddock. Hi, as in 17 19. 1728 173° 1736 1738 1748 1769 Do. 1772 1774 1779 jd] R- Richardson. EE, as above in 1 728. EE, as above in 1728. Do. . . . GW Geo. Walker. BW1 Jos. Walley. EXETER The old Exeter mark was a large Roman capital letter X crowned ; examples of it are not uncommonly found even in other parts of England. Hardly any two marks are exactly alike, some of them being surrounded with a plain, others with a dotted circle ; whilst in later times than Eliza- bethan the escutcheon also follows the shape of the contained letter. Very occasionally the X is not crowned. In the sixteenth century, the letter, enclosed in a plain or dotted circle, is usually accompanied by two pellets, mullets, or quatrefoils, one in each side angle of the X, but in the next century these pellets are wanting, although the dotted circle is retained. In the case of spoons it is always found in the bowls in the usual place. It is almost invariably accompanied by a maker's mark, which is the whole, or sometimes what seems to be a part, of the surname, and, in the latter cases, somewhat unintelligible. A good 26 EXETER many of the Elizabethan communion cups still to be seen in Exeter parish churches, nearly all of them being of the years 1572, 1573, or 1574, bear the word IONS with or without the crowned X. Two stoneware jugs, formerly in the Stani- forth Collection, have respectively ESTON and EASTON as their makers' marks, whilst a third, formerly in the Bernal collection, bears the name HORWOOD ; all these are accompanied by the usual Exeter mark. ESTON is found on a communion cup at St. Andrew's, Plymouth, of which the date is 1590, and EASTON on the cup at Venn Ottery, dated i582. A kind of rude letter C is usually found with the ESTON mark, which may be the initial of that maker's Christian name. To another mark, that of one EADCLIFF, as in the case of the IONS and ESTON marks, it is possible to assign a date, for it appears on a cup at St. Petrock's church in Exeter, engraved with 1640, a date which corresponds well with the year 1637 pounced on an apostle spoon with the same maker's mark, in the Staniforth collection. The mark on the apostle spoon is as follows : — fTR RADCLET That on the cup gives the same initials in monogram Pfty The name COTON occurs upon church-plate of the Elizabethan period sometimes with D and sometimes with I for initial letter. Spoons occasionally bear the initials in the bowl, instead of the crowned X, and have the whole name on the back of the stem ; some seal-headed baluster-ended spoons among the domestic plate 27 EXETER still in use at Cotehele, the ancient Cornish seat of the Earls of Mount Edgcumbe, bear TM in monogram within a dotted circle in their bowls, and NWH1V on the stems ; on others the word ■ BEN"LY is to be found, with the Exeter mark in the bowl. YEDS occurs on a flat-stemmed spoon, and ^p on an apostle spoon of the late Mr. Staniforth's, both bearing the Exeter mark. OSBORN with the Exeter mark is the name on an apostle spoon with pricked date 1638, and also on a lion-sejant spoon dated in the same way 1663. The mark (RO) is on an undated lion-sejant spoon and j^K] on a seal-head spoon, the first the property of Earl Amherst and the other of the author. It is impossible to say for certain, even after the examination of so many specimens as are described here, whether a date-letter was ever used at Exeter ; further research may clear up the question, but it is almost certain that a date-letter was not regularly used in the sixteenth, and not at all in the seventeenth century. After 1 70 1 Exeter followed the procedure of the York assay office and carried on work until i885. The distinguishing mark of the office is a castle of three towers. At first the mark used was a somewhat bold one : the two outer towers, which are lower in the shield than the central one, are bent inwards towards it, and the shield is shaped ; but after 1709, or thereabouts, the shield is reduced in size, and was made of the ordinary plain angular 28 EXETER heraldic pattern, with the towers smaller and upright. In the case of both the shields there is what might be taken for a small flaw running from the central tower to the bottom of the shield ; this in reality denotes the partition per pale of the field on which the triple castle of the city of Exeter is borne. The first alphabet used for date-letters was one of Roman capitals, A and B being found in ornamental shields. Roman letters, capital or small, were used until 1837, then came an alphabet of Old English capitals. This was accompanied by the Britannia and lion's head erased until 1720, when, as at York, the Exeter office adopting the leopard's head in 1720, continued its use long after the passing of the Act of 1739. Examples of Old Exeter Plate. Date. 1571 1572 *574 c 1575 c 1575 1575 N. D. 1575 1576 Do.. Do. Do. Maker's Mark. I [Tons] Do. Do. D COTON I COTON Q] fTONSl lAl Do. p JTonFI [r] noNsi m lESTON ]' m noNsi fi] Date. Maker's Mark. c. 1580 1581 1582 Do. 1590 1637 1638 1640 1641 c. 1688 S IESTONI |D) IGI IESTONI lEASTONl •*&= ICJ IESTONI (CI IESTONI INI |iTpli RADCL " rF1 IOSBORNI JgLRADC'-IFFI lYpI (twice) and ■= — ' lion passant. 29 EXETER Examples of Exeter Plate after 1700. Date. 1701 1702 1704 1 705 Do. 1706 1709 Do. 1710 1712 Maker's Mark. «I (TV) m Csw N Date. 1712 1713 1714 1715 Do. Do. 1716 1717 1718 1725 Do. Maker's Mark. Do. Do. °J Do. . Do. . Ri ; SBV Date. 1726 1728 Do. 1729 •730 1731 1734 1740 1743 •747 1748 Maker's Mark. JE aft The retention of that mark after 1 739 by those offices was probably owing to a misinterpretation of the Act of that year, which no doubt intended to confine the use of the leopard's head for the future to London. It was used at Exeter on an unusually large oblong stamp, and forms a fine bold mark ; indeed this may be said of all the punches employed in this city, the lion's head erased being of large size, and the Britannia on a rectangular punch as bold in its way as that adopted for the leopard's head crowned in 1720. This last was still in use in 1773. Other marks, entered by goldsmiths residing at Launceston, Plymouth, Dunster, Truro, and other places as well as Exeter, may also be given : 30 EXAMPLES OF PLATE AFTER 1700 < a « 703 Do. Do. 1704 Do Do Do 1705 Do. Do. Do. Do. OS EL :Jh: W j ■dar HO <^> VA Ca. St Name. Peeter Eliot.of Dartmouth. Jacob Tyth, of Launceston. Mary Ashe, of Launceston. Richard Wilcocks, of Ply- mouth. Mr. Richard Holin, of Truro. Edward Sweet, of Dunster. Richard Vavasor, of Totto- ness. Robert Catkitt, Exon. James Strong, Exon. John Manby, Dartmouth. Thos. Reynolds, Exon. Richard Plint, Truro. !7°5 1706 Do 1710 1711 1714 Do. 1716 1723 (vS\ « Name. Thos. Haysham, Bridge- water. Thos. Sampson, Exon. Pent. Simons, Plymouth. Geo. Trowbridge, Exeter. Tolcher, Plymouth. Andrew Worth. Pent. Symonds. Abraham Lovell. John Elston, junior, Exon. HULL Hull is not known to have marked plate in early times, and it would appear that goldsmiths' work was not carried on there on a large scale in the fifteenth century, from the fact that the wardens of the adjacent church of St. Augustine at Hedon dealt with a comparatively distant goldsmith at Lincoln in the middle of that century, instead of one at Hull, only seven or eight miles away. However, there is evidence, somewhat later, that a goldsmiths' company had been in existence for some time prior to 1598. In and near Hull there is a good deal of plate, 3i HULL chiefly of the seventeenth century, bearing either the letter H (for Hull), or the town arms of three ducal crowns one above the other, or both these marks combined, and in every case accompanied by a maker's mark. These latter are the maker's initials in shields of very marked shape, and all but two of them with some distinguishing emblem, such as a crown, star, or other like addition". It may be further noted that the town mark, whether it be the H or the three crowns, always varies in form with the different makers' marks, and so suggests that it was struck by the goldsmith himself, and not by the officials of any local Goldsmiths' Hall. Possibly a similar explanation may account for the varieties of the old Exeter mark, neither Exeter nor Hull possessing touches authorised by the Act of 1423. Ten different Hull goldsmiths' marks have been noted on some sixty pieces of plate, dated from 1 5 8 7 to 1 7 1 2 . Towards the end of the seventeenth century, a date-letter seems to have been adopted for some six years or so, and then abandoned. A communion cup at Trinity House bears the maker's mark KM accompanied by a shield of the town arms, and a large capital italic E, very like the York letter of 1666. The letters A, D, and F, corresponding in character with the £, have also been found in conjunction with the maker's mark EM. About 1630 both the H mark and the three- crowns mark are found together on pieces of plate, and this seems to indicate the period of change from the one town mark to the other. The following is a list of examples of Hull- marked plate : 32 EXAMPLES OF HULL PLATE Examples of Hull Plate. Town Marks. Maker's Mark. Date Article. Do. . . Hand 3 crowns. Hand 3 crowns. Do. . . Do. . . Do. . . 3 crowns in bowl, H on shanks. H (twice) H (on shank). 3 crowns (twice). 3 crowns (twice). 3 crowns (once). Yc\ J. Clarkson feSl (twice) . R. Robinson, free 1617. Do Do. . Do. , . Do. (on shanks) Chr. Watson * . Do. on bowl and on shank. rj|n (twice) Jas Birk- l*J by, free 1651.* Edw. Mangie. free 1660.* 1587 1621 1629 1630 1638 1640 1638 1666 1668 Com. cup.— Trinity Church, Hull; also (n.d.) seal - head spoon. — Trin. Ho., Hull. Com. cup. — Cabourne, Lines. Beaker cup. — Trin. Ho., Hull. Com. cup and paten. — North Frod- ingham, Yorks. ; and silver mount of cocoanut. — Trin. Ho., Hull. Com. cup. — Hessle, Yorks. Com. cup and paten. — Burton Pid- sea, Yorks. Com. cup and cover. — Welwick, Yorks. ; also, undated, several com. cups in Yorkshire and Lin- colnshire. Two seal-head spoons. — Trin. Ho., Hull. Two com. cups and covers. — St. Mary's, Hull. Seal-head spoons. — Trin. Ho., Hull, and T. M. Fallow, Esq. Two-handled porringer. — Hon. and Rev. S. Lawley. Com. cup and cover, Minster. Beverley Com. cup. — Marfleet, Yorks. 33 D EXAMPLES OF HULL PLATE Town Marks. 3 crowns (twice). Do. . . Do. . . Do. . . 3 crowns (once). 3 crowns (twice). Do. . . 3 crowns (twice). Do. . . 3 crowns (once). 3 crowns (twice). Do. . . 3 crowns (twice). Do. . . Maker's Mark. E M (as before) Do. . Do. Do. . Do. and date letter. w Do. (twice) and I cK\ date letter. 1^ Do. and date [Tyl letter. v£) Ea] Tho. Hebden, free Q?J) 1681. Do. . . , KpCfi and date )^t}J letter. fEfl) on paten cover. K.M. (in pointed shield). K.M. (in shaped shield). Do. Date 1674 1676 1678 1689 16S9 1695 1697 1708 1712 Article. Paten. — Barnoldby-le-Beck, Lines. Com. cup. — Kirk Ella, Yorks. Com. cup. — Elloughton, Yorks. Small mace, Hull, and several pieces of plate at Trinity Ho., Hull, besides church plate in Yorks. and Lanes, not dated. Sugar sifter with Frodingham family arms. — Bohn collection ; also mace. — Great Grimsby. Com. cup. — Copgrove, Yorks. Tankard.— Trin. Ho., Hull. Peg tankard. — Hedon Corporation. Tumbler and (not dated) caudle cup. — Trin. Ho., Hull ; and paten. — Preston, near Hull. Com. cup. — Trin. Ho. Chapel, Hull. Com. cup. — SkefHing, Yorks. Tobacco box. — Trin. Ho., Hull. Yorkshire ch. plate. Lid of Com. cup. — Thorgumbald, Yorks. ; and (n.d.) com. cup. — Preston, near Hull ; also small tumbler cup. — T. M. Fallow, Esq. 34 SHEFFIELD AND BIRMINGHAM SHEFFIELD AND BIRMINGHAM Owing to the comparatively recent establishment of these assay offices, theirwork has not yet acquired any archaeological interest ; the marks are — the maker's (which is to be the first letters of his Christian and surname), the lion passant, a distinct variable letter to be changed annually upon the election of new wardens for each company, and the mark of the Company. This mark is a crown in the case of Sheffield, whilst an anchor distinguishes articles assayed at Birmingham. For silver of the higher standard, the Britannia stamp alone, un- accompanied by that of the lion's head erased, has been used by these offices. The Birmingham date- letters have been regular alphabets, but at Sheffield for the first half-century the letters were selected at random ; since 1824, however, both have used regular alphabets, though Sheffield has here and there omitted some letters. Examples of Sheffield Plate. Date. Maker's Mark and Namf,. IIW&CI Do. &C H-T TL Probably John Winter & Co., ent. 1773.' Geo. Ashfield & Co., ent. 1773.* In plain square. Tudor and Leader, ent. 1773.* John Parson & Co., ent. 1783.* IIP&CI Do. .... IT. S. & Co. Natt. Smith & Co. I l S 8rC°l John Green & Co., entt 1792. * English Goldsmiths. R. C. Hope, F.S.A. 35 GATESHEAD— LEEDS In addition to the towns empowered to mark plate by Act of Parliament, plate was made in other localities bearing marks that cannot be traced to any outside jurisdiction, but which can safely be attributed to the following towns : GATESHEAD A little plate was made and marked in Gates- head at the same period as in Hull. A tankard with flat lid of the later part of the seventeenth century, and a small mug in the possession of the late Rt. Hon. Sir J. R. Mowbray, Bart., both of which can be traced to a Northumbrian family, have a goat's head couped in a circle and the initials A'F, also in a circular stamp, both marks twice repeated. LEEDS The mark of a pendent lamb, like the badge of the Order of the Golden Fleece, is possibly referable to Leeds. It occurs with a maker's mark of TB in a heart-shaped shield on a paten at Almondbury Church in Yorkshire, and on a tumbler cup in the late Mr. Cripps's possession, etc. 1 1 is also found with maker's mark of ST in linked letters on a shaped escutcheon on a pair of patens, one of which, is dated 1702, at Harewood Church in the same county, and with a fleur-de-lys and maker's mark A.M. (probably A. Mangey) on a rat-tail spoon in the E. James coll. Another spoon has the mark in a square shield, maker's mark BB in a heart-shaped shield, and an italic B. (v$)k\ f?§) *-om. cup. — Almondbury, Yorks. \S3J Vy Also rat-tail spoon. — Richd. Wilson, Esq. Do. do. Tumbler cup.— The late W. J. Cripps, Esq., C.B. l*j Pair of patens, one dated 1702.— Harewood, Yorks. 36 CARLISLE— LINCOLN CARLISLE A single maker of village church-plate in the neighbourhood of Carlisle seems to have used a seeded rose as well as his initials. His name was probably Edward Dalton, and his mark is found on small and rudely made communion cups of the early Elizabethan period at Ireby, Bolton, Long Marton, and Cliburn, all in the county of Cumberland. (fi&t (Sft f^&\ Rude Communion cups. — Ireby, Bolton, etc., K&) W *&) Cumb. The seeded rose is taken from the old city arms ; and the same mark was used for stamping weights and measures at Carlisle. LINCOLN A mark usually found alone, and therefore only a maker's mark, occurs on about forty Elizabethan communion cups in Lincolnshire, and may pretty safely be assigned to a Lincoln craftsman, ®*X Communion cup, dated 1596. — Osbornby, North Cockering- ton, and Marsh Chapel, Line. Do. dated 1570. — Auborn and Upton-cum- Kexby, Line. Do. undated.— Haxey, Boultham, Scotton, etc., Line. On the two examples of the year 1570, at Auborn and Upton-cum-Kexby respectively, a pointed star, formed of nine small indentations without any shield or escutcheon, is found, as well as the above-mentioned maker's mark, and is accompanied by a capital Roman I. incuse. 37 TAUNTON— DORCHESTER TAUNTON A mark of considerable interest is found on flat- handled spoons prick-marked with dates ranging from 1770 to 1790. It consists of a tun or barrel placed across the stem of a large letter T, and no doubt stands for the town of Taunton. It is in the bowl of the spoon, which has TD with a fleur-de-lys under the letters on an escutcheon for maker's mark on the back of the handle. This spoon is in the collection of Mr. Chichester, of Hali. The same marks are found on a beaker in the Staniforth collection; on a paten dated 1676 at Wootton Courtenay in Somersetshire ; and on spoons of 1686 and 1691, noted by the Somerset- shire Archaeological Society, and many others. ffiP Spoon, dated 1673.— C. Chichester, Esq.. Hall, Devon. Paten, dated 1676. — Wootten Courtenay, Som. Communion cup, dated 1678. — Woolavington, Som. [These spoons are generally decorated on the back of the bowl with arabesques in die-stamping on either side of the rat-tail, and in front on the top of the handle.] DORCHESTER The following mark has lately been identified as that of Lawrence Stratford, of Dorchester, who, in 1579, 1583, and 1593, is mentioned in the Corporation and other records. T^T* «=3» "* Faten cover, dated 1574. — Maiden Newton, Dorset. 