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THE 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 OP 
 
 PLANTS. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
THE 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 PLANTS. 
 
 BY 
 
 H. BAILLON, 
 
 PEESIDENT OF THE LINN^AN SOCIETY OP PABIS, 
 
 PROrBSSOB OP MEDICAL NATITRAI. HISTOBY AND DIBECTOR OP THE BOTANICAL GABDBN 
 
 OP THE PACULIY OP MEDICINE OP PABIS. 
 
 TRANSLATED BY 
 
 MA EC US M. HAETOa, B. Sc. (Lond.). 
 
 SCHOLAB OP TBINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 VOL. n. 
 
 CONNABACBiE, LEGUMINOSiE-MIMOSE^, LEGUMINOSiE- 
 
 C^SALPmiB^, LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACE^, PEOTEACE^, 
 
 LAURACB^, ELiEAGNACE^, AND MYJJISTICACE.^. 
 
 LONDON : 
 L. REEVE & CO., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 1872. 
 
qk 
 
 v.x 
 
 274135 
 
 \^^-r,■- ' FY 
 
 Lonsoir : 
 
 SAVIIL, BDWAEBS AHD 00., PBIHTDRS, CHANDOS BTKIiBT, 
 COTEKT OAEDES. 
 
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 In bringing this second volume of Professor Baillon's Histoire 
 des Plantes before the English reader, I think it well to say a word 
 on what I have held to be the duty of the translator, and how 
 I have attempted to fulfil it. The former may be very shortly sum- 
 marized : to present the book as the Author might have done had he 
 written in English. This I have tried to carry out by striving in 
 all cases to master the sense accurately in the first instance ; in the 
 few cases where the text was ambiguous or obscure I have consulted 
 other authorities. "Where the sense "of an English writer is given I 
 have given or condensed the original, following the plan of the 
 French text. Many of the references have been collated and, where 
 necessary, corrected ; while I have added a number referring to 
 Vol. II. of Professor Oliver's Flora of Tropical Africa, and Vol. V. 
 of Mr. Bentham's Mora Australiensis, which have been published 
 since the issue of the French edition. 
 
 In this volume I have again to acknowledge the aid of my brother 
 Numa. He- translated the " genera" of Connaracea, LeguminoscB (up 
 to No. 393 of Pafiilionaceee), M^agnacece, Mgristicaeece, and the 
 first few of ProteacecB and Lauracece. To free me partially for a 
 heavy press of academic work, he, with rare kindness, undertook 
 this task, which was stopped by his fatal illness. I cannot refrain 
 
vi TBANSLATOB'S PBEFAOE. 
 
 from mentioning how much. I have always owed to his unfailing 
 brotherly love and sympathy. But words are powerless to express 
 feelings, and I have no right to say more here on this matter; so 
 much I could not omit. 
 
 One word on the unfortunate delay in the appearance of this 
 volume. It is due to various causes, whereof I may mention severe 
 domestic losses, and heavy examination work ; whUe the printers' 
 strike caused- still more delay, I trust this wiU not occur with the 
 next volume,, which is now fairly in hand. 
 
 Marcus M. Hartog. 
 
 TEnriTY CoiLEGE, Cambeidqe, 
 September, 1872. 
 
NATUEAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 VII. CONNAKACEiE. 
 
 I. CONNAEUS SEEIES. 
 
 Connarus^ (figs. 1-8) has regular hermaplirodite flowers. Its recep- 
 tacle is convex, or sligMly concave at tlie apex, and bears successively 
 
 Connams {OmpTialobimn) Patrisii. 
 
 Fig. 1.— Habit. 
 
 ' L., Gen., n. 830.— Adans., Fcm. des PL, ii. 94; Snppl., ii. 343; III, t. 612.— K., in Am. 
 ii. 343.— J., Gen., 369, 452, 453.— Lamk., Diet., So. Nat., ser. 1, ii. 359.— B. Bb., Congo, 433 ; 
 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 a calyx: of five free sepals/ quincuncially imbricated in the bud, and a 
 corolla of five alternating petals,' also free and imbricated in the bud. 
 The androceum consists of two whorls of stamens, cohering by the 
 bases of the filaments, which are then free for the greater part of the 
 
 Comiarus (Omphalolium) Patrisii. 
 
 FlQ. 2. 
 Flower. 
 
 Fi&. 4. 
 Lonijitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Fio. 3. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fia. 6. 
 Longitudinal section of frnit. 
 
 length, and bear introrse two-celled anthers dehiscing by two longi- 
 tudinal clefts. The five stamens superposed to the petals have 
 usually shorter filaments and smaller anthers than in the alterni- 
 petalous stamens, and their anthers may even become sterile. There 
 is no true disk.' The gynseceum consists of five free oppositipetalous^ 
 
 Misc. Worlcs, ed. Benn., i. 113. — DC, Mem. 
 sur les Connarus et Omphalobium, ou sw les 
 Connwracees Sarcoloiees (^in Mem. Soo. Hist. 
 Nat. de Par., ii. 383, 1. 16, IV) j Prodr., ii. 84. 
 — Ekdi., Gen., n. 5948.— B. H., Gen., 432, 
 1001, n. 5. — H. lilt, in Ann. de la Soo. lAwn. 
 de Maine-et-Loire, ix. 57; Adansoma, vii. 233. 
 — Tapomana Adans., loc. cit. — Omphalohium 
 Gjektn., Priwt., i. 217, t. 46.— DC, loc. cit., 
 386. — Enbi., Gen., n. 5949. — Santaloides L., 
 Fl. Zeyl., 11. 408 ? — Malbrancia Neck., Mem., 
 1171. — Erythrosiigma Hassk., in Bot. Zeit., 
 XXV. Beibl., ii. 45; Cat. ITort. Bogor., 24S. — 
 Anisostemon TuECZ., in Pull. Mosc. (1847), ii. 
 152. 
 
 ' They are elongated, usually thickened, and 
 becoming more or less succulent at the base. 
 There is often a projecting dorsal rib. 
 
 2 They are narrow and elongated, contracted 
 near the base, and thinning off at the edges, by 
 
 which they often stick together at the points of 
 contact. They are always longer than the 
 sepals, and usually extend a good way beyond 
 them. They are almost always sprinkled with 
 irregular blackish or dark purple spots. Some- 
 times these are of very unequal size, and the 
 limb of the petal looks like " chin^ " stuff. In 
 several of our herbarium species, collectors have 
 remarked that the corolla is very odoriferous, 
 and that its scent attracts numbers of insects. 
 
 * What has been described as such is pro- 
 bably the circular swelling of the base of the 
 androceum, which is so well marked in certain 
 African species, especially in our C. Dtipargwe- 
 tiaims (see Adamsonia, loc. cit., 236, note 1). 
 
 ■* R. Beown thought that the fertile carpel of 
 Omphalobium was superposed to a sepal, not a 
 petal. But we have shown that there is in this 
 respect no difference between the two types (see 
 Adansonia, loc. cit., 233). 
 
CONNAEAOE^. 
 
 Conna/ns africanus. 
 
 carpels of unequal development, one or more of which may abort when 
 the flower has attained a variable age.' Each carpel is formed of a 
 one- celled ovary, tapering above into a style of variable length, which 
 dilates at the tip into a stigmatiferous head.'' In the ventral angle 
 of the ovary-ceU, and somewhere near its base, is seen a placenta 
 bearing two collateral ascending ovules, which are orthotropous, or 
 nearly so,* so that the micropyle is quite superior. The fruit, which 
 may be accompanied by the remains of the non-accrescent calyx,* 
 consists of only a single fertile follicle (figs. 5 and 8), 
 which is stipitate, with a more or less elongated dry 
 coriaceous pericarp,* dehiscing over a variable extent, 
 beginning at the ventral angle. It contains a single 
 erect orthotropous or suborthotropous seed,^ at whose 
 base is a lobed fleshy umbilical aril of variable form 
 and size (figs. 6 and 7). Within the seed coats is a large 
 fleshy exalbuminous embryo, with a superior radicle 
 and thick plano-convex cotyledons. The genus Connarus 
 consists of half a hundred species of trees and shrubs 
 from the tropical parts of America,' Africa,* and Asia," 
 and, in a few rare cases, Oceania.'" Their branches, which are some- 
 times sarmentose, bear persistent alternate exstipulate leaves, impari- 
 pinnate, or more rarely trifoliolate. The flowers are in racemes, simple 
 or with cymose ramifications ; these racemes, usually many-flowered, 
 are axLUary to the leaves, or terminate the branches. 
 
 ' On this character alone was founded the 
 genus OmpTialobium, whose flowers have often, 
 though not constantly, only a single well-de- 
 veloped carpel at anthesis, and have normally 
 but one capsule in the ripe fi'uit. Some fruits 
 of Cotmarus Patrisii are however exceptional, 
 and consist of two carpels (flg. 1). 
 
 ' In this genus, as in several others, the form 
 of this dilatation is very variable — sometimes 
 regular and subcircular, sometimes flattened and 
 turned outwards, here entire, there more or less 
 deeply two-lobed. 
 
 ' The hilum is not constantly basilar, and 
 diametrically opposed to the micropyle; but is 
 often some way up the side of the ovule, looking 
 towards the ventral angle of the ovary. The 
 first step towards the incomplete anatropy of 
 the ovule, which we shall find in several genera ; 
 and this shows how little real value should be 
 attached to this character of orthotropy which, 
 as we shall see, is not absolute, in all the 
 genera of this order, and of several others. 
 
 * When the calyx persists, as is usually the 
 
 case, its leaves are pretty closely applied to th^ 
 stalk of the fruit it surrounds. 
 
 * Iways slightly oblique and nnsymmetrical 
 when we get its exact profile, looking at it so 
 that the midrib of the pericarp is on the one 
 side, and the ventral angle on the other. 
 
 ^ The hilum varies in situation just like the 
 ovule. 
 
 ' Pi., in Lirmaa, xxiii. 429. — Gbiseb., Fl. 
 Brit. W. Ind., 228.— Kaest., Fl. CoTmnb., t. 
 137. — H. Bn., in Adcmsoma, ix. 151, u. 25. 
 
 ' ScHUM. & Thonn., Beskr., 299. — Lamk., 
 Diet., ii. 95.— GuiLl. & Peeb., Fl. Seneg., 
 Tent., 156. — H^ ,Bn., in Adansonia, vii. 235. — 
 Bakee, in Olit. Fl. Trap. Afric., i. 456. 
 
 9 W., Sfec, iii. 692.— G^etn., Fruct., i. 
 27. — Cat., Dissert., vii. 375.^ — Pi., loc. cit, 
 425.— Thw., Fntim. Fl. Zeyl., 80. 
 
 '» Bl., Mus. Bot. Imgd.-Bat., 266.— MiQ., 
 Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. p. 2, 662; Suppl., i. 529.— 
 A. Geay, in Unit. States Fxpl. Fxpd. Bot., 
 375, t. 45.— Walp., Ann., ii. 300 ; iv. 451. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 NATURAL SISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Agelcsai^ formerly confounded with Connarus, is only distinguished 
 from it by characters of very slight importance. The leaves are 
 always trifoliolate ; the calyx persists around the fruit, without, how- 
 ever, being closely applied, as in Connarus, to its foot, which is here 
 shorter, or even quite wanting. The petals and stamens offer several 
 variations in form and size. 
 
 To the genus AgelcBa botanists are generally agreed in adding 
 Hemiandrina^ which consists of plants from India and the Indian 
 Archipelago, whose flowers are usually trimerous or tetramerous, and 
 only rarely pentamerous, with the petals narrow and elongated, and 
 the sepals valvate, or scarcely imbricate in the bud.^ Thus consti- 
 tuted, the genus Agelcea consists of half a score species* from the 
 tropical regions of the Old "World, namely, Gruinea, Madagascar, 
 India, and the Indian Archipelago. They are bushy shrubs, erect 
 or climbing, with trifoliolate leaves, whose lateral leaflets are un- 
 symmetrical, and with usually numerous flowers in axiUary or lateral 
 ramified racemes of cymes. 
 
 Boured' (Fr., Bourelle), with all the floral characters of Connarus, 
 differs from it in the two following points : — The carpels, variable in 
 number, which go to form the fruit, are sessile instead of possessing 
 a slender foot; and the calyx begins enlarging around them from the 
 moment the fruit sets, so as to hide it more or less completely. 
 About two score species are known, trees or shrubs (sometimes 
 climbing) from tropical Asia," Africa,' and America.' The leaves are 
 
 ' SoiAND., ex Pl., in lAmuBa, xxiii. 437. — So. Nat., t. 276. — -Waip., Ann., ii. 305. — 
 
 B. H., Gen., 432, n. 3. — H. Elf., in Adwnsonia, H. Bu., loc. eii., 240. — Bakee, loa. cit., 453. 
 
 vii. 297. 5 Sowrea AuBl., Ghiian., i. 467, t. 187. — 
 
 2 Hook. F., in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiii. 171, J., O-en., 369.— Lamk., Diet., vi. 317. — B. H., 
 
 t. 28. — Troostvryckia MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., Qen., 432, n. 4. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, vii. 
 
 Suppl., i. 531 ; in Ann. Mus. iMgd.-Bai., iii. 228. — Sobergia Soheeb., Gen., 309. — Canicidia 
 
 88. — B. H., Gen., 434, n. 12. Vblloz., FL Fhim., iv. t. 129. — Uowreopsis 
 
 ' J. HooKEE has made nse of these variable Pl., in Linncea, xxiii. 423. — Conma/ri spec. DC, 
 
 characters to split up Agelma into five sections, Frodr., ii. 85. — Enbl., Gen., n. 5948. 
 
 characterized as follows: — "'\.Pelala libera. ? Santaloides h., Fl. Zei/l., a. iOS. 
 
 iSlamina 5 libera inchtsa. — 2. Petala libera. ^ Vahl., 81/mb:, iii. 87. WiaHT & Aen. 
 
 Stamina 10 hasi breviter .connata exsevta. Frodr., 144. — Hook. & Aiw., Bot. Beech. Voy,, 
 
 Ovaria 5. — 3. Petala leviter connata. Stamina 179. — MiQ., ii'i. /neZ.-^af., i. p. 2, 657; Suppl., 
 
 10 basi connata exserta. Ovaria 5, — 4. Petala i, 528. — Bl., op. cit., 262. 
 
 libera. Stamina 5 libera; Jilamenfis scepe apice ' Pal. Beaut., Fl. Ow. et Ben., i. 98 t. 60. 
 
 recunis ; ani/ierancm loculis deniwm confluent H, Bn., loc. cit., 230-232 • viii. 198. Bakee 
 
 tibus. Ovaria 3-5. — 5. Petala libera. Sia- loc. cit., 455. See also for the species of 
 
 mina 10 libera; antheris rec.irvis extrorsum different countries, Pl., in iimMtsa, xxiii. 413. 
 
 speetanlibus (Hemiandrina)." Walp., Ann., ii. 295. 
 
 ■* DC, Frodr., ii. 86. — Deless., Icon., ^ Gkisee., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 228. — Pl., loc. 
 
 Select., iii. 35, t. 58. — Tuep., in Diet, des cit., iii. — H. Bn., in .^iZoasowa, ix. 149, n. 23. 
 
GONNABAOEM. 5 
 
 alternate imparipinnate,' and the flowers are axillary to the leaves, 
 as in Gonnarus. 
 
 A distinct genus has been made of Byrsocarpus^ in which the 
 calyx, instead of being closely applied to the base of the fruit, 
 diverges more or less, or even becomes spreading at maturity. But 
 this character is often ill-marked,' and is, moreover, of so very little 
 value that it will only allow us to consider Byrsocarpus as a section 
 of the genus Bourea, of which it has altogether the floral and vege- 
 tive organs/ This little group contains seven or eight African 
 species, some from the west coast,' and others from the east coast 
 and Madagascar/ 
 
 So we have been unable to exclude from the genus Bourea 
 the Brazilian species Bernardinia fluminensis,^ in which the calyx 
 falls off" before the fruit is ripe/ Thus we admit three sections" 
 in the genus Bourea, often difficult of clear discrimination by these 
 characters drawn from the calyx. 
 
 II. CNESTIS SEEIES. 
 
 Cnestis^" (figs. 9-11) has hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers. 
 In the former the receptacle is the same as in Gonnarus. The calyx 
 consists of five free sepals, valvate in the bud, while the alternating 
 petals, of the same number as the sepals but usually shorter," have 
 
 ' Sometimes reduced to three leaflets, or even ' Pl., in Linncea, xxiii. 412. — B. H., &en., 
 
 to a single one; these variations may be met 431, n. 2. — Walp., Arm., ii. 295. 
 
 with on one and the same plant, as indicated by ° See Adansonia, vii. 232. It is not usual 
 
 the specific name of M. heterophylla. to separate those species of Coimams in which 
 
 * SCHUM. & Thonn., Seslcr., 226. — B. H., the calyx thus comes off from the base of the 
 Oen., 431, n. 1. — H. Bn., in Adaasonia, vii. fruit, ftom the rest of the genus. 
 
 229. ' I. Uitrotirea, 2. Syrsocarpus, 3. Semdr- 
 
 ^ " In the series of species from Madagascar dinia. 
 
 we find every intermediate stage in this respect '"J., G^en., 374. — Lamk., Diet., iii. 23 ; 
 
 between the Bengal species of Byrsocarpus, with Suppl., ii. 828 ; III., t. 387. — R. Bb., Congo, 
 
 spreading sepals, and those mimosoid Sonreas 423; Misc. Worlcs, ed. Benn., i. 113. — DC, 
 
 from Tropical Africa, w^here the calyx is more or Prod/r., ii. 86. — K., in Ann. 8c. Nat. ser. 1, 
 
 less markedly constricted." (See H. Bn., loo. ii. 359. — Enbl., Gen., n. 5950.— B. H., Gen,., 
 
 cit., 229.) 433, n. 8. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, vii. 240., 
 
 * And again, we have observed, "If Byrso- " Their breadth is often nearly equal to their 
 carpus were considered as a section of the genus length, and the apex is rounded or emarginate, 
 Bourea, it would be very difficult to separate but in some species they are more elongated 
 this section from Mirourea, which would con- like ribbons. In C. corniculata Lamk. (Diet., 
 tain Bowrea proper." iii. 23, n. 3 ; — Agelaa pruriens Soland., herb. ; 
 
 ^ Pi., in Linneea, 412. — Hook., Niger., — Spondioidts pruriens Smeatum., herb.), the 
 
 290. — Bakbb, loo. cit., 452. — Waip., Ann., ii. petals may exceed the sepals in length by a 
 
 294. variable extent. So too iu C. polypM/lla Lamk. 
 
 6 H. Bn., loc. cit., 230-234. {Diet., loc. cit., n. 2). 
 
6 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 a variable prsefloration. Thus in C. glabra^ they are valvate, or 
 may even not touch at all by their edges in the very young bud 
 (fig. 11). In other species, such as C.femginea^ they are narrowly 
 imbricated, or more rarely contorted. The androceum consists of 
 ten stamens, five superposed to the sepals, and five, smaller, to the 
 petals ; for a short distance they are all united by the base of their 
 filaments, which then become free, and bear an introrse two-celled 
 anther dehiscing longitudinally.' On the expansion of the flower 
 
 Cnestis glabra. 
 
 Fia. 10. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 the much elongated apex of the filament is reflexed outwards, 
 inverting the anther so as to make it extrorse. The gynseceum 
 consists of five oppositipetalous carpels, whose ovaries are sessile, 
 each surmounted by a usually short style, truncate or more or less 
 dilated and stigmatiferous at the apex. In each ovary we find two 
 collateral ascending orlhotropous or suborthotropous ovules, inserted 
 towards the base of the ovary ; their micropyles are superior. The 
 calyx may or may not be persistent, often reflexed around the fruit, 
 but it is never accrescent; the fruit consists of one or more sessile 
 follicles, often tapering at the base, covered with velvety down, and 
 lined by long, rigid, stinging hairs.* They contain an erect seed, 
 
 ' Lamk., Diet., loc. cit., u. 1 ; lU., t. 38V, 
 fig. 1. — DC, Frod/r., n. 1. — Sarmienta cavli- 
 flora SlEB., Fl. Mawr. Fxs., p. ii. ii. 285. 
 
 2 DC, Frodr., ii. 87, n. 3.— C. fraterna 
 I'L., loc. cit., 440. — Spondioides ferruginea 
 Smeathm., lierb. 
 
 'In certain species such as C. femgmea 
 DC, each anther-cell is prolonged downwards 
 into a sort of point which is turned up when the 
 anther is reversed so as to he extrorse. 
 
 ^ The hairs have two difierent seats in the 
 fruit of Cnestis. One kind of hair (only found 
 in certain species) is found on the exterior 
 epidermis of the pericarp. The hairs are 
 greatly developed in C corniculaia Lamk., 
 
 where they are stinging, which fact accounts for 
 the name Agelaa prvriens, given to that species 
 by SoiANBEK. Under a sufficient magnifying 
 power they appear simple, unicellular, and taper- 
 ing to a long point. Around the base are seen 
 a large number of younger hairs, projecting but 
 slightly, though similar in form; besides pro- 
 minent conical ohovate or clavate nucleated cells 
 containing a coloured fluid. On the whole of 
 the inner surface of the pericarp all the species 
 possess similar pointed unicellular hairs in great 
 abundance and closely pressed together j in some 
 pericarps they may he counted by thousands. 
 These also sting, we are told, in the fresh state. 
 This property has given the names of Orattelier 
 
GONNABAOEM. 7 
 
 within whose coats is found a fleshy albumen, at whose apex is a 
 pretty long embryo, with its radicle superior. Sometimes the seed 
 has no aril ; sometimes on the contrary th|g organ is represented by 
 a sort of fleshy frUl near the hilum, with its superior edge irregu- 
 larly divided.' Cnestis consists of bushy shrubs, often sarmentose, 
 with alternate, imparipinnate, exstipulate leaves; the flowers are 
 in racemes, simple or composed of cymes, axiUary or terminal, or 
 more rarely grouped in numbers on peculiar short woody branches. 
 About a dozen species are known, natives of tropical Asia* and 
 Africa,' the Indian Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands, and Mada- 
 gascar and the neighbouring islands.'' 
 
 Cnestidium!' is a New World type,- closely analogous to Cnestis. 
 The perianth and androceum are nearly the same, but the valvate 
 calyx has sometimes only three or four sepals instead of five." The 
 petals are longer than the sepals, tapering at the base and imbri- 
 cated in the bud. There are ten stamens, of which the five oppositi- 
 petalous are the smaller ; they all cohere at the base into a very 
 short ring, above which the slender filaments become free and taper 
 towards the reflexed apex, ending in introrse two-celled anthers, 
 also finally reflexed. The carpels are sessile, the ovaries being as 
 in Cnestis ; but the style is long, slender and reflexed, with an entire 
 or two-lobed, dilated, stigmatiferous head. The fruit is sessile, 
 velvety outside, glabrous within ; the seed possesses a fleshy arU. 
 Only one species of this genus is known,' a tree from Mexico and 
 the north of Colombia. It has velvety imparipinnate leaves, with 
 the leaflets symmetrical at the base ; the flowers are numerous, in 
 multiple ramified racemes of cymes, axillary to the leaves or termi- 
 nating the branches.* 
 
 and PoiZo^j-oWer to several species of C»e«fi», such ^ Bbnth., Niger, 290. — Px., in Xdnncea, 
 
 as C glabra Lame., from Bourbon and Mauritius j xxiii. 440. — H. Bn., he. cit,, 242, not. 1. — 
 
 it appears to be due not only to the mechanical Bakee, in Oliv. M. Trop. Jfr., i. 460. — Walp., 
 
 action of the hair, which easily comes off and Arm., ii. 306. 
 
 remains sticking in the skin, but perhaps also to a ^ H. Bn., loe. eit, 244, not. 1. 
 
 brownish liquid which it contains and which fills * Pi., in lAnnaea, xxiii. 438. — B. H., Oen., 
 
 its cavity more or less completely in the dry 433, n. 7. 
 
 herbarium specimens. ° And in that case they are often unequal. 
 
 ' In C. polyphylla Lamk., for instance, this ' 0. rufescens' Pl., loo. cit. — Walp., Awn., 
 
 frill surrounds the lowest quarter of the seed, ii. 305. 
 
 which tapers iu this part. Thus botanists are ^ The genus TceniocMcena (Hook. F., &en,., 
 
 wrong in characterizing Cnestis as exarillate. 433, n. 10) comes extremely near to Cnestidittm 
 
 2 R0XBT7E&H (Cat. Sort. Calc, 34) only and Cfeerfjs, and we doubt whether it ought to 
 
 describes a single species in this country ; namely be separated from the latter genus. It is dis- 
 
 C. monadelpha (DC, n. 5) ; but the genus is tinguished chiefly by the three following cha- 
 
 certainly represented by other species in India racters. 1st. The form of its floral receptacle, 
 
 and the neighbouring countries. which is nearly hemispherical, owing to the 
 
NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Manotes,"^ closely analogous to Cnestis, has pentamerous her- 
 maphrodite flowers ; the calyx consists of five valvate sepals per- 
 sisting around the fruit, though without any increase in size ; the 
 corolla, of five longer imbricated caducous petals. But a little 
 while before the flower expands, the receptacle elongates above the 
 perianth into a column with a thickened base, bearing on its apex 
 five oppositipetalous carpels, with ten stamens inserted close below 
 their ovaries. The staminal filaments are free, with subintrorse two- 
 
 Manoies Oriffoniama. 
 
 Fia. 12. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Pig. 13. 
 Longitudinal section of seed. 
 
 celled anthers dehiscing longitudinally. The ovaries are one-celled, 
 tapering at the apex into a slender reflexed style, which ends in a 
 capitate stigma. In the ventral angle of the ovary are inserted 
 two collateral descending subanatropous^ ovules, whose micropyles 
 look upwards and outwards. The fruit (fig. 12) consists of a variable 
 
 sudden swelling of the pedicel as it passes into 
 it ; 2ndly. The form of the petals, which are 
 long ligulate glahrous straps ; 3rdly. The state 
 of the interior surface of the pericarp which is 
 said to he very glahrous. The flower has a calyx 
 of five valvate sepals reflexed after antliesis and 
 during maturation; ten stamens (of Cnestis) 
 with filaments slightly united at the bases with 
 short anthers reflexed after anthesis; and five 
 carpels each with a hiovulate ovary, a short style 
 and a dilated stigma. The fruit consists of one 
 or several sessile capsules, pubescent externally 
 and containing a single arillate seed with a 
 smooth testa. The only known species of this 
 grown is T. OriffUMi Hook. P., a nearly sar- 
 mentose shrub from Malaysia, with rounded 
 glabrous branches. Its leaves are glabrous and 
 imparipinnate with sessile coriaceous obtuse 
 leaflets, more or loss bifid at the apex. The 
 flowers are in axillary racemes of cymes. As 
 regards the form and dimensions of TcBtdoehlcena, 
 we should hear in mind that in certain species of 
 
 Cnestis proper, such as C. corniculata Lam?;., the 
 petals form narrow tongues longer than the 
 sepals at anthesis, so that we must not treat 
 this character as of more than relative value 
 (see above, p. 5, note 11 ; also Adansonia vii. 
 241). 
 
 ' SoLAND., ex Pl., in Idmitea, xxiii. 438. — 
 B. H., Gen., 433, n. 6. — H. Bn., in Adcmsonia, 
 vii. 244. 
 
 ^ More or less anatropous according to the 
 height on the ventral angle at which their 
 umbilicus is inserted. Thus it is sometimes 
 close to the base, when the ovule becomes nearly 
 orthotropous. But in M. Oriffonicma H. Bn. 
 {Adcmsonia, loc. cit., note 1), the attachment of 
 the ovule is high up, and close to the micropyle. It 
 is, however, near the middle of the upper edge of 
 the ovule at anthesis, and rises gradually after fe- 
 cundation. At the same time the chalazal end of 
 the ovule tapers to a point, and insinuates itself 
 into the narrow part of the cell of the ovary 
 corresponding with the foot of the carpel. 
 
G0NNABA0H2E1. 
 
 number of free follicles, tapering at the base, tben swelling out, 
 and tipped by a little reflexed apiculus. Each follicle opens at 
 maturity along its ventral angle, we may then easily distinguish 
 the rather fleshy pericarp from the woody endocarp, which is a little 
 shorter ventrally than the rest of the pericarp.' Hence it gapes on 
 this side and parts from the contained seed a little above its micro- 
 pyle. The seed (fig. 13), now free in the endocarp,^ incloses in its 
 coats a copious, nearly horny albumen, in whose axis is a long green 
 embryo with flattened cotyledons and a superior radicle. The whole 
 of the outer surface of the seed consists of a fleshy tissue, which, 
 as in Magnolia, represents the external coat thus modified through- 
 out ; it may be viewed as an aril, generalized in Manotes, but 
 specialized in Connams and its allies. Three species of Manotes are 
 
 known, all natives of the west of tropical Africa.^ 
 
 In Tricholobtts* (fig. 14) we find the habit and foliage of Connarus, 
 
 with flowers whose perianth and androceura resemble those of Manotes; 
 
 the five sepals are valvate ; the five longer alter 
 
 nating petals are imbricated or twisted in the 
 
 bud ; and the monadelphous androceum consists 
 
 often stamens, whose filaments are free above, 
 
 and bear introrse two-celled anthers dehiscing 
 
 longitudinally. The five stamens superposed to 
 
 the petals are the shorter, and may even become 
 
 altogether sterile. But the gynseceum never at 
 
 any age consists of more than one carpel, whose 
 
 free one-celled ovary is surmounted by a style of 
 
 variable length, dilated at the tip into a stig- 
 
 matiferous head. The fruit is a sessile or stipi- 
 
 tate pod,* surrounded at the- base- by the non- 
 accrescent calyx, and containing within a pericarp 
 
 of variable consistency an ascending seed,* which possesses a 
 
 somewhat lateral, irregularly-lobed aril, and a thick, fleshy, ex- 
 albuminous embryo, with its radicle superior. 
 
 Tricholobus cocMnchinensis. 
 
 Pia. 14. 
 Fruit, right valve removed. 
 
 ' The woody endocarp sends a long hard tail 
 into the stalk of the follicle. 
 
 2 This it is which Pianchon described as 
 an aril, also mistaking the lower hard con- 
 tracted part of the endocarp for a funicle (see 
 Ademsoma, loc. cit., 246). 
 
 ' Bakee, loc. cit., 459. 
 
 ■• Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat., i. 236.— B.H., 
 Gen., 433, n. 9. 
 
 * This is the only name which can be used to 
 describe it, as it opens by two longitudinal clefts 
 into two valves, which are altogether free from 
 each other and only adhere to the receptacle 
 by their bases. One of these valves has been 
 detached in fig. 14, where we only see its 
 cicatrix. 
 
 ' Its attachment may be altogether basilar as 
 in T. coclimchmensis H. Bn. But, as in Con- 
 
10 NATURAL SI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Tricholobm consists of trees from the Indian Archipelago' and 
 Cocliin China,^ with alternate imparipinnate, glabrous or hairy leaves ; 
 the flowers are in axillary or terminal racemes of cymes. As yet 
 three species are known. 
 
 As in the genus Bourea, with the greater number of species 
 possessing plurifoliolate leaves, we find some species in which they 
 are unifoliolate ; so in some species of Tricholobus from India and 
 Malaysia, to which the name EUipantlius^ has been given, the 
 leaves have only a single leaflet : but as all the essential characters of 
 flower and fruit are identical, we can only make this a section of 
 the genus Tricholobus. Four species are known, natives of India 
 and Malaysia." 
 
 This small order, as we have just studied it, dates no great way 
 back. A. L. de Jussieu' followed his predecessors in putting 
 Connarus, Omphalobium, and Cnestis, the only genera of the order 
 then known, in Terehinthacem. It was E. Bkown who, in his cele- 
 brated work on the plants of western tropical Africa,* proposed in 
 1818 to found an order Connaracem, which should include the three 
 genera Connarus, Cnestis, and B,ourea. He considered that the 
 insertion of the stamens was only doubtfully hypogynous ; but that 
 the most important character of the group lay in the attachment of 
 the collateral ovules by a basilar or subbasHar hilum ; Ivhile, in the 
 seed the radicle of the embryo was superior. Thus, he distinguished 
 Connaracece sharply from Terebinthacece, making the ovule and seed 
 orthotropous in the former, and anatropous in the latter. Kunth' 
 in 1824 simply followed Brown, admitting Connaracece without 
 comment as a distinct order just like Juglandece, Amyridece, &c. ; 
 including the three genera given by R. Bkown, and adding Brunellid' 
 and Brucea as "genera Connaraceis affinia." Endlicher" retained the 
 
 nams, Manotes, &c., it may be much higher. * Wail., Cat., n. 8551 {Connarus mono- 
 Ibis 13 the case in T. fulms Bi., whose ovule phyllus). — Thw., Enum. Fl. Zeyl., 80, 410 
 has hence been described as anatropous. In (C. tmifoliatm). 
 
 this species the micropyle tips the very long * 0-enera Flantantm (1789), 369. — De 
 
 tapering conical apex of the ovule, and is quite Candolie (Prodr., ii. 84) also made Conmarace(B 
 
 superior, while the attachment of the ovule is at a tribe (seventh) of his TereimthacecB. 
 
 nearly one-third its length from its base. Hence ^ Congo, 431 ; Misc. Worlcs, ed. Benn., i. 
 
 the anatropy is very incomplete, and especially 112. 
 
 less complete than in certain species of Mcmotes. ? Saying however of this genus, " Diosmeis 
 
 ' Bl., loo. cii. — MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. p. 2, propior." 
 
 666. — Walp., Ann., ii. 304. " In Ann. Sc. Nat., s&. 1, ii. 359. 
 
 2 H. Bif., in Adamowia, ix, 150, n. 24. " Genera Flanta/rvm (1836-1840), 1139, 
 
 5 Hook. F., Cren., 434, n. 11. Ordo coxlvii. 
 
CONNABAOE^. 11 
 
 order, bat unfortunately added' Thysanus, Murycoma, Suriana, Cneorum, 
 and Heterodendron. Lindlbt'' only retained the first two of these 
 genera, and that doubtfully. In 1850 Planchon' undertook the 
 revision of the whole of the order, from which he finally excluded 
 the genera Eurycoma, Cneorum, Suriana, Heterodendron, Brunellia, 
 Brucea, and Ailanthus. At the same time he included both 
 Solander's genera Manotes and Agelcea, and created three new 
 generic types — Cnestidium, Boureopsis (which is only a Bourea), and 
 Bernardinia (also referred by us to Bourea). In the same year 
 Bl^me* created his genus Tricholobm for some plants from the Indian 
 Archipelago. The genera proposed latterly are due to J. Hooker, 
 and to MiQDEii ; to the former belong Hemiandrind' (later on 
 restored by him to Agelcea), Tceniochlcena, and EUipanthus,^ which last 
 we only make a section of Tricholobus ; to the latter Troostwyckia, 
 which does not differ from Hemiandrina, and Nothocnestis,^ whose 
 organization is imperfectly known, and whose natural relations are 
 even at this moment under discussion. 
 
 Affinities. — Endlicher^ has so well summed up all the aflSnities 
 recognised by previous authors that we cannot do better than 
 quote his very words : — " Anacardiaceis, mediante Buchanania, et 
 Zanthoxyleis per Brunelliam propius accedunt, embryone antitropo 
 diverse, hinc per Cnestin, mediante Averhoa, Oxalideis, illinc Legu- 
 minosis Detarieis, vix nisi ovariorum numero, embryonis situ et 
 stipularum defectu distinguendis, accedunt!'^ In fact, Buchanania, with 
 its free carpels and diplostemonous androceum, only differs from Con- 
 
 ' Only as genera affinia, it is true. whose partite calyx is in part persistent about 
 
 ' Veg. Kingd, (1846), 468, Ordo clxxv. the fruit ; there is an annular disk, around which 
 
 ' In Linncea, xxiii. 412. are inserted the stamens, five (?) in number, and 
 
 * Mua. Imgd.Sat., i. 236. a fruit of a solitary central follicle whose dorsal 
 
 ' In rj-flTM.XMSK. Soc, xxiii. 171, t. 28 (1860). and ventral sutures project both outside and 
 
 ^ Qen., 433, 434, n. 10, 11 (1862). inside, but especially inside, to form a very 
 
 ' The Sumatran plant which is the only incomplete spurious dissepiment. The unilateral 
 
 member of this genus, belongs according to dehiscence of this fruit frees a seed inserted 
 
 BEHTHAai & HooKEE ( Gen., 431) not to Con- somewhat obliquely on a basilar placenta, almost 
 
 naracem but to Legvminosece. Still MlQTJEl. entirely enveloped in a succulent membranous 
 
 who established the genus in 1861, in the Flor. aril, and containing an embryo surrounded by a 
 
 Ind.-Bat., Suppl., i. 531, in 1867, still maintained thin layer of albumen. 
 
 in the Ann. Mm. Lugd.-Bat., iii. 88, that it * Op. cit., 1139. 
 
 should be left in the former order, and made ' Agaedh on the whole admits the same 
 
 some corrections in his original description. We affinities, considering as he does {Theor. Syst. 
 
 can pronounce no opinion on this subject, having Flant., 229) that the Comtaraceee by the form of 
 
 been unable to study the very imperfect specimens their fruits form a transition between Zegu- 
 
 in the herbarium of Leyden. We only know minosiB and TerehinthacecB, and that Detariem, 
 
 through MiQTjEii, that JT. smnatrcma is a tree as they possess a corolla, are a more perfect form of 
 
 with simple entire leaves and pentandrous flowers, ConnaracecB. 
 
12 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 naraceoB in tlie complete anatropy of its ovule, and we now know of 
 Connaracets in which this anatropy is, as it were, sketched out. The 
 same may be said oiRutacem and Simarubece, groups to which Brunellia 
 has been successively referred, though they are usually characterized 
 either by glands with odoriferous essential oil, or the marked bitter- 
 ness of all the parts ; while Averrhoa, among Oxalidece, is now most 
 closely allied to Connaracece^ through Connaropsis, which would be a 
 Cnestis were its carpels but free instead of being united into a five- 
 celled ovary. As for the Detariea and Copaiferece, they are so close 
 to the unicarpellary species of Connarus {Omphalobium), and to Tric/io- 
 lobus, where the carpel is also solitary, that there is no collection 
 where the two groups are not to be found intermixed. There are 
 really two points in which these reduced Leguminosa differ from 
 Connaracece ; they possess stipules and a completely reflexed ovule ; 
 all other characters being similar, there is a very close affinity 
 between the two groups. One more alliance remains to be pointed 
 out — that between this Order and the series Spirceem of Bosacece. 
 Nothing can bear closer resemblance to certain plants of this series 
 with biovulate carpels than do Agelcea, Manotes, and several other 
 Cnestideos; the perianth, the diplostemonous androceum, the five 
 free biovulate carpels, are all identical ; and as these last are often 
 nearly anatropous in Manotes, which moreover -possesses alternate 
 pinnate leaves and a panicled inflorescence, all that we have left to 
 separate the two types is that certain Spircsem have stipules and that 
 their seeds are usually exalbuminous. But as these two features are 
 not even constant, the reasons which have led us to place Connaracece 
 between Mosaceoe and LeguminostB will easily be understood. 
 
 What then are the characters by help of which we can subdivide 
 Connaracea? What characters are constant in this small order? 
 Of the latter there are several, by no means without importance — 
 the independence of the carpels, their number (never greater 
 than that of the petals), and the number of ovules in each, 
 the upturning of the micropyle, the consistency of the pericarp 
 (always dry and finally dehiscent), the true diplostemony of the 
 androceum, the alternation of the leaves, the absence of stipules. 
 
 ' Its affinities with which were long since demonstrated by E. Beown. 
 
OOmTABAOEM. 13 
 
 and the woody consistency of the stem. Other characters again are 
 both very valuable and nearly constant — namely, the pinnate leaves, 
 the orthotropous or nearly orthotropous ovules, the seeds possessing 
 an aril of variable thickness and localized or generalized. In the 
 third place come two characters, each present in about half the 
 Order and absent in the rest — a valvate calyx and an albuminous 
 seed. To these, however, an unequal value has been assigned, as we 
 shall now see. 
 
 The character of the prsefloration of the calyx has been held of 
 sufficient importance to serve to divide all the known Connaracece 
 into two tribes or series : the one, Connareee, in which the sepals are 
 imbricated in the bud, the other, Cnestideee, in which they are valvate. 
 If this clear demarcation came out in accordance with the facts, 
 this division of course would be most convenient in practice ; and we 
 have retained it for its convenience. But we cannot regard it 
 as being also absolutely natural. This position may be illustrated 
 by the fact that Troostvoickya was placed by Bbntham and Hooker 
 among Cnestidea, because of its valvate calyx ; now this name is 
 exactly synonymous with Hemiandrina, a genus now suppressed, and 
 rightly considered a mere section of Agelcea, whose calyx is usually 
 imbricated, as befits the Connarecs. Again, many species of Tricho- 
 lobus have altogether the flower of Omjphalobium or Connarus, with the 
 gynseceum finally unicarpellary ; and a large number of them have 
 also the same vegetative organs ; still, of these two types, so closely 
 allied in all their characters, Tricholohus is referred for its valvate 
 calyx to Cnestidece, and Omphalohium, for its imbricate calyx, to 
 Connare<B. Never was there artificial classification more con- 
 venient, we must allow; but at the same time, never was there 
 one that took less account of the generality of common characters. 
 
 The character derived from the albumen is of even less import. 
 True, albumen is never found in any known member of the ConnarecB; 
 but while in half the genera of Cnestideae the seeds possess albumen, 
 in the other half they lack it. 
 
 The other characters serve only to distinguish the several genera. 
 They are as follows: — 1. The prolongation of the receptacle above 
 the perianth into a column bearing the sexual organs : this pecu- 
 liarity occurs only in Manotes. 2. The stalk to the base of each 
 carpel; wanting in Bourea, present in Connarus. The absolute 
 number of elements to the gynseceum : the specimens of Tricholohus 
 
14 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 which we have been able to study have only one carpel at all ages, 
 while in the other types, whose fruit is unicarpellary when 
 adult, there was a larger number of carpels at some earlier period. 
 4. The state of the interior surface of the pericarp : this is covered 
 with peculiar hairs in Cnestis, but remains glabrous in the neigh- 
 bouring genera Cnestidium and Tmniochlcsna. As regards the per- 
 sistence or precocious fall of the calyx, the degree of closeness with 
 which it embraces the base of the fruit, the presence or absence of 
 an aril — in our eyes these characters are not even of generic value, 
 inconstant as they are: in certain genera which our predecessors 
 have regarded as perfectly homogeneous. Thus several authors have 
 held Bourea generically distinct from Byrsocarpus and Bernardinia, 
 in that its calyx persists, closely applied to the base of the fruit, 
 while in the other two it diverges from it, even falling off after 
 anthesis in Bernardinia. But we have shown' that " in the series of 
 species from Madagascar we find every transition from the Senegal 
 . species of Byrsocarptis with spreading sepals, and those of the mimo- 
 soid Boureas from tropical Africa in which the appressed calyx is 
 most marked. . . " In fact this is only a question of degree, so that 
 " it is impossible to lay down the law, at what point in this series of 
 species the calyx ceases to be that of a Byrsocarpus, and becomes 
 that of a true Bourea" The non-persistent calyx of Bernardinia is 
 equally insufficient to make it a distinct genus from Bourea, for in 
 the genus Connarus itself, species with persistent sepals, are united 
 to others with caducoas sepals, without our being able to use these 
 differences to found even distinct sections ; these two characters can 
 then afford no acceptable generic distinctions. This will not apply 
 to the accrescence of the calyx, for it is sufi&cient to separate Bourea 
 and Connarus, which genera we have already seen are perfectly dis- 
 tinguished by another character. 
 
 ConnaracecB are distributed^ over no wide zone of latitude, but are 
 found under almost every degree of longitude in all the warm regions 
 of the globe. Not one species it is true has been found in tropical 
 Australia, and only one in the Islands of the Pacific. But the 
 hundred and fifty described species are nearly equally distributed 
 over the whole of the warm districts of Asia, Africa, and tropical 
 
 • Adam^onia, vi. 228 (see above, p. 5, note 3). ^ Lindl., Veg, Kingd., 468. 
 
CONNABAOHM. 15 
 
 America. TncJiolohus, TceniocMmna, Manotes, and Agelma are found 
 only in tlie Old World, Cnestidium only in the New. Manotes has 
 only been found in the west of tropical Africa. Connarus and 
 Bourea belong to both Worlds. The order does not extend beyond 
 25° N. lat., or 30° S. 
 
 The uses of Connaracece are not very numerous. They generally 
 contain in their tissues a certain amount of resinous balsamic matter , 
 hence certain species are used as tonics or astringents. This is the 
 case with several of the genus Connarus, especially C. africanus Cav., 
 the infused bark of which is applied by the negroes to wounds and 
 burns,' and C. pinnattts, whose bark is employed in India in the treat- 
 ment of aphthae.^ Bourea hirsuta has a tonic balsamic bark. Agclcsa 
 Lamarckii Pl., passes for a powerful astringent in Madagascar. We 
 are also told, it is true, that if abused, this drug produces very severe 
 dysentery, but still its value is recognised in several discharges.^ 
 The red or orange fruits of very many of the species render these 
 plants highly ornamental, according to Wight, who also extols the 
 scent of their flowers.'' The aril is sometimes edible, as in Connarus 
 edidis^ C. Boxburghii W. & Arn. & C. Lambertii.^ The inside of 
 the seed may be rich in oil, as in C. pinnatus DC, C. Lambertii, &c. 
 The embryo of Cnestis ferruginea DC. tastes like the hazel nut. 
 The fruits of most species of the last genus are coated inside and 
 even outside with irritant hairs, sometimes stinging severely.' We 
 may cite the Oboqui of the Graboon (C. corniculata Lamk.),' the 
 Gratteliers of Bourbon and Madagascar (C. glabra Lamk. & C.poly- 
 phglla Lamk.),' which cause very smart itching, and are used like 
 the true cowhage {polls a gratter) furnished by Mucuna pruriens and 
 several other Leguminosa. One variety of Ageleea Lamarckii, from 
 Madagascar, we have called emetica^" because it is used in that 
 country as an emetic. It is generally admitted after Schomburgk," 
 that the zebra wood (bois de zebre) so highly prized by cabinet makers 
 is a Connarus from Gruyana, namely C. {Omphalobium) Lambertii, men- 
 tioned above. 
 
 1 Dttoh., Eeperi., 289, * C. gumttensia Lamb., mss., ex Pi. — 
 
 ^ RoSBltTH., %». Plant. Diaphor., 868. Om/phaloimm Lamhertii DC, Prodr., n. 4. 
 
 '^ See Adansonia, vii. 239. It is the Soan- ' See Adansonia, vii. 243. 
 
 dron or Cephan-mahi of the Malagasy. ^ Spondioides prwriem Smeathm. — Agelaa 
 
 ■• This scent resembles that of the Lilac (see prwriem SoiiA:fD. (See above, p. 5, note 11.) 
 
 LiNDL., Veg. Kingd., 468). Pebviile has ob- ' Diet., n. 1, 2. 
 
 served this in the flowers of Agelaa LamarckU " The Malagasy call it Vahe-mainti (see 
 
 also (see Adansonia vii. 239). Adansonia, vii. 240). 
 
 ' Endi., Plnchvr., 605. " LrNDL., loc. eii.— RoSbnth., op. ait., 869. 
 
16 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. CONNAEEtE. 
 
 1. Connarus L. — Flowers hermaphrodite; receptacle conical, or 
 slightly depressed at apex. Sepals 5, imbricated in aestivation, per- 
 sistent or deciduous. Petals 5, longer than the sepals, and alterna- 
 ting with them, free, sometimes cohering by the margins, imbricated 
 in aestivation. Stamens 10, 5 longer alternipetalous, 5 shorter oppo- 
 sitipetalous ;. filaments connate close to more or less thickened and 
 disciform base, monadelphous, later free filiform ; anthers 2-celled 
 introrse, dehiscing longitudinally, finally reflexed or versatile; in 
 oppositipetalous stamens, sometimes sterile or wanting. Carpels 5, 
 oppositipetalous ; 1-4 usually smaller, sooner or later aborting ; 
 fertile ovary 1 -celled, tapering into a terminal style, with dilated 
 stigmatiferous apex. Ovules 2, collateral, inserted at a variable 
 distance from base of cell, orthotropous or suborthotropous ; umbilicus 
 basilar or more or less lateral; micropyle superior. Fruit dry 
 capsular stipitate ; calyx either persistent, not accrescent, embrac- 
 ing the stalk, or deciduous, its position marked by scars ; pericarp 
 oblique oblong, obtuse or slightly apiculate, coriaceous, dehiscing by 
 ventral suture, 1 -seeded. Seed suberect, furnished at base with a 
 more or less lateral fleshy lobed aril; testa externally smooth 
 shining ; embryo inverted exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick, fleshy 
 amygdaloid ; radicle short, superior. — Trees or shrubs, often sub- 
 scandent ; leaves alternate imparipinnate, or more rarely 3-foliolate, 
 evergreen exstipulat6 ; flowers minute crowded in simple or oftener 
 very much branched cymiferous racemes; pedicels usually articu- 
 lated (Tropical America Africa and Asia, Indian Archipelago, South 
 Sea Islands). See p. 1. 
 
 2. Agelsea Soland. — Flowers hermaphrodite, either altogether 
 similar to or scarcely differing from those of Connarus ; calyx 5-, or 
 more rarely 3, 4-partite ; sepals imbricated, subvalvate or valvate. 
 Petals 5, or more rarely 3, 4, free or connate, either oblong or lanceo- 
 late, or more rarely ligulate long filiform. Stamens 10 (of Connarus) ; 
 5 or more rarely 3, 4 alternipetalous, often sterile or antherless ; fila- 
 
CONNABAOE^. 17 
 
 ments connate or more rarely almost free at base, usually reflexed at 
 apex ; anthers introrse. Carpels 3-5 (of Connarus) ; style slender ; 
 apex dilated stigmatiferous, simple or 2-lobed. Capsules 1-3, more 
 rarely 4, 5, sessile or shortly stipitate, 1 -seeded; calyx persistent, not 
 embracing base of fruit. Seed of Connarus. — Trees or erect or climb- 
 ing shrubs ; leaves alternate 3-foliolate ; inflorescence of Connarus 
 (Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical India, Indian Archipelago). 
 See p. 4. 
 
 3. Rourea Aubl. — Flowers hermaphrodite (of Connarus) ; calyx 
 erect, much imbricated, either accrescent and finally embracing base 
 of sessile fruit {Buroured), or more or less spreading and not closely 
 embracing capsule {Byrsocarpus), or more rarely deciduous {Bernar- 
 dinia). Other characters of Connarus. — Small trees or shrubs, some- 
 times climbing ; leaves pinnate or very rarely 3-foliolate, persistent ; 
 flowers in simple or more often compound, cymiferous, axillary or 
 terminal racemes {Tropical America, Asia, and Africa, Madagascar). 
 See p. 4. 
 
 II. CNESTIDE^. 
 
 4. Cnestis J. — Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous ; receptacle 
 shortly conical or depressed at apex. Calyx 5-partite valvate. Petals 
 5, alternate, often shorter than sepals, valvate or imbricated in aesti- 
 vation. Stamens 10; filaments connate close to base or free; 5 
 oppositipetalous reflexed at apex; anthers 2-celled introrse, finally 
 extrorse, 2-rimose. Carpels 5, oppositipetalous sessile ; styles short ; 
 apices obtuse or capitellate, stigmatiferous ; ovules 2 (of Connarus). 
 Capsules 1-5, surrounded at base by spreading persistent non- 
 accrescent calyx, velvety or pilose outside, covered with close stifij 
 stinging hairs within. Seed erect or suberect, arillate or exarillate ; 
 albumen fleshy ; embryo inverted ; cotyledons foliaceous ; radicle 
 short superior. — Shrubs or small trees ; leaves alternate impari- 
 pinnate ; flowers in simple or cymiferous, usually axillary, racemes ; 
 pedicels often articulated (Tropical Asia and Africa, Indian Archi- 
 pelago). See p. 5; 
 
 5. Cnestidium Pl. — Flowers hermaphrodite (of Cnestis); perianth 
 5- or more rarely unequally 3-, 4-partite. Calyx valvate. Corolla 
 
 vo 3 ii- ^ 
 
18 NATVEAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 longer than calyx, valvate. Stamens 10 (of Cnestis) ; filaments con- 
 nate close to base. Carpels 5, oppositipetalous sessile ; style slender 
 elongated ; apex thickened, entire or 2-lobed, stigmatiferous. Capsule 
 solitary sessile velvety, glabrous within. Seed furnished at base 
 with a fleshy adnate dimidiate aril. — A velvety-pubescent tree or 
 shrub ; leaves alternate-imparipinnate ; flowers axillary and terminal, 
 in crowded branched many-flowered cymiferous racemes; pedicels 
 bracteate at base {Panama, Mexico). See p. 7. 
 
 6. Tseniochlsena Hook. T. — Calyx 5-partite ; sepals inserted on a 
 small hemispherical or obconical receptacle, revolute in the fruit, 
 valvate in aestivation. Petals long ligulate glabrous. Stamens 10, 
 and carpels 5 (of Cnestis). "Capsules 1-3 sessile ovoid subcom- 
 pressed obtuse pubescent, quite glabrous within. Seed oblong, base 
 supported on an adnate dimidiate aril ; testa shining ; cotyledons 
 amygdaloid." — A subscandent shrub; branches glabrous; leaves 
 imparipinnate quite glabrous ; leaflets subsessile oblong, 2-lobed at 
 apex, coriaceous ; flowers axillary cymoso-racemose ; inflorescence to- 
 mentose, shorter than the leaf; pedicels slender {Malaysia). See p. 7. 
 
 7. Manotes Soland. — riowers hermaphrodite ; receptacle conical, 
 produced beyond corolla into a slender erect column bearing carpels 
 at its apex. Calyx 5-partite valvate. Petals 5, alternate linear 
 longer than sepals, imbricated in aestivation, caducous. Stamens 
 10, inserted below carpels, free, oppositipetalous stamens shorter; 
 anthers introrse 3-rimose, finally reflexed. Carpels 5, oppositi- 
 petalous ; ovaries free, borne on summit of column ; styles linear 
 reflexed ; apices capitate stigmatiferous ; ovules 2, collateral, inserted 
 either at base or at a variable height on internal angle of ovary, 
 orthotropous or subanatropous ; micropyle superior. Capsules 1-5 
 borne on a common stalk, separately stipitellate, reflexed ; pericarp 
 subdrupaceous ; epicarp pubescent ; mesocarp thin ; endocarp woody, 
 much shorter than mesocarp, finally dehiscing as a follicle ventrally. 
 Seed subanatropous descending ; external integument cellular even ; 
 albumen hard copious ; embryo green inverted ; radicle short superior ; 
 cotyledons foliaceous. — Trees or shrubs, pubescent ; leaves impari- 
 pinnate; flowers in compound cymiferous, terminal or axillary 
 racemes; pedicels bracteolate articulated {Western Tropical Africa). 
 See p. 8. 
 
OONNAEAOEJE. 19 
 
 8. Tricholobus Bl. — Mowers hermaphrodite ; receptacle short 
 conical. Calyx 5-partite valvate, not growing after anthesis. Petals 
 5, alternisepalous, longer than sepals, imbricated or contorted in 
 aestivation. Stamens 10 (of Connarus) ; 5 oppositipetalous shorter, 
 with sterile anthers or antherless ; filament finally elongated, reflexed 
 at apex. Carpel 1 ; ovary sessile, tapering into a terminal style, 
 with dilated stigmatiferous apex. Ovules 2, collateral, orthotropous 
 or subanatropous ; micropyle superior. Fruit sessile or stipitate : 
 pericarp glabrous within, finally dehiscing longitudinally by 2 sutures. 
 Seed of Connarus, supported on a basilar aril of variable form ; embryo 
 fleshy, thick exalbuminous. — ^Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate impari- 
 pinnate or 1-foliolate {Mlipanthus) ; flowers in axillary or terminal, 
 simple or compound, racemes {India, Indian Archipelago, Malaysia, 
 Cochin-China). See p. 9. 
 
 c 2 
 
Yin. LEGUMINOS^. 
 
 Leguminosee^ are plants whose fruit is nearly always a pod or 
 legume (Fr., gousse ; Lat., legumen). Their gynseceum also almost 
 invariably consists of a single free excentric carpel, whose unilocular 
 ovary contains a pluriovulate, or more rarely nniovulate, parietal 
 placenta. Most of the other characters are variable and have war- 
 ranted the separation of this order into three suborders, received as 
 such by most authors, bnt by some considered as so many distinct 
 orders. These three groups we shall be compelled to study sepa- 
 rately ; we shall therefore follow other botanists, and first point out 
 the distinctive features of each. 
 
 I. PAPiiiiONACE^. — Flowers with an irregular corolla known as 
 papilionaceous, the standard outside the other petals in the bud. 
 Eeceptacle concave, of a single piece, and bearing on its edges the 
 perianth and androceum. Radicle of embryo inflexed, accumbent, 
 rarely very short and straight. 
 
 II. CiESALPiNiEffi. — Flowers with an imbricated corolla, the petal 
 corresponding to the standard overlapped on both edges (more 
 rarely on one only, or even imcovered) by the two neighbouring 
 lateral petals. Eeceptacle convex with hypogynous insertion, or 
 concave with perigynous insertion of perianth and androceum. 
 Eadicle of embryo straight, rarely slightly oblique. 
 
 III. MiMosE^. — Flowers regular, usually small, with a concave 
 or convex receptacle. Calyx valvate (rarely imbricate), usually 
 gamosepalous, petals valvate, free or coherent to a variable height. 
 Embryo usually straight. 
 
 1 Leguminosce J., Gen., 345. — Gj2btn., JPralect. ed. GiES., 415. — PapilionacecB et 
 
 Fniet; ii. 301.— DC, Mem. Legwm. (1825); CeesalpinieiB R. Be., in J'Knd. Voy.,ii. 551.— 
 
 Frodr., ii. 93. — Bndi., Gen., 1253. — B. H., SwartziecB et Mimosea Endl., op. cit., 1321, 
 
 Gen., 434. — Fapilionaceai et Lomentacete L., 1323. — JFabacecs LiNDL., Veg. Kmgd., 544. 
 
SUB-ORDER MIMOSE^. 
 
 I. ADENANTHEEA SEEIES. 
 
 Adenantherd (Fr., Condori — ^figs. 15-19) has regular hermaphrodite 
 flowers, with a short, hollow, cornet-shaped receptacle, bearing a 
 
 Adenamihera pavonma (Red Scmdal-wood Tree). 
 
 Fia. 15. — Habit. 
 
 calyx of five^ valvate teeth, and a corolla of as many alternating 
 
 ' Adentmthera L., <?e»., 526. — J., Q-en., 
 349. — GjEETif., Fruct., ii. 149. — Lamk., 
 Diet, ii. ^6 ; III, t. 334. — DC, Frodr., ii. 
 446. — Space, Suit, a Suffon, i. 61. — 
 EwDi., aen., n. 6820. — B. H., Gen., 590, 
 n. 3178. — ClypeaHa Eumph., Serb. Amb., iii. 
 
 t. 109, 111, 112. — Stachychrysum BoJ., Hort. 
 Maar., lU. — G-onsii Bkam., ex At>ass„ Fam. 
 des PI., ii. 318 P 
 
 " The flowers are exceptionally tetramerous. 
 The gynsecenm very rarely remains rudimentary, 
 BO that the flowers are male. 
 
22 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 free' petals, much longer than those teeth, and valvate in the bud." 
 The androceum consists of ten stamens, the five superposed to the 
 teeth of the calyx larger than those alternating with them. Each 
 has a free exserted filament^ and an introrse two-celled anther, which 
 
 AdenantJiera pmonma. 
 
 ¥m. 16. 
 Flower. 
 
 Fig. 18. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fm. 17. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Adenamtherd 
 
 dehisces longitudinally,^ and is surmounted by a prolongation of the 
 connective, forming a little caducous glandular ball. The gynseceum, 
 inserted in the very bottom of the receptacle, consists of a single 
 carpel superposed to one of the sepals. Its ovary, 
 subsessile free and one-celled, tapers above into a 
 slender style, scarcely dilated at the stigmatiferous 
 apex. Inside the cell of the ovary and opposite to one 
 of the petals* is a longitudinal parietal placenta, 
 whose two vertical lips bear each a variable number 
 of ovules in a row.^ They are descending and anatro- 
 pous, with the micropyles upwards and outwards. 
 The fruit is a narrow elongated pod, straight or curved. 
 The pericarp opens lengthwise into two valves which 
 usually curl back, their inner faces presenting the ru- 
 dimentary false dissepiment which had hitherto sepa- 
 rated the seeds (fig. 15). These are thick and sublenticular, 
 containing in their coats a nearly horny albumen surrounding a 
 
 Fio. 19. 
 Ijongitudinal 
 section' of seed. 
 
 ' Their edges may sometimes stick together 
 for a variable distance. 
 
 ^ Or slightly imbricate near the apex. 
 
 3 The insertion of the filament is peculiar, as 
 will be seen on referring to fig. IV. The corolla 
 and androceum rise in fact from the rim of a 
 little obconical common tube, inserted below, and 
 external to the foot of the ovary ; and at the 
 same point comes off the base of the calyx, seated 
 evidently much lower down than the point where 
 
 the stamens and petals separate, this peculiar 
 insertion of the floral verticils is yet more marked 
 in certain other Mimosem. 
 
 * The pollen consists of a large nutaber of free 
 grains, as is the case in all 
 which this point has been studied. 
 
 ' Called the vexillary petal. 
 
 ^ There are five or six in each row in J_. 
 pmonina L. {Spec, 550;— J acq., Collect., iv 
 212, t. 23 ;— DC, Frodr., n. 1). 
 
LBGUMINOS^-MIMOSEM. 23 
 
 large fleshy embryo. The superior radicle is surrounded by. a sheath 
 longer than itself, formed by the approximated decurrent bases of 
 the auriculate cotyledons (fig. 19). Of the genus Adenanthera two 
 or three species are known,' unarmed trees from Asia, Australia, 
 Africa, and tropical America, with alternate bipinnate leaves possess- 
 ing two lateral stipules. The flowers^ are in axiUary racemes, or 
 are collected into compound racemes terminating the branches. 
 
 The genera which have been placed near Adenanthera difier in but 
 few characters, which here assume an importance greater than is 
 assigned them elsewhere. But we must remember that it is a very 
 natural group that we have to deal with, and so closely are its 
 component genera allied that they were aU formerly considered as 
 members of either Acacia or Mimosa. These difierentiating characters 
 are drawn from the structure, form, and dehiscence of the fruit; 
 besides several of less value derived from the organization of the 
 flower. 
 
 Thus Mephantorrhiz(f has altogether the pedicellate flower^ and 
 the inflorescence of Adenanthera ; but its fruit is broad and flattened, 
 with a coriaceous pericarp. At maturity the two sutures, one on 
 either edge, remain in situ, while the valves of the pericarp separate, 
 forming two flaps ; these again each split into two leaves, the endo- 
 carp coming away from the mesocarp. Two species of this genus 
 are known,^ undershrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, with a thick 
 rhizome, a humble stem, and bipinnate eglandular leaves. The 
 flowers, which may be polygamous, are in racemes, either solitary 
 axillary, or ramified on certain axes which only bear bracts instead 
 of leaves. 
 
 In Stryphnodendron^ too, the flowers are closely similar to those of 
 Adenanthera, and are borne on short pedicels as in Elephantorrhiza 
 Burchellii, or are sometimes subsessile.' But the receptacle is already 
 
 ' WiQHT., III., i. t. 84(80). — Wight & Abn., {Acacia elephantorrhiza DC, Prod/r., ii. 457 ; — 
 
 Frodr., ii. 271. — Thw., imtm. PI. Zeyl., 98. — A. elepTi-amtina Btjeoh., Trav., ii. 236 ; — Pro- 
 
 Benth., Ft. Austral., ii. 298. — Haev. & sopis elephantorrhiza SpeestG; — P. elephantina 
 
 SOND., M. Cap. ii. 276, u. 2 P. — H. Bn., in E. Met.). The glands surmounting the anthers 
 
 Adansonia, vi. 207. — Walp., Pep., v. 580 j are borne on slender stalks, and fall very early 
 
 Ann., iv. 613. — Oliv., M. Trap. Afr., ii. 329. in this species. The stamens are inserted 
 
 ^ They are usually eehelonned in pairs on the exactly as in Adenanthera. 
 
 rachis of the inflorescence. * Haet. & Somb., M. Cap., ii. 277. 
 
 3 Bekth., in Joo/fc. JoMTB., iv. 344. — B. H., ^ 1&^s,t., Serb. M. Pros., 117. — Endi,., 
 
 Gen., 590, n. 379. Qen., n. 6837 a.— B. H., (?e»., 590, n. 377. 
 
 ■* In B. Pwkei Benth. the pedicel is nearly ' There is usually one articulation at either 
 
 as long as in Adenamthera, but it becomes even end of the pedicel, 
 shorter than the calyx in M. Burchellii Bbhth. 
 
24 NATURAL EISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 more flattened out than in the preceding genera, and is lined by a 
 thick disk whose rim presents ten projections, alternating with 
 which are as many notches corresponding with the stamens. These 
 last are more external, and their filaments, exserted in anthesis, are 
 twisted or corrugated in the bud. The gynaeceum is borne on a 
 slender stalk, and the style ends in a slight stigmatic dilatation. 
 The pod is compressed and thick-walled, the endocarp projecting 
 between the seeds to form more or less complete partitions. The 
 pericarp finally opens down both edges. The seeds are attached to 
 its interior by elongated funicles more or less bent on themselves. 
 Stryphnodendron consists of trees or shrubs from tropical America. 
 Their leaves are bipinnate, whose usually sessile leaflets, nearly as 
 broad as long, have hairs scattered irregularly over their surface. Their 
 flowers are also sometimes polygamous ; they grow in axillary racemes 
 like those of Adenanthera. About half a dozen species are known.' 
 
 The flowers of Piptadenid resemble those of Stryphnodendron^ 
 and are sessile or shortly pedicellate.* They are hermaphrodite or 
 polygamous, arranged either in more or less elongated racemes, or 
 in spikes, which again may be also elongated, or else very short and 
 sometimes globular (capitula). These inflorescences are pedunculate, 
 axillary or terminal, either simple and solitary, or ramified. The 
 pod, sessile or more frequently stipitate, opens like that of StrypJmo- 
 dendron, by two longitudinal clefts ; but it has only a single cavity 
 containing seeds suspended by slender funicles, for its membranous 
 or coriaceous walls present no thickenings or false dissepiments 
 between the seeds. In Piptadenia proper' the pericarp is thin and 
 smooth or reticulate. In Pytirocarpd the valves, thicker and more 
 or less wrinkled on the surface, have their edges more or less pushed 
 inwards in the intervals between the seeds. In both of these sub- 
 genera the flowers are racemose. But Niopa, with the fruit of 
 Pytirocarpa, has a capitular inflorescence ; while in a fourth small 
 group, which we may term Piptoniopa, the fruit is that of Piptadenia 
 
 ' AuBL., Guian., ii. 938, t. 357. — Velioz., rugated iu the bud, but are afterwards long and 
 
 Fl. Fliim., xi. t. 7. — Paspp. & Endi., Nov. exserted in the flower, the ovary is stipitate. 
 
 Gen. el Spec., iii. t. 291. — Walp., Sc-p.,i. 860; often hairy, and is surmounted by a truncate 
 
 V. 579. style ; the ovules are descending, with the mi- 
 
 ^ Benth., in MooJc. Jotirn., iv. 334. — B. H., cropyles looking upwards and outwards. 
 
 Gen., 589, ii. 376. ' * The pedicels are articulated at either end. 
 
 ' These flowers are normally pentamerous, ' JSwpiptadenia E. H., Gen., 590. 
 
 the receptacle is small and cupuliform with " B. H., Gen., loc. cit. 
 
 rounded fleshy edges ; the stamens are first cor- 
 
LEQUMINOSJE-MIMOSE^. 25 
 
 proper, while the flowers are in globular heads. Altogether about thirty- 
 species of Fiptadenia are known ;' with the exception of two doubtful 
 species from tropical Africa,^ they are all natives of tropical America. 
 They are trees or shrubs, naked or covered with prickles, with bipin- 
 nate leaves whose petiole and rachis are almost always glandular. 
 
 In habit and inflorescence IPlathymenia^ is very like Btryphno- 
 dendron, or the racemose species of Piptadenia. Its flowers are alto- 
 gether those of the former genus in perianth,'' androceum, and stipi- 
 tate ovary, down to the disk internal to the androceum. But the fruit 
 difiers from that of Fiptadenia, JElepJiantorrldza, and Entada, though 
 possessing features of each. Thus the cavity of the pericarp is 
 single, and its exocarp* splits along the sutures into two valves, as 
 in Piptadenia. But, as in ElephantorrJdza, this separates from the 
 endocarp ; which last divides transversely, as in Entada, into as many 
 indehiscent joints as there are seeds. These resemble those of 
 Stryphnodendron, and are attached by long slender funicles. This 
 genus is Brazilian, comprising two species,' shrubs, with bipinnate 
 leaves whose petiole and rachis are usually glandular. 
 
 In Xylia,^ as in the section Niopa of Piptadenia, the flowers are 
 arranged in pedunculate globular capitula, either solitary axillary, 
 or collected into terminal racemes. Each flower, often hermaphro- 
 dite, pentamerous or tetramerous, is sessile in the axil of a bract. Its 
 receptacle forms a little cornet, on whose rim are inserted a gamo- 
 sepalous calyx with four or five valvate teeth, a corolla whose petals 
 are also valvate and free, or slightly coherent at the base, and eight 
 or ten stamens arranged in two whorls, with free filaments and in- 
 trorse two-celled anthers, each surmounted by a little stipitate gland 
 which falls very early.' The gynseceum is the same as in Adenan- 
 thera. The fruit is a thick, woody, compressed, sickle-shaped, sessile, 
 bivalve pod, with false dissepiments interposed between the obovate 
 
 ' Veiioz., Fl. Flumin., xi. t. 6, 16, 40. — " Veiioz., Fl. Flmrnn., iv. t. 72, ex Casae. 
 
 K., Mimos., t. 25, 30. — Walp., Sep., i. 858; v. (?).— Walp., Sep., i. 858. 
 
 578 J Ami., ii. 450. ' Benth., in Mook. Journ., iv. 417. — B. H., 
 
 2 Hooe;. p., Niger, 330.— H. Bn., in Adan- Gen., 594, n. 390. 
 
 sonia, vi. 211. — Ol,iy.,Fl. Trop.Afr.,i\. 328. ' The existence of tliis gland has been over- 
 
 ^ Benih., in Hoolc. Journ., iv. 333. — B. H., looked, so that Xylia, which possesses tiie in- 
 
 Oen., 589, n. 375. — Ch/rysoxylon CiSAE., Nm. florescence of Leucmna has been hitherto placed 
 
 Stirp. Decad., 59. near it ; but yet, despite the slight value of such 
 
 * The upper part of the corolla is sometimes a character, if we use it to distinguish Adenan- 
 slightly imbricated. therece, and absolutely refuse it to Eumimosea, 
 
 * We use this word for shortness to designate Xylia must perforce be intercalated in the series 
 the epicarp and mesocarp together. under consideration. 
 
26 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lEntada polystachya. 
 
 seeds suspended on fleshy funicles. X dolabriformis,^ the only species 
 of this genus, is a lofty unarmed tree, from tropical Asia. Its leaves 
 are bipinnate, with a few broad leaflets possessing petiolary glands. 
 
 Entada^ too, possesses the flowers of Adenanthera, Elephantorrhiza, 
 &c. The receptacle forms a shallow cup lined by a glandular disk, 
 external to which are inserted the stamens. The petals are free, 
 but their edges often stick together for some way up from the base. 
 The gynseceum is sessile or nearly so. Hence, 
 to find characters peculiar to the genus we must 
 turn our attention elsewhere. In the fruit alone will 
 such be found. It forms a flattened pod, straight or 
 curved edgewise, as the pericarp is thin or thick and 
 woody. At maturity the marginal sutures persist 
 (fig. 20), while the valves separate into as many 
 joints as there are seeds. The lines of demarcation 
 are transverse and very sharp ; and at each line the 
 two walls of the endocarp touch, the pericarp forming 
 as many rectangular segments, usually transversely 
 elongated and persisting around the seeds,, which 
 they envelope completely. Each seed contains 
 within its coriaceous coats a large exalbuminous 
 embryo- JEntada consists of ten or twelve species^ of 
 tropical plants, of which one-third belong to Africa 
 and another to America ; while one species, E. 
 scandens, Benth.,* is naturalized on the coasts of all 
 warm countries. The genus consists of shrubs, 
 often climbing and holding on by tendrils repre- 
 senting the terminal leaflets of their bipinnate leaves ; these are not 
 glandular, and possess two lateral stipules. The flowers, herma- 
 phrodite or polygamous, form slender spikes, terminal or axillary, 
 solitary or geminate, or even collected at the ends of the branches 
 
 ' Benth., loo. cit. — Walp., Rep., v. 587. — 
 Mimosa dolabriformis RoxB., PI. Coromand., 
 i. t. 100. 
 
 2 Adaus., Fam. des PI., ii. 318. — DC, 
 Mem. Legum., 419, t. 61, 62; Prodr., ii. 424. — 
 Endl., Gem., n. 6832.— B. 11., Gen., 589, u. 
 374. — CHgalobmm P. Be., Jamaic., 362. — 
 Parsafha L., JPl. Zeyl., 644. — Adenopodia 
 Peesi., JEpimel., 206. 
 
 3 Jacq., Amer., t. 183, fig. 93.— Wi&nT 
 & Abn., Prodr., i. 267.— MlQ., Fl. Ind-Bat, 
 
 i. 75. — EiCH., Gtriiii. & Peee., Fl. Seneg. 
 Tent., i. 233. — H. Bn., in Adansouia, vi. 
 208. — Haet. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 276.— 
 Walp., Sep., i. 858; v. 578; Ajm., ii. 450; 
 iv. 616. 
 
 ■* F. GigaloUum DC, Mem. Legvm., 12; 
 Prodr., n. 1. — F. Pwscetha DC, loc. cit., 
 n. 2. — F. monosiackya DC, loc. cit., n. 3. 
 — Mimosa scandens Sw., Ohs., 889. — RoXB. 
 Cat., 40. — M. Fniada W., Spec. iv. 1041.— 
 Fntada Eheed, Sort. Malah., ix. t. 77. 
 
LEGUMIN08^-MIM08E^. 27 
 
 into a single large common ramified raceme. Each flower is articu- 
 lated- at the base on the common rachis.' 
 
 Tefrapleura' has the axillary inflorescence and the shortly pedicellate 
 flowers of Stryphnodenckon. According to Thonning's description' 
 all the ^arts of the flower are exactly similar to what is known of 
 JEntada and Adenanthera. But the pod, which is alone to be studied 
 in our collections, is a peculiar conformation, and suffices to dis- 
 tinguish this genus from the preceding ones. This pod, either 
 straight or bowed, thick coriaceous and indehiscent, bears along its 
 whole length four nearly equal projecting angles or wings; the 
 ventral placentary suture corresponding to one of the intervening 
 furrows. The indefinite seeds are separated by thickenings of the 
 endocarp. The only known species" is a lofty tree, from the west 
 of tropical Africa. It is said that its bipinnate leaves are opposite, 
 and that its flowers are grouped in axillary racemes. 
 
 Qagnehind" is easily distinguished from all the preceding genera 
 by characters, which, though very important elsewhere, are here 
 altogether secondary. The floral receptacle is convex, so that the 
 insertion of the perianth and androceum is really hypogynous. The 
 calyx is gamosepalous, five-toothed, and membranous, valvate in the 
 bud. There are five free valvate petals, and ten free stamens with 
 narrow elongated sagittate introrse two-celled anthers, each 
 crowned by a little glandular swelling. The stipitate ovary con- 
 tains numerous descending subanatropous ovules, in two vertical 
 rows. The fruit is stipitate, oblong, compressed, slightly bowed or 
 sinuous, indehiscent. Its two marginal sutures project distally into 
 membranous wings of sinuous outline. The endocarp grows in 
 between the seeds, including each in a little separate cell. Within 
 the seed coats is a fleshy embryo, surrounded by no great quantity 
 of albumen. The only known species^ of this genus is a tree from Mada- 
 
 ' Usually the pedicel is very slender, and is op. <At., ii. 331, gives another species, T. wadongo- 
 
 received into a little conical hollow in the base nensis, Weiw., Mas. and adds, " Besides the 
 
 of the flower ; so that the bud appears sessile above, Dr. Welwitsch collected . . . the fruit of 
 
 and covers the short pedicel with a sort of cap probably a third species of Tetrapleura (2*. 
 
 or bell, whose free rim is more or less thickened. ohtusangula Welw.)."] 
 
 * BlNTH., in ICooJe. Journ., iv. 345. — H. Bir., ° Neok., Mem., n. 1296. — DC, Mem. Legum., 
 
 in Adansonia, vi. 192, 211, t. iv. fig. 5. — B. H., 423, t. 64; Prodr., ii. 431.— Endl., Gen., n. 
 
 Gem., 590, u. 380. 6833.— B. H., Gen., 591, n. 381. 
 
 ' Beskr., 233. ^ G. tamariscina DC. — G. axillaris DC. — 
 
 ^ T. Thmningii Benth., loo. cit. ; Niger, Mimosa tamariscina Lamk., Diet., i. 13. — M. 
 
 211. — Walp., Hep., V. 581. — Adenantliera pterocarpa Lamk., loc. cit. — Acacia tamaris- 
 
 tetrapfera SoHUM. & Thonn., loc. cit. [Oiitee, cina W., Spec, iv. 1062. 
 
28 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 gascar, witii bipinnate setaceous leaves possessing a glanduliferous 
 rachis and two lateral stipules. The flowers are collected into cylin- 
 drical spikes, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves, or of the 
 bracts that take the place of leaves at the ends of the branches. 
 
 Prosopis,^ with the flower of the preceding genera, and especially 
 of Piptadenia, has indehiscent fruits like Gagnebina, but they are 
 wingless, and vary greatly in general form. The pericarp is always 
 coriaceous, with a thick, spongy or suberous mesocarp, and a carti- 
 laginous or papery endocarp, continuous with the septa between 
 the seeds, and even forming a sort of stone of variable thickness 
 round each. In the species of the section Jnoni/cJdmf the pod is 
 straight, hard, and very thick. In Adenopii it is 
 (stromiocZpus) cylindroidal, elongated, torulose,^ or irregularly 
 thickened or distorted.* The fruit of Algarohid is 
 elongated, straight, or bowed, cylindrical or com- 
 pressed, narrower between the seeds, and hence mo- 
 niliform. The pod of CircinaridJ is not only bowed, 
 but twisted more or less into a spiral ; and as its turns 
 are not all quite in one and the same plane, this fruit 
 affords a transition to Strombocarpus,^ which is rolled 
 up like a corkscrew, either loosely and irregularly, or 
 very regularly (fig. 21) and with the turns of its 
 spiral in very close contact. Thus constituted, the 
 genus Prosopis contains some fifteen species' from all 
 tropical and subtropical regions. They are naked 
 or spiny trees or shrubs, with stipulate or exstipulate 
 leaves, whose petioles may or may not possess glands. 
 The flowers, usually axillary, form spikes, cylindrical, or more rarely 
 globular or ovoidal. 
 
 • L., Maniiss., n. 1260.— J., Gen., 348.— 
 K., Mimos., 106.— DC, Prodr., ii. 446. — Enm., 
 Gen., n. 6821. — B. H., Gen., 591, n. 382.— 
 Oht., M. Trap. Afr. ii. 331. 
 
 ^ Bbnth., Gen., loo. oit., 2. This section in- 
 cludes two African species, with velvety ovaries 
 and internally glabrous petals. 
 
 ' DC, Frodr., sect. 1. — Lagonycliium BlEB., 
 Fl. Taur.-Caiw., iii. 288. — DC, Frodr., ii, 448. — 
 Deless., le. select., iii. 42, t. 75. — Hkdl., Gen., 
 n. 6822. The petals are also glahrous internally, 
 but the ovary is glabrous as well, the branches 
 are often covered with scattered prickles. 
 
 * As in F. spicigera L. (Mcmtias., 68,) an 
 Indian species (Btjem., Ind., t. 25, fig. 3. — 
 EoxB., Fl. Coramand., t. 63). 
 
 " In a second species from Western Asia, 
 F. Stephaniana (Lagonychium Stephaniamim, 
 BiEB., op. cit., 288; — Acacia Stepliamiana, 
 BlEE., op. cit., ii. 449). 
 
 " Benth., Fl. SaHweg., 13. — Toee. & Gb., 
 in Ami. Lye. New TorJc, ii. t. 12 ; Fl. N. Amer. 
 399.— K., Mimas., t. 33, 34. — DC, Frodr., 
 sect. ii. — Endl., Gen., n. 6823. 
 
 ' B. H., Gen., loc. cit., 4. This section has 
 only a single species from tropical Africa. 
 
 ^ A. Geat, Fl. lAndheym., i. 35.— Toee., in 
 Frem. Sep., t. 1. — Benth., Gen., loc. cit., 5. — 
 Walp., Ann. iv. 614. This section is made up of 
 five American species. 
 
 ' Walp., Rep., i. 861 ; x. 582 ; Arm., i. 259. 
 
LEOUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 29 
 
 Xerocladia^ is a small bushy shrub, of the habit of several 
 species of Stromhocarpus, with recurved spinescent stipules, and 
 its flowers collected into globular, axillary, pedunculate capitula. 
 But the sessile ovary only contains a single ovule,^ and becomes, we 
 are told, a flattened, ovate-falciform, or half orbicular^ indehiscent, 
 one-seeded fruit, with the inferior suture flattened out into a wing. 
 X. Zeyheri Harv., is the only known species of this genus, and is 
 found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 The genus Dichrostachyi derives its name from the peculiar 
 appearance of the expanded inflorescence, due to the two kinds of 
 flowers composing it. Those of the upper part of the spike"* are 
 fertile and hermaphrodite, like those of Gagnebina; while towards 
 the base they are neuter or male" through some of their stamens 
 becoming much elongated and bearing pollen ; but the gynseceum 
 still remains sterile and rudimentary. In the hermaphrodite flowers, 
 the stamens are much shorter and hypogynous, and their anthers are 
 surmounted by a globular gland, which is borne on a filiform, rela- 
 tively much elongated stalk. The fruit is a pod of a single cavity, 
 compressed and more or less irregularly bent on itself, with a coria- 
 ceous pericarp, either indehiscent or dehiscing irregularly by the 
 separation of its valves and sutures. The seeds are those of Aden- 
 anthera, but more elongated and obovate, and the embryo is sur- 
 rounded by a coriaceous albumen. Four or five species of this 
 genus'' are known, one African, one Australian, and the rest Asiatic. 
 They are shrubs, whose branches often abort to some extent and 
 are transformed into spines, with alternate bipinnate leaves, and 
 solitary or geminate spikes, often drooping and usually borne on 
 little peculiar branches that end in a spine, and bear closely-set 
 leaves, inserted with numerous bracts towards the base. 
 
 In inflorescence, Neptunid! comes very near DicJirostachys ; for 
 
 ' Habv., M. Cwp., ii. 2'78. — B. H., &en., ^ EoXB., Fl. Coromand., t.> 1V4. — Wi&ht, 
 
 591, n. 383 (a very doubtful genuo). Icon., t. 357. — Bbnth., in Sooh. Journ., iv. 
 
 2 "l-(v. 2-).ovulatmn" (B. H., loc. cit.). 353 j Fl. Austral., ii. 299. — Habv. & SOND., 
 
 3 DC, Mem. Legum., 428, t. 67 ; Prodr., ii. Fl. Cap., ii. 278.— Walp., Rep., i. 863 ; Am., 
 445._WiGHT & Abn., Prodr., i. 271.— B. H., iv. 615.— OiiY., Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 332. This 
 Q-en., 592, n. 384. — Caillea GuiLi/. & Pebb., author admits two species. 
 
 Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 239. — Endi., Gen., n. 6826. ' LouB., Fl. Cochinch., id. 1 (1790), 654. — 
 
 * Its axis is here swollen. The surface is DC, Prodr., ii. 445. — Endi.., Oen,, n. 6828, a. 
 pitted with hollows in which the flowers, axil- — B. H., Qen., 592, u. 385. Most authors 
 lary to narrow bracts, are inserted. make this genus only a section of Desmanthus ; 
 
 * These are white lilac or red, while the but the anthers of the latter lack the terminal 
 upper flowers are yellow. gland. 
 
30 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 the stort spites possess long axillary peduncles, and the inferior 
 flowers differ from the superior in that the former are sterile, pos- 
 sessing long exserted petaloid blades, which are membranous 
 staminodes, with or without rudiments of anthers at the apex ; 
 while the latter are, on the contrary, hermaphrodite, much smaller, 
 and usually much less bright in colour. They possess a gamo- 
 sepalous calyx with five valvate teeth, five valvate petals, ten sta- 
 mens with apical glands, and an ovary with a variable number of 
 descending ovules in two vertical rows.' In the basal flowers the 
 gyn£eceum is rudimentary or absent, and the perianth much less 
 developed ; all that we see, so to say, is the large petaloid stami- 
 nodes.^ The fruit is a compressed, oblong, coriaceous, two-valved 
 pod, bent at an angle with its stalk, with false dissepiments inter- 
 posed between the oval compressed seeds. Neptunia is of peculiar 
 habit; the genus consists of herbaceous or suffrutescent herbs, 
 often floating, with thick, compressed, or triquetrous branches, 
 usually bearing adventitious roots. The leaves are alternate, bi- 
 pinnate, with obliquely cordiform membranous stipules. In the 
 more or less submerged species the leaves and inflorescences rise to 
 the surface before expansion. Seven or eight species of this genus 
 are known ;^ inhabiting the warmer regions of America, North 
 and South, Asia, and Africa. 
 
 II. MIMOSA SEEIES. 
 
 In Mimosa'* (Fr., Mimeuse — figs. 22, 23) the flowers are herma- 
 phrodite, or more rarely polygamous." In the different species of 
 this genus, some two hundred in number, we find pretty considerable 
 
 ' The young style is like a broad fuuuel with H. B. K., 2fov. Gen. et Spec, i. t. 16. — Wight, 
 
 a papillose rim. Later on it is much elongated, loon,, t. 756. — Bot. Mag., t. 4695. — Bot. Beg. 
 
 so that the terminal stigmatiferous dilatation (1846), t. 3. — EicH., Guill. & Pbbb., Fl. 
 
 becomes relatively ill marked. Seneg. Tent., i. 238. — Waip., Bep., i. 863 ; v. 
 
 2 There are really three sorts of flowers in 583 j Arm., iv. 614. — Olit., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 
 
 many species, hermaphrodite flowers at the apex, 333. 
 
 flowers with a gynseceum (except a rudimentary ■* Mimosa L., Qen,, n. 1158 (part.). — AbanS., 
 
 ovary), and with large petaloid staminal fila- Fam. des. PI., ii. 3119. — J., Gen.., 346. — PoiB., 
 
 ments altogether sterile, at the base ; and be- Diet., Suppl., i. 49. — Ga;BTN., Fruct., ii. 844. 
 
 tween the two sets others, some of whose sta- K., Mimos., 1. — DC, Frodr., ii. 425. — Spach, 
 
 mens are fertile, with more or less elongated Suit, a Btiffon, i. 51. — Endl., Gen., n, 6831. — 
 
 flattened filaments. B. H., Gen., 593, n. 387. 
 
 Mill, Icon., t. 282. — RoxB., PI. Coro- ' Usually 4-5-merous, more rarely 4-6- 
 
 ', t. 119. — Jacq, F., Eclog., t. 50. — merous. 
 
LEaUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 
 
 31 
 
 variations in the structure of the flowers. Let us, for instance, first 
 analyze those of the Sensitive plant {Mimosa pudica ;^ Fr., Sensitive). 
 We find that the receptacle forms a tiny inverted cone, round whose 
 base are inserted the tetramerous calyx, corolla, and androceum, and 
 a unicarpellary gynseceum. The calyx is very short, gamosepalous, 
 and membranous, with four valvate teeth, two anterior and two 
 
 Mimosa padica (Sensitive Plant). 
 
 Fia. 22. 
 Branch. 
 
 Fia. 23. 
 Diagram. 
 
 posterior. The corolla is much longer and tubular, with four valvate 
 leaves, alternating with the calyx-lobes and united by their edges 
 for a variable distance. The stamens are alternipetalous, inserted 
 below the foot of the ovary, with free filaments doubled up in the 
 bud, but much exserted in anthesis and bearing introrse two-celled 
 anthers," dehiscing longitudinally. The stipitate one-celled ovary, 
 ending in a long style undilated at its stigmatiferous apex, contains 
 four ovules inserted in pairs on a posterior oppositipetalous parietal 
 placenta (fig. 25). These ovules are anatropous and descending, with 
 the micropyle upwards and outwards. The fruit is a pod, whose 
 pericarp is edged by a continuous string covered with soft prickles. 
 From the whole length of this the two glabrous valves separate at 
 maturity, dividing into as many joints as there are seeds. These 
 contain a fleshy embryo surrounded by pretty copious albumen. 
 
 All the Ifimosas which approach this species and possess isoste- 
 monous flowers belong to the section of the genus named. Ikmimosa.^ 
 
 I L., Spec, 1501.— H. B. K., op. cit., vi. 
 252.— DC, Prodr., ii. 426, u. 12. 
 
 " The cells are nearly lateral, and as it were 
 
 suspended on top of the filament. The poUen 
 is in numerous grains as in Adencmihera. 
 ^ DC, Mem. Legwm., 12 ; Prodr., sect. 1. 
 
32 NATURAL EJSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Their flowers are rarely tetramerous, but more frequently penta- or 
 hexamerous. Their pod breaks np into one-seeded joints, and its 
 marginal string is glabrous or provided with prickles of little rigidity. 
 All are trees or shrubs from tropical America/ with alternate bipin- 
 nate sensitive^ leaves (fig. 22) and non-glandular petioles. The 
 flowers form short spikes or globular capitula, difierently situated 
 even in one and the same plant.' Each flower is axillary to a bract. 
 Sometimes the calyx is rudimentary and reduced to a few short 
 ciliate bristles. 
 
 In all the other Mimosas the androceum is diplostemonous, there 
 being oppositisepalous stamens in addition to those of which we 
 have spoken. The number of parts in the floral whorls varies from 
 three to five or six, but is usually four or five. In some species, 
 forming the section Habhasia,^ the pods separate into joints as in 
 Eumimosa; the marginal cords are naked or bear prickles, often 
 hooked; This section consists of trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, 
 rarely herbs, from tropical America, Asia, and Africa, with glandular 
 or eglandular leaves bearing long rigid bristles between the pin- 
 nules.'' In the remaining species, however, the valves of the fruit 
 fall in single pieces ; the petioles very seldom possess glands or 
 bristles between the pinnules ; the leaves are even sometimes absent 
 or replaced by phyllodes. They are trees, or rarely herbs, from 
 America, and make up the section Ameria.^ 
 
 The flowers of ScliranckidJ resemble those of Mimosa, with the 
 
 ' There are upwards of a hundred, Velloz., little bnd, and so on. In certain species there 
 
 M. Flvm., xi. t. 31, 33, 34. — H. B. K., Nov. are only bracts instead of leaves at the summit 
 
 Oen. et Spec, vi. 248. — K., Mimos., t. 1-5. — of the branches ; in that case we have terminal 
 
 Hook., Icon., t. 373. — Bot. Meg., t. 25, 941. — racemes of capitula or spikes. 
 Kaest., M, Cohmb., 1. 130, 131. < DC, op. cit., 428, sect. ii. (incl. Satwucolon 
 
 2 Several species have leaves which fold np DC, op. cit., 428, sect. iii.). 
 quickly under different influences, especially * This genus includes some sixty species, 
 
 that of any shock or touch. In M. pudica the Cat., Icon., t. 295. — EoiE., Fl. Coram., t. 
 
 leaflets rise up and fold together, overlapping 200. — Velioz., op. cit., xi. t. 35. — K.. Mimos., 
 
 like tiles; the secondary petioles are approxi- t. 6-10, 23. — DC, Mem. Legwm., t. 63. 
 
 mated, while the common petiole descends on Hook,, Icon., t. 456. — Kaest., op, cit., t. 132 
 
 the branch. 133.— Olit., Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 335. 
 
 ' The inflorescences are often axillary. In ' Benth., loc. cit. About fifty species are 
 
 M.florihimda W., and very many allied species, known. K., op. cit., t. 26. — Reichb., Icon. 
 
 there are two pedunculate capitula in the axil Fxot., t. 63. — £ot. Heg. (1842,) t. 33. For the 
 
 of a single leaf. They are really inserted on a species of this genus generally see Walp., Mep. 
 
 little axillary branch which ends in a bnd. In i. 864; ii. 905 iAnn. i. 260; ii. 450; iv. 615. 
 
 M. pudica this short axillary branch ends in a ' W., Spec, iv. 1041 (nee Medik). DC, 
 
 bud, and bears first a capitulum on either side Frodr., ii. 443. — Ehdi.., Gen., n. 6829. 
 
 above the stipules of the axilant leaf, next two B. if., &en., 593, n. 388. — Leptoglottis DC, 
 
 others, one between either of the former and the Mem. Legum., 451. 
 
LJEGUMINOSJS-MIMOSE^. 33 
 
 same variations in the numbers of all the parts.' But the pods, 
 covered with prickles, open in a way peculiar to themselves, sepa- 
 rating into lour panels by as many longitudinal clefts. Of these 
 panels two are lateral and are usually the narrower ; they correspond 
 to the ordinary valves of a Leguminose pod. The two others, despite 
 their breadth, represent the dorsal and ventral edges. This latter 
 edge bears the seeds^ attached to the middle of its interior face by 
 very slender funicles. This genus contains half a score known 
 species,' prickly herbs or undershrubs with the bipinnate leaves of 
 Mimosa. Their inflorescence consists of axillary spikes, short and 
 globular in EuschrancJcia,^ elongated and cylindrical in the section 
 Bhodosfach/s. 
 
 Leucmna' has the pentamerous flowers of a diplostemonous Mimosa, 
 possessing a gamosepalous calyx with valvate teeth , and five alternating 
 free petals, not touching at all by their contracted bases and valvate 
 above. The ten stamens superposed to the perianth-leaves possess 
 free filaments inserted beneath the foot of the ovary, and glandular 
 introrse two-celled anthers. The shortly stipitate ovary is multi- 
 ovulate, and is surmounted by a style, dilated and hollow at its 
 stigmatiferous apex. The pod is straight and flattened, with a rigid 
 pericarp opening simply into two longitudinal valves. There are 
 no complete false septa separating the rather oblique seeds. Leuccena 
 consists of unarmed trees and shrubs ; seven or eight species are 
 known,^ all from the warmer regions of America, except one alone, a 
 native of the Pacific which has spread over all the warm countries 
 of the globe. The leaves are alternate bipinnate ; the petioles often 
 glandular. The flowers form globular pedunculate capitula, either 
 connected into racemes, or in pairs, each pair on a very short rudi- 
 mentary axillary branch. Each flower is axillary to a bract tapering 
 at the ba§e and dilated at the apex. 
 
 Besmanthui has little flowers, formed like those of Leucana and 
 
 ' Their petals usaally cohere to a greater ex- * It is only in this section that the species are 
 
 tent, sometimes forming an inf undibuliform corolla not constantly pentamerons. 
 
 (usually pink). Some flowers are polygamous. ' Benth., in SooTc. Jowrn., iv. 416. — B. H., 
 
 Gen., 594, u. 389. 
 
 2 They are angular, and compressed against * Jacq., Mart. ScAcenhr., t. 394. — DC, 
 one another at either end. Frodr., ii. 467, n. 192.— Walp., Sep., i. 884 j 
 
 V. 586 ; Aim., i. 263 ; iv. 616. 
 
 3 All are American, except a single species ' W., Spec, iv. 1044 (part.). — G^btn., 
 common to America and the west of tropical Fruct., ii. t. 148.— K., Mimos., 115.— DC, 
 Africa.— Vent., CAoJadePZaBt, t. 28.— Walp., Frodr., ii. 443 (sect. 2, Desmanthea, excl. 
 ^ep., i. 883; v. 586; Ami., i. 263; ii. 451.— sect. 1, 3).— Endi,., &en., n. 6828 (part.),— 
 Out., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 336. B. H., Gen., 592, n. 386. 
 
 VOL. II. ° 
 
84 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 nearly always pentamerous. Their petals are free or coherent, and 
 there are sometimes only five stamens. The fruit is linear and 
 straight, or slightly curved in the species which has been made into 
 the genus Barlingtonia ;' it opens longitudinally into two valves, and 
 the oblique seeds, variable in number, are only separated by incom- 
 plete projections of the pericarp. But Desmanthus is a genus of very 
 peculiar habit, consisting of herbs or humble undershrubs, whose 
 bipinnate leaves possess setaceous persistent stipules, and often 
 a gland on the petiole at the origin of the lowest pair of leaflets. 
 The flowers form little solitary axillary pedunculate capitula, 
 globular or ovoid, often few-flowered. They are hermaphrodite or 
 polygamous ; those of the base of the capitulum being male or even 
 neuter. In this case the latter often possesses an ill-developed corolla 
 and elongated petaloid staminodes. In this feature Desmanthus comes 
 very near Neptunia, but difiers in not possessing the gland crowning 
 the anther, or tbe peculiar habit. But this is none the less a common 
 point where the two series Etmimosece and Adenantherem are almost 
 united. The seven or eight known species of Desmanthus inhabit 
 North and Soutb America, except one'' which is widely diffused over 
 all tropical regions.^ 
 
 III. PAEKIA SEEIES. 
 
 The flowers of ParJcia* (figs. 24-27) are hermaphrodite and neuter, 
 or polygamous ; that is to say, in the singular pyriform inflo- 
 rescence of these plants (fig. 24), the flowers axillary to the lower 
 bracts are male, or have only the abortive organs of both sexes, 
 while the flowers of the upper swollen part are hermaphrodite. In 
 these last the receptacle bears a long tubular calyx, divided above 
 into five very unequal lobes and quincuncially imbricated in the 
 bud. Lobes 1 and 3, which are anterior, are the largest of all. 
 
 ' DC, in Ann. So. Wat., ser. 1, iv. 97; " K., Mimos., t. 35. — Jacq., loo. cit. 
 
 Mem. Legum., 427, t. 66 ; Frodr., ii. 443. — Hook,, in Bot. Mag., t. 2454. — Waip., JSep., i. 
 
 TOEB. & Gb., M. N. Amer., i. 501.— Endl., 864; Ann., i. 160. 
 
 Gen., u. 6830. — Mimosa glcmdulosa MiOHX., * R. Be., in Oudn., Denh. Sf Clapp. App., 
 
 M.Bor. Amer., ii. 254. — Vent., Ch. de PI., t. 27. 234. — Rich., Guill. & Peeb., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 
 
 ' Z>. virgatus W., Spec, iv. 1047. — DC, i. 237. — Endl., Gen., n. 6819.— Benth., in 
 
 JProdr., n. 10. — Mimosa virgata L., Spec, Hoolc. Jowrn., iv, 329. — Reiohb., Fl. Exot., 
 
 1502.— Jacq., Mart. Vindol., t. 80.— Oliv., Fl. t. 231.— B. H., Gen., 588, n. 373. — Pa/rypo- 
 
 Trop. Afr,, ii. 334, spTiara Kaest., Fl. Columb., ii. 7, t. 104. 
 
LEGUMINOaJE-MIMOBEM. 
 
 36 
 
 and 2, which is posterior, is also more developed tlian 4 or 5. There 
 are five equal petals, free or united into a tube below, alternating with 
 the calyx-lobes and valvate in the bud. The androceum consists of 
 ten stamens superposed to the perianth-leaves. Below the filaments 
 fijrm a tube, united for some distance to the petals ; they then become 
 
 Parlcia higlohosa. 
 
 Fia. 24. 
 
 Fia. 25. 
 
 Fia. 26. 
 
 Fio. 27. 
 
 Inflorescence (A). 
 
 Flower (J). 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 of flower. 
 
 Young flower-bud 
 with its axillant bract (i) 
 
 free before spHtting up into ten exserted linear strips, each supporting 
 an introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence, tipped by a 
 Httle gland. The free central gynseceum consists of a sessile or 
 stipitate one-celled ovary, including an indefinite number of ana- 
 tropous ovules, and surmounted by an exserted terminal style, 
 truncate or scarcely dilated at its stigmatiferous apex. The fruit is 
 a straight or bowed narrow elongated pod, dehiscing by two valves 
 and enclosing in suberous pulp a variable number of seeds. These 
 contain a fleshy embryo, with thick cotyledons whose decurrent 
 bases envelope the radicle. ParUa consists of seven or eight species 
 
 D 2 
 
S6 NATURAL EISTOET OF PLANTS. 
 
 of trees from tropical Asia, Africa, and America,' with alternate 
 leaves and a very peculiar form of inflorescence. It consists of a 
 sort of globular or pyriform capitulum (fig. 24), ending a long naked 
 peduncle, either solitary axillary pendulous, or approximated to 
 other similar peduncles to form a sort of terminal raceme. The 
 whole of the swollen part of these inflorescences is covered with 
 alternate, very closely imbricated bracts. Axillary to each is a com- 
 pressed flower (fig. 27), which later on protrudes from the interval 
 between the bracts, and if fertile expands its anthers and style 
 outside. Prom the flowers at the base of the capitulum protrude 
 coloured^ monadelphous staminodes; the gyn£8ceum is altogether 
 absent, or reduced to a little sessile rudimentary ovary. 
 
 Fentadethrd has also pentamerous flowers with an imbricate calyx 
 and a valvate corolla ; they are hermaphrodite or dioecious. The 
 calyx, inserted at the very base of the flower, forms a sac whose 
 mouth alone is divided into five deep teeth, obtuse at the apex and 
 much overlapping. Internal to this is a hollow thick-walled cornet, 
 with which the limb of the corolla and the stamens do not split off 
 until a certain height.^ Its cavity is lined by a glandular disk with 
 five lobes or crenulations of variable form. The androceum consists 
 in P. filamentosa^ a species from tropical America, of ten stamens, 
 monadelphous at the base, and superposed five to the petals, five to 
 the calyx-lobes. This latter set alone are fertile, consisting of a 
 filament free above, and an introrse two-celled anther^ of longitudinal 
 dehiscence surmounted by a large depressed gland. The five other 
 stamens are very long narrow exserted tongues, completely 
 sterile. In P. macropliylla^ on the contrary, from the west of 
 tropical Africa, there is a larger number of pieces in the androceum, 
 namely, five fertile alternipetalous stamens, the anther bearing an 
 introrse gland between its two cells, and opposite each petal, instead 
 of a single staminode, two or three slender subulate scales much 
 
 ' W., Spec, iv. 1025. — DC, Prodr., ii. ^ Eeitth., in Hoolc. Jotirn., ii. 127 ; iv. 330. 
 
 442, n. 106.— Pai.. Beaut., Fl. Ow. et Ben., — B. H., Oen., 588, 1004, u. 372. — H. Bn., in 
 
 ii. 53, t. 90. — JiCQ., Stirp. Amer., t. 179, Adcmsonia, vi. 204. — Olit,, in Trans. lArm. 
 
 fig. 87.— Sab., in Trans. Sort. Soc, v. 444. Soc, xxiv. 415, t. 37 ; M. Trap. Afr., ii. 323. 
 — EoxB., Fl. Ind., ii. 551. — W. & Aen., ■• So tliat tliere is some doubt as to the mor- 
 
 Frodr., i. 279. — MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., Suppl., i. phological signification of the base of this tube. 
 283. — Walp., Hep., i. 857; Amt. ii. 449; * Benth., loc. cit., n. 1, 2. — Waip., Sep,, 
 
 iv. 612.— Out., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 323. i. 857. 
 
