CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
The original of tliis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924086273582 
 
New Light on Mormonism 
 
 MRS. ELLEN E. DICKINSON 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION 
 
 BY 
 
 THURLOW WEED 
 
 NEW TOEK 
 
 FUNK & WAGNALLS 
 
 10 AND 12 Dby Strbet 
 
 1885 
 
 All sights Beiereed 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, In the year 1885, by 
 
 FUNK & WAGNAILS, 
 
 In tbe Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The rapid growth of Mormonism and the grave po- 
 litical aspect it has assumed render it one of the most 
 important topics of current reform. 
 
 The time seems ripe for giving to the public its true 
 origin, and for the re-telling of an old story, with the ad- 
 dition of facts and circumstances that have not hitherto 
 been printed. 
 
 A deeper interest may be felt in this attempt to cut to 
 the very root of this monstrous parasite upon our Ameri- 
 can civilization, by my stating here that the Kev. Solo- 
 mon Spaulding, the author of the romance called " The 
 Manuscript Found," from which the "Book of Mor- 
 mon" was formulated, was my mother's uncle by mar- 
 riage ; that this romance was for a long time in the 
 house of my grandfather, "William Harvey Sabine, near 
 Syracuse, New York, and that it contained no sugges- 
 tion of polygamy. 
 
 With the intention of writing these pages I visited 
 Mrs. McKinstry, the daughter and only child of tlie 
 Rev. S. Spaulding, in Washington, D. C, in 1880, and 
 she then made a sworn statement as to her father's 
 authorship of the work which has been used with such 
 disastrous effect by crafty men. (Appendix No. 1.) 
 
 This venerable lady at the time mentioned was seventy- 
 seven years of age, but in sound health and possessed of 
 
4 PBEFACE. 
 
 excellent memory. She resided for fifty years at Mun- 
 Bon, Mass., where she is favorably known, as well as her 
 son, Dr. McKinstry, of Long Meadow, near Springfield, 
 Mass., and her son-in-law, Mr. Seaton, chief clerk of 
 the Census Bureau, Washington, D. C. 
 
 With Mrs. McKinstry's full consent to follow up the 
 subject, several localities in Ohio and Central 'New York 
 were visited by the writer in the autumn of 1881, and 
 with the gleanings thus obtained, the family traditions, 
 the letters written by aged people conversant with the 
 topic and roused into action through the publishing of 
 the statement referred to in the Century Magazine (then 
 Scrihier^s), the following pages have been written. It 
 is the only attempt of the Eev. S. Spaulding's relatives 
 to set this matter in its proper light, a duty long delayed 
 to the memory of an upright man. 
 
 Ellen E. DicKisrsoN. 
 
Authors Consulted at the Astor Library. 
 
 GUNNISON, STENHOUSB, 
 
 HYDE. GREEN, 
 
 KIDDER, TUCKER, 
 
 CASWELL, Gov. ELI H. MURRAY, 
 
 AMERICAN ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
INTRODUOTIOE". 
 
 No. 12 West Twelfth Steeet, 
 New York, July 9, 1882. 
 
 In my boyhood I resided in Onondaga Hollow (now 
 Valley), and was acquainted with William H. Sabine, the 
 grandfather of Mrs. Ellen E. Dickinson, the author of 
 this book, and well remember his residence, in which the 
 Spaulding manuscript is said to have been kept for some 
 years. 1 have not read this book myself, as my health 
 will not permit it ; but in conversation with Mrs. Dick- 
 inson I have become satisfied that she has introduced 
 considerable original material, and has gathered from 
 books already published a large amount of interesting 
 matter relating to the subject of Mormonism. 
 
 This seems to be the time to publish a narrative of the 
 early history of Mormonism. The subject is exciting 
 great interest at present ; and as no books have been pub- 
 lished relating to it for many years, the present genera- 
 tion has slight acquaintance with it. 
 
 With my knowledge of Joseph Smith and one of his 
 first followers, Phelps, a Canandaigua printer, it has 
 been for more than half a century the occasion of sur- 
 prise and regret that such vulgar impostors should have 
 obtained a following, which is even now drawing prose- 
 lytes by the thousand from Europe. 
 
 ThueijOW Weed. 
 
OOK^TEIifTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. PABB 
 
 Sketch of the Life of Solomon Spaulding and his Authorship of 
 a Romance which he called " The Manuscript Found " . . . . 13 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Following the Fate of " The Manuscript Found " from the Year 
 1816 to 1834 19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Sketch of Joseph Smith's Early Life — The Printing of the " Book 
 of Mormon " 28 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Sketch of Sidney Rigdon — Interview with General and Mrs. 
 Garfield, at Mentor — Description of the Mormon Temple at 
 Kirtland, Ohio 47 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Interview with D. P. Hurlburt, at Gibsonburg, Ohio, and with 
 E. D. Howe, at Painesville, Ohio, in 1880 62 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 
 Visit to Conneaut, Ohio, in 1880 — Reminiscences of Rev. S. 
 Spaulding and the First Mormon Conference, in 1834 77 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 The Mormons in Missouri 83 
 
12 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER Vlir. PAas 
 
 The Mormons at Nauvoo — Description of the Temple — The 
 
 Death of the Prophet 94 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Brigham Young's Election to the Presidency — Expulsion of the 
 
 Mormons from Nauvoo, in 1846 113 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 The Early Political Situation of the Mormons in " The Land of 
 the Honey Bee " — The Mountain Meadow Butchery — The 
 Influence of the Mormons Over the Indians 132 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Polygamy in Utah — The Granting of Woman's Suffrage in 
 
 1871— The Edmunds' Bill— Sketch of Brigham Young 140 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 John Taylor Elected as Successor to the Second Prophet —The 
 Trial of Rudger Clawson, Jr., for Bigamy— Salt Lake City — 
 Its Beautiful Location — The Tabernacle and Public Build- 
 ings — Mormon Conferences — The Freedom of the Ballot in 
 Utah — The Present Generation of Mormons — Predictions 
 Regarding the Future of Mormonism — Far-seeing Mormons 
 Preparing a Rendezvous for the Victims of the Edmunds' 
 Law 167 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Doctrines of Mormonism — Hierachical Orpranization — The 
 "Book of Mormon"— Church Polity— The Faith of the 
 Latter-Day Saints — Their Modes of Worship 200 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 The Josephites— Epitome of the Faith and Doctrines of the Re- 
 organized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints — 
 David Whitmer— The Debate at Kirtland, Ohio, in 1884, 
 Concerning the "Book of Mormon" — The Revelation on 
 Celestial Marriage Given to Joseph Smith in 1843 215 
 
 Appbndix , 337 
 
 Index 269 
 
NEW LIGHT OI^ MORMOITISM, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Sketch of the Life of Solomon Spaulding and his authorship of a 
 romance which he called " The Manuscript Found." 
 
 Solomon Spaulding was born at Ashford, Conn., in 
 1761, of a highly respectable family of English extrac- 
 tion, some of whose members served as officers in the 
 Eevolutionary "War. 
 
 He was educated at the Plainiield, Conn., Academy 
 and at Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1785, 
 subsequently studying theology, and preached for a few 
 years in some obscure New England town, but retired 
 from the ministry, it is said, in consequence of ill-health. 
 Soon after leaving Dartmouth he married Miss Matilda 
 Sabine, of Pomfret, Conn. Next we hear of Mr. 
 Spaulding at Cherry Valley, N. Y., where he became 
 principal of an academy, and remained until, through 
 the persuasion of his brother, John Spaulding, he re- 
 moved to a little town in Ohio, west of Buffalo, called 
 at the time Salem, but now known as Conneaut, Ashta- 
 bula Co. Here the Spauldings, with Mr. Henry Lake, 
 were owners of an iron foundry, and were engaged in 
 successful business until the War of 1812, which ruined 
 them financially. 
 
14 KEW LIGHT ON" MOKMONISM. 
 
 Solomon Spaulding, being an invalid, remained much 
 of the time in his own house, reading and writing. He 
 was a peculiar man, of fine education, especially devoted 
 to historical study, the writing of essays and romances, 
 and given to talking to his neighbors of what he had 
 read and written. 
 
 He was greatly superior to the people generally with 
 whom he came in contact in that part of the country, 
 both in mental capacity and education, possessed a com- 
 manding personal appearance — being over six feet in 
 height — and had a pleasing, intelligent countenance. 
 With all these advantages he was naturally looked upon 
 as a man of consequence, and his opinions and conver- 
 sation were listened to with earnest consideration by his 
 acquaintances and neighbors. 
 
 He was in the habit of frequently reading to them 
 something he had written for their amusement and 
 benefit, and these unique entertainments made a vivid 
 and lasting impression upon those who were so fortunate 
 as to attend them. 
 
 In close proximity to the Spaulding residence there 
 were some earth-mounds ; th^y greatly interested him, 
 and in order to have one of them investigated he had a 
 large and vigorous tree cut down, which, on examination, 
 turned Qut to be one thousand years old. Buried within 
 the mound were various evidences of a prehistoric race, 
 relics of a civilized condition, mingled with human bones, 
 which were portions of gigantic skeletons. This dis- 
 covery very greatly excited him and fired his imagination. 
 He had been the very first person, it is said, to specu- 
 late and write on the origin of the various earth-mounds 
 in the Mississippi Talley and that region, and had long 
 had a theory as to the peopling of this country by a race 
 which had inhabited the whole Continent, possessing the 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 15 
 
 refinements of civilization, and which had, in some un- 
 accountable manner, perished. The relics secured by his 
 workmen seemed to confirm this idea ; here he found 
 tangible proofs that his theories and conversations on the 
 subject were not the mere vagaries of a distorted and 
 fanciful imagination, and he immediately began to write 
 a new romance. 
 
 The extreme antiquity of the relics belonging to the 
 race whose history he professed to give led him to adopt 
 the most antique style of composition, and so he imitated 
 the Scriptures, as the most ancient book in the world ; 
 and his knowledge of the classics and histories of the 
 olden times enabled him to introduce the odd names 
 which were noticed by his friends, and which were after- 
 ward easily distinguished by them. In common with 
 all antiquarians, Mr. Spaulding was aware that the 
 mound- builders are supposed to have been very religious, 
 as well as superstitious ; but 'as to the nature of their 
 religion and superstitions it is impossible to determine 
 aught, save their striking similiarity to the religion of the 
 modern Indians, and to that of the ancient Magi of 
 Persia, before the days of Zoroaster. 
 
 Mr. Spaulding conceived the idea that among the pre- 
 historic mementoes discovered by his workmen some 
 golden plates covered with hieroglyphical writing had 
 been found, and that he merely translated the story of a 
 people whose wanderings and sufferings had been thereon 
 inscribed, and of which, he had deciphered the interpre- 
 tation. He altered the plot of his novel after writing 
 a portion of it. The emigrant Jews, whose story he pro- 
 fessed to narrate, were, in the first instance, fitted out at 
 Home for their travels ; but after reflection he started 
 them from Jerusalem, with Levi and his four sons, under 
 divine direction. Tears after, when his manuscript ro- 
 
16 NEW LIGHT OS MOEMOXISM. 
 
 mance Avas eagerly sought for at Harlwicli, N. Y., the 
 rejected beginning of his story was foand. 
 
 Mr. Spaulding was a rapid writer, and as he pro- 
 gressed with his romance from day to day, he read it to 
 his wife and neighbors, all of whom were greatly im- 
 pressed with its peculiarities. He called it " The Manu- 
 script Found" — that is, a written history of a lost peo- 
 ple, found in an earth-mound. It purported to be an 
 account of the peopling of America by the lost tribes of 
 Israel, the tribes and their leaders having very singular 
 names ; among them. Mormon, Moroni, Lamenite, and 
 Nephi — names found nowhere else in literature. So 
 much interest was awakened by this romance, and it was 
 such a distinction, at the time, to write a book, that he 
 determined to publish it. (Mr. Spaulding laughingly re- 
 marked to Nathan Howard, a neighbor, that probably in 
 a century from that time his account of the early in- 
 habitants of America would be accepted as a veritable 
 history.) For this purpose he removed to Pittsburg, 
 where he had a friend named Patterson, a publisher, to 
 whom he gave his manuscript for inspection, hoping he 
 would print it, believing that its publication would not 
 only establish Mm as a successful author, but give him, 
 in addition, a comfortable competence. The war had 
 blasted all his hopes of bettered fortime at Conneaut ; 
 but he now felt sanguine of success if his book could 
 reach the public in proper form. A young printer, 
 named Sidney Rigdon, was in Mr. Patterson's printing 
 house ; he had been there but a short time, and, from 
 many indisputable facts, it is believed he had followed 
 Mr. Spaulding from Conneaut, or its immediate neigh- 
 boriiood, and having heard him read ' ' The Manuscript 
 Found," and announce his plan for its pubhcation, de- 
 vised a treachery toward both author and publisher, which 
 
NE^V LIGHT ON MORMONISII. 17 
 
 the world has reason to remember. This same Sidney 
 Eigdon figured prominently twenty years later as a 
 preacher among the Mormons. After weeks of delay, 
 during which time Mr. Spaulding's manuscript was left 
 carelessly lying about in the office of the printing house, 
 Mr. Patterson decided not to publish it. He admitted 
 its cleverness, and said to the author, " Polish it up, 
 finish it, and you will make money out of it." It is 
 probable that Mr. Spaulding did not attempt to find 
 another publisher, as he was disheartened and impecuni- 
 ous. It was a very difEerent matter to publish a book 
 at that time from the present era of books and book- 
 making. Within a few months he seems to have aban- 
 doned his attempt to have his romance printed, and took 
 his family to Amity, "Washington Co., Penn., where he 
 at one time kept a store, and then a public-house, and 
 again became the centre of an admiring circle of listen- 
 ers to his talk and writings. The author has recently 
 received a letter (see Appendix No. 2) from a very 
 aged man, still living near Amity, who distinctly re- 
 members Solomon Spaulding and his " Manuscript 
 Found." This same Mr. Miller testifies that he often 
 heard the romance read, remembers many particulars in 
 it, citing a description in the story where, before a 
 battle, one of the armies painted their faces with red 
 paint to distinguish them from their enemies, and that 
 he afterward read the same description in the same con- 
 nection in the " Book of Mormon." Mr. Miller remem- 
 bers distinctly, too, that Mr. Spaulding accused Eigdon of 
 copying his manuscript while it was in Mr. Patterson's 
 office, giving his reasons for such a belief. In 1816 
 Mr. Spaulding died of consumption at Amity, and was 
 there buried in the village graveyard. 
 
 His friend Miller tells how he nursed- him in his long 
 
18 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISJf. 
 
 illness, made his coffin, helped to bury him, and settled 
 np his slender estate. At this time " he stooped for- 
 ward a little, had a sober visage, was reserved in conver- 
 sation, and very candid apparently in his dealings," and 
 " I think he was a very good man," adds the narrator 
 of this unfortunate author's last experiences. 
 
 The humble head-stone which marks his grave has 
 been almost entirely chipped away by relic hunters of 
 our own and foreign lands ; but there is a promise that 
 the Historical Society of Washington Co., Penn., will 
 replace it with a handsome and suitable monument at no 
 distant day. 
 
CHAPTEE II. 
 
 Following the fate of " The Manuscript Found " from the year 1816 
 to 1834. 
 
 Immediately after Solomon Spaulding's death at Amity, 
 Penn., in 1816, Mrs. Spaulding and her daughter re- 
 moved to the residence of "William H. Sabine at Onon- 
 daga Yalley (called " Hollow" at the time), IST. Y., tak- 
 ing with her all her personal effects. According to the 
 remembrances of certain persons now living, Mrs. Spauld- 
 ing was greatly esteemed by " Squire Sabine," as he 
 was familiarly known. She was his only sister, and a 
 woman of intelligence, refinement, and many virtues, 
 and he invited her to make a prolonged visit at his 
 house in consequence of her impoverished condition. 
 Mr. Sabine was a lawyer of distinction and wealth, 
 a graduate of Brown University, and known through- 
 oiit central New York for his legal abilities and probity 
 of character,* He was the personal friend of Judge 
 Conklingof Utica (father of Koscoe Conkling), of Judge 
 Strong of Onondaga Co., and of Judge Miller of Cayuga 
 Co. (the father-in-law of William H. Seward), and of all 
 the leading men of that part of the State, one of the 
 most prominent of whom was Judge Joshua Forman, 
 his brother-in-law and partner, whose name will al- 
 ways be associated with the history of our country in 
 
 * It may also be stated that Mr. Sabine accepted a military com- 
 mission, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and in 1811 with- 
 drew from the service. He was a strong Federalist, and was candi- 
 date for the Assembly in 1815, 1816, and 1817. 
 
30 NEW LIGHT ON MOEHONISM. 
 
 connection with his instrumentality in the constrnction 
 of the Erie Canal and originating the banking system 
 called the " Safety Fund Act," during the administra- 
 tion of Martin "Van Buren as Governor of the State of 
 New York, which subsequently became a law in this 
 State, and in 1860 was adopted by the general govern- 
 ment, and is now in general use.* 
 
 Squire Sabine's house remains in perfect preservation, 
 is still owned by the family ; and Mrs. McKinstry, in 
 talking of it two years since, described its rooms and 
 surroundings as she saw them in 1816 and 181 Y, which 
 correspond very closely to their present condition. 
 
 Among Mrs. Spaulding's belongings which she con- 
 veyed to the old homestead was a hair-covered trunk, of 
 a kind much used in those days, filled with her deceased 
 husband's writings, which she had preserved — sermons, 
 essays, novels, and a manuscript, which she and all the 
 family were familiar with, under the title of " The 
 Manuscript Found." Mrs. McKinstry, Mr. Spaulding's 
 daughter, says that she perfectly remembers this trunk 
 and its contents ; that it was in the garret of the house ; 
 that she and her cousins (one of them the mother of the 
 writer) had access to it and frequently looked it through. 
 She remembers one set of papers or manuscripts an inch 
 thick, closely written and tied up with some of the stories 
 which she recognized as having been written by her 
 father, and read to her by him at Conn'eaut. One of 
 these stories was called " The Frogs of Wyndham," and 
 she repeated it to the writer recently, giving an imitation 
 of her father's comic recitation of it. One of the manu- 
 scripts she distinctly remembers to have seen had the 
 title " The Manuscript Found." 
 
 * See Magazine of American History, Jnne, 1882. 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 31 
 
 As she was between eleven and twelve years of age at 
 this time, and precocious, she well understood what she 
 saw and read. The trunk containing the manuscript is 
 understood to have been in Mr. Sabine's house nearly 
 three years. While it was there Mrs. Anna T. Eed- 
 field, still living in Syracuse, N. Y., eighty-three or 
 four years of age, of sound mi ad and memory, and of 
 high social position (see Appendix ISTo. 3), was a resident 
 in Mr. Sabine's family. 
 
 She also remembers hearing a great deal of a manu- 
 script which Mrs. Spaulding said was written by her de- 
 ceased husband, and the comments made upon it by Mr. 
 Sabine and the neighbors, and their all agreeing that it 
 was a wonderful story, both in style and substance. In 
 after years, in seeing the " Book of Mormon," she found 
 names and incidents in it which she heard in connection 
 with the Spaulding manuscript at Onondaga Valley. 
 The writer has often heard members of her family say 
 that Joe Smith was at one time their servant or hired 
 man. Probably it was while Mrs. Spaulding was at 
 Onondaga Valley. 
 
 Smith was in Onondaga County about the time men- 
 tioned, as his name (according to Gunnison) appears in 
 the criminal records of 1817. Pie was about eighteen or 
 nineteen years old, possibly twenty, when he was in the 
 Onondaga County Jail for " vagrancy and debt," and 
 this jail was then at Onondaga Hill, two miles from Mr. 
 Sabine's house. An old man remembered that Smith was 
 about this time employed to " locate" water with sticks of 
 witch-hazel, the "divining-rods" in the vicinityof Syra- 
 cuse and Onondaga Valley, and there is a local tradition 
 that he was employed to look for gold in what is supposed 
 to be an earth-mound, a conical-shaped hill, between 
 Syracuse and Onondaga Valley, with his "seer-stone." 
 
22 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 There is no reason to doubt that Joe Smith was once 
 in the employ of Mr. Sabine as a teamster and man for 
 out-door work, taking his meals in the kitchen, and 
 hearing the talk of the house. 
 
 Some authors on Mormonism have said Smith stole the 
 Spaulding manuscript while at Mr. Sabine's ; this state- 
 ment is not correct. He heard of it, and from his 
 knowledge of it was afterward prepared to use what he 
 knew of the matter in getting up one of the greatest 
 delusions in the history of modern times. 
 
 Joseph Sabine, Esq., of Syracuse, son of William H, 
 Sabine, now deceased, twice wrote his recollections for 
 New York newspapers of the family traditions in rela- 
 tion to Mr. Spaulding, his romance, its being in his fa- 
 ther's house, and of Joe Smith's residence at Onondaga 
 Valley. 
 
 In 1820 Mrs. Spaulding married Mr. Davison of 
 liartwick, near Cooperstown, N. T. Mrs. McKinstry 
 says she vividly remembers seeing the hair trunk and 
 looking over its contents in a closet in Mr. Davison's 
 house, at Cooperstown, where it had been removed, and 
 noticing its important feature, " The Manuscript Found ;" 
 but the two ladies, mother and daughter, in their new re- 
 lations and new home, did not give the same attention 
 to Mr. Spaulding' s literary legacy that they had while in 
 Mr. Sabine's house. 
 
 In 1828 Matilda Spanldjng married Dr. A. McKinstry, 
 of Munson, Hampden Co. , Mass. , and her mother fol- 
 lowed her a little while afterward to make a visit, which, 
 for some family reasons (on the part of Mrs. Davison), 
 eventuated in her remaining there permanently until her 
 death. She placed her furniture, and with it the old 
 Spaulding trunk of manuscripts, in the custody of -a cousin 
 at Hartwick, named Jerome Clark. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 23 
 
 Here it must be remembered that the facilities for 
 travel and transportation were then very different from 
 the present expeditious methods by railway and express. 
 Fifty years ago journeys were slowly and expensively 
 accomplished ; and in leaving her effects with a cousin 
 she felt they were safe, and that she would return for 
 them ; and she had not the remotest suspicion of the 
 use to be made of one of the manuscripts by fraudu- 
 lent men almost immediately after her departure from 
 Hartwick. 
 
 Soon after Mrs. Davison went to Mcinson the -whole 
 country was filled with an agitation in regard to a new 
 religious faith called Mormonism ; and the report that it 
 was founded on Solonion Spaulding's romance, " Manu- 
 script Found," quickly followed, to the immense surprise 
 of Mrs. Davison, Mrs. McKinstry, and every one con- 
 nected with the author of that remarkable and unfortu- 
 nate novel. Then a report was directly carried to these 
 ladies, that a great meeting of Mormons had been held at 
 Conneaut, Ohio, and that on one occasion, when the 
 " Book of Mormon" was read before the assemblage, 
 John Spaulding and Mr. Lake, the former partners of 
 Solomon Spaulding, and many other persons who were 
 present, recognized its similarity to the story called 
 " The Manuscript Found," with which they had beeii so 
 familiar years before (see statements ith and 5th, Ap- 
 pendix) in that very locality. 
 
 She was not a little excited over what she heard of the 
 Mormons, and Mrs. McKinstry says she remembers how 
 her mother talked on the subject, expressing a firm con- 
 viction that Sidney Eigdon had copied the manuscript, 
 which had been in Mr. Patterson's office in Pittsburg. 
 She also said at this time that Mr. Spaulding had assured 
 her that he recovered his original manuscript when Mr. 
 
34 NEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 
 
 Patterson refused to publish it ; and she never wavered 
 or doubted in this belief. 
 
 That the Mormons agreed with her in this conviction, 
 and felt that tlieir exposure and ruin were certain if the 
 Spaulding manuscript remained in existence, is proved 
 by the trick which they practised to get it into their 
 possession. Previous to this time, when the Mormon 
 fraud was inaugurated at Palmyra, the report of it 
 naturally reached Plartwick ; and some one who was 
 acquainted with the fact that Spaulding's writings were 
 in the hands of Jerome Clark applied to him request- 
 ing to see them, and he refused. He probably allowed 
 persons interested, whom he could trust, to look over 
 the contents of the old trunk. A son of this Mr. Clark, 
 now residing in Sonoma, California (see Appendix No. 
 6), wrote to the author that when he sold his father's 
 farm near Hartwick, in 186i, the old trunk known to the 
 family as having belonged to the Spauldings was still in 
 the garret. Mrs. George Clark also remembers " that 
 Mrs. Davison once while visiting them gave her a manu- 
 script to read written, as she said, by Mr. Spaulding, as 
 a pastime to while away the days of sickness." From 
 these letters of the Clarks it appears that Mrs. Davison 
 spent some time with them at Hartwick " nearly fifty 
 years ago, and went from there direct to Munson, 
 Mass." 
 
 Later, she sent word to these relatives to sell the 
 furniture which they had stored for her, but the trunk 
 remained. Mrs. McKinstry states that her mother fully 
 intended to return to Hartwick. Certain events occur- 
 red to prevent it, which are not necessary to be related 
 here. 
 
 It will be subsequently seen that " The Manuscript 
 Found" was stolen from her. 
 
NEW LIQHT ON MOKMONISM. 3& 
 
 : Onondaga Yalley, Harfcwick, and Palmyra, being con- 
 tiguous in central New York, the story of the Spaulding 
 manuscript was familiar to many people, as well as to 
 the residents of Conneaut, where the first great confer- 
 ence of the Mormons was held. 
 
 Of the professed converts to Mormonism, so long as it 
 suited a scheme he had to make money out of it, was one 
 Dr. D. P. Hurlburt, a man of good address and fine 
 personal appearance. He was sent by a committee, as 
 he at tlie time represented the matter, to visit Mrs. 
 Davison at Munson, Mass., and ask permission to carry 
 " The Manuscript Found," written by Solomon Spauld- 
 ing, to Conneaut, in order to compare it with the " Book 
 of Mormon." 
 
 Fni-ther on in these pages there is an account of an in- 
 terview with this Dr. Hurlburt, who was still living at 
 Gibsonburg, Ohio, in November, 1880. 
 
 The perfect familiarity of the Mormon leaders with 
 the history of the Spaulding manuscript at the time is 
 proved by Dr. Hurlburt's method to obtain it. His visit 
 to "William H. Sabine, at Ononodaga Valley, to procure 
 a letter of introduction to Mrs. Davison, with a request 
 from him to let Hurlburt have the manuscript, was a 
 subtle and clever contrivance, undoubtedly suggested by 
 Joseph Smith, who was acquainted with his former em- 
 ployer's peculiarities, his probity of character, and un- 
 questionable willingness to assist in proving the " Book 
 of Mormon" to be a plagiarism of Spaulding' s romance. 
 
 In the year 1834 Dr. Hurlburt, after procuring a 
 letter of introduction to Mrs. Davison from her brother, 
 "William H. Sabine, at Onondaga Yalley, proceeded in 
 his nefarious scheme for obtaining the original Spauld- 
 ing "Manuscript Found." "When he appeared at 
 Munson, Mass., equipped with this letter and the re- 
 
26 KEW LIGHT OlSr MORMONISM. 
 
 quest it contained, that Mrs. Davison sliould write an 
 order to Jerome Clark to give him the manuscript, both 
 Mrs. Davison and Mrs. McKinstry distrusted his motives 
 at once. 
 
 "With a woman's quick perception of character, they 
 each had an intuition, from something in his personal 
 appearance, that he was deceptive, and that he visited 
 them for no good purpose. He told them that he had 
 been a convert to Mormonism, but.v/as now convinced of 
 its fallacies and plagiarisms, and had come to them to 
 ask their assistance in exposing the shameful imposition 
 to the world. 
 
 With all- his honeyed words, Mrs. Davison disliked the 
 man. She was careful to have her daughter with her 
 during the interview, and so unwilling was she to yield 
 to her brother's request to loan the manuscript, that she 
 requested Dr. liurlburt to stay over night that she might 
 reflect thoroughly upon the matter ; and it was only after 
 his protracted waiting, and his repeated and apparently 
 sincere assurances that he would in due season return the 
 manuscript, that she at last gave him the order to Jerome 
 Clark, at Hartwick, to deliver it into his temporary keep- 
 ing. 
 
 This unfortunate surrender, Mrs. McKinstry says, her 
 mother regretted to her dying day, since it was entirely 
 against her better judgment, and that she only yielded 
 in deference to lier brother's demand, as she had great 
 respect for his opinion. 
 
 Very soon after liurlburt left Munson the ladies heard 
 directly from Mr. Clark, that he had given him " The 
 Manuscript Found," and that he " opened the old trunk 
 for the purpose." 
 
 Lieutenant Gunnison, in his " History of Mormonism, " 
 says that Clark either by accident or design retained a 
 
KEW LIGHT OX MOKMONISM. 37 
 
 part of the manuscript, which accounts for the report 
 that years after a quire of paper was found in the trunk 
 with Spaulding's first attempt at the romance. 
 
 So far we have traced " Tlie Manuscript Found" to 
 the care of Hurlburt, who gave his most unqualified and 
 sacred promise to i-eturn it to its proper owner ; but from 
 the time it was intrusted to his keeping, no member of 
 Mrs. Davison's family has ever seen it. 
 
 A few weeks after Jerome Clark placed it in Hurlburt's 
 hands, at Hartwick, Mrs. Davison and her daughter, as 
 well as other members of the family, learned that a manu- 
 script, said to be the one Hurlburt had received, was shown 
 and read at Conneaut ; but this report was never com- 
 pletely verified. 
 
 Mrs. Davison made repeated requests by letter to 
 Hurlburt to return .her property, but he never responded 
 by message or letter to her demands, or noticed her ap- 
 peals in any manner, and entirely ignored the matter. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 Sketch of Joseph Smith's early life and the printing of the "Book 
 of Mormon." 
 
 MoEMONisM was founded by Joseph Smith, Jr., in the 
 year 1830, at Palmyra, N. Y. He has been called " the 
 American Mahomet," and he himself declared the 
 "Book of Mormon" to be the Bible of the Western 
 Continent, and the word Mormon to be derived from 
 several languages, and to mean " more good." He was 
 born at Sha.ron, Vt. The date of his birth is not ac- 
 curately known, but is supposed to be about the year 
 1800, possibly a little earlier. His father's name was 
 Joseph, and his mother's maiden name was Lucy Mack, 
 and both were of Scotch" descent. They had nine chil- 
 dren — Hyrum, Alvin, Joseph, Samuel, Harrison, Will- 
 iam, Don Carlos, Sophronia, Catherine, and Lucy. 
 
 The family removed to Palmyra, central New York, 
 while Joseph -was still a lad of nine or ten years of age. 
 Mrs. Smith was a woman who was full of odd conceits 
 and superstitions, while possessing a great deal of natural 
 talent, and she ruled her husband, who was a weak 
 character. 
 
 Before the family left Vermont the parents had 
 agreed that one of their several children was to be or 
 would be a prophet ; and as Joseph resembled his mother 
 more than the others in a certain mental quickness and 
 in his powers of dissimulation, they settled upon him as 
 the " genius" of the household. 
 
 It is said that Joseph at an early age could read, but 
 
• NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISir. 29 
 
 not write ; and when quite young committed these lines 
 to memory from the story of Captain Kidd, the notori- 
 ous pirate, which seemed to give him great pleasure : 
 
 " My name was Kobert Kidd 
 As I sailed, as I sailed ; 
 And most -wickedly I did 
 As I sailed, as I sailed." 
 
 The Smiths lived two or three miles from the town of 
 Palmyra, then in Ontario County, now "Wayne, and were 
 the terror and torment of the neighborhood. They 
 seemed to have no regular occupation, to have been 
 "everything by turns, and nothing long." The father 
 was a cooper by trade, and he dug wells and worked on 
 the neighboring farms when he could ; he also peddled 
 beer and ginger bread, doing a thriving business on 
 training days. The whole family made baskets and 
 maple sugar, and raised and sold garden stuff, at odd 
 times, and the mother washed by the day ; but her em- 
 ployers were careful to have the clothes in before dark, 
 as experience had taught them they would disappear if 
 left on the lines over night. The youthful Joseph as- 
 sisted generally, and was an adept in robbing hen-roosts 
 and orchards ; indeed, from all accounts, the Smiths 
 were considered a thoroughly disreputable family. 
 
 A certain superstitious feeling concerning them also 
 existed in the minds of their more ignorant neighbors on 
 account of the reputation Mrs. Smith had for " telling 
 fortunes" (see Appendix No. 9). 
 
 Mr. Seth W. Chapman at present owns the property 
 that was then known as the Smith farm. "What is now 
 the dining-room of the dwelling was the living-room of 
 the numerous Smiths, with two attic chambers above and 
 a cellar underneath. Later a bedroom was added on the 
 ground floor. 
 
30 NEW LIGHT OK MORMONISAI. 
 
 Yery early Mrs. Smith instructed her son Joseph to 
 set up a claim for miraculous powers, which he willingly 
 adopted. While he was watching the digging of a well, 
 or himself digging it, he found, or pretended to find, a 
 peculiarly shaped stone that resembled a child's foot in 
 its outlines. It has been said that this little stone, after- 
 ward known as the "peek stone" and the "Palmyra 
 seer stone," had been in the possession of Mrs. Smith's 
 family for generations, and that she merely presented it 
 to Joseph when he was old enough to work miracles with 
 it ; and that he hid it in the earth to find it again when it 
 was convenient. As has been written, this " seer stone" 
 was " the acorn of the Mormon oak." 
 
 From that time on Joseph Smith fooled the credu- 
 lous residents of the sparsely settled vicinity with the 
 " peeker" in his white stove-pipe hat, which he held 
 close to his face ; he saw very remarkable sights — buried 
 treasures of gold and silver, etc. ; he could trace stolen 
 ■property, tell where herds of cattle had strayed, and 
 where water was to be found. With the " peek stone" 
 he carried a rod of witch-hazel, to assist in the discovery 
 of water ; and between the stone and the rod he eked 
 out a precarious subsistence. 
 
 A personage of this peculiar type was sure to find 
 followers ; and " Joe Smith," as he was called, soon be- 
 came the head of a band that slept during the day and 
 wandered in the night-time to such places as they were 
 directed to by their leader to dig for hidden treasures. 
 
 Joe laid down certain laws to his " phalanx" in their 
 operations ; and if they disobeyed his rules, the charm of 
 the proceeding was broken. So it frequently happened, 
 when he assured his friends that they were close to the 
 coveted prize, if the commanded silence, which may 
 have lasted for hours, was broken by the slightest mani- 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISMi 31 
 
 festation of gratified pleasure, he declared the gold, or 
 silver, had been "spirited away," and he must again 
 " follow the lead of the witch-hazel and ' peek stone ' to 
 see where it had ' located.' " "When Joe wanted fresh 
 meat for his family, he gave out that it would be neces- 
 sary to insure the success of the "diggers," as these 
 worthies were called, by having a black sheep killed, as 
 a sacrificial offering, before going to work. 
 
 This state of affairs continued for some time, and his 
 reputation extended to the adjacent counties, which he 
 often visited. He disappeared for four years, which are 
 involved in mystery ; but he is knowii to have been dur- 
 ing that time in both Onondaga and Chenango counties, 
 as his name appears in the criminal records of both as a 
 vagabond. 
 
 It must have been during this absence from Ontario 
 (now Wayne) County that he was employed by William 
 H. Sabine, Esq., at Onondaga Valley, in 1819 or 1820. 
 Smith, by his own statement, at one time worked for a 
 man by the name of Stowell, near Hartwick, where the 
 trunk containing Spaulding's manuscript and other writ- 
 ings was at the time deposited. He is also known to 
 have been in Broome County, and at Harpers ville, Penn., 
 visiting some relatives of his mother's. 
 
 At that time there was a peddler named Parley P. 
 Pratt, afterward distinguished for his connection with 
 Mormonism, who was familiar with the affairs of the day, 
 and knew everybody of the slightest note in western 
 New York and northern Ohio. He frequently extended 
 his trips into northern Pennsylvania. His family re- 
 sided at Mentor, Ohio. Sidney Eigdon made mysterious 
 journeys to Pennsylvania ; but exactly when and where 
 Smith, Eigdon, and Pratt met, it is now impossible to de- 
 termine. There is conclusive evidence, however, that 
 
32 XEW LIGHT ON MGRMONISM. 
 
 they did meet, Pratt being, it is supposed, the medium of 
 Eigdon's and Smith's knowledge of each other, the first 
 having copied the Spaulding romance at Pittsburg, and 
 soon after retiring from his trade " to study the Script- 
 ures," as he said, and avowing his intention to become a 
 preacher. His ostensible residence was also at Mentor, 
 Ohio, and it is an established fact that he visited Pitts- 
 burg and the interior of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Smith is known to have had a copy of the Spaulding 
 manuscript in his possession about the year 1820, or at 
 the time these three worthies met, as it is certain that the 
 scheme of the great Mormon fraud was determined 
 about this period between Smith and Eigdon, and 
 arrangements made to develop it as quickly as circum- 
 stances would permit and money could be procured for 
 the purpose. 
 
 Smith was wandering through the country during 
 these years of mystery a portion of the time, and was oc- 
 casionally seen at Palmyra. He heard the theories (as it 
 was a common topic of conversation at the time) that 
 were afloat to account for the peopling of America ; the 
 traditions collected from the Indians ; the Hebrew tradi- 
 tions among them ; the discovery of ruined cities and 
 temples in Central America ; the relics of pottery, bricks, 
 and stumps of axe-cut trees, buried far beneath the sur- 
 face of the Mississippi Valley. He had the wit to under- 
 stand when Rigdon said a book elucidating such theories 
 would pay, especially with the addition of the biblical 
 language of the Spaulding manuscript and its quaint ro- 
 mance. 
 
 Either there, or elsewhere, he pretended to be in- 
 terested in the great revivals that were common at the 
 time in the churches of the different religious denomina- 
 tions. In 1821 there was a revival in the Methodist, 
 
NEW LIGHT ON" MORMONISM. 33 
 
 Baptist, and Presbyterian churches at Palmyra, and some 
 of the Smith family declared they were "converted." 
 The mother, three of the brothers, and a sister joined the 
 Presbyterian communion. Joe asserted his partiality for 
 the Methodists, but ultimately declared he could not 
 decide which was right. He said that his mind was 
 greatly exercised by what he heard first in one church 
 and then in another, and that he gave himself up to 
 prayer for days, "agonizing," that the truth might be 
 made known to him among all the conflicting opinions that 
 he heard am.ong these different sects ; that suddenly his 
 chamber became illuminated, an angel appeared and con- 
 versed with him, instructed him in the ways of righteous- 
 ness, and informed him there was no true Church on 
 eart/^. 
 
 He was further told that his prayers were heard, that 
 he was " dearly beloved of the Lord, and should be com- 
 missioned a priest after the order of Melchisedec — or- 
 ganizing a church of faithful persons in that line to re- 
 ceive the Lord, in the Millennium." 
 
 In a second visit the angel informed him " that the 
 truth should spring out of the eaeth ;" that he would be 
 led to the Hill Cummorah, near Palmyra, and receive 
 from out of the ground holy and prophetic records con- 
 cerning a family of Jews that emigrated from Jerusalem 
 in the time of Zedekiah, and were miraculously led across 
 the Eastern Ocean. 
 
 Beyond question his mind was strangely exercised by 
 the popular religious movement that swept through the 
 country at the time, and his naturally imaginative and 
 superstitious nature was briefly impressed by the elo- 
 quence of the revivalists. He became familiar with 
 scriptural expression, and followed the inclination of those 
 about him to listen to any new-fangled doctrine. 
 
34 NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 
 
 While at Harpersville, Penn., in 1826, he married 
 Emma, the daughter of Isaac Hale, a well-to-do farmer of 
 the vicinity, who was greatly opposed to the " peeker," 
 as he called Joe Smith, who was making himself notori- 
 ous by his strange talk on religious topics and his pre- 
 tensions to be able to work miracles, as well as to locate 
 gold and silver. Numerous tricks were played on Smith 
 by the unbelieving, and his father-in-law threatened to 
 shoot him if he returned to his house after clandestinely 
 marrying his daughter. 
 
 The Smith family were still very poor and etill given 
 to disreputable methods for a living. 
 
 In 1826 Joe Smith returned to Palmyra, and began to 
 act his rdle in bringing before the public, with very 
 great caution, the well-conti'ived Mormon scheme to 
 delude the ignorant and superstitious. At dinner-time, 
 one day, he told his family that in crossing through a 
 grove he found a book in some white sand. They asked 
 'to see it, appearing to believe him ; but he said that 'the 
 angel who told him of its locality had forbidden him to 
 show it without authority, and that any person thus look- 
 ing on it would surely die. 
 
 Having a certain amount of magnetic influence. Smith 
 gathered a few dissolute followers about him. He began 
 to talk to them of some golden plates he had been 
 directed in a vision to dig for in the vicinity, and went 
 about with them to " locate" the treasure. He had a 
 reputation among his admirers of also " casting out 
 devils" and healing the sick. 
 
 Mrs. Smith, Joe's wife, owned a six-acre lot* near 
 the hill that was soon to become famous, four miles from 
 
 * This was probably not Joseph's wife's house, but the house 
 already described, now belonging to Mr. Seth Chapman. 
 
KEW LIGHT OK M0KM02(riSM. 35 
 
 Palmyra, on which there was a small log house, partly 
 jB-nished, having a stove-pipe running through the roof to 
 answer for a chimney. This hill is at preseat known as 
 " Gold Bible Hill." It is conical in shape, smooth and 
 green to the very top, from which there is a picturesque 
 view of hills and dales in all directions. From its pecu- 
 liar form and isolation it is somewhat suggestive of an 
 extinct volcano. It is owned by William T. Sampson, 
 Commander in the United States Navy. In 1826 Joe 
 and his wife were established in the primitive log house, 
 which was visited by Sidney Eigdon, who spent three or 
 four months there ; and a number of other men came, 
 and, after lingering a while, left with an air of mystery. 
 
 The neighbors became suspicious, and thought a band 
 of counterfeiters were at work under Smith's direc- 
 tion ; while he talked of wonders about to be performed 
 "at the hill." There is a tradition that the boys of 
 the vicinity believed a giant would come out of the hill 
 and crush Palmyra and all those who ridiculed the talk 
 of Joe Smith and his revelations. To his adherents 
 Smith said he had been shown the box in which " the 
 golden plates" were concealed, and li^d tried many times 
 to open it, but was struck back bj' an invisible blow 
 coming from Satan, who had been at his elbow, and ac- 
 cused him of avarice and ambition, and that he was 
 obliged to repent and humiliate himself for that great 
 event. He said that angels visited him frequently, and 
 while he boldly confessed himself a great sinner, and 
 owned that he had led an unworthy life, " the Lord had 
 chosen him and forgiven all his sins ; and for His own 
 inscrutable purpose made him, weak and erring as he 
 might have been, the instrument of His glory." 
 
 His interviews with tlie_ angel ' ' Maroni' ' were fre- 
 quent. One of these interviews lasted all night, and at 
 
36 NEW LIGHT ON M0E3IOSISM. 
 
 daybreak, in going home, he was so exhausted that, in 
 attempting to dimb a fence he fell over it, and for a 
 long time was unconscious. He beheld the angel stand- 
 ing over him when his senses retvirned, and he was 
 directed to tell his father all that had been communi- 
 cated, and his father said, "Follow the angel's direc- 
 tion, as he is a messenger from God. " 
 
 Smith related that, after hearing a sermon from the 
 text, " If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God 
 that giveth unto all men and upbraideth none, and it 
 shall be given him ;" that he went into the woods, knelt 
 down and began to pray. A thick darkness covered 
 him, and he thought he was about to be destroyed ; but 
 suddenly a pillar of light arose just over his head, and he 
 saw two personages bright and full of glory beyond 
 description. One of them called him by name and, 
 pointing to the other, said, " This is my beloved son." 
 
 His neighbors have testified that he made contj-adietory 
 statements as to the locality where " the golden plates" 
 were to be found ; but at last, on the night of Septem- 
 ber 22, 1827, amid thunder and lightning and a grand 
 display of celestial pyrotechnics, while Smith and the 
 chosen were fervently praying, an angel came out of a 
 chasm in Cnmmorah Hill, opened for this particular oc- 
 casion, and delivered a box to Smith's care, who said he 
 saw legions of devils struggling with the angel, to keep 
 back the prize. The name of the angel who delivered 
 the box was Moroni, and he informed Smith that the 
 fate of the early inhabitants of America was written on 
 golden tablets within the box, which could only be read 
 by the aid of some wonderful stone spectacles called 
 " Urim. and Thummim" delivered with the plates. 
 
 Smith's story of his first view of the plates, several 
 years previous, is that, following the direction of the 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MORMOKISII. 37 
 
 angel, lie went to the Hill Cummorali and on the west 
 side, near the top, he found a box, that was only partly 
 concealed by loose bits of rock and earth. He removed 
 the obstructions with a lever. The box was made of 
 stones held together with cement. On j)artly opening 
 it he saw the plates and the Urim and TJmmmim.* 
 
 He attempted to take them out, and was forbidden 
 by the "Yoice," and told that four years from that 
 time was the period fixed to receive them ; but he must 
 visit the place each year, on the anniversary of that oc- 
 casion. He followed this advice, and the angel met him, 
 giving him instructions touching " the Lord's purpose in 
 the last daj's, and in what manner His kingdom was to 
 be constituted." 
 
 This precious box was carried to Smith's cabin. He 
 opened it in secret, but said it contained not only the six 
 golden tablets eighteen inches square, held together by 
 rings at the back, and the stone spectacles, but the sword 
 of Laban and a " breastplate," which had been brought 
 from Jerusalem. 
 
 The tablets, he announced, were covered with hiero- 
 glyphics, which he alone had the power to read with the 
 spectacles ; and a little low chamber of his house was 
 made a translating room, Smith standing in one corner 
 behind a blanket which screened him from the curiosity 
 of his scribe, Oliver Oowdrey, who had been a school- 
 master, and Eeuben Hale, his brother-in-law, an admirer 
 of the " Peeker. " Smith said the inscriptions were in a 
 new language, which he called "reformed Egyptian." 
 "While the translation was going on, he came to a part of 
 the narrative that informed him that baptism by immer- 
 
 * Urim and Thummim mean "light" and "perfection," or the 
 "shining and the perfect," according to an accepted Biblical lexi- 
 oograph. 
 
38 NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 
 
 sion for the remission of sins had been tanght and com- 
 manded by the ancient inhabitants of America, and, 
 anxious to learn his " privileges, " the translator, with 
 Cowdrey, retired to the woods " to inquire further of the 
 Lord." 
 
 While they were praying John the Baptist appeared 
 in a "cloud of light," and, laying his hands on them, 
 ordained them. The neighbors heard Smith was writing 
 a book which he called at the time " The Gold Bible," 
 this idea being suggested by the report that a gold Bible 
 had about this time been dng iip somewhere in Canada. 
 
 As the work progressed the people sometimes called 
 to see how it was getting along, and they were allowed 
 to feel the manuscript as it reposed in a pillow-case, but 
 no one was allowed to see it. 
 
 The translating process, it was reported, was simple, 
 as a copy of the hieroglyphics was taken down from the 
 plates, and then Smith dictated to those who copied on 
 paper. 
 
 So much was said at Palmyra of the golden plates, 
 that certain persons contrived a plan to capture them, 
 and a writ for debt was served on Smith as a pretence. 
 To avoid this, he placed the plates, long before prepared 
 by himself and Eigdon, when they met in Pennsylvania, 
 in a bag of beans, and tried to escape, but was overtaken 
 and searched by tlie sheriff, who was not bright enough 
 to look in the bean bag. " If he had looked" (says the 
 narrator of this incident), " he would doubtless have 
 found not only the plates, but a copy of Spaulding's 
 manuscript." 
 
 After this failure of Smith's enemies to capture the 
 golden plates, he and Cowdrey returned to their work, 
 which was slowly accomplished. Meanwhile Smith added . 
 to his reputation by his first great miracle, performed on 
 
NEW LIGUT ON MORMONISJI. 39 
 
 one Newell Knight, who was besieged by devils, his limbs 
 and visage being distorted by pain. Smith commanded 
 the evil spirits to leave him in the name of Christ, and 
 Knight said, " I see them going right through the roof." 
 
 This established the fact, in the minds of certain peo- 
 ple, that Smith had indeed a divine mission to perform, 
 aad that he had, as he affirmed, visits from angels and 
 communications with them. But he was very poor, and 
 so was Rigdon, or the world would have been stirred 
 with Mormonism sooner. 
 
 Martin Harris, a farmer of the vicinity, a man of some 
 considerable means, became acquainted with Smith, and 
 being told by him that the Lord commanded him to as- 
 sist in bringing out the book, yielded, as he afterward 
 acknowledged, in the hope of making money. He made 
 trouble afterward by telling what he had heard of the 
 Spaulding manuscript in connection with Mormonism, 
 and, on that account, was denied certain honors which 
 he coveted. 
 
 In 1828 (as Abigail Harris, the sister-in-law of Martin 
 Harris, testified in 1833), while Martin and his wife Lucy 
 were at her house on a visit, during a conversation about 
 the new faith's being devised by Smith, Lucy said it 
 was " all a delusion ;" to which her husband answered, 
 ""What if it is all a lie ? Let me alone, and I'll make 
 some money out of it." 
 
 The translation was suspended ten months by the 
 abstraction of several sheets by Mrs. Harris, who could 
 not be induced, by threat or cajolement, to give them up. 
 In this way one hundred and sixteen pages of Smith's 
 and Rigdon' s work were lost, and the problem was how 
 to replace them. Smith said he was denied the gift of 
 translation, and eighteen months' labor was thus lost. 
 Joseph had a ' ' Tevelation. ' ' He was told that Satan had 
 
40 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 inspired Harris and his wife to get possession of the 
 manuscript. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Harris separated, and divided their 
 property, on her refusal to join the Mormons. Slie re- 
 mained at Palmyra until her death ; he followed Smith, 
 and, after various misfortunes, died in want. 
 
 Professor Anthon, in a letter dated New York, Feb- 
 ruary 17, 183i, relates that a paper presented to him as a 
 transcript of the characters " on the golden plates" was, 
 in fact, a singular scroll, having crooked characters in 
 columns, which had evidently been arranged by some 
 person who had before him at the time a book containing 
 various alphabets, Greek, Hebrew, and Eoman letters 
 being inverted or placed sideways and placed in perj)en- 
 dicular columns. The whole ended in a rude delineation 
 of a circle divided into various compartments, decked 
 with strange marks copied " after the Mexican calendar 
 given by Humboldt.' ' During the period between Sep- 
 tember, 1829, and March of 1830, the " Book of Mor- 
 mon" was published in the third story of a building in 
 the main street of Palmyra, now known as Exchange 
 How. 
 
 Martin Harris contributed $3000 for this purpose. 
 The foreman in the office at the time was Mr. Pomeroy 
 Tucker, who has since written an interesting work on 
 Mormonism. Major J. H. Grilbert (who is still living, 
 and has contributed a valuable paper, No. 10, to be found 
 in the Appendix) was a compositor in this office at the 
 same time. This was at the printing establishment of 
 E. B. Graudin, editor of the Wayne Senti/nel. 
 
 Mr. Thurlow Weed, then editor of the Anti-Masonio 
 Inquirer in Rochester, had already refused to do Smitli's 
 printing in 1829. The " copy"'was on ruled paper and 
 in Oowdrey's handwriting. Hyrum Smith brought it to 
 
NEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM, 41 
 
 the printing-office, producing it from a tightly buttoned 
 overcoat. One day's supply was given at a time. 
 
 One David Whitmer of Richmond, Mo., it is said, has 
 this manuscript copy. Pie is the sole survivor of the 
 original "three witnesses," as they were called, who 
 testified to the genuineness of the " Book of Mormon," 
 and he may, it is believed, awaken " the saints" some 
 time by publishing a fac-simile edition of the original 
 translation. 
 
 Major Gilbert, mentioued above (as will be seen in 
 the Appendix No. 9), has an unbound copy of the 
 " Book of Mormon," which he kept, sheet by sheet, as it 
 came from the press. The Venerable owner and printer 
 relates how the manuscript was brought to him little by 
 little, badly spelled, grammatically imperfect, and with- 
 out punctuation. He asked to be allowed to alter it. 
 At first, lie says. Smith was unwilling, but afterward per- 
 mitted him to correct the proof, in the evening, as fast 
 as it was printed, to facilitate its completion. In these 
 corrections of proof Major Gilbert used some private 
 marks, which he made with a blue pencil, which he says 
 he could recognize at a glance. 
 
 The book was sold at first for $1.50 a copy, and soon 
 the Smiths had money enough to buy a horse and other 
 luxuries. Before Harris responded to Smith's proposal 
 to raise funds to publish his " translation," two or three 
 printing-houses in other towns had been visited for such 
 purpose by Smith or his agents. 
 
 Mr. Thurlow "Weed has testified to this circumstance, 
 but said later that he was mistaken as to the year 1825 ; 
 that it must have been two or three years later. 
 
 The publication of the book created an intense excite- 
 ment in central and western New York. Certain ques- 
 tions of a religious nature were being agitated at the 
 
43 K£W LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 time, and the public mind was prepared for a new re- 
 ligious sensation. Smith's father and three brothers 
 were his first converts. The first edition of the " Book 
 of Mormon" was of several hundred pages, with an ap- 
 pendix, in which there was a statement signed by " three 
 witnesses" — Oliver Cowdrey, David VVhitmer and Mai-- 
 tin Harris — who were at the time professed believers, and 
 said, " We declare with words of soberness that an angel 
 of God came down from heaven, and he brought and laid 
 down before our eyes, that we beheld and saw, the 
 plates and the engravings thereon." Several years after 
 these "three witnesses" quarrelled with Smith, re- 
 nounced Mormonism, and 'avowed the falsity of the 
 above statement. 
 
 Soon after the book appeared, the clmreh was organized 
 at the house of Peter Whitmer in Fayette, Seneca Co., 
 N". Y., with six members — Joseph Smith, Jr., Oliver 
 Cowdrey, Hyrum Smith, Peter Whitmer, Jr., Samnel 
 H. Smith, and David Whitmer. 
 
 Immediately the Holy Ghost fell on Cowdrey, and he 
 " prophesied," and Smith "stood np and prophesied." 
 
 They had a happy time together, but, owing to the 
 " unbelievei-s" about them, kept their baptism, ordina- 
 tion, and rejoicings a secret for a time. 
 
 These members were called " elders," Cowdrey bap- 
 tizing Joseph Smith, and Smith baptizing the rest. They 
 said it was eighteen hundred years to a day since the res- 
 urrection of Christ. They professed to believe it was the 
 " Church of Christ" once more restored to the earth, 
 holding the keys of authority, and power to bind, and 
 loose, and to seal, on earth and in heaven. 
 
 The following Sunday Cowdrey preached his first 
 sermon on this "dispensation," and "the principles of 
 the gospel as revealed to Joseph. ' ' Mrs. Joe Smith was 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOKMOiTISlkr. 43 
 
 baptized, and given the new name of " Eleetra Cyria," 
 or " Daughter of God." 
 
 The following June (1830) the first Mormon confer- 
 ence was held at Fayette, and there were thirty pro- 
 fessed Mormons present, showing that converts to the 
 new faith were not rapidly made ; but " the gifts" began 
 to mainfest themselves. Smith was heard to say about 
 this time, that he had " got everything ready to fix the 
 fools." 
 
 The religious teachings of the " Book of Mormon" show 
 the infiuence of the doctrinal questions that were being 
 agitated in central New York in 1830 — Calvinism, Uni- 
 versalism, Methodism, Millerism, Eomanism and other 
 forms of belief. Smith and Eigdon were inclined to be 
 Millerites. They had at first vague ideas of the church 
 they were about to establish. Millerism was attracting 
 great attention at the time, so they settled on that doc- 
 trine, and that the Millennium was close at hand ; that 
 the Indians were to be converted ; and that America was 
 to be the final gathering-place of the saints, who were to 
 assemble at the New Jerusalem, somewhere in the in- 
 terior of the Continent. With the " Book of Mormon" 
 as their text, they began to exhort. 
 
 Sidney Eigdon preached the first Mormon sermon in 
 what is at present the Hall of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, at Palmyra, taking a text from " the first 
 Book of Nephi"— part of the "Book of Mormon" — 
 ' ''And, the an^gel spake unto me, saying, These last records 
 wldoh thou hast seen among the Gentiles shall establish 
 the truth of the first, which is of the twelve Apostles of 
 the Lamb / and shall make knovjn the ploA/n and precious 
 things which have heen taken avjoyfrom them, and shall 
 makehnown to all kindreds, tongues, and peoples that the 
 Lanib of God is the eternal father and Saviour of the 
 
44 NK\y LIGHT ON MORMOmSM. 
 
 world, and that all men must corns to Him, or they can- 
 not he saved." The preacher ventured to try to establish 
 the theory that the Bible and the " Book of Mormon" 
 are one in importance and inspiration. He said that he 
 was " God's Messenger," to proclaim this truth, ebc. 
 
 This sermon made so much disturbance, that no " reg- 
 ular preaching" was afterward attempted by the Mor- 
 mons in the immediate vicinity. 
 
 In June (1831) two elders were sent West to preach 
 and found churches, wherever people would listen to 
 them. They made numerous converts. Eigdon was 
 already preparing the way, to tell of the new revelation 
 in the vicinity of Mentor, Ohio. Palmyra being con- 
 tiguous to Hartwick and Onondaga Valle_y, where the 
 Spaulding manuscript was familiar to many people, the 
 similarity of the two was discussed. Smith had a " rev- 
 elation" that Palmyra was not a place for the " Saints" 
 to prosper in, or be recognized, and he talked vaguely of 
 the New Jerusalem in the West, and announced that it 
 was time for the faithful to remove with him to Kirt- 
 land, Ohio, that locality having been agreed upon between 
 himself and Eigdon ; and so the Mormons made " The 
 First Hegira" in their tragical pilgrimage to the West — 
 a tedious journey in 1832 — as they moved onward in 
 wagons, carrying their household goods with them. 
 Smith was already called a " prophet." His family 
 followed him. 
 
 On this journey to Ohio a sister of Joseph was de- 
 livered of a lifeless female child, which, before its birth, 
 it had been foretold would astonish the Gentile world as 
 a second advent of a " triune humanity." The mother 
 was unmarried, and the birth of the babe was to be 
 miraculous ; but it became pretty well understood that 
 Eigdon was its father. 
 
ITEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 45 
 
 In the year of the first Hegira, 1831, the " work" had 
 extended over several of the States, and a large number 
 of converts had been made by the captivating and fiery 
 eloc^nence of Cowdrey, Eigdon, Orley P. Pratt, and 
 others ; the more intelligent and the better educated in 
 the canse had been sent out for that purpose. 
 
 These missionaries had no compensation, and this was 
 one secret of their successfvil preachings. They braved 
 every danger, "faced a frowning world," rejoiced in 
 tribulation, blessed the saints, cursed their enemies, and 
 sang and shouted Glory Hallelujah ! 
 
 There had been as yet no whisper of polygamy. The 
 Mormons were generally hated, but increased with aston- 
 ishing rapidity after the year 1830. 
 
 They were a community which had all goods in com- 
 mon, and this fact threw a fascination over the new faith 
 to thousands of uneducated and illiterate people. They 
 heard scriptural expressions used by the leaders, and had 
 but a vague idea of what it was they professed ; there 
 Avas a novelty about the movement that captivated them, 
 and they were willing to be led on by insinuating men. 
 
 In the year 1832 Smith professed to have had seventy- 
 five " visions" or " revelations." As the analysis of the 
 " Book of Mormon" will show, it is merely a narrative of 
 a people who in an early age inhabited America, its whole 
 construction being Plebraic, and a servile copy of that of 
 the Spaulding manuscript. There was no instruction in 
 it for the conduct of the " Latter-Day Saints." At first 
 neither Smith nor Eigdon, nor their immediate followers, 
 knew what spiritual commands they required. But as 
 events developed their needs, the angel Moroni, the same 
 who delivered the golden plates, appeared to Smith from 
 time to time, until he was killed at Nauvoo in 1846. 
 
 It is a remarkable coincidence that the " Book of Mor- 
 
46 KEW LIGHT ON MOKMOKISM. 
 
 mon" was printed fourteen years after " The Manuscript 
 Found" was written by Solomon Spauldingat Conneaut, 
 and it was fourteen years from the time the Mormons 
 left Palmyra for " Slieinar," as they called Eartland, to 
 the time of Smith's death. 
 
 Some of the people who remember Smith at Palmyra 
 have described him as given to strong drink, and to have 
 been "thoroughly disreputable." Mr. Thurlow Weed 
 remembei's his personal appearance in 1830, and says : 
 ' ' He was tall and awkward in his manner, showed his 
 low origin, and was impudent and bold." At one time 
 Smith affirmed that he was as good as " Jesus Christ," 
 and he was given to showing his abundant self-esteem 
 and egotism on all occasions. 
 
 Of the many reminiscences of the Mormons in Palmyra, 
 is that of the trick that Stephen H. Harding, since Gov- 
 ernor of Utah, when a mischievous lad, played on one 
 Calvin Stoddard, who was a convert of Joseph's, and felt 
 he "had a call" to preach the new faith. One dark, 
 stormy night Harding rapped thrice on Stoddard's door- 
 step, and cried in a deep, sepulchral voice : " Calvin Stod- 
 dard, the angel of the Lord commands that before another 
 going down of the sun thou shalt go forth among the 
 people and preach the gospel of Nephi, or thy wife shalt 
 be a widow and thy children orphans, and thy dust shalt 
 be cast to the four winds of heaven." 
 
 Stoddard no longer hesitated as to his duty, but joined 
 " the new faith," so ridiculed at the time, but which has 
 since become such a mischievous power. 
 
CHAPTER lY. 
 
 Sketcli of SidDey Rigdon — Interview with General and Mrs. Garfield 
 at Mentor, Ohio— Description of the Mormon Temple at Kirtland. — 
 Interview with General and Mrs. Garfield at Mentor in 1880, con- 
 cerning the Mormons. — Description of the Mormon Temple at Kirt- 
 land, Ohio. 
 
 Sidney Kigdon "was born in Alleghany Co., Ponn. 
 He had a fair English education, as well as a knowledge 
 of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. At an early age he was a 
 printer by trade, and is known to have been in Con- 
 neaut, Ohio, at the time Spaulding read his " Manu- 
 script Found" to his neighbors. Major Gilbert is of the 
 opinion that Eigdon took notes on such occasions for 
 after use. 
 
 Everybody who saw this intelligent, well-educated, 
 and erratic young printer, then and later in life, was 
 impressed with his unusual ability and • capacity for 
 trickery ; and it is easy to believe the report that he 
 followed or preceded Spaulding to Pittsburg, knowing 
 all his plans, in order to obtain his manuscript, or to 
 copy it, while it was in Patterson's printing-house — an 
 easy thing to do, as the fact of the manuscript being left 
 carelessly in the office for months is not questioned. 
 