38 KING'S LYNN— SANDWICH BARNSTAPLE A spoon, bearing the following group of marks, viz. : 'BAR was made by John Peard, of Barnstaple. He was buried there Nov. 15, 1680. KING S LYNN Examples of plate are known, marked with the arms of Lynn, accompanied by a maker's mark. This town mark consists of a shield bearing three congers' heads erect, each with a cross croslet fitche in the mouth ; and it is found on a com- munion cup at the church of St. Peter, Southgate, Norwich, and on a paten in St. Nicholas' Chapel, King's Lynn. SANDWICH A very peculiar communion cup of tazza form and early sixteenth-century date, at St. Mary's, Sandwich, bears with other marks a lion passant and ship's hull dimidiated and conjoined, from the town arms. Its approximate date is known by the coincidence of the cup exactly matching a tazza also used as a chalice, at Wymeswold in Leicestershire, which is hall-marked 15 12, and also a similar tazza in the possession of Lord Swaythling, of the year 1500 (see illustration, No. 26). 39 PROVINCIAL MARKS SHERBORNE A mark frequently found by the late Mr. J. E. Nightingale, in Dorsetshire, has now been iden- tified as that of Richard Orenge, of Sherborne, in that county. Dorsetshire church-plate from 1574 to 1607. Somersetshire do. from 1572 to 1603. DOUBTFUL AND OTHER PROVINCIAL MARKS The above are some of the local marks which can at present be traced home with cer- tainty. But there are other marks, many of them pretty well known, that are of interest to us to note. They are generally of the middle of the seventeenth century ; the articles bearing them probably escaped more regular marking owing to the social disturbances with which their makers were surrounded. One of the best known of such marks is a fleur-de-lys within a plain or sometimes beaded circle. It is often found in the bowls of spoons of that date. Another is a cross in a beaded circle, pricked date 1628. Yet another is a small and indistinct mark of a circle crossed and re-crossed with lines, some of them running, like the spokes of a wheel, to the centre. This was found in the bowl of a spoon in the collection of the late Mr. R. Temple Frere, and of one at Cotehele : both of these have a small sitting figure like Buddha, by way of knop, and both have as maker's mark the letters RC with a five-pointed star between them on the back of the stems ; a seal-headed spoon 40 PROVINCIAL MARKS also at Cotehele bears the same marks, and 1647 for date pricked upon it. A fourth mark of the same kind is formed of four small hearts arranged with the points inwards, so as to form a sort of quatrefoil. As a general rule, this class of marks may be referred to the reign of Charles I., or else to the time of the Commonwealth. S GO IA\QRE| Communion cup, Eliz. band.— Halwell, Devon. ^g| fGPj Com. cup and cover, dated 1572.— Stanton, Glouc. /£jT|v Church plate, dated 1574— 75— 76.— Somersetshire. The tljjp second mark is often found sideways. ancUwice Maidenhead spoon (from Edkins collection).— The on handle. ^ W " J " Cri PP s ' Es ^' C a On Seal-head spoon, c. 1620. — handle. The late W. J. Cripps, Esq., C.B. Church plate, dated 1691. — Bradford and Tod- wick, Yorks. Rat-tailed spoon. — T. M. Fallow, Esq. Some spoons with very similar marks to the above-mentioned example of 1620 were in the late Mr. R. Temple Frere's collection, They are of about the same date, one being pricked 1629. The following marks occur mostly alone, as follows : — Elizabethan com. cup at Snave, Kent, with the letter R reversed. Com. cups, with Eliz. bands, dated 1570-76-77. — Cricklade St. Mary and Somerford Keynes, Wilts ; Winchcomb, Glouc. ; and others sometimes with another mark — W. Com. cup, dated 1571. — Upcerne, Dorset. Com. cups, dated 1573 and 1577.— Swepston and Dadlinglon, Leics. ; Preston Bagot, Warwicks, 1591. Alms dish. — St. Mary, South Baily, Durham City; and on the smaller mace at Wilton, Wilts. The latter piece is inscribed Ric. Grafton fecit, 1639. 4 1 PROVINCIAL MARKS Q] INORTHI Com. cup, Exeter pattern, dated 1574.— Curry Mallet, Som. •.£.*.• Com. cup, Exeter pattern, dated 1574. — Exton, Som. (ROJ Com. cup, Exeter pattern, dated 1574. — Libslock, Som. J JF • Early Eliz. com. cup and cover. — Preston-on-Stcur, Glouc. fp^ (Probably Wm. Mutton cf Chester, d. 1588). Com. cup, given occur together on a piece of church-plate and on a. spoon in a «*» I private collection, c. 1668. /j>5V 1587. — Long Itchington, Warwickshire. Paten cover, dated 1575- — Nolton, S. Wales. This mark occurs on ^55f3tS) mucn church-plate in St. David's Diocese, dated from 157410 \ ~J I5 g 7 [ffjl Com. cup, 1619.— Gosberton, Line. Paten, c. 1640. — Tisbury, Wilts. Com. cup, c. 1655. — Wraxall, Dorset. (Probably Thos. Vyner.) Gold chalice of middle of seventeenth century.— Chapel Royal, St, James's Palace. (Probably Wm. Cossley of Gloucester, d. 1691.) Four times on flagon.— S. Nicholas, Glouc. Given 166S. (Probably Nath. Bullen of Chester, adm. 1669, steward 1683). — S. Mary's, Chester. Com. cup and paten, dated 1677. Bishop's Knoyle, Wilts. Also paten, undated.— Winkfield, Wilts. Spoon, pricked date 1685.— Dunn-Gardner Coll. Charles II. tankard, 1683.— Per Mr. L. Reid. Flagon, given 1700. — Corsley, Wilts. Also paten given 1704. Kingston Deverill, Wilts. Set of church-plate, dated 1706.— Bruton, Som. Also paten, undated, Ansford, Som. Also cup and its salver with casing of pierced work.— Colerne, Wilts. Also paten, dated 1 707. — Poulshot, Wilts. 42 PROVINCIAL MARKS An indistinct rose mark found by the late Mr. Trollope in Leicestershire prevails widely on Elizabethan church-plate in Warwickshire, and the cinquefoil or five-petalled flower, as at Long Itchington, Warwickshire, 1587, is also a recog- nised Warwickshire mark. It is not unfrequently found on seal-head spoons in the Midlands. Both the two last-named marks, occurring as they do near Coventry, may be referable to that city or to goldsmiths there. The G and fleur-de-lys (the latter mark at first incuse, but later in a circular punch) may be Ipswich town marks at different periods, the G indicating the older form of the name of that town — Gippeswic. Occasionally a wavy cross is indented by the side of the G. This seems, like the Norwich zigzag, to be the mark made in scraping silver for assay, and tends to confirm the idea that the G is an official, and not a private mark. Besides the G and the fleur-de-lys marks a sexfoil, the letter W under a crown, and the mark of four hearts in a cross are common on church-plate in parts of Suffolk. Indeed, before 1 700 much provincial plate is either unmarked, has maker's initials or some nondescript marks, the sig- nificance of which can only be guessed at. Besides the capital W in Suffolk another W is found on church-plate in Worcestershire, indicating probably Worcester. This list will be prolonged by the experience of most readers of this volume. The following table gives a summary, in a form convenient for reference, of all that has been said about ancient provincial English hall-marks, and some illustrations of those which are of the most importance to the collector of old plate : 43 •3„-S 2 o H < T3.S ■d m a ■7 5 o s - a. S 3 < S 4-1 ■a fl) x: o , n *"■ — .g c £ u. & c > o Tl U J c ac o c -1- [/} •— ■ H u 3 d Cc H U flj O 3 2 M •a I 5 " 15 3 O Q o O WW y* §3 K u o r; rt 4) 3 0JT3 Z° E - om'-a o Sx r J3£ •a-o ""S u 05 W i-> in U) K U w w 33 Sh" 5.5 |1 «*£ is 5 *E » B "I O S 44 45 > o OS s b o u CH Ft * . J3 r'n <- < l IO ( "ir =; S.°° cs) ^ ri ** C £o ls *5 S-. a, fa •a c -K lowed ; crown and '62 and and 37 ■3 * iflNO\ c S *■ , ' •° H 2 u ^£ 3 -egg £ flN O^ S 3 5 J"!_ " , - 00 «i V «.* N >T3 a 00 K™ O ££* rt i-i fc. 00 > S3 fn •=' 1 M .2 s g 2 O O rt CHAPTER III SCOTLAND AND IRELAND In Scotland attention was paid at an early period to the fineness of wrought gold and silver, and steps were taken by the Legislature to prevent frauds in the working of those metals. In 1489 a statute of the second Parliament of James IV. enacted that every goldsmith should have an especial mark, sign, and token to be put to his work, and that a deacon of the craft of goldsmiths should examine the said work, and put his mark and sign upon the work as a token of its true assay. The earliest marks, therefore, were the maker's and deacon's punches only, to which the mark of the town of Edinburgh was added in 1483. The introduction of a variable date-letter seems nearly coincident with the granting of the charter of James VII., the first mention of it being in September, 1681, when a small black letter a was adopted as the letter for the ensuing year. It has been changed regularly ever since on the first hall-day in October, We have now enumerated four of the marks to be found on plate assayed in Edinburgh — the maker's, the deacon's, the castle, and the date- letter. Two others have to be mentioned — one an alteration and the other an addition. In 1759 the deacon's mark was abolished, the standard 47 SCOTLAND mark of a thistle being substituted for it ; and in 1784, as in England, the Sovereign's head was ordained as a duty mark. To sum up in chronological form, the Edin- burgh marks are : 1. Maker's mark, from 1457. 2. Standard mark, being deacon's initials from 1457 to 1 68 1 ; and assay-master's from 1681 to 1 759, when the thistle was substituted for it. 3. The town mark of a castle, from 1483. 4. The date-letter from 168 1-2. 5. The duty mark of the Sovereign's head, from 1 784, as in England. As so much of our means of dating old Scotch plate depends upon the deacon's mark, the first thing to do is to give a list of the deacons of the craft from early times down to the year 168 r, when the deacon's initials ceased to be used as the standard mark ; and after doing so, it will be as well to give a tabular view of some typical examples of Edinburgh marks from 161 7 to 1778, in order that the character of Scotch hall-marking may be seen at a glance. * List of Edinburgh Deacons. 1525. Adam Lies. 1554. Thomas Ewing*. 1526. Thomas Rynd. 1556. Thomas Rynd. 1529. Michaell Gilbert. 1558. Michaell Gilbert. ■530. James Collie. 1561. Thomas Ewing. '53«- Allans Mossman. 1562. George Rind. I532- John Lyle. 1563. James Collie. 1534. George Hekiot. 1564. Do. IS3S- Thomas Rynd. 1565-6-7. George Heriot 1544. John Lyle. 1568. James Mosman. >547- Archibald Maysonn. 1572. Adam Craig. 1548. John Gilbert. 1573- Do. 155°. John Lyle. 1574. David Denniston. >55'- Michaell Rynd. 1575. George Heriot. 1552. Thomas Ewing. 1577. William Colie. 1553- Do. 1578. Do. See " Old English Plate" (W. J. Cripps, CB.) 48 EDINBURGH DEACONS 1579. Edward Hairt. 1633. George Crawfurd. 1580. Do. 1634. Do. 1581. David Denneistoun. 1635. Adam Lamb. 1582. Edward Hairt. 1636. Do. 1583. Thomas Annand. 1637. John Scott. 1584. George Heriot. 1638. Do. 1585. John Mosman. 1639. Adam Lamb. 1586. Ion Mosman. 1640. Thos. Cleghorn. 1587. Adame Craige. 1641. Do. 1588. Adame Craige. 1642. Jas. Dennistoun. 1589. George Heriot, Sr. 1643. Do. 1590. Do. 1644. Adam Lamb. 1591. William Colie. 1645. Do. 1592. Do. 1646. John Scott. 1 593- Do. 1647. Do. 1594. Do. 1648. George Cleghorn. 1595. Clauderone Beyeard. 1649. Do. 1596. [David Heriot.] 1650. Jas. Fairbairn. 1597* Daniell Claufuird. 1651. Do. 1598. George Heriot. 1652. Do. 1599. David Heriot. 1653. Andrew Burnett 1600. Do. [Burrell]. 1601. George Foullis. 1654. Do. 1602. Do. 1655. George Cleghorn. 1603. George Heriot. 1656. George Cleghorn. 1604. Robert Colie. 1657. Jas. Fairbairn. 1605. George Foullis. 1658. Do. 1606. Do. 1659. Andrew Burnett 1607. George Heriot. [Burrell]. 1608. Robert Dennistoun. 1660. Do. 1609. Do. 1661. Patrick Borthwick. 1610. George Foullis. 1662. Do. 161 1. David Palmer. 1663. Edward Cleghorn. 1612. Do. 1664. Do. 1613. James Dennistoun. 1665. Jas. Symontone. 1614. Do. 1666. Do. 1615. George Crawfurd. 1667. Alex. Scott. 1616. Do. 1668. Do. 1617. John Lindsay. 1669. Alex. Reid. 1618. Do. 1670. Do. 1619. Jas. Dennistoun. 1671. Edward Cleghorn. 1620. Do. 1672. Do. 1621. George Crawfurd. 1673. Thos. Cleghorn. 1622. Do. 1674. Edward Cleghorn [Alex. 1623. Gilbert Kirkwoode. Reid]. 1624. Do. 1675. W. Law. 1625. Alex. Reid. 1676. Do. 1626. Do. 1677. Alex. Reid. 1627. Adam Lamb. 1678. Do. 1628. Do. 1679. Edward Cleghorn. 1629. Alex. Reid. 1680. Do. 1630 Do. 1681. Thos. Yourston. 1631. Jas. Dennistoun. 1682. Do. 1632. Do. 49 EDINBURGH To illustrate the use of the deacon's mark in dating old Scotch plate, it is the proper place to turn here to our tabular view of marks on old plate. The sets of marks are numbered to cor- respond with the biographical notes which belong to and follow them. The maker's mark is as a rule found on the left of the Edinburgh mark, and the deacon's or assay-master's on the right of it. I. — 1617. Edinburgh City mace. 2. — 1618. Fyvie com. cup. 3.— 1633. Trinity College bread -plate. 4. — 1642. Tolbooth Church com. cups, Edinburgh. 5. — 1646. Newbattle com. cup. 6. — 1657. Dunbar com. cups. 7. — 1677. Pittenweem com. cup. 8. — 1686. Dunblane com. cups. 9. — 1692. Culross com. cups, dated 1693. 10. — 1 717. Legerwood com. cups, dated 1717. EDINBURGH II.— 1728. William Ay- loun. 12.— 1735. James Kerr. 13.— 1746. Edward Lo- thian. 14.— 1760. Robt. Gordon. 15.— 1778. Patrick Robert- son. Examples of Edinburgh Plate, prior to 1681. With Maker's and Deacon's Marks. 1561 1586? 1596-9? c. 1610 1617-8 1619-20 1623-4 1633 1638 MM (HD GS) GK OK I-L Maker, Alex. Auchinleck. Deacon, Thos. Ewing. Mazer, dated 1567. — St. Mary's Coll., St. Andrew's. Maker and Deacon, probably John Mosman. Com. cup, undated. — Rosneath. [Maker, Hugh Lyndsay, adm 1587. Deacon, David Heriot, adm. 1592.] — Com. cup, un- dated. Currie. Maker, Robt. Dennistoun [adm. 1597]. Deacon, illegible. The George Heriot Loving Cup, formed of a Nautilus shell. — The Heriot Trust, Edinburgh. Maker, G. Kirkwoode, as in 1623-4. Deacon, John Lyndsay. Com. cups, undated. — Carstairs and Glencairn. Maker as last. Deacon, James Dennistoun [adm. 1598]. Com. cup, undated. — Blantyre. Maker and Deacon, Gilbert Kirkwoode. Com. cups, undated. — Marnock and Beith. Maker, probably Thos. Cleghorn [adm. 1604]. Deacon, George Crawfurd. Com. cups, dated 1633. — Old Grey Friars Ch., Edinburgh. [Maker, John Frazer, adm. 1624]. Deacon, John Scott. Com. cup, tazza form on baluster stem, given 1638 to Monifuth. — Messrs. G. Lambert, 1888. 51 EDINBURGH 1642-3 Do. Do.? 1645 1645 1649 Do. 1650 I6S3-4 1655-6 1663-4? 1667 1670 1680 Do. Maker, Nicol Trotter [adm. 1635]. Deacon, James Fairbairn. Com. cups, dated 1643. — Tolbooth Ch., Edinburgh. Deacon as last. Com. -Canongate Parish Ch., Maker, John Scott. cup, dated 1644. Edinburgh. Maker [Robert Gibson, adm. 1628]. Deacon as last. Com. cup, undated. — Dalkeith. Maker as in 1633. Deacon, Adam Lamb. Com. cup, dated 1646. — Newbattle. Maker [Andro Dennistoun, adm. 1636]. Deacon as last. Com. cup, dated 1646. — Newbattle. Maker, John Scott. Deacon, George Cleg- liorn. Com. cup on baluster stem, dated 1650. — Dalmellington. Maker, Andrew Burnett [Burrell]. Deacon, George Cleghorn. Basin, dated 1649. — Old Grey Friars Ch., Edinburgh. Maker, George Crawfurd. Deacon, James Fairbairn, as above in 1642-3. Com. cup, dated 1650.— Dalmellington. Maker and Deacon, Andrew Bumett [Burrell]. Com. cup, undated. — Paisley. Maker, Peter Neilsone [adm. 1647]. Deacon, George Cleghorn. Spoons. — Heirs of Thomas Maxwell. Maker, Alex. Scott [adm. 1649]. Deacon, Edward Cleghorn [adm. 1649]. Com. cups, undated. — Linlithgow. Maker, W. Law. Deacon, James Symontone. Com. cup, dated 1667. Glencross. Also Com. cup, dated 1673. — Mid-Calder. Maker and Deacon, Alex. Reid. Com. cups, dated 1670. — North Berwick. Maker and Deacon, Edward Cleghorn. Com. cup, dated 1681. — Newbattle. Examples of Edinburgh Plate, from 1681. With Maker's Marks and the Assay-master's Mark till its discontinuance in 1759. 1682 Do. [Probably James Cockburn, adm. 1669.] Jug. — The late Lord Murray. Assay-master, John Borthwick, 1681-96. Duddingston Church plate, dated 1682. [Rev. T. Burns reverst s this mark and attributes it to E. Cleghorn.] 52 EDINBURGH 1682 Do. Do. 1683 1685 1689 1690 1691 1692 1694 1695 1698 1 701 Do. Do. W ® Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. S3 (jj f 1702 1703 S*P Do. a 1704 m 1 705 ® 1707 B.I Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. [Andrew Law.] Baptismal basin. — Tron Church, Edinburgh. Com. cups.