 ^ White 01' red, while the upper flowers are ^ Benth., loc. dt., iv. 330. — Oliv., loc. cit. 
 
 brownish, yellowish, or reddish. — Owala of the Gaboon Elver natives. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 37 
 
 shorter than in tlie American species. The gynseceum is inserted 
 in the very bottom of the cornet at the base of the corolla. In the 
 male flowers it is only a little rudimentary ovary ; in the female or 
 hermaphrodite flowers it is a long sessile ovary, containing numerous 
 descending ovules in two vertical rows, and surmounted by a style, 
 whose stigmatiferous head is somewhat dilated and concave. The 
 fruit is a large compressed pod with very thick woody walls, opening 
 into two valves, which become recurved outwards with considerable 
 elastic force. The seeds, of variable lyimber, are flattened and of irre- 
 gular oval outline ; their coriaceous integuments enclose a compressed 
 fleshy exalbuminous embryo, whose cotyledons are decurrent at the 
 base, enclosing the radicle in a sort of nearly complete sheath. 
 Pentadethra consists of trees whose alternate bipinnate leaves possess 
 numerous leaflets, with lanceolate stipules and setaceous stipels. 
 The flowers are arranged in ramified spikes. Besides the two species 
 just mentioned, the west of tropical Africa produces a third, recog- 
 nised only as a doubtful member of the genus, namely, P. (?) 
 Griffoniana} 
 
 IV. ACACIA SERIES. 
 
 The Acacias^ (figs. 28-35) have regular hermaphrodite or poly- 
 gamous flowers. In the former the receptacle may be convex or 
 more or less concave ; it supports a calyx of five, or more rarely four 
 or even three, leaves, cohering to a variable extent and valvate in 
 the bud, rarely reduced to little scales or cilia. The corolla consists 
 of an equal number of valvate petals, free or united for a variable 
 distance." The stamens are indefinite in number, usually very nu- 
 merous, inserted either beneath the gynseceum, or at a certain height 
 above its base, beneath the edges of the receptacular cup ; or even 
 outside a glandular cupule, which lines the cavity of the receptacle 
 and expands more or less beyond it. The filaments are free, or more 
 rarely coherent below for a short distance into one or several bundles. 
 The anthers are two-celled introrse, dehiscing longitudinally." The 
 
 1 H. Bn., in Adanscmia, vi. 205. Gen., n. 6834.— B. H., G-en., 594, n. 391.— 
 
 2 Acacia T., Instit., 605, t. 375.— Adans., H. Bn., in Adamonia, iv. 45. 
 
 Fam,. des Fl., ii. 319.— J., Gen., 346.— Neck., ^ Eitlier because the corolla is gamopetalous, 
 
 iEUm., n. 1297.— Lame., Diet., i. 8.— W., or through its pieces simply sticking together 
 
 Spec, 11. 1049. — K., Mimos., 74. — DC, Frodr., edge to edge up to a certain height. 
 ii. 448.— Space, Suit, a Bwffon, i. 63.— Emdl., * The pollen has in this series generally a pe- 
 
38 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 gynaeceum is unicarpellary, with a sessile or stipitate one-celled 
 ovary, surmounted by a terminal style whose stigmatiferous apex 
 
 Acacia arahica (Qwm-Arabio Plant). 
 
 Pig. 28. 
 Habit (I). 
 
 may or may not be dilated and convex or concave.' 
 
 Within the 
 
 culiar structure, presenting what H. Mohl has 
 termed (Ann. Sc. Nat., s6t. 2, iii. 229, 1. 10, 11, 
 figs. 42, 43,) " the form of the Mimosece." He 
 writes .- " Each separate pollen grain (and there 
 are but eight to each anther) consists of sixteen 
 cells closely bound together, and arranged so that 
 there are two layers of four cells each in the 
 centre, with a rim of eight cells around them, so 
 that the whole grain is lenticular." Other grains, 
 he says, consist of eight cells, the four above 
 alternating with the four below. S. Eosajtopp 
 {Jahrl.f. Wiss. Sot., iv. 441) has observed that 
 in an empty anther-cell of an Acacia there are 
 four excavations separated by crucial septa. 
 The four cells which corresponded with these were 
 
 four mother-cells of the compound pollen-grain. 
 These cells, says he, divide by centripetal septa 
 springing from the wall of the mother-cell. 
 Later on the layers interposed between the 
 mother- cells undergo partial absorption and 
 granular degeneration. Bbnthah (ffe»., 464) 
 describes the pollen grains as aggregated in each 
 cell, from two to six in number. In the species 
 belonging to the section Alhiizia, MoEL seems 
 to have found the number of eight in each 
 anther quite constant. 
 
 ' The summit of the style is usually bent on 
 itself in a variable way in the bud, as are the 
 starainal filaments by which it is surrounded. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 
 
 39 
 
 ovary is seen a parietal placenta superposed to a sepal, bearing a 
 variable number of descending ovules in two vertical rows (from one 
 to twenty in eacb) ; they are more or less completely anatropous/ 
 with the micropyle upwards and outwards. The fruit is a pod, oval 
 oblong or linear, straight curved or more or less distorted, cylin- 
 drical convex or flat, membranous coriaceous or woody, bivalved 
 or indehiscent ; its cavity is continuous or divided into compartments 
 by false septa between the seeds, and it rarely divides into transverse 
 joints on dissemination. The seeds are usually flattened, oval, or 
 
 Acacia Catechu. 
 
 l"iG. 29. 
 Flower (^). 
 
 Fig. 30. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 ellipsoidal; the funicle is thick or slender, flesh-coloured, straight 
 or bent once or several times on itself, or surrounding the seed or 
 more or less dilated towards the hilum, as a sort of ariHary body. 
 Under the coats' is a thick fleshy embryo, sometimes coloured, 
 which may or may not be surrounded by a fleshy or horny albumen, 
 of variable thickness. 
 
 The genus Acacia consists of trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, whose 
 stems and branches are unarmed or prickly. The abortive branches 
 are sometimes transformed into spines. The leaves are alternate 
 bipinnate, or else the petiole is dilated into a laterally compressed 
 
 ' In those species we have been able to examine 
 we have found the conical apex of the nucleus 
 projecting considerably beyond the month of the 
 only ovular envelope we were able to perceive. 
 The axis of the nucleus is almost always oblique. 
 
 2 Outside there is nsually on either lateral 
 face a lunula or subelliptical stain whose edges 
 are parallel to those of the seed itself, nearly as 
 in Adenanihera and many other LegwiminoscB, 
 both Mimosete and CoesaVpmiea. 
 
40 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 phyllode (figs. 32, 33), while the leaflets abort more or less completely. 
 The petiole often bears one or several glands. The stipules may be 
 membranous, absent, ill-developed, or transformed into spines of 
 sometimes considerable length (fig. 28). The fiowers are generally 
 small, forming globular capitula (figs. 28-32) or cylindrical cymes 
 (fig. 31), each axillary to a bract, and sometimes articulated at the 
 base. The spikes and capitula are solitary axillary, collected into 
 racemes, or forming more or less ramified inflorescences terminating 
 the branches. About four hundred species have been described in 
 this genus ; they have been grouped into more or less natural sec- 
 tions, based on the habit and inflorescence ; for the characters of the 
 fruits have been found inadequate to found well-defined subdivisions. 
 Acacias are especially abundant in Australia and Africa, but species 
 are also found in warm countries aU over the world.' 
 
 • It was found impossible to divide the known 
 species, upwards of four hundred in number, into 
 subgenera or sections founded on the pod, for 
 that is polymorphous, and every possible transi- 
 tion between the various forms is found. Ben- 
 THAM, who has so long occupied himself in the 
 study of this genus, has divided it into six 
 secondary series based on the habit and inflo- 
 rescence. These are as follows :^ 
 
 I. Fhyllodineee. — Species with laterally flat- 
 tened or rounded phyllodes, the leaflets abortive, 
 except in the first leaves of the plant, or on some 
 adult branches (fig. 33). Sometimes the leaves 
 are replaced by short scales or bracts. To this 
 group belong the genera Chilhonaathiis and Te- 
 tracTieilos of Lehmann {Plant. Preiss., ii. 
 368), founded only on the form of the fruit. 
 This genas contains nearly three hundred 
 Australian species, besides five or six from the 
 islands of the Pacific. (Lame., in Journ. Hist. 
 Nat., i. t. 15. — LaeilIi., Sert. Austr.-Caled., 
 t. 88, 89. — A. Gbat, Bot. Unit. States Expl. 
 lExped., t. 53. — E. Bb., in Ait. Sort. Kern,, 
 ed. 3, V. 464. — Llnm., Swan Miv., App., 15. — 
 Meissit., in Fl. Freiss., ii. 199. — A. Cuirir., in 
 Field N. S. Wales, 343. — Benth., in Soolc. 
 Jowrn., i. 323; Fl. Austral., ii. 319.— F. 
 MuELL., Fragm., iii. 127, 151.) 
 
 II. SotrycephalcB. — Australian species, ten in 
 number, with flowers forming globular capitula 
 collected into simple or ramified axillary or 
 terminal racemes. Leaves bipinnate, stipules 
 absent or ill-developed. (Vent., Ja/rd. Gels., 
 t. 1; Jard. Malniais., t. 21, 61. — Andb., in 
 Bot. Mepos., t. 335. — Sweet, Fl. Austral., 
 t. 12.— Hook., in Bot. Mag., t. 1263, 1750. — 
 Boi. Seg. (1843), t. 46. — Keichb., Icon, et 
 Descr-^lant., t. 73. — Line., Brmm. Hort. 
 Berol., 4A5. — E. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 3, 
 
 V. 467. — Benth., in Soolc. Jonrn., i. 383 ; Fl. 
 Austral., ii. 413.) 
 
 III. FulchelltB. — Low trees, much branched 
 unarmed, rarely possessing axillary spines; 
 leaves bipinnate ; stipules absent or ill-developed. 
 Mowers in globular capitula, rarely spicate; 
 peduncles axillary, sfilitary or fascicled. Species 
 Australian, numerous. (Labiii.., Nouv.-HoU., 
 ii. 88, t. 238.— A. DC, Fl. Bar. du Jard. de 
 Genhve, note 6, t. 3. — Hook., in Bot. Mag., 
 t. 2188, 4588, 4653, 5191.— Bot. Reg., t. 1521. 
 — F. MuBlL., Fl. Victor., ii. t. Suppl. 12. — 
 LiNDL., Swan Biv., App., 15. — Link., Fnum. 
 Sort. Berol., ii. 444. — Meissn., in Fl. Freiss., 
 ii. 204. — Benth., in Sook. Journ., i. 387 ; Fl. 
 Austral., ii. 416.) 
 
 IV. Oummjfera. — Trees and shrubs with bi- 
 pinnate leaves, and stipules all or part transformed 
 into spines, sometimes of enormous size ; other- 
 wise unarmed. Flowers in axillary capitula or 
 spikes, fascicled or united into simple or com- 
 pound racemes towards the ends of the branches. 
 Species especially American and African, some 
 Asiatic, few Australian ; about fifty in number. 
 (K., Mimos., t. 28, 29.— Jaoq., Sort. Schcen- 
 irun., t. 393. — Velloz., Fl. Ftum., xi. t. 39. — 
 KoxB., Flant. Coromand., t. 149, 150, 199. — 
 Delile, Fl. ASgnpt., t. 52, fig. 2. — Wi&ht, 
 Icon., t. 1157. — Nees d'Esenb., Flant. Offic, 
 n. 332-336.— -Bot Reg., t. 1317.- F. Mttbil., 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc-., iii. 147. — Benth., in 
 SooJc. Journ., i. 499 ; in Linncea, xxvi. 629 ; 
 Fl. Austral., ii. 419. — -Boech., Trav., ii. 240, 
 t. 6.7-E. Met., Comm., 167.— Haet. & Sond., 
 Fl. Cap., ii. 280.) 
 
 V. Vulgares. — Lofty trees or shrubs, often 
 climbing, American, African or Asiatic, i-arely 
 unarmed, usually covered with prickles dissemi- 
 nated over the branches or planted in the pul- 
 
LBGUMINOS^-MIMOSEJE. 
 
 41 
 
 A. Farnesiana^ a species often cultivated in the soutli of Europe, 
 has been made by some authors the type of a genus apart/ on account 
 of the structure of its fruit, which is irregularly cylindrical, some- 
 what curved, and as thick as it is broad ; it is fiUed by a pulp which 
 dries up and isolates the seeds, arranged obliquely in two rows, as if 
 in complete or incomplete cells. Botanists are now agreed in making 
 it only a section of the genus Jcacia, of which that plant has the 
 habit, the foliage, and very nearly the flower. 
 
 A. loplianta^ a species also cultivated in our conservatories, has 
 become the type of a separate genus, under the name of Albizzia* 
 because its stamens are monadelphous, instead of being quite free, 
 as is the case in many Acacias. But all the other characters being 
 identical in both types, neither fruit, flower, nor vegetating organs 
 presenting any marked differences, we are. absolutely compelled to 
 leave A. lophanta in the genus Acacia, where we have already seen 
 species with their staminal filaments united for some short distance. 
 Thus, too, it seems ijnpossible to us to make a separate genus for 
 
 vinera of the bipinnate leaves which have glan- 
 dular petioles and non-spiaescent stipules. 
 Flowers in capitula or spikes fascicled axillary, 
 or collected into racemes at the end of the 
 branches. Species about sixty. (Jacq., op. cit., 
 t. 396.— Velloz., foe. cit., t. 23, 29, 36-38.— 
 KoxB., oji. cit., t. 175, 225. — Wail., Pi. Asiat. 
 Mar., t. 130. — Nees., of. cit., n. 337. — Kich., 
 GuiLtEM. & Peek., ifl. Seneg. Tent., i. 244, 
 t. bQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 3366, 3408.— Schweinf., 
 PI. Natal., t. 1. — Haev. & Sond., op. eit., 
 282.) To this group belongs A. concirma DC. 
 (Prodr., ii. i64s, n. 159), whose fruit separates 
 into one-seeded joints, and which Hasskabi 
 has made tlie type of the genus Arthrosporion 
 {^Eetzia., i. 112). Seserma anthehniiitica A. 
 EiCH. (fI. Abyss., i. 253), attributed to this 
 by Behiham {6en., 595), certainly belongs to 
 the group Albizzia. 
 
 VI. FilieiniB. — Woody or rarely herbaceous 
 unarmed plants; leaves bipinnate without pe- 
 tiolar glands. Capitula globular or elongated, 
 axillary fasicled flowers sometimes shortly pedi- 
 cellate. Species about ten, from North or Cen- 
 tral America. (Jacq., Hclog. Amer., t. 78. — 
 K., op. cit,, t. 31.) 
 
 For the species of Acacia proper of diflFerent 
 countries see also DC, Prodr., ii. 448-471. — 
 Waip., Rep., i. 884; v. 587; Arm., i. 264; ii. 
 452; iv. 617.— Oliv., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 337. 
 
 1 W., Spec, iv. 1083.— DC, Prodr., u. 138. 
 — A. lenticellata F. Mtjeli., in Journ. Linn. 
 Soc, iii. 147. — Mimosa Farnesiana L., Spec, 
 1506.— M. scorpioides Fobsk. The corolla of 
 
 this species is gamopetalous and valvate.or very 
 slightly imbricate near the apex in the young 
 bud. The stamens are free for the greater part 
 of their length ; but towards the base they co- 
 here into one or several bundles, and are inserted 
 on the base of the corolla. The ovules are 
 numerous, and at first arranged in two vertical 
 rows, with their raphes facing. Later on they 
 appear to form a single row. The style is 
 slightly dilated at the apex. Bentham refers 
 this species to the section QurmnifertB. It is 
 true that its fruit is nearly cylindrical or slightly 
 torulose ; and the pericarp forms oblique septa 
 between the seeds marking out one-seeded com- 
 partments arranged alternately in two rows. 
 But Ai. tortuosa W. {Spec, iv. 1083; — DC, 
 Prodr., n. 132), and some other species of the 
 section GummiferiB have already a thickened pod 
 with the seeds contained in incomplete cells, and 
 thus affording a transition towards A. Fa/me- 
 siaiM. 
 
 '^ Vachellia W. & Aen., Prodr., i. 272. — 
 Ekdl., Gen., n. 6835. — Aldina E. Met., Com- 
 ment., 171, not. (nee Endl.). — Farnesia Gas- 
 PAER., Dtscr. Nov. Qen. (1838), icon. 
 
 3 W., Spec, iv. 1070.— DC, Prodr., n. 93. 
 — Mimosa distachya Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 20 
 (nee Cat.). — M. Elegans Ande., Pot. Repos., 
 t. 563. 
 
 ■* Dtjeazz. (in an unknown Italian scientific 
 Mecueil.) — BoiT., in Fncycl. dn xix. Siecle, ii. 32. 
 — FotfEN., in Ann. Sc. Nat., s&r. 4, xiv. 368. — 
 B. H., Gen., 596, n. 394.— H. Bk., in Diet. 
 Fncycl. des Sc Medic, ii. 416. 
 
42 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0EY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Acacia alata. 
 
 A. Lehhek^ Julihrisdn^ odoratissima,^ montana' lebbeUoides,^ &c., 
 which have the flowers of J. lophanta, but with a longer staminal 
 , . „, , tube/ nor for Ziigid} (figs. 34, 35), in which this tube 
 
 AnaoM Catechu. ' J^ \ ts -,. f> 1, ;i 4-1, 
 
 is excessively developed, extending tar beyona tne 
 corolla, and twisted into a spiral within 
 the perianth before the expansion of the 
 flower. We shall then have four new sec- 
 tions to add to the genus Acacia, under the 
 names of Vachellia, Lophanta, Albizzia, and 
 Zygia, including twenty-five species from 
 warm countries all over the world. Zygia is 
 found in tropical Africa and Asia f Albizzia, 
 in the same regions in temperate Asia, 
 Java, Australia, and the neighbouring 
 islands.' 
 
 The flowers of Inga!^ are like those of 
 Albizzia, with indefinite monadelphous sta- 
 mens." But the leaves are simply pinnate, 
 and the pod is linear, straight or slightly 
 curved, flat tetragonal or subcylindrical, 
 coriaceous or almost fleshy, scarcely dehis- 
 cent, wdth both dorsal and ventral sutures 
 often thickened prominent dilated and 
 grooved longitudinally. The genus consists of trees and shrubs 
 
 Fig. 31. 
 Inflorescence. 
 
 Fia. 32. 
 
 Floriferous 
 
 branch. 
 
 ' W., Spec, iv. 1066. — A. speciosa W.. 
 loc. cit., 1069. — Mimosa Zebbek L. — Albizzia 
 Lebleh Benth., in SooTc. Joun., iii. 87. — A. 
 latifolia Bon'., loc. cit., 32. 
 
 2 W., loc. cit., 1065. — Mimosa Julibrissin 
 Scop., Del. Fl. Insurbr., i. 18. — M. arborea 
 PoESK., lEg.-Arab., 177. — Albizzia Julibrissin 
 DUBAZZ., loc. cit. 
 
 ^ W., loc. cit., 1063. — Mimosa odoratissima 
 L., Suppl., 437. — Albizzia odoratissima 
 Benth., loc. cit., 88. — A. micrantha BoiT., 
 loc. cit., 34. 
 
 * JuNOH., TijdscTir. Nat. Giesch., x. 246. — 
 A. vulcanica KoBTH., in Flora (1827), 705. — 
 Inga montana Ji;if&H., Seis., 288. — Albizzia 
 montana Benth., PI. Jungh., 267. 
 
 * DC, Prod/r., ii. 467, n. 187. — Albizzia 
 lehbekioides Benth., loc. cit., iii. 89. 
 
 " GbiSEBAOH has already (Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 
 233), referred Albizzia to Acacia. 
 
 7 BentH., in E-OoTc. Jown., iii. 92 (nee 
 P. Be.).— Endi.., Gen., n. 6836 ? 
 
 6 DC, Mem. Legum., xii. t. 65; Frodr., 
 
 ii. 440, n. 91, 92.— Betjce., Voy., t. 4, 5.— 
 
 Petees., Mossamb.,t. 1 Oijy.,FI. Troj>.Afr., 
 
 ii. 361. 
 
 ' Veht., Ja«-d. Cels., t. 20. — Labili., 8ert. 
 Austr.-Oaled., 67, t. 66, 67. — Jacq., Icon., 
 t. 198. — ROXE., PI. Coromand., t. 120-122. 
 — Wall., PI. Asiat. Ear., ii. t. 177.— Benth., 
 Fl. Austral., ii. 421. — Haev. & SoiTD., Fl, 
 Cwp., ii. 284. — Walp., Fiep., v. 595; Ann., 
 i. 266; ii. 457; iv. 457.— Oliv., Fl. Trap. Afr., 
 ii. 355. 
 
 " Plum., Gen., 13, t. 25. — W., Spec, iv. 
 1004 (part.)— K., Mimos., 85.— DC, Prodr., 
 ii. 432. — Space, Suit, a Suffon, i. 55. — 
 Endl., Gen., n. 6837. — B. H., Gen. 599, 
 li. 398. 
 
 " The lower part of the tube they form is 
 often united for some distance with the base of 
 the corolla tube, just as in Pentacletjtra. We 
 shall find this arrangement in all the remaining 
 Mimoseae. It does not usually occur in Acacia 
 proper or in Albizzia. Organogenic investiga- 
 tions can alone reveal the signification of the 
 
LEGTJMmOSM-MIMOSEM. 
 
 43, 
 
 from the liot districts of America. The flowers are very variably- 
 arranged on the stems.' 
 
 Calliandra^ on the contrary, has decompound bipinnate leaves, 
 though with the flowers of Inga. But the fruit is a straight or 
 somewhat bowed pod, whose two valves separate elasticaUy, the 
 apex bending back towards the base. The stamens are usually very 
 numerous, rarely only ten or fifteen in number. Some eighty species 
 of this genus are knoAvn,^ trees or shrubs from tropical or sub- 
 tropical Africa ; one species" is found in India. The flowers are 
 always grouped in capitula (fig. 36), terminating axillary peduncles 
 or collected into terminal racemes. 
 
 Lysiloma^ with the habit of Mimosa, and the oligandrous fiowers 
 of Calliandra^ has bipinnate leaves, and an inflorescence of capitula 
 
 tube common to the base of the androceum and 
 the corolla, and will tell us whether it be not of 
 receptacnlar nature. It was no doubt this 
 arrangement that led A. RiCHAED to refuse 
 to consider as a calyx the organ generally 
 known as such and inserted considerably below 
 the petals and stamens. 
 
 The pollen of Inga anomala has been de- 
 scribed by H. MOHL {Ann. So. Nat., ser. 2, iii. 
 230, 342, t. xi. fig. 43), as having each mass 
 composed of eight grains placed on a single plane 
 and porous at the angles, with a lot of little 
 viscid cells collected at the point of the mass. 
 There are eight masses in each anther, and the 
 point of each looks towards the centre of the 
 cell. 
 
 ' The inflorescence is the chief character 
 employed to group the species (some hundred 
 and fifty) of this genus into sections. Bentham 
 admits the fiive following : — 
 
 I. Huinga. — Flowers collected into lax 
 oval spikes, short or elongated, interrupted 
 towards the base. Flowers large or very large, 
 sessile or shortly pedicellate, villose or tomentose. 
 Calyx campanulate or tubular. Pods thick with 
 dilated edges, often even broader than the faces 
 of the valves. Species about fifty (Vblioz., 
 M. Mum., xi. t. 3, 12, 14, 21.— Vahi., in Act. 
 Soc. Safn., ii. t. 10.— K., op. cit., t. 11-14. — 
 Hook., in Bot. Mag., t. 5075). 
 
 II. Psewdinga. — Infiorescence of Muimga. 
 Flowers a fair size, sessile or very shortly pedi- 
 cellate, glabrous or pubescent. Calyx of iivJmga. 
 Pod fiattened, usually pretty broad, with 
 very thick edges. Species about forty (Vahl., 
 'Eclog. Amer., iii. t. 24. — Pbesi., S^mb. Bot., 
 i. t. 42 J ii. t. 58. — Lbm., Jard. Mem-., iii. t. 
 899). 
 
 III. Surgonia. — Flowers sessile, small, nu- 
 merous, glabrous, or sub-pubescent, in cylindrical 
 shortly pedunculate, usually axillary spikes. 
 
 Calyx campanulate, much shorter than corolla. 
 Species about fifteen (Atrsi.., Ghdom., ii. 941, t. 
 358.— Velloz., M. Mwm., xi. t. 5, 8, 9). 
 
 IV. Diadema. — Flowers sessile or more rarely 
 pedicellate, small, narrow, glabrous. Inflores- 
 cence of globular capitula, with long peduncles. 
 Species about ten (Vsiioz., op. cit., xi. t. 44, 
 45.— Seem., Sot. Ser., t. 23). 
 
 V. Lepiimga. — Flowers with slender, well 
 developed pedicels, usually longer than calyx, 
 unless this be very large ; small, glabrous, 
 rarely pubescent, in umbels, on sub-globular 
 receptacles. Species about twenty (Velloz., 
 op. cit., 1. 10, 27. — PtBPP. & EndIi., Nov. Q-en. 
 et Spec, iii. t. 289). 
 
 For the species generally, see K., Mimos., 
 loc. cit.- — H. B. K., Nov. Qen. et Spee., vi. 
 248.— Walp., Mep. v. 623 j Ann. i. 268; ii. 
 459 ; iv. 635. 
 
 ^ Benth., in Hook. Jonrn., ii. 138. — B. H., 
 Gen., 596, n. 393. — Anneslea Saiisb., Tarad. 
 Land., t. 64 (nee Wall.). — Clelia Casab., Nov. 
 Stirp. Decad., 83. — ? Oodonandra Kakst., M. 
 CoVrnnh., 43, t. 122. 
 
 " Jaoq., Icon. Ear., iv. t. 632, 633. — DC, 
 Mem. Legvm., t. 68. — K., Mimos., t. 17, 19, 
 20, 22, 32. — Hees, in Nov. Act. Nat. Cwr., xii. 
 t. 5. — CoLLA, Sort. Sipul., ii. t. 9. — Pcepp. & 
 Endl., Nov. Gen. et Spec, iii. t. 290. — Bbnth., 
 SuVph.., 1. 11. — Seem., Bot. Ser., t. 22.— Kaest., 
 M. Columh., 79, 103, 121.— .Bot Seg. t. 98, 
 129, 721 ; (1849), t. 41.— .Bo*. Mag., t. 2651, 
 4188, 4500, 5181.— Paxt., Magaz., xi. 147, 
 icon. — Lbm., in Jard. Flew., t. 305. — Walp., 
 IRep., V. 599 (part.); Ann., i. 266; ii. 458; 
 iv. 634.— Olit., M. Trop. Afr., ii. 356. 
 
 * I. vmbrosa Wall., PI. Asiat. Rar., ii. 1. 124. 
 ' Benth., in SooTc. Jonrn., iii. 82. — B. H., 
 
 Gen., 595, n. 392. 
 
 * It has often only from twelve to fifteen 
 stamens. 
 
u 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 or cyliudrical spikes. But the pod is linear, compressed, and flat- 
 tened, straight or slightly curved, with a thin submembranous pericarp, 
 whose two valves, continuous or dividing off into transverse joints, 
 separate at maturity from the entire persistent border of the fruit. 
 
 Acacia heteropliylla. 
 
 Fig. 33. 
 Leaf-bearing branch. 
 
 Some half score species of this genus are known,' unarmed shrubs 
 from equinoctial America and the Antilles.^ 
 
 Fithecolobium^ too has hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers^ in 
 spikes or capitula, and bipinnate leaves, as in Lysiloma and Colli- 
 andra. But the fruit is flat or compressed, falciform circinate or more 
 or less distorted, rarely almost straight, coriaceous or nearly fleshy, 
 indehiscent or more frequently two-valved, or dehiscing along the 
 
 1 K.., Mimos., t. 24.— Behth., Sulph., v. t. 
 31.— Geisbb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 223.— Waip., 
 Sep., V. 594 ; Aim., iv. 635. 
 
 2 In its flowers this genus does not differ from 
 the monadelphous Acacias ; but the structure and 
 dehiscence of its fruit suffice to distinguish it 
 from them. 
 
 3 Mabt., Herb. Flor. Bras., 114 ; Cat, Sort. 
 
 Monac., 188. — Endi., Gen., n. 6837 c. — B. H., 
 Gen., 597, n. 395. — Cathormion Hassk., Betzia, 
 i. 231. 
 
 * The stamens united with the corolla below 
 contain in their anthers a pollen, in masses 
 analogous to that of Inga (see above, p. 42, 
 note 11). 
 
LBGUMIN082EI-MIM0SB^. 
 
 45 
 
 ventral suture by curved clefts prolonged between tbe seeds so as 
 to form as many distinct cells united by the persisting dorsal suture ; 
 tbis is bent or twisted on itself, so tbat tbe one-seeded divisions of 
 
 Acacia (Zi/gia) Sassa. 
 
 Fia, 35, 
 Flower (a). 
 
 Fict. 34. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 tbe same pod bave all different inclinations to tbe borizontal. But 
 tbe pod never opens elastically as in Calliandra, and tbis is the 
 cbaracter, artificial indeed tbougb it be, wbich suffices in practice to 
 distinguisb tbe genus Piihecolobium. Tbe species, about one bundred 
 in number,' are trees and sbrubs from all warm regions, especially 
 tropical Asia and America. Tbeir babit and inflorescence are very 
 variable.^ 
 
 > Waip., Eep., V. 609; Am,, i. 267; ii. 458; 
 iv. 636. 
 
 ' These characters have been chiefly used to 
 subdivide this large genas into sections. The 
 fruit varies greatly in form, but with innu- 
 merable transitions between its variations. 
 Bentham admits the seven following sections : — 
 
 I. Samanea. — This section whose type is, as 
 indicated by its name, P. Saman Benth. [Inc/a 
 ScmoM W., Spec, iv. 1026 ;— Z sahitaris 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 304; — Mimosa 
 Samam Jacq., IVagm., t. 9 ; — Calliandra 
 tuhulosa Bsnis.), contains twenty -five species 
 of unarmed trees with stipules ill developed or 
 
 absent. The pinnules are indefinite in number' 
 The infiorescences are axillary, fascicled or col- 
 lected into terminal panicles. The pod is straight, 
 bowed, circinate or cochlear, coriaceous thick and 
 indehiscent, or dehiscent without subsequent 
 distortion of the valves. The seeds are arillate. 
 (Veiioz., M. Flmm., xi. t. 24, 30 (?). — Jacq., 
 
 Fragm., t. 9. — K., Mimas., t. 21 Gbiseb., 
 
 n. Bnt. W. Ind., 225). This last author 
 makes the species of the section belong to 
 Calliandra, though the pods do not present tbe 
 dehiscence peculiar to that genus. 
 
 II. Chloroleucon. — Trees unarmed or occa- 
 sionally possessing axillary spines, stipules 
 
46 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Calliandra hrevipes. 
 
 MiteroMium} has all the characters of PithecoloUum in inflorescence 
 and vegetative organs. But its pod is broadly circinate or incurved- 
 
 reniform, thick compressed hard and in- 
 dehiscent, with a spongy mesocarp finally in- 
 durated, and an endocarp prolonged inwards 
 to form strong septa, separating the com- 
 pressed transverse seeds. The three or four 
 known species of this genus^ are unarmed 
 trees from tropical America, with the flowers 
 in globular capitula, collected into spikes or 
 racemes. 
 
 All these genera, so difficult to separate 
 at all clearly, have small flowers, with the 
 exception of certain of the species of Inga. 
 The flowers become relatively voluminous in the three remaining 
 genera of this group — Serianthes, Jffonsea, and ArcMdendron. The first 
 consists of unarmed trees, with large bipinnate leaves.^ The flowers, 
 forming short corymbose racemes, have a thick coriaceous gamose- 
 palous calyx, with five valvate teeth, a gamopetalous corolla, also 
 valvate and five-lobed, and an androceum consisting of a very large 
 number of stamens, whose filaments cohere into a tube, adherent for 
 
 Fia. 36. 
 Inflorescence. 
 
 membranous, caducous, or absent. Peduncles 
 axillary, solitary or geminate. Pod tbick (inde- 
 hiscent ?) straight or bowed. Seeds exarillate. 
 Species five, American. Gbisebaoh refers this 
 species also to Acacia. 
 
 III. Caulanthon. — Unarmed trees with cadu- 
 cous or persistent stipules and paucifoliate leaves. 
 Inflorescences peduncul ite, fascicled on the trunk 
 or branches. Pod usually two-valved, straight 
 or bowed. Seeds exarillate. Species fifteen, 
 American. (Vahl., Mclog., iii. t. 27. — Velloz., 
 op. cit., xi. t. 43. — MlQ., Stwp. Sarin., t. 1). 
 To this section belongs Zygia P. Be. {Jam., 
 279, t. 22, fig. 3, neo Amctt). Gkisebaoh (op. 
 cit., 225) refers it to the genus Calliandra. 
 
 IV. Cathormion. — Unarmed trees ; inflores- 
 cence solitary or subfasciculate in axils of leaves. 
 Flowers often pedicellate. Pod nearly straight, 
 bowed, or circinate, two-valved or indehiscent, 
 with false septa between the seeds, and some- 
 times parting into one-seeded joints at maturity. 
 Species ten, all natives of the Old World, mostly 
 Asiatic (including Concordia Benth., part.), 
 two Australian (Benth., in HooTc. Jomn., iii. 
 211 ; M. Austral., ii. 423), and one from tropical 
 Africa (P. altissimm, Benth., op. cit. 197. — 
 Omt., Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 364. — Albizzia altis- 
 simm Hook. F., Mger, 332). 
 
 V. Aharemotemon. — Unarmed trees; stipules 
 absent or ill developed. Leaflets usually nu- 
 merous. Peduncles axillary, solitary or rarely 
 fascicled. Pod broad, distorted, cochlear. 
 Species about fifteen, American (Vahl., op. cit., 
 iii. t. 28. — Veiioz., op. cit., xi. t. 13, 14. — 
 Kl., ap. Haxn., Arzneig., xiv. 13). 
 
 VI. XIngms-cati. — Trees ; leaves with wholly 
 or partly spinesoent stipules, pinnules unijugate 
 or unequally bijugate. Peduncles axillary or 
 panicled, solitary or fascicled. Pod cochlear, 
 valves variably twisted after dehiscence. Species 
 about twenty, two Asiatic ; the rest American. 
 (K., Mimos., t. 15, 16, 18. — Vahl., op. cit., iii. 
 t. 25, 26.— Jacq., Mort. Schaenhr., t. 392. — 
 Eoxe., PZ. Coromand., t. 99. — Wight, Icon., 
 t. 198. 
 
 VII. Clypeana. — Unarmed trees. Inflores- 
 cences in numerous pedunculate panicles, whose 
 ramifications are more or less obliquely super- 
 posed. Pod broad, contorted, cochlear, often woody. 
 Aril present or wanting. Species ten, Asiatic. 
 
 • Maet., Berh. Fl. Bras., 117, 128.— Ehdl., 
 Qen., n. 6837 d. — B.H., Gen., 598, n. 396. 
 
 ' Velloz., Fl. Mum., xi. t. 25, 26. — Geiseb., 
 Fl. Bnt., W. Ind., 226.— Waxp., iJep., v. 621. 
 
 ^ Benth., in Soolc. Joum., iii. 225. — B. H., 
 Gen., 599, 1004, n. 397. 
 
LEGUMINOS^E-MIMOSE^. 
 
 47 
 
 Affonsea juglavidifolia. 
 
 some distance to that of the corolla.' The ovary, tapering above 
 into a long slender style, contains a variable number of descending 
 ovules, in two rows. The pod is oval or oblong, straight or some- 
 what bowed, woody, and indehiscent, with transverse false septa 
 separating the seeds. The two known species of the genus 8eri- 
 anthes are inhabitants of tropical Africa and the Pacific;'' one of 
 them is also found in New Caledonia. 
 
 Affonsed has altogether the habit, simply pinnate leaves, and large 
 flowers of certain species of Inga. But its gynseceum consists of a 
 number of free carpels (from two to six), each, 
 however, being formed as in Inga, and similarly 
 becoming a few- or many-seeded pod. The an- 
 droceum and corolla are united for a certain 
 distance at the base, and the calyx forms a large 
 sac, often vesicular, with five valvate teeth. The 
 four known species of this genus^ are Brazilian 
 trees, with paripinnate leaves, possessing per- 
 sistent stipules, and sessile or pedicellate racemose 
 flowers. 
 
 The flowers of Archidendron' come very near 
 Affonsea in corolla, androceum, and gynseceum. 
 This last is composed of from five to fifteen 
 carpels ; but the calyx here presents a tubular sac, 
 whose mouth is truncate and entire ; the pod is 
 coriaceous, bowed, irregularly twisted, and finally 
 opens into two valves. A. Vaillaniii^ the only known species, is an 
 Australian tree, with bipinnate leaves, and shortly pedicellate fiowers 
 in axillary umbels. Omitting the form of the calyx, Archidendron 
 may then be described as an Affonsea, with decompound leaves and 
 the fruit of Pithecolohium. 
 
 Fia. 37. 
 
 Longitudinal section of 
 
 flower. 
 
 Among the large Order Leguminosce, or pod-bearing plants, hardly 
 any representatives of the Mimoseae were known to the older bota- 
 
 ' In S, grandijlora Benih., the filament is 
 inserted in the centre of a glandular connective 
 bearing the two cells of an introrse anther of 
 longitudinal dehiscence ; externally this anther 
 appears as though formed of four indistinct 
 lobes. 
 
 2 Walp., Mep., V. 623 ; Ami., iv. 639. 
 
 ^ A. S. H., Voy. dans In Prov. des Diam., i. 
 
 387.— Endl., Ben., n. 6838.— Benth., in Sooh. 
 Jowrn., V. t. 1. — B. H., &m., 599, n. 399. 
 
 * Walp., Mep., j. 644. 
 
 = F. Mtjeli.., Fragm. Fhyt. Austral, v. 59.— 
 B. H., Gen., 1004, n. 397 a. 
 
 ° F. MuELi., he. eit.—PithecolobiMm Vail- 
 lantii F. Mtjbll., Fragm., v. 9. — Albizzia 
 (Pleiophaca) Vaillantii F, Mttbli., Coll. 
 
48 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 nists, excBTpi Mimosa, Acacia,^ &^Sl In^a f and even as late as 1783 we 
 find Lamarck' uniting these into a single genus, which he called in 
 French Acacie (Acacia), in Latin Mimosa. This was a retrogression, 
 for one hundred years since Tournefort had separated the genera 
 Mimosa and Acacia, calling the latter Casse" (Cassia). From these 
 several small genera, then containing only one or very few species, 
 were distinguished towards the end of last century, viz., Adenanthercf 
 and Prosopis^ by Linnaeus, UntaddJ by Adanson, Zygid' by P. 
 Browne, Gagnebincf by Necker, and Neptunia^' by Loureiro. A. L. 
 DE JussiEu, who knew five of the preceding genera, places them 
 without special comment in the LeguminoscB, with regular corollas. 
 In 1814 E. Brown" proposed to make a separate order for Mimose<B, 
 which De Candolle'^ and Lindlet'^ considered only a tribe or sub- 
 order of LeguminoscB, while Endlicher," too, made them an order 
 altogether distinct. The most recent authors, such as Bentham & 
 Hooker,'" retain it merely as a suborder. 
 
 Few of the genera, except those above-mentioned, date more than 
 sixty-four years back at the very outside. To Willdenow'* are due 
 two, Scliranckia and Desmanthus ; to De Candolle one, DicJiro- 
 stachys f to Von Martius, Pithecolobium, Enterolobium, and Strypli- 
 nodendron ;'^ to E. Brown, ParMa f and Affotisea to A. de Saint- 
 HiLAiRB.^" Excepting Xerocladia, recently proposed by Harvey,^' and 
 ArcMdendron,'yis,t characterized by F. Mueller,'''' all the other genera 
 of Mimosece (viz., Calliandra, Serianthes, Lysiloma, Leuccena, Xylia, 
 PentacletJira, Plathymenia, ElepJtantorrhiza, and Tetrapleura), were 
 established between 1842 and 1845 by Bentham,''' who has studied 
 this group with no less diligence and success than the rest of the 
 enormous Order Leguminosce. 
 
 The suborder Mimosece, thus comprising twenty-eight genera, 
 
 1 T., Instit., 605, t. 375. ■« Mem. Ugum. (1825); Fro&r.M. (1825). 424. 
 
 2 Plum., Gen. Amer., 13, t. 25 (I'TOS). " Veg. Kingd. (1846), 552, Ord. ccix. 
 
 3 Diet., i. 8; Suppl., i. 35. " Gen. (1840), 1323, Ord. cclxxvii. 
 ■• He took Acaeia Famenana as the type of '* Gen., 436, 482, 588 (1865). 
 
 this genus (see above, p. 41). '^ Spec. Plant., iv. 1041, 1044 (1805). 
 
 •Gen., n. 526 (1T37). '? Mem. Legum., 428, t. 67 (1825). 
 
 6 Mantiss., n. 1260 (1767). '8 Herb. M. Brasil., 114, 117, 128 (1837). 
 
 ? Fam. des Plant., ii. (1763), 318. '' In App. Denh. ^ Clappert., 234 (1826). 
 
 8 Jam., 279, t. 22 (1756). ^ Vot/. dans la Prov. desDiam., i. 387 (1883). 
 
 9 Flem., II. 1296 (1791). " Fl. Cap., ii. 273 (1861, 62). 
 
 '» Fl. Cochinch., ed. XJlyssip. (1790), 653. ^ Fragm., PTiyt. Austral., v. 59 (1867). 
 
 " Gen. Mem., 19 j Congo, 10. ^ In Hook. Jowm., ii.-iv. 
 
LBOTJMINOaM-MIMOSEJE. 49 
 
 including about eleven hundred species, presents so many constant 
 characters that to subdivide it we must faU back upon features 
 which are elsewhere deemed of wholly secondary value. Thus we 
 have seen that the genera are mainly based on the form and de- 
 hiscence of the fruits and the relations of the endocarp to the seeds, 
 and the degree of complexity of the leaves, which are either simply 
 pinnate or bipinnate. The series or tribes are based on the prse- 
 floration of the calyx, the number of stamens, and the presence or 
 absence of a sort of glandular prominence on top of their connectives. 
 Hence we get the four following series, which alone do we retain : — 
 
 I. Adenanthere^. — Calyx valvate; androceum diplostemonous ; 
 stamens free, usually' tipped by a gland. 
 
 II. EumimosEjE. — Calyx valvate ; androceum isostemonous or 
 diplostemonous ; stamens free, without apical glands. 
 
 III. ParkiEjE. — Calyx imbricate; androceum diplostemonous or 
 pleiostemonous, with only five fertile stamens ; apical glands present 
 or absent. 
 
 IV. AcACiE^. — Calyx valvate; stamens indefinite, free, mona- 
 delphous or polyadelphous.^ 
 
 The Mimoseee are plants from warm climates, abounding in the 
 tropical and subtropical zones of both hemispheres, and hardly 
 extending more than forty degrees on either side of the Equator. Of 
 the twenty-eight genera retained by us, five alone are peculiar to 
 America, viz., Plathymenia, Stryphnodendron, Lysiloma, Mnterolobium, 
 and Affonsea; and eight to the Old World— viz., Pentaclethra, Ele- 
 phantorrhiza, Gaffnebina, Tetraplewa, Xerocladia, Serianthes, Xylia 
 and Archidendron. Of these last the five former have only been 
 observed in tropical Africa or Madagascar ; the three latter in Asia 
 or Oceania. Archidendron, a monotypical genus, is only Australian ; 
 but the genera found in nearly every warm climate are very unevenly 
 distributed as a rule. Thus, Mimosa, Calliandra, Pithecolobimi, and 
 Acacia have species in all the countries of the world, but Calliandra, 
 out of eighty species, has only one in the Old World. Those of 
 
 ' This gland is almost entirely absent in one ^ The freedom or union of the staminal fila- 
 
 section of the genus Prosopis. In Xylia it may ments is used by Bentham to distinguish two 
 
 disappear so early that until now its presence series, Acaciem and Ingea, which we are unable 
 
 has not been recognised. to separate for the reasons given above (pp. 41, 42). 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
50 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Pithecolobium are very rare in Africa and Asia, though, on the contrary, 
 widely spread in America. Mimosa, too, is chiefly American. As 
 for Acacia, it is commoner in tropical and Southern Africa than many 
 other parts of the Old World. The Floras of the Cape, Senegal, and 
 Abyssinia include upwards of fifty species, but it chiefly affects a 
 favoured zone in Australia and the neighbouring parts of Oceania, so 
 that at the present day nearly three hundred species, that is, a 
 little less than three-quarters of the entire genus, are known to 
 occur spontaneously in New HoUand. 
 
 The MimosecB possess numerous properties," of which the most 
 remarkable are the astringency of the bark and pericarp, and the 
 presence of a gummy substance in the former, analogous to that of 
 the PrunecB. Grum arabic and all other gums resembling it in solu- 
 bility in water, and chemical reactions generally, are furnished by the 
 Mimosem, and also especially the genus Acacia.^ It is weU known that 
 most of the gums called Arabic and Senegal gums are produced by 
 A. arabica,^ a species spread over India, Egypt, Arabia, Senegal, and' 
 even as far south as the Cape. It has four chief forms or varieties," 
 called nilotica^ tomentosa,^ indicaj and Kraussiana? It is the first of 
 these varieties which, at least in great part, constitutes the A. vera^, 
 of authors, a plant long supposed to be the only source of gum 
 arabic. Senegal gum is exuded chiefly from the variety tomentosa, 
 and the Indian gum from indica. However, in places whence such 
 gums are obtained there are other Acacias of different species which 
 supply it. Such are A. adstringens^" giving gum gonaU or gonatie, A. 
 
 ' Endi., UncUrid., 683. — Lindl., Veg. " Bekth., loc. cit. — H. Bn., he. cit., 94 A. 
 
 Kingd., 552; Fl. Medic, 268. — GuiB., Brog. — Acacia a/rabica W., Spec, iv. 1085. — DC, 
 
 i?., M. 4, iii. 300. — '&OSSSTB., Syn.. Flmit. Pro*-., n. 134. — -ZVei-meS of Senegal. — Gommier 
 
 Diaphor., 1051, 1065. rouge Neh-neh Aians. 
 
 2 H. Bn., in Bid. Uncycl. des So. Medic., i. ? Behth., loc cit. — Mimosa araliea EoXB., 
 
 254 ; Mevision des Acacia Medieinamx, in Adan- Fl. Coromand., ii. 26, 1. 149. — Acacia vera altera 
 
 sonia, iv. 85. PlUK., Almag., 3 (Bahool, Bahula in Bengalli, 
 
 s W., Spec, iv. 1085. — DC, Frodr., ii. 461, Surbura in Sanscrit, Nella Tooma in Cingalese), 
 n. 135. — H. Bn., loc. cit, 91, n. 8. * Bentu., loc. cit. — H. Bif., loc cit., 96 D. 
 
 * Benth., in SooTc. Journ., i. 500. ' W., Spec, iv. 1085.— DC, Frodr., n. 134. — 
 
 5 A. nilotica Dei., Fl. Mgypt., 79. — A. Valm. de Bom., Bid., i. 81. 
 cegyptiaca FiBB. — Mimosa airaUca PoiB., "> H. Bn., loc. cit., 88. — A. Adansonii 
 
 Bid., Suppl., i. 19. — Spina cegyptiaca Pltte., Guillem. & Peee., Fl. Seneg. Tent, i. 249. — 
 
 Almag., 3. — Spina Acacia LoBEl. — Sant, Stmt Mimosa adstringens Schtjm. & Thonn., Beshr., 
 
 of the Egyptians (see GuiB., op. cit, iii. 363. — 2. — Oommier rouge GonakS or Gonatie 
 
 H. Bn., loo. cit, 95 B,). Adans. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSEJE. 
 
 51 
 
 fasdculata^ Neboueb,^ Senegal,^ 8eyal,^ and Verek,'' in Senegal; 
 A. ffummifera,' in Mauritania ; A. Ehrenbergii; 8eyal^ and 
 tortilis,^ in Ajcabia and Eastern Africa ; A. cape.nsis and horrida, in 
 South Africa ; A. leucopMma, in India ; A. decwrens^" homalophylla^^ 
 melanoxylon^'' moUissima,^^ pycnantha,^* and Sophorce,^^ in Australia. 
 
 Others, too, of the Mimosece besides the true Acacias also exude 
 gummy products, notably certain species of the sections Alhizsia and 
 Zygia. A sort of gum is obtained in India from Acacia procera ;" 
 another kind, analogous to gum arable, is obtained from Acacia 
 Lehlekf while A. stipulatd)^ in Java furnishes a similar product. 
 The prototype species of the section Vachellia, A. Farnesiana,^^ is also 
 prized in Java for the gum it furnishes. In North America, again, 
 a peculiar gum is known called mezquite^ which flows from the trunk 
 of Prosopis glandulosa f and another kind called copaltic sweats from 
 the bark of Calliandra portoricensisF^ The gum of Sassa, whose pro- 
 perties come nearer that of gum-tragacanth, comes, we are told, from 
 one of the Sassas of Bruce, ^ now referred to the section Zygia of the 
 genus Acacia (figs. 34, 35). 
 
 Next the gums come several mucilaginous products, also due to 
 
 ' Gttii,!,. & Pebe., op. cit., 252. — H. Bn., 
 loc. cif.f 106, II. 15. — Troisibme esp^ce de Gom~ 
 mier Adans. 
 
 ' This name perhaps refers to one of the forms 
 of ^. ardbica (see H. Bn., loc. cit., 117, n. 29). 
 
 3 W., Spec, iv. 1077?— H. Bu., loc. cit, 
 121, n. 42. 
 
 ^ Dm., M. Mgypt., 142, t. S2, fig. 2.— H. Bn., 
 loc. dt., n. 43.— Olit., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 351. 
 
 = Guili. & Peee., op. cit., 245, t. 56. — 
 GuiB., op. cit., iii. 408.— H. Bn., loc. cit., 125, 
 n. 49. — Oliv., loo. cit., 342. 
 
 8 W., Spec, iv. 1056.— DC, Frodr., n. 67.— 
 Eenth., loc. cit., 500, n. 256.— Gura., loc. cit., 
 408.— H. Bn., loc. cit., 108, n. 17. 
 
 ? Nees, pi. Medic, 413.— H. Bn., loc. dt., 
 104, n. 13. 
 
 * See note 4. 
 
 " FoESK., Fl. Mgypt. Arab., i. 176.— H. Bn., 
 loc cit., 124, u. 46.— Olit., loc. cit., 352. 
 
 '" W., Spec, iv. 1072.— H. Bn., loc. cit., 
 103, n. 12. — Mimosa decurrens Vent., Malm., 
 t. 61. 
 
 " A. CuNN., ex Bekth., loc eit., 365, n. 148. 
 — H. Bn., loc dt., 109, n. 19. 
 
 ^ E. Be., HoH. Kew., v. 462.— H. Bn., 
 loc. dt, 114, n. 27. 
 
 " W., Emm., 1053.— DC, loc dt., n. 221 .— 
 LiNM., Fl. Med., 270.— H. Bn., loc dt, 116, 
 n. 29,.— Wattle of the Australians. 
 
 " Bbnth., loc cit., 351, n. 98.— H. Bn., 
 loc. cit., 119, n. 38. ^ 
 
 15 E. Be., Sort. Kew., v. 462. — H. Bn., loc. 
 cit., 122, n. ii'k Besides various astringent sub- 
 stances, the five last species furnish the South 
 Australian gum of the English (see Lindl., M 
 Med., 270). 
 
 '^ W., Spec, iv. 1063. — Mimosa procera 
 Eoxe., Fl. Coromamd., ii. 12, 1. 121 ; Fl. Ind.,, 
 ii. 548. — M. coriaoea Blano., Fl. d. Filipp., 
 734?. — Albizzia procera Bbnih., in FLooTc. 
 Jown., iii. 89. 
 
 1? W., loe. dt., 1066. — A. spedosa W., loc. 
 dt. — Mimosa Sirissa KoiB., Fl. Ind., ii. 544. — 
 M. Lebbeh L. — Albizzia Lebbek Benth., loc. 
 dt, 87. — Ollv., loc. dt., 358. — It is the Fois 
 afrvre or afritm-e (frying-wood) of the Antilles ; 
 Cautwallee of Malabar; CHrsa or ShirisTia of 
 Bengal ; Cottonvaray of Coromandel. 
 
 18 DC, Frod/r., loc.cit, 460, n. 209. — Mimosa 
 siipulata EoxB., Cat, 40. — Albizzia stipulata 
 Boiv., loc. dt. 
 
 " See page41,notel. — GiVi'B.,I)rog . Simpl.,ed. 
 4, iii. 366, fig. 858. — Eosenth., op. cit., 1058. 
 
 -" EoSEKTH., op. cit., 1052. 
 
 2' ToEE., in Arm, Lye New-Yorh, ii. t. 2. — 
 Algarobia glandulosa Tobe. & Go. 
 
 ^2 Benth., in Soolc. Journ., ii. 138. — Acacia 
 portoricensis W., loc. cit, 1067. 
 
 =3 See trad. Castee., v. 39, t. 4, 5. 
 
52 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 several Mimosece. Acacia concinna^ from India, and introduced into 
 Bourbon and Mauritius, has also been called Mimosa Saponaria^ 
 because it froths in water. It is employed, like our Saponarias in 
 medicine and domestic economy. We find in and around the seeds 
 and the enormous pods of Entada scandens,^ when still green, a 
 mucilaginous substance, also existing in the liber ; it is used in India 
 to prepare a decoction for washing the head and hair. 
 
 Several Mimosem furnish aliments or fermented drinks by their 
 seeds, which contain starch, sugar, or fatty matters. Parkia liglo- 
 bosa^ is celebrated on this account in Africa. Its seeds are roasted 
 like coffee beans, broken up, and then left in water to ferment. 
 When putrefaction sets in they are washed and reduced to powder. 
 Thus is obtained a sort of nutritive flour, which is made up into 
 tablets like chocolate ; it is used as a condiment to mix with cooked 
 meat. The seeds are surrounded by a floury matter used to prepare 
 an aliment and a drink. The JBois dowx (Sweet pea) of St. Domingo, 
 Prosopis fmculifera Desvx., contains a sweet nutritive pulp. In 
 Tasmania they roast the pods of Acacia Sophorcs' and eat the feculent 
 seeds. The seeds of Inga tetraphylla Mart, are also surrounded by 
 a sweet perfumed substance. The seeds of Prosopis Algarohia^ are 
 also sweet and nutritive. Accordingly, we are told that the drink 
 called chica in South America is often prepared from these pods and 
 their seeds. It is related that the old women pass their time in 
 that country in chewing these fruits, so that the saliva transforms 
 the starch into grape-sugar or glucose ; the bolus then treated with 
 water readily undergoes alcoholic fermentation. Several other 
 species of the section Algarobia of Prosopis have more or less sweet, 
 pulpy, edible fruits, especially P. dulcis K.,' from New Spain ; 
 P. horrida K.,° the Algarohe of the Andes, and P. iuliflora DC.,' of 
 
 • DC, loc. cii , 464, n. 159.— H. Bn., loc. cit., H. Bn., loe. cit., 123, n. 44. — Benth., M. Aus- 
 100, n. 11. — Mimosa concinna W., loc. cit., tral., ii. 398 b. 
 
 1039. " See H. Bn., in Diet. Encyel. des Sa. MSd., 
 
 ' EOXB., in herb. LiMB., ex DC, loc. cit. ii. 746. 
 
 •'' H. Gigalobium DC, Mem. Legwm., 12. — 1 Mimos., 110, t. 34. — H. B. K., Nov. Oen., 
 
 IE. PurscetAa DC, loc. cit. — Mimosa scandens et Spec, vi. 307. — DC, Prodr., ii. 447, n. 4. 
 
 L., W., Sv., KoxE. (See above, p. 26, note 4. — — Acacia Imvigata W., Spec, iv. 1059. — A. 
 
 Gtjib., op. cit., iii. 300. — Endl., Erwhi^id., 683. edulis W., JSnum., 1056 ? Tlie same properties 
 
 — KosENTH., op. cit., 1054). are attributed to JP. Siliquastrwm DC (n. 8), and 
 
 * P. qfricama B. Bb., in App. Denh., 234. — flearuosa DC. (n. 9), inhabitants of Chili (see 
 Inga Uglohosa W., Spec, iv. 1025 ? — P. Beaut., Eosenth., op. cit., 1052). 
 
 M. Omar, et Ben., ii. 53, t. 90. Several Indian * Mimos., 106, t. 33. — DC, loc cit., n. 1. 
 
 Pa/fTcias have similar properties. Their seeds ' DC, loc. cit., n. 13. — Mimosa iuliflora 
 
 are often bitter (see Rosekth., op. cit., Sw., Prodr., 85. — M. piliflora Sw., PI. Ind. 
 
 J051). Occ, 986. — Acacia falcata DESr. ? (see H. Bn., 
 
 ' E. Be., Sort. Ke>v., ed. 3, v. 462. — loc. cit., a. Z). 
 
LUaUMINOSJJl-MIMOSE^. 53 
 
 the Antilles, the Smaller Algarohe, Algaroville or Cashew, which yields 
 a certain amount of gum on incision, and whose fruits serve as 
 fodder.' Again, the fruits of many species of Inga, Pithecolobium, 
 Leucaena, &c., are also cited as food stuffs." 
 
 It has, however, been remarked that dangerous acrid principles may 
 here and there occur mixed with-the nutritive substances in these fruits 
 or seeds. Thus P. iuliflora itself may become deleterious under certain 
 circumstances.^ The seeds of Entada scandens are used as emetics in 
 India and Java. Several Mimosas are purgative, and the pulp of 
 Inga vera^ is a laxative. By distilling the bark of Acacia ferrugined' 
 and leucophlcea^ with the sweet juice of the Palms a poisonous fer- 
 mentible liquor is obtained in India. The root of several Brazilian 
 Mimosas is venomous, and that of M. pudica, of disagreeable scent, 
 is an irritant. The powdered seed of M. acaciodes Benth. is used 
 in Gruiana as a sternutatory. It is no doubt a similar virtue which 
 makes the Mou^enna^ of Abyssinia so excellent a remedy for worms, 
 and especially tapeworms. It is the bark of A. anthelminthica^ which 
 has this quality, analogous to that of Kowsso, though it would seem 
 more marked ; for in Abyssinia Mou^enna is regarded as of more 
 certain action, invariably killing the tapeworm, of which Kousso 
 often expels a portion only.' 
 
 Astringency is one of the most marked qualities of the Mimoseae, 
 
 ■ As usefiil as the cereals, according to Mac- ' Besenna amihelminthica A. ElCH., Tent. 
 
 VAVTE^ (Fl. Jam., \. S12). Fl. Ahyss., i. 253. — AUizzia cmthebniwtMca 
 
 " See KosENTH., op. cit., 1063-1065. — This Ad. Bb., in Bull. Soe. Bot. de Fr., vii. 902.— 
 
 is especially the case with Fiihecolohimm dmlee TPouen., Des. Tenif. empl. en Abyss., Thises de 
 
 Benth., salutare Benth., and ,pamifolmm Par. (1861), 37; in Ann. So. Nat., a&r:. i, xiv. 
 
 Benth., Inga edulis Maet., sapida H. B. K., 380, 1. 14. — MoQ., Bot. Med., 145.— H. Bn., in 
 
 diilcis Mabt., punctata W., etc. Diet. Fhaycl. des So. Medic., ii. 416. 
 
 3 According to Maceadtbn it is after rain ' Mougenna, on the contrary, reduces the 
 
 has moistened the seeds, so that they germinate worm to a sort of pulp, and ia considered in 
 
 and evolve carbonic acid in the stomachs of the Abyssinia of more powerful action than Kousso ; 
 
 cattle. but the latter is employed in preference because 
 
 ^ W., Spec, iv. 1014. — DC, Frodr., n. 18. the people do not wish as a rule to get rid of 
 
 — Mimosa Inga L., Spec, 1493 (see Rosbkth., the tapeworm completely. The powdered bark 
 
 op. cit., 1064). is employed in doses of about sixty grammes. 
 
 ' DC., op. cit., 458, n. 105. — H. Bn., loo. This bark is from 2 to 5. millimetres thick, 
 
 cit., 107, n. 16. — Mimosa ferruginea EoxB., smooth or cracked, greyish outside, and pale 
 
 Fl. lud., ii. 561. yellow within. Its taste is first sweet, then 
 
 ^ W., Spec, iv. 1063. — DC, loe. cit., 4^2, astringent, and finally nauseous. From the 
 
 n. 12. — H. Bn., loc. cit., 113, n. 25. This bark an extract has been prepared, which has 
 
 species has heen supposed to produce the gum sometimes been found useful. The bark of the 
 
 Kntera (now referred by Gtjibotjet, op. cit,, large branches is supposed to be the more active, 
 
 iii. 421), to one of the Caeiacem or Ficoideee. From this drug has heen extracted a very sapid 
 
 ' Or Aboasenna, Boucemia, Bessenna, Me- acrid acid greyish resin soluble in ammonia. 
 
 senna, Mussena ; the Bicinna of Tigre and The results of the administration of Mo'U,<;enna, 
 
 ' Kamada of Sawa. in Europe are very contradictory. 
 
54 NATUBAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 rich as they are in tannin. They contain a large quantity in their 
 fruits, for the BahlaW of commerce, so much used in dyeing and 
 tanning, are fruits of various species, either belonging or very nearly 
 allied to Acacia proper. Those of A. arabica, A. Adansonii, and A. 
 SeyaP are frequently imported into Europe. Those of ^. Farnesiana 
 are usually called BalibabulahJ' All are employed in their native 
 countries in the preparation of astringent infusions and decoctions, 
 especially recommended in inflammatory aflfections of the skin, 
 mucous membranes, eyes, and throat. The fruits of Parkia* have 
 also an astringent pericarp, as is the case, too, with Frosopis (called 
 Algarobo in South America), the Angico and Barbatimdo of Brazil, 
 of which we shall treat below, Inga (often termed Algarovillcf in 
 America), and the American species of Fnterolobiwid and Fitheco- 
 lobiumJ It is from the pericarp of several Egyptian Acacias, espe- 
 cially A. arabica, var. nilotica, that Acacia juice is extracted. This 
 juice, now so rare in Europe, is obtained by pounding and pressing 
 the unripe pods ; it has been recommended in ophthalmia, dysentery, 
 and scurvy. The fruits of the Australian species, A. melanoxylon and 
 liomalopkylla, may, we are told, furnish a similar juice. This astrin- 
 gency also occurs in certain morbid products analogous to our galls or 
 bedeguars, produced by a gall- insect on the branches of A. Baddiana* 
 in Egypt, and used in toothache. 
 
 The astringency is often stiU better marked in the bark and 
 wood of the stem and branches. Various kinds of Indian Catechu 
 
 * 
 
 are extracted by infusion from Acacia Catechu .•' the chief kinds are 
 those which Gtuibourt" has named as follows : Cachou brun siliceux, 
 noir mucilagineux ; C. du Fegu en masses, lenticulaire ; C. terne paralleli- 
 pipede ; C. brun siliceux, brun rouge polymorphe, and Uanc enfume. 
 Pereika asserts," that the Catechus from Bengal, extracted from 
 
 ' I'rom the Indian Bahul, Bahula (see GuiB., '' See EoSENTH., op. cit., 1063. 
 
 Drog. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 365. — H. Bjr., in ^ Sati., S. Ale. Acao. Uffiz., Pisa, 1830. — 
 
 Diet. JSncycl. des So. Med., viii. 2). The H. Bn., in Adcmsonia, iv. 120, a. 39. 
 Bablabs of Egypt, India, and Senegal are dis- ' W., Spec., iv. 1079. — H. Bn., in Adan- 
 
 tinguished from each other. sonia, iv. 98, n. 10. — A. polyacamtha W., loc. 
 
 '^ This species is the Senegal Bahldbs. cit. — A. cateckuoides RoXB., Fl. Ind., ii. 562 ? 
 
 ^ Or Balibulali (see H. Bn., loc. cit.). — A. WallicTiicma DC, Prodr., ii. 458. — 
 
 ■• KoSENlH., op. cit., 1051. The seeds of P. Mimosa GatecTm RoxB., op. cit., 563. (See 
 
 intermedia Hassk. are bitter and tonic. above, p. 39 ; figs. 29-31.) 
 
 5 See GtriB., op. cit., 369.— H. Bn., in Diet., '" Drog. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 374, 383. 
 
 Mncycl. des Sc. Medic, ii. 746. " Ulem. Mat. Med., ed. 5, ii. p. 2, 339. — 
 
 " Jaboncillo of the Colombians. Lindi., Fl.Med., 268 Rosenth., op. eii., 1057. 
 
LBOUMINOS^-MIMOSB^. 55 
 
 Acacias, are of inferior quality. Many other Acacias have a very 
 astringent bark, used either in medicine or for dyeing and tanning. 
 This is the case with nearly all the gum species, especially A. 
 arabica, Adansonia, Ehrenberffii, peregrina, Seyal, Verek, &c. "What 
 is called Mimosa-bark Extract in England is obtained from the 
 Australian species with gummy juice, and chiefly from A. decurrens, 
 homalophylla,^ melanoxylon, mollissima,^ pycnantha, &c.' The barks of 
 many other species oi Acacia proper are rich in tannin : but astringency 
 seems most developed in the old species of Mimosa and Acacia, 
 vulgarly known in Brazil as " Bark of youth and of virginity"^ 
 especially Angico^ JBarbatimao^^ Avaremotemo,^ and Jurema^ Many 
 Calliandras, such as the Tendre-a-caillov? and C. grandiflora^" of Mexico, 
 have similar properties ; the latter species is especially recommended 
 in fluxes and chest diseases. No doubt it is for its astringent proper- 
 ties that Mimosa sensitiva^^ is so highly valued in America in the treat- 
 ment of fistula and piles ; just like Adenanthera pavonina (Eed Sandal- 
 wood ; Fr., Condori d^Inde),^^ in rheumatism and inflammations of 
 the mucous membranes, and Pithecolobium Unguiscati^ Inga vera^^ 
 and /. Burgonia,^^ in fluxes and catarrhal phlegmasise ; and in tropical 
 Asia the decoctions of several species of Mimosa, Lewccena and 
 Acacia,^^ are used as lotions to bruised or inflamed parts. So, too, 
 several Albizzias are similarly employed, especially A. micraniha^'' 
 which affords a sort of Catechu ; in Java and the Indian Archipelago 
 
 ' Myall tree of the Australians. Niopo H. B. K.), has similar properties; but it 
 
 ' Silver- Wattle of the Australians. is also a stimulant, and is powdered as a snuff 
 
 ^ See LlHDl., Fl. Med., 270. — H. Bn., in just like Mimosa acacioides. 
 
 Adcmsonia, iv. 103, 109, 114, 116, 119. ' 0. tetragona Benth. — Ajcacia tetragona 
 
 * Pis., Srasil., 77. W. — A. quad/rmiguliwis Lame. 
 
 ' Fvptadenia cohibrina Benth., in Sook. '" Benth. — Acacia gramdiflora W. — Inga 
 
 Joum., iv. 334. — Acacia angico Maet. — anomala DC, part. (Kosenth., op. cit., 1062.) 
 
 Saibanha, Config das Fr. Madeir., &e. " L., Spec, 1501. — DC, Prodr., n. 3. — 
 
 (1865), 126, Icon. Eosenth., op. cit., 1053. 
 
 * Stryplmodendron Sarhatimao Maet. — '^ L. (see above, pp. 21, 22, fig. 15-19). — 
 GuiB., Drag. Simpl., 6d. 4, iii. 306. — H. Bn., Eosenth., op. cit., 1051. 
 
 in Diet. Michel. Sc. Med., viii. 340. — Inga ^^ Benth. — Inga Unguis-caii W., ^ec, iv, 
 
 Sariaiimao Endi. — Acacia adstringens Maet. 1006. — I. guadalwpensis Destx. 
 
 It is prescribed in Brazil in cases of wounds, " W., op. cit., iv. 1014. — -DC, Frodr., 
 
 bums, and even hernias. ii. 433, n. 18. 
 
 ' Pithecolobittm Avaremotevo Maet. — Inga '* DC, op. cit., n. 26. — Mimosa Bam-goni 
 
 Avaremotevo Enbl. — Mimosa coohUocarpos AuBl., Guia/n., ii. t. 358. — M, fagifolia L., 
 
 GoM. — Acacia virginalis PoHl.. — Abaremo- Spec, 1498. 
 
 temo Pis., loe. dt. — Brincos de Sahoim of the '* See Eosenth., op. cit., 1053-1062. 
 
 Brazilians (see Eosenth., op. cit. 1063). '■' Acacia odoratissima W., op. cit. 1063. 
 
 Jurema LlNBL., Veg. — Albizzia micrantha BoiT., in Mna/c. du 
 
 Kmgd., 553. — Acacia Jmema Maet. — Guib., xix". Si^cle, ii. 34. — Cherymaram of Malabar. — 
 
 op. cit., 306. — Eosenth., op. cit., 1059. The Tarriesia Hassk., Cart. Sort. Bog ,,291. 
 Ifiipa or Nuipa of the Americans {Acacia 
 
56 NATURAL niSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 several species of Pitkecolobium are used in phlegmasise of the skin, 
 pharynx, urinary canals, and respiratory organs/ and A. ferrugined 
 is recommended in scurvy. 
 
 Several Mimosem, such as Acacia lucida^ Pitkecolobium lobatum," &c., 
 have edible oily seeds, tasting something like the hazel nut. The 
 embryo of Pentaclethra macrophylM of the Gaboon, often eaten by 
 the natives, is very rich in oil, which might be turned to good 
 account. In several Neptunias, the edible parts are the leaf, buds, 
 and young shoots, which are dressed as vegetables." Several species 
 contain an odoriferous volatile oil ; this is very abundant in the 
 usually yellow, very sweet scented flowers of the Australian Acacias, 
 which come out towards the end of the winter to adorn our cold and 
 temperate conservatories. The sweetest is the so-called Cassia, i.e., 
 A. Farnesiana,^ from which is extracted a stimulating essence of deli- 
 cious perfume. Some other species again have aromatic leaves, used 
 in infusion like tea; we may mention Acacia Julibrissin W., and 
 angustifolia, Wendl.' 
 
 Colouring matters are rare in this group. However, Adenan- 
 thera pavonina (Eed Sandal- wood, Condori d'Inde) supplies a red dye, 
 the rukta-chundun of the Hindoos. The pods oi Acacia Bambola Eoxb., 
 the Indian gall-tree, constitute one kind of Bablabs, and are rich in 
 colouring matter. The wood of A. lielerophylla W., from the Sand- 
 wich islands is impregnated with yellow pigment, and is speckled with 
 darker spots. Pitkecolobium Clypearia^ from south-eastern Asia, con- 
 tains beside a quantity of tannin, a dye used for colouring nets, 
 which it preserves from decay. A lovely crimson is contained in the 
 flowers of P. Jungkuknianum Benth., which is, when in flower, one of 
 the handsomest trees in Japan. P. parvifolium,^" from the West 
 Indies, contains a fine orange yellow dye-stufi^ in its pods, obtained 
 by crushing the pulp ; and the bark of Inga marginata^^ from 
 
 ' RosENTH., op. cU., 1063. ? See p. 41, notes 1, 2. 
 
 2 DC, FroAr., \\. 458, n. 105.— H. Bn., in » ^_ odoraia Desvx. 
 
 Adansonia, ix. 107, n. 16. — Mimosa ferruginea ' Bekth. — Eosehth., op. cit., 1063. — Inga 
 
 BoXB., Fl. Ind., ii. 561. Ch/pearia Jack. — Acacia magnifolia JunaH.^ 
 
 ^ Mimosa lucida Roxu., Fl. Ind., ii. 544. — Mimosa i/rarpezifoUa RoXB. 
 
 Albizzia lucida Benth., in Hook. Jotirn., iii. 86. '" Bekth. — Inga Martha SpEENfl., ex DC, 
 
 •• Benth. — Rosenth., op. cit., 1063. — Frodr., ii. 441, n. 103. The fruit shares the 
 
 Mimosa Jiringa Jack. — M. Koiringa Roxb. name of Alga/romlla with several others in the 
 
 ' Benth. — H. BN.,in Adansonia, vi. 204, t. iv. Antilles, 
 
 fig. 5. — Owalji of the natives of the Gahoon. " W. (nee H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 
 
 ° LOTIK., Fl. CocMnch., ed. Ulyssip. (1790), 285). — Mimosa fagifoUa L. (ex Rosenth., op. 
 
 654. — Rosenth., op. cit , 1053. cit., 1065). 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 57 
 
 Gruiana and tte neighbouring countries, is rich in tannin, and serves 
 to dye coarse fabrics and even to stain woods. 
 
 The wood of the Mimosa, though much less useful in this respect 
 than that of the CcesalpiniecB, is still frequently of good quality, and 
 is prized by the carpenter, the cabinet-maker, and the turner. J. 
 arabica and Farnesiana are used in India for making axletrees and 
 wheels. The wood of A. dnerea,^ odoratissima, Sundra, and stipulata 
 have their value ; and that of A. speciosa, dark and fine-grained, is 
 used for furniture. It is a Mimosa from the forests of Brazil, that 
 is said to furnish the handsome wood known as Jacandra- or Eose- 
 wood of commerce ; it possesses an excellent perfume Virhen fresh.' 
 The useful woods of the same country, known by the names of 
 Cabuy, Jacare, Monjolo-ferro,^ are also attributed to this group. The 
 Angico-wood of commerce comes, we are told, not from the Pipta- 
 denia which furnishes the Angico-pods,^ but from Pithecolobium 
 gummiferum.^ F.filicifolium Benth.,* from Mexico and the Antilles, 
 is used for cabinet-making ; so, too, are P. unguis- cati of the West 
 Indies, which supphes one kind of Tendre-a-caillou (so named from 
 its hardness) of the Antilles; P. montanum Benth.,° from the 
 Indian Archipelago, whose wood is solid and flexible; and P. 
 umhellatvm Benth.,' whose hard compact wood is cleft with difficulty. 
 The stem of P. dypearia is used for making boats in tropical Asia ; 
 but its resistance to the action of water and its durability are alike 
 very limited. The wood of Calliandra tetragonc^ is the true Tendre- 
 a-caillou of Caraccas. Lysiloma Sabica Benth., from Cuba, is a fine 
 tree which gives the true Sabica wood of the Antilles. 
 
 In i^^a the stem is rarely very large. That of I. Bourgoni is 
 used in Guiana, under the name of Paletuvier de montagne (Mountain 
 Mangrove). The Eed Sandal-wood (Fr., Bois de Condori) is used as 
 timber; and A. falcata L., from the Moluccas, makes strong shields. 
 Ai-ms and tools are also made in Oceania from the wood of Leuccena 
 glauca.^ That of Z. odoratissima Hassk. is highly prized for building. 
 
 ■ See Ldtdl., Veg. Kingd., 553. « F.faldfoUwm Hassk. 
 
 ' Saidakha, op. cit., 126, n. 33-35. „ „ c i t, j. ■■ 
 
 ' Whose wood is, however, also of good quality, ' Mimosa wmbellata Vim., SywJ>. Bot., n. 
 
 and fairly prized. Its specific gravity is 1-063 W3.—Inga umbellata W., op. eit., iv. 1027. 
 
 (Salbanha, oy. <At., 92). a Benth., in SooTc. Journ., ii. 139.— Acacia 
 
 * Maet., ex EoSEHTH., op. cit., 1064. The tetragona W. 
 tree also furnishes gum. 
 
 * Acacia arhorea W., op. cit., iv. 1064. — ' Benth., in IIooTc. Jov/rn., iv. 416. — Acacia 
 Lamk., IHct., j. 12. gltmoa W. 
 
58 NATURAL HI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 as is that of Xylia dolahriformis^ in the East Indies. Oars are 
 made from the branches of Dichrostachys cinered' in the same 
 country. Many species of Acacia proper, including the gum species, 
 have a valuable wood, more or less hard and coloured. The light 
 red wood of A. arabica, is the Diababul wood^ of authors. A. 
 Cavenia," catechuoides Eoxb. and horrida W. are valued for building 
 purposes and for fuel; the ashes of the first are used in soap- 
 boiling in South America, and the last is used at the Cape in 
 fumigations for cases of cramp, epUepsy, &c. The variegated 
 yellow wood of A. heterophylla is used for boat-building. That of 
 A. Coa A. Gray, the Koa of the Sandwich Islands, is as much prized 
 as that of A. tenuifoliaW ., Kalhona 'Ro'S.'s.,floribunda W., and dodonesi- 
 folia Desf,, for carpentry and cabinet work. The lovely blackish 
 wood of A. melanoxyloTt' {Black-wood or Light-wood), and the charm- 
 ing sweet-scented Violet-wood or Myall-wood, from A. Jiomalophylla^ are 
 among the most remarkable products furnished by Australian Legu- 
 minosce to the cabinet-maker. A. scleroxylon Tuss. is another Tendre- 
 a-caillou of the Antilles. In the section Albizzia, several species 
 furnish valuable wood, such as A. odoratissima,^ Lebbek^ Julibrissin,^ 
 and stipulatay A. montana^^ from Java, is the Caju Ticcos major, or 
 Large Mouse-wood (Fr., Grand Bois de souris), very pretty, and easy to 
 polish, and used to make elegant boxes. But it ' has a peculiar 
 smeU, which attracts mice ; it is, however, sometimes used as a 
 condiment in cooking. 
 
 • See page 26, note 1. ' A. speciosa W., ex W. & Abn., Prodr,, i. 
 2 W. & Aen., Prodr., i. 271. — Desmanthus 275. — Mimosa Sirissa KoxB., Fl. Ind., ii. 554. — 
 
 cinereus W., op. cit, iv. 1048. — Mimosa cinerea M. Lebbeh Blajic., J7. d. FiUpp., 133. — Albizzia 
 
 L., Spec, 1505. Lelbek Benth., in HooJe. Jowti., iii. 87 {Cotton 
 
 ' Gttib., op. cit., iii. 326. varat/ of the Malabars, JBois noir or Black wood 
 
 * Hook. & Aen., ap. Seech. Voy. Bot., 21. of Pondicherry). 
 
 — BosENTH., op. cit., 1060. {Oaven, JEspimo, Mor ' W., ojp. cit., iv. 1065, — Albizzia J-ulibrissin 
 
 de aroma of the Chilians.) Dtjeazz., loc. cit. 
 
 s R. Bb., in Ait. Sort. Kew., v. 462.— H. " DC, Prodr., ii. 469, n. 209.— Mimosa 
 
 Bn., in Adamonia, iv. 114, n. 27 (Slac& wood stipulacea BoxB., Cat. Sort. Calc., 40. — Al- 
 
 of the Australians). bizzia stipvlata Boiv. — Inga purpurascens Bi. 
 
 ^ A. CuNN., ex Bbnth., in HooTc. Jown., i. — I. umbraculiformis JuifOH. {Amloci:o of the 
 
 365, n. 148. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, iv. 109, n. Bengalese, Sengon, Djimdjimg of the Javanese). 
 19. " JUNGH., Tijd. Sat. Besch., x. 246. — A. 
 
 ' W., op. cit., iv. 1063. — A. similis ZoiL. — rmleanica Koeth., in Flora (1827), 705. — Inga 
 
 Mimosa odoratissima L., Suppl., 437. — Albizzia montana JuNan., in Top. Sat. Meis., 288. 
 
 micrantha BoiT. — A. odoratissima Bekth., loc. Albizzia montana Benth., in Plant. JungTi., 
 
 cit. 267. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSE^. 69 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. ADENANTHEKEiE. 
 
 1. Adenanthera L. — Elowers generally hermaphrodite, more 
 rarely polygamous ; receptacle short concave. Calyx gamosepalous 
 5-, or very rarely 4-toothed, valvate. Petals 5, or very rarely 4, 
 cohering hy margins to a variable height, valvate, or more rarely 
 subimbricate at apex. Stamens 10, 5 altemipetalous, 5 shorter 
 oppositipetalous ; filaments inserted a little above base of corolla, 
 free ; anthers introrse 2-ceUed, 2-rimose ; connective crowned by a 
 deciduous shortly-stipitate gland ; poUen-grains oo. Grermen sessile 
 or shortly-stipitate, tapering at apex into a slender style ; stigma 
 small terminal ; ovules oo, parietal 2-seriate descending anatropous ; 
 ;micropyle extrorse superior. Legume linear, often curved or 
 falciform, compressed, or swollen over the seeds, 2-valved; valves 
 entire convex, usually finally contorted, often divided within between 
 the seeds by septa continuous with endocarp. Seeds thick ; integu- 
 ments hard, uniform in colour or of two colours, enveloped by an 
 epidermal pulp ; albumen pretty copious, fleshy or horny ; embryo 
 inverted; radicle short superior; cotyledons thick fleshy at base, 
 auriculate and coalescing to form a short sheath round radicle. — 
 Unarmed trees; leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets cxi-jugate; flowers ia 
 racemes or spikes, axillary or panicled at extremities of branches 
 {Asia, dfrica, tropical Australia). — See p. 21. 
 
 2. Elephantorrhiza Benth. — Flowers hermaphrodite, more 
 rarely polygamous (of Adenanthera). Legume almost straight, 
 piano-compressed thick coriaceous ; sutures persistent continuous ; 
 valves becoming free ; endocarp coming away entire from exocarp. 
 Seeds transverse orbiculate compressed. — Low undershrubs; rhi- 
 zome thick ; leaves 2-pinnate ; leaflets small oo -jugate ; glands ; 
 flowers in cylindrical racemes; racemes either axillary or several 
 inserted on a short leafless scape {Southern Africa). — See p. 23. 
 
 3. Strjrphnodendron Maet. — Flowers of Adenanthera; recep- 
 
60 NATURAL EI8T0EY OF PLANTS. 
 
 tacle a little wider, lined by a 1 0-crenate glandular disk. Legume 
 linear compressed or subcylindrical thick, more or less divided 
 within between seeds by septa continuous with endocarp ; mesocarp 
 fleshy subpulpy indehiscent ? Seeds transverse. — Small unarmed 
 trees ; leaves 2-pinnate ; leaflets oc-jugate usually rather broad, 
 unequal at base, bearded on under surface at axils of veins; 
 petiolar gland considerable; jugal glands few; flowers in axillary 
 shortly-pedunculate racemes; pedicels short {Tropical America). — 
 See p. 23. 
 
 4. Piptadenia Benth. — Mowers of Stryphnodendron. Legume 
 stipitate or subsessile, broadly linear, membranous or coriaceous, 
 2-valved, continuous and wanting pulp within ; valves entire ; 
 seeds compressed. — Trees or shrubs, unarmed or prickly; leaves 
 2-pinnate ; leaflets small oc-jugate, or more rarely larger pauci- 
 jugate; petiolar and jugal glands rarely absent; flowers in spikes 
 or racemes ; inflorescence either long cylindrical or globose, pedun- 
 culate, solitary axillary, or often panicled at extremities of twigs 
 {Tropical America and Africa). — See p. 24. 
 
 5. Plathymenia Benth. — Flowers of Stryphnodendron. Legume 
 broadly-linear straight piano-compressed thin ; exocarp continuous 
 2-valved; endocarp separating from it, lomentaceous, transversely 
 articulated ; segments persisting round single included transverse 
 seeds. — Trees or shrubs, unarmed ; leaves 2-pinnate ; leaflets and 
 pinnse usually cd -jugate; petiolar and jugal glands very rarely 
 absent ; flowers in cylindrical pedunculate, supra-axillary or panicled, 
 spikes or racemes ; axil of leaf often sheltering a gland or bud below 
 inflorescence {Brazil). — See p. 25. 
 
 6. Xylia Benth. — Flowers (of Adenanthera) 4-, 5-merous ; recep- 
 tacle obconical; stamens 8-10 ; anthers crowned by a minute stipi- 
 tate deciduous gland. Legume sessile broadly falciform piano- 
 compressed thick, woody 2-valved, spuriously septate within be- 
 tween transverse obovate compressed seeds. — An unarmed tree ; 
 leaves 2-pinnate; pinnse 1 -jugate; leaflets large paucijugate; 
 petiolar glands more or less prominent ; stipules minute deciduous ■ 
 inflorescence capitate ; heads globose pedunculate axillary fascicled, 
 or racemose at extremities of branches {Tropical Asia).' — See p. 25. 
 
LDGUMINOSJS-MIMOSEJi;. 61 
 
 7. Entada Adans. — Flowers of Adenanthera ; receptacle short 
 cupuliform, lined by a disk. Legume straight or bowed (in a few 
 species very large), piano-compressed; margins straight or some- 
 what constricted between seeds ; pericarp thin submembranous or 
 coriaceous, or more rarely woody; sutures thick persistent con- 
 tinuous ; valves lomentaceous transversely articulated, separating 
 between the sutures; endocarp in separate 1 -seeded segments per- 
 sisting round the orbiculate thick included seed and separating from, 
 exocarp. — Shrubs, often high-climbing, unarmed ; leaves 2-pinnate ; 
 pinnse of highest row sometimes changed into spiral tendrils ; leaflets 
 either small numerous or larger few; stipules small setaceous; 
 petiolar glands ; flowers in spikes ; spikes thin solitary or gemi- 
 nate, placed at extremities of twigs, sometimes approximated to 
 form a leafless racemose panicle {Tropical America, Asia, Oceania, 
 and Africa) See p. 26. 
 
 8. Tetrapleiira Benth. — " Flowers of J^;«^«cfc." Legume oblong 
 4-gonous, nearly straight or subfalciform, indehiscent thick ; sutures 
 2 and faces 2 produced to form thick angular longitudinal cruciate 
 wing; endocarp thick, spuriously septate within between separate 
 compressed transverse seeds. — An unarmed tree ; " leaves opposite 
 2-pinnate ; small leaflets and pinnse c»-jugate ; flowers in spicifonn 
 cylindrical axillary racemes" {Western tropical Africa). — See p. 27. 
 
 9. Gagnebina Neck. — Flowers of Adenanthera, but with convex 
 receptacle and hypogynous perianth. Legume linear-oblong some- 
 what thick compressed indehiscent ; sutures with membranous 
 wings ; endocarp thick projecting within between seeds ; loceUi oc, 
 each containing 1 transverse ovate seed. — An unarmed tree ; leaves 
 2-pinnate ; small leafless and pinnse cxi -jugate ; petiolar gland broad ; 
 jugal glands small setaceous; flowers in spikes; spikes cylindrical 
 pedunculate, fascicled in higher axils, or panicled at extremities of 
 twigs {Madagascar^. — See p. 27. 
 
 10. Prosopis L. — Flowers oi Piptadenia ; staminal gland of vari- 
 able form, usually deciduous, more rarely 0. Legume linear thick 
 compressed or subterete, straight or falciform, hard and circinate {Cir- 
 cinaria) or variously contorted, more rarely bent into a more or less 
 regular and close spiral {Stromhocarpus), sometimes straight very 
 
62 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 thick {Anonychium), sometimes elongated plano-convex or moniliform 
 {Algarohid), more rarely irregularly thickened, corrugated twisted' 
 {Adenosis) ; indehiscent ; endocarp cartilaginous or papyraceous, 
 usually produced into septa between separate seeds, more rarely con- 
 tinuous by disappearance of septa ; mesocarp thin or more usually 
 thick, spongy. Seeds ovate or oblong, compressed. — Trees or shrubs, 
 prickly, usually armed with axillary spines ; leaves 2 -pinnate ; pinnse 
 1-, 2-, or rarely oo-jugate; leaflets often somewhat rigid, pauci- or 
 multi-jugate; stipules small or 0; flowers in solitary or fascicled 
 axillary racemes spikes or globose heads [All tropical and subtropical 
 regions). — See p. 28. 
 
 11. ? Xerocladia Habv. — ^Flowers 5-merous {oi Prosopis) ; calyx 
 deeply cleft; petals cohering below the middle. Stamens shortly 
 exserted. Ovary 1- or pauciovulate. Legume sessile plano-com-' 
 pressed indehiscent, 1-2-seeded, " broadly falciform-ovate or semi- 
 orbicular, bowed tapering winged at inferior suture." A small shrub, 
 rigid much-branched ; leaves few 2-pinnate ; pinnae 1-2-jugate ; 
 leaflets small pauci-jugate ; stipules spinescent curved ; flowers in 
 short subcapitate axillary spikes; peduncle short ^Southern Africa). — ' 
 See p. 29. 
 
 12. Dichrostacliys DC. — Flowers 5-merous diflFering in colour, 
 hermaphrodite or polygamous, inferior neuter. Calyx toothed. 
 Petals cohering below the middle, valvate. Stamens 10 ; filaments 
 in hermaphrodite flower free slender ; in neutral and female petaloid 
 or filiform, elongated coloured ; anthers introrse, crowned by a stipi- 
 tate gland, in neutral and female flowers small or sterile or usually 0. 
 Gynseceum oiProsopis. Legume linear compressed twisted coriaceous 
 indehiscent, continuous within ; valves rarely separating irregularly 
 from sutures. Seeds obovate compressed. — Shrubs ; twigs often 
 short, sometimes spinescent leafless ; leaves 2-pinnate, often fascicled 
 on florifercSus branches ; leaflets small oo-jugate ; stipules small or 
 deciduous, or on floriferous twigs, broader imbricated ; flowers- in 
 spikes ; spikes cylindrical pedunculate, solitary or geminate, often 
 nutant, either axillary or terminal on very short fascicled-leaved 
 twigs; upper flowers hermaphrodite, lower neuter, middle often 
 unisexual {Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia), — See p. 29. 
 
LEGUMIN08^-MIM08EM. 63 
 
 13. Neptunia Lour. — Flowers of Dic/irostachys, upper flowers 
 hermaphrodite, lower usually male or neuter. Stamens 10 or more 
 rarely 5. Gynseceum of Prosq^«s ; stigma terminal concave. Legume 
 obliquely oblong, inclined to stalk, piano-compressed membranous- 
 coriaceous, 3-valved, spuriously subseptate within between trans- 
 versely-compressed seeds.— 'Perennial herbs or diffuse or prostrate 
 undershrubs, often floating ; twigs compressed or triquetrous ; leaves 
 2-pinnate ; leaflets small ; petiole rarely glandular _: stipules mem- 
 branous, obliquely cordate; flowers in ovate-globose, more rarely 
 obovate, pedunculate axillary solitary heads ; lower neuter or male 
 flowers containing long petaloid coloured filaments {Tropical and sub- 
 tropical America, Asia, and Africa). — See p. 29. 
 
 II. EUMIMOSE^. 
 
 14. Mimosa L. — Flowers 4-, 5-, more rarely 3-, 6-merous, her- 
 maphrodite or polygamous ; receptacle shortly concave. Caly:x 
 gamosepalous membranous toothed, valvate, or else paleaceous-ciliate, 
 more rarely nearly absent. Petals connate to a variable height, valvate. 
 Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, free exserted ; anthers 
 2-ceUed, introrsely rimose glandless ; pollen-grains go. Germen 
 sessile or shortly stipitate ; style terminal ; apex truncate or capitate, 
 stigmatiferous ; ovules 2- oo, descending ; micropyle extrorse superior. 
 Legume oblong or linear, compressed or more or less thickened, 
 membranous or coriaceous, continuous or septate within ; valves 
 either separating entire from continuous margin, or divided by 
 transverse articulations. Seeds ovate or orbiculate, piano-compressed, 
 often albuminous. — Herbs or shrubs, sometimes climbing ; more 
 rarely trees, unarmed or prickly; leaves 2-pinnate, more rarely 
 phyllodes, often sensitive ; petioles rarely glandular, usually stipel- 
 late ; stipules lateral membranous or very small ; flowers in spikes 
 or globose heads ; heads axillary, solitary or geminate (i.e., on either 
 side of a short axillary twig), rarely fascicled, sometimes racemose 
 at extremities of twigs {Tropical America, Asia, and Africa). — ; 
 See p. 30. 
 
 15. Schranckia W. — Flowers 4-5-merous (of J/wosa). Legume 
 linear, prickly on all sides, acute or acuminate at apex; valves 
 
64 NATUBAL RISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 separating from and narrower than dilated persistent margin, more 
 rarely broader not articulated. Seeds oblong, sub-4-gonal; funicle 
 short. — Herbs or nndershrubs, prickly ; leaves (of Mimosa) often 
 sensitive ; petiole glandless, often setigerous between pinnae ; stipules 
 setaceous ; flowers in spikes or beads ; inflorescence axillary solitary 
 or fascicled {Tropical America and Africa^. — See p. 32. 
 
 16. Leucsena Benth. — Flowers 5-merous (of Mimosa), herma- 
 phrodite or polygamous. Petals free valvate. Stamens 10, hypo- 
 gynous. Grermen stipitate oo-ovulate; stigma dilated concave. 
 Legume stipitate broadly-linear piano-compressed rigid membranous, 
 continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds transverse ovate compressed. — 
 Trees or shrubs, unarmed ; leaves small or large, pauci- or oo -jugate, 
 oblique ; petiole often glandular ; stipules minute or setaceous ; 
 flowers in globose heads, sometimes bracteate at base, or in a 
 terminal leafless raceme {All tropical regions. Pacific Ocean). — See 
 p. 33. 
 
 17. Desmanthus W. — Flowers minute (of Mimosa) 5-merous, 
 hermaphrodite or polygamous, lower often male or neuter. Calyx 
 shortly toothed, valvate. Petals free or cohering to a variable 
 height, valvate. Stamens 5-10, free. Germen oo-ovulate. Legume 
 linear, straight or more rarely falciform, piano-compressed acute 
 membranous-coriaceous, continuous or subseptate within, 2-valved. 
 Seeds oblique or descending ovate compressed. — Undershrubs or 
 perennial herbs ; branches slender angularly striated ; leaves 2-pin- 
 nate ; leaflets minute ; stipules setaceous persistent ; petiolar gland 
 usually 1 between lowest pair of pinnae; flowers in minute few- 
 flowered ovate-globose pedunculate axillary solitary heads {All tropical 
 regions, North and South America). — See p. 34. 
 
 III. paekiej:. 
 
 18. Parkia E. Br. — Flowers 5-merous, either all hermaphrodite 
 or the lower male or neuter ; receptacle long tubular. Calyx gamo- 
 sepalous tubular, 5-lobed at apex ; lobes unequal imbricated 2-labiate ; 
 2 anterior lobes larger. Petals 5, equal linear-spathulate, free or 
 connate to a variable height, valvate. Stamens 10 ; filaments mona- 
 delphous at base, adnate to or free from corolla, finally becoming free 
 
LHaUMINOSM-MlMOBBJE. 65 
 
 consecutively, much exserted ; antliers 2-celled introrse 2-rimose, 
 crowned by a gland ; pollen-masses composed of oo grains collected 
 in 2 rows in each cell. Gynseceum central free, inserted in 
 bottom of receptacular tube ; ovary supported on a long stalk or 
 more rarely sessile ; style filiform exserted ; apex minutely capitate 
 stigmatiferous ; ovules oo, 2-seriate descending. Legume straight 
 or bowed, more or less elongated compressed coriaceous or sub- 
 carnose, 2-valved. Seeds transverse thick compressed ; embryo 
 exalburainous ; cotyledons thick fleshy ; radicle superior included. — 
 Trees, unarmed ; leaves alternate 2-pinnate ; leaflets numerous small; 
 flowers very numerous in pyriform or depressed-globose heads, singly 
 situate in axils of closely imbricated bracts ; peduncles long, either 
 axillary solitary pendulous or in racemes at extremities of branches 
 {Tropical Asia Africa and America). See p. 34. i 
 
 19. Pentaclethra Benth. — Flowers o-merous, hermaphrodite or 
 dioecious; receptacle shortly campanulate or tubular, lined by a 
 glandular 10-crenate or 10-lobed disk. Calyx deeply 5-toothed, 
 much imbricated. Petals both connate and adnate to stamens to' a 
 variable height, valvate. Stamens 10-20, perigynous; 5 alterni- 
 petalous fertile ; anthers introrse 2-celled 2-rimose bearing a deci- 
 duous gland; 5 oppositipetalous (or 10-15, 2, 3 opposite each petal) 
 sterile, subulate or very elongated linear, much exserted, coloured ; 
 all filaments monadelphous to a variable height. Ovary scarcely 
 stipitate oo-ovulate ; style slender ; apex slightly dilated concave 
 stigmatiferous. Legume elongated, narrow at base, more or less 
 oblique, compressed coriaceous-ligneous, often very thick ; valves 
 becoming revolute by elasticity on dehiscence. Seeds broad com- 
 pressed unequal ; embryo exalbuminous thick oily ; radicle included, 
 — Trees, unarmed ; leaves 2-pinnate ; pinnae and leaflets oo, unequal ; 
 stipules small caducous ; stipellse setaceous ; glands ; flowers small 
 crowded on elongated, simple or more often branched, spikes 
 {Tropical America and Africa). See p. 36. 
 
 IV. ACACIE^. 
 
 20. Acacia T. — Flowers 4-, 5-, more rarely 3-, 6-merous, her- 
 maphrodite or polygamous ; receptacle more or less, usually slightly, 
 concave, glandular within, rarely subplane or slightly convex at 
 
 VOL. II. ^ 
 
66 NATURAL EIBTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 apex. Calyx toothed or lobed, more rarely polysepalous and short 
 or nearly absent or composed of minute cilia. Petals free or 
 oftener both connate and adnate to stamens to a variable height, 
 valvate in sestivation. Stamens co, usually very numerous; fila- 
 ments slender exserted, hypogynous or oftener somewhat perigynous, 
 inserted at summit of receptacle or under disk either free, or mona- 
 delphous {Lophantd) or polyadelphous just at base or rarely to a 
 greater height {Albizzia), or monadelphous forming a long exserted 
 tube {Zygid), always free at apex ; anthers small introrse 2-celled 
 2-rimose; pollen-grains usually aggregated in 2-4 masses in each 
 cell. Germen sessile or stipitate, 2- oo-ovulate ; ovules 2-seriate 
 descending ; micropyle extrorse superior ; style slender ; apex trun- 
 cate or minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume ovate, oblong 
 or linear, plane convex or terete, straight or bowed, more rarely 
 variously twisted, membranous coriaceous or ligneous, 2-valved or 
 indehiscent, continuous, stuffed or septate within, more rarely sepa- 
 rating transversely into 1-seeded segments. Seeds transverse or 
 descending, ovate or suborbicular, compressed ; funicle short straight 
 or longer pendulous, more rarely very long corrugated or folded, 
 variably dilated into a fleshy aril. — Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, 
 unarmed prickly or spiny ; leaves alternate 2-pinnate ; leaflets 
 usually minute cc -jugate, more rarely reduced to a compressed leaf- 
 like petiole or phyllode ; petiolar gland often more or less conspi- 
 cuous ; stipules 0, or of variable form, minute, more rarely broader 
 membranous, sometimes spinescent straight or curved ; flowers 
 small, usually crowded, in globose heads or cylindrical dense or 
 interrupted pedunculate spikes ; peduncles axillary, solitary or gemi- 
 nate or more rarely fascicled or else in racemes at extremities of 
 branches {Tropical Australia and Africa, all hot regions). See p. 37. 
 
 21. Inga Plum. — Flowers 5-, more rarely 6-merous (of Acacia), 
 hermaphrodite or more rarely polygamous ; stamens connate at 
 base to a variable height, forming a tube, usually at the same time 
 adnate to base of corolla. Ovary sessile cc -ovulate ; style subulate ; 
 apex truncate or capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume linear, straight 
 or slightly curved, plane 4-gonous or terete, coriaceous or subcarnose, 
 scarcely dehiscent ; sutures usually dilated thick furrowed. Seeds 
 bare or enveloped in a sweet pulp. — Trees or shrubs, unarmed; 
 leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets often large ; petiole generally winged 
 
LEGUMINOS^-MIMOSEJS. 67 
 
 between the juga ; usually 1 interfoliolar gland ; stipules minute 
 caducous, or more rarely broad lanceolate persistent ; flowers in 
 globose umbels, or heads, or short or more rarely elongated and 
 loose spikes ; .peduncles solitary or fascicled axillary, or more rarely 
 in racemes at extremities of branches {Tropical South America). 
 See p. 42. 
 
 22. Calliandra Benth. — Flowers 5-, 6-merous, hermaphrodite or 
 polygamous (of In^a) ; stamens much exserted. Legume hnear, 
 straight or more rarely slightly falcate, piano-compressed with 
 thickened margins or more rarely subterete, 2-valved ; valves 
 bending back from apex to base by elasticity on dehiscence ; endo- 
 
 carp containing no pulp Small trees or shrubs ; leaves 2-pinnate ; 
 
 stipules usually persistent, membranous or spinescent, more rarely ; 
 umbellate or capitate inflorescence of Inga {Tropical and subtropical 
 America, East Indies). — See p. 43. 
 
 23. Lysiloma Benth. — Flowers 5-merous polygamous (of Calli- 
 andra; stamens oc, rarely few (12-25), monadelphous at base. 
 Legume (of Acacia) linear, or more frequently broad, straight, or 
 falcate, piano-compressed submembranous, continuous within j valves 
 separating at maturity from entire persistent sutures. — Trees or 
 shrubs, unarmed ; leaves 2-pinnate ; flowers in globose heads or 
 cylindrical spikes ; peduncles axillary, solitary or fascicled, or more 
 rarely in short racemes {Tropical and subtropical America). See p. 43. 
 
 24. Pithecolobium Mart. — Flowers hermaphrodite or poly- 
 gamous (of Inga or Calliandra). Legume flat or compressed, almost 
 straight, or more frequently falcate or twisted, coriaceous thick or 
 subcarnose, 2-valved or more rarely indehiscent, or separating into 
 1 -seeded segments ; valves usually finally twisted (but not curling up 
 elasticaUy). Seeds lodged in thin pulp. — Trees or shrubs, unarmed 
 or spinegcent; 2-pinnate leaves and inflorescence of Calliandra 
 {Tropical America, Asia, Africa, and Australia). See p. 44. 
 
 25. Enterolobium Mart. — Flowers of Pithecolobimn. Legume 
 broad, circinate or curved reniforra, compressed, thick, hard septate 
 between thick seeds, indehiscent. — Trees, unarmed; leaves 2-pinnate 
 (of Pithecolobium) ; heads globose pedunculate axillary, solitary or 
 
68 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 fascicled, or more rarely in short racemes {Tropical America). See 
 p. 46. 
 
 26. Serianthes Benth. — Flowers 5-merous (parts in order of 
 magnitude), hermaphrodite or more rarely polygamous (of Inga). 
 Calyx thick, widely campauulate, 5-lobed valvate. Petals adnate at 
 base to staminal tube, valvate. Stamens co (very numerous), mona- 
 delphous. Germen sessile oo-ovulate; style thin; apex scarcely 
 dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong-ovate, straight or falcate, 
 piano-compressed or undulate, woody indehiscent, septate between 
 transverse compressed seeds. — Trees, unarmed ; leaves large 2-pin- 
 nate ; pinnae and leaflets unsymmetrically co-jugate ; petiolar and 
 jugal glands rather prominent ; stipules minute or obsolete ; flowers 
 in subcorymbose racemes near extremities of branches [Tropical Asia, 
 South Sea Islands). See p. 46. 
 
 27. AflEbnsea A. S. H. — Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous 
 (of Serianthus). Carpels 2-6, free ; ovaries oc-ovulate. Legume 
 (when young) linear, thick, straight ; funicle of seed dilated into a 
 fleshy aril. — Trees ; leaves (of Tngd) abruptly pinnate ; stipules per- 
 sistent, not spinescent; flowers in loose or subracemose axillary 
 terminal spikes {Brazil). See p. 47. 
 
 28. Archidendron F. Muell. — Ylfmet^oi Affonsea; calyx entire, 
 evenly truncated; carpels 5-15, oo-ovulate. Legume indurated 
 coriaceous, bowed or variously twisted, without pulp, dehiscing late. 
 Seeds transverse exalbuminous ; funicle short. — A. tree ; leaves 2- 
 pinnate; pinnae 1- or paucijugate; flowers umbellate-capitate near 
 axils {Eastern subtropical Australia). See p. 47. 
 
SUB-ORDER C^SALPINIE^. 
 
 I. CADIA SEEIES. 
 
 Cadia^ (figs. 38-44) has regular hermaphrodite flowers, usually 
 pentamerous." The receptacle forms a pretty deep cup (fig. 41), 
 lined by a glandular disk,' and bearing the perianth and androceum 
 
 Cadia vmia. 
 