 Mr. Spaulding (as already stated) told his wife and 
 intimates in the last years of his life that a young 
 printer in Patterson's office, named Rigdon, had copied 
 his manuscript while it was there ; hut he never said that 
 lie stole the original cojn/. Spaulding died in 1816. In 
 1817 or 1818 Rigdon, when about twenty-three or twenty- 
 
48 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 four years of age, became an orthodox preacher, but soon 
 gave utterance to strange doctrines, which were recog- 
 nized later as derived from Spaulding's manuscript. He 
 wandered about through the interior and northem part 
 of Pennsylvania, preaching here and there, as opportunity 
 afforded, and then abandoned the practice, as he said "to 
 study the Bible." 
 
 In this interval he met Joseph Smith, as it is believed, 
 through the ubiquitous tin peddler, Orley B. Pratt. For 
 two years he dogged the footsteps of Smith, was fre- 
 quently in Palmyra and its vicinity, and was the master 
 mind in the preparations for this " Peeker" and money- 
 digger in the discovery of the golden plates in Cummorah 
 Hill. 
 
 While these preparations were being slowly made, 
 through lack of funds, Kigdon became a Campbellite 
 preacher at Mentor, Ohio. 
 
 Mr. F. Eudolph, father of Mrs. G-arfield (see Appen- 
 dix No. 11), knew Sidney Rigdon very well, and from 
 him the statement comes that ' ' during the winter pre- 
 vious to the appearance of the ' Book of Mormon ' 
 Eigdon was in the habit of spending weeks away from 
 his home, going no one knew where, and that he often 
 appeared very preoccupied, and would indulge in dreamy, 
 imaginative talk, which puzzled those who listened." 
 "When the " Book of Mormon" appeared, and Rigdon 
 joined in the advocacy of the new religion, the suspicion 
 was at once aroused that he was one of the framers of 
 the new doctrines, and probably was not ignorant of the 
 authorship of the " Book of Mormon." 
 
 Rigdon was versatile in his gifts, had a keen wit, was 
 shrewd, given to discussion on theological and scientific 
 topics, and was considered wily and unprincipled. 
 
 The followers of this remarkable man were now being 
 
KEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 49 
 
 prepared for some new ism, and Lis preaching was talked 
 of far and near. 
 
 Of course the excitement concerning Joe Smith and 
 his new Mormon doctrines at Pahnyra, and through cen- 
 tral and western Eew York, spread into northern Ohio ; 
 and when ' ' The First BLegira' ' took place, in 1832, and 
 the Mormons were at Conneaut, Eigdon was prepared to 
 meet them and to affect to be converted to the new faitli. 
 
 Near his residence in Kirtland there had been for 
 some time previous a few families belonging to his con- 
 gregation who had formed themselves into a community 
 or common-stock society ; they had become fanatical, and 
 were daily looking for some wonderful event to take 
 place in the world. They were prepared to embrace Mor- 
 monism, or any other ism. Seventeen of these people be- 
 lieved the whole story which was related to them of the 
 finding of the plates, and were all baptized in one night. 
 
 At this time Kigdon said he had never been satisfied 
 in his religious yearnings, and that at night lie had often 
 been unable to sleep, walking and praying for more light 
 and comfort in his religion. But while in the midst of: 
 this agony he heard of the revelations to Joe Smith, 
 and his soul suddenly found peace, as they filled all his 
 aspirations. In 1831 the Mormons settled at Kirtland, 
 Lake Co., three miles from Mentor, and here Kigdon 
 joined them. He had no property to offer them, but 
 from this time openly advocated their doctrines, preach- 
 ing to crowds of people who gathered to hear his eloquent 
 discourse, and over whom he seemed to have a wonderful 
 power, and such influence that it is felt to the present day 
 in that vieinit}'. A Presbyterian clergyman of Paines- 
 ville, Ohio, informed the writer in November, 1880, that 
 all the northern part of the State is permeated with the 
 doctrines of the early Mormons. A graphic account of 
 
50 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOSTISM. 
 
 Rigdon's power as an advocate of his new faith has been 
 made by Judge John Barr, of Cuyahoga Co., Ohio. 
 
 In 1830, while Eigdon and Cowdrey were preparing 
 the way for Mormonism, he was at Mayfield, not far from 
 Kirtland, and one Sunday morning went to hear Kigdon 
 and Cowdrey on the revelations of Mormonism. The 
 roads were crowded with people going in the same di- 
 rection. The services were held in a church. Cowdrey, 
 a very eloquent man, opened with prayer, and gave an 
 account of the finding of the golden plates of Isephi. 
 Rigdon followed with an account of his own conversion. 
 He was seemingly very much affected ; was listened to 
 with rapt attention ; and at the close of his harangue very 
 earnestly inquired if any one desired to come forward to 
 be baptized. Only one man, a disreputable old fellow, 
 named Cahoon, who had been some time a member of a 
 Shaker community in the vicinity, and had lived on 
 public charity in general, came forward for immersion. 
 
 This was afterward performed in a clear pool of the 
 Chagrin Eiver, near a bridge, at two o'clock in the after- 
 noon of the same day, a great number of people gather- 
 ing to witness the ceremony. Eigdon stood in the pool, 
 which was shallow, and after a suitable address and 
 prayer Cahoon came forward and was duly immersed. 
 
 Eigdon then, while still standing in the water, made 
 a wonderfully eloquent exhortation. The crowd became 
 greatly affected, and he asked converts to come and be 
 baptized in the new faith, thirty accepting the invita- 
 tion, while the preacher continued his discourse. "While 
 this exciting scene was transpiring. Judge Barr says the 
 faces of the crowd expressed the most intense emotion. 
 Mr. Card, afterward prosecuting attorney of Cuj^ahoga 
 County, was with him, and was so affected by Eigdon 's 
 talk that he begged his friend to lead him away, " He 
 
NEW LIGHT OIJ- MOKMONISir. 51 
 
 was so pale, ' ' says Judge Barr, ' ' I thought he would faint, 
 although naturally a stoical man ; and after we were a 
 mile away on our return, during which time we had not 
 exchanged a word, he said, ' If you had not been there, 
 I should have gone into the water ; the impulse was ir- 
 resistible.' " 
 
 Eigdon often swooned, really or in affectation, which 
 added to the impression he made on an easily excited 
 multitude. When the Mormons went to Kirtland Rig- 
 don said it was " the border of the inheritance of the 
 Saints, which extended to the Pacific." 
 
 One thousand Mormons, the converts of Eigdon and 
 Pratt, greeted Smith on his arrival at Kirtland. People 
 from every part of " the lake region" flocked there, 
 " ecstatics," men and women, falling to the floor groan- 
 ing, and weeping, and pointing toward the heavens, to 
 the " cloud of witnesses" they saw, uttering strange 
 words, sometimes rushing out of doors and running to 
 the fields to mount stumps, whence they gesticulated 
 wildly, or to pick up stones on which a message was 
 written, which disappeared as soon as it was deciphered. 
 
 Some writer has said that " Eigdon's ardor at this time 
 was equal to Smith's genius." 
 
 This "outpouring of the spirit" did not please the 
 prophet, so he ordered moderation, and said these mani- 
 festations were not the work of the spirit, and cautioned 
 the faithful to beware. In 1833 Brigham Young, a 
 native of Vermont, joined the Mormons at Kirtland, and 
 was ordained an elder. 
 
 At a conference of elders, on May 3, 1833, the name 
 of " Mormons" was repudiated, and that of " Latter-Day 
 Saints" was adopted. The first presidency consisted of 
 Smith, Eigdon, and F. G. "Williams. 
 
 In May, 1835, the first missionai-ies, from the " Twelve 
 
52 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 Apostles, " went forth to foreign lands to make proselytes, 
 among whom being Orson Hyde, Brigham Young, and 
 Heber C. Kimball ; Eigdon remained at Kirtland, and the 
 same year issued a volume which he called " The Book 
 of Doctrines and Covenants," and " Lectures on Faith," 
 both of wliicli were immediately adopted by the converts. 
 
 A professor of Hebrew having Joined them, all the 
 male adults studied that language industriously. 
 
 The Mormons remained at Kirtland seven years. Eig- 
 don was considered the ablest man of the whole member- 
 ship. At one time he said he was commanded by a vis- 
 ion to visit Queen Victoria, and to hurl her from her 
 throne if she refused his gospel. 
 
 In 1837 he was president of a " wild-cat" bank at 
 Kirtland, which he originated (Smith being cashier), and 
 he manipulated a great many schemes to obtain money 
 and goods both in Cleveland and in New York, the bub- 
 ble bursting with loss and annoyance to many sufferers. 
 Both Smith and Eigdon, after being tarred and feathered, 
 fled to an advance settlement of Mormons called " !Far 
 West," in Missouri. 
 
 In 1840 the Mormons moved to Nauvoo, 111. In 
 1844, when Smith was killed, Eigdon was tricked out of 
 his leadership by Brigham Young ; and, refusing to rec- 
 ognize his authority, was excommunicated and delivered 
 to the devil, " to be buffeted in the flesh for a thousand 
 years." After his departure from Nauvoo the Danite 
 band was ordered to "/"W him and others who left to 
 keep their mouths closed ; also to intimidate members of 
 the community who were inclined to desert. 
 
 In three years after Eigdon had openly joined the 
 Mormons at Kirtland, Mormon societies were established 
 in Canada, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, New York, 
 Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and in nearly 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MORMOKISM. 53 
 
 all of the Nortliem, Middle, and some of the Sonthern 
 States. 
 
 At one time during liis residence at Kirtland, Alexan- 
 der Campbell, his former associate and patron, challenged 
 him to a public debate, in which he declared he would 
 show the shameless pretension and manifest imposture of 
 the Mormon scheme ; but Rigdon prudently dechned. 
 
 Eigdon once said that Kirtland was to be the eastei-n 
 border of the "promised land," and from thence it 
 would extend to the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 On this land the ]S"ew Jerusalem was to be built, the 
 City of Refuge, where all true Mormons were to assem- 
 ble, to escape the destruction of the world, which was 
 shortly to take place. 
 
 After his expulsion from Nauvoo he returned to Pitts- 
 burg, led a life of utter obscurity and vagrancy, wander- 
 ing at times through the scenes where he had formerly 
 preached with so much power, and dying at Friendship, 
 a village in Alleghany Co., N. Y., July li, 1876. Even 
 in his extreme old age he is described by several persons 
 as being remarkable in his personal appearance, intelli- 
 gence, and memory. 
 
 The statement, that Rigdon with Smith's assistance pre- 
 pared the plates to be used later at Cummorah Hill, while 
 at Great Bend, Penn. , is undoubtedly true. The absence 
 of botli individuals from their accustomed haunts v/as sub- 
 stantiated by several persons familiar with the matter at 
 the time, and by the Rev. Peter Bridgeman, who died a 
 few years since at Cortlandt, N^. T. Smith, too, at the 
 time (1826) was heard to use the words "Mormon" and 
 " Nephi" before he met Rigdon, proving his previous 
 acquaintance with the Spaulding manuscript. 
 
 No one believes that Joe Smith was capable of formu- 
 lating the " Book of Mormon" from " The Manuscript 
 
54 NEW LIGHT ON MOKMOlflSM. 
 
 Found." He was merely the tool of the very clever and 
 unscrupulous Rigdon in this extraordinary and nefarious 
 scheme. 
 
 During the visit to Ohio to collect material for this 
 work, the author had an interesting interview with Gen- 
 eral and Mrs. Garfield at their home in Mentor. Dr. 
 II. M. JField, of the New York McmgeUst, had provided 
 a letter of introduction. It was just after Genei-al Gar- 
 field's election to the Presidency, and happened to be his 
 birthday. There was a family gathering, and at the 
 mid-day dinner, and afterward in the drawing-room, of 
 the general, his wife, his mother, and an elderly physi- 
 cian, long a resident of the neighborhood, and all being 
 familiar with Eigdon, the Mormons, and Mormonism, the 
 talk naturally ran in that direction. 
 
 The general was greatly interested in the account of 
 the visit to Gibsonburg ; he said his farm -had once been 
 owned by a Mormon, that the Mormons gathered at the 
 village of Mentor before going to Kirtland, three miles 
 away, and that Eigdon lived long in the neighborhood. 
 
 Mrs. Garfield repeated some reminiscences of her 
 father's (Mr. F. Eudolph) in connection with Eigdon, 
 and of his being a member of his church and studying 
 Greek with him. General and Mrs. Garfield, as is well 
 known, belonged to the Campbellite Church, in which 
 Eigdon was in early life a minister. 
 
 The general related an anecdote of Joe Smith. He 
 had been preaching at Kirtland some doctrine (a hint of 
 polygamy) that was a surprise to the people of the neigh- 
 borhood. The same night several men went to his 
 house, dragged him out of bed, tarred and feathered 
 him, and rode him on a rail ; and, according to a Mor- 
 mon historian, "his spirit left his body, but afterward 
 regained possession." A child who was in bed with 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM, 55 
 
 Smith was also dragged out, and the exposure caused its 
 death. 
 
 This created a sympathy for the prophet for the time 
 being. The Kirtland Temple, the general said, is owned 
 at present by Joe Smith's son, a number of Mormons 
 still residing near it, the " true Mormons," or Josephites, 
 as they call themselves, who profess to abhor polygamy. 
 
 Both the general and Mrs. Garfield were sure that 
 Eigdon returned to his professed behef in the Camp- 
 bellite doctrines after ho left the Mormons in Illinois, 
 and that he preached again in that neighborhood. 
 
 When General Garfield was at Salt Lake City, on a 
 return trip from California, he visited Brigham Young 
 and asked how he happened to choose that place for 
 settlement. 
 
 " Why," said Young, " we were travelling along, and 
 I was lying in a wagon, and all of a sudden I called out, 
 ' Halt ! the Lord says ".stop here ;" ' and there on that 
 hill" (pointing to one) " an angel of the Lord stood, and 
 pointed down this valley, and said, ' Stay there.' " 
 
 " While we were talking" (continued the General) 
 " the train I was coming away in commenced to move, 
 and Young called to the engineer, stretching out his 
 hand, ' Wait awhile for General Garfield,' and it did 
 wait.' ' Brigham Young he considered a man of im- 
 mense will power and great intelligence. 
 
 General Garfield expressed his utter abhorrence of the 
 Mormons and their doctrines, and hinted at his future 
 course concerning them after his inauguration. 
 
 Kirtland is three miles from Mentor, on a branch of 
 the Chagrin River, and twenty -two miles east from 
 Cleveland, in a remarkably fine country. 
 
 The Monnons on their arrival purchased a square mile,, 
 which was laid out in half -acre lots ; and in addition they 
 
56 NEW LIGHT ON" MORMONISM. 
 
 bought a number of farms, the " church farm" being 
 described as half a mile down in an exquisitely beautiful 
 valley. 
 
 They evidently expected to remain there, as they 
 erected a number of substantial houses and their beauti- 
 ful Temple, which Smith called " the School of the 
 Prophets." 
 
 The advent of so many strangers in the midst of a 
 quiet village was a matter of wonder to the hitherto 
 peaceful residents, and they looked on in astonishment, 
 as did all northern Ohio, when the Mormons built their 
 church, which was commenced in 1832 and finished in 
 1836, the entire cost being $40,000. 
 
 The site occupied measures eighty feet by sixty. On 
 the eastern side is a square tower, one liundred and 
 twenty-five feet in height, which is surmounted by a 
 domed belfry. There are two lofty stories above a base- 
 ment, and the shingled roof is relieved by a number of 
 dormer windows. 
 
 , The arehitectual proportions are good, and the building- 
 has but slight resemblance to the meeting-houses com- 
 mon to the rural portion of Ohio, the windows being 
 Gothic, and filled with small panes of glass, thus affording 
 a pleasing contrast to the solid walls of stone and stucco. 
 There are thirty Gothic, three Venetian, three dormer, 
 one circular, and two square windows. The dome of 
 the steeple is one hundred and ten feet high, and the 
 bell ninety feet from the ground. 
 
 Although the edifice is fifty years old, it is in good 
 preservation, considering the neglect with which it has 
 been treated, and it might be very easily restored to its 
 former beauty. It is at present somewhat picturesque, 
 with its walls streaked with iron-rust, the moss-grown 
 shingles, the eaves filled with wasp and bird nests, and the 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOKMOJflSM. 57 
 
 chimneys betokening a mild decay. Mtiny tourists visit 
 the temple. The keys are kept by an old woman named- 
 Electry Stratton, whose father was a Mormon, and she 
 charges a small fee for showing it to visitors. 
 
 Approaching the temple through the yard surrounding 
 it, an inscription is seen high up on the front wall in 
 golden letters upon a white tablet, which reads : " House 
 of the Lord, built by the Church of Christ, 1834. " The 
 temple faces to the east. The entire front of the first 
 story of the building consists of solid green doors, which 
 open into a vestibule that terminates on each side in a 
 semi-circular stairway. A flood of light enters the ves- 
 tibule through a great square window above it. 
 
 At the right, under the stairway, is the temple " Reg- 
 ister Room," containing a record of visitors. On the left, 
 under the stairs, is the library. The ladies' entrance is 
 on the right, the gentlemen's on the left. -Between these 
 doors are the inscriptions : Laus Deo. Cruxmila an- 
 chora. Magna est Veritas et prevalebit. 
 
 The whole of the first' story is occupied by the audi- 
 torium. The windows at each end are very beautiful, 
 and a row of wooden pillars at the sides gives the effect 
 of galleries on entering the room. The space between 
 the rows is arched toward the centre of the ceiling. One 
 of the pillars contains a windlass, which, in the occupancy 
 of the place by the Mormons, controlled some canvas 
 curtains from above — a large curtain that fell in grooves 
 between the high-backed pews, in such a manner as to 
 separate the men from the women — while the smaller 
 curtain was at right angles with the other, and when 
 desirable it could be lowered, so as to divide the men and 
 women into separate class-rooms. Thus the auditorium 
 could be quartered, or halved, and made either eastward 
 or westward, by changing the movable benches from 
 
58 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 one side of the pews to the other. The pulpits are in 
 clusters of threes, in three tiers, at either end of the 
 room, and are very richly carved. The eastern cluster 
 was devoted to the " Avonic Priesthood," including the 
 " Levitical Priesthood," and used in the administration 
 of the temporal affairs of the church. Each of the three 
 pulpits in the upper tier has three letters on the front, 
 " B. P. A.," meaning " Bishop Presiding over Avonic 
 Priesthood." The middle tier has the letters "P. A. 
 P.," "Presiding Avonic Priesthood." The lower tier 
 has the letters " P. A. T.," " Presiding Avonic Teach- 
 er." The smaller pulpit below is labelled " P. A. D.," 
 " Presiding Avonic Doorkeeper." 
 
 The pulpits at the west end are built up against an 
 outer window, having red and white glass in the arched 
 transom. These were used by the spiritual leaders, or 
 the " Melchisedec Priesthood," Joe Smith's seat being 
 in the highest tier. This- tier of pulpits is marked " M. 
 P. C," " Melehisedec President of Councillors ;" " M. 
 P. H.," "Melehisedec Presiding High-Priest." The 
 lower tier is " M. H. P.," " Melehisedec High-Priest. " 
 Curtains were arranged so as to divide the priesthood, as 
 well as -congregation, and they could at will shut them- 
 selves in for consultation, but could not hide themselves 
 from their superiors in ecclesiastical rank. 
 
 JRemnauts of these movable curtains are still hanging. 
 A small desk before and below the Melehisedec pulpit 
 has three letters on it, " M. P. E.," " Melehisedec Pre- 
 siding Elder." 
 
 The letters are made of red curtain calico, and the 
 desk, as well as all the pulpits above, are now covered with 
 calico ; but in their days of splendor rich velvet draperies 
 enhanced the beauty of the carved wood, and the letter- 
 ing on the pulpits was in gold. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 69 
 
 The gilt mouldings have all been carried off by relic- 
 Imnters, but there are still several mottoes on the walls 
 which remain intact, such as " No cross, no crown,' ' " The 
 Lord reigneth, let the people rejoice," " Great is our 
 Lord and of great power." " Holiness to the Lord" is 
 written over the ten Melchisedec pulpits. 
 
 The auditorium will hold six hundred people. Under 
 Kigdon's, Pratt's, and Cowdrey's exhortations, as well 
 as Smith's, relays of people occupied it in a single ser- 
 vice. Smith was in the habit of saying from his high 
 pulpit, " The truth is good enough without dressing up ; 
 but Brother Eigdon will now proceed to dress it up." 
 The high pews in the corners were for " the best sing- 
 ers in Israel." 
 
 A story is told how a crazy woman would get into one 
 of them and blow a horn when " tlie Saints" displeased 
 her. In the upper story is a second auditorium, verj' 
 similar to the one described, only smaller and lower, which 
 was used as a school for the prophets. Here Latin and 
 Greek Avere taught under the tutorship of Eigdon and 
 his assistant professor of languages. The desks are no 
 longer there, but the places they occupied are shown by 
 marks on the floor. 
 
 One of the pillars in this room bears a remarkable in- 
 scription to this effect, " The Salt Lake Mormons." 
 
 When Joseph Smith was killed on June 27, 1844, 
 Brigham Young assumed the leadership of the church, 
 telling the people, in the winter of 1846, that ' ' all the 
 God they wanted was him," and "all the Bible they 
 wanted was his heart." He led or drove about two 
 thousand people to Utah in 1847, starting for Upper 
 California and landing at Salt Lake, where, in 1852, 
 he presented polygamic revelation to the people. The 
 true church remained disorganized until 1860, when 
 
60 KEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 
 
 Joseph • Smith took the leadership or presidency of the 
 church at Amboy, 111. 
 
 " We (thirty thousand) have no afBHation with the 
 Mormons whatever. They are to us an obsolete people, 
 worliing all manner of abomination before God and man. 
 "We are no part or parcel of them in any sense whatevei*. 
 Let this be distinctly understood. We are not Mor- 
 mons. Truth is truth wherever it is found.' ' 
 
 In the vestibule of the temple there is a photograph of 
 Joseph Smith, Jr., and over it is written, " Joseph Smith, 
 Jr., M. P.O., President of the Reorganized Church of 
 I. C. and L. D. S." The garret of the temple was used 
 formerly as a series of school-rooms for the young Mor- 
 mons. There are mysterious closets, or, as Mr. F. G. 
 Mather (in Li^pmcoW s Magazine ior August, 1880) calls 
 them, " cubby- holes, " in several parts of the building. In 
 one of them was kept the body of " Joseph the son of 
 Jacob," a roll of papyrus in his hand announcing this 
 fact to the Saints. 
 
 When the temple at Kirtland was dedicated there 
 was a great assemblage there, the Mormons spending the 
 day in fasting and prayer. The members of the priest- 
 hood washed their bodies with pure water, and perfumed 
 themselves with eau-de-cologne. They also washed each 
 other's feet, and anointed each other with holy oil, pro- 
 nouncing a benediction in the name of the Lord. In the 
 evening they met to receive the long-expected endow- 
 ment, when they first broke their fast by what they called 
 the " Lord's Supper," in which they ate a light wheaten 
 bread, and freely partook of wine, the prophet telling 
 them it would not hurt them. A spirit of prophecy en- 
 sued in which they blessed their friends and cursed their 
 enemies. An eye-witness of this strange scene says of 
 it : "If I should be so unfortunate as to go to the re- 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 61 
 
 gions of despair, I never expect to hear language more 
 awful or more becoming the infernal pit." 
 
 In 1835 Smith issued a command at Kirtland, that his 
 three or four hundred elders " should seek learning, 
 study the best books, and get a knowledge of kingdoms, 
 countries, and languages;" and a Jew by the name of 
 Seixas was hired to teach languages. 
 
 The Temple has been used within a few years as an 
 Odd Fellows' lodge. At the present time it is owned by 
 Joseph Smith, Jr., and a Mr. Forteseue, who derived 
 their title from a Mr. Huntley, a purchaser under a 
 mortgage sale against the Prophet. This Joseph Smith, 
 Jr., is a son of the Prophet ; he was born at Kirtland in 
 3832, and was twelve years of age when his father was 
 shot at Nauvoo. He has been a farmer, school-teacher, 
 or director and justice of the peace. He has been the 
 editor of The Latter Day Saints' Herald at Piano, 111. 
 
 "When Smith, the Prophet, and Higdoii lied in the 
 night from Kirtland, the Mormons were divided into 
 Rigdonites, Strangites, and various sects, and scattered 
 to several localities ; but a few families remained, of 
 whom some aged members are still living who are full of 
 reminiscences of their remarkable experiences in early 
 life in connection with the beginning of Mormonism. 
 
 The Methodists at Kirtland now use what was the 
 Theological Seminary of the Mormons for their church, 
 and the residences of Eigdon and Smith are well pre- 
 served and are close to the quaint edifice described, for 
 which the Prophet said he had a special revelation as 
 to plan and architecture.* 
 
 * Several Mormons now resident in Utah T.'ho remember the dedi- 
 cation of the Temple at Kirtland, declare that angels were seen in 
 the auditorium, and that a babe two months old cried out : " Glory 
 Hallelujah!" 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Interview with D. P. Hurlburt at Gibonburg, Ohio, and with E. D. 
 Howe, at Painesville, Ohio, in 1880. 
 
 In tlie year 1878 Mrs. McKinstry gave a gentleman 
 residing in Utah, wlio is gathering material for an elabo- 
 rate history of Mormonisin, permission to question Dr. 
 Hurlburt concerning the Spaulding manuscript. He 
 made no response, although there was abundant evidence 
 that lie received the request. It is also known that he 
 received other requests of the same character, which he 
 has never acknowledged. 
 
 In 1834: Mrs. Davison heard that Hurlburt sold 
 the manuscript to the Mormons for a sum of money, 
 which he used in purchasing the farm near Gibsonburg, 
 Ohio (about twelve miles from Fremont), where he now 
 resides, and that the Mormons burned the manuscript at 
 Conneaut. A second report was to the effect that Hurl- 
 burt sold it with the sworn agreement that it should not 
 be given to the world until after his death. There are 
 circumstances which support both theories ; but the au- 
 thor's opinion, after a careful study of the matter, is, that 
 Hurlburt made a copy of the original manuscript, which 
 he sold to E. D. Howe, of Painesville, to use in writing 
 the book " Mormonism Unveiled," and sold the original 
 to the Mormons, who destroyed it. The life of Hurl- 
 burt since his return from his errand of duplicity to 
 Munson shows conclusively that he wishes to hide himself 
 from the world, and that he is burdened with a secret 
 which he does not intend shall come to light through any 
 act or revelation of his own. 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOEMOKISM. 63 
 
 THE INTEKYIEW WITH DE. HTTELBURT. 
 
 In August of 1880 the author had an article published 
 in Scribner's Magazine on the " Book of Mormon," and 
 in the November following visited Dr. Hurlburt at his 
 home, near Gibsonburg, Ohio, in company with Oscar 
 Kellogg, Esq. , of Norwalk, a well-known lawyer of the 
 vicinity. (Appendix, see Mr. Xellogg's letter, No. 7.) 
 From notes written immediately after this visit, while 
 staying in Mr. Kellogg's house, and while every detail and 
 circumstance was fresh in the writer's mind, a description 
 of the interview with Hurlburt will be here given. 
 
 In advance, it must be stated that Hurlburt had not 
 the remotest anticipation of this visit, and that it was an 
 entire surprise to him and his family. It was on No- 
 vember 13th, 1880, a cold, cheerless day, that Mr. Kel- 
 logg and . myself made the journey from Fremont to 
 Gibsonburg. A more forlorn country and worse roads 
 it would be difficult to find in any portion of the United 
 States ; indeed, save for the telegraph wires and a line 
 of railway that passes through Gibsonburg, one could 
 imagine one's self at the antipodes, while traversing 
 the melancholy twelve miles between Fremont and Dr. 
 Hurlburt's house, which is a mile from the railway 
 station at Gibsonburg. 
 
 Driving up to the front of a small white-painted 
 cottage some distance from the road, we alighted without 
 attracting attention. It was noon-time, and, stepping on 
 the piazza, we heard within sounds that gave evidence 
 of the midday meal and conversation. Eapping at 
 the door, it was opened by an old woman, who had just 
 risen from a table, where sat an old man, a young girl, 
 and a young man, who were still engaged in eating. 
 Advancing into the room, after excuses for so intruding, 
 
64 IfEW LIGHT OS ilitOEMONISM. 
 
 I asked the old man, who, with the others, now rose from 
 the table : 
 
 " Is this Dr. D. P. Ilurlbnrt ?" 
 
 " Tes," he replied. 
 
 1 gave him a letter, saying that it was from the Hon. 
 John Kice, of Fremont ; and as he seemed very much 
 agitated, I inquired : 
 
 " Shall I read it to you ?" 
 
 " Tes," he again replied. 
 
 The letter mentioned the writer as seeking information 
 regarding Mormonism. In short, it was a letter introduc- 
 ing Mr. Kellogg and myself, written by Dr. Hurlbnrt's 
 physician. Dr. liice, who had said to me tliat Hurlburt 
 was in a precarious condition of health, and whatever 
 I had to ask of him had better not be delayed, and that 
 I had better see him at once. 
 
 Dr. D. P. Hurlburt died in 1882, two years after the 
 interview described. 
 
 By the time 1 began the letter we were all' seated, 
 save Hurlburt, who remained standing ; and when I had 
 finished reading he was shaking violently, as with palsy, 
 and very greatly agitated. 1 was struck with his appear- 
 ance. He was still a very handsome old man, even in 
 his shabby clothing and amid his plain and homely sur- 
 roundings, having a fine, ruddy complexion, expressive 
 eyes, long, abundant gray hair, and a figure of excelleBt 
 proportions. He looked at us both curiously, then with 
 difficulty burst out : 
 
 " I don't know what has made folks so curious about 
 Mormonism lately. I think it is an article in a magazine 
 published last summer. Why, I haven't heard anything 
 about the Mormons in forty years till now ; and there's 
 a man named Craig, in Alleghany City, and one named 
 Cobb, in Salt Lake City (above alluded to), and another 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 65 
 
 named Patterson, in Pittsburg, all writing to me about a 
 manuscript they say 1 got from Mrs. Davison, at Mun- 
 son, Mass., in 183i ; I have not answered one of these 
 folks." 
 
 " Well, Mr. Ilurlburt, did you get the manuscript 
 from Mrs. Davison ?" I asked. 
 
 " Tes," he replied, shaking still more violently — 
 " yes, i got one she gave me an order for." 
 
 " Mr. Hurlburt" (for I dropped the Dr.), I remark- 
 ed, getting up, and looking him steadily in the eye, 
 " I am the person who wrote the magazine article you 
 have just mentioned, the great-niece of Solomon Spauld- 
 ing and the granddaughter of William 11. Sabine, who 
 gave the order for ' The Manuscript Found,' which you 
 presented to Mrs. Davison at Munson, Mass., in 1834." 
 
 He started, appeared to be alarmed, trembled exces- 
 sively, and after a little gasped out in a faint voice : 
 
 " Is that so ?" 
 
 Mrs. Ilurlburt, a sweet-faced, sad-eyed old woman, 
 who had admitted Mr. Kellogg and myself, came close 
 to me, and, gently stretching oat her hand toward me, 
 said : 
 
 " Well, we will tell you what we know ; we are will- 
 ing to tell you. " 
 
 " I hope you will," I replied, " as 1 have come from 
 New York on purpose to see you on this subject, and if 
 there is any one who ought to have the truth concerning 
 ' The Manuscript Found,' it is our family." 
 
 Then I turned to Ilurlburt, and asked : 
 
 " Are you the Hurlburt who visited Mrs. Davison, my 
 great-aunt, in 1834 ?" 
 
 " Tes," he replied. 
 
 " Did you get ' The Manuscript Found ' at her order 
 in Hartwick, 'N. Y., from Jerome Clark ?" 
 
66 STEW LIGHT OS MORMOIsriSM. 
 
 " Yes ; I got what they said was Spaulding's manu- 
 script." 
 
 " For what purpose ?" 
 
 " I was sent there by a man named E. D. Howe, of 
 Painesville, Ohio. He wrote a book called ' Mormonism 
 Unveiled,' and he wanted to compare the Spaulding 
 manuscript with the ' Book of Mormon.' " 
 
 " Did he think Mrs. Davison had the original manu- 
 script ?" 
 
 " Yes, he thought so." 
 
 " Did you give him the manuscript you got at Hart- 
 wick ?" 
 
 "Yes, I did." 
 
 Here Mrs. Hurlburt, who listened intently to this 
 talk, went to a bureau and found a letter, which she 
 handed to me, Hurlburt helping her to do so, I closely 
 watched and listened to see if there was anything said 
 between them. Their heads and hands were in close 
 proximity as they bent over the drawer ; and although I 
 could hear nothing distinctly, I believe and always shall 
 believe that he conveyed instructions to his wife as to her 
 further conduct in the matter. 
 
 The letter was from E. D. Howe, of Painesville, tlie 
 aged author of the book " Mormonism Unveiled." Its 
 purport was that he had seen the magazine article alluded 
 to, and after a criticism on the statements made in it, 
 he told Hurlburt that the manuscript which he (Hurl- 
 burt) had given to him, in 1834, was barned, with other 
 of his papers, in his office, etc. 
 
 After reading it I again looked significantly at both 
 M.r. and Mrs. Hurlburt, and asked : 
 
 " Do yon believe the manuscript was burned ?" 
 
 " "Well, he says it was," Hurlburt replied, greatly dis- 
 turbed. 
 
KEW LIGHT OK MORMON-ISM. 67 
 
 " Was it Spaulding's mannseript that was burned ?" 
 
 Hurlburt waited a moment before answering, his wife 
 loolfing at him with a pleading, sad expression of coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 " Mrs. Davison thought it was ; but when 1 just 
 peeped into it here and there, and saw the names Mor- 
 mon, Maroni, Lamenite, JSfephi, 1 thought it was all 
 nonsense ; why, if it had been the real one, I could have 
 sold it for $3000 ; but I just gave it to Howe because it 
 was of no account." 
 
 " Had you any right to do so ? You borrowed it, 
 solemnly promising to return it to Mrs. Davison." 
 
 He grew still more disturbed, and replied : 
 
 " "Well, I forgot most all about it." 
 
 " Did you intend to return it ?" 1 asked, very slowly. 
 Instead of answering, he told his wife to bring him 
 another letter from the bureau, a kind of statement which 
 he had made to send to Mr. Patterson, of Pittsburg, but 
 would give to me. After reading it, I remarked : 
 
 " Then you know the history of the Spaulding manu- 
 script ?" 
 
 " Oh, yes, all about it !" 
 
 " Were you a Mormon ?" 
 
 " Ko," he quickly answered. 
 
 " Yes, you were," interposed his wife. 
 
 " Well, I suppose 1 was about a year," said Hurlburt, 
 reluctantly. 
 
 " Were you at Conneaut in 1834, at the time the 
 Mormons met there and had their meeting ?" 
 
 "Why, certainly," he replied; "the Mormons sent 
 me to get the manuscript from Mrs. Davison. " 
 
 " I thought you said Howe sent you." 
 
 " Well, when 1 found the manuscript amounted to 
 nothing, 1 gave it to Howe, " he replied, looking guilty. 
 
68 NEW LIGHT oiT mormonism:. 
 
 Mr. Kellogg, who had been observing everything in 
 our conversation, but letting me (as we had agreed before 
 entering the house) do the talking, here said : 
 
 " Mr. Hurlburt, this lady has come a great distance to 
 see you, and you ought to tell her what she desires to 
 learn." 
 
 " You're a lawyer, I guess," remarked the old man, 
 eying Mr. Kellogg. 
 
 " Yes, from JS^orwalk ; my name is Oscar Kellogg, 
 and 1 think you were once on the jury in a case I tried." 
 
 " Well, I thought I had seen you when you came in ; 
 is this lady a relative of yours ?' ' 
 
 " Yes, my wife's cousin ; she is staying with us." 
 
 " And you came over here from Norwalk with her 
 to see me ?" 
 
 " Yes, I came to help her, if she needs my assistance." 
 
 "Mr. Hurlburt," I resumed, " do you know where 
 * The Manuscript Found ' is at the present time ?" 
 
 The old lady went close to Hurlburt, touched his shak- 
 ing arms, looked up in his face, and said : 
 
 " Tell her what you know." 
 
 His face became perfectly scarlet, and his trembling 
 increased. He turned (for during this entire interview 
 he stood up, a most pitiable object in his infirmity, as he 
 became more and more agitated, in the evidently fierce 
 conflict he was going through not to betray himself or to 
 allow his wife to unburden her heart of her knowledge), 
 and looked at both Mr. Kellogg and myself, and almost 
 screamed : 
 
 " Why, you must be crazy to ask such a question. 
 Did I not say I gave it to E. D. Howe, and he says in 
 the letter you read from him it was burned up in his 
 printing house. Why, lady, if 1 knew where it was, I 
 would give $1000 and my farm besides for it." 
 
KEW LIGHT OTS MORMOIJISM. 69 
 
 (( ' 
 
 You know," I laughingly said, "the report is j'ou 
 were paid $300 by the Mormons for the manuscript, 
 and with that money bought this farm." 
 
 He smiled for the first time, and replied : 
 
 " Why, the Mormons hated me ; they threatened me. 
 I had a fight with Joe Smith, and had to have him 
 bound to keep the peace with me." 
 
 " "Why did they hate you ?" 
 
 " Well, it was something about that book, ' Mormon- 
 ism Unveiled.' " 
 
 ".Mr. I-Iurlburt, you retain your memory perfectly ?" 
 
 " Yes, I'm right up here" (pointing to his head), 
 " but this trembling goes to my heart. I shall go pretty 
 soon." 
 
 He brought me a picture of himself, taken ten years 
 ago. 
 
 " Please let me have it," I said, holding it in my 
 hand, hoping to bring it away with me for further use. 
 
 " No ; I'll have it copied for you," he answered, 
 evidently divining my meaning. 
 
 " You know," I continued, " you are and will be re- 
 membered ; your part in tliis Spaulding matter makes 
 you known. You cannot help it, and the world may 
 desire to see how you look. ' ' 
 
 He had grown calmer, but this speech of mine, by 
 which, with a little flattery, 1 had hoped to gain my 
 object, seemed to agitate him again greatly, and he 
 said : 
 
 " No, I don't care to be known at all ; I will write to 
 you, and help you to get facts about Mormonism ; but 
 I don't want to be talked about." 
 
 Making one more effort to get at the truth, I said, 
 very earnestly : 
 
 " Oh, Mr. Hurlburt, it all lies in a nutshell, and you 
 
70 NEW IIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 
 
 can crack it. Do you think Solomon Spaulding wrote 
 the storj' from which the Mormons made their book ?" 
 
 " Yes ; and no question about it." 
 
 " "Well, then, where is the manuscript ?" 
 
 " 1 think it was copied by Rigdon, and he kept the 
 original, and Mrs. Davison had the copy." 
 
 " But Mrs. McKinstry has sworn that her mother had 
 what her father knew to be the original ; and if the exact 
 copy, it would have answered Howe's purpose." 
 
 Hulburt seemed nonplussed ; he remained quiet, as if 
 entirely unable or unwilling to continue the argument, 
 and his wife, who was constantly watching him, said, 
 with a meaning look at him : 
 
 " Why, don't you see the one he got from Mrs. 
 Davison wa'n't no good ?" 
 
 " "Why did he not return it, then?" 
 
 " "Well, Howe said he would ; but then it got burned 
 up." 
 
 As a final experiment, I said : 
 
 " There is a man in Illinois who is said to have the 
 original manuscript, and that you, Mr. Hurlburt, sold it 
 to him with the promise he would not use it m your 
 lifetime.'''' 
 
 The old man again screamed : 
 
 " 'Tain't so ; it is not the original one.' ' 
 
 Then, seeming to see that he had somewhat betrayed 
 himself, he turned to Mr. Kellogg with : 
 
 " You said you knew this lady." 
 
 "Yes," replied Mr. Kellogg, "she is just who she 
 represents herself to be. " * 
 
 " "Well," said Hurlburt, turning in a sort of a defiant 
 way to me, " if I talk all day I can't tell you any more ; 
 but I'll write to you." 
 
 The interview was over evidently. Both Mr. and 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 71 
 
 Mrs. Hurlburt asked us to have dinner, and the old 
 lady urged us again and again to stay over night, " to 
 talk it over by and by." I have since deeply regretted 
 that we did not do so, as it has occurred to me that she 
 intended in some way to give me information, which she 
 dared not give in the presence of her husband ; but the 
 old distrust of Hurlburt which Mrs. Davison had was so 
 strong within me, that even with Mr. Kellogg's protec- 
 tion, and willingness to remain, 1 could not persuade 
 myself to do so. 
 
 We two women stood a little apart, and she said : 
 
 " I'll write to you ; give me your address ; I'll tell 
 you what / know. " 
 
 After thanking her, I asked if she was Hurlburt's only 
 wife wlien he was a Moi'mon. A httle flush came into 
 her pale cheeks, and she replied : 
 
 " "Well, he wa'n't a Mormon long ; and I was his first 
 wife." 
 
 We had no further chance for private words ; and, as 
 Mr. Kellogg and I agreed after we left the house, Hurl- 
 burt assumed a triumphant expression as we bade them 
 good- day. We further agreed, in the impression that 
 certainly they had well feigned a part they were so unex- 
 pectedly called upon to act ; and that beyond a shadow 
 of doubt Hurlburt, after getting the genuine Spaulding 
 romance at Munson, destroyed it or saw it destroyed by 
 the Mormons at Conneaut, in 1834, after his being paid 
 for his share of this transaction. 
 
 I may add that it has been told me that the general 
 impression at the time of this sale and afterward, which 
 prevailed in the minds of those most familiar with the 
 subject in Ohio, was that Hurlburt became a Mormon 
 with the intention of making money, and that his mis- 
 sion to Munson was the culmination of his projects in 
 
73 NEW LIGHT ON moemonism:. 
 
 that direction. Hurlburt sent me the statement he prom- 
 ised. (No. 8, in the Appendix.) 
 
 The reader will see it contradicts several of his verbal 
 statements made in his own house, and it amounts, in fact, 
 to nothing, being a studied and deliberate affair with 
 which he hoped to satisfy me and other inquirers on the 
 same subject. 
 
 INTEEVIKW WITH E. D. HOWE. 
 
 After visiting Hurlburt, the author saw E. D. Howe, 
 at Paineswille, Ohio. He admitted writing the letter 
 shown by Hurlburt, and said that a manuscript was given 
 to him by Hurlburt, in 1834, which " had no connection 
 with Mor monism.'''' 
 
 He agreed to give Hurlburt five hundred copies of his 
 book (" Mormonism Unveiled"), which agreement he 
 kept, and that was the last he ever saw of him. 
 
 The manuscript he received from Hurlburt he said was 
 " lying around" his printing-office for twenty years ; 
 he " considered it of no account, and did not know what 
 became of it. " 
 
 I asked if he did not agree to return it to Mrs. 
 Davison, to which he replied : 
 
 " Perhaps I did ; but it wa'n't of no account, so I did 
 not think of it." 
 
 " You used it in your ' Mormonism Unveiled ' ?" 
 
 " Well, yes ; there it was of some use." 
 
 I then told him what Hurlburt had said of Howe's 
 connection with the matter. 
 
 He grew very red in the face, and remarked : 
 
 " Well, Hurlburt is not to be relied on." 
 
 I apked if he would make a sworn statement that the 
 words " Mormon, Maroni, Nephi, and Lamenite" were 
 
NEW LIGHT OIT MOEMONISM. 73 
 
 not in the mamiscript which Hurlburt gave him by 
 agreement. 
 
 " No, 1 will not swear to it ; but I'll answer ques- 
 tions, and my word is as good as Harlburt's any day." 
 
 " Tou ought, for your own sake, to make a statement 
 to answer him." 
 
 He made an odd reply. 
 
 " Hui'lburt was always an unreliable fellow ; he went 
 lecturing in this neighborhood." 
 
 " Mr. Howe, did you send Hurlburt to get ' The 
 Manuscript Found ' ?" 
 
 " Yes, I did, and the idea was proposed to me by 
 him. ' ' 
 
 " Do you think the manuscript was burned in your 
 office ?" 
 
 " I don't know ; it got lost," he replied. 
 
 " The whole matter, then, is between you and Hurl- 
 burt. Is there a possibility that the original Spaulding 
 manuscript will yet come to light ?" 
 
 " No, I don't think so," he replied, earnestly ; " the 
 Mormons had too much at stake to let it exist." 
 
 " Then you think Hurlburt destroyed it ?" 
 
 " I believe he had two manuscripts — the original one 
 and another — the one he gave me, which had no re- 
 semblance to the ' Book of Mormon.'" 
 
 " Do you think Spaulding wrote a story from which 
 Rigdon and Smith made the ' Book of Mormon ' V ' 
 
 " Certainly I do,^' emphasizing the words. 
 
 He then told me a little of Kigdon's life, which I will 
 hereafter use. Mr. Howe is very old — nearly ninety- 
 hut certainly of sound mind and memory ; and although 
 he was seemingly agitated during our conversation, he 
 was not more so than such an unexpected visit would 
 naturally occasion any one to be under the same cir- 
 
74 NEW LIGHT OS MOEMONISM. 
 
 cumstanees ; aud he carefully considered his answers 
 before making them. An unmistakable expression of 
 relief settled upon his countenance as the interview 
 closed. 
 
 Upon making an inquiry in Painesville as to the char- 
 acter of the author of " Mormonism Unveiled," nothing 
 of a very satisfactory nature was elicited from several 
 highly respected citizens of the town. At best it was to 
 the effect that Mr. Howe had always had the reputation 
 of being a sharp-witted, shrewd man, and that his dechn- 
 ing years had not robbed him of his predominating 
 quahties. 
 
 A clergyman of Painesville, in speaking of the traces that Mormon- 
 ism had left in that vicinity, remarked that " time alone would oblit- 
 erate the demoralization that had followed in the wake of the Saints ; 
 that whole families were sceptics in religious faith who had been 
 church members before their conversion to the doctrines advocated 
 BO eloquently by Sidney Bigdon and other Mormon preachers, and 
 who had later apostatized. " 
 
 A very remarkable circumstance occurred to the 
 writer on the day following the interview with E. D. 
 Howe, at his residence in Painesville. At midday, on 
 reaching the railway station with the intention of pro- 
 ceeding to Conneaut, Ohio, that afternoon, 1 person- 
 ally attended to checking the one large trunk I had 
 with me at the time. It was an odd trunk as to its 
 outward appearance, and had my initials distinctly 
 printed on either end. As it was a way train, I settled 
 myself as comfortably as possible by a window, and 
 was reading until we reached the next station — in fact, 
 until the train was just moving on ; then, by chance look- 
 ing up, I was amazed to see my trunk being wheeled 
 away on a truck across the platform. The conductor 
 was standing at the door on the platform of the car. I 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 75 
 
 ran to him and shouted, " That is my trunk being taken 
 away : do stop the train and get it again !" 
 
 " Tour trunk !'' he repHed ; "no, it cannot be. You 
 ladies always fancy your luggage is lost, or carried away, 
 or something." 
 
 " But don't you see it is not like other trunks, and my 
 initials, E. E. D. , are on it ? I beg you at least to stop 
 the train, and let me get off. ' ' I screamed at him, greatly 
 excited at my helplessness and the situation. 
 
 But the train moved on, and the conductor, with a de- 
 risive smile, said : " Now, to convince you of your mis- 
 take, let me take your cheek, and I'll soon return with 
 the baggage-master to prove your trunk is still in his 
 care." 
 
 I gave him the check, knowing how futile his errand 
 was. After some twenty minutes or more, he came back 
 with another man, whom he said was the baggage-master, 
 and between them they admitted that my trunk had been 
 taken from the train ; there had been some unusual care- 
 lessness, but it would be all right ; the conductor would 
 send a telegram from the next station to have it sent on. 
 Both men seemed annoyed and confused. 
 
 " When will my trunk reach me ?" I asked. 
 
 " WeJl," said the conductor, "the truth is, I've got 
 to first telegraph to Cleveland, to the office of the com- 
 pany, and then an order will be sent along the line until 
 it is found, and at best you cannot get it before ten o'clock 
 to-night." 
 
 This was not very reassuring. At the second station 
 beyond he came in, showing me a telegram from the 
 station where the trunk was taken from the train. It 
 read to the effect that such a trunk was there, and would 
 be detained until the order arrived to forward it to Con- 
 neaut. Arriving at the residence of Mr. Henry Lake, 
 
76 NEW LIGHT ON" MOEMONISM.- 
 
 iu Conneaut, and telling the family of the occurrence, 
 they considered it verj' unusual — in fact, had never heard 
 of anything like it before. Both Mr. and Mrs. Lake 
 went to the station with me at ten o'clock, and the trunk 
 was taken from the train on its arrival at that hour. My 
 friends insisted that both the station-master and bag- 
 gage-master of the train should be with me when open- 
 ing the trunk, to see if its contents had been disturbed. 
 The lock, a good sound one, I found had been forced 
 open, the heavy straps alone holding it together. At a 
 glance, on lifting the cover, it was evident that every- 
 thing in the trunk had been turned over, just as though 
 its contents had been pulled out and thrown in again by 
 hasty and inexperienced hands. A later investigation 
 the same night proved that not one single item had been 
 stolen, although there were valuable articles of various 
 descriptions in the- trunk. My papers connected with 
 the interview with Ilurlburt, Howe, and General Gar- 
 field — in fact, all tJie notes tahen in this trip on the sub- 
 ject of Mormonism, were in my hand-satchel, and had 
 heen ca/refully guarded. On writing to an official con- 
 nected with the Lake Shore Eailroad, relating all the 
 facts of the case, his reply was to the eilect that so long 
 as nothing had been stolen from the trunk, it was proof 
 conclusi fe. that the breakage of the lock and its detention 
 at the way station were merely accidental. He regretted 
 the circumstance, but was of the opinion that there was 
 no legal redress for it. 
 
CHAPTER yi. 
 
 I Visit to Conneaut, Ohio, in 1880 — Eeminisoences of Eev. Spaulding 
 and the First Mormon Conference, in 1834. 
 
 In connection with the visit at Mentor and Paines- 
 ville, after the interview with Hurlburt at Gibsonbnrg, 
 the author stopped at Conneaut, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, 
 where the Eev. S. Spanlding resided, in 1812, and wrote 
 the story which was made the foundation of the Mormon 
 fraud. Some description of the town as it looks to- 
 day may be interesting to the reader. 
 
 Conneaut is also interesting in its connection with the 
 first great conference of Mormons, in the year 1834, 
 when Hurlburt was sent to procure " The Manuscript 
 Found" from Mrs. Davison, at Mimson, Mass., "to 
 compare it with the ' Book of Mormon.' " 
 
 The village of Conneaut is a mils from Conneaut Sta- 
 tion, on the Lake Shore Kailroad. It is the county-seat, 
 and in its thrift and general appearance greatly resembles 
 a New England town of the best type. At the eastern 
 side of the village is the broad ravine through which the 
 Conneaut River, or Creek, flows down to Lake Erie, 
 which is picturesque and beautiful. 
 
 One of the most attractive dwellings in the place is 
 that of Mr. Hiram Lake, son of Henry Lake, a partner 
 of Solomon and John Spaulding in 1812. 
 
 An evening at Mr. Lake's residence was spent in hear- 
 ing his reminiscences of certain circumstances in connec- 
 tion with the Spauldings — many facts which his father 
 bad related to him of the writings of Mr. Spaulding — and 
 
78 KEW LIGHT ON MOKMOITISM. 
 
 particularly how the neighbors gathered to hear him read 
 the novel called " The Manuscript Found," and how the 
 talk of the hour dwelt on the discoveries made by the 
 workmen employed to open the earth-mounds close to 
 Mr. Spaulding's house. The very spot where this house 
 once stood is pointed out — a log cabin, containing some 
 relics of New England comforts, and the best dwelling 
 in the vicinity at the time. 
 
 Its owner, it is said, was the most noted and probably 
 the best educated man in that part of the State. There 
 is no trace of this primitive homestead now, or of the 
 earth-mound close to it ; but there are many people liv- 
 ing in Conneaut who remember both. 
 
 Just below this locality, and close to the creek, was the 
 foundry of the Spaulding brothers and Mr. Henry Lake, 
 which was so prosperous until the war of 1812 made its 
 proprietors bankrupt. 
 
 There were formerly a number of earth-mounds in 
 the vicinity of Conneaut, all of which have been levelled 
 with the surrounding fields ; but numerous evidences of 
 their existence and locality are pointed out at the pres- 
 ent time. A few months since some prehistoric relics 
 were unearthed by a ploughman in a corn-field where it 
 is known that an earth-mound had existed, and many 
 persons in and near the village possess pottery, imple- 
 ments of iron, carved beads, or ornaments of personal 
 adornment, that have been exhumed in turning up the 
 soil for agricultural purposes. 
 
 Traditions and personal remembrances are numerous 
 among the elder residents of Conneaut of the great Mor- 
 mon Conference held in that place in 1834. Some 
 traveller, it is said, in that year brought a copy of the 
 " Book of Mormon" to Conneaut soon after it was pub- 
 lished, but it does not seem to have created much gossip 
 
STEW LIGHT ON MOBJIOISriSM:. 79 
 
 among the townspeople, until a woman preacher, who 
 had been recently converted to Mormonism, appointed a 
 public meeting, and in her talk made copious extracts 
 from it, which were immediately recognized by many 
 persons present, particularly by John Spaulding (see Ap- 
 pendix, No. 13), who was " amazed and afHicted that his 
 brother's writings should have been perverted for such a 
 ■wicked purpose." 
 
 His grief found vent in a flood of tears, and he arose 
 on the spot and expressed his regretful sentiments. 
 Both Mr. Hiram Lake and Mr. Lorin Gould, whose 
 statements (see Appendix, No. 14) will be found else- 
 where, told the author they remembered this occasion, 
 and some incidents in connection with it. 
 
 They also said that at the time of this Mormon meet- 
 ing there was the wildest possible excitement all through 
 that part of the State in regard to the " new faith," as 
 it was called. 
 
 It was as a result of these meetings that D. P. Hurl- 
 burt, who had resided in or near Conneaut, and vs^hose 
 reputation was not the best for veracity or honesty, and 
 who at the time had joined the Mormons with his wife 
 (the sweet-faced woman the writer saw at Gibsonburg), 
 offered or was selected to visit Mrs. Davison at Munson, 
 Mass., and to request a loan of the Spaulding " Manu- 
 script Found," as it was reported, to compare it with the 
 "Book of Mormon." 
 
 It is remembered at Conneaut that he returned with a 
 manuscript, or that was so reported. This is presumably 
 the manuscript which E. D. Howe says was lying in his 
 office, at Painesville for years, and which the Mormons 
 pretend was compared with " the Golden Bible of 
 .Joseph, " at a public meeting the Mormons called for the 
 
80 KEW LIGHT Oir MORMONISM. 
 
 purpose, and found to be entirely wanting in the essen- 
 tials claimed for it. 
 
 It was beyond question, from very strong circumstan- 
 tial evidence, the manufactwred manuscript prepared by 
 Huriburt or his confederates for the occasion. A daugh- 
 ter of Mr. John Spaulding, still living near Conneaut, 
 in a letter to the vi^riter (see Appendix, No. 15) of a re- 
 cent date, substantiates all that Mr. Lake and Mr. Gould 
 stated at the former gentleman's house. 
 
 Of the odd stories told at Conneaut, in 1834, in con- 
 nection with Solomon Spaulding, was one to the effect 
 that he told his neighbors at the time he entertained 
 them with his romance, that his ^^ Manuscript Found'' 
 was a i/ranslation of the '■''Booh of Mormon,'''' and he in- 
 tended to publish a fictitious account of its having been 
 discovered in a " cave in Ohio" as an advertisement, to 
 advance its sale, when his book ^vas printed. 
 
 The remarkable features of the Mormon meeting at 
 Conneaut, in 1834, and the conflicts of opinion between 
 the converts to the new doctrines there promulgated, and 
 the affirmations of the old neighbors and relatives of 
 Solomon Spaulding, led to the venture of E. D. Howe 
 in writing the book. called " Mormonism. Unveiled." 
 
 There is a tradition that Mr. Howe was himself lialf a 
 Mormon when he wrote this volume, and it is believed 
 that his motive in writing it was not a desire to expose 
 an imposture, but to make money. 
 
 Another outcome of this meeting at Conneaut, in 1834, 
 was the wild enthusiasm of the people, who travelled 
 from great distances to see the "new prophet," and 
 from it " elders," or preachers, were sent out to those 
 who could not attend. 
 
 Stories were circulated at the time that even in the. 
 then remote New England States and in the British 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MOEMON'ISM. 81 
 
 provinces families were placing their all in wagons — the 
 common method of travelling at that date — -and hastening 
 to join the ranks of the " Saints." 
 
 How long the Mormons tarried at Conneaut it is now 
 impossible to state. It must have been some weeks, 
 however, as in the interval liurlbnrt visited Mnnson, 
 Mass., and other matters of importance in their history- 
 eventuated at this period of their career. 
 
CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 The Mormons in Missouri. 
 
 "When Joe Smith found that he could not he a prophet 
 of repute in the State of New York, and after he and 
 Sidney Kigdon had witnessed the favor with which their 
 scheme was received in Ohio, they followed Oliver Cow- 
 drey, whom they had sent on in advance to the State of 
 Missouri to look for a fitting locality for tlie New Jeru- 
 salem, and, as they professed, to evangelize the Indians 
 and Gentiles generally. 
 
 Cowdrey's report of Jackson Co., Mo., was so favor- 
 able that these two founders of " a religious eiripire" 
 directed their steps thither, under the most discouraging 
 difficulties of travel, making a portion of the distance of 
 over three hundred miles on foot. On their arrival at 
 Independence they were so enamored of the country that 
 they at once selected it as the place for the New Zion ; 
 and, to silence all cavil among his followers, Smith had a 
 " revelation," in the form of a document, which is among 
 the most extraordinary performances of this remarkable 
 man, as this was early in the history of Mormonism, and 
 long before persecutions and dangers had sharpened his 
 faculties by a ripe experience. It commences: "Hearken, 
 oh ye elders of my Church, saith the Lord, your God, 
 who have assembled yourselves together, according to my 
 commandments, in this land which 1 have appointed and 
 consecrated for the gathering of the Saints. Behold the 
 place which is called Independence is the centre place, 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOITISM. 83 
 
 and a spot for the Temj)le is lying westward, upon a lot 
 which is not far from the Court House ; wherefore, it is 
 wisdom that the land should be purchased by the Saints, 
 and also every track lying westward, even unto the line 
 running directly between Jew and Gentile." 
 
 All the ceremony it was possible to secure under the 
 circumstances was given to the occasion. The particular 
 spot chosen as a site for the Temple was named '^Adarn- 
 mon diamor,^' signifying the " patriarchal blessing." 
 
 Here Smith said tlie Latter-Day Saints would finally 
 gather, Christ would appear in person, and the Mormons 
 would reign a glorious and triumphant people for a thou- 
 sand years.* With a business-like purpose worthy of the 
 Prophet's most illustrious pupil, Brigham Young, Smith 
 expressed his wishes, appointed a storekeeper and other 
 factotums, including Oliver Cowdrey as assistant editor 
 of a newspaper which was estabhshed at Independence, 
 called the Morning and Evening Sta/r. Elder TV. 
 Phelps, a man who wrote Smith's political papers and 
 distorted several languages to make " ototo good " out of 
 the word " Mormon," was appointed editor-in-chief. 
 
 After the " consecration" and these business matters 
 were arranged, the Prophet and Rigdon returned to 
 Kirtland, in order, as they said, ' ' to remain five years 
 and make money." 
 
 Meanwhile during these five years the Mormons in- 
 creased very rapidly in Missouri, settlements being made 
 in Clay, Eay, Jackson and Caldwell counties ; and with 
 their habitual industry and thrift they made homes of 
 eomfe)rt, and rapidly gained wealth. 
 
 The Kirtland troubles, long threatened, culminated in 
 
 * Venerable Mormons in Ufcali have recently been heard to give 
 it as their opinion that they, with other Saints, would return to Zion, 
 Independence, Mo., for the final glorification o£ the chosen ones. 
 
84 NEW LIGHT ON- MOBMONISM. 
 
 1838, wlien Smith and Rigdon again made a journey to 
 Missouri, pursued at first by creditors and afterward 
 guided by a " revelation." 
 
 It was on this particular westward march that the 
 Prophet first organized a military command and a body- 
 guard and began to assume the prerogatives of his high 
 military, as well as spiritual, mission. He had two hun- 
 dred disciplined men-at-arms after he reached the State 
 line of Missouri secretly, his "guard," a fearful band 
 which had been organized as " destroying angels," or 
 "Danites," whose lawless conduct later on precipitated 
 the tragic scenes that were followed by the expulsion of 
 the Mormons from the State. These " Danites" were 
 sworn " to pilt out of sight" all persons obnoxious to the 
 " Saints ;" and even before the Prophet arrived from 
 Kirtland many peaceable residents mysteriously disap- 
 peared — "slipped their breath," to use a favorite ex- 
 pression of the band. 
 
 From the year 1833 the Mormons had been in trouble 
 in Missouri. AVhile their general cause had advanced, 
 they were correspondingly hated by their neighbors. 
 They were accused of every sort of evil and of secret 
 crime, and yet were admitted to be industrious. 
 
 Such was the situation when the Prophet came to rule 
 over his followers in new scenes and under new auspices. 
 A letter was written a short time before his arrival by a 
 man of great natural intelligence, Mr. Ezra Booth, early 
 a local Methodist preacher in Ohio, who was a victim to 
 the Mormon imposture in Missouri. 
 
 In a letter to the Eev. Ira Eddy, in which he gives au 
 account of the painful experiences which revealed its in- 
 iquities to him, he says : " When I embraced Mormon- 
 ism I sincerely belie^^ed it to be of God. Like a ghost 
 it haunted me day and night, until I was mysteriously 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 85 
 
 hurried, as it were, by a kind of necessity, into the 
 Tortex of dehision. At times I was much elated, but 
 generally things in prospect were the greatest stimulus to 
 action. On our arrival in Missouri we discovered that 
 prophecy and vision had failed, or rather proved false. 
 Mr. Kigdon himself said that ' Joseph's vision was a bad 
 thing.' I do not regret that I made the journey, though 
 I regret the cause of it. Since my return (to Kirtland) 
 1 have had several interviews with Smith, Rigdon and 
 Cowdrey, and the various shifts and turns to which they 
 have resorted in order to obviate objections and difficul- 
 ties proved to my mind additional evidence that Mor- 
 monism was nothing else than a deeply-laid plan of craft 
 and deception. " 
 
 Soon after the Prophet's arrival at Independence (and 
 he was known generally to have become wealthy, and a 
 greater braggart than ever) dark clouds loomed over the 
 horizon of the Mormons. The causes contributing to 
 their expulsion from the State were numerous. The 
 most terrible rumors were afloat respecting the secret 
 deeds of the Danites, and they had acquired so much 
 property that the Missourians resolved that they should 
 have what was termed " the rule of the counties," 
 through their numbers and property. 
 