— Culross. [Rev. T. Burns at- tributes these to W. Law.] Com. cup. — Pittenweem. (Thos. Yourston.) Com. cup. — Peebles. Jas. Cockburn, as in 1682. Communion cups, dated 1686. — Auchtermuchtie. (Do.) Benholm Church plate, dated 1690. [Walter Scott, adm. 1686] Church-plate, dated 1689.— Temple Ch., Edinburgh. [John Lawe, adm. 1662.] Com. cup, gift of Hay.— Falkland. [James Sympsone, adm. 1687.] Church-plate, dated 1693. — Benholm. (Robert Ingles.) Church-plate, dated 1694. — Prestonkirk. (Thos. Cleghorn, adm. 1689.) Com. cups. — Prestonpans. [Thos. Ker, adm. 1694.] Trinity College Church plate, dated 1698. Also 1704 Com. cups, given 1705.— St. Michael's, Dumfries. Assay-master, James Penman, 1696 — 1708. [Geo. Scott, adm. 1697.] Communion cup, dated 1702. — New North Kirk, Edinburgh. [J. Penman.] Com. plate, dated 1702. — Dunning, Perthshire. (Thos. Cleghorn, as in 1695.) Dalmeny Church plate, presented by Lord Rosebery, 1702. Also 1703 Com. cups, dated 1703. — Mertoun Kirk, St. Boswell's. Com. cup, given 1702. — Pittenweem. Com. cup, given 1704. — New North Kirk, Edinburgh. (Maker as in 1701.) New North Kirk Com- munion cup, dated 1704. [Alex. Kincaid, adm. 1692.] Carmichael Church plate, dated 1705. [James Taitt, adm. 1704.] Rattray Church plate. Also 1731 Com. cups. — Crichton. (Robert Ingles, as in 1694.) Communion cup, Cromdale, Morayshire, given by Jean Houston, Lady Grant, 1708. 53 EDINBURGH 1707 Do. 1708 Do. 1712 1716 1717 Do. Do. 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 Do. 1726 1727 1728 1729 1732 1733 ws 0@E) Do. Do. Do. (HK) Do. AF Do. EI Do. HI QSD lis] Do. BI Do. S Do. ® Do. ® Do. <£> Do. {^> Do. m Do. <$> Do. ($) Do. ® m ($> Do. IWAl Do. (Maker as in 1690.) Communion cups, dated 1708.— Lady Yester's Ch., Edinburgh. Assay-master, Edward Penman, 1708-29. [MungoYourstone.adm. 1702.J Baptismallaver, dated 1708. — New North Kirk, Edinburgh. Eddleston Communion cups, dated 1709. Also 1714 Com. cups, dated 1714. — Maryton. [Robt. Ker, adm. 1705.] Com. cups. — Iron- gray. [Alex. Forbes, adm. 1692.] Candlesticks. — Cluny. (Robert Ingles, as in 1694.) Abbotshall (near Kirkaldy) Church plate, dated 1717. (Patrick Turnbull.) Legerwood Com. cups, dated 1717. (Robert Ingles, as in 1694.) Errol Church plate, dated 1718. [John Seatoune, adm. 1688.] Com. cups, dated 1 7 19. — Corstorphine. (Robert Ingles, as in 1694.) Galashiels Church plate, dated 1719. [Wm. Ged, adm. 1706.] Punch bowl of the Royal Company of Archers, dated 1 720: [Alex. Simpson, adm. 1710.] Pencaitland Church plate, dated 1721. [Harry Beatone, adm. 1704.] Kelso Church plate, presented by Christiana Kerr, "daur. of the Master of Chatto and widow of Frogden, 1722." [Colin Campbell, adm. 1714.] Spoons. — Alexander Drysdale, Esq. Also 1723 Com. cups, dated 1723. — Dalziel. [Chas. Dickson, adm. 1719.] Com. cup, dated 1722. — Ayr. [Qy. Hatry Beatone.] Forteviot (Perth) Church plate, given 1727. [Patrick Gream, adm. 1725.] Tablespoons. — Marquis of Breadalbane. [Alexr. Edmonstoune, adm. 1721.] Com. cups, dated 1729. — Anstruther Easter. (James Kerr.) St. Ninian's Church plate. Also •733 Com. cups, given 1734. — Auchinleck. Assay-master Archibald Ure, 1729-40. [John Main, adm. 1729.] Kincardine Church plate, given 1733. Also 1733 Com. cup, dated 1734. — Panbride. (Wm. Ayton.) Com. cup. — Kilrinney. 54 EDINBURGH 1735 1736 Do. 1741 Do. 1742 1743 Do. Do. >747 '749 1751 Do. 1752 1753 1754 1755 1760 1762 1763 1 765 1766 1770 1771 11 Do. Do. (HP] Do. Do. WA GEO Do. EL LO 918 EL EL Do. Do. Do. Do. leg m |K»D| Do. ICLAR N Do. Do. ® Do. Era] Do. [iiMiil Do. (James Kerr, as in 1729.) Bowl on feet. — Castle Grant. (Do. ) Set of salvers. Do. [Hugh Penman, adm. 1734.] Com. cups, dated 1737. — Kinross. (Maker as in 1733, Dougal Ged, Deacon 1740-1, acting as Assay-master). Com. cup, dated 1742. — Newburgh. [Maker, Laurence Oliphant, adm. 1737.] Deacon as last. Com. cup, dated 1742. — Alloa. [Maker, Robt. Gordon, adm. 1741.] Edw. Lothian, Deacon 1742-3, acting as Assay- master. Beakers, dated 1744. — Auldearn. [Maker, Edw. Lothian, and again as Deacon for Assay-master as above.] Com. cups dated 1744. — Kembach. Do. Do. Com. cups dated 1744. — Kirkcudbright. Do. Do. Silver club, dated 1744. — Edinburgh Golf Club. Guthrie Church plate, dated 1748. Assay- master, Hugh Gordon, 1744-59. [Ker and Dempster ] Old Church, Edinburgh, Communion cups, dated 1750. [John Clark, adm. 1751.] Forks. Noted by author. [Ebenezer Oliphant, adm. 1737.] Kettle and stand. Noted by author. (Dougal Ged, adm. 1734.) Spoons. [James Gillsland, adm. 1748.] Pepper-box. — Sir George Home, Bart. Also 1762 Com. cups, dated 1763. — Gordon. [Lothian and Robertson.] Lochgoilhead Church plate, given by Sir James Living- stone, of Glenterran, Bart., 1754. [Ker and Dempster.] Double-handled por- ringer. — Castle Grant. [Alexr. Aitcheson, adm. 1746.] Com. cup, dated 1761. — Langton. r „ 7 .„. _ , f St. Cuthbert's Parish Chapel [William DrummondJ of Ease> Edinburghj Co ^. adm. 1760.] ^ munion plate, dated 1763. Do. Do. baptismal laver dated 1 763. (Maker as in 1755.) Auchinleck Church plate, from Lady Auchinleck,"given by Lord Auchinleck,i 766." (Patrick Robertson, / Cake-basket. — Messrs. Mac- adm. 1751.) \ kay and Chisholm. Do. Spoons. — Capt. Gordon of Cluny. [James Walsh, adm. 1746.] Plain bowl. Castle Grant. 55 EDINBURGH 1776 (WO) 1777 PR 1783 im 1784 1785 1788 \33C\ m PR 1789 Do. 1790 Do. Do. m 1 791 WC PC 1795 IWRI 1799 FH [William Davie, adm. 1740.] Oxnam Church plate, dated 1776. (Patrick Robertson, as in 1766.) Mauchline Church plate, dated 1777. (William Davie, as in 1776.) Cramond Church plate. [James Hewitt, adm. 1760.] St. Andrew's (Edin- burgh) Church plate (Francis Howden.) Leecroft (Bridge of Allan) Church plate. (Patrick Robertson, as in 1766.) Mauchline baptismal basin. (Do.) Pencaitland Church plate, given . I789- (Do. ) Kippen Church plate, given 1 790. [Alex. Gairdner, ent. I7S4-] Carmylie Church plate, given 1791- [William and Patrick Cun- \Tolbooth Church baptis- ningham, adm. 1776.] / mal basin, renewed 1792. (William Robertson, adm. 1789.) Westerkirk Church plate. (Franci-s Howden, as in 1785.) Kincardine Church plate, dated 1799. SCOTTISH PROVINCIAL MARKS In Glasgow the old town mark was the arms, with the bell on one side of the tree, a letter G on the other ; the fish's head is sometimes to the dexter, and sometimes to the sinister side, and has a ring in its mouth : of this mark we have above twenty examples between the years 1 694 and 1 766. On early plate the town mark is on a small round punch, so small that it is often difficult to recognise the bearings at all. In most examples we have a date-letter, but it is impossible to place them in regular order, except for a very short period. It seems probable that the letters used at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the following century were of the same character as 56 SCOTTISH PROVINCIAL MARKS those of the first two Edinburgh alphabets, and that the same letters stood for nearly the same years at both places. The letter S in various escutcheons which appears on several of the fol- lowing examples in 1734, and later, and the letter O at c. 1770, seem not to have, been date-letters. Mr. A. J. S. Brook suggests that S denotes " standard " quality. Glasgow, 1697. [Robert Brook, 1673.] Church plate, dated 1697. — Hamilton. Glasgow, 1701. Com. cups, formerly at Cardross. — Sudeley Castle. Glasgow, 1 703. Renfrew Church plate. Glasgow, 1708. Greenock, West Church plate. Glasgow, 1710. Com. cups, dated 1709. — Barony Church, Glasgow. Also at Kilmarnock, 1709. Glasgow, 1727. Qohan Biltzing, adm. 1717.] Com. cups, dated 1 727. — Dumbarton. Glasgow, 1734. Com. cups, dated 1734. Barony Church, Glasgow. _ w, 1752. Com cup, dated 1752. — Dalmellington. Also cups dated 1752.— Bothwell. Glasgow. 1765. [Probably Bayne and Napier.] St. Quivox Church plate. — Ayr. Glasgow, c. 1770. [Milne and Campbell.] Com. cups, undated.— Inverary. w (§ © d] @ m in IG ll In Dundee also the town mark was the arms, a pot of three growing lilies, of which we have only a few examples. The shape of the flowers is not always quite the same. 57 SCOTTISH PROVINCIAL MARKS Dundee, 1652. Forgan Church plate, Fife LQy- Robert Gairdyne.] Dundee, 1665. Dundee parish church, alms-dish. Also St. Vigean's, Arbroath, dated 1667. [Thos. Lyndsay, 1662.] At Aberdeen the town mark was a contraction BD or ABD. In the first Aberdeen mark given the WM stands for the maker's name, Walter Melvil ; the XX may be the quality of the silver. casta oatur lis Iingue suppeaitatur. [The mazer towards the end of the fifteenth century and early part of the sixteenth was sometimes mounted on to a truncated stem of silver, finishing in a plinth or foot with a crenellated cresting. There is one of these standing mazers belonging to Pembroke College, Cambridge, and called the " Foundress' Cup," and another at Caius College of similar make.J THE SALT We now come to what was the principal article of domestic plate in English houses of whatever degree. The massive salt-cellar, which adorned 74 75 SALTS the centre of the table, served to indicate the importance of its owner, and to divide the lord and his nobler guests from the inferior guests and menials, who were entitled to places " below the salt" and at the lower ends of the tables only. It seems rather to have served this purpose than to hold salt for the meal, a supply of which was usually placed near each person's trencher in a smaller salt-cellar, called a " trencher" salt. Omitting for the present the smaller trencher salts, there are four patterns of Old English salt- cellars, of which examples have come down to our time. First come the hour-glass salts of the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII., of which some five or six hall-marked specimens are known, besides one or two undated. The undated ones are the older, and they comprise some of the finest workmanship and great beauty. Two are at Oxford, Corpus Christi College and New College each boasting of one. The Corpus salt was given by the founder, Bishop Fox ; and bearing the letters R and E amongst the orna- mentation, it seems safe to refer it to the period during which he held the see of Exeter, 1487 to 1492. The New College specimen (No. 3), given by Walter Hill, is dated 1493, and serves well as an illustration of these beautiful salts. [The existing cover given in other illustrations pro- bably does not belong to the salt, so it is better to give the example without any cover.] A pair at Christ's College, Cambridge, part of the plate of the foundress, Margaret, Countess of Richmond, are a few years later in period. They are ornamented with a double rose in repouss6 76 NO. 3. SALT, (1493) AT NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD. r To face p. 76. SALTS on the alternate lobes and Gothic work with pinnacles at the angles round the waist. By the middle of the sixteenth century we come to the second type, cylindrical in shape, the finial to the cover generally taking the form of a small figure ; the earliest of this class is at Corpus College, Oxford. Later specimens of this fashion of salt are in the possession of the Goldsmiths' and the Armourers' Companies. These cylindrical salts occur oftener than the square ones. The example selected to repre- sent them (No. 4) is one in the possession of the Corporation of Norwich, given by Peter Reade, who died in 1568. Norwich in the following year. 77 NO. 4.— CYLINDRICAL SALT (1569) IN THE POSSESSION OF THE CORPORATION OF NORWICH. It was made in SALTS The beautiful salt of the Vintners' Company, dated 1569, belongs to the square type of this order. At the very end of the sixteenth century we find a circular bell-shaped salt, or spice-box, in three tiers or compartments, much in fashion, but only for a few years. They are no doubt the " Bell " salts of contemporary inventories ; the two lower compartments form salt-cellars, and the upper one serves as a pepper-castor. The decoration always consists of a strapwork in low relief, intersected by guilloched bandings. The feet are invariably of the ball and claw type. One of these salts of 1 594, found at Stoke Prior, is now in the Kensington Museum ; a pair, one of 1599 and the other of the following year, were in the possession of the late Sir G. Dasent. Another fine specimen is in the collection of Lord Swaythling. Their value is great, a fine specimen being worth over ^1500. [About 1625, in place of a close cover to the cylindrical salt, a shallow cupola was raised on scroll brackets surmounted by a spire resembling that found on "steeple cups'' of the time; the surface of the cylinder and cover, like much plate of that period, was plain except for the intro- duction of an engraved coat of arms. No. 5 is an example of these salts, which were sometimes in two tiers, the upper compartment being pro- bably used for pepper. The standing salt towards the end of the reign of Charles I. and during the Commonwealth, ceased to occupy the same important position as in former times, for as re- publican sentiments grew and spread, so the hard 78 NO. 5. STEEPLE SALT (1626), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAVTIILING. [To face p. 78. SALTS and fast lines of caste began to diminish, and the objects connected with their observance ceased to be in demand, therefore the form (No. 6), which carries us through the seventeenth century from 1638 to 1685, is practically the last standing salt of ceremony.] The earlier salts were carefully covered to NO. 6. — OCTAGONAL SALT (1685) AT MERCERS' HALL, LONDON. preserve the cleanliness of the salt, and perhaps to prevent the introduction of poison ; in these later varieties the small projecting arms were for supporting a napkin, with which it now became usual to cover the salt-cellar with the same object. "Trencher" salts are at first triangular or circular, with a depression in their upper surface. 79 SALTS [The specimen No. 7, measuring 1 inch in height and 2j inches in diameter, is probably the earliest example known, being of the last year of Elizabeth and the first of James I. These little salts maintained the above proportions until the reign of William III., when their height was increased to about two inches, as in the specimen of 1690 (No. 8). No. 9 represents a cylindrical salt of Anne, and No. 10 the plain octagonal type of the first quarter of the eighteenth century.] These, and such as these, obtained till the reign of George II., when a small circular salt standing upon three feet came in, such as No. 1 1, which gave way in its turn to the boat-shaped pattern, with pointed end, as in No. 12, some- times terminating in handles, so common at the end of the eighteenth century, when everything was made oval that could by any possibility at all be got into that shape. STONEWARE JUGS There are few collectors who have not tried to secure for their cabinets one or more of the mottled stoneware jugs, with silver cover and neck-mounts, silver foot-band, and sometimes also with side straps, which were in vogue for the greater part of the sixteenth century. The jugs themselves were imported from Germany, probably from Cologne, and were mounted by the English silversmiths. The earliest notices of them occur about 1530 to 1540, and from that time to the end of the century they were common 80 NO. 13. STONEWARE JUG {1574)* [To face p. bo. STONEWARE JUGS enough ; they seem to have gone out of fashion at the beginning of the seventeenth century, for it would be difficult to find a single specimen with so late a hall-mark. As regards ornamentation they are all very much alike ; the well-known Elizabethan interlaced fillets, with running foliage, are often engraved around the neck-bands of the earlier specimens, whilst those later specimens are more often decorated with rather high repousse work. [An example is given of a mounted tiger-ware jug (No. 13) dated 1574. This shows Eliza- bethan engraving on the necking, repousse work on the lid and foot, and cast terminal figures for the side strappings, the three methods of decora- tion employed at the time. The weight of the silver fittings, xiii oz. xvi dwts., is engraved under- neath the foot.] Jugs or " covered pots " of the same shape are found in silver sometimes, just as we shall see the cocoa-nut or the ostrich egg suggested shapes to the goldsmiths. TANKARDS [The idea of a covered drinking vessel with a handle takes another form in the