 Fig. 38. 
 Habit (1). 
 
 on its edges, with the gynEBceum in its centre. The calyx consists 
 of five sepals coherent below, and valvate in the bud.^ The petals 
 are all equal in size, shortly unguiculate and free, contorted (fig. 40) or 
 variably imbricated in the bud.° The stamens are inserted within 
 the petals, outside the crenate rim of the glandular disk. The five 
 superposed to the sepals are at first the longer ; the other five are 
 
 • POESE., M. ^gypt.-Aral., 90. — DC, 
 Prodr., ii. 486. — Spach, Smt. a Bvffon, i. 108. — 
 Endi., &en., n. 6776.-3. H., Gen., 560, n. 
 290. — Pamoiatica Picciv., Sort. Panciat., 9, 
 icon. — Spaendoncea Desp., J)ec. Phil., vii. 
 259.— Lame., Diet. vii. 301 ; HI., t. 948. 
 
 ■^ roKSKHAL has seen 6-7-merous flowers in 
 C. varia. 
 
 ^ The edges of the disk form as many little 
 festoons as there are stamens. 
 
 ■' Or verj' slightly reduplicate. 
 
 ° The vexillary petal, described as external in 
 the bud by Bektham & Hookee (loc. cit.), may 
 be altogether internal, as we have several times 
 made out, and is of necessity overlapping one 
 side and overlapped the other when the corolla 
 is contorted. 
 
70 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 superposed to the petals.' Each has a free filament, swollen and 
 
 Cadia varia. 
 
 Via. 39. 
 Flower. 
 
 Pia. 40. 
 Diagram. 
 
 FW. 41. 
 Longitndinal section of flower. 
 
 Cadia va/na. 
 
 articulated at the base and tapering at the apex, and an introrse 
 two-celled, anther of longitudinal dehiscence. The 
 free central ovary is that of a Leguminose. Its 
 ovary, supported on a slender foot, contains an 
 indefinite number of ovules in two vertical rows 
 on a placenta superposed to the anterior petal ; 
 they are anafcropous and descending or horizontal, 
 with the micropyle looking upwards and outwards 
 (fig. 41).^ The style is short and bowed, and 
 its apex curving towards the placenta dilates into 
 a very little papillose stigraatiferous head. The 
 fruit is a pod, supported on a slender foot, whose 
 base is surrounded by the persistent calyx and 
 receptacle (fig. 42). It is slender elongated 
 coriaceous and glabrous, enclosing a variable 
 number of seeds (figs. 43, 44), which contain within 
 their coats a fleshy exalbuminous embryo, with 
 an inflexed radicle accumbent on the two lateral 
 cotyledons. Cadia consists of shrubs from the 
 coast and islands of tropical Africa, with alternate 
 imparipinnate leaves possessing two lateral stipules. 
 
 The flowers are in ^qm- or one-flowered racemes,' terminating 
 
 Pia. 42. 
 Fruit (f). 
 
 • These five stamens are at first shorter than 
 the rest, and are originally inserted outside of 
 them. 
 
 2 These ovules have two coats, and are at 
 first arranged in two parallel rows. Their final 
 
 direction is often such that the raphe is inferior 
 and quite horizontal. 
 
 ^ In C. varia, there are few flowers on each 
 axis ; or there is a single flower terminating a 
 little axillary branch, which bears one or few 
 bracts below it. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-OMSALPINIBJE. 
 
 n 
 
 Cadia varia. 
 
 the branches or axillary to the upper leaves. Two species are 
 known.' 
 
 The thorough regularity of the flower of Cadia leads us to 
 consider this genus as the most perfect type to be found in the 
 Legmninoscs (excluding MimosecB), and to 
 place them at the head of this group in 
 a series apart, the artificial nature of which 
 does not, however, escape our notice. 
 The series remaining to be reviewed will 
 be referred to CcssalpinietB and Papilio- 
 nacece, between which there is only one 
 absolute difierence. If the axillary petal, 
 in Cadia usually overlapped on the one 
 
 side and overlapping on the other, becomes overlapped on both 
 sides, the plant belongs to CcBsalpiniece ; if on the contrary it overlaps 
 on both sides, to PapilionacecR. As in Cadia we may find either 
 arrangement,^ we place it at the head of the two sub -orders we are 
 now about to describe. 
 
 Fia. 43. 
 Seed (f). 
 
 Fig-. 44. 
 Longitudinal 
 section of seed. 
 
 II. C^SALPmiA SERIES. 
 
 Cmsalpinid (Fr., Bresillet — figs. 45-48), has more or less irregular 
 hermaphrodite flowers. The receptacle forms a broad shallow cup, 
 lined by a glandular tissue, somewhat thickened near the rim. The 
 flve sepals may be equal or unequal ; if unequal, the anterior is the 
 largest, indicating by its position that the flower is resupinate. By 
 this the two lateral sepals are broadly overlapped, and they them- 
 selves again overlap the two posterior, of which one is quite internal 
 (fig. 47). The corolla consists of five free alternating petals, either 
 sub-equal or unequal, the posterior petal being in the latter case the 
 smallest, and overlapped by the two lateral petals, which are them- 
 selves overlapped by the posterior pair. There are ten stamens, five 
 
 ' Perhaps three (Foesk., loc. cit.; — Lh^eit., 
 in Mag. Bncycl., v. 29 ; — A. Rich., Tent. Fl. 
 Abyss., i. 248, t. 46. — Bakeb, in Oht., M. 
 Trap. Afr., ii. 253). 
 
 ^ See p. 69, note 5. 
 
 ' CcBsalpinia Plitm., Nov. Q-en., 28, t. 9. — 
 L., Qen., n. 516. — ^Adans., Fam. des PL, ii. 
 
 318. — J., Gen., 349.— G^EIN., Fruct, ii. 
 1. 144.— Lamk., Diet., i. 460 j Suppl., i. 698 ; 
 III., t. i. 100.— H. B. K., Nov. Qen. et Spec., vi. 
 326.— DC, Frodr., ii. 481.— Spach, Suit, a 
 Smffon, i. 100. — Voo., in lAmmaa, xi. 406. — 
 Endl., Gen., n. 6765. — B. H., Gen., 565, 
 n. 308. 
 
72 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 superposed to the sepals, five to the petals. The latter are the 
 smaller, and form a whorl internal to the former. Each stamen is 
 formed of a declinate filament, villous or glandular at the base, and 
 
 CtBsalpinla Sappan. 
 
 Pi&. 45. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 an introrse two-celled anther dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts.' 
 The gynseceum, composed of a single carpellary leaf superposed to 
 the anterior sepal, consists of a sessile ovary tapering at the tip into 
 a style, whose stigmatiferous apex forms a funnel, with a large gaping 
 mouth of variable size and a more or less thickened reflexed rim. On 
 the side next the posterior petal the ovary contains a parietal placenta 
 bearing several descending anatropous ovules' in two vertical rows ; 
 the micropyles look upwards and outwards — that is, to the anterior 
 
 ' Tlie pullen is spherical in C. pulcherrima 
 (formerly referred to the genus Foincicma), 
 witii a punctate outer coat, and three flat 
 strongly punctate bands meeting at the poles 
 
 (H. MoHL, Ann. So. Nat, s&. 2, iii. 
 342). 
 
 * They have two coats in the species we have 
 under cultivation, C.puhherrima and GilUesii. 
 
LEGUMIN0SJE-GJE8ALPINIEJE. 
 
 7'S 
 
 side of the flower. In the species nearest to that under considera- 
 tion, belonging to the section Sappania,' the fruit forms a straight 
 or sickle-shaped pod, with two glabrous coriaceous valves, finally 
 
 CtBsalpinia Sofpan. 
 
 Fi&. 46. 
 Flower (|). 
 
 Fia. 48. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 separating to free several exalbuminous seeds, with rather long 
 funicles, thick coats, and fleshy embryos. All these species are 
 shrubs (usually climbing) or prickly trees 
 (fig. 45), whose alternate bipinnate leaves CasaVpimia swppam,. 
 
 possess numerous little unsymmetrical 
 leaflets and lateral caducous stipules. The 
 flowers form axiUary or terminal racemes, 
 each flower axillary to its bract. This sec- 
 tion only includes three species, natives of 
 the warmer parts of Asia." 
 
 The section Casalpinaria? is, on the con- 
 trary, American ; but its species are very 
 close to the last. They are unarmed, some- 
 times with large leaflets, and possess an 
 oblong or lanceolate oblique or falciform 
 pod, which in C. echinata* is covered with 
 prickles. In C. insignii 2xA pulcherrima^ the long staminal filaments 
 
 Fig. 47. 
 Diagram. 
 
 ' DC, op.cit., 482, sect. iii. (part.). — Campecia 
 ADiifS., loo. cit. — JBiancesaToDiM., Nov. Gen.,21. 
 
 ^ EoxB., Plcmf; Coromcmd., t. 16. — WiaHT, 
 loon., t. 37, 392. 
 
 ^ B. H., &en., 566, 4. — Pomdcma K., Mimos,, 
 t. 44. — Mattnd., Bot., t. 151 (neo L.). 
 
 * Lamk., Bid., i. 434; III., t. 836. 
 
 * Foinoicma insignis K., loo. cit. 
 
 « Sw., Ohs., 166. — G^ETN., Fruct., ii. t. 
 150. — Sot. Mag,, t. 995. — Fomdcma pulcher- 
 rima Aiuytt. 
 
7t NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 are much exserted. This section includes some dozen unarmed 
 species.' 
 
 Under the name of Guilandina^ (Fr., Bonducs or Cniquiers) a special 
 genus has been made of two prickly climbing species of Cmsalpinia, 
 with swollen pods, whose thin pericarp thickly covered with prickles 
 contains only a few large grey or yellow seeds with very hard coats. 
 The two species of this section' are found on the sea coast in all 
 warm countries. 
 
 In Fomaria" the calyx, fruit, and most of the vegetative organs 
 are covered with more or less prominent glands instead of prickles. 
 In all other respects the five or six American species* of this section 
 resemble Cmsalpinaria. Erythrostemon^ has been placed alone in a 
 neighbouring section because its pod is less glandular, and its stamens 
 have red, much-exsei-ted filaments, as in C. pulcherrima. It is a 
 plant from temperate and South America,' which flowers well in our 
 gardens. 
 
 Nugaria^ on the contrary, consists of prickly climbers like Guilan- 
 dina ; but forms a distinct section because the pod is unarmed and 
 the breadth of the seed exceeds its length. It includes two species' 
 from Asia and Australia. In all the foregoing sections the pod 
 dehisces at maturity by two longitudinal clefts. 
 
 In all the remaining species of CcRsalpinia the dehiscence is incom- 
 plete or very tardy, or the fruit is indehiscent. The sutures may 
 be thickened, as occurs in Cinclidocarpus^" a section containing three 
 or four species of prickly climbing shrubs from tropical Asia, re- 
 sembling Nugaria. In Libidibia}^ (the Divi-divi Trees ; Fr., Libidibis), 
 which contains five American species,'^ the sutures of the pod are 
 
 ' DC, Mem. Ligmm., 11, t. 23, fig. Ill; Bot. Misc., i. t. 34 j Bot. Mag., t. 406.— 
 
 Prod/r., ii. 484. — Keichb., Qart. Mag., t. 93. — Lutdi. & Paxt., Mag., i. t. 28. 
 BuEM., Fl. Ind., 133. ^ j)C., Mem. Legum., xiii. ; Frodr., ii. 481, 
 
 ^ L., Qen., n. 517. — J., &en., 350. — G^ETN., sect.? i. — Ticanto Adans., loo. cit, 319. 
 Fract., ii. t. 148. — Lamk., Diet., i. 434 (part.) ; ' Bubm., M. Ind., 99. — Btjmph., Serb. Am- 
 
 m., t. 336.— DC, Prodr., ii. 480.— Spach, hoin., ,. t. 50.— AlT., SoH. Kew., Ui. 32. — 
 
 Suit, a Buffcm, i. 98. — Bonduc Plum., Nov. Wight, Icon., t. 36. — Benth., Fl. SongJc., 97. 
 Gen., 25. i» ZoLL., in Nat. Geri. Arch., iii. 74, 81. — 
 
 ^ Etjmph., Serb. Amboin., t. 48, 49. — AiT., MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. p. 1, 110. — Wight, Icon., 
 
 Sort. Kew., iii. 32. t. 37. 
 
 * Cat., Icon., v. 1, t. 402. — Endl., Gen., n. '' lAbidibia DC, op. cit., 483, sect. iv. — 
 
 6771. — Cladotriehivm VoG., in lAmuBa, xi. 401. Cham., in Linncea, v. 192. 
 
 « DC, Frodr., ii. 485.— Clos, ap. C. Gat, i« K., Mimos., t. 45.— W. Spec, ii. 432.— 
 
 Fl. Chil., ii. 223. Jacq.. Amer., 123, t. 175, fig. 36.— BoNPL., 
 
 ^ Kl., ap. Link Ki. &Ott., Jco»., i. 97, t. 39. Fl. AEquin., t. 137. — Kabst., Fl. Colmnb., t. 
 
 ? C. Gilliesii. — Foimciana Gilliesii HoOK., 101,129. 
 
LEGUMINOSJS-CJESALPINIEJJl. 75 
 
 scarcely prominent, the vegetative organs are unarmed, and the 
 calyx is sometimes fringed and glandular at the edges. These glands 
 become very prominent and fringe the inferior sepal in Coulteria,^ of 
 which some have hence wished to make a separate genus ; it consists 
 of two species of unarmed trees, the one Mexican, the other Chilian.^ 
 Balsamocarpon^ is also a Chilian section, consisting of a single species,' 
 with a slightly irregular corolla, a thick subtorulose fruit, and a 
 fimbriate calyx whose outer surface is covered with glandular hairs ; 
 the leaves are altogether those of Pomaria. 
 
 There are some Ccesalpinias with altogether the flower and fruit 
 of all the preceding species, but whose leaves are simply paripinnate, 
 not bipinnate/ But this is insufficient of itself to warrant their 
 relegation to a distinct genus, so that we are compelled to make 
 Cenostigmd^ a simple section of Ccesalpinia, though it has even been 
 placed in a differeiit series — Sderolobiece. Cenostigma has, indeed, the 
 perianth' and androceum of the true Ceesalpinias, also borne on a 
 receptacle forming a broad inverted cone. The central gyngeceum 
 consists of a subsessile pauciovulate ovary, bearing a style whose tip 
 is by a little opening with ciliate edges leading to an irregularly 
 sacciform cavity of variable depth.* The fruit is a fliattened, 
 elongated, bivalved pod of nearly woody consistency, containing a 
 few exalbuminous seeds.' But Cenostigma, like Ccssalpinia monosperma 
 and marginata Tul., has simply-pinnate leaves. The flowers of the 
 two Brazilian species'" which form this section are collected into 
 simple or ramified racemes terminating the branches. 
 
 In certain of the Ceesalpinias with an indehiscent fruit whose edges 
 taper into a narrow blade, the style is dilated at the tip into a sort 
 of peltate disk ; whence the name FeltophorumF' given to this group. 
 
 ' H. B. K., Of. cit., vi. 328, t. 568, 569. — - exactly like those of the other pauciovulate 
 
 DC, op. cit., 480. — Space, Suit, a Suff., i. CcesaVpmias. 
 
 99. — EiTOL., Oen., n. 6764. — Adenocah/x Bebt., ^ Tul., Arm. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, xx. 140, t. 3 ; 
 
 ex DC, loc. cit.—Tara MoL., Chil., ed. gall. (2), Arch. Mus., Iv. 151. — B. H., (?««., 564, n. 302. 
 283. — SOHULT., Syst., n. 978. ' The calyx is sometimes denticulate and 
 
 ^ DC, Cat. Hort. Monsp., 84 ; Pro&r., loc. glandular on the edges. The anterior sepal is 
 
 cit., 481. — TuBP., in Diet. Sc. Nat., icon. — usually the most concave and the largest of all, 
 
 Clos, ap. C. Gat, Fl. Chil., ii. 2, 221. as in most of the true Ccesalpimas. 
 
 ^ Clos, loc. cit., 226, t. 20. ^ This stigmatic apex strongly recalls that of 
 
 * Ccesalpinia brevifoUa Benth. — Balsa- certain of the Violani^cs; it occurs in several 
 mocwrpon brevifoliwm OloS, loc. cit., 228. other Ctesalpimas and in Mezoneurum. 
 
 * This fact has appeared constant in the ' Between which the tissue of the pericarp 
 numerous specimens we have observed of is hypertrophied and projects. 
 
 CtBsaVpiTiia monosperma TuL. (in Arch. Mns., " Walp., Mep., v. 556. 
 
 iv. 148), which plant we make the type of " Voa., in i>sM»ffla, xi. 406. — B. H., <?«»., 565, 
 
 the section Faripinnaria, but its flowers are u. 306. — Brasilietta DC, loc. cit., 481 (part.). 
 
76 
 
 NATUBAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Some authors have considered this a distinct genus ; we can only 
 make it a section of the genus Ccesalpinia. It contains half a dozen 
 species,' one a native of eastern Africa, two others of the Indian 
 Archipelago and Australia, and the three remaining species of tropical 
 America. They are trees whose bipinnate leaves possess numerous 
 small leaflets, and whose flowers form simple or compound racemes. 
 
 Another distinct genus has been made of Hoffmanseggia^ which 
 has the flower and glandular calyx of certain Ctssalpinias. The 
 species are often of humble stature and herbaceous consistency. But 
 several are suffi-utescent like certain Pomarias, of which they have 
 often the habit and foliage. The fruit has a thin glandular pericarp, 
 not that of the true Casalpinias, but coming closer to that oiErytkro- 
 stemon, though a little thinner. The calyx is not always imb^cated, 
 but sometimes valvate ; a character which cannot be unimportant 
 by reason of its variability in this same small group Hoffman- 
 seggia. Hence we cannot separate these plants from Gasalpinia. 
 There are some twelve species^ from Mexico and South America^ 
 besides two more, whose flowers have well-developed blackish 
 calycine glands, and which are natives of the Cape and have been 
 made into the genus Melanosticta.^ Thus, our genus Ceesalpinia will 
 consist of no less than fifteen sections,' comprising some threescore 
 species from the warm and temperate regions of all parts of the 
 world. 
 
 The far-distant series Copaiferece has been indicated as the place 
 for Zuccagnia punctata,^ a small shrub from the Chilian Andes, 
 
 ' Mift., Fl. Ind.-Sat., Suppl., 292.— Haev. 
 & SOKD., M. Cap., ii. 270.— Bbnth., Fl. Aus- 
 tral, ii. 279.— Walp., Sep., v. 557.-01.17., 
 Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 260. 
 
 2 Cat., Icon., iv. 63, t. 392, 393.— DC, 
 Frodr., ii. 484— Endl., Gen., n. 6774.— B.H., 
 Gen., 567, n. 309. — H. Bu., Adansonia, ix. 220, 
 Swr la valewr dm genre Hoffinanseggia. 
 
 =* Clos, ap. C. Gat, M. GUI., ii. 233 (part.). 
 — Philips., Fl. Atacam., 17. — Walp., Sep., 
 i. 811 ; v. 559 ; Ann., i. 257 ; ii. 443 ; iv. 592. 
 
 ■* DC Mem. Legvm., 474, t. 69 ; Frodr., ii. 
 485.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6772. — Haev., Thes. 
 Cap., t. 2.— Habt. & &omi.,Fl. Cap., ii. 270.— 
 A. Geat, Fl. Wright., i. 54. — \K. {Melanostieta) 
 Surcliellii grows within the tropics. — (Oliv., 
 Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 263)]. 
 
 a. folia 2-pinnata. 
 
 Sects. 15. 
 continued. 
 
 pmia 
 Sects. 15. 1 1. 
 
 ; 2. CtBsalpinaria. 
 
 3. JAbidibia. 
 
 4. Gailandina. 
 
 5. Nuga/ria. 
 
 6. Feltophorum. 
 
 7. Cinclidocarpus. 
 
 8. Coulteria. 
 I 9. BaUamocarpon. 
 
 10. Fryth/rostemon. 
 
 11. Fomaria. 
 
 12. Hoffnumseggia. 
 
 13. Melanostieta, 
 
 h. folia piunata. 
 
 14. Faripinnairia, 
 
 15. Cenostigma. 
 
 * Cat., Icon. Flamt., v. 2, t. 403. — DC, 
 Frodr., ii. 486. — Endl., Gen., n. 6773. — C. 
 Gat, Fl. Chil., ii. 229 (part.).— B. H., Gen., 
 587, u. 368. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, :x. 226, Sur 
 les Zuccagnia de la Flore du Chili. 
 
LBOUMIN08M-02E8ALFINIE^. 77 
 
 because its stipitate gynseceum consists of a one-celled ovaty sur- 
 mounted by a filiform style with a. concave ciliate stigma, while its 
 anatropous suspended ovule, whose micropyle looks upwards and 
 outwards, becomes an oval exalbuminous seed with a fleshy embryo 
 and straight radicle in the short oval compressed bivalve fruit. 
 But the flower is otherwise altogether similar to that in any of the 
 sections Pomaria, CladotricMum, Hofmanseggia, &c., of Ccesalpinia ; 
 we have the same concave receptacle lined with glandular tissue, the 
 same irregular imbricated calyx with a large anterior sepal enveloping 
 the rest, the same irregular corolla with the vexillary petal internal, 
 and the same perigynous androceum whose ten stamens have the 
 lower part of their declinate filaments covered with hairs. Again, 
 the alternate pinnate leaves of Zuccagnia, with their small leaflets, 
 are glutinous, as is the case with nearly the whole surface of the 
 plant ; and the flowers form racemes resembling those of Hoffman- 
 seggia. Erom all these reasons we conclude to regard Zuccagnia 
 as Casalpinia with a uniovulate ovary, simply-pinnate leaves, and 
 a one-seeded fruit ; the two last characters bringing it very near 
 the sections Pomaria and Paripinnaria of this genus. 
 
 Parkinsonian has altogether the flowers of Ccesalpinia : the same 
 perianth, sexual organs, and cup-shaped receptacle. The style, how- 
 ever, is not dilated at the apex, but is more or less obliquely truncate, 
 while the fruit is very different. It is a rounded toralose elongated 
 pod, dehiscing more or less completely in two valves, and containing 
 at each of the dilatations of the rather thin pericarp a descending seed, 
 whose coats contain a fairly copious albumen, and an embryo with 
 its radicle superior. Parkinsonia consists of trees from tropical 
 America and South Africa, with bipinnate leaves of very peculiar 
 form, possessing a very short rachis, from either side of which 
 arises a secondary rachis bearing numerous leaflets. The stipules 
 are ill-developed or spinescent, and the flowers form axillary racemes. 
 Three species are known.^ 
 
 Cercidium,^ like Parkinsonia, differs but slightly in flower from 
 
 ' PHTM., Nov. Gen. Amer., 25.— L., Gen., 269. — Waip., Ann., ii. 441 j iv. 594. — OllT., 
 
 n. 513. — J., Gen., 347. — Lamk., Diet., v. 21 ; Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 266. 
 
 Siijppl. iv. 302 ; III., t. 336.— DC, M^. Legiim., ' TuL., Arch. Mus., iv. 133.— B. H., Gen,, 
 
 t. 21, fig. 112; Prod/r., ii. 486.— Space, Suit. 570, 1002, n. iW.—RetmopMemi Kaest., Fl. 
 
 a Bvffon, i. 107. — Enm., Gen., u. 6775. — Golwmb., ii. 25, t. 113. — Eoopesia BucKi;., in 
 
 B. H., Gen., 570, n. 321. Proceed. Ac. Nat. So. Philad. (part.), ex A. 
 
 ' Jacq., Amer., t. 80.— H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Geat, ihid. (1862), 163. 
 et Spec, vi. 335. — Haet. & Sonb., Fl. Cap., ii. 
 
78 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 CeBsaJpinia; the sepals are valvate or nearly so,' instead of being 
 decidedly imbricated, and the anterior sepal is no larger than the 
 rest, instead of enveloping them, as in the preceding genera. The 
 fruit is a compressed, membranous, coriaceous, bivalve pod, with 
 albuminous seeds. The habit is quite different, for the three or 
 four species of this genus, from the warm and temperate parts of 
 America^ are trees or shrubs with knotted or twisted branches, 
 axillary spinescent twigs, and bipinnate leaves, with the pinnules 
 and leaflets few and small. The flowers form short lax racemes, 
 often grouped in small numbers at the projecting nodes of the fallen 
 leaves. 
 
 Mezoneurum? has the perianth and androceum of Casalpinia ; but 
 the flowers are far more irregular," owing to the deformity of the 
 receptacle.* This assumes an unequal development, so that its rim 
 is very oblique, the mouth tapering like a beak towards the posterior 
 petal and the placenta. The ovary resembles that of Ccesalpinia, and 
 contains two seeds and upwards. The fruit is flattened, membranous 
 and coriaceous, indehiscent or nearly so, and has its placentary edge 
 dUated all the way up into a wing which is flattened out towards 
 the free border. The seeds vary in number and resemble those of 
 Ccesalpinia. The genus Mezoneurum consists of trees or climbing 
 shrubs from tropical Asia and Africa, and Australia," with bipinnate 
 leaves, and the flowers in axillary or terminal racemes. 
 
 The flower is on the contrary, much more regular in Hamatoxylon' 
 (figs. 49-51), as regards receptacle, corolla and androceum. The 
 calyx alone has stiU the anterior sepal larger than the rest which it 
 envelopes ; all the sepals become reflexed on anthesis. The petals 
 are nearly similar to one another, and are imbricated as in Cwsalpinia. 
 The receptacle is lined with glandular tissue ; in the bottom of it is 
 inserted the gynseceum, consisting of a shortly stipitate ovary, sur- 
 
 ' The edges are as it were bevelled, and touch gons to what is found in certain Scupiniace^ 
 
 obliquely ; or else the inner sheet of the sepal and Erythroocylaceee. 
 
 alone projects beyond its edge on the side where ' \xiViiesea'a(m.Tubicalyx{M.iQ,.,Fl.Ind.Sat., 
 
 it should be overlapped in the bud. i. p. 1, 1081), this part of the flower forms an 
 
 2 Waxp., Sep., V. 552; Am,., iv. 594 (besides elongated tube. 
 CiBsalpinia ? cassioides W., Ewrnn., 444). ° Benth., Fl. Amtral., ii. 278.— H. Bn., in 
 
 ^ . ,^, ,, . „,^ 1 1^ ,, —> •■■ 15^6. — Waip., Sep., i. 811. — 
 
 DISF in ^em.JI«s iv. 245. t. 10, 11 - ^ j^ 590.-Olit., M. Trop. Afr., ii. 260. 
 
 DC., Froi^ n. 484.-ENM G.« n. 6768 , ^^ ^.^^ „. ggg.j _ ^^^ 348.-Lamk.. 
 
 {Mezone^ron).—^. H., ©«., 565, n. 307. 2)ic<., i. 591 ; Suppl., i. 654 ; HI., t. 340.-DC.! 
 
 * The vexilkry petal may not only differ from Frodr., ii. 485. — Spach, Suit, a Buffon, i. 
 
 the rest in form and size, but also bear an in- 106. — EndI;., Qen., n. 6777, — B. H,, G-en., 567, 
 
 ternal appendage on the base of the limb, analo- u. 310. 
 
LBQVMINOS^-GMSALPINm^. 
 
 79 
 
 mounted by a style whose apex is hollowed out, with stigmatic 
 papillae surrounding its aperture. The ovary contains only two 
 ovules or rarely more. The fruit is a membranous pod, externally 
 resembling that of Mezoneurum ; it dehisces in a very peculiar way, 
 not down its edges, but along the line which would correspond to 
 
 Scematoxylon oampechicmum {Logwood-tree). 
 
 Fia. 49. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 the junction of the wing and the body of the pod in Mezoneurum. 
 It contains one or few seeds ; the seed is flattened and much elon- 
 gated transversely, and is attached by the middle of its ventral edge. 
 It contains an embryo whose long axis is also transverse, and pos- 
 sesses a cylindrical slightly curved radicle, a gemmule with imbri- 
 cated leaves and two very peculiar cotyledons which are very short 
 an.d" broad, each divided into two lobes which are folded together, 
 and reflexed where they come in contact with the radicle. The 
 only known species of this genus is the Logwood-tree (Fr., Bois de 
 
80 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Camp^clie), HcRmatoxylon campechianum^ a tree from equinoctial 
 America, -which, has been introduced into all warm countries. It 
 has glabrous branches with pinnate or bipinnate leaves, whose 
 stipules are caducous and membranous, or persistent and changed 
 into spines. The flowers form axillary racemes and articulate with 
 their common peduncle. 
 
 Poinciana^ (flower-fence) has expanded flowers very near those of 
 certain Cmsalpinias, and nearly regular as in Hcsmatoxylon, with ten 
 long exserted stamens and the five petals subequal, or more rarely 
 
 Fia. 50. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 51. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 the axiUary petal overlapped in the bud different from the rest. But 
 the calyx consists of five equal or stibequal sepals, inserted on the rim 
 of a pretty deep receptacle, thickened or quite valvate at the edges. 
 The gynseceum, central or scarcely excentric,' becomes a bivalve many- 
 seeded pod with the pericarp thickened in the intervals between 
 the seeds." Three species of this genus' are known, unarmed trees 
 from India, Madagascar, and the east coast of tropical Africa, with 
 bipinnate leaves and large flowers in terminal racemes. 
 
 Colvillea^ has the general characters of habit and the racemes 
 
 ' L., S'pee., 549.— •SLOAir.,S^w«., 2, t. 10, figs. 
 1-4. — BLAOKW.,Be?-6.,t.463. — 'S.kxs.,Arzneig., 
 ix. t. 44.— H. B. K., Hoa. Gen. et Spec. vi. 325. 
 
 2 L., Gen., n. 515 (part.).— DC, Prodr., ii. 
 483 (part.).— Endi.., Gen., n. 6766 (part.). — 
 B. H., Gen., 569, n. 317 (nee T., Inst., 619, t. 
 391.— ai:iiTK., Fruct., ii. 150, t. 150.— K., 
 Mimos., t. 44). 
 
 " The foot of the ovary is stumpy and 
 obliquely inserted, and usually compressed. 
 
 The style and stamens are involute in the 
 bud. 
 
 * These are supported on well-developed fu- 
 nicles, and possess copious very hard albumen j 
 the embryo is often yellowish green. 
 
 ' DC, loc. cit., n. 3. — Hook., in Bot. Mag., 
 t. 2884.— Oliv., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 265. 
 
 « BOJ., in Boi. Mag., t. 3325, 3326 j in Ann. 
 So. Nat., ser. 2, iv. 294. — Endl., Gen., n. 6767. 
 — B. H., Gen., 569, n. 316.— Walp., Sep. v. 558. 
 
LEGUMINOSJE-O^BALPINIE^. 81 
 
 of showy flowers of Poinciana ; but the calyx is very peculiar ; 
 it is thick, coriaceous, and sac-shaped, divided above into four 
 valvate teeth of which the posterior one represents two sepals, 
 and is hence larger than the rest. The whole calyx comes off at 
 the base in a circular piece. The corolla resembles that of Cmsal- 
 pinia, except that the vexillary petal, closely overlapped in the bad, 
 is much larger than the others. The androceum consists of ten free 
 perigynous stamens. The scarcely excentric gynseceum has a pluri- 
 ovulate ovary surmounted by a style which is at first bent on itself 
 and which ends in an obtuse undilated stigmatiferous surface. The 
 pod is turgid, elongated and bivalved. The only known species of 
 this genus is C. racemosa Boj., an unarmed tree from Magadascar 
 whose bipinnate leaves have small and numerous leaflets, and little 
 caducous stipules. The carmine flowers are grouped in a large 
 ramified many-flowered raceme bearing coloured membranous caducous 
 bracts. 
 
 Acrocarpu^ has the subregular flowers of certain species of Poin- 
 ciana, with narrow petals and a central gynseceum ; but the an- 
 droceum consists of but five long exserted alternipetalous stamens. 
 Till recently the only known species of the genus was A. fraxinifolius," 
 an enormous tree from the mountains of India, with bipinnate leaves, 
 before the expansion of which the flowers come out in large axillarj'^ 
 I'eflexed racemes. A second species, A. grandis^ has lately been ob- 
 served in the Indian archipelago. 
 
 Waff ate a* was formerly confounded with the large genus Casal- 
 pinia, possessing the same floral symmetry, while the sepals and 
 oblong petals are similarly imbricated ; but the receptacle lined with 
 glandular tissue is different, being deeper and campanulate, and a 
 little contracted towards its mouth, where it bears ten short stamens. 
 Moreover the flowers are sessile on long simple or ramified spikes, 
 the thick rachis being hollowed into pits to receive them. Wagatea 
 consists of one or two interesting species, climbing trees from India 
 and the surrounding regions,' which have bipinnate leaves and are 
 covered with prickles. 
 
 ' Wi&HT, ex Aen., in Ja/rd. Mag. Zool. et ^ MiQ., in Mus. Lngd.-Bat., iii. 87. 
 
 JBot., ii. 547.— Endl., &en., n. eSlO^.— B. H., " Dam., in Sook. Join., iii. 90.— B. H., 
 
 Gen.. 568, n. 314. &en., 568, n. 315. 
 
 ^ WiSHT, loc. cit. ; Icon., t. 254. — Walp., '^ Wight, Icon,, t. 1995. — Walp., Ann., iv, 
 
 Mep,, V. 573. 588. 
 
 VOL. II. * G 
 
82 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Pterolobium^ has nearly regular flowers, whose receptacle forms a 
 shallow cupule lined by a glandular disk, and bearing on its rim five 
 imbricate sepals, five imbricate petals like those of CcBsalpinia, and 
 ten free stamens superposed to the perianth-leaves, each pos- 
 sessing an introrse two-celled anther dehiscing longitudinally. The 
 ovary, inserted nearly in the centre of the receptacle, contains one 
 or two descending ovules, with the micropyles upwards and out- 
 wards ; it is surmounted by a style whose stigmatic apex is truncate, 
 or hollow and funnel-shaped. The fruit is an indehiscent samara, 
 the upper part being prolonged into an oblique wing, just like the 
 " key" of a Maple. On the same side as the insertion of this wing 
 is attached the seed, suspended by a slender funicle, and containing 
 within its coats a fleshy exalbuminous embryo or a straight superior 
 radicle. Pterolobium consists of trees or climbing shrubs. Their 
 leaves are bipinnate with numerous small leaflets. The flowers are 
 grouped in simple or ramified racemes, each axillary to a caducous 
 bract. The three known species^ of this genus inhabit tropical Asia, 
 Africa, and Australia. 
 
 The flowers of Barhlyd are very like those of Pterolobium, and 
 possess the same shallow cupuliform receptacle lined with glandular 
 tissue. The gamosepalous calyx has five short slightly imbricated 
 lobes. The corolla consists of as many nearly equal petals, with 
 the vexillary petal usually overlapped on both sides in prsefloration,^ 
 The stamens are free perigynous and arranged in two whorls, as in 
 Pterolobium ; each has a glabrous fllament and an introrse sagittate 
 two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence. The gynaeceum is 
 stipitate, with the ovary ending in a little stigmatiferous terminal 
 point. The ovules are few in number,' descending ; the micropyles 
 look upwards and outwards. The fruit is a stipitate oblong-] anceo- 
 
 ' E. Be., in App. Salt. Abyss., 64. — W. & ^ P. Mtjell., in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 158 ; 
 
 Aen., Prodr., i. 283. — Eitdl., G-en., n. 6769. — Fragm. Phyt. Austr., i. t. 3. — Benth., Fl. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 567, n. 311. — Kamtvffa Beuce, Aiistr., ii. 275.— B. H., Gen., 559, u. 289. 
 Voy., trad. Castee., v. 64, t. 14. — Beichardia * Perhaps the sestivation is not constant, and 
 
 Roth., Nov. Gen. et Spec, 210 (part,). — ■ hence it is, no douht, that Bentham and Hookee 
 
 Quartinia A. Rich., in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 2, liave placed HarTclya among Papilionace<B-So- 
 
 xiv. 259 ; xv. 1 79. phorece ; hut we do not leave it there, because 
 
 2 WioHT, Icon., t*. 196. — MiQ., Fl. Ind.- on dissecting a very large number of flower huds. 
 
 Bat., i. 106. — Benth., Fl. Austr., ii. 279. — we have never seen the petal to which the 
 
 Olit., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 264. — Walp., Mep., i. placenta is superposed overlapping the two lateral 
 
 811 ; Ann., ii. 443 ; iv. 592. — " Schweineueth petals on both sides, as is normally the case in 
 
 {Fl. JEthiop., 5, 255), indicates a second species as PapilionaceiB. 
 
 occurring in Abyssinia and Senaar. No name or * There are usually two or three, more rarely 
 
 description is given" (Olit., loc. cit.). only one. 
 
LBaTTMINOBM-G^aALPINIEM. S3 
 
 late flattened subdehiscent pod, containing one or two seeds, in 
 which, a thin layer of albumen surrounds the fleshy embryo. B. 
 syringafolia F. Muell., the only species of this genus, is an unarmed 
 tree from tropical Australia, whose pinnate leaves are reduced to a 
 single large leaflet, accompanied by two little lateral stipules. The 
 inflorescence is the same as in Pterolobium. 
 
 It has only been with some hesitation that the two following 
 genera, Gleditschia and Gymnocladus, have been placed in this series ; 
 they are closely allied to each other, and agree in having the petals 
 of variable number and of nearly the colours and consistency of the 
 sepals, by which they are usually very incompletely covered in the 
 bud. 
 
 Gymnodadus^ has a nearly regular perianth, inserted on the 
 mouth of the elongated tubular receptacle, which is lined with 
 glandular tissue. There are five sepals, valvate or slightly imbri- 
 cated in the bud. The petals are four or five in number, also 
 imbricated in the bud. There may be ten stamens inserted on 
 the rim of the receptacle, of which five, 
 larger than the rest, are superposed to the GymnocUim dioi^a. 
 
 sepals. Their anthers, sterile in the female 
 flowers, are well-developed, introrse two- 
 celled, and of longitudinal dehiscence in the 
 male and hermaphrodite. The gynseceum, 
 reduced in the male flowers to a little sterile Fia- 52. Fia. 53. 
 
 conical body, is inserted in the bottom of ^^^^ ^V)- Longitudinal 
 
 •' ' section 01 seed, 
 
 the receptacular tube ; it consists of a sessile 
 
 ovary tapering above into a style, whose ventral angle is traversed 
 by a longitudinal groove. The broad lips of this groove separate 
 above and become reflexed and covered with stigmatic papillae. 
 The placenta, superposed to the posterior petal, bears several in- 
 completely campylotropous ovules with their micropyles superior. 
 The fruit is a pod, whose hard flattened pericarp finally opens in 
 two valves. Inside is a fleshy pulp^ surrounding the obovate seeds 
 which have pretty long funicles. Each seed contains a fleshy embryo 
 surrounded by horny albumen (figs. 52, 53).' 
 
 ' Lamk., Diet., i. 733 (part.) ; HI., t. 823. — ^ It is rather sweet, greenish-yellow, form- 
 
 J., (?e»., 346 (part.). — DC, FroAr., ii- 479- — ing a thin layer inside the brown dry layer of 
 
 Spach, Suit, a Suffon, i. 89.— Estbi,., &en., u. the pericarp. 
 
 6757.— B. H., G-en., 568, n. 312. ^ A pretty long curved funicle bears the seed : 
 
 G 2 
 
84 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 B-'i 
 
 
 Fi&. 54. 
 Fruit (1). 
 
 
 The only known species of this genus is G. dioica,^ the Nicker 
 Tree or Kentucky Coflfee Tree {Chicot de Canada), a large unarmed 
 tree with alternate pinnately-decompound leaves. The common 
 rachis bears first a pair of petiolulate leaflets, and above this secondary 
 
 ribs also charged with leaflets, borne 
 on stalks of the third order. On the 
 midrib, as on the secondary ones, the 
 arrangement is paripinnate, the ends of 
 the ribs aborting and being reduced 
 to a thin sterile filament which withers 
 early. Both secondary and tertiary 
 ribs have each one a stipellary tongue at 
 the articulated base, and the leaf itself 
 has also ill-developed pectinate lateral 
 stipules at the base.^ The flowers are 
 in simple or ramified terminal racemes. 
 GleditscMa^ (Fr., Fevier) has a tur- 
 binate or campanulate receptacle, from 
 three to five sepals, as many petals, 
 and a variable number of stamens in 
 two pentamerous or incomplete verticils. 
 The ovary contains either two ovules 
 or an indefinite number, and the ter- 
 minal style ends in an irregularly- 
 swollen simple or bifid head, sometimes 
 reflexed, and covered with large stigma- 
 tic papillae. The fruit is a large straight 
 flattened pod, tapering at both ex- 
 tremities and indehiscent, or incom- 
 pletely and irregularly dehiscent. The outside of the pericarp 
 
 PiQ. 55. 
 Longitudinal 
 section of fruit. 
 
 the cotyledons are often somewhat folded on 
 themselves, and their bases form a sheath around 
 the radicle. The seed-coat is triple. Outside is 
 a thin smooth, softish membrane. The second 
 coat is a thick horny layer, on whose surface is 
 seen the raphe. The albumen often becomes a 
 light ink colour. It is iinequal, sending oblique 
 projections into the depressions of the embryo. 
 
 ' (?. canadensis Lame., loc. cit. ; Suppl., ii. 
 229.— MiOHX., FL Bor.-Amer., ii. 241, t. 51.— 
 A. Gbat, Man., 109. — Ouilandina dioica L., 
 Spec, 546. 
 
 ^ Axillary to each leaf are two superposed 
 buds. The lower and younger, though hidden 
 by the dilated base of the petiole, is not com- 
 pletely enveloped by it. 
 
 ' L., Gen., n. 1159 [Glediisia). — Adans., 
 Fam. des PI., ii. 319. — J., Gen., 346. — G^eeth., 
 Fnict., ii. 311, t. 146. — Pore., Diet., 641, 
 Suppl., ii. 641 ; 111., t. 857.— DC, Mem. Zegum., 
 i. t. 22 ; Prodr., ii. 479. — Spaoh, Suit, a Buffon, 
 1. 90.— Endl., Gen., u.6V56.— B. H., ©era., 568, 
 1002 n. 313. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-C^SALPINIEJEl. 
 
 85 
 
 consists of a thick dry coriaceous layer. Inside it contains a 
 pretty large number of one-seeded chambers, each lined by a thin 
 membrane which is also dry. But between these and the hard outer 
 coat is a thick layer of cellular pulp which completely isolates the 
 separate chambers.' The ovoidal seeds are attached by slender 
 filiform funicles of variable length and more or less bent on them- 
 selves. Under the coriaceous seed-coats is a thick transparent horny 
 albumen, in the centre of which is an embryo with large flattened 
 oval cotyledons and a conical radicle. The five or six species of this 
 genus are trees from North America' and temperate Asia and Africa.^ 
 The branches and axes of the inflorescence are often transformed into 
 strong sim-ple or ramified spines." The leaves may be some pinnate 
 and some bipinnate on one and the same tree.* The flowers form simple 
 or ramified racemes in the axils of the leaves or on the wood of the 
 branches. 
 
 III. SCLEEOLOBIUM SEEIES. 
 
 Sclerolodiunf (figs. 56-59) has regular hermaphrodite flowers. The 
 receptacle forms an obconical or hemispherical cup of variable depth, 
 
 Sclerolohiv/m {Cosymbe) auream. 
 
 Pia. 56. 
 Flower (*). 
 
 Fig. 57. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 lined by glandular tissue, which is sometimes covered with hairs. 
 
 ' This represents the mesocarp; the fruit is 
 hence a drupaceous pod. 
 
 - DvsAU.,Arbr., ii. 1. 10; iii. 1. 10. — Walp., 
 Sep., 1. 856. 
 
 ' Bbnth., in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 304. — 
 Out., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 265. 
 
 * We hate cited an example of this transfor- 
 mation of the axes of inflorescence into branched 
 spines in G.ferox (see Bull. Soc. Sot. de Fr,, v. 
 316). 
 
 ' Maoaiee, Siir la Soudwre Natw. des Feuilles 
 du Gleditzia triacanthos (in £iil. de 6-en., xvii. 
 142). Oleditschia has often been remarked as 
 'possessing in the axils of its single leaves several 
 superposed buds, some being flower-buds, others 
 leaf-buds. In O. triacanthos we may often find 
 in one axil, first an inflorescence, below this a 
 young branch, and still lower a younger leaf-bud. 
 
 ^ VoG., in lAmicea, xi. 395. — Enbi.., Gen., 
 n. 6755.— B. H., Gen., 562, n. 296. 
 
86 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 On its horizontally (fig. 57) or obliquely (fig. 58) truncate rim are 
 inserted the perianth and androceum, while the gynseceum springs 
 from the very bottom. The calyx consists of five unequal sepals 
 quincuncially imbricated in the bud. The corolla consists of as 
 many alternately imbricated petals, which may be equal, or nearly 
 so, to one another, or unequal, the vexillary petal becoming very 
 small or even disappearing entirely. In certain of the species the 
 petals are reduced to equal or unequal slender subulate tongues of 
 
 Sclerolohium (Cost/mbe) Poeppigianum. 
 
 Pia. 58. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 59. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 nearly the same form as the filaments of the stamens.' These are 
 ten in number — five superposed to the sepals, and five shorter to the 
 petals. Each consists of a free, sometimes hairy filament, more or 
 less folded on itself in the bud near its apex, which bears an introrse 
 two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence. The gynseceum consists 
 of a shortly stipitate ovary,^ surmounted by a terminal style which 
 is tapering, truncate or slightly dilated at its stigmatiferous apex ; in 
 the angle of the ovary towards the vexillary petal are several de- 
 
 ' This is the character of Sclerolohium proper, 
 as it was at first known to Vogbl. The spread- 
 ing membranous petals, resembling those of 
 Zeptolohimm and Tachigalia, characterize a 
 distinct section, called Cosymbe by TuiASNB 
 {Arch. Mus., iv. 168), who is wrong in referring 
 it to the genus Tachigalia, for in this section we 
 find neither the elliptical mouth to the recep- 
 tacle nor the lateral insertion of the gynaeceura 
 
 of this last-mentioned genus. Chrysostaehys 1 
 glabra PtEPP. {exs., n. 2837) and Leptolobium ? 
 luteum Mabt. {Serb. Fl. Bras., n. 1148) belong 
 to this section. 
 
 ^ Often covered with hairs analogous to those 
 of the disk and the lower part of the staminal 
 filaments. The direction of the foot of the ovary 
 is continuous with that of the pedicels (figs. 57, 
 59). 
 
LBaUMINOSJE-GJUSALPINIEJE. 87 
 
 scending ovules, whose micropyles look upwards and outwards. The 
 fruit is a shortly-stipitate compressed indehiscent pod, containing 
 one or two large seeds, whose embryo has a straight radicle and 
 broad foliaceous cotyledons, cordate at the base. Sderolohmm consists 
 of half a score species of trees from Brazil and Guiana.' They have 
 alternate imparipinnate leaves, with stipules which vary greatly in 
 size, and which may be simple or trifoliolate. The flowers are small 
 and very numerous, in numerous racemes which are often much 
 ramified. Each flower is axillary to a caducous bract. 
 
 Diptychaudrc^ has the flowers of the section Cosymle of Sclera- 
 lohium. The imbricate sepals are all nearly equal, and are inserted 
 on the rim of a hollow obconical receptacle. The stamina] filaments, 
 too, are bent on themselves in the bud, and the stipitate pauciovulate 
 ovary is surmounted by a style which is hollowed out at its truncate 
 apex. The fruit is a flattened bivalve pod, containing one or more 
 seeds which are flattened out transversely and attached to the peri- 
 carp by one of their edges, just as in Hcematoxylon ; and a mem- 
 branous wing formed by the extension of their coats runs all round 
 them. The broad flattened embryo, with more or less deeply 
 auriculate cotyledons, is exalbuminous. Two or three species of 
 Diptychandra are known, trees or shrubs from Brazil and Bolivia,' 
 with pinnate leaves and flowers in axillary or terminal racemes. 
 
 Pceppigia^ has not only the vegetative characters of Biptycliandra 
 and Sclerolobium with the flowers in compound terminal racemes, but 
 the same floral receptacle, the same centrally inserted gynseceum,' 
 the same corolla and disk. The calyx, however, divided above into 
 five slightly imbricate lobes, is continuous and gamosepalous below. 
 The staminal filaments are erect- and straight, not bent in the bud. 
 The ovules are numerous ; the style is truncate, not dilated, at 
 its stigmatiferous apex. The fruit is equally characteristic : it has 
 a slender foot, and is a flattened elongated membranous leaf-like 
 many-seeded pod, probably indehiscent. Its placentary margin is 
 
 1 Pcbpp.&Endi., Nov. Gen.et Spec.,t. 266.— Gm., n. 6762.-8. H., Gen., 562, d. 298 (nee 
 Ttil., loc. cit., 168, 169. — Waip., Sep., i. 809; Bebt., nee KuNZ.). — Ramirezia A. Rich., M. 
 V. 551 ; Ann., ii. 440. Oah., ii. 218 {Faeppigia), t. 39. 
 
 2 Tui., in Arm. So. Nat., ser. 2, xx. 139; in ' The foot bearing the ovary dilates gradually 
 Arcli. Mus., iv. 127, t. 8. — B. H., Gen., 562, n. down towards its base; but we have seen it in- 
 297. serted in the very bottom of the ovary, contrary 
 
 ^ Walp., Sep., V. 551. to the description of authors. 
 * Pbesii., St/mh. Sot., i. 15, t. 8.— Enm., 
 
88 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 all along dilated into a very narrow membranous wing. The genus 
 consists of unarmed trees from tropical Africa.' 
 
 Batesia,^ too, has nearly the flowers of a Sclerolobium : five free im- 
 bricate sepals, as many subequal imbricate petals, and ten stamens 
 inflexed in the bud, so that their anthers are then lodged in the 
 cavity of the receptacle between the disk lining its wall and the foot 
 of the ovary. The linear anther-cells are applied to a thick con- 
 nective, and the form of the gynaeceum is altogether peculiar. Its 
 foot, which is central, is obliquely dilated above into an elliptical 
 inclined plane edged with down; this bears a pauciovulate ovary, 
 scarcely tapering at the apex into a style which is at once truncated, 
 and stigmatiferous and ciliate at the end. The pod is bowed coriaceous 
 and turgid, dehiscent by a single cleft, and contains two or three 
 compressed seeds whose embryo is surrounded by albumen. The 
 only known Batesia^ is a tree from North Brazil with imparipinnate 
 leaves and ramified terminal racemes. 
 
 Next to Batesia we have placed a reduced type which Aublet 
 named Vouacapoua^ (figs. 60-62), and which is to Sclerolobium and 
 Batesia exactly what Zuccagnia is to Ccesalpinia.' The receptacle, 
 the pentamerous imbricate calyx and corolla, are those of the two 
 former genera. The androceum, too, consists of ten stamens, of 
 which the five oppositipetalous are the shorter ; but their filaments 
 are erect and the cells of their sagittate anthers diverge below. 
 The gynseceum has lost the obliquely dilated foot of Batesia, and is 
 directly inserted into the bottom of the receptacle ; its ovary contains 
 only a single descending anatropous ovule, whose micropyle is up- 
 wards and outwards. The ovary tapers above into a style, leaning 
 slightly towards the placenta, and possessing at its apex a little cavity 
 with a ciliate circular rim (fig. 62). J'^. americana, the only known 
 species of this genus, has not only the panicled inflorescence and 
 the flowers themselves like those of most Connarace<s, but also their 
 
 ' TuL., in ArcTi. Mas., iv. 120. — Walp., Mep,, * AuBl., Guian., Suppl., 9, t. 3V.3. — H. Bn., 
 
 V. 552. The three descrihed species of tliis in Adansonia, ix. 206, t. iv. 
 genus , Bentham would rather make mere * This character, strictly applied, might have 
 
 varieties of, the" single species R. procera Pbesi. placed them in Copaiferece, as has been done to 
 {Samirezia cubensis A. Rich.). Zmaeagnia, but its affinities with Satesia seem 
 
 to us far closer. Batesia is perhaps really only 
 
 ^ Speuoe, ex B. H., Gen., 563, u. 300. aspeciesof FbaaoopoMa with a pluriovulate ovary, 
 
 so that it should form a simple section of the 
 
 ' S. erythrosperma Bbnth., in Trans. Linn. genus characterized by this feature, and also by 
 Soc, XXV. 302, t. 3V. — Tachigalia erythrosperma the oblique dilatation at the base of the foot of 
 Spettoe, exs., n. 2780. the ovary. 
 
LEGUMTNOSM-G^SALPINIE^. 
 
 89 
 
 alternate imparipinnate leaves, which once more demonstrates the 
 close relations between that order and Leguminosce. V. atnericana 
 inhabits Guiana and North Brazil. 
 
 Vouacafoua americawa. 
 
 Pia. 60. 
 Habit (I). 
 
 The flowers of Melanoxylon^ come very near those of Pceppigia. 
 The campaniilate receptacle is still deeper, the scarcely irregular 
 pentamerous calyx and corolla are imbricated, and the ten filaments 
 have straight anthers villous at the base. The gynseceum is central 
 or subcentral, and the ovary is borne on a long thick foot ;- it con- 
 tains numerous ovules, and is surmounted by a style with a concave 
 truncate apex, edged by stigmatic papillae. The fruit has a large 
 
 ■ SCHOTT, ap. Spbbno., Syst., Cur. Post., 
 406.— Endl., era., n. 6761.— B. H., Gen., 563, 
 n. 301. — Ferittium VoG., in Linnaa, xi. 408. 
 
 2 It has been described as sessile, but its 
 elongated flattened base is solid, and must hence 
 be regarded as a foot. 
 
90 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 compressed oblong-falciform coriaceous pod. The seeds have winged 
 edges and are surmounted by a sort of falciform blade, and contain 
 within their coats a fleshy embryo thinly surrounded by albumen. 
 The only known species of this genus' is a large Brazilian tree, 
 
 Fi&. 61. Fia. 62. 
 
 Mower (4). Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 covered with rust-coloured dowii ; its leaves are alternate impari- 
 pinnate, and its flowers form a large terminal ramified raceme. 
 
 The flowers of Thylacanthv,^ resemble those of Batesia : we find 
 the same imbricated perianth, with the petals tapering towards their 
 base ; the same androceum of ten stamens, with inflexed filaments ; 
 the same central gynaeceum, with a pauciovulate ovary. But the 
 style is long and slender, revolute in the bud, and ends in a broad 
 peltate stigmatiferous dilatation; and the flower, axillary to a caducous 
 bract, is accompanied, as in the Amherstiece,^ by two pretty thick 
 lateral bractlets of nearly equal size, and which by touching edge to 
 edge form a complete envelope to the flower-bud. They separate at 
 the apex on anthesis to free the flower. The inflorescence consists 
 of ramified racemes towards the end of the branches. T. ferrugineus 
 Tql., the only species of this genus at first known, is an unarmed 
 tree from North Brazil, with alternate paripinnate leaves. 
 
 Dicymbe corymbosa^ is a small unarmed tree from North Brazil, 
 with alternate pinnate leaves, and large pseudo-corymbose flowers, 
 whose receptacle forms a deep inverted cone, lined with glandular 
 tissue. On its rim are inserted four' or five imbricated sepals, and 
 
 ' M., Brmma Schott. — Perittiumferrugmemn 
 VoG., loo. cit. 
 
 ^ Tttl., in As'ch. Mas., iv. 175. 
 
 ' To which we do not refer the two species of 
 Thylacanthm, because of the central insertion 
 of the gynsBceum. 
 
 •■ Spbttce, ex B. H., Gen., 664, 1002, n. 304. 
 — Benth., in Trams. Limn. Soc, xxv. 303, t. 
 38. 
 
 ' In this case the apex of the posterior sepal 
 is more or less deeply emarginate, indicating 
 that it really represents two oalycine leaves. 
 
LEGTJMINOBM-OMSALPimH^. 
 
 91 
 
 five large nearly equal alternating petals, also imbricate in the bud. 
 The stamens, ten in number, have their filaments inflexed in the bud ; 
 and hence the anthers are contained in the concavity of the recep- 
 tacle. The ovary is central and multiovulate, surmounted by a style, 
 which is at first involute and is dilated above into a peltate stigma. 
 Thus, the flowers of this plant in all respects resemble those of Thy- 
 lacanthus ferrugineus ; but the peculiar character of Bicymhe lies in the 
 lateral bractlets enveloping the flower, each forming a hollow 
 coriaceous hemisphere, so that when applied to one another by their 
 thick edges they form a regular globular box. This sac is not nearly 
 so thick in T. ferrugineus, whose calyx is always pentamerous, whose 
 petals have far narrower bases, and whose ovules are less numerous. 
 For these reasons we make Bicymhe a simple section of the genus 
 Thylacanthus, with the specific name of T. corymbosa. 
 
 Campsiandra^ with the general characters of the preceding genera, 
 and especially of Melanoxylon, presents an androceum of more than 
 
 Camjisiandra comosa. 
 
 Pia. 63. 
 Flower (f ). 
 
 Fia. 64. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 ten stamens ; it has from fifteen to twenty, whose long filaments are 
 reflexed in the bud, but are later much exserted ; their anthers are 
 at first lodged in the deep cavity of the receptacle between its walls 
 
 ' Bebth., in Hooh. Journ., ii. 93. — Pffipp. & Ehdl., Nov. Gen. ef Spec, t. 268. — Enw.., 
 Gen., n. 6810 '.— B. H., Gen., 563, n. 299. ' 
 
92 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 and the foot of tlie gynseceum. This last is nearly or quite central. 
 Its ovary, borne on a pretty long foot, ends in a slender style which 
 is dilated truncate and stigmatiferous at the tip.' The fruit is a 
 large bivalve pod, with a thick straight or bowed compressed woody 
 pericarp, containing large exalbuminous seeds with fleshy embryos, 
 often deformed by mutual compression. Campsiandra consists of 
 three or four species^ of unarmed trees from tropical America ; their 
 leaves are alternate and pinnate, and their flowers form axillary or 
 terminal simple or much ramified racemes. 
 
 JPhyllocarpus^ an abnormal genus of this group, has a concave re- 
 ceptacle lined by glandular tissue, with four free imbricated sepals, 
 and three petals, of which one is posterior and overlapped by the 
 two lateral ones. The stamens are diadelphous, as in many of the 
 Papilionacece* nine being united into a sheath split open above, with 
 the tenth free. All possess a versatile introrse two-celled anther of 
 longitudinal dehiscence. The gynaeceum consists of a central stipi- 
 tate pauciovulate ovary surmounted by a style which is at first con- 
 volute and ends in a truncate scarcely dilated stigmatiferous apex. 
 The fruit is a straight or slightly bowed compressed leaf-like inde- 
 hiscent (?) oblong pod, whose ventral suture is produced into a 
 narrow wing. Only one species of this genus is known,' a tall un- 
 armed tree from tropical Brazil. It has alternate pinnate leaves or 
 numerous leaflets. Its flowers form short racemes, solitary or fascicled 
 in the leafless nodes of last year's leaves. 
 
 IV. AMHEESTIA SEEIES. 
 
 The magniflcent Asiatic tree named Amherstid (figs. 65-67) is 
 considered as the type of a distinct series, because the very deep 
 narrowly-tubular floral receptacle bears the gynseceum close to its 
 mouth (E, fig. 67), and not in the bottom of its cavity. The rim of 
 
 ' This style usually becomes much exserted, ^ ElBD., ex Tiri.., in Arm. So. Nat., ser. 2, xx. 
 
 like the stamens. In certain flowers, however, 142 ; in Arch. Mus., iv. 171, t. IO.^Endl., Qen., 
 
 it remains very short, included and straight, and n. 6720 '. — B. H., G-en., 564, n. 305. 
 
 is much dilated at its apex, which does not * To which group Fhyllocarpus should perhaps 
 
 extend beyond the mouth of the floral recep- be referred. 
 
 tacle. The ovules also then remain ill developed, ^ F. Siedeli Ttjl., loc. cit. — Walp., Sep., v. 
 
 so that these flowers must probably be considered 546. 
 
 as male through abortion of the gynseceum. In ^ Wall, Fl. Asiat. Ra/r., i. 1, t. 1, 2. — 
 
 this case Campsiandra would be polygamous. Endi., Gen., n. 6793. — B. H., Gen., 578, n. 
 
 = Walp., Sep., V. 568. 340. 
 
LE0UMIN08JE- O^SALPINIEJE. 
 
 93 
 
 this receptacle supports a calyx of four sepals imbricated in the bud 
 (fig. 67). The posterior sepal really represents two of the true calyx- 
 leaves, being inserted right under the vexillary petal, which is alto- 
 gether covered by the two lateral petals in the bud. The two anterior 
 petals often remain rudimentary. The androceum, also inserted in the 
 mouth of the receptacular tube, consists of ten diadelphous stamens. 
 
 Fi&. 65. 
 Flower (i). 
 
 Pia. 66. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 The nine anterior are united below into a broad trough-like sheath. 
 The free parts of the filaments are very unequal in length ; the five 
 alternipetalous being very long, and the four others very short in 
 proportion. Each bears an introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal 
 dehiscence. This is also the case with the tenth stamen, superposed 
 to the vexillary petal and standing free on the posterior side of 
 the flower. The gynseceum consists of a shortly stipitate ovary, 
 inserted very obliquely on the vexillary wall of the receptacle 
 (fig. 6Q), and surmounted by a slender style, involute in the bud, 
 ending in a little stigmatiferous head. On the posterior wall of the 
 ovary is seen the placenta, which bears an indefinite number of 
 obliquely descending ovules in two vertical rows, with their micro- 
 
94 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Amherstia nobiUs. 
 
 pyles upwards and outwards. The bivalve pod is elongated com- 
 pressed coriaceous and woody, with the placentary suture thickened 
 and dilated. The seeds, varying in number, which it encloses, con- 
 tain within their coats a fleshy exalbuminous embryo. J. nobilis,\ 
 
 the only species of this genus, comes from 
 Martaban. Its unarmed branches are 
 covered with alternate paripinnate leaves, 
 accompanied by narrow caducous folia- 
 ceous stipules, and its flowers are collected 
 into long lax pendulous terminal racemes. 
 Each floral pedicel is axillary to a ca- 
 ducous bract, and bears below the flower 
 two large red lateral bracts, which are at 
 first valvate and form a sort of sheath 
 around the flower-bud, finally separating 
 to free the flower, on either side of which 
 they persist. 
 
 The flowers of Humboldtia^ though 
 much smaller than those of Amherstia, 
 resemble them except ill one point : their stamens are free 
 instead of being diadelphous. In certain Asiatic species of this 
 genus the oppositipetalous stamens are reduced to short sterile 
 tongues, or even disappear altogether. The four or five species of 
 this genus are natives of the west of tropical Africa,' India, and 
 Ceylon.* They are unarmed shrubs with paripinnate leaves and 
 flowers in solitary or geminate racemes, which are terminal or in- 
 serted on the wood of the old branches. These flowers also are 
 accompanied by two coloured lateral bractlets which touch by their 
 edgesjjand envelope the flower-bud. 
 
 Schotia' has altogether the flower of Humboldtia, with the four 
 sepals and five petals similarly imbricated, the ten free or nearly free 
 
 Fig. 67. 
 Diagram. 
 
 • Wall, loc. cit. — Waip,, Sep., v. 567. — 
 Hook., in Sot. Mag., t. 4453. 
 
 2 Vabl., St/mh. Bot., iii. 106.— DC, Frodr., 
 ii. 488. — Enbi,., Gen., n. 6792.— B. H., Gen., 
 579, 1003, n. 341. — Balschia Vahl., op. cit., 
 89, t. 56 fnec Gmel., nee L., neo Thtjnb.). 
 
 ' The flowers of the African species, which we 
 shall call S. africana, have ten fertile stamens, 
 whose dlaments are united for a very short dis- 
 tance at the base, and are inflexed in the bud. 
 The ovary usually contains four descending 
 
 ovules in two rows. The base of each ovule is 
 more or less completely surrounded by a projec- 
 tion of the placenta, and its micropyle looks 
 upwards and outwards. Near the bottom of the 
 floral receptacle is a gland projecting into its 
 cavity. , 
 
 " R. Bb., in Wall. PI. As. Mar., iii. 17, t. 
 238.— Wight & Aen., Frodr., i. 284. — Wight, 
 Icon., 1. 1605-1608.— Walp., Sep., i. 844.; Ann., 
 iii. 852 ; iv. 608. 
 
 ' Jacq., Collect., i. 93. — Lamk., Diet., vii. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-GjESALPINIE^. 95 
 
 stamens, and the same gynseceum. The pod, which only opens very 
 incompletely, is oblong compressed, and straight or bowed, and has 
 often a thick narrow rudimentary wing on the parietal suture. The 
 seeds are orbicular compressed, borne on a funicle which is sometimes 
 dilated into an aril.' But the flowers of Schotia are never enclosed 
 in the two accompanying bractlets, which, like the axillant bracts, 
 are membranous and caducous. The flowers are numerous, in 
 compound racemes that are often much ramified. The four or five 
 species composing this genus are unarmed trees or shrubs from South 
 Africa,^ with paripinnate leaves possessing short caducous stipules. 
 
 Paloveif has nearly the flower of Amherstia and Humboldtia. But 
 the corolla is reduced' to the three posterior sepals, the two anterior 
 having disappeared ; and the stamens, which are free, are~ only nine 
 in number, owing to the disappearance of the vexiUary stamen also. 
 The two accompanying bractlets are united into a tube to a pretty 
 good height, and the leaves are simple and entire, instead of being 
 compound. P- guianensis, the only species, is an unarmed tree from 
 Guiana, whose flowers are in short few-flowered spikes terminating 
 the branches. 
 
 Elisabetha* has externally altogether the flower of Palovea, with 
 two lateral bractlets united for some distance into a tube, and a 
 corolla of five well-developed petals. But of the nine stamens, which 
 are united for a very short distance at the base of the filament, the 
 three alone that are superposed to the three anterior sepals are 
 large and end in well-developed anthers. The six others have only 
 little sterile anthers, or are reduced to the subulate filaments. The 
 gynseceum and fruit resemble those of Amherstia and Palovea in E. 
 coccinea Schomb.,' the only known species, an unarmed tree from 
 Guiana, with paripinnate leaves and short terminal racemes, each 
 flower axillary to a large coloured coriaceous bract. 
 
 26 J Suppl., V. 114; ia.,t,. 331.— DC, Frodr., 1. 15.— Hoox., :Exot.Flor., 1. 159; in Sot. Mag., 
 
 ii. 507. — Endl., Gen., ii. 6785. — B. H., Gen., t. 1153. — Andb., £ot. Sepos., t. 348.— Bolle, 
 
 581, n. 350. — Guaiaaim L., ex J,, Gen., 347. — in Pet. Mossamb., 18. — H. Bk., in Adansonia, 
 
 Theodora Medik., Monog„ Mairab. (1796), 16, vi. 187, 197.— Olit., Flor. Trap. Afr., ii. 309. 
 ieon., ex KckIj. & Z'env.., Enum. PL Afr. Austr., ^ Axtbl., Guian., 365, t. 141 {Paloue). — J., 
 
 2,61.— ScotiaTm!T!Ti.,Fl. Cap.,\. 389.^-OmpAffi- Gen., 351. — Lamk., Diet., iv. 716; Suppl., iv. 
 
 loUwrnSACq,., e\ DC, loc.cit., 50% (nee DC). 265; III., t. 323. — DC, Prodr., ii. 518. — 
 
 ' The aril exists in 8. latifolia Jacq. (Fragm., Endi.., Gen., n. 6799. — B. H., Gen., 578, n. 339. 
 
 23, t. 15, fig. 4), which Db Candollb has made — Gmnania Soop., Introd., n. 1366. — Schbeb., 
 
 the type of his section Omphalohioides. 8, Gen., 271. 
 {Theodora) speeiosa Jacq., lacks it. ■■ Sohomb., in HooTc. Jonm., ii. 92. — Endl., 
 
 2 Haev & SoND.. Fl. Cap., ii. 273.— Habt., Gen., n. 6794'.— B. H., Gen., 577, n. 337. 
 Thes. Cap., t. 32.— Jacq., loc. cit., 136 ; Ic. Bar., * Waip., JRep., i. 843. 
 
96 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Heterostemon (figs. 68, 69) has nearly the flowers of Paloved and 
 ElisabetJia ; the same receptacle and the same calyx, with a corolla 
 of five petals, of which the three posterior are alone well developed. 
 The stamens too resemble those oiMisabetha, three being greatly de- 
 veloped, and six short and sterile, or reduced to mere filaments. 
 
 Heterostemon mimosoides. 
 
 Fig. 68. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fio. 69. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 But they are united into a sort of sheath open towards the vexillary 
 petal. The gynseceum, fruit, and seeds are as in the two preceding 
 genera. The five or six known species are unarmed trees or shrubs 
 from tropical America. Their leaves are alternately paripinnate or 
 imparipinnate, or unifoliolate, and the stipules are caducous. The 
 flowers form terminal or lateral racemes, as in Humboldtia, and have 
 two bractlets to form a sheath, as in Elisabetha ; but this sheath is 
 very short, revealing almost the whole of the flower. 
 
 • DeSP., in Mem. Mtis., iv. 248, t. 12. — DC, Prodr., 
 Gen., 578, n. 338. 
 
 ii. 488. — Endi., G-en., n. 6794. — B. H., 
 
■LEGUMmOSJE-CJESALFINIEJE. 
 
 97 
 
 Brownea^ (figs. 70-72) has features of all the preceding genera. 
 They have still the same receptacle, calyx, fruit, ami seeds; the 
 corolla consists of five well developed petals, as in Amherstia, but 
 there are from ten to fifteen stamens, free or monadelphous to a 
 variable height. The flowers of Broionea are united at the ends of 
 the branches in splendid short spikes or heads, each flower axillary 
 to a coloured petal and bract. The bractlets, united edge to edge 
 for a considerable distance, form a long sheath, from which the 
 
 Broionea ccocinea. 
 
 Pi&. 71. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fig. 72. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 flower emerges on anthesis. About eight species^ of Brorcnea are 
 known, all fine glabrous trees or shrubs from tropical America ; their 
 alternate paripinnate leaves possess caducous, sometimes coloured, 
 leafy stipules. In this respect Brownea comes very near Elisabetha ; 
 but its stamens, which are all fertile, nearly equal, and exserted, 
 resemble those of Palovea. 
 
 Saracd consists of Indian trees, whose flowers are those of Hum- 
 
 ^ Jaoq., Fl. Amer., 194, t. 121; Fragm., 
 t. 16-23.— L., Gen., n. 833.— J., Oen., 366.— 
 Lamk., Diet., i. 471 ; Suppl., i. 710 ; III., t. 575. 
 —DC, Frodr., ii. 477.— Etol., Gen., n. 6810. 
 — B. H., Gen., 577, u. SSG.Sermesia LcEM.., 
 It., 278 ? (nee K.) 
 
 2 H. B. K., JVow. Gen. ef Spec, vi. ^12.— 
 PtEPP. & EifDi,., Nov. Gen. et Spec, t. 292. — 
 Hook., in Fot. Mag., t. 3964, 4839.— .Boi. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Seff. (1841), t. 30.— LiNDi. & Paxt., M. 
 Gard., t. 59. — Walp., Hep., v. 565. 
 
 3 Bubm:., Fl. Ind., 85, t. 25, fig. 2. — L., 
 Mmtiss., n. 1267. — J., Oen., 4,22. — B. H., 
 Gen., 583, n. 357. — Jonesia EOXB., in Asiat. 
 Mes.,i\. 355, icon.; Fl. Ind., ii. 212. — DC, 
 Frodr., ii. 487.— SpiOH, Suit, cl Buffon, i. 110. 
 — Endl., Gen., n. 6795. — Asjogam Rheed., 
 Hort. Malab., v. 117, fc. 50. 
 
 H 
 
98 NATURAL EISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 boMtia or Amherstia, with the exception of three characters. They 
 have no corolla, and their coloured perianth is of a calycine nature ; 
 their axillant bracts are surmounted by two far less developed bract- 
 lets, which do not surround the whole flower, and which may overlap 
 by their thin edges ; and in certain species the ten stamens are not 
 all fertile, five or six having no anthers. The filaments, too, are 
 neither altogether free, as in Humboldtia, nor united for a long way, 
 as in Amherstia, but are only monadelphous close to their insertion. 
 The fruit is an elongated, flattened or turgid, bivalve pod. The 
 genus contains three or four species, not very distinct, all Asiatic' 
 Their stems are unarmed, and covered with alternate paripinnate 
 leaves, possessing little caducous stipules. The flowers form com- 
 pound ramified racemes, often lateral. 
 
 Apalatoa^ has the apetalous flowers of Saraca, possessing a diplo- 
 stemonous androceum, of which several pieces may be absent, and a 
 usually pauciovulate androceum. The fruit is orbicular oval or 
 oblong, dehiscing in two valves with thickened edges ; it contains 
 one or two flattened exalbuminous seeds. The genus consists of 
 trees with alternate imparipinnate leaves, possessing stipules of 
 variable form and duration. The flowers form simple racemes 
 terminating the young branches, or inserted laterally on those of 
 former years. Each flower is axillary to a bract, and is accompanied 
 by two lateral bractlets, which are sometimes large and spreading, 
 and persist for a good time beside the flower, which they at first 
 enveloped completely. There are some half-score of species, mostly 
 from tropical America ;' one is found in the west of tropical Africa,* 
 one in Ceylon,' and one in the Indian Archipelago.^ 
 
 The corolla reappears in Baikicea,^ whose calyx possesses four thick 
 unequal sepals, which only overlap by their bevelled edges. The 
 
 ' WlOHT & Akn., Prodr., ii. 4&1. — Wight, 1445. — JPryona MiQ., M. Ind.-Bat., i. p. 1, 
 
 Icon., t. 206.— MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat, i. p. 1, 83. 1081. 
 
 —Bot. Mag., t. 3018.— Walp., Ami., iv. 609, '' Ghiseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 216— Waip., 
 
 610. Rep., i. 854 ; v. 573 ; Ann., iv. 611. 
 
 - Attbl., Ghiian., 382. — H. Bn., in Adan- * C. senegalensis Pl. — Benth., Niger, 329 ; 
 
 sonia, ix. fasc. 7. — Crudia, Sohkeb., &en, 282. in Trans. Lirm. Soc, xxv. 314, u. 1. 
 ^B. H., Gen., 584, 1003, n. 358. — H. Bn., in ' C. zeylamca Benth., loc. cit., n. 2. — De- 
 
 Adansonia, vi. 199. — Crudya W., Spec, ii. tarium eeylanicum Thw., ISnum. Fl. Zeyl., 
 
 539.— DC, Prodr., ii. 519. — Endl., Qen., 414. 
 
 n. 6802. — Opalafoa Aubl., op. cit., t. 147. — ^ Apalatoa lantamensis. — Pryona hwnta- 
 
 Touchiroa L. C. ElCH., ex Endl.— Touchiroua mensis, MiQ., loc. cit., n. 1. 
 AuBl., op. cit., 384, t. 48. — Vouarana Aubl., ' Benth., Qen., 581, 1003, n. 349 j in Trams. 
 
 Siippl., 12, t. 347 ? — Gyclas Soheeb., loc. cit. lAnn. Soc, xxv. 314, t. 41. — Oirv., Fl. Trap. 
 
 (part.). — Waldschmidtia B"eck., Mem., n. Afr., ii. 308. 
 
LEOUMINOSJE-CJESAJjPINIEja. 99 
 
 petals are five in number, of which the posterior is superposed to 
 the posterior sepals.' The stamens are ten in number,^ and the 
 gynfficeum is inserted slightly excentrically by a slender foot. The 
 ovary contains numerous descending ovules, and is surmounted by 
 a style which is slightly dilated at its stigmatiferous apex. Two 
 species' of this genus are known, fine trees from the west of tropical 
 Africa; their leaves are paripinnate, with only one or two pairs of 
 broad coriaceous leaflets, and the very large flowers, covered with 
 brownish velvety down, form short subterminal racemes. 
 
 The Tamarind-tree* (Fr., Tamarinier ; figs. 73-76) has the same 
 floral symmetry as the preceding genera, but certain abortions occur 
 in the corolla and androceum. The receptacle forms a long tubular 
 cavity, on whose rim are borne four imbricate sepals, of which the 
 posterior one really represents two calycine leaves. The corolla has 
 but three petals, one posterior, and two lateral which overlap the 
 former in the bud.' The androceum consists of nine stamens, as in 
 Heterostemon, Misabetha, &c., the one exactly superposed to the 
 vexillary petal being absent. The rest are far from being all 
 fertile ; this is only the case with those superposed to the three 
 anterior sepals. These three have subulate filaments, becoming free 
 above to support an introrse two-celled anther which dehisces longi- 
 tudinally ; the six others are reduced to sterile tongues above, while 
 the lower parts of their filaments are united into a long curved tube 
 cleft posteriorly. The gynsecetim, inserted on top of the posterior 
 wall of the receptacular tube, consists of a stipitate ovary ending in 
 a curved style, slightly dilated at its stigmatiferous apex. The ovary 
 contains a variable number of slightly descending anatropous ovules, 
 whose micropyles look upwards and outwards. The fruit, or tamarind 
 (Fr., tamarin), is straight, elongated, subcylindrical or somewhat 
 flattened, with its margins continuous or irregularly pinched in 
 between the seeds (fig. 73). Its epicarp is pretty thick, crustaceous 
 and fragile ; the thick pulpy mesocarp, gorged with acidulous juice. 
 
 ' This is the largest of the sepals, and repre- Lamk., Diet., vii. 561 ; Suppl., i. 281 ; III., 
 
 sents the two posterior leaves of the calyx. t. 25. — J., Gen., 347. — GaiETN., Fruct., ii. 310, 
 
 ^ Their filaments are reflexed in the bud, and t. 146. — DC, Prodr., ii. 488. — Spaof, Suit, a 
 
 then their versatile anthers are lodged in the Suffon, i. 111. — Endl., Qen., n. 6778. — B. H., 
 
 space between the gyuEeceum and the walls of Gen., 581, n. 348. 
 
 the receptacle. ' It is only exceptionally that we find the 
 
 ^ " Vel unius varietates." (Bekth.) posterior petal overlapping the lateral ones (as 
 
 * Tamarindas T., Inst., 660, t. 445. — L., in fig. 75) on both sidss or on one only. (See 
 
 Gen., II. 46.— Adaks., Fayn. des Fl., ii. 319.— AaABUH, Theor., 212.) 
 
 H 2 
 
100 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 is traversed by ramified woody fibro-vascular bundles. The endocarp 
 is like parchment or more or less leathery, and forms as many com- 
 pletely closed chambers as there are seeds, each chamber separating 
 easily from its neighbours through the double transverse false dis- 
 
 Tamtcurmiiis indiea. 
 
 Fio. 73. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 sepiments. The descending compressed obovate seeds contain within 
 their coriaceous coats a fleshy exalbuminous embryo, whose short 
 superior radicle is completely surrounded by the auricled bases of 
 the cotyledons. Only one species' of Tamarind tree is known, a 
 native of tropical Asia or Africa, which has been transported into 
 all warm countries ; it is an unarmed tree, whose alternate paripin- 
 
 ' T. indiea L., Spec, 48. — Rheed., Sort. loc. cit., n. 2. — Jacq., Amer., 10, t. 10, 179. — 
 
 Malab., ]. t. 23. — 'Rvufb.., Serb. Amboin., ii. t. T. officinalis Hook., in Sot. itfay., t. 4563. — 
 
 23. — DC, Mem. Ligvm., ii. t. 24, fig. 113. — MiQ., M. Ind.-Bat., i. p. i. 82. — ^Walp., Arm., 
 
 T. occidentalis GiEETN., loc. cit. — DC, Prodr., iv. 595. — Omt., Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 307. 
 
LEG UMINOS^- CJESALFINIEJS. 
 
 101 
 
 nate leaves possess two caducous lateral stipules. The flowers form 
 terminal racemes ; each flower is axillar'y to a coloured caducous 
 
 Tamarindus indioa. 
 
 Fio. 74. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 75. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fio. 76. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 bract, and is accompanied by two large lanceolate lateral bractlets 
 placed edge to edge, and at first enveloping the whole flower-bud. 
 
 Vouapa^ (figs- 77-80) comes very near Tamarindus in its androceum, 
 the number of fertile stamens being often reduced to three, accom- 
 panied by a variable number of staminodes. But the reduction of 
 the corolla is yet more marked ; there is only one large petal, the 
 posterior one ; the four others are reduced to little tongues or are 
 even altogether absent ; and moreover the two accompanying lateral 
 bractlets become large, coriaceous, and concave like the bowl of a 
 spoon, touching by their thick edges, and completely enclosing the 
 bud in a sort of sac before expansion. The four imbricated sepals 
 become quite membranous and are often ill-developed. The other 
 characters are extremely variable in the score or so of species forming 
 
 ' Atjbi., &mcm. (1775), 25, t. 7. — J., <?««., 
 350.— Lamk., Diet., viii. 699; III., t. 26.— 
 DC, Frod/r., ii. 511. — Spach, Suit, a Btiffon, i. 
 120.— Endl., Ben., n. 6803. — H. Bw., in Adcm- 
 sonia,\\. 177; ix.fasc. 7. — Outea kvajj., op.cit., 
 28, t. 9. — J., loc. cii., 347. — Lamk., Diet., iii. 
 291 ; Suppl., iv. 237 ; III., t. 26.— DC, loc. cit, 
 510. — Sbach, loc. cit, 119. — MacroloUum 
 ScHKEB., Gen., i, (1789), 30, n. 12.— Vahl, 
 
 ii. 37. — Voa., in Lvrmma, xi. 411. — 
 Etoi., Q-e%., n. 6803.— B. H., Q-en., 579, 1003, 
 n. 342. — Krnegeria Neck., Elem., iii. (l790), 
 65, n. 1389.—Anthonota P. Beaut., M. Ow. et 
 Ben., i. (1804), 70, t. 42.— DC, loo. oit, 510.— 
 Destx., in Arm. So. Nat., s&. 1, ix. 430. — Endl., 
 G-en., n. 6797. — Scytodiwm, Vo&., in Zinncea, 
 xi. 411. 
 
102 
 
 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 tliis genus. Thus the floral receptacle is often long and tubular like 
 that of the Tamarind, as in F. bi/olia Aubl. (figs. 77, 78). But elsewhere 
 we find it deeper and shallower in proportion, like that of BaiJcitsa, 
 as seen in V. macropliylla' (figs. 79, 80) ; and the gynseceum is in this 
 case inserted much further from the posterior rim of the receptacular 
 cavity. The calyx usually consists of four imbricate sepals, and the 
 corolla is represented by the vexillary petal, which is greatly de- 
 veloped and possesses a long claw and a broad limb which is bent on 
 itself in the bud. The four anterior petals are either reduced to very 
 little scales or altogether absent. There are often three fertile 
 
 Vouwpa hifolia. 
 
 Pia. 7V. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fio. 78. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 stamens, the other pieces of the androceum becoming quite rudi- 
 mentary or even disappearing (figs. 77, 78). But in Anthonota, from 
 tropical Africa, which should be referred to this genus, there are 
 sometimes as many as nine or ten stamens, all of which may be 
 fertile but one ; and this reveals more clearly the fundamental ar- 
 rangement of the elements of the androceum. Thus V. macrophylla 
 has five very unequal petals, and it is the stamen superposed to the 
 vexillary petal which is absent or reduced to a sterile tubercle. The 
 nine others have " an anther which may dehisce longitudinally and 
 
 ' H. Bn., in Adamscmia, vi. 178, t. iii. fig. 6, 
 7. — Anthonota macrophylla P. Beaut., Fl. Ow>. 
 et Ben., i. 7l, t. 42 (the analyses of the flower 
 
 are inexact and imperfect). — Macrolohium Pa- 
 lisoti Benth., in Trans, Linn. Soc, xxv. 308. — 
 Olit., M. Trop. Afr., ii. 297. 
 
LEOUMINOSJE-CJESALPINIE^. 
 
 103 
 
 contain a variable amount of pollen." K crassifolia' affords a transition 
 between this and the American species in its androceum, possessing 
 three large stamens with fertile anthers, and four little ones of 
 which the two lateral have a small anther, and the two others have 
 only a little glandular swelling at the tip. We have further examined 
 two African species which constitute the types of the sections Trijpli- 
 someris and Pentisomeris of Vouapa, which complete our knowledge of 
 the floral symmetry of this group; for the former^ has only two 
 small petals, the three posterior being of nearly equal size ; and. the 
 latter' has the two posterior sepals quite free instead of being united 
 for some distance, so that the quinary type of the calyx is completely 
 
 Voua'ga (AniAonota) macropTiylla. 
 
 FiGt. 80. 
 Lonaritudmal section of flower. 
 
 Fi&. 79. 
 Flower {\). 
 
 restored. The ovary, inserted at a variable distance from the bottom 
 of the receptacle (figs. 78, 80), contains from two or three to an in- 
 definite number of descending ovules, and ends in a style somewhat 
 dilated at its stigmatiferous apex. The fruit is a few-seeded bivalve 
 pod of very variable form,' containing flattened exalbuminous seeds. 
 The genus Vouapa consists of unarmed trees from tropical Africa and 
 America; some tvrenty species, as mentioned above, are known.' 
 
 ' H. Bn., in Adansoma, vi. 179, note 1 ["pro- 
 bably not distinct," from V. macropTiylla, (OlilT., 
 op. cit., ii. 298).] 
 
 ^ V. expliccms H. Bu., loc. cit., 181, note 1. 
 
 •3 V. demonstrans H. Bn., loc. cit., 180, 
 note 1, t. iii. figs. 1-5. We must note that in 
 most of these species the vexillary petal being 
 so very large, envelopes all the other elements of 
 the corolla in the bud, and often too even part 
 of the calyx, namely, the three anterior sepals. 
 Thus the ordinary prffifloration of the CcesaVpiniem 
 may disappear- in this genus, and be replaced 
 by a irue vexillary sestivation, as occurs, 
 
 though much more rarely, in the Tamarind (p. 99, 
 note 5). 
 
 * In V. acacicefolia (Macrolobium acacite- 
 folium Benth.), the fruit is thus described by 
 Bentham : " Legwmen Iceoe, suturis non incras- 
 satii ei seminis cotyledones insigniler cormgatee, 
 sed flares et inflorescentia nequaguam a cceleris 
 speciebus disiinguuntur." 
 
 5 W., Spec, i. 186. — K., Zwei Ahlandl., 
 13, t. 2. — Bbnth., in Booh. Jowrn., ii. 239 ; in 
 Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 307. — Kaest., Fl. 
 Cohmh., t. 75.— Walp., Rep., i. 845; v. 570; 
 Aim., ii. 448. 
 
104 NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 The leaves are pari- or imparipinnate, with sometimes three leaflets, 
 but usually with more, and possess caducous lateral stipules. Their 
 flowers form simple or ramified axillary or terminal racemes, which 
 are often reflexed. 
 
 The flowers of JBerlinia^ like Vouapa, are at first completely en- 
 veloped by two coriaceous bracts; but the androceum consists of 
 two quinary rows of fertile stamens as in Scholia, Baikiaa, &c. The 
 calyx consists of five imbricate sepals like those of Vouapa, and the 
 corolla has but one large petal, the vexillary one, the other four being 
 reduced to short scales. The multiovulate ovary is inserted on the 
 posterior edge of the receptacle; the fruit is unknown. Haifa dozen 
 species of Berlirda are known, fine unarmed trees from tropical 
 Africa.^ The alternate paripinnate leaves have stipules of variable 
 size, and their lovely scented white flowers form simple or ramified 
 racemes. 
 
 The receptacle of Daniella^ forms a thick-walled cornet, on whose 
 rim are inserted four imbricate sepals and a vexillary petal super- 
 posed to the posterior sepal.^ The androceum consists of ten free or 
 nearly free stamens, all fertile, in two whorls. The gynseceum is 
 inserted by a slender foot not far from the bottom of the receptacle ; 
 its ovary contains numerous descending ovules with their micropyles 
 upwards and outwards, in two vertical rows. The fruit is a flattened 
 elongated stipitate bivalve pod, often one-seeded. The embryo is 
 exalbuminous, and the funicle dilates near the seed into a fleshy aril. 
 At maturity the endocarp separates elastically from the mesocarp. 
 The only known species'* of this genus is a handsome unarmed re- 
 sinous tree from the west of tropical Africa. Its paripinnate leaves 
 have unsymmetrical leaflets and caducous leafy stipules. Its nu- 
 merous flowers form much-ramified compound racemes towards the 
 ends of the branches. 
 
 ' SoiAHD., in HooTc. Niger, 326. — H. Bn., in an examination of the young fiower-'bud reveals 
 
 Adamonia, vi. 184, t. iii. figs. 8-11. — B.H., also two lateral petals besides two smaller (an- 
 
 Gen., 5Y9, 1003, u. 343. terior) ones, which usually disappear in the adult 
 
 ' H. Bn., loc. cit., 18S. — Benth., in Tram. flowers. The lateral petals may have their de- 
 
 Linn. Soc, xxv. 309. — Walp., Ann., ii. 447. — velopment early arrested, or present all binds of 
 
 Out., M. Trap. Afr., ii. 292. variations of form and consistency in the adult 
 
 ' Benh". (J.), in Fharm. Jowrn., xiv. 251. — flowers." 
 
 H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 186. — B. H., Gen., * D. timrifera Benh., loe. cit. (" Species 2 v. 
 
 580, n. 345. unius varietaies" Beuih., loc. cit.) — Out., Fl. 
 
 ■* This petal "is very variable in size and form. Trap. Afr., ii. 300. [This last author admits 
 
 and often appears ijuite solitary when adult. But another species, D. ollonga Oliv.] 
 
LEGVMINOS^-C^SALPINIEM. 
 
 105 
 
 Eperua^ (figs. 81, 82) has nearly the flowers of Berlinia and 
 Daniella : the same receptacular tube with the foot of the gynaeceuni 
 similarly inserted on its posterior wall, the same decandrous an- 
 droceum, and the same corolla reduced to the posterior petal ; but 
 this last is very large, completely covering the androceum in the bud. 
 The gamosepalous calyx is divided above into four unequal imbricate 
 lobes. The staminal filaments are free, or very slightly united at 
 the base. This union is a little more marked in Parivoa grandijlora^ 
 which is only distinguished by this character from Eperua proper, 
 
 Eperua {Parivoa) grandiflora. 
 
 Fig. 82. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 and which cannot be generically separated from it. The ovary is sur- 
 mounted by a style which is at first rolled up and ends in a slightly 
 dilated stigraatiferous apex ; in the cell are two or more descending 
 anatropous ovules whose micropyles look upwards and outwards. 
 The fruit is a more or less oblique large flattened elongated bivalve 
 pod, containing one or few exalbuminous seeds ; the fleshy cot3dedons 
 are prolonged into a sort of sheath surrounding the straight superior 
 radicle. Eperua consists of unarmed slender subsarmentose trees 
 
 > Atibi,., Ghiian., i. 369, t. 142.— J., Gen ,^ 
 
 350. DC, Frod/r., ii. 510. — Spach, Suit, a 
 
 Buffon, i. 117. — Endl., (?e»., n. 6800. — B.H., 
 Q-en., 580, n. 344. — Sotmcmnia Keck., Mem., 
 u. 1284. — Dimorpha Schbeb., &en., 493. — 
 JPaiizera W., Spec, ii. 540. 
 
 2 ACBI., op. cit., 756, t. 303— DC, loc. 
 colvi. — Endl., Gen., n. 6801- — Dimm^ 
 KlJD&E, in Trans. Linn. Soc, ix., t. 20. — Adleria 
 Neck., op. cit., v. 1286. In habit it differs 
 slightly from Epsrua proper. 
 
106 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Afselia bracteaia. 
 
 and shrubs ; there are six species/ all from tropical America and 
 especially Guiana. The alternate pari- or imparipinnate leares 
 possess few coriaceous leaflets, and either short and narrow or large 
 leafy caducous stipules. The flowers form short racemes, often grouped 
 on a common terminal axis ; this may be short and erect, or slender 
 elongated and pendulous. Each flower is axillary to a bract and is 
 accompanied by two caducous lateral bractlets. 
 
 The flowers of Afzelia^ resemble those of Berlinia, but their lateral 
 bractlets, ill-developed as in Daniella, do not cover them completely 
 in the bud. A. bracteata, for instance, has a tubular receptacle bearing 
 on its edges a calyx of four sepals, two lateral and two respectively 
 anterior and posterior, by which the former are overlapped. The 
 coroUa is only represented by the large posterior petal, and the an- 
 
 droceum consists of nine stamens. Of 
 these five are superposed to the sepals 
 and four alternate with them ; it is the 
 one which should be superposed to the 
 large single petal which is absent, while 
 the stamen on either side of this is re- 
 duced to a sterile tongue. Hence we 
 find (fig. 83), going from before backwards, 
 one large stamen, two smaller, two large 
 ones, two small again, and finally two 
 staminodes ; next to these is inserted the 
 gynseceum, towards the posterior edge of 
 the receptacular cavity (E). It consists 
 of a multiovulate ovary, surmounted by 
 a style which is rolled up in the bud 
 and ends in a little stigmatiferous head. The fruit is a thick flattened 
 elongated pod, divided by transverse false dissepiments into as many 
 chambers as there are seeds. Each of these last has a coloured aril 
 forming a deep cupule at its base. A. bracteata is a tree from the 
 west of tropical Africa. The flowers of A. a/ricana, which comes from 
 the same parts, lack the posterior staminodes. In A. madagascariends. 
 
 Fia. 83. 
 Diagram. 
 
 1 K., Zmei Alhamdl., 15, t. 3, fig. 4. — Waip., sonia, vi. 183. — B. H., Oen., 580, n. 347 (nee 
 Arm., ii. 447. Ehkh., nee Gmel.). — f ? Pamcovia W., Spec., 
 
 2 Sm., in Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 221. — DC, ii. 540 (ex Sm., in Rees Cyclop., v. 2G). — Pan- 
 Frodr., ii. 507. — Endi., Gen., n. 6796. — Hook. eovia really belongs to Sapindaceee (H. liy., 
 F., Niger, 325, t. 34, 35.— H. Bn., in Adim- Adansonia, ix. 229). 
 
LEOUMINOS^-OJESALPINIE^. 107 
 
 too, wMch has been made the type of a distinct genus under the name 
 of Intsia,^ the number of stamens is also reduced to seven. Of these 
 three have well-developedfertile anthers — namely, the two superposed 
 to the lateral sepals and the anterior one. But on either side of this 
 last we only find a staminode or lateral sterile tongue, and on either 
 side of the median line of the posterior petal is a little stamen 
 whose anther is present, but has unequal cells or only one cell, and 
 contains no pollen.^ Moreover, the pod, dehiscing in two valves, has 
 thinner walls with ill-marked partitions between the seeds, which 
 are exarillate. Afzelia may then be split into two subgenera. Some 
 half-score species are known,' from tropical countries in the Old 
 World. The alternate leaves are pari- or subimparipinnate, with a 
 few glabrous coriaceous leaflets. The flowers form simple or ramified 
 terminal racemes. Each flower is axillary to a caducous bract, and 
 accompanied by two concave more or less persistent lateral bractlets, 
 which are not sufficiently developed to cover the bud completely. 
 
 Bidelotia* is the genus of this group in which this reduction of 
 the perianth is carried to its greatest extent. We only find ten little 
 scales of very variable form on the rim of the concave receptacle, 
 representing the five sepals and the five alternating petals ; and even 
 of these several may become almost imperceptible or be quite absent. 
 The protection of the sexual organs, usually assigned to the perianth, 
 here devolves on the two lateral bractlets, which, placed edge to edge, 
 as in Berlinia, Vbuapa, Humboldtia, &c., long cover the whole flower- 
 bud. The androceum consists often free perigynous stamens; some- 
 times these are all fertile, with introrse two-celled anthers ; sometimes 
 the five that correspond with the petals are reduced to sterile fila- 
 ments variably developed. The gynaeceum is that of the preceding 
 genera, similarly situated on the vexillary side of the receptacle ; it 
 becomes a flattened elongated stipitate bivalve pod, with exalbu- 
 minous seeds. The genus consists of three species of trees from 
 tropical Africa.' The alternate leaves are paripinnate, possessing one 
 
 ' Dtjp.-Th., Nov. Qen. Madag., 22, n. 75. — xii. t. 11. — A. Gray, Sot. Unit. States JSxpl. 
 
 DC, JProdr., ii. 509.— Endi., Qen., n. 6798.— Exp., t. 51.— Kl., in Pet. Moss. Bat., 19.— 
 
 ? Fahudia MlQ., M. Ind.-Sat., i. p. i. 86.— B. H., Waip., Ann., ii. 447 ; iv. 594, 608, 610.— Olit., 
 
 &en., 580, ii. 346. In this last the stamens are Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 301. 
 
 said to be monadelphous, as in the section Parivoa * H. Bn., in Adansonia, v. 367, t. viii. — 
 
 of the preceding genus, B. H., Chen., 1003, n. 351 a. — Srachystegia 
 
 " This fact is perliaps not constant. Bbnth., Oen., 582, n. 351 ? 
 
 ' Rich., Guiiii;. et Peeb., M. Seneg. Tent., * Benth., in Trans. lAnn. Soc, xxv. 311 t. 
 
 i. 263, t. 57. — COLEBR., in Trans. Linn. Soc, 42, B. 
 
108 
 
 NATURAL EISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Symenaa 
 
 {Trachylobimn) 
 
 verrucosa. 
 
 or more pairs of unsymmetrical leaflets, and caducous ill-developed 
 stipules. The flowers form usually terminal shortly pedicellate 
 racemes, simple or branched. 
 
 HymencBd}^ has the floral symmetry of Schotia or Humboldtia. Its 
 coriaceous obconical receptacle, lined by a thick disk, bears four 
 slightly imbricate sepals, five subequal imbricate petals, and ten 
 free perigynous stamens, five alternate with the petals, and five 
 shorter superposed to them. The gynaeceum, inserted laterally at ,a 
 variable distance from the bottom of the receptacle, is stipitate, with 
 an ovary containing a few anatropous descending ovules, and bearing 
 a style which is at first folded on itself and ends in a little stigma- 
 tiferous head. The fruit is obliquely obovate or 
 oblong, flattened or terete, thick coriaceous nearly 
 woody, and indehiscent. It contains a variable 
 number of seeds with very hard coats and a 
 thick fleshy exalbuminous embryo. They are 
 completely surrounded by a sort of dried up floury 
 pulp.^ 
 
 Hymenaa venosd and verrucosa,* natives of tropical 
 America and East Africa respectively, have been 
 made the types of the genera Peltogyne' and Trachy- 
 lobimn,^ which we think we may retain as sections of 
 the genus Hymemea. The former has the stigma 
 more dilated than in Hymenosa proper, and a com- 
 pressed bivalve fruit whose dorsal suture is often, 
 though not constantly, prolonged into a narrow 
 wing. The latter has the two anterior petals ru- 
 dimentary and its ovary is borne on a foot dilated at the top into 
 a little fringed collar. Its fruit, indehiscent and often one-seeded, 
 is covered with warts (fig. 84). 
 
 Fi&. 84. 
 Fruit. 
 
 ' SymeruBa L., Gen., n. 512. — J., Q-en., 351. 
 — GjEETN., Fi-uct., ii. 305, t. 139, 145. — Lamk., 
 Diet., ii. 147 ; Suppl., ii. 374 ; III., t. 330.— 
 DC, Frodr., ii. 511. — Hatn., Arzneig., t. 6-19. 
 — Spach, Suit, a Bvffon, i. 122. — Ekdi., Gen., 
 n. 6788. — B. H., Gen., 583, u. 354.— Co«r6anZ 
 Plum., Gen., t. 36. — Adans.. Fam. des PI., ii. 
 317. — Jetaiba Pis., Srasil,, 60 (ex Adans.). 
 
 ^ Consisting of a large number of hairs, whicli 
 contain resinous matter, together with a great 
 abundance of starch granules. 
 
 ^ Vahi,, Scl. Amer., ii. 31. — DC, Pro^., 
 n. 2. 
 
 •• G^ET^^., Fitiet., ii. 306, t. 139, fig. 7. — 
 DC, loc. cit., u. 3. — Tanrovjon J., Gen., 351, 
 not. 
 
 * VoG., in Linnma, xi. 410. — Endl., Gen., 
 n. 6787.— B. H., Gen., 582, n. 353. 
 
 ^ Hayn., Arzneig., xi. t. 18, 19 (char. sub. t. 
 11).— B. H., Gen., 583, u. 355.— Oliv., Fl. 
 Trap. Afr., ii. 311. 
 
LEQUMIN0a^-G^8ALPINmm. 109 
 
 Thus constituted/ the genus HymencEa contains a dozen species^ of 
 which two belong to TracJiylohiun^ and three to Peltogyne.* All are 
 unarmed trees whose alternate leaves consist of two unsymmetrical 
 coriaceous leaflets and five caducous stipules. Their flowers form 
 ramified racemes (described by some as panicles) at the ends of the 
 branches. The bract and pair of bractlets belonging to each flower 
 usually fall very early. 
 
 In Tachigali" the flowers present the general characters of the 
 preceding genera, but lack the lateral bractlets. The receptacle is 
 cornet-shaped, lined with glandular tissue ; its mouth is oblique," and 
 on it are inserted five imbricated sepals,' and as many alternating 
 imbricated petals. The androceum consists of ten stamens, five 
 superposed to the sepals and five to the petals, and inserted like 
 them on the edges of the receptacle ; each consists of a free filament 
 refiexed in the bud and often velvety at the base, and a versatile in- 
 trorse two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence. As in Amherstia, 
 Schotia, &c., the gynseceum is inserted on the posterior wall of the 
 receptacle; its pluriovulate stipitate ovary is surmounted by a style 
 slightly dilated at its stigmatiferous apex. The pod is oblong or 
 elongated, compressed membranous and indehiscent. The oval com- 
 pressed seeds have their embryos surrounded by albumen. Four or 
 five species of Tachigali are known,* unarmed trees from tropical 
 America, whose alternate paripinnate leaves have two usually 
 caducous stipules. . The fiowers form racemes which are axillary or 
 approximated to form terminal compound racemes. These plants 
 form a connecting link between Amherstiets and Sderolobiem, pos- 
 sessing the excentric ovary of the former series with the general 
 floral organization of the latter. 
 
 Pees., Syn., i. 459 (nee Aubl.). — Valeniinia 
 1. Coarharil. Neck., Elem., u. 1283. — Tassia Rich, (ex 
 
 _ ( 1. Cowrbaril. Neck, 
 
 Hymen<Ba \ ^ pMogyne. Endl. 
 
 Sections 3. ( 3. Traohylolium. "11 
 
 " It is highest behind, so that it slants fov- 
 
 2 Walp., Rep., i. 846. wards and downwards. Hence the hud as a whole 
 
 ■* dMRVS., loc. cit., t. 139. — Kl., in Pet. is curved, the sepals bending outwards above. 
 
 Moss. Bot., t. 2. The same curved club-shaped flower-bud occurs 
 
 * H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi., 323, t. in SchizoloUum. 
 
 567. ? Usually quincuncially, sepal 2 being anterior 
 
 * AlTBL., Oman., 372, t. 143. — Tachigalia and sepals 1 and 3 posterior. 
 
 J., Gen., 349. — Lamk., Diet., vii. 550 ; III., ^ Pospp. & Endi., Nov. Gen. et Spec., t. 265. 
 
 t. 339.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 487.— Endi.., Gen., —MlQ., Stirp.Surin.,t.3.— T:vi,.,m Arch. Mus., 
 
 n. 6752.— B. H. Gen., 582, u. 352.— Cubcea iv. 160-168.— Waip., Mep., i. 845; v. 569 
 
 Scop., ex Scheeb., Gen., 278. — TaeMa (part.) ; Ann., ii. 448. 
 