 The Mormons were wont to boast of their political 
 ascendancy, and the dislike which was felt toward them 
 from the first deepened into an intense hatred. Rigdon 
 is said to have still further estranged the " Gentiles" 
 from the Saints by his talk and overt acts at this time, 
 and soon after his arrival charged both Cowdrey and 
 David Whitmer with being connected with some traitors 
 to Mormonism, in counterfeiting, horse-stealing, and vil- 
 lainies of the worst description ; and concluded an edito- 
 rial in the Morning and Evening Star against them with 
 
86 KEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 tliis sentence : " Are tliey not murderers at heart to stir 
 up the Missourians against us by their slanders ?' ' 
 
 Smith's power after he was driven out of .Ohio seemed 
 for awhile to decline ; but the new persecutions in the 
 "West came to his aid, and cemented the union of those 
 who were still his friends. A large number had left the 
 ranks, and were anathematized in forcible if not elegant 
 language. 
 
 The Mormons began to boast of the " intentions" of 
 their prophet. They called him " the commander-in- 
 chief of the armies of Israel ;" the State would soon be 
 in their hands, and finally the whole country in their 
 possession. The facts seemed to justify this braggadocio, 
 as the whole of Jackson County was theirs, and converts 
 were flocking to their ranks in great numbers. A public 
 meeting was, however, convened at Independence by 
 the alarmed and excited "Gentiles," which resulted in 
 the Mormons being driven across the Missouri River, by 
 an infuriated mob, into Clay and Cadwallader counties, 
 where Smith and Rigdon joined them. "With this dis- 
 persion the other Mormon settlements suddenly devel- 
 oped into places of importance, particularly a town called 
 "Far West." 
 
 The Saints had received a lesson, but were not wise 
 enough to heed it. Eigdon became very violent, and 
 taught them, by voice and by pen, that they must expect 
 to fight under persecution. In a Fourth of July oration 
 he said : " We take- God cmd all the holy angels to wit- 
 ness this day, that we warn all men, in the na/me of Jesus 
 Christ, to come on us no more forever. The set of men 
 who does it makes the attempt at the expense ofthein' limes. 
 It shall he a war of extermi/nation between us, for we 
 will follow them till the last drop of blood is spilled, or 
 else they will have to exterminate us. We will carry the 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOBMONISII. 87 
 
 seat of war to their own houses and families, till one 
 party or the other is utterly destroyed.'' ^ 
 
 This speech, with various exaggerations, was reported 
 and commented on in every part of the State, and even- 
 tuated in the most deadly animosity toward the vain- 
 glorious Mormons. While Kigdon thus stirred up the 
 people by talking and writing, Smith was shaping and 
 moulding the rudest materials into a great enthusiastic 
 religious power. Mills, workshops, farms, and industries 
 of many kinds sprang up in the wilderness around their 
 temporary resting-places ; and even with all the warnings 
 given and vexations caused them by their enemies of a 
 real or imaginary character, a new impetus was given to 
 their confidence in the Mormon leaders, everything con- 
 spiring to make them twofold more the children of the 
 " new faith." 
 
 With all these tragic circumstances, there grew into a 
 terrible reality one of those wild and romantic histories 
 which could only have taken shape on a Western fron- 
 tier, and which was developed by these unusual incidents 
 and by the vanity and egotistical spirit evinced by Mor- 
 monism. 
 
 To complicate affairs, two Mormons — Thomas B. Hyde 
 and Orson Pratt — " apostles," as they were called, made 
 an affidavit before a justice of the peace in Eay County, 
 to the effect that " the Mormons have a company among 
 them calling themselves ' Danites,' who have taken an 
 oath to support the head of the church in all things, 
 whether right or wrong ; that the design of Smith is to 
 take this State, and he professes to his people his inten- 
 tion of taking the United States, and ultimately the whole 
 world ; that this is the belief the Prophet inculcates, 
 and every true Mormon believes Smith's prophecies 
 superior to. the law of the land." 
 
88 KEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISil. 
 
 One of these men further said : " I heard the Prophet 
 say that he would yet tread down his enemies and walk 
 over their dead bodies ;. that if he was let alone he would 
 be a second Mahomet to this generation, and that he 
 would make it one lake of blood from the Eocky Moun- 
 tains to the Atlantic Ocean." 
 
 Mutual acts of plunder and retaliation between the 
 Saints and Gentiles became frequent and terrible in their 
 consequences, as they naturally would under such pecul- 
 iar and threatening circumstances ; and " trifles light as 
 air" brought them into colhsion. 
 
 The Mormons drove their opponents in many instances 
 from their immediate vicinity, burning their houses and 
 confiscating their property ; worse than all, some women 
 and children were driven into the woods, and two chil- 
 dren were born of homeless mothers. This was the 
 crowning event that fired the Missourians into a war of 
 extermination against the " interloping Mormons." 
 
 A company of militia was called together to keep the 
 peace, who encamped on the borders of a small stream ; 
 and the Mormons, supposing, it to be a mob ready to de- 
 stroy their possessions, attacked them, killing and wound- 
 ing many. 
 
 Complaints of the existing seditions were quickly car- 
 ried to Governor Boggs, who immediately ordered out 
 the State troops, " to enforce order upon all citizens, 
 even if it was found necessary to exterminate the hateful 
 and obnoxious Mormons," who were presumed to be in 
 the wrong and the fomenters of all these 'unhappy cir- 
 cumstances and terrible discords. 
 
 A fearful drama followed under the leadership of 
 " Major-General Clark," U. S. A., who is described as 
 being as rude as the most uncivilized of Mormons, even 
 making brutal addresses to his prisoners while they were 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISII. 89 
 
 calling on the name of " the unknown Grod. " He had 
 " discretionary powers," however, and allowed the enemy 
 to withdraw from the State, and could take their lands to 
 pay the cost of the war. The Mormon property thus 
 confiscated has been estimated to be worth nearly two 
 millions of dollars. 
 
 Joseph and Hyram Smith, with Eigdon and other 
 leaders, were arrested and placed in jail. There was a 
 court-martial the same evening, and it was decided to 
 have them shot the next morning ; but in consequence 
 of the protest of General Doniphan, who declared that 
 such an act would be unlawful, the court rescinded its 
 resolution. 
 
 Eigdon was discharged, but with their leaders in jail 
 the Mormons submitted to the conditions made, and pre- 
 pared to withdraw from the State into Illinois, where the 
 Prophet and his fellow-captives joined them after break- 
 ing from prison during two days in which their guard 
 was in a drunken slumber. 
 
 In an old book at the Astor Library there is a comical 
 representation of the " commander of the armies of 
 Israel" fleeing on horseback from the Missouri jail, Vv-ith 
 a companion on either side similarly mounted. 
 
 Twelve thousand Mormons arrived on the banks of the 
 Mississippi Kiver late in the autumn of 1838, in the most 
 unhappy plight. Their houses had been burned, their 
 fields laid waste, and they were nearly or quite destitute 
 of every personal comfort. Every indignity and per- 
 sonal insult which had been offered to the Missourians by 
 the Mormons was returned with interest, and so terrible 
 were their sufferings, that the hearts of the Illinois citi- 
 zens were so touched by their distress that they received 
 with hospitality those who had travelled over the bleak 
 prairies amid storms of wind and rain and snow. 
 
90 NEW LIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 
 
 The aged, the young, and the sick had been alike 
 houseless and homeless in the most inclement season of 
 the year. Many who had left homes of abundance died 
 from exposure to the pitiless elements. These were the 
 victims of the men who had led them into the snares of 
 a false religion. 
 
 A Mormon historian of thbse " persecutions of the 
 Saints" tells how twenty of them, sleeping in a log cabin 
 by the wayside, ia this flight to Illinois, were shot dead 
 through the crevices, and after the massacre was over a 
 boy who had been concealed was dragged out from his 
 hiding-place under a forge and shot, while his murderei'S 
 danced about him. This historian further writes (after 
 relating a number of such instances of Gentile cruelty) : 
 " We may forgive / hut to forget —neve?' /" 
 
 The Illinoisians who opened their doors to the invad- 
 ing Mormons excused their hospitality by saying that 
 matters had been carried too far against them, whatever 
 provocation they had given, and gave them shelter, food, 
 and clothing. A Mormon poet wrote in connection with 
 
 the times : 
 
 "Missouri, 
 Like a whirlwind in her fury, 
 Drove the Saints and spilled their blood." 
 
 Under such trying and tragic events the faith of many 
 of the Mormons succumbed. A most significant fact to 
 a large number was that their Zion had not been built at 
 Independence. 
 
 They had lost all their property, and even their health 
 had deeply suffered, and were ready to abandon the faith 
 and return forlornly to their former homes in the Eastern 
 States. Some left temporarily, some altogether, and re- 
 mained in Missouri, wrecked in religious belief and hope 
 of any kind. A large number of these destitute Mor- 
 
SEVr LIGHT ON MOEMOlflSM. 91 
 
 mons found their way to Quiney, 111., where inihlic 
 meetings were held and measures adopted for their ben- 
 efit ; and of these some, on a return of prosperity, joined 
 the Mormons at Nauvoo. 
 
 While the Saints were at Independence a " Book of 
 Commandments," for the government of the Church of 
 Christ, organized according to law, on the 6th of April, 
 1830, was partly written, but not published, as the fol- 
 lowing extract will show : 
 
 A " Book of Commandmeiits," for the government of the Church 
 of Christ, organized according to law, on the 6th of April, 1830. 32mo, 
 pp. 160, boards, Zion, Published by W. W. Phelps & Co., 1833. 
 
 This book was never published, nor even completed. Only two 
 copies are known. The sheets were destroyed by a Missouri 
 mob. People who know just enough of Mormonism to call tho 
 " Book of Mormon" the " Mormon Bible' ' — to think they know that 
 it was written by Solomon Spaulding, and stolen from a Pittsburg 
 printing-office by Sidney Kigdon, and handed over by him to Prophet 
 Joe — and who measured the evils of Mormonism only by the number 
 of defections from their own particular sect — and I have never con- 
 versed with an anti-Mormon, other than an apostate, whose knowl- 
 edge or interest extended much farther — wiU read with distrust or 
 indifference, if they read at all, the assertion which I unhesitatingly 
 make, that this book, if valued by its importance, would bring a 
 larger price than was ever paid for a single volume. People who 
 think they know all about it, suppose the " Book of Mormon" to be 
 to Mormonism what the Bible is to Christianity. Nothing could be 
 farther from the fact. Mr. Stenhouse, who was for many years one 
 of their leading men, and- probably the most intelligent man that they 
 ever had among them, once told me that he never read the " Book of 
 Mormon' ' through in his life, and that he did not believe anybody 
 else ever did. 
 
 In a roundabout manner, not a peculiarity of Mormons, but a char- 
 acteristic of churchmen, the Mormons, in their articles of belief, say, 
 and the elders never tire of repeating, that they believe in the Bible, 
 the "Book of Mormon," and the "Book of Doctrine and Cove- 
 nants." To know their crooked ways, which, I repeat, are not pecul- 
 iar to themselves, is to know that they would place the book which 
 they attach the least importance to in the front rank, and that which 
 
93 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOKISJT. 
 
 they regard as most important in tlie rear. This they would be cer- 
 tain to do, and this they have always done. As the " Book of Com- 
 mandments" is really the first edition of the " Book of Doctrine and 
 Covenants," one must be made acquainted with the general character 
 and standing of the book before he can understand the special im- 
 portance attaching to this edition. In short — for I do not propose to 
 write a treatise upon Mormonism, lest from lack of literary ability I 
 should make as miserable -a failure as most writers have made from 
 ignorance of the subject — the book is composed of what purport to 
 be "revelations" straight from God to Prophet Joe ! Professor J. B. 
 Turner, one of the best-informed of the anti-Mormon writers, 
 says of the " Book of Doctrine and Covenants" : " It has really 
 exerted a thousand-fold more influence on the doctrines and des- 
 tinies of the Mormon Church than all other books put together, still 
 it is usually kept in the background, and the ' Book of Mormon ' 
 thrown forward as their main authority, next after the Bible.',' This 
 is perhaps plain enough ; but in view of the fact that among all classes 
 of people less is known of Mormonism than of the sea-serpent, I vdll 
 add, in m^ ow-n plainer if not stronger words, that the "Book of 
 Doctrine and Covenants" is the whole of Mormonism. Counting 
 deaths and defections, not less than half a million people (mostly 
 fools, as Carlyle said of the population of the British Islands) have 
 been bamboozled, first into u. belief that God is the Author of the 
 miserable trash, and, as necessary correlatives, that the Mormons are 
 the Saints, and hell the portion of all others. During forty-five of 
 the fifty years of Mormonism, from the moment the " Book of Doc- 
 trine and Covenants" was issued in 1835, there has existed in the 
 " Book of Commandments" proof of the very kind which the circum- 
 stances seemed to demand — i.e., proof, plain and convincing, to the 
 meanest understanding," of the frau_dulent character of both versions. 
 The proposition could hardly obtain credence, even among the kind 
 of timber from which Mormons are made^ that an All-wise Being 
 could, in one hundred and sixty pages 32mo, make so many blunders 
 as have been corrected— if the alterations maj'be called corrections — 
 in the next following and first knov/n edition of these precious " rev- 
 elations." 
 
 " When Joe was getting up the ' Book of Mormon ' he loaned a 
 portion of the manuscript to Martin Harris, the man who was fool 
 enough to pay for printing it. Mrs. Harris got hold of it and secretly 
 burned it. Joe, who, being fearful that Mrs. Harris had not de- 
 stroyed it, but still had it in her possession, dared not go through 
 with the farce of pretending to re-translate it, lest Mrs. H. should 
 
ITEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 93 
 
 npsefc his pretensions by printing his first version, which he knew he 
 could not make his second version conform to, left it out altogether, 
 and commenced bis book where the lost portion ended ; and so much 
 was forever lost to religion. On that occasion he made a mistake by 
 over-caution. When, under somewhat similar circumstances, he was 
 again called upon to act, he made a still worse mistake by taking the 
 opposite course. One day, while this edition was being printed at 
 what is now Independence, Mo., the anti-Mormon border ruffians 
 pounced upon'Ziou,' as the Mormons called their settlement, and 
 in next to no time their tv/o-story brick printing-office, with all that 
 it contained— building, press, type, sheets, paper and all — were con- 
 verted into a mass of ruins, and the Saints were running away with 
 nothing but their lives. There can be no doubt that Joe and his 
 lieutenants felt confident that not a copy of the sheets had been pre- 
 served. When, in 1835, the book was first given to a wicked world, 
 two years' experience had enabled Joe to make numerous amend- 
 ments. In some cases ho modified or curtailed his revelations ; in 
 some cases they are considerably amplified ; but in all eases the 
 actions are made to meet the requirements of 1835. ThKt Joe was 
 shameless, audacious, brazen-faced, and would not have risked these 
 alterations had he not felt very certain that every printed copy of the 
 original version had been destroyed, is proved to the satisfaction of 
 people of ordinary intelligence by his conduct in relation to the lost 
 translation of the manuscript of the ' Book of Mormon ;' but what 
 renders the conclusion absolutely inevitable is the fact that after the 
 revelations were actually published beyond recall they were never 
 again, even in the slightest degree, subjected to the Almighty re- 
 vision." 
 
CHAETEE VIII. 
 
 The Mormons at Nauvoo — Description of the Temple — The Death of 
 the Prophet. 
 
 Joseph Sihth was now approaching the zenith of his 
 fame and power. He had arrived in Illinois from his 
 imprisonment in Missouri, so far the darkest period of 
 his history. The injustice with which he and his people 
 (as it was at the time generally considered) had been 
 treated served to awaken pity in their behalf. 
 
 The Prophet's prospects at once brightened when Dr. 
 Isaac Gallard, a notorious character, presented a part of 
 a large tract of land to him in Carthage County, with a 
 view of making a market for the remainder. 
 
 Immediately Joseph had a " revelation" that this was 
 the " centre spot," and he commanded the Saints to as- 
 semble there to build a city, a temple, etc. The city, 
 the angel told him, was to be called " Nauvoo," which, 
 he said, means " the Beautiful." It is located on the 
 east bank of the Mississippi Eiver, forty miles above 
 Quincy, 111., and twenty miles west of Burlington, Iowa, 
 at a bend of the river, on rising ground, commanding a 
 magnificent view of the " Father of Waters" for many 
 miles. ^ 
 
 The land given to Joseph was divided into lots and 
 sold to the Mormons, by which he realized over one 
 million of dollars. The Saints from all quarters re- 
 sponded to the call to hasten to the new city, and it im- 
 mediately grew into importance. 
 
 Fifteen years before Smith had been known as a com- 
 
NEW LIGHT OS MOKMONISM. 95 
 
 mon vagrant ; now he was known as a mayor, a pontiff, 
 and as a very rich man, the legislature having granted 
 the city a charter with extraordinary privileges, includ- 
 ing the authorization of a military body, afterward 
 known as the " Nauvoo Legion," of which he was the 
 lieutenant-general — a corps to which all the male Mor- 
 mons capable of bearing arms belonged. 
 
 Nauvoo became the capital of the world to the Mor- 
 mons, and attracted general attention. This new " ever- 
 lasting residence" of the Saints was changed from a des- 
 ert into an abode of plenty and luxury. Gardens sprang 
 np as if by magic, plethoric with the most beautiful 
 ilowers of the J^ew and the Old World, whose seeds had 
 been brought from distant lands as souvenirs to the new 
 " Zion ;" broad streets were laid out, houses erected, and 
 the busy hum of industries was heard in the marts of 
 commerce. Steamboats unloaded their stores, and pas- 
 sengers came and departed for fresh supplies of merchan- 
 dise ; fields waved with golden harvests, and cattle dotted 
 the neighboring hills. The new settlement was increased 
 by horse-thieves, house-breakers, robbers, and people of 
 the most disreputable character, who joined the commu- 
 nity to cloak their villainous deeds in mystery. Specu- 
 lators, too, came and bought property with the hope of 
 remuneration. Some of these people were baptized, but 
 being unwilling to pay full tithes, were " ousted " from 
 the ranks, which were again quickly filled. 
 
 An intelligent officer of the United States Army, who 
 visited Nauvoo in the height of its prosperity, gives an 
 account of the city and its institutions as he saw them at 
 this time: "Yesterday," he says, "was a great day 
 among the Mormons. Their legion, to the number of 
 two thousand men, were paraded by Genei*als Smith, 
 Bennett, and others, and certainly made a very fine ap- 
 
96 NEW LIGHT OS" MOKIIONISM. 
 
 pearance. The evolutions of the troops directed by Major- 
 General Bennett would do credit to any body of armed 
 militia. 
 
 " "What does all this mean ? "Why this exact disci- 
 pline of the Mormon corps ? Do they intend to conquer 
 Missouri, Illinois, or Mexico ? 
 
 " Before many years this legion will be fifty thousand 
 strong — a fearful host, and still augmenting, filled with 
 religious enthusiasm, and led on by ambitious and tal- 
 ented officers, and wliat may not be effected by them ? 
 These Mormons are accumulating like a snow-ball rolling 
 down an inclined plane, which in the end becomes an 
 avalanche. They have appointed Captain Bennett, late 
 of the United States Army, their inspector-general, and 
 he is commissioned as such by Governor Curtin. This 
 gentleman is skilled in gunnery, fortification, ordnance 
 and military engineering generally, and I am told he is 
 now under pay from the tithings of this warlike people. 
 I have seen his plans for fortifying Nauvoo, which are 
 equal to any of Tartan's. 
 
 " Only a part of their officers are Mormons, but they 
 act with a common interest, and those who are not Mor- 
 mons when they come here soon become so, from interest 
 or conviction. The Smiths are not without talent, and 
 are said to be brave as lions. Joseph, the chief j is a 
 noble-looking fellow — a Mahomet, every inch of him. 
 
 " The postmaster, Sidney Rigdon, is a lawyer, philos- 
 opher, and Saint. Their other generals are men of talent, 
 and some of them men of learning. They are all un- 
 questionably ambitious, and the tendency of their relig- 
 ious creed is to annihilate all other creeds ; you may 
 therefore see that the time will come wben this gather- 
 ing host of religious fanatics will inalie the country shalce 
 to its centre. A Western empire is certain ; ecclesiastical 
 
NEW LIGHT OSr MORMOS-ISM. 97 
 
 history presents no parallel to tliis people, inasmuch as 
 they are establishing their religion on a learned footing. 
 A graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, is president of 
 their university. 
 
 " The military parade astonished me and filled me 
 with fears for future consequences. The Mormons, it is 
 true, are now peaceable ; but the lion is asleep — take 
 care, don't arouse him. 
 
 " This place has been settled only three years. It is 
 well laid out, and seems to be well governed. The adjoin- 
 ing country is beautiful — a rolling prairie ; !Nauvoo con- 
 tains ten thousand people, and in and near this city are 
 thirty thousand of these warlike fanatics, an incorporated 
 army, to whom the arms of the State have been loaned ; 
 and of this army a company has been selected to build 
 the Mormon Temple, the site of which has been selected. 
 I am told that all the converts of Mormonism, here and 
 elsewhere, at this time number one hundred and fifty 
 thousand." 
 
 From this statement it is obvious that the Saints were 
 again prosperous some three years after their expulsion 
 from Missouri. Not only was the site of the temple 
 chosen, but a hotel was built, where certain of the leaders 
 were to be entertained, " free of expense, forever." 
 
 Conferences were held semi-annually, and missionaries 
 were appointed to Palestine, Africa, and Europe, and to 
 each Congressional district in the United States. The 
 best educated, the most inquiring and restive ones, were 
 sent on these errands in order to give them a chance to 
 let off the steam of discontent. They were sent with all 
 the promptness of military orders, with a three days' 
 notice for an absence of three years from home and 
 family, which were cared for by the presidency and' 
 bishops. Three hundred missionaries were appointed at 
 
98 NEW LIGHT OJT MOEMOKISM. 
 
 one of these conferences. Previous to starting they 
 received orders from Joseph, who preached a rousing 
 sermon to them that stimulated their pride of conquering 
 difficulties, without scrip or purse ; the main point was 
 that " spiritual wifehood" was to be most pointedly de- 
 nied ; and that they should teach that one man was to 
 live with one woman "in chaste fidelity." He told 
 them to buckle on the armor, " to confound the wise and 
 unwise," etc., thus enlisting their pride, which was the 
 sure way to make full Mormons of the wavering. 
 
 At this' time (184:2) the Mormons boasted of having a 
 himdred thousand in the faith throughout the States, 
 and their vote was a balancing power. They would go 
 in a body in all political questions. The Prophet com- 
 menced to agitate the question of a restitution of the 
 property the Saints had lost in Missouri. He visited 
 "Washington, had an interview with President Van 
 Buren, who said to him : " Sir, your cause is just, but I 
 can do nothing for you." In view of the approaching 
 Presidential election of 1844, letters on the subject of 
 the Mormons' alleged wrongs were addressed to promi- 
 nent candidates, which elicited answers not at all agree- 
 able to the Saints. 
 
 In 1843 the Prophet wrote to Henry Clay, who was 
 supposed to have a good chance to be elected to the 
 Presidency, to know what course he would pursue toward 
 the Mormons if he were successful. The correspondence 
 was characteristic of both parties. Smith's letter was to 
 the following effect : 
 
 "Nauvoo, III., November 4, 1843. 
 " Hon. Heney Clay : 
 
 " Deae Sir : As we understand you are a candidate 
 for the Presidency of the next election, and as the Lat- 
 
KEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM!. 99 
 
 ter-Day Saints (sometimes called Mormons), who now 
 constitute a numerous class in the school politic of this 
 vast Republic, wlio have been robbed of an immense 
 amount of property and endured nameless sufferings by 
 the State of Missouri, and from her borders have been 
 driven by force of arms, contrary to our natural cove- 
 nants, and as in vain we have sought redress by all con- 
 stitutional, legal, and honorable means in her courts, her 
 executive councils, and her legislative halls, and as we 
 petitioned Congress to take cognizance of our sufferings 
 without effect, we have judged it wisdom to address this 
 communication to you and solicit an immediate, specific, 
 and candid reply to what your rule of action relative to 
 us will be as a people, should fortune favor your acces- 
 sion to the Chief Magistracy. 
 
 "Most respectfully, sir, your friend, and the friend 
 of peace and good order and Congressional rights, 
 
 " Joseph Smith." 
 
 Mr. Clay responded as follows : 
 
 " Deae See : I have received your letter in behalf of 
 the Church of Jesus Christ, of the Latter-Day Saints, 
 inquiring what would be my rule of action to you as a 
 people should I be elected, etc. Should I be a candi- 
 date, I can enter into no engagements, make no prom- 
 ises, give no pledges to any particular portion of the 
 people of the United States. 1 have viewed with lively 
 interest the progress of the Latter-Day Saints. I have 
 sympathized in their sufferings, under injustice, as it 
 appeared to me. I think, in common with all other 
 religious communities, they ought to enjoy the security 
 and protection of the Constitution and the laws. I am, 
 
 with great respect, 
 
 " Your friend, 
 
 " Henky Clay." 
 
100 KEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 Mr. Clay's reply was very unsatisfactory to the Prophet, 
 who wrote him a second letter which received a still 
 more unsatisfactory reply. He wrote an angry rejoinder, 
 calling Mr. Clay "a blackleg in politics." The letter 
 shows the shrewdness and talent of the man. The follow- 
 ing is an extract from it : 
 
 " The renowned Secretary of State, the ignoble duel- 
 ist, the gambling Senator and Whig candidate for the 
 Presidency, Henry Clay, the wise Kentucky lawyer, ad- 
 vises the Latter-Day Saints to go to Oregon, to obtain 
 justice, and set up a government of their own. Why ? 
 Great God, to transport two hundred thousand people 
 through a vast prairie over the Rocky Mountains to 
 Oregon — a distance of nearly two thousand miles — would 
 cost more than four millions ; or should they go around 
 Cape Horn in ships to California, the cost would be more 
 than twenty millions ; and all this to save the United 
 States from inheriting the disgrace of Missouri for mur- 
 dering and robbing the Saints with impunity. Benton 
 and Van Buren, who make no secret to say, if they get 
 into power they will carry out (Governor) Boggs's ex- 
 terminating plan to rid the country of the Latter-Day 
 Saints, are 
 
 ' Little nipperkins of milk ' 
 compared to 
 
 ' Clay's great aqua-forti8 jars.' " 
 
 Then Smith set forth his " views on government," ad- 
 vocated a national bank, denounced punishment for 
 desertion in the army and navy, would pardon every 
 convict in the penitentiaries, curtail government offices 
 and pay, reduce the number of representatives, and 
 would harmonize everything by declaring all men free 
 to try " honesty and care" in their dealings, and become 
 
KEW LIGHT OSr MOEMOifISM:. 101 
 
 a brotherhood. Joseph was put in nomination for the 
 Presidency, and the Mormons have always declared that 
 if he had lived until the next election he would have ob- 
 tained that office. He was called " The Lion of the 
 Lord " at this time, from his bold spirit and great bravery 
 and power among his followers. A daughter of Joseph's 
 at this time said to a young woman just arrived at 
 Nauvoo : 
 
 "If we all do as father directs us, we shall be able to 
 conquer the whole world. The President of the United 
 States will be glad to black father's boots when the thou- 
 sand years of our reign upon earth commences, and that 
 time will come before long." 
 
 THE MOEMON TEMPLE AT ISTAUVOO. 
 
 On April 6th, 1841, the foundation of the remarkable 
 building at Nauvoo, called the Mormon Temple, was 
 laid by General Joseph Smith, who appeared for the 
 purpose at the head of his legion, surrounded by a 
 numerous stafE. Soon after the city of Nauvoo had been 
 laid out the selection was made for this crownina: tri- 
 umph of the wealth and perseverance of the Saints, on 
 the brow of a bluff overlooking the lower town on the 
 river and a wide stretch of country on either side. 
 
 The design of the temple, Smith said, was given to 
 him by the angel " Maroni," who explained all the de- 
 tails of the building to him. This " Maroni" was the 
 angel who gave him (as he said) the precious-box con- 
 taining the golden plates. However, he employed a 
 Gentile architect, who drafted it by dictation. All the 
 Saints were called upon to contribute to its erection by 
 time and money. 
 
 The building, which was of white limestone and 
 
103 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 ■wrought in superior style, was in the centre of a four- 
 acre lot. It was one hundred and twenty-eight feet long 
 by eighty-three feet in width, and sixty feet in height. 
 There were two stories in the clear and two in the 
 recesses over the arches, making four tiers of windows — 
 two Gothic and two round. The two lofty stories had 
 two pulpits, one at each end, to accommodate the Mel- 
 chisedec and Aaronic priesthood, graded into four rising 
 seats : the first for the president of the elders and his two 
 counsellors ; the second for the president of the high- 
 priesthood and his two counsellors ; the third for the 
 Melchisedee priesthood and his two counsellors ; and the 
 fourth for the president of the whole church (Smith) and 
 his two counsellors. There was a carved marble font 
 standing or resting on twelve life-sized oxen in marble in 
 the basement, for the "baptism of the living," "for 
 health, for the remission of sin, and for the salvation of 
 the dead." The temple had a single tower one hundred 
 feet in height on the side toward the river. On the 
 front of the building was this inscription : 
 
 " The House of the Lord, built by the Church of the 
 Latter-Day Saints. Holiness to the Lord." 
 
 This structure resembled no other church edifice, but 
 was remarkably unique and graceful in its proportions, 
 particularly the front of it, with its six fluted columns, 
 its carved Corinthian caps, and broad piazza. The walls 
 were of massive thickness ; the architectural ornaments 
 of the interior were " holy emblems," and the spire was 
 crowned,. or tipped, with a gilt angel and his "gospel 
 trump." P. T. Barnum, it is said, had this gilt angel in 
 his New Tork museum for years after the destruction of 
 the temple. It was the intention of the Mormons to in- 
 close this beautiful temple with a wall ten feet in height 
 and six in thickness. 
 
NEW LIGHT OlSr MORMONISH. 103 
 
 The other buildings in ITauvoo were the Seventies' 
 Hall, Masonic Temple, and Concert Hall, and the large 
 hotel which the Prophet said was to be the " Mission 
 House of the world," and where he would entertain 
 "emperors, kings, and queens," frona the Old World, 
 who would come to him to inquire of the new faith. 
 There was no licensed place to sell liquors, and drunken- 
 ness was almost unknown. 
 
 Order and thrift were the rule in this growing, pros- 
 perous town. Loafers or idle people were in disrepute. 
 If a stranger entered Nauvoo, his habits and calling were 
 at once a matter of watchfulness ; and if he was found to 
 be lazy and without employment he was at once ' ' whit- 
 tled " out of town by the deacons. This whittling proc- 
 ess seems to have been a method by which the suspected 
 person was followed by certain officials, who surrounded 
 him or his abode, and in unison whittled at sticks carried 
 for the purpose. At first it might seem to the doomed 
 one a matter of accident, but its continuance from day to 
 day was too much for human endurance, and the unde- 
 sirable stranger departed, to the satisfaction of his tor- 
 mentors. The first really traceable indication of the 
 purpose of the Prophet to introduce polygamy was in 
 1841-42, and then it was so furtively done that the 
 thousands that then believed, and still believe, in the 
 mission of Joseph Smith, as set forth by himself, deny 
 that he ever taught such a doctrine. It was brought 
 before the residents of Nauvoo by a quarrel between 
 Major-General Bennett, of the Nauvoo Legion, who 
 (after he had left the Saints) published a book called 
 " Mormonism Exposed," and related his " teaching the 
 Mormon sisters the doctrine of affinity at the command 
 of the Prophet." 
 
 There had been whispers of polygamy among the 
 
104 NEW LIGHT OW MOEMOKISM. 
 
 leaders of Mormonism at Klrtland, and more than whis- 
 pers of its existence among them in Missouri — Sidney 
 Eigdon, it is said, having suggested it to Smith,- who at 
 first was scandalized at the thought of its introduction 
 among his followers, hut easily adopted its practice, and 
 had a "revelation" allowing the higher officers of the 
 church to have " as many wives as they could support." 
 
 Smith's wife, Emma, the " Lady Elect," made a vio- 
 lent opposition at first to this law, and the consolation 
 given to her was " that a Prophet must obey the Lord, 
 and he would be obedient to the heavenly vision." 
 
 It is not now denied that polygamy existed at Nauvoo 
 at first secretly and afterward openly ; but everything 
 that could be done was done to mislead the public as to 
 the veritable teachings of the Mormon leaders concern- 
 ing marriage, from the quarrel of Bennett, in 1842, until 
 the open announcement of the revelation by Brigham 
 Young at Salt Lake City in 1862. 
 
 The missionaries were commanded to prevaricate, and 
 even positively deny, that the Mormon Church was other 
 than monogamic. 
 
 The sons of the Prophet have denied that their father 
 believed in or practised polygamy ; but there is over- 
 whelming proof that Joseph Smith had doubtful rela- 
 tions with many " sisters," and was, as he said, a " law 
 unto himself." 
 
 Many Mormons who personally knew the Prophet 
 have affirmed that Joseph said it was necessary to have a 
 "revelation''' on the subject of marriage "to allay the 
 storm that was brewing among the married women and 
 to satisfy the young women whom it was desirable to 
 convert." Mrs. Smith denounced the " revelation," and 
 talked openly of a separation from the Prophet on that 
 account, but was "softened down" by being told that 
 
NEW LIGHT OSr MORMONISM. 105 
 
 the angel commanded her "to cleave imto Joseph," and 
 afterward signed a certificate from " persons of families," 
 declaring that they knew of no rule, or system of mar- 
 riage, save that written by Oliver Oowdrey on marriage, 
 and that Bennett's " secret- wife system is a creature of 
 his own maldng." An author writes : 
 
 " The most forcible arguments that have yet been ad- 
 duced on Mormon polygamy are furnished by the pens 
 of the three sons of Joseph Smith at the head of a me- 
 morial to Congress protesting against Brigham Young's 
 church founded by their father — to wit : ' If this doc- 
 trine had been presented to the Mormons with the " first 
 principles" taught by the elders, not one in ten thousand 
 would have accepted it.' " 
 
 According to another author : " Few of the Mormon 
 women have ever accepted polygamy from the assent of 
 their judgment, having first been led to consider it by 
 their elders or leaders, as a true doctrine, and afterward 
 having been afraid to question it, their fears counselling 
 submission. Many of them have never been able to give 
 it a careful consideration." 
 
 Intestine quarrels on this subject of polygamy and 
 other causes brought on a crisis in affairs at Nauvoo, in 
 1844. The people in the neighborhood were jealous of 
 the rapidly-growing and flourishing city ; they com- 
 plained that their property disappeared mysteriously, and 
 that law cases tried in Nauvoo courts were always decided 
 against them. No Mormon, they afBrmed, was brought 
 to justice. It was widely reported that the Mormons 
 desired to rule the State, and intended to set all laws at 
 defiance. A number of talented and influential persons 
 who had become residents of Nauvoo, finding themselves 
 deluded as to the sanctity of the Prophet and in the ad- 
 vancement of their temporal affairs, deserted his stand- 
 
106 NEW LIGHT ON MORMOITISM. 
 
 ard, denoTincing him for licentiousness, drunkenness, and 
 boastful tyranny. 
 
 Smith justified his inebriation by the assertion that it 
 was necessary for him to be seen in that condition to 
 prevent his followers from worshipping him as a God. 
 "Women accused him of attempted seduction, and he re- 
 plied that he made such attempts " to learn if they were 
 virtuous." 
 
 The Prophet's newspaper, the Wasp, lashed these 
 dissenters with the bitterest sarcasm and hatred, to which 
 they replied in the Expositor, one number of which was 
 entirely devoted to a relation of the horrible immoralities 
 of Joseph Smith and his intimate associates. 
 
 A city council was called, and eleven members of the 
 twelve voted the Expositor a nuisance. Mrs. Foster, 
 wife of Dr. Foster, the editor of this organ, was one of 
 the women who had denounced the Prophet as having 
 made improper proposals to her, and it was said that she 
 wrote the first paper calling attention to the iniquities of 
 the Saints in respect. to "spiritual wifery." William 
 Law was the associate editor of the Expositor. 
 
 Smith and his followers attacked the building where it 
 was printed, destroying the presses and all its contents. 
 Foster and Law fled to Carthage, the county seat, got 
 out warrants against Smith and his brother Hyrum, and 
 sixteen of their intimates. A constable who served these 
 warrants was driven out of ITauvoo. This act fired the 
 smouldering hatred of the lllinoisians into terrible activ- 
 ity, and a dark day was lowering over the fate of the 
 Saints. The county authorities called out the militia to 
 enforce the law. 
 
 The charter of Nauvoo had been so cunningly devised 
 that the State authorities were almost excluded from 
 jurisdiction within its limits. 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 107 
 
 The Mormons hastily armed themselves, and a civil war 
 seemed impending when Governor Ford asked the two 
 Smiths — Joseph and Hyrum — to surrender themselves 
 and take their trial, as the best method of satisfying the 
 existing turbulent parties. 
 
 In return, the Smiths sent two men to confer with him, 
 and secretly crossed the Mississippi Eiver into Iowa to 
 watch the course of events, keeping up a correspondence 
 with the council, which, finding their own people in- 
 censed by the desertion of their president, military com- 
 mander, etc., begged the Smiths to obey the summons 
 of the governor, they (the members of the council) and 
 all their friends feeling sure of an acquittal on trial. 
 
 Following this advice, they returned to Nauvoo and 
 started for Carthage, but were met by an officer with an 
 order to disband the legion and deliver up the State 
 arms. The Smiths accompanied this officer, who had 
 some troops with him, and the order was daly executed. 
 The two brothers were then conducted to Carthage, with 
 Dr. Eichards, John Taylor, and others, were indicted for 
 treason, and lodged in jail. 
 
 The dissenting Mormons and all who had suffered in- 
 justice and loss of property from the Smiths now swore 
 dii-e vengeance against the prisoners ; but the governor, 
 after discharging the troops, went to Nauvoo and ad- 
 dressed the people, advising them to submit to the laws 
 and conduct themselves as good citizens, promising jus- 
 tice to all parties. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 184:4, he started to return to 
 Carthage, when he met a messenger who informed him 
 that a horrible massacre of the Smiths had been commit- 
 ted by an infuriated mob. 
 
 The governor, fearing a retaliation from the Mormons 
 on the inhabitants of Carthage, advised them to evacuate 
 
108 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 ]S"auvoo, and placed General Deming, with the few 
 troops that could be raised, and himself retired to Quincy 
 to await events. It appears that while the governor was 
 absent from Carthage, and the troops were disbanded, a 
 number of excited and bloodthirsty individuals took 
 matters into their own hands, decided to administer 
 justice after their own fashion, and attacked the jail very 
 early in the morning, breaking down the door of the 
 room where the prisoners were confined. 
 
 The Smiths were very brave, and defended themselves 
 as long as their ammunition held out, firing their revolv- 
 ers in rapid succession. Hyrum was shot first, and then 
 Joseph threw open the window, and in the act of leaping 
 out was killed by the bullets fired by the mob, saying, as 
 he fell, " O Lord, my God !" 
 
 Taylor was wounded, and Dr. Kichards, in the con- 
 fusion, managed to escape. This John Taylor, at present 
 at the head of the Mormon Church at Utah, is the one 
 mentioned as being in jail at Carthage with the Smiths, 
 and who came so near sharing their fate. 
 
 The murder of their Prophet exasperated the Mor- 
 mons at Nauvoo, and they determined on a " war to the 
 knife" with all who had participated in that tragedy. 
 
 The more sagacious ones, however, perceived that it 
 would be unwise to pursue such a course, and began very 
 skilfully to prevent the entire ruin of their future hopes. 
 They addressed the infuriated citizens, with clubs in 
 their hands, while a great drum was meanwhile beating 
 to arms. It was a fearful struggle. Revenge was deep, 
 and curses were poured out on the Gentiles, and "the 
 time to fight" most of them supposed had arrived ; but 
 the leaders made delays, and surrendered their arms. 
 
 They talked of a new organization and new leaders, 
 and so the day passed, and wrath was kept for a more 
 
KEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 109 
 
 propitious season. The following morning the. people 
 collected in Temple Square. The apostles promised 
 "the vengeance of heaven" on their enemies when the 
 time was ripe for the vials of wrath to be poured on 
 them, by patience, fire, and sword. 
 
 Next, the funeral pageant was of absorbing interest, 
 for the mourning was sore, sad, and deep over " the be- 
 loved patriarch and the adored Prophet Joseph." 
 
 They were called " martyrs for their faith and tri- 
 umphant in glory." The bodies of the Smiths were 
 buried in the cellar of Joseph's house, although the 
 ceremony of burying their empty coifins was performed 
 at the grave. Joseph Smith's death by the violence of 
 his enemies was opportune for the support of the system 
 he sought to establish, as he had arrived at a point where 
 the least delay would have made its waves overflow and 
 engulf him. 
 
 He had lived long enough for his fame, and died when 
 he could be called a martyr. It has been said of him 
 that "he could begin but not conduct a revolution." 
 He had become too impatient to manage a multitude, 
 and save for his death at the time, and in this violent 
 manner, the internal convulsions in the faith might have 
 extinguished Mormonism. 
 
 One version of the return of the Smith brothers from 
 Iowa to surrender themselves to the authorities at Car- 
 thage is, that, they had started "to seek out a new home" 
 in some isolated place in the Eocky Mountains for the 
 people, of which Joseph saw the necessity, when a letter 
 from his wife, Emma, overtook him, persuading him to 
 come back ; and in obeying it he made the fatal mistake 
 which cost his life. 
 
 It is now believed on good authority that it was " this 
 specious letter" of his wife's, rather than the governor's 
 
110 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 wish, which induced him to act against his better judg- 
 ment, and flee from the Gentiles. She wrote to him 
 reproachfully for his cowardice, denounced him as an 
 impostor, and asked him to give proof of his mission by 
 facing the enemies of the church. 
 
 It was the Missourians^ — who had never forgiven the 
 Mormons — who were mainly instrumental in inciting the 
 mob at Carthage to murder the Smiths. Even their 
 euemies acknowledged that they died manfully. Joseph 
 was heroic in a sense rarely allied to meanness ; yet every 
 act of his life and all the circumstances of his death 
 attest the cheat ; still he was of no ignoble order. 
 
 A few months before the Prophet's death Professor 
 Turner, of Jacksonville, 111., saw him at llTauvoo, and 
 thus described his personal appearance : 
 
 " Pie is a curious mixture of the clown and the knave ; 
 his hands are large and awkward, and he wears a massive 
 gold ring on one of his fingers. He has a downcast 
 look, and nothing of that straightforward appearance 
 that characterizes the honest man. His language is un- 
 couth and ungrammatical. " 
 
 But this description of the Prophet's appearance is 
 contradicted by other testimony, quite as reliable ; and 
 whatever he may have been from the commencement of 
 his pretended mission to the time of his death, the mass of 
 Mormons have been satisfied with him. His personal 
 beauty and magnetism, it is said, controlled those who 
 were about him. He Tnade them believe he could work 
 miracles, cast out devils ; that angels visited him ; that 
 he had revelations, trances, and was the chosen Prophet 
 of the " Latter-Day Saints." In one year he had thirty- 
 seven revelations, which he said were from Jesus Christ. 
 He began all his addresses with " thus saith the Lord." 
 
 The New Jerusalem was ever in his mind and conver- 
 
KBW IJGHT ON MOEMONISM. Ill 
 
 sation ; but wliere it was to be he did not discover. His 
 associations were such as made him acquainted with the 
 weak side of hamanity, and he early saw that numbers 
 were more convincing to the masses than intellectual at- 
 tainments in point of religious influence. His " mission' ' 
 grew with his years and his success, and he had far more 
 power over the destinies of Mormonism than the " Book 
 of Mormon" itself. 
 
 During his life he had an unquestioned influence over 
 his wife Emma ; she assisted him in every way to delude 
 the credulous and unscrupulous ; but a few years after 
 his death she published a statement in the Quincy (111.) 
 Whig to the effect that she had no belief in Smith's 
 prophetic capacity, and considered his pretended revela- 
 tions as the emanations of a diseased mind. 
 
 The following extract, from a criticism of books on 
 Mormonism, is pertinent to the foregoing chapter. Au- 
 thor unknown. Date, Januaiy, 1880 : 
 
 This ridiculous proposition to establish a Territorial Government 
 ■within the bounds of a State has underlying it a desperate expedient 
 to save Joe's neck from ' the halter which it richly deserved. Orrin 
 Porter Kockwell, church murderer, then new to the business, but now 
 the retired hero of a hundred murders, had been sent by Joe over to 
 Missouri to assassinate Governor Boggs. ' ' Port, " as he is affection- 
 ately called at Salt Lake, shot the governor in the head, but, as he 
 •was comparatively inexperienced, did not kill him. On the 5th of 
 June preceding the date of this petition, an indictment against Joe 
 and Port was found in Missouri, and on the 7th Governor Ford issued 
 a warrant for Joe's arrest, and surrendered him to a Missouri officer. 
 He was rescued by the Mormons, taken on a writ of habeas corpus be- 
 fore the Nauvoo Municipal Court (!), and, of course, discharged. 
 Governor Ford had been urged to call out the militia to aid in Joe's 
 rendition, and in the petition it is proposed that the Mayor of Nauvoo 
 (Joe) shall have the power " to call to his aid a sufficient number of 
 United States forces, in connection with the Nauvoo Legion, to repel 
 the invasion of mobs, keep the public peace, and protect the inno- 
 cent from the unhallowed ravages of lawless banditti that escape 
 
113 KEW LIGHT OK MORMONISM. 
 
 justice on the Western frontier ; and also to preserve the power and 
 dignity of the Union. And be it further ordained that the of&oers of 
 the United States Army are hereby requfred to obey the requisitions 
 of this ordinance." Joe did not get his Territorial Government, but 
 the Illinois election was about to take place, and having three thou- 
 sand votes to trade on, he was allowed to run at large a few months 
 longer, until he was killed. If he had been taken over to Missouri, 
 and given a fair trial, he might have saved his life by going to State's 
 prison. " Port" was tried, but being advised in better season than 
 Mr. Pickwick, proved "an alibi," and is still an ornament to Salt 
 Lake society and a shining light in the Mormon Church. 
 
CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 Brigham Young's election to the presidency— The expulsion of the 
 Mormons from Nauvoo in 18i6. 
 
 After the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the 
 Mormons seem to have been in a state of bewilderment 
 and indecision. It was one of the most critical periods 
 in their history, and the question arose " on whom the 
 mantle of the Prophet should fall. ' ' The most influen- 
 tial of the citizens of Nauvoo assembled to debate that 
 question. 
 
 Sidney Rigdon had already assumed the rdle of chief 
 functionary as of right, and had a " revelation" on this 
 subject. He had strong claims to'sustain this assumption 
 of power. He had originated Mormonism, and had very 
 important secrets in his custody ; but he miscalculated his 
 influence. He was unpopular, was distrusted, and it was 
 known that Joseph had long kept him at arm's length, 
 fearing to quarrel with him. Rigdon said his new 
 "revelation" commanded the "Saints" to go to Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. , and this contradicted all that Joseph had re- 
 ceived, which indicated that Jackson Co., Missouri, was 
 positively to be their final home. 
 
 Ten weeks after the removal of the Prophet, Rigdon 
 was called before the high quorum of the priesthood to 
 answer for his misdeeds. He refused to appear. 
 
 Brigham Young was in Boston, Mass., engaged in mis- 
 sion work, when he heard of the death of the Smiths, and* 
 hastened to Nauvoo as rapidly as possible after the news 
 reached him, convinced of his right to govern the peo- 
 
114 NEW LIGHT OH MORMOKISM. 
 
 pie. Next to Joseph Smith, Brigliam Toting was the 
 ablest man in certain ways who has been brought into 
 prominence by the Mormon delusion. The two men 
 had much in common, and each had a keen perception 
 of the character of the other. Brigham was born in 
 Vermont, in 1801, and removed at an early age to 
 Livingston Co., N. Y., where he was a field-laborer. 
 Later he was a house-painter at Canandaigua, N. Y. He 
 joined the Mormons in 1832, at Kirtland, where his nat- 
 ural shrewdness and quickness were immediately recog- 
 nized. 
 
 As one of the " Twelve Apostles" he soon became 
 famous as a successful preacher, and Smith, with pro- 
 phetic vision, in acknowledging Young's qualities as a 
 ruler, remarked : '' If Brigliam has a cha,nce he will lead 
 the Mormons to hell." At Nauvoo, however, he saved 
 them from destruction. He saw his opportunity, and had 
 the wit and the nerve to embrace it. His first move- 
 ment in this emergency was to make a public address ac- 
 cusing Rigdon of " manufacturing revelations," as^hav- 
 ing a " spirit as corrupt as the devil," and declaring his 
 mind was enveloped in darkness, and that he sowed dis- 
 sensions in the church. 
 
 The following portion of this address is curious as 
 tending to prove Rigdon's complicity in the original 
 fraud by which the " Book of Mormon" was palmed off 
 on the credulous as a divine revelation — to wit : 
 
 " Brother Sidney says he will tell our secrets ; but if 
 he tells them, we will tell his. Tit for tat. If there is 
 so much iniquity in our church, he is a black-hearted 
 wretch not to have told it long ago ;" and Young con- 
 cluded with saying that Rigdon was the prime cause of 
 all the troubles the Saints had had in Missouri and 
 Illinois, and to retain him in the church was to bring 
 
NEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 115 
 
 utter destruction upon it. A few voices were eloquent in 
 Rigdon's favor — ten in number ; but the majority ruled, 
 and Young delivered liim over to the " buffetings of the 
 devil for a thousand years in the home of the Lord." 
 His ten friends were also suspended from their fellow- 
 ship with the church. 
 
 Eigdon never sought to re-enter the church, and, 
 what was far more important to the Mormons, he never 
 told their secrets. He left Nauvoo immediately. Three 
 other Mormons desired " the mantle of the Prophet" — 
 Lyman White, William Smith, and Strang — all of whom 
 were excommunicated. Each had his followers. Strang 
 founded a city on the prairies of Wisconsin, where he 
 had a large colony, which ultimately removed to Beaver 
 Island, Lake Michigan, and assumed the title of " king." 
 
 Brigham was now triumphant ; the same assembly 
 which had rejected Rigdon elected him " First Presi- 
 dent," and invested him with the " keys." He at once 
 issu^ a " circular letter" to the Saints, giving his views 
 on the situation. It was calm, hopeful, practical, and 
 got up in a masterly style ; but his pacific advice could 
 not heal matters with the " Gentiles," and he gave out 
 that the Mormons must leave Illinois. 
 
 The charter of Nauvoo was repealed by the Legisla- 
 ture of the State in 1845. In the midst of these stirring 
 and exciting scenes the Mormons gave a curious exhibi- 
 tion of their faith in Joseph Smith. He had predicted 
 the completion of the temple, and Brigham commanded 
 them to remain in ISTauvoo in order to fulfil the " revela- 
 tion" of the Prophet. 
 
 Unheard-of exertions were made to carry out this 
 command, and the temple .was finished to its minutest 
 ornamentation. When it was ready the Mormons flocked 
 into the city from every quarter, and there was great 
 
116 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 rejoicing over the consecration of ' ' the Pride of the 
 Yalley,^^ as tliey called it. 
 
 The interior -was elaborately decorated with festoons 
 and wreaths of flowers, and symbolic glories " celestial, 
 telestial, and terrestrial ;" chants were sung, prayers 
 offered, and lamps and torches lighted to make it re- 
 splendent. This done, the walls were dismantled, the 
 ornaments taken down, and the symbols of their faith 
 removed to leave the noble building "to be trodden 
 down and profaned by the Gentiles." 
 
 From this time the enemies of the Mormons believed 
 in their promised evacuation of the city. A venerable 
 uncle of Joseph's declared that he had been told in a 
 prophetic vision that " the whole people must retire into 
 the wilderness, to grow into a multitude, aloof from the 
 haunts of civilization." 
 
 Brigham Young and the Council took this matter into 
 consideration. The result was, that they decided to 
 move as rapidly as possible across Iowa to the Misfouri, 
 into the Indian country near Council Bluffs. It is stated 
 that hostilities had been mutually suspended between the 
 Mormons and their enemies, the State Government hav- 
 ing promised its protection to the " Saints" until they 
 could dispose of their property. The exodus had been 
 delayed to finish the temple, and the mobocratic spirit 
 of the Illinoisians and Missourians was again aroused. 
 
 THE EXODUS FEOM KTAUVOO. 
 
 In the winter of 1846 the Mormons commenced to 
 leave the city. An indescribable pageant of ox -carts 
 and mule teams, loaded with women, children, and all 
 sorts of furniture, passed out from Nauvoo to the miry 
 
NEW LIGHT OSr MOKMOinSM:. 117 
 
 tracks of the prairies ; but the spirits of all, save the sick 
 and the helpless, were unbroken. Brigham superin- 
 tended every detail of this evacuation of Nauvoo. He 
 arranged that the population should leave in companies 
 as carefully selected and as well ordered as the situation 
 allowed. In spite of this preparation there was a report 
 that the Mormons really intended to remain, as their 
 progress was so tardy to the impatient Illinoisians ; and 
 in violation of all promises and State faith they called 
 out the militia and drove the defenceless residents from 
 their homes at the point of the bayonet, after bombard- 
 ing the city for three days and nights. 
 
 This was in September of 1846. The militia seems 
 to have been a rabble of two thousand men, who gath- 
 ered to fight less than three thousand of the old Nauvoo 
 Legion. "While this barbaric war was being conducted 
 against those who had been left in the city (the most 
 helpless and defenceless) Brigham was leading his com- 
 panies across the prairies to Council Bluffs, Iowa, which 
 had been selected as a temporary halting-place, where the 
 Mormons could recuperate their energies and prepare for 
 a more extended pilgrimage. 
 
 Men and women had been sent forward, through 
 Brigham's foresight, to plant crops by the wayside for 
 those who should follow to gather ; but there was terri- 
 ble suffering and much sickness among these bands, who 
 toiled onward, obedient to their leader's dictation. 
 
 The following description of the city of Nauvoo, im- 
 mediately after the Mormons were driven from it by 
 their foes, was written by Colonel Kane, of the United 
 States Army (a brother of Kane the Arctic explorer), 
 who afterward made the journey from Council Bluffs to 
 Utah in company with the Mormons, and wrote an ac- 
 count of it. From this time Colonel Kane's sympathies 
 
118 KEW LIGHX OS MORMONISM. 
 
 were deeply enlisted in behalf of tlie Mormons, as will 
 bo further seen. 
 
 " Ascending the upper Mississippi in the autumn 
 (1846), when its waters were low, I was obliged to travel 
 by land past the region of the rapids. I had left the 
 steamer at Keokuk, at the foot of the lower fall, and 
 hired a carriage to where the deep water of the river 
 returns. I was descending the last hillside npon my 
 journey, when a charming landscape broke upon my 
 view. Half encircled by a bend in the river, a beautiful 
 city lay glittering in the morning sun. Its bright new 
 buildings were set in cool green gardens, ranging up 
 around a stately, dome-shaped hill, which was crowned 
 by a noble marble edifice, whose high, tapering spire 
 was radiant with white and gold. 
 
 " The city appeared to cover several miles, and behind 
 it in the background there rolled ofE a fair country, 
 checkered by the careful lines of industry, enterprise, 
 and educated wealth ; everywhere the scene was one of. 
 singular and most striking beauty. 
 
 '■ It was natural to visit this interesting region. I was 
 rowed across the river, landing at the chief wharf of the 
 city. No one met me there. I looked and saw no one. 
 1 could hear no one. It was quiet everywhere, save for 
 the buzzing of the flies and the water-ripples on the 
 shallow of the beach. The town lay in a dream, under 
 some deadening spell of loneliness, from which I almost 
 feared to waken it, for plainly it had not slept long. 
 There was no grass growing up in the paved ways ; rain 
 had not entirely washed out the prints of dusty foot- 
 steps ; yet 1 went about unchecked into empty work- 
 shops, rope-walks, and smithies. The spinner's wheel 
 was idle, shavings were on the carpenter's work-bench, 
 fresh bark was in the tanner's vat, light wood stood piled 
 
ITEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 119 
 
 against the baker's oven. No work-people looked to 
 learn my errand. 1 went into gardens, clinking the latch 
 loudly after me, to pull the marigolds, heartsease, and 
 lady-slippers ; drank from a well with a noisy chain, but 
 no one called out to me from the windows or dog came 
 forward to bark an alarm. The house-doors were all 
 unfastened, and when ^t last I timidly entered them, I 
 found dead ashes white upon the hearths, and awoke 
 irreverent echoes by walking over the naked floors. On 
 the outside of the town was the city graveyard, but there 
 was no record of a plague. Some of the stones were 
 newly set, and their dates recent. Beyond the grave- 
 yard, out in the fields, I saw where the fruited boughs 
 of a young orchard had been torn down, and noticed the 
 still smouldering remains of a barbecue fire, which had 
 been made from the fence-rails that surrounded it. It 
 was the latest sign of life there ; fields upon fields of 
 yellow grain lay rotting around. 
 
 " Only two portions of the city seemed to suggest the 
 import of this mysterious solitude. In the southern sub- 
 urb the houses looking out upon the country showed, 
 by their splintered woodwork and w&lls battered to their 
 foundations, that they had lately been the mark of a de- 
 structive cannonading. In and around the splendid 
 temple, which had been the chief object of my admira- 
 tion, armed men were barracked with their stacks of 
 musketry and pieces of heavy ordnance. These chal- 
 lenged me, and wondered I had had the temerity to cross 
 the river without a written order from their leader. 
 They told me the story of the dead city ; that it had 
 been a great manufacturing and commercial mart, shel- 
 tering over twenty thousand persons ; that they had 
 waged war for several years with its inhabitants, and had 
 only lately been successful in driving them away at the 
 
120 NEW tiaHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 point of the sword. They boasted of their powers in the 
 three days' battle, and of their exploits ; told how they 
 killed a boy of fifteen and his father, who had just be- 
 come residents, and whom they admitted were without 
 reproach. They conducted me to the sculptured walls 
 of the curious temple, where they said the banished in- 
 habitants had been accustomed to celebrate the mystic 
 rites of an unhallowed worship, and pointed out certain 
 features of tlie building which they had sedulously de- 
 stroyed as having been peculiar objects of a former 
 superstitious regard. There was a deep well in one of 
 the chambers, which they said had been constructed with 
 some dreadful design ; and they told me romantic stories 
 of a great marble basin supported by twelve oxen the 
 size of life. They said ' here parents went into the 
 water for their lost children, and children for their 
 parents ; ' ' widows for their spouses, and young persons 
 for their lovers ; ' and thus ' the great vase ' was associ- 
 ated to them with tender memories, and was the object 
 of all others in the building of the most idolatrous affec- 
 tion. They permitted me to ascend to the steeple to see 
 where it had been struck by lightning the Sunday pre- 
 vious, and to look out east and west on wasted farms, like 
 the one mentioned, extending until they were lost in the 
 distance. 
 
 " It was nightfall when I crossed the river on my 
 return. The water was rough, so I made for a point 
 higher np, landing where a faint glimmering light in- 
 vited me to steer. Here among the rushes, sheltered 
 only by the darkness, were several hundred human crea- 
 tures in an uneasy, slumber on the ground. My move- 
 ments roused them. Dreadful indeed were the suffer- 
 ings of these forsaken beings, bowed and cramped, by 
 the cold and sunburn alternating, as each weary day and 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 121 
 
 night dragged on. Almost all of them were the crip- 
 pled victims of disease. Tliey were there because they 
 had no homes, nor hospital, nor poorhouse, nor friend 
 to offer them any. They were all alike bivouacked in 
 tatters. These were Mormons turned out of Nauvoo, 
 too poor, too ill, to follow their more fortunate compan- 
 ions, who were en route for Council Bluffs. There were 
 six hundred and forty persons thus lying on the Iowa 
 flats opposite Nauvoo, and the last who were turned out 
 of it." 
 
 Mrs. Emma Smith, the true wife of the first Mormon 
 Prophet, with her children and several of the elder 
 members of the numerous Smith family who had fol- 
 lowed the fortunes of Joseph to Nauvoo, did not leave 
 the neighborhood of the city to go west with the other 
 Mormons under the leadership of Brigham Young. 
 Mrs. Smith afterward married Major L. 0. Bidamon, and 
 died a few years ago. 
 
 The temple, after being partially destroyed by the 
 militia in 1846, was burned in 1848. Two years later it 
 was partly rebuilt by the French Icorrians (brought to 
 Nauvoo by Monsieur Cabet, the Socialist) for their own 
 use ; but a terrible tornado in 1850 threw most of the 
 splendid edifice to the ground. 
 
 The rise, progress, and destruction of Nauvoo occu- 
 pied seven years. Its history is as wonderful as that of 
 any city ever built, and many of its mysteries have yet 
 to be told. 
 
CHAPTEE X.* 
 
 The ioumey through the wilderness— The arrival of the Saints in 
 Utah— The early political situation of the Mormons in " the Land 
 of the Honey Bee"— The Mountain Meadow butchery— The influ- 
 ence of the Mormons over the Indians. 
 
 We have seen how Brigham Young hastened from 
 Boston to E'auvoo, " convinced of his right to lead the 
 people," and that the Mormons willingly yielded to his 
 conviction, and obeyed him implicitly. He was at this 
 time under forty years of age. He is said to have had a 
 most prepossessing countenance, a very frank and pleas- 
 ing address, and to have had the art of inspiring enthusi- 
 asm without allowing it to influence his own motives or 
 actions. 
 
 We have also seen that, owing to his persuasive elo- 
 quence, Eigdon had been sent adrift, and that he had 
 commanded that the temple should be completed, as ho 
 said, to fulfil Joseph Smith's " revelation" to that effect, 
 but probably to make plans for the future welfare of the 
 Saints. Seeing that their position was fraught with 
 dangers of both a seen and unseen character, he deter- 
 mined that it must be changed-^in short, that his 
 followers must seek " pastures new," find fresh sur- 
 roundings and possibilities somewhere. Meanwhile he 
 announced to his people t^hat they must be ready to 
 
 * In continuation of (;be history of the wanderings of the Saints 
 from Kirtland to Deseret, aftd the events following in their career up 
 to the present time, the most reliable authoritjps Vfo^ this subject 
 have been oayefiilly consulted. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOHMONISM. 133 
 
 sacrifice their all whenever he called upon them to do 
 so. They wept and hesitated ; but his authority pre- 
 vented further expressions of regret, as they were bound 
 to him by oaths which they shuddered to remember, and 
 which yet made them love him all the naore as their 
 president, brother, and spiritual adviser. Agents were 
 sent by him to explore the Western Territories. Their 
 glowing accounts of Utah, both for its great natural 
 resources and beauty, induced him to select that locality 
 as the future residence of the Mormons. Besides, Utah 
 at the time belonged to Mexico ; it was beyond the 
 control of the detested Stars and Stripes and the uncom- 
 fortable people who had thrice expelled " the chosen 
 ones" from their resting-places. He made his purpose 
 known to those nearest to him in office, but the common 
 herd were merely informed that their destination was to 
 be somewhere in the Rocky Mountains, and that they 
 were to move on in that direction as far as Council Bluffs 
 that season. This new exodus began in February, 1846, 
 the bleakest and coldest month of the year in that section 
 of the country. Here Brigham Young proved himself a 
 general, as well as commander. He directed every- 
 thing, and as the long trains of wagons, filled with the 
 Saints and such of their household effects as they could 
 carry, passed by him and crossed the ' ' Father of Waters, ' ' 
 he comforted and inspired and counselled the weeping 
 emigrants. Certain men were left behind at his desire 
 to sell the property of the church, and then shake off the 
 very dust of that unfortunate locality. 
 