shape of the tankard. The word seems first to occur in this sense about 1575, and from that time is constantly applied to the vessels that have since been known as tankards.] One of the earliest extant specimens of what we should now call a tankard is No. 14, and is preserved at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. It is of the year 1571, and is elaborately ornamented with arabesque bands 81 G TANKARDS of repousse and engraved work, and three circular medallions with masks in high relief within laurel wreaths. [These early tankards were sometimes made of horn, mounted with covers, handles and bands of decorated silver as in No. 15. The lower portion of the horn no doubt originated the form of the first silver tankards, which pre- served their early proportions until the beginning of the seventeenth century.] [About 1580 the character of the decoration changed and consisted entirely of ornament in repousse, distributed all over the surface of the tankard.] This elaborate repousse work was continued, upon the taller upright, and straight- sided examples found in the reigns of James I. and Charles I. ; one of these belonging to the Corporation of Bristol, dated 1634, is given in No. 16. [At this time the dome shape to the cover was abandoned, and a flat lid shaped like a cap was introduced. A little later all ornament on tankards was discarded, and a so-called petticoat of concave form, both on tall and short varieties, replaced the convex base of the previous century. No. 17 is an example of this kind, dated 1640. Although this tall plain shape was adopted for flagons in ecclesiastical use, it is constantly found employed for secular purposes, and in such instances specimens generally bear the arms and initials of the owner.] [During the Protectorate this petticoat was abandoned, and the base of the tankard became perfectly plain, or surrounded by a simple moulding, the drum was wide in proportion to its depth and the cover nearly flat, with but one 82 O ft 3a o TANKARDS step-moulding ; these plain flat-topped tankards NO. l6— TANKARD (1634), THE PROPERTY OF THE CORPORATION OF BRISTOL. continued to be made until about 1715, but between 1675 and 1690 a surbase decoration of 83 TANKARDS upright acanthus in repousse^ as in No. 18, or the same pattern in applied ornament called card- cutting, was introduced. At other times the entire surface was covered with a pseudo-Chinese engraving representing figures and trees in outline.] [During the reigns of William and Anne tankards were rather slighter in the drum, but remained plain. Very occasionally a narrow fillet was added round the plain surface about two inches from the bottom.] [Flat-topped, straight-sided tankards went out of fashion about the year 1715, when a slightly dome-shaped cover, and later a swelling drum, became the fashion. These were sometimes decorated with repousse ornament of the period ; but it is wise for the collector to be sceptical with such specimens, the majority of them being but plain tankards, worked up in later times for the unwary purchaser.] STANDING CUPS AND HANAPS. An article of hardly less importance in mediaeval times than the great salt-cellar, was the standing cup in which lord, abbot, or gentleman received his wine from the butler's hand after it had been duly " essayed." Whilst simple " treen " cups were used by the lower classes, those which graced the tables of the high-born and wealthy were always of great magnificence and of costly material. The splendour of the cup marked the consequence of him who used it, as the standing salt did the 84 NO. 17. (1640), PROPERTY OF MRS. PERCY MACQUOID. [To face p. 84. 'Sss^S I 6 STANDING CUPS position of the lord of the feast ; and if not of gold, silver, or silver-gilt, it was formed of some then rare material, such as the egg of the ostrich, the shell of the cocoanut, or, at least, of curiously- mottled wood mounted on a foot and surrounded with bands of precious metal. The word " hanap " was applied in mediaeval days to these standing cups with covers, but only, as it would seem, to cups of some size and importance. Turning now to standing cups as we find them, precedence must be given to those made of ostrich eggs and cocoa-nuts, mounted in silver, and having feet of the same metal. These were very popular in early times, and they are classed together because they are of similar size and shape, and their mounting is of the same character. Sometimes the cup itself was formed of silver or silver-gilt, shaped as an egg or nut, and in these cases it is difficult to say which of the two it is intended to represent. Cocoanut cups of the fifteenth century are to be seen at Oriel and New Colleges, Oxford, the latter society owning two specimens. The great City Companies possess several : the Vintners, the Armourers, and the Ironmongers each possess examples of these cups. [The example (No. 19) is in the possession of Caius College, Cambridge, and is of about the middle of the fifteenth century ; on the flat part of the rim is pounced a very beautiful design of birds and scrolls of foliage ; round the lower part of the stem is a landscape of similar work- manship. This decoration is not visible in the illustration.] 85 STANDING CUPS [These cocoanut cups continued to be made throughout the sixteenth century, and even during the seventeenth and eighteenth, mounted and strapped with silver ornamentation of the time. In Elizabethan times the surface of the nut was often elaborately carved with subjects or decora- tion in arabesque.] Ostrich-egg cups are not so common, perhaps because they were rather more easily broken. Exeter College, Oxford, possesses an egg cup of the first years of the seventeenth century, and the Earl Howe another of earlier date ; the beautiful cup of this class belonging to Lord Swaythling is also well known. Lastly, we come to standing cups made entirely of the precious metals themselves. The earliest specimen bearing a recognised English hall-mark, and therefore of an ascertained date, is no older than 148 1. [This is the "Anathema" cup (No. 20), so called from the circumstance that the donor, Thomas Langton, Bishop of Winchester, had engraved on its base the legend : Siui alienabetit anathema ait. It is a plain expanded cup on a trumpet- shaped stem, the foot decorated with a riband scroll divided by roses, and a plain moulding ; a similar moulding encircles the upper part of the stem, and above it are six hemispherical bosses. It is the property of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and stands 85 inches, the diameter at the lip being j\ inches.] The " Leigh " cup of the Mercers' Company (No. 21) is the second earliest of the hanaps 86 8* 8£ m M o « n s M a H < H K H o STANDING CUPS known to be hall-marked. It is of the year 1499, silver gilt, 16 inches high and 6^ inches in diameter. The pierced band of Gothic tracery with a cresting of Tudor flowers is repeated around the cover, and in the lozenge- shaped panels, into which the bowl of the cup is divided by the intersec- tion of corded bands, are maidens' busts and flagons alternately. The coat-of-arms around the knop, and the lettered bands, are in enamel. We now come to a typical specimen of Eliza- bethan art in the tall cup (No. 22), no less than 21J inches in height, which was given by Archbishop Parker to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Not the less English because it re- minds us of the fine Dutch and German hanaps of thesame period, itisone of the finest of its class. At the beginning of the seventeenth century another very distinctive 87 NO. 22. — STANDING CUP (1569), AT CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. STANDING CUPS fashion prevailed, [and the cup (No. 23) belonging to Winchester College is an admirable illustration of it. The foot resembles those of earlier cups, but the stem is different, being formed as acanthus or other leaves, the upper part of it baluster- shaped and decorated with small female terminal figures in the shape of hippocampi. It forms a link between the Elizabethan and the plain baluster stems which are so often found in the seventeenth century.] The bowl is as characteristic of its period as this stem, this pointed shape being general for a time ; and the covers of all these cups are surmounted by three brackets bearing a triangular spire of pierced work ending in a finial as shown in the illustration. The Carpenters', Armourers', and Vintners' Companies possess specimens of these so-called steeple cups, one of them being so late in date as 1631, but few known examples are so happy in their proportions and preservation as No. 23. To these succeeded a much less artistic form of cup, which held its own, however, much longer, being found from about 1631 to 1694, the dates of the earliest and latest of them that have been noted. In the general run of the examples known of this pattern of cup the stems are plain balusters. The bowls of a great many of them are covered with granulated ornament, or some- times show a matted surface, and are of the same shape, whilst a few are repouss^ and chased with a band of upright acanthus foliage round the lower part, [as in No. 24, which is 24 inches in height and of the date 1 680.] Most of the City Companies, the Trinity 88 NO. 23. STEEPLE-CUP (1615), AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE. NO. 24. — STANDING CUP (1680), AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE. [To face p. 88. STANDING CUPS House, and the Inns of Court are supplied with one or more of these favourite loving cups, which were made in great numbers for more than half a century. [But at the close of the seventeenth century the tall standing cup disappeared, and its NO. 24A. — TWO-HANDLED CUP AND COVER (1739), BY PAUL LAMERIE, AT GOLDSMITHS' HALL, LONDON. place was taken by the two-handled cups with covers on a short base, that are practically an evolution from the porringer.] These vase-shaped cups are of every size and degree of finish, from those of simplest workmanship up to the beautiful 89 STANDING CUPS specimen by the master hand of Paul Lamerie (No. 24a), in the possession of the Goldsmiths' Company. NO. 25. — CUP (1795), AT MERCHANT TAYLORS' HALL, LONDON. No. 25 represents the last phase of the standing cup, and is the property of the Merchant Taylors' Company. 90 o SMALLER CUPS Smaller Cups Including Wine Cups, Beakers, Porringers, and Tumblers Side by side with the standing cups, which were often more fitted for decorating the cupboard than for use except on state occasions, and bearing the same relation to them that the trencher-salt did to the standing salt-cellar, are found a number of smaller cups and basins adapted for everyday requirements. A short chronological notice of their forms will perhaps be of more practical use to the collector than the preceding section ; for whilst standing cups are seldom for sale, and when they are, command prices that are beyond the reach of any but the very wealthy, good specimens of smaller drinking-cups are more easy of acquisition. [The very early tazza cup (No. 26) with a hall mark of 1500 from the collection of Lord Swaythling, although hardly easy of acquisition, certainly heads the class of tazze and other small wine cups. The bowl is encircled with the inscription "Soli Deo Honor et Gloria" ; beneath this, on the sharp curve of its base, the long hammer markings are so individual in touch that they almost form a decoration. The metal is exceedingly thick, and the original gilding is in good condition.] [About 1580 these tazze cups are found with shallow hemispherical bowls with or without an engraved decoration, the stem being of baluster form, and the foot somewhat flattened. No. 27 is a beautiful example of these. As an inscription, 9i BEAKERS MARIA * CORBETT ' RN ' BAPTIZATUS ' FUIT ' ULTIMO . januarii ■ 1587, runs inside the rim, it might be inferred, that a cup of this description was used by the lady of the house. The beautiful line decoration distributed over the surface of the cup is typical of its period. The Hall mark, 1587, corresponds with the inscription.] [Another variety of small wine cup is seen in No. 28, dated 1609, where the bowl is of the pointed bell shape fashionable during the first part of the seventeenth century, the decoration consisting of engraving and an almost flat re- pousse, the slight character of the baluster stem being still maintained.] [In the last development of these small wine cups the V-shaped bowl is slightly squarer at the base and the baluster-stem is less delicate than in the preceding specimens. A great many of these plain V-shaped wine cups, both large and small, were made as late as 1660, but after the Restora- tion their place was taken by wine glasses, which were then becoming popular and less expensive.] beakers [Beakers were of early origin, the Old English word "biker" being derived from the Greek Bwcos, and are best described as tumbler-shaped vessels, the form no doubt being suggested by the open end of a drinking-horn, cut, as in the case of the tankard, so that it could be fitted with an end of horn or metal and decorated with silver mountings. In time the horn was discarded, and the cup was made entirely of metal, a cover or " spare piece " being added. No. 29 is an early example be- longing to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. The date 92 NO. 27. TAZZA-CUP (1587), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING. [To face p. 92. No. 29. — BEAKER (CIRCA I400), AT TRINITY HALL, CAMERIDGE. No. 28. SMALL WINE CUP (1609), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHI.ING. [To, face p. 92, BEAKERS assigned to this piece is the middle of the fourteenth century, but it is probably some fifty years later. Evolution from the horn is clearly marked in the concave sides, which are plain, except for a slightly enriched moulding repeated at the lip and base ; the cover is castellated and surmounted by a finial, which originally contained a jewel ; inside, on the bottom of the cup, is a device in translucent enamel representing the college arms.] [After the middle of the sixteenth century the beaker is found taller and straighter in shape, slightly spreading at the lip and base, the upper portion engraved with arabesques of flowers within strapwork bands, and the foot composed of simple fillets above an ovolo moulding ; No. 30 is one of a set of four formerly belonging to the Dutch Huguenot Church at Norwich and bearing the Norwich mark of about 1580. This specimen is the representative form of domestic beaker of that time, the shape continuing with similar decoration until about 1630, when the proportions became wider and shorter, the engraving less important, and the base a simple reeded moulding. After 1670 beakers once more became tall, but not so narrow as those of Tudor and Jacobean times, and were generally covered with a large floral design in repousse found upon so much Charles II. plate.] [During the reign of Charles I. small beakers were introduced about four inches in height, plain, but with an engraved band beneath the lip. This decoration was replaced in the suc- ceeding reign by a broad band of floral repousse work, such as No. 31, and this in turn was 93 CAUDLE-CUPS AND PORRINGERS discarded for the familiar spiral gadrooning found on porringers in the reigns of William III. and Anne. No. 32 is a well-preserved specimen by William Gamble, dated 1699. Small English beakers of this class are rare ; for being too in- significant for decoration, they were melted down when superseded by glasses.] CAUDLE-CUPS AND PORRINGERS [Caudle-cups and porringers are practically the same class of vessel ; they were introduced early NO. 33.