110 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Schizolobium^ possesses altogether the flowers of TacJdgali, and 
 hence seems properly inseparable from it ; though it has been placed 
 in a different series, EuccBsalpiniea, because of its bipinnate leaves. 
 The oblique-mouthed receptacle, the imbricated sepals and petals, 
 the decandrous androceum, the pluriovulate gynseceum inserted on 
 the posterior wall of the receptacle, are the same in both genera. 
 The pod is flattened and bivalve; its dry thin endocarp, which 
 separates from the exocarp, contains a compressed seed with a 
 coloured embryo surrounded by copious albumen. This genus con- 
 tains one or two species from tropical Africa.'' The leaves have 
 very numerous small leaflets, and the flowers, which also lack 
 lateral bractlets, form simple axillary or ramified terminal racemes. 
 Schizolobium by its foliage links AmJierstiece with EuccesalpiniecB, as 
 TacJdgali on the other hand links it with Sderololiece? 
 
 V. BAUHINIA SEEIES. 
 
 BauJdnia^ (figs. 83, 86) has regular hermaphrodite or polygamous 
 flowers, pentamerous or more rarely tetramerous. In those species 
 of the genus where the flower is most complete and often nearly 
 regular, we find a pentamerous calyx and corolla,' to whose pieces 
 the ten free stamens are superposed, all inserted on a more or less 
 
 • Voo., in Lirmaea, xi. 399. — Endl., Q-en., n. clavato." — [Omveb (M. Trap. Afr., ii. 294), 
 
 6760. — B. H., Gen., 569, n. 318. having examined one of Vahl's species, W. 
 
 ^ Tl7L., in Arch. Mus., iv. 15'7. — Walp., grandiflora, writes: — "This turns out to be 
 
 Sep., V. 557. SerUnia acuminata Sol. As W. parmflora 
 
 ' Among AmhersiieiB has been placed, with must be generically distinct, the right course 
 
 doubt, the very little known genus Westia (Vahl, appears to be simply to suppress the genus." — Aa 
 
 Skriv. Nat. Selsk., vi. 117), containing two (?) this sheet is passing through the press I learn 
 
 species from tropical America, which have been that W. parmflora has been determined by Prof, 
 
 referred by some authors, though doubtfully, to Bailion to belong to SapindaceiE. — Tb.]. 
 
 the genus Vouapa (Endi.., Gen., 1427, n. 6797). ■* Bauhinia PtFM., Nov. Gen., t. 13. — L., 
 
 It is thus characterized by Bentham and HooKBB Gen., n. 511. — ^Adahs., Fam. des JPl., ii. 317 — 
 
 {Gen., 583, n. 356): — " Calycisl (corolltB, J., Gen., 351. — Lamk., Uicf., i. 388 ; Suppl., 1. 
 
 Vahl) tubtis discifer elongatus ; segmenta (4 ?) 598 ; III., t. 329. — K., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 
 
 spathulata, mibrieata {Fetala 0?). Stamina 1, i. 84. — DC, Prodr., ii. 512 — Spach, Suit, ct 
 
 10, libera. Ovarimn stipitatvm oo -ovulatvm. Buffon, i. 123. — Ehdl., Gen,, n. 6790. — B. H., 
 
 Legwmen stipitatwm, e stipite erecto horizontali Gen., 575, n. 333 (incl. : Casparia K., Amaria 
 
 compression coriaceum, sidwris incrassatis. — MuT., Sohnella Eadb., Caulotretvs Rich., 
 
 Arbor. Folia imparipinnata ; foliolis paucijugis Lacara Speen&., Ferlebia Maet., Pauletia Cav., 
 
 coriaceis. Flores majuscuU racemosi ; racemis Phamera LouB., Pileostigma Hochst., Lasio- 
 
 im pamculmn terminalem dispositia. Bractem Jema Mi<j.). — Ca»scfe«ffpo»RHEEi>. (exADAlfs.). 
 
 ovatcB. BracteoliB [calyx dipTiyUus, Vahl) * There are often tetramerous flowers even on 
 
 amplee, ante aathesin flores inehidentes, alabastro the plants bearing the pentamerous ones. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-CJSSALFINIB^. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Saulimia {Casparia) porrecta. 
 
 concave receptacle lined by a glandular disk. The calyx is tubular' 
 and gamosepalous, divided above into five dentate teeth, valvate or 
 imbricate in the bud. Usually it divides on anthesis into a certain 
 number of parts marked off by 
 longitudinal clefts, but it often 
 opens into a single spathe-like 
 piece owing to there being but 
 one of these clefts, more or less 
 perfect. The petals are of nearly 
 equal size or unequal, as the 
 vexillary petal may be larger or 
 smaller ; the rest differ in form 
 or colour. The prsefloration is 
 imbricate, with the vexillary petal 
 overlapped^ by the two lateral 
 ones, and these again by the an- 
 terior pair. The stamens are in 
 two whorls, superposed to the se- 
 pals and petals respectively ; the 
 former set are the larger. Each 
 stamen consists of a filament and 
 an introrse two-celled anther of 
 longitudinal dehiscence.' The 
 gynseceum is borne on a foot of 
 variable length, inserted either in the bottom of the receptacle as in 
 SclerolobiecB, or at a variable height inside its walls, though in this 
 case anteriorly, v^oi posteriorly as in that series. The one-celled ovary 
 contains a variable number* of descending ovules on a placenta 
 looking towards the vexillary petal.' It ends in a style whose stig- 
 
 Fia. 85. 
 Inflorescence (f). 
 
 ' Lined by a layer of glandular tissue, often 
 very thin, bat sometimes, though rarely, thick- 
 ened, especially near the edges. 
 
 2 Sometimes only one edge is overlapped. 
 When the posterior sepal is absent, a single sepal 
 occupies the place of the two posterior ones of 
 the resupinate pentamerous flower, and to this it 
 is that the placenta is superposed. 
 
 ^ The top of the filament is often bent in the 
 bud. The anthers are usually versatile. 
 
 * Often indefinite. The ovules form two rows, 
 and are descending and anatropous, or incom- 
 pletely campylotropous with their micropyles up- 
 
 wards and outwards. Certain species have only 
 two or three ovules. 
 
 ' While this relation remains unchanged, and 
 remains what it is in Leguminosm generally, the 
 gynaeceum when inserted excentrically on the 
 walls of the receptacle, is here on the anterior side 
 of the flower (see Adcmsonia, ix. fasc. 7). Hence 
 the cavity of the receptacle, which is sometimes 
 well marked, is interposed between the placentary 
 edge of the ovary and the vexillary petal ; whUe 
 in Amherstiem, on the contrary, the receptacular 
 sac lies between the anterior petals and the 
 gynfficeum, which is inserted onits posterior wall. 
 
112 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 inatiferous apex is more or less dilated into a terminal or oblique 
 head. The pod varies greatly in form, being in dehiscent or bivalve, 
 with its cavity continuous or divided by false dissepiments of variable 
 thickness into as many spurious cells as there are seeds. Within 
 the seed-coats is a fleshy embryo surrounded by a variable thickness 
 of albumen. 
 
 The Bauhinias constructed on the above described plan have been 
 made into seven sections, which some authors have considered distinct 
 genera. In Adenolobus,^ Pauletia^ Perlebia,^ Pileostigma,* and Sclmella' 
 the gynseceum is inserted in the bottom of the receptacle, while in 
 Amari(f and LysiphyllunH it is inserted laterally on its wall. The 
 species whose androceum always consists in part of sterile stamens 
 are comprised in the sections Casparia,^ Loxocalyx, Phanera, and 
 Lasiobema. In the first section the only well developed stamen is 
 that superposed to the carpel, which is very large (fig. 86), and the 
 rest are monadelphous, sterile, or more rarely with from two to four 
 fertile towards the posterior side of the flower.' In Loxocalyai"' there 
 
 ' Haet. & SoND., M. Cwp., ii. 2^5. In the 
 single species of this section .the calyx has only 
 five teeth, and there are ten stamens. 
 
 * Cav., Icon., V. 5, t. 409, 410. This section 
 contains two-score species from America, and 
 eight or nine from tropical Asia and Africa. 
 The calyx opens nearly to the base by five clefts, 
 or is one cleft in a single piece. The stamens 
 are all fertile, or more rarely the five oppositi- 
 petalous or the vexillary alone is sterile. The 
 leaves are entire or two-lobed on slender un- 
 armed or prickly stems. (Jacq., .<4wer., 1. 177; 
 Fragm., t. 15, fig. 1. — Bono., in Mem. Acad. 
 Fetrop., ser. 6, iv. t. 4-7. — DC, Prodr., ii. 513. 
 — Hook., in Bot. Misc., ii. t. 91 ; in Bot. Mag., 
 t. 3741.— MoEic, PI. Nouv. Amer., t. 51, 52.— 
 Eeichb., Icon. Exoi., t. 180. — KoKTn., Vei-li. 
 Nat. Gesch. Bot., t. 9.) 
 
 ^ Mabt., Meis., i. 555. In this Brazilian 
 species the pod is said to possess false dissepiments 
 between the seeds. 
 
 * HOCHSI., in Mora (1846), 528. Calyx of 
 Pauletia, often dehiscing by a single vertical 
 cleft. Stamens ten, fertile, free or slightly 
 monadelphous. Coriaceous or nearly woody, in- 
 dehiscent or bivalve at a very late stage. Vege- 
 tative characters of Pauletia. Six or seven 
 species from tropical Asia and Africa. (Hook., 
 Icon., t. 141. — Gttiil. & Pebe., Fl. Seneg. Tent., 
 i. 226, t. 60.— Field. & Gaedk., Sert. PL, 1. 10.) 
 
 ' Radd., pi. Bras. Add., 33, fig. 4i.—Caulo- 
 tretus KlOH. & Speekg., St/st., Cm. Post., 406. 
 — EuDL., Gen., n. 6789. — Laca/ra BpEEua., 
 &yst., ii. 332. — Tylotcea Voa., in Linnma, xiii. 
 
 312. Calyx swollen, with five narrowly ilnbri' 
 cated lobes or teeth. Stamens ten, fertile. 
 Fruit flattened, coriaceous dehiscent, or mem-, 
 branous indehiscent. Leaves two-lobed or 2- 
 foliolate. Species fifteen, all climbing, lianas, 
 with simple racemes, from tropical America. 
 (AuBl., Gwian., t. 144, 145. — K., in Ann. Sc. 
 Nat., ser. 1, i. 48; Mimos., t. 469. — H. B. K., 
 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 319. — BoNff., in Mem. 
 Acad. Petrop., ser. 6, vi. 109. — -Jacq., Amer., 
 t. 173, fig. 8. — LiNDl., in Bot. Beg., t. 1133.— 
 MoEic, PI. Nouv. Amer., t. 53.— MiQ., Stirp. 
 Swrin., t. 2.) 
 
 " MuT., in DC, Prodr., ii. 519. In B. pe- 
 tiolata (Amaria petiolata MrT.), Mtttis makes 
 the stamens monadulplious at the base, and the 
 gynteceum stipitate, excentric. 
 
 ' Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 295. 
 
 ' K., in Aim. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, i. 85. — Endl., 
 Gen., n. 6791. 
 
 ' This section contains seven or eight species 
 of nnarmed erect trees or shrubs from Mexico 
 and the Antilles. Leaves entire or two-lobed. 
 Bud coriaceous, bivalve, often narrow. (L., 
 Sort. Cliff., t. 15.— Mill., Icon., t. 61.— Cat., 
 Icon., t. 404-407.— Jacq., Eort. Schoenbr., t. 
 
 100.— H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 319. 
 
 Hook., in Bot. Mag., t. 1708.) 
 
 '» Benth., Gen., 576, 6. Section of one 
 climbing cirrhose species, with flowers in simple 
 or forked racemes, and an elongated coriaceous 
 bivalve pod. It comes from tropical Asia {B. 
 macrostachya Wail., Cat., n. 5774 ; — B. scan- 
 dens RoxB., Fl. Ind., ii. 326). 
 
LBQUMINOSM-CmSALPINIBM. 
 
 113 
 
 SwuMnia {Casparia) porrecta. 
 
 are three fertile stamens; tlie rest are sterile, and the calyx is re- 
 curved ; while the insertion of the gynaeceum, central in Casparia, is 
 here excentric. F/ianera^ resembles Zowo- 
 calyx in the insertion of the pistil ; but 
 its calyx splits to the base into long straps, 
 while it is only shortly five-cleft in the 
 former section. In Lasiolemd the receptacle 
 is shallow, and the number of stamens is 
 often reduced to five, of which the three 
 anterior are alone fertile. The gynseceura, 
 which is often pauciovulate, has behind it 
 a large gland of variable form. 
 
 Thus constituted/ the genus Bauldnia 
 consists of some hundred and twenty-five 
 species* of erect or climbing trees or shrubs 
 from all tropical countries. The stem is 
 often flattened and deformed," and there are 
 often simple cirrhi or tendrils at the base 
 of the inflorescence. The leaves are simple 
 alternate, with a variable number of digitate basilar ribs, entire or 
 
 Fia. SB. 
 Flower. 
 
 ' LoTTB., ¥1. Cochinch., 46. — SympJiyopoda 
 DC, Mem. Legvm., xiii. t. 70 j Prodr., ii. 515. 
 Fertile stamens four or five, the rest sterile or 
 altogether absent. Pod coriaceous bivalve. This 
 section comprises some forty species from tr(ipi 
 cal Asia and Africa, and from the Cape. Un 
 armed shrubs either sarmentose and cirrhose or 
 erect, with entire or two-lobed leaves. (Vaiii., 
 Symb. Bot., iii. t. 62.— Wioht, Icon., t. 263, 
 264.— Wall., PI. Asiat. Bar., t. 253. — Koeth 
 Verfi. Nat. Gesch. Bot., t. 10, 11, 23, 24.— 
 Benth., in PI. Jungh., 263 (part.) ; Fl. SongJc. 
 99.— Haet. & SoHB., Fl. Cap., ii. 375 \B. 
 Bwlceana'].) [For the African species of this 
 genus see also Olit., Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 285.] 
 
 ^ KoKTH., ex MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. p. 1, 71. 
 This section might perhaps be raised to the rank 
 of a distinct genus. The flowers have a very 
 shallow receptacle. In L. emgumea Geiee., 
 the calyx is gamosepalous, five toothed; the 
 petals are markedly imbricate, with the vexillary 
 internal. There are five stamens, alternipetalous, 
 of which the three anterior alone have fertile 
 introrse anthers. The two posterior are short 
 tongues, which may even be absent. Between 
 these two, in the middle line against the pla- 
 centary edge of the ovary, is a large projecting 
 gland. The stipitate ovary is somewhat excentri- 
 cally inserted ; it contains two descending ana- 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 tropous ovules, and ends in a bowed snbnlate 
 style. The fruit is short, flattened, and inde- 
 hisceut. Lasiobema consists of cirrhose climbing 
 shrubs, with a compressed undulate stem, entire 
 and two-lobed leaves, and numerous small flowers, 
 in ramified racemes. Only one species is known 
 (RoxB., PI. Coromandel., t. 285). By the 
 above features Lasiobema affords a transition 
 between Bawkinia proper and the genera iSin- 
 dora and Detarium of the series Copaiferece. 
 
 1. Pauletia. 
 
 2. Perlebia. 
 
 3. Adenolobui. 
 
 4. Schnella. 
 
 5. Pileosligma. 
 
 6. Lysiphyllwm. 
 
 7. Amaria. 
 paria. 
 
 Sect. 11. \ 
 
 9. Loxocalyx. 
 
 10. Phanera. 
 
 11. Lasiobema. 
 
 * DC, Prodr., ii. 512.— GuiSEB., Fl. Brit. 
 W. Ind., 213.— Haet. & Sond., Fl. Cup., ii. 
 275, 596. — BoiLE, in Pet. Moss. Bot., i. 22.— 
 Walp., Rep., i. 847; ii. 904; v. 572; Ann., i. 
 258; ii. 448; iv. 602.— Olit., loo. cit. 
 
 * See Sohlbid., Grundz., ed. 3, ii. 167, fig- 
 
114 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 two-lobed, more rarely bifoliolate with tlie petiole prolonged into a 
 point between the two symmetrical leaflets ; the lateral stipules 
 vary in form, and are often small and caducous. The flowers are 
 racemes, simple and axillary or terminal, or ramified and terminal. 
 
 Griffonia^ comes very near Bauldnia, from which it is distinguished 
 by its subcampanulate imbricated calyx, inserted on top of the tubular 
 receptacle. The five petals are nearly equal, and are also imbricate. 
 The ten stamens, inserted in the throat of the receptacle, are free and 
 fertile, with versatile introrse two-celled anthers. The gynseceum, 
 too, is inserted on the edge of the receptacular tube on the side 
 opposite to the vexillary petal. The ovary, borne on a long foot, 
 coniains an indefinite number of ovules, whose placenta is on the 
 side next the receptacular cavity ; it is surmounted by a short style, 
 tapering at the apex. The fruit is a stipitate obliquely oblong 
 turgid bivalve few-seeded pod. Griff onia consists of two or three 
 species of climbing shrubs from the west of tropical Africa,^ with 
 alternate simple coriaceous leaves, and flowers in simple or compound 
 racemes, terminal, axillary, or more or less supra-axillary. 
 
 Qercis Siliquastrum. 
 
 Fia. 87. 
 Inflorescence. 
 
 Pia. 88. 
 Longitudinal section of flower (^). 
 
 The flowers of the Judas Tree (Cercis,^ Fr., Gamier; figs. 87-91) 
 
 151. — LiNDi., Introd. to Bot., 78, fig. 35. — 
 
 A. Rich., Mem., ed. 9, i. 85. — Duch., MUm., 
 ■ 166, fig. 77.— Nktto (L.), in Ann. Sc. Nat., 
 
 s^r. 4, XX. 177; in Compt. Mend. Acad. Sc, 
 14 Mai, 1866. 
 
 ' H. Bit., in Adansonia, vi. 188, t. 2 (nee 
 
 B. H.). — Sandeircea Welw., ex B. H., &en., 
 577, 1003, n. 335.— Olit., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 
 284. 
 
 2 H. Bn., loc. eit., 229.— Beitth., in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc, xxv. 30, t. 40. Despite the date 
 printed on tliese Trcmsactions the paper was 
 published considerably before Bentham & 
 Hookee's Q-enera, in which the generic name 
 BandeirtEa figures for the first time. Hence the 
 priority belongs altogether to the name &rif- 
 fonia. 
 
 3 Cercis L., Gen. a. 510.— J., Gen., 351. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-C^SA LPINIBjE. 
 
 lis 
 
 Cercis SiUguasfrmn. 
 
 are fairly like ttose of Bauhinia, with an obliquely turbinate recep- 
 tacle, lined by a glandular disk thickened at the rim. . The calyx is 
 gamosepalous, bladder-shaped, and swollen anteriorly. It is divided 
 only at the top into five obtuse teeth, which 
 are imbricated in the very young bud. The 
 corolla consists of five petals, in form resem- 
 bling those of a papilionaceous corolla, but 
 so arranged in bud that the posterior and 
 smallest petal is inside the two lateral petals, 
 which are themselves overlapped by the 
 outer pair. Each consists of an elongated 
 claw, and a limb which is subauricalate at 
 the base. The stamens are free, in two 
 whorls. Each consists of a declinate peri- 
 gynous filament, and an introrse two-celled 
 anther of longitudinal dehiscence. The 
 gynseceum, inserted near the bottom of the 
 receptacle,' though curving towards its ante- 
 rior wall in the expanded flower, consists of a 
 shortly stipitate ovary, containing anatropous 
 ovules^ arranged in two rows down its pos- 
 terior wall, and a terminal bowed style, 
 whose stigmatiferous apex looks backwards. 
 The pod is narrow elongated and stipitate, 
 edged by a narrow rib down the placentary angle ; it dehisces at 
 first down the dorsal angle, and later (not constantly) down the 
 ventral. The shortly funiculate seeds contain within their coats a 
 coloured embryo, surrounded by thick subcorneous albumen.^ This 
 genus consists of unarmed trees or shrubs from Europe, temperate 
 Asia, and North America. Three or four species are known.* The 
 
 Fia. 91. 
 Longitudinal 
 section of seed. 
 
 Gjeetk., 3rv,ot., ii. 303, t. 144. — Lamk., Diet., 
 ii. 585; Siippl., ii. 694; HI., t. 328. — DC, 
 Frodr., ii. 518. — Spach, Suit, a Suffon, i. 124. 
 — Endi., Qen., n. 6750.— B. H., Gen., 576, n. 
 834. — Siliquastrvm Gesn". — T., Instit., 646, t. 
 414. — Adaks., Fern, des Fl., ii. 317. 
 
 ' In C. canadensis there is a far larger pro- 
 portion of the reeeptacular sac hetween the foot 
 of the gynfficeum and the vexillary petal than 
 on the other side of it ; and, as in Bauhinia 
 and Oriffoma, it is on the side of the ovary 
 directed towards this larger depression that 
 
 the ovnles are inserted. (See Adansonia, ix 
 223.) 
 
 ^ They have two coats, and the micropyle is 
 upwards and outwards. 
 
 ■' The chalazal projection seen in figa. 90, 91, 
 is the result of an inconstant hypertrophy of the 
 external integument. 
 
 ■• Dtjham., Arbr., t. 1. — Sibth., Fl. Ghrcec, 
 t. 367.— Hook., in Sot. Mag., t. 1198.— V. 
 HOTJTTE, Fl. des Serres, viii. t. 849. — A. Gray, 
 Unit. States Fxpl. Fxjped., Bot. ii. t 3. — 
 Walp., Mep., i. 808. 
 
 I 2 
 
116 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 leaves are alternate, simple, entire or two-lobed, witli membranoiis 
 or scaly caducous lateral stipules. Thfe flowers form short, simple 
 or compound racemes (fig. 87), inserted on the branches, or on 
 rugose prominences from the boughs and trunk.' 
 
 VI. CASSIA SERIES. 
 
 Cassia' (Fr., Casse ; figs. 92-105) has irregular hermaphrodite 
 flowers. The receptacle is slightly convex or flat on top, or even 
 
 Fig. 92. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 slightly concave. The calyx consists of five sepals, near!} always 
 unequal and quincuncially imbricated in the bud. As the flower is 
 resupinate, one is anterior ; this is sepal 1, which is the smallest of 
 all, as may be seen in any of these species of Cassia which are 
 commonly cultivated in our flower gardens, especially C. fiorihundc? 
 
 • Tliese prominences correspond to old leaf 
 axils. These, as in numerous generations of 
 inflorescences, follow each other every year ; and 
 their axes, which remain very short, are gradually 
 confounded into a more or less prominent mass. 
 Thus we have to do with successive series of 
 inflorescences occupyintr the same seat. 
 
 2 CoHsia, T., Inst., 619, t. 392.— L., Gen., 
 n. 514. — Adanb., Fam. des Ft, ii. 317. — ^J., 
 Q-en., 348.— G^EM., M'uct., ii. 313, t. 146, 
 147. — Lamk., Diet., i. 641; Suppl., ii. 124 j 
 
 III., t. 332.— DC, Proir., ii. 489.— Coilad. 
 Monogr. des Causes, Montpell., 1816, icon. — 
 Spaoh, Suit, a Buffbn, i. 113. — VoUEi,, Si/n. 
 Gen. Cassia3, in Linncea, xi. 651. — Endi,., Qen., 
 n. 6781.— B. H., Qen., 571, 1003, n. 326 (inel. : 
 Herpetica Rumps., Bactyrilobium W., Cathar- 
 tocarpus Pees., Chamimcrisla E. Met. (nee 
 DC), Qrimaldia Sche., Fsilorhegma VoG., 
 Macleaya MoNTEOtrz., Senna T.). 
 
 ^ Cav., ex CoLLAD., op. cit., 88. — DC, Prodr., 
 11. 22. — C. corymbosa Oet., Dec. 124. 
 
LEGUMINOSM-G^SALFINIE^. 117 
 
 (figs. 92-95). It is completely outside the two lateral sepals 
 (4 and 3), of which. 4 is overlapped on both sides, while 3 overlaps 6 
 on the other ; this last petal is posterior, like 2, which, overlaps on 
 both sides. Sepal 2 is a little larger than 1, while 4 and 5 are much 
 the thinnest and largest of all.' The corolla consists of five 
 alternating petals, which may be of nearly equal sizes or else 
 
 Cassia floribunda. 
 
 Fia. 93. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fi&. 94. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fig. 95. 
 Longitudinal section of fruit. 
 
 unequal: the posterior, termed the vexillary petal, is quite in- 
 ternal in the bud, usually most dissimilar to the rest : while the 
 enveloping lateral petals are symmetrical to one another ; they are 
 overlapped by the anterior pair, of which again one overlaps the other 
 along the anterior edge (fig. 94). The androceum consists of two 
 quinary whorls of stamens, five superposed to the sepals, five to the 
 petals. Of the former set the three superposed to the anterior sepals 
 are fertile and usually the largest of all ; of the latter the four anterior, 
 though much smaller, are also fertile. The remaining three are 
 represented by little membranous sterile scales. Of the seven fertile 
 stamens each possesses a free hypogynous filament, which is longer 
 and more curved as it is more anterior ; and a basifixed tetragonal 
 two-celled anther, at first divided into four locelli, and opening at the 
 apex, which forms a beak of variable form, by two short clefts that 
 unite on top, so as to mark out a little introrse triangular flap with its 
 base downwards.^ The ovary, supported on a foot of variable length 
 
 ' On the floral symmetry of Cassia, see 
 H. Bit., in Adamoma, \\. 212. 
 
 " Tlie pollen consists of elongated grains in 
 three, or more rarely one or two furrows. 
 H. MoHL (Ana. So. Nat., s^r. 2, iii. 342,) dis- 
 
 tinguishes these species of the genus Cassia, 
 where the grains when moistened become 
 spheres with three smooth bands (C, Trinitatis), 
 and those where the bands are papillate (C. 
 hiflora, Iccmigaia, marylandiea.-j 
 
118 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0EY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Cassia (Senma) oiovata. 
 
 and curvature, is surmounted by a style which is tapering, or more 
 rarely dilated and capitate, or ciliate at its stigmatiferous apex.' On 
 the posterior wall of the ovary cell is a longitudinal placenta bearing 
 on both of its vertical lips a row of anatropous ovules, indefinite in 
 number, with their micropyles looking outwards from the hilum.' 
 The pod of Cassia is very variable in form, thickness, and consistency ; 
 it is dehiscent or indehiscent, with the pericarp more or less promi- 
 nent or hypertrophied between the indefinite seeds, to form as many 
 chambers, in each of which is a transverse or oblique funicled seed, 
 with coats of variable thickness, lined by thick fleshy or horny 
 
 aibumen enclosing an embryo. This has a 
 straight radicle and parallel, flat or undulate 
 cotyledons. The species that must be 
 retained in this genus' are at least two 
 hundred in number. They may present 
 great differences in flower^ and fruit from 
 those described above, and it is on these 
 diff'erences that a certain number of sections 
 have been founded, which are considered as 
 distinct genera by more than one author. 
 Thus the Sennas^ (Ft., Senes ; figs. 96-102) possess seven fertile 
 stamens, of which the anterior are most developed, with the fruits 
 bivalve or often incompletely dehiscent, and containing vertically or 
 horizontally flattened seeds. This section has been subdivided into 
 C/iamessenna," in whose bivalve, often much flattened pod the seeds 
 are also compressed parallel with the valves ; Chamcsfistula,'' whose 
 pod opens incompletely, and contains horizontally flattened seeds ; 
 
 Via. 
 Longitudinal section of flower (|) 
 
 ' In C. fiorihunda tlie summit of the style 
 is a long narrow hollow cone opening by a little 
 terminal pore. 
 
 2 They have two coats. 
 
 3 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 337.— 
 Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 280. — Haet. & SoM)., 
 M. Cap., ii. 271. — Walp., JScp., i. 812 j ii. 
 904 ; V. 559 ; Ann., i. 257 ; ii. 443 ; iv. 595. 
 
 ^ We have been able to follow the develop- 
 ment of the flower, and the symmetry of its 
 parts in C. florihunda, and have found that the 
 flower has two planes of symmetry, intersecting 
 at an angle of 36°. The one belongs only to 
 the calyx, passing between sepals 1 and 3 , and 
 bisecting 2. The other is antero-posterior, di- 
 viding the corolla, androceum, and gynseceum 
 into two symmetrical halves. 
 
 Gjeetn., Fmct., ii. 312, t. 146. — 
 EOXB., Fl. Ind., ii. 339. — Eatka, in Bot. Zeit. 
 (1854), 12; Mon. der Cassien Grvppe Senna, 
 Prague (1866). — Benth., Qen., 572, 2. To 
 this Behtham adds the section Herpetica (DC, 
 Prodr., ii. 492). 
 
 ^ DC, loo. cit., 493, sect. v. — Jacq., Icon., 
 t. 74, 460 ; BoH. Sehaenhr., t. 203, 270.— K., 
 Mimos., t. 41-43. — Goliad., op. cit., t. 3, 7, 
 11. — BiBCH., in Bot. Zeit. (1850), t. 10. — Bot. 
 Mag., t. 810, 1829, 2638. — Bot. Beg., t. 109, 
 1310. 
 
 ' DC, loo. cit., 490, sect. ii. — Jacq., Icon., 
 t. 70-73.— K., Mimos., t. 38-40.— Collad., 
 op. cit., t. 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13.— Sweet., Fl. 
 Austral, t. 32. — Bot. Mag., t. 633. — Bot. Beg., 
 t. 83, 856. 
 
LEOUMmOS^- O^SALPINIE^. 
 
 119 
 
 and Prososperma,^ whose narrow cylindrical pod contains elongated 
 compressed seeds. 
 
 Cassia (Semia) obovata. 
 
 Fia. 97. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 The fruits of Cathartocarpus' (Purging Cassia, or Pudding-pipe Tree, 
 figs. 103-105), on the contrary, are nearly or quite cylindrical, with 
 very thick woody indehiscent walls, and a cavity separated by tough 
 transverse false dissepiments into low chambers, each enclosing a seed 
 which is flattened from above downwards, and more or less coin- 
 shaped or nunimuliform. Here the stamens are all fertile, but the 
 three anterior have better developed anthers and much more elon- 
 gated filaments.' 
 
 In the section Absus* all the ten stamens are fertile, and nearly 
 
 ^ Voa., loc. cit., — Jacq., Icon., iii. t. 459. 
 
 2 Pees., S^n., i. 459. — Bactyrilolium W., 
 Mmim. Sort. Berol., 439. — Fistula DC, 
 loc. cit., 489, sect. i. — G^btn., Fruct., ii: 313, 
 t. 147 — Wi&HT, Illustr., t. 83, Icon., t. 252, 
 269. — COLLAB., op. cit,, t. 1. — HANBtTBT, in 
 Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiv. t. 26. 
 
 ^ The anterior filaments are dilated about 
 half way up, into a sort of globular appendage. 
 
 C. Brewsteri F. MtTEll.., javamica L., 
 542 (part.). — DC, Prod/r., u. 7. — C. nodosa 
 RoxB. — C. BacillMs Qmvi^.,' Fmet., ii. 313. — 
 WiOHT, Icon., t. 410, Arereh Del. (A. BiOH., 
 Fl. Abyss. Tent., t. 47), etc. 
 
 ■• Voa., loc. cit. — Jacq., Fclog., i. t. 53. — 
 Saseophylhim DC, op. cit., 500, sect. vi. — 
 CoMAB., op. cit., 115, t. 14. 
 
120 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 equal, with short filaments bearing anthers that dehisce by two 
 short clefts near the apex. The pod is flattened and bivalve ; and the 
 seeds, which are often obliqae, are compressed parallel with the 
 valves. 
 
 Cassia (Senna) amtifoUa. 
 
 Cassia (Seniia) angustifoLia, 
 
 Cassia (Slerma) 
 ovalifulia. 
 
 Pia. 98. 
 Leaflet. 
 
 Fia. 100. 
 Fruit. 
 
 (\ 
 
 Fia. 101. 
 Leaflet. 
 
 In Fsilorhegma} the ten stamens are also fertile, and like those of 
 Ahsvs, and the pod is compressed and bivalve; but the seeds are 
 transverse. 
 
 Chamescristd- has nearly the flowers of Psilorhegma ; but the sepals 
 /aper at the apex instead of being obtuse, and the flowers are 
 axillary or lateral, solitary or few together. The compressed pod 
 usually tapers towards either end, and dehisces in two valves. 
 
 Thus constituted, the genus Cassia comprises, it is said, upwards 
 of four hundred species ; but this number should, as we have seen, 
 be reduced to less than half. They are shrubs, or more rarely trees 
 or herbs, natives of all warm countries, especially tropical America. 
 Their alternate leaves are paripinnate, or else have no blade, while the 
 petiole expands into a phyllode. The stipules are very variable in 
 
 ' Voo., loe. cit. — B. H., Gen., 573, 3.— 
 Macleaya Mostteoitz., Fl. Ins. Art., in Mem. 
 Ac. I/yon, x. 199. All the species of this section 
 are Asiatic or Australian (Reiohb., Icon. 'Exot., 
 t. 206;— CoLi., Sort. Sipul, t. 10, 11;— 
 Gattdioh., in Frei/.cin. Voy. Sot., t. Ill ; — 
 Bot. Mag., t. 2676;— -Bo*. Ueg., t. 1822), 
 except C. Afocouita AtTBi/. (Guian., 879, t. 
 146; — C. Acwmimita W. ; — C. nitida Rich.; — 
 C. ramiflora VoG.), which is a native of tropical 
 America. 
 
 ^ DC, op. cit., 500, sect. ^iii. — E. Met., 
 Comm. Fl. Afrie. Austr., 158. — Jaoq., Sort. 
 Schaenbr., t. 480.— K., Mimos., t. 86, 37. — 
 COLIAD., op. cit., t. 9, 16-20. — Qrimaldia 
 SoHEANCK, in Milnch. Denks. (1808), 103 
 (part.). — In this section the sepals are almost 
 constantly acute or acuminate — a character of 
 but little importance, but convenient for sys- 
 tematic purposes, as it is very rare in the other 
 sections, whose sepals are generally rounded at 
 the apex. 
 
LJEGUMINOSJE-G^SALPINIEJJJ. 
 
 lai 
 
 size and form, and the petioles often bear cupuliform or peltate 
 glands. The flowers are sometimes solitary, or few together, axil- 
 lary, sometimes in axillary or terminal simple racemes. More rarely 
 
 Cassia (^Cathartocarpus) Msiula (^Purging Cassia). 
 
 Fia. 103. ■ 
 Habit (i). 
 
 the leaves to which the racemes are axillary, are ill. developed or re- 
 placed by bracts towards the ends of the branches, the whole inflores- 
 cence becoming a terminal ramified raceme. Each flower is axillary 
 to a bract, and is often accompanied by two lateral bractlets. 
 
 Fetalostyles labicheoides,^ an Australian shrub, has alternate impari- 
 pinnate leaves,^ and solitary axillary pedunculate flowers, altogether 
 like those of Cassia, with five sepals and five petals, both imbricated; 
 and an androceum, whose three outer stamens are fertile, while the 
 
 ' R. Bb., in Append. Sturt Mxped., 17. — Benth., M. Austral, ii. 292.— B. H., Gen., 573, n. 
 327.— Walp., Ann., ii. 442. 
 * The leaflets are also alternate. 
 
122 
 
 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 posterior pair have sterile acuminate anthers. But the pluriovulate 
 ovary is surmounted by a petaloid style, which is dilated above it 
 into a sort of irregular sac or hood,' whose median lobe, longer than 
 
 Cassia (Cathartoca^pus) Fistula. 
 
 Fia. 104. 
 Fruit (1). 
 
 Fi&. 105. 
 Longitudinal section of fruit. 
 
 the lateral ones, ends in a little stigmatic surface. The flattened 
 oblong-linear bivalve pod contains numerous seeds, whose long 
 funicles are dilated into arils, and which are filled by horny albumen, sur- 
 rounding an embryo with a straight radicle and flattened cotyledons. 
 
 ' Like the hood formed by the posterior sepal 
 in the Aconites. At first the ovary of Fetalo- 
 styles is surmounted by a slender capitate style, 
 whose apex then gradually bends down towards 
 the placenta, while its two edges increase 
 in breadth all the way up, the membranous 
 
 gutter now formed by the style having its con- 
 cavity towards the centre of the flower, so that 
 later on the back of the hood is anterior. As 
 Petalostyles differs in no other respect from 
 Cassia, it might, perhaps, be not amiss to make 
 it a mere section of the genus. 
 
LUGVMINOS^-OMBALPINIEM. 
 
 123 
 
 The flowers oi Labichea^ (figs. 106, 107) also come very near those 
 of Cassia, and may be pentamerous or tetramerous. The calyx and 
 corolla are imbricated in the bud, and the posterior petal, internal in 
 ihe bud, differs from the rest in size and colour. The number of 
 stamens is reduced to two, placed close against the posterior sepal ; 
 each consists of a short free filament and an elongated basifixed two- 
 celled anther, dehiscing by apical pores." The gynseceum is formed 
 of an ovary containing two or three descending ovules, and surmounted 
 
 Ldbichea cassioides. 
 
 Fig. 107. 
 Lonoritnd'mal section of flower. 
 
 by a style with a tapering stigmatiferous apex. The fruit is elon- 
 gated, flattened, and bivalve, containing one or two seeds, whose 
 funicle is dilated around the hilum, and whose embryo is surrounded 
 by hard albumen. Labichea consists of unarmed shrubs or under- 
 shrubs, with imparipinnate or subdigitate leaves, which may even 
 only possess one leaflet. The flowers form short racemes in the axils 
 of the leaves ; each flower is axillary to a caducous bract, and is 
 accompanied by two sterile bractlets. The five known species are 
 Australian.^ 
 
 Very near to the flower of Cassia is that of Bicorynia,^ with its 
 five thick much-imbricated sepals, and only three (superior) petals. 
 The androceum consists of only two stamens, nearly hypogynous, 
 whose thick, elongated, unequally bowed, warty or rugose, extrorse 
 two-celled anthers dehisce by two short subapical clefts, and are 
 supported by thick filaments, one of them being much the longer. The 
 
 ' Gaudich., in Freycin. Voy. Bot., 485, t. 
 112.— DC, Fro3/r., ii. 507.— Endl., <?em., n. 
 6782.— B. H., aen., 573, n. 328. 
 
 ' These stamens, though seemingly super- 
 posed to the two posterior sepals, are always un- 
 equal, and appear as if of different ages; the 
 anther of one of them is acuter and narrower, 
 and oftentimes contains no pollen. 
 
 ' Benth., Fiwum. PI. Siigel., 41 ; Fl. Aus- 
 tral., ii. 292. — Paxt., Mag. Bot., x. 149, icon. — 
 LiNDL. & Paxt., Fl. Qa/rd., t. 52. — Meissw., 
 in Sot. Zeit. (1855), 12. — Walp., Uep., i. 841 ; 
 V. 561 ; Ann., ii. 442 ; iv. 600. 
 
 * Benth., in SooTc. Jowrn., ii. 82. — EifDl., 
 Gen., n. 6772'.— B. H., Gen., 571, i.. 324. 
 
124 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 pauciovulate ovary tapers into a style which is undilated at its stig- 
 matiferous apex. The dorsal rib of the flattened obliquely oval 
 coriaceous one- or two-seeded pod is edged by a narrow wing. The 
 seeds are organized as in Cassia. Three or four species of JDicorynia 
 have been described, handsome trees from North Brazil and Guiana,' 
 whose alternate imparipinnate leaves have few coriaceous leaflets, 
 and whose flowers are grouped into immense terminal compound 
 ramified racemes. 
 
 Martia'' (figs. 108-110) has flowers closely resembling those of the 
 preceding genera, the receptacle and insertion being as in Cassia. The 
 
 Martia excelsa. 
 
 Via. 108. 
 Flower. 
 
 Fia. 109. 
 Diagram. 
 
 FiQ. 110. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 calyx consists of five free sepals, all of nearly the same breadth,' and 
 pretty thick, except towards the edges ; these are slightly imbricated, 
 and sometimes even valvate towards the base. The free petals are 
 very decidedly imbricated, and are nearly equal in size, except the 
 posterior one, which is internal in the bud, and a little broader than 
 the rest. The androceum consists of four stamens, two posterior 
 and two lateral,'' each composed of a distinctly hypogynous filament, 
 short stumpy and subpyramidal, and an elongated sub-basifixed 
 introrse anther, two-celled, though below divided into four locelli, 
 and dehiscing by two short pore-like clefts near its acuminate apex. 
 
 Waip., Hep., V. 562. There are probably 
 only two species. 
 
 ^ Bbnth,, in IIooTc. Jowm., ii. 146 (nee 
 Leandb., nee SpKENa., nee Zuoo.) — Enbl., 
 Qen., n. 68122.— B. h., Got., 571, n. 323.— 
 Martiusa Behth., loe. cit., 84. 
 
 ' The anterior sepal is, however, a little 
 narrower than the rest (fig. 109). 
 
 ^ The outer stamen may be sometimes 
 developed; it is generally wanting ia M. 
 excelsa from Guiana. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-O^SALPINIE^. 125 
 
 The sessile or subsessile ovary ends in a subulate style, undilated at 
 its stigmatiferous apex, and contains one or more descending 
 anatropous ovules attached by funicles, and with their micropyles 
 upwards and outwards. The fruit is a flattened oblong or oval thin 
 coriaceous indehiscent pod, whose sutures are indicated by two pro- 
 minent ribs, with their concavities facing, and their convexities pro- 
 duced into a continuous wing forming an uninterrupted frame all round 
 the pericarp. Inside are one or more flattened reniform seeds, whose 
 fleshy embryo has a short straight radicle, and is surrounded by a 
 thin layer of albumen. Of the two known species of the genus one 
 is from Brazil, the other from Guiana;' both are unarmed trees, 
 whose imparipinnate leaves have very caducous stipules. The flowers 
 are collected in numbers at the ends of the branches in large branch- 
 ing compound racemes ; each flower is axillary to a very caducous 
 elongated bract. 
 
 The flower of StorcMella," though usually tetramerous, or more 
 rarely di- or tri-merous, comes very near Martia ; but its calyx 
 and corolla, imbricated in the bud, are inserted on the rim 
 of a cup-shaped receptacle, in the bottom of which is inserted 
 the gynseceum. The stamens are usually ten in number^ in the first 
 known species, 8. vitiensis Seem. In a second species from New 
 Caledonia, 8. Pancheri* there are usually only four alternipetalous 
 stamens, as in Martia ; it has accordingly been placed in a distinct 
 section, under the name of Boffa. In both species the stamens 
 consist of a free filament and an introrse two-celled anther, each cell 
 of which opens by a short cleft in the upper part of the longitudinal 
 groove on its face. The shortly stipulate ovary contains an indefinite 
 number of anatropous ovules, whose micropyles look upwards and 
 outwards. It is surmounted by a style with an obtuse stiguiatiferous 
 apex. The fruit is an elongated compressed coriaceous valved pod, 
 expanded along its placentary edge into a wing. It contains a 
 variable number of seeds, with pretty long funicles, containing 
 within the seed-coats, a greenish embryo surrounded by fleshy 
 albumen. The genus StorcMella consists of Oceanian trees, whose 
 
 . ' W^LP., Hep., i. 841. — FiElD. & Gabbn., ^ There are sometimes eleven, twelve, or even 
 
 Sert. Plant., t. 11. more. 
 
 " Seem., in Sonplandia, ix. 255 j a. 363, * H. Bn., loe. eit.— Cassia Pancheri Viell. 
 
 t. 6; M. Viiiens., 68, t. 13.— B. H., Gen., 571, (ex B.U.,loc.cit.).—I>ogamacrosiemmaPAVCS., 
 
 1003, n. 325.— H. Bn., in Adamsonia, ix. 204. herb. 
 
126 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 alternate imparipinnate leaves have coriaceous leaflets and little 
 caducous stipules.' The flowers form compound ramified racemes at 
 the ends of the branches ; the accompanying bracts and articulated 
 bractlets fall ofl" early. 
 
 The flower of Baudouinic^ has ten stamens' just as in Storckiella 
 vitiensis ; but they are hypogynous as in Martia, and somewhat 
 unequal in length.^ The gynseceum is shortly stipitate like that of 
 Storckiella, and its ovary contains three or four descending ovules 
 separated by oblique false dissepiments, and the fleshy stipitate fruit 
 is divided into as many one-seeded chambers. The two known 
 species, natives of the islands to the east of South Africa, have not 
 altogether the general habit and foliage of Leffuminosa. They are 
 small trees possessing shortly-petiolate simple entire leaves, and with 
 two little lateral caducous stipules. The flowers are axillary, in few- 
 flowered false racemes. 
 
 Buparquetia,^ though with a convex receptacle and hypogynous 
 perianth, comes equally near Cassia and Storckiella. But its 
 corolla presents an anomaly which is rare in CcRsalpiniem ; its prseflora- 
 tion is vexillary. The five petals are very unequal and dissimilar f 
 around these are four sepals of which the two lateral, irregular and dis- 
 similar,' are overlapped by the posterior, while this is again overlapped 
 by the anterior which is largest of all. The androceum consists of 
 a variable number of hypogynous triadelphous stamens ; there are 
 often four, two lateral isolated, and two posterior united into one 
 bundle ; or this bundle may consist of three stamens. All have flattened 
 filaments, and introrse anthers dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts,' 
 Each cleft corresponds to a deep groove, which appears to divide the 
 cell completely into two locelli ; and each cell ends above in a long 
 point." The superior shortly stipitate ovary contains two superposed 
 
 1 The leaf-buds axillary to the leaves are * H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 189. — Oligo- 
 
 often very big and globular. stemon Benth., Qen., 570, 1002, n. 322; in 
 
 ^ H. Bn., in Adansoma, vi. 193, t. 5 ; viii. Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 305, t. 39 (post.). 
 
 301. — B, H., Gen., 1003, n. 326 a. ^ Especially the two anterior, which are very 
 
 ' More rarely only eight or nine. Each has small, with glandular-ciliate edges. We for- 
 
 an obconical or obj^ramidal filament, tapering merly considered them staminodes. 
 
 slowly though considerably towards the base, with ' On the anterior edge is a sort of irregular 
 
 a basifixed introrse two-celled anther, tapering wing or auricle. We formerly described them 
 
 and penicillate at the apex, and dehiscing by as external pieces of the corolla, 
 
 two longitudinal clefts, which extend down- ' These clefts only extend about half-way 
 
 wards by degrees. down the anther. 
 
 * Becoming shorter as they are more pos- ' For these reasons each cell may be taken for 
 
 terior. a distinct anther, as we formerly described it. 
 
LBQUMIN08M- CMBALFINmM. 
 
 127 
 
 Moldenhauera emargmaia. 
 
 ovules whose raicropyles look upwards and outwards; it is sur- 
 mounted by a tapering style, obtuse at the stigmatiferous apex. On 
 either side of the walls of the ovary is seen a pair of wings,^ which 
 become more marked in the fruit ; this has not yet been studied at 
 maturity. D. orc/iidaceaj' the only known species, is a lofty tree from 
 the west of tropical Africa. Its alternate imparipinnate leaves have 
 two lateral stipules. The flowers, which in form and colour recall those 
 of certain Orchids, are collected in terminal racemes.' 
 
 Next to this we shall place Moldenhauera,'* referred by some to 
 Sclerolobieee, from which, however, it is distinguished chiefly by the 
 convexity of its receptacle, and by the hy- 
 pogynous insertion of the perianth and 
 androceum resembling that of Baudouinia, 
 Martia, and Duparquetia. The flowers are 
 pentamerous or tetramerous (fig. Ill), 
 with valvate sepals, at first sticking to- 
 gether by their edges and then becoming 
 quite free down to the receptacle, unguicu- 
 late petals whose limbs are fringed and 
 lobed, auricled at the base, and much imbri- 
 cated in the bud, and two whorls of four or 
 five free stamens, superposed the one to the 
 sepals, the other to the petals ; the anterior 
 stamen, corresponding with the back of the 
 carpellary leaf, is enormously developed. Its 
 filament is incurved and ends in a fertile 
 or sterUe anther with a thick connective 
 often covered with hairs. The other seven or nine have short erect 
 filaments, and flattened sub-basifixed anthers, which dehisce near 
 the apex by a cleft prolonged downwards to an extent varying with 
 the genus, but which may be very short, as in Cassia. The ovary 
 is superior sessile and multiovulate, surmounted by a slender style, 
 inflexed or involute in the bud, with a slightly dilated or capitate 
 
 Pia. 111. 
 Flower (A). 
 
 ' The placenta corresponds to the groove, 
 separating the two posterior wings. 
 
 '^ H. Bn., Uc. (At., t. iv. fig. 1-4.— 0%o- 
 stemon, piotes Bbkth., ho. cit. — Omt., M. 
 Trap. Afr., ii. 267. 
 
 ^ In the lower part of each pedicel is an arti- 
 
 culation, below which it usually hears two ca- 
 ducous lateral bracts. 
 
 ■* ScHBAD.,in G-cetting. Anzeig. (1821), 718, 
 ex DC, Prod/r., ii. 488.— Etol., G-en., n. 6780. 
 — B. H., Q-en., 569, n. 319. — Bolichonema Nbbs, 
 in Flora (1821), 303. " 
 
128 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 eia precox. 
 
 stigmatiferous apex ; the fruit is not well known." This genus com- 
 prises two or three species^ from tropical America, especially Brazil, 
 unarmed trees whose pinnately compound or decompound leaves have 
 coriaceous leaflets and small caducous stipules. The flowers form 
 branching and compound racemes or false corymbs. 
 
 Apuleid has polygamous trimerous flowers. The receptacle forms 
 a little obconical pocket whose edges bear three sepals of which the 
 anterior overlaps the edges of the two others, and of these one over- 
 laps the other posteriorly (fig. 112): the petals are also three in number, 
 perigynous, alternating with the sepals, and slightly 
 imbricated in the bud. The androceum consists of 
 three (more rarely two) alternipetalous stamens, 
 each of a free filament suddenly tapering towards 
 its apex, by which it is inserted near the base of an 
 erect introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal de- 
 hiscence. The central gynseceum consists of a 
 shortly stipitate ovary containing a few descending 
 ovules'* and surmounted by a terminal style with a 
 slightly dilated stigmatiferous head. The fruit is 
 a flattened oval or oblong, thin coriaceous indehiscent one- or two- 
 seeded pod, whose dorsal edge is prolonged into a very narrow linear 
 wing. The seed, attached by a pretty long funicle, contains a 
 greenish embryo surrounded by a translucent albumen. Apuleia 
 consists of two or three species of unarmed trees from tropical 
 America.' Their flowers, often developed before the imparipinnate 
 leaves, are collected into lateral falso umbels on the sides of the 
 branches or in the axils of the leaves. 
 
 Bistemonanthui is a tree from tropical Africa whose flowers come 
 out before the alternate imparipinnate leaves, just as in Apuleia 
 prcBcoos, and possess an imbricated pentamerous calyx ; but they have 
 only the three posterior petals, the anterior being altogether absent 
 
 Fia. 112. 
 Diagram. 
 
 ' " Legumen (si rite Lie relatum) oblongum 
 plano-compressum eoriacenm, 2-viilve. Semina 
 transversa ovoidea" (B. H., Q-en., 570). This 
 description of the pod and seeds is taken from 
 PI. 94 of the seventh volume of Vellozo's 
 Flora Fluminensis [F/erocarpus). 
 
 2 POHL., Fl. Bras. Icon., ii. 90, t. 160.— 
 Waip., Sep., V. 559. 
 
 3 Maet., Merb. Fl. Bras., 123 (nee G^etn., 
 nee Less.). — Ekdl., Oen., n. 6759. — B. H., 
 
 Gen., 574, n. 330. — Zenlceria Aen., in Mag. 
 Zool. et Bot., ii. 548. 
 
 ^ Karely more than two. 
 
 * Vod., in Lirmaa, xi. 393 {Leptolobium). — 
 Wale., Rep., v. 571. 
 
 ^ Bbkth., Oen., 573, n. 329. The only known 
 species is 2>. Benthamianus, hitherto undescribeil. 
 [Olit. {Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 252) describes a second 
 species, -D. laxus Olit.] 
 
LEG UMINOS^- O^SALPINIEJJI. 
 
 129 
 
 Disfemonanthus 
 
 (fig. 113). The androceum is in two whorls, both very imperfect, 
 
 the posterior pieces being alone developed. Of the alternipetalous 
 
 whorl there are only two stamens fertile, each consisting of a thick 
 
 filament suddenly contracted at its apex almost as 
 
 in Jpuleia, and a sub-basifixed two-celled anther, 
 
 divided below into four distinct locelli, tapering 
 
 above where it opens by two very short introrse 
 
 clefts. The gynseceum consists of a shortly stipitate 
 
 ovary,' surmounted by a style with an oblique stig- 
 
 matiferous surface at the end. The fruit is as yet 
 
 unknown; the flowers form compound axillary 
 
 cymes. 
 
 Dialium" (figs. 114-119) must also be referred to 
 Cassiea, though its flower is yet more reduced than in Bistemonanihiis 
 and Apuleia, as it may consist of only a calyx of five imbricated sepals, 
 two lateral stamens^ and a carpel. The receptacle is somewhat variable 
 in form. In certain species it is regular or nearly so, forming a 
 
 Dialium (^Codarium) niiidum,* 
 
 Fia. 113. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Pig. 114. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fig. 115. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fig. 117. 
 
 Gjnaeceum 
 
 opened. 
 
 Pig. 116. 
 Flower, anterior petal cut 
 off through its hase. 
 
 shallow cup, with the gynseceum almost in the centre. In others it 
 becomes irregular ; and the gynseceum is inserted excentrically on 
 the side next the anterior sepal, while the receptacle forms a shallow 
 
 ' The insertion of the ovary is slightly oblique 
 and excentrie. Its cicatrix is elliptical. 
 
 ^ L., Mantiss., n. 1 240. — Abz., in Sohrad. «. 
 Journ., ii. 238. — J., Gen., 4s2i. — Lamk., Diet., 
 ii. tlh ; Suppl., ii. 467.— DC, Frodv., ii. 520.— 
 SSAOH, Suit, a Buffon, i. 130. — Bndi,., Gen., n. 
 6805.— B. H., Gen., 574, n. 331.— H. Bit., in 
 Adansonia, vi. 198. — Codarium SoLAKD., ap. 
 
 vol,. II. 
 
 Vahl, Mmm., i. 302 ; ii. 400. — Arz., loo. cit. 
 233.— K., Zwei Abhandl., 17, t. 2, fig. 6. — DC, 
 Prodr., ii. 520.— Endi., Gen., n. 6804. 
 
 ' There are said to be sometimes three. 
 
 * Figs. 114, 116, and 117 are taken from PI. 
 58 of Florm Senegamhim Tentamen. The dotted 
 lines in fig. 116 indicate the sepals. 
 
130 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 pit on the opposite side. It is between this pit and the two posterior 
 sepals that we find a little tongue-shaped petal in Codarium, which 
 was formerly considered a distinct genus.' The gynseceum in this 
 section is very excentric, shortly stipitate, and consists, as m 
 Bialium generally, of an ovary surmounted by a subulate style, which 
 is inflexed in the bud so that its scarcely dilated stigmatiferous apex 
 is bent backwards and downwards towards the placenta. This bears 
 two more or less oblique descending anatropous ovules with their 
 micropyles superior and exterior. The fruit is a nearly globular 
 berry, with a glabrous or velvety exocarp of variable thickness, and an 
 endocarp forming a sort of pulp surrounding one or two seeds. Withm 
 the seed-coats is a copious horny albumen surrounding a green 
 embryo with flattened cotyledons, which are more or less unsym- 
 metrical at the base and sometimes a little folded, and a short obtuse 
 swollen superior radicle. 
 
 DiaHum (Arouna) guianense. 
 
 Fio. 118. 
 Flower {\). 
 
 Fig. 119. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Arouna^ (figs. 118, 119) consists of American species ot Bialium in 
 which the floral receptacle is a little more flattened, and lined by a 
 thicker, less concave disk.' There is no corolla, and the flowers are 
 very small. 
 
 Bialium" consists of some seven or eight species of trees from the 
 tropics in Africa,* Asia,' and America. Their unarmed branches 
 bear alternate imparipinnate leaves with few leaflets. The stipules 
 
 ' We are told that it may sometimes have two. 
 
 2 AuBL., Chiian., i. 16, t. h.—Cleyeria Neck., 
 JSlem., n. 897. 
 
 3 Which brings it, as we shall see, nearer to 
 Ceraionia. 
 
 ■< Dialium divaricaium Vahi, Mwum., i. 303. — 
 DC. Prodr., n. 2. — Arouna guianensis Atjbl., 
 loc. eit. — A. divaricata W., Spec, i. 49. 
 
 ' GiriLi. & Peeb., F(. Seneg. Tent., i. 267. — 
 HooE., Niger, 329. — Webb, in SooTc. Journ., ii. 
 347.— Walp., Rep., i. 834; Aum., ii. 449.— Olit., 
 Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 282. 
 
 ^ BuEM., Fl. Ind., 12.— Sm., in Sees Cyclop., 
 
 V. and xi.'n. 1. — Benn., Fl.Jav. Sar., t. 30. 
 
 Thw., Fmm. PI. Zeyl., 97. 
 
LEGUMINOSJE-C^BALPINIE^. 
 
 131 
 
 are ill-developed or absent. The flowers form large axillary or 
 terminal branching compound racemes, and are accompanied by 
 caducous bracts and bractlets. 
 
 The Carob,' St. John's Tree, or Locust Tree (Fr., Caroubier ; figs. 
 120-122), has polygamo-dicecious flowers. In the hermaphrodite 
 
 Ceratonia SiUgua (Carob tree). 
 
 Fia. 120. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 the receptacle has a very peculiar form, like a large thick shallow 
 porringer lined by a large fleshy quoit-shaped disk, filling the whole 
 concavity of the receptacle.^ On the rim of this are inserted five 
 little thick sepals, at first imbricated in the bud, but early ceasing to 
 overlap. The androceum is composed of five stamens superposed to 
 the sepals, each consisting of a free subulate filament inserted under 
 
 ' Ceratonia L., &en.,-D. 1167. — J., O-en., 347. — 
 Lamk., Diet., i.635; Suppl., ii. 119; III., i. 859. — 
 GiBETK., Fruct., ii. t. 146.— DC, Mem. Legwm., 
 ii. t. 23, fig. 114 ; ProAr., ii. 486.— Spach, Suit. 
 a Bvffon, i. 109.— Endl., Qen., n. 6809.— B. H., 
 Gen., 574, n. 332.— Siliqua T., Instit., 578, t. 
 
 844. — Ceratia Plin., ex AuANS., J'am. des PI. 
 ii. 319. 
 
 - We pointed out above that the <ii.sk of 
 Aroima (figs. 118, 119) made it transitional 
 between the other species of Dialium and 
 Ceratonia (figs. 121, 122). 
 
 K 2 
 
132 
 
 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 the edge of the disk (fig. 122), and a versatile introrse two-celled 
 anther of longitudinal dehiscence.' The gynseceum, represented in 
 the male flower by a little conical projection from the central 
 depression of the disk, in the hermaphrodite and female flowers 
 consists of a stipitate ovary, tapering into a style which dilates at 
 the apex into a large stigmatiferous head notched on one side by 
 the longitudinal groove traversing the whole length of the placentary 
 edge of the gynEeceum. The placenta, alternating with two sepals, 
 bears an indefinite number of transverse or slightly descending 
 
 Ceratonia Siliqua. 
 
 Fia. 121. 
 Hermaphrodite flower (4). 
 
 Fia. 122. 
 Longitudinal section of hermaphrodite flower. 
 
 anatropous ovules, with their micropyles upwards and outwards.' 
 The fruit is a sort of elongated pod, straight or bowed, compressed, 
 with thickened sutures. The walls are drupaceous and indehiscent ; 
 the thin smooth epicarp covers a coriaceous mesocarp, more or less 
 gorged with a sweet pulp ; and the thin dry parchment-like endocarp 
 projects to form oblique or transverse false dissepiments between the 
 seeds. These are unequally obovate and compressed, attached by 
 long funicles ;^ within the thick seed-coats is an abundant horny 
 albumen, in the centre of which is a greenish embryo with flattened 
 cotyledons and a straight exserted radicle.^ C. Siliqutf is the only 
 known species of the genus ; it is a tree from the Mediterranean, 
 whose persistent paripinnate leaves have few coriaceous leaflets and 
 
 ' This anther, like that of the large anterior 
 stamen of Moldenhamera (fig. Ill), is in form 
 exceptional among Cassieee, hut this character of 
 itself can have no great value. 
 
 " Thny have two coats, and the rim of the 
 exostome is slightly thickened, like the circum- 
 ference of the hilura, which at a certain age 
 forms a well-marked collar around the funide. 
 
 3 The funicle is dilated a little before joining 
 the hilum. 
 
 * The cotyledons are more or less unsymme- 
 trical and auriculate at the base. The radicle is 
 often dilated towards the apex. 
 
 ' L., Spec, 1513. — DUHAM., Arir., ii. t. 70. 
 —Cay., Icon., t. 113.— Biackw., Serb., t. 209. 
 — Fasako, in Act. Neapol. (1181), 248, t. 18, 
 fig. 2. — NeeS, Plant. Off., iv. t. 19. — Keronia 
 Theophb. — Keration Diosc. — Siliqua Maith. 
 — Mens Mgyptia Theoph. (ex Abaks.). 
 
LEGUMINOS^-OJSSALFINIEJE. 
 
 133 
 
 ill-developed caducous stipules. The flowers form solitary or mul- 
 tiple short racemes on tlie wood of the old branches ; they are 
 accompanied by scaly caducous bracts and bractlets. 
 
 VII. COPAIVA SEEIES. 
 The Copaiva-trees' (Fr., Copaiers ; figs. 123-128), have regular 
 
 Copaifera officinalis. 
 
 Pia. 123. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 hermaphrodite flowers. The little receptacle, convex or slightly 
 
 ' Copaifera L., Gen., n. 542. — J., Qen., 365. 
 — Lamk., J)ie<., U.I97 ; lii., t. 342.— Desk, in 
 Mem. Mas., vii. 375, t. 13, 14.— H. B. K., 
 Nov. Gen. ei Spec., vi. 265, t. 659. — DC, 
 JProdr., U. 508.— Spaoh, Suit, a Buffon, i. 116. 
 
 — EuDIi., Gen., n. 6806. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, 
 vi. 202.— B. H., Gen., 585, 1003, u. 362.— 
 Copaiba MAUca., Brasil., 130. — Adans., Fam. 
 des Fl., ii. 341. — Copiiba Pis., Brasil., 56 
 (incl. Gaibourlia Bbjsn., GorsHa BOLliii). 
 
134 
 
 NATVBAL RISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 dilated at the apex/ bears a calycine perianth and an andfoceum 
 below the unicarpellary gynaeceum. The calyx consists of four 
 sepals, two lateral, one anterior, and one posterior. This last is 
 usually the broadest, really representing two calycine leaves, traces 
 of which are sometimes to be found in its more or less deeply notched 
 apex.^ The praefloration is variably imbricate, the sepals overlapping 
 
 CopaJfera officinalis. 
 
 Fie. 124. 
 Flower (|). 
 
 Fia. 125. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Fia. 126. 
 Fruit (J). 
 
 Pre. 127. 
 Longitudinal section of fruit. 
 
 Fia. 128. 
 Embryo (|). 
 
 greatly when the edges thin off slowly, and scarcely imbricated when 
 the edges are thick and only abruptly bevelled (fig. 124). The 
 stamens are in two tetra- or pentamerous whorls ; the longer are 
 superposed to the sepals, and when there are five, it is through 
 two being in front of the posterior sepal. The shorter ones alternate 
 
 ' In C officinalis we have been able to malce 
 out in the fresh flower that within the insertion 
 of the periiinth and androceum there is a very 
 
 short enpule of glandular tissue surrounding the 
 foot of the gynasceum. 
 
 ^ Here and therewe finda calyxwith five leaves, 
 or even, tViough very rarely, with only three. 
 
LEGUMINOS'JU-O^SALPINIBJEJ. 135 
 
 with these ; each consists of a free filament more or less inflexed at the 
 hud, and an introrse' two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence. 
 The free superior gynseceum is composed of a shortly stipitate one- 
 celled ovary surmounted by a style which is at first reflexed," and 
 ends in a little stigmatiferous head. On the parietal placenta, 
 which is posterior, are inserted two obliquely descending anatropous 
 ovules, with the micropyles looking upwards and outwards.' The 
 fruit is a shortly stipitate pod (fig. 126), with a pericarp of variable 
 thickness, fleshy, hut finally bivalve." It contains a descending 
 seed attached by a pretty long slender funicle. From the um- 
 bilicus and the adjacent part of the seed-coats grows a fleshy 
 aril, forming a sort of hood (fig. 127) enveloping the seed more or less 
 completely.* The exalbuminous embryo has very thick plano-convex 
 cotyledons, whose auricled bases form a complete sheath around the 
 superior radical.' This genus consists of unarmed trees, nearly all 
 natives of tropical America,' only three species out of twelve being 
 African. The alternate paripinnate leaves have one or more pairs of 
 unsymmetrical leaflets,^ and two caducous lateral stipules. The 
 fl.owers form simple or ranjified spikes, or racemes with very short 
 pedicels, axillary to the leaves or terminating the young branches. 
 Each flower is axillary to a scaly bract, usually caducous, but which 
 may be persistent, and is then better developed.' 
 
 ' The face of the anther often looks outwards of the seed, and is obliquely truncate. In one 
 
 in the bud owing to the inflexion of the fila- African species it covers the whole seed according 
 
 ment, which is folded on itself near the apex. to Bentham. 
 The anther is often versatile. ' In C. Mopane Kibk (ex Benth., in Trans. 
 
 ^ Sometimes even revolute ; in the very Lina. Soc, xxv. 317, t. 43 A), the cotyledons 
 
 young bud its tip reaches to the back of the are well developed, and corrugated and filled 
 
 ovary. with reservoirs of resinous juice. In this species 
 
 ^ They have two coats. In several cultivated the leaf consists of two leaflets. 
 flowers of C. afficinalis I have observed four ' Jacq., Amer., 133, t. 86. — H. B. K., Nov. 
 
 ovules in two vertical rows. Gen. et Spec, vi. t. 659. — Hatne, in Lmncea, i. 
 
 * In several American species the lower part 418; Arzu., x. t. 12-23. — YfAls., Sep., i. 854. 
 of the pod is flattened and indehiscent as in For the African species of Copaifera see Oliv., 
 Hardmclcia, the valves only separating near the FL Trap. Afr., ii. 313. 
 
 apex. The truit of most of the Copaivas is ^ There is one Brazilian species whose leaves 
 
 apiculate. a possess numerous little leaflets, and resemble 
 
 * This aril appears to be altogether absent in those of Scholia. In other species from the 
 the African species, which have been made into same country, with only two leaflets, the vena- 
 the genus Gorskia (BoxiE, in I'et. Mossamb. tion of these is pinnate, instead of being as in 
 JBot., i. 15, fig. 3). In this group the leaves GorsTcia. 
 
 have two many- ribbed leaflets, and the fruit is ' This is the case in C, copaUina ( C Guibowr- 
 
 thin and flattened. In C. ItymenceifoUa Mcyaia. tiana Behth. — Guihourtia copalUna'&ES'S.,m 
 
 (PI. Nonv. Amer., t. 1), the aril is obliquely Jown. Linn. Soc, i. 150), an African species, 
 
 turbinate under the seed. In C. nitida Mabt., with bifoliolate leaves, and rather large flowers 
 
 and other Brazilian species, it forms a fleshy or whose persistent bractlets are one-quarter the 
 
 submerabranous sac, covering some two-thirds length of the calyx. 
 
136 
 
 NATUBAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 DetariuTn} (figs. 129, 130) comes very near Copaifera in its flower : 
 it has the same usually tetramerous perianth/ with scarcely im- 
 bricated sepals f ten hypogynous stamens,' of which the five larger 
 are superposed to the sepals ; and the same central gynseceum with 
 its sessile biovulate ovary,' surmounted by a style with a little 
 stigmatiferous head, rolled in the bud towards the anterior side of the 
 flower. But the fruit is a large sessile compressed orbicular drupe. 
 
 Detarvam senegalense. 
 
 Pia. 129. 
 Flower (4). 
 
 Fi&. 130. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Its one-seeded stone is rugose and bony, surrounded by sarcocarp 
 whose flesh is traversed by a rich network of branching fibrovascular 
 bundles. The two known species of this genus" are unarmed trees 
 from the west of tropical Africa, with alternate paripinnate pauci- 
 foliolate leaves. The flowers form compound ramified racemes, of 
 spikes,' either axillary or lateral on the wood of last year's branches. 
 The flowers of HardwickicP scarcely differ from those of certain 
 species of Copaifera. The receptacle is the same ; the calyx consists 
 of flve sepals with thin edges imbricated in the bud. The stamens 
 
 1 J., Gen., 365. — DC, Trodr., ii. 521.— 
 Space, Suit, a Buffom, i. 131.— B. H., Gen., 
 585, n. 361.— H. Bn., in Adcmsonia, vi. 200. 
 
 ^ The two posterior sepals are usually united 
 into a single piece, bat may be occasionally found 
 separate. Hence the flower is resupinate, as in 
 Copaifera. 
 
 ^ Only the edge is bevelled, and this bevelled 
 edge it is which alone overlaps or is overlapped 
 in ffistivation. 
 
 * The filaments are at first bent on themselves 
 near the insertion of the anther. 
 
 ' The ovules are descending, anatropons, with 
 the micropyles superior and exterior. The exo- 
 
 stome is thickened so as to simulate a young 
 caruncula at anthesis. The carpel is always 
 superposed to the anterior sepal. 
 
 " Gmel., Syst., iii. 700.— HoOK., Niger, 
 327.— GuiLL. & Peee., Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 269, 
 t. 59.— Walp., Sep., i. 854. — Olit., M. Trap. 
 Afr., ii. 312. 
 
 'The floral pedicel is either absent or very 
 short, and articulated at the base ; axillary to a 
 bract and accompanied by two lateral bractlets. 
 
 ^ Rose., PI. Corommd., iii. 6, t. 209. 
 
 DC, Frodr., ii. 487.— Endi., Gen., n. 6808. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 586, n. 364— H. Bn., in Adan- 
 sonia, vi. 203. 
 
LEQUMINOSJS.G^SALPINIEJE. 137 
 
 are ten in number, as in Copaifera ; and all possess fertile two-celled 
 anthers unless some of the posterior ones are reduced to their fila- 
 ments. The gynseceum too resembles that of the Copaivas ; the 
 ovary contains two descending ovules, and the style ends in a point 
 or a peltate stigmatiferous dilatation. The fruit is as yet unknown in 
 the single African species possessing three pairs of leaflets referred 
 to this genus, and in one of the two Asiatic species, which has 
 usually several pairs of leaflets. But in the other Asiatic species, 
 whose stigma is peltate and whose leaflets are reduced to a single 
 pair, we observe a flattened pod, the lower part of which, flattened 
 and elongated, resembles a phyllode, the upper part alone dehiscing 
 to reveal a cavity containing a seed with fleshy embryo. Hardioiclda 
 consists of three species of unarmed trees from tropical Africa and 
 Asia.' Their alternate paripinnate leaves possess from two to six 
 leaflets apiece. The flowers form ramified racemes, and are 
 accompanied by scaly bracts and lateral bractlets. 
 
 The flowers of Prioria^ are very nearly those of Hardwickia. The 
 floral receptacle, not very greatly developed,' bears on its edges a 
 deeply five-lobed calyx, narrowly imbricated in the bud. Of the ten 
 free stamens five are superposed to the sepals, and five alternate with 
 them. The filaments are but slightly perigynous,* and the anthers 
 are introrse two-celled, and of longitudinal dehiscence, with a thick 
 apiculate connective. The gynseceum is inserted in the centre of the 
 receptacle. Its shortly stipitate ovary contains one or two descend- 
 ing ovules like those of Copaifera. The style is short and subulate 
 with an obtuse stigmatiferous tip." The oblique orbicular-oval flat- 
 tened woody pod contains one descending seed, whose exalbuminous 
 embryo has thick fleshy coherent cotyledons, and a short thick radicle. 
 P. Copaifera Griseb., the only known species, is a large unarmed 
 tree from Central America and the Antilles. It has alternate pari- 
 pinnate leaves, with two or four leaflets and caducous scaly stipules. 
 Its numerous small flowers are collected into ramified spikes, termi- 
 nating the branches. Each flower, axillary to a little bract, is ac- 
 
 ' EoXB., M. Ind., ii. 423. — WiaHT & Abn., tissue. Hence the perianth and androceum are 
 
 Prod/r., i. 284. — Omt., M. Trap. Afr., ii. truly perigynous. 
 
 315. ■* In the bud the filament is so inflexed that 
 
 ^ Gbiseb., M. Brit. W. Tnd., 215. — Benth., the anther is brought to the bottom of the re- 
 in Trims. Lkm. Soc, xxiii. 390, t. 40. — B. H., oeptacle, between the insertion of its filament 
 O-en., 585, n. 363. and the short foot of the gynseceum. 
 
 ■• It is, however, more concave than in the ' The style is reflexed in the bud ; its apex 
 
 preceding genera, and is lined with glandular touches the back of the ovary. 
 
138 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 corapanied by two pretty large lateral bractlets, wHcli are connate 
 in form, a sort of two-lipped sac below the flower. 
 
 Most of the Cyiiometras^ too, are easy to define when we know 
 Copaifera -. they are Copaivas with five imbricate petals. However, 
 all the species are not exactly alike. In some the floral receptacle is 
 slightly concave, giving a perigynous insertion to the sepals. These 
 are pretty often five in number, the two posterior remaining separate. 
 The androceum has sometimes more than five pieces, owing to the 
 deduplication of some of them -^ and the filaments, instead of being 
 wholly free, are sometimes slightly monadelphous at the base. The 
 ovary contains one or two ovules, descending and anatropous, with 
 the micropyles superior and exteripr. The fruit is thick, short and 
 straight, or bowed and reniform, often wrinkled or warty ; it contains 
 a large descending seed, whose coats inclose a fleshy exalbuminous 
 embryo, with its superior radicle enveloped by the aurlcled bases of 
 the cotyledons. Cynometra comprises some twenty specimens of un- 
 armed trees from most tropical countries.''' Their leaves are alternate 
 paripinnate, with one or more pairs of unsymmetrical leaflets and 
 with caducous stipules. The flowers are grouped in short racemes, 
 often corymbose or subumbellate, inserted in the axils of the leaves 
 or on the wood of the branches or trunk. Each flower, often 
 accompanied by two coloured bractlets, is axillary to a bract, and at 
 the bottom of the inflorescence these bracts are greatly developed, 
 together forming a caducous involucre. There are often also two 
 coloured bractlets. 
 
 The small flowers of Fterogyne'' have also five petals and five sepals. 
 They are inserted round the rim of a little circular disk, and are 
 imbricated* in the bud. The ten stamens are free and similarly 
 inserted ; they have introrse two-celled anthers of longitudinal dehis- 
 
 ' L., Gen., n. 519. — J., Qen., 350. — Lamk., Behth., in Iloolc. Journ., ii. 99; in Trans. 
 
 Diet., ii. 240, t. 331.— G^uTN., Fnict, ii. 350, Zinn. f}oc., xxv. 318. — Hook. F., Wger, 328. 
 
 t. 156.— DC, Prodr., ii. 509.— Spaoh, Suit, a —A. Rich., Fl. Cub., 232, t. 41.— Tut., in 
 
 Bvffon, j. 117.— Ekm,., Oen., u. 6784.-8. H., Arch. Mus., iv. 178. — A. Geat, Bot. Unit. 
 
 Gen., 586, n. 367. — Metrocynia Ditp.-Th., iStates Expl. Exp., t. 52.— Wai.p., Hep., i. 853 ; 
 
 Gen.Noii.Madag.,i,2.—y)C.,op.cit.,u.i0l. — v. 573; Ann., ii. 449; iv. 601. — Olit., Fl. 
 
 Ehdi.., Gen., 11. 6783. — Cynomorium RnMPH., Trap. Afr., ii. 316. 
 Serb. Amboin., i. 163, t. 62 (nee Mich.). < Tux., in Ann. So. Nat., s6t. 2, xx. 140 ; 
 
 ^ Sometimes, too, there are ten stamens, which in Arch. Mus., iv. 130. — B. H., Gen., 586 
 
 are not however all fertile, some of the posterior n. 366. 
 being reduced to filaments. * Usually the two lateral petals overlap, and 
 
 3 EoxB., Fl. Coromand., iii. 286. — HAyiTB, the anterior and posterior are overlapped, on 
 
 Arzn,, xi. t. 17 {Ti'ochyloiium Martianum).— either edge. 
 
LEGrMINOSMC^SALPINIEJS. 139 
 
 cence. The gynseceum consists of a shortly stipitate ovary, sur- 
 mounted by a curved style with a truncate stigmatiferous apex. The 
 solitary suspended anatropous ovule has its micropyle superior and 
 exterior. On the placentary edge of the ovary is a little longitudinal 
 expansion, which becomes a thin rigid wing in the dry flattened 
 indehiscent samaroid one-seeded fruit. The descending compressed 
 seed contains a fleshy embryo, with a straight superior radicle. P. 
 nitens,^ the only known species of this genus, is an unarmed tree 
 from Brazil and the countries to the south of it. It has alternate 
 paripinnate leaves with little caducous stipules, and its flowers form 
 little catkin-like axillary racemes, with scaly bracts. 
 
 Sindorc^ has hermaphrodite flowers, which are at first imbricated, 
 but which fall early. The short convex receptacle supports a calyx 
 of four sepals,' of which the posterior really represents two, imbricated 
 only by their bevelled edges, as in Detarium and in most of the 
 Copaivas. The corolla is represented by a single elongated petal 
 superposed to the posterior sepal. There are ten hypogynous 
 stamens, of which the posterior is free and sterile, its ill-developed 
 anther containing no pollen. The nine others are monadelphous 
 and declinate at the base at first, then free, bearing anthers, of which 
 the seven anterior^ are sterile, and the two alternipetalous fertile 
 and well-developed. These two anthers are iiitrorse, two-celled, and 
 dehisce by two longitudinal clefts. The gynseceum consists of a 
 shortly stipitate ovary, containing from two to four or five obliquely 
 descending or transverse ovules, and surmounted by a style, which 
 is at first rolled up, and which ends in a slight stigmatiferous dilata- 
 tion. The fruit is a shortly stipitate irregular orbicular flattened 
 coriaceous bivalve pod, covered with prickles, and containing an 
 ovoidal exalbuminous seed, whose funicle is dilated into a cupuli- 
 furm aril. The embryo is thick, with fleshy cotyledons and a short 
 included radicle. Sindora consists of unarmed trees from tropical 
 Asia and Malaysia, whose leaves are alternate paripinnate and pauci- 
 jugate, and whose flowers form terminal ramified racemes. 
 
 ' Tui., in Arch. Mus., loc. cit., 131, t. 9. — in certain species, whence the generic name 
 
 Waip., Rep., V. 577. Echinocah/x. In the Cochin China species the 
 
 ^ MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., Suppl., i. 287 j Awn. concave inner surface of the sepals is lined by 
 
 Mus. Lugd.-Bat., iii. 86. — McTiinocah/x B. H., closely appressed rigid hairs, filling nearly the 
 
 Gen., 584, 1003, n. 359. whole of the concavity. 
 
 ' They are more or less covered with prickles ■* It may, we are told, be completely absent. 
 
140 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 The flower of Cryptosepalum tetraphyllum> has but one petal, and 
 that posterior, as in Sindora ; but the calyx is at the same time so 
 much reduced that the lateral bractlets fulfil its part in protecting 
 the bud, and by their close approximation form a sac which at first 
 completely covers it. Thus Cryptosepalum is in this respect to 
 CopaiferecB what Bidelotia is to Amlierstiem. The sepals are repre- 
 sented by four little scales; there are three stamens with short 
 free filaments and versatile introrse two-celled anthers; and the 
 gynseceutn resembles that of Copaifera or Detarium. As yet we do 
 not know the fruit of this unarmed branching tree from the west of 
 tropical Africa. Its leaves are paripinnate, with one or two pairs of 
 coriaceous leaflets, and little lateral stipules. Its flowers form short 
 axillary racemes, whose caducous bracts fall ofi" and leave the bract- 
 lets persisting on either side of each flower. While Crypiosepalum 
 links the most imperfect AmherstiecB to Copaiferea by its affinities 
 with Bidelotia, Zuccagnia, formerly placed in this series, links it, as 
 will be now seen, to those Ccesalpiniea in which the structure of the 
 flower is least intricate. 
 
 VIII. DIMOEPHANDEA SEEIES. 
 Bimorpliandra^ (figs. 131, 132) has regular hermaphrodite flowers ; 
 
 Dimorphandra speciosa. 
 
 Fia. 131. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fm. 132. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 the very narrow receptacle bears a gamosepalous calyx, a poly- 
 
 > Benth., Gen., 584, 1003, n. 360; in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc, xxv. 315, t. 43 B. — Cynometra 1 
 ietraphylla Hook. F., Niger, 329. — Walp., 
 Arm., ii. 449, n. 2.— OiiT., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 
 303. [Tliis author adds two new species, C. 
 
 maraviense Out., and C. ? mimosoides Welw.] 
 ' ScHOTT, ap. SpEENa., Syst. Cur. Post. 
 404— Ekdi., aen., n. 6824. — B. H., &en., 587* 
 n. 370. — Mora Sohomb., ex Benth., in Trans. 
 lAwn. Soc, xviii. 207, t. 16, 17. 
 
LEOUMINOS^-C^SALPINIE^. 141 
 
 petalous corolla, a diplostemonous androceum, and a free gynseceum. 
 The calyx is divided to a variable depth into five lobes, valvate in 
 the bud.' The corolla, regular, or nearly so, is so imbricated, that 
 the vexillary petal is overlapped on either edge. The stamens are 
 subhypogynous and of two kinds. Those superposed to the petals 
 are fertile, each formed of a free filament and an introrse two-celled 
 anther dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts.' Those alternating 
 with the petals are on the contrary sterile, consisting of an obpyra- 
 midal body,' or else a long slender staminode with a club-shaped 
 head. The central gynseceum consists of a sessile or shortly stipitate 
 pluriovulate ovary," tapering above, to form a very short or almost 
 obsolete style, whose scarcely dilated apex is covered with stigmatic 
 papillae. The fruit is a flattened elongated pod with a thick woody 
 endocarp, and divided by slightly projecting false dissepiments into 
 as many chambers as there are seeds.* The endocarp separates into 
 two flat elastic valves which then turn back, while the exocarp 
 remains adherent in some species,* but separates altogether from 
 them in others.' Within the membranous seed-coats is a greenish 
 embryo surrounded by fleshy albumen.^ Dimorp/tandra consists of 
 some half-score species' of unarmed trees from tropical America. 
 The leaves are alternate, pinnate'" or more frequently bipinnate, with 
 ill-developed lateral stipules at the base. The flowers, each axiUary 
 to a little caducous bract, are small and numerous, in simple or 
 ramified racemes, or spikes terminating the branches. 
 
 In Burhea^^ from tropical and southern Africa, the subperigynous 
 
 ' The short thick lobes of the calyx often cease slender above, and dilate at the summit into a 
 
 touching at a very early age, but in some species, little more or less oblique club-shaped head, often 
 
 like J), mollis, where they are longer, they are slightly concave or capuliform above, 
 
 at first slightly imbricated. * The ovules are descending, with the miero- 
 
 * The filament is commonly attached by its pyles superior and exterior, 
 
 very fine apex to an elongated, thick coriaceous ' The fruit is one-seeded, it is said, in D. 
 
 connective, usually dark-coloured. The two guiatiensis {D. Mora 'SB'S'i^.; — Mara guiemen- 
 
 linear cells occupy but a very narrow space on sis Schomb.). 
 
 either side of the connective. " E.g., D. {Pooillwm) vernicosa Spbtjce. 
 
 " In this case the tops of the five staminodes ? Such as D. mollis Benth., in Sooh. Joum., 
 
 cohere into a sort of five-pillared vault. Only ii. 102. 
 
 the filaments of the fertile anthers are to be * The albumen is perhaps wanting in certain 
 seen in the interspaces between the pillars, the species, as Bentham gives the absence of peri- 
 anthers being mainly lodged in the elongated sperms as a characteristic of the genus, 
 pits on the inner faces of the staminodes. This ° Walp., Rep., 5'74i. 
 
 is the ease with the species of which Tulasnb '" In the species properly belonging to Mora 
 
 {Arch. Mus., iv. 186) has made his section Po- Schomb., loo. cit. 
 
 ciUwm. In the other sections of the genus {Eudi- " Hook., Icon., t. 593. — Endl., Gen., n. 
 
 morphandra Tttl., loc. cit, 183 ; Phaneropsia 6767'.— B. H., Gen., 587, u. 869. 
 Tul,, loc. cit., 188) the staminodes are more 
 
142 
 
 NATUBAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 insertion and the perianth are nearly as in Dimorpkandra. But the 
 stamens are all ten fertile ; their free filaments are surmounted by 
 introrse two-celled anthers, whose connective is tipped by a terminal 
 apiculus. The sessile or subsessile ovary ends in a short thick style, 
 with a more or less oblique concave apex covered with stigmatic 
 papillae. The ovary contains either two transverse or descending 
 ovules whose micropyles look upwards and outwards, or only one, 
 often ascending when adult with its micropyle downwards and 
 inwards. The oblong compressed coriaceous indehiscent (?) fruit 
 contains one or two compressed suborbicular seeds, whose embryo is 
 surrounded by a thin cartilaginous albumen. Two species of this 
 genus are known.' 
 
 The floral receptacle of Erythropldceum^ (figs. 133, 134) is far 
 more concave than in the two preceding genera; and hence the 
 
 Mrythrophlxum guineense. 
 
 Via. 133. 
 Flower (\). 
 
 Via. 134. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 insertion of the perianth and androceum is far more decidedly 
 perigynous. The receptacle is lined with glandular tissue ; on its 
 rim are inserted a five-toothed gamosepalous calyx, five equal petals, 
 at first slightly imbricate but later valvate, and ten free stamens, five 
 superposed to the teeth of the calyx, and five shorter to the petals ; 
 the filament of each stamen bears an introrse two- celled anther of 
 
 1 Haev. & SoND., M. Cap., ii. 271.— Olit., 
 M. Trap. Afr., ii. 319. 
 
 2 Apzei., ex E. Be., in Tuck. Congo, 438 j 
 Misc. Works, ed. Benn., i. 153, 290.— G. Don, 
 Syst, ii. 424..— Endl., Gen., n. 6818.— B. H., 
 
 Gen., 588, n. 371. — Fillaa Gttill. & Peee., M. 
 Seneg. Tent., i. 242, t. 55. — Mavia Beetol. F., 
 III. riant. Mossamh., i. 10, t. 3. — LaloucheHa, 
 F. MuElL., in Journ. Linn, Soc., iii. 158. 
 
LUGUMmOBMCMBALPINIE^. 
 
 143 
 
 longitudinal dehiscence, whose connective is often surmounted by a 
 mossy glandular point. The gynseceum is inserted by a long slender 
 foot in the bottom of the receptacle. Its ovary' contains an inde- 
 finite number of ovules, and is surmounted by a short style, with an 
 undilated stigmatiferous apex. The fruit is an oblong flattened 
 coriaceous or woody bivalve pod. The seeds, surrounded by a 
 variable thickness of pulp, contain within their coats^ a fleshy 
 
 Brandzeia filicifolia. 
 
 Pia. 135. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 embryo surrounded by thick, fleshy or subcorneous albumen. This 
 genus consists of unarmed trees from tropical Africa' and 
 
 ' Often covered with very long woolly hairs becomes much thicker in contact with water (see 
 
 (figs. 133, 134). Adansonia, vi. 204), 
 
 ^ The middle coat is very hard ; it is sur- ' The old species, named Mll<Ba suaveolens 
 
 rounded by a soft layer, which swells up and by the authors of the Floras Senegamhice Tenia- 
 
144 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Australia.' The leaves are alternate, bipinnate, with few, rather broad, 
 coriaceous leaflets. The flowers are grouped iu terminal ramified 
 racemes ; the pedicels, articulate at the base, are each axillary to a 
 caducous bract. 
 
 At the end of this series we place Brandzeia fllmfolic^ (figs. 135- 
 137), whose affinities with Mimosece and Euccssalpiniec^ are incontest- 
 able, and which has, with the regular flowers of the preceding 
 genera, a receptacle yet more concave^ than in BrythropJdceum, and a 
 
 Brandzeia filicifo lia. 
 
 Fid. 136. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fig. 137. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 more broadly imbricated calyx. The sepals are four* or five in 
 number ; and the petals' which are also imbricated, taper below 
 into long claws. The ten stamens, all fertile, are superposed to the 
 leaves of the perianth. Each consists of a free involute filament 
 finally exserted, and an iutrorse two-celled anther with a glandular 
 connective. The central gynaeceum consists of a stipitate pluriovulate 
 ovary,' surmounted by a style whose stigmatiferous apex is slightly 
 dilated. The pod is of variable size, often oblong compressed, covered 
 with rusty-coloured velvety down; bordered with somewhat pro- 
 minent sutures, rarely flat, but more often irregularly knobbed on 
 
 men, is -B. guineense Don. We find it nndis- 
 tingnisliable from Mama judicialis Bebtol. F., 
 a phmt from the east coast, of which we have 
 only an imperfect specimen before us [see also 
 Oht., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 320]. 
 
 1 H. cMorostachi/s, — JE. LahouoTieri Behth., 
 Fl. Austral., ii. 297. — Ldboucheria chloro- 
 stachys F. Mueli., loc. dt., 159. 
 
 ' H. Bn., in Adamsonia, ix. 215, t. vi. 
 
 ' It might strictly have been placed in this 
 series, for it comes very near Ccesalpinia, differ- 
 
 ing mainly in the greater regularity of its corolla 
 and in its non-declinate filaments, nude at the 
 base. 
 
 •■ With a lining of glandular tissue, whose 
 margin is divided into ten little crenulations. 
 
 5 In this case there is one larger than the 
 rest, and evidently representing two leaves. 
 
 ^ Whose number may also be reduced to four. 
 
 ? There are usually from ten to twelve 
 obliquely descending ovules in two vertical 
 rows. 
 
LEGUMINOaX-OMSALPINIEM. 145 
 
 its two faces. It appears to be indehiscent, and contains in chambers 
 formed by its endocarp a variable number of seeds borne on slender 
 funicles ; their coats, resembling those of Erytlirophlceum^ enclose a 
 thick albumen of peculiar texture,^ which in turn envelopes a greenish 
 embryo. B. filicifolia is a small unarmed tree from the islands off the 
 east coast of tropical Africa. Its alternate bipinnate leaves consist 
 of a very large number of little leaflets, and its flowers form ramified 
 false racemes on the wood of the young branches. 
 
 To E. Brown' is due the formation of the group CcBsalpiniece,^ by 
 some authors considered a distinct order,^ but by most regarded as a 
 mere suborder of Leguminosa^ It is most difficult to find a single 
 character which will really distinguish Ccesalpiniece absolutely from 
 the rest of Leguminosce. Still, generally speaking, the embryo is 
 straight,' and the imbrication of the corolla is not vexillary. ■ But 
 there are several members of the series BauMniea in which the radicle 
 is curved, and on the other hand in many Papilionacece the radicle 
 is quite straight. Again, we have found that in such genera as 
 Cadia, Tamarindus, Vouapa, &c., the vexillary petal is sometimes 
 overlappingj sometimes overlapped, on one or both sides,' and others 
 like Duparquetia, in which the imbrication is always vexillary ; while 
 among Papilionacece we shall occasionally find plants where this 
 same vexillary aestivation of the corolla is far from constant. Hence, 
 making all proper reservations, we may say the CasalpinietB are, very 
 generally speaking, Leguminosa with straight embryos and a non- 
 vexillary aestivation. 
 
 All those other characters to which considerable importance is 
 
 ' The middle coat is extremely hard, and out- 283. — J. G. AaiEDH, Theor. Syst. Plant. 
 
 aide it is a soft layer, which in water swells, and (1858), 212. 
 
 then gives way, and curls up irregularly. ^ J., Ge»., 346, &o. — DC, Frodr., ii. (1825), 
 
 2 It has a farinaceous or suborystalline ap- 4l?3 (subord. iv.) — Endi., eeii., 1310 (trib. viii.). 
 
 pearance ; in water it breaks up and becomes • — LiKDl., Veg. Kingd., 549. — B. H., Gen., 436, 
 
 translucent, especially in certain parts, and dis- 457 (subord. ii.) 
 
 solves hke aleurone. ' DC, Prodr., ii. 94, tab. synopt., " Legu- 
 
 ' Gen. Rem.. ] 9 ; Congo, 10 ? Miac, Works, minosce rectembrim, nempe embryonis radimla 
 
 ed. Beutn., i. 23, 100, 240 (Zomeniacece v. Cces- recta." He subdivides this group into Mimosere, 
 
 alpinietB). in which the petals are valvate, and the stamens 
 
 * It was really Abahson who, in 1763, dis- bypogynous; and CiBsaVpiniece, in which the 
 tinguished this group in t\ie ovier Legwm'mosa petals are imbricated, and the stamens perigynous. 
 as " Fremiire section : les Casses." He in- We need scarcely dwell on the over precise and. 
 eluded however the few Mimosece then known. absolute characters of this grouping. 
 
 (See Fam. des Fl., ii. 317.) ' See pp. 71, 99, 103. 
 
 * A. BsoN&N., Mrmm. (1843), 132, Fam. 
 
 VOL. II. i* 
 
146 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 assigned elsewhere, here become so variable that we may say they 
 are nearly as often absent as present. The flowers are regular or 
 irregular, with a valvate or imbricated calyx,' and with or without a 
 hypogynous or perigynous corolla. The stamens are free or in one 
 or more bundles ; the gynaeceum is central or excentric.'' The fruit 
 is dehiscent or indehiscent, containing one or many albuminous or 
 exalbuminous seeds. The leaves are pinnate or bipinnate, stipulate 
 or exstipulate. Some few characters are of altogether exceptional 
 occurrence, such as simple or unifoliolate leaves,' indefinite stamens,'' 
 diclinous flowers,* and herbaceous stems. The last character is only 
 found in several Cassias and in some Ccssalpinias of the section 
 Hoffmanseggia. 
 
 In 1835, De Candolle knew but thirty- four of the genera now 
 retained in the group Ccesalpiniece. He inserted three other types, 
 the genera Aloexylum^ Anoma^ and Baryxylun^ of Loureieo, which 
 are still ill-known and of most doubtful position; besides the 
 Balhergiea, now referred to the sub-order Papilionaceae. To the then- 
 known genera E. Brown added Petalostgles in 1817, and he pub- 
 
 ' In our descriptions we always make it a 
 point to distinguish as far as possible the calyx 
 proper fi'om the reoeptacular part of the flower. 
 Thus, while Behtham & Hooker, following 
 their predecessors, almost always describe a 
 tubular or cupuliform part of the calyx con- 
 sisting of a single piece and lined by the disk, as 
 well as a free part above, often divided down to 
 its base, we consider the former part, usually 
 lined by the disk, as belonging to the receptacular 
 axis. Hence from our view the calyx is far 
 oftener dialysepalous in CcBsalpinierE. 
 
 '^ In this case we do not, like most authors, 
 regard the gynaceum as adnate to the calyx- 
 tube ; but consider that owing to the irregular 
 development of the different parts of the floral 
 Receptacle, its organic apex, which corresponds 
 with the insertion of the gynaeceum becomes 
 ■more or less excentric, as in most ChrysobalanecB, 
 ■being more or less closely approximated to the 
 :Tim of the cup, sac, or tube represented by the 
 rHeceptacle. Moreover the study of the develop- 
 ment .confirms this interpretation. (See Adan,- 
 sonia, .yi, 187.) 
 
 ^ In Griffonia, Cercis, and certain species of 
 Sauhinia, jPa,lovea, and Bwrlelna. 
 
 ■* In Campsiandra, and certain species oi 
 Bromnea, StorcH&lla, and Cynometra. 
 
 * In Qlediiachia, Gynrnocladus, Ceratonia, 
 certain species of £au/iinia, Cynometra, and 
 Urt/throphlaeum. 
 
 « LoUE., M. Cochinch., 269. — DC, Trodr., 
 ii. 518.— Ehbl., Qen,., n. 6V86.— B. H., Ge»., 
 464. — H. Bn., in Diet. lEnci/cl. des So. Medic., 
 iii. 378. This tree is noted, for to it is attri- 
 buted one of the kinds of eagle wood or lign- 
 aloes (bois d'aigle) of commerce (" verum lignvm 
 Aloes largiens, Eifiil;.") j it is described as 
 having simple alternate leaves, and flowers with 
 four sepals, five and ten stamens. Its fruit is 
 thus described : " Legumen lignosum ItBve fa\r- 
 caium l-spermmm. Semen ohlongum carvum 
 arillatum." This plant it seems cannot be 
 identified in Cochinchina. Its organization 
 fcrings it at once near to Copaifera, Cynometra, 
 and Connaracece. 
 
 ? LoPK., op. cit., 280. — Endi., Ge»., n. 
 6779. " Ab auctore in uno genere cum Mo- 
 ringa inclusa, a DC. {Prod/r., ii. 480) pro genere 
 proprio admittitur. E descriptione tamen ne- 
 quaquam recognoscenda, nisi CmsalpiniiB ipsae 
 species, foliis perperam oppositis dietis." (B. H., 
 Gen,, 464.) 
 
 * LouE., op. cit., 268.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 87. 
 — Endi., Gen., n, e781a {Cassia). " Est 
 genus valde dubium. Descriptio auctoris pluri- 
 bus notis Cassiam refert. Icon Eumphii dubie 
 citata est AfzelitB species. Specimen Loureiria- 
 num, errore quodam sub boc nomine in herb. 
 Mus. Brit, servatum, cum charactece nequaquam 
 convcnit." (B. H., Gen., 464.) 
 
LEGVMINOSm-O^SALPINIEJE. 147 
 
 lished ErythropMmum of Afzelius in 1818. Labichea was described 
 by Gaudichaud (1817); Apuleia by Martius (1837); Fceppigia by 
 Presl (1832); Amherstia by Wallich (1830). In 1827 Schott 
 made known Melanoxylon and Bimorphandra in the CurcR posteriores 
 of Sprkngel's great work. Vogel, in 1834, established tbe genera 
 ScMzolobium and Sderolobium. In his special investigations into the 
 Leguminosee of Brazil, from 1843 downwards, L. R. Tulasne de- 
 scribed Cercidium, Diptychandra, Phyllocarpus, Pterogyne, and Tliyla- 
 canthus. But it is in England and her colonies that the greatest 
 number of new types have been determined and studied during the 
 last forty years — viz., Acrocarpus by Wight, Burkea by W. Hooker, 
 Colvillea by Bojer, Mizabetha by Schomburgk, Daniella by Bennett, 
 Wagatea by Daezell, Prioria by Grisebach, and StorcJdella by 
 Seemann. In his endless researches on the Leguminosee Bentham 
 determined the six genera Campsiandra, Bicorynia, Martia, Baikima, 
 Cryptosepalmn, and Bistemonanthus, besides publishing Berlinia of 
 Solander and Batesia of Spruce. Miquee, in 1859, made known 
 the genus Sindora from Tropical Africa, and we ourselves have since 
 1865 determined the five genera Bidelotia, Griff onia, Btiparquetia, 
 Baudouinia, and Brandzeia, besides demonstrating that Aublet's 
 Vouacapoua formed a genus, not identical with Andira as had been 
 hitherto maintained, but belonging to the series SclerolabieaB^ and 
 very near to Batesia. 
 
 Thus the number of uncontested genera which we retain in the 
 suborder Ceesalpiniea is raised to seventy-two. Their geographical 
 distribution is mainly restricted to a zone of 40° on either side of 
 the equator. Hence CcBsalpiniece belong almost exclusively to the 
 very warmest countries, the only exceptions being Cercis, Ceratonia, 
 and GymMocladus, besides some representatives of Gleditschia, Cassia, 
 and CcBsalpinia. There is hardly a single warm country which has 
 not species of Cassia, Bauhinia, Ceesalpinia, Parkinsonia, Tamarindus, 
 Hymencea, and even Bialium and Vouapa. One genus, Apalataa, is 
 common to tropical America, Asia, and Africa, though by no means 
 equally distributed, being very common in the New World and very 
 rare in the Old. Another genus, Copaifera, unknown in Asia and 
 Australia, is common to tropical America and Africa. There are 
 twenty-four genera which have as yet been found spontaneous in 
 
 L 2 
 
14-8 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 the New World only — namely, Hmmatoxylm, Gymnodadus, Cercidium, 
 Martia, Apuleia, Palovea, Misabetha, Heterostemon, Brownea, Eperua, 
 Tachigali, Prioria, Zuccagnia, Pterogyne, Dimorphandra, and ScJdzo- 
 lobium and the other eight genera of the series Sderolohiem. All the 
 remaining genera of the suborder, thirty-seven in number, are 
 natives of the Old World only. A large number of types are confined 
 to very small areas. Thus, Acrocarpus, Wagatea, and Amherstia occupy 
 a very limited region of tropical Asia ; and Pterogyne, Zuccagnia, 
 Phyllocarpus, Dicorynia, Batesia, Apuleia, Palovea, Mizabetha, Eperua, 
 Prioria, &g., a relatively small part of tropical America. In Australia 
 only are found LaUcliea, Petalostyles, and Barhlya ; while Storckiella 
 is altogether Oceanian. Detarium, Bidelotia, Cryptosepalum, Baikieea, 
 Baniella, Berlinia, Griffonia, Bistemonanilms, and Buparquetia are 
 confined to tropical Africa ; and Baudouinia, Colvillea, Brandzeia to 
 Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. The number of species in 
 this suborder may be estimated at about eight hundred and fifty, of 
 which some five hundred are peculiar to the Old World, and three 
 hundred and fifty to the New. 
 
 The subdivisions which it has been found necessary to make in 
 this group for convenience of study, are not the most natural imagin- 
 able. The limits of the tribes or series are hardly more precise and 
 absolute than those of the suborder itself. However, they are of 
 real value in practice ; and hence, without blinding ourselves to their 
 artificial character, we have fully adopted the subdivisions proposed 
 by Bentham, which are characterized as follows : 
 
 I. Oadie^. — Flowers regular. Eeceptacle concave. Perianth 
 and androceum perigynous. Corolla contorted or imbricated ; vexil- 
 lary petal internal, external, or overlapped on one edge and over- 
 lapping on the other. Androceum regular diplostemonous. Stamens 
 firee. Seed exalbuminous ; radicle straight. Leaves imparipinnate 
 (1 genus). 
 
 II. Euc^SALPiNiEiE. — Flowers irregular or subregular. Calyx 
 dialysepalous. Corolla imbricated, the vexiUary petal internal. 
 Androceum diplostemonous, rarely isostemonous. Stamens free; 
 anthers versatile. Grynseceum free, inserted in the bottom of the 
 receptacle. Leaves bipinnate^ rarely pinnate or unifoliolate (14 
 genera). 
 
LBGTJMINOS^-OMBALFimilM. 149 
 
 III. ScLEROLOBiE^. — Flowers of Eucessalpiniece. Leaves impari- 
 pinnate, more rarely paripinnate, not decompound (9 genera). 
 
 IV. Amheestie^. — Flowers possessing an excentric gynseceum 
 inserted at a variable height on the posterior wall of the receptacular 
 tube, the non-placentary suture of the carpel towards its cavity ; 
 sepals imbricate, very rarely valvate. Corolla irregular or absent. 
 Leaves alternate, pari- or imparipinnate (20 genera). 
 
 Y. Bauhinie^. — Q-ynseceum central, or if excentric inserted at a 
 variable height on the anterior wall of the receptacular tube, the 
 placentary suture of the carpel towards its cavity. Calyx gamose- 
 palous, dehiscing variably by imbricate teeth or lobes; corolla regular 
 or irregular. Leaves simple entire, bilobed, or more rarely bifoliolate 
 (3 genera). 
 
 VI. CassiEjE. — Mowers irregular or subregular ; gynseceura 
 central. Sepals free, imbricate, rarely sub valvate. Stamens very 
 rarely ten or more, but if so with some nearly always sterile on the 
 posterior side of the flower, free anthers basifixed or nearly so, 
 dehiscing by often short clefts or pores. Leaves pari- or impari- 
 pinnate, not decompound (13 genera). 
 