 This journey proved to be one of intense suffering. 
 Many of the wretched wanderers fell ill and perished by 
 the way, and the survivors gladly received the command 
 to make Council Bluffs a temporary abode for rest and 
 recuperation. The church was reorganized on the arrival 
 
124 KEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 of the advanced company of tlie SaintSj, as they had 
 moved in sections and not in one solid body, probably so 
 as not to disturb the inhabitants of the sparsely populated 
 country with their numbers. Some of the historians of 
 Mormonism have asserted that when the Mormons left 
 Nauvoo they intended to go no farther than Council 
 Bluffs ; but there is very strong evidence thati Brigham 
 Young had fully laid his plans to make Utah his future 
 scene of action and rule before he crossed the Mississippi. 
 So far on the route, he must make plans for the com- 
 pletion of the journey. The obstacles in the way of this 
 intention would have intimidated a less courageous man. 
 There was still over one thousand miles to traverse 
 through an almost unknown country. If it was difficult 
 to transport armed troops through the wilderness, what 
 skill and energy must it not have required to send a 
 nearly unprovided-f or, feeble, and impoverished company 
 of men, women, and little children such a distance ! 
 But his wisdom and forethought controlled the whole 
 matter. 
 
 An event in our national history, the war between the 
 United States and Mexico, was imminent. He had had 
 inklings of it ; he hoped for it, and was prepared to take 
 advantage of it. His followers could wait a little longer 
 before making, as he believed, their last "hegira" to a 
 land flowing with milk and honey. The government 
 had offered large bounty money to all who would enlist 
 in the army. 
 
 The Mormons took advantage of this offer, and, con- 
 cealing their real design under a sham patriotism, sent 
 an agent to "Washington asking that they should be per- 
 mitted to form an organization to fight the common 
 enemy. The government approved, or, at all events, 
 allowed this scheme to be carried out, and in this way 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MORilOKISM. 125 
 
 money was furnished which assisted the emigrants to 
 cross the plains toward Utah. July 24th, 18i7, one 
 hundred and forty-three men, pioneers, entered Salt 
 Lake Yalley accompanied by Brigham Young. Five 
 days later a portion of the "Mormon Battalion" enlisted 
 under the call for troops for Mexico — about one hundred 
 and fifty men — under Captain Brown, who had arrived 
 escorting a company of emigrants, gathered from various 
 quarters in the East and the Old World. The men be- 
 longing to these, two companies, at Young's command, 
 had left their families at Council Bluffs. 
 
 From Fremont's reports of Utah, we learn that Salt 
 Lake City was at this time already laid out. The men, 
 under Captain Brown's command, were sent on to join 
 General Scott's army, while the others commenced im- 
 provements for domestic comfort, farming operations in 
 the vicinity, etc., and preparing for the residence of the 
 Saints, who were still at Council Bluffs in sickness, pov- 
 erty, and discontent. Getting matters into material 
 shape, Brigham returned to Iowa, where his presence 
 seemed to inspire the waiting Mormons. 
 
 In the spring of 1848 the Mormons, a company of 
 nineteen hundred men, women, and children, started 
 from Council Bluffs for Salt Lake. Colonel Kane's 
 description of this journey has all the interest of a 
 romance. The distance was enormous, the perils of the 
 way great, and the zeal of the travellers and their cour- 
 age under difficulties, sufficient to try the stoutest hearts, 
 were only equalled by their faith. " It was a pilgrimage 
 which has not been paralleled in the history of mankind 
 since Moses led the Israelites from Egypt," wrote the 
 enthusiastic Kane. They had sickness, weariness, skir- 
 mishes with the Indians, and they also had their pleas- 
 ures and rewards in this extraordinary journey of several 
 
136 KEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 months. They were surprised by beautiful scenery, and 
 they languished over dreary wastes. Brigham told them 
 stories, encouraged dancing to make them merry, and 
 had theatrical performances to distract their attention. 
 It was their custom, whenever the camp rested for a few 
 days together, to make great arbors, or "bowries," as 
 they were called, for meetings of devotion, conference, 
 and when the ground was trodden firm as places foi" 
 conviviality. Colonel Kane's account of a Mormon ball 
 in the wilderness is graphic. " If anything told the 
 Mormons had been bred to other lives, it was the appear- 
 ance of the women as they assembled here," he wrote. 
 Eefore their flight they had sold their trinkets to raise 
 ready money. The men wore waistcoats with useless 
 watch-pockets, and the ears of the women bore the loop- 
 marks of rejected pendants. Otherwise they lacked 
 nothing becoming decorous maidens and matrons. The 
 gravest and most trouble-worn of the company seemed 
 the most anxious to throw off the burden of heavy 
 thoughts. To the combination of violins, sleighTbells, 
 horns, and tambourines did they trip " the light fantastic 
 toe." French fours, Copenhagen jigs, Virginia reels, 
 and other figures were executed with the spirit of people 
 too happy to be slow, or bashful, or constrained, from an 
 early hour until the sun had gone down behind the sharp 
 sky line of the mountains. Children were born, and 
 numbers died and were buried on the route, but they 
 pressed on, under their leader's direction, for the new 
 home beyond the States and their enemies, arriving at 
 Deseret, " the Lamd of the Honey -Bee,'''' in the autumn 
 of 1848. And now lands were surveyed and placed under 
 careful cultivation, and Salt Lake City was made habit- 
 able ; and then followed an era of enterprise and success 
 that was as wonderful as it was unprecedented and ecu- 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 127 
 
 tradietory. Settlements were established in ex^ery direc- 
 tion, the soil was subdued and irrigated for cultix^ation, 
 and the people built the city and the temple, and estab- 
 lished mills, and workshops, and numerous industries, 
 under the personal directions of the ever-watchful 
 bishops. Missionary corps were newly organized for for- 
 eign lands, and an Immigration Fund established, which 
 soon resulted in a swarming influx to Utah from all parts 
 of Europe. 
 
 This " Immigration Fund " supplied the new converts 
 — ^mainly from the working classes — from the time they 
 left their homes until they reached some little farm in 
 Utah, to which each person or family was assigned, and 
 was under a regularly-organized police government, by 
 which the percentage of casualties and cost of transporta- 
 tion were greatly lessened. The same system of hring- 
 ing Mormon emigrcmts to Utah is in use at the present 
 tiyne. 
 
 As early as March, 184:9, a convention, or " confer- 
 ence," was held at Salt Lake City for the organization 
 of a State, which was accomplished under the name of 
 ''Deseret:'' 
 
 Congress refused to accept the constitution which was 
 adopted, but elected the country into a Territory in the 
 following September, and President Fillmore appointed 
 Brigham Young its governor. 
 
 But troubles still followed the career of the Mormons. 
 The judges appointed by the President for the new 
 territory were driven out of Deseret by the " Prophet" 
 governor. Colonel Steptoe, of the United States Army, 
 was sent by the President to occupy Brigham's place. 
 He arrived in Utah with his command in August, 185i, 
 but he found the Mormons so numerous and so belliger- 
 ent, and his military escort was so small, that he deemed 
 
138 NEW LIGHT ON MOBMONISM. 
 
 it prudent not to assume tlie functions of his ofSce ; and 
 after wintering there went to California with his troops. 
 
 The effect of this retirement of the troops was most 
 unfortunate. From that day the Mormon " Prophet" 
 successfully defied the government and outwitted the 
 Federal authorities. 
 
 After Colonel Steptoe's departure, Brigham said, in a 
 sermon to his people : "/am and will he governor, and 
 no power can hirider it until the Lord Almighty says: 
 ' £righam, you need not he governor any longer.^ " 
 Everything from that time seemed to consolidate his 
 power. 
 
 In February, 1856, Judge Drummond, of the United 
 States District Court, was driven from his bench by an 
 armed Mormon mob, and he was forced to adjourn his 
 court, and all the United States Army officers, except 
 the Indian agents, were obliged, by the terrible condition 
 of affairs, to leave the country. 
 
 The Mormons endeavored to jnstify their treatment of 
 the Federal officers by alleging that many of them were 
 disreputable and profligate — statements that have a 
 foundation in truth. In 1857 Alfred Cumming, of 
 Missouri, was appointed Governor of Utah by President 
 Buchanan. AA. the same time Judge Eckels, of Indiana, 
 was made Chief-Justice of the territory. Colonel S. A. 
 Johnson, with a body of twenty-five hundred United 
 States troops, was sent to protect them and enforce the 
 laws. The Mormons were greatly excited over the ap- 
 proach of the troops, and Brigham Young, in his 
 capacity as governor, issued a proclamation denouncing 
 the army as a mob, forbidding it to enter the territory, 
 and called upon the people of Utah to arms to repel its 
 advance. It was September when the army reached the 
 confines of Utah, and, owing to delays, was overtaken by 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOBMOUISM. 129 
 
 the snows of winter. A party of mounted Mormons, on 
 October 5th, destroyed several supply trains, captured 
 eight hundred oxen, and drove them into Salt Lake City. 
 The army went into winter quarters at Fort Bridger, 
 •where it suffered greatly. Their expedition had been 
 fitted out with great care, and cost our government 
 $14,000,000. October 27th Governor Gumming issued 
 his war proclamation, declaring the Territory to be in a 
 state of rebellion. Colonel Kane, who had been with 
 the Mormons during their last exodus, and seems to have 
 been at this time very much their friend and confidant 
 (if not convert), arrived at Salt Lake in 1858 with letters 
 from President Buchanan, and succeeded in bringing the 
 hostile " Saints" and the governor sent to subdue them 
 into i-elations of harmony. 
 
 He was quickly followed by two peace com.missi oners 
 " offering pardon to all Mormons who would submit to 
 Federal authority." This " offer of pardon" was car- 
 ried by Governor Powell, of Kentucky, and Major Mc- 
 CuUough, of Texas. The conditions were accepted by 
 the heads of the church. With a becoming considera- 
 tion for this subdued people, the army was stationed 
 forty miles from Salt Lake City, where it remained until 
 the spring of 1860, and was then withdrawn. 
 
 The Mormons were now exultant and hopeful. They 
 trusted in their prophet, and echoed his boastful asser- 
 tions that "nothing could harm them." He had ex- 
 hibited a rare union of reckless daring with the subtlest 
 prudence, recognizing a point beyond which he could not 
 go, which Joseph always failed to do ; and though lack- 
 ing the lion-like personal courage of the first Prophet, 
 he was more than his equal in moral heroism, and the 
 mysterious control he exercised over his people. 
 
 During the war for the suppression of the great rebel- 
 
130 K-JiW LIGHT ON MORMOITISM. 
 
 lion the Mormons were in a measure forgotten and over- 
 looked ; but since that time public attention, through 
 the facilities of travel, has been continuously turned in 
 that direction. The Pacific Railway has brought Utah 
 in close relations with the Eastern States. The isolation 
 of tha " Saints" is again disturbed by tourists, many of 
 them distinguished travellers, who have investigated the 
 exceptional social system of this people through the for- 
 bearance of their leaders. 
 
 On the 5th of October, 1869, Yice-President Colfax, 
 at the time a visitor at Salt Lake City, was invited to 
 make a speech from the portico of the Townsend House. 
 He embraced the opportunity to tell the Mormons his 
 opinion of polygamy in a bold and fearless way. " It 
 seemed to break the spell of the Prophet's authority," 
 and the wildest excitement ensued among his people. 
 The Schismatics, under the leadership of one Harrison, 
 established a paper called the Mormcyn Tribune, and 
 organized a liberal movement. They and all the dis- 
 affected were cut o£E from the church. 
 
 On the other hand, Brigham and the leading magnates 
 stood their ground firmly. John Taylor (the present 
 high priest, ruler, and president of the Mormons), the 
 leading mind and the best writer among them, answered 
 Mr. Colfax by a letter in the New York Tribune of No- 
 vember 19tli, 1869, in which he very cleverly disputed 
 all his arguments and most of the assertions he had made 
 at Salt Lake City. 
 
 The Tribune of the Schismatics was hopefully received 
 by certain people in Utah, as it professed to aim to break 
 down bigotry and fanaticism, to foster ideas in harmony 
 with the age, and to be in direct opposition to polygamy ; 
 but the attempt to bring Mormonism into agreement 
 and adjustment with the accepted standards of the civ- 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOJTISM. 131 
 
 ilized world as to right and wrong soon grew to be an 
 absurdity. 
 
 New " revelations" were announced by these opposers 
 of the Prophet, but their publication made no difference 
 in the general estimate of the situation of affairs. In 
 1870 Miss Anna Dickinson made the following state- 
 ments concerning Brigham Young, in her popular lecture 
 entitled " Whited Sepulchres :" 
 
 All this vast maohlnery is controlled by a single mind ; he is the 
 fourth largest depositor in the Bank of England ; he controls the 
 largest emigration fund in the world, whose emissaries appeal to the 
 poor, and homeless, and destitute, and ignorant, and misguided of 
 all lands, with the offer of a home, and a free passage to it, etc. 
 Yet he it was who, through his trained assassins disguised as Indians, 
 committed the Mountain Meadow massacre, and by whose order 
 William Hickman committed over four hundred murders in Utah. 
 
 Brigham Young was treated with the consideration of a "political 
 offender," and while the people of the United States organized power- 
 ful agencies for the conversion of the heathen abroad, it is justly said 
 we neglect to interpose an enlightened Christianity in behalf of the 
 victims of Mormonism. 
 
 Of the many items of interest concerning the second 
 " Prophet," the following is given by an English writer 
 on Mormonism : 
 
 Brigham Young was sent with others to England to preach the 
 Gospel. They landed at Liverpool, April 6th, 1840, partook of the 
 sacrament, and commenced preaching. Tliey were penniless, and de- 
 pendent on their enemies for support— which at first was small— and 
 Brigham suffered much and often. He superintended affairs, issued 
 an edition of the ' Book of Mormon, ' inaugurated the publication of 
 the ' Millennial Star,' and on April 30th, 1841, shipped seven hundred 
 and sixty-nine converts to Nauvoo, sailing himself with them, and 
 leaving many Mormon organizations and churches well established 
 behind him. 
 
 This was but one of his many ' ' missions, ' ' all of which 
 seem to have been successful. 
 
133 KEW LIGHT OK MOEJVIOKISM. 
 
 The anniversary of the day on which Brigham Yonng 
 (with the heads of the church) arrived at Salt Lake City 
 is still observed and celebrated ; hence the 24th of July 
 is the great national day with the Mormons, instead of 
 the 4th of July. 
 
 The second Prophet inaugurated a military corps 
 known as " Minute Men," which was quite distinct from 
 the " Danites." It was a well-drilled company of 
 armed men, taking the character of a militia held in re- 
 serve for general defence. The Danites were also well 
 organized, in a military point of view, with habits of 
 undying watchfulness and hardy enterprise, acquired by a 
 long experience of continued conflict with the Gentiles^ 
 Ever on their guard, skilled in all the arts of wood-craft, 
 able to read as on a printed page upon the desert — by 
 which many of their homes were surroimded — those 
 signs which to inexperienced eyes would pass unnoticed, 
 familiar with the laws of life and climate which charac- 
 terize their country, and thus enabled to turn all to their 
 own advantage as against strangers, and, more than all, 
 familiar with the wild passes and deep mountain gorges 
 through which all approach at that time could be made, 
 they seem to have been in possession of many elements^ 
 of strength to use for their own ends and in self-defence. 
 Some of the most horrible deeds of violence against the 
 enemies of Mormonism in Illinois, Missouri, and Utah 
 have been committed by this " band." It is denied by 
 the Saints at the present time that such an organization 
 now exists, if it ever existed ; but the truth in this mat- 
 ter is too fully established to admit of a doubt as to the 
 past, and there is every reason to believe that any un- 
 usual hostility shown to the Mormons by individuals or 
 the Government would prove that the " Danites" are 
 not all dead. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 133 
 
 Mormonism in Utah has always been associated with 
 the Mountain Meadoio Massacre, the most shocking 
 event in its history. The following brief account of this 
 horror has been taken from the most reliable sources 
 extant. 
 
 In the year 1857 there were two trains of emigrants 
 crossing the plains, with the intention of going to South- 
 ern California — one from Missouri and one from Arkan- 
 sas. The former was made up of men who called them- 
 selves " Missouri "Wild Cats ;" the other a company ol 
 highly respectable persons, who had many indications of 
 wealth and ease, that were seeking a new home. They 
 travelled leisurely through the week and rested on Sun- 
 days. There were men, women, and children of every 
 age among them, and many families related to each 
 other by the ties of consanguinity and marriage. They 
 were generally Methodists, and had morning and evening 
 prayers. 
 
 The " Wild Cats" contracted a high respect for them, 
 and came as near them in travelling as the methods of 
 the camp at night would allow. Like all other pilgrims 
 of the time toward " the golden Pacific coast," the emi- 
 grants counted upon recruiting at Salt Lake City, while 
 camping by the side of the river Jordan. Ordinarily the 
 Mormons were glad to see the arrival of Gentile emi- 
 grants en route for the far West, as it gave occasion for 
 trade and barter ; but certain events had changed the 
 spirit of the people. Federal troops were then advanc- 
 ing toward Zion, and the Saints were preparing for a de- 
 fence of their homes. The Missouri company, it has 
 been asserted, boasted on the way that they had helped 
 to drive the Mormons from their State, and that they 
 intended to further assist the approaching United States 
 troops to " wipe out the Mormons." 
 
134 NEW LIGHT OS MOKilONISlI. 
 
 The alleged aniimis against the other company was 
 that Orley P. Pratt, the Mormon apostle, missionary, 
 etc. , had been recently shot in Arkansas by Hector Mc- 
 Lean for an attempt to steal his children and send them 
 to their mother in Utah, who years before had been con- 
 verted to the Mormon faith in California, and had subse- 
 quently become one of the wives of Pratt. McLean was 
 not arrested for this act, as Mormonism and the apostles 
 were unpopular. Brigham Young, as Governor of Utah 
 and a sworn officer of the United States, was in honor 
 bound to protect these two companies of emigrants that 
 were resting by the Jordan. Those from Arkansas were 
 told to move on, and they took up their line of travel 
 for Los Angeles. From this time they were made to 
 suffer discomforts of many kinds by the way ; the Mor- 
 mons denied them provisions of every kind and food for 
 their cattle. The Indians were their only friends, and 
 sold them all the corn they had to spare. They halted 
 at Cedar City one day, and then started on that fatal trip 
 which soon came to a conclusion that has shocked the 
 whole civilized world. The fourth day after the emi- 
 grants left Cedar City, a regiment of Mormon militia, 
 under the command of Major John D. Lee, left that 
 place in pursuit of them. This militia had the " make 
 up" of a mihtary force in the field, with the exception of 
 artillery. Lee invited the Piede Indians to accompany 
 him, and with these auxiliaries he had a force that could 
 not be resisted by the poor hungry emigrants. 
 
 At Mountain Meadows the victims were overtaken. 
 They had "rolled out" from camp ignorant of the 
 danger which awaited them ; and when fairly en route 
 the Indians commenced firing upon them. The emi- 
 grants were taken completely by. surprise. They had no 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 135 
 
 idea that the military expedition had been sent against 
 them until they saw and felt it. They were not con- 
 fused, however, hut immediately corralled their wagons 
 and prepared for defence, but were, alas ! too far from 
 water. For four days they fought the soldiers and 
 Indians heroically. At the end of the second day Major 
 Lee sent for re-enforcements, which arrived on the morn- 
 ing of the fourth day's fight. During the third day's 
 battle it became a necessity with the emigrants to get 
 water. It was in plain sight, but covered with the rifles 
 of the troops. Hoping that the Mormons might have 
 some pity on them, they dressed two little girls in white 
 and sent them with a bucket in the direction of the 
 spring. The soldiers shot them down ! The morning 
 of the fourth day Lee told the men under his command 
 that his orders from headquarters were " to Mil the 
 entire company ex^cept the children. ' ' He sent a flag of 
 truce to them, offering to them, if they would lay down 
 their arms, to protect them. "What could the men do 
 but believe in this promise ? They marched out of their 
 little fort, laid down their arms, and marched up to the 
 spring where Lee stood, and placed themselves under his 
 protection. The line of march was then taken up, and 
 after the distance of half a mile had been traversed Lee 
 gave the command to halt ; then immediately the com- 
 mand to shoot them down. A long wail of agony from 
 the surviving women and little ones who had followed 
 their fathers, husbands, and brothers is beyond the 
 powers of description. All the men had been slain. 
 Another scene followed too revolting to be told, wherein 
 these Mormon demons were allowed to commit the last 
 outrage on these poor women. They were then killed, 
 and the whole company stripped of their clothing and 
 
136 ISTEW LIGHT OK MOEIIONISM. 
 
 left without burial. Seventeen children were saved, and 
 afterward distributed in Mormon families.* 
 
 In 1859 General Carlton raised a cairn of stones over 
 the bleached skeletons of the emigrants. On one of the 
 stones he caused to be written : " Here lie the hones of 
 
 * An Englisliinan, ■who, while still very young, imarried a Mor- 
 mon ■woman, but ■was not himself a convert to the faith, has 
 related to his son the incidents of a journey he made from Utah to 
 California the year after the horrible butchery of the emigrants at 
 Mountain Meadow. He saw the skeletons of some of the victims, 
 and a fine gold watch which had been found close to this locality, 
 and from certain marks was known to have belonged to some one 
 of them. Farther on in this journey he visited a village where 
 some children of the emigrants were housed by different Mormon 
 families. Only one of them was old enough to remember and tell of 
 the story of the massacre. The fate of that child is uncertain, but 
 the others were sent to their relatives in the East for adoption. 
 One of that fated band who were in route for California escaped, 
 
 and, as Mr. relates, reached a settlement beyond Utah, where 
 
 he believed he was in safety ; but the Indian savages employed by 
 the Mormons in the fiendish work hunted him down, caught him 
 unaware, and actually filled his body with arrows. 
 
 An English lady who has visited Utah during her travels in America 
 Is responsihle for the following story. She says it was related to her 
 by a missionary teacher to whom the experience occurred, in Utah. 
 The lady teacher asked a neighbor, a carpenter, to make some repairs 
 to the schoolhouse. The work was accomplished at noon-time, while 
 the children were away, and the man said one day : " I believe you are 
 a Christian, and I want to ask if you think I can be forgiven for help- 
 ing in the Mountain Meadow Massacre ? I want to tell you ; it is on 
 my mind all the time ; but if you betray me my life will be of no ac- 
 count." The teacher said she would not betray his confidence, and 
 she believed, whatever his sins might be, they would be forgiven if 
 he repented of them. 
 
 ' The carpenter then told her how a lovely, golden-haired little girl 
 was sent to a spring for water that dreadful day, and that he was one 
 of those commanded to shoot her down. That her look of entreaty 
 was forever before his eyes— and then the strong man wept at the 
 remembrance, while making this confession, of a barbaiity that he 
 dared not refuse to accomplish, | 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISII. 137 
 
 0116 hundred and twenty men, women, and cMldrenfrom 
 Arkansas, murdered on the \^th day of Septemier, 
 1857." Upon a cross-beam he caused to be painted-: 
 " Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord, and I will repay 
 
 it:' 
 
 Brigham Young ordered this monument to be de- 
 stroyed, and said the inscription should have read : 
 " Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord, and I have repaid 
 it:' John D. Lee was tried and executed by our Gov- 
 ernment for his part in the Mountain Meadow butchery. 
 He was but the instrument of Brigham Young's hatred 
 to McLean and the Gentiles generally, and was bound to 
 cany out the malignant wishes of his leader, however will- 
 ing or unwilling he may have been to do so. To Mormons 
 freedom of thought is as impossible, it is said, as to idiots 
 and to slaves. Elder "W". C. Penrose, a church magnate, 
 and editor, at the present time, of the Deseret News, 
 the official church paper, has recently been giving, on 
 successive Sunday evenings in Salt Lake City, some care- 
 fully-prepared lectures on " Blood Atonement" and 
 " Mountain Meadow Massacre" — themes upon which 
 hitherto a discreet silence has been kept, or, if alluded to, 
 have been called "absurd Gentile lies" and "mere 
 bugaboos." " His line of defence (writes a correspond- 
 ent of a Boston paper) concerning the ruthless slaughter 
 of the emigrants, is that they did evil things against the 
 Indians of Southern Utah, and that three or four wicked 
 bishops in those parts concluded not to let them escape 
 from the Territory alive, but wrote to Brigham Young 
 for advice, and then helped the redskins to cut their 
 throats before the messenger returned. The Mormon 
 monarch knew nothing of the shocking performance 
 until some weeks later, and for thirteen years was duped 
 into the belief that only Indians were concerned in it. 
 
138 KEW LIGHT OS MOEMONISM. 
 
 Alas for Penrose ! the facts are against his theory. 
 There is not a shadow of doubt that Brigham knew the 
 whole story, and that for nineteen years he did his best 
 to conceal the facts and shield the criminals from jus- 
 tice. " It is said that he gave Lee several new wives as a 
 reward for conducting the massacre. The policy of the 
 Mormons in regard to the Indians, whom they call 
 " Lamenites," from the first has been to conciliate them 
 in every way ; that every tribe should be visited by their 
 missionaries, to instruct them in their faith, and by inter- 
 marriage and every other means to bring them under 
 Mormon control. This influence has been used to preju- 
 dice the red men against the United States Government 
 and to stir up the tribes to open hostilities toward un- 
 protected settlements ; and in cases of collision between 
 the Mormons and United States troops to assist their 
 professed friends, the Saints. The Danites and the Ind- 
 ians have been allies in ambush fights and murders of 
 travellers through the Territories ; and in many horrible 
 deeds of violence, where innocent men, women, and 
 children on the frontiers have been slain by the red 
 men, the incentive for vengeance has been given by 
 Mormon agents. Men wise in the affairs of our nation 
 and in the policy of the Mormon Church have predicted 
 that if Uncle Sam ever rigidly attempts to abolish polyg- 
 amy and to force the Saints into an outward show of 
 morality, there will be serious trouble ; that a civil war 
 will eventuate, in which the " Lamenites" and the Mor- 
 mons will act as a unit against the Grentiles. The Ind- 
 ians are commonly called " the Battle-axes of the Lord ' ' 
 throughout the Territory. They are a most degraded 
 people, the Mormon missionaries having done little or 
 nothing toward their civilization. Some of the terrible 
 deeds attributed to the Lamenites have been committed 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOKMOIflSM. 139 
 
 by Mormons painted and dressed as Indians, as the fol- 
 lowing extract will prove : 
 
 " I am in possession of the evidence that bands of these Salt Lake 
 Mormons, armed, dressed, and painted— having the appearance of 
 Indians — are stationed on the way to California and Oregon, for the 
 purpose of robbing the emigrants. Many murders and robberies 
 have already been committed by these demons in human shape, 
 which have been published to the world and attributed to the Ind- 
 ians. ... * William Smith." 
 
 William was the Prophet's brother, and wrote the above nearly 
 eight years before the " Mountain Meadow Massacre." 
 
 * " Melchizedek and Aaronic Herald." By Isaac Sheen. Vol. I., 
 No. 8. Covington, Ky., February, 1849. 
 
CHAPTER XL* 
 
 Polygamy in Utali— The Granting of ■Woman's SnfElage in 1871 — 
 The Edmimds Bill— Sketch of Brigham Young. 
 
 The sons of Joseph Smith, the first Mormon Prophet, 
 have denied that their father practised or approved of 
 polygamy at any time in his career ; but the evidence 
 against such assertion is so strong and multiplied that we 
 cannot fail to accept it. The best authorities upon this 
 subject state that it was both preached and practised by 
 Smith and his followers at Nauvoo, much to the horror 
 and disgust of his first wife. Indeed, it was one of the 
 sins of the Mormons at Nauvoo which their neighbors 
 held in the greatest dislike, and which made up the sum 
 total of a depravity which tliey determined to be rid of 
 at any sacrifice. It was Brigham Young's policy imme- 
 diately after the settlement of the Saints in Zion to have 
 a "revelation" concerning polygamy, or "celestial 
 marriage," for his people. He told them the " peculiar 
 institution" should have the fulness of its glory in Utah, 
 " where the faithful can sit under their own vine and 
 fig-tree, none daring to make them afraid." Marriage 
 was no longer a civil contract ; it was to be a sacrament 
 of the church and a sacred tenet of the faith. Never- 
 theless, Utah belonged to the United States, and it was 
 
 * Frequent quotations are made in this chapter from Mrs. Joseph 
 Cook's " Face to Face with Mormoniam," read before the Woman's 
 Home Missionary meeting in Boston, March 27th, 1884, and Miss 
 Kate Field's lecture entitled the " Mormon Monster," delivered in 
 Boston, in the autumn of 1884. 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 141 
 
 uncertain what Congress might wish to do with such a 
 direct innovation upon Christianity, His mind grasped 
 the conclusion that there was power in numbers. It 
 would be difficult to deal with a whole people for an in- 
 fraction of the law ; he would make an ostentatious show 
 of a plurality of wives, which should be a virtue and not 
 an indiscretion. lie made constant arguments in favor 
 of polygamy in the Tabernacle in winter, and in the 
 open-air places of worship in summer. He said the 
 world was rapidly hastening to a close, and there were 
 multitudes of spirits in the other world waiting for hon- 
 orable bodies, in which they could dwell in the flesh. 
 The Gentiles were corrupt, and tlie ethereal spirits were 
 waiting anxiously for the favors of the Mormons. This 
 argument was considered lucid ; it appealed to the 
 grandest sentiment of humanity — self-abnegation. The 
 women would be selfish if they could not endure the 
 wandering affections of their lords and masters. It was 
 their duty to make a self-sacrifice ! The greatest of all 
 the human family had given His life to redeem ; why 
 could they not help to save ? From that time the 
 women of Utah have not only made the sacrifice of the 
 most vital principle of their souls, but have willingly or 
 unwillingly submitted to a life of daily afiliction for the 
 sake of an article of faith. 
 
 An authority upon Mormonism has written : " Who- 
 ever has read debasement in the women of Utah has 
 done them injustice. Some there be who are devoid of 
 refined sentiment and tlie nobler instincts of their sex, but 
 no women in history ever deserved more respect and 
 sympathy than the true women among the Mormons." 
 They are taught to believe that polygamy is a divine in- 
 stitution, required in these latter days to regenerate and 
 sanctify a world steeped in wickedness. They have 
 
142 IfEW LIGHT OlSr MOEMOKISM. 
 
 endured tlie most heartrending sorrows, while the men 
 have been told that he is noblest who values the com- 
 panionship of the soul the least, that his wife is but the 
 mother of his children. Thus the poor Mormou women 
 are often placed upon the level of the most inferior ani- 
 mals. One of the noted of the apostles said : " We 
 think no more of taking another woman than we do of 
 buying another cow." The women of Utah have ever 
 lived in constant dread of the time when their husbands 
 would be obliged by church command to become prac- 
 tical polygamists. They have had a fearful struggle be- 
 tween obedience to the supposed laws of the Deity, as 
 taught by the Mormon priesthood, and the wishes of 
 their own natures. However pure, however true these 
 poor women may be when converted to Mormonism, is 
 it remarkable that, under the influences by which they 
 are surrounded, tliey become living martyrs ? Wliat 
 days of silent grief and misery they must endure ! The 
 story of such women can never be told. The Mormon 
 men have claimed that the women " get used to plural 
 marriage, and are happy in it." It is a libel upon the 
 nature of woman to believe this statement for a moment. 
 No woman ever desired to share her husband with an- 
 other woman, and no husband could ever please two 
 wives. Polygamy has enslaved the Mormon men, while 
 it has martyrized the Mormon women. Brigham Young 
 openly avowed that when Joseph Smith gave him " the 
 order" for the first time that it was a great trial to his 
 soul. The locks of an apostle turned white in a single 
 night, it is said, when he was " commanded " to take 
 another wife. In the earlier days of Mormon life in the 
 mountains the elders made no concealment of their 
 courtships. The maiden in her teens would be escorted 
 by the already married intended husband of twice or 
 
NEW LIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 143 
 
 thrice her years to places of public festivity, with all the 
 attentioa of a romantic and love-stricken youth. When 
 the day of marriage arrived, the bridegroom and his 
 wife, and the bride with the relatives and invited guests, 
 assembled in some place appointed for the ceremony. 
 A scribe proceeded to carefully record the names, ages, 
 native towns. States, and country of the parties to be 
 married. Brigham Young, who was the president, seer. 
 Prophet, revelator, etc., and alone held the "keys" of 
 this solemn ordinance, called upon the bridegroom and 
 his wife and the bride to stand before him, the wife on 
 the left hand of her husband, the bride to stand on her 
 left. The wife was then called upon to place the hand 
 of the bride in that of her husband, if she was willing to 
 give the woman to her husband "to be his lawful 
 wedded wife for time and all eternity." The president 
 concluded the ceremony by saying : 
 
 "7«- the name of the Lord Jesus Christy and hy the 
 authority of the Holy Priesthood, I pronounce you 
 legally and lawfully husband and wife for time- and 
 for all eternity / and I seal upon you the blessings of 
 the holy resurrection, with power to come forth in the 
 morning of the first resurrection clothed with glory, im- 
 mortality, am,d eternal lives ; and I seal upon you the 
 blessings of thrones, and dominions, and principalities, 
 a/nd powers, and exaltations, together with the blessings 
 of Abraham,, Isaac, and Jacob ; and say unto you, Be 
 fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, that 
 you may have joy and rejoicing in your posterity, in 
 the day of the Lord Jesus Christ. All these blessings, 
 together with all other blessings pertaining to the new 
 am.d everlasting covenant, I seal upon your heads, 
 through your faithfulness unto the end, by the authority 
 
144 N-EW LIGHT ON MOEMOKISM. 
 
 of the Holy Priesthood, in the name of the Father, and 
 of the Son, and of the Holy. Ohost. Amen.'''' 
 
 The scribe then entered on the general record the date 
 and place of the marriage, with the names of witnesses. 
 
 This was the fashion of " sealing'^ by President 
 Young in " the good old days," when the ceremony was 
 performed with as much ostentation as the parties could 
 afford, openly, and without the slightest attempt at con- 
 cealment. Plural marriages have latterly been made in 
 a much quieter manner, bmt with the same form. Brig- 
 ham drove a thriving trade both in marrying and divorc- 
 ing the Saints. He said these services " supplied his 
 wives with pocket money." With all the commanding 
 influence of his, position he could not silence the bicker- 
 ing and unhappiness in his own household, until lie 
 threatened to divorce all his wives, and told them that if 
 they despised the order of heaven he would pray that 
 they would be cursed by the Almighty., After sueli 
 violence they " schooled themselves into silence and 
 submission." In 1873 T. B. 11. Stenhouse (twenty 
 years a Mormon elder and missionary, and later an apos- 
 tate), in his " Rocky Mountain Saints," wrote of polyg- 
 amy as follows : " Thirty years of its practice under the 
 most favorable circumstances liave stamped it as a wither- 
 ing curse." The doctrine of plural marriages is not 
 made prominent when Mormon missionaries seek to 
 make converts in foreign lands. When the trains loaded 
 with emigrants reach Salt Lake City the apostles and 
 dignitaries, of the church gather to receive them, and 
 select fairer and more youthful inmates for their harems. 
 A young girl from Sweden, not more than eighteen 
 years of age, was thus selected by one of the twelve 
 apostles — a man of sixty. She acknowledged that tlie 
 union with so high a dignitary of the church would con- 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MORMOIflSM, 145 
 
 fer great honor upon her, but confessed that a young 
 countryman of hers had won her affections during tlio 
 voyage, and that she was to be married, to him the fol- 
 lowing day. She supposed this statement would bs 
 sufficient, but was told that she must not resist the 
 wishes of one of the anointed in Israel. The expectant 
 bridegroom was interviewed by a bishop, but with no 
 better success. Such contumacy was surprising. The 
 will of one of the twelve must not bo gainsaid. That 
 night the girl was forced into his harem. The lover was 
 found the next morning in a glen of the Wahsatach 
 Mountains, alive, but mutilated. 
 
 All Mormons are not polygamists, but the priesthood 
 nrges the practice of polygamy on their followers, 
 particularly upon young men of talent, influence, and 
 independence of character. It keeps them in the 
 church ; for if such an one Avere to apostatize, a Mormon 
 jury would require very slight evidence to find him 
 guilty of bigamy. The idea of taking a second wife to 
 a man who is happily married is at first extremely dis- 
 tasteful if he is at all sensitive ; but a woman who was 
 for thirty-five years in the Mormon Church says " no 
 matter what a man may be, if he receives Mormouism as 
 a whole, and governs himself by its teachings, he be- 
 comes hopelessly bad." Wife- whipping is not uncom- 
 mon in Utah. It is a saying there that a man who is 
 good at managing his cattle will be able to manage his 
 women. The question has often been asked what iu- 
 duees women to go into " plurality" when they are ac- 
 quainted with its horrors. It is to them a duty to be 
 performed, no matter what the sacrifice may cost them 
 ■ — in short, it is their religion. They aifirm that there 
 is no salvation without it. They confess to their Gentile 
 friends that they never see a day's happiness after their 
 
146 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOKISJI. 
 
 husbands take the second wife, but they yield to that 
 sound Mormon doctrine that " the first duty of a woman 
 is submission, the second silence." The following stoiy 
 is from the lips of the first wife of Orley Pratt, one of 
 the most intellectually gifted of the Mormon leaders. 
 At the time of its relation she was sixty years of age and 
 in delicate health. Mrs. Pratt is said to have " a refined 
 manner and unusual strength of character." Mrs. Pratt 
 and her husband were married young, and for love. 
 They became Mormons when there was very little said 
 of polygamy among them or it was a prominent feature 
 of their faith. They had three sons, of whom they were 
 proud, and they were happy in each other. Orley 
 Pratt developed great powers of oratory, which made 
 him acceptable as a preacher at home and missionary 
 abroad. In these days Brigham Toung found fault with 
 him for being such a strict monogamist. It was a bad 
 example for the young men. .This went on for three 
 years, a season of anguish to both husband and wife, 
 particularly to her, as she saw that the president's insidi- 
 ous influence was gaining ground with him. He told 
 her it was his duty to yield to the teachings of Christ. 
 At last he yielded, although reluctantly. The second 
 wife did not come into their family, and Mrs. Pratt says 
 her husband was as wretched as herself ; but this feelina: 
 wore away with him, and then she had only begun to 
 drink of the bitter cup. A third, fourth, and fifth wife 
 was added, but were not admitted into the house of the 
 first wife, where her children were growing up. Mrs. 
 Pratt began to see the effect of this unnatural mode of 
 life upon her husband. His affections seemed blunted. 
 He was indifferent to her and. her children. In the 
 earlier stages of -this man's polygamous career he spent 
 most of his time with the wife of his youth, visiting his 
 
KBW LIGHT ON' MOEMOKISM. 147 
 
 other wives at rare intervals. As a crowning insult to 
 lier, lie informed her that henceforth he should divide 
 his time equally between his different households. A¥ith 
 the true spirit of a woman, Mrs. Pratt then said to hinl 
 that she would never again receive him as her husband, 
 as he had lost his place in her heart. He did not believe 
 her — it was only a woman's threat. She remained true 
 to her word. She so trained her sons to hate the system 
 that had made her life wretched, that they became pro- 
 nounced Mormon apostates, although they endured re- 
 peated persecutioiis from Brigham Young. 
 
 If a polygamous Mormon is wealthy each wife can 
 have a separate establishment. Sometimes cottages are 
 seen side by side, where there is a wife in each cottage. 
 One of the apostles kept nine wives in a large house, each 
 wife having her own apartments. When an impecunious 
 Mormon takes several wives, he expects them not only 
 to support themselves, but sometimes to take care of 
 him as well. Poverty with polyganiy renders these 
 people positively brutish. A Christian minister, who is 
 thoroughly acquainted with the Mormons, says : " No- 
 where in the United States is there more squalid poverty 
 in proportion to the population, or a greater lack of the 
 comforts of life among the lower classes, than in Utah." 
 This will apply to the Territory at large rather than to 
 Salt Lake City, where poor people have as many coiti- 
 forts as the impecunious enjoy in other large cities. It 
 is an established, fact that Mormonism degrades all the 
 finer feelings of the soul, and that old age is not honored 
 among them. If there is an aged' wife in a household, 
 she is the common drudge. Sometimes she is sent 
 adrift to take care of herself: The missionaries of 
 Christian churches in Utah report that they have their 
 hands full in caring for the sick, the aged, the destitute. 
 
148 NEW LIGHT ON JtOBMOKISM. 
 
 and the helpless, who are brought there by the Mormon 
 missionaries, and then left to shift for themselves. 
 
 Mormon polygamy has an infamous pre-eminence over 
 that of the Turks in the intermarriage of near relations. 
 It is not imcommon for a man to marry sisters, or 
 mother and one or more daughters, as they agree better 
 than strangers. In the southern settlements of Utah are 
 found all the most revolting features of Mormonism. 
 In the FortnighUy for October, 1881, a Federal judge, 
 who has resided near Salt Lake City for years, testifies 
 that there is no law on the statute-book of the Territory 
 against incest. The claim that polygamy produces finer 
 offspring than monogamy has been proved to l)e an inso- 
 lent fallacy. " The looseness of divorce among the 
 Saints has never had a parallel among the most depraved 
 of Gentiles," says a recent observer of Mormon methoiis 
 in Salt Lake City. Brigham Young granted divorces to 
 his people, while admitting they were not worth the 
 paper they were written upon. He did not hesitate to 
 untie as many elders in Israel as could pay for the 
 luxuiy. 
 
 The granting of woman's suffrage by Brigham Young, 
 in 1871, was a cowp (Vi'tat for the purpose of strengthen- 
 ing Mormonism and circumventing " the enemy" — in 
 other words, the Gentiles. But in a Territory where 
 polygamy is proclaimed to be " divine," and that has no 
 laws against bigamj', adultery, and kindred crimes, there 
 can be no just appreciation of woman. Female suffrage 
 under such conditions is a mockery and delusion. Polyg- 
 amy, although " the corner-stone of the Mormon 
 Church, " is not inserted in its thirteen printed articles 
 of faith. It would alarm those turning their eyes 
 toward "the land of promise." The elastic conscience 
 of John Taylor, the present " Prophet, seer, and revela- 
 
IfBW LIGHT OK MOBMOKISM. 149 
 
 tor" to "the chosen people," is exemplified by his em- 
 phatic denial of polygamy, in 1850, when he " rejoiced 
 in multitudinous households. " 
 
 The refrain of a " song of Zion" runs 
 
 " Then, oh, let us say— "" 
 
 God bless the wife that strives 
 And aids her husband all she- can 
 To obtain a dozen wives.'' 
 
 The meaning of the spiritual wife doctrine is that man 
 without woman, and woman without man, cannot be 
 saved. The more wives a man has the fuller will be his 
 glory in the next world. It is the policy of wealthy 
 Mormons to treat visitors to Salt Lake City with effusive 
 hospitality ; hence these careless tourists who are willing 
 to accept such courtesies remark : " These Mormons 
 don't seem so bad, after all. At all events, they are very 
 polite." English travellers are singularly lenient to this 
 relic of barbarism in our Amei'ican civilization. A 
 member of Parliament gave a decidedly rose-colored 
 view of Salt Lake City in the January, 1884, number of 
 the Nineteenth Century. He wonders at the antipathy 
 toward the Mormons manifested by Americans in the 
 Eastern States, and considers it due to the exalted idea 
 respecting women entertained by Americans generally, 
 which explains their aversion to the Mormons as identi- 
 fied with polygamy. This gentleman undoubtedly re- 
 ceived attentions from the wealthiest of the Mormons, 
 and had only seen the fair exterior of this apple of 
 Sodom. An Anti-Polygamy Society has long been 
 established in Salt Lake City, and a heroic fight against 
 Mormonism is being made by a Grentile daily called the 
 Salt Lake Tribune. There are twelve thousand polyga- 
 mists in Utah, and its obnoxious doctrines are more 
 
150 KEW LIGHT OH- MOBSfOKISM. 
 
 openly and defiantly pi-eached than ever. Under tlie 
 statutes there has been one conviction for polygamy 
 within twenty years. 
 
 March 2d, 1882, the "Edmunds Bill" passed both 
 Houses of Congress, after weary delays and much oppo- 
 sition. It reads as follows : 
 
 [Public— No. 30.] 
 
 AN ACT to amend section fifty-three hundred and fifty-two of the 
 
 Revised Statutes of the United States, in. reference to bigamy, 
 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 -Be it enacted by the Senate and Bouse of Sepresentatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That section fifty-three hundred 
 and fifty-two of the Eevised Statutes of the United States be, and 
 the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows, namely : 
 
 " Every person who has a husband or wife living who, in a Terri- 
 tory or other place over which the United States have exclusive juris- 
 diction, hereafter marries another, whether married or single, and 
 any man who hereafter simultaneously, or on the same day, marries 
 more than one woman, in a Territory or other place over which the 
 United States have exclusive iurisdiotion, is guilty of polygamy, and 
 shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars and 
 by imprisonment for a term of not more than five years ; but this 
 section shall not extend to any person by reason of any former 
 marriage whoso husband or wife by such marriage shall have been 
 absent for five successive years, and is not known to such person to 
 be living, and is believed by such person to be dead, nor to any per- 
 son by reason of any former marriage which shall have been dissolved 
 by a valid decree of a competent court, nor to any person by reason 
 of any former marriage which shall have been pronounced void by 
 a valid decree of a competent court, on the ground of nullity of the 
 marriage contract." 
 
 Sec. 2. That the foregoing provisions shall not affect the prose- 
 cution or punishment of any offerice already committed against the 
 section amended by the first section of this act. 
 
 Sec. 3. That if any male person, in a Territory or other place over 
 which the United States have exclusive jurisdiction, hereafter cohabits 
 with more than one woman, he shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished bj' a fine of 
 not more than three hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not 
 
NEW Ll&HT OH MOEMONISM. 151 
 
 more than six montlis, or by both said punishments, in the discretion 
 of the court. 
 
 Sec. 4. That counts for any or all of the offences named in sections 
 one and three of this act may be joined in the same information or 
 indictment. 
 
 Sbo. 5. That in any prosecution for bigamy, polygamy, or unlawful 
 cohabitation, under any statute of the United States, it shall be 
 sufficient cause of challenge to any person drawn or summoned as a 
 juryman or talesman, first, that he is or has been living in the 
 practice of bigamy, polygamy, or unlawful cohabitation with more 
 than one woman, or that he is or has been guilty of an offence punish- 
 able by either of the foregoing sections, or by section fifty-three 
 hundred and fifty-two of the Revised Statutes of the United States, 
 or the act of July first, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled " An 
 act to punish a,nd prevent the practice of polygamy in the Territories 
 of the United States and other places, and disapproving and annul- 
 ling certain acts of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah," 
 or, second, that he believes it right for a man to have more than one 
 living and undivorced wife at the same time, or to live in the practice 
 of cohabiting with more than one woman ; and any person appearing 
 or offered as a juror or talesman, and challenged on either of the 
 foregoing grounds, may be questioned on his oath as to the existence 
 of any such cause of challenge, and other evidence may be introduced 
 bearing upon the question raised by such challenge ; and this ques- 
 tion shall be tried by the court. But as to the first ground of chal- 
 lenge before mentioned, the person challenged shall not be bound 
 to answer if he shall say upon his oath that he declines on the ground 
 that his answer may tend to criminate himself ; and if he shall 
 answer as to said first ground, his answer shall not be given in 
 evidence in any criminal prosecution agalinst him for any offence 
 named in sections one or three of this act ; but if he declines to 
 answer on any ground, he shall be rejected as incompetent. 
 
 Sec. 6. That the President is hereby authorized to grant amnesty 
 to such classes of offenders guilty of bigamy, polygamy, or unlawful 
 cohabitation, before the passage of this act, on such conditions and 
 under such limitations as he shall think proper ; but no such amnesty 
 shall have effect unless the conditions thereof shall be complied 
 with. 
 
 Sec. 7. That the issue of bigamous or polygamous marriages, 
 known as Mormon marriages, in cases in which such marriages have 
 been solemnized according to the ceremonies of the Mormon sect, in 
 any Territory of the United States, and saoh issue shall have been 
 
152 NEW LIGHT OS MOEMONISM. 
 
 born before the first day of January, Anno Domini eighteen hundred 
 and eighty-three, are hereby legitimated. 
 
 Seo. 8. That no polygamist, bigamist, or any person cohabiting 
 ■with more than one woman, and no woman cohabiting with any of 
 the persons described as aforesaid in this section, in any Territory or 
 other place over which the United States have exclusiye jurisdiction, 
 shall be entitled to vote at any election held in any such Territory 
 or other place, or be eligible for election or appointment to or be 
 entitled to hold any office or place of public trust, honor, or emolu- 
 ment in, under, or for any such Territory or place, or under the 
 United States. 
 
 Sec. 9. That all the registration and election offices of every 
 description in the Territory of Utah are hereby declared vacant, and 
 each and every duty relating to the registration of voters, the con- 
 duet of elections, the receiving or rejection of votes, and the can- 
 vassing and returning of the same, and the issuing of certificates or 
 other evidence of election in said Territory, shall, until other provision 
 be made by the Legislative Assembly of said Territory as is hereinafter 
 by this section provided, be performed under the existing laws of 
 the United States and of said Territory by proper persons, who shall 
 be appointed to execute such offices and perform such duties by a 
 board of five persons, to be appointed by the President, by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Senate, not more than three of whom 
 shall be members of one political party ; and a majority of whom 
 shall be a quorum. The members of said board so appointed by the 
 President shall each receive a salary at the rate of three thousand 
 dollars per annum, and shall continue in office until the Legislative 
 Assembly of said Territory shall make provision for filling said offices 
 as herein authorized. The secretary of the Temtory shall be the 
 secretary of said board, and keep a journal of its proceedings, and 
 attest the action of said board under this section. The canvass and 
 return of all the votes at elections in said Territory for members of 
 the Legislative Assembly thereof shall also be returned to said board, 
 which shall canvass all such returns and issue certificates of election 
 to those persons who, being eligible for such election, shall appear to 
 have been lawfully elected, which certificates shall be the only evi- 
 dence of the right of such persons to sit in such assembly : Provided, 
 That said board of five persons shall not exclude any person other- 
 wise eligible to vote from the polls on account of any opinion such 
 person may entertain on the subject of bigamy or polygamy nor shall 
 they refuse to count any such vote on account of the opinion of the 
 person casting it on the subject of bigamy or polygamy ; but each 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMOliriSM. 153 
 
 house of s-.ieli assembly, after its organization, shall have power to 
 decide upon the elections and qualifications of its members. And 
 at, or after the first meeting of said Legislative Assembly whose 
 members shall have been elected and returned according to the pro- 
 visions of this act, said Legislative Assembly may make such laws, 
 conformable to the organic act of said Territory and not inconsistent 
 with other laws of the United States, as it shall deem proper con- 
 cerning the filling of the offices in said Territory declared vacant by 
 this act. 
 
 Approved, March 22, 1882. 
 
 IPritUir's No., 8985. 
 48th CONGEESS, Q 100Q 
 
 Id Session. °- -l^o^- 
 
 m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 JoNE 19, 1884. 
 Ordered to be printed. 
 
 AN ACT to amend an act entitled " An act to amend section fifty- 
 three hundred and fifty-two of the Revised Statutes of the United 
 States, in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,' ' approved 
 March twenty-second, eighteen hundred and eighty-two. 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and Souse of Bepresentatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That in any proceeding and 
 examination before a grand jury, a judge, justice, or a United States 
 commissioner, or a court in any prosecution for bigamy, polygamy, 
 or unlawful cohabitation, under any statute of the United States, the 
 lawful husband or wife of the person accused shall be a competent 
 witness, and may be_ called and may be compelled to testify in such 
 proceeding, examination, or prosecution without the consent of the 
 husband or Wife, as the case may be ; but such witness shall not be 
 permitted to testify as to any confidential statement or communi- 
 cation made by either husband or wife to each other during the 
 existence of the marriage relation. 
 
 Sec. 2. That in any prosecution for bigamy, polygamy, or unlawful 
 cohabitation, under any statute of the United States, whether before 
 
154 IfEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 a United Slates commissioner, justice, judge, a grand jury, or any 
 court, an attachment for any witness may be issued by the court, 
 judge, or commissioner, without a previous subpoena, compelling the 
 immediate attendance of such witness, when it shall appear to the 
 commissioner, justice, judge, or court, as the case may be, that there 
 is reasonable ground to believe that such witness will unlawfully fail 
 to obey a subpcena issued and served in the usual course in such cases ; 
 and in such case the usual witness fees shall be paid to such witness 
 so attached : Provided, That no person shall be held in custody under 
 any attachment issued as provided by this section for a longer time 
 than ten days ; and the person attached may at any time secure his 
 or her discharge from custody by executing a recognizance, with 
 sufficient sureties, conditioned for the appearance of such person at 
 the proper time as a witness in the cause or proceeding wherein the 
 attachment may be issued 
 
 Sec. 3. That any prosecution under any statute of the United States 
 for bigamy, polygamy, or unlawful cohabitation may be commenced 
 at any time within five years next after the commission of the offence ; 
 but this provision shall not be construed to apply to any offence 
 already barred by any existing statute of limitation. 
 
 Sec. 4. That every ceremony of marriage, or in the nature of a 
 marriage ceremony, of any kind, in any of the Territories of the 
 United States, whether either or both or more of the parties to such 
 ceremony be lawfully competent to be the subjects of such marriage 
 or ceremony or not, shall be certified in writing by a certificate stating 
 the fact and nature of such ceremony, the full names of each of the 
 parties concerned, and the full name of every officer, priest, and 
 person, by whatever style or designation called or tuown, in any way 
 taking part in the performance of such ceremony, which certificate 
 shall be drawn up and signed by the parties to such ceremony, and 
 by every officer, priest, and person taking part in the performance of 
 such ceremony, and shall be by the offiper, priest, or other person 
 solemnizing such marriage or ceremony filed in the office of tho 
 probate court, or, if there be none, in the office of the court having 
 probate powers in tho county or district in which such ceremony 
 shall take place, for record, and shall be immediately recorded. 
 
 Such certificate shall be prima facie evidence of the facts required 
 by this act to be stated therein, in any proceeding, civil or criminal, 
 in which the matter shall be drawn in qtiestion. Any person who 
 shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed 
 guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be pun- 
 ished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by imprison. 
 
KEW LIGHT OIT MOKMONISM. 155 
 
 ment not longer than two years, or by both said punishments, in the 
 discretion of the court. 
 
 Seo. 5. That every certificate, record, and entry of any kind con- 
 cerning any ceremony of marriage, or in the nature of a marriage 
 ceremony of any kind, made or kept by any officer, clergyman, priest, 
 or person performing civil or ecclesiastical functions, whether lawful 
 or not, in any Territory of the United States, and any record thereof 
 in any office or place, shall be subject to inspection at all reasonable 
 times by any judge, magistrate, or officer of justice appointed u,nder 
 the authority of the United States, and shall, on request, be produced 
 and shown to such judge, magistrate, or officer by any person in 
 whose possession or control the same may be. Every person who 
 shall violate the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty. of 
 a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a 
 fine of not more than .one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not 
 longer than two years, or by both said punishments, in the discre- 
 tion of the court. And it shall be lawful for any United States com- 
 missioner, justice, judge, or court before whom any proceeding sliall 
 be pending in which such certificate, record, or entry may be material, 
 by proper warrant, to cause isuch certificate, record, or entry, and 
 the book, document, or paper containing the same, to be taken and 
 brought before him or it for the purposes of such proceeding. 
 
 Sec. 6. That nothing in this act shall be held to prevent the proof 
 ,of marriages, whether lawful or unlawful, by any evidence now legally 
 admissible for that purpose. 
 
 Sec. 7. That it shaU not be lawful for any female to vote at any 
 election hereafter held in the Territory of Utah for any public purpose 
 whatever, and no such vote shall be received or counted or given 
 effect in any manner whatever ; and any and every act of the 
 governor and Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah providing 
 for or allowing the registration or voting by females is iereby an. 
 nulled. 
 
 Sec. 8. That all laws of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of 
 Utah which provide for numbering or identifying the votes of the 
 electors at any election in said Territory are hereby disapproved and 
 annulled ; but the foregoing provision shall not preclude the lawful 
 registration of votes, or any other provisions for securing fair elec- 
 tions which do not involve the disclosure of the candidates for whom 
 any particular elector shall have voted. 
 
 Seo. 9. That the laws enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the 
 Territory of Utah conferring jurisdiction upon probate courts, or the 
 judges thereof, or any of them, in said Territory, other than in re- 
 
156 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 Bpect of the estates of deceased persons, and in respec.t of the guardian- 
 ship of the persons and property of infants, and in respect of the 
 persons and property of persons not of sound mind, are hereby dis- 
 approved and annulled ; and no probate court or judge of probate 
 shall exercise any jurisdiction other than in respect of the matters 
 aforesaid ; and every such jurisdiction so by force of this act with- 
 drawn from the said probate courts or judges shall be had and exer- 
 cised by the district courts of said Territory, respectively. 
 
 Sec. 10. That the laws enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the 
 Territory of Utah which provide for or recognize the capacity of 
 illegitimate children to inherit or to be entitled to any distributive 
 share in the estate of the father of such illegitimate child are here- 
 by disapproved and annulled ; and no illegitimate child shall here- 
 after be entitled to inherit from his- or her father or to receive 
 any distributive share in the estate of his or her father : Provided, 
 That this section shall not apply to' any illegitimate child born pre- 
 vious to the passage of this act. 
 
 Sec. 11 . That all laM's of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory 
 of Utah which provide that prosecution for adultery can only be 
 commenced on the complaint of the husband or wife are hereby dis- 
 approved and annulled ; and all prosecutions for adultery may here- 
 after be instituted in the same way that prosecutions for other 
 crimes are. 
 
 Sec. 12. That the acts of the Legislative Assembly of Utah in- 
 corporating, continuing, or providing for the corporation known as 
 the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, and the ordinance of 
 the so-called General Assembly of the State of Deseret incorporating 
 the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, so far as the same 
 may now have legal force and validity, are hereby disapproved and 
 annulled, so far as the same may preclude the appointment by the 
 United States of certain trustees of said corporation as is hereinafter 
 provided. The President of the United States, by and with the 
 advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint fourteen trustees of 
 the said corporation, who shall have and exercise all the powers and 
 functions of trustees and assistant trustees provided for in the laws 
 creating, amending, or continuing the said corporation, which trus- 
 tees so appointed shall hold their respective offices for the term of 
 two years ; and the trustees of said corporation shall annually or 
 oftener make a full report to the Secretary of the Interior embracing 
 aU the property, business affairs, and operations of the said corpora- 
 tion ; and the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah shall not 
 have power to change the laws respecting said corporation without 
 
KEw LIGHT osr mokmonism:. 157 
 
 the approval of Congress. Said trustees shall each give bond, payable 
 to the United States, with good and sufficient security, for the faith- 
 ful discharge of the duties incumbent upon him as trustee, in-such 
 sum as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Sec. 13. That it shall be the duty of the Attorney-General of the 
 TJnited States to institute and prosecute proceedings to forfeit and 
 escheat to the United States the property of corporations obtained or 
 held in violation of section three of the act of Congress approved the 
 first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled " An act 
 to punish and prevent the practice of polygamy in the Territories of 
 the United States and other places, and disapproving and annulling ' 
 certain acts of the Legislative Assembly of the Territoiy of Utah, " or 
 in violation of section eighteen hundred and ninety of the Kevised 
 Statutes of the United States ; and all such property so forfeited and 
 escheated to the United States shall be disposed of by the Secretary 
 of the Interior, and the proceeds thereof applied to the use and bene- 
 fit of the common schools in the Territory in which such property 
 may be : Provided, That no building shall be forfeited which is held 
 and occupied exclusively for purposes of religious worship. 
 
 Sec. 14. That in any proceeding for the enforcement of the pro- 
 visions of law against corporations or associations acquiring or hold- 
 ing property in any Territory of the United States in excess of the 
 amount limited by law, the court before which such proceeding may 
 be instituted shall have power in a summary way to compel the pro- 
 duction of all books, records, papers, and documents of or belonging 
 to any trustee or person holding or controlling or managing property 
 in which such corporation may have any right, title, or interest 
 whatever. 
 
 Sec. 15. That all laws of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory 
 of Utah, or of the so-called government of the State of Deseret, creat- 
 ing, organizing, amending, or continuing the corporation or association 
 called the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company are hereby disap- 
 proved and annulled ; and it shall not be lawful for the Legislative 
 Assembly of the Territory of Utah to create, organize, or in any man- 
 ner recognize any corporation or association for the purpose of or 
 operating to accomplish the bringing of persons into the said Ter- 
 ritory for any purpose whatsoever. 
 
 Sec. 16. That it shall be the duty of the Attorney-General of the 
 United States to cause such proceedings to be taken in the Supreme 
 Court of the Territory of Utah as shall be proper to dissolve the said 
 corporation and pay the debts and to dispose of the property and . 
 assets thereof according to law. Said property and assets, in excess 
 
158 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISK, 
 
 of the debts and tlie amonnt of any lawful claims established by the 
 court against the same, shall escheat to the United States, and shall 
 be taken, invested, and disposed of by the Secretary of the Interior, 
 under the direction of the President of the United States, for the 
 benefit of common schools in said Territory. 
 
 Sec. 17. That the existing election districts and apportionments of 
 representation oonoerning the members of the Legislative Assembly of 
 the Territory of Utah are hereby abolished ; and it shall be the duty 
 of the governor, Territorial Secretary, and the United States judges 
 in said Territory forthwith to redistriot said Territory, and apportion 
 representation in the same in such manner as to provide, as nearly as 
 may be, for an equal representation of the people (excepting Indians 
 not taxed), being citizens of the United States, according to numbers, 
 in said Legislative Assembly, and to the number of members of the 
 counsel and House of Eepresentati ves, respectively, as now established 
 by law ; and a record of the establishment of such new districts and 
 the apportionment of representation thereto shall be made in the 
 of&ce of the secretary of said Territory, and such establishment and 
 representation shall continue until Congress shall otherwise provide ; 
 and no persons other than citizens of the United States otherwise 
 qualified shall be entitled to yote at any election in said Territory. 
 