— CAUDLE-CUP (1657), AT CLOTHWORKERS' HALL, LONDON. in the seventeenth century for the possets and hot drinks so much in vogue at the time. The earliest are gourd-shaped, narrowing towards the neck, to which are attached two thick ring handles.] Specimens of these caudle-cups are to be found at Oxford, where they doubtless were used in college-halls as beer mugs. Lincoln's Inn, the Mercers' and Clothworkers' Halls possess ex- 94 (NO. 30. — BEAKER CIRCA 1580), NORWICH HALL-MARK, PROPERTY OF W. MINET, ESQ. [To face p. 94. o o CAUDLE-CUPS AND PORRINGERS amples of this rare form of plate, and No. 33, dated 1657, one from a set of three, belongs to the latter City Company. [In Cromwellian times a cover and sometimes a salver was added to these vessels, which became wider in form, the lower half of the bowl being decorated in line and upright flowers in low relief, such as No. 34 ; this specimen has unfortunately NO. 36. — CAUDLE-CUP (1670), THE PROPERTY OF EARL BATHURST. lost its cover. Other porringers at this period are found of octagonal form, the surface remain- ing plain. No. 35, twelve-sided in shape (dated 1649, the year of Charles I.'s execution), is a good example of this variety.] [After the Restoration ornamental relief on the lower portion of the bowl became higher and the forms more realistic, the detail usually consisting of lions, unicorns, and other beasts and birds, 95 CAUDLE-CUPS AND PORRINGERS gambolling amidst impossible bossed-out flowers and vegetation.] [No. 36 represents one of these without its dish or salver. The cover in some early specimens of this latter style forms a cup, fitting over the rim of the porringer with a truncated foot in place of the usual knop or finial. These porringers in high repousse work continued until about 1670, when the sides became straight, necessitating a severer style of decoration, which took shape in a surbase of upright acanthus, repoussd, or of plain applied " card-cutting." This pattern in repousse is shown in No. 37.] [No. 38, dated 1676, is an example of the acanthus decoration in applied "card-cutting," with the rare addition of three scrolled feet to the cover, enabling it to be used as a stand to the porringer.] A similar specimen of 1681 sold for ^562 in February 1903. [The acanthus found on standing cups, tankards and porringers was a short-lived decoration that appeared on English plate, lasting only from 1675 to 1690.] Another well-known but a short-lived fashion covered everything with Chinese figures and plants in engraved work. A vast quantity of plate was decorated in this way in the years 1682, 1683, and 1684, and a few pieces are found up to about 1690, but not much later. This Chinese and acanthus decoration on porringers was discarded towards the end of William III.'s reign for the well-known fluted gadrooning of Anne, about which it is only necessary to say that, having much attracted the attention of collectors, imitations of them 96 No. 34. PORRINGER (1657), PROPERTY OF MRS. GERVOISE. NO 3 5 TWELVE-SIDED PORRINGER (1649), PROPERTY OF LORD SWAYTHLING. ' DD ' [To face p. 96. No. 37. PORRINGER (1680). NO. 38. PORRINGER (1676). [To face p. 96. No. 39. SMALL PORRINGER (1697). NO. 40. SMALL PORRINGER, DUBLIN (1715). [To face p. 96. o CAUDLE-CUPS AND PORRINGERS have been manufactured by the cart-load. These modern copies would very often be detected by an assay, for they are all marked as made of the Britannia standard of silver, and many of them if tested would no doubt prove to be of silver of lower quality. Their period almost exactly co- incides with the first quarter of the eighteenth century ; [these were generally without covers, and at times of very small size. No. 39 and No. 40 are well-finished representatives of this class, which were used as small wine-cups. After the first quarter of the eighteenth century por- ringers gradually ceased to be made, and plain two-handled cups on the lines of No. 40, but with a higher foot and tankard handles, took their place.] [It is unnecessary to state that during the time that porringers were in fashion plain examples of this form of plate were in general use.] [Another form of porringer was a straight-sided vessel of tankard form, with two handles and a loose cover. These for want of a better name may be called posset cups, and came into use about 1640 ; they are by no means common, and their manufacture ceased about 1680. In No. 41, of Cromwellian times, the decoration of the drum consists of an engraved coat-of-arms on a matted ground, the handles being of exceptionally fine workmanship ; the base is of the petticoat form found on contemporary tankards, and the cover is very flat and plain.] Tumblers. — These useful articles have been rather pushed out of their place in the chapter by the necessity of classing together porringers and caudle-cups ; for they are decidedly more ancient 97 h EWERS, BASINS, AND SALVERS than the later class of porringers. They are so called because they will not lie on their side, but will only rest on the bottom, tumbling or rolling from side to side like a tumbler, till they steady themselves in an upright position. They are invariably made perfectly plain. EWERS, BASINS, AND SALVERS These occur in every old will and inventory of any importance, and being articles in daily use at NO. 42.— SALVER (IS45), AT CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. every table, must have been very common indeed, making up as they did for the want of any such utensil as the modern fork. 98 EWERS, BASINS, AND SALVERS Ewers and basins were accordingly handed before and after every meal, and after every course, the hands being held over the basin whilst water, hot, cold, or scented, was poured over them from the ewer by the server. Amongst the earliest specimens are the silver- gilt ewer and salver engraved with foliated arab- No. 43.— Ewer (1545), at corpus christi college, Cambridge. esques, which were the gift of Archbishop Parker to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1570. They bear the hall-mark of 1545. Of these, the engravings (Nos. 42 and 43) give a good idea, showing the arabesques which were the usual decoration of the later Henry VIII. period. [At the commencement of Elizabeth's reign the 99 EWERS, BASINS, AND SALVERS shape of the ewer changed ; the body became cylindrical, mounted upon a short stem, and the bowed handle adopted at this date for tankards and jugs was introduced. No. 44, dated i562, from the Winchester College plate, is a fine parcel- gilt example of an early Elizabethan rose-water ewer and salver. It should be noticed that all traces of Gothic design, except in the spout, have disappeared from the ewer, whilst the motive of the salver remains much the same. The border of this is engraved with panels of strapwork enclosing the inscription in Lorn bardic letters, " Radolphus Henslow K' A D ni 1563 cui Deus retribuat in ill. die hanc pelvim cum gutturnio de novo fecit." The centre is composed of one boss raised on another, enclosing the Wykeham arms enamelled in their tinctures ; round the lower boss runs the legend, " Maners Maket Man quothe Wyllyam Wykeham."] [Towards the end of this reign the ewer took a distinctly vase-shaped form,] and together with the salver is ornamented with beautiful strapwork interlaced and enclosing boldly treated flowers or marine monsters. Of this fashion is the salver of i595, with a ewer to match of 161 7, which are the oldest specimens of English silver work in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle. Such examples are found down to the end of the reign of Charles I., after which a plainer fashion prevails, the salver being quite unorna- mented, and the ewers somewhat rude cup-shaped jugs, with or without stems, and with a plain handle. With the accession of James II. came in the well-known helmet-shaped patterns which 100 o EWERS, BASINS, AND SALVERS afterwards became very usual, and lasted till about 1720. [After the middle of the seventeenth century a salver or waiter in some cases accompanied the porringers. These were ornamented with a broad border of repouss6 ornament, or Chinese engraving, and mounted upon a trumpet stem which, grasped by the hand of the servant, preserved the balance of the object it supported and concealed his hand. During the reigns of William and Anne these were made in large quantities, plain save for a finely engraved coat of arms in the centre and a gadrooned edge : this trumpet stem should always bear a portion of the hall-mark as well as the full mark on the dish ; and it may here be mentioned that all important portions of a piece of plate, that can be separated, should bear at any rate some part of the hall-mark.] In the reign of George I., chasing is found, the edges of the salvers being both chased and shaped, the salvers themselves standing on three, or sometimes four, small feet. Some are both engraved and chased. The plainer salvers of this date have often a concave border. The ordinary salver during the middle of the eighteenth century was circular in shape, with a waved and moulded edge called a ribbon border. This style of ornament was succeeded by the beaded edges of the time of George III., and circular or shaped salvers were replaced by the plain oval trays, having handles at the ends, which are then found almost to the exclusion of any other patterns. 101 SPOONS SPOONS [No exact age can be assigned to the spoon, but the earliest examples that have come down to us are Egyptian of the XVIIIth dynasty, about 1500 B.C. ; these are of wood or ivory, and sometimes of fine design.] [In Roman, Byzantine, and Gothic spoons, the bowl is on a much lower level than the handle ; by the fifteenth century this difference of levels is less apparent, but the bowl still remains well below the handle, and continues so for many years. The handles of English spoons in Gothic times were quadrilateral, the tops terminating in some ornament — an acorn, a pine cone, a diamond- shaped knop, a lion sejant, human heads or whole figures such as the apostles — and finally, about 1530, in a flat-headed ornament known as the "seal top." From about 1550 and a hundred years onward this seal-topped stem with its egg- shaped bowl was the usual form of spoon, isolated examples being found as late as 1679. The original shape of the seal was hexagonal, not unlike the capital of a Gothic column, the neckings or mouldings supporting it being of the same character. Early in Elizabeth's reign this seal became rounder, supported by a little flattened ball divided into sections, which, towards the end of the century, was supported by a vase or baluster-like shape, decorated with acanthus in low relief. This form of heading, growing larger and coarser, continued as a fashion until after the Restoration. Spoons called " slip-topped " originated in the second half of the sixteenth 102 SPOONS century. The apostle or figure was removed in order to meet the ultra-rigorous ideas of the new Protestant religion, and the stem was cut to an oblique finish ; others were then made to match these, and so a fashion was created that was revived later by the Puritans. On these spoons the date-letter, or the owner's initials, are often marked close to the slipped end, perhaps to pre- vent it being shortened. Stump-topped spoons resemble these, and are still ruder in shape, the shaft being round and finishing in a blunt end.] Apostle spoons are too well known to need description. These were made in sets of thirteen, and when complete with their " Master " spoon are very rare : in many instances they were made singly, and formed a favourite christening gift, the spoon bearing the child's patron saint. Of the various sets in existence there are but four generally known that are complete : one of them is in the possession of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and consists of thirteen spoons, one of which is supposed to represent St. Paul. They are of the year 1566-7, with the exception of the St. Paul spoon, which is of the year 15 15-16. In the second set, presented to the Goldsmiths' Company by Mr. George Lambert, F.S.A., Matthias takes the place of Judas Iscariot. These spoons are all of one year, 1626, and by the same maker. The third was sold at Christie's Sale Rooms in 1901 for ,£ 1,060. Since then the fourth set of thirteen was sold at Christie's in 1903 for ^4,900. The set of 1626, No. 45, has been selected for illustration, owing to the presence of the 103 * u n j^r.* ■S°S55| IpC £ . 3 "tri S M s3s8 v ■= S x O 3** O 8 * M %. . a . . • £=%S & r3 ** o « .2 • p.»-ooS o! rt*3 m ~ 1498 1499 Do. 1500 1504 1506 1507 » • A barrel or ton • ( i i ■ i » ■ • \2- DATE. Makee's Makk. Date. Makeb's Mask. 1507 Do. Do. 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1514 1515 Do. 1516 Do. 1517 1518 Do, Do. Do. 151!) Do, 1520 1521 Do. Do. Uo. 1522 162a 1525 Do. Do. (f*l A maidenhead, no shield. Do. . A fish as in 1491 . No shield . . Two liDks of chain No shield , , A barrel or ton as in 1504. Man with staff . As in 1515 Some small animal Two links as in 1509 Crescent and star as in 1516. Two links as in 1609 Do. 1525 Do. 1527 Do. 1528 Do. 1529 Do. 1530 1531 1532 Do. Do. Do. 1533 Do. 1534 1535 1536 153 153>.l 1613 1545 1546 1548 Do. Do. Do. TW A heart as in 1515 A saint's head . Manasses Stockton was of the" Keye " in 1569. As in 1528 Fringed S as in 1519 Orb and cross be- tween I C as in 1528 No shield. Fringed S as in 1519 John Mabbe was of the " Cuppe " in 1569. Do. John Harysson was of the " Broad Arrow" in 1569. As in 1533 Fringed S as in 1519 Fringed S as in 1519 Maidenhead . • • t ■ Covered cup , See 1557 . 126 Date. Maker's Matsk. Date. Maker's Mark. 1519 Do. 1550 1551 Do. Do. 1552 Do. 1553 1554 Do. 1555 Do. 1556 1557 Do. 1558 1559 1560 Do. 15C1 Do. Do. ® 1£$ till <& AC linked letters BN linked letters, probably for Nichs. Bartlemewe. Leg in armour. One Beereblocke was of the " Legge " in 1569. A dexter hand open under a crown. AK linked letters Robert Danbe . ED linked as in 1552 TL monogram « • • • A bird See 1618 . Mark very indistinct Probably bird's claw. Sun in splendour, with W in centre, on plain shield. A covered cup as in 1548. 1561 1562 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1663 Do. 1564 ? Do. Do. 1535 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1566 Do. Do. 1567 Do. HW IP m Maltese cross, no shield Stag's head,asin 1551 NS interlaced, pro- bably Nichs. Sutton No shield . A cricket or hopper below, ED in monogram i in 1552. ■ t • Fleur- de- lys as in 1562. A hand grasping a cross- cros-let fitehi; As in 1563 As in 1557 , An animal's head Bird's claw, as in 1560 t • t • Crescent and three stars as in 1560. 127 DATE. MAKBB'S MABK. Date. Maker's Mabk. 1567 Do. Do. Do. 1568 Do. Do. 1569 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1570 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1571 Do. Do. 5> IP NS AK m Do. m ip A hooded falcon Thos. Bampton was of "The Falcon "at this period. Hand with hammer, shaped shield. KD in monogram, as in 1553. A bunch of grapes . A falcon, as in 1567 . A bull's head erased on shaped stamp. A bunch of grapes, as in 1568. As in 1566 . Interlaced, as in 1 562 Linked letters, as in 1551. Stag's head,as in 1551 HS interlaced,proba- bly Henry Sutton Do. . SE interlaced As in 1566 As in 1663 BT A dove on shaped shield. Linked letters, as in 1567. 1571 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1572 Do. Do. 1573 Do. Do. Do. 1574 Do. 1575 Do. Do. Do. 1576 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1577 Do, mi EF ED IP $ A (qp) M wc AK M © IH Pair of bellows . Linked letters, as in 1568. Linked letters, as in 1553. An eagle displayed in circular escutcheon As in 1566 . . . This mark occurs on a similar spoon of 1575. As in 1567 . A halberd between the letters. As in 1565 Grasshopper below, as in 1562. Linked letters, as in 1551, but larger. Crescents and star, as in 1570. Three trefoils . As in 1575 . . . 1 what . Sun in splendour As in 1571 Compasses with points downwards, a mullet between them. 128 Date. Makke's Mask. Date. Makbk's Mahk. 1578 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1579 1580 1581 Do. Do. Do. 1583 Do. 158 J Do. 1585 Do. Do. Do. 1586 Do. Do. Do. IC Do. ® Do. PG, as shown . A windmill. Eobt Wright was of the " Wyndmylle " in 1569. Animal's head be- tween, see 1565, An escallop Three trefoils slipped in trefoil shield, No shield . Double - seeded rose in pentagon. A flag with staff bend wise. This mark occurs on similar spoons of 1590. 1596, 1602, 1603; 1609, 1611 1612. Three leaves with pellets as in 1576, This mark occurs on similar spoons of 1596, 1599, 1600, 1601. A newt on a ton (rebus for New- ton). 1588 Do. 1589 Do. 1590 Do. Do. 1591 1592 Do. Do. Do. 1593 1594 Do. 1595 Do. Do. 1596 Do. Do. 1597 Do. IWHl Do. IG This mark occurs on a similar spoon of 1597. IS interlaced, as in 1588. An anchor. This mark occurs on a similar spoon of 1597. As in 1581 A rose below As in 1586 . Small rose or a mullet below. Newt on ton, as in 1586. Linked letters, as in 1591. A bear passant below Double-headed eagle displayed. 1 29 K DATE. Maker's Mark. Date. Maker's Mark. 1598 Do. Do. Do. 1599 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1600 Do. Do. 1601 Do. Do. Do. 1602 Do. Do. Do. 1003 1601 (TF) (wil W JS 9 IG AB A squirrel No shield . Interlaced . W within orescent, as in 15S5. Hart lodged as in 1598. A squirrel, as in 1599 Linked letters, as in 1591. See 1586 . Animal's head erased Harp betw. initials, probably LM, shaped shield. Linked letters, as in 1602. 