 VII. CoPAit'EREiE. — Flowers small ; receptacle ill-developed 
 convex or concave. Sepals free, imbricate or valvate. Petals absent, 
 or more rarely 1-6 imbricate. Androceum nearly always diplo- 
 stemonous, rarely pleiostemonous ; anthers versatile. Leaves parl- 
 or imparipinnate, pretty frequently bifoliolate (8 genera). 
 
 VIII. DiMORPHANDREiE. — Flowcrs Small, regular ; receptacle 
 convex or concave. Sepals usually imbricate, largely coherent. Co- 
 rolla of five equal or subequal imbricated petals. Androceum diplo- 
 stemonous ; anthers versatile ; filaments free. Grynseceum free ; 
 insertion central. Leaves bipinnate, very rarely pinnate (4 genera). 
 
 The uses of Ccesalpiniea are very numerous,^ and their detailed 
 study would fill a volume. As most species come from hot climates 
 they can hardly be cultivated here, except in the conservatory. 
 But many species are to be found in all the gardens of tropical 
 countries, for the sake of their beautiful flowers. Amherstia nobilis, 
 
 ' Gtjib., Drag. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 299. — Eosenth., Synops. Plant. DiapJior., 1031- 
 DuCH., Sepert., 259. — Endi,., Enchirid., 675.— 1047. 
 
150 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Wali,.' is one of the most magnificent ornamental trees known, and 
 the Browneas^ with their numerous coloured bracts, are not far 
 behind it in beauty. It is to be hoped that the genera Afzelia and 
 Berlinia may be cultivated in our hothouses, for their splendid 
 corollas are exquisitely scented.' Schotia blooms pretty often under 
 our cultivation.^ Saraca is grown in the gardens of India, owing 
 to the beauty of its petaloid calyx. Many yellow-flowered perennial 
 Cassias are bedded out in our summer parterres. The so-called 
 Flamboyants or Plame-trees of India and the islands east of tropical 
 Africa, are all prized for their conspicuous red flowers. Of these 
 some are true species of Poinciana,^ and the remaining two are 
 Colvillea racemosa,^ of Madagascar, and Casalpinia pulcherrima^ now 
 found in all hot countries. Indeed all the arborescent species of 
 Casalpiniea are ornamental ; and C. Gilliesii" often flowers in our 
 gardens. Cadia varia has pretty pinkish flowers, something like 
 those of the Mallow." Species of Cercis (Judas Tree ; Fr., Gamier, 
 BoJs de JudSe), Gymnodadas, and Gleditschia are often planted in our 
 parks and gardens, and are prized, the former for their precocious 
 flowers, the latter for their foliage, and the peculiar look of their 
 enormous branching spines. 
 
 LiNUT.ET showed that the chief property of CcesalpiniecB is that of 
 purging.'" This is especially marked in the genus Cassia^^ which in 
 this respect may be distinguished into two groups, Cathartocarpus 
 and Senna. The former supplies us with the drug Cassia (Casse), 
 the latter with Senna [Seni). The pulp of the fruit is mainly 
 used with the Cassias, especially the commonest, C. Fistula,^' the 
 Purging Cassia, or Pudding-pipe Tree, known in France under the 
 
 ' See above, p. 92, figs. 65, 66; Bot. Mag.,t. t. 54; Bot. Mag., t. 4006. — LiiTDi. & Paxt., 
 
 4453. — The flowers are offered to the gods in the Mag., i. t. 28. 
 Buddhist temples. * See above, page 69, figs. 38, 39. 
 
 2 See LlNDi,. & Paxt., M. aa/rd., t. 59.— Bot. >" Veg. Kingd., 549 ; M. Med., 258. 
 
 Jieg. (1841), t, 30. — Bof. Mag., t. 3964, 4839. " Coliad., Monograph, des Casses, 4.to 
 
 ^ See Adansovia, vi. 185, t. iii. fig. 10. (1816.) 
 
 * 8. Specioea Jaoq., vulgarly named Belle '^ Cassia Fistula alexandrina Batfh., Fin., 
 
 Theodore and highly prized by the colonists at 403. — T., Instit., 619, t. 392 E. — C. nigra 
 
 the Cape, is the most remarkable of all the species Don., Pempt., 787. — C. Fistula h.. Spec., 540. 
 
 for its handsome red flowers. — (See Hook., ^xoi. — Ga;ETisr., Fruct., ii., t. 147, fig. 1. — DC, 
 
 Fl, t. 159 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1153.) Frodr., ii. 490, n. 10.— GniB., Drag. Siwpl'., 
 
 ' See Bot. Mag., t. 2884. ed. 4, iii. 345, fig. 345.— EosBKTH., op. cit., 
 
 ' BoJ., in Bot. Mag., t, 3325, 3326. 1035. — BactyriloUum Fistula W., Enum. Sort. 
 
 ' Sw., Ohs., 166. — Poinciana pulcherrima L., Berol., 439 — Cathartooarpus Fistula Pees. 
 
 JSpeo,, 554; DC, Prodr., ii. 484, n. 1. Syn., i. 459.— Lindi,., Fl. Med., 262. 
 
 » Poinciand ffillieiii Hpox., Bot. Misc., i. 
 
LUGUMINOSM-CMSALFINIEM. 151 
 
 name of CanSficier. This species, indigenous, it is said, in iEthiopia, 
 but at present spread over all warm countries, has large cylindrical 
 fruits, reaching the length of half a yard. They are smooth and 
 dark brown, obtuse at both ends, indehiscent, and divided by woody 
 transverse septa into as many compartments as there are seeds. 
 Between the seed and the walls of its compartment is a sweet pulp, 
 often dark in colour ; this it is that is used as a mild purgative.' 
 For the same purpose has been used the bark of the Smaller Cassia 
 [Petite Casse) of America, whose dimensions are but half of those 
 of the preceding kind. It is now known to come from C. moschata? 
 C. brasiliensis Lamk.' {Caneficier du Bresil), is also used in its native 
 country for its laxative pulp. This species has much thicker, longer 
 pods, recurved and sabre-shaped, slightly compressed, with very pro- 
 minent sutures and projecting veins. Several other species have 
 been cited as possessing similar properties, especially C. javanica li.* 
 timorensis DC, bacillaris L. f.,' and marginato EoxB.* 
 
 The section Senna furnishes the Sennas of commerce, purgative 
 plants prized for their leaves and pods, especially the latter, mis- 
 named follicles. This name no doubt arises from their flattened form 
 and dry membranous consistency, and their general leaf-like aspect. 
 They are straight and elliptical, ovate or obovate, or bowed and more 
 or less reniform. These fruits always finally separate more or less 
 easily into two valves, showing that each of the contained seeds, 
 which may be seen to cause an external prominence on the pericarp 
 is parted from either neighbour by a thin false dissepiment of centri- 
 petal evolution. Though several points in the botanical history of 
 the Sennas still remain doubtful,' we may regard these drugs as being 
 chiefly supplied by the three species of the section Senna of Cassia, 
 
 ' It formed part of the electuary catholicon, Vahl., Symb., iii. 5?. — Jacq., Fragm., t. 85, 
 
 the Unitif, and even the true medecine noire fig. 3. 
 
 of the old French Pharmacopoeia j and is used * Spec, 542 (part.) — ^DC, Prodr., n. 8. — 
 
 in the confectio SermtB of the present English C. Fistula syVoestris Rumph., Herb. Amb., ii. t. 
 
 one. 22. — C. Bacillus G^etn., Fruct., i. 318. 
 
 ^ H. B. K., Nov. Qen. et Spec., vi., 858.— * Suppl., 2Z\.—\)C., Prodr., a.lZ.— Caihar- 
 
 DC, Prodr., n. 3. — Hakb., in Trans. Linn. Soc, toca/rpas Bacillus Lindl., in Pot. Peg., t. 881. 
 xxiv. 167. * C. javanica Hasbk. (nee L.). 
 
 3 Diet., i. 649.— DC, Prodr., n. 1.— Gtjib., ' GuiB., loc. cit., 336.— M^r. & Dbl., Diet, 
 
 loc. cit., 847. — BoSENTH., op. cit., 1036. — C. Mat. Med., ii. 127 ; vi., 310, 320. — Kisoh., in 
 
 Fistula brasiliana Bavm., Pin. 4,05. — T., Jnstit., Pot. Zeit. (1850), t. 9. — Pebeiea, Flem. Mat. 
 
 619, t. 392 D. — C. Siliqua brasiliana purgatrix Med., ed. 5, ii. p. ii. 350. — Lindl., Fl. Med., n. 
 
 compressa LoB., Ph. Bond., 41. — C. Fistula 535-539.— Batka, in Bot. Zeit. (1854), 12; 
 
 brasiUana, jloreincamato'RvEY'S.,Cent.,\.h9i. — Monogr. der Cassien Gtruppe Seuua, Prague, 
 
 C. grandis L. kl., Suppl, 230.— C. MolUi 4to (1866), 1. 1-5. 
 
ISii NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 to which Batka has given the names of Senna olovata^ acutifolia," 
 and angustifolia? It appears certain that the first produces the 
 Sennas called Aleppo, Alexandria, Thebais, Senegal, and Italian 
 Senna; to the second belong the kinds known in commerce as 
 Tribute {S. de lapaltlie), Nubian, and Ethiopian j from the third come 
 Mocca, Mecca, Pike, Tinnevelly and Indian Sennas ; the last kind 
 is known in India as Suna mutka. 
 
 A large number of other Cassias* are also used in medicine in their 
 native countries. Some are purgative like the Senna-producing 
 species above ; we may cite especially C. Schimperi Steud.,* in 
 Abyssinia; C. Tora L.,^ in India; C. medica Velloz., cathartica 
 Mart., falcata L., leBvigata W.,' magnifica Mart., rugosa Don, and 
 splendida Vog., in Brazil ; C. peruviana Vog., in Peru ; C. Chamm- 
 crista L.,' emarginata L.,' decipiens Vahl, and fahulosa Gr. Don, in 
 the Antilles and neighbouring parts of South America and C. mary- 
 landica^" which produces the American Senna, in the United 
 States. 
 
 Many other Cassias serve for divers medical uses in their native 
 countries. C. Sophord^ from tropical Asia, is used in fevers, eruptions. 
 
 ' Cassia obmata Collad., op. cit., 92. — DC, substitute medicmalis and leniiiva, which have 
 
 Frodr., ii. 492, n. 34. — C. Senna /3 L. — C. Senna not the least claim to priority. 
 
 Lamk., III., t. 332, fig. 2, a, b, d ; fig. 3, b, f, g.— '' See Rosenth., op. cit., 1038-1041. 
 
 C. oltudfoUa Dei.., Fl. Mgypt., 75. — C. ara. * C cana Wendee., in Linnma, xxii. 22 (nee 
 
 ckoides BuECH. — C porturegalis Bahcb. (ex. Nees, necScHK.). — C.oJiwateHocHST. — Senna 
 
 Wight & Aen.). — C. Bwrmanni Wall., in Madr. tomentosa Batka (1849). — 8. ovalifolia Batka 
 
 Journ. (1837), 354.— C. obiwsa Wall, herb. (1860). 
 
 ( C. italioa offic. ; Fomx- Sene ; SSne de la The- * Spec, 538 (part). — DC, Frodr., n. 47. — 
 
 iaide of Nbctoux ( Voy., t. 1) ; Lena ielledy of Lindl., M. Med., 260. — C. gallinaria Collad. — 
 
 the Egyptians and Nubians). C. fostida Salisb., Frod/i\, 326. — Qallinaria 
 
 * Cassia aoiUfolia Del., Fl. M^ypt., 219, t. rotundifolia jRtjmph. — This species is also con- 
 
 27, fig. 1. — C. lanceolata, FoESK. ; Fg.-Arab., sidered an anthelmintic, and is used in India in 
 
 158, ex. DC, Frodr., n. 35 ?. — Lamk., III., t. the treatment of abdominal disorders in children. 
 
 332, fig. 2, c ; fig. 3, a. — C. ovata MfiE. & Del., It is called Gallinaria, because it is supposed to 
 
 op. cit., vi. 311t — Collad., loe. eit. — Necioux, cure several of the diseases of poultry, and es- 
 
 loc. cit. — C. tzthiopica GuiB., op. cit., 357, peciiilly their broken bones, 
 
 fig. 337. — C. lenitiva BisoH., loc. cit. {Sen6 de ' Unum., 441. — DC, Frodr., u. 23. — C. 
 
 Nabie of Necioux, loc. cit., t. 2). tropica Velloz. 
 
 " Cassia elongatah^^.-liiS.,mJonrn.Fharm,, * Spec, 542 (part). — C. pulchella Salisb., 
 
 vii. 345. — MtE. & Del., op. cit., vi„ 314. — Frodr., 826. — The type of the section of the 
 
 PEEElB.jfoe. cit., 350.— Lindl., Fl. Med., 258. — same name. 
 
 C. lanceolata KoYLE, III., 201, t. 37. — WiOHT ' Catho/rtocifrpus ema/rginata Pees. (See 
 
 & Aen., Frodr., i. 288. — Wall., in Madr. Descotiet,, Fl. Med. des Ant., ii. 231). 
 
 Journ. (1837), 354. — C. medicinalis BisoH,, loc '" L„ Spec, 541. — DC, Frodr., n. 103. 
 
 cit. — C. Fih/renlergii BisoH, — C. Foyleana C. svccedanea BeJiL. — Senna marylandica Mta,. 
 
 BisoH. — The nomenclature and synonymy of & DEL.,o^.eJ<.,vi. 321. — This species is constantly 
 
 these three specifies need a complete revision. — used in the United States as a mild purgative 
 
 Proliably the epithet Zffi»ceoZa<a which has been (SeeGniB.,Zoc.(!rt.,342. — Lindl., J^.Jfed., 261). 
 
 applied to so many diffLxent plants will have to " L. Spec, 542. — DC, Frodr., n. 31. Mee. 
 
 disappear j but it appears to us impossible to (Sc Dsji., op, cit,, ii, 130. — Rosenth., op. cit. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-C^SALPINIE^. 153 
 
 &c. C. glauca> is prescribed for gout, diabetes, &c., in the same 
 regions. C. auriculatd' is also used in the treatment of diabetes, 
 ophthalmia, and chlorosis. The seeds of C. Absus,^ a native of Africa, 
 are employed under the name of ChicMm or Tchechum, and are 
 commonly used in cases of ophthalmia in Egypt. C. occidentalis'^ 
 produces the Fedec/ose of Brazil, which bears the reputation of being an 
 antidote to poisons and a good remedy in stranguria, erysipelas of the 
 legs, &c. C. alata^ made by several authors the type of a section 
 Herpeiica^ and remarkable for the two large lateral longitudinal 
 wings of its pod, is often called Bartrier [Tetter-tree], its antiherpetio 
 properties being undoubted in India, Java, and the Antilles. 
 Medicinal powers have also been attributed to upwards of twenty 
 other species of the genus Cassia.^ 
 
 Among the purgative or laxative LeguminoscB, we must not omit to 
 cite the Tamarind, of which we shall have to treat later, on account 
 of its edible fruits, and certain species of Bauldnia and Brownea. In 
 the last genus the Venezuela Rose, B. coccinea Jacq.,^ is noted for 
 having emollient leaves and laxative refreshing flowers which are 
 hence constantly used in ptisans in the Antilles and the north of 
 the adjacent mainland or Tierra Firma. Bauldnia acuminata L. 
 and variegata L. are used in India as laxatives and carminatives." 
 
 CcBsalpiniecB possess many other medicinal properties. Parkinsonia 
 acuminata^" is cited as a febrifuge and anti-putrescent. Several 
 .species of C^esalpinia also furnish drugs. Of course all the species 
 
 1038. Its seeds are used in the Mauritius for South America; C. acuminata W. (C. Apo- 
 
 dyeing hlack, under the name of gralnes de co»i<a A UBi.) of Guiana ; C. florida Yawl [C 
 
 Cassier. sumatrana RoxB.), or Junior of the Indians ; C. 
 
 ' Lame., Diet., i. 647. — DC.,* Frodr., u. mimosoides L. (C. racMptera Hochst.); C. 
 
 67. — C. swattensis Btjbm., Fl. Ind., 97 (see venemfera Mey., &c. (see Eosehih., op. cit., 
 
 JI«E. & Del., op. cit., ii. 129). 1039, 1040). 
 
 2 Ii., Spec, 542.— DC, Prodr., n. 79. — * See above, p. 97, figs. 70-72.— Eosbnth., 
 Amai.., Mat. Med. Ind., i. 162 ; ii. 32. op. cit., 1047. 
 
 3 L., Spec, 537.— DC, Prodr., n. 126.— » See H. Bn., in Diet. Fncyel. des Sc. Med., 
 Mee. & Del., op. cit., ii. 127. viii. 585. Other species, such as P. tomentosa 
 
 * L., Spec, 539. — DC, Prodr., n. 92. — MtE. L., are antiphlogistic and antidysenteric. P. 
 
 & Del., op, cit., ii. 130. — Lindl., M. Med., 261. forficata Link., is used for its mucilaginous 
 
 ' L., ,S^eo., 541. — DC, Prodr., II. S2i. — MfiE. properties in Brazil. P. scavdensisVas Bama 
 
 & Del., op. cit., ii. 128. — Lindl., Fl. Med., loldb mubid or " mouth-opening tree" of the 
 
 260. — Senna alatti KoXB., Fl. Ind., ii. 349. Moluccas. (For the other Pamhinias (Camlo- 
 
 " DC, in Collad. Monogr., 91 ; Prod/r., ii. tretus, Phanera, Pileosiigma) employed in Asia 
 
 492, sect. iii. (see above p. 116, note 2). or Africa see Eosenth., op. cit., 1043, 1044.) 
 
 ' Especially C. AlcaJcalis Rotle, supposed to '" L., Hort. Cliff., 157, t. 13. — JaCQ., Amer., 
 
 produce the ChicMm seeds ; C. mimosoides L. ; 121, 1. 180. — Descouet., Fl. Med. des Ant., i. 
 
 C sericea Sw. (Doenga do bieko of the Brazi- 54. — RoSENTH., op. cit., 1035. 
 lians) ; C. hiflora, used as an anti-syphilitic in 
 
154 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 rich in tannin, and, as we shall see, valued for dyeing and tanning, 
 have marked astringent properties. The wood of the East Indian 
 " Sappan Tree" (C Sappan),^ is used as a powerful emmenagogue 
 in Malabar and Cochin China, while C. Nugd' serves the same 
 purposes in India. C. pulcherrima Sw.' is also used as a tonie, 
 excitant, and emmenagogue. The infusion of its leaves may even 
 produce abortion, and they are said to be purgative and to be some- 
 times employed instead of Senna.'' Severe fevers have been cured by 
 its leaves and flowers. The root is acrid and even venomous.' The 
 Guilandinas (Pr., Cniquiers, Bonducsf also enjoy a pretty extended 
 reputation as febrifuges and tonics. The seeds of C. Bonduc' maju^ 
 and minui are used in India and Gruiana, both locally and internally, 
 especially for tumours and hydrocele ; and the roots are supposed to 
 cure snake-bites.'" 
 
 The Kentucky Coffee-tree" {Chicot de Canada) and several species 
 of GleditscJiia are considered slightly astringent. "From the seeds of 
 the former is extracted an oil said to be purgative. It owes its name 
 to the fact that in the United States its roasted seeds may really be 
 used as real coffee-beans. The pulp of the Gleditschia fruits, and 
 especially of the Honey Locust {G. triacanthos L.)'^ has at first a 
 sweetish taste, which then becomes horribly astringent, bitter, and 
 even acrid. Prom the mesocarp, however, containing as it does a 
 certain amount of sweetish matter, is prepared an alcoholic drink 
 used in North America. Several other species of this genus from 
 Eastern Asia are said to have saponaceous fruits. 
 
 The so-called Copaiva- or Copaiba-balsam {baume de Copahu) is 
 undoubtedly most in request of the drugs obtained from the sub- 
 order CdBsalpiniece. This was at first supposed to be produced by a 
 single species of Copaiva-tree, namely C. officinalis L.," from the 
 
 ' L., Spec, 544. — Eheed., Sort. Malah., vi. ^ Ouilamdina Sonduo L., i^ec, 545 (yellow 
 
 t. 2.— Ahtsi., Mat. Med. Ind., ii. 450 DC, " ' 
 
 Prodr., ii. 482. — Eosenth., op. dt., 1033. ' Quiland. Bondacella L., loo. cit ('grey 
 
 " All., HoH. Kew., \\m.—DG.,Frodr. ,ii. "" 
 
 481. — Guilcmdina Nuga L., Spec., 146 (nee i" See H. Bs., in Diet. lEncycl. des So. Med., 
 
 BtiEM.). RtTMPHitrs says, moreover, that the x. 64. An emulsion of the seeds cures certain 
 
 decoction of its root cures calculous and nephri- chronic discharges. 
 
 tic affections (see Lindl., M. Med., 262. — " Oynmooladns dioica (see above, p. 83, note 
 
 Eosenth., op. cit., 1034). 1, figs. 52, 53).— Eosbkth., op. cit, 1032. 
 
 3 See above, p. 150, note 7. " L., Spec, 1509. — Dttham., Arlr., ed. 2, iv. 
 
 * LiHDL., M. Med., 263. t. 25. — Michx. F., Arlr., ii. 164, t. 10. DC.' 
 
 •* SoBOMB., in Litmtea, ix. 512. Prodr., ii. 479, n. 1. 
 
 * Sect. ChiUcmdina (see p. 74). " h.. Spec, 557. — W., Spec, ii. 630. Jacq., 
 
 ' AiT.,Bori.Kew.,'n\.32. — DC.,Pj'o<i)-.,ii.480. Amer., ISS, t. 86. — Lamk., Dici., ii. 97; m'. 
 
LEaUMINOS^-G^SALPINIEM 1«5 
 
 southern Antilles and the neighbouring regions of South America. 
 But it is now asserted that this substance is extracted from some 
 score of species more or less automonous, in Brazil, the Guianas, 
 and the States of Venezuela, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Eica, 
 &c. These species are as follows : — C. Beyric/m Hatne," bijuya W., 
 Blancheti Benth., bradeata Benth., cordifolia Hayne, coriacea Mart.,'' 
 elliptica Mart., glabra VoG., guianensis Dese.,' hymenmfolia Moric, 
 Jussieui Hayne, Langsdorffii Dese.,* lawa Hayne,' Martii Hayne, 
 muUijuga Mart. & Hayne, nitida Mart. & Hayne, oblongifolia Mart., 
 pubiflora Lindi-., Sellowii Hayne, and trapezifolia Hayne. The balsam 
 is extracted by incisions, which may be repeated twice or thrice a 
 year on vigorous trees, and of which a single one may yield as much 
 as six kilogrammes (upwards of thirteen pounds), of the oleo-resinous 
 juice. The Copaiferas of tropical Africa afford a very different pro- 
 duct, a true copal, if we admit that it is the Guibourtia^ of Sierra 
 Leone that produces the African copal known as African Eed Gum 
 and Yellow Gum. It is now certain that the true resins copal and 
 anirae,' due to Leguminosce, are produced by species of Hymeneea. 
 GuiBOTjRT,' who has made a special study of these, substances, 
 now so much used for making varnishes, distinguishes between 
 the hard and soft animes, the one kind eastern, exuding from 
 Hymeneea verrucosa^ in Madagascar and on the east coast of Africa, 
 the other western, produced in South America by Hymeneea Cour- 
 baril^ and a fair number of other species more or less distinctly 
 
 t. 342.— WOODV., Med,. Bot., 3, t. 137.— DC, 367. This light-coloured copal, we are told, 
 
 JProdr., ii. 508, n. 1. — H. B. K., Nov. Gen, et forms at most but a part of the resin exported 
 
 Spec, vi. t. 659. — M^k. & Del., Diet., ii. 414. — from Sierra Leone (Welw., in Jowrn. Lirm. 8oc., 
 
 GuiB., Drag. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 432.— A. Rich., ix. 298). 
 
 Mem. d'Hist. Nat. Med., ed. 4, ii. 304. — ^ In Sev. Scieniif., xvi. (1844), 177 ; Drag. 
 
 Peebiea, Elem. Mat. Med., ed. 5, ii. p. ii., Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 423. 
 
 364. — C. Jaequini Dese., in Mem. Mus., vii. ^ G.KBTN., Fruct., iii. 306, t. 139, fig. 7. — 
 
 376. — LiNDi., Fl. Med., 278. — Kosenth., Si/n. Traehylohium verrueosum Hatke (see p, 108, 
 
 PI. Diaph., 1046 (New Spain Resin, Columbian notes 4, 6, fig. 84). 
 
 Copaiva, and oceiie de Caffljme of New Granada). '" L., Spec, 587.— ^Vahi, Fol. Amer., ii. 
 
 ' In lAnnma, i. 426 ; in Dune Suppl. to the 30. — Lamk., III., t. 330, fig. 1. — DC, 
 
 Udinh. New Disp., 45 (ex Feb., loc. cit.). LSgum., xii. t. 26, fig. 120; Prodr., ii. 511, n. 
 
 2 In Isis (1824), 589.— DC, Prodr., n. 4 1.— iVI^B. & Del., Diet., iii. 565.— Gtjib., Drag. 
 
 ^Dializm?). Simpl-., ed. 4, iii. 332, fig. 334.— Likdl., Fl. 
 
 ^ Doe. cit., t. 13. Med., 266. — EOSENTH., op. cit., 1042 (Copalier 
 
 ■* Loc. cit., 377, t. 14. d'Amerique [American Copal-Tree], Simiri of 
 
 ' Co^aiva do campo of Minas-Gcraes ; Para the Galibis, Locast-Tree of the English. The 
 
 Oopaiva. resin is called jatahy, jatchy, jatoha in Brazil, 
 
 * Copaifera copallina. — C. Guibourtiana and Copal d'Algarroho in New Granada. It is 
 
 Benth, in Tram, lArm. Soc, xxv. 317. — used as a drug in Brazil in lung complaints, 
 
 Guihowtia copallina Benn., in Journ, Lirm. such as coughs and haemoptysis. The decoction 
 
 Soc, i. 150. of the inner bark is used as a vermifuge, accord- 
 
 '' Danibm, in Pharm. Journ., xvi. (1857), ing to Maceadten (Fl. Jamaio., i. 349). 
 
156 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 characterized, especially H. Candolleana H. B. K., confertifolia Hatne,' 
 confertiflora Mart., latifolia Hatne, Olfersiana Hayne, Sellowiana 
 Hatne, stigonocarpa Mart., stilbocarpa Hatne, and venosa Vahl.^ 
 The origin of the copal so largely exported from the west of tropical 
 Africa is even at the present day still very doubtful. Perhaps some 
 of it exudes from the trunk of a living species of Cynometra^ 
 Perhaps, again, it was formerly produced by trees whose species is 
 now extinct in the country,^ and in this case constitutes a sort of 
 fossil resin like yellow amber.' 
 
 Besides these resinous matters and the astringent principles of which 
 we have spoken, the wood of Casalpiniece often contains colouring 
 matters ; so that several of these plants are prized by the dyer. We 
 shall review the chief of them. 
 
 Logwood, or Campeachy-wood {Bois de CampMie, d'Inde), one of the 
 best known dyestuffs, is produced by Htsmatoxylon campechianum L.," 
 which grows not only in and around Campeachy, but in the Antilles, 
 Venezuela, and Guiana. This wood, of a rather pale brownish-red 
 colour, becomes bright red in the air, and blackish when exposed to 
 damp. Heavy, close-grained, and taking a fine polish, it is valued 
 for cabinet-making. It is its colouring principle, called hcematine 
 or hcematoxylin, that renders the wood chiefly available for dyeing 
 black, blue, or violet. The wood, moreover, contains astringent 
 principles, also found in the bark and gum. These products are 
 used in certain intestinal affections, and especially the decoction of 
 the wood in cases of chronic diarrhoea, in the Antilles and the United 
 
 ' See Arzneig., t. 7-16, 18, 19. — Mast., Mat, Distr. of the Gf-um Copal in Angola (loo. cit., 
 
 Med. Sras., 115. 301). [See also KiBZ, On the Copal of Zanzibar 
 
 2 lEcl. Amer,, ii. 31 (see p. 108, notes 3, 5). (Journ. Linn. Soc, xi, 1) and On Copal (loe. 
 
 ^ C. laxiflora Benth., in Trans. lAnn. Soc, cit., 479).] 
 XXV. 318. Cynometra, whose leaves often re- * Among the plants producing a resin more 
 
 semblc those of Hymencea, has more than once or less closely allied to anime may be cited 
 
 been confounded with it. Thus M. (Trachy- DaniellathuriferaB^^T<i.(^iiPharmaceut.Jonrn., 
 
 labium) Martiana Hayne [loc. cit., t. 17) is a xiv. 251 ; — H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 186), which 
 
 Cynometra. Wblwitsoh (loc. cit., 295) gives afibrds the bumbo or bungbo of Sierra Leone, and 
 
 this plant as a synonym of S. verrucosa Lamk. which has been mentioned as producing some of 
 
 The Nam^namof India is C. camliflora L., {Spec, the African copal. 
 
 547 ; — Lamk., III., t. 381, fig. 1 ;— DC, Prodr., " Spec, 549.— Sloan., Sist., t. 10, fig. 1-4.— 
 
 ii. 509, n. 1). According to Rttmphius (Herb. Blackw., Herb., t. 463. — Lamk., III., t. 340. — 
 
 Amboin., i. t. 62) its roots are purgative, and the DC, Frodr., ii. 485. — Mis.. & Del.. Diet., iii. 
 
 oil obtained from the seeds cures itch and other 449. — GniB., Drog. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 317. — A. 
 
 cutaneous diseases. C.ra«s|^o»'aL.(iS^ec., 547;— ElOH., -Eiem., ed. 4, ii. 324. — Pekelea, jBJero. 
 
 DC, loc. cit., n. 2 ; — Eheed., Hort. Malab., iv. Mat. Med., ed. 5, ii. p. ii., 345. — Lindl., M. 
 
 t. si) has similar properties. Med., 264. — Rosenth., Syn. Plant. Diaplior., 
 
 * This is the opinion maintained by Wel- 1035 (Lignum neph/riticum Heen.) (see p. 78, 
 
 WITSCH in his Obs. on the Orig. and the Geogr. figs. 49-51). 
 
LBGUMINOS^-GMBALFmmM. 157 
 
 States. It has also been recommended in cholera and dysentery, 
 and has been considered as efficacious as kino or catechu. Many 
 species of Ceesalpinia also furnish dyestuffs, usually red. The 
 following species are mentioned among others : — CeBsalpinia echinata,^ 
 supposed to produce the Brazil-wood, Pernambuco, St. Martha, and 
 Antilles-wood ; C. Sappan,^ the Sappan-wood or bukkum-wood of 
 India ; C. crista,^ also sometimes called Brazil-wood or Bresillot ; C. 
 brasiliensis* the Brasilletto or Eed-wood of Jamaica ; and C. tinctorid 
 of Peru and Colombia, used like the preceding species for dyeing 
 red and black; C. hafbamensii and Sepiaria,^ though less in request, 
 possess the same properties. As tinctorial plants are also used 
 Cassia hrasiliand' and awiculata, the Hymenaas which Allemao has 
 named Peltogyne Guarabu and macrolobium,^ several Bauhinias,^" Eperua 
 falcata Aubl.," Vouapa Simiria Aubl.,'^ Melanosoylon Brauna Schott," 
 &c. 
 
 Nearly all the arborescent Ccesalpiniea afford useful and often 
 valuable woods, a mine of wealth for tropical countries. The struc- 
 ture of these woods should be studied by observers on the spot. 
 The botanical origin of many of the commercial species or kinds is 
 but little known. Thus, the true origin of the American Angelica 
 and Vouacapou woods, so-called, was long unknown. The former 
 belongs to Dicorynia paraensis Benth.," a fine tree from Guiana and 
 South Brazil, very solid for building purposes, and resisting the 
 action of damp ; it is hence used for making bridges, balustrades, 
 and railway sleepers.^' The latter wood does not belong to an 
 Andira, as was thought, but to a member of the series Sclero- 
 
 ' Lamk., Diet., i. 461. — DC, Frod/r., ii. 483, ' Ex Rosenth., op. cit., 1041. 
 
 n. 19. — Quila/adina echinata SPEEira., Syst., ii. '" Especially B. variegaia (EoxB., ex LiNri., 
 
 327 {Ibirapitanga Mabcge.). Veg. Kingd., 550). 
 
 2 L., Spec, 544. — EoxB., PI. Coromamd., i. " Gmom., i. 369, t. 142. — Dimorplia falcata 
 
 t. 16. — DC, Frod/r,, u. 6. — GuiB., op. cit., iii. Sm., in Mees Cyclop., n. 8. Its bark is bitter, 
 
 317. and is nsed as an emetic by the Arrawack Indians. 
 
 ^ L., Spec, 544. — DC, Frodr., n. 11. '^ Ghiian.., i. 26, t. 8. — F. violaced Lamk., 
 
 ■• L., Spec, 544 (part.). — DC, Frodr., n. 5. — III., t. 420. — Macrolohium Simira GmbIi., Syst., 
 
 C. bahamensis Lamk. ? i. 93. — M. sphisrocarpvm W., Spec, i. 186. 
 
 ' Cat., Prcel., ex DC, Cat. Sort. Monsp., " ^p. SEBEi!r&., Syst, Cur. Fast., 406. — 
 
 84. — Coulteria tinctoriaK. B. K., Nov. Gen.ef EOSBKTH., op. cit., 1032. — Ferittium ferru- 
 
 Spec, VI. 329, t. 569. — C Gat, Fl. Chit., ii. gineum VoG., in lAnncea, xi. 408 (Maria preta 
 
 222. — Foineiama Tara E. & Pat., ex DC, of the Brazilians). 
 
 Frodr., ii. 481, n. 3. — Tara tvnctoria Moi., " In SooTc. jowrn., ii. 82. 
 
 CMl., 164. — Foinciana spinosa Fbuiil. (Tara- '* A wood of the highest value for naval 
 
 tara of the Chilians). purposes, being proof against insects and ship- 
 
 ' Lamk., Diet., i. 461. — DC, Frodr., n. 10. worms. It supplies pieces of timber of 15 or 20 
 
 ' EoxB., M. Ind., ii. 860. metres long. Three varieties are known — black, 
 
 * See p. 151, note 8. red, and white (strength=215 kilos.). 
 
158 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lobiece, to Vouacapoua americana Axjbl.' Its colour is a dark brown, 
 varying in depth and variegated with whitish spots, whose form varies 
 with the direction of the section ; its great solidity renders it 
 valuable for building and many domestic purposes in Guiana.^ The 
 Copaiva-trees have yet finer and handsomer woods, preferably 
 employed by the cabinet-maker. That of Copaifera officinalis is 
 used for marqueterie in the Antilles. The so-called Amaranth 
 woods' of Guiana belong to C. hracteata, and, we are told, to C. 
 pubijlora also. They are fine, hard, and elastic, even resisting 
 artillery discharges, and are hence used for making fine furniture, 
 and all kinds of constructions." The Courbaril woods are also of 
 good quality. That of HymencEa Courbaril L.* (the West Indian 
 Locust-tree) is red, hard, and full of specks, which look as though 
 engraved; it is used in the manufacture of very strong furniture 
 and utensils.^ Several other species afford good timber. Mela- 
 noxylon Brauna Schott, the Guarauna of Brazil, is a fine tree with 
 an incorruptible, tough, black heart- wood, one of the best in the 
 country for building." The chief kinds of Iron-wood {Bois de fer) of 
 the same country are Apuleia ferrea Mart., and the Juca [Ccesal- 
 pinia ferrea Maet.°), the woods of the Vignatico {Bchirospermum 
 Balthasari Allem.'), and the Cana fistula [Cassia brasiliana Lamk.""), 
 are also cited as excellent. The oily Vouapa or Eperu, the wood of 
 Mperua falcata,^^ the Wallaba-tree, impregnated with a resinous oil 
 that renders it very durable, is prized in Guiana ; so, too, is that of 
 E. {Parivoa) grandifiora^'^ used, among other purposes, in the fabri- 
 cation of the juruparis^^ of the Amazon ; and especially that of the 
 magnificent Bimorphandra eoocelsa^^ which attains a height of upwards 
 of 160 feet. CcRsalpinia insignis^^ from the Amazon, is, we are told, 
 one of the Eosewoods of commerce. At the Cape of Good Hope 
 
 ' See p. 88, note 4. * Both are also termed Vao ferro, or False 
 
 * Gtjib., Bro^. Simple, ed. 4, iii. 331. Brazil Iron-wood. 
 
 3 Diatinguished as red and purple Amaranths ' Ex Saidahha, op. cif., 39, t. 3 {Cassia ?). 
 
 (Fm-ple-woocC, Purple-heart of the English ; '° See p. 151, note 3.— Saxdahha, op. cit., 43. 
 
 Simiridi of the Galibis and Arrawacks). " See p. 105, note 1. 
 
 ' It is also used for gun-carriages, railway- Z IT ?' ,^?^' "°'^ ^' ^^'- ^^' ^^• 
 
 sleepers, &c (see Gvi3., loc. cit, 322.— Lindi., ' .'""^\?l instruments used by the Indians in 
 
 Vea. Kmgd.,550). <=^^'/l° ''^^'g"'"/ Cfe-nomes. 
 f„ con/ V Tno i T\ " Moraea;celsaSoB.owB.,\n Trans. I/inn., Soc, 
 
 > Spec, 53T (see abo^e. p. 108, note 1). ^^;;; 207.-The seeds of certain Dimorph^as 
 
 ' GuiB., loc. cit., 323.— EoSEKTH., op. cit, are supposed to contain the largest dicotyledonous 
 
 1042. embryos known. 
 
 ' J. BE Salbahha, Configar. das Fr. " Poinciana insignis K., Mimos., t. 44. 
 
 MadeUr., 94, t. 2. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi., 333. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-G^SALPINIEM 159 
 
 several Schotias are valued for their hard whitish wood, especially 
 -5'. latifolia} Among the remaining African Casalpinieeg valuable 
 for their wood we may mention Afzelia africana,^ common on the 
 banks of the Casamance, whose wood is hard and close-grained, 
 clouded with light violet ; Betarium microcarpum^ of Senegal, ex- 
 cellent for boat-building ; and Bialium nitidum* or Solome^ of Sene- 
 gambia, for fine carpenter's work and turning. The only woods 
 from India and the Indian Archipelago which are cited as useful 
 are those of Afzelia bijuga, Bialium indicurd (Tamarind Plum), Saraca 
 indica,^ the Sappan and Tamarind, and several Baukinias? These 
 last have often a textile bark : coarse but strong ropes are made from 
 that of B. tomentosa L., purpurea Sw., Adansonia,^ and reticulata}" 
 In this order, as a rule, the barks furnish but few useful products, 
 except those rich in tannin and used in preparing skins. We may, 
 however, refer to that of Burkea}^ which passes for an astringent and 
 tonic ; that of Cadia, used in the treatment of intestinal complaints 
 in Arabia ;'^ that of several American Cassias, a febrifuge ; that of 
 Brownea coccinea^ much used in piles; and finally, that of the 
 Abyssinian Kantuffa, on which Bruce" wrote so interesting a chapter, 
 and which belongs to Pterolobium Kantuffa}^ The trunks of various 
 species of GleditscMa, Gymnodadus, Cercis, and Ceratonia are used for 
 timber in temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. 
 
 ' Jac(}., Fragm., 23, t. 15, fig. 4. — DC, variegata L., &c. — (See EoSENTH., op. cit., 
 
 Frodr., ii. 508, n. 6. — Haev. & Sond., M. Cap,, 1043, 1044. — Beuce, Voyag., trad. Castee, 
 
 ii. 274. — EoSENTH., op. cit., 1041. — Omphalo- v. 73). 
 
 hium Schotia Jacq. (2%e Soar JSmim of the ' GniLi,. & Peee., M. Setieg. Tent., i. 265 
 
 Dutch colonists). (JJowmd of the negroes). 
 
 2 Smith, in Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 221. — " Guiii. & Peee., op. cit., 266, t. 60.^ 
 
 Gtjill. & Peee., Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 263, t. 57. B. Thomangii Schtjm., Beslcr., i. 228 {GUgliis of 
 
 ^ GniLi,. & Peee., op. cit., 271 (DanJc of the the negroes). — The hark is very astringent, and 
 
 Cayor natives). much usediu chronic dysentery; gum sweats from 
 
 * GuiLL. & Peee., op. cit., 267, t. 58. — the leaves. 
 
 D. guineense W., in Saem. Arch., 1, 31, t. 6. — " Especially that of B. africana HoOK., and 
 
 H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 198. — (See ahove, page that of another hroad-leaved species from Angola, 
 
 129, note 4, figs. 114—117). which we call B. Caperangan ; its decoction is 
 
 * Sorum or Solum of the Cape Verde negroes, used by the women to give firmness to their 
 Koagto of the Mandingos. organs. 
 
 ^ D. Inttrnnlj., Mantiss., 24. — XiC, Frodr.,\\. " The infused leaves of C.purpwrea serve the 
 
 520, n. 1. — EosBNTH., op. cit., 1046. same purpose. 
 
 ' Ij., Maatiss.,d8. — Jonesia AsocaVio^B., Cat. " Jacq., Amer., 194, t. 12\.—DC,Frodr., 
 
 Sort. Calc, 26. — DC, Prod/r., ii. 487, n. 1. — ii. 477, n. 2 {Mose de Montagne of the Venezae- 
 
 J. pinnata, W., Spec, ii. 287. — This plant is lans. — See above, p. 97, figs. 70-72. — RoSENTH., 
 
 cultivated in our conservatories for the sake of its op. cit., 1047). 
 beautiful orange-calyxed flowers. The inflores- '* Voyag., loc. cit., 64. 
 
 cences are offered to the gods in the temples of '° P. lacerans E. Be., in App. Sail., 64 (part). 
 
 India, as are those of Amherstia nohiUs. ■ — Qua/rtinia dbyssimca A. EiCH., in Ann. Sc. 
 
 ' Especially BamUnia acuminata L., which Nat. sir. 2, xiv., 260, 1. 14 ; xv. 180. — Mimosa 
 
 produces a kind of 'Ehoay-wooi,putpurea Bkntf., Kantuffa DC, Prodr., ii. 431. 
 
160 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 There are but few edible seeds and fruits in Leguminosee. The 
 pericarp is rarely fleshy. That, however, of Betarium senegalense^ 
 " about as big as an apricot, has a greenish floury flesh, traversed by 
 numerous fibres spreading from an orbicular stone resembling that 
 of the peach. It is extensively consumed by both negro and monkey, 
 and is brought in considerable quantities to the markets of Goree, 
 and even of St. Louis."'' The Bialiums of the same country have also 
 edible pericarps, especially D. nitidum, which has " subcompressed 
 rounded fruits, black and velvety within, full of a moistish floury 
 pulp, of a very agreeable subacid taste, and much prized by negroes, 
 monkeys, and other animals."' In the Courbarils (HymetKBd), too, 
 it is the pulp produced inside the pericarp that is the edible portion 
 of the fruit. Formed, as we have seen, of hairs gorged with starchy 
 and resinous matters, it finally dries up and is so usually eaten. The 
 pericarp itself is impregnated with astringent resinous matters. 
 Astringency is strongly developed, too, in the pericarp of the 
 CtBsalpinias," especially in those hence used for tanning. The chief 
 are the Divi-divi or lAbidibi pods,' the fruits of C. coriaria, and the 
 Algarobillas or Algarovillos of South America, the fruits of C. gla- 
 hrata^ (?). The pods of C. crista, corymhosa Benth., Cacalaco,^ &c., 
 are also rich in tannin. Those of C. brevifolia^ are also exported 
 from Chili under the name of Algarrobilos, the pericarp being rich in 
 resin and tannin. In the Carobs and Tamarinds it is the mesocarp 
 which becomes thick and fleshy ; but the chief principles in its paren- 
 chyma are sweet or acid. Thus the Carobs, or Karouba, contain a 
 firm, soft, sweet, nutritious flesh, eaten in the Mediterranean and 
 used as fodder in Spain under the name of Algarobo and in England 
 under that of Locust-beans." In the fruits of Tamarindus indica}" the 
 parenchyma of the mesocarp, when freed from the flbro-vascular 
 
 ' Gmei., Syst., Ui. 700. — DC, Prodr., ii. 521. fruits represented by Chiilourt (loc. cif., fig. 361). 
 
 — HooKl.JTJjfer, 329. — H. BN.,in Adansonia, vi. ' H. B., FLJUquin., ii. 1. 137. — DC, Prodr., 
 
 200 (^Niey-datach of the negroes). n. 14. 
 
 ^ Guilli. & Peeb., Fl. Sen. Tent., i. 270. ^ Balsamoearpon hrevifolimn Cl., apud C. 
 
 s GuiiL. & Pbbe., loc. cit., 268. Gay, Fl. CUl., ii. 228, t. 20. 
 
 * W., Spec, ii. 532. — DC, Frodr., ii. 483, ii. ' Prom it is prepared a tonic wine and a 
 
 16. — K., Mimos., t. 4:5. — C. rAomtEaj SPEENa. — syrup used in Egypt for preserving tamarinds, 
 
 Poinciana coriaria Jaoq., Amer., 123, t. 175, myrobalans, &c. (GuiB., op. cif., ii. 349, fig. 347. 
 
 fig. 36. — Mfe. & Del., Did., ii. 180; — A. Rich., 
 
 5 Nacascol, OaaUa-pma, Mmta-pana (Gtjib., M^m., ed. 4, ii. 225 ; — BosENTH., op. cit., 1046). 
 
 Drog. Simpl., ed. 4, ii. 368, fig. 360 ; — Eosehth., The fruits were the siliqurB dulces of tlie old 
 
 op. cit., 1034). physicians. 
 
 « H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 326.— »» See page 100, n. 1, figs. 73-76.— The wood is 
 
 DC, Prodr., n. 13. — These are perhaps the good for building, cart -making, &c. It is the 
 
LEGUMINOS^-C^SALPimS^. 161 
 
 bundles which traverse it, is a yellow or brownish pulp, sweet, acid, 
 and slip:htly astringent, long employed in medicine as a laxative and 
 antiputrescent ; it was formerly used in the old electuaries known as 
 lenitif, catholicon double, &c.' From it is made a pleasant subacid 
 preserve. Tamarind and Carob seeds were, we are told, the original 
 carats used by jewellers to weigh against precious stones. The 
 albumen contained in these seeds, as in those of Afzelia hijuga, may 
 be roasted and eaten. So, too, with those of BauMnia Vahlii Benth., 
 the Cape ScJiotias, and several Indian Casalpinias. The enormous seeds 
 of Prioria Copaifera GtRIseb. have edible embryos, and are sold at 
 Panama under the name of Cativa or Amanza muger.^ Oil is extracted 
 from the seeds of Ccssalpinia oleosperma Eoxb., C. {Guilandina) JBonduc, 
 Bauhinia tomentosa L., Bicorynia paraensis Benth., &c. The edible 
 part of the seeds of Afzelia africana is the orange-coloured fleshy aril, 
 which rises from the hilum to form a deep sac or cupule.' 
 
 DaTckar of Senegal, the Balam pulli of India ' Benth., in Trans. lAnn. Soo,, xxiii. 390. 
 
 (GuiB., op. cit., ii. 348, fig. 346 ;— M4b. & Del., ^ Gtjili. & Peee., Fl. Sen., Tent., i. 264.— 
 
 op. cit., vi. 633). EOSENTH., Syn. Plant. Diaph., 1044. 
 
 ' Such as diaprun, confection Samech, and 
 pst/lUnm. 
 
 VOL. II. M 
 
162 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. CADIE.E. 
 
 1. Cadia Forsk. — Flowers hermaphrodite regular; receptacle 
 broadly cupuliform or campanulate, lined by a disk with 10-crenu- 
 late margin. Calyx perigynous 5 -partite; sepals valvate-subre- 
 duplicate in aestivation. Petals 5, equal alternisepalous free, oblong- 
 obovate or suborbicular, shortly unguiculate, contorted or variably 
 imbricated ; highest petal sometimes innermost, sometimes outer- 
 most. Stamens 10, perigynous, 5 oppositipetalous shorter, 5 alterni- 
 petalous ; filaments free ; anthers introrse 2-celled, dehiscing longi- 
 tudinally, finally versatile. German central free stipitate ; ovules cd, 
 2-seriate parietal descending : micropyle superior extrorse ; style 
 short curved; stigma small terminal. Legume linear acuminate 
 piano-compressed coriaceous, continuous within, ao-seeded, 2-valved. 
 Seeds unequally-ovate compressed exarillate ; embryo exalbuminous 
 fleshy ; radicle superior inflexed accumbent. — Unarmed shrubs ; 
 leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, small exstipellate ; sti- 
 pules 2, small lateral ; flowers rather large, solitary or in few- 
 flowered pendulous lateral racemes, axillary or terminal {Eastern 
 tropical Africa, and adjoining islands). See p. 69. 
 
 11. EUCtESALPINIE^. 
 
 2. Csesalpinia Plum. — Flowers hermaphrodite, more or less 
 irregular ; receptacle evenly or unevenly cupuliform, lined by a disk. 
 Calyx 5-partite ; sepals unequal ; aestivation imbricate (lowest sepal 
 enveloping 2 lateral and often larger cymbiform), or much more 
 rarely subvalvate or valvate {Melanosticta). Petals 5, free, unequal, 
 much imbricated ; highest petal larger or smaller, innermost in 
 aestivation. Stamens 10, perigynous free declinate ; filaments 
 glandular or villous at base; anthers uniform introrse 2-celled, 
 dehiscing longitudinally. Grermen subsessile free at bottom of 
 receptacle ; style terete ; apex stigmatiferous, truncate or clavate, 
 or more rarely concave or broadly peltate {Peltojohorum) ; ovules few 
 
LEGUMIN0SJE-0JE8ALPINIEJ11. 163 
 
 descending. Legume of variable form; in some cases straight 
 tortuous or subfalcate, tliick, spongy or coriaceous, subcarnose, 
 indebiscent or tardily 2-valved {LibidiUa, PeltopJtorum, Coul- 
 teria), resinous subtorulose {Balsamocarpon) ; sutures sometimes 
 thickened {Cinclidocarpus) ; in other cases legume 2-valved, 
 thin coriaceous, sprinkled with glands or short bristles {Ikythro- 
 stemon, Hoffmanseggia, Pomaria), straight or falcate ; or else eglan- 
 dular {CcBsalpinarid), ovate or oblong, unarmed {Nugaria), more 
 rarely somewhat turgid echinate [Guilandind), or broadly falcate or 
 straight with truncate apex and coriaceous valves {Sappania). Seeds 
 few or solitary, ovate obovate orbicular globose or ovoid ; testa 
 coriaceous ; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat or cordate ; 
 radicle short straight. — Trees or shrubs, more rarely undershrubs or 
 herbs {Hoffmameggia), either unarmed {Coulteria, Casalpinaria, 
 LibidiUa, Ergthrostemon), or glandular {Pomaria, Balsdmocarpon), or 
 prickly, high climbing {CincUdocarpus, Guilandina, Nugaria, Sap- 
 pania) ; leaves alternate, 2- or more rarely simply-pinnate {Pari- 
 pinnaria, Cenostigma) ; leaflets rather large, coriaceous or herbaceous, 
 or small numerous ; stipules of variable form ; flowers in simple, 
 axillary or terminal, and in branching racemes ; bracts small or 
 large, usually very caducous {All hot regions). See p. 71. 
 
 3. Zuccagnia Cav. — Flowers small (of Ceesalpinid) ; ovary shortly 
 stipitate, 1 -ovulate; style filiform, rather thick ; stigma terminal con- 
 cave, minutely ciliate. Legume short subovate, 2-valved; valves 
 covered with long bristles; seed descending ovate flat; embryo 
 exalbuminous ; cotyledons broad flat, cordate at base ; radicle 
 straight short. — A glutinous shrub; leaves alternate pinnate; 
 leaflets small coriaceous ; stipules minute caducous ; flowers in 
 terminal racemes ; bracts very caducous {Andine Chili). See 
 p. 76. 
 
 4. Farkiusouia Plum. — Flowers of Ccesalpinia ; ovary cx)-ovulate ; 
 style slender ; apex evenly or obliquely truncated. Legume linear 
 torulose, indebiscent or sub-2-valved ; valves rather thick, or thin 
 coriaceous, convex over the seeds, often constricted between 
 them, striated. Seeds oblong albuminous. — Trees ; leaves alternate 
 2-pinnate; petiole short spiniform ; pinnae 2-4, flattened, cc-foliolate; 
 stipules small, often spinescent ; flowers in axillary racemes ; bracts 
 
 M 2 
 
164 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 caducous {Hot regions of Jmerica, Mexico, southern Africa). 
 See p. 77. 
 
 5. Cercidium Tul. — Flowers of Ccesalpinia ; sepals subequal, 
 valvate or subimbricate with obliquely -cut margins. Stamens 10 ; 
 filaments pilose at base ; anthers uniform ovate versatile. Grermen 
 sbortly stipitate, oo -ovulate ; style involute, apex acute ; stigma 
 small terminal. Legume linear-oblong piano- compressed, mem- 
 branous or subcoriaceous, 2-valved ; sutures nerviform j valves venu- 
 lose. Seeds ovate compressed albuminous. — Trees or shrubs ; 
 branches usually tortuous ; axillary twigs spinescent ; leaves small 
 2-pinnate ; leaflets small paucijugate ; flowers fascicled in short lax 
 racemes at defoliated nodes of wood ; bracts small membranous ,- 
 bractlets small or {Central America, Mexico). See p. 77. 
 
 6. Mezonetiruni Desf. — Plowers of Caesalpinia ; receptacle cupuli- 
 form or obliquely cymbiform, glandular within, sometimes subrostrate 
 posteriorly. Sepals 5, unequal (lowest sepal usually much the 
 largest) free, finally spreading or coalescing into a rather long 
 tube, much imbricated. Petals of Ceesalpinia ; highest petal 
 innermost, usually unlike the others, sometimes having within 
 above the base a small unequally-corrugated laciniate appendix. 
 Stamens 10 ; filaments glabrous or pilose at base. Germen 2- cc- 
 ovulate ; style usually clavate at apex ; stigma terminal small, 
 usually concave minutely ciliate. Legume piano-compressed, 
 membranous or coriaceous, longitudinally winged at superior suture, 
 indehiscent or sub-2-valved. Seeds transverse piano-compressed, 
 orbicular or reniform ; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat ; 
 radicle short straight. — Trees or more frequently high climbing 
 shrubs, often prickly ; leaves 2-pinnate ; stipules small or ; flowers 
 in axillary simple or terminal compound racemes; bracts usually 
 caducous ; bractlets {Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia). 
 See p. 78. 
 
 7. Haematoxylon L. — Flowers subregular ; receptacle cupuli- 
 form subhemispherical, glandular within. Sepals 5, subequal, much 
 imbricated. Petals 5, oblong spreading subequal imbricated. Stamens 
 10, perigynous uniform; 5 oppositipetalous shorter. Grermeu 
 inserted in bottom of receptacle, free, shortly stipitate, pauci- 
 
LUGUMINOaM-C^SALPmm^. 165 
 
 (usually 2-) ovulate ; style slender ; stigma small capitate. Legume 
 lanceolate piano-compressed membranous leaf-like, indehiscent at 
 sutures but bursting longitudinally down middle of valves to form 
 2 unequal navicular pseudovalves. Seed 1 (more rarely 2), trans- 
 versely oblong; hilum ventral depressed; embryo exalbuminous 
 fleshy; cotyledons with 2 widely divaricating lobes, narrowed at 
 base ; radicle very short straight, retracted between lobes of coty- 
 ledons. — A glabrous tree ; leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate ; leaflets 
 paucijugate, unevenly obovate ; stipules sometimes minute deci- 
 duous, sometimes spinescent persistent ; flowers in short axillary, 
 solitary or fascicled racemes ; bracts minute caducous {Tropical and 
 subtropical America). See p. 78. 
 
 8. Poinciana L. — Flowers subregular (of C(Bsalpinia\ ; sepals 5, 
 subequal thick valvate. Petals subequal (or highest innermost 
 unlike the rest), much imbricated. Stamens 10 (of Ccesalpinia), 
 exserted. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate, central or somewhat 
 excentric, oo-ovulate ; style thin, short or elongated ; apex some- 
 times clavate ; stigma small terminal, truncate or minutely ciliate. 
 Legume elongated piano-compressed, sometimes very long, hard 
 veined, replete between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds oblong ; testa hard ; 
 embryo albuminous ; cotyledons rather thick ; radicle straight short 
 exserted. — Unarmed trees ; leaves 2-pinnate ; stipules minute or ; 
 flowers handsome, in racemes or corymbs on extremities of twigs ; 
 bracts small caducous ; bractlets {East Indies, hot regions and 
 islands of Eastern Africa). See p. 80. 
 
 9. Colvillea Boj. — Flowers of Poinciana; calyx ventricose; 
 sepals coriaceous thick induplicate-valvate, connate at apex into a 
 5- or more rarely 4-toothed sac, highest tooth broader ; calyx finally 
 separating by circumscission from base. Corolla oi Poinciana ; highest 
 petal innermost and broader. Stamens 10 (of Ceesalpiwia). Germen 
 subcentral free cx>-ovulate; style slender; apex obtuse stigma- 
 tiferous. " Legume elongated straight thick turgid 2-valved. 
 Seeds transverse oblong ; hilum small." — An unarmed tree ; leaves 
 2-pinnate Gofoliolate; stipules minute caducous; flowers in thick 
 branched racemes ; rachis thickened ; bracts membranous coloured 
 caducous ; bractlets {Madagascar). See pt 80. 
 
166 NATUBAL EI8T0ET OF PLANTS. 
 
 10. Acrocarpus Wight. — Flowers subregular ; receptacle cam- 
 panulate, lined by a disk ; calyx and corolla subregular. Sta- 
 mens 5, alternipetalous equal exserted. Germen central stipitate 
 
 oo-ovulate ; style short inflexed ; stigma small terminal. Legume 
 elongated cc-seeded, on very long stalk. Seeds . . . ? — An un- 
 armed tree ; leaves large 2-pinnate ; leaflets ovate acuminate her- 
 baceous ; flowers expanding before leaves, rather large, racemose ; 
 racemes solitary axillary, or in twos or threes at extremities of 
 branches; bracts and bractlets small caducous (East Indies). 
 See p. 81. 
 
 11. Wagatea Dalz. — Flowers subregular (of Casalpinia) ; recep- 
 tacle long, campanulate or subtubular, lined by a disk ; calyx and 
 corolla subregular inbricated. Stamens 10, free, markedly peri- 
 gynous. Grermen inserted in bottom of receptacle, free oo-ovulate ; 
 style subclavate at apex; stigma concave oblique sub-2-labiate. 
 " Legume oblong-linear acute coriaceous, transversely depressed 
 between seeds ; sutures thickened. Seeds obovate-oblong ; testa thick 
 bony ; radicle very short, straight." — High climbing prickly 
 shrubs ; leaves 2-pinnate ; leaflets numerous ; flowers in long 
 simple or branched spikes ; rachis thick, pitted at insertion of each 
 flower; bracts small caducous {East Indies). See p. 81. 
 
 1 2. Pterolobium E. Be. — Flowers subregular ; receptacle slightly 
 concave, lined by a disk. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, imbri- 
 cated. Stamens 10, free; anthers introrse 2-rimose. Grermen 
 central sessile, 1-2-ovulate ; style short or long ; apex truncate or 
 concave, stigmatiferous. Legume sessile compressed samaroid 
 indehiscent 1-seeded ; placentary margin oblique, produced into a 
 membranous, oblong or falcate wing. Seed descending compressed ; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons flattened ; radicle short straight. — 
 Trees or high climbing shrubs, prickly ; leaves 2-pinnate ; stipules 
 small or ; flowers in loosely-branched terminal racemes ; bracts 
 very caducouis; bractlets {Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia). 
 See p. 82. 
 
 ] 3. Barklya, F. Muell. — Flowers subregular (of Pterolobium) ; 
 receptacle cupuliform, lined by a disk. Calyx gamosepalous, shortly 
 toothed, imbricated. Petals subequal with rather long claws ; 
 
LBGTJMmOS^-CMSALPINIEM. 167 
 
 highest petal of variable sestivation, never outermost. Stamens 10, 
 perigynous subequal ; anthers uniform sagittate introrse 2-rimose. 
 Germ en stipitate pauciovulate ; style short apiculate ; apex undi- 
 lated stigmafciferous. "Legume stipitate oblong-lanceolate flat 
 thin, almost indehiscent. Seeds 1, 2, piano-compressed; albu- 
 men small ; cotyledons compressed ; radicle rather long, inflexed." — 
 An unarmed tree; leaves 1-foliolate; stipules 3, small lateral; 
 flowers in terminal branched racemes ; bracts minute ; bractlets 0. 
 {Tropical Australia). See p. 83. 
 
 14. Gymnocladus Lamk. — Flowers polygamo-dicecious ; recep- 
 tacle long tubular, lined by a disk. Sepals 5, inserted at top of tube, 
 valvate or unevenly imbricated. Petals 5, subsimUar to sepals, sub- 
 equal imbricated. Stamens 10, free inserted with perianth ; anthers 
 uniform introrse rimose, in female flower sterile. Germen inserted 
 in bottom of receptacle, in male flower rudimentary, in hermaphro- 
 dite and female oo-ovulate ; style terminal straight ; apex obliquely 
 dilated, sub-2-lobed stigmatiferous. Legume sessile oblong sub- 
 falcate thick turgid, finally woody, 2-valved, pulpy within between 
 seeds. Seeds thick, subglobose or obovoid ; funicle rather long ; in- 
 teguments coriaceous ; albumen copious horny ; embryo fleshy ; 
 cotyledons flattened ; radicle short straight. An unarmed tree ; 
 leaves alternate 2-pinnate ; leaflets membranous ; stipules 2, lateral 
 minute pectinate ; stipels linear ; flowers in terminal simple or 
 branched racemes {North America). See p. 83. 
 
 15. Gleditschia L. — Flowers polygamous; receptacle turbinate- 
 campanulate or tubular, lined by a disk. Sepals 3-5, narrow sub- 
 imbricated. Petals 3-5, sessile subequal, nearly similar to sepals, 
 imbricated. Stamens 6-10, free, inserted with perianth, in female 
 flower sterile. Germen central, in male flower rudimentary or 0, in 
 female and hermaphrodite 2- oo-ovulate ; style short; stigma ter- 
 minal, more or less dilated. Legume ovate or elongated, straight 
 compressed, coriaceous or subdrupaceous ; indehiscent or tardily 
 2-valved; mesocarp pulpy; endocarp membranous protruded be- 
 tween seeds. Seeds 1- cc, transverse ; funicle slender, rather long ; 
 albumen horny; embryo compressed; cotyledons subfoliaceous ; 
 radicle straight, slightly exserted. — Trees ; abortive twigs often 
 -transformed into strong simple or branched spines ; leaves 3-pinnate 
 
168 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 and (on same tree) simply paripinnate ; flowers in simple or 
 fascicled or compound cymuliferous, axillary or lateral, racemes 
 {North America, temperate and subtropical Asia). See p. 84. 
 
 III. SCLEEOLOBIE^. 
 
 16. Sclerolobium VoG. — Flowers hermaphrodite subregular j re- 
 ceptacle cupuliform or shortly obconical, lined by a disk; mouth 
 evenly or obliquely truncate. Sepals 5, subequal imbricated. Petals 
 5, equal or slightly unequal, membranous imbricated, with highest 
 petal innermost [flosymbe) ; or else thin linear unequal. Stamens 10, 
 inserted with perianth ; filaments free, pilose at base, inflexed or folded 
 in sestivation ; anthers uniform introrse, longitudinally 2-rimose. 
 Germen central stipitate, inserted in bottom of receptacle, straight 
 or oblique, oo-ovulate ; ovules descending 2-seriate ; micropyle ex- 
 trorse superior ; style terminal slender ; apex stigmatiferous, truncate 
 or scarcely dilated. Legume shortly stipitate piano-compressed 
 1- oo-seeded indehiscent ; exocarp often separable from thin sub- 
 ligneous endocarp. Seeds large, orbicular or reniform ; embryo 
 exalburainous ; cotyledons leaf-like, cordate at base ; radicle short 
 straight.- — Trees ; leaves impari- or paripinnate ; stipules minute or 0, 
 more rarely leaf-like 1-3-foliolate ; flowers small numerous in much- 
 branched terminal racemes ; bracts small caducous {Tropical America), 
 See p. 85. 
 
 17. Diptychandra Tul. — Flowers of Sclerolobium; sepals and 
 petals 5, imbricated. Stamens 10 {oi Sclerolobimn). Grermen central 
 stipitate pauciovulate ; style slender inflexed ; stigma terminal, trun- 
 cated or slightly dilated. Legume shortly stipitate, short or elon- 
 gated, piano-compressed, bare within, 2-valved ; valves coriaceous ; 
 margins nerviform. Seeds 1-3, transverse, orbicular or reniform, 
 much compressed ; testa expanded into a marginal wing ; embryo 
 exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short straight. — Unarmed 
 trees or shrubs ; leaves pari- or sub-imparipinnate ; leaflets with 
 pellucid dots ; stipules minute or ; flowers in loose axUlary and 
 terminal racemes ; bracts very caducous {Brazil, Bolivia). See 
 p. 87. 
 
 18. Pceppigia Presl.— Flowers oi Diptychandra ; receptacle sub- 
 
'LEGUMINOS^-O^SALPINIE^. 169 
 
 campanulate, lined by a disk. Sepals usually connate to form a 
 gamosepalous calyx ; lobes 5, slightly imbricated. Petals 5, 
 slightly unequal, imbricated. Stamens 10 ; filaments free straight ; 
 anthers introrse versatile. Germen stipitate, inserted in bottom 
 of receptacle, free co-ovulate ; style short ; stigma small terminal. 
 Legume elongated, much piano-compressed, membranous, bearing a 
 narrow wing at superior suture, indehiscent (?). Seeds compressed; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons leaf-like ; radicle straight. — ^An 
 unarmed tree ; leaves imparipinnate ; flowers in much-branched 
 pyramidal compound cymuliferous terminal racemes; bracts and 
 bractlets membranous, very caducous {Tropical America). See 
 p. 87. 
 
 19. Batesia Spruce. — Eeceptacle campanulate, lined by a disk. 
 Calyx regular ; sepals 5, equal imbricated. Petals 5, markedly peri- 
 gynous, subequal imbricated. Stamens 10, inserted with petals ; 
 filaments free, vUlous at base, inflexed in bud ; anthers uniform 
 2-ceUed introrse, dehiscing longitudinally. Germen inserted on a 
 central stalk with obliquely dilated apex, pauciovulate ; style short 
 thick ; stigma terminal concave ciliated. " Legume short subfalcate 
 turgid-compressed coriaceous -subligneous, covered by raised ribs, 
 dehiscing as a follicle. Seeds few, exarillate thick-compressed albu- 
 minous ; cotyledons flat, somewhat fleshy, cordate at base ; radicle 
 short straight." — A lofty unarmed tree ; leaves imparipinnate ; 
 flowers in composite much-branched terminal racemes ; bracts and 
 bractlets narrow very caducous {Northern Brazil). See p. 88. 
 
 20. Vouacapoua AuBL. — Flowers of Batesia; anthers subsagit- 
 tate ; ovary subsessile 1 -ovulate ; ovule descending anatropous ; 
 style arched; apex concave ciliate stigmatiferous.. Fruit coriaceous- 
 subligneous, unequally obovate, obtusely apiculate, wrinkled ex- 
 ternally, dehiscing as a follicle, 1 -seeded; seed descending obovate 
 glabrous exalbuminous ; embryo thick fleshy. — An unarmed tree ; 
 leaves and inflorescence of Batesia {Guiana, northern Brazil). See 
 p. 88. 
 
 21. Melanoxylon Schott. — Flowers oiPceppigia ; receptacle cam- 
 panulate, lined by a disk ; calyx and corolla subregular imbricated. 
 Stamens 10, scarcely declinate; filaments villous at base; anthers 
 
170 NATURAL 3I8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 oblong introrse uniform. Grermen sessile subcentral oo-ovulate ; 
 style short thick curved ; stigma truncate concave, minutely ciliate. 
 "Legume broad oblong-falcate compressed coriaceous-subligneous, 
 replete within between seeds, 2-valved, Seeds transverse oblong 
 compressed; inner covering coriaceous shining close-fitting; outer 
 samariform loose membranous, produced at apex into a truncated 
 falcate wing reaching to margin of valves, base continuous with very 
 short funicle ;" albumen thin ; cotyledons flat oblong, cordate at 
 base ; radicle short straight. — A lofty ferruginous-velvety tree ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo-jugate ; flowers rather large in a 
 large much-branched terminal raceme {Brazil). See p. 89. 
 
 22. Thylacanthus Tul. — Flowers of Batesia; sepals 4, 5, mem- 
 branous petaloid or rather thick, imbricated. Petals 5, somewhat 
 unequal, imbricated. Stamens 10, free or connate to a very small 
 height from base; filaments inflexed in bud; anthers uniform. 
 Germen central, shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate; style elongated, in- 
 volute in aestivation ; apex peltate stigmatiferous. Fruit .... ? — 
 Small trees, unarmed ; leaves paripinnate ; flowers in compound 
 corymbose racemes at extremities of branches ; bracts thick spiral 
 very caducous ; bractlets 2, either concave, rather thick, connate on 
 anthesis into a 2-lobed involucre persistent below flower [Euthyla- 
 cantlms), or coriaceous very thick ivory-like, forming a globe before 
 anthesis, persistent opened by anthesis (Bicymbe), inclosing a 
 younger flower-bud {Northern Brazil, southern Venezuela). See p. 90. 
 
 23. Campsiandra Benth. — Eeceptacle campanulate, lined by a 
 disk. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, subequal imbricated. 
 Stamens go (usually 15-20), perigynous; fllaments free glabrous 
 exserted; anthers introrse. Germen subcentral free, shortly stipi- 
 tate, 3c -ovulate; style terminal ; stigma minute or dilated. Legume 
 large compressed, straight or falcate, coriaceous or woody, 2-valved. 
 " Seeds exarillate exalbuminous ; radicle straight ; cotyledons flat, 
 obliquely or evenly cordate." — Unarmed trees ; leaves alternate im- 
 paripinnate ; stipules minute, very caducous ; flowers in compound 
 corymbose much-branched terminal racemes ; bracts caducous {Tro- 
 pical America). See p. 91. 
 
 24. ? Phyllocarpus Eied. — Eeceptacle concave, lined by a disk ; 
 
LEGUMINOS^-OMSALPINIEJE. 171 
 
 sepals 4, imbricated. Petals 8, posterior ; highest petal innermost 
 smallest. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9-1); highest filament free; 
 remainder united to form a sheath, cleft above ; anthers uniform in- 
 trorse 2-rimose. Germen central stipitate pauciovulate ; style thin 
 twisted, clavate at apex ; stigma minute terminal. Legume oblong 
 subfalcate compressed thin indehiscent (?) ; placentary suture pro- 
 duced into a narrow wing. — An unarmed tree ; leaves paripinnate 
 oo-foliolate ; flowers in short racemes usually fascicled at nodes of last 
 year's branches ; bracts and bractlets very caducous {Tropical Brazil). 
 See p. 93. 
 
 IV. AMHEESTIEiM. 
 
 25. Amherstia Wall. — Flowers hermaphrodite irregular resupi- 
 nate ; receptacle long tubular, lined by a disk. Sepals 4, inserted at 
 top of tube, petaloid unequal, imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5, 
 free ; 3 posterior broad membranous, the highest innermost largest 
 broadly cordate ; 2 anterior minute rudimentary. Stamens 10, in- 
 serted with perianth, diadelphous (9-1) ; filament superposed to 
 standard free ; remainder coalescing into a sheath, cleft above ; 
 5 oppositipetalous much the smallest ; anthers introrse 2-celled 
 3-rimose. Germen stipitate, very excentric, inserted on posterior 
 wall of receptacle ■ near margin, oo-ovulate; style slender, revolute 
 in bud ; apex capitellate stigmatiferous. Legume elongated falcate 
 piano-compressed coriaceous woody 2-valved ; placentary suture thick 
 dilated. Seeds transverse ovate-orbiculate compressed exarillate ; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat; radicle short straight in- 
 cluded. — An unarmed tree; leaves alternate paripinnate; leaflets 
 large coriaceous ; stipules leaf-like caducous ; flowers large in ample 
 loose terminal pendulous racemes ; bracts caducous ; bractlets large 
 coloured persistent, free or slightly connate at base inclosing bud, 
 finally spreading {India). See p. 93. 
 
 26. Humboldtia Vahl. — Flowers oi Amherstia, but much smaller ; 
 stamens 10, free, all fertile or more usually 5 oppositipetalous 
 reduced to small sterile filaments or absent. Germen pauciovulate. 
 Legume oblong oblique or falcate compressed coriaceous 2-valved. 
 Seeds few compressed exarillate. — Unarmed shrubs; leaves alter- 
 nate paripinnate; stipules leaf-like, obliquely reniform or semi- 
 
1 72 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 sagittate ; racemes dense, terminal or sessile on nodes of old wood, 
 solitary or geminate ; bracts ovate or oblong ; bractlets coloured, 
 inclosing bud, finally spreading {Tropical Asia and Africa). See 
 p. 94. 
 
 27. Schotia Jacq. — Flowers of Humboldtia; stamens 10, free or 
 monadelphous close to base. Legume oblong or broadly linear, 
 falcate or straight, piano-compressed coriaceous subindehiscent ; pla- 
 cental suture sometimes marginate. Seeds orbiculate compressed, 
 exarillate {Theodora) or with a cupuliform aril formed by expansion 
 of funicle at hilum {Euschoiia) ; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons 
 flat, radicle very short. — Unarmed trees or shrubs ; leaves paripin- 
 nate; stipules small; flowers handsome, crowded in short branched 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets membranous very caducous {Southern 
 and subtropical Africa). See p. 94. 
 
 28. Palovea AuBL. — Flowers of Amherstia ; sepals 4, imbricated; 
 petals 3, posterior imbricated. Stamens 9 (stamen superposed to 
 standard absent), free. Legume oblong, very oblique, piano-com- 
 pressed coriaceous-ligneous ; placentary suture thickened. Seeds ovate 
 compressed. — Small trees, unarmed ; leaves 1-foliolate coriaceous ; 
 stipules small ; flowers in short spikes at extremities of twigs ; 
 bracts short persistent, bractlets lateral coloured, connate to 
 form a 2-lobed involucel shorter than the calyx {Guiana). See 
 p. 95. 
 
 29. Elisabetha Schomb. — Flowers oi Palovea ; petals 5, subequal 
 imbricated ; stamens 9, free or connate close to base ; 3 fertile large, 
 superposed to anterior sepals; 6 posterior, minute or antherless. 
 "Legume elongated falcate piano- compressed coriaceous-woody 
 2-valved ; placentary suture thickened. Seeds ovate compressed." — Un- 
 armed trees ; leaves paripinnate ; stipules caducous ; flowers in short or 
 capitate racemes at extremities of branches ; bracts broad coloured ; 
 bractlets coriaceous coloured, longer than sepals, connate into a 
 sheath inclosing bud {Guiana). See p. 95. 
 
 30. Heterostemon Desf. — Flowers of Palovea ; petals 3 posterior 
 broad, 2 anterior rudimentary ; stamens 9 (of Mizahethd) ; filaments 
 connate to form a sheath cleft above. Legume stipitate elongated. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-CJESALPINIEJE. 173 
 
 straight or falciform, piano-compressed coriaceous 3-valved ; sutures 
 a little thickened. Seeds ovate or orbicular, compressed; embryo 
 exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short included. — Low or 
 weak trees, unarmed ; leaves 1- ao-foliolate ; stipules leaf-like 
 caducous ; flowers in short few-flowered racemes ; racemes terminal 
 or sessile at defoliated nodes; bracts small; bractlets persistent 
 connate very short {Tropical America). See p. 96. 
 
 31. Brownea Jacq. — Flowers of Falovea; calyx 4-merous, valvate 
 or imbricated ; petals 5, slightly unequal, imbricated. Stamens 
 10-15, free or unequally monadelphous. Legume oblong or elon- 
 gated, straight or falcate, coriaceous or subligneous, 2-valved; pla- 
 cental suture thickened or dilated ; seeds ovate compressed ; embryo 
 of Heterostemon. — Ti'ees ; leaves paripinnate ; stipules leaf-like, often 
 coloured, caducous ; flowers handsome, in short terminal few-flowered 
 or very dense, subcapitate racemes ; bracts small or large, coloured ; 
 bractlets coloured, enclosing calyx, connate to a variable height 
 (Tropical America). See p. 97. 
 
 33. Saraca Burm. — Mowers of Humboldtia ; calyx coloured; 
 corolla ; stamens 3-10, either all fertile or 1-6 sterile or antherless ; 
 filaments free or connate close to base. Legume oblong or elongated, 
 piano-compressed or rather turgid, coriaceous-subligneous 2-valved. 
 Seeds thick-compressed or subglobose, ovoid or cylindrical, exarillate ; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick, sometimes very thick ; 
 radicle straight included. — Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing ; leaves 
 paripinnate ; leaflets coriaceous, usually paucijugate ; stipules small 
 caducous or ; flowers in compound, usually short, much-branched 
 lateral racemes; bracts small deciduous; bractlets lateral, much 
 shorter than receptacular tube, tapering margins often imbricated 
 before anthesis {Tropical Asia). See p. 97. 
 
 33. Apalatoa Aubl. — Flowers apetalous (of Saraca) ; stamens 10 
 or fewer, free fertile. Germen shortly stipitate, excentric or more 
 rarely subcentral, 3-4- or more rarely cc-ovulate. Legume obliquely 
 orbicular, ovate, or rather broad oblong compressed, coriaceous 3- 
 Valved ; sutures often thickened. Seeds 1 or few, compressed ; embryo 
 exalbuminous compressed. — Unarmed trees ; leaves imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets alternate ; stipules minute or broad leaf-like, persistent i 
 
174 ■ NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 flowers in simple, lateral or terminal racemes ; bracts and bractlets 
 rarely persistent {Tropical America, Africa, and Asia, Indian Archi- 
 pelago). See p. 98. 
 
 34. Baikisea Benth. — Flowers subregular ; receptacle turbinate, 
 lined by a disk. Sepals 4, thick, velvety without ; edges . abruptly 
 tapering or obliquely bevelled, imbricated; highest sepal broader 
 (double). Petals 5, subequal unguiculate imbricated ; highest petal 
 innermost equilateral, remainder oblique. Stamens 10, free ; fila- 
 ments villous at base, thinner in 5 alternisepalous stamens ; anthers 
 introrse 2-rimose, versatile. Germen excentric stipitate oc-ovulate ; 
 apex tapering into a glabrous, minutely capitate, style. Fruit . . . ? 
 — Trees, glabrous except the flowers ; leaves paripinnate, 1-2-jugate 
 large coriaceous ; stipules minute ; flowers large, in short subterminal 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets short caducous ( Western Tropical 
 Africa). See p. 98. 
 
 35. Tamarindus T. — Flowers irregular; receptacle narrow tubu- 
 lar, lined by a disk. Sepals 4, imbricated ; highest sepal broader 
 (double). Petals 3, posterior imbricated; highest petal innermost 
 or more rarely outermost, often narrower. Stamens 9 (of Hetero- 
 stenion) ; 3 fertile larger, superposed to inferior petals ; filaments 
 connate to form a sheath cleft above, becoming free at middle, 
 anthers introrse 2-rimose ; 6 sterile reduced to short subulate stami- 
 nodes. Germen stipitate, very excentric, inserted posteriorly on 
 margin of receptacle, oo-ovulate; apex of style scarcely dilated, 
 truncated stigmatiferous. Fruit oblong or linear, subcompressed 
 curved drupaceous indehiscent ; epicarp crustaceous fragile ; meso- 
 carp thick, very pulpy, traversed by woody branched veins ; endo- 
 carp coriaceous, septate between seeds. Seed obovate-orbicular, 
 compressed; testa very hard; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons 
 fleshy ; radicle straight included. — An unarmed tree ; leaves alter- 
 nate paripinnate, leaflets small oc -jugate; stipules lateral caducous; 
 flowers in racemes at extremities of branches ; bracts and bractlets 
 coloured caducous {Tropical Africa {and Asia ?)). See p. 99. 
 
 36. Vouapa Aubl. — Flowers irregular; receptacle concave, of 
 variable form, sometimes narrow tubular, offcener shortly turbinate, 
 lined by a disk. Sepals 4 ; highest sepal broader ; more rarely 5 
 
LEaUMINOSJE-OJESALPINIE^. 176 
 
 subequal imbricated. Petals 5 ; highest petal largest unguiculate, 
 very complex cucullate in aestivation, usually outermost ; 4 anterior 
 smaller, or very small scale-like, or more rarely 0. Grermen stipitate, 
 more or less excentric, 2- cxi -ovulate ; style slender; apex truncate 
 or capitate stigmatiferous. Legume obliquely- or biculate ovate 
 oblong or falcate, piano-compressed 2-valved ; placental suture some- 
 times thickened or dilated. Seeds 1 or few, orbiculate compressed ; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick ; radicle straight included. 
 — Unarmed trees ; leaves pari- or more rarely imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets 1, or pauci-, more rarely multijugate; stipules leaf-like or 
 • small caducous, more rarely ; flowers in simple or branched, ter- 
 minal or axillary racemes ; bracts caducous ; bractlets 2, rather thick 
 or coriaceous, inclosing bud as 2 valves, finally spreading {Tropical 
 America and Africa). See p. 101. 
 
 37. Berlinia Soland. — Flowers large (of Fouapa) ; sepals 5, thin 
 imbricated; highest petal largest; 4 anterior, a little smaller or 
 oftener rudimentary or 0. Stamens 10, or more rarely 5 alterni- 
 petalous, fertile ; filaments free or connate close to base ; anthers 
 uniform introrse. Germen very excentric, stipitate, kiserted high 
 below androceum, co-ovulate, style slender ; apex truncate or capitate, 
 stigmatiferous. Fruit . . .? — Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate; 
 leaflets coriaceous ; stipules small caducous, or more rarely broad 
 leaf-like ; flowers in simple, or oftener compound, much-branched 
 terminal racemes; bracts coriaceous caducous; bractlets broadly 
 concave thick spathulate, inclosing bud as valves, finally spreading 
 or deciduous {Western Tropical Africa). See p. 104. 
 
 38. Daniella Benn. — Mowers subregular; receptacle narrowly 
 turbinate, lined by a disk. Sepals 4, slightly unequal, coloured 
 imbricated. Petals 5 ; highest small or rather large ; 4 anterior 
 usually rudimentary or ; 2 lateral rarely rather large, imbricated. 
 Stamens 10, free {oi Berlinia). Germen excentric stipitate oo-ovulate; 
 style terminal; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate 
 obliquely ovate-oblong, subfalcate piano-compressed coriaceous 
 2-valved ; endocarp separating elastically. Seed usually 1, com- 
 pressed ; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle short straight. — Unarmed 
 trees ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets coriaceous ; stipules lateral 
 <;aducous; flowers in compound much-branched racemes at extre- 
 
1?6 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 mities of branches ; bracts and bractlets subsquamous, tapering at 
 margin, coloured imbricated, very caducous {Western tropical Africa). 
 See p. 104. 
 
 39. Eperua AuBL. — riowers of Berlinia; sepals 4, connate to a 
 variable lieigbt, imbricated; petal 1, sessile, very broad. Stamens 10, 
 fertile, free or sligbtly connate at base {Parivoa). Grermen stipitate, 
 inserted posteriorly on margin of receptacle, cxi-ovulate ; style 
 slender, involute in aestivation ; apex minute capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume broadly oblong or elongated, usually oblique, piano-com- 
 pressed, coriaceous or woody, 2-valved ; seeds few, ovate or elongated, 
 compressed ; embryo exalbuminous fleshy ; radicle short included. — 
 Unarmed trees, lofty or weak, sarmentose ; leaves paripinnate or 
 subparipinnate ; leaflets few, coriaceous ; stipules minute or leaf- 
 like, deciduous; flowers handsome, in terminal, simple pendulous 
 or branched, sometimes very long racemes ; bracts and bractlets 
 caducous {Tropical America). See p. 105, 
 
 40. Afzelia Sm. — Flowers of Berlinia ; sepals 4, imbricated ; 
 petals, highest unguiculate, broadly orbiculate or reniform; 4 an- 
 terior rudimentary or 0. Stamens 9, anterior (none superposed to 
 standard) free or monadelphous {PaJmdia) to a variable height ; 3-7 
 fertile, unequal ; remainder antherless or with rudimentary anthers, 
 more rarely entirely absent. Grynaeceum of Berlinia. Legume stipi- 
 tate, obliquely oblong, compressed, thick and coriaceous or woody ; 
 transversely septate or pulpy between seeds. Seeds transverse, 
 oblong or orbiculate, either bare {Intsia) or furnished with a thick 
 fleshy unevenly-cupuliform aril {Euafzelia) ; embryo exalbuminous 
 fleshy. — Unarmed trees; leaves pari- or subimparipinnate ; leaflets 
 paucijugate coriaceous ; flowers in compound branched terminal 
 racemes ; bracts small deciduous ; bractlets 2, lateral ovate sub- 
 persistent, shorter than bud {Tropical Africa, Asia, and Oceania). 
 See p. 100. 
 
 41. Didelotia H. Bn. — Flowers small (of Berlinia); receptacle 
 short, lined by a disk ; sepals and petals very short, reduced to small 
 unequal or rudimentary scales. Stamens 10, either all-fertile {Br achy - 
 stegid), or 5 oppositipetalous antherless short, sometimes very short, 
 more rarely entirely wanting. Germen stipitate, more or less 
 
LEGVMIN08M-G2E8ALFINIE^. 177 
 
 excentric, oo-ovulate ; style tHn ; apex slightly dilated or truncated, 
 stigraatiferous. "Legume oblong or broadly-linear, often falcate, 
 compressed subligneous 2-valved ; placentary suture thick. Seeds 
 transverse, ovate or orbiculate, compressed; embryo exalbuminous 
 fleshy; cotyledons flat; radicle short straight included." — Un- 
 armed trees; leaves alternate paripinnate; leaflets 1- or paucijugate 
 unsymmetrical coriaceous ; stipules very short caducous ; flowers 
 crowded in simple terminal and axillary, or in terminal much-branched 
 racemes ; bracts small or gland-like ; bractlets or rather large, 
 obovate-concave, including bud as 2 valves {Tropical Jfrica). See 
 p. 108. 
 
 43. Hsnnensea L. — Flowers thick ; receptacle thick, campanulate 
 or turbinate, lined by a disk. Sepals 4, much imbricated, coriaceous ; 
 highest sepal broader. Petals 5, sessile, slightly unequal {Courbaril, 
 Peltoc/yne), or more rarely 2 anterior very small scale-like or [Tra- 
 chylobium); much imbricated in aestivation. Stamens 10, free peri- 
 gynous. Germen stipitate, more or less excentric; style long or 
 short ; apex stigmatiferous, more or less dilated, subpeltate {Pelto- 
 gyne) ; ovules 2- oo. Legume indehiscent, sometimes obliquely orbi- 
 culate or scimitar-shaped, more or less winged above {Peltogyne), 
 sometimes ovoid or oblong, more or less warty, coriaceous-sub- 
 ligneous, sometimes short few-seeded [Trachylohmm), sometimes 
 elongated [Courbaril) ; endocarp stuffed with thick floury hairs 
 between seeds. Seeds of variable form, exalbuminous. — Unarmed 
 trees ; leaves 2-foliolate ; leaflets unsymmetrical coriaceous ; stipules 
 small caducous; flowers in dense compound much-branched, often 
 corymbiform, terminal or subterminal, racemes ; bracts and bractlets 
 short caducous, rarely shortly connate {Peltoyyne) and persistent 
 {Tropical America, eastern tropical Jfrica and adjoining islands). See 
 p. 108. 
 
 43. Tachigali Atjbl. — Flowers markedly curved- clavate in bud ; 
 receptacle obconical, lined by a disk; mouth oblique. Sepals 5, 
 slightly unequal, much imbricated. Petals 5, slightly unequal, im- 
 bricated. Stamens 10, fertile. Germen stipitate, inserted posteriorly 
 on receptacle below androceum, co-ovulate. Legume oblong or elon- 
 gated, piano-compressed, indehiscent- (?). Seeds compressed; albu- 
 men thin ; embryo compressed. — Unarmed trees ; leaves paripinnate ; 
 
 VOL. II. ^ 
 
178 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 stipules small caducous ; flowers in axillary simple or terminal 
 branched racemes ; bracts caducous ; bractlets {Tropical America). 
 Seep. 109. 
 
 44. Schizolobium Vog Flowers of Tacldgali ; mouth of recep- 
 tacle rather less oblique. Legume unequally obovate, compressed 
 1 -seeded 2-valved; endocarp membranous subligneous, separating 
 from membranous exocarp. Seed at apex of fruit, inclosed in winged 
 separating endocarp, oblong compressed ; albumen horny thick ; 
 embryo compressed ; radicle straight exserted. — Lofty trees ; leaves 
 alternate 2-pinnate ; leaflets small oo ; flowers in axillary simple or 
 terminal branched racemes ; bracts small caducous ; bractlets 
 {Tropical America). See p. 110. 
 
 V. BAUHINIEiE. 
 
 45. Bauhinia Plum.— Mowers hermaphrodite or more rarely 
 polygamous, irregular resupinate ; receptacle lined by a disk, either 
 shortly turbinate or tubular. Calyx, before anthesis entire and 
 closed or contracted and shortly 5 -toothed ; on anthesis cleft in a 
 variable manner or spathe-like ; valvate or imbricated in aestivation. 
 Petals 6, slightly or very unequal, imbricated ; highest petal inner- 
 most. Stamens 10, perigynous ; either all perfect and fertile ; anthers 
 introrse 2-celled 2-rimose versatile ; filaments free or connate to a 
 variable height ; or else 1-9 reduced to sterile staminodes or alto- 
 gether wanting. Grermen subsessile or more frequently stipitate 
 rarely furnished with a gland above base, central or excentric, in- 
 serted anteriorly on receptacle, 2- oo-ovulate ; style terminal ; apex 
 variably dilated or peltate, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or 
 linear, straight oblique or falcate, membranous coriaceous or sub- 
 carnose, continuous within or replete or septate between seeds, inde- 
 hiscent or 2-valved. Seeds subglobose or ovoid, compressed ; testa 
 thin or hard; embryo albuminous; cotyledons flat; radicle short, 
 straight, oblique, or subinflexed, usually exserted. — Trees or erect 
 or climbing shrubs; stem terete or unequally compressed or flattened, 
 fasciated ; branches often furnished with simple tendrils at base of 
 racemes ; leaves simple, 1-3 -veined, entire or 2-lobed , or often 
 2-foliolate ; end of petiole rather prominent between leaflets, awned ; 
 stipules of variable form, often caducous ; flowers in simple terminal 
 
LBGmimOSM-GMSALPINIEJE. 179 
 
 and axillary, or more rarely terminal much-branched corymbiform 
 racemes {All tropical regions). See p. 110. 
 
 46. Griflfonia H. Bn. — Flowers of Bauhinia ; receptacle tubular, 
 much elongated; calyx loosely campanulate, 5-lobed, imbricated. 
 Petals 5, subequal, imbricated. Stamens 10, perigynous free ; anthers 
 uniform, introrse versatile. Grermen stipitate, very excentric, inserted 
 anteriorly on receptacle, ex -ovulate ; style short ; stigma minute 
 terminal. Legume raised on a long stalk, obliquely oblong, com- 
 pressed or turgid, 3-valved ; style persistent, apiculate or hooked. 
 Seeds few . . . ? — Climbing shrubs ; leaves alternate 3-foliolate, 
 penniveined or 3-veined ; stipules lateral small ; flowers handsome 
 in axillary supra-axillary or terminal, simple or branched, racemes ; 
 bracts small caducous {Western tropical Africa). See p. 114. 
 
 47. Cercis L. — Eeceptacle shortly turbinate, lined by a disk ; 
 mouth oblique. Calyx unequally campanulate, broadly 5-toothed, 
 imbricated. Petals 5, very disparate, imbricated; highest petal 
 innermost, stamens 10; filaments free declinate; anthers uniform 
 introrse 2-rimose. Germen stipitate subcentral oo-ovulate ; style 
 rather thick ; apex obtuse stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or 
 broadly linear, compressed thin veined, rather late becoming 
 1-2-valved ; placental suture narrowly winged. Seeds obovate or 
 ovate, compressed ; albumen hard ; embryo compressed ; cotyledons 
 flat ; radicle either straight or oblique curved, somewhat exserted. — 
 Unarmed trees or shrubs ; leaves simple, entire or emarginate 2-lobed, 
 3- 00 -veined ; stipules small caducous; inflorescence racemose; 
 racemes short, simple or compound, solitary or oftener fascicled, on 
 wood of stem and last year's and older branches {Temperate and 
 eastern Asia, North America). See p. 114. 
 
 VI. CASSIEJE. 
 
 48. Cassia T. — Flowers hermaphrodite irregular resupinate; 
 receptacle slightly dilated ; apex a little convex or subplane, more 
 rarely a little concave. Sepals 5, very unequal, at apex sometimes 
 acute, sometimes obtuse, imbricated. Petals 5, alternisepalous, sab- 
 equal or unequal (posterior petals smaller), imbricated ; highest 
 petal innermost. Stamens 10, subhypogynous free ; either all fertile 
 
 N 2 
 
180 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 {Ahsus, Cathartocarpm, JPsilorhegmd), subequal or higher stamens 
 smaller; anthers subuniform 2-celled introrse, dehiscing by 3 short 
 oblique, confluent or poriform, slits at apex, or more rarely by a 
 basilar aperture ; or else 3-5 higher stamens smaller or sometimes 
 very small, imperfect or abortive, sterile. Germen free, sessile or 
 stipitate, central, straight or oftener arched, oo-ovulate ; style short 
 or long; stigma terminal small, either truncate, or more rarely 
 swollen, minutely ciliate, concave, or else urceolate containing 
 papillae. Legume either terete or crasso-compressed, woody, divided 
 by transverse septa between seeds, indehiscent {Cathartocarpus) or 
 2-valved, plano-corapressed {Cliamcesenna) ; or thin membranous 
 much compressed, thickened in middle over seeds, subindehiscent 
 {Senna), at base and apex usually acute {Chamcecrista, AbsUs), more 
 rarely winged, bare within or septate between seeds or full of pulp. 
 Seeds transverse or more rarely longitudinal {Prosospermd), horizon- 
 tally or vertically compressed, more rarely quadrilateral subterete ; 
 embryo albuminous ; cotyledons flat or more rarely arched or 
 undulate ; radicle short straight. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs ; leaves 
 alternate paripinnate, rarely reduced to phyllodes; stipules and 
 petiolar glands variable or ; flowers in axillary or terminal, simple 
 or branched compound racemes, more rarely solitary or few in each 
 axil ; bracts and bractlets variable {All tropical and subtropical and 
 a few temperate regions). See p. 116. 
 
 49? Petalostyles E. Br. — Mowers of ^Cassia ; stamens 5, subhy- 
 pogynous ; 3 fertile anterior, anthers 2-rimose ; 2 sterile acuminate. 
 Grermen sessile co-ovulate ; style dilated into a petaloid cuculate 
 much reflexed 3-lobed sac ; middle lobe longer stigmatiferous at 
 apex. Legume oblong-linear piano-compressed obhque, 2-valved. 
 Seeds oblique compressed albuminous ; funicle dilated into a small 
 fleshy aril ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short straight. — ^An unarmed 
 shrub ; leaves imparipinnate ; stipules small caducous ; flowers 
 axillary solitary pedunculate {Australia). See p. 121, 
 
 50. Labichea GrAUDiCH. — Flowers of C«ma, 4-5 -merous. Stamens 
 2, free, usually unequal; 1 sometimes sterile; anthers basifixed, 
 2-porous at apex. Germen free, sessile or shortly stipitate, pauci- 
 ovulate ; style short ; stigma small terminal. Legume oblong or 
 lanceolate, compressed 2-valved. Seeds compressed albuminous 
 
LHQUmmOSM-O^SALFimEM. 181 
 
 arillate. — Shrubs or undershrubs ; leaves imparipinnate or subdigi- 
 tate, more rarely 1-foliolate ; stipules small caducous ; flowers 
 in axillary, often short, racemes ; bracts caducous ; bractlets {Aus- 
 tralia). See p. 123. 
 
 51. Dicorsmia Benth. — Flowers of Cassia; sepals 5, ovate, very- 
 unequal, imbricated ; petals 3, posterior, much imbricated. Stamens 
 2, free ; anthers dehiscing by short openings at apex. Germen 
 sessile pauciovulate ; style inflexed ; stigma small terminal. Legume 
 obliquely or evenly ovate, piano-compressed coriaceous, inde- 
 hiscent (?) ; placentary suture narrowly winged. Seeds compressed 
 albuminous. — Unarmed trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets coriaceous ; stipules very caducous ; flowers in compound 
 much-branched terminal racemes ; bracts and bractlets very cadu- 
 cous {Tropical America). See p. 123. 
 
 52. Martia Benth. — Eeceptacle shortly conical. Sepals 5, 
 slightly unequal, subhypogynous, either imbricated or subvalvate 
 with obliquely-cut margins in aestivation. Petals 5 (more rarely 4), 
 slightly unequal, imbricated in aestivation ; highest petal innermost.- 
 Stamens 4, 5, free subhypogynous ; filaments short erect ; anthers 
 subbasifixed elongated acuminate 2-ceUed 4-locellate, dehiscing by 
 2 short poriform clefts below apex. Grermen central free sessile 
 pauci- or more rarely co -ovulate ; style subulate ; stigma minute 
 terminal. Legume large oblong piano-compressed, thinly coria- 
 ceous, traversed by 2 longitudinal ribs ; sutures broadly winged ; 
 1- or few-seeded, indehiscent. Seed flat, reniform or subrhomboid ; 
 albumen thin ; embryo compressed ; cotyledons thin ; radicle short 
 straight. — Unarmed trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; stipules 
 very caducous ; flowers in compound much-branched, terminal 
 racemes ; buds acuminate curved ; bracts and bractlets very caducous 
 {Tropical America). See p. 124. 
 
 53. Storckiella Seem. — Flowers of Martia ; perianth hypogy- 
 nous imbricated, usually 5- more rarely 3-6-merous. Stamens either 
 10 or rarely more {Eustorchiella), or else 4 {Boga) ; anthers shortly 
 2-rimose below apex. Germen shortly stipitate, oc-ovulate; 
 style subulate; apex thin stigmatiferous. Legume oblong piano- 
 compressed coriaceous, longitudinally winged at placental suture, 
 
182 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 2-valved. Seeds go, transverse ; albumen fleshy ; embryo greenish 
 cotyledons cordate at base ; radicle short straight. — Unarmed trees ; 
 leaves alternate imparipinnate ; stipules short, very caducous; in- 
 florescence of J!/arfe {Oceania). See p. 125. 
 
 54. Baudouinia H. Bn. — Flowers oiStorckiella; sepals and petals 
 5, hypogynous imbricated, stamens 10, hypogynous free, all fertile; 
 anthers basifixed, penicillate at apex, anther-cells 2, dehiscing longi- 
 tudinally; posterior stamens slightly shorter. Grermen central 
 free, shortly stipitate, 3-4-ovulate; style subulate, apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Fruit fleshy, obliquely stipitate, cylindrical, 
 obliquely or subtransversely septate between seed. Seeds . . . .? 
 Small trees ; leaves alternate simple ; stipules very short and 
 caducous; flowers in axillary pedunculate, few- or rarely 1-flowered, 
 spurious racemes {Tropical Africa and western adjoining islands). 
 See p. 126. 
 
 55. Duparquetia H. Bn. — Perianth hypogynous. Sepals 4, 
 large unequal ; lowest sepal outermost coriaceous ; highest sub- 
 
 ■ petaloid : 2 lateral innermost petaloid, unequally 2-lobed, very 
 unsymmetrical. Petals 5, very disparate, imbricated vexillary in 
 aestivation ; 3 higher petals membranous ovate-lanceolate ; highest 
 outermost; 2 lower minute scale-like, furnished with unequal 
 glandular cilia. Stamens 4, 5, hypogynous 3- adelphous ; 2 lateral 
 free ; 2, 3, superior connate ; filaments short flat ; anthers basifixed 
 elongated 2-celled introrse ; locelli free acuminate at apex, furrowed 
 longitudinally, rimose within and above. Grermen shortly stipitate, 
 central, longitudinally 4-winged, 2'Ovulate; style subulate; apex 
 minute stigmatiferous. Legume elongated 4-winged . . . .? — An 
 unarmed shrub ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets large petiolu- 
 late ; stipules lateral ovate ; flowers in dense terminal racemes ■ 
 bracts and bractlets scale-like caducous {Western tropical Africa). 
 See p. 126. 
 
 56. Moldenhauera Schrad. — Flowers 4, 5-merous; receptacle 
 shortly conical. Sepals hypogynous valvate. Petals unguiculate 
 subfimbriate, corrugated-imbricate. Stamens 8 or 10, hypogynous 
 free; 7 or 9 posterior short straight; anthers erect subbasifixed 
 2-celled introrse, 2-rimose to a greater or less extent from apex to 
 
LEOVMINOS^-GMSALPINIE^. 183 
 
 base; anterior stamen much longer; filament curved ascending; 
 anther fertile or sterile, glabrous or pilose. Germen sessile central 
 free oo-ovulate; style slender, slightly clavate at apex; stigma 
 truncate, minutely ciliate. " Legume oblong piano-compressed 
 coriaceous 2-valved. Seeds transverse ovoid." — Unarmed trees; 
 leaves imparipinnate and 2-pinnate ; leaflets coriaceous ferruginous 
 below; stipules small caducous; flowers in elongated or dense, 
 corymbiform compound branched terminal racemes; bracts small 
 c^dL-aaoMs, {Tropical America). Seep. 127. 
 
 57. Apuleia Mart. — Flowers subregular; receptacle shortly 
 obconical or turbinate, lined by a disk. Sepals 3, imbricated. 
 Petals 3, a little dissimilar, slightly imbricated. Stamens 3, more 
 rarely 2, posterior perigynous free ; anthers linear-oblong basifixed, 
 introrse 3-rimose. Germen subcentral stipitate, 2-3-ovulate ; style 
 rather thick; apex truncate or dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 obliquely ovate or oblong, piano-compressed coiiaceous 1-2-seeded 
 2-valved; placentary suture narrowly winged. Seeds transverse 
 orbicular or ovate, compressed albuminous ; cotyledons leaf-like ; 
 radicle shortly exserted straight. — Unarmed trees ; leaves impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets alternate coriaceous ; stipule small or ; flowers 
 (sometimes polgygamous) in composite axillary cymes, usually 
 expanding before opening of leaves ; bracts small caducous ; bract- 
 lets {Tropical America). See p. 128. 
 
 58. Distemonantlius Benth. — Flowers (of Apuleia), 5-merous ; 
 sepals 5, imbricated ; petals 3, posterior imbricated. Stamens 2, 
 alternipetalous fertile posterior (of Apuleia) ; anthers 4-locellate at 
 base, dehiscing at apex by 2 short poriform clefts. Staminodes 3, 
 posterior oppositipetalous antherless. Germen (of Apuleia) pauci- 
 ovulate ; stigma terminal oblique. Fruit .... ? — An unarmed tree ; 
 leaves alternate imparipinnate ; stipules very caducous ; flowers in 
 composite axillary cymes; leaves opening after anthesis {Western 
 trojjical Africa). See p. 128. 
 
 59. Dialium L. — Flowers of Apulia ; receptacle evenly or un- 
 evenly cupuliform, tapering or subrostrate posteriorly, lined by a 
 disk. Sepals 5, rarely 4, perigynous imbricated. Petal 1 (" or 2") 
 posterior vexillary minute {Codarium), usually absent. Stamens 2 or 
 
184 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 more rarely 3, lateral free ; anthers subbasifixed introrse 2-rimose. 
 Germen subcentral or excentric, sbortly stipitate, free 2-ovalate; 
 style subulate; apex minute stigmatiferous. Fruit globose or 
 ovoid, sometimes slightly compressed ; subbaccate, glabrous or 
 velvety outside, pulpy within. Seed 1 (more rarely 2), slightly 
 compressed ; embryo greenish albuminous ; cotyledons fleshy or 
 leaf-like, sometimes folded ; radicle short straight. — Unarmed trees ; 
 leaves alternate imparipinnate; leaflets usually alternate coriaceous ; 
 stipules small or ; flowers in compound cymiferous much-branched, 
 terminal or axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets small scale-like 
 caducous {Jll tropical regions). See p. 129. 
 