 Sec 18. That the provisions of section nine of said act approved 
 March twenty-second, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, in regard to 
 registration and election offices, and the registration of Voters, and 
 the conduct of elections, and the powers and duties of the board 
 therein mentioned, shall ooD,tinue and remain operative until the 
 provision and laws therein referred to be made and enacted by the 
 Legislative Assembly of said Territory of Utah, shall have been made 
 and enacted by said assembly and shall have been approved by Con. 
 gress. 
 
 Sec 19. That whoever commits adultery shall be punished by im- 
 prisonment in the penitentiary not exceeding three years ; and T.fhen 
 the act is committed between a married woman and a man who is un- 
 married, both parties to such act shall be deemed guilty of adultery ; 
 and when such act is committed between a married man and a woman 
 who is unmarried, the man shall be deemed guilty of adultery. 
 
 Sec. 20. That if an unmarried man or woman commits fornication, 
 each of them shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding six 
 months, or by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars. 
 
 Sec. 21. That commissioners appointed by the Supreme Court and 
 district courts in the Territory of Utah shall possess and may exercise 
 all the powers and iurisdiotion that are or may be possessed or exer- 
 
KEW LIGHT 0]Sr itOKMONIS:*!. 150 
 
 cised by iustioes of the peace in said Territory under the laws thereof, 
 and the same powers conferred by law. on commissioners appointed 
 by circuit courts of the United States. 
 
 Seo. 22. That the marshal of said Territory of Utah, and his depu- 
 ties, shall possess and" may exercise all the powers in executing the 
 laws of the United States possessed and exercised by sheriffs and 
 their deputies as peace officers ; and each of them shall cause all 
 offenders against the law, in his view, to enter into recognizance to 
 keep the peace and to appear at the next term of the court having 
 jurisdiction of the case, and to commit to jail in case of failure to 
 give such recognizance. They shall quell and suppress assaults and 
 batteries, riots, routs, afirays, and insurrections, and shall apprehend 
 and commit to jail all felons. 
 
 Seo. 23. That the office of Territorial superintendent of district 
 schools created by the laws of Utah is hereby declared vacant ; and it 
 shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of said Territory to appoint a 
 Territorial siiperintendent of district schools, who shall possess and 
 exercise all the powers and duties imposed by the laws of said Terri- 
 tory upon the Territorial superintendent of district schools, and who 
 shall receive the same salary and compensation, which shall be paid 
 out of the treasury of said Territory ; and the laws of the Territory of 
 Utah providing for the method of election and appointment of such 
 Territorial superintendent of district schools are hereby suspended 
 until the further action of Congress shall be had in respect thereto- 
 The said superintendent shall have power to prohibit the use in any 
 district school of any boot of a sectarian character or otherwise un- 
 suitable. Said superintendent shall collect and classify statistics 
 and other information respeeting the district schools in said Terri- 
 tory, showing their progress, the whole number- of children of school 
 age, the number who attend school in each year in the respective 
 counties and average length of time of their attendance, the number 
 of teachers and the compensation paid to the same, the number of 
 teachers who are Mormons, the number who are so-called Gentiles, 
 the number of children of Mormon parents and the number of chil- 
 dren of so-called Gentile parents, and their respective average attend- 
 ance at school. All of v/hich statistics and information shall be an- 
 nuallyreported to Congress, through the governor of said Territory 
 and the Department of the Interior. 
 
 Sec. 24. (a) A widow shall be endowed of the third part of all the 
 lands whereof her husband was seized of an estate of .inheritance at 
 any time during the marriage. 
 
 (6) The widow of any alien who at the time of his death shall bo 
 
160 S-EW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 
 
 entitled by law to hold any real estate, if she be an inhabitant of the 
 Territory at the time of such death, shall be entitled to dower of 
 such estate in the same manner as if such alien had been a native 
 citizen. 
 
 (c) If a husband seized of an estate of inheritance in lands ex- 
 changes them for other lands, his widow shaJl not have dower of 
 both, but shall make her election to be endowed of the lands given 
 or of those taken in exchange ; and if such election be not evinced , 
 by the commencement of proceedings to recover her dower of the 
 lands given in exchange within one year after the death of her hus- 
 band, she shall be deemed to have elected to take her dower of the 
 lands received in exchange. , 
 
 (d) "When a person seized of an estate of inheritance in lands shall 
 have executed a mortgage on such estate before marriage, his widow 
 shall nevertheless be entitled to dower out of the lauds mortgaged as 
 against every person except the mortgagee and those claiming under 
 him. 
 
 (e) "Where a husband shall purchase lands during coverture, and 
 shall at the same time mortgage his estate in such lands to secure the 
 payment of the purchase-money, his widow shall not be entitled to 
 dower out of such lands, as against the mortgagee or those claiming 
 under him, although she shall not have united such mortgage ; but 
 she shall be entitled to her dower as against all other persons. 
 
 (/) Where in such case the mortgagee, or those claiming under 
 him, shall, after the death of the husband of such widow, cause the 
 land mortgaged to be sold, either under a power of sale contained in 
 the mortgage or by virtue of the decree of a court of equity, and if 
 any surplus shall remain after payment of the moneys duo on such 
 mortgage and the costs and charges of the sale, such widow shall 
 nevertheless be entitled to the interest or income of the one third 
 part of such surplus, for her life, as her dower. 
 
 (jr) A widow shall not be endowed of lands conveyed to her hus- 
 band by way of mortgage unless he acquire an absolute estate therein 
 during the marriage period. 
 
 (h) In case of divorce dissolving the marriage contract for the mis- 
 conduct of the wife, she shall not be endowed. 
 
 Passed the Senate June 18, 1884. 
 
 Attest : Anson G. McCook, Secretary. 
 
 Brigham Toung died August 29tli, 1877. He was a 
 remarkable man in many ways, although illiterate. He 
 flattered himself that he would live to the age of Moses, 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 161 
 
 as he was of a long-lived family ; but physically he was 
 not strong. He was born in Whittingham, Yermont, in 
 1801, of poor but respectable parents. While very 
 young his family removed to central New York, and at 
 a suitable age he became a painter and glazier by trade 
 at Canandaigua, and later in New York City. It was 
 his boast in his days of power, when saying that the 
 meek and poor were to inherit the kingdom of heav- 
 en, that he had been " only eleven and a half days at 
 school." In 1832, when he joined the Mormons at Kirt- 
 land, Ohio, "the gift of tongues" seemed to "fall on 
 him." He aifected to believe that Joseph Smith held 
 "the keys of Salvation;" that he was God's servant; 
 that he did not belong to the people, but to the Lord, 
 and was doing the work of the Lord ; and if he should 
 lead them astray, it was because they ought to be led 
 astray. If they were chastised or destroyed it was to 
 accomplish some righteous purpose. 
 
 Such a blind and unreasoning faith in Joseph, with 
 the abject slavery of mind and will it involves, it is 
 evident was the key to Brigham Yoimg's after life. 
 No one had the right to sit in judgment upon Joseph's 
 actions ; no one should question his successor's motives 
 or performance. Joseph, it is said, had a secret fear 
 of Brigham's power, and sent him on long missions 
 for reasons of a prudential character. During these 
 journeys, and the intercourse he had with the world, 
 his wits were sharpened, and his natural powers of in- 
 tellect were quickened by keen observation. He es- 
 tablished the first Mormon mission in England at Liver- 
 pool. He was naturally a leader, and the Mormons 
 yielded to his magnetic sway when he succeeded the 
 prophet at Nauvoo. After the estabhshment of the 
 Saints at Zion he is said to have had slight acquaint- 
 
163 NEW I.IGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 ance with tlie outside world for several yearsj and was 
 seldom seen by his people at large save on Sundays. 
 He was always occupied with affairs, and notliing in 
 public or private life of the slightest moment escaped his 
 knowledge. His residence in Salt Lake City, called the 
 " Lion House" from the figure of a crouching lion over 
 the portico, is a group of houses of unequal dimensions, 
 that has neither architectural beauty nor grace. There 
 are twenty rooms on the " living floor," with sleeping 
 rooms above, and weaving rooms, laundry, dining-room, 
 etc. , on the lower floor. H ere most of his nineteen wi ves 
 and children resided. The largest of the buildings he 
 called the " Bee Hive House." It was his official res- 
 idence. Here he had his chamhre d coiioher ; here his 
 buttons and stockings were adjusted to his satisfaction. 
 After business hours it was dilficult to determine where 
 he would be, as he was "master of his own actions." 
 The legal Mrs. Young lived at the White House, a 
 modest dwelling at a little distance from the Lion House. 
 Three favorites had each a separate establishment.* All 
 the wives were working women save Amelia, Emmeline, 
 and Mrs. Cobb Young, the last favorite and " best be- 
 loved." He wanted no " ornaments" about him, and 
 despised fashion and conventionalities. When the first 
 millinery shop was established in Salt Lake City, he 
 said it was as " terrible" to him " as an army with ban- 
 ners." His wives had none of the Chn'stian marital re- 
 lations with him. They met in the dining-room or in 
 the parlor at evening prayer, when the household col- 
 lected at the ringing of a bell ; but the greater part 
 seldom saw him elsewhere. They had no romance in 
 their lives, only hard work and the sacrifice to their 
 faith. The penalty of a scandal to a Mormon woman 
 is death, and few women have the bravery to hazard it ; 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 163 
 
 SO Brigham's wives endured the situation. His attentions 
 to his wives in public were calculated. His first wife 
 and a favorite sat on a sofa with him at all festivities. 
 The other wives found places as they pleased, although 
 he usually danced with five or six of them after he had 
 done the duty dance with Amelia, Emmeline, or " the 
 best beloved." He danced well for a man of his years, 
 and enjoyed a break-down at the close of the evening. 
 He was habitually an early-riser, and transacted a great 
 deal of business before breakfast. At nine o'clock he be- 
 gan the routine of the day in his oflice, with the assistance 
 of a private secretary. He schooled himself to settle any 
 point in once thinking of it deliberately, then gave his 
 decision, and never wished to hear of it again. From 
 ten to eleven he gave audience to apostles, Ijjshops, lead- 
 ing citizens, and sti'angers ; and not infrequently to 
 " Sisters" who had complaints to make of their hus- 
 bands. Brigham had complete control over his people. 
 He knew everything. He claimed that the Saints could 
 do nothing without his knowledge and approval, " even 
 to the ribbons a woman should wear." He assumed the 
 most vital interests in every man's affairs. The only 
 rank in Zion is the priesthood, but the " royal blood 
 of Young overtops them all," he said. His journeys 
 through the territory were processions of state. Ban- 
 ners were paraded before him bearing "Hail to Zion's 
 Chief," " God Bless Brigham Young," and other sen- 
 timents of welcome and adulation. He took his fa- 
 vorite wife with him in these triumphal visits. As a 
 preacher he was forcible and vigorous, but his language 
 was a mixture of profanity, vulgarity, bad grammar, 
 " cheap rant, and poor cant." He was ever listened to 
 attentively, as his hearers expected he would " say some- 
 thing" they were anxious to learn. The actual wealth 
 
164 KEW LIGHT OS MOEMONISM. 
 
 of this propliet will never be known. He had vast 
 tracts of land in Utah, interests in various railways, mines, 
 and manufactories, was the third largest depositor in 
 the Bank of England, and had other moneys " salted 
 away" for necessities. As he had control of the tithing, 
 and possessed unlimited credit, he could add " house to 
 house" and " field to field." He could have left imper- 
 ishable records for the care of the sick and needy behind 
 him ; but ho never founded a hospital or institution 
 worthy of mention. There never were people more 
 willing to obey than the Mormons during his adminis- 
 tration. He could have swayed them as he pleased ; and 
 if he had been a good man he had a rare opportunity 
 for proving it. In the later years of his life an English 
 tourist desypbed Brigham Young as being above tlie 
 middle height, portly in person, and as having a sensual 
 expression of couatenance. He had the look of a deter- 
 mined man and the character of an obstinate one, and, as 
 an enthusiastic admirer once said of him, '■ If he makes 
 up his mind to do a thing, all hell can't stop him." 
 The Prophet's dress was of gray homespun cloth, with 
 which he wore a black satin vest and cravat, with a 
 broad, unstarched collar turned over it. He was a para- 
 gon of neatness. He slept alone ; his life was ascetic ; 
 his favorite food baked potatoes, with buttermilk, and 
 his drink water. His followers deemed him " an angel 
 of light ; his enemies a goblin damned." His two most 
 conspicuous qualities were his selfishness and his impost- 
 nre. No mortal can estimate the dreadful influence of 
 Brigham Toung's thirty-years' rule upon the Mormons.* 
 He set them examples of robbery, perjury, open murder, 
 and secret assassination. He often preached the neces- 
 
 * Appendix No. 25. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 165 
 
 sity of murder (blood atonement) in order to save souls. 
 In 1857 Ann Eliza, his fifteenth wife, left him, and peti- 
 tioned the United States Court for a divorce, which was 
 denied on the ground that the marriage was polygamous, 
 and therefore null and void. In 1871 Brigham was in- 
 dieted for polygamy, ,but no conviction was reached 
 through the lax enforcement of the law by the United 
 States officials then in power. Besides his other ofiBces, 
 he was " Grand Archer of the Order of Danites." 
 
 He left seventy-five children, all amply provided for. 
 According to some authorities, he had thirty-six wives. 
 Dora Young, one of his numerous daughters, apostatized, 
 and declared that the first thing that opened her eyes to 
 the atrocities of Mormonism was her father's wholesale 
 perjuries. With the bravery of spirit in which this re- 
 markable man encountered every circumstance in his 
 eventful career, Brigham Toung arranged his temporal 
 affairs before making his exit from life. He ordered 
 where and how he sliould be buried. Evidently he 
 feared that some of his many victims would endeavor to 
 procure his body after death, either through motives of 
 revenge or the desire for profit, and his wishes were 
 carefully executed. His grave is in an otherwise unused 
 yard in the rear of one of his houses of residence. An 
 iron railing surrounds a flat gray stone slab, which bears 
 no inscription. The slab is said to weigh several tons, 
 and covers the vault wherein the remains of the second 
 Prophet rest, in a stone sarcophagus surrounded by sev- 
 eral outer casings that are cemented with extraordinary 
 care. After his burial there was a report that he was 
 still living, which probably arose from the fact that the 
 most ignorant and deluded of the Mormons were unwill- 
 ing to believe that Brigham Toung was mortal. There 
 are still people among the Saints who aver that their 
 
166 NEW LIGHT OS MOBMOKISM. 
 
 great Prophet is alive and dwelling somewhere in obscu- 
 rity from motives that he deems wise and prudential, and 
 that when the time arrives f Or him to reappear he will re- 
 turn to them with renewed power and glory. 
 
 His demise to the better educated of his followers, to 
 his partners in fraud and delusion, was an evident relief. 
 During his life they were merely his puppets, which he 
 swayed at his will. They accepted his policy in all 
 directions, but could carry it out in agreement with their 
 own ideas. 
 
 This man will alvays stand out as a unique character 
 in history. His mental abilities were greater than those 
 of Joseph Smith, but his personal powers of attractiveness 
 were far less. Some one has written of him as follows : 
 " Brigham Young is very human. He can button him- 
 self up to an unwelcome visitor in a style that a stranger 
 is not likely to forget ; but when he is in excellent 
 humor he is a perfect Chesterfield." He bewailed the 
 fact that there was silver and gold in the hills of Utah ; he 
 forbade his people from searching for it, and the first pros- 
 pectors who went to Utah to look for it he ordered should 
 be assassinated. He said : "If men grow rich they will 
 want fine houses and horses ; their women will want fine 
 clothes, and it will be the destruction of our holy religion. " 
 
 He called himself "the lion. of the Lord,^^ and he 
 made freedom of thought as impossible to the Mormons 
 as to idiots or slaves. In common with the elders and 
 other Mormons, Brigham was fond of talking of the 
 mysteries of his religion. Whether it is ever permitted 
 to the unsanctified to gain an insight into these ' ' mys- 
 teries' ' or no, this much is certain — the facts which are 
 hidden by the sayings and writings of the Mormons are 
 ofttimes more interesting than any, if any, which they 
 have yet disclosed. 
 
CHAPTEE XII. 
 
 John Taylor elected as successor to tlie second Prophet — The trial of 
 Kudger Clawsou for bigamy — Salt Lake City — Its beautiful location 
 — The Tabei'nacle and public buildings — Mormon conferences — 
 The freedom of the ballot in Utah — The present generation of Mor- 
 mons—The Territory of Utah — Predictions regarding the future of 
 Mormonism — Far-seeing Mormons preparing a rendezvous for the 
 victims of the Edmunds law. 
 
 When Brigliam Young died, in August, 1877, it was 
 generally believed throughout the civilized world that 
 the disintegration of Mormonism would follow that 
 event. With the removal of his iron and arbitrary rule, 
 it was supposed that there would be an independence of 
 feehng among the Saints that had not previously existed, 
 and that as railways were constructed, mines developed, 
 and industries" established, together with the influx of a 
 Gentile population, the founding of Christian schools, 
 and various institutions ander the patronage of Christian 
 missions, the whole scheme of " exclusive salvation" 
 would gradually become extinct. The fallacy of such 
 an opinion is shown by the situation of affairs in Utah at 
 the present time. Brigham Young, Jr., failing to 
 secure his father's office, John Taylor was elected as the 
 successor of the second Prophet. The office fell to 
 Taylor, but upon the shoulders of George Q. Cannon the 
 mantle of autliority really descended. 
 
 Both men have played conspicuous rdles in the history 
 of Mormonism. Both are of English birth, and emigrated 
 to this country when very young. John Taylor is adroit. 
 
168 NET^' LIGHT ON 1I0EM0NI3M. 
 
 shrewd, subtle ; is well educated, is a vigorous writer, and 
 possesses the rarest tact, or he never could have steered his 
 way through the stormy seas of Mormon experiences 
 successfully, or adapted himself to the changeful and 
 tyrannical rule of Srigham Young. He was a favorite 
 with Joseph Smith, and was with him and his brother 
 Hyrum in the jail at Carthage, 111., at the time they 
 were killed by an infuriated mob. He was then called 
 the " Apostle Taylor," and, it is said, " comforted " the 
 brothers while they were in durance vile. As he was a 
 man of marked ability, and made himself useful in many 
 ways in Utah, he was intrusted with important missions 
 by Brigham Young to distant countries, and possibly to 
 keep him from the realization of ambitious schemes at 
 home, as many other men of talent were sent by the 
 shrewd Prophet. In the year 1852 Taylor founded a 
 Mormon school in Paris called " L'Etoile du Deseret," 
 and has translated the " Book of Mormon" into French 
 and German. He has also written several books for the 
 enlightenment of the Mormons iu spiritual matters. Of 
 these is a work he calls " The Government of God," 
 which has been translated into several languages. Presi- 
 dent Taylor is now considerably over seventy years of 
 age, and has been a resident of the United States for 
 fifty years. He is tall and distinguished in his personal 
 appearance, and has the winning arts which culture and 
 travel frequently give to a man of wit. His residence in 
 Salt Lake City is called " the Gardo," a handsome house 
 that Brigham built for his favorite Amelia, and after the 
 Prophet's death was purchased as the future home for 
 Mormon presidents. It is, in fact, the " White House" 
 to the people, who look upon Taylor as their real presi- 
 dent and political as well as spiritual ruler. He has four 
 ■wives, and while on a mission in the Isle of Jersey a 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MORMONISif. 169 
 
 few years ago made proposals of polygamous marriage 
 to a pretty maiden whom he converted to Mormonism. 
 Through the preaching of Young, Taylor, and Cannon, 
 and other noted men of the .faitii, there are seventeen 
 places for Mormon meetings in London alone, and a 
 large number of Mormon missionaries scattered over 
 Great Britain. George Q. Cannon has been a resident 
 of the United States for forty years. For several years 
 he was attorney for the Mormons at "Washington, and 
 although he has four wives and four broods of children, 
 occupied a seat as delegate in Congress. Some one has 
 said of him : " He is the sweetest and most plausible soph- 
 ist on earth." When Brigham Young named him for 
 the place he said : "I will. thrust polygamy down the 
 throats. of Congressmen." Mr. Cannon's Congressional 
 record proved that his leader's opinion of him was amply 
 justified, and that the affairs of his people were adroitly 
 managed by his wily stratagems and the infiuence of his 
 honeyed speech. 
 
 Mr. Cannon has recently been appointed legal con- 
 troller and counsellor of Mormon affairs by President 
 Taylor. He is the premier of the Mormon estate, the 
 head centre of all matters concerning his people. From 
 his office at St. George he issues the commands, openly 
 or secretly, which are to direct his people. His ex- 
 pressed opinion on any given subject is an Ultima Thule 
 to the followers of Joseph, which they dare not dispute. 
 In a defence of Mormonism Mr. Camion has written : 
 " Utah has been the Cinderella of' the family of States ; 
 gi ve her a fair opportunity, and see if she will not rank 
 with all that is admirable and attractive with her more 
 favored sisters." 
 
 With the death of Brigham- Young the American 
 leadership of the Mormons was at an end, as nearly all 
 
170 NEW LIGHT ON MOKHONISM. 
 
 of their more influential men are of foreign birth. If a 
 Mormon is asked of his belief, he will show a card, pre- 
 pared for such inquiry, on which are printed the thirteen 
 most important articles of his faith ; but there is nothing 
 of polygamy included in these articles. Their belief, as 
 professed and practised, are two different things. While 
 Mormonism preaches that polygamy is the one divine in- 
 stitution required ia these latter days to regenerate and 
 sanctify a world steeped in ignorance, their articles of 
 faith, as shown to Gentiles, do not even mention it. 
 Mrs. Paddock, the author of " The Fate of Madame La 
 Tour" — a powerful story of Mormon life — and also a keen 
 observer of passing events in Utah, has recently written 
 to a friend in the East : " There have been few material 
 changes in the condition of affairs in the Territory, with 
 the exception of those resulting from the enforcement of 
 the Edmunds law. Polygamists have been disfrancliised 
 and rendered ineligible to office, but practically the old 
 men, the Mormon leaders who have controlled the affairs 
 of Utah for thirty years, have simply abdicated in favor 
 of their sons. Consequently the Territory is still under 
 Mormon rule, and the priesthood have it still in their 
 power to inflict severe punishment upon those who apos- 
 tate from the Mormon faith. This power is exercised 
 even outside of Utah towa,rd apostates. Please under- 
 stand that polygamy is not dying out. It is strengthen- 
 ing itself , enlarging its borders, and claiming fresh vic- 
 tims. "What was done openly in this direction a few 
 years ago is now done' in secret, but the effect is as bad, 
 or worse. Young girls with babes in their arms are 
 taught to endure anything rather than give the names of' 
 the fathers of their children — the men to whom they 
 have been 'sealed.' It is the man's safety that is 
 secured by such means, and his interests are to be con- 
 
NEW LIGHT OlSr MORMONISM. 171 
 
 sidered in advance of everything else. But Mormon 
 ingenuity has devised still another method by which 
 men may escape legal penalties. According to the pres- 
 ent interpretation of the law, it is the marriage ceremony 
 that constitutes the crime of bigamy ; and if this is dis- 
 pensed with, prosecution for bigamy cannot follow." 
 
 An intelligent woman, at present a member of tlie 
 Presbyterian Church, who was formerly a Mormon, lived 
 with Bishop Johnson ten years (according to her own 
 testimony) as a plural wife before she was sealed to him ; 
 and says it is a common thing in the settlements for men 
 to take plural wives without any cerem,ony whatever. 
 The condition of the women who live in polygamy is 
 not the saddest feature of the system. It is the children 
 who suffer for the sins of their parents ; who, in con- 
 sequence of the life lived by their mother, are born de- 
 formed in body as well as in soul. 
 
 " A few years ago an educated, inteUigent gentleman, a ioumalist, 
 came here from Europe, bringing his young wife with him. How such 
 people came to be entangled in the meshes of Mormonism was a 
 marvel ; but both appeared to be sincere believers in the Latter-Day 
 Gospel. Soon a strong pressure was brought to bear upon the hus- 
 band to induce him to contract a second marriage. The wife, find- 
 ing opposition in vain, at length gave her consent, and the bride was 
 brought home. A few months afterward the first wife gave birth to 
 a child. The poor babe, doomed to bear the sins of others, never 
 smiled, and never cried aloud, but always, night and day, it wept 
 silently. Even in sleep great tears forced themselves from beneath 
 its closed eyelids, and rolled over its cheeks, while its face bore the 
 expression, not of infantile grief, but of the terrible anguish that the 
 mother had endured in secret. After a few weeks it began to pine 
 away, and at length, without any visible ailment, sank into its grave. 
 
 " ' My baby died of a broken heart,' said the wretched mother. 
 ' Ever}' hour of its little life it shed the tears that I repressed before its 
 birth, and the agony that I hid in my heart killed it at last.' " * 
 
 * From " Face to Face with Mormonism," by Mrs. Joseph Cook. 
 
173 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISif. 
 
 Every Mormon lias a vote to be cast as Jolm Taylor 
 commands ; and while the leaders of the Saints observe 
 the forms of republican polity, their despotism is as abso- 
 lute in its control as any on earth. Behind the Mormon 
 creed there is a deadly menace to free government few 
 suspect. Between their preed and the Government of 
 the United States, the latter is of no account. To cir- 
 cumvent the laws and defeat justice is the aim of every 
 Mormon who is a true convert to the faith. 
 
 President Arthur has won the respect of the law-abid- 
 ing citizens of Utah by his recent reappointment of 
 Governor Eli II. Murray, and placing Judge Zane, of 
 Illinois, at the head of the Supreme Court. Judge 
 Zane's first acb was to try a polygamist, get him con- 
 victed, refuse bail, and send him to the penitentiary. 
 This polygamy case of Rudger Clawson, the son of 
 Bishop Clawson, has attracted attention throughout the 
 country. The witnesses in Clawson's defence were 
 among the most influential of the Saints. Of them was 
 John Taylor, who is said to have surprised his followers 
 by his testimony. As it bears upon polygamy, it will be 
 given in part as it was reported in the Salt Lake Tribune 
 of Saturday, October 18th, 1884, with the speech of Mr. 
 Varian, the indictment, Judge Zane's charge to the jury, 
 and the " sentence." He testified : 
 
 " I am president of the Church of Jesua Christ of Latter-Day 
 Saints ; don't know how long I have been president ; the records 
 ■would show ; am acquainted to some extent with the doctrines of the 
 church ; am acquainted with the marriage sacrament ; there is an 
 Endowment House in this city ; marriages by members of the Mor- 
 mon Church are celebrated at the Endowment House or elsewhere ; 
 couldn't say where else ; there is a doctrine of the church of plural 
 marriage most certainly ; the church does not require that when 
 members of the faith enter into plural marriage, they must go through 
 the Endowment House ; as far as I know, most of the marriages are 
 
NEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 173 
 
 not performed in the Endowment House ; I know of plural marriages 
 being jjerformed outside of the Endowment House ; can't say who 
 the parties married were ; I have no recollection of any plural mar- 
 riage taking place outside of one of the places designated ; there is no 
 place set apart specifically for performing plural marriages ; there is a 
 place set apart for marriage ceremonies ; one place is the Endowment 
 House and the other at our temples ; the Logan Temple was dedi- 
 cated this past summ-er in May ; prior to that there was but one En- 
 dowment House in the Territory ; it was in this city ; there was a 
 temple at St. George ; there were no others ; prior to May last there 
 were no other places set apart for the performance of marriage cere- 
 monies than St. George and this city ; St. George is in Washington 
 County ; the church recognizes other places where plural marriages 
 may be performed outside of endowment houses and temples, under 
 certain circumstances ; can't say what those circumstances are ; if a 
 man and woman were living in this city who desired to enter plural 
 marriage, they would not necessarily have to be married in the En ■ 
 dowment House ; if they desired to marry outside of the city, they 
 would have to have a dispensation for the performance of the act, 
 but not for a specific place ; I give the authority to marry in all 
 eases ; persons that I might appoint might also confer that authority ; 
 I have conferred that authority in the past three years on Joseph F. 
 Smith, George Q. Cannon, and others ; I don't remember what others 
 at present ; this authority would be a general one till rescinded ; I 
 cannot give the names of the priests authorized to perform these 
 plural marriages within the past three years ; can't give any of 
 them ; I could give you hundreds of names of parties in this Terri- 
 tory who have the authority ; there are no records kept of these ap- 
 pointments ; I don't know who all these parties are ; there are parties 
 whom I do not know whether they are authorized or not ; I cannot 
 give you the names of parties who were authorized to perform the 
 marriage ceremonies in the Endowment House in 1883 ; I might as- 
 certain the names, if there is a record of marriages kept ; if I v/anted 
 to find out where the records were I might be able to find them ; I 
 don't- think I will be good enough to look for the records for you ; I 
 don't know anything about the record ; I can't tell you who the cus- 
 todian of the records is ; I don' t think I ever saw the marriage record ; 
 I have never given any direction as to the custody of the record ; 
 can't say that I ever made inquiry as to the whereabouts of the 
 record ; have never been told who the custodian of the record was ; 
 don't know whether in 1883 Angus Cannon or Ellas Smith were cus- 
 todians of the record ; I do not know whether there is any regulation 
 
174 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 of the ohuroli in regard to tlie records ; no one who has not had the 
 authority conferred on him can celebrate marriage ; ti number of 
 others besides myself can confer this authority ; I am the only one 
 having the authority ; I can't give you the names of parties in this 
 city authorized to perform plural marriage ; the ceremony of ma,rriage 
 is secret as to some ; with the exception of those present taking part 
 in the ceremony and the contracting parties, it is not necessarily a 
 secret ceremony ; there might be a, great many others in whom the 
 church had confidence, who would have a right to attend ; the par- 
 ties present at such a marriage are not sworn to secrecy, not that I 
 know of." 
 
 " What is the ceremony of plural marriage ?' ' 
 
 " I decline to answer the question." 
 
 Mr. Yarian, in his Bpeecli in behalf of the prosecution, 
 made a number of telling points relating to the Mormon 
 hierarchy. In substance he said : 
 
 " That the Government had again been brought face to face with 
 the Mormon Church. There had been many violations of the law of 
 1862, but there had been few prosecutions. The reasons for this 
 were apparent to men who resided in the community. For years the 
 dominant church had arrayed itself in one particular against the law 
 of the land, holding that the Constitution of this country guaranteed 
 religious liberty to every man. This church has not only set itself 
 against the laws, but against the decisions of the Federal courtSF 
 claiming to be governed by a higher law than human law ; forgetting 
 that it had its very existence from the Government ; that the very 
 land upon which were built its temples and its tabernacles ; that the 
 very fields from which it drew its tithing fund ; that the very ex- 
 penses which enables it to carry on its local government, in great 
 part, at least, had fallen from the munificent hand of the Government. 
 
 " It was at first claimed that polygamy was a tenet of the faith, and 
 upon that ground claimed protection for their religious belief under 
 the Constitution. On that issue it went to the country, and the% 
 courts and the United States Supreme Court in the Miles ease said un- 
 mistakably that no such article of faith could claim protection under 
 the Constitution of the country. 
 
 " KecoUecting that the practice of polygamy was said to be en- 
 joined by God, it would appear that if obedience was required to the 
 law of God, that the same obedience v/ould require a submission to 
 the consequences. If martyrdom was to be invoked, martyrdom 
 
NEW LIGHT ON SIORMONISM. 175 
 
 • 
 
 ought to be endured. It was not the history of martyrs, when called 
 upon to suffer for their faith or belief, to seek to defeat the adminis- 
 tration of law by acts of concealment, by denial and evasion, and by 
 equivocation and fraud. The spectacle presented here was that, of an 
 organized community, an organized religious society, teaching from 
 its pulpit and press that polygamy was right and commanded of 
 God ; that the Supremo Court of the United States was not the final 
 arbiter of the laws of the country, notwithstanding the Constitution 
 has said that it shall be. 
 
 " In this case the prosecution had called many witnesses, it might 
 ssem to the jury unnecessarily. But there was a reason for it. The 
 heads of the church, those prominent in authority, the bishops and 
 elders, as well as the immediate relatives on all sides of the defend- 
 ant, had been brought in for the purpose of exhibiting to the court 
 something of the difficulty and the reason of its existence, in carrying 
 on a prosecution in this community against a member of this church. 
 The prosecution wanted to show to the jury directly if they could, 
 indirectly if they could not, that although it was enjoined upon this 
 people publicly at their meetings and in their tabernacles to live 
 their religion, yet that command was only to be carried out in 
 secrecy, that it was to be enshrouded in the darkness of night, that 
 no one connected with the ceremony must know of his neighbor, 
 that no one connected with the ceremony must allow his right hand 
 to know what his left hand did. 
 
 " No one from President Taylor .down has been able to tell any- 
 thing about" a record being kept of marriages performed in the 
 church. Such an utter absence of memory, such an utter mental 
 void, such absolute forgetfulness was perhaps never before exhibited 
 in a court of justice. ' I do not remember,' 'I do not recollect,' ' I 
 think there must be such a record, but I do not know where it is,' ' I 
 do not dare to inform myself,' ' I wiU not be good enough to inform 
 myself ' — these and similar expressions fell from the mouths of the 
 witnesses ; and he submitted to the jury that, as they looked over 
 the case and reviewed it in their minds, all this must plainly show to 
 'them that there was an organized effort, an organized system directed 
 in its objects to frustrate and defeat the administration of justice. 
 There'WaS=-&-forgetfulness which was guilty in its origin and concep- 
 tion, and a man could as easily commit perjury by saying he did not 
 remember or he did not recollect, as he could by af&rming a negative 
 to a fact. In a celebrated trial in England a witness baffled all the 
 efforts of Lord Brougham to elicit the facts in the case by simply 
 responding to all questions, ' I don't remember,' and for years after 
 
176 NEW LIGHT ON MORjMONISlT. 
 
 • 
 
 the words ' I don't remember ' passed in tlie households of England 
 as a synonym for fraud and perjury. 
 
 " The prosecution had been charged with excessive zealousness. 
 He failed to see it in this case, but took the opportunity of saying, in 
 behalf of the office he represented, that they- purposed manifesting in 
 all these cases all the zeal that the cases would warrant, until they 
 could establish the law here as it was written on the statute books. 
 
 " This case against the defendant stood before the jury on two 
 charges— one that of unlawful marriage and the other that of unlawful 
 cohabitatio'n. He directed the attention of the jury to the first of 
 the two charges, stating that such a charge could be substantiated as 
 well by circumstantial as by direct evidence. No witness saw the 
 marriage performed, there was no record produced because none was 
 kept, and nothing but circumstances and admissions could establish 
 the guilt of the defendant. It was not to be supposed that defendant 
 in entering into this illegal relationship would publish it to the 
 world. The admissions of defendant make the strongest kind of evi- 
 dence, and when corroborated, as they are in this case, are entitled to 
 great weight. 
 
 " It is not disputed that defendant married Florence Dinwoodey 
 for a first wife in August, 1882, and it is alleged that he married Lydia 
 Spencer some time during the following year. Defendant was a, 
 member of the Mormon Church in good fellowship, his father was 
 and is a bishop, and his family are all followers of the faith. The 
 first that is known of defendant's connection with Lydia Spencer is 
 her coming to Spencer Clawson's store, where defendant was em- 
 ployed. She moves to a house on Third South Street, and lives there 
 in a bedroom and kjtehen alone. Defendant is seen going and leav- 
 ing there a great number of times. Connect the visits of defendant 
 to Lydia Spencer in the Tenth Ward, his visits with her to the 
 theatre and Tabernacle, his drawing water for her in midday a 
 number of times, her moving to defendant's house in the Eight- 
 eenth Ward, her dining and living there as a wife would, her join- 
 ing the Eighteenth Ward Mutual Improvement Association under 
 the name of Lillie Clawson the night defendant did, and a chain of 
 circumstances is linked together, whose strength cannot be disputed. 
 Then after defendant was indicted Lydia Spencer moves to Mrs. 
 Smith's house on West Temple Street, where defendant visited her a 
 number of times, and had access by a back door. Lydia Spencer, 
 who, above all persons on earth, ought to have an interest in the 
 matter in protecting her fair name, has disappeared so utterly that 
 no one appears to know where she has gone. She has gone where 
 
NEW LIGHT OX MOKIIOITISM. 177 
 
 the woodbine twineth, but will ' bob np serenely' when the jury has 
 brought in its verdict and the case is concluded. Even her own 
 mother does not appear to know where she ia or when she will return. 
 The mother of defendant's first wife has also mysteriously disap- 
 peared. Mrs. Margaret Clawson, the mother of defendant, has also 
 dropped out of existence in a miraculous manner, she who is inter- 
 ested above all others in maintaining her son's fair name. These are 
 all small circumstances, but they are sufficient to oast upon the de- 
 fendant the burden of explaining them away. 
 
 "Now, as to the admissions of defendant. Tou saw Mr. Caine on 
 the stand. He could have no motive to attack the people of his faith 
 or his ancestry. His father to-day represents this people in Congress. 
 He is positive that defendant admitted to him that Lydia Spencer 
 was his second wife. Throe witnesses are brought forward to contra- 
 dict Mr. Caine, and these are the only three witnesses for the de- 
 fence. Instead of the defence bringing witnesses to contradict the 
 marriage, they bring forward three men to impeach Caine's testi- 
 mony. These witnesses were all witnesses for the prosecution, and 
 were asked whether they had ever heard the matter of defendant's 
 marriage to Lydia Spencer mentioned in defendant's presence, and 
 they all answered no. The witness Lund remembered no conversa- 
 tion about defendant acknowledging Lydia Spencer as his second 
 wife, and yet when he was put on the stand as a witness for the de- 
 fence, he remembers clearly a conversation on the subject had in 
 April, 1883. 
 
 " His memory was refreshed by reading Mr. Caine's testimony the 
 day before he testified the first time, and yet when he testified the 
 first time he remembered nothing about it. This witness slunk out 
 of the court-room when he had finished testifying, as though the 
 burden of his infamy would crush him to the ground. 
 
 " The next witness brought to impeach Mr. Caine was Orson Eod- 
 gers, and he was another of the gibbering idiots who knew nothing. 
 K. V. Decker was the third and last witness brought to impeach Mr. 
 Caine. I ask you whether this evidence for the defence did not 
 strengthen Mr. Caine'' s testimony? 
 
 " When these circumstances are woven together they make a case 
 concerning which there can be no reasonable doubt. It was to the 
 speaker's mind a rather solemn occasi^ than otherwise, for never 
 before had the exact condition of affairs here been brought home so 
 forcibly to his mind. I now direct your attention to the question of 
 jurisdiction — that ia, as to whether the second marriage was per- 
 formed within the jurisdiction of this court. If the marriage had not 
 
178 NEW LIGHT ON MOEilONlSM. 
 
 taken place in the counties over wliioli this court had jurisdiction, 
 the defendant might easily have proved this by the testimony of per- 
 sons other than himself. A prima facie case having been made out 
 by the prosecution, and there being no explanation by the defence, 
 the jury is to presume that the marriage took place within the juris- 
 diction. Defendant was employed at the Z. C. M. I. prior to Decem- 
 ber, 1882, and being a private corresponding clerk, it is testified to 
 that he was there continuously. After January, 1883, the testimony 
 shows that the defendant was not absent from town one day up to 
 the time of his indictment. It was about January, 1883, that Lydia 
 Spencer' s connection with defendant is first shown. As book-keeper 
 of Spencer Clawson, the entries on the book show conclusively that 
 he was within this jurisdiction for the past two years. The jury 
 would be warranted in presuming from the circumstances the fact 
 that defendant was not absent from the jurisdiction, and that the 
 second marriage took place within it. 
 
 " The defendant is a young man, standing upon the threshold of 
 life. If he went into the marriage relation under the laws of the 
 church, he knew what would follow the results of his act. Had he 
 reflected, he would have seen that civilization was coming westward 
 and that the time was coming when the law would rise up in its 
 majesty and be vindicated. He would have known that when the 
 conscience of the American people was pricked, as it was when slavery 
 was dominant, that this government would rise up in its glory and 
 crush out all opposition to its laws. Had he reflected, he must have 
 known that the laws of this country are supreme, and that all church 
 laws in conflict with it must sooner or later become nugatory and of 
 no effect. _The defendant must suffer for the consequences of hia 
 own act." 
 
 VEEBATIM EEPOET. 
 
 By the Court. Mr. Clawson, will you stand up ? 
 
 The defendant rises to his feet. 
 
 By the Court. You were indicted in this court upon an indictment 
 charging that you have been guilty of polygamy on the dates charged 
 thereon, by marrying Lydia Spencer, while your former wife, Florence 
 Ann Clawson, was still living. In the second count of that indict- 
 ment you were charged witff unlawfully cohabiting with two women, 
 Florence Ann Clawson and Lydia Spencer. To that indictment you 
 entered a plea of not guilty, and a jury was sworn to try the issue ; 
 and after hearing the evidence, and the arguments of counsel, you 
 were found guilty upon both charges. 
 
NEAV LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 179 
 
 Have you any further legal cause to show why judgment should not 
 be pronounced against you ? 
 
 By ihe Defendant. Your Honor, since the jury that recently sat on 
 my case have seen proper to find a verdict of guilty, I have only this 
 to say, why judgment should not be pronounced against me. I may 
 muoli regret that the laws of my country should come in contact with 
 the laws of God ; but whenever they do I shall invariably choose the 
 latter. If I did not so express myself I should feel myself unworthy 
 of the cause that I represent. 
 
 The Constitution of the United States expressly states that Con- 
 gress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or 
 prohibiting the free exercise thereof. It cannot be denied that mar- 
 riage, when attended and sanctioned by religious rites and ceremo- 
 nies, is the establishment of religion. 
 
 The law of 1862 and the Edmunds Bill were expressly designed to 
 operate against marriage, as practised and believed in by the Latter- 
 Day Saints. They are, therefore, unconstitutional, and cannot com- 
 mand the same respect that a constitutional law would. That is all 
 I desire to say, your Honor. 
 
 By the Court. The Constitution of the United States, as construed 
 by the Supreme Court and by the authors of that instrument, does 
 not protect any person in the practice of polygamy. While all men 
 have a right to worship God according to the dictates of their own 
 consciences, and to entertain any religious belief that their con- 
 science, reason, and judgment dictate, they have not the right to 
 engage in a practice which the American people, through the laws of 
 their country, declare to be unlawful and injurious to society. 
 
 There have been among barbarous and superstitious people vari- 
 ous conditions of men and women, with respect to each other ; and 
 different -classes of unions have been recognized. Promisouit}', the 
 intercourse of the sexes without any definite relations ; polyandry, 
 one wife and many husban ds, or more than one husband ; and polyg- 
 amy, one husband and many wives, or more than one wife ; and also 
 monogamy, one wife and one hasband. This last union has emerged 
 with civilization from barbarism and superstition, and it is the insti- 
 tution of marriage that exists throughout the whole civilized world. 
 It is the institution which that infinite source that manifests all 
 things has manifested as the natural and true union to exist between 
 men and women in civilized society. This marriage elevates women 
 to an equality with men, so far as their different organizations will 
 permit ; it recognizes the great principle which lies at the foundation 
 of all justice and all equity — equality. No just government on earth 
 
180 NEW LIGHT OIT MOKMONISM. 
 
 can stand wMeli permits any violation of this great piinoiple of 
 equality, upon which all just laws must rest at last. This union ele- 
 vates woman, places her upon the high plane beside man, and in its 
 light I believe that man and woman will ascend to the glorious 
 future, will climb the hills of progress, through all time, side by side. 
 
 This belief that polygamy is right the civilized world recognizes as 
 a mere superstition ; it is one of those superstitions which, honestly 
 believed in in the past, have done infinite injury — one of those relig- 
 ious superstitions whose pathway has been lit by the fagot, and red 
 with the blood of innocent people. The American people, through 
 their laws, have pronounced polygamy a crime, and the court must 
 execute that law. In fixing this punishment the statute gives the 
 court a wide discretion. It provides, among other things, that a per- 
 son found guilty of polygamy shall be panished by a fine of not more 
 than five hundred dollars and by imprisonment for a term of not 
 more than five years ; and for the crime deso;:ibed in the second 
 court upon which you were found guilty, it provides that a person 
 shall be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred dollars or 
 by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both said pun- 
 ishments, in the discretion of the court. From these provisions it is 
 apparent that the great object of the law was to protect the institu- 
 tion of marriage as recognized by law, the marriage of one woman to 
 one man. And the court, in fixing the punishment, must not only 
 take into consideration the consequences of the sentence to you and 
 to your family, but to society. 
 
 The great object of punishment applied to crimes is to deter other 
 people from committing like offences, and protect society from the 
 evils resulting from the crime ; and with that in view the court must 
 fix the punishment, where it has the discretion. The court, how- 
 ever, looks at the circumstances, and where the crime is aggravated 
 the punishment is usually greater, and should be more severe ; and 
 where there are palliating circumstances the punishment should be 
 less. In your case there is one circumstance, probably, that should 
 be taken into consideration. You have been taught, as it seems, and 
 I presume it to be true, by your ancestors, or by those from whom 
 you received religious instructions, that polygamy was right ; and 
 those who taught you are, probably, to some extent almost as much 
 to blame as you, although they could not be punished, because they 
 have committed no overt act that could be proved ; no such act as 
 they could be punished for. That, of course, should be taken into 
 account. But you are an intelligent man, over thirty years of age, 
 I believe. ' 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEilOSTISM. 181 
 
 Clawson. No, sir. 
 
 Court. I am mistaken, then. I understood some witness to so 
 testify. What is your age ? 
 
 Clawson. Twenty-seven. 
 
 Court. I was mistaken then. I probably misunderstood the wit- 
 ness. You probably were between twenty-four and twenty-fire when 
 the offence was committed f 
 
 Clawson. As charged. 
 
 Court. As charged in the indictment. 
 
 Clawson,. ¥es, sir. 
 
 Court. You unquestionably knew of the existence of this law ? 
 
 Clawson. Yes, sir. 
 
 The Court Continued. And ■understood it, and you deliberately vio- 
 lated it. You violated it also with the understanding, as you say, 
 that you had a right to do it, because there was a higher law, as you 
 claimed, by which you govern your conduct. That being so, it makes 
 the case aggravated. 
 
 You deliberately violated a law of your country, knowing the con- 
 sequences and the effects. And there is another thing to be taken 
 into consideration in fixing this punishment, the object being to 
 prevent the crime. As yoa state, and, as I presume from the evi- 
 dence in the case it is true, there is a class —a large class — of persons 
 in this district, in this Territory, and probably many in others, who 
 claim that it is right to violate the law. The object of the law is to 
 prevent it, and it is the duty of the court 'to so fix the punishment as 
 that it will be most likely to prevent other persons from committing 
 like offences against society. 
 
 The institution of marriage is one of the most important to society 
 of any that exist. When free love, polygamy, or any other cystem 
 shall be substituted for the monogamic marriage, then this great 
 social fabric, which is now protected by law, will probably be crum- 
 bling about us ; and chastity, virtue, and decency will fall with it, in 
 my judgment. And that seems to be the judgment of the American 
 people and of the whole civilized world ; because, I believe, polyg- 
 amy is not lawful in any divilized government on the globe. For the 
 purpose of protecting society, therefore, and protecting this institu- 
 tion, which is of such great interest and importance to society, the 
 court must fix the punishment so that it will be likely to prevent its 
 recuri'ence. 
 
 The law provides, in the case of polygamy, for a fine not to exceed 
 five hundred dollars, and for imprisonment not exceeding five years. 
 I confess that I should have been inclined to have fixed this punish- 
 
182 KEW LIGHT ON MOU-MONISM. 
 
 menfc at less than I shall, were it not for the fact that you openly 
 declare that you believe it is right to violate this law. I shall there- 
 fore fix your punishment in the case of polygamy on the first count 
 at a fine of five hundred dollars, and imprisonment for the term of 
 three years and six months, and on the last count, for unlawful co- 
 habitation, I will fix your fine at three hundred dollars and yoiar im- 
 prisonment at six months. Judgment will be entered by the clerk 
 accordingly. I wish to add one more remark to the judgment, which 
 is that the imprisonment on the last count of the indictment will 
 begin at the termination of the imprisonment of the first. 
 
 Judge Zane read the following cliarge to the jury in 
 tlie Eudger Clawson case : 
 
 Gentlemen oi" the Jub¥ : The court charges you that the laws of 
 the United States of America in force in this Territory, declare that 
 every person who has a wife living and marries another is guilty of 
 polygamy ; and that the first count of the indictment upon which 
 the defendant stands charged states that on the first day of August, 
 1882, he married Florence Ann Dinwoodey, with whom he is still 
 living as his wife, and from whom he has not been divorced ; and 
 that afterward and on the 1st day of July, 1883, he married Lydia 
 Spencer in this, the Third Judicial District of the Territory of Utah. 
 To this count the defendant has j)leaded not guilty. The court fur- 
 ther charges you that the law presumes the defendant innocent until 
 he is proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. It is not necessary 
 that the evidence should show that the marriages charged actually 
 occarred on the days therein named. There is no dispute in the evi- 
 dence with respect to the marriage of the defendant to Florence Ann 
 Dinwoodey, and the real contention is as to the charge that he mar- 
 ried Lydia Spencer, and that such marriage was in this judicial dis- 
 trict. To prove this marriage, admissions of the defendant and oir. 
 cumstances are relied upon. The coart further charges you that 
 admissions and declarations of the defendant hastilj' made are enti- 
 tled to but little weight ; but when deliberately made and precisely 
 identified, they should receive great weight. You should not look at 
 the circumstances in evidence separately, but should consider them 
 with respect to the fact to be proven, and with respect to each other, 
 and should endeavor to discern their connections, their coincidences, 
 and their disagreements, if such they may present, and so consider- 
 ing them together, give them such weight as in your best judgment 
 they may be entitled to. If you can reconcile the evidence before 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISlf. 183 
 
 you upon any reasonable hypothesis consistent with the innooenoo 
 of the defendant, it is your duty to do so. 
 
 "With respect to the second count of the indictment, the court in- 
 structs you to find the defendant not guilty on that count. The 
 court further charges you that a reasonable doubt is one based upon 
 reason, and such doubt must be reasonable in view of all the evi- 
 dence. And if, after an impartial and careful consideration of all the 
 evidence in this case, you can candidly say that you are not satisfied 
 of the existence of any fact essential to the defendant's guilt you 
 have a reasonable doubt, and in that case you should find the defend- 
 ant not guilty upon the first count of the indictment also. But if 
 after a candid and careful consideration of all the evidence you have 
 such an abiding conviction of the defendant' s guilt that you would 
 be willing to act upon it in the more weighty matters relating to your 
 own affairs, you have no reasonable doubt. And if you should be so 
 satisfied of the defendant's guilt you should find him guilty. 
 
 Gentlemen, you are the sole judges of the credibility of the wit- 
 nesses, of the weight of the evidence, and of the facts. Tou should 
 diligently investigate and carefully oonsid'er all the evidence before 
 you together, and give it sach weight as you may believe it entitled 
 to when so considered. But if you shall believe that any witness or 
 witnesses have wilfully sworn falsely to any fact material in this 
 case, you are at liberty to wholly disregard the testimony of such 
 witness or witnesses, except so far as they may be corroborated by 
 other trustworthy evidence. 
 
 The court charges you with respect to the form of your verdict, 
 that if you find the defendant guilty of polygamy, as charged in the 
 first count of the indictment, the form of your verdict will be, " The 
 jury find the defendant guilty on the first count of the indictment." 
 
 If you find the defendant not guilty on the first count of the in- 
 dictment, the form of your verdict will be, " The jury find the de- 
 fendant not guilty." 
 
 THE FOEMAL SENTENCE. 
 
 The following sentence was then entered of record by 
 the clerk of the court : 
 
 United States v. Kudger Clawson. Polygamy and unlawful cohabi- 
 tation. 
 This being the time fixed by the court for passing its sentence 
 
 herein, and the defendant, with his counsel, Bennett, Harknes.s & 
 
184 NEW LIGHT OIT ifOEMONISM. 
 
 Kirkpatriok, being present and having filed no motion for a new 
 trial, and declining to move for a, new trial, and the defendant 
 being requested to state if there bo any reason, why the sentence of 
 the court should not be passed upon him, and no cause being shown 
 for stay of sentence, it is by the court ordered, adjudged, and de. 
 creed that you, Eudger Clawson, on the first count of the indictment 
 and the conviction had for polygamy, do forfeit and pay to the 
 United States the sum of five hundred dollars, and that you be con- 
 fined and imprisoned in the Utah Penitentiary upon said first count 
 for the term of three years and six months. 
 
 And it is further adjudged and decreed that, pursuant to the con- 
 viction had under the second count of the indictment against you, 
 the defendant, Eudger Clawson, for the crime of unlawful cohabita- 
 tion, that you do forfeit and pay to the said United States the further 
 sum of three hundred dollars ; and further, that you, the said defend- 
 ant, be confined and imprisoned in the Utah Penitentiary the fur- 
 ther time of six months. 
 
 And it is further adjudged and decreed that you, the said Kudger 
 Clawson, be detained and confined, by the oificer in charge of said 
 penitentiary, until the above imposed fines be paid and satisfied; 
 
 With such evidence concerning the Clawson trial it 
 would suggest that the beginning of the end of Mormon 
 hierarchy had arrived ; but as evidence to the contrary it 
 is stated, on reliable authority, that the Mormons in 
 Idaho at a recent election were ordered by G-eorge Q. 
 Cannon . to vote for a certain candidate for Congress. 
 Mr. Cannon did not leave his office, but his order was 
 faithfully carried out. The Mormons in Idaho voted 
 as a unit for his man. 
 
 The converts to Mormonism throughout the world at 
 the present time number about 200,000. Of the 150,000 
 people in Utah are 120,000 Mormons, and .of these 
 12,000 are polygamists. A distinguished son of Mormon 
 parentage, but who is not himself a believer, makes the 
 statement that a Mormon's practice of polygamy depends 
 on his ability to support plurality of wives. Long ago 
 the hive swarmed, and to-day hold the balance of power 
 
NEW LIGHT ON" MORMONISM. 185 
 
 in Idaho and Arizona, and are rapidly peopling Wash- 
 ington, Montana, and Wyoming .Territories, as well as 
 Colorado and New Mexico. While this people profess 
 to observe the forms of a republican government, the 
 despotism of its leaders is as absolute in its control at the 
 present time as it has ever been, and is greater than any 
 other despotism on earth. That such an institution has 
 been able to maintain itself in the very heart of a free 
 country, and to steadily increase in power and wealth, is 
 one of the problems of the age. Polygamy is considered 
 by many persons to be the most objectionable feature of 
 Mormonisni, forgetting that its creed is a deadly menace 
 to free government, and that it preaches a celestial king- 
 dom of God, and the kingdom of God on earth, the 
 latter meaning that the whole earth is to be subjugated 
 to Mormon rule. The only allegiance given by the 
 Saints is to their church and chiefs. Between their 
 creed and the Government of the United States the latter 
 is nothing. The Mormonism of to-day has been de- 
 scribed as " a combination of a limited number of knaves 
 pretending- to have a sanction for their rule from the 
 Most High to exercise boundless dominion over a multi- 
 tude of dupes, who sabrait to their despotism as to the 
 commands of God. Suppose, says the same author, that 
 a set of low, shrewd, sleek, uneducated Yankees, escaped 
 from the jails of the region in which they were born, and 
 dismissed with scorn by the inhabitants of the Western 
 States to which they may have emigrated, should gratify 
 their peculiar tastes and inclinations by instituting a new 
 religion which should justify their crimes, and that they 
 should entice a great number of unchristiaaized and un- 
 civilized fools and fanatics to submit to their dictation ; 
 suppose all these seemingly improbable facts, and you have 
 Mormonism in its central idea. It can have no develop- 
 
180 NFAY LIGHT ON" ilOKMOXISM. 
 
 ment which is not essentially brutish, vulgarity being at the 
 very heart of its animal creed and constitution, however 
 much these may have been varnished over by superficial 
 tourists, wlio merely observe them from the outside." 
 There are more polygamists now than ever, and the 
 obnoxious doctrines are more openly and defiantly 
 preached. But one conviction has been had for polyg' 
 amy under the statutes in twenty years. In a word, the 
 Mormons of to-day are cursing the Stars and Stripes. 
 They are obedient to John Taylor, as they were to 
 Joseph Smith ; they break the laws and defy the govern- 
 ment, accepting polygamy as a revelation from a just 
 God. It is known that the people of this faith are 
 ready for any anticipated emergency. Most of them, if 
 not all, keep fire-arms in their dwellings, in the use of 
 which they are trained experts. Some of the observers 
 of the situation in Utah predict a civil war without our 
 government defends its authority and punishes treason as 
 it deserves, while others aflirm that the Mormon leaders 
 are too sagacious to allow their affairs to lead to such an 
 issue. 
 
 The converts to Mormonism are either cranks or per- 
 sons of shght education, who listen to the stories of "a 
 land flowing with milk and honey," to which they must 
 flee for salvation, with delight. The missionaries are 
 not, many of them, educated men, but are familiar with 
 the Bible from end to end. Brigham Young said that 
 he did not require college graduates, but could take a 
 youth who had cut wood and killed bears among the hills 
 and send him on a mission, and he would come back a 
 man. No one can refuse a mission, although it has fre- 
 quently been a place of exile for the too inquiring, too 
 ambitious, and too knowing. Dissipated young men 
 have been sent oil, and i-eturned quite reformed. The 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 187 
 
 indifferent and doiibting Lave also been sent, and came 
 home extreme fanatics in their belief. The Mormon 
 missionary starts out without purse or scrip. He is 
 forced to be on his good behavior, as he is a professional 
 beggar, and breaks bread with the stranger. He tlms 
 gains an admittance into households, and Avorks iipon 
 the susceptibilities of women, wherein lies a more as- 
 sured success than if he lodged in hotels. But without 
 visible means they live well, and dress well, and travel 
 luxuriously. They have never been known to starve. 
 Of the three hundred of them now out, one hundred are 
 preaching in the Southern States, where in recent years 
 they have made many converts. The other two hundred 
 Mormon missionaries are scattering the seeds of their 
 horrible doctrines over the broad world. A convert in 
 his first year's residence must give one tenth of his time, 
 one tenth of what he raises, and one tenth of his posses- 
 sions on his arrival, even if he have no money. This 
 payment of tithes is an onerous burden to the Mormons, 
 who, in spite of all reports, are taxed to an exasperating 
 degree. They cannot evade this tithing, yet the roads 
 and bridges are not in good order, and there is not a 
 hospital in Utah. The only decent school building in 
 the territory is the University of Beseret. The Gentiles 
 are taxed to support Mormon schools, which their chil- 
 dren do not attend, where the hymns and prayers are 
 Mormon, as well as the teachers. Brigham Young de- 
 nounced colleges, yet sent one of his sons to Cornell Uni- 
 versity, one to the University of Michigan, and another 
 to West Point. The latter, when asked if his oath of 
 alleg-iance to the government brought him in conflict with 
 the commands of John Taylor, which he would obey, 
 without hesitation answered he would obey John Taylor. 
 Salt Lake City has a population of from twenty to 
 
188 NEW LIGHT ON JIOEMONISII. 
 
 twenty-five thousand. It is situated on the east bank 
 of the Jordan, a short river which connects Lake 
 Utah with the great Salt Lake, eleven miles distant. The 
 location is at once beautiful and picturesque, with the 
 grand snow-capped Wahsateh Mountains on the east, the 
 valley of the Jordan on the south and west, while in the 
 distance are other ranges of mountains. It is the metro- 
 polis of Utah^ " the chief city of Zion," " the habitation 
 of the Saints," " the grand centre of the kingdom of 
 God," " the city of prediction, beautiful for situation, 
 and the joy of the whole earth." The streets are one 
 hundred and thirty-seven feet wide, and the blocks forty 
 rods square. Water is conveyed along the streets for 
 irrigation and other purposes, and the shade and fruit 
 trees render it conspicuous from the country at large. 
 The site covers nine thousand acres, not more than one 
 fourth of which is occupied. Fort Douglas is situated on 
 one of the heights overlooking the city, where several 
 regiments of United States troops are stationed, under 
 command of Federal officers. The climate is clear and 
 drj, rain seldom falls, and the air is delightfully cool and 
 invigorating. Its railway facilities with the East give 
 the residents the comforts and luxuries of modern civili- 
 zation, and yet it is unlike all other cities, with its half- 
 finished temple, which has already cost two millions of 
 dollars, its Tabernacle for summer worship— there is no 
 method of heating it — its Endowment Plouse, Tithing 
 Office, and its other places for Mormon services and resi- 
 dence. One hundred thousand dollars is annually col- 
 lected from tithes. The city is lighted by gas, and has 
 six miles of street railway. It is a very gay city, as the 
 Mormons are not only fond of public amusements, but of 
 all manner of social festivities and dancing. Their public 
 balls sometimes last from twelve to fourteen hours. The 
 
IfEW MGHT OJSr MORIIONISII. 189 
 
 women are given to fine dress and the fripperies of fash- 
 ion, and are as fond of the elegant accessories which make 
 life pleasant as their Gentile sisters. Their advance in 
 such indulgences has been remarkable since Brigham 
 harangued against the follies of women. 
 
 There is a Territorial Library, a City and a Masonic 
 Library ; a museum of the productions and curiosities of 
 the region ; three daily and weekly newspapers, a weekly 
 in the Scandinavian tongue, and some minor periodicals. 
 The City Hall cost $70,000. The Tabernacle has a 
 costly organ, which is the second largest in the United 
 States, and it will seat eight thousand persons.* There 
 are Mason and Odd Fellows' halls, theatres, several ho- 
 tels. Episcopalian, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Catholic 
 churches, and a Jewish synagogue. The immense co- 
 operative store is a Mormon institution. 
 
 The Endowment House has its peculiar rites. Here 
 the Mormons are " sealed for time and eternity" in 
 " celestial marriage," and here one day in the week 
 there is an all-day performance, when " each Mormon is 
 invested with the Adamic costume (a garment made all 
 in one piece, high-necked and with long sleeves), and 
 receives grips, tokens, and new names. If living and 
 dying he wears this garment, and does not forget the 
 grips and the name, he is sure of heaven whatever may 
 befall him. A sacred drama forms a part of the ceremo- 
 nies. The man who plays the pcvrt of the devil therein 
 is also janitor of the Tabernacle, passes the bread and 
 
 * Oscar Wilde, in describing tlie Tabernacle, remarked that at a dis- 
 tance it resembles a copper kettle turned upside down. The huge 
 domes rest on columns between which are doors, in its whole circum- 
 ference, that in warm weather can all be opened. The building is 
 only used in summer, and is sometifnes celled " The Bowerie' ' for that 
 reason. 
 