1601 Do. Do. Do. 1605 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1606 Do. Do. Do. 1607 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1608 Do. m IH AB Do. Do. KB JvX'X Do. wc "so) This mark occurs on similar spoons of 1606, 1608, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1615, 1617, 1619, 1620. Animal's head, as in 1602. Bear passant below, as in 1597. Monogram, as in 1 602 As in 1585 Do. . Negro's head below This mark occurs on similar spoons of 1609, 1611, 1612, T rising from middle of W. SF interlaced W within C, as in 1607. I30 Date. Maker's Mark. Date. Makers Mark. 1608 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1609 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1610 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1611 Do. 1612 Do. bo. Do. 1613 Do. Do. Do. IA Do. G TP © SO TP Do. TF IV CB IV m A casque ; found on a similar spoon of 1610. As in 1604 . Do. . . . A cross within a cres cent, as in 1607, Mr. Terry . Do. . As in 1605 . Monogram as in 1609 As in 1608 . . . Monogram as in 1609 ■ • • • • • • Monogram as in 1609 As in 1 607 Monogram as in 160C As in 1607 . • • 1613 Do. Do. Do. 16H Do. Do. Do. 1615 Do. Do. Do. Do. 161G Do. Do. Do. Do. 1G17 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. WS (Ha) Do. IV nu wc rRBi IV Do. Do. IB SP TP IV As in 1608 As in 1607 This mark occurs on similar spoons of 1617, 1621. Do. . A key between . As in 1C07 . Do. . A bell below Interlaced as in 1607 Monogram, as in 1609 As in 1607 . A dart between 131 Date. Makeb's Mahk. Date. Maker's Mack. 1618 Do. 1019 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1620 Do. 1621 Do. Do. 1622 Do. 1623 Do. Do. 1621 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1025 WE BC w CB CM IS TF Do. IF PW HS WC DV (Fb) TF m As in 1608 . Iii plain shield A heart below Monogram, as in 1006. A bird alighting with wings erect,shaped shield. As in 1615 AsinlG17 Monogram, as in 1 GC 9 Do. See 1604 . See 1615 As in 1617 Linked letters, as in 1611. A trefoil Blipped, on shaped shield. Blazing star below, as in 1615. As in 1617 . Crowned, shaped shield. Monogram, as in 1600 .Monogram,asinl62i 1626 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1627 Do. Do. Do. Do. 162S Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1629 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 630 Do. Do. HS ma CB TF Do. ES TF HS {BPJ BA EC m HS HS IS PB As in 1615 Linked letters PH . Probably Benjamin Yates. Monogram, as in 1606. Monogram, as in 1609. Do As in 1619 Monogram, as in 1609. As in 1615 A cinqnefoil below As in 1624 Walter Shute. A column or tree be tween the letters. As in 1615 As in 1619 . . , As in 1624, but heart dotted. Anchor between As in 1624 132 Date. Makee's Mabk. Date. Makeb's Make. 1630 Do. 1C31 Do. Do. 1632 Do. 1633 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1634 Do. Do. 1635 Do. Do. Do. Do. 163G Do. BS ICBJ WM CB EC WS Do. Heart below, as in 1619. W. Maunday . One above another, as in 1630. • Mullet above escallop between pellets. Monogram, as in 1 60G Another mark of Walter Shute. C within D, as in 1604 Walter Shute, as iD 1629. An escallop shell Probably Cardinall Orme. Probably Benjamin Francis. Owl standing upon small animal. 1636 1637 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1638 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1639 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1610 Do, EB EM CO EM Do. A mullet below, shaped shield. Jlulletaboveescallop as in 1631. As in 1634 . . . Probably George Day As in 1629 . . . ScelG35 . Monogram, CF A buckle beneath, probably for name Bdcklb. Monogram, as in 1609 As in 1634 . T. Maunday , A pig passant below, Do. . . l 33 Date. Maker's Mask. Date. Maker's Maek. 1640 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1641 Do, 1642 1643 1645 1646 Do. Do. Do. 1648 Do. 1660 Do. 1651 Do. Do. 1652 IM £3 ii |AF1 [Tw] 1IG Pig below as in 1639 • ■ Linked letters CT As in 1640 John Wardlaw (see p. 142). Probably Ant. Fie kettes. Probably Nichs. Wol- laston. Probably Richard Vaghan. SA linked letters, probably Abr. Smith. IH linked letters Probably Henry Green way. As in 1650 1652 1653 Do. Do. Do. 1654 Do, Do. 1655 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1656 Do. Do. 1657 Do. Do. Do. 1658 Do. WM 19 wc [HN] II Do. HG As in 1648 Hound sejant Probably Stephen Venables. Probably Field Whorwood. An oval object below Probably Daniel Rutty. As in 1655 Bird with olive branch below. As in 1640 . Do. . As in 1656 . J 34 Date. Makeb's Mabk. Date. Makeb's Mabk. 1658 Do. Do. 1659 Do. 1660 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1661 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1662 Do. Do. HI HN ® SV (TGI DR SV Do. PB HN (wc) ET IW Do. > ■ » Bird with olive branch in beak below, as in 1656. As in 1654 . Animal sejant, as in 1653. Do. . As in 1646 . Probably Richard Neale. As in 1655 . As in 1654 Do. . As in 1658 Animal sejant, as in 1653. As in 1656 Probably Christopher Shaw. As in 1653 As in 1655 Do. 1662 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1663 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1664 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1665 Do. Do. Do. 1666 1667 Do. Do. RN (TP) TA ft) HN GS CS HG Do. m HP. (M) rw As in 1661 Fie- As in 1660 Probably Ant. kettes. As in 1656 As in 1658 . As in 1661 As in 1656 . A mullet above an escallop between pellets & annulets, Escallop under mul let, as in 1663. As in 1664. i35 Date. Maker's Mark. Date. Maker's Mark. 1667 1668 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1669 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1670 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1671 Do. Do. TH WM IN IC TH Irl] TM Do. EL Do. Do. Do. Anchor between, in 1665. Crowned, mullet be- low, shaped shield As in 1662 . . . As in 1668 See 1670 Cherub's face below. Anchor between, as in 1665. As in 16C9 See 1669 As in 16C9 1671 Do. Do. Do. 1672 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1673 Do. Do. 1674 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1675 Do. Do. Do. 1676 WW s (lc) •■& WH IN IC IB Do. As in 1669 . O • ■ Crowned, as in 1664 See 1686 . Cherub's face below, as in 1669. • • • BG in cypher, star above. # • • As in 1662 . As in 1G68 As in 1669 . I36 Date. Maker's Mark. Date. Maker's Mark. 1676 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1677 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1678 Do. 1679 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1680 AM OS OIPT tssi. ® IS BM IS LB Monogram, as in 1672 As in 1C75 Thos. Ash Found 1677-88 on Kent church plate. Monogram, as in 1675. Monogram, as in 1676. J (J Monogram, re- versed . Monogram,as in 1675 Probably Benj. Pyne As in 1677 Probably Balph Leeke. 1680 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1681 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1G82 Do. Do. FS [•"•"•I IS M EG PmI EL As in 1676 Monogram, etc., as in 1675. As in 1671 AsinlGSO . A water-bird ; found 1678—93. Probably George Garthorne. *37 Date. Makeb's Mask. Date. Maker's Maek. 1682 Do. Do. 1CS3 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1684 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1685 Do. BG FS TC RS i'RCfl Do. Cypher with star aDOTe, as in 1673. As in 1676 As in 1677 (EV Damaged let- ters) In heart, mullet be- low, WF linked letters Found 1677—93 Do. Benj. Pyne; see 172: SH linked letters 1685 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1686 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 16S7 Do. 168S Do. Do. Do. 1689 PK (tij ST GG IC Y-T S RL DB <§§) EG ficl As in 1683 Probably Buteux As in 1682 Probably T. Issod In monogram crowned, as in 1681 ens p 3 Storks As in 1682 . As in 1681 Two pellets above fleur-de-lys below, As in 1664 Probably Samuel Dell. As in 1680 Probably Lawrence Coles ; see 1672 Buteux, as in 1685 Probably Nat.Qreene As in 16S2 Linked as In 1684 Probably Fras. Gar- thorne. Probably John Jack son. As in 1684 138 Datb. Maker's Mabk. Datb. Maker's Mark. 1689 Do. Do. 1690 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1691 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1692 Do. Do. Do. 1693 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1694 PG •BT- B.C As in 1688 . Probably Peeter Haraohe. See p. 55 Probably Ant. Nelme As in 1CS2 . As in 1681 R. Timbrell . See 1688 and 1728 As in 1676 . As in 1685 Probably E. Timbrell Probably James Chad wick. As in 1685 Do. . As in 1684 As in 1682 . As in 1680 . As in 1691 . As in 1684 . Fish above Water bird, as inl682. Probably Wm.Keatt, Probably John Kuslen. 1694 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1695 Do. 1696 (1st pt.) Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1696 (2nd pt.) 1697 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. II TI PG II IC Jg) M As in 1688 Probably Robert Cooper. Probably Thomas Allen. Escallops, as in 1685, As in 1688 As in 1688 As in 1691 As in 1682 Thos. Brydon Probably Andrew Moore, Wm. Denny and John Bathe. Hngh Roberts in Newgate Street. Joseph Bird James Chadwick 139 DATE. MAKEE'S Maiik. Date. Makeb's Make, 1697 Do. 1698 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1699 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 170(1 Do. <3Si E DB A © [Til (ST) fig Si William Gibson Richard Hutchinson of Colchester. John Ruslen at y e Golden Cup in Swithin Lane. Benj. Watts, ent. 1698. Denny and Bathe, as in 1697. Robert Peake, ent 1697. William Fawdery Robert Timbrell Benj. Traherne Simon Pantin, ent. 1701. Joseph Stokes, ent 1697. Francis Singleton Samuell Hood . Samuel Thome, ent 1697. John Chartier, ent 1698. William Lukin, ent, 1G99. Samuel Dell, ent, 1697. William Qamble,ent. 1697. Teeter Harracke jun., ent. 1698. Anthony Nelme 1700 1701 Do. Do. Do. 1702 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1703 Do. 1704 Do. Do. Do. no: Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. John Cory . George Boothby, at the sign of the Parrot. John Bodington George Lewis, ent, 1699. Benjamin Pyne, sec 1684 and 1723. Joseph Ward, ent. 1697. Do. . . . John Fawdery (A smaller than the F). Pierre Platel, ent. 1699. Robert Cooper, ent. 1697. John Sutton . William Andrewes . John Ladyman . Do. . Philip Rolles John Smith . Seth Lofthouse, ent. 1697. Teeter Harracke, as in 1700. Do. . Do. . John Eastt, ent. 1697. John Martin Stocker and Edwd. Pea-] cock, ent. 1705. I40 Date. Makeb's mark. DATE. Makeb's Makk. 170C Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1707 Do. 1708 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1709 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1710 Ti PY §3o) IB ft] PA 4 PA WI CO PA PY R. Timbrell, as in 1699. David Willaume in the Pell Hell. Edward York, ent. 1705. B. Pyne, as in 1701 . J. Barbut, ent. 1703 John Gibbons, ent. 1700. John Downes, ent. 1697. Andrew Raven . Simon Pantin, as in 1699. Alice Sheene, ent. 1700. Wm. Fawdery, as in 1698. John Wisdome, ent. 1704. Edward York, as in 1706. David Willaume, as in 1706. Robert Cooper, as in 1702. "Goyce Issod widdow." Thomas Allen iD G utter Lane. Samuel Hood, as in 1699. Simon Pantin, as in 1699. Gabriel Sleath, ent 1706. Humphrey Payne, ent. 1701. Francis Garthorne, ent. 1697. John Read, ent. 1704. B. Pyne, as in 1701. 1710 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1711 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1712 Do. 1713 Do. Do. 1714 Do. Do. 1715 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. PY BA ILu PA PY BO PY Pa EA B. Pyne, as in 1701 . Richard Greene, ent. 1703. Seth Lof thouse, as in 1705. Philip Rolles, junior, ent. 1705. Another mark of Gabriel Sleath. Do A within the G. as in 1709. Francis Gar- thorne. Nath.Lock,ent.l698. John Eastt, as in 1705. Edmund Pearce, ent. 1704. Matth. E. Lof thouse, ent. 1705. William Twell, ent. 1709. Probably Edward Vincent. William Lukin, as in 1699. S. Pantin, as in 1699 Matth. E. Lofthouse as in 1712.' Do. . John Bathe, ent. 1700. B. Pyne, as in 1701. John Bodington, as in 1701. B. Pyne, as in 1701. Tsaac Liger in Hem- ing's Row, ent. 1704. H. Payne, as in 1709 Wm. Fleming, ent 1697. John Eastt, as in 1705. Robert Timbrell 141 Date. Maker's Mabk. Date. Makeb's Maek, 1716 Do. Do. 1710 Do. Do. Do. Do. i717 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1718 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1719 Do. Do. Do. Do. WI William Spackman, ent. 1714. Petley Ley, ent. 1715 Samuel Hitchcock, ent. 1712. Gabriel Sleath, as in 1710. H. Payne, as in 1709 Henry Jay , . Niccolaus Clausen, ent. 1709. Samuell Lea, ent. 1711. John Wisdome, as \n 1708. Paul Lamerie, ent. 1712. M. E. Loft house, as in 1712. David Tanqueray , ent. 1713. Richard Bayley, ent. 1708. Edward Holaday in Grafton St., ent. 1709. W.Fawdery asin 169S Tanqueray, as in 1 71 7 G. Sleath, as in 1709. Jonah Clifton, ent. 1703. Anthony Nelme, as in 1700. John White, ent. 1719 Nicolas Clausen, as in 1716. Thomas Mason, ent. 1716. Loiiys Cuny, ent 1703. 1719 Do. Do. Do. PT Samnel Margas, ent, 1714. P. Lamerie, as in 171 7 B. Pyue, as in 1701 JohnEckfourd,inRed Lion Court, Drury Lane, ent. 1698. John Edwards . B. Pyne, as in 1701 . John Bignell, o. s., ent. 1720. R. Greene, as in 1710 Joseph Clare, old sterling mark, ent. 1720. Aug. Courtauld, ent. 1708. Probably Edw. Vin cent. Bowles Nash, ent. 1721. Nathaniell Gulliver, ent. 1722. Abraham Buteux, ent. 1721. Wm. Paradise, ent. 1718. Thos. Ffarrer in Swithing Lane, ent. 1720. John East, ent. 1721 Isaac Liger, as inl715. John White, as in 1719. MeshachGodwin,ent. 1722. M. Arnett and E. Pococke, ent. 1720. Jas. Smith, ent. 1720 142 DATE. MAKEB'S Makk. Date. Makee's Makk. 1725 Do. Humphrey Payne,old sterling mark, ent. 1720. LA 1730 George Wickes, ent. 1721. Paul Hanet, ent. 1721 John Edwards, ent 1724. David Willaume.ent. 1720, Edward Wood, ent, 1722. P. Lamerie, as in 1717. William Atkinson, ent. 1725. John Tuite . Paul Crespin, old standard mark ent. 1720. Edward Wood, as in 1726. Do. . James Gould, ent. 1722. Edw. Cornock, ent. 1723. Paul Crespin, NS 1720 (scallop and mullet as in 1727). Aug. Courtauld, ent. 1729. P. Lamerie, as in 1717. Francis Nelme, old standard mark, ent. 1722. Humphrey Payne, as in 1725. Lion rampant above. Edward Pocock, ent. 1728. Probably Jona Kirk, ent. before 1697, 1730 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1731 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1732 Do. Do. Do. 1733 Do. Do. 1734 Do. Do. Do. LA Tf AB EB /gsI LA Do. Do. IK ® PC EP GftF Do. (IG) AC P. Lamerie, as in 1717. Thos. Ffarrer, as in 1723. Abraham Buteux, as in 1723. George Wickes, as in 1725. Richard Bayley, NS 1720. Plain oblong Gabriel Sleath, ent. 1720. David Willaume, ent. 1728. William Lukin, ent. 1725. Paul Lamerie, as in 1717. Do. John Tuite, as in 1727. Wm. Darker, ent. 1731. Do As in 1730 . . . Joseph Smith, ent. 1728. Paul Crespin, as in 1727. Edward Pocock, as in 1729. George Hindmarsh ent. 1731. Caleb Hill, ent. 1728 Paul Lamerie, 2nd mark, ent. 1732, " old sterling mark' ' Do John Gamon, ent. 1726-7. Samuel Wood . Aug. Courtauld, as in 1729. William Gould, ent. 1732. Charles Kandler, ent. 1727. M3 Date. Makeb's Mabk. Date. Maker's Maek. 1735 Bo. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 173d Do. Do. Do. 1737 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1738 Do. Do. X& GS [PA] Do. m\ PL PL Kobert Aberoromby, ent. 1731. Humphrey Payne, as in 1725. Richard Gumey & Co., old sterling mark, ent. 1734. Gabriel Sleath, as in 1730. Peter Archambo . . Do Geo. Hindmarsh, ent. 1735. Paul Lamerie, as in 1733. John Eckford, junior ent. 1725. George Wickes, ent. 1735. Robert Brown, ent. 1736. Robert Abercromby, as in 1735. Joseph Allen and Mordecai Fox, ent, 1729. John Le Sage, ent 1722. Paul Lamerie, as in 1733. Louis Dupont, ent. 1736. Tsaac Callard, old sterling, ent. 1726. Joseph Smith as in 1731. John Tuite, as in 1727. Benj. Sanders, ent. 1737. Joseph Sanders, ent. 1730. Thos. Tearle, old sterling, ent. 1720. 1738 Do. Do. Do. 1739 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1740 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1741 Do. Do. Do. 1742 IC Do. Isaac Callard, as in 1737. Fras. Spilsbury, ent. 1729. Benj. Godfrey, ent. 1732. Thos. Hush, ent. 1724 P. Lamerie, 3rd mark, ent. 1739. Do. . Jeremiah King, ent. 1739. George Wickes, King's Arms, Pan- ton St., ent. 1739. WilliamGarrard,ent. 1739. Thos. Tearle, ent. 1739. Augustin Courtauld ent. 1739. Gumey & Co., ent. 1739. P. Lamerie, as in 1739. William Ilunler, ent. 1739. Gabriel Sleath, ent. 1739. Thos. Farren, ent. 1739. Fras. Spilsbury, ent. 1739. Lewis Pantin, ent. 1739. P. Lamerie, as in 1739. Do D. Willaume, ent. 1739. J.Allen and Mordecai Fox, ent. 1739. Edward Feline, ent. 1739. 