 60. Ceratonia L. — Mowers polygamo-dioecious ; receptacle short 
 broadly depressed turbinate, lined by a thick glandular orbiculate, 
 subpileiform disk. Sepals 5, very short imbricated in young bud, 
 finally free or hardly visible. Petals 0. Stamens 5, oppositisepalous 
 inserted below disk; filaments free thread-like; anthers 2-celled 
 introrse versatile 2-rimose. Germen central ; in male flower sterile, 
 shortly conical abortive ; in female and hermaphrodite, shortly 
 stipitate oo-ovulate : style short ; apex peltate, stigmatiferous. 
 Truit elongated compressed, thick-coriaceous, indehiscent, both 
 sutures thick ; epicarp and endocarp glabrous ; mesocarp subcarnose 
 pulpy, produced into thick septa between seeds. Seeds '^, transverse 
 obova,te compressed ; testa hard glabrous ; albumen copious horny ; 
 embryo greenish ; cotyledons flat ; radicle straight, shortly exserted. 
 — An unarmed evergreen tree ; leaves alternate paripinnate ; leaflets 
 paucijugate coriaceous; stipules small lateral; flowers in short, 
 solitary or fascicled racemes along wood of last year's branches; 
 bracts and bractlets minute scale-like caducous {Inland regions). 
 See p. 131. 
 
 VII. COPAIFEEE^. 
 
 61. Copaifera L. — ^Flowers small subregular ; receptacle minute, 
 convex or slightly dilated. Sepals 4 (highest sepal broadest), more 
 rarely 5 ; either much imbricated in sestivation, margins tapering ; 
 or slightly imbricated, margins obliquely cut ; or more rarely valvate. 
 Corolla 0. Stamens 8-10, free, subhypogynous or a little perigynous ; 
 4-5-alteruisepalous much shorter ; filaments glabrous, inflexed in 
 bud ; anthers uniform introrse 2-celled 2-rimose versatile. Germen 
 
LBGUMINOS^-OMSALTINIEM. 185 
 
 central free, sessile or shortly stipitate, 2-ovulate ; style slender ; 
 stigma terminal, truncate or small capitate. Legume stipitate or 
 subsessile, either obliquely elliptical or else falcate ovate or obovate, 
 compressed or rather turgid, sometimes subdrupaceous, finally 
 coriaceous, 2-valved. Seed 1, descending ; funicle dilated round hilum 
 into a fleshy aril either entirely enveloping seed or oftener incom- 
 pletely cupuliform or sacciform, or more rarely absent {Gorskia). 
 Embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick fleshy, 2-auriculate at 
 base round short straight included radicle, rarely notably cor- 
 rugated. — An unarmed tree ; leaves alternate paripinnate ; leaflets 
 1- oo-jugate coriaceous oblique, penniveined or co-ribbed ; stipules 
 small ; flowers in racemes or oftener in spikes : inflorescence simple 
 or compound, much-branched terminal and axillary ; bract and bract- 
 lets small scale-like caducous, or more rarely larger (fiuihourtia) 
 persistent round flowers [Tropical America and Africa). See 
 p. 133. 
 
 63. Detarium J. — Flowers of Copaifera ; sepals 4, subhypogy- 
 nous, valvate or slightly imbricated. Stamens 10, hypogynous free. 
 Germen central sessile 2-ovulate ; style revolute ; apex capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Fruit sessile drupaceous orbicular crasso-com- 
 pressed; sarcocarp interwoven with branching fibres; endocarp 
 thick very hard, wrinkled outside. Seed compressed exalbu- 
 minous. — Unarmed trees ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets few, usually 
 alternate ; stipules minute or ; flowers in compound branched 
 spikes ; spikes axillary or lateral on last year's branches ; bracts 
 and bractlets small scale-like caducous {Western tropical Africa). 
 Seep. 136. 
 
 63. Hardwickia Eoxb. — Flowers of Copaifera; sepals 5, much 
 imbricated. Stamens 10, subhypogynous free, either aU fertile or 1-3 
 superior sterile. Grermen 2-ovulate ; style slender ; broadly peltate 
 at stigmatiferous apex or subulate ; stigma minute. Fruit piano- 
 compressed, 2-valved at apex only. Seed 1, compressed; testa thin; 
 embryo exalbuminous fleshy. — Unarmed trees ; leaves paripinnate ; 
 leafless coriaceous 1-3-jugate ; flowers small, in slender much- 
 branched racemes ; bracts and bractlets scale-like {Tropical Asia and 
 Africa). See p. 136. 
 
186 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 64. Prioria Gbiseb. — Flowers of Hardwickia ; sepals 5, closely 
 imbricated, stamens 10, free perigynous ; anthers introrse versatile; 
 conn,ective apiculate. Grermen central, shortly stipitate, 2-ovulate ; 
 style subulate; apex minute stigmatiferous. Fruit obliquely ob- 
 ovate-orbicular, piano-compressed, coriaceous-woody, 3-valved. Seed 
 1, large flat ; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons cohering ; radicle 
 short thick. — An unarmed tree ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets coria- 
 ceous 1, 2-jugate ; stipules scale-like; flowers minute, in much- 
 branched terminal spikes ; bracts minute ; bractlets lateral, connate 
 into a 2-lobed cup a little shorter than calj'x {Central America and 
 West Indies). See p. 137. 
 
 65. Cynometra L. — Flowers (of Hardwickia), 4-5-merous ; calyx 
 imbricated. Petals 4, 5, alternate, nearly equal or 3 inferior smaller, 
 imbricated. Stamens 10- cc, free. Germen central, 2-ovulate; apex 
 of style truncate or dilated, stigmatiferous. Fruit thick, turgid or 
 compressed, usually wrinkled or warty outside, straight or oftener 
 arched, 2-valved. Seed exalbuminous; hilum ventral. — Trees or 
 shrubs, unarmed ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets oblique unsymmetrical 
 coriaceous, 1, or paucijugate ; flowers racemose ; racemes often short or 
 umbelliform, axillary or lateral on wood of stem or branches ; superior 
 bracts of raceme small, inferior often much larger, imbricated; 
 bractlets or membranous, coloured {All tro2ncal regions). See 
 p. 138. 
 
 66. Pterogyne Tul. — Flowers of Cynometra; perianth scarcely 
 perigynous. Stamens 10, free. Grermen shortly stipitate, winged 
 at superior side, 1 -ovulate ; style short ; apex truncate stigmatiferous. 
 Fruit piano-compressed samaroid indehiscent ; wing thin rigid oblong 
 falcate veined: Seed descending; embryo exalbuminous; radicle 
 straight exserted. — An unarmed tree ; leaves paripinnate ; stipules 
 minute ; flowers very small, in short axillary catkin-like racemes ; 
 bracts scale-like, in younger inflorescences much imbricated, finally 
 deciduous {Southern Brazil). See p. 138. 
 
 67. Sindora Mm. — Flowers of Copaifera; sepals 4, with obliquely 
 cut margins, narrowly imbricated or subvalvate; highest sepal 
 broader. Petal 1, superior vexillary sessile, plaited. Stamens 10, sub- 
 1-adelphous or 2-adelphous (9-1), anthers introrse 2-celled, longitu- 
 
L^QVMINOB^-CMSALPINIBM. 187 
 
 dinally rimose ; in 2 stamens alternating with standard longer 
 larger fertile ; in 8 others smaller ; sometimes sterile, more rarely 
 " entirely absent." Germen. shortly stipitate, 2-ovulate ; style slender, 
 stigma small terminal. Fruit shortly stipitate, suborbicular or 
 ovate, compressed, prickly outside, 2-valved. Seed 1, descending; 
 funicle dilated at hilum into an aril ; embryo exalbuminous fleshy. 
 — Unarmed trees ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets few coriaceous ; 
 stipules minute or ; bracts and bractlets scale-like caducous {Tro- 
 pical Asia). See p. 139. 
 
 68. Cryptosepalum Benth. — " Calyx tube very short, lined by a 
 disk : segments 4, minute scale-like. Petal 1, sessile orbiculate. 
 Stamens 3 ; filaments short ; anthers oblong ; cells dehiscing longitu- 
 dinally. Grermen shortly stipitate, free 2-ovulate ; style filiform ; 
 stigma terminal truncate. Legume .... ?" — A small unarmed 
 tree ; leaves paripinnate ; leaves 1-2-jugate coriaceous oblique, 
 lowest rather smaller ; stipules minute ; flowers in short axillary 
 racemes ; bracts at base of young raceme scale-like imbricated, after- 
 wards deciduous, on raceme minute caducous, bractlets rather large, 
 concave valvate including bud {Tropical Africa). See p. 140. 
 
 VIII. DIMOEPHANDEE^. 
 
 69. Dimorphandra Schott. — Mowers regular ; receptacle very 
 short, rather concave. Calyx campanulate, evenly 5-lobed or 
 5-toothed. Petals 5, subhypogynous ; nearly equal, imbricated ; 
 highest petal innermost. Stamens 10, free subhypogynous; 5 
 oppositipetalous equal free, anthers introrse 2-celled 2-rimose ; 5 
 alternipetalous sterile, either sterile, somewhat clubbed, at apex {Eudi- 
 morphandra. Mora), or dilated thick fleshy unevenly obpyramidal 
 cohering into a body, more, or less projecting fertile stamens and 
 deciduous on anthesis {Pocillwm). Germen central, shortly stipitate, 
 00 -ovulate ; style very short or nearly absent ; stigma small terminal. 
 Legume elongated compressed coriaceous — subligneous 2-valved ; 
 endocarp woody, sometimes separable from exocarp, transversely 
 septate between seeds. Seeds orbicular or elongated, embryo 
 exalbuminous ; radicle short straight included. — Unarmed trees ; 
 leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate ; stipules minute or ; flowers small in 
 
188 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 racemes or more usually spikes; inflorescences simple or much 
 branched at extremities of branches ; bracts small caducous ; bractlets 
 {Tropical America). See p. 140. 
 
 70. Burkea Hook. — Eeceptacle shortly concave, lined by a disk. 
 Calyx campanulate, evenly 5-lobed. Corolla subregular, imbricated. 
 Stamens 10; filaments short; anthers uniform, introrse 2-rimose ; 
 connective inflexed glandular appendiculate at apex. Germen 
 central, sessile or very shortly stipitate, 2-ovulate ; style very short, 
 thick ; stigma terminal concave. Legume oblong piano-compressed 
 subcoriaceous indehiscent (?). Seeds compressed, " funicle filiform ; 
 outer coat thin ; inner cartilaginous-fleshy ; albumen ; cotyledons 
 flat thin ; radicle straight short included." — Trees or shrubs,, un- 
 armed ; leaves 2-pinnate ; pinnae paucijugate ; leaflets coriaceous ; 
 stipules minute; flowers small (polgyamous ?) in interrupted elongated 
 simple or branched spikes; bracts minute {Tropical and southern 
 Africa). See p. 141. 
 
 71. Erythrophlceum Afz. — Eeceptacle shortly cupuliform, lined 
 by a disk. Calyx campanulate regular, shortly 5-toothed. Petals 
 5, equal, subvalvate or slightly imbricated. Stamens 10, perigynous, 
 free, equal or alternipetalous shorter ; anthers uniform 2-rimose. 
 Germen stipitate central oo-ovulate ; style short ; stigma terminal 
 obtuse. Legume oblong compressed, thickly coriaceous, pulpy 
 within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds compressed, embryo albu- 
 minous ; cotyledons subfoliaceous ; radicle straight, shortly exserted. 
 — Unarmed trees ; leaves 2-pinnate ; leaflets coriaceous, often alter- 
 nate ; flowers small, in dense much-branched racemes at extremities 
 of branches; bracts small; bractlets [Tropical Africa and Australia). 
 See p. 142. 
 
 72? Brandzeia H. Bn. — Flowers regular; receptacle obconical, 
 lined by a disk. Sepals 4, 5, perigynous imbricated. Petals 5, nearly 
 equal, furnished with long claws, imbricated. Stamens 10, perigy. 
 nous : filaments free slender, inflexed in bud, finally long exserted ; 
 anthers introrse 2-riraose versatile ; connective glandular. Grermen 
 central stipitate co-ovulate; style slender involute; apex scarcely 
 dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate elongated piano-com- 
 pressed, unevenly bent ; gibbous on both sides, coriaceous woody. 
 
LEGUMINOR^-O^SALPINIE^. 189 
 
 indehiscent (?) ; sutures somewhat thickened. Seeds oo; coats thick; 
 albumen copious ; embryo rather fleshy, greenish ; cotyledons elon- 
 gated ; radicle straight exserted. — An unarmed tree ; leaves alternate 
 2-pinnate ; leaflets small numerous ; stipules minute caducous ; 
 flowers small in cymiferous much-branched racemes ; inflorescence 
 terminal or lateral on wood of last year's branches {Islands of eastern 
 tropical Africa). See p. 144. 
 
SUB-ORDER PAPILIONACE.E. 
 
 I. VICIA SERIES. 
 
 The study of the plants of this order and of the Leguminosa- 
 Papilionacea generally may be well commenced by a detailed study 
 
 "Ficia Faha {^Common Bean). 
 
 Fig. 138.— Habit (i). 
 
LEQUMmOSm-FAFILIONAGE^. 
 
 191 
 
 of the Common Bean (Vicid^ Fabd ; Fr., Feve commune). In this 
 plant (figs. 188-142) the flowers are hermaphrodite irregular and 
 resupinate. The receptacle forms a shallow cup lined with glandular 
 tissue. In the bottom of this is inserted the gynseceum, while its 
 oblique edges bear the calyx, corolla and androceum. The calyx is 
 
 Ticia Faba. 
 
 Fig. 139. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Pl(J. 141. 
 
 Wing. 
 
 Fig. 142. 
 Keel (!•). 
 
 gamosepalous membranous, slightly gibbous below and posteriorly, 
 and divided above into five narrow unequal lobes, becoming longer 
 as they approach the back of the flower. In the bud the anterior 
 lobe overlaps the two lateral, which in turn overlap the two posterior. 
 These last are valvate by their posterior edges (fig. 139).^ The 
 petals, free and alternating with the calyx lobes, together form what 
 is termed a " papilionaceous" corolla. The posterior petal, unlike the 
 rest (fig. 140), and termed vexillum or " standard" (Fr., etendard), is 
 
 1 T., Inst., 396, t. 221.— L., Gen., n. 873.— 
 Adans., Fam.des PI., ii. 331.— J., Oen., 360.— 
 Lamk., Did., viii. 551 ; Suppl., v. 469 ; III., t. 
 634.— G^ETN., Fruct, ii. 325, t. 51. — DC, 
 Prodr., ii. 354. — Spach, Suit, a Suffon, i. 
 300. — EiTDi.., Gen., 6581.— AiBr., in (Estr. 
 Sot. Zeitschr. (1858); in Powplandia (1861), 
 66, 69, 116.— B. H., Gen., 525, 1002, n. 184 
 (incl. -. Abacosa Alep., Atossa Aleb., Coppol- 
 leria Todae., Cracca RiT., Oiijunia Alej., 
 Fndmia AiEP., Troilia Link, Ermm T. (part.), 
 Faba T., SyfecTmm khSB., Orobella Pbesl, 
 Oxypogon Rapin., Pa/rallosa khm., SeUunia 
 Alef., Swantia Aiee., Titammal Ajj^t., Vicilla 
 
 ScHUE., Vicioides McENCH, Wiggersia AlEF.). 
 A1.EEEID makes or retains most of the preceding 
 genera in the group Vicia, which he considers 
 not a genus, but a separate tribe, and calls 
 ViciidecB. 
 
 ^ L., Spec, 1039. — -Faba vulgaris Mcench, 
 Meth., 130.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 354. 
 
 ' In Erowm (L., Gen., 874 ; — DC, op. cii., 
 366), which, omitting the species of the group 
 I/ens, is referred by many authors to the genus 
 Vicia, the calyx lobes are simply longer and 
 narrower than in Vicia proper, and the ovary 
 often contains but two or three ovules. 
 
192 NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 obovate emarginate, and tapers below into a large claw with involute 
 edges. The two lateral petals, called alee or "wings" (Fr., ailes), 
 symmetrical with respect to each other and far shorter and narrower 
 than the standard, have an irregularly and obliquely oblong limb, 
 with a lateral projection below and a long slender curved claw 
 (fig. 141). The two anterior petals differ from both wings and 
 standard in size and form, but resemble each other. The limb is 
 irregular, and like the wing with the base of the inferior edge of its 
 posterior border produced into an unsymmetrical auricle ; it is un- 
 equally wrinkled and bears on its outer surface, not far from the top 
 of this auricle, a depression by which it chngs to a corresponding 
 projection on the inner face of the wing. The claw is here also 
 slender and curved, and coheres for a certain distance along its 
 inferior border with that of the petal symmetrical. This close 
 adhesion is prolonged all the way up the limb ; so that the two 
 anterior petals together form a single piece (fig. 142), which is 
 termed the " keel" or carina (Fr., carene). In the bud the keel is over- 
 lapped by the wings, themselves again overlapped by the standard — 
 an imbrication known as the vexillary prafloration. The androceum 
 consists of ten stamens, subperigynous like the perianth ; five super- 
 posed to the calyx-lobes, and five, shorter, to the petals. The 
 filaments are diadelphous, the nine anterior being united below into 
 a tube split along its superior edge, while the tenth, superposed to 
 the standard, and hence termed the vexillary stamen, remains free 
 on the superior side of the flower. The free summit of each filament 
 bears an introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence.' The 
 gynseceum, formed by a single carpel superposed to the anterior 
 sepal, consists of a subsessile one-celled ovary surmounted by an 
 inflexed style whose apex is dilated into a little stigmatiferous head, 
 below which the dorsal edge of the style bears a thick tuft of hairs.^ 
 Above the wall of the ovary next the standard is a longitudinal 
 placenta on whose two lips are inserted a variable number^ of de- 
 
 ' The pollen is generally ovoidal or ellipsoidal vermis, Lathyrus odoratus and pratensis, and 
 
 in the group. Each group bears three longi- Fisum saiwiim. 
 
 tudinal folds, which in the spherical moistened ^In the section Oracco (Kit., t. 52, nee L.) the 
 grain are represented by either smooth or pa- style is slightly compressed from side to side, and 
 piEose bands. H. Mohl. (in Arm. So. Nat,, ser. 2, the fruit bears an oblique dilatation at the apex, 
 iii. 341) has found the latter condition in the ' Only two, or rarely three, as we have men- 
 pollen of Vicia Cracca and st/lvatica, Orohus tioned in certain of the species of Jirmim, which 
 
 are now united with the genus Vicia, 
 
LEGUMINOS^-FAPILIONAOE^. 193 
 
 scending campylotropous ovules, whose micropyles look upwards 
 and outwards/ The fruit is a pod, elongated and subcylindrical or 
 slightly compressed, thick and at first fleshy, finally coriaceous," and 
 dehiscing by two longitudinal clefts into two valves, freeing from its 
 single cavity a variable number of descending campylotropous seeds. 
 Each of these, attached by a broad hilum, contains within its thick 
 coats a, fleshy exalbuminous embryo, with thick cotyledons and an 
 inflexed accumbent radicle. The Bean is a herbaceous annual, with 
 alternate pinnate leaves, whose leaflets, variable in number (from one 
 to three pairs), are unsymmetrical and entire, while the extremity 
 of the rachis aborts and is reduced to a narrow tongue. The two 
 lateral stipules are membranous and unsymmetrical,^ and the flowers 
 are united, few together, in short axillary racemes.* 
 
 The other species of the genus Vicia often differ from this in 
 habit, for their stem is rarely erect, more frequently creeping along 
 the ground, and still oftener climbing and hooking on to neigh- 
 bouring bodies by the cirr/d or tendrils borne on the leaves. These 
 tendrils represent the midrib of the terminal leaflet, with (if ramified) 
 those of the last lateral leaflets. The flowers are often collected into 
 racemes,' or more rarely one, two, or three together on a level with 
 the axils of the leaves." Each flower is accompanied by a very 
 caducous bract, but has no lateral bractlets. Some two hundred 
 species' of this genus have been described, natives of the temperate 
 regions of the whole northern hemisphere and of South America.^ 
 
 The Lentils' (Er., Lentilles) come very near Vicia, from which 
 perhaps they should not be generically separated; their style is 
 
 ' They have two coats. Amtr., t. 34, 229, 364 — W., Spec, iii. 1093. — 
 
 2 The walls are not so thick or so fleshy, or H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, t. 581-583. — 
 coriaceous, in any of the remaining species of Ledbb., M. Boss. Icon., t. 50, 108, 366, 368, 
 Vicia. 481. — ^Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 84. — ^Desp., Fl. 
 
 3 In V. Faba they bear a dark-purple thick Atlant., t. 197, 198.— Beot., Ph/t. Lusit., t. 
 glandular spot. 52.— Sibth., Fl. Ch-cec, t. 699-702.— MoEis, 
 
 ^ Or rather pseudo-racemes ; the true ar- Fl. Sard., t, 69-71. — DC, Ic. PI. Gall. Ear., 
 
 rangement of the flowers is not yet well known. 33. — Webb, Phyt. Camar., t. 65, B, C. — Jaitb. 
 
 * In many of the species it will be seen that & Space, HI. PI. Orient., t. 41. — Boiss., Foy., 
 
 these so-called racemes have flowers on only one t. 57. — Sweet, Brit. Fl. Ga/rd., ser. 2,t. 274. — 
 
 side of the chief axis of the inflorescence, the GEEir.&GorE.,i'i.(ie Jr.,!. 458-475. — Benth., 
 
 other side remaining bare. in MaH. Fl. Bras., Papil., 107, t. 29. — Bot. 
 
 « But not in the very axils of the leaves ; for Beff., t. 871.— So*. Mag., t. 2098, 2141, 2206, 
 
 the study of the development shows that the 2946. — Waip., Sep.,i. 713 j ii. 885; Ann., i. 
 
 inflorescence is not really axillary here any more 242 ; ii. 398 j iv. 528. — Bakee, in Oliv., Fl. 
 
 than in the Bean. Trap. Afr., ii. 172. 
 
 ' But this number should probably be reduced ^ Zens T., Inst., 390, t. 210.— Mcench, Meth., 
 
 ty half. 131. — Gben. & GoDB., Fl. de Fr., i. 476. — 
 
 s Jacq., Sort. Tmdoh., t. 146, 147 ; Fl. B. H., Gen., 525, n. 185. 
 
 VOL, II. O 
 
194 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 slightly compressed from within outwards, and on its hinder face is 
 a longitudinal surface covered with fine hairs. The ovary generally 
 contains only two ovules. 
 
 Fismn sativum (Common Pea). 
 
 'k 
 
 IV< 
 
 Fi&. 147. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Pia. 143. 
 Ploriferous branch (5). 
 
 Lathyrui is also scarcely distinct from Vicia. The sheath formed 
 by the staminal filaments is horizontally, not obliquely, truncate 
 at the apex, and the style becomes broadly flattened from before 
 
 1 T., Inst., 394, t. 216, 217.— L., Gen., ... 
 
 3172. DC, ProAr., ii. 369. — Endl., Gen., n. 
 
 6582.— B. H., ff«»., 526, n. \%Q.—Clymermm 
 T , o«. dt., t. 218.— OoJms T., op. (At., 396, t. 
 219, iia.—ApTiaoa T., op. oit., 399, t. 223.— 
 Nis'soUa T., op. cit.. Append., t. 656 (nee L.).— 
 OroUs L., Ben., 871.— DC, Prodr., ii. 376— 
 Ehdi., Ge».,n.6583.— CJcereZioMcENCH, Meth., 
 
 168. — Astrophia Ntjtt., in Torr. and Ch. M. 
 N. Amer., i. 278.— A. Gbat, in Suc/cl. and 
 Coop. Nat. Sist. Wash., 54, t. Q.—Platystylis 
 Sweet, Brit. PI. Ga/rd., t. 239. — Anwrms E. 
 Met., Preuss. Vfl. Gatt., 258.— Alepeib (in 
 Bomplamdia [1861], 126, 139), making the 
 genus Lafhyms also into a subtrihe {Lathy- 
 rosecB) divides that into several genera ; — Ziothy- 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOEJE. 
 
 19S 
 
 backwards, and rigid and indurated. The whole length of its 
 posterior face is bearded. 
 
 The Peas' (Fr., Pois) have nearly all the characters of Ficia, 
 from which they only differ in the form of the style, which here also 
 
 Via. 145. 
 Androceum and gynsecemn. 
 
 Fio. 146. 
 Gynseceum (S.), 
 
 is broad, but instead of remaining flat is bent longitudinally into a 
 gutter, whose hollow looks towards the back of the flower. 
 
 To this series also belong the Chickpeas^ (Ft., CMc/tes, Ciches ; 
 fig. 148), in which the wings of the corolla are free, while the style 
 is slender and beardless ; and the fruit is a turgid, bladder-like pod, 
 containing but few seeds with straight radicles. There remains the 
 abnormal genus Abrus (Fr., Liane-Befflisse^), which has a twining 
 stem, woody at the base, and only nine monadelphous stamens to 
 its flowers. The gynseceum has a glabrous style with capitate 
 stigma. This genus has been made by several authors the type of 
 a distinct series, Abrinece, placed doubtfully by some next Phaseolets, 
 
 rus, Cicercula, Navidwra, and Lastila. His 
 Orobosa includes the genera Clymermm, Ora- 
 phiosa. Lens, Afhaaa, and Orohus. I believe 
 that no one else admits this incredible mnltiplioa- . 
 tion of genera. 
 
 ' Pimm T., Inst., 394, t. 215.— L., Genl, u. 
 870 (part.).— J., Oen., 360.— Lamk., Sicti., v. 
 455; Suppl., iv. 452; HI., t. 633. — GiEBTN., 
 Fritei., ii. 331, t. 152.— DC, Prodr., ii. 368.— 
 Endi., Gen. n. 6759.— B. H., Gen., 527, n. 187. 
 \_Vicia is strictly Vetch (Fr., Vesce), Lathfrm 
 "VetcWing," or "Everlasting-pea" {Gesse), and 
 Pimm "Pea" (Pois); but all four terms are 
 used for different species of Lathyrus in English. 
 So " Tare" is applied to certain species of La- 
 ihyrns, IBnum, and Viciri.'] 
 
 2 Cicer T., Inst., 389, t. 110.— L. Gen., n. 
 
 875. — G^EtN., Fruct, ii. 326, t. 151. — DC, 
 Mem. Legum., t. 54 ; Prodr., ii. 354. — Eimi,., 
 Gen., n. 6578.— E. H., Gen., 524, u. 183. 
 
 3 L., Gen. Mont., n. 1286.— G^ktn., Fnief., 
 ii. 328, 1. 151.— Lamk., Diet, i. 3; III, t. 608, 
 fig. 1.— DC, Prodr., ii. 381.— Etol., Gen., n. 
 6698.— B. H,, Gen., 527, n. 188.— H. Bs., in 
 Diet, JBna/cl. des So. Medic, i. 245. The reader 
 will see that we here follow what we believe to 
 be the best course in treating the very natural 
 orders, such as PapilionaoecE. After a detailed 
 description of the chief type of the series, we 
 run quickly over the other genera. All details of 
 their organization and bibliography will be given 
 in the Genera (pp. 229 & seq.). In order to 
 avoid repetitions. This plan we shall follow in all 
 the other series of this suborder. 
 
 o 2 
 
196 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 by others next Ficiece, thougli really differing from both. The calyx 
 of Jdrus is nearly truncate above, and its two posterior teeth are 
 more or less coherent. The claw of the standard is slightly adherent 
 to the base of the gutter formed by the staminal filaments. The 
 fruit is an oblong or linear compressed bivalve pod, with rudiments 
 of septa inside between the seeds. These are the pretty little red 
 
 Oicer a/netinum. 
 
 Fl&. 148. 
 Habit (I). 
 
 " peas" with a black stain at one end, so well and universally known. 
 By the characters of its fruit Abrus is sharply marked off from 
 Dalbergiece, to which series the organization of its flower would have 
 else approximated it. Its leaves are paripinnate with indefinite 
 leaflets. Excepting then this last genus, the series Viciece is most 
 natural ; so that it will be seen how slight are the characters used 
 to distinguish the several genera, and how insufficient they would 
 be deemed in many other orders. 
 
LBGUMINOaM-FAFILIONAOEJE. 
 
 197 
 
 II. KIDNEY-BEAN SEEIES. 
 
 The Kidney-beans (Er., Haricots ;^ figs. 149-152) have resupinate 
 hermaphrodite flowers. Their slightly concave receptacle is lined by 
 a glandular disk which rises up in the centre into a sheath around 
 the foot of the gynseceum. The calyx, inserted on the rim of the 
 receptacular cup, is gamosepalous, five-lobed though two-lipped ; the 
 upper lip consists of two lobes^ united for a good way by their 
 superior edges ; the lower, of three lobes, at first imbricated in the 
 
 Phaseolus mtiliijloriis. 
 
 Fig. 149. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fig. 151. 
 Pistil (f). 
 
 Fig. 152. 
 Ovule (la). 
 
 bud. The corolla is papilionaceous. The standard is suborbicular, 
 first spreading, finally reflexed or slightly twisted, and subsessile 
 with two more or less prominent auricles at the base. Its wings 
 are oblong or obovate, as long as the standard or longer. The keel 
 varies in form and ends in a spirally twisted beak. The ten stamens 
 are superposed five to the sepals, five to the petals. They are 
 diadelphous ; and the vexillary filament (the only free one) is di- 
 lated a little above its insertion, where it often presents a little scale- 
 like appendage. The ten anthers are uniform, introrse two-celled 
 and of longitudinal dehiscence.' The gynseceum consists of a sessile 
 
 1 PhaseoUs L., &en., n. 866.— Adans., Fam. 
 des PL, ii. 325.— J., Gen., 356.— GiEBTN ., Fmct., 
 ii. 321, 1. 150.— Sati, Diss. Phaseol. (1824), 8.— 
 DC, Prodr., ii. 390. — Space, Suit, a Buffon, i. 
 322.— Endl., Gen., n. 667^B. H., Gen., 538, 
 
 n. 221. — Strophostyles Ell., Carol., ii. 229. — 
 Phasellus MmircH, Meth., 240. 
 
 2 The pollen resembles that of the Viciea, 
 with smooth or papillose bands. 
 
198 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 or subsessile pluriovulate ovary/ tapering above into a style which 
 is lodged in the keel, and is similarly twisted. The surface of the 
 style is often covered with hairs for a considerable distance, and its 
 apex is dilated into a more or less oblique stigmatiferous head 
 (fig. 151). The fruit is a straight or bowed pod, subcylindrical or 
 compressed ; the pericarp, projecting slightly between the seeds, 
 finally opens longitudinally into two valves. The seeds, variable 
 in number, are reniform or ovoidal, attached to the fruit by an 
 elongated ill-developed hilum. Within their coats is a fleshy 
 starchy embryo, whose thick cotyledons are applied together by 
 their flat faces, and whose radicle lies near the middle of the inner 
 border of the seed, next the hilum. The Kidney-beans are erect 
 or tvdning herbs, rarely woody at the base. Their leaves are alter- 
 nate, pinnately trifoliolate or rarely unifoliolate, with two lateral 
 persistent stipules. Each leaflet has a pedicel, articulated at its 
 base where it is accompanied by one or two stipules. The flowers 
 are collected next the axils of the leaves into simple or multiple 
 racemes. The lower part of the peduncles is bare below.^ This 
 genus contains some fifty species from all warm countries.^ 
 
 The spiral keel is also found in the two neighbouring species, 
 each forming a genus of itself, namely Minkelersia galactioides Mart. 
 & Zucc, from Mexico, which only difiers from Phaseolus in the form 
 of the pieces of the perianth and in its inflorescence ; and Physostigma 
 venenosum Balf.,^ a native of Africa, known by the name of Calabar- 
 or Ordeal-bean {Feve de Calabar). It has the flowers of Phaseolus, 
 but the style is broadly dilated into a triangular blade above the 
 stigma (fig. 154); and its voluminous pod contains large seeds with 
 tough coats down one side of which runs a long narrow umbilical 
 cicatrix extending more than half round the seed (fig. 155). 
 
 The keel is obtuse or merely bowed or beaked in Vignecs, which 
 subseries comprises besides Vigna the four genera Bolichos, Voandzeia, 
 PachyrUzus, and Psophocarpus, all very closely allied. The character 
 
 ' The ovules are descending, completely or Ic. Ear., t. 558. — WiasT, Icon., t. 34 249 
 
 incompletely campylotropous (fig. 152), with the 755. — Wail., Fl. Asiat. Mar., t. 6, 63. 
 
 micropyle upwards and outwards. They have Benth., in Mart. M. Bras., Papil., 180, t. 49! 
 
 two coats. Gken. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., i. 457. Bot. Meg. 
 
 2 Bentham (foe. cit.) divides this genus into t. 341, 743. — Bot. Mag., t. 4076. Walp., Mep! 
 
 six artificial sections: Hrepamospron, Fupha- i. 770; ii. 901; (r. 537; Ann., i. 251; ii'. 426' 
 
 seolus, Zeptospron, Sirophostyles, Macropti- iv. 560. — Bakee, in Oliv., Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 191. 
 Hum, and (?) DysoloUmn. ' For the details of this genus and the suc- 
 
 ' Jacq., Mart. Vindob., t. 66, 90, 100, 114; oeeding ones see thesGewero, p. 233. 
 
LSaUMINOSm-PAPILIONAGB^. 
 
 199 
 
 of the beak distinguishes this little group from that of the Eupha- 
 seolea, where the keel is spirally twisted. Thus nothing can come 
 
 PTiysostigma venenomm {Oalaiwr Beam). 
 
 Fig. 153. 
 Floriferous branch (^). 
 
 Fi&. 155. 
 Seed. 
 
 nearer to a Kidney Bean than a Doliclios, and the two genera are 
 often confounded in collections ; but an examination of the keel is 
 suflScient to remove all doubts. 
 
 In the GalactiecB the inflorescence remains the same as in the 
 preceding types, the axis of the raceme bearing little thick very 
 short knot-like secondary axes. The bracts are small and often 
 caducous. The two upper lobes of the calyx are often united into 
 one. The vexillary stamen remains free, and the style is glabrous. 
 In this subseries or subtribe are placed the five genera Galactia, 
 Grona, Cymhosema, Calopogonium, and Mastersia. 
 
 The sub-series Erythrinece contains eight genera : Erythrina, 
 StronyylodoUj Budol^Ua, Mucuna, Jpios, Cochlianthus, Butea, and 
 
200 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAWT8. 
 
 Spatholobus. Excepting the last, which though rendered by its 
 fruit and vegetative organs inseparable from Butea, presents the 
 general organization of the Galactiem, all these genera have the 
 inflorescence of the Galadieee, or of the Eupliaseolem or Vignem, with 
 flowers whose standard is shorter than the wings or keel ; or else 
 very large, with the wings very short, or in any case shorter than 
 the keel. The style is beardless and the floral bracts are small or 
 caducous. 
 
 The small group Dioclea has the same inflorescence and bracts. 
 The calyx is usually four-lobed, with the posterior lobe broadest, or 
 else it is equally bilabiate. The vexUlary stamen, free at the base, 
 joins the rest above ; the style is beardless. The five genera Dioclea, 
 Camptosema, CleobuUa, Pueraria, and Canavalia constitute this sub- 
 series. 
 
 In the group Glycineee the secondary axis of the inflorescence loses 
 Kenmdya pro-rata. the kuot-like appearance of the preceding sub- 
 series. The vexiUary stamen may be either free 
 or united with the rest. The standard is 
 altogether without appendages, or else its edges 
 are only slightly inflexed at the base. The style 
 is glabrous except in Clitoria. This group con- 
 tains the eleven genera: Glycine, Shuteria, 
 p^ Teramnus, Kennedya (figs. 156, 157), Dumasia, 
 
 Longitudinal Ampfdcarpa, Coloc/ania, Periandra, Centrosema, 
 section of fruit, cutgria, 3iad. Pltttycyamus. 
 In Cajanem, too, the nodes of the inflorescence are wanting. The 
 flowers have no lateral bractlets ; the vexiUary stamen is free ; and 
 the style is beardless with a terminal stigma. The leaves are 
 covered, at least underneath, vsrith resinous dots, and the stipules of 
 the leaflets are small or absent. In this last subseries we have 
 the eight genera : Cajanus, Fayelia, Atylosia, Bunbaria, Cylista, 
 Bhynchosia, Eriosema, and Flemingia. In the four last the number of 
 ovules and seeds is always very limited.' 
 
 ' The characters sepai-ating these six sub- artificial and in no way absolutely distinguished 
 series are very far from being absolute, as, indeed, from its neighbours, 
 might be expected in a series which is itself quite 
 
LEGUMINOS^-FAPILIONACE^. 
 
 201 
 
 III. GALEGA SERIES. 
 
 Galena} (fig. 158) has irregular resupinate hermapnrodite flowers. 
 The slightly dilated receptacle bears in due order a gamosepalous 
 calyx, a papilionaceous corolla, a monadelphous diplostemonous an- 
 droceum of subhypogynous insertion, and a unicarpeUary gynseceum. 
 The calyx divides above into five 
 
 Til i.i 11 11 Galeqa officinalis. 
 
 shallow teeth or lobes, valvate 
 or subimbricate in the bud. 
 The standard is obovate or ob- 
 long with the midrib projecting 
 along its back, and tapers into 
 a short claw at the base ; the 
 shortly unguiculate wings are 
 oblong, with the limb unsym- 
 metrical, especially near the 
 base, and are often slightly adhe- 
 rent to the somewhat incurved 
 obtuse keel. The staminal fila- 
 ments form a complete tube 
 below. In the five stamens 
 superposed to the calyx-lobes 
 the free part of the filament is 
 longer ; but their anthers resem- 
 ble those of the oppositipetalous 
 stamens, though usually a little 
 larger.'' The gynseceum con- 
 sists of a sessile or subsessile 
 ovary, containing an indefinite 
 number of descending campy- 
 lotropous ovules, and tapering above into an incurved glabrous 
 subulate style, ending in a little stigmatiferous head. The fruit is 
 
 Fm. 158. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 ' T., I'Mt., 398, t. 122.— Mill, Icon., t. 
 137. — Adans., Fam. des PL, ii. 322. — J., Gen., 
 359.— Lamk., Diet., ii. 595 ; III., t. 625.— DC, 
 Prod/r., ii. 248.— Spa CH, Suit, a Buffon, i. 249.— 
 Endl., Gen., B.6533.— B. H., Gen., 496, n. 97.— 
 Callotropis Don(G.), Gen. Syst.,\\.2,'2S. — Endl., 
 Gen., n. 6535 (nee B. Bk.). — Accoromiona 
 Endl., Gen., 1427. 
 
 ^ The pollen resembles that of Viciea in all 
 Galegeee hitherto examined (H. Mohl, in Ann. 
 So. Nat., ser. 2, iii. 341). This form seems to 
 be that of Papilionacea, so that in treating of 
 the other series we shall abstain from referring 
 to this point. 
 
202 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 a somewliat rounded linear pod, surmounted by a point formed by 
 the persistent base of the style, and dehiscing into two thin 
 obliquely-striate valves ; it contains in its single cavity an indefinite 
 
 Moiinia Paevdacacia {^Garden Acacia). 
 
 Vm. 159. 
 Ploriferous branch {\). 
 
 number of transverse oblong seeds with fleshy exalbuminous embryos. 
 Galena consists of perennial herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Their 
 alternate imparipinnate leaves have entire leaflets and unsymmetrical 
 lateral stipules, often greatly developed. The flowers form terminal 
 and axillary racemes, each flower axillary to an often persistent bract. 
 The three species of this genus belong to the South of Europe and 
 to Eastern Asia.' 
 
 The Galegece proper (or Tephrosiem) have the following points in 
 common with the preceding genus. The flowers form racemes, 
 terminal, leaf-opposed, or collected into terminal panicles." More 
 rarely the inflorescences occupy the axils of the upper leaves, or 
 else the floral pedicels are all, or only the lower ones, paired or 
 
 1 SiBTH., M. OrcBc., t. '726.— Sweet, Brit. 
 FL Gard., 1. 159, 244— Gbbn. & Gode., FL de 
 
 Fr., i. 455.— 5ot Fieg., t. Zm.—Bot. Mag., t. 
 2192. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACEJS. 
 
 203 
 
 fascicled in the axils of the leaves. The flowers have muticous 
 anthers, usually indefinite ovules and an often rigid style. The 
 
 IniAgofera tmetoria {Indigo-plant'), 
 
 Fj&. 160. 
 Habit (1). 
 
 pod opens in two valves. The subseries consists of erect or 
 climbing trees, or more rarely of trees ; it includes eleven genera ; 
 Galega, Ptychosema, Barhieria, Peteria, Sylitra, Teplirosia, Mundulea, 
 Chadsia, Milletia, Sarcodum, and Wistaria. 
 
 The Bobinias (fig. 159), vulgarly termed False-Acacias (Faux- 
 Acacias) have been made the types of a second subseries BoUniece, 
 which is quite artificial, presenting all the general characters of the 
 preceding but with the inflorescences all axillary, or fascicled on 
 the wood of the old branches. It contains fifteen genera : Bobinia, 
 Gliricidia, Diphysa, Sabinea, Corynella, Poitma, Vilmorinia, Lennea, 
 Olneya, Coursetia, Poissonia^ (Bn.), Cracca, Sesbania, Microcharis, Car- 
 michcslia, and Notospartium. 
 
 ' Given only iu the addenda in the French edition. 
 
204 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Coluteee forms a third group with the six genera ; Colutea, Suther- 
 landia, Swainsona, Lessertia, Clianthus, and Eremosparton. These 
 are herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants, of axUlary inflorescence. 
 The flowers have a usually spreading or reflexed standard, diadelphous 
 stamens (9-1), muticous anthers, a multiovulate ovary, and a style 
 
 Astragalus verus. 
 
 Fia. 161. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 often rigid, always bearded along its superior edge. The fruit is 
 often bladder-like. 
 
 The fourth subseries or subtribe, Indigoferece, only includes In- 
 digofera (Indigo-plant; Fr., Indigotier) and Cyanopsis. It consists 
 of herbs or shrubs, with often dotted leaves covered with peculiar 
 hairs.' The flowers form axillary racemes or spikes ; their anthers 
 
 • Fixed by the middln (" Fill medifixV). 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOEJE. 
 
 205 
 
 are usually tipped by a gland or a point (raucro). The pod is 
 bivalve, usually many-seeded. 
 
 The embryo of JBrongniartia presents a peculiar character very rare 
 in Papilionacece ; its radicle is straight as in Ccesalpiniea. The seed 
 has a little aril.' The genus consists of erect shrubs, with the 
 
 Aslragahis monspeliensis. 
 
 Pig. 162. 
 Flower (f ). 
 
 Fig. 163. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 Fig. 164. 
 Androceum and gynsBceum. 
 
 flowers in terminal racemes, or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. 
 The anthers are muticous ; the ovary pluriovulate. The pod 
 always opens by two valves. The three genera Lamprolohium, 
 Harpalyce, and Brovgniartia compose the subseries Brongniartiece. 
 
 Astragalus (Fr., Astragale, figs. 161-164) is the type of Astragalees- 
 which also includes Oxytropis, Biserrula, Gueldenstcedtia, GlycyrrMza 
 (Liquorice, Fr., Beglisse — fig. 165) Calophaca, Halimodendron, and 
 Caragana. These are herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. The flowers are 
 solitary or in racemes or umbels, but always axillary. The flower 
 has an erect standard, often narrow, with its sides reflexed, diadel- 
 phous stamens with muticous anthers, and a pluriovulate ovary 
 with a glabrous style. The fruit is compressed cylindrical, or 
 offcener turgid or bladder-like, frequently divided into two false 
 cells by a longitudinal partition springing from one of the car- 
 pellary sutures. 
 
 ' Forming a fleshy excrescence from the hilum. 
 
206 
 
 NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 In the group Fsoralece or AmorpJieee we find the greatest reduction 
 
 Glycyrrliiza glabra. 
 
 of the flower in this series 
 
 Amorpha fruticosa. 
 
 Fig. 166. 
 Flower (f ). 
 
 Fig. 165.— Habit (i). 
 
 Sometimes the corolla is reduced to a 
 single petal, the standard, as in Amor- 
 pha (figs. 166, 167), or is altogether 
 absent as in Faryella; sometimes, as 
 in Fsoralea, the ovary contains but a 
 single ovule. "We may rarely find 
 two or three ovules; and one genus, 
 Asagresa, is so far exceptional as to 
 possess half a dozen. The androceum 
 alone remains as in most Papilionacece ; 
 it is decandrous and monadelphous. 
 The PsoralecB are herbs or shrubs 
 whose leaves are covered with glan- 
 dular dots. The flowers form racemes 
 Fig. 167. ., , 
 
 Long. sect, of flower, or spiKcs, and possess muticous an- 
 
LBGJJMINOSM-FATILIONAGEM. 
 
 207 
 
 thers ; the fruit is generally, if not always, one-seeded. The suh- 
 series includes nine genera : Psoralea, Balea, Marina, Petalostemon, 
 JEysenhardtia, Amorpha, Paryella, Apojplanesia, and Asagrcsa. 
 
 IV. LOTUS SERIES. 
 
 Lotus^ (Fr., Lotier) has. irregular resupinate hermaphrodite flowers. 
 On the edges of the concave receptacle, lined with glandular tissue, 
 are inserted the perianth and 
 
 I rm £• 1 Lotus condculatus (JBird's-foot Trefoil). 
 
 androceum. The nve equal or \ j j i 
 
 unequal lohes of the gamo- 
 petalous calyx are approxi- 
 mated into two lips.^ The 
 corolla is papilionaceous. Its 
 standard, obovate ovate acu- 
 minate, or suborbicular, ta- 
 pers slightly at the base to 
 form a short claw. The wings 
 are obovate, very unsymme- 
 trical towards the base of the 
 shortly unguiculate limb. 
 The incurved or inflexed 
 beaked keel is gibbous on both 
 sides. There are ten diadelphous stamens, the nine inferior being 
 united into a tube cleft above, while the tenth or vexillary 
 stamen is free. The five alternipetalous stamens are longer than 
 the rest, and their filaments are more dilated above, below the 
 introrse or subbasifixed two-celled anthers, which dehisce longi- 
 tudinally. The gynseceum, inserted in the bottom of the receptacle, 
 consists of a sessile multiovulate ovary, surmounted by a glabrous 
 style, naked or bearing an appendage of variable form, and with a 
 
 Pig. 168. 
 Fruit (f). 
 
 ' L., Gen., n. 897.— DC, Prodr., ii. 209.— 
 Endi,., Gen., n. 6514.— B. H., Gen., 490,n. 81. — 
 Tetragonolohus Scop., Fl. Camiol., ii. 87. — Seb., 
 in DC, Frodr., ii. 215. — Endl., Gen., n. 6515.— 
 Lotea Webb, Fhyt. Comot., ii. 80. — Anisolotus 
 Beenh., Ind. Sem. Mart. ErfuHTi. (1837). — 
 Pedrosia Lowe, in Sook. Jown., viii. 292. — 
 
 SemecTcenia Webb, in Hxs. Canar. Bowrg., ex 
 B. H., loc. cit. 
 
 ^ Well marked in the section Lotea, but the 
 calyx-lobes or teeth tend to become distinct and 
 more nearly equal in the remaining sections of 
 the genus, viz., Kroheria (See.), Pedrosia, and 
 Anisolotus. 
 
208 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Anthyllis Vulmeraria 
 (Kidney Vetch, Lady's-fingers). 
 
 termiual or lateral obtuse or swollen stigmatiferous surface.' The 
 fruit (fig. 168) is an oblong or often linear bivalve^ pod, straight or 
 curved, cylindrical or with four longitudinal wings, turgid or 
 piano-compressed, and usually divided by incomplete transverse 
 false septa into chambers, each of which contains a lenticular 
 or subglobular campylotropous seed without any ariUar dilatation. 
 
 The plants of this genus are herbaceous 
 or sufirutescent, glabrous or covered 
 with silky or bristly down. The leaf- 
 lets of the alternate trifoliolate leaves 
 articulate with the apex of the petiole, 
 and the stipules resemble the leaflets 
 in form. The flowers form often few- 
 or one-flowered false umbels terminat- 
 ing an axillary peduncle, and are fre- 
 quently accompanied by a trifoliolate 
 bract. Some fifty species are known from 
 all temperate and mountainous regions.^ 
 
 In the series Lote<s come first of all 
 
 three other genera in which as in Lottis 
 
 the pod is bivalve — Cytisopsis, Dorycnium, 
 
 and Hosackia. The genus Anthyllis 
 
 (figs. 169, 170) may be considered the 
 
 type of a second subseries including 
 
 four genera in which the fruit does not open at all, or else opens 
 
 but slightly at a very advanced period. These genera are Anthyllis, 
 
 Securigena, Helminthocarpum, and Hymenocarpus. 
 
 Fis. 369. 
 Flower (i). 
 
 Fig. 170. 
 
 Longitudinal 
 
 section of flower. 
 
 ' In Eulotus See., the style often has a little 
 introrse lobe or accessory tooth. This is also the 
 ease in Fedrosia. The appendage becomes mem- 
 branous in certain species of Tetragonololus. 
 
 2 The form of the fruit is the chief character 
 by which this genus has been subdivided into 
 sections. Bentham admits the five following : — 
 
 1. KroTceria. — Pod coriaceous, turgid bowed; 
 inferior suture strongly marked. 
 
 2. Lotea. — Pod thin, linear bowed, compressed 
 or torulose. 
 
 3. Microlotus. — Pod oblong or linear, usually 
 straight (the calyx differs from that of Lotea). 
 
 4. Balotus. — Pod of Lotea or Microlotus; 
 calyx bilabiate or with five subequal lobes. 
 
 5. Tetragonolohns. — Each valve of pod with 
 five longitudinal wings ; seeds separated by false 
 septa. Style of lEulotus. 
 
 ' Desi'., M.Atlmt, t. 210 ( Tetragonololus). — 
 Vent., Jard. Malm., t. 92; Jard. Cels., t. 57. — 
 Cat., Icon., ii. 156, 157, 163. — Sieth., Fl. 
 GrtBC, t. 755-758.— J ACQ., Fl. Austr., t. 361 
 {Tetragonololms). — Deless., Icon. Sel., iii. t. 
 66. — Beot., Phyt. iMsit., t. 53. — Toee. & Gb., 
 Fl. W. Amer., i. 325. — Webe, Fhyt. Ccmar., ii. 
 80, t. 60-65. — Cambess., Enum. El. Balear., t. 
 15. — Jatjb. & Spach, III. PI. Orient., t. 96 
 (Ononis). — Hook. & Aen., Seech. Voy. Pot., i. 
 8. — A. Geay, in Proceed. Acad. Philad. (1863), 
 351. — Hook., Icon., t. 754, 757. — Fenzl, in 
 
LEOUMINOS^-PAPILIONACBM. 
 
 209 
 
 Y. CLOVEE SEEIES. 
 
 The Clovers' (Fr., Trefles ; figs. 171-173) have irregular herma- 
 phrodite flowers. The receptacle varies in form, but is generally 
 
 Trifoliwm pratense {Purple Clover). 
 
 Pig. 172. 
 Mower (|^). 
 
 Pig. 171. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 Pig. 173. 
 Long, section of flower. 
 
 very slightly dilated and very shallow at the apex, which is lined by 
 a thin layer of glandular tissue. The gamosepalous calyx divides 
 
 Tchihatch. As. Mva., Bot., 1. 1. — Haet. & Sond. 
 M. Cap., ii. 157.— Bakee, in Olw. Fl. Trap. 
 Afr., ii. 61.— Gebn. & GoM., ^.de JV.,i.429.— 
 Ebnth., M. Austral., ii. 188. — Sot. Reg., t. 
 1488.— -Bo*. Mag., t. 79, 1233.— Walp., Mep., 
 i. 647; ii. 853 j Ann., i. 227; ii. 335; iv. 
 476. 
 
 ' Trifoliwm T., Inst., 404, t. 228. — L., Gen., 
 a. 896.— ADAjfS., I'am. des PI., ii. 322. — J., 
 Oen., 355. — Gmwvts., Fruct.,i\.t. 153. — Lamk., 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Diet., viii. 1 ; Suppl., v. 329 ; III., t. 613.— See., 
 in DC, Prodr., ii. 189. — SpACH, Suit, a Buffon, 
 i. 223.— Endi., Gen., n. 6511.— B. H., Gen. 
 487, n. 74. — Pentaphjllon Pees., Sj/nops., ii. 
 
 352 Paramesus Peesl, Syml., i. 45. — Ama- 
 
 reams Peesl. — Amoria Peesi. — iMpi/naster 
 Peesi.. — Micramtheum Peesl, loc. cit., 46, 47. — 
 MyrtilMs Peesi. — Galeana Peesi (nee Zoli.). 
 — Calycomorpha PeeSI, op. cit., 48-50. — Loxo- 
 spermwm Hochst., in Flora (1846), 594. 
 
210 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 above into five subequal or unequal lobes (tbe anterior being the 
 longest), valvate or subimbricate in the bud. The unequal petals 
 form an irregular papilionaceous corolla. All or most of them cohere 
 by their claws for a variable extent into a tube completed by its 
 being adnate to the staminal sheath. The standard is elongated 
 and longer than the wings, which again are longer than the keel. 
 The stamens arc diadelphous, nine being united to one another and 
 to the corolla, while the tenth is free, or only sticks for some way to 
 both edges of the cleft of the tube formed by the nine others. 
 The ovary is sessile or stipitate, usually almost superior owing to 
 the form of the receptacle. It tapers above into an incurved or in- 
 flexed, slender or more or less swoUen style, with a terminal capitate 
 or oblique dorsal stigma. Within we find one or more descending 
 campylotropous ovules whose micropyles look upwards and out- 
 wards.' The fruit is an oblong pod,^ cylindrical, or more rarely 
 obovate-compressed, surrounded by the marcescent calyx or corolla, 
 and usually membranous, with one or few seeds. The campylo- 
 tropous seeds have a bowed exalbuminous embryo with an inflexed 
 radicle. This genus consists of herbs with compound digitate leaves, 
 usually trifoliolate, but rarely with more leaflets ; the leaflets, again, 
 may be exceptionally pinnate. The two lateral stipules are adnate 
 to the petiole. The flowers form a sort of capitula or shortly pedi- 
 cellate false umbels ; these inflorescences are sometimes unilateral,^ or 
 the flowers are more rarely solitary. The inflorescences are axillary 
 leaf-opposed. The flowers are axillary to membranous bracts, 
 persistent or caducous or narrow and ill-developed, and even 
 sometimes quite rudimentary. There are probably not more than 
 a hundred and fifty species of this genus, plants from all temperate 
 climates." 
 
 Next in order in the series Trifoliea comes the genus Medick 
 
 ' They have two coats. MoBis, Fl. Sard., t. 60-64. — Hook. & Abn., 
 
 ' tJsually indehiscent. Seech. Toy. Boi., t. 78, 79. — Jatie. & Spach, 
 
 2 See Tsioui, in Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr., i. 125. III. Plant. Orient., t. 139, 140. — MoRlc, PI. 
 
 * Jaoq., Fl. Austr., t. 40, 385, 386, 433; Wom.Amer.,t.2.—Gs.i:y.&,GoT>Ji.,Fl.deFr., 
 
 Sort. Vindoh., t. 60.— H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et i. 403, 508.— Haev. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 158. 
 
 Spec, vi. t. 593. — K., Mimos., t. 53. — Sati, Bakbe, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 53. Bot. 
 
 Trifol. (1810).— Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., t. 48- Reg., t. 1070, 1883.— 5o«. Mag., t. 328, 557,' 
 
 50; Jco»., t. 281, 286 (275).— Pbesl., Symbol., 879, 1168, 2779, 2790, 3471, 3702.— Waxp., 
 
 t. 30-34.— Lbdeb., Icon. Fl. Moss., t. 96.— Rep., i. 639 ; ii. 850 ; v. 512 ; Ann., i. 226 j ii. 
 
 Vis., Fl. DaVmat., t. 44., 45.— Desp., Fl. Atlant., 348 ; iv. 474. 
 
 t. 208, 209 Beot., Ph/t. Lusit., t. 61-64— 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAFILIONAGEJE. 
 
 211 
 
 {Medicaffo; Fr., Luzerne), whose flowers (figs. 174-179) resemble 
 those of the Clovers; but it differs in that its fruit is elongated 
 and sickle-shaped, or more or less spirally twisted (figs. 176-179), 
 
 Medicago sativa (^Lucerne). 
 
 Fia. 174. 
 Flower (|). 
 
 Pig. 175. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 The edges of the spiral may be smooth and unarmed (figs. 176, 177), 
 or spiny (figs. 178, 179), and the turns, at first pretty close together 
 
 Medicago orbicularis (^Snails). 
 
 Medicago ciUaris. 
 
 Fia. 176. 
 Side-view of Fruit. 
 
 Pig. 177. 
 Front-view of fruit. 
 
 Pig. 178. 
 Pruit. 
 
 Fig. 179. 
 Fruit unrolled. 
 
 (figs. 176-178), may later become separated (fig. 179) under various 
 influences. 
 
 Melilot (fig. 180) comes very near Medick, and has the same pin- 
 nately trifoliolate leaves; but the fruit is short and subglobular, 
 straight or scarcely curved ; it contains few seeds and opens later, 
 if at all, into two valves. In this series are three other genera. 
 
 p 2 
 
212 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Melilottis .officinalis {^Common MeUloi). 
 
 Trigonel (Fr., Trigonelle) has, like Medick and Clover, an obtuse keel 
 
 and pinnate-trifoliolate leaflets ; 
 but the fruit is very variable in 
 form, being straight bowed or 
 sickle-shaped, sometimes thick 
 and beaked, sometimes narrow 
 or linear, or broad and flat- 
 tened. It opens into two valves 
 in certain species, into one in 
 others; and may sometimes be 
 quite indehisceut. Parochetus has 
 an acute keel and a bivalve pod. 
 Finally, Eest-harrow (^Ononis; 
 Fr., Bugrane) has numerous points 
 of aflinity with Genistea, in which 
 series the genus has been placed 
 by several authors. But in the 
 form of the staminal filament, 
 and in the leaves and inflores- 
 cence, it comes near Trifolieee. 
 The stamens are monadelphous 
 and the pod opens into two 
 
 Fi&. 180. , 
 
 Floriferous branch (i). ValVCS. 
 
 TI. SAINFOIN. 
 
 Hedysarum^ (Fr., Sainfoin'), has irregular resupinate hermaphro- 
 dite flowers.' On the edges of the little cup-shaped receptacle, lined 
 with glandular tissue, are inserted the perianth and androceum, while 
 the gynseceum springs from the bottom. The gamosepalous calyx 
 divides above into five subequal lobes or teeth, valvate or slightly 
 
 1 T., Inst., 401, t. 225 (part.).— L., Gen., n., 
 887 (part.).— J., Gen., 362. — GjEetw., Fruct., ii. 
 t. 155. — IiAMK., Diet., vi. 395 ; Suppl., v. 14 ; 
 III., t. 628. — Jaume, in Desvx. Journ. Sot., i. 
 61 (part.).— DC, Mem. Ligum., 342; Prodr., 
 ii. 340. — Spach, Suit, a Buffon, i. 286. — Ehbi., 
 Oen.,n. 6618. — Basinee, Emum. Mon. Sedj/sar., 
 in Act. Petrop. (1846).— B. H., Gen., 510, n. 
 
 144. — JScMnolohium Desvx., Jbtim. Sot., i. 123, 
 t. 5. 
 
 * [The English word Sainfoin is restricted to 
 the English plant Onohrychis sativa (Fr., Us- 
 parcette- Sainfoin) .] 
 
 ^ White, pink, purple, or violet; rarely 
 yellowish. 
 
LEOUMINOS^-PAPILIONACEJE. 
 
 213 
 
 coronanimi: 
 
 imbricate in the bud. The petals form a papilionaceous corolla ; 
 the obovate or obcordate standard, reflexed on anthesis, tapers at 
 the base, though seldom forming a distinct claw. The wings 
 shorter than the standard, and sometimes very short, are obliquely- 
 elongated, each supported on a short narrow claw, 
 above which the base of the limb is produced into an 
 auricle. The petals of the keel have also short claws, 
 and are usually longer than the wings; the keel, 
 obtuse at the apex, is curved or abruptly bent, and as 
 it were obliquely truncate along its inferior edge. The 
 androceum consists of ten diadelphous stamens, the 
 filaments of the nine anterior being united below, form- 
 ing a cleft tube open behind ; the anthers are introrse, 
 aU uniform. The sessile or shortly stipitate ovary 
 contains a variable number of descending campy loptro- 
 pous ovules, whose micropyles look upwards and 
 outwards, is surmounted by a slender hollow style, 
 abruptly inflexed, and ends in a little undilated stigma. 
 The fruit (fig. 181) is a piano-compressed elongated 
 pod, containing several seeds, and lomentaceous — i.e., 
 dividing transversely at maturity into as many indehiscent joints 
 as there are seeds. Each joint represents a sort of achene. It 
 is smooth or muricated, and contains a reniform exarillate exal- 
 buminous seed, with an inflexed radicle. Iledysarum consists of 
 perennial herbs, undershrubs, or more rarely shrubs. Some fifty 
 species' are known from the temperate regions of Europe, North 
 Africa, Asia, and NoAh America. The leaves are imparipinnate, 
 with scarious stipules, but no stipels. The flowers form axillary 
 racemes, and are themselves axillary each to a scarious or setaceous 
 bract, and accompanied by two lateral bractlets placed some way 
 up the pedicel, usually close against the flower. 
 
 Next to Hedysarum come on the one hand Taverniera, Stracheya, 
 Moersmannia, ALhagi, and Corethrodendron, which have the same flower 
 and several-jointed seed, but differ in the form of the fruit and in habit; 
 
 Fi&. 181. 
 Fruit (i). 
 
 ' Jacq., Fl. Atistr., t. 168. — Lebeb., Icon., 
 M. Moss., t. 51, 52, 482.— Desp., Fl. Atlmt., 
 t. 200.— SiBlH., Fl. Grcec, t. 721.— ToEE. & 
 Gb., Fl. JV. Amer., i. 359. — Keiohb., Iconog. 
 Fl. Crit., t. 411.— MoEis, Fl. Sard., t. 68.— 
 Boiss., Vo}/. Sot., t. 56. — Bob. & Met., Fnum. 
 
 Fl. Sais. Nor., t. 8. — Penzi., in Tcldhatch. As- 
 Min. Bot., t. 4, 5. — Geen. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., 
 i. 503-509.-^0*. Reg., t. 808.— So«. Mag., t. 
 282, 1251, 2213.— Waip., Rep., i. 744; ii. 892; 
 V. 527; Ann., ii. 415 ; iv. 544. 
 
214 
 
 NATURAL EISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Onobrychis sativa (Saixfoin), 
 
 and on the other hand the true Sainfoins {Onobrychis; Fr., Esparcette), 
 with the flower and vegetative brgans (fig. 1 82) of Hedysarum, but 
 
 whose fruit (fig. 183) is reduced 
 to a single one-seeded joint, very 
 variably winged or muricated. 
 Ebenus has also an indehiscent 
 fruit reduced to a single joint. All 
 these genera constitute the sub- 
 series Euhedysareae. 
 
 To these jSlschynomeneee comes 
 very near ; the flowers are here in 
 racemes (often few-flowered), cymes 
 or fascicles always axillary to the 
 leaves. These last are pinnate, 
 with usually numerous leaflets, 
 or rarely only from one to three. 
 In these flowers the wings are 
 often folded across, and the keel is 
 incurved, obtuse or beaked. The 
 stamens are either monadelphous, 
 or equally diadelphous (five on 
 either side of the flower). Un- 
 equal diadelphy (9-1) is very rare. 
 The style is slender filiform, usually 
 incurved. In this subseries are 
 placed the following genera: ^*c^^- 
 nomene, Herminiera, Scemmeringia, Geissaspis, Smithia, Discolobium, 
 Ormocarpum, Isodesmia, Brya, Pictetia, Amicia, 
 Poiretia, Chcetocalyx, Nissolia, and (?) Ctenodon. 
 
 The single genus Adesmia constitutes the little 
 group AdesmiecB, or Hedysarees with free stamens. 
 
 Bremontiera forms another little group. Here 
 the fruit finally separates into one-seeded joints 
 as in most Hedysarece, but the genus has the flowers 
 of Indigoferece ; the leaves are simple. 
 
 Coronillem are herbaceous, or rarely frutescent, 
 Hedysarece with pinnate, or rarely simple leaves 
 and axillary peduncles, supporting each a single flower, or a little 
 umbel. The stamens are diadelphous, and flve have the upper parts 
 
 Via. 182. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 Onobrychis crista-galli. 
 
 Fia. 183. 
 Fruit (f ). 
 
LEGUMmOS^-PAPILIONACE^. 
 
 215 
 
 Arachis hypogaa (ped-rmf). 
 
 Fi&. 184. 
 Seed. 
 
 Fig. 185. 
 Longitudinal 
 section of seed. 
 
 of the filaments dilated. Here belong the five genera Coronilla, 
 Ornithopus, Hammatolobium, Scorpiurus, and Hippoerepis. 
 
 The subseries StylosanthecB comprises the three genera Stylosanthes, 
 Zornia, and Chapmannia, formed of 
 herbaceous or scarcely sufirutescent 
 plants, with exstipellate paucifoliolate 
 leaves and spicate or capitate, rarely 
 racemose, flowers. The stamens are 
 monadelphous, forming an unslit tube, 
 and five of them are shorter than the 
 rest, which have versatile anthers. 
 
 The Earthnuts {Arachis; Fr., Ara- 
 cJiide), have the general characters 
 of StylosanthecB ; but may be placed in 
 
 a separate category because their indehiscent fruits ripen under- 
 ground, and though contracted between the seeds, never separate 
 into joints. The radicle is straight (figs. 184', 185).' 
 
 Desmodiece forms the last group of this series, remarkable for its 
 trifoliolate leaves, whose lateral 
 leaflets (fig. 186) may be much 
 reduced or even altogether ab- 
 sent. Here belong the genera 
 Desmodium, Pseudarthria, Pycno- 
 spora, TJraria, Lourea, Mecopus, 
 Alysicarpus, Phylacium, Hallia, 
 Meiotis, Leptodesmia, Cranocar- 
 pus, Lespedeza, and Ouyeinia. In 
 the last few of these genera 
 the ovary usually contains only 
 one ovule ; so that the fruit is 
 short, one-seeded and indehis- 
 cent as in Onobrychis ; the 
 genus Ouyeinia, by its leaves and 
 the form of its floral receptacle connects this series with Phaseolem. 
 At the same time its fruit is articulated, composed of one or more 
 flattened woody joints, each resembling the entire fruit of the 
 Dalbergie<s. 
 
 ' After this genus comes ArihrocUantius H. edition, but which will be found in its place at 
 Bn., given only in the Addenda in the French n. 153a in the following Genera. 
 
 Fia. 186. 
 Leafy branch (5) 
 
216 
 
 NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Dalhergia melanoxylon. 
 
 VII. DALBEEGIA SEEIES. 
 
 Ddlbergid^ (fig. 187) has irregular resupinate flowers, whose cup- 
 shaped receptacle is lined by a glandular disk. The gamosepalous 
 calyx divides above into five unequal teeth, imbricated in the bud. 
 The two superior are the largest, and the inferior, often longer than 
 the two lateral ones, is also narrower and more acute. There are 
 nine or ten stamens, monadelphous or diadelphous ; for the vexiQary 
 stamen may be quite free, united to the rest in a sheath split open 
 above, or even altogether absent. The anthers 
 are short erect and didymous, with their two 
 cells often placed back to back; they dehisce 
 by longitudinal clefts extending aU the way 
 down, or only to a variable distance from the 
 apex. The one-celled ovary, inserted by a short 
 foot in the bottom of the receptacle, ends in an 
 incurved style, with an obtuse truncate or 
 slightly dilated stigmatiferous apex. Its cavity 
 contains one or few descending incompletely ana- 
 tropous ovules,^ whose raicropyles look upwards 
 and outwards. The fruit is dry, flattened, and 
 samaroid, obliquely linear or seldom bowed, with 
 a thin reticulate pericarp, one or few-seeded, 
 thinned off at the edges, and somewhat swollen and thickened over the 
 seeds. These are reniform compressed ; the radicle is inflexed and 
 accumbent. Dalhergia contains some three-score species^ of climbing 
 trees or shrubs, from all the tropical countries of Asia, Africa, 
 America, and Oceania. The leaves are alternate imparipinnate ; 
 with alternate leaflets (sometimes reduced to one). There are no 
 stipels, but only two lateral ill-developed stipules, often caducous 
 
 Fig. 187. 
 
 Longitudinal 
 
 section of flower (f ). 
 
 • L. PII;., Swppl., 52 (nee Ttjss.). — .T., Gen., 
 362.— Lame., Diet., ii. 254; Suppl., ii. 445; 
 III, t. 601.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 416 (part.).— 
 Spaoh, Suit, a Buffon, i. 359. — Ehdl., Qen., n. 
 5717. — Bbnth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 102. — 
 B. H., Qen., 544, n. 236. — Solori Abans., Fam. 
 des JPl., ii. 327. — Amerimrmm P. Bb., Jam., 288, 
 t. 32, fig. 3. — Adans., loc. cit., 320.— DC, 
 Prodr., ii. 421. — Enbi., Qen., n. 6701. — Trip- 
 tolemeea Mabt., ex Bbhth., loc. cit., 102. — 
 EuDii., Gen., n. 6718. — Semeionotis Schott, in 
 Wien. ZeitscU. (1830), 1206.— Miscolohitm 
 VoG., in lAmiaa, xi. 200, — Bekts., loc, cit.. 
 
 101. — Ekdl., Gen., n. 6719. — Endospermwm 
 Bi., in Flora (1825), 132 (nee Benth.). — 
 DC, Frod/r., ii. 415. — Podiopetalum HocHST., 
 in Flora (1841), 657. 
 
 2 RozB., PI. Coromand., t. 114, 191 
 
 Wight, Icon., t. 242, 243, 261, 262, 266, 1156.— 
 
 GuiLL. & Peee., Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 227, t. 53. 
 
 Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 232. — Benth., 
 in Jowrn. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 28 ; in Mart 
 Fl. Pros., Papil., t. 58-62 ; Fl. Austral., ii. 
 270.— Thw., Bnvm. PI. Zeyl.. 93 (part.).— 
 Walp., Rep., i. 799; ii. 903 j v. 545; Ann..,i. 
 255; ii. 438; iv. 575. 
 
LEG UMINOSJE-PAPILIONAGE^. 
 
 217 
 
 Fi&. 188. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Fia. 189. 
 Fruit opened. 
 
 or absent. The flowers are small and numerous,' in terminal or 
 axillary racemes ; these are ramified, consisting of a large number 
 of regularly or irregularly 
 
 branching cymes,' and CO- Fterocarp^ Draco. 
 
 vered with sometimes large 
 bracts, and small bractlets, 
 either caducous or fairly 
 persistent. 
 
 AU the plants which in 
 common with Dalbergia 
 have alternate leaves and 
 a dry fruit, with the seeds 
 attached by the middle of 
 the inner edge, so that they 
 are neither ascending nor descending, have been united, into a 
 separate subseries, which has been named Pterocarpea from the 
 included genus Pterocarpus (figs. 188-189), whose fruit is one- 
 seeded, suborbicular , or oblong, with the edge thinning ofi" into a 
 sort of membranous wing. The ten genera of this subseries, 
 distinguished from one another by the form of their anthers and 
 fruit, are Dalbergia, Ecastaphyllum, MachcBvium, Cyclolohium, Dre- 
 panocarpus, Platypodium, Tipuana, Centrolobium, Pterocarpus, and 
 PoecilantJie. 
 
 The six genera Andira, Geoffroea, Coumarouna (fig. 190), Pterodon, 
 Buchresta, and Pissicalyx, form the small subseries Andirece or 
 Geoffrceete in which both the wings and the pieces of the keel are 
 free, or rarely united. The ovules are few or solitary ; and the fruit, 
 always one-seeded, is usually an indehiscent drupe, or has a thin, 
 turgid indehiscent pericarp. 
 
 The single genus Bocoa forms a group apart, possessing the fruit 
 of Dalbergia and the allied genera, with a dehiscent pericarp, a sub- 
 regular corolla, an irregularly dentate, elongated gamosepalous 
 calyx, and alternate leaves. 
 
 In Lonchocarpets, the leaves are compound with the leaflets almost 
 constantly opposite. The fruit is not drupaceous but dry and 
 
 ' They are white or more frequently purple 
 or violet. 
 
 ^ Beniham (loe. cit.) divides this genus by 
 means of the inflorescence, androceum, and fruit, 
 
 into four sections, whose differentiating charac- 
 ters are far from being absolute: 1. TriptolenuBa; 
 2. Swsoa (Benth.) ; 3. Dalbergwria (fi^:sis.); 
 4. Seleuolobium (Behth.). 
 
218 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 indehiscent. The seeds are usually transverse, or attached by a 
 lateral hilum, not pendulous inside the pericarp. This subseries 
 
 Coumarouna odorata {Tonquia-BeaM). 
 
 Fm. 190. 
 Flower and fruit-bearing branch Q). 
 
 comprises Loncliocarpm, Xanthoceris H. Bn.,' Piscidia, Coublandia, 
 Platymiscium, Ostryocarpus, Hymenoloiium, Pongamia, and Deguelia. 
 This last genus at once approaches Milletia, Gliricidia, and the 
 Genistecs. 
 
 YIII. BEOOM SERIES. 
 
 The Brooms' (Fr., Genets — fig. 191) have hermaphrodite flowers, 
 with a concave receptacle lined with glandular tissue, on whose 
 
 ' Given only in the Addenda in the French 
 edition, but will be found in ita place at n. 185a, 
 in the following Genera.^ 
 
 2 Genista T., Inst., 643 (part.), t. 412.— L., 
 Gen., n. 859 (part.). — J., Gen., 353. — Lamk., 
 Diet., ii. 616, t. 619.— DC, Mem. Legitm., 204, 
 t. 36; Frodr., ii. 154. — Spach, Suit, a Suffbn, 
 i. 200. — Endi., Gen., n. 6500. — B. H., Gen., 
 482, 1002, n. 62. — Oorniola Pkesi., Sot. Bern., 
 136. — Corothammts Peesl., op. cit,, 137. — Dri/- 
 
 mosparfum Presl., op. cit., 138. — Voglera Fl. 
 Wett. (ex Koch, Syn. M. Germ., 153). — Salz- 
 wedelia Fl. Wett. (ex Sohite., Fmim., 146). — 
 Asterocytisus Sohue., ioc. cii. — SporWamSp ach, 
 
 in Arm. So. Nat, s^r. 2, xix. 285, 1. 16 (nee L.) 
 
 Selama Boiss., Toy., 143. — Dendrospartum 
 Spaoh, in Avn. So. Nat., ser. 3, iii. 152. — Gono- 
 eytisus SpACH, loo. cit., 153. — Syspone Geiseb., 
 Spio. Fl. Sumel, i. 5. — BcBlia Webb, Otia 
 Hisp., 20, 1. 15, 16. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACEJS. 
 
 219 
 
 edges is inserted the calyx. This is gamosepalous, with five divisions 
 of unequal size and depth. The three anterior are of nearly equal 
 length, approximated to form a 
 
 sort of lip, which is slightly Genista Unctoria (D,er's Greemoeed). 
 
 notched at the apex in the very 
 young bud. The two superior 
 or posterior are separated behind 
 by a cleft, so deep, that in cer- 
 tain species it extends to close 
 upon the edge of the receptacle- 
 The irregular papilionaceous 
 corolla has an oval standard, ob- 
 long wings, and a straight or 
 incurved oblong keel, whose 
 pieces are united for a variable 
 distance along the lower edge. 
 The angles of these petals are 
 often adnate for a short distance 
 to the staminal filaments. They 
 are monadelphous, united for a 
 good distance into a closed tube 
 and only free near the apex. 
 The introrse two-celled anthers 
 dehisce longitudinally. The five 
 superposed to the petals are the 
 shorter and versatile, while the 
 alternating five are more elon- 
 gated and basifixed. The sessile 
 ovary is surmounted by an incurved style, infiexed or circinate 
 above, and ending in a globular, or more rarely oblique oblong, 
 stigmatiferous head. The ovules, two or three, or more frequently 
 indefinite in number, form two vertical rows on the posterior wall 
 of the ovary and are campylotropous and descending, with the 
 micropyle looking upwards and outwards. The fruit is an oblong 
 linear or subglobular, indehiscent or bivalve pod; the valves 
 are convex or turgid, rarely almost flat, and enclose a variable 
 number of exarillate seeds. The genus Broom or Genista comprises 
 shrubs or undershrubs from the temperate regions of Europe, 
 western Asia, and north Africa; some seventy species are 
 
 Fio. 191. 
 Habit (i). 
 
220 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 BossicBa scolopendra. 
 
 known.' The leaves are simple, trifoliolate, or more frequently uni- 
 foliolate ; their stipules are ill-developed, or even altogether absent. 
 The flowers are white or yellow, forming simple or compound racemes 
 or spikes, sometimes short and capituliform ; they are accompanied 
 by bracts and bractlets, leafy and persistent or small and caducous. 
 
 This genus gives its name to the group Hugenistece (or Spartieee), 
 in which the seeds are exariUate, and the stamens united into a tube. 
 
 It contains the nine genera, Genista, Spar- 
 tium. Laburnum, Calycotome, Adenocarpus, Pet- 
 teria, Erinacea, Argyrolohium, and Lupinus. 
 
 The Furze or Grorse (TJlex, Fr., Ajonc) is 
 the type of the subseries JJlicineee, which 
 also includes the genera Cytisus and Hypoca- 
 lyptus. These have the androceum of the 
 Eugenistece, the filaments being united into 
 a cylindrical tube; but their seeds are 
 exariUate. 
 
 The subseries Crotalariece, contains all 
 the Genistece which have no aril, and in 
 which the tube formed by the filaments of 
 the monadelphous stamens is short down 
 the back. It contains eighteen genera, 
 viz., Crotalaria, Priotropis, Pentadynamis, 
 Heylandia, DicJdlus, Melolobium, Anarthro- 
 phyllum, Buchenrcedera, Vihoryia, AspalatJms, 
 Lehechia, PotJiia, Lotononis, Listia, Pleiospora, 
 Borbonia, Bafnia, and Euchlora. 
 
 In the little group Lipariece, the leaves 
 are simple, the stamens diadelphous (9-1), rarely monadelphous, 
 and the seeds arillate ; it comprises the six African genera Liparia, 
 Priestleya, Amphithalea, Coelidium, Lathriogyne, and Walpersia. 
 
 Bossicsece consists of Australian plants, in habit approaching many 
 of thePo&/yn>«, and almost always possessing simple leaves, monadel- 
 
 Fi&. 192. 
 Flower-bearing branch. 
 
 • Spec, ad 70. Jacq., Sort. Vindoh., t. 190 ; 
 M. Awtr., t. 208, 209; lo. Sew., t. 557.— 
 Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 87. — Desp., M. Atlant., 
 t. 178, 180, 182, 183.— Smth., M. Grcec, t. 
 672, 674.— MoBis, M. Sard., t. 28-32.— Webb. 
 in Ann. 8c. Nat., s4i. 2, xx. 276 ; FfM/t. Oanar., 
 t. 48. — Bbot., Fhi/t. Lusit., t. 54, 55.— Spaoh, 
 
 in Fl. Alger., t. 84^7.— Jatjb. & Spach, HI. 
 Plant. Orient., t. 142-152. — Reiohe., PI. Grit., 
 t. 388.— Gben. & GODE., Fl. de Fr., i. 349, 
 5Ci1.—Pot. Reg., t. 368, 1150.— £o<. Ma^., t. 
 683, 1918, 2260, 2674.— Walp., Hep., v. 461; 
 Awn., i. 218 ; ii. 340; iv. 469. 
 
LEGUMIN08JS-PAPILI0NACE2E. 
 
 221 
 
 plious stamens whose tube is split above, and arillate seeds. It con- 
 tains the genera Bossicea (fig. 192), Platylobium, Templetonia, Hovea, 
 and Goodia. 
 
 Pl&. 193. 
 Flower (|). 
 
 \X. PODALTEIA SEEIES. 
 
 Podalyrid (193, 194) has resupinate irregular hermaphrodite 
 flowers. The cup-shaped receptacle lined by a glandular disk is 
 elongated from before backwards.' From its FodaVyHa Bwcieiiu. 
 bottom springs the gynseceum, while the re- 
 maining organs of the flower are inserted round 
 its margin. The gamosepalous calyx forms a 
 thick sac dividing above into five teeth, equal 
 or slightly unequal, or lobes usually valvate in 
 the bud. The petals, which possess slender claws, 
 form a papilionaceous corolla of vexillary aestiva- 
 tion. The Hmb of the standard is broad, siib- 
 orbicular, often emarginate ; the wings rather 
 shorter, are irregularly and obliquely obovate; 
 the keel is still shorter, incurved and obovate, obtuse at the apex. 
 The gynseceum consists of a nearly central sessile Podah/na Bwrcieiiu. 
 or subsessile ovary, surmounted by a style whose 
 apex is dilated into a little stigmatiferous head, 
 forming two vertical rows. Within the ovary 
 are an indefinite number of obliquely descending 
 subanatropous ovules whose micropyles look up- 
 wards and outwards. The fruit is a subglobular 
 ovoidal or oblong turgid coriaceous bivalved pod, 
 containing a variable number of incompletely 
 campylotropous seeds, often ascending, with their 
 micropyles downwards and outwards. The funicle 
 dilates at the hilum into a little fleshy aril. 
 This genus consists of some fifteen species of 
 shrubs from South Africa.^ Nearly aU their organs 
 are covered with down. The leaves are alternate simple petiolate. 
 
 Pia. 194. 
 
 Flower, perianth 
 
 remove^ (A). 
 
 yria Lamk., Diot., v. 440 (part.)j 
 Suppl., iv. 442 ; III., t. 327, figs. 3, 4.— DC, 
 Prod/r., ii. 101. — Spaoh, Smt. a Bvffon, i. 167. — 
 Ekdl., G-en., n. 6423. — Bbnth., in Aim. Wien. 
 Mm., ii. 67. — B. H., Qen., 467, ji. 7. — Aphora 
 Nbck., Mlem., n. 1370 (nee Ntttt.). 
 
 ^ In many species the " calyx " (i.e., the recep- 
 tacle) well deserves its character of "iasi 
 
 ^ Thitnb., Prod/r. M. Ccep., 79 ; Fl. Cap., 568 
 (HypocahjplMs). — Saiisb., Pa/r. Land., t. 7. — 
 W., Spec, 505.— Veht., Jard. Cels., t. 99.— B. 
 
222 
 
 NATUBAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 accompanied by two subulate lateral stipules, often caducous. The 
 flowers are pedunculate in the axils of the leaves, usually solitary 
 or geminate ; rarely more numerous. 
 
 This series contains twenty-six genera. Two are South African 
 
 and only contain shrubs, viz., Podalyria and Cyclopia. Five are 
 
 natives of the northern hemisphere and possess herbaceous leaves, 
 
 viz., Baptisia, Thermopsis, Anagyris, Piptanthus, and PicJcerinyia. 
 
 The other nineteen, genera are Australian, often comprising 
 
 little shrubs, with coriaceous persistent 
 leaves. They are as follows : Brachysema, 
 Jansonia, Oxylohium, Chorizema, Isotropis, 
 Gompholohium, Mirbelia, Burtonia, Jack- 
 sonia, Sphcsrolobium, Viminaria, Daviesia, 
 Aotus, Phyllota, Gastrolobium, Pultenaa, 
 Eutaacia, Dillwynia, and Latrobea. 
 
 Sophora (Sii/phnoloiimn) japonica. 
 
 X. SOPHOEA SEEIES. 
 
 Sophora} (figs. 195, 196) has irregular re- 
 supinate hermaphrodite flowers. The con- 
 cave receptacle is lined by a glandular disk, 
 on whose rim is inserted a calyx divided 
 into five equal or slightly unequal teeth, 
 imbricated in the bud. The petals, alter- 
 nate with these, have a similar perigynous 
 insertion, and a vexillary aestivation. 
 The standard is obovate or orbicular, erect 
 or spreading, shorter or longer in the keel. 
 The wings are oblique and elongated. The 
 keel is oblong, nearly straight ; its two pe- 
 tals are united edge to edge, or else one 
 Partial longitudinal overlaps the othcr below. Of the ten free or 
 
 section of fruit (t). i /. , p , , 
 
 nearly tree stamens five are superposed to 
 the calyx lobes ; their anthers are versatile introrse two-celled, de- 
 
 FiG. 195 
 Fruit. 
 
 Pia. 196. 
 
 Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 6.— Habt. 
 & SOND., M. Cap., ii. 9.— Sot. Beg., t. 869.— 
 £ot. Mag., t. 753, 1580. 
 
 ' L., Gen., n. 508.— J., Gen., 352.— GiEETN., 
 Fract, ii. 320, 1. 149.— Lamk., Diet, vii. 228, 
 
 Suppl., V. 163.— DC, Prodr., ii. 95. — Spach, 
 Suit, a Suffon, i. 160. — Endl., Gen., n. 6738.—^ 
 B. H., Gen., 555, 1002, n. 2'73.—Patrinia 
 Raein., in Jomrn. Phys., Ixxxix. 97 (ex Endl.). — 
 Eadiusia RsiCHB., Cotisp., 148. 
 
LBGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 
 
 223 
 
 hiscing longitudinally. Tte gynseceum, inserted in the bottom of 
 the receptacle, consists of a shortly stipitate ovary surmounted by an 
 incurved style, truncate or slightly dilated at ite stigmatiferous 
 apex. Along the vexillary edge of the ovary is a vertical placenta 
 whose two lips each support an indefinite number of descending 
 
 Toluifera Balsamum {Balsam of ToTm Flant). 
 
 Fio. 198. 
 Flower (4). 
 
 Fia. 197. 
 Habit (i). 
 
 Fi&. 199. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 campylotropous ovules with their micropyles looking upwards 
 and outwards. The fruit is a rounded or slightly compressed 
 coriaceous woody or even fleshy moniliform pod, sometimes opening 
 late into two valves. To each dilatation of the pericarp cor- 
 responds a descending exarillate campylotropous seed, containing 
 within its coats an exalbuminous embryo with thick fleshy 
 cotyledons and a superior radicle ; this last may be short and 
 nearly straight, or longer and inflexed. Sophora consists of trees, 
 shrubs, and perennial herbs inhabiting all warm cUmates. Some 
 
224 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 Tolmfera Balsamtim. 
 
 twenty- two species are known." Their leaves are alternate impari- 
 pinnate, with indefinite or few leaflets sometimes possessing setaceous 
 stipels. The stipules are very small and narrow, or absent. The 
 flowers form simple or ramified terminal racemes ; each flower, axil- 
 lary to a bract, is accompanied by two lateral bractlets, usually ill- 
 developed, inserted at the base of the pedicel or at a variable height 
 on it. 
 
 8. japonicd has been made by some authors the type of a genus 
 apart,^ because of the pulpy or fleshy substance of its pericarp. The 
 character may be held to distinguish a section of the genus Sophora. 
 8. secundijlora* has also been classed in a distinct genus' because its 
 pod is hard, woody and somewhat compressed. 
 JEdwardsia^ has also been usually made a distinct 
 genus, because the pod here often possesses four 
 longitudinal wings, and the standard is mostly, 
 though not constantly, erect and shorter than the 
 keel. The most recent authors only admit these 
 groups as sections of the genus Sopliora. 
 
 Next to Sophora come thirteen nearly allied 
 genera, with a similar perianth and an ovary gene- 
 rally containing more than three ovules, and some- 
 times even a large number. They are as follows : 
 Gourliea, Ammodendron, Ammothamnus, Virgilia, Cal- 
 purnia, Cladrastis, Castanospermum, Alewa, Ormosia, 
 Pericopsis, Bowdichia, Diplotropis, and Spirotropis. 
 
 In Monopteryx the leaves are also pinnate, but the 
 ovary is uniovulate, bringing the genus very near 
 Balbergieee. 
 The five genera: Baphia, LeucompJialus,Dalhousiea, 
 Bowringia, and Panurea, have unifoliolate leaves and indefinite 
 ovules. 
 
 Fi&. 200. 
 Fruit (I). 
 
 ' Pill., Astroff., t. 87, 88. — Ledeb., Icon. 
 M. Moss., t. 365. — Jacq., Sort. Schmnbr., t. 
 260 {Edwardsia), 363 {^StyphMololivm) ; Amer,, 
 118,t.l73.^ — ^Destx., Jb«™. Bot.,\. Y5. — Eoyie, 
 Simal., t. 32. — ^WiaHT, Icon., t. 979, 1054, 
 1155.— Jatje. & Space, III. Plant. Or., t. 330.— 
 Thw., Mmm. PI. Zeyl., 94. — Bbnth., Fl. 
 Austral., ii. 274; in Mart. Fl. Bras,, Papil., 
 313, t. 124. — Bakek, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., 
 ii. 253.— £o<. Meg., t. 738, 1185, 1798.— Soi. 
 Wag., t. 1442, 3390, 3735.— Waip., Sep., i. 
 806; ii. 903; Am,., i. 439; iv. 586. 
 
 ^ Mantiss., 66. — DC, Prodr., u. 1. — & smica 
 Eos., Jowm. Pliys., 14. 
 
 ^ Styplmolohium, SOHOTT., in Wien. Zeiisch. 
 (1830), 844. — Endl., Gen., n. 6743. 
 
 ^ Lag-., in DC, Cat. Sort. Monsp., 148.-— 
 Virgilia secundifiora Cat., Icon., 5, t. 401. 
 
 * Broussonnetia OsTEa., Dec, 61, t. 7 (nee 
 Vent.). — Dermatophylhim Soheele (A.), in 
 lAnnma, xxi. 458. 
 
 ^ Saxisb., in Trans. Lirm. Soc, ix. 298, t. 
 26, fig. 1.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 97.— Endl., Qen. 
 n. 6737. 
 
LEGUMINOSM-FAFILIONAGH^. 
 
 225 
 
 Ateleia and Belairia have pinnate leaves, but only one or two 
 ovules ; and the inferior sepals are distant from one another, or 
 altogether absent. 
 
 Sweetia, and the allied genera Myrocarpiis, Myrospermum, Toluifera 
 (figs. 197-200), and Ferreirea, have only one or few ovules and a 
 samaroid fruit. 
 
 Finally, Camoensia has indefinite ovules, but its trifoliolate leaves 
 bring it very near Podalyriea. 
 
 XI. TOUNATEA SEEIES. 
 
 The flowers of Tounatea> (figs. 201-204) are hermaphrodite or 
 rarely polygamous. The receptacle is of no great size, convex or 
 
 Tounaiea Panacocco. 
 
 
 JPiG. 201. 
 Flower (|). 
 
 Pia. 202. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 slightly concave ; it bears a valvate gamosepalous calyx bursting 
 irregularly at anthesis. The corolla is absent, or more frequently 
 represented by a large vexillary petal, involute and corrugated in 
 
 ' AtTBl., Guian., i. 549, t. 218 (1775).— J.. 
 Gen., 440. — H. Bn., in Adamonia, ix. 214. — 
 Possira AUBL., op. oif., ii. 934, t. 355 (1775). — 
 Bittera SoHBEB., Gen., 364 (1789-91). — 
 Swartzia Scheeb., op. cit„ 518 (nee Eheh., iiec 
 Hedw.).— W., Spec, ii. (1799), 1219.— DC, 
 Proch-., ii. 422. — Spach, Suit, a Suffon, i. 14S. — 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Endi., Gen., n. 6814.— B. H., Gen,, 561, n, 
 294,.S(BlzeUa'N-ECK., Ulem., n. 1383 (1791).— 
 Uiveria H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec., vii. (1825) 
 266, t. 659 bis. — Endl., Gen., n. 680l.—Gifnan~ 
 thiatrophe PoiT., ex DC, loo. cit., 424 (1825).— 
 TriscUdivm Tttl., in Arm. So. Nat., s&. 2, xx, 
 (1843), 141, t. 4. 
 
226 
 
 .NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 the bud, and sometimes accompanied by two very small lateral 
 petals. The androceum consists of an indefinite number (often 
 very large) of declinate hypogynous or nearly bypogynous stamens, 
 composed of free or shortly coheTent filaments, and introrse two- 
 celled anthers of longitudinal dehiscence. Sometimes the stamens 
 are all of nearly equal size, both in filament and anther ; sometimes 
 on the contrary, those next the standard are shorter than those on 
 the opposite side of the flower, while some of these last may 
 assume considerable dimensions, both anther and filament being at 
 once longer and thicker. The free superior gynaeceum consists of 
 one, or more rarely of two, carpels (figs. 203, 204). The ovary 
 
 Tomiatea mierostyUs. 
 
 
 Fia. 203. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 204. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 is stipitate, often bowed ; it contains an indefinite number of de- 
 scending ovules whose micropyles look upwards and outwards, and 
 it tapers above into an acute style whose undilated or slightly 
 capitate apex is covered with stigmatic papillse. The pod is ovoidal 
 or elongated, cylindrical or turgid, indehiscent or bivalve. It contains 
 an indefinite number of arillate or exarillate seeds whose coats en- 
 fold an embryo, sometimes accompanied by albumen, which has 
 thick cotyledons and a short infiexed radicle. Tounatea comprises 
 unarmed trees from tropical America; one species alone has been 
 found in Africa. The leaves are alternate, imparipinnate or 
 unifoliolate, and possess two small or leafy lateral stipules. The 
 flowers are solitary or grouped into single or fascicled racemes, inserted 
 on the nodes of the old wood, or rarely axillary to the livino- 
 branches, but pretty frequently forming ramified racemes, the leaves 
 of the branches being replaced by bracts. These last are usually 
 small and very caducous, and the flower is accompanied by two 
 
LEOUMINOS^-PAFILIONACE^. 
 
 227 
 
 little lateral bractlets, themselves rarely persistent. Some sixty 
 species of Tounatea are known,' grouped by the most recent authors 
 into five sections^ based on the form and dehiscence of the calyx, the 
 form of the vexillary petal, and that of the stamens, especially as 
 regards the anthers. 
 
 Near Tounatea have been placed four genera, distinguished from 
 it chiefly by the following characters. Aldina (figs. 205, 206) has 
 the flowers of Tounatea, but with a nearly regular corolla of flve or 
 six segments. Hence it might perhaps be better to take this genus 
 rather than Tounatea as the type of the section ; its receptacle is 
 
 Aldina laiifolia. 
 
 Fia. 206. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 also nearly regular, cup-shaped, and lined by a thick disk, external 
 to which are inserted the pieces of the perianth and androceum. 
 ZoUernia has also nearly regular flowers (figs. 207, 208), with five 
 equal or nearly equal petals, and from nine to fifteen stamens. The 
 flower-buds are elongate and acuminate. The leaves are reduced to 
 a single leaflet. The depth of the receptacle, too, is reduced, so that 
 the insertion of the perianth and androceum becomes nearly 
 hypogynous. Exostyles has nearly the flower of ZoUernia, but with 
 
 1 Vbiioz., m. num., xi. t. 17, 18, 19 (?), 22, 
 23 {WmoscC). — Vahi., Ic. Amer., t. 9j Mel. 
 Amer., t. 20 ; Symb., t. 34. — Dbsvx., in Awn. 
 So. Sat., ser. 1, ix. 424. — DC, Mem. Legimi., 
 t. 58-60.— Deiess., Icon. Sel., iii. 42, t. 74.— 
 
 Bekth., in Soolc. Jovurn., ii. 87. — Walp., Hep. 
 i. 841 ; V. 563; Ann., ii. 446. 
 
 '^ 1. Cyathostegia (Bbnth.) ; 2. Dithyria 
 (Benth.) ; 3. Matounatea ; 4. Possira ; 5. Fin- 
 tuloides (see telow. Gen., n. 289). 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 
 
 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 a much deeper receptacle, and its leaves are imparipinnate. Cordyla 
 has also a very deep receptacle and its stamens are markedly 
 
 Zollemia SouUetiana. 
 
 Fia. 207. 
 Flower (\)i 
 
 FlO. 208. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 perigynous as in many Ccesalpiniete, but its flowers are apetalous, 
 while its stamens are indefinite as in Aldina and Tounatea.^ 
 
 ' We cannot treat of the general clasBification, 
 geographical distribution, and uses of this order 
 until after the enumeration of the characters of 
 
 its several genera, which immediately follows. 
 The ahove points will therefore he found after 
 the ensuing Genera. 
 
LBQUMIN08M-FAPILI0NAGB2E. 229 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. VICIE^. 
 
 1. Vicia T. — Flowers irregular resupinate ; receptacle concave, 
 usually oblique, lined by a disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes or 
 teeth 5, nearly equal ; 2 highest shorter, or 1 lowest longer ; imbri- 
 cated or subvalvate in aestivation. Corolla papilionaceous ; standard 
 obovate or oblong, emarginate ; claw broad, short ; wings oblique 
 usually oblong, adhering at middle to keel ; keel shorter than wings, 
 falcate. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; vexillary stamen free, or 
 more or less connate with remainder ; other 9 connate into a sheath 
 cleft above with oblique mouth ; anthers uniform, introrse 2-ceUed, 
 longitudinally rimose. Germen sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2 {Ervum) 
 or oftener co, incompletely campylotropous, usually descending ; 
 micropyle extrorse superior ; style inflexed, filiform or slightly 
 compressed above laterally or dorsally, apex dorsally bearded by a 
 bunch of hairs, or pilose or pubescent all round, or more rarely 
 beardless {Ervum) ; stigma terminal. Legume of variable form 
 compressed, continuous within ; pericarp membranous, or more rarely 
 thick subcarnose or coriaceous {Faba), 2-valved. Seeds globose or 
 compressed j funicle dilated at hilum into an oblong or linear aril ; 
 embryo fleshy ; cotyledons thick ; radicle inflexed accumbent. — ^Low 
 erect, or difi'use herbs, usually climbing by means of tendrils ; leaves 
 terminating in a small recurved bristle, or a simple or branched 
 tendril ; leaflets gd or more rarely 1, 2-jugate, entire or dentate, 
 exstipellate ; stipules semisagittate ; flowers solitary or in twos or 
 threes at axils, or oftener in lateral (spurious?) racemes at axUs of 
 leaves; bracts usually small, very caducous; bractlets {Temperate 
 regions of Northern hemisphere and of South America). See p. 190. 
 
 2. Lens T. ' — Eeceptacle shortly obconical, glandular within. 
 Calyx gamosepalous; lobes 5, nearly equal, elongated valvate. 
 Corolla and stamens of Vicia. Germen stipitate or subsessUe, 2- 
 
 ' See p. 193. 
 
230 NATURAL EISTOWT OF PLANTS. 
 
 ovulate; style inflexed, slightly flattened dorsally above, longi- 
 tudinally bearded with minute hairs on inner face ; apex minutely 
 capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume compressed, continuous within, 
 1-2-seeded, 2-valved. Seeds lenticular compressed; funicle thin, 
 soon dilated into a thin arched aril covering long, ovate or oblong 
 hilum ; embryo thick ; cotyledons usually orbiculate ; radicle in- 
 ilexed accumbent. — Erect or subscandent herbs ; leaves alternate 
 imparipinnate ; odd leaflet, or sometimes 2 or 3 highest, terminating 
 in a bristle or tendril ; stipels ; stipules scarcely adnate to petiole, 
 membranous acute, semisagittate at base ; flowers small, solitary or 
 in few-flowered racemes, pedunculate, spuriously axillary; bracts 
 and bractlets or rudimentary' {Southern Mirqpe, Western Asia, 
 Northern Africa^). 
 
 3. Lathyrus T.' — Eeceptacle widely cupuliform, slightly concave, 
 glandular within. Calyx gamosepalous, more or less oblique ; teeth 
 5, equal ; or superior teeth shorter and more obtuse, imbricated. 
 Petals very unequal ; standard broadly obovate or orbicular, emar- 
 ginate, narrowed at base into a broad claw ; wings falcate-oblong or 
 obovate, either adhering within at middle to keel or free, narrowly 
 unguiculate ; keel shorter than or nearly equal to wings, curved 
 obtuse pointed. Stamens 10 ; vexillary stamen free or more rarely 
 connate with remainder to a variable height; mouth of sheath 
 usually nearly even; filaments at apex free inflexed filiform or 
 dilated ; anthers uniform. Germen subsessile or stipitate ; ovules oo 
 or more rarely few ; style inflexed, flattened and often hardened at 
 apex ; posterior face (often finally more or less lateral or anterior by 
 torsion) longitudinally bearded ; apex minutely capitate or subglo- 
 bose, tei-minal stigmatiferous. Legume compressed or subterete, 
 continuous within, few or oc-seeded, 2-valved. Seeds globose or 
 angular, more rarely compressed ; funicle (as in Pisum) dilated along 
 hilum ; embryo thick ; radicle inflexed accumbent. — Herbs, low or 
 climbing by means of tendrils ; branches sometimes winged ; leaves 
 alternate pinnate 2- oj-jugate ; petiole terete or angular or more 
 
 ' This genus, formerly united by LiNWiEUS ^ Species 8, according to Alep. {Bomplaneiia 
 
 with Cicer, by VisiAiri {M. Dalmat., 324) [1861], 128), but to be reduced to 2 or 3 in the 
 
 with Lathyrus, ought, we think, scarcely to be opinion of BEirTH.(<?e»., 526). — L., /Sjpeo.,1039. 
 
 separated generically from section JErvam of DC, Prodr., ii. 366, sect. 1. 
 Vicia, 2 See p. 194. 
 
LTIGUMINOSM-FAPILIONAGHM. 231 
 
 rarely dilated phyllodineous ; leaflets either all foliaceous {Orobus), 
 or 1-5 or oo, superior transformed into small bristles or simple or 
 branched tendrils ; stipules foliaceous, sagittate or semisagittate, 
 rarely entire at base, sometimes (in absence of leaflets) large leaf- 
 like; flowers^ subracemose on spuriously axillary l-cx)-flowered 
 peduncles ; bracts minute caducous ; bractlets {Northern Hemisphere, 
 South America^. 
 
 4. Pisum T.' — Flowers of Lathyrus ; germen oo-ovulate ; style 
 dilated from base upwards, more or less hardened, inflexed ; margins 
 much reflexed ; posterior face longitudinally bearded along middle, 
 angular through reflexion of margins, subcarinate, rather prominent 
 posteriorly; apex oblique stigmatiferous. Legume (of Lathyrus) 
 compressed 2-valved. Seeds go, globose or subglobose; funicle 
 dilated into a thin arched aril covering oblong hilum ; embryo 
 fleshy ; cotyledons thick ; radicle inflexed. — Glabrous herbs, xe- 
 sembling Za^/5yr2<5 in appearance ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 1-3-jugate, 
 superior ending in a small bristle, or simple or branched tendril ; 
 stipules broad foliaceous, semicordate or sagittate ; flowers^ solitary 
 or few, subracemose on spuriously axillary peduncles ; bracts minute 
 caducous ; bractlets {Mediterranean, Western Asia'). 
 