190 KEW LIGHT OS MOKMONISM. 
 
 wine at the celebration of the Lord's Supper, and leads 
 an orchestra in the chnrch theatre." The Endowment 
 House rites are a kind of bastard Masonry instituted by 
 Joseph Smitli at Nauvoo. There is the Aaronie grip, 
 and the grip of Melchisedec. There is the oath of 
 vengeance against the Dnited States Government for the 
 death of Joseph Smith and his brother Hiram (or Hy- 
 rum, as it is usually spelled), and the oath of implicit 
 obedience to the priesthood. It is impossible with these 
 oaths that loyalty to the government should exist. A 
 remarkable resemblance has been pointed out between 
 the ceremonies in the Eleusinia, a festival among the 
 Cretans, and the mysteries of the Endowment House, as 
 they are represented by some of the historians of Mor- 
 monism. 
 
 Ecclesiastically the city is divided into twenty wards, 
 over which is a bishop and two councillors. These are 
 men who " do as they are told, and see that the Saints pay 
 their tithing regularly." In each ward the bishop holds 
 a meeting every Sunday night. Under this divisional 
 supervision the city, if twenty times larger, would be 
 under the same complete control. At home and abroad 
 a Mormon is never free from the vigilant watch of 
 church officers. A Presbyterian clergyman of Salt Lake 
 City has recently asserted before an Eastern audience 
 that it is this priestly despotism which is the central and 
 great evil of the Mormon system. Polygamy— ^bad as it 
 is in his estimation — is sweet in comparison with this con- 
 stant and deadly tyranny.- All understand it. None 
 can escape from it save through apostasy or death. The 
 Tabernacle, according to Stenhouse, should be visited on 
 a Sunday afternoon. The " spirit" is hardly warmed 
 up in the morning services. The organ is better played, 
 
NEW LIGHT ON iiOEilONISM. 191 
 
 the choir sing better. The choir occupy seats around 
 the great organ, directly in front of wliich sits the presi- 
 dent and his two councillors. In front of them is a long 
 bench for the twelve apostles, and before these are the 
 bishops and other officers. Several barrels of water are 
 placed in front of the assembled church dignitaries, and 
 aiter it has been blessed is handed about in tin cans to 
 every person in the congregation. A sip of the water 
 and a morsel of bread constitutes the ceremony of par- 
 taking the sacrament, according to Mormon rites. 
 Hymns are sung, a prayer is made by some bishop, 
 apostle, or elder, which is followed by a sermon either 
 by the president or an apostle, after which the congrega- 
 tion sings a doxology and is dismissed with a brief bless- 
 ing. The sermons are talks on practical matters, and 
 the Saints are expected to attend to these " droppings of 
 the sanctuary." The architectural design of the Taber- 
 nacle is hideous. From east to west it is one hundred 
 and fifty feet, and from north to south one hundred and 
 twenty. There is not a column to obstruct the vision. 
 Its acoustic properties are remarkably good. Christian 
 churches, schools, and associations have been firmly 
 founded in Zion. For many years there was no place 
 where anything but Mormonism could be heard, and the 
 stranger was entirely cut off from all religious communion. 
 But all this is past ; and while " the Gentile and Mormon 
 elements of the community can no more mix than oil and 
 water," each have their places of worship. From the be- 
 ginning of Mormonism the Saints have held conferences, 
 great yearly or half-yearly meetings, lasting several days. 
 They are usually held in Salt Lake City, and are seasons 
 of especial enjoyment to the pilgrims who journey from 
 afar and near to these festivals of the elect. They have 
 
192 KEW LIGHT ON MOKHONISM. 
 
 a certain resemblance to the camp-meetings of the Meth- 
 odists, but were probably instituted in imitation of the old 
 Jewish custom of assenibling the Israelites in the chief city 
 from the remotest parts of Palestine, at stated intervals, 
 for worship. Mr. P. W. Penrose, a well-known Mormon 
 leader, has i-ecently' denied that " blood atonement " * has 
 ever been practised among the Saints, but adds, " in the 
 good time coming it will be.' ' A more disinterested ob- 
 server, after a residence of several months in Salt Lake 
 City last year, writes : " As to the ' blood atonement ' 
 which Mormons generally deny, you may be sure it is still 
 practised." The shedding of innocent blood has been 
 one of the mysterious horrors of Mormonism from its 
 inauguration, and there is no more reason to suppose it 
 has been suppressed than its other abominable practices, 
 which are falsely denied. It is only more adroitly man- 
 aged under Taylor's rule than it was under the dominion 
 of Brigham Young. 
 
 The boasted freedom of the ballot in Utah is a farce, 
 as every ballot is numbered, and the number is placed 
 against the name of the voter ; and in this way those 
 who vote contrary to the published ticket are known 
 to the priesthood. In other parts of the Union the 
 numbering of the tickets might be of no moment ; 
 but in Utah, where the slightest opposition is branded 
 as rebellion, and is treated accordingly, it is of the 
 last importance, as it practically precludes all free 
 voting. The present generation of Mormons is in many 
 respects in violent contrast to " the very prophets of in- 
 
 * The Blood Atonement of the Mormons is the severing of the wind- 
 pipe—a gash across the throat — to let the soul out of the body, and 
 thus save it from destruction. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 193 
 
 dustry" who preceded it. By all accounts the young 
 men are idle and immoral. The relaxing climate and 
 the influence of their surroundings has something to 
 do with their condition. They are advised to stay at 
 home. An elder said in the Tabernacle last summer : 
 ' ' We do not want our young men to leave Utah ; if 
 they have talent of any kind, let them cultivate it here." 
 As there are no factories in Utah, and comparatively few 
 openings for young men, many of them are obliged to 
 work on the railways and in the mines of Utah for a 
 livelihood. Some of the wealthier Mormons send their 
 sons and daughters to Eastern schools for educational 
 advantages not to be obtained in Zion, in spite of the 
 protest against it. 
 
 One of the most influential of the youthful Mormons 
 is John Young, one of the sons of Brigliam, who is a 
 polygamist of the worst kind, having married, it is said, 
 and deserted several women. He is described as being 
 handsome, rich, and well educated. 
 
 Mormon children are baptized at the age of eight years. 
 They are then members of the church. The baptism 
 for the dead is one of the most cherished of their ordi- 
 nances, and in this way they can save their ancestors 
 from everlasting punishment, and bring their souls within 
 Zion. This benevolence is extended beyond the confines 
 of relationship, and is given to the heroes and heroines 
 of history. " In fact," says a facetious recorder of 
 events in Salt Lake City, " no one is safe from the 
 clutches of Mormonism after death. You may be made 
 a Mormon without desiring it for all eternity." A 
 wealthy Mormon in the summer of 1884, during a visit 
 in Boston, employed a young woman to look up his 
 genealogy. In this way he learned the names of some 
 
tQi NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 two hundred of his Gentile ancestors, for all of whom he 
 had tlie rites of baptism performed.* 
 
 If Salt Lake Valley were to become the home of a 
 really free people, it would become one of the glories of 
 the American Union. It is about thirty miles long. 
 The view of it from Salt Lake City is enchanting. It is 
 a picture of farm, lake, and mountains clothed in pre- 
 vailing tints of gray, with patches of verdure that is sel- 
 dom seen in any country. The atmosphere is very clear. 
 
 The Territory of Utah lies mostly in the great "Wah- 
 satcli Basin, between the Rocky JMCountains and the Sierra 
 Nevada. It is bounded on the north by Idaho and 
 "Wyoming territories, east by Colorado, south by Ari- 
 zona, and west by Nevada. It is three hundred and fifty 
 miles long and three hundred miles in width, and has 
 eighty -four thousand square miles. The Wahsatch 
 range of mountains, which forms the eastern wall of the 
 basin, traverses the territory from north to south, and 
 with the Unitah Mountains at the north-east, and the 
 Iron Mountains in the south-east, the rivers have no out- 
 let, and fall into the great Salt Lake and other lakes of 
 the basin. All these rivers have cut their v/ay through 
 
 * An apostate Mormonj in speaking of the Baptism for the Dead, 
 which is a vital doctrine of the Latter-Day Saints, told the following 
 story : 
 
 "An old man, long a convert to Mormonism, residing in the south- 
 ern part of Utah, last summer made a pilgrimage to Georgetown, thirty 
 miles distant, where the Saints were in conference, for the purpose of 
 saving nearly one hundred of his ancestors from everlasting destruc- 
 tion by being baptized for them. He made the journey in an ox cart 
 with his two sons. The baptism was by immersion in a river, and 
 the old man was "dipped" as many times as he could stand the 
 operation, each dip representing an entrance into the Mormon para- 
 dise for some one of the otherwise lost hundred of his forefathers. 
 Then his sons in turn were baptized until the object of their visit was 
 accomplished. " 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISiT. 195 
 
 the easily corroded rocks, and form cations varying in 
 depth from two to five thousand feet ; and after reach- 
 ing a lower plain spread out into broad streams. The 
 eastern section of Utah, although from six to seven 
 thousand feet above the level of the sea, is fertile, and 
 largely productive. Western Utah is also elevated, the 
 summits of the "Wahsatch rising from the plain from 
 forty-two hundred to six thousand feet in height, at- 
 taining a further elevation from the valley of six thou- 
 sand to seven thousand feet in height. Saline and 
 fresh lakes are numerous. Great Salt Lake is one 
 hundred miles in length, fifty in width, and sixty feet 
 deep, holding in solation twenty per cent of salt. The 
 river Jordan connects it with Lake Utah, which is 
 twenty-four miles long by twelve in width. Much 
 of the scenery of Utah is magnificent and of the most 
 varied description. Echo and Weber canons are a 
 perpetual series of surprises, as well as Parley's Park, 
 Ogdeu, and Cottonwood cafions, whicli are all sub- 
 limely beautiful. Landscape painters consider Ameri- 
 can Fork Canon the finest caflon in our country. The 
 north-western portion of the territory, the elevated pla- 
 teau, is a barren alkaline desert, yielding but little beside 
 the sage bush, but under irrigation is made to yield large 
 crops. The Mormons are not confined to Utah alone, but 
 possess some of the best portions of Arizona, Wyoming, 
 New Mexico, Idaho, and Colorado. The land of these 
 territories is worthless without irrigation, and the Mor- 
 mon Church has entire control of the irrigating canals. 
 In this way they can secure themselves from Gentile in- 
 trusion, and they can subdue rebellious spirits among 
 themselves ; for the moment a man rebels the water is 
 shut off from his land, and he is literally' starved into 
 submission, or obliged to leave the territory. 
 
196 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOKISM. 
 
 The government surveys commenced in 1855, and a 
 land office was opened in Salt Lake City in 1868. In 
 the year 1873 Stenhouse made the statement that sur- 
 veys had extended over 4,016,825 acres, of which 92,637 
 acres were embraced in vacated Indian reservations. 
 These surveys included Colorado. From that date declar- 
 atory statements under the Pre-emption Act of Septem- 
 ber 4:th, 1841, had been filed for 400,000 acres. Of that 
 extent of land 68,315 acres had been paid for with cash, 
 mainly at the minimum price of $1.25 per acre. In ad- 
 dition, 20,480 acres had been located with military 
 bounty land warrants, and 23,200 acres with agricultural 
 scrip. Homestead entries covering "167,250 acres have 
 been made under the act of May 29th, 1862. Estimat- 
 ing that there are 2,000,000 acres, or the one twenty- 
 seventh part of the territory susceptible of cultivation, 
 there yet remain 1,500,000 acres unappropriated for 
 future settlement. The emigrants to Utah and the ter- 
 ritories contiguous to it are given small farms of 160 
 acres government lands, which they are entitled to after 
 becoming citizens of the United Sta.tes. The Mormon 
 settlements extend to the full limits of the territory in 
 every direction, following the natural sweep of the val- 
 leys at the base of the mountains, from north to south. 
 It was Brigham's policy to occupy the best lands as 
 quickly as possible. For this and other ulterior pur- 
 poses he was gracious to his dusky neighbors — the Utes, 
 . and other tribes of Indians. 
 
 Until the completion of the, Union and Pacific Rail- 
 I'oad the vast mineral wealth of Utah was untouched, the 
 Mormon leaders being utterly opposed to exploiting the 
 mines, knowing well that their development would bring 
 in a non-Mormon and anti-Polygamous population. 
 Since the building of the Union Pacific and the extension 
 
U-BW LIGHT ON MORMOKISM. 197 
 
 branches, north and south, Utah has produced fifty mill- 
 ions of dollars in silver and lead, and its other mineral 
 wealth, except coal and salt, is yet undeveloped. 
 
 With such natural resources, what might not Utah be- 
 come if Mormonism were "stamped out of it" by our 
 government, to which, it is plain, it has become a problem 
 difficult to solve. "Nothing can change the old Mor- 
 mons. They are a hardy race, indifferent to hardships 
 and privation ; but despite the blinding influence of 
 this system, under which, the hearts of so many women 
 have been broken and are breaking, there is a restless- 
 ness among the young which is growing with an increas- 
 ing sense of shame and wrong. The thing to do is to 
 strike at the animalism which underlies the whole sys- 
 tem, while carefully guarding all personal property and 
 rights of those who have sinned through ignorance, to 
 make further plural marriages impossible, and never re- 
 lax until polygamy and the rule of the Mormon Church 
 in temporal affairs is forever abandoned. If it is post- 
 poned fifteen years, it will take a civil war to overcome 
 this open enemy of republican government."* 
 
 If Mormonism is allowed to go on for a few years 
 longer, its rulers will dictate the elections in all the 
 regions between the Eocky Mountains and the Pacific 
 Ocean except California and Oregon — a region as great as 
 all the United States, east of the Mississippi River. The 
 renewing infiuences of active emigration is still going 
 on. Within eight months of last year three thousand 
 Mormon proselytes arrived in New York. To these 
 con verts from the peasant classes of Great Britain, Nor- 
 way, and Sweden, the most flattering promises have been 
 made of land and wealth. The Mormon leaders want 
 
 * 0. C. Godwin, Narth American Review, 1881. 
 
198 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 the strong young men to cultivate the land and to work 
 in the mines — increase the property which will accrue to 
 the church from the tithing system. One is struck with 
 the dull expression on the faces of these peasants from 
 the Old World. More women than men emigrate from 
 foreign parts to Utah. The fate of these women who 
 come thus to a Christian country can easily be imagined. 
 
 A special despatch to the Boston Herald from Salt 
 Lake City, dated January 10th, 1885, states that some 
 " high Mormons have recently returned from Mexico. 
 They had reached the stronghold of the untamable 
 Yayni savages, and made a conditional treaty with them. 
 Within a few days John Taylor, Counsellor Smith, Bishop 
 Sharp, and others have left Zion, and are known to be 
 en route to Mexico ; and it is believed they have gone 
 to the capital to treat with the Mexican Government 
 for lands and a charter like the ITauvoo charter. It is 
 thought that the plan is to make a rendezvous for Mor- 
 mons liable to persecution under the Edmunds law, and 
 also to form a nucleus for a future empire in their favor. 
 The Yaynis are terrible Indians who have never been 
 subdued, the people of the northern Mexican States 
 fearing them exceedingly." 
 
 The prediction that the Saints would eventually make 
 Mexico their final resting-place is not new. Time alone 
 will show the destiny of these peot)le. 
 
 In closing this brief history of Mormonism, we may 
 state what the most recent students of its methods 
 have learned in a few words, as follows : Mormonism was 
 evolved from the crafty brain of Sidney Kigdon, who 
 found a fitting and willing assistant in Joseph Smith. 
 Between them they formulated the only religion that 
 has been originated in America, from a romance written 
 by a clergyman born in New England. 
 
NEAT LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 199 
 
 It does not seem probable that tlie Spaulding manu- 
 script is still in existence. There are old men and women 
 living who may know its fate. They may carry the bur- 
 den of their sworn secret regarding it to the grave ; but 
 whether the manuscript which was so shamefully stolen 
 was or was not destroyed, or whether it was ever returned 
 to its rightful owners, the great scheme of the " Latter- 
 Day Saints," with its perfidies and crimes, cannot easily 
 be expurgated from our national history. 
 
 It may be likened to some baleful plant that has been 
 allowed to spring up and grow into a fruition of poison- 
 ous influences, and which cannot be exterminated save by 
 one process — a general and thorough uprooting. 
 
 It has been the darling ambition of the Mormons since 
 their settlement in Utah to have the Territory admitted 
 into the Union of States ; but to-day they seem as far 
 from the realization of their anticipations in this respect 
 as they were three decades ago, when they called their 
 new home " Deseret." 
 
CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 The " doctrines" of Mormomsm — Analysis of the Monnon faith — 
 Hierarchical organization — The " Bookof Mormon"— Church polity 
 — The faith of the Latter-Day Saints — Their modes of worship. 
 
 DOGTEINE. 
 
 The Mormons are almost incredibly materialistic in 
 their doctrines. Their idea of the Godhead is taken 
 from Buddhistic principles. While they profess to 
 believe in the Trinity, they say that God was once a man, 
 who has advanced in intelligence and power ; that now 
 He may be called perfect ; that He has still the form 
 and figure of a man ; He has even legs, from His ap- 
 pearance to Abraham, though He has the advantage 
 over His creature that He can move up and down the 
 earth without moving them. 
 
 Christ is the offspring of the " material " union, on the 
 plains of Palestine, of God and the Yirgin Mary — the 
 latter being duly married after betrothal by the Angel 
 Gabriel. Yet He is believed to have had a previous ex- 
 istence, and to have made the universe out of " unformed 
 chaotic matter as old as Gbd," and His worship is en- 
 joined as Lord of all. The Paraclete is also material. 
 There is, however, an older Trinity, that of Elohim, 
 Jehovah, and Michael, which is Adam. Adam is de- 
 clared to be the " god " of Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ 
 the " god " of Joseph Smith, and Joseph Smith the 
 " god " of this generation. Any Mormon by faith, 
 
NEW LIGHT ON JIOEMOinSSI. 301 
 
 obedience, and holiness may rise into a Deity, and peo- 
 pling, and ruling a world forever. 
 
 The second article. of Mormon faith affirms that men 
 will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's 
 transgressions. 
 
 The third article states that through the atonement of 
 Christ all mankind can be saved by obedience to the 
 laws and ordinances of the (Mormon) gospel. 
 
 The fourth article affirms the ordinances to be : 1st, 
 faith in the Lord Jesus Christ ; 2d, repentance ; 3d, 
 baptism (which takes place at eight years of age ; they 
 also baptize for the dead) ; dth, imposition of hands by 
 the gift of the Holy Spirit ; 5th, the Lord's Supper ad- 
 ministered kneeling (in which water is used instead of 
 wine in the sacrament, which is taken every week). 
 
 The sixth article is, that the same organization exists 
 now that existed in the Primitive church. 
 
 The seventh, that miraculous gifts — discerning of 
 spirits, prophecy, revelations, visions, healing, tongues, 
 etc. — ^have not ceased. 
 
 The eighth, that the word of God is recorded in the 
 " Book of Mormon," the Bible, and all other good books. 
 
 The ninth article expresses the belief in all God has 
 revealed, is revealing, or will reveal. 
 
 The tenth article affirms the literal gathering of Israel, 
 the restoration of the ten tribes (the American Indians), 
 the establishment of the new Zion on the Western Con- 
 tinent, the millennial reign of Christ on earth, and the 
 transformation of earth into Paradise. 
 
 The eleventh article maintains the literal resurrection 
 of the body to flesh and bones, but not blood, " the prin- 
 ciple of mortality " (according to Smith). 
 
 The twelfth asserts the absolute liberty of private 
 judgment in matters of religion. 
 
302 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISIT. 
 
 The thirteenth declares it to be the duty of the Saints 
 to be "subject to the powers that be," whether mo- 
 narchical or republican. 
 
 The fourteenth is, "We believe in being honest, chaste, 
 temperate, benevolent, virtuous, and upright ; in doing 
 good to "all men, and that an idle or lazy person cannot 
 be a Christian, or have salvation." * 
 
 ANALYSIS OF MOBMONISM. 
 
 The " Book of Mormon " is a plagiarism of " Manu- 
 script Found," written by Solomon Spaulding. The 
 Mormon religion is a parody on the old Hebrew faith, 
 in common with Methodism, Millerism, Catholicism, Mo- 
 hammedanism, spiced with doctrines of the Baptist, Pres- 
 byterian, and Episcopal Churches, as well as with the 
 peculiar religious ideas of the Quakers and Shakers. 
 The constant effort to imitate Hebraic customs and laws 
 all through Mormonism is wearisome, nothing being 
 formulated without some allusion to Biblical history. 
 
 Its originators and leaders have, many of them, been 
 men of great natural intelligence, force, and persuasive 
 eloquence. It is eminently a proselyting religion, and 
 its greatest numbers of converts have come from the 
 old world. 
 
 The commonly accepted idea of Mormonism is, that it 
 is an institution based upon polygamy ; but it was years 
 after Mormonism was established before this system was 
 more than whispered among the " Latter-Day Saints ;" 
 and if this enormous blot were vfiped out from their his- 
 
 * The artiolea of faith have been reduced to thirteen in number in 
 the more recent history of Mormonism, but which of the number 
 has been expunged the writer cannot learn. 
 
NEW LIGHT OX MOHMONISM. 203 
 
 tory and their faith, the essential attributes of Mormon- 
 ism would remain. As an organization, Mormonism is 
 complete. It reaches every condition and position in life, 
 and controls every action from the cradle to the grave, 
 being a combination of military rule and Jesuitical pen- 
 etration and perseverance. 
 
 The rapid increase of Mormonism is due, in part, to its 
 main recognition of the truths of the Bible, its congeni- 
 ality to every shade of erratic religious character ; to the 
 lofty pretensions of its priesthood, and the knowledge 
 that, without previous study, a blacksmith may become a 
 bishop or an apostle. 
 
 For the superstitious it has miracles, ecstasies, visions, 
 and revelations, astonishing legends respecting the early 
 inhabitants of America and the wonderful story of 
 Christ's coming to this country after His resurrection. 
 
 For the lovers of prophecy there is promised the New 
 Jerusalem, an actual reign of the Saints, and an equality 
 with the Eedeemer. 
 
 Another attraction is its congeniality with the wild 
 views of religion as produced by the preaching of certain 
 schisraatical bodies, and its holding itself up as the only 
 sanctuary to which men may flee for the solution of their 
 doubts and the hope of an eternal harmony ; with the 
 fact that there is no strict standard of morals in connec- 
 tion with Mormonism, and its being an open asylum for 
 the refuse of all other persuasions — the excommunicated, 
 the despised, or endangered. 
 
 The gross see charms in its sensual paradise, and listen 
 eagerly to the announcement that a conversation with 
 their spiritual ruler or a journey on a mission, while 
 facing a frowning world, will immediately clear them 
 from all their iniquities. 
 
 Sidney Rigdon said : " ' The Book of Mormon' is to 
 
204 NEW LIGHT OX MOEMONISM. 
 
 govern the Millennial Churcli ; " but whatever may have 
 been its uses to the " Saints" in the beginning of their 
 career, it has had little to do with their practices for 
 many years, save as a text-book. 
 
 The great success of the Mormon missionaries, both 
 here and in foreign countries, has been gained through 
 their promises to the ignorant, the superstitious, and the 
 poor of a home and certain support. 
 
 Labor has always been dignified among the Mormons, 
 every man, woman, and child, from the highest to the 
 lowest, having his or her task to perform. 
 
 Natural quickness of mind and shrewdness have ever 
 been valued by them, but culture has never been indis- 
 pensable for promotion. Faith and blind obedience have 
 been requisite, but education, although prized, has not 
 been materia] to the ambitious Mormon. 
 
 As a people, the Mormons are chargeable with the 
 gravest crimes ; but these have been perpetrated by the 
 few, while many of them have been and are devoted to 
 what they believe to be the truth ; contrasts are drawn by 
 their preachers between "the unworldly lives of the 
 Saints and the evil practices of the Gentiles," and per- 
 tinent examples are given of aberrations from rectitude 
 of men intrusted with the making of our laws, or those 
 who minister at the altars of divine worship, until they 
 regard themselves as clothed with the resplendent robes 
 of righteousness. 
 
 In ten years from the origin of Mormonism its devo- 
 tees numbered thousands, and Joseph Smith announced 
 that it was to be the religious faith of the Western Con- 
 tinent. To-day Mormonism numbers its liundreds of 
 thousands, its organizations extend over every part of the 
 globe, and the most careless observer of the times must 
 realize that this institution has become one of the gravest 
 
TUTAV LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 205 
 
 and most difficult religious, social, and political problenis 
 of the day. 
 
 The Mormons have made four " Hegiras " since they 
 left Palmyra. There are indications that at no distant day 
 they must enter upon a fifth pilgrimage ; the question is, 
 ■what portion of the earth will next be selected as their 
 "Zion"? 
 
 HIEEAECI-IICAL OEGANIZ ATION . 
 
 Mormonism is a pure theocracy ; its priesthood, who 
 rule in matters temporal and ecclesiastical, are divided 
 into various orders. The highest is the First Presi- 
 dency, elected by the wliole body of the church, and pos- 
 sessing supreme authority. The second office in point of 
 dignity is that of Patriarch, whose chief duty is to ad- 
 minister blessings. 
 
 The third in order is The Twelve, who ordain all other 
 officers, priests, teachers, and deacons ; they baptize, 
 administer the sacraments, and take the lead in meetings. 
 
 E"ext comes the Seventies, who are under the direc- 
 tion of the Twelve Apostles, and are the great prop- 
 agandists, missionaries, and preachers. The fifth order 
 is that of High Priests, whose duty lies in officiating in 
 all the offices of the church, vrhen no higher authority is 
 present. 
 
 After these come the Bishops, who are overseers of 
 the church in secular matters, the support of " literary 
 concerns," house- visiting, and the settlement of private 
 grievances. 
 
 The seventh in order are the Elders, who conduct 
 meetings, and have a general surveillance over the priests. 
 The lowest orders are Teachers and Deacons, who sim- 
 ply assist the other orders. 
 
 The whole priesthood is divided into two classes — the 
 
306 KEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 
 
 Melchisedec and Aaronic. To the first belong the ofBees 
 of apostle, seventy, patriarch, high-priest, and elder ; 
 to the second those of bishop, priest, teacher, and 
 deacon. The latter can only be held by " literal " de- 
 scendants of Aaron, who are pointed out by sppcip,! rev- 
 elation. 
 
 THE "book of MOEMON." 
 
 The "Book of Mormon" is' a collection of sixteen 
 separate or distinct books, professing to be written at dif- 
 ferent periods by different prophets. - ,Its style is in imi- 
 tation of the Bible, incorporating three hundred passages 
 from it without acknowledgment, but often quoted by 
 the Mormons as specimens of their book, and Hebrew, 
 Greek, Biblical, and Latin names are introduced. 
 
 The first book professes to be written by !N"ephi, a 
 Jew, the son of Lehi, who dwelt at Jerusalem in the 
 days of King Jedekiah, 600 e.g. In obedience to a 
 command of the Lord, who appeared to him in a dream, 
 he went into the wilderness of Arabia and dwelt there a 
 long time with his family. At length, under divine in- 
 struction, he, with his family, set out in search of a 
 promised land, and after travelling nearly eastward for 
 eight years they reached the ocean. Here they built a 
 ship, and, guided by a compass, sailed to America. 
 
 The " Book of Mormon " itself gives no indication of 
 the part of the Continent on which they landed ; but 
 through subsequent Mormon revelations, it is declared to 
 have been Chili. 
 
 Of this company who arrived in America were Lehi 
 and his wife and four sons — Tanian, Lemuel, Sam and 
 Nephi, and their four wives ; and Toran, a servant, and 
 his wife — in all eight adult men and eight women. Two 
 infa!nt sons were born to Lehi on the journey through 
 
KEW LIGHT ON M0E5I0NISM. 207 
 
 the wilderness — ^•Jacob and Joseph. In America they 
 found beasts of every kind in the forests, including the 
 cow, the ox, the ass, the horse, and the goat. Lehi died 
 immediately after his arrival in America, and discussions 
 speedily arose between Nephi and his elder brothers, 
 Laman and Lemuel ; and separating from them Nephi 
 moved into the wilderness accompanied by Sam and 
 Toran and their families, the boys, Jacob and Joseph, 
 and such of the women and children as agreed with them, 
 Laman and Lemuel and their families, as a punishment 
 for rebellion against Nephi, whom the Lord had ap- 
 pointed to be their ruler, were cursed by the Lord, and 
 they and all their posterity were condemned to have dark 
 skins and to become an idle people, full of mischief and 
 subtlety, which sought out the wilderness for beasts of 
 prey. This is the origin of the American Indians, whom 
 the Mormons profess to believe are of the Jewish race. 
 Nephi died fifty years after his arrival in America, and 
 his people continued to be called Wephites and to be 
 governed by kings bearing the name of Nephi for many 
 generations. 
 
 The record of their history was continued on golden 
 plates by Jacob, the brother of Nephi, Enos, the son of 
 Jacob, Jarom, the son of Enos, Arum, the son of Joram, 
 and finally by Mormon, whose name is given to a single 
 book as well as to a whole volume, and who, many hun- 
 dred years after Christ, transmitted to his son Moroni 
 the plates containing the writings of the authors men- 
 tioned, as well as those of Mosiah, TeuifE, Alma, Hela- 
 mon, Nephi the second, and ISTephi the third. 
 
 These books are narratives of transactions in North and 
 South America, chiefly of wars between the Nephites and 
 Lamanites, or red men, and of revolutions in the land 
 Taraheriila, a country near the Isthmus of Darien, where 
 
308 NEW LIGHT 6'S MOEMONISM. 
 
 there was a great city. A supernatural light, which lasted 
 three days and three nights, informed the inhabitants of 
 America of the birth of Christ, and later a terrible earth- 
 quake announced the crucifixion of Christ at Jerusalem ; 
 and three days after the Lord Himself appeared, descend- 
 ing out of heaven into the chief city of the Nephites, in 
 the sight of the people, to whom He exhibited His 
 wounded side and the prints of the nails in His hands 
 and feet. 
 
 He remained with them forty days, teaching them the 
 principles of Christianity, and founding that faith. These 
 Christians of the new world, unlike those of the old 
 world, immediately adopted the Christian era for their 
 chronological computations, and in agreement with the 
 record in the four following centuries, the wars between 
 them and the heathen Lamanites continued to rage with 
 great destruction to the Christians, whose populous and 
 civilized cities, extending throughout North America, 
 were gradually captured and destroyed. 
 
 In the year 384 the Christians made a final stand at 
 Cummorah in western New York, where in a great 
 battle two hundred and thirty thousand of them were 
 slain ; Moroni, one of the survivors, after wandering as a 
 fugitive until a.d. 420, sealed up the golden plates on 
 which all these events and circumstances were written, 
 and hid them in the hill, where they were found by 
 Joseph Smith. 
 
 One of the books of the collection gives an account of 
 an earlier settlement of America than that of Lehi, by a 
 colony from the Tower of Babel, soon after the deluge, 
 which was led by Jared, and which in time became a 
 great nation, but which was destroyed for their sins be- 
 fore the arrival of the colony from Jerusalem. 
 
 The "Book of Mormon" appeared first in Palmyra, 
 
KEW LIGHT OS MOEMOKISM:. 209 
 
 in 1830, in England in 1841, in Paris in 1853. Versions 
 hare been printed in German, Italian, Danish, Welsh, 
 and Hawaiian. There is a copy in the British Museum, in 
 the Astor Library in New York, and other noted public 
 libraries throughout the United States. 
 
 CHUECH POLITY. 
 
 The acknowledged president of the church of the Lat- 
 ter-Day Saints holds the keys of the kingdom — " that is, 
 heaven." Without his permission none can be saved. 
 He is an acknowledged ' ' revelator, ' ' and is acknowledged 
 by the church to be the supreme pontifE of the world, 
 with both temporal and spiritual jurisdiction, and as such 
 is entitled to the implicit personal and unquestioned 
 obedience of all Mormons. 
 
 The next order of the church is the Twelve Apostles, 
 usually called the "Twelve." The members of this 
 order are subject to do duty as missionaries. 
 
 The following in order, in point of dignity, is the presi- 
 dent of the Seventies, and each seventy has a presi- 
 dent. These presidents form an administrative council 
 over the subject of missions and preaching and all mat- 
 ters connected with the propagandism of the church, 
 subject to the approval of the head of the church. 
 
 There is another body, called a Quorum of Seventy, 
 having in theory seventy members. They form the 
 bone and muscle of missionary labor, and have no refer- 
 ence to rank in the church as apostle or a High Priest, 
 as either may be a member of a quorum. These are the 
 outside working bees of the central hive, and go into all 
 the world to preach the gospel without purse or scrip, 
 returning frequently loaded with money, and escorting 
 many converts. 
 
210 NEW LIGHT OK MOEMONISM. 
 
 Each Mormon preserves its secret archives, a complete 
 record of the genealogy of each of its members, as also 
 of the official acts of each. This organization has a cer- 
 tain resemblance to the celebrated order of Jesuits. The 
 first in rank in this order is the high-priest, second the 
 apostles, third the elders, and last and lowest the simple 
 priest. 
 
 All true male Mormons are priests ; it is necessary for 
 their salvation. Women are sealed (married) to some 
 priest, either for time " or eternity ;" in the latter case 
 they are not required to reside together, the ceremony 
 being a saving grace merely, they having no souls of 
 their own, and amounting to nothing of themselves alone. 
 
 The Mormons' use of the terms "exaltation" and 
 *■' salvation " are thus defined : "A male Mormon, out- 
 side of the priesthood, may be saved by favor of the 
 President, as also may a Gentile to be used as a sers'ant." 
 " Exaltation" means having a kingdom in the next 
 world, emoluments, and power, with numbers of wives 
 and servants in his possession in this belonging to him 
 in the other. 
 
 For a woman to marry an apostle .or high-priest is a 
 great honor, while to be the wife of the Prophet or Fii'st 
 Presidency is the highest possible dignity to which a 
 woman can aspire. Coercion is seldom used to effect 
 marriages ; but a woman must marry some one, and " the 
 man of her choice" is not at liberty to refuse her, the 
 women as frequently making the first proposition of this 
 kind, in agreement with Mormon etiquette. 
 
 A Mormon with but one wife would hardly be admit- 
 ted to "good society," and few men have the moral 
 courage to appear in public with less than two. Men of 
 "position" appear on state occasions with numerous 
 wives — the more the better. All Gentiles are to be the 
 
TSEV,' LIGHT ON MOEMONISII. 211 
 
 servants of the " Saints" in the world to come and after 
 the second coming of Christ, which is expected soon. 
 
 The city of Salt Lake is divided into twenty-four 
 wards, each of which has a governing ofBcer called a 
 bishop, who is also an informer to the high powers. 
 They hear and determine upon civil or religious com- 
 plaints, and inquire into the temporal and spiritual con- 
 dition of each member of their ward in domiciliary visits 
 each week ; and all persons found to be disaffected as to 
 word or doctrine are reported to the First President. 
 
 All " Gentiles" are watched and reported of in the 
 same manner. The bishops also collect the tithing. 
 The intermediate tribunal between the bishops and First 
 President is the High Council, composed of fifteen men 
 chosen among the high-priests, twelve of whom act as 
 jurors, who decide the case in hand by vote, the remain- 
 ing three acting as judges, passing sentence, fixing dam- 
 ages, costs, etc. An .appeal can be made from this 
 council to the First President ; but from him there is no 
 appeal. 
 
 Each bishop has assistant teachers, who catechise the 
 children and people, and report all heresies. The differ- 
 ent orders of the priesthood, and the quorum of the 
 Seventies, are not elective, but permanent orders of the 
 church ; but all the other officers are elective, from the 
 First President down to the teachers, twice a year — in 
 April and in October. These elections are made by the 
 whole body of the people, and are called " conferences," 
 during which anybody is at liberty to prefer charges 
 against any officer, from the highest to the lowest. There 
 are other organized bodies within the Mormon Church 
 polity, which are of a secret character, such as the band 
 of Danites and the Endowment Rooms. 
 
 The highest test of faith as a bod}' is the placing of 
 
212 KEW LIGHT OIT ilORMONISM. 
 
 the entire church property in the hands of the first 
 officers. 
 
 The cheerful payment of the " tithing " is regarded 
 as a test of orthodoxy, and consists in the giving by 
 every male member of every tenth day of his time iu 
 ]al)or upon the public works (or the pay of a substitute 
 for the same) and a tenth of his income. 
 
 THE FAITH 01? THE LATTEE-DAT SAINTS. 
 
 We believe in God, the eternal Father, and His Son, 
 Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost. 
 
 We believe that men will be punished for their own 
 eins, and not for Adam's transgressions. 
 
 We believe that, through the atonement of Christ, all 
 mankind may be saved by obedience to the laws and 
 ordinances of the gospel. 
 
 We believe that these ordinances are : 1st, faith in the 
 Lord Jesus Christ ; 2d, repentance ; 3d, baptism by the 
 remission of sins ; ith, laying on of hands by the gift of 
 the Holy Spirit ; 5th, the Lord's Supper. 
 
 We believe that men must be called of God by inspira- 
 tion and by laying on of hands from those who are duly 
 commissioned to preach the Gospel and administer the 
 ordinances thereof. 
 
 We believe in the same organization that existed in 
 the Primitive church — viz., apostles, prophets, pastors, 
 teachers, evangelists, etc. 
 
 We believe in the powers and gifts of the everlast- 
 ing gospel — viz., the gift of faith, discerning of spirits, 
 prophecy, revelation, vision, healing, and the interpreta- 
 tion of tongues, wisdom, charity, fatherly love, etc. 
 
 We believe the Word of God recorded in the " Book 
 of Mormon," and in all other good books. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISM. 313 
 
 We believe all that God has reyealed, all that He does 
 now reveal, and we believe that He will reveal many more 
 great and important things pertaining to the kingdom 
 of God and Messiah's second coming. 
 
 We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the 
 restoration of the ten tribes ; that Zion will be established 
 on the Western Continent ; that Christ will reign per- 
 sonally on the earth a thousand years, and that the earth 
 will be renewed and receive its paradisaical glory. 
 
 We believe in the literal resurrection of the body, and 
 that the rest of the dead live not again until the thousand 
 years are expired. 
 
 We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God 
 according to the dictates of our conscience, unmolested, 
 and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship 
 how and where they may. 
 
 We believe in being subject to queens, presidents, 
 rulers, and magistrates ; in obeying, honoring, and sus- 
 taining the law. 
 
 We believe in being honest, true, temperate, benevo- 
 lent, virtuous, and upright, and in doing good to all men ; 
 indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of 
 Paul, we " believe all things. " Everything lowly, vir- 
 tuous, praiseworthy, and of good report we seek after, 
 looking forward " to the recompense of reward." But 
 an idle or lazy person cannot be a Christian, neither have 
 salvation. He is a drone, and destined to be stung to 
 death and tumbled out of the hive. 
 
 THEIE MODE OF WORSHIP. 
 
 Their mode of conducting worship is to assemble at a 
 particular hour, and the senior priest then indicates order 
 by asking a blessing on the congregation and exercises, 
 
214 NEVT LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 when a hymn from their own collection is sung, prayer 
 made extempore, and another hymn sung, followed by a 
 sermon from some one previously appointed to preach, 
 which is usually continued by exhortations and remarks 
 from those who feel moved to speak. 
 
 Then notices of the arrangement for tithe, labor for 
 the ensuing week, and information on all secular matters 
 interesting to them in a church capacity are read by the 
 clerk of the council, and the congregation is dismissed 
 by benediction. While the congregation is assembling 
 and departing from the house, it is iisual to have marches, 
 waltzes, anthems, and the most brilliant music performed 
 by a good band, to drive away all sombre feeling and to 
 prepare the mind for exciting and eloquent preaching. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The Josepliites — Epitome of the faith and doctrines of the reorgan- 
 ized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints— Da-vid Whitmer 
 — The debate at Kirtland, Ohio, in 1884, concerning the " Book 
 of Mormon " — The revelation on celestial marriage, given to 
 Joseph Smith in 1843. 
 
 The branch of Mormons calling themselves " Joseph- 
 ites" and " Latter-Day Saints of the Reorganized Church 
 of Jesus Christ" number twenty thousand at the present 
 time. Their spiritual leader is Joseph Smith, Jr. He 
 is the son of Joseph Smith, the first Mormon prophet, 
 and Emma, " the elect." Until within two years he has 
 resided at Piano, 111., but has removed to Laomi, Decatur 
 Co., Iowa, where he edits two journals in the inter- 
 ests of his followers, called respectively Zion's Hope 
 and Saints' Herald. He is a man of ability, is well edu- 
 cated, and a law-abiding citizen, as the Josephites are 
 generally considered to be in their residence in several 
 States of the Union, principally in Iowa, Missouri, and 
 Illinois, but scattered throughout New England and the 
 Middle States. When Brigham Young led the great 
 body of Mormons to Utah, a few remained in the neigh- 
 borhood of Nauvoo, and others, and in greater numbers, 
 in Iowa. These were disafiEected spirits, who would not 
 yield to the rule of Brigham, and who naturally clustered 
 about the young Joseph as the successor to the Prophet. 
 The distinction between the Utah Mormons and the 
 Josephites is, that the latter profess to be bitterly op- 
 posed to polygamy. In other particulars their creed 
 
216 KEW LIGHT ON MORMOinSM. 
 
 bears a remarkable resemblance to that of the Mormons, 
 although the Josephites contend that the Utah Mormons 
 have departed from the original faith, and no longer live 
 in agreement to its doctrines ; that they are treasonable to 
 the government, full of wiles and treachery, and a stain and 
 blot on the history of our country. Brigham Young was 
 the very consummation of evil, in their estimation, and 
 his followers in office not a whit better. There is, in short, 
 a deadly enmity between the Saints of Zion and the Jo- 
 sephites ; yet both profess to believe the " Book of Mor- 
 mon " divine, and that Joseph was " called of God to do 
 the work, however he may liave been led away in his latter 
 years." This " led away " is a convenient expression to 
 cover a multitude of sins in the Prophet's career toward 
 its close. Joseph was fond of Emma, but his aiieetions 
 wandered to younger and fairer saints during the resi- 
 dence of the Mormons in Ohio, and he there began to 
 talk of " celestial marriage," to the surprise, and, it is 
 affirmed, " horror" of some of the brethren. His " rev- 
 elation " on this subject, he said, was given to him at 
 Nauvoo, July 12th, 1843. The Prophet's sons and his 
 legal wife, Emma, have declared since his death that 
 polygamy is a stain put upon his memory by Brigham 
 Young and his followers. 
 
 Some attempts have been made (according to the writ- 
 ten observations of several chroniclers of Mormonism) to 
 heal the breach between the Utah Saints and the Joseph- 
 ites, which have only ended in a more open and active 
 enmity on the part of either. Elder Smith attends the 
 conferences, which are held quarterly or annually at 
 some one of the appointed colonies of Josephites, where 
 his preaching inspires his adherents, and makes new con- 
 verts of those who gather through curiosity to see the 
 show. The next great conference will be at Indepen- 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 317 
 
 dence, Mo., beginning the 6tli of April, 1885. Inde- 
 pendence is closely connected with the early history of 
 Mormonism. Josephite conferences have been held in 
 Boston (where the Saints have had a place of worship for 
 twelve or fourteen years), sometimes at Providence, 
 Rhode Island, and at Dennisport, Cape Cod, where they 
 have a flourisliing colony. 
 
 David Whitmer, one of the original "witnesses," is 
 still living at Bichmond, Mo. He was asked not 
 long ago if his testimony was the same now as it was 
 originally published, regarding " the plates and the 
 angel" — ■ alluding to the golden plates and the angel 
 Moroni, at the time " the word " was given to Joseph. 
 " He rose to his feet, stretched out his hands, and said : 
 ' These handled the plates, these eyes saw the angel, 
 these ears heard the voice — I know it was of God,' " 
 wrote one of the inquirers. 
 
 Whitmer has what he calls the original translation of 
 the golden plates in manuscript. The Josephites state 
 that the Utah Mormons sent a delegation, headed by 
 Orley Pratt, to purchase it ; and that when Whitmer de- 
 clined to part with it Pratt reminded him of his pov- 
 erty and the large sum he was willing, as a representative 
 of his church, to pay for this coveted possession, and that 
 he replied : " You have not money enough in Utah to 
 purchase it." One of the most notable events among 
 the Josephites was the recent debate at Kirtland, Ohio, 
 concerning the "Book of Mormon." It lasted tenor 
 tv/elve days. The discussion was carried on between 
 Elder E. L. Kelly, of Kirtland, and Clark Braden, a 
 Campbellite preacher of Minnesota, who has since pub- 
 lished liis arguments against the verity of the book. Mr. 
 Kelly has also had his points of defence printed for cir- 
 culation among the Josephites. The debate was an ex- 
 
318 TifEW LIGHT ON MOBJIONISM. 
 
 haustive one, apparently, every published article of the 
 slightest importance on the subject being brought under 
 the examination of the two men, both of whom are con- 
 sidered exceptionally intelligent. Whatever the present 
 result of this controversy may be, its ultimate influence 
 may lead to a still more serious inquiry into the Mormon 
 delusion. 
 
 In the January number of a small monthly published 
 at Laomi, Iowa, there is an editorial to prove that Joseph, 
 the Seer, predicted that if Brigham Young ever became 
 the head of the church, he "would lead it to hell." 
 There is also a letter in the same number, which is 
 interesting in connection with the evidence that Smith 
 was a polygamist, as follows : 
 
 " San BEKNABDrNO, Oaiepornia, ) 
 December 31, 1883. ) 
 
 " Mns. MaeyEai/PH, being duly sworn, deposes and says : I lived in 
 NaiiToo, Illinois, close to the house of Joseph Smith, just across the 
 road, some time. I also was present at a public meeting, and heard 
 the Prophet Joseph Smith say while preaching, ' Here is Brother 
 Brigham ; if he ever leads this church, he will lead it to hell ;' and 
 I believe he was a true prophet of God. I was well acquainted with 
 the two Partridge girls and the two Walker girls and their- two 
 brothers, William and Lorin Walker ; they were orphans, an(J all lived 
 in the family of Joseph Smith ; but I never knew they were any of 
 them his wives ; but I saw Susy Walker in 1847, and she had a ymmg 
 baby in her arms ; she told me she had been sealed to Joseph for 
 eternity and to Heber 0. Kimball for time, and Brother Heber was 
 acting proxy for Brother Joseph. Dianthy Farr, daughter of Aaron 
 Farr, told me she was sealed in the same way, and William Clayton 
 was acting proxy for Brother Joseph with her. The first I ever heard 
 of the proxy and sealing business was in 1846. Bathsheba Smith, 
 ■wife of George A., told me of it then. 
 
 " Maey Baiph. 
 
 " Sworn to before me, this 31st day of December, 1883, W. J. Cur- 
 tis, Notary Public in and for San Bernardino County, State of Cali- 
 fornia." 
 
NEW LIGHT OS MORMONISM. 319 
 
 An article in the same paper, headed " Constitutional 
 Law," is by " President Joseph Smith." After giving 
 an extract from the editorial columns of the Deseret 
 News of December 5th, 188i, he makes the following 
 comments : 
 
 THE PEESECBTIONS IN ARIZONA. 
 
 " Another conviction has been obtained in Howard's Court in Ari- 
 zona, for polygamy. Peter J. ChristofEerson is the victim. The evi- 
 dence, it is stated, was as incomplete as in the case of Mr. Tenney. 
 A despatch to the San Francisco Chronicle says : ' The Mormons 
 threaten vengeance against the court.' That, of course, is » false- 
 hood. The Prescott press despatcher has taken a leaf out of his Salt 
 Lake confrere's book. The ' Mormons ' will naturally fool indig- 
 nant at the course pursued, in committing without bail, pending an 
 appeal, prisoners who have been convicted on hearsay. But they will 
 neither threaten nor injure the court. 
 
 " Submission to the law is and has been one of the characteristics of 
 the Latter-Day Saints, and they have not changed their principles 
 nor their policy by moving over the line into another territory. 
 Their non-obedience to the anti-polygamy enactments is well known 
 to spring from their belief in the invalidity of those statutes, and it 
 is acknowledged that with those exceptions the ' Mormons ' are ex- 
 emplary in their submission to the laws of the land. 
 
 " Whatever opposition may prcoeed from our friends in Arizona to 
 the verdicts of juries and the rulings of courts, no matter how un- 
 just and arbitrary they may be, will be taken on legal grounds and 
 pursued by lawful measures. Such proceedings as have been inau- 
 gurated may give temporary comfort to bigots, but patience is a 
 ' Mormon ' virtue, and ' the end is not yet.' " 
 
 He says there are three points in the foregoing edi- 
 torial worth a notice : 1, persecution in Arizona ; 2, con- 
 stitutional law ; 3, submission to law. With an elaborate 
 argument on these points, he adds : 
 
 " The church from 1830 to 1844 was law-abiding. Its utterances in 
 theory, principle, dogma, faith, and practice were in keeping with 
 the teaching of the Constitution. It was the claim of the elders that 
 the discovery of America was foreseen and provided for by God, as 
 
280 NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 
 
 the founding of a government to be the asylum for the oppressed of 
 all nations. It was the belief of the leaders and the people that the 
 struggle for independence was the baptism of the tree of Liberty in 
 fire and blood, without which it could never flourish. It was taught 
 as a heritage of the covenant made with Abraham, that the men 
 who framed and wrote the Declaration and the Constitution were 
 raised up by the Almighty for that purpose. Christ so stated it in 
 His declarations to the church in the restoration of the gospel. Love 
 of country was held and enjoined from father to sou. This was en- 
 forced as a sacred duty, and more binding on the Saints because of 
 the wondrous manifestations of God's providence, watch, care, and de- 
 termination concerning the land, and the people who should live 
 upon it. The church felt this. Joseph Smith boasted that he was a 
 ' Green Mountain boy ; ' for in those Vermont hills patriots were 
 born and raised. Obedience to law — the laws of the land — was a 
 duty and a cardinal virtue. The laws of the States in which the 
 church originated and appointed for the stalies of Zion were under 
 the Constitution. They were good and sufl&cient for the establish- 
 ment and continuation of the church until the Prophet and Patriarch 
 were slain. There was up to that time no church tenet or practice 
 that required a Saint to break or defy or evade the law of the land ; 
 and yet everywhere the Elders went or Saints settled there were laws 
 forbidding more than one companion in wedlock. 
 
 "The Utah fragment sought a soil on which to develop the folly of 
 Solomon and David anew — a land where the crime and abomination 
 of the people to whom Jacob ministered the rebuke of God might be 
 again re-enacted." 
 
 The close of the article is as follows : 
 
 " The law of 1862,prohibiting polygamy in Utah and other territo- 
 ries, passed by Congress, has been declared to be constitutional by 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. Each successive enactment 
 of Congress, had in respect to the same crime, has been but supple- 
 mentary or auxiliary to that law, providing safeguards against tb ose 
 who have proposed to evade the law because ' they believed it to be 
 invalid.' The Acts of Congress, under which the men ' persecuted' 
 in Arizona were arrested, tried, and convicted, have been but en- 
 abling clauses of the same law in harmony with the first, 
 
 " The judge, under whose administration these men were tried, is 
 the proper one to interpret the language of the Constitution in re- 
 spect to his own court, which declares that ' the judges in every State 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISIT. 221 
 
 shall be bound thereby (by the Oonstitution and all laws passed 
 under it), anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the 
 contrary notwithstanding.' 
 
 " No Legislature of any State of the United States, nor any assembly 
 of any territory belonging to the United States, has a right to enact 
 provisions which make nugatory or inoperative the Constitution 
 or the laws of the United States, made under it. Neither the State 
 of Iowa nor the (state of Deseret) territory of Utah can rightfully 
 pass and enforce enactments which estop the action of the courts of 
 the United States from punishing men who have refused obedience 
 to the laws declared to be constitutional by the Supreme Court, or 
 who have violated statutes passed by Congress in pursuance of the 
 general provisions of the Constitution, approved by the Supreme 
 Court. The laws of the United States passed into being and opera- 
 tion upon territory belonging to the States per se. That which is a 
 crime in the States, by virtue of the United States law, is a crime in 
 the territories of the States. Not until territories merge into 
 States are they relieved of such disabilities as are imposed by the 
 special and direct jurisdiction of the United States. 
 
 " What the (state of Deseret) Utah Territory could not do as a Ter- 
 ritory, she could not authorize the Church of Jestis Christ to do. 
 Hence, marriage being a civil contract, according to the declaration 
 of the church, founded under God under the divinely authorized 
 provisions of the Constitution of the United States, while that church 
 was within States whose laws were monogamio, and before the estab- 
 lishment of such territory of Utah, it must remain a civil contract 
 still in all and every territory belonging to the United States, nor 
 was it in the power of the Territorial Assembly to so endow the 
 church in Utah by an incorporating charter with the right to violate 
 the general rules of the States as to remove the right to regulate the 
 domestic relations of husband and wife, parents and children from 
 the province of Congress and the United States courts. And not 
 until Utah shall be admitted as a State of the Union, with an express 
 provision in its constitution providing for the practice of plural or 
 polygamic marriage, can it become lawful, or the laws against it be- 
 come invalid. 
 
 " Should Utah be admitted as a State without such express pro- 
 vision in its constitution at its admission, we believe that the Legis- 
 lature could not then legalize polygamy, neither by direct enactment 
 nor by the roundabout method adopted by the Legislature of Des- 
 eret, and approved by the Utah Territorial Assembly, by charter to 
 the church, allowing it to control the marriage relations. 
 
332 KEW LIGHT ON MORMONISJI. 
 
 " Whether Congress may lawfully admit Utah with such a clause 
 in the Constitution permitting plural marriage either as a civil con- 
 tract or as a church sacrament we do not discuss, as such contin- 
 gency is of doubtful occurrence. But it may be pertinent to say that 
 bigamy or polygamy (plural marriage), being a crime in all other 
 States of the Union, should Utah be admitted with such a clause in 
 its constitution, ' full faith and credit ' could not be given such 
 ■ public acts ' in the other States, for persons plurally married in 
 Utah could not legally live in those States. " 
 
 From this quotation it will be seen how strongly the 
 leader of the Josephites denounces the Utah Mormons 
 and polygamy. He is still, however, a Mormon, teach- 
 ing Mormon doctrines, the divine origin of tlie " Book 
 of Mormon," and that Joseph Smith, his father, was a 
 prophet. While the Josephites have' not increased as 
 rapidly as the Utah Mormons during the thirty odd years 
 since the division in the church, or since Brigham Young 
 led all save a remnant of the Saints to Deseret, it is 
 astonishing to find this second body of " the chosen peo- 
 ple " so numerous, and with places of worship in old 
 New England towns. The attention of the civilized 
 world has been startled into activity, regarding the Mor- 
 mons of Utah, by their atrocities, by their plurality of 
 wives, and acts of defiance toward the government, while 
 very little has been known or written of the Josephites, 
 who have meantime been increasing in numbers and 
 wealth, and outwardly, at least, respecting the Federal 
 law. They have also Joined the great mass of people in 
 throwing stones at their former neighbors and friends, 
 forgetting how thin the material is of which their own 
 habitation is made. A number of the Josephites are in- 
 telligent and fairly educated ; these are the leaders of 
 the mass, half -educated, credulous, and often illiterate 
 men and women, with crude notions as to right and 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORJIOXISIT. 233 
 
 wrong, and ready to adopt a religious belief that is elo- 
 quently and persuasively preached in their hearing. 
 
 The following are extracts from a letter printed in 
 the Boston Evening Transcript of June 7th, 188i. It 
 is headed, " Down on the Cape — A Colony of Latter- 
 Day Saints at Dennisport, Mass.:" 
 
 " Released from the vehicle, and standing in the porch of the 
 hotel, we ventured to inquire of John in what part of Harwich the 
 Mormon Colony is located. 
 
 " ' Wa'll, now you've got me,' he replied. ' I guess you mean the 
 " Latter-Day Saints." We don't call 'em Mormons down here.' 
 
 " ' I suppose so. Will you answer some questions I may ask you 
 of them ? ' 
 
 " ' Sartain sure ; but I won't tell a lie about them if I go under. 
 They live right down to Dennisport, about a mile from here, and I'll 
 take you down there after dinner. ' 
 
 " West Harwich is a clean, lively little town, with good accommo- 
 dations for summer boarders at moderate prices. This was quickly 
 learned, and we started to see the ' Saints,' whose houses. occupy two 
 long streets, or roads, down to the Port. These dwellings are com- 
 fortable in appearance, and have gardens about them. A moderate- 
 sized building, larger than the houses, we were told, ' is the place 
 where the Saints have their meetings.' Y 
 
 "Our driver was true to his principle of reticence concerning the 
 Mormons, but excused it with the promise to find Captain Howes, 
 one of the most prominent of the ' Saints,' who would tell us all we 
 wanted to know ; and, suiting the action to the word, he drove on to 
 the wharf and called out to an amphibioua-looking individual sitting 
 in a boat that was close to the deck : 
 
 "' Captain, here's some folks from ever so far ; they want to see 
 you.' 
 
 " The captain stared, and so did the dozen or so fishermen loiter- 
 ing about and talking of the morning's catch of three thousand 
 mackerel that was to be sent to Boston ; but after a moment he called 
 out that he would come ashore. The sea was slightly ruffled with an 
 east wind, but was of that deep blue that artists love to picture, and 
 away out were the fishing-smaoks coming into port with their bur- 
 dens. We had turned and been driven under shelter by the time ' the 
 captain ' made his appearance, and closer observation proved him to 
 
234 IfEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISJI. 
 
 be a hardy specimen of his peculiar calling : tall, lithe, keen-eyed, 
 and of a rather intelligent visage. ' Yes,' said he, as if he had hastily 
 made up his mind what to say, ' I am perfectly willing to talk of my 
 religion. We are Mormons of the kind called " Josephites ;" we are 
 the true " Latter-Day Saints ;" we do not believe in plurality — ' 
 
 " ' You mean polygamy ? ' 
 
 " ' Yes, that is what I mean. When the Mormons separated, at 
 the time of Joseph Smith's death, some of them went off to their . 
 destruction with Brigham Young ; but we don't countenance them. 
 Joseph Smith, Jr., of Piano, 111., is our leader — ' 
 
 " ' And his father, Joe Smith—' 
 
 " ' We believe his father was a true prophet. We believe in im- 
 mersion as the true baptism, because Christ was baptized in the river 
 Jordan ; we believe that no one will be eternally lost, although they 
 have to suffer for their sins, and we think Christ is coming in person 
 to reign over us.' 
 
 " ' How about your form of worship ? ' 
 
 " ' Well, we have a Bible that Elder Pratt translated — it's like the 
 King James Bible, only it explains things a good deal, makes them 
 clear ; we sing and have prayer-meetings and a Sunday-school and 
 Sunday services, just like other people.' 
 
 " ' You have a good many religions mixed up in one.' 
 
 " ' Yes ; the best of all of them put togefcheB,' 
 
 " ' And the " Book of Mormon" ? ' 
 
 " ' Well, that is a history of Mormon that Smith found written on 
 some gold plates.' 
 
 " ' Who wrote it ? ' 
 
 '"I don't know.' 
 
 " He went then on to state that he had always resided at Dennis- 
 port ; that he was converted by an elder, a Mormon missionary, and 
 that Joe Smith, Jr., had attended one of their conferences, two of 
 which are held in Ocean Hall at West Harwich each year ; that these 
 meetings are largely attended by Mormons resident in New England, 
 who are colonized in several places — at Fall Kiver, Providence, Bos- 
 ton, and elsewhere. 
 
 " ' I wish I had time to talk more of our people,' concluded the 
 fisherman ; ' but you must go and see our elder, ' and he turned away 
 with a little twinkle in his gray eyes. 
 
 " The elder was ill, or forewarned of our coming, and we did not 
 see him ; but from a less cautious person we gathered some significant 
 statements respecting the ' Saints.' AVhile they profess not to be- 
 lieve in ' plurality,' they act in numerous cases upon the principle of 
 
NEW LIGHT ON MORMONISM. 335 
 
 ' affinity. ' Marriages among them have in this way been frequently 
 broken and resumed. One woman went to Utah, was gone twenty 
 years, and returned to her old marital relations. Our informer, 
 when we expressed surprise at this and other statements of a, like 
 character, said : 
 
 '" Why, it's right enough ; people can't help liking each other if 
 they are married.' 
 
 " The conferences this person mentioned as most enjoyable occa- 
 sions, with ' good speaking from real smart men,' and a general at- 
 tendance of the people in the neighborhood, some of whom, it is 
 said, are generally made converts. It was impossible to learn just 
 how many Mormons there were at Dennisport — really a part of West 
 Harwich —but there are more than fifty of their dwellings, and over 
 one hundred residents in them may fairly be estimated. 
 
 " The children of this colony attend the free school with the other 
 children of Harwich, and there is a general tolerance of the ' Saints,' 
 old and young, by the residents in the vicinity in a business, if not 
 in a social, way. An intelligent man, born and brought up on the 
 cape, in speaking of them, said : ' These Mormons are industrious, 
 and behave very well ; but, of course, they've got some black sheep 
 among them, like any other body of religious people.' Another said, 
 in excuse for one of the ' Saints ' who departed from the colony with 
 an ' affinity,' ' Why, he came back and lives here now.' " 
 
 A Mormon elder, in speaking of this letter, remarked 
 that the Captain Howes alluded to is a man who is mnch 
 esteemed by his brethren. The statements made by sev- 
 eral unprejudiced residents of Harwich regarding their 
 neighbors of Dennisport show that there is an obliquity 
 of "vision in regard to the moral code among these fisher- 
 men, which comes either from lack of principle or de- 
 fective ti-aining. The Mormon of Utah is a polygamist 
 if he has the means to be so ; it is a precept of his faith ; 
 the followers of Joseph the Second can have but one 
 wife and an "affinity." It must, however, be added, 
 that indisputably many of the Josephites lead peaceable, 
 innocent, and inoffensive lives. This may be said of the 
 greater proportion of them probably. The women have 
 few of the trials of their sisters in Utah ; the men are 
 
226 NEW LIGHT 02Sr MOEMONISJI. 
 
 toilers on the sea and land. They rejoice in their relig- 
 ious faith. It is pitiful that it has no better foundation 
 than to have been stolen from an old romance. 
 
 EPrrOME OV THE FAITH AND D0CTEUTE8 OF THE EEOE- 
 GANIZED OHUECH OF JESUS CHEIST OF LATTEE-DAT SAINTS. 
 
 " "We believe in God the Eternal Father, and in His Son Jesus 
 Christ, and in the Holy Ghost. Matt. 28 : 19. 1 John 1 : 3. St. 
 John 11 : 26. 
 
 " We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not 
 for Adam's transgression. Eoo. 12 : 14. Matt. 16 : 27. 1 Cor. 8 : 18. 
 Eev. 20 : 12-15. 
 
 " We believe that through the atonement of Christ all men may 
 be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel. 
 1 Cor. 15 : 8. 2 Tim. 1 : 10. Eom. 8 : 1-6. 
 
 " We believe that these ordinances are : 
 
 ■• (1st) Faith in God and in the Lord Jesus Christ. Heb. 11 : 6. 
 1 Peter 1 : 21. 1 Tim. 4 : 10. John 3 : 16, 18, 36. Mark 11 : 22. 
 John 14 : 1. 
 