144 Date. Maker's Mabk. Date. Maker's Mabk. 1742 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1743 Do. 1744 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1745 Do. 1746 Do Do. Do. Do. Do. i at Do. Sf 9k 8 G Do. 0*J 0t'§ EG Jeconiah Ashley, ent, 1740. Elizabeth Godfrey . Chas. Hatfield, ent. 1739. Samuel Wells, ent, 1740. John Neville and Ann Craig, ent. 1740. Wm. Gould, ent. 1739 As in 1739 Benj. West, ent. 1739 P. Lamerie, as 1739. Do. . . Edward Feline, as in 1742. John Robinson, ent. 1739. Peter Archambo, ent. 1739. Gurney & Co., as in 1740. Peze Pilleau, ent. 1739. Do. . Paul Lamerie, as in 1739. Hugh Mills, ent. 1745. Gurney & Co., as in 1740. Eben. Coker, ent, 1739. Elizabeth Godfrey, as in 1742. 1746 Do. 1747 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1748 Do. Do. L749 Do. Do. Do. 1750 Do. Do. Do, 1751 1752 Do, 1753 Do. 38D W 80 @J @8 WP William Peaston, ent. 1745-6. Thos. Gilpin, ent. 1739. William Grundy, ent. 1743. Hugh Mills, as in 1746. Edw. Wakelin, ent. 1747. William Cripps, ent. 1743. Thos. Heming, ent. 1745. Gabriel SIcath, as in 1740. Samuel Taylor, ent. 1744. Ayme Vedeau, ent, 1739. P. Lamerie, as in 1739. Fuller White, ent. 1744. John Pollock, ent, 1739. Fredk. Kandler, ent. 1739. William Peaston, as in 1746. John Eowe,ent. 1749. Humphrey Payne ent. 1739. Benj. Gignac, ent. 1744. Elias Cachart, ent. 1748. Sam. Courtauld, ent 1746. Gurney & Co., ent. 1750. John Bayley, ent. 1751. Fuller White, as in 1749. H5 Date. Maker's Mark. Date. Maker's Mark. 1753 Do. 1754 Do. Do. 1755 1756 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1757 Do. Do. 1758 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1759 Do. FW w§ Do. DP MP 1WC| Do. (W¥j James Shruder, ent, 1739. John Quantock . , Dan. Piers, ent. 1746. John Cafe, ent. 1742 Phillips Garden, ent. 1751. John Payne, ent. 1751. Samuel Taylor, as in 1748. Paul Crespin, ent. 1739. John Swift,ent. 1739. Fuller White, as in 1749. Wm. Grundy, as in 1747. Do. . Dan. Piers, as in 1754. Edw. Aldridge and John Stamper, ent. 1753. Pierre Gillois, ent. 1754. Wm. Plummer, ent 1755. Thos. Whipham, and Chas. Wright, ent. 1757. John Payne, as in 1755. Parker and Wakelin, goldsmiths to the Prince of Wales. Robert Kew, ent. 1754. 1759 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1760 Do. 1761 Do. 1762 Do. 1763 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1764 Do. Do. C T-W W 3S> [API CEID [CM] c T-W W IP EW <@) 32, ZBN EEIO Whipham & Wright, as in 1758. Wm. Cafe, ent. 1757. John Langford and John Sebille. John Swift, as in 1756. Wm. Shaw and Wm. Priest, ent. 1749. Abraham Portal, ent. 1749. Richard Bugg, ent. 1754, smaller size letters than Robert Rew of same year. Whipham & Wright, as in 1758. Jacob Marshe, ent 1744. Fuller White, ent. 1758. Parker and Wakelin as in 1759. William Shaw, ent. 1749. John Swift, as in 1756. Lewis Heme and Francois Butty, ent. 1757. Probably Thos. Powell, ent. 1756. Probably W. and R. Peaston. Septimus and James Crespell. Samuel Herbert and Co., ent. 1750. David and Robert Hennell, ent. 1763, I46 DATE. Makkb's Mark. Dath. Makeb's Makk. 1764 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1765 Do. 1766 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1767 Do. Do. Do. 1768 Do. Do. Do. 1769 Do. Do. 3 -a Do. I wv II Do. Do. FB SC IC c T-W W © E-E Do. T. P. Probably Ebenezer Coker. William Bond and John Phipps, ent. 1754. Wm. Grundy, as in 1747. Louis Black, ent. 1761. William and James Priest. Daniel Smith and Robert Sharp. John Swift, as in 1756. Do. As in 1765 Francois Butty and Nich. Dumee, ent. 1759. Do Peter Werritzer, ent. 1750. Thos. Hannam and John Crouch. Aug. Lesage . Do. . Butty and Dumee. as in 1766. Thos. Heming S. and J. Crespell, as in 1764. Whipham & Wright, as in 1758. Probably John Carter. Richard Rugg, as in 1760. Do As in 1763. John Hyattand Chas. Scmore, ent. 1757. 1769 Do. 1770 Do. Do. 1771 Do, Do, Do, 1772 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1773 Do. Do. Do. 1774 Do. Do. Do. Do. &% FC IC E£j w-p TP EC (Hi ip EW ER 9m few] IB IP EW W-P Ml SC IC Iwvl ws BC 0-1 Joseph Heriot, ent. 1750. Fras. Crump, ent. 1756. Thos. Heming, as in 1767. S. and J. Crespell, as in 1764. See 1768. W. Plummer, as in 1758. As in 1763. See 1764. Philip Norman Thos. and Jabez Daniel, Parker and Wakelin, as in 1759. Probably Emick Ro- mer. Thos. Heming, as in 1767. C. Wright Jonathan Alleine Probably John Barry, ent. 1758. Parker and Wakelin as in 1759. W. Plummer, as in 1758. S. and J. Crespell, as in 1764. William Vincent Crouch and Hannam, see 1766. George Smith, ent, 1774. Sumner and Crossley , ent. 1773. James Young and Orlando Jackson, ent. 1774. M7 Date. Maker's Matjk. Date. Makeb's Maek. 1775 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1776 Do. Do. Do. 1777 Do. Do. Do. 1778 1779 Do. 1780 Do. 1781 Do, Do, 1782 Do. Do. rc (TD) Ml BI IS , ent. John Le 1718. John Gibbons, ent. 1721 George Wickes, ent. 1721. Bernard Fletcher, ent. 1725. Isaac Bibouleau, ent. 1720. 155 Date. Makkb's Mask. Date. Makee's Maek. Do. Benj. Pyne, as in 1723. See 1684. Sarah Holaday, ent. 1725. Wm. Toone, ent. 1725. Benj. Pyne, as in 1723. Wm. Atkinson, ent. 1725. Wm. Darker, ent. 1724. Timothy Ley, as ent. before 1697. Jacob Margas, ent. 1720. Chas. Hatfield,ent. 1727. Wm. Shaw, ent. 1727. Edmund Boding- ton, ent. 1727. Hester Fawdery, ent. 1727. Th. Pawler (?) James Gould, ent. 1722. John Millington, ent. 1723. Thos. Mason, ent. 1720. John ffawdery.ent. 1728-9. Jane Lambe, ent. 1719. Pras. Garthome, as before 1697. Charles Kandler and James Mur- ray, ent. 1729. Do. Richard Scarlot, ent. 1720. GS Robert Lueas, ent. 1726. Joseph Steward, ent. 1720. William Petley, ent. 1720. Thos. England, ent. 1725. James Wilkes, ent. 1722. Edward Bennett, ent. 1731. Peter Bennett, ent. 1731. Eliz. Buteux, ent. 1731. Sarah Parr, ent. 1720. Edw. Yorke, ent. 1730. Mary Lof thouse,ent. 1731. Richd. Pargiter . Thos. Parr, ent. 9 Eeb., 1733. Mary Pantin, ent. 1733. Lewis Pantin, ent. 1733. Gabriel Sleath, as in 1730. John Jones . Griffith Edwards, ent. 1732. Peze Pilleau . John White, ent. 1724. Old ster- ling. Daniel Hennell, ent. 1736. Henry Herbert, ent. 1734. 156 DATE. Maker's Mark. Date. Maker's Mask. 1736 Do. Do. Do. Do. 1737 Do. Do. 1738 Do. Do. 1739 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1740 Do. M/ Eliz. Buteux, as in 1731. John Newton, ent. 1726. Fras. Spilsbury, ent. 1729. Probably Benj. Cartwright. Fred. Kandler, ent. 1735. Gabriel Sleath, as in 1730. Isaac Callard, ent. 1726. Richard Zouch,ent. 1735. Phil. Bruguier, ent. 1738. Ebenezer Ooker, ent. 1738. Dinah Gamon,ent. 1739. John Harwood,ent. 1739. John Harvey, ent. 1739. John Tuite, ent. 1739. Eobt. PilMngton, ent, 1739. Geo. Hindmarsh, ent. 1739. John Newton, ent. 1739. See 1736. Edward Vincent, ent. 1739. Fras. Neline, ent. 1739. Jas. Wilks, ent. 1739. Lewis Pan tin, as in 1740. Probably D. Hen- ncll ; and see 1751. Jonathan Fossy, ent. 1739. 1740 FS 1753 Do. T. Whipham and W. Williams, ent. 1740. Fras. Spilsbury, as in 1740. Robt. Abercromby. ent. 1739. Paul Orespin, ent. 1739.(Seep.323.) Robt. Abercromby, as in 1741. Henry Brind, ent. 1742. Edward Wood.ent. 1740. George Greenhill Jones, ent. 1739. Richard Gosling, ent. 1739. John Neville, ent. 1745. Isaac Callard, ent. 1739. George Boothby, ent. 1739. Wm. Williams, ent. 1742. Andrew Killik, ent. 1749. John Wirgman, ent. 1745. Probably D. Hen- nell, as in 1740. Fredk. Knopfell, ent. 1752. Wm. Alexander, ent. 1742. Paul Callard, ent. 1751. Robt. Cox, ent. 1752. James Morrison, ent. 1740. Peter Archambo and P. Meure, ent. 1749. William Gould, ent. 1753. 157 Date. Makeb's Mabk. Date. Makeb's Mabk. 1754 Do. 1756 Do. 1757 Do. Do. Do. 1758 Do. Do. 1759 1760 1761 Do. 17G2 1763 1764 1765 Do. 1766 Do. DS 23^ TC w-c o Simon Lesage, ent. 1754. In plain oval. Dorothy Sarbit, ent. 1753. W. and B. Peaston, ent. 1756. Thos. Whipham, ent. 1739. Benj. Cartwright, ont. 1739. John Jacobs, ent. 1739. In plain square. John Kentenber and Thos. Groves, ent. 1757. Edward Jay, ent. 1757. » I t h * Thos. Wallis, ent. 1758. Eobert Cox, ent. 1755. James Tookey, ent. 1750. Mordeeai Pox, ent. 1746. F. Kandler, as in ■1749. Magdalen Feline, ent. 1753. ProbablyE.Rorner. Wm. Bobertson, ent. 1753. Thos Bumfriss and Orlando Jack- son, ent. 17G6. 1766 Do. 1767 1769 Do. 1770 1771 Do. Do. 1772 1773 1774 1775 Do. 1776 Do. 1777 Do. 1778 1779 1780 1782 Do. .1781 LC WH ND [t-t| l£LD3j |N-D| Iw-tI 3K AB LD TPl RP m Ifc] £1 In lozenge, Louisa Courtauld.widow Fuller White, as in 1762. Probably Wm. Tuite, ent. 1756. As in 1776. Orlando Jackson, ent. 1759 and 1770. Dr. Smith and B. Sharp, see also 1764—1777. Eliz. Tookey. John Deacon. Wm. Holmes and Nichs. Dumee, ent. 1773. Thos. Tookey, ent. 1773. Abraham Barrier, ent. 1775. Louis Ducommien, ent. 1775. Nichs. Dumee, ent. 1776. Walter Tweedie, ent. 1775. Bobt. Makepeace and Bichard Car- ter, ent. 1777. Fredk. Kandler. Abraham Barrier and Louis Du- commien. Thos. and Bichard Payno. T. Herning, as in 1767. Wm. Sumner, spoonmaker.ent. 1782. Thos. Chawner, ent 1773. Edward Jay, ent. 1757. I 5 8 Date. Makhb's Matjk, Date Maker's Maek. 1784 m Benj. Laver, ent. 1781. 1798 HN Hannah North- cote, ent. 1798. Do. g/§ 1799 m George Smith, jr., ent. 1799. 1786 @ • • ■ ■ Do. IL John Lias, ent. 1799. 1790 TP As in 1763. Do. TS Thos. Streetin.ent. 1799. Spoon- Do. PB Peter and Jona- maker. IB than Bateman, ent. 1790. Do. WP Wm. Pitts, ent. 1799. Do. TP ER Phipps and Robinson. Do. m Richd. Cooke. 1791 DU KH Duncan Urquhart and Napthali 1800 ip Joseph Preedy, ent . 1800. Hart, ent. 1791. Do. (F8) Thos. Hannamand Do. ITU John Edward, ent. 1788. » &9 John Crouch, ent. 1799. Do. AF Andrew Fogelberg Do. @) Thos. Wallis, ent. S» and Stephen Gil- 1792. bert. Do. SG Sam Godbehere, Do. DD Daniel Denney, ent. 1786. EW IB Edw.Wigan,and James Bult, ent. 1793 I-F I-B John Fountain and 1800. John Beadnell, Do. CB Christopher and T. Do. ent. 1793. Wm. and John TB W. Barker, ent. 1800. W'P IF Fisher, ent. 1793. 1801 PS Paul Storr, ent. Do. IM John Mewburn . 1799 (see also Do. 1794 1 GB| Probably G. Bourne. Thos. Howell, Do. AB 1792). In plain two-lobed shield. Alice and George U"i Bath, ent. 1791. GB Burrows, ent. Do. RM Robert and Thomas 1801. TJVL Makepeace, ent. 1794. 1802 SG W Saml. and George Whitford, ent. Do. TNT Thos. Northcote 1802. GB andGeo.Bourne, ent. 1794. Do. WS Wm. Sumner, ent. 1802. Spoon- Do. WP Wm. Fountain, maker. ent. 1794. Do. RG Robert Garrard, Do. IB James and Eliz. ent. 1802. EB Bland, ent. 1794. Do. RH Robt. and Saml. 1795 EM Robt. Makepeace, Serle St. SH Hennell, ent. 1802. Do. IP IP Jonathan Perkins, sr. and jr. Do. 1804 IH TP John Hawkins, ent. 1802. Spoon- maker. Thos. Pitts, ent. 1804. 179G Do. J H-C I-E SG EW Henry Chawner and John Ernes, 1796-98. In plain square. Sam. Godbehere Do. 1S05 GW DU N-H George Wintle, ent. 1804. Spoon- maker. Duncan Urquhart andN. Hart, ent. and Edward 1S05. Wigan,ent.l792. Do. TD Thos. Paine Dex- ter, ent. 1805. i59 Dati Makke's Mabk. UATE. MAKKUb JUA-KIi. 1805 WB BS Wm. Burwash and Biohd. Sibley, ent. 1805. 1812 GS George Smith, ent. 1812. Spoon- maker. Do. PB Peter and Wm. Do. IC Joseph Cradoek WB Bateman, ent. 1805. WB and W. Beid, ent. 1812. 1806 TG IG IC Thos. and Joseph Guest and Joseph Cradock, 1813 GW Geo. Wintle, ent. 1813. Spoon- maker. ent. 1806. 1815 WC Wm. Chawner, ent. 1807 IC John Clarke, ent. 1807. 1815. Spoon- maker. Do. EC GS Richard Crosley and George Do. WB Wm. Bateman, ent. 1815. Smith, ent. 1807. Do. CE Christian Ker Do. TH Thos. Half ord, ent. 1807. BE Beid, Newcastle- on - Tyne, ent. Do. SW Saml. Whitford, 1815. ent. 1807. 1816 TH Thos. and Geo. 1808 JC John Crouch, ent. 1808. GH Hayter, ent. 1816. Do. WE WF Wm. Eley, Wm. Fearn, Wm. 1819 PE Philip Eundell, ent. 1819. wc Chawner, ent. 1808. In plain upright oblong. Do. 1820 EL John and Henry Lias, ent. 1819. Wm. Burwash, Do. BE Bebecea Emes and i/mjj ent. 1813. EB Edw. Barnard, ent. 1808. 1821 018 Bobert Garrard. Do. HN EH Henry Nutting and Bobt. Hennell, 1822 CF Charles Pox, ent. 1822. ent. 1808. Do. TW Wm. Traies, ent. 1809 MS ES Mary and Eliz. Sumner, ent. 1822. Spoon- maker. Do. HN 1809. Henry Nutting, ent. 1809. 1823 IL HL John, Henry, and Chas. Lias, ent. Do. IWS J. W. Story and CL 1823. WE W. Elliott, ent. 1809. In plain Do. IB John Bridge, ent. 1823. square. 1825 EC Eandall Chatter- Do. EH Bobt. Hennell, ent. 1809. ton, ent. 1825. Spoonmaker. Do. IC John Cotton and 1826 ABS Adey Bellamy Savory, Cornhul, TH Thos. Head, ent. ! 1809. Spoon- ent. 1826. 1 makors. Do. JW Jacob Wintle, ent. 1810 TW JH Thos. Wallis and Jon athan Hayne, 1826. Spoon- maker. ent. 1810. 1827 TCS Thos. Cox Savory, Cornhill, ent. 1811 SH Saml. Hennell, ent. 1811. 1827. Do. EE Bobt. Butland, ent. 1811. Spoon- 1828 JCE Jas. Chas. Eding- ton, ent. 1828. maker. 1829 EE Edw. Barnard, Do. JB James Boebe, ent. 1811. Spoon- maker. i B JW Edw. Barnard, jr.,JohnBarnard, and W. Barnard. i6q DATE. Makee's Maek. Date. Makee's Mark. 1833 gD Paul Storr . Do. AS Adey B ollamy JS Savory, Joseph AS Savory, and Albert Savory, ent. 1833. 1837 M& Richard Sibley, ent. 1837. 1838 WT Wm. Theobalds BA and Robt. Met- calf Atkinson. Plate and spoon- makers, ent. 1S38. 183S dfi3 Pras. D. Dexter, ent. 1839. Do 1JVL John Mortimer & and John Saml. ISH Hunt, ent. 1839. Do WB W. Bateman and DB Danl. Ball, Bun- hill Row, ent. 1839. 1840 MC Mary Chawner and G4 Geo. W. Adams, ent. 1840. Do. GA Geo. W. Adams, ent.l840.Spoon- maker. 1841 JS Jos. and Albert AS Savory, ent. 1841. 1844 ISH John Saml. Hunt, ent. 1814. 161 M APPENDIX B. IMPROVED TABLES OF THE DATE-LETTERS USED BY ALL THE ENGLISH, SCOTCH, AND IEISH ASSAY-HALLS, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES. l62 CHARACTERS OF THE ALPHABETS OF DATE-LETTERS USED BY GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY OF LONDON. I. 1478 to 1497. — Lombardic, double cusps. II. 1498 to 1517.— Black letter, small. III. 1518 to 1537.— Lombardic. IV. 1538 to 1557. — Roman letter, and other capitals. V. 1558 to 1577.— Black letter, small. VI. 1578 to 1597. — Roman letter, capitals. VII. 1598 to 1617. — Lombardic, external cusps. VIII. 1618 to 1637.— Italic letter, small. IX. 1638 to 1657.— Court hand. X. 1658 to 1677.— Black letter, capitals. XI. 1678 to 1696.— Ditto, small. XII. 1696 to 1715.— Court hand. XIII. 1716 to 1735.— Roman letter, capitals. XIV. 1736 to 1755.— Ditto, small. XV. 1756 to 1775.— Old English or black letter, capitals. XVI. 1776 to 1795.— Roman letter, small. XVII. 1796 to 1815.— Ditto, capitals. XVHI. 1816 to 1835.— Ditto, small. XLX. 1836 to 1855.— Old English or black letter, capitals. XX. 1856 to 1875.— Ditto, small. XXI. 1876 to 1895.— Roman letter, capitals. XXII. 1896 to 1915.— Ditto, small. The various forms of the leopard's head crowned, and of the lion passant, afford such material aid in determining the date of a piece of plate, and in enabling the letters of one alphabet to be readily distinguished from those of another, that engravings have been given of those marks at the foot of each alphabet. The Old English of 1695 may by their aid be instantly distinguished from the same letter in Alphabet V, the Roman capitals of Alphabet VI. from those of Alphabet XIII., and so on. It will be seen that in this way the addition of the leopard's head and lion's head erased renders any small and accidental inaccuracies in the letters and their shields of comparatively little importance. 163 n 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 ri. in. 1483 1484 HY. VII. 1486 I486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1 I to 1498 1499 1500 1001 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 KT. VIII 1509 1517 m 1522 1523 1624 1625 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1632 1633 1534 1535 1536 1537 H 1538 1539 1640 I Ml 1542 1543 1644 1545 1546 ED. VI. 1647 1548 1549 1550 1661 1552 MART. 1663 1554 1655 1656 1557 1478—1547. 1548—1657. I as occasionally found, «.o. 1516 and 1521, etc 1545—1549. 1560—1557. I64 ELIZA n, 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 15G6 1567 1568 1569 1670 1571 1572 1573 1574 1576 1576 1677 w m s 51 1582 1595 I 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 JAMBS I 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 IG1S 1619 1620 1C21 1622 1623 1624 CMAS. I. 