 5. Cicer T.° — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a crenulate disk 
 slightly projecting beyond its margin. Calyx gamosepalous, more 
 or less gibbous above ; lobes 5, nearly equal, or 3 superior connivent 
 a little shorter. Petals free ; standard ovate or suborbicular, 
 either narrowed into a broad claw or subsessile ; limb subspathulate 
 at base ; wings obliquely obovate ; keel curved, obtuse or rather 
 acute. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; filaments more or less 
 dilated above ; anthers uniform. Grermen sessile (in some flowers 
 abortive) 2- oo-ovulate ; style curved or inflexed, beardless; apex 
 capitate stigmatiferous. Legume sessile, surrounded at base by 
 calyx, ovoid or oblong, turgid, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds 
 1- cx), globose or irregularly obovoid : funicle not dilated at minute 
 
 ■ White, yellow, pink, violet, or blue. ' Species 2. DC, Prodr., ii. 368 (excl. n. 4).— 
 
 2 Species about 90. DC, Prodr., ii. 369, Sibth., FL Gfrcec., t. 687, 688.— Jatje. & Spaoh, 
 
 376.— Walp., JRep., 1. 718, 723; ii. 886, 887; JU. Plant. Orient., t. 46.— Geett. & Gode., Fl. 
 
 Ann., i. 244, 245 ; ii. 403; iv. 530, 531. de Fr., i. 477.— Walp., Hep., 1. 712; ii. 885. 
 
 ' See p. 195. « See p. 195. 
 
 * Handsome, white, pink, or purple. 
 
232 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 hilum; embryo flesliy ; cotyledons thick; radicle short, nearly 
 straight or curved, accumbent. — Annual or perennial herbs ; leaves 
 imparipinnate ; terminal leaflet similar to remainder (i.e. mem- 
 branous and dentate or cut) or ending in a spine or small tendril ; 
 stipules membranous, adnate to base of petiole ; flowers' solitary or 
 few, pedicellate on a subaxUlary peduncle ; bracts small ; bract- 
 lets {Mediterranean, Western and Central Asia^. 
 
 6 ? Abrus L.^ — Calyx truncate ; teeth 4, 5, very short or obsolete. 
 Petals elongated, arched or falcate j keel a little longer than wings. 
 Stamens 9 ; filaments scarcely perigynous, connate into a sheath 
 cleft above; anthers uniform. Germen subsessile ccrovulate; style 
 short curved beardless ; stigma minute capitate. Legume oblong 
 or linear, plano-convex, more or less septate between seeds, 2-valved ; 
 seeds subglobose or ovoid, shining. — Shrubs or undershrubs, slender, 
 often turning ; leaves paripinnate ; petiole terminating in an abortive 
 bristle ; leaflets ex -jugate exstipellate ; flowers* racemose articulated ; 
 racemes terminal or axillary, each terminating a short, almost leafless 
 branch' (All hot regioni). 
 
 II. PHASEOLE^. 
 
 7, PhaseolusL. — Flowers irregular resupinate ; receptacle cupuli- 
 form, lined by a disk produced into a tube round base of gynseceum. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes or teeth 2, posterior nearly free or 
 connate to a variable height, imbricated in aestivation. Corolla 
 papilionaceous : standard suborbicular, recurved patent, or rather 
 twisted, at base thickened fleshy, subappendiculate at inflexed 
 margins ; wings obovate or oblong, about equal to or longer than 
 standard, adhering to keel in a variable manner and often twisted 
 
 ' white, blue, or violet. having some affinity with Dalhergiece, has by 
 
 ' 1>0., Mem. Legum., t.54i; Trodr., u. 354:, — some authors been placed among Fhaseolece 
 
 Wight, Icon., t. 20. — Sibth., M. Onec., t. (where it is similarly anomalous), while by 
 
 703. — Jaub. & Spach, III. PI. Orient., t. 42- others it is made the type of the sub-tribe 
 
 45. — Fenzl, in Suss. Seise, t. 9. — Alep., in Abrinete (Wight & Abn., Frod/r., i. 236; — 
 
 (Esf/r. Bot. Zeit. (1839) ; in Somplandia (1861), Ekdi., Gen., 1301). 
 
 &l.—Bot. Mag., t. 2274.— Gben. & Gode., Fl. « Roxb., Fl. Ind., iii. 257.— Wight, Icon., 
 
 deFr., i. 477.— Walp., Mep,, ii. 833; Ann., i. t. 33.— Thw., Fmim. Fl. Zeyl., 91. — Benth.^ 
 
 242; ii. 897. in Mart. Fl. Bras., Pa^pil.," 2,\?). — Baxee, in 
 
 3 See p. 195. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 174.— Walp., Sep., i. 
 
 ■• Small, white, or pink. 791 ; v. 541 ; Ann., iv. 569. 
 
 " This ^enus, anomalous among Viciece, and 
 
LEGTJMIN08M-PAPILI0NAGBM. 233 
 
 with it ; keel obovate or linear, with obtuse elongated beak, much 
 twisted spirally. Stamens 10, 3-adelphous (9-1) ; vexillary stamen 
 usually geniculate and thickened or appendiculate above base; 
 anthers uniform introrse rimose. G-ermen sessile or shortly stipitate, 
 cc -ovulate ; ovules descending subcampylotropous ; micropyle ex- 
 trorse superior ; style rather thickened, included by and twisted 
 with beak of keel, usually bearded above at apex ; summit unequally 
 dilated, stigmatiferous, pulpy ; head oblique, often compressed on 
 both sides, or introrse lateral. Legume linear or falcate, compressed 
 or subterete, thickly stuffed between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds oblong 
 or reniform, attached by their middle ; funicle very short ; hilum 
 minute, elliptical or shortly linear, exarillate ; embryo thick ; radicle 
 inflexed accumbent. — ^Herbs, sometimes woody at base, prostrate, 
 short erect, or twining ; leaves alternate petiolate, pinnate 3-foliolate, 
 very rarely Lfoliolate ; leaflets articulated at base, stipellate; stipules 
 persistent striated ; racemes solitary or several together, axillary or 
 subaxillary ; flowers solitary or oftener fascicled, few in axil of each 
 bract ; raches of fascicles node-like ; racemes solitary or several 
 , together, axillary or subaxillary ; bracts usually small caducous ; 
 bractlets often larger and persistent for a longer time [All hotter 
 See p. 197. 
 
 8. Minkelersia Mart, & Gal.' — Flowers almost those of Pha- 
 , seolus, much elongated ; calyx-lobes 5, oblong, nearly equal, CoroUa 
 narrow. Germen sessile oo-ovulate ; style elongated thickened, 
 contained by and twisted with beak of keel, longitudinally bearded 
 above and within ; stigma large, oblique or introrse lateral. Legume 
 elongated linear flat 2-valved. Seeds rounded.— A creeping herb ; 
 leaves of Phaseohs ; flowers" axillary ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, are 
 reticulated and bearing 2 stipuliform, or 3, 4 persistent bracts below 
 apex {Mewicd'). See p. 198. 
 
 9. Physostigma Balf.^ — Flowers of Phaseohs ; teeth of calyx 
 short obtuse imbricated ; 2 superior connate to a considerable height. 
 Corolla much arched in bud ; standard ovate-orbicular recurved. 
 
 • In Sull. Acad. Bnx., i.. p. ii. 200. — B. H., loc. cit. — Walp., Rep., v. 529. — " Almost to be 
 
 Gen., 539, n. 222. considered a section of Phaseohis" (Benth.). 
 
 ^ Purple-violet. ^ In Trans. Moy. Soc. Hdinb., xxii. 310, t. 
 
 2 Species 1. M. galactioide) Mabt. & Gal, 16, 17. — B, H., Gen., 538, n. 220. 
 
234 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 much thickened and bearing inflexed anriculate appendages at base ; 
 wings long obovate free ; keel obovate ; apex beaked, subspirally 
 twisted. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; vexillary stamen genicu- 
 late and appendiculate a little above base ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 shortly stipitate, surrounded at base by a disk produced into a 
 conical, unevenly furrowed, usually 10-crenate sheath ; 2-3-ovulate ; 
 style very long, gradually thickened within and twisted with beak 
 of keel, at apex tapering and longitudinally bearded along posterior 
 margin ; summit capitate subglobose, bearing stigmatic papillae ; 
 back furnished with an uneven triangular and vexilliform compressed 
 (not hollow) appendage below summit. Legume broadly linear, 
 rather compressed, biconvex, thinly stuffed within between seeds, 
 2-valved. Seeds 1-3, oblong, half surrounded by long linear hilum, 
 exarillate ; outer coat coriaceous thick glabrous ; embryo thick sub- 
 ovoid. — A. high twining herb, suffrutescent at base; leaves and 
 axillary inflorescences of Pkaseolus ; bracts minute caducous 
 {Tropical Africa). Seep. 198. 
 
 10. Dolichos L.' — Flowers oi Phaseolus ; calyx snbcampanulate ; 
 lobes obtuse ; 2 superior connate into one, emarginate or entire. 
 Standard thickened, and bearing inflexed auriculate appendages at 
 base ; wings adhering to keel ; keel curved, usually beaked (not 
 spirally twisted). Germen subsessile, oo-ovulate ; style slightly thick- 
 ened above, often rather compressed, and longitudinally bearded below, 
 terminal or subterminal (not capitate) stigma, or penicillate at sum- 
 mit. Legume falcate or linear, more rarely rather broad and much 
 compressed {Lablalf) ; sutures often thickened ; valves 2, flat or 
 convex. Seeds thick or compressed; hilum short or elongated, 
 dilated with a linear rather fleshy aril. — Herbs or undershrubs, twin- 
 ing erect or prostrate ; leaves pinnate ; 3-foliolate stipellate ; stipules 
 small or gland-like ; flowers' solitary or fascicled, axillary, usually in 
 axillary racemes ; fascicles 1- co -flowered each in axil of a bract ; 
 
 1 Gen., n. 867. — Adans., 'Fam. des Fl., ii. Mefh., 153.— Sati, Mem. Phaseol., ii. 19. — DC, 
 
 325.— DC, Prodr., ii. 397.— Endi., Gen., n. Prod/r., ii. 401.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6611.— Zab- 
 
 6676. — B. H., Gen., 540, n. 227. — Chloryllis E. lavia Don (D.), in Sweet Brit. Fl. Gm-d., ser. 
 
 Met., Comm. PI. Afr. Anstr., 149 (keel a little 2, t. 236 (style more tWckened at apex ; seeds 
 
 longer than wings). — ? Dvpogon Liebm., Ini. descending or subtransverse ; legume slightly 
 
 Sem. Sort. Safn., in Arm. So. Nat., s6r. 4, ii. stuffed within ; hilum elongated, dilated into an 
 
 376. — Macrotyloma, Wi&ht & Abn., Prodr., 249. aril). 
 
 5 Adans., Fam. des PL, ii. 325. — Mcenoh, ' Whitish, flesh-coloured, violet, or yellowish 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOEJE. 235 
 
 racliis of fascicle node-like, or nearly absent ; bracts and bractlets 
 small, striated, usually very caducous (All warmer ret/ions^). 
 
 11. Vigna Savi.'' — 'Flowers oi Fkaseolus. Standard suborbicular, 
 furnished at base with inflexed auriculate appendages ; wings falcate ; 
 keel about equal to wings, curved, either without beak or produced 
 into a curved beak (not twisted into a perfect spiral). Other characters 
 of Phaseolus. — Herbs, twining or more rarely prostrate or short 
 erect ; leaves of Phaseolus ; stipules sessile, or more rarely produced 
 below insertion; flowers' arranged as in Phaseolus {All hotter regions''). 
 
 12? Voandzeia Dup.-Th.* — Mowers small, polygamous (of 
 Vigna) ; fertile flowers, smaller apetalous ; germen sessile pauciovu- 
 late ; style curved, bearded above ; stigma oblong introrse lateral. 
 Legume irregularly subglobose, bare within, 1 -seeded, 2-valved, 
 ripening underground. Seed subglobose; hilum oblong; embryo fleshy, 
 thick ; radicle short, nearly or quite straight. — A creeping herb ;* 
 leaves on long petioles, pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate ; peduncles 
 axillary short few-flowered, recurved after anthesis ; flowers axillary 
 to small striated bracts ; bractlets conformable {Tropical Africa). 
 
 13. Pachyrhizus Eich.' — Flowers of Vigna; standard broad 
 obovate, furnished at base with inflexed auriculate appendages; 
 
 ' Species about 20. Ga;ETN., Wriwt., ii. 322, Tmt., t. 2. — Haev. & Sond., M. Cap., ii. 239. — 
 
 t. 150. — Smith, Spicil., t. 21 ; :Exot. M., t. 74; Bentei., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 193, t. 50 ; 
 
 Bot. Meg., t. 830. — Jacq., Fragm., t. 55 ; Eort. Fl. Austral., ii. 258. — Bakee, in OUv. Fl. Trop. 
 
 Vindob., t. 124.— Joif. Mag., t. 380, 89(5.— Afr., ii. 202.— Waip., Sep., i. 778; v. 537; 
 
 WiaHT, in SooTc. Bot. Misc., Suppl., t, 15. — Ann., ii. 427 ; iv. 562. 
 
 Bb^tk., in Atm. Wien. Mas., ii. US ; in Mart. " O-en. Nov. Madagasc, 23.— DC, Mem. 
 
 Fl. Bras., Papil., 196, t. 51. — Haet. & Sond., Legum., t. 20, fig. 106; Prodr., ii. 474. — Endi., 
 
 Fl. Cap., ii. 243.— Bakbe, in Olw. Fl. Trop. &en., n. 6684.— B. H., &en., 539, n. 224. — 
 
 Afr., ii. 209.— Waip., Sep., i. 779 ; ii. 901 ; v. Bakee, in OUv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. WH.—Cryp- 
 
 539 ; Ann., i. 252 ; ii. 429 ; iv. 563. tolohas Speeno., Syst., iii. 152, 218 (part.). 
 
 ' Mem. Phaseol., iii. 7. — DC, Prodr., ii. 401. — * V. suhterramea Dup.-Th. — Arachis afri- 
 
 Endl., a-en., n. 6675. — B. H., 6-en., 539, n. 223. coma BuEM., Fl. Ind., 22. — Glycine suhterramea 
 
 — Oioptera'DC.,Mem.J0eg'am.,24if^,t. 42; Prodr., L. p., Dec, 37, 1. 17. — Voandzou Flag., Madag., 
 
 ii. 240. — CalicyslTms Endl., Prod/r. Fl. NoifolJc., 118. ( Voandzeia should perhaps rather be oon- 
 
 90 ; Q-en., n, 6675 b. — Scytalis E. Met., Comm. sidered a section of Vigna with short subter- 
 
 Pl. Afi-ic. Austr., 144. — ? Strophostyles E. raueau legumes). 
 
 Met., loo. cit., 147 (neo IEli.). — Endi., Q-en., ' In DC, Mem. Legum., 379 ; Prodr., ii. 
 
 n. 6674 d {Phaseohis). — ? PlectrotropisScnVM., 402.— Endi., Gen., u. 6679. — B. H., Gen., 540, 
 
 BesTcr., 338. — Sphenostylis E. Met., loc. cit., n. 225. — Caraca Dup.-Th., in Diet. So. Sat., v. 
 
 148. — Ehdi., Gen., n. 6678. 35. — Teeniocarpum Destx., in Ann. So. Nat., 
 
 ' Yellowish, or more rarely purplish. s^r. ], ix. 420. — Endi., Gen., u. 6683. — Bohin- 
 
 ■* Jaoq., Hort. Vindoh., t. 23, 67, 90, 102.^ sia Maet. & Gal., in Bull. Ac. Brum;., i. ii. 
 
 WiOHT, Icon., t. 202.— Hook., Icon., t. 637 ; 193.— Waip., Rep., v. 534. 
 Bot. Mag., t. 2233.— Rich. (A.), Fl. Abyss. 
 
236 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 style more or less flattened at apex ; stigma subglobose at inner face, 
 very shortly stipitate. Legume marked with transverse lines between 
 seeds, 2-valved ; cells full. Seeds transversely oblong or suborbiculate, 
 compressed ; hilum minute, oblong or elliptical. — Herbs, with habit 
 and leaves of Phaseolus ; bracts and bractlets small setaceous. Other 
 characters of Phaseolus or Vi^na {Hotter regions of America and Asia}'). 
 
 14. Psophocarpus Neck.' — Mowers of PacJiyrhizus ; vexillary 
 stamen free close to base, usually connate at middle with remainder 
 into a tube ; ovary shortly stipitate, co-ovulate ; style thickened 
 above ovary, subulate curved beardless ; stigma terminal subglobose 
 or introrse, with a dense villous tuft. Legume 4-gonous, longitudi- 
 nally 4-winged (3 anterior, 2 posterior wings), 3-valved, stuffed within 
 between seeds. Seeds transversely oblong, compressed in turn ; 
 hilum lateral, oblong or elliptical, exarillate. Embryo very fleshy ; 
 radicle inflexed; petioles of cotyledons forming a sheath round 
 plumule and tigella. — Twining herbs; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate 
 stipellate ; stipules membranous, produced below insertion ; flowers' 
 in fascicled racemes ; bracts deciduous ; bractlets larger, persistent 
 for a longer time {Tropical Asia and Africa*). 
 
 15. Galactia P. Br.'^ — Eeceptacle concave, lined by a disk; disk 
 crenulate, a little projecting round gynseceum. Calyx gamosepalous ; 
 lobes 4 (3 highest connate into one quite entire), long acuminate ; 
 lowest lobes often longer. Petals a little unequal ; standard ovate 
 or orbicular, with slightly inflexed margins, wings long obovate or 
 narrow, more or less adhering to keel; keel equal to or a little 
 longer than wings, without beak. Stamens 10, either 2-adelphous 
 (9-1), or 1-adelphous at base and vexillary stamen connate at 
 middle with remainder ; anthers uniform. Grermen sessile or sub- 
 sessile, oo-ovulate ; style slender beardless ; apex stigmatiferous, 
 
 ' Species 2. L., Spec, 420. — LouB., Fl. Co- v. 1. 133.— Dup.-Th., in Bid. des So. Nat., v. 
 
 chinch., ii. 535 (part.), 536. — M05. & Sess., in 241. — Behth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 197, 
 
 DC, Frodr., ii. 399, n. 34. — Benth., Fl. Sras., t. 52. — Bakeb, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 
 
 Fapil., t. 53.— Waip., F,ep., ii. 902. 208.— Waip., iSep., i. 781 ; ii. 902. 
 
 2 Flem., n. 1362. — DC, Frod/r., ii. 403. — = ja^.^ 298.— DC, Frod/r., ii. 237.— Enm., 
 
 Enm., Gen., n. 6680.— B. H., Gen., 540, n. Gen., n. 6653.— B. H., Gen., 535, n. 211. — 
 
 226. — Diesimgia Ehdl., in Flora (1862), 117 j Setencourtia A. S. H., Voyag., i. 376. — Sweetia 
 
 AtaMa,\.t.\,i; Gen.,n.QG9il. — jBoior Adahs., DC, Frodr., ii. 381 (nee Speens.).— Odo«ia 
 
 Fam. des Fl., ii. 326. Beet., ex DC, Frodr., ii. 239. — Heterocwrpcea 
 
 ' Lilac, or violet, rather large or middle-«ized. ScheeIiE, in I/inncea, xxi. 467. — Lewiodictyon 
 
 * L., Spec, 1021. — KuMPH., Merl. Amloin,, Dalz., in Hook. Jowm,, ii. 264. 
 
LUGTJMINOS^-PAPILIOWAGE^. 237 
 
 scarcely or not dilated. Legume linear, straight or curved, com- 
 pressed or rather convex, subseptate or stuffed between seeds, 
 2-valved.' Seeds exarillate. — Shrubs or herbs, twining or prostrate ; 
 leaves usually 3, more rarely 1-5-7 -foliolate, stipellate ; stipules 
 small, often deciduous ; flowers^ in axillary racemes, solitary or in 
 pairs or fascicled at axil of each bract ; rachis of fascicle node-like 
 small ; bracts and bractlets below flowers small {All hotter regioni). 
 
 16. Grona LoTTR.'' — Mowers of Galactia ; 2 superior calyx-lobes 
 connate at base or slightly beyond middle. Keel obtuse. Stamens 
 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Legume stuffed between seeds, 2-valved. 
 Seeds orbiculate or ellipsoidal; funicle short, dilated at hilum 
 into a small aril. Other characters of Galactia. — Prostrate or 
 twining herbs ; leaves 1-foliolate stipellate ; stipules caducous ; 
 flowers in axillary or subterminal racemes, in twos or threes or 
 fascicled in axil of each bract, pedicellate ; rachis of fascicle short, node- 
 like ; bracts small deciduous ; bractlets persistent rather late below 
 flower {Tropical Asia^). 
 
 17. Csonbosema Benth.' — Flowers almost those of Galactia, 
 but larger; 2 superior calyx-lobes connate into one, 2-toothed. 
 Vexillary stamen free. Germen subsessile oo-ovulate ; style curved 
 beardless ; stigma terminal truncate. Legume oblong-falcate com- 
 pressed, terminated by curved style, 2-valved. Seeds oblong or 
 reniform, half surrounded by linear hilum, exariUate. — Twining 
 herbs ; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate stipellate ; stipules smaU. persistent ; 
 flowers' in a short raceme composed of a few 2-, 3-flowered fascicles; 
 peduncle long ; rachis of fascicle node-like ; bracts and bractlets 
 small {Tropical America^). 
 
 ' Eipening underground in (?. (Seierocarpaa) Fl. Bras., Fapil., 141, 141, t. 39, 40 ; Fl. 
 
 ccmescens Benth. A-uatral., ii. 255. — Toee. & 6e., Fl. N. Amer. 
 
 ' Eed, violet, or "white ; usually small or i. 287.— Wioht, loon., t. 482 — Lindl., in JBof. 
 
 middle sized; handsome; petals hroader in Segi.,i.2e9. — GsiSE^., Fl. Brit W. Ind., 194,; 
 
 bolUea DC, in Ann. So. Ifat., s6t. 1, iv. 96; PI. Wright. Cub,, 376. — Baiee, in OUv. Fl. 
 
 Prodr., ii. 240. — Endl., 0-en., n. 6657 (nee Ih-op. Afr., ii. 188. — Walp., JSiep., i. 761 ; ii. 
 
 SPEEira., nee Lindl.), which ought by no means 900 ; v. 53i ; Awn., ii. 421 ; iv. 554. 
 
 to be separated generically from Q-alactia. * Fl. Cochmch., ed. 1 (1790), 459. Benth., 
 
 * Species about 40. MiOHX., in M. Bar.- in PI. Jnngh., 233. — B. H., &en., hSh, n. 211. ' 
 
 Amer., ii. 261. — K., Mimos., t. 55, 56. — H. B. K., ' Species 2 or 3. 
 
 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 428. — Jacq., Icon. « In Sook. Jottm., ii. 61 ; &en., 534, n. 210. 
 
 Ear., t. 572, 573 ; Sort. Vindoi., t. 76.— ' Handsome ; pink or purplish. 
 
 Benth., in Arm. Wien, Mm., ii. 126 ; in Mart. ' Species about 2. Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
238 NATVEAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 18. Calopogonium Desvx.' — Flowers almost those of Galactia ; 
 2 superior calyx-lobes distinct or connate with one 2-toothecl. 
 Standard obovate, 2-auriculate at base ; wings narrow ; keel shorter 
 than, and adhering to wing, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile oo-ovulate ; style slender 
 beardless ; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear piano-com- 
 pressed or convex septate within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds 
 orbicular, rather compressed, exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs, 
 twining ; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate stipellate ; flowers small,^ in elon- 
 gated or short racemes, fascicled in aril of each bract; rachis of 
 fascicle node-like ; pedicels very short ; bracts and bractlets small 
 caducous^ {South and Central America"). 
 
 19. Mastersia Benth.° — " 2 superior calyx-lobes connate into one 
 entire broad. Standard suborbicular, very shortly unguiculate, 
 exauriculate ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel broad slightly curved 
 obtuse, nearly equal to wings. Vexillary stamen free from base 
 upwards, straight, remainder connate; anthers (5 ? or all?) linear ver- 
 satile. Ovary sessile oc -ovulate ; style short, filiform curved, beardless ; 
 stigma terminal capitate." Legume oblong-linear piano-compressed 
 indehiscent ; superior suture slightly winged. Seeds oo, transversely 
 oblong, exarillate ; hUum small lateral. — An undershrub (?) ; stem 
 twining ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate ; stipules very caducous ; 
 flowers in elongated axillary racemes, fascicled in axil of each bract ; 
 rachis of fascicle node-like or very shortly developed; bracts in 
 pairs, caducous, bractlets suborbicular, persistent for a long time* 
 {Assam). 
 
 20. Erytkrina L.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a disk; disk 
 
 Sras., Pofpil., 159, t. 42, fig. 2. This genus has " H. B. K., Nov. Gen. ef Spec, t. 575. — 
 
 much affinity, on the one hand, with Gh^ona and Benth., in Mart. M. Bras., Papil., 139, t. 38. 
 
 CaZqpo^oftwm, by the free vexillary stamen; ou * Qen., 535, ii. 213; in Tram. lAnn. Soc, 
 
 the other, with Camptosema, but differs from the xxv. 300, t. 34. 
 
 latter by its stamens, by its compressed apiculato ^ " This genus is by its habit allied to some 
 
 fruit, thinly stuffed between the seeds, and by species of Dioclea and Fueraria, while by its 
 
 the habit of its hilum. stamens it is distinct from them, and by its 
 
 1 In Ann. Sc. Nat., s&. 1, ix. 423. — Endl., legume anomalous among Phaseolem" (Bbnth.). 
 G'e»s.,n. 6699 (part.).— B.H., ©en., 534, n. 209. ? Gen., n. 855.— J., Gen., 356.— Lamk.J 
 
 — Stenolobivm Benth., in Arm. Wien. Mtis., ii. Diet., ii. 390 ; SuppL, ii. 382 ; III., t. 608. 
 
 125. — Endi,., Gen., u. 6648 (uec Don). DC, Frodr., ii. 410. — Spach, Suit. a. Buffon, i. 
 
 2 Blue or violet. 854. — Endl., Gen., n. 6667. — B. H., Gen., 531, 
 ^ This genus differs from Galactia by its n. 201. — Corallodendron T., Inst., 661, t. 446. 
 
 calyx, from Glycine by its nodose-racemose Mouricou Kheed. — Gelala Rttmph., ex Adahs. 
 inflorescence. Fam. des PI,, ii. 326. 
 
LBQUMIN08M-FAPILI0NA0HM. 239 
 
 glandular, often 13-lobed, lO-furrowed. Calyx companulate or 
 sacciform ; mouth oblique truncate, quite entire or sometimes cleft 
 and 1-2-lobate, more rarely minutely toothed, very rarely more 
 deeply, unequally or nearly equally, 5-tootlied. Petals very un- 
 equal ; standard large or elongated, erect or patent, sometimes 
 falcate, raised on a short or long claw, without appendages at base ; 
 wings short or very short, more rarely ; keel smaller than stan- 
 dard, longer or shorter than wings ; all petals free or more or less 
 connajie dorsaUy. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous ; 9-connate at middle; 
 vexillary stamen free, or connate close to base with remainder ; 
 anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate ; ovules oo ; style curved beard- 
 less ; apex subulate, stigma minute terminal. Legume stipitate, 
 nearly straight or falcate, linear, tapering at apex and base, compressed 
 or subterete, more rarely flat at base, sinuous or constricted between 
 seeds, sometimes 2-valved, sometimes dehiscing as a follicle along 
 superior suture, more rarely hardly dehiscent, seeds oblong, exaril- 
 late, uniform in colour or particoloured ; hilum lateral, oblong or 
 linear. — Trees or erect shrubs, thick, more rarely subherbaceous ; 
 twigs often prickly ; leaves alternate pinnate 2-foliolate ; stipels 
 gland-like ; stipules small ; inflorescence racemose ; racemes axillary 
 ieafless, or terminal bearing leaves at base ; flowers' solitary or in twos 
 or threes in axil of each bract ; bracts alternate^ {All hot region f). 
 
 21. Strongryloclon Vog.^^ — Eeceptacle slightly concave, lined by a 
 disk ; disk somewhat projecting round stalk of germen, shortly 
 toothed, calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 5, nearly equal (2 superior 
 
 ' Scarlet, purplish, or greenish yeUow, usually Ijudov., 103), including the species whose calyx 
 
 handsome. is not spathe-like. 
 
 ^ In Bentham's opinion ( &en., 532) the fol- * Species about 25. Jacq., Sort. ScTicenhr., 
 
 lowing genera, proposed by various authors, t. 216, 466; Fragm., t. 119. — RoxB., PL Coro- 
 
 scarcely form well-defined sections of this genus : mamd., t. 219, 220. — Peesi, Symbol., t. 46, 47, 
 
 (a) i^fjcropiej^a; Waip. (in Xwmffia, xxiii. 739 ; 68. — WiaHi, Iccm., t. 58, 247. — Bkot., in 
 
 Ann., ii. 425), keel gamopetalous, overlapping Trans. Limi. Soc, xiv. t. 10-12. — Sweet, Srit. 
 
 dwarf wings. — (b) Duchassamgia Waip. (loe. Fl. Gard., t. 142, 214. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 cit., 741), keel gamopetalous, claw of standard Sras., Fapil., 172 ; Fl. Austral., ii. 253. — 
 
 long. — (c) Stenotropis Hassk. (JEtetzia, i. 183), Haet. & Sond., Ft. Cap., ii. 236. — Haet., 
 
 petals of keel free, calyx sometimes cleft. — (d) Thes. Cap., t. 61, 62. — Gaudich., in Freyc. 
 
 Chirocalyx Meissn. (in Moole. Journ., ii. 97), Voy. Bat., t. 114. — A. Rich., Fl. Abyss. Tent., 
 
 teeth of calyx rather long, distinct. — (e) Sypa- t. 41. — Bakbk, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 181. 
 
 plorus Hassk. {Hort. Bog., ed. nov., 197), —Bot. Meg., t. 313, 389, 736, 750, 1246, 1327, 
 
 legume flat, empty for a, considerable distance WIT.— Bot. Mag., t. 877, 2161, 2431, 3227, 
 
 from base, containing seeds at apex, turgid over 3234. — Waip., Sep., i. 768 ; ii. 901 ; v. 535 ; 
 
 seeds, 2-valved. — (f) MacroeymbiMm "Wms. (in Ann., ii. 423 ; iv. 557. 
 
 Flora [1853], 149), standard (called sphalma) * In lAnnma, x, 585. — Endi., Gen., 
 
 shorter than calyx.— (g) Xyphamius Rapin. {Fl. B. H., Gen., 532, n. 203. 
 
240 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 sometimes a little connate), imbricated in aestivation. Petals unequal : 
 standard elongated acute, recurved or reflexed, furnished with an 
 appendage within above claw ; wings shorter, slightly adhering to 
 keel ; keel curved beaked, petals connate. Stamens ] 0, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate, pauci-, usually 1-2-ovu- 
 late ; style slender beardless ; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume 
 stipitate, obliquely ovate-oblong ; valves 2, convex coriaceous: 
 Seed thick orbicular exarillate, half surrounded by linear hilum. — 
 Shrubs or undershrubs, twining glabrous ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate 
 stipellate ; stipules 2, lateral small ; flowers' fascicled in simple or 
 oftener branched elongated axillary racemes; rachis of fascicle 
 node-like; bracts small or minute, bractlets minute orbiculate, 
 very caducous (Ceylon, South Sea Islands^). 
 
 22. Rudolphia W.' — Flowers almost those of Erythrina. Calyx 
 coriaceous, gamosepalous to a considerable height, tubular sub-2- 
 labiate, 2 superior lobes connate into one, entire or shortly emar- 
 ginate or cleft at apex; lowest a little longer, long acuminate, 
 somewhat arched ; 2 lateral much smaller or hardly visible. Corolla 
 and stamens of Erythrina. Germen sessile or stipitate, co -ovulate ; 
 style usually thickened at middle, hooked beardless at apex ; summit 
 capitate stigmatiferous. Legume surrounded at base by persistent 
 calyx, elongated piano-compressed, shortly acuminate or mucronate 
 at apex, thinly stuffed within, 2-valved; valves finally twisted. Seeds 
 flat. — Twining herbs ; leaves 1-foliolate articulated stipeUate; stipules 
 narrow deciduous ; flowers'* subaxillary racemose ; fascicles alternate ; 
 rachis of fascicle node-like ; bracts and bractlets narrow {West Indie^). 
 
 23. Mucuna Adams.^ — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a disk ; 
 disk somewhat projecting round gynseceum, 10-lobed. Calyx thick, 
 teeth very unequal ; 2 superior quite connate ; lowest longer than 
 the others or about equal to superior. Corolla usually large; 
 
 ' " Bed, handsome.'' * Fam. des PL, ii. 325. — DC, Frodr., ii. 
 
 2 A. Gkat, Unit. States Expl. Exped., Bot., 404— ENBt., Gen., u. 6665. — B. H., Gen., 533, 
 
 445, t. 48, 49. — WAl,P.,i?ep.,i.769;^«».,iv.559. n. 205.— Cj«a Loitk., Fl. Cod., 456. — ? Ma- 
 
 ' In Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Berl., iii. 41. — crcmthus Lotte., loc. cit., 460. — Stizolohimn 
 
 DC, Frodr., ii. 414 (part.). — Endi., Gen., ii. Peks., Syn., ii. 298. — Negretia R. & Pat., 
 
 6669 (nee K.).— B. H., Gen., 532, u. 202. Frodr., 98, t. 21.— Carpopogon Roxb., Fl. Ind., 
 
 * Red. "'■ 283. — Macroceraiides Rass., ex Ensl. — 
 
 5 Species 2 or 3. W., Spec, iii. 918.— Vahi, Fillera Enbl., Frodr. Fl. Norf., 91. — Zooph- 
 
 Hel. Amer., ii. 41, t. 30. — ? Pltjm., Fl. Amer., thalmus Bb. (ex Adaws.). 
 ed. BuEM., 1. 102, fig. 1. 
 
LBGVMINOS^-PAPILIONACIIJE. 241 
 
 standard shorter than wings, plaited, thick and more or less tapering 
 and bearing inflexed anriculate appendages at base ; wings oblong or 
 obovate, curved, usually adhering to keel, broadly 1-auriculate at base ; 
 keel about equal to or often larger than wings, 2-auriculate at base, 
 curved acute or cartilaginous beaked at apex. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; 5 alternipetalous anthers longer subbasifixed ; oppositi- 
 petalous shorter, often bearded, versatile. Grermen sessile villous; 
 ovules few descending subanatropous; raphe short thick j micropyle 
 extrorse superior ; style slender often corrugated in bud, beardless ; 
 apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume often large thick 
 ovate, oblong, or linear, usually covered outside with stinging hairs 
 and sometimes variably ribbed or laminated,' stuffed or spuriously 
 septate within between seeds, 2-valved, seeds orbicular or transversely 
 oblong, compressed ; hilum sometimes short, sometimes linear and 
 half or more than half surrounding seed, exarillate ; embryo thick. 
 — Herbs or shrubs, climbing or more rarely suberect; leaves of 
 Phaseoltts ; stipules deciduous j flowers^ racemose ; racemes sometimes 
 short subcymose, oftener elongated and composed of alternate 
 fascicles ; bracts small, often caducous {AU /totter re^ions^). 
 
 24. Apios BoEHH.^ — Eeceptacle short, lined by a somewhat 
 prominent disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth unequal, lowest tooth 
 larger, 2 superior broad connate. Petals shortly unguiculate ; stan- 
 dard orbicular or ovate, reflexed ; wings shorter oblique, adhering 
 to curved or spirally twisted keel. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen subsessile oo-ovulate; style inflexed 
 beardless ; stigma terminal. Legume linear falcate 2-valved. Seeds 
 exarillate. — Twining herbs ; leaves pinnate 3-6-7 -foliolate stipellate ; 
 stipules small ; flowers' in axillary simple or terminal branched 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets narrow, very caducous {Temperate Asia 
 and North America^). 
 
 * From which character the genus is divided Reg. (1838), t. 18. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras,, 
 into three sections — viz. : 1. CiUa. Legume Papil., 169, t. 46, 47. — Bakbe, in Olio. Fl. 
 laminated, with transverse foliaceous folds. — 2. Trap. Afr., ii. 184. — Walp., Rep., i. 7G7; Ji. 
 Stizolohmm. Legume linear, longitudinally 900 ; Ann., ii. 422 ; iv. 557. 
 
 ribbed or bare. — 3. Cwrpopogon. Legume ■* Sort. Lugd.Sat., ii. 53 (nee Theoph., neo 
 
 longitudinally ribbed or winged at sutures, con- DiOBC, nee Coen.). — Mcench, Meth., 165. — 
 
 stricted between seeds. DC, Prodr., ii. 390. — Endi., Ben., n. 6673. — 
 
 * Handsome; yellowish, red, or purple. B. H., Q-en., 532, n. 204. — Cyriotropis Wali., 
 ^ Wight, loon., t. 35, 280. — Hook., in Sot. Fl. As. Ear., i. 49, t. 62.— Eb'dl., Gen., n. 6672. 
 
 Misc., ii. t. suppl., 12, 18. — Wall., Fl. As. •' Dark purple or scarlet. 
 
 Mar., t. 47, 236.— jBoi. Mag., t. 4,94,5.— Sot. « Species 3, of which 1 is North American 
 
 VOL. II. K 
 
242 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 25. Cochlianthus Benth." — "Calyx; 2 superior teeth connate into 
 1, nearly entire ; 3 lateral smaller ; lowest longer. Standard broadly 
 ovate, furnished with inflexed auriculate appendages ; wings oblong, 
 slightly overtopping standard ; keel linear spirally twisted, not over- 
 topping wings. Vexillary stamen free ; remainder connate ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen very shortly stipitate, ex -ovulate ; style filiform 
 beardless ; stigma peltate dilated. Legume linear curved, somewhat 
 flattened, 2-valved, obscurely septate within. Seeds square; hilum short, 
 estrophiolate. — A twining herb, blackening when dry. Leaves pinnate 
 3-foliolate stipellate. Flowers middle-sized, in fascicled racemes on 
 slender axillary peduncles ; rachis of fascicle node-like or shortly de- 
 veloped. Bracts or bractlets minute, very caducous, or 0" (Nepaul). 
 
 26. Butea Koen.^ — Eeceptacle short, lined by a more or less pro- 
 minent disk. Calyx large, silky within; teeth or lobes very 
 unequal; 3 superior connate into a broad, entire or emarginate 
 lip ; 8 inferior much smaller, imbricated when very young. Petals 
 very dissimilar ; standard recurved acute, without appendages ; wings 
 falcate, nearly equal to standard, adhering to standard and curved keel. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile or 
 shortly stipitate ; style curved beardless ; stigma terminal, minute or 
 truncate ; ovules 2, descending ; micropyle extrorse superior. Legume 
 shortly stipitate, unequally oblong or broadly linear ; at base flat for 
 a considerable distance, wing-like, indehiscent, effete ; close to apex 
 thick, 1 -seeded 2-valved. Seed piano-compressed, suborbicular or 
 reniform exarillate ; embryo fleshy exalbuminous. — Trees or sarmen- 
 tose twining shrubs ; leaves pinnate 8-foliolate exstipellate ; lateral 
 leaflets very unsymmetrical ; stipules minute caducous ; flowers^ in 
 short racemes or racemose or fascicled-panicled spikes ; bracts and 
 bractlets caducous {Tkopical Jsia"). 
 
 37. Spatholobus Hassk.' — Eeceptacle minute concave, lined by a 
 
 (Glycine Apios L., Spec, 1067; — Sohkuhe, Eheed., Sort. Malah., vi. 29, t. 16, 17 (ex 
 
 Bcmdb., 198). — ToEB. & Ge., M. N. Amer., i. Adans., Fam. des PL, ii. 325). 
 
 282. — NuTT., Gen,, ii. 113. — Sot. Mag., t. ^ " Orange or flame-coloured ; handsome." 
 
 1198.— Waip., Sep., i. 770. " EoxB., Fl. Ind., iii. 244.— WiaHT & Aen., 
 
 ' In Plant. Jmgh., i. 234. — B. H., Gen., 533, Prodr., i. 216. — Hook., Sot. Misc., ii. t. suppl., 
 
 n. 206. 32.— Bbnth., in PI. JwngTi., i. 238 Waip.^ 
 
 2 EoxB., PI. Coromand., i. 22, t. 21, 22.— Sep., i. 769; Am,., iv. 560. 
 
 DC, Prodr., ii. 414 (part.).— Eitdi,., Gen., n. * In Flora (1842), ii. Seibl., 52. — Bbnth., in 
 
 6670 (part).— B. H., Gen., 533, u. Wil.—Plaso Plant. Jmgh.,i. 238; Gen., 534, n. 208.— DreS- 
 
LBGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOEJE. 213 
 
 cupuliform unequally crenate disk. Calyx gamosepalous, pilose 
 within ; teeth or lobes 4, 2 superior connate into one, entire or 
 emarginate ; sestivation imbricated. Corolla papilionaceous ; keel 
 nearly straight, obtuse, shorter than wings. Stamens 10, 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1) ; anthers uniform ; connective glandular coloured. 
 Grermen sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules 2, 1 descending, 1 often 
 ascending ; style subulate, beardless except at base, curved at apex ; 
 summit minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume (of Butea), at 
 base winged for a considerable distance and empty at apex ; 1^-2- 
 seeded, and late becoming 2-valved. Seeds flat, unequally obovate, 
 exarillate. — Climbing shrubs ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipeUate ; 
 stipules minute persistent ; flowers' in much-branched racemes, 
 pedicels articulated at base; bracts and bractlets small, acute for 
 same distance at apex [Tropical Asia and Africa (?)'). 
 
 28. Glycine L.' — Eeceptacle slightly concave ; calyx gamose- 
 palous ; 2 superior lobes usually connate to a considerable height. 
 Petals often very unequal ; standard suborbicular or obovate, 
 narrowed or subauriculate at base ; margins inflexed ; wings oblique 
 narrow, more or less adhering to keel ; keel shorter than wings or 
 very short, obtuse. Stamens 10, 1- or more rarely 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; filament free at apex, usually filiform ; anthers often short, 
 Grermen subsessile, 2- oo-ovulate ; style linear curved, usually short 
 beardless; apex capitate. Legume linear or falcate, more rarely 
 broad falcate (Soja*), compressed or terete, cellularly septate within, 
 2-valved. Seeds exariUate.-^Herbs twining or prostrate, slender, more 
 rarely erect; leaves pinnate, 3- or more rarely 5-7-foliolate stipellate ; 
 stipules lateral, usually small ; flowers* in axillary racemes, either 
 solitary or fascicled along the rachis, or else scattered [Leptocyamuf) ; 
 lower flowers (often apetalous) sometimes solitary at axils; bracts 
 and bractlets minute, setaceous or narrow [Tropical and Subtropical 
 Africa, Asia, and Australia!). 
 
 lelia, ZOM/., in Nat. Gen. Arch, (ex Hassk., in loc. cit., 207 (nee DC). — Sujacia E. Met., 
 
 Flora [1847], 702). Comm. PI. Afr. Austr., 127. 
 
 ' Small, crowded ; white, pink, or purple. * MoENOH, Meth., 153. — Sati, Mem. Fhaseol., 
 
 ^ Species about 10. WiaHT, Icon., t. 210 ii. 16.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 396.— Endl., Gen., u. 
 
 (5«ieo).— Bazeb, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 6649. 
 
 183. s " Purplish or pale." 
 
 ' Gen., n. 868 (nee Nutt.). — DC, Prodr.; ii. * Benth., in Trans. Linn. Soc, xviii. 209. — 
 
 240. — Endi., Gen.,n. 6650. — B. H., Gen., 530, Endl., Gen.,n. 6645. — LeptoloUum Benth., in 
 
 n. 196. — Johnia Wight & Aen., Prodr., 449. — Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 124 (nee Voe.). 
 
 Endl., Gen., n. 6646. — Notonia Wight & Aen., ' Species about 12. Jacq., Icon. Rar., t. 145 
 
 E 3 
 
244 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 29. Shuteria Wight & Akn.' — Flowers of Glj/cine ; calyx 4-lobed 
 or 4-tootlied (2 superior lobes connate at apex). Vexillary stamen 
 never coherent. — Herbs, twining slender ; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate 
 stipellate ; stipules striated ; flowers^ small, in axillary racemes, in pairs 
 or cymose along the racbis ; bracts persistent striated ; bractlets rather 
 rigid, persistent below flowers' (Western India% 
 
 30. Teramnus P. Br.' — Flowers of Glycine; 2 superior calyx 
 lobes distinct or connate. Stamens all connate, 1-adelphous; 5 
 alternate anthers very small, lopped. Legume terminated by hooked 
 style.^ — Herbs, twining slender ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate, 
 stipules small, flowers small few, fascicled at axUs or arranged in 
 axillary racemes ; bracts small ; bractlets below flower, linear or 
 lanceolate, striated [Tropical America, Asia, and Africa^. 
 
 31. Kennedya Vent.' — Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth or lobes 5, 
 about equal in length to tube, rarely shorter {Hardenberffia^) ; 
 2 superior teeth or lobes connate into an entire or emarginate lip. 
 Petals very dissimilar ; standard obovate or orbicular, more or less 
 narrowed at base, with or without auriculate appendages ; wings 
 oblong or obovate, oblique, adhering to keel ; keel curved, either 
 slightly acute or obtuse. Stamens 10 ; 9 connate; vexillary stamen 
 free ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate, ex -ovu- 
 late ; style short or long, inflexed or curved, beardless or furnished 
 with tooth at apex ; stigma terminal capitate. Legume linear, com- 
 pressed terete or turgid, spuriously septate within between seeds, 
 stufied or more rarely continuous. Seeds ovoid or oblong ; hilum 
 lateral arUlate. — Undershrubs or perennial herbs, prostrate or 
 
 (Dolichos). — Labill., Sert. Austr.-Caled., t. ^ This genus is otherwise scarcely to be dis- 
 
 70 (Kennedya) ? — Benth., in Journ. Linn. Soc., tinguished from Glycine. (See Wight & Aen., 
 
 viii. 266. — Bakeb, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 1^8. Prodr., 208.) 
 
 * Prodr., 207.— Endl., Qen,., u. 6652. — ? Benth., in Arm. Wien. Mus., ii. 126; in 
 B. H., Gen., 529, n. 195. Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 137, t. 37; in Jowm. 
 
 2 White, pink, or violet. Linn. Soc, viii. 269. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. 
 
 ^ This genus is otherwise scarcely to be dis- Trop. Afr., ii. 180. — Wight, Icon., t. 168. 
 
 tinguished from Glycine. * Jard. Malmais., t. 104-106. — DC, Prodr., 
 
 * Species 4 or 5. Benth., in Ann. Wien. ii. 383. — Endl., Gen.,n. 6641. — B. H., Gen., 
 Mus., ii. 126 ; in Plant. Jimgh., 232. — Hook., 531, n. 199. — Camlinia Mcenoh, Suppl, 47 (nee 
 Icon., t. 144. — Wight, Icon., t. 165.— Wall, W., nee DC). — Amphodns Lindi., in Sot. Meg., 
 PI. Asicii. Ear., t. 241. — Walp., Ann., 553. t. 1101. — Zich/a HusG., Pot. Arch., t. 1. 
 
 * Jam., 290.— Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ, iii. 1238, t. Plvysolobium HuEG., loc. cit., t. 2. 
 
 25. — DC, Prodr., ii. 382. — B. H., Gen., 830, n. ' Benth., in Sueg. En%m., 40. — Endl., Gen., 
 
 197. "• 6644.— B. H., Gen., 530, n. 198. 
 
LBGUMINOS^-FAPILIONAGBM. 245 
 
 twining; leaves pinnate, 3-5- or more rarely 1-f'oliolate, stipellate; 
 stipules striated, free or connate; flowers' in simple or branched, 
 rarely 1 -flowered, terminal or axillary, racemes ; bracts of variable 
 form ; bractlets 0' {Australicf). 
 
 32. Dumasia DC.^ — Flowers almost those of Kennedya; calyx 
 slightly gibbous posteriorly at base, obliquely truncate at mouth ; 
 teeth scarcely projecting or inconspicuous. Standard obovate 2- 
 auriculate.* Grermen oo-ovulate, surmounted at base by a disk 
 produced into a tube ; style dilated at middle, tapering at apex and 
 base ; stigma capitate terminal. Legume subsessile compressed 
 2-valved. — Twining herbs; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipeUate; 
 stipules setaceous or striated ; flowers^ in axillary racemes, solitary or 
 in pairs in axils of each of narrow bracts, bractlets 2 below flower, 
 narrow {Tropical Asia and Africa^. 
 
 33. Amphicarpa Ell.' — Eeceptacle a little concave, lined by a 
 disk produced into a tube round gynseceum. Calyx gamosepalous 
 tubular; teeth 4, 5, subequal subvalvate. Standard obovate erect, 
 dilated above claw with or without small inflexed auricular appen- 
 dages, plaited and usually reflexed laterally; wings falcate-oblong 
 more or less adhering to keel ; keel about equal to or a little shorter 
 than wings, more or less curved, obtuse.' Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; vexillary stamen free ; anthers uniform. Germen shortly 
 stipitate, ex -ovulate; style inflexed slender beardless; apex capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear or falcate, compressed, continuous 
 within, 2-valved. Seeds subglobose or a little compressed, exarillate. 
 
 ' Red, violet, or blackish. aurioiilate appendages are certainly longer tlian 
 
 ^ Sections 3 : Kennedya, PJiysolobvwm, Zichya, in Amphicarpa. 
 formerly considered as genera by Bentham {Ann. * Yellow (or violet ?). 
 
 Wien. Mus., ii. 122), but now, in his own opinion ' Species 2 or 3. Benth., in Arm. Wien. 
 
 (Gfe».,531),scarcelytobeseparatedfromeachother. Mus., ii. 112, — WiOht, Icon., t. 445. — Bot. 
 
 ' Species about 14. Gattdich., in Freycin. Meg., t. 961 (text. 962). — Walp., Rep., i. 750 ; 
 
 Voy., Bot., 113. — Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 246, Ann., iv. 551. 
 
 248.— Sweet, Fl. Austral., t. 'i%.—Bot. Reg., s Jq jaurn. Ac. Sc. Philad. (1818), i. 372.— 
 
 t. 298, 944, 1336, 1526, 1718, 1790, 1838, TSVTT., Gen. Amer.,n.ll3.—AmpMcarpcBa DC, 
 
 1845, 1862; (1839), t. 52,- (1840), t. 60; Mem. Legum., ix. ; Prodr., ii. 383.— EifM., 
 
 (1842), t. 68.— Bot. Mag., t. 263, 268, 278, Gem., n. 6630.— B. H., Gen., 529, n. 193.— 
 
 2169. — Walp., Ann., iv. 552. Savia Kakn.. in N. York Med. Repos., ii. hex. 
 
 * In Arm. Se. Nat., ser. 1, iv. 96; Mem. v. 350 (uec W.). — Xypherus Kawn., in Journ. 
 
 Legum., vi. t. 44, 45 ; Prod/r., li. 241. — Endi., Pkys., Ixxxix. 'im.—Falcata Gmel., Syst., ii. 
 
 Gen., n. 6631.— B. H., Gen., 529, n. 194. U31.—Cryptolobus Spbeh&., Syst, iii. 218 
 
 ' The standard is said to be exaurioulate (B. H., (part.). 
 Gen., 451, u. 194), but in D. villosa DC. the ' Flowers sometimes apetalous. 
 
246 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 — Twining herbs; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate ; stipules 
 membranous striated ; flowers' in axillary racemes or solitary axil- 
 lary ; bractlets or small setaceous {North America, Northern India, 
 Japan^. 
 
 S4. Cologania K.' — "Flowers of Amphicarpm ; lobes or teeth of 
 calyx 5 ; 2 superior considerably or almost entirely connate ; lowest 
 longer. Standard exauriculate.^ Germen stipitate ; stigma terminal 
 capitate. Legume linear compressed or curved, Seeds of variable 
 form, bilum oblong. — Twining Herbs ; leaves pinnate, 3 or rarely 
 1-5-foliolate, stipellate ; stipules minute or striated ; flowers^ in a 
 short raceme or solitary or fascicled at axils ; bracts and bractlets 
 usually linear or setaceous persistent {Tropical and Andine America, 
 Mexico''). 
 
 35. Periandra Mart.' — Flowers of Kennedy a or CUtoria ; recep- 
 tacle and calyx subcampanulate shorter than in these ; lobes of calyx 
 unequal ; lowest usually longer ; 2 highest more or less connate. 
 Petals dissimilar ; standard broadly obovate or suborbicular, with 
 short curved plaited claw ; wings oblique ; keel broad, slightly 
 shorter than wings. Stamens 10 (of CUtoria) ; vexillary stamen 
 sometimes more or less connate with the others. Germen subsessile 
 00 -ovulate ; style subclavate at apex, beardless. Legume linear 
 plano-compregsed, with both sutures thickened, 2-valved. Seeds 
 exarillate compressed. — Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining ; leaves 
 8-foliolate (lower leaves more rarely 1-foliolate), stipellate; stipules 
 striated ; peduncles axillary 1-3-flowered or at extremities of branches 
 racemose ; bracts in pairs, stipuliform, free or connate ; bractlets 
 larger, appressed to flower,* striated persistent {Tropical America'). 
 
 ' White, violet, or blue. 6 violet or red. 
 
 2 Species about 7. Wendl., in Umm. Arch., ^ Species about 4. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. ef 
 iii. t. 2.— ToEE. & Gb., M. K Amer., i. 291.— S^ec, vi, 411. — Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 
 Bekth., in Am. Wien. Mus., ii. 112 ; in PI. 112. — Mattnd., Botan., t. 110. — Bot. Reg., t. 
 Jiingh., i. 231.— Waip., Sep., i. V50. 1418.— Walp., Hep., i. 751 (part.) ; Ann., iv. 
 
 3 iifjmo«.,204,t.57, 58.— DC, Fro*., ii.236. 551. 
 
 — Endl., G'en,,n.6633. — B. H. ,(?«»., 529, n. 192. ' Ex Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus.,\\. 120; 
 
 * Flowers apetalous in Ma/rtia mexicana Gen., 528, n. 190. — Endi,., Gen., n. 6639. 
 
 Zucc. (in AiTi. Miinch. AkaA., i. 339, t. 14, 15), « giyg ^^ scarlet ; handsome, 
 
 which, according to Bentham {^oc. cii.), is a ' Species 5, Brazilian. Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 species of Cologania. This genus is scarcely to Bras., Papil., 135, t. 35, 36. — DC., Prodr., ii. 
 
 be distinguished from Amphiearpa by its exauri- 235 {Clitoriai sect. Glgcinopsis). — Walp., Bep., 
 
 culate standard. The calyx is identical in some i. 756. Specips 1 (doubtful) Dominican. ' 
 species. 
 
LBGUMINOB^-PAFILIONAGB^. 247 
 
 36. Centrosema DC — Flowers oiPeriandra; standard dorsally 
 spurred, or more rarely more or less gibbous {Vexillaria') near base. 
 Grermen subsessile, oo-ovulate, style curved ; apex more or less dilated, 
 sligbtly bearded round terminal stigma. Legume subsessile ; both, 
 sutures tbickened ; valves traversed on eacb side by a ratber promi- 
 nent vein not far from margin, or winged close to anterior suture. — 
 Herbs or undersbrubs, twining or prostrate ; leaves pinnate, or more 
 rarely subdigitate, 3- or more rarely, I- or 5-7- foUolate, stipellate; 
 stipules striated persistent; flowers' axillary ; peduncles 1- oo -flowered, 
 solitary or in pairs; bracts stipuliform in pairs; superior bracts 
 connate striated ; pedicels solitary or in pairs ; bractlets appressed 
 to flower, persistent, ratber large {South, Central* and North America, 
 Java^). 
 
 37. Clitoria L.° — Eeceptacle concave, lined by a disk. Calyx 
 gamosepalous tubular ; lobes 5, nearly equal, or 2 superior connate 
 lor a considerable distance, or lowest narrower. Petals usually very 
 unequal ; standard large, erect, emarginate ; wings oblong subfal- 
 cate, spreading, more or less adhering to keel ; keel curved acute, often 
 much shorter than wings. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1 ); anthers 
 uniform. Germen stipitate, oo-ovulate ; style curved, longitudinally 
 bearded interiorly ; apex stigmatiferous, more or less dilated. Legume 
 stipitate linear-compressed; sutures 1 or 3 slightly thickened ; faces 
 bare or traversed by a rather prominent longitudinal rib {Neurocar- 
 purrO) ; continuous or membranous, stufied within, 2-valved. Seeds 
 somewhat compressed, exarillate. — Herbs or shrubs,* erect or twining; 
 leaves pinnate,l-3-foliolate(iVe«roca?20Mra) or 3-foliolate {Clitorianthei), 
 more rarely 5-y-foliolate [Ternatea^°), almost always stipellate; stipules 
 
 • PTOdj-.jii. 234 (CfoVoHffi sect. iii.). — Beitth., n. 6635. — B. H., Gen., 528, n. 191.— ClUorius 
 in Ann. Wien.Mus.,n. 117 ; Oen.,52'7,rt.lS9. — Petit., in Ra^ Sisi., in. — Namhea Desc, in 
 Endl., Gen., n. 6638. — Crtmiinium Destx., in Mem. Soc. Liwn. Par., iv. 3, fc. 1. 
 
 Ann. So. Nat., ser. 1, ix. 423. — Steganotropis ' Destx., in Jowrn. Bot., i. (iii.) 75. — K., 
 
 Lehm., Ind. Sent. Sort. Hambwg. (1826). Mimos., t. 59, 60. — Pbesl, Symbol., t. 9. — 
 
 ' Benth., in Arm. Wien. Mtis., ii. 117. — Endi., Gen., n. 6636. — Martia Leahde., in 
 
 Pilantkus PoiT., ex Endi., Gen., n. 6637. — Denksr. Acad. Munch., vii. 233, t. 12 (nee 
 
 Platysema HoiPM., ex Benth., loc. cit., 122. Benth.). — Zirco., in Alhand. Mwach., i. 337 
 
 ' Whitish, pink, violet, or bluish ; handsome. (part.). — Martiusia Schult., Mwnt., i. 69. — 
 
 * Species about 25. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et DC, Prodr., ii. 236 (nee Benth.). 
 
 t. 591. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. Pros., ' Species about 25. 
 
 Papil., 125, t. 84. — Bot. Reg., t. 268, 1047. ' Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras. Papil., t. 32, 
 
 ' Species 1, introduced. 33 ; Gen., 529. 
 
 5 Gen., n. 869.— Gjsrtn., Fruct., ii. 321, t. '" T., in Act. Acad. Par. (1706), t. 1.— 
 
 149. — DC, Prodr., ii. 233 (part.). — Ekbl., Gen., H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 415. 
 
248 NATURAL EIST0B7 OF PLANTS. 
 
 persistent striated; flowers' 1, 2, or oo at each axil, in crowded 
 racemes; pedicels often geminate ; bracts stipuliform persistent, free 
 or variably connate ; bractlets 2, lateral below flower, usually larger 
 membranous striated, persistent {All hot regioni). 
 
 38? Platycyamus Benth.' — "Lobes of calyx short, 2 superior 
 connate into one, emarginate. Standard suborbicular, narrowed and 
 without appendages at base ; wings falcate oblong ; keel about equal 
 to wings ; petals free. Stamens, vexillary free, remainder connate ; 
 anthers uniform. Grermen sessile, co -ovulate ; style filiform curved 
 beardless ; stigma small terminal. Legume^ large, broadly linear 
 piano-compressed, 2-valved ; superior suture, winged. Seeds broad 
 reniform piano-compressed estrophiolate. — Stem woody (arborescent ? 
 or high climbing ?) ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate ; leaflets 
 large ; stipules deciduous or 0. Flowers' rather large, racemose 
 along branches of a terminal panicle, one flower to each bract. 
 Bracts small deciduous; bractlets minute, very caducous" {Brazil^). 
 
 39. Dioclea H.B.K.' — Eeceptacle obconical oblique lined by a 
 glandular disk somewhat projecting round gynseceum. Calyx gamo- 
 sepalous subgibbous ; lobes 4 (2 superior connate into one broader 
 entire), much imbricated. Standard orbicular or reflexed, furnished 
 at base with inflexed auriculate appendages, and sometimes with 
 2 interior scales ; wings obovate or oblong, equal to or a little 
 shorter than keel, free ; keel curved, obtuse or beaked. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous; vexillary stamen free at base, higher more or less 
 connate with remainder ; 9 filaments connate into a sheath, oblique 
 at base, broadly cleft dor sally; anthers uniform, or 5 alternate 
 smaller efiete {Pachylohium, Platylohium). Germen shortly stipitate 
 2- oc -ovulate ; style curved beardless, thickened or dilated at apex ; 
 stigma evenly or obliquely truncate, terminal often pulpy. Legume 
 
 • Bine, red, or white ; handsome. a genus, as before observed, anomalous among 
 ' Vent., Ch. de Plant., t. 26. — Bot. Mag., t. CasalpirdeeB. See pp. 92, 170. 
 
 1542, 2111, 3165. — Benth., in Atm. Wien. ' " Red (?)." 
 
 Mus., ii. 114 ; in Jowrn. Limn. Soc, ii. 33 ; in « Species 1. P. Megnellii Bbnth., he. cit. 
 
 Mart. Fl. Bras., Pa/pil., t. 31-33 ; M. Austral., 1 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 437 (neo Speeno.). 
 
 ii. 242. — Bakee, in OUv. Fl. TVop. Afr., ii. DC, Frodr., ii. 403. — Ekdl., Gen., n. 6662. 
 
 , 176. B. H., Gen., 536, n. 216. — Hymenospron Spbeng., 
 
 3 In Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., 323. — B. H., Syst., Cur. Post, 283. — Crepidotropis Waip., 
 
 Oen., 531, n. 200. in lAmuBa, xiv. 296. — Trichodoum P. Beaut., 
 
 * " Entirely that of Phyllocwrpu^' (Behth.), ex H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 228. 
 
LHQUMINOa^-PAPILIONAOEJE. 249 
 
 linear-oblong or semiorbioular or subreniform, piano-compressed or 
 rather turgid, coriaceous ; botb sutures shortly winged or superior 
 suture thickened, dilated j stuffed within between seeds, 2-valved. 
 Seeds suborbicular or shortly reniform, compressed ; hUum short 
 or linear long, more or less thickened or fleshy subarillate. — Shrubs 
 or undershrubs, twining; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate; 
 stipules usually small, sometimes subglandular and rather prominent;' 
 flowers^ in usually elongated terminal racemes, fascicled in axil of 
 each of very caducous bracts ; rachis of fascicle node-like, sessile or 
 shortly supported on an incurved partial peduncle ; bractlets caducous 
 {Tropical America^ Asia, and Africa'). 
 
 40. Camptosema Hook. & Arn.^ — Flowers almost those" of Bio- 
 clea ; calyx tubular or more rarely campanulate ; lobes 4, imbri- 
 cated. Standard ovate or oblong [Bionia), more rarely orbiculate 
 {Cratylia). Stamens 10, 2-adelphous at base ; vexillary stamen more 
 or less connate with remainder at middle. Germen stipitate cc-ovu- 
 late ; style subulate ; stigma terminal minute {Bionia) or capitate 
 [Cratylia). Legume stipitate piano-compressed 2-valved; sutures 
 scarcely thickened.' — -Shrubs or undershrubs, twining or more rarely 
 suberect ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate, more rarely 1 -5-7-foliolate, 
 stipellate ; flowers' arranged as in Bioclea ; bracts and bractlets small, 
 usually deciduous {South America^). 
 
 41. Cleobulia Mart.' — Flowers oi Bioclea, smaller ; wings dwarfed 
 apex of style dilated truncate beardless ; stigma subdorsal. Legume 
 broadly linear, compressed; superior suture scarcely thickened.'" — 
 A twining shrub ; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate, stipellate ; stipules small, 
 not produced at base ; flowers in long racemes, densely fascicled in 
 
 ' In section Flatt/lobium small, entire at base; Ann. Wien. Mus., loc. cit., 131. — Endl., Gen., 
 
 in section FacTiylobimm produced below insertion; n. 6661. — B. H., Gen., 536, n. 215. 
 in section Hudioelea (Benth.), not produced. ^ Handsome j wliite, scarlet, or pinkish-purple 
 
 " White, blue, or violet. (almost hke those of Cymbosema, p. 237). 
 
 •' New- World species about 18. Benth., in ' This genus, almost intermediate between 
 
 Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., 161, t. 44. — Walp., Bioclea and section Collaea of Galactia, differs 
 
 Sep., V. 533 ; Ann., iv. 555. from both by its stipitate germen and legume. 
 
 * New- World species 2 or 3. Thw., Unitm. ^ Species about 15. Bbnih., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 Fl. Zeyl., 412.— Hook., Niger, 306.— Bakbe, Bras., Faipil., 154, 158, 325, t. 41-43.— Paxt., 
 
 in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 189. Mag., iii. 26, \con.—Bot. Mag., t. 4608. 
 
 5 Bot. Misc., iii. 200. — Endi., Gen., n. 6659. — ' Ex Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mm., ii. 131. — 
 
 B. H.,; Gen., 536, n. 2\i.— Bionia Maet., ex Endl., Gen., ii. 6660.— B. H., Gen., 537, n. 217. 
 Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 130. — Endl., '" This genus is otherwise scarcely to he dis- 
 
 Gen., n. 6658,— Cratylia Mart., ex Benth., in tinguished from section Fudioclea of Dioclea. 
 
250 NATURAL SISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 axil of each bract ; rachis of fascicle node-like ; bracts and bractlets 
 small caducous {Brazil'). 
 
 42. Pueraria DO.^ — Eeceptacle somewhat concave lined by a 
 disk, slightly projecting gynseceum. Calyx gamosepalous to a con- 
 siderable height; lobes or teeth 5, usually very unequal, imbricated ; 
 2 superior connate into one 2-toothed or subentire. Petals very 
 dissimilar; standard orbicular or obovate, 2-auriculate ; wings 
 narrowed for some distance from base, obliquely subfalcate ; keel of 
 variable form, about equal to wings. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; vexillary stamen free or, connate with remainder to a variable 
 height ; anthers uniform. Germen subsessile co-ovulate ; style 
 inflexed or curved, glabrous ; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume 
 elongated, more or less membranous or thick, compressed or subterete, 
 continuous or stuffed within, 2-valved. Seeds variable. — Shrubs or 
 undershrubs, high twining; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipellate; 
 stipules herbaceous ;' flowers" in few-flowered cymes, one in axil of 
 each bract, arranged along axillary or terminal branched racemes ; 
 bracts small caducous ; pedicels articulated ; bractlets small elevated 
 close to flower, caducous or persistent, closely applied to calyx 
 {Tropical Asia, Japan''). 
 
 43. Canavali Adams.* — Eeceptacle more or less concave, lined by 
 a disk produced round germen into a usually crenate ring. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; lobes 5, very unequal, connate into 2 lips ; superior 
 lip large or very large, 2-lobed or truncated ; lower lip usually very 
 small, 3-lobed or subentire ; {estivation imbricated. Corolla almost 
 that of Phaseolus ; standard large, suborbicular or broadly obovate, 
 refiexed; wings free, falcate or a little twisted; keel broader than 
 wings, obtuse or obtusely beaked, curved or inflexed or spirally 
 twisted.' Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) at base; vexillary stamen 
 
 ' Benth , in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., W7, t. * Fam. des Fl., ii. 325. — Ccmavalia DC, 
 
 45. Mem. Legvm., 375 ; Prod/r., ii. 404. — Endl., 
 
 3 In Arm. So. Nat, ser. 1, iv. 97 j Frodr., ii. Gen., n. 6663.— B. H., Gen., 537, n. 219.— 
 
 240 ; Mem. Legum., 252, t. 43. — Endl., Gen. Clementea Cat., in Ann. Scienc. Wat., vii. 63, t. 
 
 n. 6632. — B. H., Gen., 537, n. 218. — Ifeustan- 4/J. — Speeng., , Syst., 584. — Malocchia Sati, 
 
 thus Benth., in Flant. Jimgh., i. 234. , Mem. Phaseol., iii. 1. — Wenderothia Schltl., in 
 
 3 Sometimes produced below insertion. Lmncea, xii. 330. 
 
 " Blue, violet, or purplish. ' This genus is divided into two sections, ac- 
 
 5 Species about 10. WiaHT, Icon., t. 412 cording to the character of the perianth, as 
 
 (part.). MlQ., Fl. Ind. Bat., i. p. 1, t. 4. — follows : " 1. Cochlitropis, Superior lip of calyx 
 
 Benth., in Journ, Lirm. Soc, ix. 121. truncate, and often acuminate. Standard with- 
 
LEGUmmOSm-PAPILIONAOEm. 251 
 
 afterwards connate with remainder ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 sessile or very shortly stipitate, cr -ovulate ; style curved or involute 
 beardless ; apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong 
 or broadly linear, neck slightly arched or nearly straight, compressed 
 or rather turgid ; superior suture produced at both ends into a wing 
 or longitudinal rib ; usually membranous stuffed within between 
 seeds, finally (usually by elasticity) 2-valved. Seeds (often large) 
 nearly round, ovate, or long-ellipsoidal, slightly compressed ; hilum 
 linear elongated; radicle inflexed, usually slightly compressed. — 
 Herbs, twining or prostrate ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate stipeUate ; 
 stipules small or minute, wart-like or gland-like ; flowers' in axillary 
 racemes, subsolitary or oftener fascicled in axil of each bract ; rachis 
 of fascicle node-like ; bracts and bractlets caducous small {All warm 
 regionf). 
 
 44. Cajanus DC — Eeceptacle concave, lined by a disk produced 
 into a short unequally crenulate sheath round base of gynseceum. 
 Standard suborbicular reflexed, furnished with inflexed auriculate 
 appendages at base, wings oblique ; keel curved at apex, obtuse. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1),- vexillary stamen wholly free; 
 anthers uniform. Grermen subsessile Gc-ovulate ; style thin, thickened 
 above middle, glabrous; apex obliquely capitate, stigmatiferous. 
 Legume linear compressed, obliquely acute at apex, depressed outside 
 in oblique linear dents between seeds, spuriously celled within ; cells 
 GO, 1 -seeded. Seeds subspherical, slightly compressed ; hilum 
 lateral oblong, thickened into a small longitudinally furrowed aril. — 
 An erect undershrub ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate exstipellate ; leaflets 
 usually tomentose and sprinkled with minute resinous dots ; stipules 
 long subulate caducous ; flowers" in axillary pedunculate racemes, 
 scattered along the rachis ; rachis not node-like ; bracts caducous ; 
 bractlets {All Jiot regioni). 
 
 out appendages. Keel prodaced into an inflexed Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fwpil., 1^5, t. 48 
 
 or spiral beak. — 2. MaloccMa. Superior lip of Bot. Mag., t. 1199. — Bakek, in Oliv. M. Trap. 
 
 calyx 2-Iobed. Standard with auriculate ap- Afr., ii. 189. — Walp., Rep., i. 765. 
 
 pendages. Keel curved, obtuse, without beak" ^ DC, Cat. Sort. Monspel., 85 ; Frodr., ii. 
 
 (Benth.). 406.— Endl., Gen., n. 6686.— B. H., Oen., 541, 
 
 ' Large, handsame ; whitish, pink, or purple- n. 228. — Cajan Adans., Fam. des Fl., ii. 326. — 
 
 violet. Dup.-Th., in Diet. Sc. Nat., vi. 166. 
 
 ^ Jaoq., Icon. Ear., t. 559, 550 ; Sort. * Yellow or pnrple-striped. 
 
 Schoenbr., t. 221. — Wight, Icon., t. 753. — * Species 1, widely cultivated (Asiatic ?), C. 
 
 Gaudich,, Vo^, Frewin., Bot., t. 113, -i indieus SpifENa., Syst., ii. 248. — Bakeb, in 
 
252 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 45. Fagelia Neck.' — Flowers almost those of Cajanus ; calyx- 
 lobes acuminate ; 2 superior connate for a mucli shorter distance. 
 Corolla and stamens of Cajanm. Grermen sessile 2-x> -ovulate ; style 
 inflexed at middle, filiform or rather thick ; stigma minute terminal. 
 Legume oblong-falcate, rather turgid, acute, continuous within, 
 a little depressed outside between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds ovoid ; 
 hilum short lateral, thickened into a rather fleshy aril.^ — A twining 
 herb, suffrutescent at base, glutinous fetid; leaves of Cajanus; 
 stipules striated ; flowers' in axillary racemes ; bracts ovate caducous ; 
 bractlets [Southern Jfrica*). 
 
 46. Atylosia Wight & Abn.'— Flowers almost those of Cajanus; 
 calyx-lobes elongated or acuminate 2 superior connate into one entire 
 or more or less 2-toothed. Corolla and stamens of Cajanus. 
 Grermen sessile 2-qo -ovulate ; style inflexed at middle, slender or 
 slightly thickened at middle ; apex small capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume oblong or linear, obtuse or shortly acuminate, compressed 
 transversely or obliquely septate and depressed outside in linear 
 dents between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds orbicular or ovate ; hilum 
 dilated round minute funicle into a fleshy aril. — Herbs or shrubs, 
 twining or erect ; leaves pinnate or more rarely subdigitate, 3-folio- 
 late ; leaflets with resinous dots on under surface ; stipules minute 
 persistent ; flowers" either axiUary fascicled, or in a simple or 
 branched short pedunculate raceme composed of irregularly aggre- 
 gated fascicles ; bracts rather broad, deciduous ; bractlets very small 
 or {Tropical Asia and AustraJia^). 
 
 OUv. M. Trap. Afr., ii. 216. — C. flaws DC, Legum. (part.), t. 41. — Canthcu-ospermum 
 
 loc. cit. — C. bicolor DC, loc. cit. — Ct/tistis Wight & Aen., op. cit., 255. 
 
 Cajwn L., Spec, 1041. — Lamk., Diet., ii. 249. « Yellow. 
 
 — C. Fseiido-Cajcm Jaoq., Sort. Vindob., ii. t. ' Benth., in Flant. Jungh., i. 213; Fl. 
 
 119. Austral., ii. 262. This eminent writer divides 
 
 ' Elem., n. 1257. — G^btn., Fntct., ii. t. the genus into three sections, as follows : — " 1. 
 
 261. — DC, Frodr., ii. 389. — Endl., Qen., n. Atylia. Corolla marcescent, late persistent. 
 
 6685. — B. H., Qen., 541, n. 229. Legume coriaceous, with red bristles, depressed, 
 
 2 Whence this genus seems scarcely to be but scarcely dented between seeds. DC, Mem. 
 
 distinct from Cajarms. Legvm., t. 41 (ColltBa); — Wight, Icon., t. 93, 
 
 ' Tellow, rather large. 754.) — 2. Cantharospermvm. Corolla usually 
 
 * Species 1. -F. hituminosa DC — Habt. & deciduous. Legume coriaceous tomentose, and 
 
 SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 217. — £ot. Seg., t. 261. — at the same time often pilose, deeply marked by 
 
 Glycine bituminosa L., Spec, 1024. — Lamk., transverse lines between seeds. (Jacq. y., Fcl., 
 
 JW., t. 609, fig. 2. — Oh/cine viscosa Masos. — t. 152 (Dolichos) ; — Cantharospermum Wight 
 
 Crotalaria glydnea Lamk., Diet., ii. 200. — & Aen., Prod/r., 2h?t.) — 3. Uhynchosioides. 
 
 Dolichos hirtus hort., ex DC. Corolla deciduous. Legume broad, flat, trans- 
 
 ' Proda:, 257. — Eudl., Q-en., n. 6687. — versely reticulated, marked by slightly depressed 
 
 B. H., Gen., 542, n. 231. — Colleea DC, Mem. trausverse lines between seeds." 
 
LEGUMINOSM-PAFILIONAGE^. 253 
 
 47. Dunbaria Wight & Arn/ — Eeceptacle scarcely concave, lined 
 by a glandular disk slightly projecting round ovary. Calyx mem- 
 branous gamosepalous ; lobes 5, unequal acute ; 2 superior connate 
 to a variable height ; lowest usually longest. Corolla" and stamens 
 of Cajanus. Grermen sessile co-ovulate ; style slender or slightly 
 thickened, inflexed at middle, more or less pilose below small ter- 
 minal capitate stigma. Legume linear, straight or falcate, piano- 
 compressed continuous acuminate, subseptate within, 2-valved. 
 Seeds suborbicular ; funicle expanded near oblong or short hilum 
 into a rather thick membranous arU. — Herbs, prostrate or twining, 
 usually tomentose ; leaves pinnate 2-foliolate exstipellate ; flowers^ 
 in axillary pedunculate racemes, solitary or in pairs along the not node- 
 like rachis, rarely solitary at axils ; bracts membranous deciduous ; 
 bractlets {Tropical Asia, Australia*). 
 
 48. Cylista Att.° — Flowers of Rhynchosia ; calyx membranous 
 scarious veined, finally much enlarged ; lobes 4 ; highest connate 
 into one broad, subentire or emarginate ; 2 lateral shorter, lowest 
 very large, concave, usually obtuse. Germen subsessile 1, 2-ovulate, 
 style slender ; apex minute capitate stigmatiferous. Legume falcate- 
 ovate, included by enlarged calyx, 1 -seeded, 2-valved. Seed ex- 
 arillate. — A twining undershrub; habit and other characters of 
 Rhynchosia; racemes axillary {East Indies^). 
 
 49. Rhynchosia Lour.' — Flowers almost those of Cajanus or 
 Atylosia, usually smaller ; calyx-lobes unchanged after anthesis ; 2 
 posterior connate to a variable height. Petals and stamens of 
 
 ' Prod/r., 258.— Enbi,., &en., n. 6682.— ~ Fl. Coch.,4S0.—X)C., Frodr.,\\.Zm{'p&vi,.). 
 
 B. H., Qm., 541, n. 230. — Enbi., Gen., n. 6692. — B. H., Q-en., 542, n. 
 
 ' From which the genus is divided into two 233. — Cyanospermum Wi&ht & Akn., Frodr., 
 
 sections hy Bentham, as follows : — "1. Hudun- 259. — WiaHT, III., t. 81 (84). — Ehdl., Gen,., 
 
 Iwria. Corolla marcescent, persistent round frnit. n. 6695. — Nomismia Wight & Aks., Frodr., 
 
 —2. Ryncholahmm. Corolla finally deciduous." 236. — Wight, Ic, t. 283, 295. — Arcyphyllum 
 
 ' " Usually yellow." . . Eli., in Joum. Acad. Fhil., i. 371. — DC, Mem. 
 
 * Species ahout 12. Benth., in Fl. Jtitigh., Legum., t. 55. — Fitcheria Nutt., in Jov/rn. 
 
 i. 242 ; Fl. Amtral., ii. — MlQ., Fl. Ind. Bat., i. Acad. Fhil., vii. 93. — Folytropia Phesi, Symh., 
 
 p. i. 177. — Walp., Awn., iv. 565. 21, t. 13. — Midrosia E. Met., Comm. Fl. Afric, 
 
 ' Sort. Kew., ed. 1, iii. 512. — DC, Frodr., 89 Orthodammn E. Met., op. cit., 131. 
 
 ii. 410 (part.). — Endl., Gen., n. 6694 (part.). — ^Endi., Gen., -a. 6690. — Copisma E. Met., op. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 542, n. 232. cit., 133. — Chrysoacias E. Met., op. cit, 
 
 ° Species 1. C. scmiosa All., loc. cit. — RoxB., 139. — Sigmodostyles Meissn., in Sbok. Joum,, 
 
 Fl. Coromcmd., i. t. 92.— DC, loc. cit., u. 1.— ii. 98. 
 Wight, Icon,, t. 1597. 
 
254 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Cajanus. Grermen subsessile, 1-2-ovulate ; ovules descending ; 
 micropyle extrorse superior ; raphe somewhat thick ; style slender 
 or thickened/ curved above ; apex minute capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume compressed oblique suborbicular, oblong or slightly falcate, 
 1 - or oftener 2-seeded, continuous or more rarely septate within, 2- 
 valved. Seeds subglobose or compressed, more rarely subreniform ; 
 hilum lateral or subhorizontal and superior, short or oblong, dilated 
 into a small or rudimentary aril ; funicle subcentral or oblique.^ — 
 Herbs or undershrubs, prostrate, erect, or oftener twining ; leaves 
 pinnate or more rarely subdigitate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets sprinkled 
 with resinous dots on under surface ; stipellae minute or ; stipules 
 ovate or lanceolate ; flowers^ in axillary racemes, solitary or in 
 pairs along rachis; bracts caducous; bractlets {All hotter 
 regions*'). 
 
 50 ? Eriosema Desvx.' — Flowers almost those of Bhynchosia, 
 calyx-lobes 5, all distinct or 2 superior shortly connate. Keel curved 
 at apex, obtuse. Stamens 2-adelphous (of Rhynchosia). Germen 
 sessile or subsessile ; ovules 2, descending ; style filiform or slightly 
 thickened at apex ; apex often curved, minutely capitate, stig- 
 matiferous. Legume of Mhynchosia, continuous or nearly con- 
 tinuous within, 1-3-seeded, 2-valved. Seeds oblique or transverse ; 
 hilum linear superior, more or less thickened ; funicle subhorizontal, 
 attached at internal extremity of hilum. — Herbs or undershrubs, 
 prostrate, erect, or rarely twining ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate, usually 
 exstipellate ; leaflets usually narrowed, sprinkled with resinous dots" 
 on under surface ; stipules narrow, free or connate into one super- 
 posed to leaf ; flowers' in axillary racemes, solitary or in pairs along 
 
 ■ More thickened in Sigmociostylis. EiCH., M. Abyss. Tent., t. 43. — Hook., Icon., 
 
 '^ Behtham divides this genus, according to t. 189; Uxot. Fl., t. 201. — Bot. Mag., t. 1859, 
 
 the characters of hilum, aril, and funicle, into 11 2284. — Sot. Ueg., t. 275. — Benth., in Mart. 
 
 sections, as follows : — M. Bras., Fapil., 200, t. 54 ; Fl. Austral., ii. 
 
 a. Aril thick, fleshy (3 sections : Nomismia, 265. — Thw., Ermm. Fl. Zeyl., 412. — Seem., 
 
 Fhyllomatia [Wi&ht. & Aek.], Ptydwcentron Herald, t. 20. — Hart. & Sond., Fl. Cap., ii. 
 
 Wight & Aen.). 247. — Bakee, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 216, — 
 
 h. Funicle expanded into a membrane covering Walp., S.ep., i. 785 ; v. 540 ; Ann., i. 252 ; ii. 
 
 the hilum, but not truly arillate (8 sections : 434 ; iv. 567. 
 
 Orthodanum, Chrysoscias, ArcypTiylVam, Gyano- * In Ann. 8c. Nat., s^r. 1, ix. 421 (err. 
 
 spermvm, Fseudoccyam (Benth.), Copisma, Foly- Furiosma). — DC, Frodr., ii. 388 (ShynchosicB 
 
 ■tropia). § 3)- — Enbl., Gen., n. 6691. — Fyrrhotrichia 
 
 ^ Yellow or purple, often with dark stripes. Wight & Aen., Frodr., i. 238, not. 
 
 * KOXB., Fl. Coromamd., t. 221. — Jacq., Ic. ^ Less conspicuous than in RJiynchosia. 
 
 Ear., t. 146. — Jacqttbm., Voy. Bot., t. 54. — A. ' Yellow, usually small. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACE^. 255 
 
 rachis, more rarely solitary or few in each axil' {Tropical America, 
 Asia, Australia, and Africa^. 
 
 51. Flemingia Eoxb.' — Flowers almost those of Briosema, calyx- 
 lobes nearly equal or lowest lobe longer, nearly free, often falcate. 
 CoroUa and stamens of Mhynchosia. German sessile or shortly 
 stipitate, short ; ovules 3, descending ; style filiform or rather 
 thickened above ; apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 short oblique turgid, continuous within, 1-2-seeded, 2-valved. 
 Seeds somewhat thick, hilum short exarillate. — Herbs, undershrubs, 
 or shrubs ; erect, prostrate, or more rarely twining ; leaves 1-3-folio- 
 late exstipellate ; veins prominent on under surface ; stipules striated 
 usually caducous ; flowers^ racemose, racemes branched {Ostryodium^ 
 Chalaria^), or dense spike-like or capitate, axillary or terminal 
 {Flemingiastrum^) ; bracts sometimes small {Chalarid) ; oftener dry 
 striated imbricated before anthesis, finally deciduous {Pleminyias- 
 trum) ; more rarely large, reniform or subcucullate, inflated plaited, in- 
 cluding flowers {Ostryodium) ; bractlets {Tropical Asia, Africa, and 
 Australia!^). 
 
 III. GALEGE^. 
 
 52. Galega T. — Flowers irregular resupinate ; receptacle scarcely 
 dilated into a very short slightly glandular cup. Calyx gamose- • 
 palous, scarcely perigynous ; teeth or lobes 5, short, nearly equal, 
 valvate or scarcely imbricated in sestivation. Corolla papilionaceous ; 
 standard obovate-oblong, shortly unguiculate ; wings oblong. 
 
 ' This genus in most cases differs from Whnjn- Q-en., 54i4, n. 235. — MilUngtonia KosB., Mss., 
 
 chosia by the habit of the leaves and stem, but ex Endi. (nee Fl. Ind., i. 102). 
 is scarcely to be properly distinguished by cha- * Eed or purple, mixed with yellow, 
 
 racters taken from the direction of the hilum ^ Dbsti., in Jowm. Sot., i. 119, t. 4, fig. 2. — 
 
 and insertion of the funicle. DC, loc. eit., sect. ii. — Lowrea Jaumb, in Bull. 
 
 2 Species about 40. Attbl., Onion., t. 306 PAiZ.,dec. 1812(necU'E0K.). — MoghcmiaJAVnai, 
 
 (Ct/tism). — H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, t. 572- in Desvx. Jowm. JBot, i. 61. 
 574 (Glyeine). — A. Rich., M. Abyss. Tent.,t. ^ Wi&ht & Ass., Froi/r., i. 241. — Wight, 
 
 44 {Mynchosia). — Benth., Niger, 312 ; in Icon., t. 327. 
 
 Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 207, t. 55, 56. — Kl., ' DC, loo. cit., sect. i. — Lepidoeoma JnuaH., 
 
 in Pet. Moss., Bot., t. 6.— Haev. & Bond., Fl. Seise, ex Flora (1857), 508. 
 Cap., ii. 258. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ' Ait., Sort. Kern., ed. 2, iv. 349. — WiaHT, 
 
 ii. 223. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 226.— Icon., t. 267, 268, 326, 327, 329, 389, 390, 408, 
 
 Walp., Rep., i. 784; v. 540; Ann., ii. 431; iv. 987.— Girai. & Peeb., Fl. Sen. Tent., i. 212, t. 
 
 566. 52 (Mh/nckosia). ■ — Benth., in PI. Jimgh., i. 
 
 ' PI. Coromand., iii. 44, t. 248, 249.— DC, 244; Fl. Amtral., ii. 268.— Bakee, in OUv.Fl. 
 
 Frodr., ii. §51.— Endi,., Gen., n. 6697.— B. H., Trop. Afr., ii. 230.— Walp., Ann., iv. 568. 
 
256 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 slightly adherent to keel; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10, scarcely 
 perigynous, 1-adelphous below; anthers uniform or 5 oppositipe- 
 talous a little shorter. Germen sessile oo-ovulate ; style subulate 
 curved beardless ; apex scarcely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 linear, rather acute, terminated by style, continuous within, 2-valved ; 
 valves thin, obliquely striated, finally twisted. Seeds transversely 
 oblong, attached by middle, exarillate ; embryo exalbuminous ob- 
 long; radicle thick cylindrical, much inflexed. — Herbs, perennial 
 glabrous, erect or bent, usually branched ; leaves alternate impari- 
 pinnate; leaflets entire veined; stipules semi- sagittate or unsym- 
 inetrical, sometimes leaf-like ; flowers in terminal and axillary 
 racemes; bracts narrow, usually persistent; bractlets {Southern 
 Europe, Western Asia). 
 
 53 ? Ptychosema Benth.' — " Calyx turbinate ; lobes nearly equal 
 in length; 2 superior connate into a truncate emarginate lip. 
 Petals with rather long claws ; standard suborbicular emarginate ; 
 wings falcate oblong free ; keel shorter than wings, almost straight, 
 obtuse. Stamens aU connate into a sheath cleft above; anthers 
 uniform. Germen sessile cc-ovulate, style short inflexed; stigma 
 extrorse oblique. Legume .... ? — A herb, small, diffuse, nearly 
 glabrous; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets quite entire, parallelly 
 penniveined on under surface, exstipellate ; stipules small ; pe- 
 duncles (always?) terminal, 1 -flowered,^ bracts 1, 2, at articulation 
 on base of pedicel, bractlets 2 in middle of pedicel" {South- Western 
 Australia^). 
 
 54. Barbieria DC.^ — Calyx long tubular ; lobes acute nearly 
 equal. Petals very unequal ; standard much elongated, subsessile, 
 narrowed at base ; wings and keel (rather longer than wings) fur- 
 nished with long claws. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; filaments 
 finally free, very slender, anthers uniform; connective glandular. 
 Germen sessile ce -ovulate; style long slender, longitudinally bearded 
 within, very shortly curved below apex ; summit slightly dilated, 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear straight piano-compressed, trans- 
 
 • In Lindl. Swan Miv. App., 16. — B. H., ' Species 1. Benth., M. Austral., ii. 201. 
 
 am., 496, 11. 98. " ^em. Legum., 241, t. 39 ; JProdr., ii. 239. 
 
 2 " Flowers violet, judging from a dried — Endl., Qen., n. 6666. — B. H., Q-ea., 495 
 
 specimen." "• ^^- 
 
LEGTIMmOSM-PAPILIONACEM. 257 
 
 versely impressed outside between seeds, septate within. Seeds cx), 
 transversely oblong ; funicle sbort, dilated at lateral hilum. — Shrubs ; 
 leaves imparipinnate stipellate ; stipules subulate persistent ; flowers' 
 racemose, 1-3 in axil of each of subulate bracts, bractlets lateral, 
 similar to calyx-lobes, inserted below flower {Tropical America and 
 West Indies^). 
 
 B5. Peteria A. Gray.' — Eeceptacle widely obconical, lined by 
 a rather thick glandular disk. Calyx tubular, somewhat gibbous 
 above base ; lobes 5, nearly equal, imbricated ; 2 superior conna,te for 
 a considerable distance. Standard oblong, furnished with a long 
 claw, patent at apex, reflexed laterally bare within; wings free, 
 obliquely oblong; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10 ; 9 connate 
 into a sheath, cleft above, vexiUary stamen free at very base ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen stipitate cc-ovulate ; style inflexed, capitate 
 stigmatiferous below apex, bearded all round. Legume linear 
 straight piano-compressed, continuous within, 2-valved; valves 
 coriaceous ; sutures rather thick. Seeds oblong-ovate transverse 
 exarillate. — An undershrub, glabrous rigid branched ; leaves im- 
 paripinnate ; leaflets oo , minute exstipellate ; stipules subulate, often 
 finally spinescent ; racemes slender, terminal or opposite to leaves ; 
 flowers^ scattered ; bracts minute ; bractlets {New Mexico^). 
 
 56. Sylitra E. Met.' — Flowers smaU (of Tephrosia), calyx narrow, 
 3 anterior lobes nearly equal, acute ; 3 superior connate for a con- 
 siderable distance. Standard furnished with a rather long claw; 
 wings falcate, adhering to rather shorter keel. Stamens 10, 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1) at base; vexiUary stamen connate with remainder 
 above into a closed tube; anthers small uniform. Germen 
 sessile oo-ovulate ; style inflexed at apex, beardless ; summit minutely 
 capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong piano-compressed submem- 
 branous inflated (indehiscent). Seeds suborbicular exarillate. — An 
 undershrub, slender hoary ; leaves alternate simple, shortly petiolate, 
 
 » Bed. =■ Fl. Wright., i. 50.— B. H., Gen., 495, n. 95. 
 
 " Species 1. B.pmnata. — B. polyphylla DC, ■* " Yellowish." 
 
 Uc. cit. — P(EPP. & Endi., Jffov. Q-en. ei Spec., ^ Species 1, P. scoparia A. Gbat, loe. cii. — 
 
 iii. t. 264. — Bbnth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Bapil., Walp., Ann., iv. 481. 
 
 t. 9. — Qalaotia pwmata Pees., St/n., ii. 302.— * Comm. Plant. Afric. Amtr., 114 (nee 
 
 ClUoria polgph/Ua PoiE., Diet., Suppl., ii. MffiNOH). — Endi., Gen., a. 6565. — B. H., Gen., 
 
 300. 496, u. 99. 
 
 VOL. II. S 
 
258 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 articulated at base ; stipules minute persistent ; flower shortly 
 pedicellate, axillary in pairs ; bracts minute {Southern Africa}). 
 
 57. Tephrosia Pers.^ — Eeceptacle lined by a more or less promi- 
 nent glandular disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth or lobes nearly 
 equal, or more rarely inferior tooth or lobe longer ; 3 superior connate 
 for a considerable distance. Petals unguiculate; standard sub- 
 orbicular, usually silky or villous outside ; wings oblique, more or 
 less adhering to keel; keel curved. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous; 9 
 lower connate into a tube cleft above ; vexillary stamen more or 
 less connate below with remainder, finally almost always free ; 
 each filament often a little gibbous outside above base ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen sessile 2-ao -ovulate ; style often flattened or 
 dilated, subtubular, rigid " or rather horny," inflexed or curved ; 
 stigma terminal, truncate or offcener penicillate. Legume linear, 
 more rarely ovate, compressed, continuous or imperfectly septate 
 between seeds within, 2-valved. Seeds l~oo , a little compressed, 
 funicle dilated at base or towards apex into a small aril of variable 
 form. — Shrubs or offcener undershrubs or herbs ; leaves imparipinnate, 
 more rarely 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets usually marked by parallel veins 
 oblique to midrib, often silky below ; stipules setaceous or similar to 
 leaves ; inflorescence racemose ; racemes terminal or leaf-opposed 
 or in higher axils, often bearing leaves at base ; flowers^ solitary 
 or often in fascicles of 2-6 in axils of each bract ; bractlets 0" {All 
 Tropical and Sub-tropical regions'). 
 
 ' Species 1. 8. Uflora E. Mey, loo. cit. — the characters of infloreBcenoe and gynseceum, 
 Haev., TAen. Cap., t. 78. — Haet. & Sond., Fl. into 3 sections : — " 1. Brissonia. Racemes axil- 
 Cap., ii. 224. — [Bakee (in Oliv., Fl. Trap. Afr., lary and terminal ; style usually longitudinally 
 
 ii. 103) gives another species, S. angolensis, bearded above, subterete or narrowly flattened. 
 
 which has " digitately trifuliolate leaves."] 2. Seineria. Racemes terminal or opposite to 
 
 2 8yn., ii. 328. — DC, Frod/r., ii. 249 (part.). — leaves; style more or less dilated, bare or bearded; 
 
 EiCDL., 6-en., n. 6589 (part.) — B. H., O-en., 496, stigmausually penicillate. — 3. Reqnienia. Flowers 
 
 n. 100. — Brissonia Neck., Flem., n. 1348. — axillary fascicled ; leaves 1-foliolate ; ovules 1, 2. 
 JReineria McENCH, Swppl., 44. — Xyphocarpus ' Species about 80. H. H. K., Nov. Gfen. et 
 
 PbeSI, Symb., i. 13, t. 7. — Kiesera Reinw., Spec, vi. t. 577. — Vall., P/. .4nffi<. iZor., t. 60. 
 
 Syll. PI. Ratisb., ii. 11. — Reqnienia DC, in WiasT, Icon., t. 370-372, 388. Bbnth., in 
 
 Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, iv. 91; Mem. Legum.,224i, Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 45; Fl. Austral, ii. 
 
 t. 37, 38 ; Prodr., ii. 168. — Endi., Gen., n. 203.— Jaub. & Spaoh, III. PI. Orient., t. 475- 
 
 6471. — Apodynomene E. Met., Comm. PI. Afr. 478 {Pogonostigma). — Guill. & Peee., Fl. Sen. 
 
 Austr., 111. — Pogonostigma Eoiss., Diagn. PI. Tent., i. 168 {Requienia), t. 49. — Miq., Stirp. 
 
 Or., ii. 39. — Catacline Edoew., in Jown. Asiat. Surin., t. 6; Fl. Ind. Bat., i. p. i. 290. Hahv. 
 
 Soc. Beng., xvi. 1214. — Balboa Liebm., in & Sond., Fl. Cap., ii. 203, 230 (Requienia), 
 
 Tidensh. Medd. (1856) 106. — Macronyx Dalz., Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 104. Seem 
 
 in Roolc. Journ. ii. 35. Herald, t. 19. — Walp., Rep., i. 673 • ii. 857 • 
 
 " White, red, or. purple. v. 515 ; Ann,, ii. 364; iv. 489. 
 
 * BjiNTHAM divides this genus, according to 
 
LHGUMIN0B2E-PAPILI0NAGEM. 259 
 
 58. Mundulea DC— Flowers almost those of Tephrosia ; 3 superior 
 lobes or teeth of calyx subconnate. Standard usually transversely 
 callous within above claw; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 2- 
 adelphous at base; vexiUary stamen afterwards connate with 
 remainder into a closed tube ; 5 alternate filaments slightly dilated ;" 
 anthers uniform. Germen oo-ovulate ; style curved hard glabrous ; 
 apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear piano-compressed ; 
 both sutures thickened ; indehiscent or scarcely dehiscent. Seeds 
 reniform exarillate. — Shrubs, silky-pubescent ; leaves imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets quite entire, reticulate-penniveined ; stipules minute ; flowers' 
 racemose ; racemes terminal or springing from the wood and short ; 
 bracts small ; bractlets very small or [Tropical Asia and Africa, 
 Madagascar''). 
 
 59. Chadsia Boj.' — Flowers almost those of Tephrosia; calyx 
 posteriorly rather gibbous ; 2 superior lobes or teeth connate ; lowest 
 about equal to or longer than remainder. Corolla almost that of 
 Clianthus ; standard acuminate for a considerable length ; wings 
 acuminate, shorter than standard ; keel falcate with a long beak, acu- 
 minate, longer than standard. Stamens 10,2 -adelphous at base; vexil- 
 lary stamen afterwards connate with remainder into a tube ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen c»-ovulate ; style slender glabrous, apex stigma- 
 tiferous minute, scarcely or not thickened. Legume elongated acumi- 
 nate 2-valved.— Shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets with close 
 nearly parallel veins ; flowers^ (sometimes appearing before leaves) 
 solitary or in few-flowered short racemes at nodes or on short, often 
 leafless branches ; pedicels long ; bracts small narrow {Madac/ascar^). 
 
 ' 60. Milletia Wight & Arn.' — Eeceptacle shortly campanulate, 
 lined by a disk forming a short sheath round base of gynaeceum. 
 
 ' Mem. Legiim., vi. 26fi ; Prodr., ii. 249 Oliv. M. Trap. Afr., ii. 126. — Waip., Ann., 
 
 {TefTirodtB sect. i.). — Endl., Gen., n. 6539 d. — iv. 491. 
 B. H., Qen., 497, n. 102.- ■' In Ann. So. Sat, ser. 2, xx. 104 (err. 
 
 2 Whence tlie stamens are almost those of ChaUia).—B. H., Gen., 497, n. 101. 
 the miotecB. ! Scarlet or pink. 
 
 ' Species 3. Walp., Sep., v. 545. 
 Pink or violet. s prodr., i. 263.— Kndl., Gen., n. 6715.— 
 
 ■* Species ahout 4. W., Spec, iii. 1121 B. H., Gen., 498, n. 104. — Serrehera Hochst.„ 
 
 (Ci/tims). — EoxB., M. Ind., iii. 327, 328 in Mora (1846), 597.—? Fornasinia Beetol., 
 
 {Robinia) ; Cat. Sort. Calc., 56. — Hook., Exot. Mko. Bat., iii. 18, t. 1. — Gallery a Bndi.., Gen., 
 
 Fl., t. 188 (Balhergia) ; Icon. Flant., t. Sappl., iii. 104. — ? Marqtiartia Voa., in Fl. 
 
 120. — WlOHT, III, 79 (85). — Bakek, in Meyen., 35, t. 1, 2. 
 
 S 2 
 
aeo NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Calyx gamosepalous, subentire truncate or shortly 5-tootlied; 2 
 superior teeth absent or sometimes subconnate. Standard large, 
 patent or reflexed, bare or callous within above claw, more rarely 
 [Otosemd) furnished with inflexed auriculate appendages ; wings free 
 falcate-oblong, free or cohering at apex ; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 
 10, 3-adelphous (9-1) at base; vexillary stamen always or after- 
 wards free {PadhruggecF), or oftener more or less connate at middle 
 with remainder ; anthers uniform ; connective often subglandular. 
 Germen sessile or shortly stipitate j ovules oo ; style terete glabrous 
 inilexed ; apex subtruncate or capitate. Legume linear oblong or 
 lanceolate, piano-compressed rigid, coriaceous or woody, 2-valved or 
 oftener late or scarcely dehiscent. Seeds exarillate. — Trees, or erect 
 or climbing shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets' usually stipellate ; 
 stipules small ; flowers scattered or fascicled along rachis of ter- 
 minal, simple or branched racemes ; bracts and bractlets deciduous'' 
 {Tropical Asia, Africa, and Oceania''). 
 
 61 ? Sarcodum Lour." — Flowers (apparently) of Milletia ; calyx 
 subtruncate; teeth very short. "Standard large patent; wings 
 oblong; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers 
 uniform, (xermen sessile, surrounded at base by an annular disk, 
 oo-ovulate. Legume linear straight terete fleshy (in dehiscent?). — 
 A high-climbing shrub ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, small 
 oblong stipellate; racemes terminal subpanicled; younger bracts 
 subulate-acuminate hairy" ' (CocMnc/dna). 
 
 63. Wistaria Nutt.^ — Calyx 4-toothed; superior tooth shortly 
 2-toothed or 2-crenate at apex ; 3 inferior teeth usually a little longer 
 
 ' Benth., in PI. Jungh., i. 248. « ji;. CocUnch., ed. Ulyssip. (1790), 462.— 
 
 ^ MlQ., Fl. Tnd.-JBat., i. p. i. 150. DC, Frodr., ii. 522.— B. H., &en., 498, n. 
 
 ' Eather large, often evergreen reticulate 103. 
 
 penniveined. ? A very uncertain genus, which, "judging 
 
 * This genus, closely allied to the large-leaved from the characters given by Loueeibo and an 
 
 Tephrosias, to Mvmdulea, Glineidia, and some imperfect specimen, appears to be allied to Mil- 
 
 species of Xonchocarpus and Wistaria, appears letia ; but the legume is different, and the leaves 
 
 to be entirely artificial, and perhaps would be are rather those of Tephrosia." (Benth.) 
 
 better considered a section of Wistaria. ^ Gen. N. Amer. Plamt., ii. 115 (err. Wis- 
 
 = WlOHT, Icon., t. 86, 207.— A. ElOH., Fl. teria).—DC., Frodr., ii. 390.— SPAOH, Suit, ct 
 
 Abyss. Tent., t. 35. — Hook., Icon., t. 788. 5«^o», i. 256.— Endl., (?««., n. 6671. — B. H., 
 
 Bekih., Fl. Honglc, 78 ; Fl. Austral., ii. 211. — Gen., 499, n. 105. — Thyrsanthus Eli,., in Jowrn. 
 
 Bakeb, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 126. — H. Bn., Acad. Philad., i. S.1\.~Biplonyw Eafin., Fl. 
 
 in Adansonia, vi. 222. — Walp., Sep., i. 799; Ludov, 101. 
 V. 514; Ann., i. 254; iv. 572. 
 
LEGVMINOSm-FAPILIONAGBJE. 261 
 
 and narrower. Standard large, with 2 appendages above claw ; wings 
 falcate with. 1 appendage above claw ; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 
 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; more rarely vexillary stamen connate with 
 remainder ; anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate ; disk produced 
 round stalk of germen into a conical sheath, unequally cleft at apex ; 
 germen oo-ovulate ; style inflexed glabrous ; stigma terminal sub- 
 globose. Legume elongated torulose, continuous within, 3-valved ; 
 valves somewhat coriaceous, convex. Seeds reniform exarillate. — 
 Climbing shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets entire penniveined 
 with reticulate venules ; superior stipels linear, very caducous ; 
 stipules usually long narrow very caducous; racemes terminal 
 nutant; flowers' on rather long pedicels; pedicels articulated at 
 base ; bracts very caducous {China, Japan^ North Americcf). 
 