 "(2d) Eopontance. Matt. 3:2, 8, 11. Luke 13:3; 24:47. 
 Ezek. 18 : 30. Mark 1 : 5, 15. Acts 2 : 38. Eomaus 2:4. 2 Cor. 
 7 :l6. 
 
 " (3d) Baptism by immersion, for the remission of sins. Matt. 
 3:13-15. Mark 1:4, 5. Luke 8 : 8. John 8 : 5. Acts 2 : 38 ; 
 22 : 16 ; 2 : 41 ; 8 : 12, 37, 38. Mark 16 : 16. Col. 2 : 12. Eomaus 
 6 : 4, 5, John 3- : 23. Acts 8 : 38, 39. 
 
 " (4th) Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost. Deut. 
 34 ; 9. John 20 : 21, 22. Acts 8 : 17 - 19 : 6. 1 Tim. 4 : 14. Acts 
 9 : 17. 1 Cor. 12 : 3. Acts 19 : 1-6. 
 
 "-(5th) We believe in the Eesurrection of the Body ; that the dead 
 in Christ will rise first, and the rest of the dead will not live again 
 until the thousand years are expired. Job 19 : 25, 26. Dan. 12 : 2. 
 1 Cor. 15:42. 1 Thess. 4:16. Eev. 20:6! Acts 17:31. Phil. 
 3 : 21. John 11 : 24. Isaiah 26 : 19. Ps. 17 : 15. 
 
 " (eth) We believe in the doctrine of Eternal Judgment, which 
 provides that men shall be judged, rewarded, or punished according 
 to the degree of good or evil they shall have done. Eev. 20 : 12. 
 Eoc. 3:17. Matt. 16:27. 2 Cor. 5 : 10. 2 Peter 2 : 4, 13, 17. 
 
 " We believe that a man must be Called of God, and ordained by 
 
STEW LIGHT ON MOEMOITISM, 327 
 
 the Laying on of Hands of those who are in authority, to entitle him 
 to preach the Gospel, and Administer in the Ordinances thereof. 
 Heb. 5:1, 5, 6, 8. Acts 1 : 24, 25 ; 14 : 23. Eph. 4 : 11. John 
 15 :16. 
 
 ' ' We believe in the same kind of organization that existed in the 
 primitive church — viz., apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evange- 
 lists, etc. 1 Cor. 12 : 28. Matt. 10 : 12. Acts 6 : 4. Eph. 4 : 11 ; 
 2 : 20. Titus 1 : 5. 
 , " We believe that in the Bible is contained the word of God, so far 
 as it is translated correctly. We believe that the canon of Scripture 
 IS not full, but that God, by His Spirit, will continue to reveal His 
 word to man until the end of time. Job 32 : 8. Hebrews 13 : 8. 
 Proverbs 29 : 18. Amos 3 : 7. Jeremiah 23 : 4 ; 31 : 31, 34 ; 33 : 6. 
 Psalms 85 : 10, 11. Luke 17 : 26. Eev. 14 : 6, 7 ; 19 : 10. 
 
 " We believe in the powers and gifts of the everlasting gospel — viz., 
 the gift of faith, discerning of spirits, prophecy, revelation, visions, 
 healing, tongues, and the interpretation of tongues, wisdom, charity, 
 brotherly love, etc. 1 Cor. 12 : 1-11 ; 14 : 26. John 14 : 24. Acts 
 2 : 8. Matt. 28 : 19, 20. Mark 16 : 16. 
 
 " We believe that Marriage is ordained of God ; and that the law 
 of God provides for but one companion in wedlock, for either man 
 or woman, except in cases where the contract of marriage is broken 
 by death or transgression. Genesis 2 : 18, 21-24 ; 7 : 1, 7, 13. Prov- 
 erbs 5 : 15-21. Malachi 2 : 14, 15. Matt. 19 : ^6. 1 Cor. 7 : 2. 
 Hebrews 13 : 4. 
 
 " We believe that the doctrines of a plurality and a community of 
 wives are heresies, and are opposed to the law of God. Gen. 4 : 19, 
 23, 24 ; 7 : 9 ; 22 : 2, in connection Gal. 4th and 5th chapters. Gen. 
 21 : 8-10. Mai. 2 : 14, 15. Matt. 19 : 3-9. 
 
 " We believe that the religion of Jesus Christ, as taught in the New 
 Testament Scriptures, will, if its precepts are accepted and obeyed, 
 make men and women better in the domestic circle, and better citi- 
 zens of town, county, and State, and consequently better fitted for 
 the tohange which oometh at death. 
 
 " We believe that men should worship God in ' Spirit and in 
 truth ; ' and that such worship does not require a violation of the 
 constitutional law of the land. John 4 : 21-24. Doctrine and Cov- 
 enants, sect. 58, par. 5. 
 
 " We claim the privilege of worshipping Almighty God according 
 to the dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same priv- 
 ilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may." 
 
228 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMOSriSM. 
 
 Please uaderstand that the Eeorganized Charch * of 
 Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is in no way con- 
 nected with Salt Lake Mormons. That polygamy nerer 
 was and never can be a doctrine or practice among those 
 who follow the teachings of Christ and the Holy Spirit. 
 Hear what the " Book of Mormon" says on polygamy : 
 " Wherefore, my brethren, hear me, and hearken to the 
 word of the Lord ; for there shall not any man among 
 you have save it be one wife, and concubines he shall 
 have none, for 1, the Lord God, delight in the chastity 
 of women,' ' etc. 
 
 Polygamy originated with the leaders of the Utah 
 Church, and that church has departed from the faith of 
 the pure gospel system, as taught by the church of Christ, 
 both of former and latter days, and the Utah Church has 
 clearly fulfilled the prophecy of Paul, 1 Tim. 4 : 1, and 
 Jer. lY : 5, 6. 
 
 The Keorganized Church has done more to pnt down 
 polygamy than any other denomination on the face of 
 the earth. 
 
 [Any history of Mormonism would be incomplete withont a copy of 
 the " Revelation," which has played so important a i^art in the de- 
 velopment of the church. It is here copied intact for the benefi.t of 
 the historical student.] 
 
 CELESTIAL MAEEIAGE. 
 
 A revelation on the patriarchal order of marriage, 
 or plurality of wives, given to Joseph Smith, the seer, 
 in ]S"auvoo, July 12th, 1843. f 
 
 "I. Verily, thus saith the Lord unto yon, My servant Joseph, that 
 inasmuch as you have inquired of my hand to know and understand 
 wherein I, the Lord, justified my servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, 
 
 * From a Josephite newspaper. 
 
 f From Btenhouse's " Kocky Mountain Saints," p. 176. 
 
NEW LIGHT ON HOKMONISM. 329 
 
 as also Moses, David, and Solomon my servants, as touohing the 
 principle and doctrine of their having many wives and concubines ; 
 behold, and lo ! I am the Lord thy God, and wiU answer thee as 
 touching this matter ; therefore prejiare thy heart to receive and 
 obey the instructions which I am about to give unto you ; for all those 
 who have this law revealed unto them must obey the same ; for, be- 
 hold ! I reveal unto you a new and an everlasting covenant ; and if 
 ye abide not that covenant, then are ye damned ; for no one can 
 reject this covenant, and be permitted to enter into my glory ; for aU 
 who wiU have a blessing at my hands shall abide the law which was 
 appointed for that blessing, and the conditions thereof as was insti- 
 tuted from before the foundation of the world ; and as pertaining to 
 the new and everlasting covenant, it was instituted for the fulness 
 of my glory ; and he that reoeiveth a fulness thereof must and shall 
 abide the law or be damned, saith the Lord. 
 
 " II. And verily I say unto you, that the conditions of this law are 
 these : AU covenants, contracts, bonds, obligations, oaths, vows, per- 
 formances-, connections, associations, or expectations, that are not 
 made, and entered into, and sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise of 
 him who is anointed, both as well for time and for aU eternity, and 
 that, too, most holy by revelation and commandment, through the 
 medium of mine anointed, whom I have appointed on the earth to 
 hold this power (and I have appointed unto my servant Joseph to 
 hold this power in the last days, and there is never but one on the 
 earth at a time, on whom this power and the keys of this priesthood 
 are conferred), are of no effteacy, virtue, or force in and after the 
 resurrection from the dead ; for all contracts that are not made unto 
 this end, have an end when men are dead. 
 
 ' ' III. Behold ! mine house is an house of order, saith the Lord 
 God, and not a house of confusion. "Will I accept an oif ering, saith 
 the Lord, that is not made in my name ? Or will I receive at your 
 hands that which I have not appointed? And I will appoint unto 
 yon, saith the Lord, except it be by law, even as I and my Father 
 ordained unto you before the world was ! I am the Lord thy God, 
 and I give unto you this commandment, that no man shall come unto 
 the Father but by me or by my word, which is my law, saith the 
 Lord ; and everything that is in the world, whether it be ordained of 
 men by thrones, or principalities, or powers, or things of name, what- 
 soever they may be, that are not by me, or by my word, saith the 
 Lord, shall be thrown down, and shall not remain after men are dead, 
 neither in nor after the resurrection, saith the Lord your God ; for 
 whatsoever things are not by me shall be shaken and destroyed. 
 
230 NEW LIGHT OK MOEMOISriSM. 
 
 " IV. Therefore, if a man marry him a wife in the world, and he 
 marry her not by me, nor by my word, and he covenant with her so 
 long as he is in the world, and she with him, their covenant and 
 marriage is not of force when they are dead, and when they are out 
 of the world ; therefore, they are not bouud by any law when they 
 are out of the world ; therefore, when they are out of the world, 
 they neither marry, nor are given in marriage ; but are appointed 
 angels in heaven, which angels are ministering servants to minister 
 to whose who are worthy of a far more and eternal weight of glory ; 
 for these angels did not abide my law ; therefore they cannot be 
 enlarged, but remain separately and singly without exaltation, in 
 their saved condition to all eternity, and from henceforth are not 
 gods ; but are angels of God forever and ever. 
 
 " V. And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife, and 
 make a covenant with her for time and for all eternity, if that cov- 
 enant is not by me or by my word which is my law, and is not sealed 
 by the Holy Spirit of promise through him whom I have anointed 
 and appointed unto this power, then it is not valid, neither of force 
 when they are out of the world, because they are not joined by me, 
 saith the Lord, neither by my word ; when they are out of the world, 
 it cannot be received there, because the angels and the gods are ap- 
 pointed there, by whom they cannot pass ; they cannot, therefore, 
 inherit my glory, for my house is an house of order, saith the Lord 
 God. 
 
 " VI. And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife by 
 my word, which is my law, and by the new and everlasting covenant, 
 and it is sealed unto them by the Holy Spirit of promise, by him 
 who is anointed, unto whom I have appointed this power, and the 
 kej'S of this priesthood ; and it shall be said unto them, ye shall 
 come forth in the first resurrection, and if it be after the first resur- 
 rection, in the next resurrection, and shall inherit thrones, kingdoms, 
 principalities, and powers of dominions, all heights, and depths, 
 then it shaU be written in the Lamb's Book of Life, that he shall 
 commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood ; and if ye abide 
 in my covenant, and commit no murder whereby to shed innocent 
 blood, it shall be done unto them in all things whatsoever my ser- 
 vant hath put upon them in time and through all eternity, and shall 
 be full of force when they are out of the world ; and they shall pass 
 by the angels, and the gods which are sat there, to their exaltation 
 and glory in all things, as hath been sealed upon their heads, which 
 glory shall be a fulness and a continuation of the deeds forever and 
 ever. 
 
HEW LIGHT OH MORMOKISM. 331 
 
 '' VII. That they shall be gods, because they have no end ; there- 
 fore they shall be from everlasting to everlasting, becaiise they con- 
 tinue ; then shall they be above all, because all things are subject 
 unto them. Then shall they be gods, because they have all power, 
 and the angels are subject unto them. 
 
 ' ' VIII. Verily, verily I say unto you, except ye abide my lav/, ye 
 cannot attain to this glory ; for straight is the gate, and narrow the 
 way that leadeth unto the exaltation and continuation of the lives, 
 and few there be that find it, because ye receive me not in the world, 
 neither do ye know me. But if ye receive me in the world, then 
 shall ye know me, and shall receive your exaltation that where I am 
 ye shall be also. This is eternal lives, to know the only true and 
 wise God, and Jesus Christ, whom He hath sent. I am He. Eeoeive 
 ye therefore my law. Broad is the gate, and wide the way, that 
 leadeth to the death ; and many there are that go in thereat, because 
 they receive me not, neither do they abide in my la^v. 
 
 " IX. Verily, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife accord- 
 ing to my word, and they are sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise 
 according to mine appointment, and he or she shall commit any 
 sin or transgression of the new and everlasting covenant whatever, 
 and all manner of blasphemies, and if they commit no murder 
 wherein they shed no innocent blood, yet they shall come forth in 
 the first resurrection, and enter into their exaltation ; but they shall 
 be destroyed in the flesh, and shaU be delivered unto the buffetings 
 of Satan, unto the day of redemption, saith the Lord God. 
 
 " X. The blasphemy against the Holy Spirit which shall not be 
 forgiven in the world, nor out of the world, is in that ye commit 
 murder wherein ye shed innocent blood, and assent unto my death, 
 after ye have received my new and everlasting covenant, saith the 
 Lord God ; and he that abideth not in this law can in nowise enter 
 into my glory, but shall be damned, saith the Lord. 
 
 " XI. I am the Lord thy God, and will give unto thee the law of 
 my holy priesthood, as was ordained by me, and my father before the 
 world was. Abrahanj. received all things, whatsoever he received by 
 revelation and commandment by my word, saith the Lord, and hath 
 entered into his exaltation, and sitteth upon his throne. 
 
 " XII. Abraham received promises concerning his seed, and of the 
 iiruit of his loins— from whose loins ye are — namely, my servant 
 Joseph — which were to continue so long as they were in the world ; 
 and as touching Abraham and his seed, out of the world, they should 
 continue ; both in the world and out of the world should they con- 
 tinue as innumerable as the stars ; or, if ye were to count th« sand 
 
233 NEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 
 
 npon the seashore, ye could not number them; This promise is yours 
 also, as ye are of Abraham, and the promise was made to Abraham ; 
 and by this law are the continuation of the works of my Father, 
 wherein He glorifieth Himself. Go ye therefore and do the works 
 of Abraham ; enter ye into my law, and ye shall be saved. But if ye 
 enter not into my law, ye cannot receive the promise of my Father, 
 which He made unto Abraham. 
 
 " Xin. God commanded Abraham and Sarah, gave Hagar to 
 Abraham to wife. And why did she do it ? Because this was the 
 law, and from Hagar sprang many people. This, therefore, was ful- 
 filling among other things the promises. Was Abraham, therefore, 
 under condemnation ? Verily, I say unto you, nay ; for I, the Lord, 
 commanded it. Abraham was commanded to offer his son Isaac ; 
 nevertheless, it was written, Thou shalt not kill. Abraham, however, 
 (lid not refuse, and it was accounted unto him for righteousness. 
 
 ' ' XIV. Abraham received concubines, and they bare him children ; 
 and it was accounted unto him for righteousness, because they were 
 given unto him, and he abode in my law, as Isaac also, and Jacob 
 did none other things than that which they were commanded ; and 
 because they did none other things than that which they were com- 
 manded, they have entered into their exaltation, according to the 
 promises, and sit upon thrones, and are not angels, but are gods. 
 David also received many wives and concubines, as also Solomon 
 and Moses, my servants, as also many others of my servants, from 
 the beginning of creation until this time ; and in nothing did they 
 sin, save in those things they did not receive of me. 
 
 " XV. David's wives and concubines were given unto him of me, 
 by the hand of Nathan, my servant, and others of the prophets, who 
 had the keys of this power, and in none of these things did he sin 
 against me, save in the case of Uriah and his wife, and therefore 
 he hath fallen from his exaltation, and received his portion, and he 
 shall not inherit them out of the world, fori gave them unto another, 
 saith the Lord. 
 
 ' ' XVI. I am the Lord thy God, and I gave unto thee my servant 
 Joseph an appointment and restore all things ; ask what ye will, and 
 it shall be given unto you, according to my word ; and as he have 
 asked concerning adultery — verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man 
 receive a wife in the new and everlasting covenant, and if she be 
 with another man, and I have not appointed her by the holy anoint- 
 ing, she hath committed adultery, and shall be destroyed. If she bo 
 not in the new and everlasting covenant, and she be with another 
 man, she hath committed adultery ; and if her husband be with 
 
KEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM, 233 
 
 another woman, and he was under a vow, he hath broken his vow 
 and hath committed adultery; and if she hath not committed adultery, 
 but is innocent, and hath not broken her vow, and she knoweth it, 
 and I reveal it unto you my servant Jos9ph, then shall you have 
 power, by the power of my holy priesthood, to take her, and give her 
 unto him that hath not committed adultery, but hath been faith- 
 ful, for he shall be made ruler over many ; for I have conferred upon 
 you the keys and power of the priesthood, wherein I shall restore all 
 things, and make known unto you all things in due time. 
 
 " XVII. And verily, verily I say unto you, that whatsoever you 
 seal on earth, shall be sealed in heaven ; and whatsoever you bind on 
 earth in my name and by my word, saith the Lord, it shall be eter- 
 nally bound in the heavens ; and whosesoever sins ye shall remit on 
 earth, shall be remitted eternally in the heavens ; and whosesoever 
 sins j'e retain on earth, shall be retained in heaven. 
 
 " XVIII. And again, verily I say, whomsoever you bless, I will 
 bless, and whomsoever you curse, I will curse, saith the Lord ; for I 
 the Lord am thy God. 
 
 " XIX. And again, verily I say unto you my servant Joseph, that 
 whatsoever you give on earth, and to whomsoever you give any ono 
 on earth, by my word, and according to my law, it shall be visited 
 with blessing, and not cursings, and with my power, . saith the Lord, 
 and shall be without condemnation on earth and in heaven, for I 
 am the Lord thy God, and will be with thee, even unto the end of 
 the world, and through all eternity ; for verily I seal upon you your 
 exaltation, and prepare a throne for you in the kingdom of my 
 Father, with Abraham your father. ■ Behold, I have seen your sac- 
 rifices, and I will forgive all your sins ; I have seen your sacrifices in 
 obedience to that which I have told you ; go therefore, and I make 
 a way for your escape, as I accepted the offering of Abraham, of his 
 son Isaac. 
 
 " XX. Verily I say unto you, a commandment I give unto my 
 handmaid Emma Smith, your wife, whom I have given unto you, 
 that she stay herself, and partake not of that which I commanded 
 you to offer unto her ; for I did it, saith the Lord, to prove you all, 
 as I did Abraham, and that I might require an offering at your hand, 
 by covenant and sacrifice ; and let my handmaid Emma Smith re- 
 ceive all those that have been given unto my servant Joseph, and 
 who are virtuous and pure before me ; and those who were not pure, 
 and have said they were pure, shall be destroyed, saith the Lord God ; 
 for I am the Lord thy God, and ye shall obey my voice ; and I give 
 unto my servant Joseph that he shall be made ruler over many things, 
 
334 JfEW LIGHT ON MOKMONISM. 
 
 for he hath been faithful over a few things, and from heneoforth I 
 ■will strengthen him. 
 
 " XXI. And I command mine handmaid Emma Smith to abide 
 and cleave nuto my servant Joseph, and to none else. But if she 
 will not abide this commandment she shall be destroyed, saith the 
 Lord ; for I am the Lord thy God, and will destroy her if she abide 
 not in my law ; but if she will not abide this commandment, then 
 shall my servant Joseph do all things for her, even as he hath said ; 
 and I will bless him, and multiply him, and give unto him an hun- 
 dred-fold in this world of fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, 
 houses and lands, wives and children, and crowns of eternal lives, 
 in the eternal worlds. And again, verily I say unto my handmaid, 
 forgive my servant Joseph his trespasses, and then shall she be for- 
 given her trespasses, wherein she hath trespassed against me, and I 
 the Lord thy God will bless her and multiply her, and make her 
 heart to rejoice. 
 
 " XXII. And again I say unto my servant Joseph, put his prop- 
 erty out of his hands, lest an enemy come and destroy him ; for 
 Satan seeketh to destroy ; for I am the Lord thy God, and he is my 
 servant ; and behold ! and lo, I am with him, as I was with Abra- 
 ham thy father, even unto his exaltation and glory. 
 
 " XXIII. Now, as touching the law of priesthood, there are many 
 things pertaining thereunto. Verily, if a man be called of my 
 Father, as was Aaron by mine own voice, and by the voice of Him that 
 sent me ; and I have endowed him with the keys of the power of 
 this priesthood, if he do anything in my name, and according to my 
 law, and by my word, he will not commit sin, and I will justify him. 
 Let no one therefore set on my servant Joseph ; for I will justify 
 him ; for he shall do the sacrifice which I require at his hands for 
 his transgressions, saith the Lord your God. 
 
 " XXrV. And again, as pertaining to the law of the priesthood ; if 
 any man espouse a virgin, and desire to espouse another, and the 
 first give her consent ; and if he espouse the second, and they are 
 virgins, and have vowed to no other man, then he is justified ; he 
 cannot commit adultery, for they are given unto him ; for he cannot 
 commit adultery with that that belongeth unto him, and no one else ; 
 and if he have ten virgins given unto him by this law, he cannot com- 
 mit adultery, for they belong to him, and they are given unto him, 
 therefore is he justified. But if one or either of the ten virgins, after 
 she is espoused, shall bo with another man, she hath committed adul- 
 tery, and shall be destroyed ; for they are given to him to multiply 
 and replenish the earth, according to my commandment, and to fnU 
 
NEW LIGHT OU MOEMONISM. 335 
 
 SI the promise 'which wag given by my Father before tlie foundation 
 of the world, and for their exaltation in the eternal worlds, that they 
 may bear the sonls of men ; for herein is the work of my Father that 
 he may be glorified. 
 
 " XXV. And again, verily, verily I say unto you, if any man have 
 a wife who holds the keys of this power, and he teaches unto her the 
 law of my priesthood as pertaining these things, then shall she 
 believe, and administer unto him, or she shall be destroyed, saith 
 the Lord your God ; for I will destroy her ; for I will magnify my 
 name upon all those who receive and abide in my law. Therefore it 
 shall be lawful in me, if she receive not this law, for him to receive 
 all things whatsoever I, the Lord his God will give unto him, be- 
 cause she did not administer unto him according to my word ; and 
 she then becomes the transgressor ; and he is exempt from the law 
 of Sarah, who administered unto Abraham, according to the law, 
 when I commanded Abraham to take Hagar to wife. And now, as 
 pertaining to this law, verily, verily I say unto you, I will reveal more 
 unto you hereafter ; therefore let this suffice for the present. Be- 
 hold, I am Alpha and Omega. Amen.' ' 
 
 Elder "W. "W. Phelps said, in Salt Lake Tabernacle, in 
 1862, that while Joseph was translating the " Book of 
 Abraham" in Kirtland, Ohio, in 1835, from the papy- 
 rus found with the Egyptian mummies, the Prophet be- 
 came impressed with the idea that polgyamy would yet 
 become an institution in the Mormon Church. Brigham 
 Young was present, and was much annoyed at the state- 
 ment made by Phelps ; but it is highly probable that it 
 was the real secret which was then divulged. There 
 cannot be a doubt that Joseph went into polygamy at a 
 venture. 
 
 The following extract is from the pen of an unknown 
 reviewer of a bound volume of " The True Latter-Day 
 Saints Herald" — sold with other books relating to Mor- 
 monism — the ten years' gatherings of Charles L. Wood- 
 ward, in iSIow York, January 19th, 1880. 
 
236 NEW LIGHT ON MOEMONISII. 
 
 '" The True Latter-Day Saints Herald.' Yols. 1 to 22, 8vo. Vols. 1-16, 
 bound in 3 vols, sheep. Vols. 17-22 unbound, uncut. Cincin- 
 nati, O., and Piano, lU., 1860-1875, $40. 
 
 " This is the organ of Joseph Smith, the son of the Prophet, who, 
 trading on antipolygamy, is said to have a following of not less than 
 thirty thousand fools, known as ' Young Josephites. ' Nothing bet- 
 ter proves the truth of the old saying that ' a lie well stuck to is as 
 good as the truth,' than the success of Joseph 11. in makisg people 
 believe that his father did not promulgate the polygamy ' revelation.' 
 Knowing full well that even to-day there are women in Utah known 
 by hundreds still living to have been Joe's ' plurals,' but relying 
 upon the fact that the witnesses have told so many lies that they can- 
 not be believed, even when they speak the truth, he calls for the prog- 
 eny, with an air that settles it. Fortunately — all fortunately — Joe 
 did have no little prophets by his numerous polygamous wives. 
 Only by religious lunatics would this fact be accepted as disproof of 
 marriage, whether to one or one hundred. The cry, ' Show us the 
 progeny,' seems to be regarded by Joseph II. and his addle-brained 
 adherents as a socdoUager. Joseph I. never dared openly practise 
 nor advocate polygamy. Nor did any of the Mormons until they were 
 safe beyond the white settlements." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 [Prom ScrVmer's MontMy, August, 1880.] 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Mrs. Matilda SpauUiTig MaKinsiry's Statement Begarding " The Manu- 
 script Hhund." 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 3, 1880. 
 
 So much has been publislied that is erroneous concerning " The 
 Manuscript Found," written by my father, the Kev. Solomon 
 Spaulding, and its supposed connection with the book called the 
 Mormon Bible, I have willingly consented to make the following state- 
 ment regarding it, repeating all that I remember personally of this 
 manuscript, and all that is of importance which my mother related 
 to me in connection with it, at the same time afiSrming that I am in 
 tolerable health and vigor, and that my memory, in common with 
 elderly people, is clearer in regard to the events of my earlier years 
 rather than those of my maturer life. 
 
 Daring the war of 1812 I was residing with my parents in a little 
 town in Ohio called Conneaut. I was then in my sixth year. My 
 father was in business there, and I remember his iron foundry and 
 the men he had at work, but that he remained at home most of the 
 time, and was reading and writing a great deal. He frequently wrote 
 little stories, which he read to me. There were some round mounds 
 of earth near our house which greatly interested him, and he said a 
 tree on the top of one of them was a thousand years old. He set 
 some of his men to work digging into one of these mounds, and I 
 vividly remember how excited he became when he heard that they 
 had exhumed some human bones, portions of gigantic skeletons, and 
 various relics. He talked with my mother of these discoveries in the 
 mound, and was writing every day as the work progressed. After- 
 ward he read the manuscript which I had seen him writing, to the 
 neighbors, and to a clergyman, a friend of his who came to see him. 
 
238 APPENDIX. 
 
 Soma of the names that he mentionecl while reading to these people I 
 have never forgotten. They are as fresh to me to-day as though I 
 heard them yesterday. They were " Mormon," " Maroni," " Lam- 
 enite," " Nephi." 
 
 We removed from Conneaut to Pittsburg while I was still very 
 young, but every circumstance of this removal is distinct in my mem- 
 ory. In that city my father had an intimate friend named Patterson, 
 and I frequently visited Mr. Patterson's library with him, and heard 
 my father talk about books with him. In 1816 my father died at 
 Amity, Penn., and directly after his death my mother and myself 
 went to visit at the residence of my mother's brother, William H. 
 Sabine, at Onondaga Yalley, Onondaga Co., N. Y. Mr. Sabine 
 was a lawyer of distinction and wealth, and greatly respected. We 
 carried all our personal effects with us, and one of these was an 
 old trunk, in which my mother had placed all my father's writings 
 which had been preserved. I perfectly remember the appearance of 
 this trunk, and of looking at its contents. There were sermons and 
 other papers, and I saw a manasoript about an inch thick, closely 
 written, tied with some of the stories my father had written for me, 
 one of which he called " The Frogs of Wyudham." On the outside 
 of this manuscript were written the words, "Manuscript Found." 
 I did not read it, but looked through it, and had it in my hands many 
 times, and saw the names I had heard at Conneaut, when my father 
 read it to his friends. I was about eleven, years of ago at this time. 
 
 After we had been at my uncle's for some time my mother left, me 
 there and went to her father's house at Pomfret, Conn., but did not 
 take her furniture nor the old trunk of manuscripts with her. In 
 1820 she married Mr. Davison, of Hartwickg, a village near Coo- 
 perstown, N. Y., and sent for the things she had left at Onondaga 
 Valley, and I remember that the old trunk, v/ith its contents, reached 
 her in safety. In 1828 I was married to Dr. A. McKinstry, of Mon- 
 Bon, Hampden Co., Mass., and went there to reside. Very soon 
 after my mother joined me there, and was with me most of the time 
 until her death, in 1844. We heard, not long after she came to live 
 with me— I do not remember just hov/ long — something of Mormon- 
 ism, and the report that it had been taken from my father's " Manu- 
 script Found ;" and then came to us direct an account of the Mor- 
 mon meeting at Conneaut, Ohio, and that, on one occasion, when 
 the Mormon Bible was read there in public, my father's brother, 
 John Spaulding, Mr. Lake, and many other persons who were pres- 
 ent, at once recognized its similarity to " The Manuscript Pound," 
 which they had heard read years before by my father in the same 
 
APPENDIX. 339 
 
 town. There was a great deal of talk and a great deal publislied at 
 this time about Mormonism all over the country. I believe it was in 
 1834 that a man named Hurlburt came to my house at Monson to see 
 my brother, who told us that he had been sent by a committee to 
 procure " The Manuscript Pound," written bj' the Eev. Solomon 
 Spaulding, so as to compare it with the Mormon Bible. He pre- 
 sented a letter to my mother from my uncle, William H. Sabine, of 
 Onondaga Valley, in which he requested her to loan this manuscript 
 to Hurlburt, as he (my uncle) was desirous " to uproot " (as he ex- 
 pressed it) " this Mormon fraud. " Hurlburt represented that he had 
 been a convert to Mormonism, but had given it up, and through 
 " The Manuscript Pound " wished to expose its wickedness. My 
 mother was careful to have me with her in all the conversations she 
 had with Hurlburt, who spent a day at my house. She did not like 
 his appearance, and mistrusted his motives ; but having great respect 
 for her brother's wishes and opinions, she reluctantly consented to 
 his request. The old trunk, containing the desired " Manuscript 
 Pound," she had placed in the care of Mr. Jerome Clark, of Hart- 
 wicks, when she came to Monson, intending to send for it. On the 
 repeated promise of Hurlburt to return the manuscrijpt to us, she gave 
 him a letter to Mr. Clark to open the trunk and deliver it to him. 
 We afterward heard that he did receive it from Mr. Clark at Hart- 
 wicks, but from that time we have never had it in our possession, 
 and I have no present knowledge of its existence, Hurlburt never re- 
 turning it or answering letters requesting him to do so. Two years 
 ago I heard he was still living in Ohio, and with my consent he was 
 asked for "The Manuscript Pound." He made no response, al- 
 though we have evidence that he received the letter containing the 
 request. So far I have stated facts within my own knowledge. My 
 mother mentioned many other circumstances to me in connection 
 with this subject which are interesting, of my father's literary tastes, 
 his fine education, and peculiar temperament. She stated to me that 
 she had heard the manuscript alluded to read by my father, was 
 familiar with its contents, and she deeply regretted that hex husband, 
 as she believed, had innocently been the means of furnishing matter 
 for a religious delusion. She said that my father loaned this " Man- 
 uscript Pound " to Mr. Patterson, of Pittsburg, and that, when he 
 returned it to my father, he said : " Polish it up, finish it, and you 
 will make money out of it. ' ' My mother confirmed my remembrances 
 of my father's fondness for history, and told me of his frequent con- 
 versations regarding a theory which he had of a prehistoric race 
 which had inhabited this continent, etc., all showing that his mind 
 
340 APPEKDIS. 
 
 dwelt on this subject. " The Manuscript Found," she said, was a 
 romance written in biblical style, and that while she heard it read 
 she had no especial admiration for it more than for other romances 
 he wrote and read to her. We never, either of us, ever saw, or in 
 any way communicated with the Mormons, save Hurlburt, as above 
 described ; and while we had no personal knowledge that the Mormon 
 Bible was taken from " The Manuscript Found," there were many 
 evidences to us that it was, and that Hurlburt and others at the time 
 thought so. A convincing proof to us of this belief was that my 
 uncle, "William H. Sabine, had undoubtedly read the manuscript 
 while it was in bis house, and his faith that its production would 
 show to the world that the Mormon Bible had been taken from it, or 
 was the same with slight alterations. I have frequently answered 
 questions which have been asked me by different persons regarding 
 " The Manuscript Found," but until now have never made a state- 
 ment at length for publication. 
 
 (Signed) M. S. McKinstet. 
 
 Sworn and subscribed to before me this 3d day of April, a.e. 1880, 
 at the city of "Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chaeles "Waitee, Notary Public. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 ZeUerfrom Joseph Miller, of Amiiy, Perm. 
 
 Tbn Mile, Pa., February 13, 1882. 
 Mes. Ellen E. Dickinson : 
 
 I rec. yours of the 1st of Feb., contents duly noted you state yoa 
 wished to get all the information in my possession in regard to Sol- 
 omon Spaulding. I knew the man very well, was intimately ac. 
 quainted often heard him read from what he called his MS. , he came 
 to our house and wanted me to go with him and bail him for 50 
 Dollars as he needed the money and while on the road he told some 
 of his history, he said while living in Ohio he lost his health and in 
 looking over the Country where he lived he discovered some mounds, 
 they appeared to be the work of an ancient race of people and he 
 concluded he would write their history or a fictitious novel of the 
 people that bixilt the mounds, after living there, he told me he 
 moved to Pittsburg and while there he applied to Mr. Patterson to 
 have his novel printed for the purpose as he stated to help him take 
 care of his family. Patterson said he, Patterson would publish its if 
 he, Spaulding, would write a title page. He told mo he kept a little 
 store in Pittsburg, he then moved to Amity, leaving a ooppy of the 
 
APPENDIX. 341 
 
 manuscript in Patterson's hands, after being at Amity some time lie 
 went back to Pittsburg took his title page he called it the lost 
 manuscript found when he went to Pittsburgh the manuscript could 
 not be found, he said there was or had been a man by the name of 
 Sidney Eigdon had stole it, Spaulding did not die at my house as 
 you have it but died at a house he had rented in Amity and kept as 
 a Public house or tavern, he was a man fully six feet high rather 
 stooped forward a little of sober visage, very reserved in conversa- 
 tion and very candid apparently in all his dealings and I think a 
 very good man, it used to be very common at that day for to gather 
 in at the Public house in the evenings and often Mr. Spaulding 
 would read from his MS. to entertain us. I had the Book of Mor- 
 mon in my house for about six months for the purpose of com- 
 paring it with my recollection of the Lost Manuscript found," 
 and I unhesitatingly say that a great part of the historical part of the 
 Book of Mormon is identical with the MS. and I fully believe 
 that the MS. is the foundation of the whole concern. 
 Yours truly 
 
 Joseph Milleb. 
 Ten Mile Washington Co. Pa. 
 To Mes. Ellen E. Dickinson. 
 
 No. 3. 
 Mrs. Ann Treadwell Bedfidd's Siatemmt. 
 
 Sybaouse, June 17, 1880. 
 
 In the year 1818 I was principal of the Onondaga Valley Academy, 
 and resided in the house of "William H. Sabine, Esq. I remember 
 Mrs. Spaulding, Mr. Sabine's sister, perfectly, and of hearing her and 
 the family talk of a manuscript in her possession, which her hus- 
 band, the Eev. Mr. Spaulding, had written somewhere in the West. 
 I did not read the manuscript, but its substance was so often men- 
 tioned, and the peculiarity of the story, that years afterward, when the 
 Mormon Bible was published, I procured a copy, and at once reoog- 
 nized the resemblance between it and Mrs. Spaulding' s account of 
 " The Manuscript Found." I remember also to have heard Mr. 
 Sabine talk of the romance, and that he and Mrs. Spaulding said it 
 had been written in the leisure hours of an invalid, who read it to 
 his neighbors for their amusement. 
 
 Mrs. Spaulding believed that Sidney Eigdon had copied the man- 
 uscript while it was in Patterson's printing-office, in Pittsburg. 
 
343 APPEKDis. 
 
 She spoke of it with regret. I never saw her after her marriage to 
 Mr. DaTison, of Hartwick. Ann Teeadwell Eedfieu). 
 
 No. 4. 
 Slalement of John Spaulding. 
 
 Solomon Spaulding was born in Ashford, Conn., in 1761, and in 
 early life contracted a taste for literary pursuits. After he left school 
 he entered Plainfield Academy, where he made great proficiency in 
 study, and excelled most of his classmates. He next commenced 
 the study of law, in which he made little progress, having in the 
 mean time turned his attention to religious subjects. He soon after 
 entered Dartmouth College, with the intention of qualifying himself 
 for the ministry, where he obtained the degree of A.M., and was 
 afterward regularly ordained. 
 
 After preaching three or four years he gave it up, and removed 
 to Cherry Vallej', N. ¥., and commenced the mercantile business, 
 in company with his brother Josiah. In a few years he failed in 
 business, and removed to Conneaut, Ohio, in 1809. The year follow- 
 ing I removed to Ohio, and found him engaged in building a forge. 
 I made him a visit three years after, and found he had failed, and was 
 considerably involved in debt. He told me he had been writing a 
 book, which he hoped to have printed, the avails of which he 
 thought would enable him to pay all his debts. The book was en- 
 titled " Manuscript Found,'' of which he read to me many passages. 
 It was an historical romance of the first settlers of Americans, en- 
 deavoring to show that the American Indians are descended from 
 the Jews, or the lost tribes. It gave a detailed account of their 
 journey from Jerusalem by land and sea, till they arrived in America 
 under the command of Nephi and Levi. They afterward had con- 
 tentions and quarrels, and separated into two distinct nations, one 
 of which he denominated Nephites, and the other Lamanites. Cruel 
 and bloody wars ensued, in which great multitudes were sliiin. They 
 buried their dead in large heaps, which caused the mounds so com- 
 mon in this country. Their arts, sciences, and civilization were 
 brought into view, in order to account for all the curious antiquities 
 found in various parts of North and South America. I have recently 
 read the " Book of Mormon," and to my great surprise I find nearly 
 the same historical matter, names, and so, as they were in my 
 brother's writings. I well remember that he wrote in the old style, 
 and commenced about every sentence v/ith " And it came to pass," 
 or " Now it came to pass," the same as in the " Book of Mormon ;" 
 
APPENDIX. . 243 
 
 and according to the best of my recollection and belief, it is the 
 same as my brother Solomon wrote, with the exception of the relig- 
 ious matter. By what means it has fallen into the hands of Joseph 
 Smith, Jr., I am unable to determine. John Spaulding. 
 
 No. 5. 
 Henry Lake's Statement. 
 CoNNEATiT, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, September, 1883. 
 
 I left the State of New York late in the year 1810, and arrived in 
 this place about the 1st of January following. Soon after my arrival 
 I formed a copartnership with Solomon Spaulding, for the purpose 
 of rebuilding a forge, which he had commenced a year or two before. 
 He frequently read to me from a manuscript which he was writing, 
 and which he entitled " Manuscript Pound," which he represented 
 as being found in this town. I spent many hours in hearing htm 
 read said writings, and became well acquainted with its contents. 
 He wished me to assist him in getting it printed, alleging that a book 
 of that kind would meet with a ready sale. This book represented 
 the American Indians as the lost tribes, gave an account of their 
 leaving Jerusalem, their contentions and wars, which were many and 
 great. One time, when he was reading to me the tragic account of 
 Laban, I pointed out to him what I considered an inconsistency, 
 which he promised to correct ; but by referring to the " Book of Mor- 
 mon," I find, to my surprise, it stands there just as he read it to me 
 then. Some months ago I borrowed a Golden Bible, put it in my 
 pocket, and carried it home, and thought no more of it. About a 
 week after my wife found the book in my coat pocket as it hung up, 
 and commenced reading it aloud as I lay on the bed. She had not 
 read twenty minutes before I was astonished to fi-ud the same pas- 
 sages in it that Spaulding had read to me more than twenty years be- 
 fore from his " Manuscript Found." ^ince that I have more fully ex- 
 amined the said Golden Bible, and have no hesitation in saying that 
 the historical part of it is principally, if not wholly, taken from " Tho 
 Manuscript Found." I well recollect telling Mr. Spaulding that the 
 so frequent use of the words, "And it came to pass," " Now it came 
 to pass," rendered it ridiculous. 
 
 Spaulding left here in 1812, and. I furnished him with the means 
 to carry him to Pittsburg, where he said he would get the book 
 printed and pay me. But I never heard any more from him or his 
 writings, till I saw them in the " Book of Mormon.'' 
 
 (Signed) Hen:^t Lake. 
 
244 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. 6. 
 Copy of George Clark's Letters. 
 
 FIRST LETTEB. 
 
 Sonoma, Cautobnia, December 30, 1880. 
 Mks. EiiLEN E. Dickinson. 
 
 Dear Madam : Your letters of December 13th and 16th came to 
 hand yesterday. I remember very well that Mrs. Davison spent a 
 winter at my father's house, nearly, if not quite, fifty years ago. I 
 think she left our house in the spring or summer after to go to Massa- 
 chusetts. Some time after (perhaps one or two years) she wrote to 
 my father to sell her effects, consisting of an old bureau, feather bed, 
 and linen, and remit to her the proceeds, which he did. The old 
 trunk still remained in the garret when I sold- the farm, and was 
 given away, to whom I do not remember. It was an old rickety, 
 moth-eaten hair trunk, and entirely worthless. There was nothing 
 whatever in it. My wife remembers that Mrs. Davison gave her the 
 manuscript to read during her stay with us, and that she read a part 
 of it and returned it to Mrs. D. ; also that Mrs. Davison told her that 
 it was written by Mr. Spaulding as a pastime to while away the days 
 of sickness. My father died January 7th, 1864 ; my mother about 
 thirty years since. Regretting that I cannot give you a more satis- 
 factory answer, I remain respectfully yours, 
 
 Geoeqb, Clahk. 
 
 second ibtteb. 
 Mes. Elmsn E. Dickenson. 
 
 Dea? Madam ; Yours of January 10th received. My wife does not 
 remember the words Mormon, Maroni, etc., nor anything else of the 
 contents of the manuscript in question. She remembers perfectly 
 that it looked soiled and worn on the outside. She thought it rather 
 dry reading, and after reading a few pages laid it aside. She remem- 
 bers perfectly what Mrs. Davison said about it as being the origin of 
 the Mormon Bible, and she thought it would die out in a few years. 
 My wife (then Miss Brace) came to our house on a visit in 1831, and 
 it was at that time Mrs. Davison was there. Mrs. Davison left our 
 hotise to go to her (adopted) daughter's in Munson in the spring of 
 that year (1831). Mr. Sabine was an uncle of my mother's. I do 
 not remember of Mr. Hurlburt's being at our house at any time, or of 
 his sending for the manuscript. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 BoNOMA, CatiTfobhia, January 24, 1881. Gboegb Clabk. 
 
APPENDIX. 245 
 
 No. 7. 
 Oscar Kellogg' s Statement. 
 
 I accompanied Mrs. Dickinson on her visit to D. P. Huilburt, 
 at his residence near Gibsonburg, Sandusky Co., Ohio, NoTember 
 13th, 1880, and was present at the entire interview. I have just 
 heard Mrs. Dickinson's narrative of that interview read. I think it 
 is as complete and truthful as could be written. We carefully listened 
 to every word said, and watched Mr. Hurlburt's countenance and ar- 
 rived at the same conclusion — that Hurlburt knows more than he 
 told. 0. E. KelIjOGG. 
 
 NoKWALK, Ohio, November 15, 1880. 
 
 No. 8. 
 Hurlburt's Statement. 
 
 GrBSONBUEG, Omo, January 10, 1881. 
 To all whom it may concern : In the year eighteen hundred and 
 thirty-four (1834) I went from Geauga Co., Ohio, to Munson, Hamp- 
 den Co., Mass., where I found Mrs. Davison, late widow of the 
 Kev. Solomon Spaulding, late of Conneaut, Ashtabula Co., Ohio. 
 Or her I obtained a manuscript, supposing it to be the manuscript 
 of the romance written by the said Solomon Spaulding, called " The 
 Manuscript Found," which was reported to be the foundation of 
 the " Book of Mormon." I did not examine the manuscript until I 
 got home, when, upon examination, I found it to contain nothing of 
 the kind, but being a manuscript upon an entirely different subject. 
 This manuscript I left with E. D. Howe, of Paiuesville, Geaaga 
 Co., Ohio, now Lake Co., Ohio, with the understanding that when 
 he had examined it he should return it to the widow. Said Howe 
 says the manuscript was destroyed by fire, and further the depo- 
 nent saith not. 
 
 (Signed) D. P. Hublbubt, 
 
 No. 9. 
 Author's Letter from Palmyra. 
 
 EAELT MOBMON HAUNTS. 
 
 Palmyea, "Watne Co., N. Y., June, 1882. 
 Deae Evangelist : Aa is pretty widely known, this remarkably 
 active and pretty town is connected with the early history of Mor- 
 monism. It was here that Joseph Smith, Jr., the first Prophet of 
 
246 APPENDIX. 
 
 the " Cliurcli of tlie Latter-day Saints," lived when he was a dall- 
 eyed, flaxen-haired boy, and long after he had entered upon his 
 " mission" and received " the golden plates," whereon was written 
 " the new faith.'' This story seems but a legend to those little in- 
 terested in or acquainted with the facts — one that has grown into 
 present proportions by the accretions of many years. But not so. 
 A little way up the main street, or rather in a side street leading 
 from the principal thoroughfare of the town, resides John H. Gilbert 
 (usually called Major Gilbert), a venerable, well-preserved "man of 
 eighty odd years, who in his youth was actively employed in the 
 type-setting and presswork incident to the issue of the first edition 
 of the " Book of Mormon." He allowed the writer to handle a copy 
 of this edition, which he has carefully preserved. His description 
 of the manuscript of the book, brought to him by " Hyrum" (as the 
 Smiths spelled this name), brother of Joseph, is very interesting. The 
 major got up from his chair, and taking a leaf or two of the book" 
 (unbound), he showed me how these early Mormons guarded their 
 precious " translations " under their coats from a curious and unbe- 
 lieving community, day by day, as they brought it, a few pages at a 
 time, to be printed. The spelling and grammar were defective ; and 
 as for punctuation, there was none. The major pointed out these 
 rather uninspired defects to the scribes employed by the Proi^het, 
 and he assures us that they kindly allowed him to make the neces- 
 sary alterations, onl.y, however, after they had become convinced of 
 the necessity of something approaching literary accuracy — a matter 
 not at all apparent to them. 
 
 A large number of modern Mormons have visited Major Gilbert, 
 to whom he has related these and other recollections of their " Golden 
 Bible. ' ' It would seem that they must leave him wiser if not better 
 men, if they at all credit his very clear and positive statements, his 
 memory and judgment being as yet untouched by age. 
 
 Mr. Seth "W. Chapman owns the former home of the Smiths, and 
 the land they cultivated after their fashion. • It is two or three miles 
 out of Palmyra, and at the present time is very attractive in its vernal 
 beauty. The portion of the present farmhouse which was once the 
 humble dwelling of Joseph, Sr. , and his numerous family is com- 
 posed of a single room of fair dimensions, over a cellar, with two 
 small garret rooms above. Later, and after the sons and daughters 
 were grown, a small bedroom was added to the main apartment. 
 Here the Smiths lived for twelve years, making baskets and brooms, 
 and raising vegetables, when they were not peddling beer and ginger- 
 bread at general trainings, or robbing hen-roosts or clothes-lines, or 
 
APPENDIX. 247 
 
 engaged in some other nocturnal calling. It has been said that the 
 Prophet Joseph once returned from Nauvoo to view the place where 
 he had dwelt before he became rich and famous, and where he had 
 taken his first lessons in craft and dissimulation ; but this report rests 
 on no sufficient basis. The present race of Mormons frequently visit 
 the Chapman farm — the room above described, and the field now so 
 beautifully green, where " the diggers," as they were called, consist- 
 ing of a band of genuine vagabonds, with Joe as their leader, turned 
 up the sou to find gold. Only the day previous to the visit of the 
 writer, James H. Hart, a Mormon from Bloomington, Idaho, had in> 
 spected the premises. He circulated a pamphlet in the interest of 
 the " Saints" and their peculiar institution, polygamy, during his 
 stay in Palmyra. Mr. Cannon, son of the well-known Mormon of 
 that name, has also recently visited the early abiding-place of Joseph 
 and his brethren. 
 
 The spot where the famous " Peek Stone" was discovered on the 
 property of Clark Chase, in the year 1819, is now marked by a gray 
 slab, which stands close to a well — the well which was being dug when 
 this white stone, in the shape of a child' s foot, was turned up, and 
 appropriated by the future " seer." The tradition is that Joseph ran 
 home across lots, some two miles, to show his mother this new pos- 
 session, which was like most, if not' all, of his later possessions, un- 
 lawfully gained ; and that from this date he saw wonders through 
 the "Peeker," it being employed by himself, and perhaps others 
 in the neighborhood, to find any or everything they desired. The 
 slight elevation where Clark Chase resided, and for whom the well 
 was excavated, is now bare of any tenement, the former dwelling 
 having been either burned or torn down a long time ago. Just be- 
 yond the well, a quarter of a mile or so, is the " Miner Farm," on 
 which is shown a cave, or excavation, that was used by Smith and 
 his close followers while engaged in deciphering the golden plates. 
 It was originally boarded in.but is in a dilapidated condition at pres- 
 ent. The same family own this farm now that owned it in Joe 
 Smith's time. The elder members have passed away, but the pres. 
 ent occupants are quite familiar with the events. 
 
 " Hill Cummorah," a conical elevation several hundred feet in 
 height, and which, in its isolation and peculiar shape, bears a cer- 
 tain resemblance to an extinct volcano, is also of special interest. 
 Just where Joseph found the box containing the golden plates is not 
 known ; but it was somewhere near the dizzy top of this hill, that an 
 angel was standing over him while he examined the contents. An old 
 picture represents him as kneeling on the steep incline of the hill, 
 
248 ' APPEN-mx. 
 
 the wind blowing his long hair out in all directions, his eyes big 
 with surprise, and the placid, winged creature above him in a cloud, 
 hut not so dense as to prevent a good view of the future Prophet 
 eagerly taking his credentials (which had been buried some fourteen 
 hundred years) from the cemented chest — the sword of Laban, the 
 TJrim and Thummim (or spectacles), and the golden plates. Out of 
 the cloud are zigzags of lightning playing around the angel and 
 Joseph, which neither appears to notice. 
 
 The " Hill Cummorah' ' is three miles from where Joseph lived when 
 this remarkable incident occurred, and his return to his domicile 
 must have been a weary journey, after the excitement consequent 
 upon such a distinction. The true Mormon of to-day venerates this 
 locality as a sacred spot, and travels from afar to see its quiet but 
 not remarkable beauty. 
 
 The farm owned by Martin Harris, the man who mortgaged his 
 property to print the " Book of Mormon, " is in an opposite direc- 
 tion to the " Hill " from Palmyra. A niece of Mrs. Harris resides in 
 the town, and gives interesting remembrances of what she heard in 
 her youth of the Mormons. It is but just to say that this lady has 
 a more exalted estimation of the character of her relative than the 
 world in general. 
 
 Sidney Kigdon, the real instigator and brains of the original Mor- 
 mon swindle — the man who read and copied the romance called 
 "Manuscript Found," written by the Kev. Solomon Spaulding, at 
 Conneaut, Ohio, in 1812 — is well remembered by a few of the older 
 residents of Palmyra. It was Eigdon who preached the first Mor- 
 mon sermon in the third story of a building, in what is now called 
 Exchange Row. He introduced himself as the " Messengerof God," 
 to the very few people who attended this meeting, telling them that 
 the Bible and the " Book of Mormon " should be equally precious to 
 the true Christian. His " sermon" was not agreeable to those who 
 heard it, or the Palmyrians in general, and he did not repeat it, nor 
 did any other " Saint " give a regular discourse there afterward. 
 He might have fared worse if his audience had been acquainted with 
 Mr. Spaulding' s romance, which he had plagiarized so freely, and 
 copied verbatim in many instances, in the " Book " which he intro- 
 duced to them. 
 
APPENDIX. 349 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 Statement of J. W. Gilbert, sent to the author by Hon. Diedrich Villers, Jr., 
 with tetter from the Bev. Diedrich VUlers, and statement by the same. 
 (Copy.) 
 
 Paimtba, Watne Co., N. T., December 29, 1880. 
 Deae Sm : Although I was the principal typesetter of the first Mor- 
 mon Bible, I had. no acquaintance with any of the originators of this 
 great humbug, except Martin Harris. Jo. Smith I never saw but 
 once. If you see &t to pay me a visit I shall be very glad to meet 
 you and will show you a copy of the original edition of the Mormon 
 Bible in sheets as I folded them from the press, besides a great 
 number of articles cut from newspapers. 
 
 I am in my seventy-ninth year and in good health. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 J. H. GiLBEET. 
 
 Hon. DiXDBiCH VrLLEES, Je., Vaeick. 
 
 (Vaeics) Fatette p. 0., Seneca Co., N. Y., January 19, 1882. 
 Deae Madam : Your letter of the 7th inst. came duly to hand. I 
 enclose a few recollections and traditions of Mormonism in Seneca 
 County, with a copy of a letter, which may be of some service to you. 
 At my great age (eighty-four years) I can remember but little of 
 events which transpired over fifty years ago, and as the neighborhood 
 in which Smith conducted his operations was some eight or nine 
 miles from my residence, I was not even at that time much conver- 
 sant with the facts. There is yet living in this county (besides Mr. 
 Shiley, to whom I refer), a member of the Sohott family, closely re- 
 lated to some of that family who became apostates to Mormonism. 
 
 (Signed) Diedeich Villbks. 
 
 Bev. Diedrich Villers' s Statement. 
 
 EECOIiLECTIONS OE THE MOHMONS IN SENEOA CO., N. Y. 
 
 I infer that you desire information as to the early history of Mor- 
 monism in Seneca Co., N. Y., more than fifty years ago, when the 
 present powerful Mormon organization was in its infancy, and its 
 doctrines advocated hereabouts by Joseph Smith and other ad- 
 venturers. 
 
 I will give you such data as occurs to me. As it is always right to 
 give to every one his due, I may say that polygamy was unheard of 
 in connection with Mormonism in those days, and its introduction 
 was left to a later day — by Latter-Day Saints. 
 
250 APPENDIX. 
 
 When 1 came to Seneca Cpnnty as pastor of a number of congrega- 
 tions of the ((jrennan) Reformed Church, in April, 1821, I found 
 among the members of a remote congregation, Zion's Church (after- 
 ward known as Jerusalem Church), in West Fayette, a plain, unas- 
 suming farmer of the name Peter Whitmer, a native of Pennsylvania, 
 of the class of settlers known as Pennsylvania Germans. He was a 
 quiet, unpretending, and apparently honest, candid, and simple- 
 minded man. On the fifth day of April, 1822, at my first confirma- 
 tion services of a class after instruction in the Heidelberg Catechism, 
 I find among the names of the thirty-eight young persons then con- 
 firmed by me those of John Whitmer, Christian Whitmer, and Jacob 
 Whitmer. My recollection is, that I baptized one or more of the 
 Whitmer family as adults, according to the custom of the Reformed 
 Church. 
 
 I may state here, that I never met or had any acquaintance with 
 Joseph Smith, Hiram Page, Cowdrey, or Sidney Eigdon, nor, in fact,, 
 with any of the persons connected with them, except the Whitmers 
 and the Jolly family. I am informed by Mr. Jacob Shiley, an old 
 gentleman, aged seventy-nine years, now a resident of Fayette (who 
 fifty or more years ago occupied a farm adjoining the residence of 
 the Whitmers and Jollys), that the five persons of the name Whit- 
 mer, whose names appear in the " Testimony of three witnesses" 
 and the " Testimony of eight witnesses," appearing at the end of 
 the Mormon Bible, to wit : the three above-named, Christian, John, 
 and Jacob Whitmer, and Peter Whitmer, Jr., and David Whitmer 
 were all sons of Peter Whitmer, Sr. 
 
 Hiram Page, who is described to me as an itinerant botanic or root 
 doctor, married a daughter of Peter Whitmer. It was said at the 
 time of the marriage of Page to Miss Whitmer, that her father was 
 opposed to the marriage until convinced by Page that Miss Whitmer 
 was consumptive, and that he (Page), by the extraction of a certain 
 tooth, the location of which he alone knew, could effect a cure. As 
 there was doubtless a previous understanding between Page and the 
 young lady, the pretended cure was reputed to have been effected 
 through Page's agency, and the marriage took place. 
 
 One of the sons of Mr. Whitmer (as I am informed by Mr. Shiley) 
 married a Miss Jolly, whose mother, the wife of William Jolly, of 
 West Fayette, was a baptized convert to Mormonism, and with her 
 husband removed with the Mormons to Ohio. Mr. Jolly, however 
 (as Mr. Shiley informs me), declined to contribute the proceeds of 
 the sale of his property to the common stock of Mormonism, and 
 eventually withdrew from them, and died in Ohio, near Cleveland.. 
 
APPEKDIX. 351 
 
 Two other sons of Mr. Wliitmer (as Mr. Shiley informs me) married 
 ladies of tlie name Sohott, of West Fayette, near Waterloo, one of 
 ■whom is said to have returned to Seneoa County upon the death of 
 her husband. 
 
 lly informant (Mr. Shiley) says that he has attended the services 
 held at the houses of Peter Whitmer and William Jolly, and heard, 
 among others who spoke (or preached), Joseph Smith, Sidney Big- 
 don, and Hiram Page. The baptisms were performed by immersion 
 in Thomas' Creek and Kendig Creek, in the town of Fayette. Mr. 
 Jacob Shiley and his brother George Shiley, also still living in West 
 Fayette, were present, and witnessed the immersion in baptism of 
 Mrs. William Jolly. When it became known to me that Peter Whit- 
 mer and his family were becoming the dupes of Smith and his co- 
 workers, I called upon Mr. Whitmer, in order to remonstrate with 
 him and to warn him of the errors and delusions and the false 
 doctrines promulgated by these men. My conversation, however, 
 apparently made no impression upon him, his only reply to my argu- 
 ments being the repeated quotation in the German language of the 
 words : " Jesus Christ, yesterday, to-day, and forever." 
 
 As an illustration, to show how easily the Whitmers were duped, 
 it is related, that by some contrivance of Smith and his associates a 
 wooden image or representation was placed in a tree in a field where 
 one of Vy'hit mer' s sons was engaged in ploughing, and that when in- 
 terrogated as to whether he had not seen an angel, he answered in 
 the affirmative. " Then," said Smith, " this is the place where the 
 ' Book of Mormon ' must be completed, since the angel has already 
 appeared eleven times, and it has been revealed to me that at the 
 place of the twelfth appearing of the angel, the book must be com- 
 pleted." Hence Whitmers', in West Fayette, became the resort of 
 Smith and his fellow-impostors during the progress of this work. 
 
 As for a time a number of persons besides the Whitmers were in- 
 clined to favor the Mormons, I preached a sermon in Zion's (Je- 
 misalem) Church on June 13th, 1830, from the text, Galatians 1 : 8. 
 So far as I know, no other persons in that vicinity except the 
 Whitmers, the Jolly family, and several members of the Sohott 
 family became adherents. 
 
 A history of Seneca Co., N. Y., published in 1876 by Everts, En- 
 sign & Everts, Philadelphia, Penn., contains some reference, to 
 Mormonism, from the recollection of Hon. Daniel S. Kendig, still 
 living at Waterloo, who was born in Fayette in 1802, and lived 
 there in the early years of his life. French's New York Gazetteer, 
 published by E, Pearsall Smith, at Syracuse, New York, in 1860, also 
 
252 APPEI^DIX. 
 
 contained some data concerning Mormonism, and states that the 
 first Mormon society was formed in the town of Fayette, Seneca 
 County, in 1830. In this gazetteer Martin Harris is reported to 
 have mortgaged his farm to defray the expense of printing the Mor- 
 mon Bible. It was generally reported hereabouts, however, that 
 Peter Whitmer had become surety for paying the cost of printing 
 this Bible, and it may be diflScult now to ascertain the exact facts in 
 regard thereto ; but as Smith was engaged in preparing the Bible 
 for publication at Whitmer's house, it is probable that Whitmer also 
 became involved in the expense of publication. 
 
 It is conceded, I think, that when Mr. Whitmer disposed of his 
 property in this county he contributed what remained to the Mor. 
 mon fund, and followed the fortunes of Mormonism. The edition 
 printed of the " Book of Mormon " was, I am told, three thousand 
 copies. 
 
 I have a copy of the " Book of Mormon," by " Joseph Smith, Jr., 
 Author and Proprietor, " bearing the imprint, ' ' Palmyra. Printed 
 by E. B. Grandin for the Author, 1830." This is doubtless one of 
 the original copies. 
 
 The price of the Mormon Bible when issued was said to have 
 been fixed in. the first instance at $1.50 or $1.75 per copy ; as the 
 sale at that price was very slow, the price was reduced from time to 
 time by Smith, under instructions from " the angel of the Lord," 
 until at last copies were offered, I have been told, as low as fifty 
 cents per copy, and oven as low as twenty-five cents each. 
 
 There is yet living at Palmyra, N. Y., an octogenarian, Mr. J. H. 
 Gilbert, who set type upon the original edition of the Mormon Bible. 
 
 [I have taken the liberty of copying for your confidential informa- 
 tion a portion of a letter written by him to my son, Diedrioh Til- 
 lers, Jr., who has taken considerable interest in collecting early local 
 history ; and should you wish to use any of the facts therein con- 
 tained, he will doubtless grant permission, should you write to him 
 stating generally that you are advised that he possesses certain in- 
 formation as to Mormonism.] 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 ThefoUowing was written iy B. Patterson, of the Presbyterian Banner, 
 Pittsburg — an extract from a letter written to him by Mr. Budolph, in 
 1881, to Mrs. R E. Dickinson. 
 
 Mr. Z. Rudolph, father of Mrs. General Garfield, knew Sidney 
 Eigdon very well, and has stated that during the winter previous 
 
APPEIJDIX. 253 
 
 to the appearance of the " Boot of Mormon," Eigdon was in the 
 habit of spending weeks away from his home, going no one knew 
 where ; and that he often appeared very preoccupied, and would in- 
 dulge in dreamy, imaginative talks, which puzzled those who lis- 
 tened. When the " Book of Mormon" appeared, and Eigdon joined 
 in the advocacy of the new religion, the suspicion was at once aroused 
 that he was one of the framers of the new doctrines, and probably 
 was not ignorant of the authorship of the "Book of Mormon." 
 
 [Published in the New York Evangelist, December 23, 1880.] 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 Author s visit at Mentor, Ohio. 
 
 GENEBAI, AND ME3. GAItFIELD IN THErS FAEM HOME AT MENTOE, OHIO. 
 