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1630 1637 As before. MARKS. 1. Leopard's head crowned. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Date-letter. 4. Lion pasgant. I6 5 MARKS. 1. Leopard's head crowned. 2. Maker's mark. 8. Date-letter. 4. Lion passant. Note.— From Maroh 1606-7 to June 1720 Britannia and lion's head erased substituted for the leopard's head crowned and tho lion passant, on silver. These letters and their shields vary in some examples, 1 66 MARKS. 1. Leopard's head crowned. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Bate-letter. 4. Lion passant. And (from 1784) 5, Sovereign's head. * From 1716—1720 as before. From 1720—1729 the punches are of uncertain shape : some look like old damaged punches of before 1G97 brought again into use. From 1729 1739 the punches were a plain oblong rectangle for the lion passant, and a plain angular heraldic shield for the leopard's head crowned. I67 XVII. XVIII. XIX HI 1796 ® 1816 2y 1836 1797 ® 1817 m VICT. 1837 (C) 1798 CO 1818 a 1838 OB) 1799 ® 1819 ©i 1839 E) 1800 ® GEO. IV. 1820 SI 1840 (B 1801 CD 1821 iS 1841 IS 1802 K) 1822 @ 1842 a 1803 CD 1823 m 1843 OD 1804 LU 1824 a 1844 as 1805 LW 1825 & 1845 E 1806 ClJ 1826 £ 1846 M 1807 M 1827 is 1847 IS 1808 ® 1828 e 1848 (0) 1809 [0] 1829 &> 1849 © 1810 ® WM. IV 1830 at 1850 C<8 1811 (30 1831 © 1351 M 1812 CO 1832 IS 1852 CS) 1813 Cs) 1833 » 1853 IT) 1814 ® 1834 & 1854 © 1815 ® 1835 SB 1855 As before. w © As before. 1, Leopard's head crowned. Note.— The loopard's head MARKS. 2. Maker's mark. S. Date-letter. 4. Lion passant. 5. Sovereign's head. s without a crown sometimes in, and always after, 1S21. 1 68 XX. XXI. XXII. ® 1856 ® 1876 m 1896 (E) 1857 <# 1877 IS 1897 Sj 1858 ^ .1878 © 1898 QB 1859 w 1879 etc. ® 1860 ty 1880 E 1861 ^ 1881 (£) 1862 <& 1882 NOTE. Since 1697, If Dot (B) 1863 $> 1883 earlier, the London marks have been of several sizes so as to suit large CD 1864 ^ 1884 and small articles, and whilst the largest, size of punch bears the marks m 1865 w 1885 as they are here given, the smaller size 1 * often have the letter, lion pas- CD 1866 V 1886 sant, or other mark, on a plain square or oblong with the corners slightly 1867 w 1887 cut off; sometimes, how- ever, they are a small edition of the full-sized ffl 1868 ^ 1888 marks. ® 1869 w 1889 ® 1870 «7 1890 ® 1871 ^ 1891 m 1872 ^ 1892 m 1873 ^ 1893 m 1874 ^ 1894 ® 1875 w 1895 As b efore. As before. @ 8H) MARKS. 1. Leopard's 1 lead. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Bate- letter. 4. Lion passant 5. Sovereign's head till 1890 169 1561 IP 1584 1607 9 1632 1562 1585 w 1608 (D 1633 1563 1586 w 1609 © 1631 1564 1587 ® 1610 $ 1635 1565 1588 w 1611 $ 1636 1566 1589 m 1612 [5 1637 1567 1590 ® 1613 1638 1568 1691 w 1614 (5 1639 1569 1692 i 1615 1640 8 1570 9 1593 1616 S 1641 & 1571 1694 H 1617 ID 1642 1572 1595 1618 ® 1643 1573 1596 m 1619 1644 1574 1597 Q) 1620 1646 1575 1598 1621 1646 m 1576 1599 m 1622 1647 i 1577 S 1600 m 1623 1648 1578 1601 m 1624 1649 9 1579 1602 9 1625 15 1660 1580 1603 w 1626 1661 1581 160* m 1627 1652 1582 1605 m- 1628 1653 m 1583 1606 1629 ^ 1654 8 1630 S 1655 1631 1 1656 MARKS. 1. Old Yo •k mark. 2. Ms ket's mark 3. Date-letter 170 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 m m m 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1633 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1. Old York mark. MAKES. 2. Maker's mark. (See p. 44.) 3. Date-letter. 171 \A\ 16G5 1585 1605 1624 SI 15C6 1586 1606 1625 E) 15G7 1587 1607 1626 IB 15G8 1688 1608 1627 E 1669 1589 1609 1628 1570 1590 1610 1629 1571 1591 1611 1630 1572 1 1592 g 1 1612 1631 1573 § 1593 § ■43 1613 £ 1632 1674 •5 .a "3 1594 a % "3 1614 m 1633 1575 1576 o a ►J 1595 1696 jd to a ►5 1615 1616 © 1634 1635 15T7 1697 1617 m 1636 1678 1598 1618 ® 1637 1579 1699 1619 m 1638 1580 1600 1620 1639 1581 1601 1621 % 1640 1582 1602 1622 1641 1533 1603 1623 1642 1584 1604 1643 MARKS. 1. Norwioh mark. 2. Maker's mark. S. Date-letter. 4. Double-seeded rose crowned. Note.— This fourth mark is found in 1627-S2-34-S6-40, hut not on the oavly Elizabethan Briocimons. 172 1644 1645 1664 1665 1684 1685 OLD 1646 1666 1686 CHESTER DA'TE- 1647 1667 1687 LETTEKS, 1689-1697. 1648 1668 1669 1688 1689 1649 w A 1689 1650 1670 1690 B 1690 •i 9 1651 1 1671 ® 1691 C 1691 1 1652 1 •3 1672 1692 s 1692 A 1798 in 1823 M 1848 from 1701 to 1726, coupled with the marks lor Bri- ® 1799 n 1824 N 1849 tannia standard plate till 1720. The office did not 1350 work continuously, and o 1800 1825 seems to have ceased to P record assays from about p 1801 P 1826 1851 1847, though plate was occasionally stamped un- ® R 1802 q 1827 Q 1852 til 1856. 1603 r 1828 R 1853 (See p. 13.) S 1804 5 1829 S 1654 9 1805 t 1830 T 1855 u 1806 II 1831 U 1856 V 1807 b 1832 w 1808 to 1833 X 1809 r 1834 m 1810 !? 1836 z 1811 J 1836 MARKS, 17S7— 1S56. 1. Modern York mark. 2. Leopard's head orowned. 8. Maker's mark. 4. Date-letter. 5. Lion passant. And (from 1784) 6, Sovereign's bead. 174 s 1701 $ 1726 A 1749 A 1773 m 1702 b 1726 B 1750 B 1774 1703 1727 C 1751 C 1775 ® 1704 SJ 1728 D 1762 D 1776 E 1705 © 1729 E 1753 E 1777 E 1706 8 1730 F 1764 F 1778 a 1707 1731 G 1755 G 1779 H 1708 h 1732 H 1756 H 1780 (p 1709 HI 1733 I 1757 I 1781 (5 1710 k 1734 K 1758 I 1782 L 1711 1 1735 L 1759 K 1783 1712 m 1736 M 1760 L 1784 N 1713 n 1737 N 1761 M 1785 ® 1714 1738 1762 N 1786 1715 P 1739 P 1763 O 1787 Q 1716 q 1740 Q 1764 P 1788 81 1717 ® 1741 R 1765 q 1789 (9 1718 s 1742 S 1766 r 1790 T 1719 t 1743 T 1767 f 1791 ® 1720 a 1744 U 1768 t 1792 @ 1721 w 1745 w 1769 u 1793 X 1722 X 1746 X 1770 w 1794 Y 1723 [J 1747 Y 1771 X 1795 Z 1724 m 1748 Z 1772 y 1796 MARKS. 1. Modern Exeter mark. 2. Leopard's head crowned. 3. Maker's mark. 4. Date-letter. 5. Lion passant. And (from 1784) 6. Sovereign's head. Note. — From 1701 till 1720, Britannia and lion's head erased instead of the leopard's head crowned and lion passant, on silver. i75 ® 1797 ® 1817 a 1837 A 1857 B 1798 b 1818 35 1838 B 1858 C 1799 c 1819 c 1839 C 1859 D 1800 d 1820 m 1840 D 1860 E 1801 e 1821 e 1841 E 1861 F 1802 f 1822 s 1842 F 1862 G 1803 g 1823 6 1843 G f 1363 H 1804 h 1824' $ 1844 H 1864 I 1805 i 1825 3 1845 I 1865 K 1806 k 1826 ft 1846 K 1866 L 1807 1 1827 I 1847 L 1867 M 1808 m 1828 m 1848 M 1868 N 1809 n 1829 & 1849 N 1869 1810 o 1830 © 1850 O f 1870 P 1811 P 1831 $ 1851 P 1871 Q 1812 q 1832 1741 P 1767 q 1791 ® 1716 1717 1718 1742 1743 1744 Q S s 1768 1769 1770 r s t u 1792 1793 1794 1795 © 1719 Sf 1745 63 1771 V 1796 © 1720 1712 a 1731 L 1750 1777 1713 ®- 1732 M 1751 M 1778 1714 1716 ft ® 1733 1734 N P 1752 1753 N o 1779 1780 p 1716 1717 1718 ® 1735 173G 1737 P Q R 1754 1755 1756 p Q 1781 1782 D E 1719 1720 15 1738 1739 S T 1757 1768 R S T 1783 1784 1785 U 1786 W 1787 • OD Y 1788 1789 Z 1790 MARKS. 1. Newcastle mark. 2. Leopard's head crowned. 3. Maker's mark. 4. Date-letter. 5. Lion passant. And (from 1784) 6. Sovereign's head. Note,— 1702 till 1720, Britannia and lion's head erased instead of the leopard's head crowned and lion passant, on silver. * From 1721 to 1727 the lion passant is found turned to the right, a moBt unusual circum- stance. The letter for 1721 often resembles the Edinburgh letter for 1681. 179 ® 1791 IS 1815 ® 1839 ® 1864 B 1792 B 1816 B 1840 b 1865 C 1793 C 1817 C 1841 o 1866 D 1794 D 1818 D 1842 d 1867 E 1795 E 1819 E 1843 e 1868 F 1796 F 1820 F 1844 f 1869 G 1797 G 1821 G 1845 S 1870 H 1798 H 1822 H 1846 h 1871 I 1799 I 1823 I * > J 1847 i 1872 1848 K 1800 K 1824 K 1849 k 1873 L 1801 L 1825 L 1850 1 1874 M 1802 M 1826 M 1851 m 1876 N 1803 N 1827 N 1852 n 1876 1804 O 1828 1853 o 1877 P 1805 P 1829 P 1854 P 1878 Q 1806 Q 1830 Q 1855 q 1879 R 1807 R 1831 R 1856 r 1880 S 1808 S 1832 S 1867 s 1881 T 1809 T 1833 T 1858 t 1882 El 1810 U 1834 U' 1869 u 1863 w 1811 w 1835 W 1860 X 1812 X 1836 X 1861 Y 1813 Y 1837 Y 1862 2 1814 Z 1838 Z 18C3 MARKS. 1, Newcastle mark. 2, Leopard's head crowned. 3. Maker's mark. 4. Date-letter. 5. Lion passant. 6. Sovereign's head. i So A 1773 a 1799 a 1825 A 1850 a 1875 B 1774 b 1800 35 1826 B 1851 h 1876 C I77B c 1801 c 1827 C 1852 t 1877 D 177.6 d 1802 ® 1828 D 1853 ti 1878 E 1777 e 1803 © 1829 E 1854 e 1879 F 1778 t 1804 $ 1830 P 1855 i 1680 G 1779 e 1806 e 1831 G 1866 fl 1881 H 1780 h 1806 i) 1832 H 1857 !> 1882 I 1781 i 1807 3 1833 I 1858 t 1883 J 1782 J 1808 n 1834 K 1859 fc 1884 K 1783 k 1809 £ 1835 L 1860 I 1885 L 1784 1 1810 iW 1836 M 1861 m 1886 M 1785 m 1811 # 1837 N 1862 n 1887 N 1786 n 1812 ' MARKS. 1. Anchor. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Date-letter. 4. Lion passant. And (1784 to 1890) 5. Sovereign's head. Note. — For new standard silver the figure of Britannia is used instead of the lion passant. 181 e* 1773 © 1799 m 1824 S 1844 S 1868 $ 1774 N 1800 b 1825 B 1845 B 1869 & 1776 H 1801 c 1826 C 1846 C 1870 n 1776 M 1802 d 1827 D 1847 D 1871 » 1777 F 1803 e 1828 E 1848 E 1872 & 1778 O 1804 f 1829 F 1849 F 1873 a 1779 B 1805 S 1830 G 1850 G 1874 c 1780 A 1806 h 1831 H 1851 H 1876 IB 1781 S 1807 k 1832 I 1852 J 1876 © 1782 P 1808 1 1833 K 1853 K 1877 35 1783 K 1809 m 1834 L 1854 1878 9 1784 L 1810 P 1835 M 1855 1879 i 1785 C 1811 q 1836 N 1866 1880 fe 1786 D 1812 r 1837 O 1857 1881 £ 1787 R 1813 s 1838 P 1868 1882 asa 1788 W 1814 t 1839 R 1859 1883 iW 1789 O 1816 u 1840 S 1860 1884 1 1790 T 1816 V 1841 T 1861 1885 £ 1791 X 1817 X 1842 U 1862 1886 31 1792 I 1818 z 1843 V 1863 1887 <8> 1793 V 1819 W 1864 1888 m 1794 Q 1820 X 1865 1839 . Sovereign's head. Notes.— For now standard silver the figure of Britannia is used instead of the lion passant. The crown and date-loiter are usod on the same punch, or applied as separate marks, as host suits the article to lie stamped. * The letters of this alphahot cannot he accurately ronderod in type. They closely esomblo those, of Alphabet XII. in the London tables. 1803 onwards small black-letter alphabet in square shield, with corners clipped. 182 Alphabet I. Alphabet II. Alphabet III. Alphabet 17. D 1681 1705 Q) 1730 ® 1755 ®* 1682 n 1706 © 1731 © 1766 ® 1683 15) 1707 © 1732 © 1767 ® 1684 ® 1708 ® 1733 ® 1768 HJ 168S dj 1709 © 1734 © 1759 (5 1686 ® 1710 © 1736 (8 1760 W 1687 © 1711 © 1736 ® 1761 Q 1688 cw 1712 ® 1737 ® 1762 © 1689 5] 1713 QD 1788 GD 1763 & 1690 15 1714 ® 1739 ® 1764 IP 1691 (5 1716 © 1740 m 1765 © 1693 Sit 1716 ® 1741 ® 1766 SI 1693 LN]t 1717 © 1742 ® 1767 151 1694 ® 1718 © 1743 ® 1768 » 1695 OB 1719 © 1744 ® 1769 ® 1696 f 1720 © 1745 © 1770 © 1697 M 1721 © 1746 ® 1771 m 1698 © 1722 ® 1747 ® 1772 QP 1699 w 1723 © 1748 ® 1773 Bb 1700 m 1724 © 1749 ® 1774 i) 1701 m 1725 © 1750 ® 1775 ffl 1702 m 1726 m 1761 ® 1776 ® 1703 m 1727 © 1752 (S 1777 1704 m 1728 iej* 1753 ® 1778 LU 1729 © 1754 S3 1779 Edinburgh.] MARKS. 1. The castle. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Date-letter. 4. Assay-Master's initials till 1759, in which year the thistle was substituted. 1682, also (B| and fgl . t 1716, also (M] . § 1753, also (g.. 183 t 1717, also (N) and (g). Alphabet V. Alphabet VI. Alphabet tii. Alphabet VIII. (A) m ® si ID [Y 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 179S 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1803 1803 1804 1805 © © © CD © ® © CD ® © © © CD © © © © © © 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1816 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 m m © 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1814 1846 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1353 1354 1855 1356 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 18C6 1867 1863 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 + EJuibui-rilt.] 1. Tho caBtlo. 4. Thistle. MARKS. 2. Maker's mark. And (1784 to 1S90) 5. S. Date-letter. Sovereign's head. 1780, also J. t 1SS2 onwards, small black-letter alphabet in oval shield. 184 A 1819 a 1845 A 1871 ** 1897 B 1820 * 1846 B 1872 *~ C 1821 c 1847 C 1873 SB 1898 D 1822 m 1848 D 1874 e 1899 E F G 1823 1824 1825 1849 1850 1861 E F G 1875 1876 1877 etc. Letter In shield, as those Id Glasgow table, p. 62. H 1826 fe 1852 H 1878 I 1827 * 1853 1 1879 J 1828 3 1854 J 1880 K 1829 & 1865 K 1881 L 1830 % 1856 L 1882 M 1831 M 1857 M 1883 N 1832 # 1858 N 1884 1833 ® 1859 1885 P 1831 * 1860 P 1886 Q 1835 (E> 1861 Q 1887 ,R 183S at 1862 R 1888 s 1837 » 1863 S 1889 T 1838 c 1864 T 1890 U 1839 an 1865 U 1891 V 1840 © 1866 V 1892 W 1841 2129 1867 w 1893 X 1842 r 1868 X 1894 Y 1843 s 1869 Y 1895 Z 1844 z 1870 z 1896 ] MAEKS. 1. Tree, fish, and bell. 2. Maker's mark. 3. Date-letter. 4. Lion rampant. 5. Sovereign's head to 1890. 185 58 163S a 1658 % 1678 1698 GJ 1639 b 1659 (5 1679 ® 1699 © 1640 c 1660 W 1680 1700 D 1641 d 1661 w 1681 IS 1701 E 1642 e 1662 1682 1702 F 1643 w 1663 1683 1703 G 1644 g 1664 w 1684 170* H I 1646 h 1665 1685 Si 1705 1646 i 1666 1686 1706 K 1647 k 1667 1687 (gj 1707 L 1648 1 1668 1688 1708 M 1649 m 1669 1689 '£■ 1709 N 1650 n 1670 1690 1710 1651 1671 1691 m 1711 P 1662 P 1672 1692 1712 Q 1663 q 1673 D 1693 1713 E 1664 t 1074 e 1694 1714 S 1666 s 1676 w 1695 ® 1716 T 1666 t 1676 1696 ®1 1716 U 1657 u 1677 1697 1717 1718 1719 1720 Dublin.) MARKS. 1. Harporownod. 2. Maker's mark. Note.— The letters for 1614-48, 1056, 1650, and 1693 are others, down to 1716, from dated speoimons. 3. Date-letter, from tho Goldsmiths' books; the 186 ® 1721 15 1746 ® 1771 (S 1796 IB" 1722 B 1747 B 1772 11 1797 c 1723 C "" 1748 C 1773 c 1798 D 1721 D 1749 D 1774 D 1799 0 125 I TG.1G.IC PAGE Star and crescent, mark 126, 127, 129, 151 and escallop, mark 133, 135 STERLING mark . 25, 70, 71 Stoneware jugs . 80 Storks, three, mark . 138 &t.$e . . 140 Sun, mark 22, 128, 131 SV . . . . 134, 140 sw . 31 aasK . . 146 . 146 Sword erect, a Chester mark 44 SY 31 £p 30, 31, 153 53, . and barrel . ., and crescent TA 131,135,136,137,138 „ linked . Ta Tankards Taunton, mark of TB . . 30, 36. 132 : „ linked SfL , linked TB.OI . TC ,, linked TCS TC.WC TD TD.ID . TE Tea services „ spoons TF ,, linked 7' c'c TO &s ■ TGKB.C . TQ.IG.IC 9 8 131, 50, 152, , 137, 130 134, 129, 150 . 38 129, 142 139,142 . 131 25 SI, S3 3S 139, 155 . 128 . 66 . 158 152, 158 51, 53 . 160 . 15$ 3S, 148 . 147 154. 156 . 115 . 107 142, 156 131 . 157 135. 153 . 145 144, 145 . 160 INDEX TH 15, 19, 23, 123, 135, 140, 150 „ linked .... 151 &t 145 TH.IC .... 147, 159 TH-G-H . . .160 Thistle, a Scotch mark 51, 60, 62 TH.RM . . . .158 TI .... 131, 138 Ti 140 JEtBe 141 TIMBRELL . . .139 TJ 69 TK . . 53, 135, 136, 139 „ linked .... 50 TL 58, 136, 137, 153, 156, 159 „ linked . . . .127 TM . 16, 136, 151, 155, 156 „ linked . 28, 133, 137, 152 TN ... 129, 152 TN.GB 159 &0 . 31 Tower, single, mark . 18, 23 TP . 20, 135, 146, 156, 159 TP.EE 159 TP.RP 158 TK 30.31,144 Sfr . 140 Tree, fish, and bell, a Glasgow mark . . . . 56, 62 Trefoil, mark. . . .23 Trefoils, three, mark . . 129 Triangle, mark 130 Troy weight and Avoirdupois compared . . . .124 TRW linked . . .151 ET91M . TS „ linked TT yy . . . 144 14, 159 . 23, 153 137, 152, 157, 158 . 144 Tu 155 TV 42 TW . . 21, 67, 126, 158, 160 „ linked . . 15, 130, 141 TW.JH . . . .160 TW.OW TW.WW TY VA VC VI VN VS linked w WA 51,54,140,143,149,154,157 Wa "WALSH W and crescent Wars of the Roses, plate lost in the WB WB.DB WB.IB WB.JP WB.RS WC 16, 158, 159 . 147 . 157 . 53 31 42 141 154 58 53 154 71 129 much 72 71, 139, 160 20, 160 161 20 20 147 160 V 65,127,131,133,134,135, 145, 146, 152, 160 . 42, 68, 71 . 146 . 56 . 146 19, 55, 143, 156 20, 56 WE 138 Weights, Avoirdupois . . 124 „ Troy and Avoirdu- pois compared . . . 124 WC.PC WC.TC WD WE.WF WE.~WF.WC WF „ linked WF.IF WG . 149 . 160 . 139, 159 . 138 . 158 . 159 54, 60, 143, 152, 153 . 145, 147 199 INDEX WH . . 128. „ linked . wx . . . "WH.ND WI . 17,30,53, Windmill, mark . "Wj WK, linked . WL ,, linked WM . 16, 71, 133, „ linked WN "Wo WP . . 145, w& . . . WP, linked . WP.JP WP.BP WE „ linked M06S PAGB . 144, 145 129, 134, 136 . 136, 142 . 69, 144 . 158 130, 141, 155 . 129 . 31 . 139 59, 66, 143 50, 52, 131 134, 135, 136 . 58 . 135 . 31 146, 156, 159 . 148 20 . 147, 148 . 146, 158 19, 56, 151 14, 19 . 158 WS 54, 133. 137, 146, 148, 15], 155, 156, 159 m& . WS.IM WS.BC WS.WP WT WT.EA wv vrw WW, linked PAGE . 158 . 20 . 147 . 146 156, 158, 160 . 161 . 147 19, 68, 136, 157 . 16, 133 X, letter crowned, an Exeter mark . . . . 26, 44 X or italic CC linked . . 128 XX 58 YEB, linked ... 28 YEDS 28 YO .... 19, 141 York, ancient marks used at 13, 45, 170, 171 „ Company, marks used by, since 1701 . 45 „ the old goldsmiths of . 12 138 YT Z, mark 151 Printed by Ila:ell, Watson A Yincy, Ld., London and Aylesbury.