 It may interest the readers of The Euangelist to learn something of 
 the experience of one of its contributors, who has recently received 
 the hospitality of the President-elect in his farm-house at Mentor, 
 Ohio, without betraying the spirit of his kindliness and cordial en- 
 tertainment. 
 
 The writer had been visiting in the vicinity of Cleveland, and had 
 heard much of the democratic style of living of General Garfield, 
 but was quite unprepared for the reality. Having a letter of intro- 
 duction for the occasion, and another in my possession, written for 
 me for another purpose by Dr. Henry M. Field, who is a personal 
 friend of General Garfield, the way was made easy to follow a natural 
 desire to see the incoming President at his own home, as well as to 
 see Mrs. Garfield. 
 
 Mentor is a very small village, twenty miles east of Cleveland ; and 
 quite at the west end of its one long street is the plain frame house, 
 painted white, which is destined to be known in the history of our 
 country. It is two stories high, irregular in shape, but has a com- 
 fortable, substantial appearance. Like most farm-houses, it is near 
 the road, for convenience, and possibly for cheerfulness. Driving 
 toward it from the station, the contrast between this unpretentious, 
 simple home and that of Washington, at Mqiint Vernon, was very 
 marked. It was very cold and snowing, and the question from the 
 driver did not seem impertinent, " How long will you be here ?' ' as 
 we reached the side steps of the piazza. The reply, "It is impos- 
 sible for me to say ; possibly I shall not remain at all, " was met 
 with, " Oh, yes, you will ; for the General is at home, and they are 
 very hospitable." 
 
254 APPESDIX. 
 
 A servant maid ushered me into a square corridor, heated by a 
 large stove, where the furniture made it apparent that it is a kind of 
 general reception-room or office. A tall Dutch clock is in one corner, 
 ■which looks as though it might be an heirloom, and with its loud 
 ticking keeps me company until a gentleman entered, whom the 
 writer instantly recognized, from his resemblance to his pictures, as 
 General Garfield. Let me pause to say that he is a far handsomer 
 man than his photographs represent him, they failing, as all photo- 
 graphs do, to catch his genial, pleasant expression. His height is 
 rather above the medium, figure good, rather inclined to stoutness ; 
 his hair brown and full, eyes blue, complexion clear and fair, and 
 his features regular. He is, in short, one of those persons we call 
 good-looking, without knowing exactly why, as it is the whole appear, 
 ance that impresses one favorably. After cordial greetings, and the 
 letters referred to had been read, the General went up-stairs and 
 called his wife " to come down, as they had visitors." 
 
 The parlor opening to the right from the corridor is a large square 
 room, with an open fireplace, and two long windows. The wood- 
 work is oak, varnished, which makes a pretty contrast with the white 
 walls. The mantel is of oak, and has two shelves above it, which 
 are filled with vases and plaques. To one side of the fireplace is an 
 open cabinet, also of oak, that is filled with artistic effects and books. 
 The floor is covered with matting, over which large Turkey rugs 
 are laid. There is a piano, low easy-chairs, window draperies, plenty 
 of books, some good pictures, and an entire air of refinement and 
 tastefulness, without the slightest attempt at luxury. Between the 
 windows is a little picture of some purple pansies enclosed in a gilt 
 frame, on which is written or painted a verse from Whittier. It is 
 the recent gift of a Bay State girl. This apartment is one of those 
 living-rooms which at once gives a visitor the impression that joyful, 
 contented hours are passed in it ; that children' s voices have echoed 
 within its walls, and bedtime stories have been told beside the 
 hearth ; that books have been read by the shaded lamp, and music 
 has added its charms to the home scene. A second room opens from 
 this parlor, a pretty room, aU in blue, where beside the east window 
 is a low rooking-ohair, having a cover made of dainty patchwork. It 
 is the bed-chamber of the mother of the Presidentelect, who shall 
 be introduced to the reader later on. 
 
 Mrs. Garfield at once responded to her husband's request, and 
 came down to welcome the two chance visitors — the writer and a 
 member of Congress, on his way to 'Washington from San Francisco. 
 An invitation was immediately given to remain to dinner, and soon 
 
APPENDIX. 355 
 
 after our outer garments were removed a bell was rung in the hall. 
 The G-eneral led the way to the dining-room — a bright, cheerful 
 room with an open fire. The table was long, and as though set for 
 several persons, and the table-service was plain, but tasteful — white 
 porcelain, flowered with green. Oak cabinets with glass doors, on 
 either side of the fireplace, displayed an abundance of handsome 
 dishes, glassware, and silver. 
 
 Mrs. Garfield sat at one end of the long table, and the General at 
 the other. Two elderly ladies came in, who seated themselves one 
 on either side of the General, whom he introduced to us as " My 
 
 mother and my aunt, Mrs. ." The elder Mrs. Garfield is a, 
 
 sweet-faced old lady, who resembles her distinguished son, and 
 showing in every look her pride in his success. She is contented to 
 be an elderly person, wearing a cap, and otherwise evincing her ex- 
 cellent sense in not attempting to appear young by the accessories of 
 
 the toilet. Major Swain, the General's private secretary ; Mr. • , 
 
 the telegraph operator (who resides at the house) ; and a neighbor 
 whom they called "Doctor," with the guests mentioned, made up 
 the number at table— nine in all. 
 
 The dinner, which was plain, substantial, and well cooked, once 
 under way (the host and hostes? helping every one), the General at 
 once opened a very pleasant conversation, and told anecdotes with 
 infinite zest. The Western gentleman spoke of some recent political 
 annoyances in San Francisco, the Chinese, the Eev. Starr King's 
 career in that city, etc. ; but the General led the talk back to some 
 incidents nearer home ; told us that his farm of one hundred and 
 sixty acres was settled by the Mormon of whom he purchased it ; 
 that Mentor was the first place where the Mormons gathered in Ohio, 
 and that the wonderful temple they built at Kirtland is only two or 
 three miles from his house. He told us something of Joe Smith, and 
 of Bigdon (a Mormon preacher), of whom his wife's father took les- 
 sons in Latin and Greek. The General and Mrs. Garfield both dis- 
 tinctly remembered this man, who abjured his faith in Joe Smith 
 and became a wandering expounder of the doctrines of the Disciples, 
 or Campbellites. They had heard him preaph, and considered him 
 a man of ability and good edjication. He informed us also that a 
 good many Mormons still reside in that neighborhood — believers in 
 the " Book of Mormon," but not in polygamy. Some of these peo- 
 ple are very old, but have a full remembrance of the early excitement 
 in regard to Mormonism and Joe Smith's departure for " pastures 
 new" in the far West. 
 
 After dessert, with tea and coffee, but no wine, we returned to the 
 
256 APPENDIX. 
 
 parlor. The Doctor reminded the General that the next day would 
 be his birthday, and asked Mrs. Garfield, senior, how old he would 
 be. She turned toward her son with a beaming smile, and re- 
 sponded, " He will be forty-nine years old." 
 
 " Not thirty-nine, as some people say, mother ?" laughingly asted 
 the General. 
 
 " I think I ought to know," she replied, with some dignity. 
 
 " Yes, yes," said the Doctor ; " sure you should know." Ho then 
 chatted a little, said something about eating two dinners, having his 
 at home at noon, and not being accustomed to such fashionable 
 hours (between one and two o' clock), and made his familiar adieu, 
 being evidently an intimate of the family. The "Western gentleman 
 also soon took his departure ; said he had stopped to pay his re- 
 spects to the General and Mrs. Garfield, and must catch the next 
 train for the East. The door was ajar into " mother's room," and 
 the old lady came in to bring some papers she had been reading, 
 asking Mrs. Garfield, junior, how she liked one or two articles she 
 pointed out. The General sat down in a low seat by one of the win- 
 dows, and while chatting was interrupted once or twice by his clerk 
 bearing telegrams for his inspection. 
 
 Until now I have written nothing especial of Mrs. Garfield, the 
 lady of the White House for the next four years. She seems slightly 
 careworn ; is of medium height and slender figure ; has dark, wavy, 
 brown hair ; small, regular features, and dark eyes. She is evidently 
 intelligent, well read, and a decided character. I could readily 
 believe all I had heard as to her care for her five children, her super- 
 vision of their studies and personal wants. She is u dignified 
 woman, kindly, cordial, and utterly void of the airs and graces of a 
 fashionable-society woman, which she might have become in her 
 long residence in Washington. I could believe, too, in what is said 
 of the domestic life in this household, the happy relations between 
 husband and wife, and the beautiful respect and honor shown to the 
 venerable mother of the President-elect. Mrs. Garfield is more ret- 
 icent than the General— quieter, less free in conversation, but pleas- 
 ing. That she is a sensible woman was proved by a trifling circum- 
 stance. She had on a simple morning dress, for which she did not 
 once apologize. She came down from her chamber when called, and 
 did not wait to make a toilet, which was also proof of her excellent 
 breeding. 
 
 The writer wishes she could remember all the talk of the hour — of 
 the joking remark of the General that his wife resembles a caricature in 
 an illustrated paper, where she is represented as ready to sweep some 
 
APPENDIX. 357 
 
 feminine politicians out of her parlor, who are teasing the new Presi- 
 dent for office. This -was all the better, that the lady in question will 
 not have her picture taken by ambitious photographers. The General 
 told, too, of an aged man in his Tioinity, Mr. E. D. Howe, who was 
 the first publisher of the Cleveland Rerald, in 1819, and sold it him- 
 self, riding on horseback to deliver it ; and much beside of interest. 
 
 But it Yi&s growing darker, and snowing still, and the writer sud- 
 denly remembered the driver (who had so confidently predicted a 
 prolonged visit), and the necessary departure by the afternoon train. 
 Accompanied to the door by both the host and hostess, the General 
 ran ahead, and catching up a broom lying on the piazza, brushed 
 aside the snowflakes with the ahavdon of a boy. I could not but 
 remark laughingly, " I never expected a President of the United 
 States to sweep the steps for me ; so I fancy some politicians will 
 feel the influence o£ your broom, sir." He waved the broom slightly 
 as he replied, " Possibly," and " Good-by. " 
 
 And so this (to me) memorable visit to Mentor was over, and some- 
 thing in the past to rucall with pleasure ; and in dwelling upon it 
 afterward in my journey, and upon the testimony of all those whom 
 I met in Ohio who have a personal acquaintance with the General 
 and Mrs. Garfield, I could come to but one conclusion as to the re- 
 sult of the recent Presidential election — a favorable conclusion, as 
 you may imagine. 
 
 I may add that I heard that the elder Mrs. Garfield is to go to 
 "Washington with the General ; and she will be, it is said, the first 
 mother of a President who has resided at the White House. 
 
 Mag. E. E. Dickinson. 
 New Yobk, December 10, 1880. 
 
 Ne. 13. 
 
 John Spaulding's statement. {See So, i in the Appendix.) 
 
 [^Published in Scrihner's Magazine of October, 1881,] 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 Siram Lake's and Lorin GovM's statements. 
 
 CoNNEAUT, AsHTABTJiiA Co., Omo, December 23, 1880. 
 
 I am sixty-nine years of age, and have lived all my life in Conne- 
 
 aut, Ashtabula Co., Ohio. My father, Henry Lake, was partner 
 
 with Solomon Spaulding, in 1811 and 1812, in a forge in Conneaut 
 
 (then Salem). About 1834, when I was about twenty-three years of 
 
358 APPENDIX. 
 
 age, I remember that there was a great excitement concerning Mor- 
 monism in Conneaut. My father read the " Book of Mormon," or 
 heard it read, and was familiar with its contents, and he told me it 
 was unquestionably derived from a manuscript written by his former 
 partner, Solomon Spaulding, called " Manuscript Found -; or, the Lost 
 Tribes." I believe my father, about this time, made an affidavit to 
 the same effect, which was published. Since 1834 I have conversed 
 with Aaron Wright, John N. Miller, and Nathan Howard, old resi- 
 dents here, now deceased, all of whom lived here in 1811 and 1812, 
 and who had heard Spaulding's manuscript read, and they told me 
 they believed the "Book of Mormon" was. derived from Spauld- 
 ing's " Manuscript Pound." Some or all these persons made affi- 
 davits to this effect, which were published in a book called ' ' Mor- 
 monism Unveiled," edited by E. D. Howe, of Painesville, Ohio. 
 
 TTT^^.A^M• Laee. 
 
 CoNTTEAUT, AsHTABTiLA Co., Ohio, December 23, 1880. 
 I have resided in the neighborhood of Conneaut, Ashtabula Co., 
 Ohio, sixty-six years. During all that period - 1 have known Hiram 
 Lake, whose statement [given below], dated December 23d, 1880, I 
 have read. This statement I believe to be true. I was acquainted 
 with Henry Lake, Aaron Wright, John N. Miller, and Nathan Howard, 
 the persons named in Hiram Lake's statement, and about 1834-35, the 
 time of the excitement concerning Mormonism, I he,ard them all say 
 that the " Book of Mormon " was undoubtedly taken from a manu- 
 script written by Solomon Spaulding, which they had heard Spauld- 
 ing read in 1811 or 1812, called " The Manuscript Found ; or, the 
 Lost Tribes," Loein Gould. 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 MoNEOE, December 18, 1880. 
 Mbs. Eli-en E. Dickinson : 
 
 Your letter of the 6th inst. is received, but I fear I shall be unable 
 to give you any new inforination on the subject of your inquiry. My 
 father settled in Vermont when a young man, where he remained 
 until 1823, when he came to this country. I was then seventeen 
 years of age. His brother John was living here, the first and only 
 one of his father's family whom I ever saw. Uncle Solomon left 
 Salem (as it was then called) 1814, and died about two years after. 
 When the Mormon Bible was published some of his acquaintances 
 recognized in it miich which they were quite sure they had heard 
 
APPEJSTDIX. 259 
 
 him read in his " Manuscript Found. " In Henry Howe's "History 
 o£ Ohio,'' page 285, is an article taken from a work published by 
 E. D. Howe, called a " History of Mormonism," in which he gives 
 what evidence he could gather, that the historical part of the ' ' Book 
 of Mormon ' ' was written by Solomon Spaulding. He gives the tes- 
 timony of Uncle John Spaulding and Mr. Henry Lake. 
 
 In our "Spaulding Memorial" is a letter to the publisher from 
 Uncle Josiah Spaulding, who visited his brother, and gives what rec- 
 ollections he had of his writings. But perhaps you have the book 
 or have seen it ; if not, and you. wish to do so, I think you can obtain 
 it by sending to Kev. Samuel J. Spaulding, Newburyport, Mass. 
 
 These are all the sources of knowledge I have of my uncle's writ- 
 ings, and doubtless you have as much or more. There will probably 
 never be any new light gained on the subject, as all his associates 
 have passed away. 
 
 Mes. Ubania Haviland. 
 Sours -KroQE, Ashtabula County, Ohio. 
 
 No. 16. 
 Copied by Surlburl's permission. 
 
 Painesyille, Ohio, August 7, 1880. 
 
 T>. P. HUBLBTJET. 
 
 Deak Sib : Just received your line, calling my attention to an 
 article in Scribner, on the origin of that old Mormon Bible. Hardly 
 a year passes that I do not receive more or less inquiries, some of 
 which seem to reflect on your honesty in regard to the manuscript 
 obtained from that wonderful old trunk, that was all explained truth- 
 fully in the book I published, as I then believed, and have ever since, 
 that Spaulding' s " Manuscript Found" was never found or received 
 by you ; I have no manner of doubt, but altogether a different manu- 
 script on a very different subject. It was in my possession till after 
 the publication of "Mormonism Unveiled," and then disappeared 
 and lost, I suppose, by fire. I suppose this is all I need say on that 
 subject. I was glad to hear that you are still in the form. I am 
 now eighty-two years old, enjoying very good health. Hoping never 
 to hear any more about that old Mormon imposition, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 E. D. Howe. 
 
360 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. 17. 
 
 Statement of D. P. Skrlburi. 
 
 GiBsoNBUKC}, Ohio, August 19, 1879. 
 I visited Mrs. Matilda (Spaulding) Davison at Munson, Mass., in 
 1834, and never saw her afterward. I then received from her a man- 
 uscript of her husband's, which I did not read, but brought home 
 •with me, and immediately gave it to Mi'. E. D. Howe, of Painesville, 
 Ohio, who was then engaged in preparing his book — " Mormonism 
 Unveiled. " I do not know whether or not the document I received 
 from Mrs. Davison was Spaulding's" Manuscript Found," as I never 
 read it entire, and it convinced me that it was not the Spaulding 
 manuscript ; but whatever it was, Mr. Howe received it under the 
 condition on which I took it from Mrs. Davison — to compare it with 
 the ' ' Book of Mormon," and then return it to her. I never received 
 any other manuscript of Spaulding's from Mrs. Davison, or any one 
 else. Of that manuscript I made no other use than to give it, with 
 all my other documents connected with Mormonism, to Mr. Howe. 
 I did not destroy the manuscript nor dispose of it to Joe Smith, or to 
 any other person. No promise was made by me to Mrs. Davison that - 
 she should receive any portion of profits arising from the publication 
 of the manuscript, if it should be published. All the affidavits pro- 
 cured by me for Mr. Howe's book, including all those from Palmyra, 
 N. Y., were certainly genuine. 
 
 D. P. HUELBUET. 
 
 No. 18. 
 Mr. Thurfow Weed's statement. 
 
 New Yoek, April 12, 1880. 
 
 In 1825, when I was publishing the Kochester Telegraph, a man in- 
 troduced himself to me as Joseph Smith, of Palmyra, N. Y., whose 
 object, he said, was to get a book published. He then stated he had 
 been guided by a vision to a spot he described, where, in a cavern, 
 he found what he called a golden Bible. It consisted of a tablet, 
 which he placed in his hat, and from which he proceeded to read 
 the first chapter of the " Book of Mormon." 
 
 I listened until I became weary of what seemed to me an incom- 
 prehensible jargon. I then told him I was only publishing a news- 
 paper, and that he would have to go to a book publisher, suggesting 
 a friend who was in that business. A few days afterward Smith 
 called again, bringing a substantial farmer with him, named Harris. 
 
APPENDIX. 361 
 
 Smith renewed his request that I should print his book, adding that 
 it was a divine revelation, and would be accepted, and that he would 
 be accepted by the world as a prophet. Supposing that I had doubts 
 as to his being able to pay for the publishing, Mr. Harris, who was a 
 convert, offered to be his secuiity for payment. Meantime I had 
 discovered that Smith was a shrewd, scheming fellow, who passed his 
 time at taverns and stores in Palmyra, without business, and appar- 
 ently without visible means of support. He seemed about thirty 
 years of age, was compactly built, about five feet eight inches in 
 height, had regular features, and would impress one favorably in 
 conversation. His book was afterward published in Palmyra. I 
 knew the publisher, but cannot at this moment remember his name. 
 The first Mormon newspaper was published at Canandaigua, New 
 York, by a man named Phelps, who accompanied Smith as an apostle 
 to Illinois, where the first Mormon city, Nauvoo, was started. 
 
 (Signed) Thublow Weed. 
 
 No. 19. 
 
 Statemenl hy J, L. Sowgaie, formerly of Wayne County, N. T., copied 
 from the Salt Lake Triiune. 
 
 Spaulding had a nephew named King, who got a printer to copy the 
 Spaulding manuscript, and then told Hale, a school-teacher, he could 
 start a new religion and make money out of it, outlining his plan, 
 which was to put some metallic covers and gold clasps on it — to after- 
 ward dig up — and with a big flourish proclaim it as a new religion 
 from on high. Hale declined the proposition. Joe Smith then took 
 kindly to the plan, and the two, pretending to have visions, then 
 exhumed the book. 
 
 No. 20. 
 
 Letter from JE S. Gilbert, giving some incidents of early Mbrmonism. 
 
 Cahasebaga, N. Y., August 1, 1880. 
 Mbs. Ellen E. Dickinson. 
 
 Deae Madam : Your interesting paper in Scribner, entitled 
 " The Book of Mormon," has recalled the following anecdote to my 
 mind, related by my aunt, Mrs. Orill Fuller, who was converted to 
 the Mormon faith in the first days, and emigrated from this State to 
 join the Mormon congregation, located, I think, at Kirtland, Ohio. 
 
 It appears that a certificate or affidavit, signed by the three wit- 
 nesses—David Whitmer, Oliver Cowdrey, and Martin Hari'is — was ap- 
 pended to the " Book of Mormon" to this effect : " We, the under- 
 
263 APPENDIX. 
 
 signed, have seen and hefted the book of plates." Arrived at her des- 
 tination, my aunt became acquainted with David Whitmer, who lived 
 there ; and wishing to be edified by the account of a reliable eye-wit- 
 ness concerning the appearance and peculiarities of the wonderful 
 plates, she took early opportunity to converse with him on the sub- 
 ject, when, to her amazement, the veracious Whitmer assured her that 
 he never had seen them. 
 
 " Suppose," said he, " that you had a friend whose character was 
 Buoh that you knew it impossible that he could lie ; then if he de- 
 scribed a city to you which you had never seen, could yon not, by the 
 eye of faith, see the city just as he described it ?" She answered that, 
 however that might be, the certificate attached to the Mormon 
 Bible had given rise to the belief that the three witnesses had actually 
 seen and handled the book of plates. 
 
 Thereupon he went on to relate the bottom facts, which formed 
 the basis of his faith, to this effect : That he went into the woods 
 after some maple sap, and having filled two large pails, he set out to 
 return home. The pails of sap were so heavy that he was obliged 
 to stop and rest at short intervals, and the sharp roots, and stubs 
 hurt his bare feet so badly that he had great difficulty in getting 
 along at all. So sitting alone in the woods, he fell to thinking of 
 Smith and of the plates he claimed to have found, and finally, to 
 ease his doubts, he knelt and prayed that if Joseph Smith was a true 
 prophet, and the plates a genuine revelation from God, that the sap 
 might be made lighter as a token thereof. The prayer being ended, 
 he arose, and lifted the sap, which now had apparently no weight 
 whatever, and he went the remaining distance— I think a half mile — 
 without setting it down once, getting over the ground easier than if 
 empty-handed. Whether Cowdrey and Harris had such convincing 
 proof, I do not know. I believe I read in the Laiter-Day Saints 
 Herald, that an angel appeared to them, holding the book of plates in 
 his hands. My aunt' s family did not remain at Kirtland long ; they 
 seceded and went to Michigan, under the leadership of James G. 
 Strong ; if I remember rightly, renounced Mormonism some time 
 after, and are now living somewhere in the West. David Whitmer 
 is still living, though very aged. These details, perhaps unimportant 
 in themselves, derive a possible significance in connection with Mrs. 
 Mcliinatry's narrative, showing how miracles and visions were, of 
 necessity, substituted for ocular demonstration of the existence of 
 the plates. You are at liberty to make any use of these statements 
 that you choose, and I remain, 
 
 Yours truly, E. S. Gilbeet. 
 
APPENDIX. 263 
 
 Ko. 21. , 
 
 Statement of Oliver Smith, found in an old hook in the Astor Library. 
 
 CoNNKi-TjT, Ohio, August, 1833. 
 
 When Solomon. Spaulding first eame to this place, he purchased a 
 tract of land, surveyed it out, and commenced selling it. While in 
 this business he boarded at my house six months. All hia leisure 
 hours were occupied in writing an historical novel founded upon the 
 first settlers of this country. He said he intended to trace their 
 journey by land and Sea till their arrival in America, give an ac- 
 count of their arts, sciences, civilization, wars, and contentions. In 
 this way he would give a satisfactory account of the old mounds, so 
 common to this country. During the time he was at my house he 
 read one hundred or more pages to me ; Nephi and Levi were by 
 him represented as leading characters, etc. When the " Book of 
 Mormon " came in the neighborhood, and I heard the historical part 
 of it related, I at once said it was the writing of Solomon Spaulding. 
 
 No. 22. 
 
 Bev. N. C. Lewis, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Susque- 
 hannah Co. , Penn., in 1834, made a sworn statement to the effect 
 that he had " been acquainted with Joseph Smith, Jr., for some 
 time ; being a relative of his wife's, and residing near him, have fre- 
 quent opportunities of conversation with him. He is not a man of 
 veracity, and his general character in this part of the country is that 
 of an impostor, hypocrite, and liar." 
 
 No. 23. 
 
 Eandolph, N. Y., November 9, 1881. 
 Ellen E. Dickenson : 
 
 Deab Madam : I have read with interest your letters on the 
 " Book of Mormon," in the October number of Scribner's Monthly, and 
 take the liberty to ofEer another source of information. There was 
 living three years ago, near the town of Gilroy, Santa Clara Co., 
 California, a Mrs. Monroe, who claims that Joe Smith was living in 
 her father's house when he discovered the golden plates on which 
 the " Book of Mormon " was inscribed, and that the translation was 
 made then. I do not remember very much of her story, not being 
 interested in the matter at that time ; but I am certain you can ob- 
 tain some very interesting particulars, if you can reach her. 
 I am very truly yours, 
 
 Alice Gket Cowan. 
 
264 APPEXDIX. 
 
 No. 24. 
 Extracts from an old book on Alormonism found at the Astor Library. 
 
 Eleven male residents of Manchester, Ontario Co., N. Y., Novem- 
 ber 3d and 4th, 1833, made an affidavit that the family of Joseph 
 Smith, Sr., with whom the Gold Bible originated, are a lazy, 
 indolent, intemperate set, and their word is not to be depended 
 on. The same day, in the same year, fifty-one other men of standing 
 in the same vicinity state : We, the undersigned, have been ac- 
 quainted with the Smith family for a number of years, while they 
 resided near this place, and have no hesitation in saying. that we 
 consider them destitute of that moral character which ought to en- 
 title them to the confidence of any community. Joseph Smith, Sr., 
 and his son Joseph, in particular, were considered entirely desti- 
 tute of moral character, and addicted to vicious habits, 
 
 No. 25. 
 Testimony of an army officer. 
 
 From an army officer for several years familiar with Mormon habits 
 •we learn some facts which show their animus toward the govern- 
 ment. In 1865 they began and 'persistently followed up the practice 
 of arresting soldiers who were in Salt Lake City from Camp Douglass, 
 and fining them for nominal offence which they induced them to 
 commit, such as giving them spirits, and then arresting them, and 
 fining them under special orders. No Mormon would swear in their 
 behalf, and the officers had no remedy. On one occasion troops 
 were sent to rescue the imprisoned men, and a serious conflict was 
 imminent when Brigham Young disavowed the action of officers, act- 
 ing under his orders, to escape the dilemma. 
 
 The Indians of Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, and Dakota found 
 ready market with Mormon agents for government horses, and anj' 
 stolen, so that at one time thirty branded horses, fully recognized, 
 were found in Salt Lake City, in Mormon stables, within two weeks 
 after they had been stolen by Indians. The same was true of cloth- 
 ing and other supplies, which were not carried to the tribes by the 
 plunderers, but sold to the Mormons by systematic arrangement. 
 This was one reason why the Mormons themselves were rarely dis- 
 turbed by Indians. They excited the Indians against the building of 
 the railroad and of forts and settlements, thus to preserve their iso- 
 lation as long as possible. By systematic false swearing they covered 
 their agents, and by presents and supply of arms and powder 
 fomented Indian hostilities for years. 
 
APPENDIX. 265 
 
 No. 26. 
 
 The following letter from Kev. W. H. Kioe, of Addison, Steuben 
 Co., N. Y., tells its own story. There is a possibility that L. L. Eice, 
 of Honolulu, S. I.; may have a Spaulding manuscript in his posses- 
 sion ; but unquestionably it is not the original " Manuscript Found," 
 from which the "Book of Mormon" was constructed, as all the evi- 
 dence given in these pages will show. Atjthok. 
 
 Addison, N. Y., February 21, 1885. 
 Mks. Ellek E. Dickinson : 
 
 Yours of the 18th is received. "When my father went to Honolulu, 
 he took some documents which had not been examined for many 
 years. A few months since he began to look them over, and found 
 one marked " Conneaut Story. " He found it to be a story in Script- 
 ure narrative style, purporting to be written by Kev. Solomon 
 Spaulding. It must have been unnoticed in his hands forty-five 
 years or more, and he writes me that he has no recollection as to its 
 origin or how it came into his possession. His age is eighty-four. It 
 has been examined by all the best scholars in Honolulu, including 
 Kev. Dr. Hyde, Judge MoCuUy of the Supreme Court, and none of 
 them has expressed a doubt that it is an original manuscript from the 
 pen of Solomon Spaulding. It is similar in style to the "Book of 
 Mormon, " but is not identical with it in any part. It is signed by 
 several " witnesses," all of whom, as I have learned, actual residents 
 of Conneaut or its vicinity— now all dead. Hurlburt is, I believe, 
 one of the names. This is the substance of all I know about it. I 
 should think there could be no doubt that Mr. Spaulding wrote it ; 
 but whether he also wrote other stories in similar style is an impor- 
 tant question. Yours truly, 
 
 W. H. KicB. 
 
 No. 27. 
 
 COPT OF THE TITLE-PAGE OE THE ORIGnTAL EDITION OP 
 THE "book of MOEMON.'* 
 
 A copy of the original edition of the " Book of Mor- 
 mon" is, without doubt, the scarcest book published in 
 
266 APPEKDIX. 
 
 the nineteenth century which has obtained any reputa- 
 tion. As an evidence of this, a gentleman was in search 
 of a copy for a great many years, and always unsuccessful, 
 until a copy came into his possession by accident in New 
 York, among a lot of old school books, which, by the 
 by, in external appearance it strongly resembles. 
 
 The following is an exact copy of the title-page of this 
 book : 
 
 " The) ^ook of Mormon). An account written by 
 the hand of Mormon from plates taken from the plates 
 of l^ephi. "Wherefore it is an abridgement of the 
 Kecord of the people of E'ephi ; and also of the Lame- 
 nites ; written to the Lamenites which are a remnant of 
 the House of Isreal ; and also to Jew and Gentile-; 
 written by way of commandment and also of the spirit 
 of Prophesy and of Eevelation, written and sealed up, 
 and hid up unto the Lord, that they- might not be de- 
 stroyed ; to come forth by the gift and power of God 
 unto the interpretation thereof ; sealed by the hand of 
 Morini and hid up unto the Lord to come forth in due 
 time by the way of Gentiles, the interpretation thereof 
 by the gift of God ; an abridgement taken from the 
 Book of Ethen. Also which is a record of the people of 
 Jared which were scattered at the time, the Lord con- 
 founded the language of the people when they were 
 building a tower to get to Heaven ; which is to show 
 anto the remnant of the House of Isreal how great things 
 the Lord hath done for their fathers, and that they may 
 know the covenants of the Lord, that they are not cast 
 o2 forever ; and also to the convincing of the Jew, and 
 Gentile that Jesas is the Christ the Eternal God, mani- 
 festing Himself unto all nations. And now if there be 
 fault, it be the mistake of man ; wherefore condemn not 
 
APPENDIX. 267 
 
 the things of God, that ye may be found spotless at the 
 Judgment seat of Christ. 
 
 By Joseph Smith, Junioe, 
 
 Author and Proprietor. 
 
 Palmyea. 
 
 Printed by E. D. Geandim-, 
 
 For the Author. 
 
 1830." 
 
 Camp Dougks is situated on a hill overlooking the 
 city. It is occupied by several regiments of Federal 
 troops, under command of United States officers. "While 
 the troops are a nominal safeguard to the Gentiles of 
 Salt Lake Valley, they would be quite inadequate in 
 number to protect them in case of a conflict between the 
 Mormons and Gentiles. 
 
 The Rev. Joseph Cook predicts a civil war in Utah 
 within a few years ; in fact, at almost any time, as a 
 natural sequence to the events now transpiring among 
 the Saints. He affirms that every male Mormon is 
 trained and ready for the conflict. He also asserts that 
 Mormonism without polygamy is so dread an evil, that it 
 should be exterminated at any cost. Every Mormon he 
 considers a sworn enemy to the Federal Government, 
 and that Mormonism is a political as well as spiritual 
 hierarchy, and without immediate and stringent meas- 
 ures are used, in a few years the Mormon leaders will 
 rule every State west of the Mississippi. 
 
269 
 
 lEDEX. 
 
 B. 
 
 " Book of Commandments " for the 
 government of tlie Church, piibliahed 
 while at Independence, Mo., 91. 
 
 "Book of Mormon," copy of the title- 
 page of the original edition, 36C. 
 
 C. 
 
 Celestial marriage, the text of Joseph 
 Smith's pretended revelation on the 
 subject at JIaavoo in 1813, 228. 
 
 Clark, George, copy of hia letter hear- 
 ing on the Spaulding manuscript, 244. 
 
 Clay, Henry, his correspondence with 
 Joseph Smith while at Nauvoo, 99. 
 
 Conneaut, O., visit to by the author and 
 reminiscences of Sam. Spaulding and 
 the iirst Mormon conference held 
 there in 1834, 77. 
 
 Cowan, Alice Grey, important tesll- 
 mony, 2(33. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dickinson, Mrs. Ellen E., letter from 
 Palmyra in New York Evangelist on 
 the "Early Mormon Haunts," 245. 
 
 a. 
 
 Garfleia, President, account of the au- 
 thor's visit to Mentor in 18S0, and Mr. 
 and Mrs. Garfield's statements con- 
 cerning Joe Smith and Rigdon and 
 the Mormons while at Eirtland, only 
 three miles from Mentor, 253. 
 
 Gilbert, J. W., Statement of one of the 
 type-setters of the "Book of Mor- 
 mon," 249. 
 
 Gould, Lorin, statement in relation to 
 Hiram and Henry Lake, and others, 
 268. 
 
 H. 
 
 Haviland, Mrs. Urania, statement in 
 regard to the Spaulding family, 259. 
 
 Howe, E. D., who aided Hurlburt in 
 getting possession of the Spaulding 
 manuscript; a thrilling interview with 
 him by the author in 1380 described, 
 73 ; on the origin of the old Mormon 
 Bible, 259. 
 
 Howg.ate, J. L., statement in regard 
 to starting a new religion, 261. 
 
 Hurlburt, D. P., who pnrloined Spaul 
 ding's manuscript ; sketch of him, 6S ; 
 a thrilling interview with him by the 
 author and Oscar E. Kellogj in No- 
 vember, 1880, 62; statements in rela- 
 tion to his connection with the lost 
 manuscript, 246, 260. 
 
 J. 
 
 Josephites, The, a branch of Mormons 
 calling themselves ''Josephites," and 
 " Latter-Day Saints of the Reorgan- 
 ized Churcti of Jesus Christ," 215 ; 
 their present number; Joseph Smith, 
 Jr., their spiritual leader, 215 ; de- 
 scription of a colony of " Latter-Day 
 Saints" atDennisport,Mass., 223; epit- 
 ome of their faith, 226. 
 
 Kellogg, Oscar E., statement in refer- 
 ence to the author's interview with 
 Dr. Hnrlburt, 245. 
 
270 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lake, Henry, statement of his business 
 and social relaiious with Spaulding, 
 who oflen read to him from the 
 *' Manuscript Found," 243. 
 
 Lake, Hiram, concerning Mormonism 
 in Connecticut, 257. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mormonism, founded by Joseph Smith 
 in laSO at Palmyra, N. Y., 28 ; the 
 "Book of Mormon," printed in Pal- 
 myra in 1830 ; Mormon Church or- 
 ganized soon after, 43 ; iirst Mormon 
 conference held at Payette, N. Y.,43; 
 Sidney Kigdon preaches the first Mor- 
 mon sermon, 43 ; the first mission- 
 aries sent out, 44; removal to Kirt- 
 land, O., 44 ; rapid spread of the de- 
 lusion, 45, 51; the name of "Mor- 
 mons" repudiated and that of "Lat- 
 ter-Day Saints " adopted, 51 ; in 1835 
 the first missionaries sent out to for- 
 eign lands, 53; history of the Mor- 
 mons at Kirtland, 54 ; description of 
 the temple built there, 56 ; the Mor- 
 mons in Missouri, 83 ; what led to 
 the aiTBst of Smith, Ridden, and other 
 leaders, and their imprisonment and 
 the expulsion of their followers from 
 Independence after incredible suffer- 
 ings, which they had provoked, 89 ; 
 "Book of Commandments," publish- 
 ed in 1833, 91 ; the Mormons at Naji- 
 voo, 94; the Mormon temple there, 
 101; a "revelation" establishing polyg- 
 amy, 103 ; brings on a crisis of af- 
 fairs at Nauvoo in 1844 ; the conflict 
 and death of the "Prophet," 108; 
 Brigham Young's election to the 
 presidency, 113 ; sketch of his early 
 years and career as one of the 
 "Twelve Apostles," 114; elected to 
 be the "first president," 115 ; exodus 
 from Nauvoo, 116 ; re-establishment 
 of the Saints in Utah, 125 ; confiict 
 with the Government, the " Minute 
 Men," the "Danites," the "Mountain 
 Meadow Massacre," 133 ; death of 
 Brigham Young, 158 ; nnmherof Mor- 
 mouBat the present day, 184 ; charac- 
 
 ter of Ihe converts and whence drawn, 
 185 ; the "doctrines " of Mormonism, 
 300 ; analysis of the Mormon faiih, 
 302 ; hierarchical organization, 205 ; 
 the "Book of Mormon," 206 ; Church 
 polity, 209 ; the faith of the "Latter- 
 Day Saints," 312 ; their mode of wor- 
 ship, 213 ; a grand conference to be 
 held at Independence, Mo., in April, 
 1885, 217 ; extracts from an old book 
 on Mormonism found in the Astor 
 library, 264 ; testimony of an army 
 ofiacer, 264. 
 Miller, Joseph, letter to the anlhor in. 
 regard to what he knew of Solomon 
 Spaulding, 240. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nauvoo, 111., the capital of Mormondom, 
 95 ; description of it and of the lead- 
 ers while there, 95 ; description of the 
 city after the Mormons abandoned it, 
 117 ; the temple burnt in 1848, 131. 
 
 Patterson, E., of the Pi'esbyiei'ian Ban- 
 ner, an extract from a letter written 
 to him by Mr. Pndolph, the father 
 of Mrs, General Gaifi«ld, 253. 
 
 Polygamy in Utah was established by 
 Smith in Nauvoo, 140 ; Brigham 
 Young, immediately after the settle- 
 ment of the Saints in Zion, had a 
 "revelation" abont "celeslial mar- 
 riage," and did his utmost to promote 
 polygamy, both by bis leaching and. 
 example, 140 ; his official sanction, 
 and the ceremony he used in forming 
 such marriages, 143 ; the degrading 
 and awful effects of the practice, 146 ; 
 copy of the " Edmunds bill " for the 
 suppression of pol3'gamy, 160 ; copy 
 of a bill introduced into the House of 
 Representatives, June 19, 1881, and 
 ordered to be printed, 153 ; trial of 
 Rndger Clauson for polygamy by 
 Judge Zane, 173; John Taylor's tes- 
 timony, 172 ; Varian's speech in be- 
 half of the prosecution, 174 ; the 
 Judge's sentence, 178 ; his charge to 
 the jury in the same case, 183, 
 
IKDEX. 
 
 271 
 
 E 
 
 Eedfield's, Mrs. Ann Treadwell, state- 
 ment in reference to tbe Spauldiiig 
 manuscript, 241. 
 
 Rice, W. H., of Honolulu, and Rice, "W. 
 H., of Addison, N. T., important tes- 
 timony concerning the Spauldmg 
 manuscript, 265. 
 
 Eigdon, Sidney, sketch of his early 
 life, gifts, and character, 47 ; meets 
 Smith, and enters into all his schemes, 
 48 ; becomes a Campbellite preacher, 
 4S; his power as an advocate of the new 
 faith, 50 ; a great number of converts 
 at Kirtlaiid, and wonderful scenes, 51; 
 he establishes numerous societies in 
 Canada, Missouri, Illinois, Virginia, 
 New York, and in nearly all the 
 Northern, Middle, and in several of 
 the Southern States, 52; Smith the tool 
 of Rigdon in formulating the '* Book 
 of Mormon" from tbe "Manuscript 
 Found," which he copied while a print- 
 er in Patterson's office, 53; president 
 of a " wild-cat" bank at Kirtland, 53 ; 
 tricked out of the leadership by Brig- 
 ham Young when Smith was killed. 52; 
 expelled from Nauvoo ; becomes a 
 vagrant, and dies in obscurity and 
 poverty, 53, 
 
 S. 
 
 Salt Lake City, its population, climate, 
 and natural features and surround- 
 ings, 187; its institutions, regula- 
 tions, society matters, etc., 189. 
 
 Smith, Joseph, the founder of Mormon- 
 ismand author of the Mormon Bible; 
 his birth and some account of his 
 father's family; removal to Palmyra, 
 N. Y., 28; his mother*8 influence 
 over him, 30; "Joe Smith'* becomes 
 the head of a band, whose business 
 was to sleep all day and search for 
 hidden treasures at night, 30; how be 
 lived and spent his time during 
 several years, 31 ; becomes a religions 
 fanatic duriu? a revival, claims to 
 work miracles, etc., and gathers a 
 few dissolute followers, 34 ; " Gold 
 Bil)le Hill," where he claimed to dis- 
 cover the plates of the Mormon Bible, 
 
 85 ; his own account of the discovery, 
 and what succeeded, 37; he inveigles a 
 rich farmer, Martin Harris, who 
 furnished him with money, 39; Thur- 
 low Weed declines to print the Bible, 
 40; the book is at last published, and 
 creates intense excitcmenr, in Central 
 and Western New York, 41; the 
 Mormon Church organized w^ith six 
 members, 42; the "First Hegira" 
 made in 1831, 44 ; immense success at 
 tbe West, 45 ; Smith's unsavory repu- 
 tation in Palmyra, 46 ; on his going to 
 Missouri he first organizes a military 
 command, and assumes the preroga- 
 tives of his high military as well aa 
 spTitual mission, 84; his career at 
 Independence, Mo., 83 ; his career at 
 Nauvoo, 111., 94 ; his " revelation" con- 
 cerning polygamy precipitates a crisis 
 and an armed conflict, and Smith and 
 his brotherarekilled,108; his influence 
 over his wife, who after his death 
 published a statement that she had 
 no faith in his prophetic power or 
 pretended revelations, 111, 
 
 Smith, Joseph, Jr., the leader of the 
 Josephites, 215; his account of the 
 persecutions endured in Arizona, 219; 
 he strongly and bitterly denounces 
 the Utah Mormons and polygamy, 222. 
 
 Smith, Oliver, letter to autlior, 261. 
 
 Spaulding, John, his testimony about 
 the Spaulding romance, 242. 
 
 Spaulding, Mrs. Matilda Spaulding 
 McKinstry's statement regarding 
 the " Manuscript Found," 237. 
 
 Spaulding, Samuel, sketch of his life, 13; 
 circumstances leading to his writing 
 the original of the Mormon Bible, 15 ; 
 the romance known as the "Mann- 
 script Found," 16; attempt to get it 
 published, 17 ; reasons for believing 
 that Rigdon made a copy of it while 
 in Patterson's prmtiug-oflice, 17 ; 
 Spanlding'e death, 17. 
 
 Spaulding, Mrs. Samuel, her relations 
 and friends among the leading men 
 of Central New York, 19 ; her resi- 
 dence with "Squire Sabine," her 
 brother, a lawyer of distinction and 
 v/ealth, 19 ; the famous " hair-covered 
 
272 
 
 IJS^I^EX, 
 
 trunk,'* containing sermons, essays, 
 novels, and the famous romance 
 ■whicli has played so conspicuous a 
 part in the Mormon history, 20 ; mar- 
 ries Mr. Davison, 23 ; the Spaulding 
 tj'unk of manuscripts is placed in the 
 custody of a cousin, Jerome Clark, 23; 
 removes to Munson, Mass., and be- 
 comes greatly excited over what she 
 hears of the Mormons, and the report 
 that it was founded on her husband's 
 romance, 23; the manuscript stolen 
 from her tnink.and traced to one Hurl- 
 hurt, who figures in these pages, 27. 
 
 T. 
 
 Taylor, John, elected as puccessor to 
 Brigham Young; early life aod great 
 abilities, 167; fuunded a Mormon 
 Bchool in Paris, called " L'';fitoile de 
 Deeeret;" translated the ''Book of 
 Mormon" into French and German; 
 has written school books to enlighten 
 the Mormons on spiritual matters, 
 168 ; his remarkable testimony in the 
 polygamy case of Eadger Clauson, 173. 
 
 U. 
 
 Utah Territory, boundary, resources, 
 possibilities, etc., 194. 
 
 V. 
 "Vlllere, Rev. Diedfich, recollections 
 of the Mormons in Seneca Co., N. Y., 
 249. 
 
 W. 
 Weed, Thnrlow, statement of his per- 
 sonal knowledge of Joeeph Smith 
 while he lived in Palmyra, £60. 
 
 Whitmer, David, one of the original 
 " witnesses" of Joe Smith, 217. 
 
 Young, Brigham, early years, 113; be- 
 comes one-of the " Twelve Apostles,'' 
 114; elected "First President," and 
 invested with the "Keys," llB ; con- 
 flict with the State authorities and 
 repeal of the charter of Nauvoo in 
 1845, 135; the exodus from Nauvoo 
 in 1846, 116 ; the famous joumey 
 through the wjldei-ness, 125; the arrival 
 of the advance company of the Sainta 
 in Utah, 125 ; a territory organized 
 and Young made governor in 1849, 
 137; he defies the power of the United 
 States Government, and Judge Drum- 
 mond is driven from bis bench by an 
 armed Mormon mob, 128; the day 
 of Young's arrival at Salt Lake City 
 is still observed (July 24tli) instead of 
 July 4th, 132; the ''Minute Men" 
 and the "■ DaniteF," which be organiz- 
 ed for military purposes; the " Moun- 
 tain Meadow Massacre," 133 ; John 
 D. Lee, who was tried and executed 
 by our Government for his part in 
 this butchery, was Bri<,'ham Young's 
 tool, 137; his efforts in lavor of polyg- 
 amy, 140; grants woman's suflCrage 
 in 1871, to strengthen Mormonism,l'i8; 
 death of Brigham Young in 1877, 158; 
 outline of his personal traits and of 
 his life and intercourse with his peo- 
 ple and "wonderful iufinence over 
 them, 161 ; the number of his wives 
 and children, 156. 
 
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 " I have used Mr. Spurgeon's ' Treasury of David ' for three years, and found it 
 worthy of its name, whoso goeth in there will find 'rich spoils.* " — T. L. Cuyler, D.D. 
 
 The Keapee and his Haetest. 
 
 Giving the results of the labors of Bev. E. P. Hammond (Evangelisti, for the 
 Conversion of Oiuldren. Edited by Rev. P. 0. Heauley. Large 12mo, $1.60. 
 
 Thiett Thousand Thotjghts. 
 
 On all Subjects; From all Sources. Authorized American Edition. Edited by 
 the Rev. Canon Spence, Rev. Joseph S. Kxell. Rev. Chaeles Neil, with intro- 
 duction by Very Rev. Dean Howon, D.D. Complete in seven volumes. One 
 every three moLths. Vols. I., II., III. andlV. ready. £3.60 each. 
 
 The CiEW of the Maze; 
 
 or. Modern Infldeliiy and How to Meet It. Toge'her with "The Spare Half 
 Hour." By Rev. C. H. Spueqeon. Paper, 16 cents; cloth, 75 cents. 
 
 TaiiKS to Faembss. 
 
 By Rev. Chaeles H. SptrRQEON. 12mo, 360 pp., cloth, $1.00. 
 
 Talks to Boys and Giels about Jesus. 
 
 With Lible Links to make a Complete and Chronological Life of Christ for the 
 Young. Edited by Rev. "W. P. Obafts. 12mo, 400 pp., cloth, 76 cents: illus- 
 trated, $1.60. 
 
 The Holt Bible. 
 
 Translated according to the Letter and Idiom of the Original Languages by 
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 8vo, 764 pp., cloth, $2.00. 
 
 Traps 3?oe the Young. 
 
 A thrilling description of the author's adventures with crime, and in bringing 
 the victims to justice. A book for parents, divested of all improper language 
 or representations. By Anthony Comsiock, of the Society for the Suppression 
 of Vice, author of " Frauds Exposed." 12mo, cloth. $1.00. 
 
 "Wall Steeet in Histoet. 
 
 Giving the History of this Street from Colonial Times to the present date. 
 ByMAETHAj LAME,authorof ''flistorj of NewYork." Copiously illustrated; 
 ito, cloth, $2.00. 
 
 What oub Gibls Ought to Know. 
 
 By Maey .T. Studley, M.D. A most practical and valuable book: should be 
 placed in the hands ot every girl. Intelligently read, it will accomplish much 
 in the elevation of the human race. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. 
 
 Why Foue Gospels ? 
 
 By D. S Gbegjby, D.D., President of Lake Forest TTniversity. New edition, 
 12mo, $1.60. 
 
 " This is a master-work upon Its special theme. It is the only complete and con- 
 clusive exposition of the distinctive characteristics of the Go'*pel writings and their 
 writers."— J. Glaitwortli Butler, D.D., Author " Butler's Bible Work." 
 
14 PVBLIOATIOWS OF FUNK <« WAG^ALLS, NEW TORK. 
 
 Best Books for a Trifle, printed in readable type, on fair paper, and bound in 
 
 maniUa, without abridgment except Noa. 0-7, 9-10. All books witb8tar{*) 
 
 (16 vols.) ar-' also bound in one volume, cloth, $3.60. ^g^Books -with dagger 
 
 (t) are also bound separate yin cloth. 
 
 No. Price. 
 
 *1. John Ploughman's Tai.e. Spurgeon...) tj.^^ *„ ^^ 
 
 Choice OF Books. Carlyle. 4to ( i3om.; $u ij 
 
 *2. Manliness OF Chbist. 1 ho mas Hughes. 4to.,... 10 
 
 3. Essays. Lord Macaulay. ito 16 
 
 4. LighpofAsia. Edwin Arnold, i*;© 15 
 
 *5. Imitation of Christ. Thomas a Kempis. 4to 16 
 
 *6-7. LiFifl OF Christ. Canon Tarrar. 4:to 60 
 
 8. EasATS. Thomas Carlyle. itto 20 
 
 *9-10. Life AND Work or St. Paul. Canon Farrar. 4:to 50 
 
 *11. Self Culture. Prof. J. S. Blackie. 4to 10 
 
 tl2-19. Knight s Populau History of England. 4to .... 2 80 
 
 *20-21. Letters TO Workman AND LAE0BEB3. Ruskin. 4to 3J 
 
 22. Idyls OF the King. Alfred Tennyson. 4to «. 20 
 
 23. Life op Rowland Hill. V. J. Charlesworth. 4to 15 
 
 24. Town Geology. Charles Kingsley. 4to 15 
 
 25. Alfred THE Great. Thos, Hughes. 4to 20 
 
 26. Outdoor Life IN Europe. E P. Thwing. 4to 20 
 
 27. Calamities OF Authors I. D' Israeli. 4to , '. 20 
 
 28. Salon OF Madame Nbcker. Parti, 4to 15 
 
 29. Ethics of THE Dust. John Buskin. 4j;o 15 
 
 30-31. Memories of My Exile. Louis Kossuth. 4to 40 
 
 *32. Mister Horn and His Friends. Illustrated. 4to 15 
 
 33-34. ORATIONS OF Demosthenes. 4to 40 
 
 35. Frondes Agrestes. Joan Ruskin. 4to "..! 15 
 
 36. Joan OF Aro. Alphonse de Lamartine. 4to 10 
 
 37. Thoughts of M. Aubelius Antoninus. 4to 15 
 
 38. Palon OF Madame Neckee. Partll. 4to 15 
 
 39. The Hermits. Charles Kingsley. 4to 15 
 
 *40. John Ploughman's Pictures. Bpurgeon. 4to .'..' 15 
 
 *41. Pulpit Table- Talk. Dean Ramsay. 4to 10 
 
 *42. Bible and Newspaper. O. H. tipurgeon. 4to 1 15 
 
 43. Laoon. Rev. O.Colton. 4to 20 
 
 44. Goldsmith's Cctizen of the World. 4to '.'.".'.'!.'.... 20 
 
 45. America Revisited. George Augustus Sala, 4to.. 20 
 
 46. Life of C. H. Spubgeon. avo !..!..,*. 20 
 
 t47, JomnCalvjn. M. Guizot, 4to .." ..!!.'! I 15 
 
 i4^-49. Dickens' Christmas Book. Hlustrated. 8vo 60 
 
 60. Shaibp's Cdltdee AND Religion. 8vo .'."* 15 
 
 t51-62. GoDET s Commentary on Luke. 8vo ..." !.'.".'.* 2 00 
 
 t53. Diary of A Minister's Wife, Parti. 8vo '.'.'.'. 15 
 
 154-57. Van DoREN's Commentary on Luke. 8vo 3 00 
 
 168. Diary of a Minister s Wife. Part II. 8vo ' .' ' . , 15 
 
 59. The Nutuitivb Cure. Dr. Robert Walter. 8to 15 
 
 +60. Sartor ReSaetus. Thomas Carlyle. 4lo 25 
 
 t61-62. LoTHAtR. Lord BeacODsfield. 8vo !..! . " 50 
 
 63. The Persian Queen. E. P. Thwing. 8vo [/.'. 10 
 
 64. Salon OF Madame Neoker. Part in. 4to ,.. 16 
 
 t65-66. History of English B elb Translation. Conant 60 
 
 67. Ingersoll Answered. Joseph Paiker, D.D. 8vo 15 
 
 168-69. Studies in Mark. D. C. Hughes. 8vo (if> 
 
 70. Job 8 Comforters. ASatire, Dr. Parker. 16mo .*.* 10 
 
 t71. Reviser's English. G W, Moon. 12mo 20 
 
 +V2. Conversion OF Children. Hammond. 12mo 30 
 
 73. New Testament Helps. Rev. W. F. Crafts. 8vo ,. 20 
 
 74. Opium— England's Policy. Llggius. 8 vo. 10 
 
 +76. Blood » F Jesus. Rev. Wm. A. Reid. 12mo 10 
 
 76, Lesson in the Cloe.et. Chas. F. Deems, D.D. 12mo .-. 20 
 
 t"7-78. Hebobs AND Holidays. Rev. W. F. Crafts. 12mo 60 
 
 79. REMIHIflOENCES OF LYMAN BEEOHUR, 1>.X>. 8 VO 10 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF FUNK <g WAONALLS, NEW YORK. 15 
 
 Biograpliy, Popular Science, Travel, History and General Literature. Previous 
 numbers (1-79) of this Library are known as Standabd Seb es. These books 
 are uniform m style of binding. 1. Paper cover Edition, prices 15 to 25 cents. 
 2. Cheap cloth Edition, price 60 cents each. 3. Fine cloth (Edition de Luxe) 
 75 cents and $1.00. 15-cent paper bound issues, 75 cents in cloth; 25-ceiit 
 paper issues, $1.00 cloth. 
 
 J8®* ALL EDITIONS AEE 13mo IN SIZE. 
 
 No. Price. 
 
 80. Life of Cboiiwell. By Paxton Hood. Paper, 25 cts.; cloth $1 00 
 
 81. Science IN ShoetChapteks. By'W.M. "Williams. Paper, 25 cts ; cloth.. 100 
 
 82. Ameeican HuMcmsTs. By H. E. Haweis. Paper, 15 cts.; cloth 75 
 
 83. LrvES OF Illtjstkious Shoemakers. By W. E "Winks. Paper, 25 cts.; 
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 84. Flotsam and Jetsam. By Thomas Gibson Bowles. Paper, 25 cts.; 
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 85. Highways of LirEEATURE; or "What to Read and How to Read. By 
 David Pryde. Piper, 15 cts. ; cloth 75 
 
 86. Colin Clout's Calendah; or, a Record of a Summer. By Grant Allen. 
 Paper, 25 cts.; cloth 1 00 
 
 87. Es^ats of Geoege Eliot. Collected by Nathan Sheppard. Paper, 
 25ctE.; cloth 1 00 
 
 88. Chaklotte Beonte. By L. C. Holloway. Paper, 15 cts.; cloth ■. . 75 
 
 89. SiMHoBAitT. By Justin D. Fulton. Paper, 25 cts.; cloth 100 
 
 90. Successful Men of To-Day, and What They ?ay of Success. By "Wil- 
 bur F. Crafts. Paper, 25 cts.; cloth 1 00 
 
 91. Nature Studies. By Richard A. Proctor. Paper, 25 cts.; clolh 1 00 
 
 92. India: What Can It Teach "Ds ? BvMaxMuller. Paper, 25 cts.; cloth.. 1 00 
 
 93. A Winter in India. By W. E. Baxter, M. P. Paper, 15 cts. ; cloth 75 
 
 94. Scottish Chaeacteeistics. ByPaxton Hood. Paper, 26 cts.; cloth.. 100 
 
 95. HiSTOBiCAL AND OTHER SKETCHES. By Jamcs Authouy Froude. Paper, 
 
 25 cts. ; cloth 1 00 
 
 96. Jewish Artisan Life in the Time of Jesus. By Prof. Franz Delitzsch. 
 Paper, 15 cts.; cloth 75 
 
 97. Scientific Sophisms. By Samuel Wainright. Paper, 25 cts. ; cloth... 100 
 
 98. Illustrations and Meditations. By C. H. Spurgeon. Paper, 25 cts.; 
 clotlL 100 
 
 99. French Celebrities. Part I. By Ernest Daudet and others. Paper, 
 
 15 cts.; cloth 75 
 
 100. By- Ways of Liteeatube. By D. H. Wheeler, LL. D., Pres. Allegheny 
 College. Paper 25cts.; cloth 1 00 
 
 101. Life of Martin Luther, based upon "Koestlin's Life of Luther." 
 Translated and edited by Rev. George F. Behringer. Paper, 25 6ts.; 
 cloth 100 
 
 102. French Celebrities. Part n. ^ By Claretie and others. Paper, 15 
 
 cts. ; cloth 75 
 
 103. Our Christmas in a Palace, By Edward Everett Hale. Paper, 25 cts.; 
 cloth 1 00 
 
 104. With THE Poets. By Canon Farrar. Paper, 25 ct6.: cloth 100 
 
 106. LrPEOF ZwiNGLi. ByProf.Grob. Paper, 26cts.; cloth 1 oo 
 
16 PUBLICATIONS OF FJTXK d WAOXALLS, NEW YORK. 
 
 The STAiiDAitD LiBitABY for 1884 contains none "bTit absolutely new works, and 
 many of them by the ablest American writers of fiction. The series contains 
 26 volumes, 12m'o, printed on good paper, in clear, large type, and bound in 
 paper covers with artistic designs, and in cloth, on extra heavy paper, mth 
 back and side gold stamp, in variously colored bindings. 
 
 PBiois : PiPEB, 15 and 26 cents per volume; cloth, 76 cents and $1.00. 
 
 No. Price, 
 
 106. Stobt op the Mebv. Epitomized from " The Merv Oasis *' by the 
 author, Edmond O'Donovan. Paper, 26 cents ; cloth $1 00 
 
 107. McMU. AND TheDaieyof A PupEBFLUous Man. Two Novels. By Ivan 
 Turgpnieff. Translated from the Bussian. One Volume. Paper, 15 
 cents; cloth .' 76 
 
 108. Memobte and Bime. stories. Poems and Stetches. Also " Leaves from 
 
 my Journal," By Joaquin Miller. Paijer, 25 cents; cloth 100 
 
 109. Chbistianitt Triumphant. By John P. Newman, D.D. A most graphic 
 and eloquent account of the vici ories achieved by Christianity. Paper, 
 
 13 cents; cloth 76 
 
 110. The Bowsham" Puzzle. A new Novel. By John Habberton, author of 
 
 *' Helen's Babies." Paper, 25 cents; cloth 1 00 
 
 111. My Musical Memobies. A volume of reminiscences. By H. R. Haweis, 
 A.M. Paper, 25 cents; cloth 100 
 
 112. Abchibau> Malmaison. a Novel. By Julian Hawthorne. Paper, 15 
 cents; cloth 75 
 
 113. In the Heabt of Afbioa. Travels of Sir Samuel Baker, F. E. G. S. 
 WithMap. Paper, 26 ots; cloth.. 100 
 
 Hi. The Clew of the Maze; or. Modern Infidelity and How to Meet It. 
 Together with a series of non-reHgioue papers, "Tlie Spare Half- 
 Hour." By Bev. C. H. Spurgeon. Paper, 15 cts.; cloth 75 
 
 115. The FoETUNEs OF Eaohel. a Hovel. By Edward Everett Hale. Paper, 
 
 ■ 25 eta.; cloth 1 00 
 
 116. Chinkse Gobdon. A Succinct Record of his Life. By Archibald Forbes. 
 Paper, 16 cts.; cloth $0 76 
 
 117. Wit, Wisdom and Philosopht. By Jean Paul Eichter. Paper, 26 cts. ; 
 cloth 1 00 
 
 118. Himself Again. A Novel. By J. 0. Goldsmith. Paper, 25 ots. ; cloth, 1 00 
 
 119. The Home in Poetby. A collection of English and American verse on 
 
 The Home. By Laura C. Holloway . Paper, 26 cts. ; cloth 1 00 
 
 120. NuMBEB One, Mm How to Taee Caee of Him. A series of familiar 
 talks on Dress, Diet and Social and Sanitary Science. ' By Joseph J. 
 Pope, M. D., of Victoria Hospital, England. Paper, 15 cts. ; cloth 76 
 
 121. EuTHEEFOKD. A Novel. By Edgar Fawcett. Paper, 26 cts. ; cloth 1 00 
 
 122. Ten Yeabs a Pouoe Couet Judge. By Judge Wiglittle. Paper, 25 cts. ; 
 cloth 1 00 
 
 123. '49— The Gold Seekeb of the Siebbas, By Joaquin Miller. Paper, 16 
 ots.; cloth 76 
 
 124. A Yankee School Teaohee in Vibgibia., By Lydia Wood Baldwin. 
 Paper,26cts.; cloth 1 00 
 
 126. Life or Wyoliffe. By John Laird Wilson. Paper, 25 cts.; cloth. .. 100 
 
 126. AnOldSailoe'sYabns. By Capt. Eoland Cofan. Paper, 15 cts. ; cloth. 78 
 
 127. Out of Egypt. Bible Readings on the Book of Exodus. By Bev. Geo. 
 
 1'' . Pentecost, D.D. Paper, 26 cts. ; cloth 100 
 
 128. Teue. a Novel. By George Parsons Lathrop. Paper, 26 cts ; cloth... 100 
 
 129. PniNOE S.iBONi's Wife, and The Peael-bhell Necklace. Two Novels. 
 
 By Julian Hawthorne. In one volume. Paper, 15 cts ; cloth 76 
 
 180. Chbistmas in Naeeagansett. By Edward Everett Hale. Paper, 26 cts. ; 
 
 cloth 100 
 
 131, Edwin Abnold as Poetizee and as Paganizee; or, " The Light of Asia, 
 
 examined for its Literature and Buddhism." Paper, 15 ots.; cloth.... 75 
 
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