 63. Eobinia L.'' — Eeceptacle depressed obconical, glandular within. 
 Calyx gamosepalous to a considerable height ; teeth short broad ; 
 2 superior subconnate valvate. Petals shortly unguiculate ; standard 
 large reflexed, bare within ; wings free falcate-oblong ; petals of 
 curved obtuse keel connate below, valvate. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous ; 
 9 inferior connate into a tube often slightly inflated at base and cleft 
 above; vexiUary stamen either free or connate at middle with 
 remainder; anthers uniform, oppositipetalous often smaller. Ger- 
 men stipitate oo-ovulate ; style inflexed subulate, shaggy at apex ; 
 stigma capitate terminal. Legume scarcely stipitate, linear piano- 
 compressed, continuous within, 2-valved ; valves membranous thin ; 
 superior suture narrowly winged. Seeds oo, oblique or transverse, 
 exarillate amphitropous ; funicle rather . long, near hilum slightly 
 thickened arilhform ; albumen thin membranous ; embryo fleshy ; 
 radicle much inflexed, accumbent. — Trees or shrubs, nearly glabrous, 
 viscous, or bristly ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, usually stipel- 
 late ; stipules minute, setaceous or spinescent ; flowers' in usually 
 axillary racemes ; bracts minute or membranous, very caducous 
 {North America^). 
 
 ' Bluish, rarely whitish. Legum., 273 ; Prodr., ii. 261 (part.). — Endi., 
 
 2 SiEB. & ZtTCC, Fl. Jap., t. 43, 44 (45 ?).— Qen., n. 6546.— B. H., <?«»., 499, n. 106.— 
 
 Bot. Mag., t. 20, 83. — Bot. Beg., t. 650. Psmdoacacia T., Inst., 649, t. 417. 
 
 ^ Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2, t. 104. — * White, pink, or purplish. 
 
 Bot. Mag., t. 2103. ^ Species 5 or 6. Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 4. — 
 
 * Gen., n. 879 (part., nee AUBi,., nee LrfE.).— Bot. Mag., t. 311, 560.— Walp., Amu., iv. 491. 
 GiiBTN., Fnust., ii. 307, t. 145. — DC, Mem. 
 
262 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 64. Gliricidia H. B. K.'— Receptacle cupuliform or shortly obco- 
 nical, lined by a concave disk not produced round gynseceum. Calyx 
 gamosepalous, either nearly entire and evenly truncate, or offcener 
 very shortly 5-toothed; 2 superior teeth sometimes subconnate. 
 Standard large reflexed, without callosities ; claw articulated at base ; 
 limb bare or furnished with small inflexed auriculate appen- 
 dages ; wings^ falcate-oblong free ; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 
 10, i:-adelphous (9-1); anthers uniform; connective long ovate, 
 often coloured. Grermen stipitate oo-ovulate; style curved or inflexed, 
 glabrous or furnished with small hairs below stigma ; stigma terminal 
 small or minutely capitate. Legume stipitate, broadly linear piano- 
 compressed, sometimes unequally constricted between seeds, con- 
 tinuous within, 2-valved ; valves coriaceous thick. Seeds exarillate. 
 — Trees or shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets exstipellate, rather 
 large, quite entire, reticulate penniveined, often spotted ; stipules 
 small ; flowers^ (sometimes appearing before the leaves) in racemes 
 inserted in axils or at old defoliated nodes ; bracts and bractlets 
 small or, {Tropical America"). 
 
 65. Diphysa Jacq.* — Eeceptacle slightly concave, lined by a disk. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, unequal ; 2 superior broader obtuse ; 
 lowest longer and narrower than remainder, very acute, arched. 
 Standard unguicalate suborbicular, with 2 callosities within ; wings 
 curved oblique ; keel curved, more or less acute or beaked. Stamens 
 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate co-ovu- 
 late arched, continuous with curved subulate glabrous style ; stigma 
 small or minutely capitate, terminal. Legume stipitate elongated ; 
 endocarp linear subplane, much narrower within, scarcely or not 
 hollow between seeds ; sutures linear bare, either scarcely prominent, 
 or produced longitudinally into a subulate keel ; exocarp separable 
 from endocarp, inflated and dilated at each face into a reticulated, 
 vesicular or compressed keel-like membrane. Seeds ovate or oblong, 
 more rarely transversely elongated compressed. — Shrubs or trees, 
 often glandular ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets entire exstipellate 
 
 1 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 393.— B. H., Qen., Frocb:, 106 p.— DC, Piodr., ii. 260, 216 {Lon- 
 
 499. n. 107. chocarpm). — Geiseb., Cat. PI. Gab., 77. 
 
 ^ Sometimes transversely folded. * (SWrp.^TOer., 208, 1. 181, fig. 151, — Lamk., 
 
 '' Pink or lilac. Bid., ii.289; III., t. 605.— DC, Prodr.,\\.%m.— 
 
 * Jacq., Amer., 211, t. 119 (JJoi»ja).— Sw., Endi,., Gen., n. 6555.— B. H., Gen., 500, n. 112. 
 
LBGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 263 
 
 articulated; stipules small; flowers' in short lax racemes inserted 
 in axils or fascicled at old nodes ; pedicels articulated at base 
 and below flower, and furnislied at same places witb 2 caducous 
 bracts {Central America, Mexico^). 
 
 66. Sabinea DC/ — Calyx broadly campanulate truncate, nearly 
 entire or very shortly toothed. Standard broadly suborbiculate, 
 patent or reflexed ; wings free falcate-oblong ; keel equal to or a 
 little longer than wings, curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1), either all equal, or 5 lower longer and connate to a greater 
 height; anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate co-ovulate; style 
 slender hollow, much curved, glabrous, long tapering at apex ; 
 summit minute, not thickened, stigmatiferous. Legume linear 
 piano-compressed, continuous within, 2-valved ; valves ultimately 
 spirally twisted. Seeds ovate-compressed or reniform, exarillate. — 
 Trees or shrubs ; leaves paripinnate ; midrib terminating at apex 
 in a short point; leaflets deciduous, entire or apiculate, exstipellate ; 
 stipules small, usually setaceous caducous ; flowers'* solitary or 
 fascicled at old nodes; bracts small; bractlets {West Indies^). 
 
 67. Corynella DC — Calyx very short or elongated subulate; 
 teeth either nearly equal or 2 superior connate to a considerable 
 height. Standard suborbicular unguiculate reflexed ; wings oblique 
 free; keel curved, longer than wings and standard. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform; connective glandular, usually 
 coloured. Grermen stipitate oo-ovulate; apex of style usually 
 thickened hooked curved ; summit minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. 
 Legume lanceolate or elongated, piano-compressed co- seeded, 2-valved. 
 — Shrubs ; leaves pari- or imparipinnate ; stipels minute ; stipules 
 rigid, sometimes spinescent ; flowers' solitary or fascicled at old 
 nodes; bracts small, bractlets 0^ {West Indies^). 
 
 ' Yellow. ' In Arm. Scienc. Nat., ser. 1, iv. 93; Prodr., 
 
 2 Benth. & (Eest., Legvm. Cenh-omier., ii. 267. — Esbl., Q-en., n. 6556. — B. H., (?««., 
 
 10. — Walp., Ann., ii. 493. 500, n. 112. — Corynitis Spkenq-., Syst., Cm: 
 
 ' In Ann. Sc. Sat., ser. 1, iv. 92 ; Prodr., ii. Post., 263. — ? Toxotropis TuECZ., in £ull. Mosc, 
 
 263.— Endl., Gen., u. 6548.— B. H., Ben., 501, ii. p. ii. 506.— Walp., Ann., i. 232. 
 
 n. 114. ' Purplish. 
 
 ■* Purplish. ^ A genus that needs to be attentively studied 
 
 ' Species 2 or 3. Vahl., St/mi., iii. 89, t. 70. — and compared with Sabinia, and perhaps with 
 
 PoiB., Diet., vi. 227. — Pees., Syn., ii. 212 some species of Pietetm. 
 
 (iSoiJnia).— Geiseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 183. " " Species 2." 
 
264 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAWT8. 
 
 68. Poitsea Vent.* — Calyx gamosepalous subtruncate ; teeth very 
 short, standard obovate erect ; wings oblong, longer than standard ; 
 keel longer than wings, acute subfalcate ; petals free at apex. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers uniform. Grermen stipi- 
 tate Qc -ovulate; style curved glabrous subulate; apex minute stig- 
 matiferous. Legume linear piano-compressed 2-valved. Seeds 
 orbiculate. — Shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, membranous 
 entire exstipellate ; stipules setaceous ; flowers^ in axiUary racemes ; 
 bracts small; bractlets {West Indief).. 
 
 69 ? Vilmorinia DC.''—" Calyx ebracteolate cylindrical, obtusely 
 4-toothed, sub-2-labiate. Corolla papilionaceous ; petals oblong ; 
 wings shorter than keel. Stamens 2-adelphous. Style glabrous 
 subulate acute. Legume pedicellate lanceolate, tapering at base, 
 compressed, filiform at apex. Seeds 12-16. — A shrub; leaves im- 
 paripinnate ; stipules rather broad at base, long subulate ; flowers" in 
 axillary racemes" {Hispaniola^). 
 
 70? Lennaea Kl." — Flowers small, almost those oi Bobinia ; calyx 
 teeth short ; 2 superior connate. Standard suborbicular, naked on 
 inner surface, shortly unguiculate ; wings free ; keel curved obtuse. 
 Stamens 1 ; vexillary stamen free only^close to base, afterwards con- 
 nate with remainder into a closed tube ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 shortly stipitate ; ovules c3o ; style slender, at apex much curved subin- 
 volute, at back slightly bearded longitudinally; summit capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear compressed torulose, septate within 
 between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds lenticular compressed.* — Trees or 
 shrubs, glabrous ; leaves subimparipinnate ; leaflets stipellate alter- 
 nate, quite entire ; stipules small; flowers" racemose; racemes axillary 
 or fascicled at old nodes, sometimes nutant [Central America,^" 
 Mescico^^). 
 
 ' Choix de PI., t. 36. — Tttep., in Did. So. Clitoria multiflora Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ, ii. 1253 
 
 Nat, Atl., t. 251.— DC, Frodr., ii. 263.— Endl., (a Tery doabtfal genus). 
 
 &en., n. 6547.— B. H., &en., 500, n. 109. ? Ap. Like., Kl. & Oiio, Icon. Plant., ii. 65, 
 
 2 Pink or purple. t. 26.— B. H„ Gen., 500, a. 110. 
 
 = " Species 2." ' Kunzb, in Linncsa, xvi. 320. 
 
 * Prodr., ii. 239.— Endl., Gen., n. 6655. — ' Pink or greenish (recalling the leaves and 
 
 B. H., Gen., 499, n. 108. flowers of some species of Indigofera), 
 
 5 " Purple." '" Walp., Eep., i. 68o! 
 
 ' Species 1. V. muUiJlora DC, loo. oil. — " Seem., Berald, 107. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAGEJS. 266 
 
 71. Olneya A. GtRAT.' — Calyx subcampanulate membranous ; lobes 
 5, nearly equal, or 2 superior connate to a considerable height, im- 
 bricated in sestivation. Standard broadly orbicular, unguicu- 
 late J limb reflexed, furnished with 2 inflexed auriculate appendages 
 and with 2 callosities within ; wings oblique free ; keel broad curved 
 obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Grermen 
 sessile oc -ovulate ; ovules subrhomboidal, compressed; style curved 
 almost from base, bearded aU round above middle ; apex thick 
 capitate stigmatiferous. Legume compressed, rather oblique, glan- 
 dular, continuous within, 2-valved ; valves thickly coriaceous, finally 
 very convex over seeds. Seeds 1, 2, broadly ovate, exarillate. — A 
 small tree, covered with hoary hairs, often armed with prickles 
 below the stipules ; leaves imparl- or subparipinnate ; midrib apicu- 
 late ; leaflets alternate entire, rather rigid, exstipellate ; stipules 
 minute setaceous caducous ; flowers' in axillary racemes ; bracts 
 caducous (?) {California^). 
 
 72. Coursetia DC."— Calyx broad; teeth 5, elongated, nearly 
 equal; 3 superior connate to a considerable height. Petals about 
 equal in length; standard broadly orbicular or reniform; claw 
 short ; sides usually reflexed ; wings free obovate-oblong ; keel 
 curved, shortly beaked or rather obtuse. Stamens 10, either 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1) or vexillary stamen connate at middle with remainder ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen sessile cc -ovulate; style rather rigid, at" 
 base slightly dilated and hollow, then inflexed, above longitu- 
 dinally bearded within or for a greater distance without; apex 
 minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume linear compressed con- 
 tinuous within, 2-valved. Seeds suborbicular exarillate; funicle 
 short. — Trees or shrubs, tomentose or villous; leaves pari- or impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets oo, entire ; stipels rudimentary or ; stipules 
 setaceous ; flowers' in axillary racemes, each solitary in axil of a 
 small narrow very caducous bract {Hotter par is of America^). 
 
 • Flani. Tfmrber., in Mem. Amer. Acad., v. ' Violet?. 
 
 313, 328. — B. H. Gen., 500, n. 111. — Tesota ^ Species about 10. Cat., Icon., t. 84 (LatTiy- 
 
 C. MT7EI.I., in Walp. Arm., iv. 479. rm). — W., Spec, iii. 1102. — Desf., Cat. Rort. 
 
 2 " White or purplish." Far., ed. 1, 195 (OroSjw).— H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
 
 ' Species 1. 0. Tesota A. Gbat, loo. cU. — et Spec, vii. 268, t. 660 (Sesbania). — Geisbb., 
 
 Walp., Ann., iv. 587. Fl. Brit. W. 7»d. , 183.— Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 * In Ann. Sc Nat., ser. 1, iv. 92; Frodr., ii. Bras., Fapil., 44. — Waip., Ann., iv. 491. 
 264.— Endl., Gen., n. 6549.— B. H., Gen., 501, 
 
 II. 115. 
 
266 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 72a. Poissonia H. Bn.' — Flowers irregular resupinate. Eecep- 
 tacle obconical turbinate, lined by a ratber thick disk. Calyx 
 gamosepalous subcampanulate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes long subulate 
 subequal ; 2 posterior connate to a considerable distance ; aestivation 
 imbricated. Petals unguiculate ; standard suborbicular ; wings 
 obliquely obovate ; keel curved, rather obtuse. Stamens 10, 2radel- 
 phous (9-1) ; anthers uniform. German very shortly stipitate ; 
 ovules GO ; style curved, covered below stigma with thick hairs 
 forming a short pyriform mass, glabrous elsewhere ; apex capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume shortly stipitate, surrounded at base by 
 persistent calyx, linear, acute at both ends, compressed, depressed 
 in oblique furrows between seeds outside, opposite surfaces almost 
 meeting within, oc-locellate. Seeds transversely obovate, compressed 
 glabrous ; funicle short ; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle elongated, 
 much inflexed. — An undershrub (?), hoary tomentose in every part ; 
 leaves alternate petiolate 1-foliolate; leaflets obovate penniveined, 
 articulated at base; stipules linear subulate, flowers axUlary solitary; 
 peduncle reflexed after anthesis {Feru^. 
 
 73. Cracca Benth.' — Eeceptacle shortly obconical, lined by a 
 disk, often coloured. Calyx gamosepalous membranous; lobes 5, 
 nearly equal, setaceous acuminate at apex. Petals about equal in 
 length ; standard orbicular or reniform ; sides reflexed ; wings 
 unequally obovate or oblong, free ; keel broad curved, acute or 
 subrostrate at apex. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Germen sub- 
 sessile oo-ovulate ; style rigid thin curved, above and within longi- 
 tudinally (often thinly) bearded; apex minutely capitate, stigma- 
 tiferous. Legume linear compressed rigid, transversely septate 
 within and transversely constricted by lines outside between seeds, 
 2-valved. Seeds unevenly orbicular or nearly square, exarillate; 
 embryo fleshy ; radicle elongated, much inflexed. — Herbs or under- 
 shrubs (?) ; leaves imparipinnate stipellate ; stipules setaceous ; 
 flowers^ in axillary racemes ; bracts setaceous 1 -flowered ; bractlets 
 (Tropical and Central America'). 
 
 :. 295. 5 Jacq., Amer., 212, t. 125 {Gtalega); Icon. 
 
 2 Species 1 : P. solanacea. Ma/r., t. 150. — H. B. K., Nov. &en. et Spec, v. 
 
 ^ In (Erst. Legwm. Ceniroamer., 8 (necKlTlN., 463 (Tepjirosia). — DC, Frodr., n. 251, n. 18. — 
 
 nee L., nee Gben. & Gode.) — B. H., Gen., 501, Benth., Sulph., 81 {Tephrosia). — Walp., Mep., 
 
 n. 116. V. 514 [Tephrosia) ; Ann., iv. 480. 
 
 * Whitish or pale ochraceous. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-FAPILIONAOXJM. 267 
 
 74. Sesbania Pees.' — Eeceptacle depressed obconical, thickly 
 glandular within. Calyx gamosepalons ; tube broad truncate or 
 equally 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals much imbricated ; standard 
 ovate or orbicular, patent or reflexed ; wings falcate-oblong ; keel 
 furnished with a rather long claw, curved. Stamens 10, 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1), vexillary stamen a little thickened or geniculate above 
 base ; anthers uniform or 5-alternate a little longer. Grermen 
 usually stipitate oo-ovulate ; style curved glabrous, stigma small, 
 evenly or unevenly capitate. Legume linear wingless; margins 
 usually thick {Eusesbania) j compressed or subterete, 4-gonous or 
 4-winged {J)auhentoni(f), more rarely short few-seeded; margins 
 acute {Glottidimrf) ; transversely septate within by intrusion of the 
 often separable endocarp between the seeds ; seeds transversely 
 oblong or square, exarillate. — Herbs or shrubs; leaves paripinnate oo- 
 foliolate ; stipels minute or ; stipules membranous, usually 
 caducous ; flowers'* handsome, sometimes very large {AgaW ) in loose 
 axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets setaceous, usually very cadu- 
 cous {All hotter regiord). 
 
 75. Microcharis Benth.' — Flowers almost those of Sesbania, 
 very small ; calyx gamosepalous to a considerable height ; lobes 5, 
 somewhat unequal, long acute. Standard suborbicular, narrowed 
 into a claw ; wings oblique ; keel a little shorter than wings, obtuse, 
 stamens 10, 1-adelphous at base ; vexillary stamen afterwards free ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen sessile, oo-ovulate ; style short, rather 
 broad and compressed; apex thick capitate, rather compressed, 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear compressed slender submembranous, 
 thinly stuffed within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds oblong or 
 square, exarillate. — ^Herbs, slender branched, rather shaggy all over ; 
 
 ' Syn., ii. 316 (part). — DC, Frod/r., ii. 265. — * Species about 15. Ettmph., Merl. Amboin., 
 
 Ekdl., Gen., u. 6551. — B. H., Gen., 502, i. t. 76 (Agati).— Cay., Icon., t. 314 (JSscki/- 
 
 n. 118. — Sesban Poa,., Diet., vii. 127. — ? Dar- nomene),316{Fiscidia). — J\CQ,., Icon. Bar.,t.liS 
 
 winia Baiin., Fl. Lvdov., 106. — ? Monoplectrum {Robinid), 564 (JEscht/nomene) — H. B. K., Nov. 
 
 Eahn., he. eit. Gen. et Spec., vi. 533. — GuiLi. & Peeb., Fl. 
 
 2 DC, Mem. Legum., 285 ; Frodr., n. 261.— Seneg. Tent., i. 197, t. 50. — WiaHT, Icon., 
 
 Enbl., Gen., n. 6554. t. 32. — Behth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 42, 
 
 ' Destx., Jown. Sot., i. 119, t. 1.— DC, J.. 7 ; Fl. Austral., ii. 212. — Kl., in Fet. Reis. 
 
 Frodr., ii. 266 Ehdl., Gen., n. 6550. Moss., Sot., t. 8. — A. Geat, in Amer. Fxpl. 
 
 * White, yellow, purplish red, or variegated. Fxped., Sot., t. 46 {Agati). — Sot. Meg., t. 873. — 
 
 '^ Rheebe, Mort. Malah., i. 95, t. 51, ex Bakeb, in OKu. J*?. 2Vo^. 4/'?'., ii. 133. — Waip., 
 
 Destx., loc. cit., t. 4, fig. 6,— DC, Frodr., ii. Rep., i. 680 ; ii. 858 ; Ann., iv. 492. 
 266.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6553. ? Gen., 501, n. 117. 
 
268 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 leaves simple, very shortly petiolate, articulated at base ; stipules 
 subulate persistent ; flowers' in simple slender axillary racemes, each 
 solitary in axil of a narrow bract ; bractlets ( Western tropical Africa"). 
 
 76. Carmichselia E. Br.' — Eeceptacle minute concave, sparingly 
 glandular within. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth nearly equal or 
 superior smaller, imbricated in aestivation, finally subvalvate. 
 Standard orbicular unguiculate ; wings oblong free, usually shorter 
 than standard ; keel curved or vaulted, obtuse, longer or shorter than 
 standard. Stamens 10, 2-adeIphous; 9 connate into a sheath cleft 
 above; vexillary stamen free, usually smaller; anthers uniform. 
 Grermen shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate, curved glabrous; stigma 
 minute terminal. Legume usually short, compressed, ovate or 
 oblong, elliptical, terminated by the style; sutures more or less 
 thickened; valves separating from persistent margins. Seeds oo 
 usually few, exarillate ; embryo fleshy ; radicle long, folded double. — 
 Shrubs or small trees ; branches rush- or cladode-like ; leaves either 
 perfect imparipinnate with 3- oo small obcordate leaflets, or reduced 
 to minute scales ; stipules small membranous ; flowers* shortly pedicel- 
 late, racemose ; racemes short, solitary or fascicled at lateral nodes ; 
 bracts small ; bractlets inserted at a variable height on pedicel or 
 under flower (iVfew Zealand^). 
 
 77. Notospartium Hook, f.* — Flowers of Carmichcelia ; teeth 
 of calyx short, nearly equal. Germen sessile, oo-ovulate ; style 
 curved, longitudinally bearded within ; apex hooked inflexed, 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear piano-compressed, membranous be- 
 tween vein -like sutures, septate within between seeds, indehiscent. 
 Seeds compressed exarillate. — A small tree ; twigs rush-like pendulous, 
 leafless on anthesis ; scales minute at nodes ; flowers' in lateral 
 racemes at nodes ; bracts and bractlets minute {New Zealand'). 
 
 78. Colutea T.' — Eeceptacle wide depressed, lined by a disk. 
 
 ' " Red." * Pink or white, spotted or striped with lilac. 
 
 2 Species 2 (or 1 with 2 varieties). Benth._, » Species 9. Raottl, Cli. de Fl. de la N.-Zel., 
 
 in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 297, t. 33 A, B. t. 28. — Hook, r,, JECandb. N. Zeal. Fl , 48. 
 [Bakbe (in OUv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 132) gives a * In SooTe. Journ., ix. 176, t. 3 ; Handh. N. 
 
 third species or variety]. Zeal. Fl., 51. — B. H., &en., 502, n. 120. 
 
 5 R. Bb., in Sot. Beg., t. 912.— Endl., Gen., 1 " Pink ?" , 
 
 n. 6568.— B. H., Gen., 502, n. 119. * Inst., 649, t. 418 ; Cor., 44.— L., Gen., 
 
LBGTJMmOSM-PAPILIONAOTSJE. 269 
 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth nearly equal or 2 superior shorter, 
 valvate. Petals finally unequal ; standard suborbicular patent, often 
 unevenly gibbous within at base, rather long-unguiculate ; wings 
 falcate-oblong, finally shorter than standard ; keel broad, much 
 curved obtuse, longer than wings ; claws more or less close or con- 
 nate below. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous ; 9 connate for a considerable 
 height into a sheath cleft above, finally free subulate curved ; vexil- 
 lary stamen free ; anthers uniform. Grermen stipitate oc-ovulate ; 
 ovules finally multiseriate' subhorizontal ; style curved, rather pro- 
 minent below; apex capitate stigmatiferous ; margins thickened at 
 apex, longitudinally bearded, produced into a helmet or cowl round 
 stigmatiferous head. Legume stipitate surrounded at base by 
 persistent calyx, vesicular membranous inflated veined, indehiscent 
 or widely dehiscent by 2 valves at apex. Seeds oo , reniform campy- 
 lotropous ; funicle straight, rather thick ; albumen thin pulpy ; 
 embryo rather fleshy ; radicle elongated arched accumbeut. — Shrubs, 
 glabrous or somewhat silky ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets 
 entire exstipellate articulated ; stipules 2, lateral ; flowers^ axillary 
 racemose few, rather large ; bractlets 2, minute, inserted below 
 flower ' {Middle and southern Europe, temperate and subtropical 
 
 79. Sutherlandia E. Br." — Tlowers almost those of Cotutea 
 coroUa longer ; standard erect, patent at apex, folded back at margins 
 shortly unguiculate ; wings oblong ; keel longer than standard, erect, 
 curved acute. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform 
 Grermen stipitate oo -ovulate ; style filiform, curved at apex, longi 
 tudinally bearded above and within ; apex minutely capitate stig 
 matiferous. Legume membranous inflated (of Coluted), subindehis- 
 cent. — A shrub, hoary ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo , quite 
 entire, exstipellate ; stipules small narrow; flowers' in axillary 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets small {Southern Africa^). 
 
 n. 880. — J., Gen., 359.— G^etit., m^ct., ii. 320, t. 1727.— -Bo*. Mag., t. 81, 2622. — Waip., Mep., 
 
 t. 154.— Lamk., Diet. i. 352; Suppl. i. 560 682; ArM., i. 232; ii. 367 [Bakeb (in Oliv. 
 
 (part.).— DC, JProdr., ii. 270. — Endi., Q-en. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 186) gives one species as ex- 
 
 n. 6561.— B. H.,Gf«»., 505, n. 128. tending to Nile Land.] 
 
 1 Originally 2-seriate. ■• In Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 327 (nee 
 
 2 White or reddish. Gmel.). — DC, Prod/r., ii. 273. — Enbi.., Qen., 
 ' Species 3 or 4. Mm., Icon., t. 100.— n. 6566.— B. H., Gen., 503, n. 123. — CoUtia 
 
 SOHEUHE, HoMdb., t. 204. — Dcham., Arbr., Mcench, Meth., 164. 
 
 ed. 2, i. t. 22, 23.— Sibth., Fl. Grcec, t. 707. — ' Scarlet, handsome. 
 
 Gebn. & GoDE., Fl. de Fr., i. 454. — Bot. Beg., « Species 1. 8. frufescens E. Be., loo. cit.— 
 
270 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 80. Swainsona Salisb.' — Flowers almost those of Sut/ierlandia ; 
 teeth of calyx 5, nearly equal or 2-superior connate to a greater 
 height. Standard orbicular or reniform, patent or reflexed, bare or 
 with 2 callosities within above claw ; wings falcate-oblong or a little 
 twisted. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Grermen sessile orstipitate, 
 00 -ovulate ; style curved or involute {Cydoygne^), longitudinally 
 bearded above and within or more rarely dorsally ; stigma terminal 
 small, minutely capitate or oblique [Sphcerophysc^) . Legume of 
 Sutherlandia or Colutea, scarcely dehiscent or 2-valved ; seminiferous 
 suture slightly or much intruded {Diplolobium*). Seeds subreniform 
 exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pilose ; leaves im- 
 paripinnate ; leaflets 3-QO , exstipellate ; stipules small or setaceous, 
 or broad herbaceous at base ; flowers' in axillary racemes ; bracts 
 small ; bractlets sometimes appressed to flowers and persistent, some- 
 times minute caducous or {Australia, New Zealand,^ the East, 
 Bussian Asia, Chind). 
 
 81? Lessertia DC — Mowers of Sutherlandia or Swainsona; 
 standard suborbicular, patent or reflexed, bare within ; keel straight 
 or curved ; wings and keel usually shorter than standard, stamens 
 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Grermen sessile or stipitate, 
 oo-ovulate ; style curved subulate, bearded at back or all round at 
 apex below stigma; bare or shortly bearded within. Legume of 
 variable form, usually oblong, sometimes thin membranous com- 
 pressed, sometimes inflated,' widely dehiscent or 2-valvate at apex. 
 Seeds funiculate reniform exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs ; leaves 
 imparipinnate exstipellate ; stipules small ; flowers'" in axillary pedun- 
 
 Haet. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 212. — S. micro- " F. Muell., in Trams. Bot. Soc. :EdM.,Yu. 
 
 ; Btjech., ex DC, in Icon. Deless., iii. 41, 489. 
 
 t. 7l. — Cohitea fnitescetis L., Spec, 1045. — ' Red, yellowish, or white. 
 
 BUEM., M. Cap. Prodr., 22. — Mill., Icon., * Benth., M. Austral., ii. 215. — Ande., Bot. 
 
 t. 99.— DC, Astfag., iS.—Bot. Mag., t. 181. Sep., t. 319.— Hook, p., Sandb. 2V. Zeal. Fl., 
 
 ^Fa/rad.lAmd.,\..W,.—DC.,Frodr.,\\.'i,11.-— 51.— Bot. Reg., t. 994; (1846), t. 26. — Bot. 
 
 Endl., &en., n. 6562.— B. H., Oen., 504, Mag., t. 792 {Swainsona). 
 
 n. 126. — Loxidimn Vent., Dec. Gen. Nov., ex ' Teautt., Fl. Suss., t. 33. — Jaitb. & SPACrr, 
 
 DC. (incl. : Cyclogyne Benth., Diploloiima P. III. Fl. Orient., i. 126, t. 64. — Walp., Sep., ii. 
 
 MrELL., Sphceropliysa DC [? PhylloloMwrn 860 (Sphcsrophysa). 
 
 FiscH., in DC, Prod/r., ii. 521]). ^ Astragal., 87 ; Mem. Legum., t. 46 ; Prodr., 
 
 '■' Benth., in lAndl. Swan Sio. App., 16, ii. 271. — Endl., Gen., n. 6563. — B. H., Gen., 
 
 3 DC, Mem. Legum., 288; Prodr., ii. 271.— 508, n. 125. 
 
 Endl., Gen., n. 6569. — B. H., Gen., 504, n. 127. ' Whence this genus ought hardly to be dis- 
 
 (Though SphcBrophysa and Swainsona are sepa- tinguished from Smairisona. 
 
 rated by all authors, we can see no generic distinc- "• White, pink, or oftener red. 
 tion between them.) 
 
LEGUMINOSJE-PAPILIONAOEJE. 271 
 
 culate racemes ; bracts small ; bractlets minute or {Southern 
 AfricdF). 
 
 82. Clianthus Soland.'' — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes elongated, 
 nearly equal or 2 superior broader. Corolla (of Chadsid) elongated ; 
 standard acuminate, closely reflexed, wings shorter than standard, 
 falcate-lanceolate ; keel erect curved, acute or long narrow, about 
 equal to or longer than standard. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen stipitate ; ovules oo ; style subulate 
 curved, longitudinally bearded above and within ; apex minutely 
 capitate or not thickened, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong curved 
 acuminate, much stuffed within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds 
 reniform exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs, erect or subscandent; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; stipules herbaceous ; flowers' in axillary, some- 
 times umbelliform racemes ; bracts and bractlets subpersistent 
 {Australia, New Zealand''). 
 
 83. Eremosparton Ftsch. & Met.* — Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 
 5, nearly equal. Standard broadly orbicular, emarginate reflexed 
 wings falcate-oblong; keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10 ; 9 connate 
 vexillary stamen free ; anthers uniform. Grermen sessile oo-ovulate 
 style curved, slightly bearded dorsally below terminal stigma (like 
 Vicia). Legume broad short falcate membranous piano- compressed, 
 rather turgid, 2-valved. Seeds 1 or few, reniform exarillate. — A 
 shrub or undershrub, branches leafless (rush-like) slender; scales 
 distant alternate, representing leaves ; flowers* racemose, bracteate, 
 articulated at base, 2-bracteolate below calyx ; racemes loose elongated 
 slender; peduncles at axils of scales {Caspian^). 
 
 84. Indigofera L.' — Eeceptacle very short or scarcely concave. 
 
 ' Species about 30. Jacq., Sort. Schoenbr., ' Red, or with the standard blackish-purple 
 
 t. 222 [Vicia); Icon. Ear., t. 576 [Qalega); spotted; pendulous, large. 
 
 Hort. Vindob., iii. t. 3 {CoTrnted). — E. Bk., in ■* Species 2. LlNBl,. & Paxt., M. Gard., 
 
 Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, ix. 327. — Hook., Exot. 1. 10. — WooDW., in Damp. Voy., iii. Ill, fig. 4. — 
 
 M., t. 84. — Deless., Icon. Select., iii. 39, t. 69, Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 214. — Hook, p., Saadb. 
 
 lO.—Bot. Meg., t. QlO.—Bot. Mag., t. 2064.— N. Zeal. Fl., h2.—Bot. Meg., t. 1775.— JBof. 
 
 Haet. & SoND., Fl. Cap. ii. 213. Mag., t. 3584, 5051. 
 
 ^ Ex IjIkdi,., in Trans. Sort. Soc. Land., ' Fnum. Fl. Scli/rencTc,1h. — B. H., ffra.,504, 
 
 ser. 2, i. 519, t. 22.— Endi., &en., n. 6567 n. 125. 
 
 (part.) — B. H., ffe»., 503, n. 122. — Donia * " Small, violet, distant." 
 
 Don (G.), Gen. Si/st., ii. 467. — Mrempchairis ' Waip., Mep., ii. 860. 
 
 R. Be., in App. Stmt Voy., 10. « <?«»., n. 889.— J., Gen., 359.— Ga)BTN., 
 
272 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Calyx sometimes subhypogynous, gamosepalous oblique ; teeth or 
 lobes nearly equal, or oftener posterior shorter. Petals sessile or 
 shortly unguiculate ; standard ovate or orbicular ; wings oblong, 
 slightly adhering to keel or androceum ; keel erect, obtuse or acumi- 
 nate, gibbous {Jndigastruni) or furnished with a more or less projecting 
 spur on both sides. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous; 9 connate into a thin 
 sheath cleft above and long persisting j vexillary stamen free ; an- 
 thers uniform, glabrous or pUose, surmounted by gland-like promi- 
 nent connective. Germen sessile or very shortly stipitate, 1 , 2 or 
 oftener oo -ovulate ; style glabrous ; stigma capitate, often penicillate. 
 Legume either terete, 4-gamous, or sub-compressed, septate between 
 seeds, 2- cc. seeded {Euindiffofera") ; or piano-compressed, straight, 
 arched, or circinate with thin margins, 2- or -seeded {Brissonia^) are 
 more rarely 1-seeded ; or short globose unarmed {Spheeridiophora*) ; 
 or short falcate subtriquetrous, with dilated echinate dorsal suture 
 {Acantlionotui). Seeds globose, square, or cylindrical, truncate at 
 both ends, exarUlate ; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle cylindrical or 
 clubbed. — Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbs, more or less covered with 
 hairs ; hairs sometimes simple, sometimes attached by middle {pili 
 medifixi), forked appressed ; leaves imparipinnate, or more rarely digi- 
 tate 3-foliolate or simple ; leaflets entire, stipellate or exstipellate ; 
 flowers' in axillary racemes or spikes, sessile or' oftener pedicellate, 
 each solitary at axil of a bract ; bracts caducous" [All hotter regionf). 
 
 Fruet., ii., 317, t. 148. — Lame., Diet., iii. 244 ; Spharidiophora, legume globose unarmed : h. 
 
 Suppl., iii. 145; III., t. 626. — DC, Frodr., ii. germen 2-qo -ovulate; 3. Eaindigofera, legume 
 
 221. — Endi., Gen., n. 6530. — B. H., Qen., terete 4-gonous or snbcompressed ; 4. Ame- 
 
 494, n. 91 (including : Accmthonotiis Benth., carpus, legume compressed, straight arched or 
 
 Aimca/rpm Bekth., Srissonia Desvx., File- circinate ; sutures tapering. 
 
 manthus HocHST., Semispadon Endl., Indi- ^ Jacq., Sort. Schcerib., 230-236, 365 ; Icon, 
 
 gastrum Jaub. & Spach, Ousfropis Don (G.), Far., t. 569-571. — H. B. K., Hfov. Gen. et Spec, 
 
 SphcBridiophora Desvx.). vi. 455, t. 580.— Vent., Ch. de Flant., t. 30, 44; 
 
 1 Jatjb. & Spach, III. Fl. Orient., v. 101, Jard. Malm., t. 44, 55. — Wall, Fl. Asiat. 
 t. 492, 493. Far., t. 279. — Ekdi.., Atakta, i. t. 3 {Semi- 
 
 2 Benth., Gen., loe. cit., sect. 3. — Oustropis spadon). — Wi&ht, Icon., t. 314, 315, 330-333, 
 Don (G.), Gen. Syst., ii. 214 {Indigofera gra. 365-369, 385-387, 403, 404, 983. — Hook., 
 cilis Speeng. ; — Lotus Fot. Mag., t. 2808 ; — Icon., t. 188. — Jatjb. & Spach, HI. Fl. Orient., 
 Mlemanthus Hochst., in Flora [1846], 593). t. 481-494. — Guill. & Peeb., Fl. Seneg. Tent., 
 
 3 Destx., in Awn. So. Nat., ser. 1, ix. 409. — i. 172, t. 46-48. — Benth., in Ma/rt. Fl. Bras., 
 Ameca/rpus Benth., in Lindl. Veg. Xingd., 554. Papil., 35, t. 5, 6; Fl. Austral., ii. 194. Thw. 
 
 ■* Destx., Joum. Bot., i. 125, t. 6. — Jaub. Env,m. Fl. Zeyl., 83. — Habt. & Sond., Fl. Cap., 
 
 & Spach, op. cit., t. 494. ii. 163. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 65. 
 
 « Benth., Niger, 293. Bot. Beg., t. 300, 386, 789, 957, 991, 1744 ; 
 
 s Pink, purple, yeUowish, or white. (1842) t. 57 ; (1843) t. 14; (1846) t. 22.— 5o<. 
 
 7 This genus is divided by Bektham (Zoc. ci<.) Mag., t. 198, 465, 476, 742, 3000, 3065, 3348, 
 
 into 4 sections: ». germen 1-ovulate: 1. Acam- 5063.-r-WAi/P., Fep., i. 660; ii. 856; v. 514; 
 
 thonotus, legume falcate, echinate dorsally; 2. Ann.,\. 230; ii. 362; iv. 486. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 273 
 
 85. Cyamopsis DC.^ — Flowers almost those of Indiyo/era ; stamens 
 10, 1-adelplious ; filaments connate into a closed tube ; anthers 
 uniform apiculate. Gar men sessile co -ovulate ; style curved at apex ; 
 apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear sub-4-gonous com- 
 pressed, rather thick, acuminate, septate within between seeds, 2- 
 valved. Seeds square compressed exarillate ; embryo fleshy ; radicle 
 inflexed clubbed. — Erect herbs, covered with hairs attached by middle ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets 3-c» , opposite exstipellate ; stipules 
 setaceous small; flowers'' in axillary racemes, shortly pedicellate, 
 each solitary at axil of a bract ; bractlets (Tropical Africa, East 
 Indies'). 
 
 86. Brongniartia H. B. K.* — Eeceptacle shortly obconical or 
 turbinate, lined by a disk produced round stalk of gynseceum into a 
 ring or short, usually unequally crenate, tube ; mouth of receptacle 
 slightly oblique. Calyx gamosepalous to a considerable height ; lobes 
 disparate, nearly equal in length ; 2 superior usually more obtuse, 
 connate to a greater height ; sestivation slightly imbricated. Petals 
 nearly equal in length, very dissimilar ; standard ovate or broadly 
 orbicular, bare within, finally reflexed ; claw short, somewhat arti- 
 culated at base ; wings unevenly oblong, falcate free ; keel curved or 
 cymbiform, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); sheath a little 
 dilated at base ; anthers uniform or 5 alternate a little shorter, ver- 
 satile. Germen subsessile or stipitate ; ovules oo ; style curved subu- 
 late glabrous ; apex minute or capitellate, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 oblong or broadly linear, piano-compressed, continuous or slightly 
 stufied within ; placentary suture furnished with a very narrow or 
 somewhat broader {Peraltecf) longitudinal wing ; valves 2, coriaceous, 
 finally rather twisted. Seeds ovate compressed ; hilum dilated round 
 insertion of funicle into a fleshy aril ; embryo fleshy ; radicle short, 
 nearly or quite straight ; cotyledons almost ensheathing radicle. — 
 Shrubs, silky-villous or glabrous ; leaves imparipinnate exstipellate ; 
 
 ' IKjre. ie^'Mm., 230; iVo(?r., ii. 216.— EsDL., Olm. M. Trap. Afr., ii. 65. — Walp., Rep.,i. 
 
 Gen., n. 6647.— B. H., Gen., 493, n. QO.—Cordcea 759. 
 
 SPBEif&., Syst., n. 2847 (ex Enbi.). ■* Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 465, t. 587, 588.— 
 
 2 Small, "purplish." DC, Prodr., ii. 475.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6541.— 
 
 " Species 2. Cat., Icon., t. 59 (iMpinus). — B. H., Gen. 495, n. 93. 
 
 LrfEiT., Stirp., i. 78 {DoUchos).—Wi(inT & * H. B. K., loc. cit., 469, t. 589.— DC, Prodr., 
 
 Ass., Prodr., i. 196. — Gttiil. & Pbeb., ii. 474.' — Endi., Gen., n. 6542. — Megadegia 
 
 Ft. Seneg. Tent., i. 171, t. 45.— Bakbk, in Don (G.), Gen. Syst., ii. 468. 
 
 VOL. II. T 
 
274 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 stipules either setaceous or broad herbaceous leaf-like, suborbicular 
 or subreniform ; flowers' sometimes axillary in twos or threes, some- 
 times in a terminal raceme, rarely appearing before leaves and 
 arranged in an elongated raceme springing from wood and bearing 
 thin few-flowered fascicles ; bracts and bractlets of variable form, often 
 caducous {Central America, Mexico^). 
 
 87. Harpalyce Meg. & Sesse.' — Calyx gamosepalous, much 
 
 elongated, usually arched in bud ; lobes 5, very unequal, sometimes 
 free almost at base, either all connate into 2 nearly entire lips, or 
 2 lateral lobes smaller innermost ; aestivation imbricated, standard 
 large, shortly unguiculate, bare within; wings falcate-oblong, 
 usually shorter ; keel elongated, recurved or a little twisted, obtuse. 
 Stamens 10, 1-adelphous, connate into a sheath cleft above; anthers, 
 6 linear, 5 alternate much shorter. Grermen sessile co-ovulate, style 
 glabrous, usually suddenly inflexed or subgeniculate below apex ; 
 summit scarcely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or broadly 
 linear septate* between seeds or 1 -seeded short. Seeds oblong or 
 ovate ; funicle much dilated at hilum into an aril ; radicle straight, 
 very short. Erect shrubs ; branches often herbaceous and tomen- 
 tose ; leaves imparipinnate ; stipels rudimentary ; stipules small 
 caducous ; flowers* in short terminal, simple or branched, racemes ; 
 bracts and bractlets linear deciduous {Brazil, Mexico, Cuba^). 
 
 88. Lamprolobium Benth.' — "Calyx deeply cleft; 2 superior 
 lobes connate for a considerable height. Standard orbicular, without 
 appendages; wings obliquely oblong free; keel curved obtuse. 
 Stamens all connate into a cleft sheath ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate ; style curved beardless filiform; stigma 
 terminal. Legume stipitate oblong, linear piano-compressed. Sep- 
 tate within between seeds, 2-valved ; valves coriaceous. Seeds 
 oblong compressed strophiolate ; radicle short straight. — A shrub ; 
 leaves imparipinnate exstipellate ; stipules minute ; flowers' small 
 
 ' Carnation, purplish, or violet. ■• Septa finally easily separable from endooarp. 
 
 = Peesl, Symb., t. 67. — MoBic, PI. N. AmSr., * Scarlet or purple, 
 
 t. 10.— Waip., Sep., i. 678; ii. 858; Ann., i. " Bbnth., in Mooh Jowm., iii. t. 5, 6; in 
 
 231.— H. Bn., in Adamonia, ix. 240. Mart. M. Sras., Fapil., 50, t. 10. — Geiseb., 
 
 ^ Ex DC, MSm. Legmn., 496; Prodr., ii. Cat. PI. Ciib. 11. 
 
 523.— Endi., Gen., n. 6577.— B. H., Gen. 494, ' Fl. Austral., ii. 202.— B. H. Qen., 495, n. 
 
 J). 92 (nee Don). 94. ^ "Yellow." 
 
LBGUMINOS^-FAPILIONACEJE. 275 
 
 solitary on terminal, axiUary (always ?) peduncle ; bracts and bract- 
 lets minute, very caducous" {Australia). 
 
 89. Astragalus T.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform, glandular within; 
 mouth horizontal or slightly oblique. Calyx tubular or more or less 
 inflated, gamosepalous to a considerable height ; teeth or lobes 
 short, nearly equal. Petals usually rather long unguiculate ; standard 
 erect long, ovate obovate or panduriform ; wings unevenly oblong ; 
 limb often with auriculate appendages above at base ; keel equal to 
 or a little shorter than wings and more or less adherent to them by 
 its outer edges, of variable form, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous; 
 9 connate into a sheath cleft above ; vexillary stamen free ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen sessile or stipitate ; ovules oo, 2-seriate, more or 
 less descending ; style slender, straight or curved, beardless ; stigma 
 minute terminal. Legume sessile or stipitate, finally 2-valved, very 
 variable in form ; sometimes longitudinally divided by intrusion of 
 dorsal suture into 2 spurious cells ; sometimes turgid or membranous 
 inflated, imperfectly or more rarely perfectly {Phaca,^ Erophacd) 
 divided within. Seeds campylotropous exariUate funiculate.— Small 
 shrubs, densely branched," unarmed or bristling with spinescent 
 hardened petioles ; or oftener undershrubs or herbs ; leaves either 
 imparipinnate, or almost abruptly pinnate with persistent petiole, 
 sometimes digitate 3-foliolate,* sometimes 1-foliolate; leaflets entire 
 exstipellate ; stipules free or adnata to petiole, more rarely connate 
 into one oppositifolious ; flowers" solitary or more rarely umbellate' or 
 oftener racemose or spicate j inflorescences often pedunculate, axillary 
 or springing laterally from stem ; bracts usually minute ; bractlets 
 small or minute {Europe, northern and subtropical Asia, Africa, and 
 America^). 
 
 • Inst., 415, t. 233. — L., Gen., n. 892. — J., The legume is almost l-seeded in Kentrophyta 
 
 Gen., 358.— GiEETN., Fraof., i. 339, 1. 154.— DC, NuiT. (op cit., 353). 
 
 Astragahg. (1802) ; Prodr., ii. 281. — Spach., * In appearance like Galgea, in section Galegi- 
 
 fon, i. 275. — Endi.., Gen., n. 6573. — formis, to which we must refer Diplotheca 
 
 B. H. Gen., 506, u. IZ^.—TragaccmtJui T., Inst., HocHST. (in Flora [1846], 595). 
 417, t. 234 (incl. ; Aulosema Waip., Diplotheca ' Section Orophaca ToEB. & Gb. [op. cit., 
 
 'HoGB.si.,Momalolv,s'ISv'WS.,Kentrophyta'!SvTi., 342; — Hook., FL. Sor.-Amer., t. 55). 
 Fhaca L., Fodolotus Kotie). " White, yellowish, pink, or purplish. 
 
 2 L., Gen., n. 891.— DC, Frod/r., ii. 2V3.— ' Fodolotus Rotle (Ft. Simal., 1S8.— Sot. 
 
 Endi., Gen., n. 6571. — A. Gbat, in Frooeed. Mag., t. 1350). 
 Amer. Acad., vi. 188. * Species about 500. Cat., Icon., 1. 133, 188.— 
 
 ' BoiSB., Vot/., 176. The sutures are not H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi, 492, 495, 584- 
 
 intruded in the narrow legume of Bomalolus 586 {Fhaca). — Pallas, Astragal., 1. 1-26, 28- 
 
 NuiT. (ap. ToEB. & Ge., Fl. N. Amer., i. 353). 36, 38-41, 54, 55, 58-65, 66B-70, 79, 82-84,— 
 
 T 2 
 
276 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 90. Oxytropis DC — Flowers of Astragalus. Grermen sessile or 
 stipitate, oo-ovulate; style straight or curved, beardless; stigma 
 minute or capitate, terminal. Legume sessile or stipitate, rather 
 turgid, undivided, 2-valvedj placenta more or less intruded and 
 projecting within. Seeds funiculate reniform exariUate. — Small or 
 large shrubs, or herbs ; unarmed or with hardened spinescent petioles ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; stipules free or adnate to petiole; flowers^ 
 in racemes or spikes ; inflorescences axiUary or springing from wood 
 of stem; bracts small, bractlets minute or 0' [Eurojye, cold and 
 mountainous regions of Asia, and America'"'). 
 
 91. Biserrula L.' — Flowers of Astragalus. Germen sessile oo- 
 ovulate ; style curved, rather thick, tapering at apex ; stigma capitate 
 terminal. Legume linear, much flattened dorsally, longitudinally 
 divided within by a very narrow septum connecting dorsal and 
 ventral sutures into 2 lateral oo-seeded cells ; valves 2, lateral com- 
 pressed ; keels simulating margins of legume, nearly equally toothed 
 or serrated; teeth entire or minutely toothed. Seeds reniform 
 exarillate ; radicle long inflexed. — A diffuse herb ; leaves impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets oo, emarginate exstipeUate ; stipules 2, lateral, 
 adnate to base of petiole ; flowers' few, in axillary long-pedunculate 
 spikes ; bracts minute {Mediterranean^. 
 
 FiSOH., Syn. Astrag. Tragac., t. A.-M. — ^Dese., ' Astragal., 24, 66, t. 2-6, 8 ; Prodr., ii. 
 
 M. Atlant., 1. 194 (Anth/llis), 202-207.— Beot., 275.— Endi.., Gen., n, 6572. — B. H., Gen., 507, 
 
 '*. iMsit., t. 59, 60.^ Jacq., Icon. Ma/r., 1. 151, n. 134. — Spiesia Neck., lElem., u. 1311. 
 152—155, 561 ; Sort. Vindob., 1. 174 ; Fl. Austr., ^ Whitish, pale yellow, purple, or violet, 
 
 t. 38, 251. — Deless., Ic. Set, iii. 41, t. 72. — ' This genus, which scarcely differs from As- 
 
 liBDEB., Icon. Fl. Moss., t. 88, 95, 103, 284, 286, tragalus hy the septum formed by the intrusion 
 
 287, 289-291, 293-300, 307, 315, 316, 318, of the placenfcaiy suture, ought perhaps rather to 
 
 330. — Teatttit., Im. Fl. Suss., t. 17, 34. — be reduced to a section thereof. 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., t. 54^56 {Fhaca), 57. — ■* " Species about 100." — Pail., Astragal, t. 
 
 Hook. & Amt., Beech. Voy. Bot., t. 81.— 27, 37, 42-53, 56, 57, 66 A., 71-78, 80, 81.— 
 
 SiBTH., Fl. Greec, t. 727-736.— Vis., Fl. Dal- Jaoq., Fl. Austr., t. 51, 167. — Ledeb., Icon. Fl. 
 
 mat., t. 46— EoTLE, Illustr., t. 33.— MoE., Fl. Moss., t. 54, 55, 279, 281, 282, 285, 288, 292, 
 
 Sard., t. 65.— Fenzi, III. Fl. Syr., t. 5-8 j in 315, 381, 451, 457. — Tbauttv., Im. Fl. Muss., 
 
 TcHhatch. As. Min., t. 2, 3. — BoE. & Met., Fn. t. 12, 13 j in Midd. Meis., t. 7. — Jacqtjem., 
 
 PI. Sais. Nor., t. 2-7. — BoE., Eel. Lehman., t. Voy., t. 44, 45. — A. Gbay, in Proceed. Amer. 
 
 10, 13-15.— Kl., in Wald. Meis., Bot, t. 2 Acad.,yi.2Z4s. — Bot.Reg.,t.W5i.—Boi. Mag., 
 
 (Phaca), 3-5.— Haev., Thes. Cap., t. 82.— t. 2147, 2483.— Waip., Mep., i. 690, ii. 861 ; v. 
 
 Haet. & Som., Fl. Cap., ii. 224. — Toee. & 517; ^»»., i. 234; ii. 370; iv. 496. 
 Ge., in Bechu). et Gunn. Fxped., t. 3. — A. * Gen., n. 893. — J., Gen., 358. — G^etn., 
 
 Geat, in Proc. Amer. Acad., vi. 188. — Bakee, Fruct., ii. 340, t. 154. — Lamk., Diet., vi. 77 ; 
 
 in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.,\\. 131 .— Bot. Meg., t. Suppl., iv. 655; HI, t. 622.— DC, Prodr., ii. 
 
 176, 1324.— -Boi. Mag., t. 375, 843, 2335, 2380, 307.— Endi., Gen., n. 6574.— B. H., Gen., 507, 
 
 2665, 3193, 3263, 3268. — Waip., Mep., i. 684 n. 135. — Pelecirms T., Imt., 417, t. 234. 
 (Phaca), 695; ii. 860 (Phaea), 863; v. 517; « Bluish, small. 
 
 Ann., i. 233 (Fhaca), 235; ii. 368 [Phaca), 370; ? Species 1. B. Pelecinus L., Spec, 1073.— 
 
 iv. 495 (Phaca), 496. Gieseck, Icon., fasc. i. t. 17. — Sibth., Fl. 
 
LEGUMINOB^-PAPILIONACE^. 277 
 
 92. Gueldenstsedtia Fisch." — Calyx unequally 5-toothed; 2 
 superior teeth broader. Standard suborbicular or obovate, erect 
 patent ; wings obovate oblong ; keel short obtuse. Stamens 10, 9- 
 connate; axillary stamen free; anthers uniform. Germen sessile 
 
 oo-ovulate ; style short inflexed beardless ; stigma broad lateral. 
 Legume linear or ovoid, terete turgid ; placentary suture depressed 
 intruded; 2-valved. Seeds reniform, smooth or scrobiculate. — 
 Perennial herbs, almost stemless or decumbent ; leaves imparipinnate 
 or 1 -foliolate ; stipules free or adnate to petiole ; flowers^ solitary or 
 oftener on axillary, shortly racemose, subumbellate scapes {Russian 
 Asia, Himalaya^). 
 
 93. Glycyrrhiza T.^ — Eeceptacle shortly obconical, glandular 
 within ; calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, nearly equal or 2 superior 
 shorter and connate to a variable height. Petals all free ; standard 
 ovate or oblong, usually narrow, contracted at base, erect ; wings 
 obliquely oblong, acute or obtuse ; keel shorter than wings. Stamens 
 10, 2-adelphous ; 9 connate into an often short sheath cleft above; 
 1 free or adnate on one side to sheath ; 5 alternate anthers smaller ; 
 cells opening rather deeply on dehiscence. Germen sessile 1- oo- 
 ovulate ; style filiform or rather thick, curved at apex ; apex capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume of variable form, sometimes short linear, 
 sometimes ovate or oblong ; straight or more or less arched, turgid or 
 compressed, smooth or oftener glandular or muricated, continuous 
 within, indehiscent or rather late becoming 2-valved. Seeds ovate 
 globose, or reniform, exarillate. — Perennial herbs, glabrous or oftener 
 glandular ; root often sweet ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets cc 
 or more rarely few (3, 5'), entire or with small glandular teeth ; 
 stipels or minute setaceous ; stipules narrowed at apex, membranous 
 caducous ; flowers' in axillary sessile or pedunculate spikes or ra- 
 
 OriBc., t. 737. — ^Bakbk, in OUv. M. Trap. Afr., Gjebtn., Frtict., ii. 319, t. 148. — Lamk., Diet., 
 
 ii. 138.— Waip., ^»»., li. 397. vi. 88; Suppl., iv. 656; JZ/., t. 625. — DC, 
 
 ' FiscH., ex DC, ]?rodr., ii. 307.— Endl., iVoffo-., ii. 247. — Khbl., (?e»., n. 6532. — B. H., 
 
 een., n. 6570.— B. H. Gen., 506, n. 132. Gen., 508, n. \ZQ.—Lic[uintm Mojnoh, Meth., 
 
 2 "Violet (or lemon-coloured ?)" 152. — Pees., Syn., ii. 313. — Clidanthera K. Be., 
 
 ' Species about 7. FlscH., in Mem. Soc, in App. Sitirt. Mxp., 10. — Meristotrophis FiscH. 
 
 Sist. Nat. Mosc, vi. 179, 1. 19.— Pallas, As- & Mey., Ind. Sem. Mart. Petrop., ix. 95.— Gly- 
 
 trag., t. 66 {Astragalus). — DC, Astrag., t. 49 cyrrhiiopsis Boiss., Diagn. PI. Or., s^r. 2, v. 82. 
 (Astragalus). — Deless., Icon. Sel., iii. 41, t. ' In section Meristotrophis, wherein the ger- 
 
 73. — Walp., Sep., i. 684. men is 2-ovulate and the fruit 1-seeded. 
 
 * Inst., 889, t. 210. — L., Gen., n. 882. — ^ White, yellowish, or oftener blue or violet. 
 
'278 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 cemes ; bracts caducous ; bractlets {Southern Europe, temperate and 
 subtropical Asia, northern Africa, western North, and tropical South 
 America, Australia). 
 
 94. Calophaca Fisch.'— Calyx tubular, usually glandular ; lobes 
 nearly equal or 2 superior connate to a greater height, imbricated in 
 sestivation. Petals unequally unguiculate ; standard ovate or subor- 
 bicular, erect patent ; lateral margins folded back, often bearing ap- 
 pendages within a little above base ; wings oval-oblong subfalcate free, 
 rather long-unguiculate ; keel curved, about equal to wings, obtuse or 
 emarginate at apex. Stamens 10, 9 connate ; vexillary stamen free ; 
 anthers uniform, often fixed by middle of back. Germen sessile qd- 
 ovnlate; style slender beardless arched; stigma minute terminal. 
 Legume linear, finally terete or turgid, often acute, villous, stuflPed, 
 or bare within, 2-valved. Seeds subreniform exariUate. — Herbs or 
 shrubs, often glandular pubescent ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets 
 entire exstipellate ; stipules membranous or herbaceous, more or less 
 adnate to petiole ; flowers' few, rather large, shortly racemose or sub- 
 umbeUate; bract 1 -flowered; bractlets, 2, lateral, usually inserted 
 below calyx ; inflorescences axillary ; peduncles long {Russian and 
 western Asia*). 
 
 95. Halimodendron Fisch." — Calyx posteriorly gibbous ; teeth 
 5, short ; 2 superior subconnate. Corolla of Calophaca ; keel curved. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers uniform. Glermen stipitate 
 co-ovulate ; style inflexed beardless ; apex minute stigmatiferous. 
 Legume obovate or oblong, thick coriaceous, turgid, dehiscing rather 
 late; placentary suture slightly impressed. Seeds subreniform, 
 shining exarillate. — A shrub ; leaves paripinnate ; some of leaflets 
 at apex of petiole often spinescent ; stipules subulate ; flowers* 
 
 ' " Species about 12." PjSLL., Voy., t. 80, ^ Yellow or violet, rather large. 
 
 81.— Jacq., Sort. Vindob., t. 95. — Jacq. p., * Species 6 or 7. Paii,., Fl. Soss., t. 4V {ty- 
 
 Eclog., t. 56. — Waidst, & Kit., PI. Sar. tisus). — Lvmam., Arhr., eA. 2, t. i8 (Ct/tisus.) — 
 
 Sungar., t. 21.— Desf. Fl. Atlant., t. 199.— Jato. et Spaoh., III. Plant. Or., i. 93, t. 47, 
 
 SlBTH., Fl. Grsec, t. 708, 709.— Benth., Fl. 4S{Chemeya). — Boisa., Diaffn. Plant. Or., vi. Si. 
 
 Austral., ii. 225.— Sot Mag., t. 2150, 2154.— — Walp., Hep., ii. 859; Ann.,\. 232 {Chesneya). 
 
 Walp., iJr^., i. 672;ii. 857;^«»., i. 231. « Ex DC, Mim. Legum., 283; Proct/r., ii. 
 
 2 Ex DC, Prodr., ii. 270.— Endi., Gen., u. 269.— Endl., Gen., n. 6559.— B. H., Gen., 505, 
 
 6560.— B. H., Gen., 505, n. 131.— CAcmeyo n. 129. — Salodendron DC, in Mem. Soc. Gen. 
 
 LlNDL., in Chesn. It. ad Fuphr,, ex Endi., (Mart. 1824). 
 
 Gen., n. 6558. ' Rather large, violet. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAFILIONACE^. 279 
 
 subumbellate, in twos or threes ; peduncles axillary or fascicled at 
 old nodes ; bracts and bractlets small {Russian Asia^). 
 
 96. Caragana Lamk.^ — Eeceptacle somewhat concave, glandular 
 within, narrowed and rather gibbous posteriorly. Calyx gamose- 
 palous to a considerable height, tubular ; 3 posterior teeth smaller 
 or deeply separated. Standard ovate or suborbicular, erect patent, 
 narrowed into a long claw;^ lateral margins folded back; wings 
 oblique unguiculate free; keel nearly straight, obtuse. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous, 9 connate into a long tube cleft above; vexillary 
 stamen free ; anthers uniform. Germen subsessile oo-ovulate ; style 
 straight or curved, beardless ; stigma terminal minute obtuse. 
 Legume sessile linear, finally terete or turgid, usually acute, bare or 
 villous within. Seeds oo, transverse exarillate. — Trees or shrubs; 
 leaves paripinnate, often fascicled ; petiole sometimes hardened 
 spinescent or terminated by a slender bristle ; stipules either minute 
 herbaceous, or subulate or spinescent; flowers'' solitary or sub- 
 umbellate, few ; peduncles long, axillary at base of young shoots or 
 fasoLcled at old nodes {Himalayas, Russian Asia^). 
 
 97. Psoralea L.° — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a glandular 
 disk ; centre raised into a short column su'pporting ovary at apex. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, nearly equal or lowest larger than 
 others ; higher lobes often connate to a variable height ; aestivation 
 slightly imbricated. Petals nearly equal in length or keel shorter 
 than others ; standard orbicular ovate or obovate, contracted at 
 base or 2-auriculate above claw ; wings oblong falcate, 1-auriculate 
 above claw; keel curved obtuse, with shortly unguiculate petals 
 slightly cohering at middle. Stamens .10, 3-adelphous (9-1) or 
 
 ' Species 1. M. wrgenieum DC, loc. cit. — Q-ard., t. 227. — Bot. Beg., 1. 1021. — Bot. . 
 
 Bobinia Mahdendron h. v., Suppl., 330. — t. 1886. — Waip., Bep., i. 681; ii. 858; Aim., 
 
 Pall., M. Boss., t. 36 ; Voi/. (ed. gall.), App., iv. 494. 
 
 n. 360, t. 83, fig. l.—Bot. Mag., t. 1016.— « Gen., n. 894.— J., Gen., 355.— G^btn., 
 Caragana argentea Lamk., III., t. 607, fig. 3. Fruct, ii. 308, t. 145. — Lamk., Diet., v. 680 ; 
 2 JDict., i. 615 ; III., t. 607, fig. 1, 2.— DC, III., t. 614.— DC, Prodr., ii. 216.— Ekdl., 
 Brodr., ii. 269.— Endl., Gen., n. 6557.— B. H., Gew., n. 6526.— 13. H., Gen,., 491, n. 83.— Bo- 
 Gen., 505, 11. 130. ryahmwm MffiNCH, Meth., 253 (nee T.) — Bate- 
 ^ Margins much involute in bud. ria Mcenoh, loc. cit. (ex Endl.). — FoUcadenia 
 * Yellow or more rarely reddish-white. Ell., Carol., ii. 198. — Bhgnchodium Pkesl, 
 ' Species about 15. Pall., Fl. Boss., t. 42- Bot. Bern., 54. — Meladenia TuEOZ., in Bull. 
 45; Astragal., t. 85, 86. — Ledbb., Icon. Fl. Mosc. (1848), i. 576. — Bipontinia Alep., in 
 Boss., t. 464.— ROTLB, III. Himal., t. 34.— Jahresb. d. PoUicUa (1866). 
 Jacquem., Vog., t. 43. — Sweet, Brit. Fl. 
 
280 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 vexillary stamen more or less connate with remainder ; tube usually 
 closed at commencement of anthesis, often abruptly constricted a 
 little above base; anthers small, uniform or 5 alternate aflBxed 
 higher than remainder. Grermen articulated at base ; ovule 1, campy- 
 lotropous descending ; style filiform or dilated at base, curved above ; 
 apex capitate stigmatiferous. Fruit ovate dry indehiscent, sur- 
 rounded by persistent calyx. Seed exarillate ;' embryo fleshy ; radicle 
 superior inflexed accumbent. — Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbs, 
 sprinkled with black or pellucid glands ; leaves pinnate or digitate 
 3- oc-foliolate, more rarely 1-foliolate; stipules broad, embracing 
 stem at base ; flowers^ capitate spicate or subracemose ; inflorescences 
 pedunculate axillary or (the floral leaves being reduced to bracts) 
 crowded in compound terminal spikes ; bracts membranous, 1-3- 
 flowered ; bractlets {Temperate regions of Europe, Asia, North and 
 South America, and northern Africa ; southern Africa, Atcstralia^). 
 
 98. Dalea L." — Teeth or lobes of calyx 5, usually nearly equal, 
 and persistent accrescent round fruit, often plumose. Petals often 
 adnate to base of staminal tube ; standard often altogether £ree, 
 subcordate ; claw tapering ; wings and keel about equal to or longer 
 than standard. Stamens 10, or 9 (vexillary stamen absent), 1- 
 adelphous, connate close to base into a dilated cup ; sheath a little 
 higher longitudinally cleft above ; anthers uniform, often surmounted 
 by a gland. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules 2, or more 
 rarely 3, 4, descending ; style subulate, often hollow tubular ; apex 
 evenly truncate or scarcely dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume included 
 by calyx and receptacle, membranous, usually 1 -seeded, indehiscent. 
 Seed oblong or reniform, exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs, often 
 sprinkled with glandular dots ; leaves imparipinnate, sometimes 
 minutely stipellate ; leaflets oo or more rarely 3, very rarely 1 ; 
 stipules small, usually subulate ; flowers^ in terminal or oppositi- 
 
 ' " Often adhering to pericarp." Afr., ii. 64. — Bot. Reg., t. 223, 453, 454, 968, 
 
 3 White, blue, or purple. 1769, \Ql\.—Bot. Mag., t. 446, 665, 990, 1727, 
 
 ■* Species about 100. Jacq., Ic. Hoar., t. 2063, 2090, 2158. — Waip., Mep., i. 655; ii. 
 
 562 ; Sort. Vindob., 1. 184 ; Borf. Sehomhr., t. 856 ; v. 513 ; Awn., i. 230 ; ii. 361 ; iv. 486. 
 
 223-230. — K., Mimos., t. 54.— Vent., Jard. « Sort. Cliffort., 363, t. 22 (nee G^btn., 
 
 Malm., t. 94. — Sibth., FL Q-rcec, t. 738.— neo P. Bfi.).— DC, Prodr., ii. 244.— Eni)l!| 
 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., t. 51-53.— Hook. & &en., n. 6523.— B. H., ©em., 493, n. 88.— Poro- 
 
 Abn., Beech. Voy., Bot., t. 80. — Haet. & Sond., sella Cat., Flench. Sort. Matrit. — Cylipogon 
 
 Fl. Cap., ii. 143. — Habt., Thes. Cap., t. 80. — Eafin. (part.), ex Endl. — Trichopodium Pbesl, 
 
 Benih., Fl. Austral., ii. 189- — H. Bw., Adan- Bot. Bern., 52 (neo LiNBi.). 
 
 sonia,ix. 233, 291. — Bakee, in Olk.Fl. Trop. * Whitish, blue, purplish, or more rarely yellow. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 281 
 
 folious spikes or racemes ; pedicels short ; bracts membranous, rather 
 broad, concave above, appressed to legume, sprinkled with glandular 
 dots, subscarious or setaceous ; bractlets {North, Central, and Andine 
 America, Chili^). 
 
 99. Marina? Liebm.'' — "Lobes of calyx nearly equal, dentate 
 ciliate. Standard long-unguiculate, obovate rotundate ; wings fal- 
 cate obovate ; keel cucuUate, shorter than standard or wings. Sta- 
 mens 10, aU connate into a sheath cleft above; anthers uniform. 
 Grermen sessile 1-ovulate; style filiform glabrous; stigma simple. 
 Legume included by calyx, membranous indehiscent. Seed sub- 
 reniform. — A herb, tender annual diffuse, sprinkled with violet 
 dots ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, very small, quite entire, 
 minutely stipeUate ; stipules broad scarious dentate ; racemes' extra- 
 axillary or leaf-opposed ; peduncle filiform ; bracts minute scarious" 
 {Mewico*). 
 
 TOO. Petalostemon Michx.' — Calyx gamosepalous and rather 
 inflated at base ; teeth or lobes nearly equal, more rarely posterior 
 one larger than others. Petals very dissimilar ; standard broadly 
 cordate or reniform, concave or cupulate ; claw thin slender ; wings 
 somewhat similar to and often shorter than petals of keel, very 
 oblique, oblong ; claw thin, nearly free or adnate to base of andro- 
 ceum. Stamens 5, oppositipetalous ; filaments scarcely perigynous, 
 connate at base into a sheath cleft above ; anthers uniform, often 
 surmounted by a dorsal gland. Grermen sessile or scarcely stipitate ; 
 style subulate, much inflexed in aestivation ; stigma terminal, usually 
 minute and not thickened. Ovules 2, amphitropous, coUaterally 
 descending ; micropyle extrorse superior. Fruit small, included by 
 calyx, membranous, usually indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Seed reniform 
 
 ■ Species about 80. — Cat., Icon., t. 86, 87, ^ In VidensJc. Meddel. (1853), 103. — B. H., 
 
 201, 240, 271, 325, 394.— Jacq., Ic. Em-., t. Gen., 492, u. 85. 
 563.— Vebt., Jard. Cels., t. 40.— W., SoH. ^ " Flowers few, smaU, violet." 
 
 Serol., t. 89. — MiCHX., Fl. Sor.-Amer., ii. 56, ■* Species 1. M. gradlia Liebm., loc. cit. — 
 
 t. 38.— K., Mimos., t. 47-49.— H. B. K., JSfov. Walp., Am., iv. 478. 
 
 O-en. et Spec, vi. 480. — Hook., &of. FL, t. 43.— ' Fl. Bor.-Amer., ii. 48, t. 37. — DC, Frodr., 
 
 ToBE. & Ge., Fl. IS. Amer., ii. 307. — Benth., ii. 243.— Ewdi., Gen., n. 6522. — B. H., Gen., 
 
 i., t. 10. — Ci., in C. Gay Fl. GUI., ii. 8.— 493, n. Sd.—Kuhnistera Lame., Diet., iii. 370. — 
 
 MoEic, Fl. Nowv. Amer., t. 3—8, 45. — A. Gbat, Oylipogon Bafin., in Journ. Fhys., Ixxxix. 97 
 
 in Proc. Amer. Acad., vii. 335, 397. — Walp., (part. excl. Dalece spec, plur., v. supra, p. 280, 
 
 JJep., i. 652; ii. 855; v. 513: Awn., i. 228; ii. not. 4). — Gatesia Beeiol., Misc. Sot., vii. 30, 
 
 359 ; iv. 482. t. 1. 
 
282 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 exarillate. — ^Annual or often perennial herbs, sprinkled with glan- 
 dular dots ; leaves imparipinnate exstipellate ; stipules setaceous ; 
 flowers in heads or oftener in spikes ; inflorescences terminal or leaf- 
 opposed ; peduncles usually long ; bracts narrow setaceous or broad 
 membranous, imbricated; bractlets {Hot regions of North America!). 
 
 101. Bysenhardtia H. B. IL? — Mowers almost those of Balea; 
 calyx nearly equally 5-toothed. Petals nearly equal in length, long- 
 unguiculate ; standard subobovate ; wings and petals of keel narrower, 
 nearly similar to each other. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers 
 uniform. Germen subsessile (of Baled) ; style hooked at apex with 
 introrse oblique stigmatiferous summit, or minutely capitate and 
 geniculate below apex, the joint furnished with an anterior gland at 
 base. Legume small oblong-falcate, not included, rather compressed, 
 indehiscent (?). Seeds 1, 2, oblong-reniform. — Shrubs, sometimes 
 spinous, sprinkled with glandular dots ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaf- 
 lets 00, minutely stipellate ; stipules small subulate ; flowers' race- 
 mose ; racemes terminal, simple or branched bearing leaves at base ; 
 pedicels very short ; bracts and bractlets narrow caducous {South- 
 western North America*). 
 
 102. Amorpha L.* — Calyx gamosepalous to a considerable height ; 
 teeth or lobes very nearly equal or lower ones longer ; aestivation 
 imbricated, often finally subvalvate. Petal 1, vexillary, obovate 
 erect unguiculate; limb protecting reproductive organs. Stamens 
 10, connate at base into a sheath cleft above, higher free ; alternipe- 
 talous stamens longer ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules 2, 
 descending ; style curved, glabrous or villous ; stigma small terminal. 
 
 . Legume short oblong, lunulate or falcate, indehiscent. Seeds 1, 2. — 
 Shrubs or undershrabs, glabrous or pubescent and sprinkled with 
 minute glandular dots; leaves alternate imparipinnate; leaflets 
 numerous; stipels usually setaceous, very caducous; stipules 
 
 ' Species about 15. Toeb. & Ge., M. N. 699. — A. Gbat, in Bost. Journ. of Nat. Hist., 
 
 Amer., i. 309. — Bot. Mag., t. 1707.— MoEic, vi. 173. — A. Scheele, in Zinncea, xxi. 462. — 
 
 Fl. Noav. Amer., t. 44 {Dalea). — Walp., Sep., H. Bir., in Adansonia, ix. 239. — Waxp., Ann.., 
 
 i. 651 ; Anm., ii. 359 ; iv. 481. ii. 360. 
 
 s Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 489, t. 592. — DC, * Qen., n. 861.— Lamk., Diet., i.l37; Suppl., 
 
 Frodr., ii. 257.— Endl., Qen., u. 6525.— B. H., i. 330 j III., t. 621 .— GjEetn., Fruct., ii. 304, t. 
 
 Gen., 492, u. 86. 144.— DC, Frodr., ii. 256.— Endl., Gen., n. 
 
 3 White. 6524.— B. H., Gen., 492, u. %1 .—Bonafidia 
 
 * Species 3. Tobb. & Gb., Fl. N. Amer., i. Neck., Elem., n. 1364. 
 
LEGUMmOS^-PAPILIONACE^. 283 
 
 subulate ; very caducous ; flowers^ in dense spicate racemes ; racemes 
 terminal, simple or branched ; pedicels articulated at apex ; bracts 
 and bractlets narrow, very caducous {North America^. 
 
 103. Paryella A. Gray.' — "Calyx obconical 5-tootbed; teeth 
 short equal. Petals 0. Stamens 10 ; filaments inserted in bottom 
 of calyx, free ; anthers uniform. Grermen 3-ovulate ; style rather 
 thick, slightly exserted from calyx, Hooked at apex ; stigma gland- 
 like lateral (of Eysenhardtia). Legume indehiscent, obliquely ob- 
 ovate coarsely glandular, tapering at base stipitate, surrounded by 
 persistent calyx, filled by solitary oval seed ; cotyledons oblong 
 foliaceous ; radicle inflexed. — A small shrub, much branched, almost 
 glabrous ; branches broom-like ; branches and leaves sparingly 
 sprinkled with glandular dots ; leaflets plurijugate with an odd 
 one, filiform channelled petiolulate; stipules and stipels or 
 reduced to small glands; flowers small, in terminal spikes" (iVew 
 Mexico*). 
 
 104. Apoplanesia Presl.' — "Calyx membranous; lobes obtuse, 
 nearly equal, growing much after anthesis ; venation reticulated 3- 
 ribbed. Petals nearly equal in length, unguiculate ; standard ob- 
 ovate -oblong reflexed; wings oblique linear undulate; keel-petals 
 free spathulate obtuse undulate. Stamens 10, all connate at base 
 into a short sheath cleft above; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile 1- 
 ovulate ; style filiform glabrous ; stigma oblique capitate. Legume 
 semi-orbicular compressed half-included coriaceous glandular 
 wrinkled cymbiform apiculate. — An erect shrub, sprinkled with 
 glandular dots ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, quite entire, 
 petiolulate exstipellate ; stipules ; flowers^ difluse, in axillary and 
 terminal cx) -flowered panicles ; bracts minute" {Mexico''). 
 
 105. Asagrsea H. Bn.^ — Eeceptacle shortly turbinate, 10-ribbed, 
 lined by a thin disk. Calyx tubular-campanulate, shortly 5-lobed ; 
 
 ' Small, whitish, or violet. ' In Proceed. Amer. Acad., vii. 397. 
 
 ^ Species 8 or 9. MiOHX., M. Bar. -Amer., ii. * Species 1. P. filifolia A. Gray, loc. cit. 
 
 64 — NiTTT., Q-en. Amer., ii. 91. — TOBB. & Gb., * Symbol., i. 63, t. 41. — Endl., Oen., n. 
 
 Fl. N. Amer., i. 305. — A. Gray, in Proceed. 6731.— B. H., Qen., 492, n. 84.— il 
 
 Amer. Acad., vii. he. cit. — Sweet, Srit. Fl. Liebm., in Vidensk. Medd. (1853), 104. 
 Gard., t. 241. — Bot. Meg., t. AHl.—Bot. Mag., « "Small, white." 
 
 t. 2112 Walp., Uep., i. 654; Am,., ii. 360; ' Walp., Uep., v. 547; Ann., iv. 479. 
 
 iv. 485. ' In Adansonia ix. 232 (nee LlNDl..). 
 
284 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 tube furnislied outside with elliptical rather prominent coloured glands 
 (usually oo) ; lobes nearly equal, obtuse imbricated. Corolla perigy- 
 nously inserted at top of receptacle; standard broadly cordate, 
 shorter than keel, emarginate or cut at apex, callous within at base 
 above short claw ; wings with longer claws ; limb unevenly ovate ; 
 keel-petals resembling and longer than wings. Stamens 10, in- 
 serted with corolla, 1-adelphous; filaments connate into a sheath 
 cleft above ; anthers ovate-elliptical, furnished with an oblong gland 
 at back below apex. Germen shortly stipitate ; stalk slender excen- 
 tric; unevenly ovate, compressed, sparingly glandular at base; 
 ovules 6, 2-seriate, obliquely descending; style slender, curved at 
 apex, tubular; summit truncate stigmafciferous. Legume exserted, 
 imevenly ovate, apiculate turgid 1 -seeded (?). — A rigid branched 
 hoary shrub ; twigs ending in sharp spines ; leaves simple scattered 
 sessile, rather thick ; stipules minute narrow ; flowers' subspicate 
 along ends of spinescent twigs ; pedicels very short ; bracts flowered 
 caducous ; bractlets 2, inserted at middle of pedicel {California^). 
 
 IV. LOTEiE. 
 
 106. Lotus L. — Flowers irregular resupinate ; receptacle scarcely 
 concave. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth or lobes 5, nearly equal 
 {Krokeria, Mieroloius), or dissimilar and connate into two lips ; lowest 
 tooth or lobe sometimes longer than others. Corolla papilionaceous ; 
 standard suborbicular, obovate or ovate-acuminate, contracted at 
 base into an often short claw ; wings unevenly obovate ; keel curved 
 or inflexed, often 2-gibbous, beaked. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; 
 alternate filaments dilated at apex ; anthers uniform. Germen sub- 
 sessile ; ovules ex ; style soon inflexed, glabrous, either continuous 
 or furnished on inner side with a tooth or twig [Eulotus) or a mem- 
 brane (Tetragonolobus) ; stigma terminal or lateral. Legume oblong 
 or linear, subterete, straight curved or arched {Krokeria, Microlotus), 
 rarely turgid {Krokeria), bare or longitudinally 4-winged {Tetragono- 
 lobus) outside, bare or slightly stufied or more rarely septate within 
 between seeds. Seeds globose, suborbicular, or lenticular, exarUlate. 
 — Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous silky or hirsute ; leaves 3-5. 
 foliolate ; 3 leaflets close together at apex of petiole ; 1, 2 near base 
 
 ' Indigo. Dalea spinosa A. Gbat, Plant. Thm-her., 315. 
 
 ' Species 1. A. spinosa H. Bn., loo. cit. — Toee., in FarMs Mep., Sot., t. 3. 
 
LHOUMINOSM-FAPILIONAGBM. 285 
 
 of leaf, lateral stipuliform ; stipules minute or ; flowers on axillary 
 peduncles, solitary or oftener spuriously umbellate ; bract 1 below 
 flower, usually 3-foliolate ; other bracts small or ; bractlets 
 {JIl temperate and mountainous regions) . 
 
 107. Cytisopsis Jaub. & SpACH.' — Calyx long tubular, sub-2- 
 labiate; 2 superior lobes longer, more obtuse, and connate to a 
 greater height. Petals on very long linear claws, more or less 
 adnate to staminal tube; standard ovate; wings and keel-petals 
 nearly similar, slightly incurved, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1); filaments finally free slender, dilated below apex; anthers 
 small uniform. Germen shortly stipitate, subexoentric ; ovules oo ; 
 style slender, very long, curved alnd dilated above ; summit minutely 
 dilated, stigmatiferous. Legunle linear straight subterete, longer 
 than persistent calyx, thinly septate within between seeds, 2-valved; 
 valves coriaceous, rather thick. Seeds subglobose ; funicle short 
 exarillate. — A low difiuse shrub, silky pubescent; leaves sessile 
 digitate 5-7-foliolate exstipulate ; flowers^ 1-2 in each axil ; pedicel 
 furnished at middle with 2 ovate rigid concave opposite bractlets 
 {Syria^. 
 
 108. Dorycnium T." — Flowers oi. Lotus; calyx- lobes longer than 
 tube, nearly equal or lower lobes longer. Petals variable ; standard 
 oval-oblong or subspathulate, contracted into a short claw or 
 subsessile; wings oblong; keel shorter than wings, rather obtuse. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1 ; alternipetalous or aU filaments 
 rather dilated at apex ; anthers uniform. Grermen subsessile, 2- co, 
 ovulate ; style curved ; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume 
 oblong, shortly linear {Bonjeania^) or terete or turgid, 1- <x-seeded 
 subseptate or pulpy within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds ex- 
 arillate, globose or compressed ; embryo curved (green) ; radicle 
 inflexed accumbent ; albumen or thin membranous. — Herbs or 
 undershrubs, glabrous or villous ; leaves alternate digitate, usually 
 5-foliolate ; 2 inferior leaflets more or less remote from remainder ; 
 
 ' III. Plcmt. Orient., i. 154, t. 84. — B. H., 416. — See., in DC, Frodr., ii. 208.— Endl., 
 
 Gen., 489, u. 79. Gen., n. 6512.— B. H., Qen., 490, n. 80. 
 
 ' Yellow. ' Reiohb., Fl. Germ. Excurs., 507 ; PI. Crii., 
 
 ' _ t. 1000 (part.) — EoOH, Synops., 177. — Endl., 
 
 Wahp., Mep., T. 511. Q.en., n. 6513. (Other characters of Dorycrmm. 
 
 * Inst., 391, t. 211. — VllL., Bamph., iii. Germen pluriovulate.) 
 
286 NATUEAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 stipules 2, lateral minute, subulate or dot-like ; flowers' spuriously 
 capitate or umbellate (inflorescences axillary pedunculate), or solitary 
 or few terminal ; bract ] below inflorescence, leaf-like 1-3-foliolate ; 
 bractlets {Europe, western Asia, northern Africa^). 
 
 109. Hosackia Dougl.' — Eeceptacle obconical thin. Calyx gamo- 
 sepalous to a considerable Height ; teeth 5, nearly equal. Petals 
 long-unguiculate ; claws free from staminal tube ; standard obovate, 
 suborbicular, or ovate ; claw thin straight, remote from others ; 
 wings oblong-obovate, auriculate above at base ; keel curved, a little 
 shorter than wings, rather obtuse at apex. Stamens 10, 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1") ; all or alternate filaments slightly dilated below uniform 
 anthers. Germen sessile 2- co-ovulate, tapering at apex into a style ; 
 style slender, curved or inflexed, more or less dilated below apex ; 
 stigma small capitate terminal. Legume linear compressed (JEuho- 
 sackia), or subterete and straight or arched (JDrepanolobus), septate 
 within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds exariUate. — Herbs or under- 
 shrubs ; leaves 3-foliolate or oftener pinnate 2-co-foliolate; stipules 
 membranous or gland-like ; flowers'* in axillary spurious umbels or 
 umbellules, more rarely solitary ; bract minute, or l-cx) -foliolate at 
 base ; bractlets caducous [North and Central America^). 
 
 110. Anthyllis L." — Eeceptacles slightly concave, glandular 
 within. Calyx gamosepalous to a considerable height, tubular or 
 inflated ;' teeth or lobes nearly equal or 2 superior longer and more 
 or less connate. Petals on long claws often adnate at base to 
 staminal tube ; standard ovate or elliptical, abrupt or 2-auriculate at 
 base ; wings obtuse ; keel of variable form, shorter than wings, 
 curved, gibbous on both sides. Stamens 10 ; either all connate into 
 
 ' Whitish, pink, yellowish, or variegated. 2913. — Bot. Meg., 1. 1257, 1977. — A. Geat, in 
 
 2 Species 5 or 6. Smth., M. Otcbc, t. 759, Proceed. Ac. FMlad. (1863), 346 (part.). 
 
 760 {Lotns). — Webb, Phyt. Canar., t. 57-59. — Tobb., in Whi^pl. Exp., Bot., t. 4. 
 
 Jatjb. & Space, III. Plant. Orient., t. 473. — ^ Gen., n. 864. — J., &en., 355. — G^etn., 
 
 Bot. Mag., t. SSe.—WA^^., Sep., i. 64,1 ; Ann., Fruct., 307, t. 145.— DC, Prodr., ii. 168.— 
 
 ii. 335 ; iv. 476. Space, Suit, a Bwffon, i. 214.— Endi., Oen., n. 
 
 3 Ex BlNTH., in Bot. Meg., 1. 1257.— Endi., 6506.— B. H., Gen., 488, n. 1?,.~Vulneraria 
 <?«»., n. 6517.— B. H., £?e»., 491, 11. 82.— %»•- Mcemh, Meth., 146. — Physanthyllis Boiss., 
 
 matiwm Voo., in lAnncea, x. 590. Foy., 162. — Cornicina Boiss., loc. cit.—Doryc- 
 
 * Yellow or reddish, middle-sized. , nopsis Boiss., op. cit., 163. 
 
 ' Species about 25. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 1 Persistent calyx little or scarcely inflated in 
 
 Spec, vi. t. 578, 579 (Tephrosia). — Bbnth., in 3 sections : Aspalathoides (DC), Cornicina 
 
 Tram. Linn. Soc, xvii. 364 (part.). — ToEB. & (DC), and Borycnopsis ; much inflated in 2 
 
 Ge., M. N. Amer., i. 328. — Bot. Mag., t. sections, Vulneraria and Physant, 
 
LEQUMINOSM-FAPILIONAO'E^. 287 
 
 a closed tube, or 9 connate; vexillary stamen often shorter and 
 thinner, partly, and ultimately after anthesis entirely, free ; all or 5 
 filaments dilated at apex ; anthers uniform. G-ermen suhsessile or 
 oftener stipitate,. 2- oo -ovulate ; style glabrous ; stigma terminal. 
 Legume ovoid or shortly linear, straight, arched, or falcate, included 
 by or scarcely projecting beyond persistent more or less inflated 
 calyx, turgid, indehiscent or late becoming 3-valved, 1- oo-se^aed, 
 continuous or transversely septate within.' Seeds exarill^te. — 
 Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbs ; leaves pinnate or 1-foliolate ; 
 stipules minute or ; flowers^ unevenly capitate or shortly race- 
 mose, more rarely solitary; peduncles axillary or 2, 3 crowded 
 pseudo-terminal at extremities of twigs ; bracts and bractlet^ 
 setaceous small or {Europe, northern Africa, western AsiaF). 
 
 111. Securigera DC.^ — Eeceptacle very short, glandular within. 
 Calyx short; lobes nearly equal; 2 superior often shorter, lateral 
 thicker connate to a greater height. Petals free from androceum ; 
 standard suborbicular, usually suhsessile ; wings obliquely oblong ; 
 keel curved, shortly beaked. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); fila- 
 ments more or less dilated above; anthers uniform or oppositi- 
 petalous a little shorter. Germen sessile cx3 -ovulate ; style curved 
 glabrous; apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear falcate 
 piano-compressed acuminate, indehiscent or late becoming 2-valved ; 
 endocarp finally separable ; margins broadly thickened, furrowed at 
 suture. Seeds flattened square. — Diffuse herbs, glabrous; leaves 
 alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets quite entire, exstipellate ; stipules 
 membranous small ; flowers* umbellate at extremities of long axU- 
 lary peduncles, nutant ; bracts small reflexed ; bractlets {Southern 
 Eurojpe, northern Africa, western Asia^). 
 
 ' The character of the legume varies in the GircEc., t. 682, 683. — Vis., M. Dalmat., t. 42. — 
 
 5 sections as follows : 1. Dorycnopsis. Legume Boiss., Voi/., t. 48-50, i62, 163. — Dusi'., M. 
 
 straight ovoid 1-2-seeded indehiscent. — 2. Fht/s- Atlant., 1. 195. — Bakek, in Oliv. M. Trap. Afr., 
 
 anthylUs. Straight membranous, 1-seeded or ii. 60. — So*. Jfo^., 1. 1927, 2576, 3284. — Waip., 
 
 constricted between the 2 seeds. — 3. VuVneraria. . Mep., i. 634 ; ii. 846 j Ann., i. 224 ; iv. 473. 
 
 straight or slightly falcate, continuous within, * Fl. de Fr., iv. 609 j Frodr., ii. 313. — B. II., 
 
 1-3-seeded. — 4. Aspalathoides. Straight or sub- &e«,., 489, n. 78. — Seouridaca T., Inst., 399, t. 
 
 falcate, hard, scarcely dehiscent, 1-seeded or 224. — Gmuts., Fruct., ii. 837, 1. 153. — Lamk., 
 
 snbseptate between the 2 seeds. — 5. Cormcina. III., t. 629 (nee Diet., vii. 51, nee L.). — Bona- 
 
 Much curved or arched, more rarely moniliform, vena Scop., Introd., 1420. — Neck., Flem., n. 
 
 hard. 1820.— Endl., Q-en., n. 6589. 
 
 ^ Whitish, yellow, or reddish-purple. * White or yellow. 
 
 ' Species about 20. Jacq., Fl. Anstr., t. ^ Species 2. Desvx., Journ. Sot., i. 60, t. 4, 
 
 334.— Cat., lom., t. 39, 40, 150.— Sibih., Fl. fig. 7.— Sibth., Fl. Ghrcec, t. 712. 
 
288 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS- 
 
 112. HelminthoearpTim A. EiCH.' — Flowers very small (of 
 Lotus) ; 2 superior teeth of calyx broader. Petals long-unguiculate, 
 variably but slightly adherent to staminal tube. Keel rather obtuse. 
 Stamens of Lotus ; vexillary stamen free or more or less connate with 
 remainder. Germen sessile 2-ovulate ; style inflexed ; apex mi- 
 nutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume small linear sub-4-gonous, 
 circinately curved, coriaceous, transversely wrinkled by veins, sub- 
 septate within between seeds, indehiscent. — A slender prostrate 
 herb, with minute silky down ; leaves imparipinnate ; stipules 
 minute ; flowers'' subumbellate on peduncles in higher axils ; bracts 
 very small; bractlets {Abyssinia^). 
 
 113. Hymenocarpus Savi.' — Mowers almost those of Lotus; 
 calyx-lobes deep, nearly equal. Standard suborbicular ; keel beaked. 
 Stamens of Lotus. Germen sessile 2-ovulate ; style abruptly inflexed ; 
 stigma terminal. Legume broad compressed circinate ; exterior 
 margin broad membranous, nearly entire or unequally toothed 
 indehiscent. Seeds reniform exarillate. — An annual prostrate herb 
 leaves imparipinnate or lowest leaves 2-foliolate ; leaflets entire 
 stipules of higher leaves 0, of lower adnate to petiole (?) 
 flowers 2-4 at extremity of each axillary peduncle ; lowest bracts 
 fbliaceous ; remainder small, setaceous or obtuse ; bractlets (Medi- 
 terranean^). 
 
 V. TEIFOLIEJE. 
 
 114. Trifolium T. — Eeceptacle very short, lined by a disk. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; teeth or lobes 5, nearly equal or unequal ; 2 superior 
 more or less connate ; 1 or 3 inferior longer. Corolla usually mar- 
 cescent ; petals often connate at base, sometimes into a short tube ; 
 standard subobovate or oblong; wings narrow; keel shorter than 
 wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, either 2-adelphous (9-1), or more rarely 
 1-adelphous at middle ; all or 5 filaments often more or less dilated 
 at apex ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile or stipitate ; ovules few ; 
 style slender, curved above, hooked-inflexed at apex; stigma ter- 
 
 ' M. Alyss. Tent,, i. 200, t. 36. — B. H., « Species 1. B. drcmata Savi, loc. cit.~ 
 
 Gen., 489, n. 76. * Yellow. Sibth., Fl. Groec., t. 768. — MoEis, Fl. Sard., 
 
 2 Species 1, S. abyssinicum A. BiOH., loc. t. 34. — Dva., Bot. Gall.,\2Si. — Geen . & Gods., 
 
 <»«.— Baker, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 60. — Fl. de Fr., j. 382. — Medicago circinata L.', 
 
 Wam., ^«»., ii. 4^)6. Spec, 1096.— See., in DC, Prodr., ii. 171. 
 
 ■• Fl. Fis., ii. 205. — B. H., Gen., 489, n. 77. Aurioida muris Camerarii Bauh., Sitt, ii. 387. 
 
LBGVMINOSM-PAPILIONAOEM. 289 
 
 minal, capitate or oblique, or more rarely dorsal. Legume (usually 
 included by marcescent perianth) oblong subterete or obovate com- 
 pressed, usually membranous, indehiscent. Seeds 1 or few, exaril- 
 late. — Herbs ; leaves digitate, 3- or more rarely 5-7-foliolate, more 
 rarely pinnate ; leaflets marked by lines at margin, usually denti- 
 culate ; stipules adnate to petiole ; flowers capitate or spicate, more 
 rarely subumbellate or solitary; inflorescences sometimes 1 -lateral, 
 either axillary or leaf-opposed or (the terminal bud being un- 
 developed) spuriously terminal ; bracts variable or 0, persistent or 
 deciduous, lower ones sometimes connate into an involucre {Tempe- 
 rate and sub-tropical regions of Northern Hemisphere, tropical South 
 America, tropical Africa). See p. 209. 
 
 115. Medicago L.' — Eeceptacle somewhat concave ; calyx gamo- 
 sepalous, nearly equally 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals free ; standard 
 oblong or obovate, narrowed and contracted at base ; wings obliquely 
 oblong- keel longer or oftener shorter than wings, obtuse. Stamen 
 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; filaments not dilated, lower ones connate into a 
 broad sheath cleft above; anthers uniform. Germen sessile or shortly 
 stipitate, 1- or oftener oo-ovulate; style more or less dilated; apex 
 subulate glabrous ; stigma subcapitate oblique. Legume more or 
 less spirally falcate, or oftener spirally arched and reticulated, un- 
 armed or spinous, often prickly at back, scarcely or not dehiscent, 
 1- Go-seeded. Seeds exarillate. — Shrubs or oftener herbs ; leaves 
 pinnate 3-foliolate ; leaflets often denticulate ; stipules adnate to 
 petiole ; flowers^ solitary or few, or oftener numerous in cylindrical 
 or short capitate, axillary or subaxillary racemes ; bracts small or ; 
 bractlets {Northern and temperate regions af Mmup-e, Asia, Africa, 
 and America^). 
 
 116. Melilotus T.* — Calyx 5-toothed j teeth nearly equal to each 
 
 ' Gen., n. 1214. — J., G-en., 356. — Gjeein., Webb, Phyt. Canar., t. 56. — Coss., M. Alger,, 
 
 Fruci., ii. 348, 1. 155 See., in DC, Prodr., ii. t. 88, 89.— Geen. & Gode., FL de Fr.,\. 382.— 
 
 171.— Kndi., Gen., n. 6507.— B. H., Gen., 487, Bakee, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. hQ.—Pot. 
 
 n. m.—Meiwia T., Inat, 410, t. 231.— ? Hi/g- Mag., t. 909.— Waxp., Rep., i. 635 j ii. 487 ; 
 
 lopnon Vjs., Fl. Lib., 48, t. 19, fig. 2. Ann., i. 2^4; ii. 343 ; iv. 473. 
 
 2 Small ; violet or yellowish. ■• Inst., 406, t. 229. — J., Gen., 35G.—GsnTS., 
 
 ' Species about 40. Jacq., Hori. Vlndah., i. Fruct., ii. 333 (part.), t. 153 (part.). — liAMK:., 
 
 t. 89; Icon. Mm-., t. 156. — Cat., lean., ii. t. Diet., iv. 61; Suppl., iii. 646; Ill.,t. 613.— 
 
 130.— SiBTH., Fl. Grcec, t. 767, 769, 770.— See., in DC, Prodr., ii. 186.— Enbl., Gen., n. 
 
 ViB., Fl. BaVmat., t. 43.— MoEis, Fl. Sard., t. 6510.— B. H., Gen., 487, n. 73. 
 35-53.— DC, Icon. PI. Gall. Bar., t. 27, 28.— 
 
 VOL. II. U 
 
290 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 other and to the tube. Petals free from androceum, deciduous ; 
 standard obovate or oblong, subsessile ; wings oblong ; keel about 
 equal to or shorter than wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, 9 connate, 
 vexiUary stamen free or connate at middle with remainder ; filaments 
 not dilated ; anthers uniform. Grermen sessile or stipitate, pauci- or 
 Qo-ovulate ; style filiform, curved above ; stigma terminal, capitate or 
 oblique. Legume unevenly globose or ovoid, surrounded by long- 
 persistent calyx, straight thick striated, indehiscent or rather late 
 becoming 2-valved. Seeds solitary or few, exarillate, often sparingly 
 albuminous. — Annual or biennial herbs ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; 
 leaflets articulated, often denticulate ; stipules lateral, adnate to 
 petiole ; flowers' bracteate, in axillary or subaxiUary racemes ; 
 bractlets {Northern temperate regions of Old World''). 
 
 117. Trigonella L.' — Eeceptacle obconical to a variable height, 
 glandular within. Calyx gamosepalous tubular; teeth or lobes 
 nearly equal. Petals free from androceum; standard sessile or 
 shortly and broadly unguiculate; wings unevenly oblong, shorter 
 than standard ; keel shorter than wings or very short, obtuse. Sta- 
 mens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1), or vexiUary stamen connate at middle 
 with remainder ; filaments free at apex, more or less dUated below 
 uniform anthers. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules co, 2- 
 seriate ; style rather thick or filiform ; stigma dUated, terminal 
 or subterminal. Legume either thick, long-beaked or else linear, 
 compressed or terete or flat and broad ; straight, arched, or falcate, 
 indehiscent or 1-2-valved, continuous within. Seeds exarillate. — 
 Herbs ;' leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; leaflets often denticulate, arti- 
 culated at base ; stipules adnate to petiole ; flowers^ solitary, capi- 
 tate, subumbellate, or shortly and densely racemose, sessUe or 
 pedunculate; bracts small or inconspicuous; bractlets {Europe, 
 Asia, northern Africa, Australia^). 
 
 ' White, yellow, or bluish ; small. Endi., Gen., n. ehm.—Sotryolotus Jattb. & 
 
 2 Species about 10. Sibth., M. Qrac, t. Spach, III. Plant. Orient., i. 124, t. 63.— JPai- 
 741-743.— MoBis, M. Swrd., t. 56-59.— Coss., catula Beot., JPhyt. Lmif., 160, t. e5.—Apo- 
 M. Alger., t. 90. — Gebn. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., rantlms Beomp., Fl,. Vect., 117. ' 
 
 i. 399.— Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 52.— < Often fetid. 
 
 Walp., Sep., i. 638 ; Am., i. 225 ; u. 348. » White, yellow, or blue. 
 
 3 Gen., n. 898. — J., Gen., 356.— G^etn., « Species about 50. Sibth, Fl Grcec t 
 Frmt., ii. 332, t. 152.— See., in DC, Pro&r., ii. 761-766.— MoBis, Fl. Sard., t. "54 55 _ 
 181.— Etol., Gen., n. 6508.— B. H., Gen., 486, Teattttt., Im. Fl. Muss., t. '20.— Ja'cqtje'm 
 ". 71.— Pocockia See., in DC, Prodr., ii. 185.— Foy., Bof., t. 41, 42.— DC, PI. Gall Ear t 
 
LEGUMINOSJS-FAPILIONACE^. 291 
 
 lis. Parochetus Ham.' — Calyx-lobes 4, 5, imbricated; 2 superior 
 connate to a considerable height or entirely. Petals free from 
 staminal tube ; standard obovate, shortly unguiculate ; wings falcate- 
 oblong ; keel shorter than wings, inflexed. Stamens 10, 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1). Germen sessile, surrounded at base by a rather 
 prominent disk arched below, cc -ovulate; style glabrous, inflexed 
 above ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume linear, finally rather 
 turgid, obliquely acute, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds funi- 
 culate exarillate. — A prostrate herb, rooting at nodes ; leaves 
 digitate 3-foliolate ; stipules a little adnate to petiole or free ; 
 flowers'' axillary pedunculate, solitary or in twos or threes ; bracts 
 stipuliform ; bractlets {Tropical Asia and Africa^). 
 
 119. Ononis L.^ — Eeceptacle somewhat concave and oblique, 
 glandular within. Calyx subovoid gamosepalous ; lobes 5, equal or 
 a little unequal, originally slightly imbricated in aestivation, finally 
 remote. Petals shortly unguiculate : standard suborbicular or 
 obovate ; claw nearly absent ; wings obovate-oblong ; keel curved,- 
 beaked or more rarely obtuse. Stamens 10, all connate into a closed 
 tube, or more rarely vexiUary stamen free ; filaments finally free, all 
 or 5 alternate dilated above ; alternipetalous anthers versatile ; oppo- 
 sitipetalous subbasifixed, a little longer; more rarely all uniform, 
 Grermen sessile or stipitate, pilose or bearded on both sides or 
 ventrally above ; style curved glabrous ; stigma terminal, capitate 
 or oblique ; ovules 2- cc, descending. Legume oblong or linear ; 
 turgid or terete, 2-valved, continuous within ; or more rarely 
 compressed torulose, spuriously septate between seeds. Seeds exaril- 
 late. — Herbs or undershrubs, more rarely shrubs ; glabrous or villous, 
 sometimes spinous, often viscous glandular ; leaves alternate, usually 
 pinnate 3-foliolate; leaflets denticulate; stipules lateral, adnate to 
 petiole ; flowers' on axillary peduncles, solitary or 2-3 racemose ; 
 
 29 ; Fl. Rar. Sort. Gen., t. 16. — Reichb., PI. ' Species 1. Wight & Abn., Prodr.,{. 251. — 
 
 Crit., t. 343, 344, 577, 578.— Boiss., JOiacfa. PI. Wight, Icon., t. 483.— Royle, lUustr. PI. 
 
 Or., ix. 11. — Gben. & GoDE., M. de Fr., i. Himal., t. 35. — Benn., PI. Jav. Scm-., t. 34. — 
 
 396. — Bakee, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 49.— Bakeb, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 48. 
 Wau., 5fp.,i.636;ii. 847j ^»«.,i.225;ii.344. ■• Qen., n. 863.— J., Gen., 354. — G^etn., 
 
 ' Ex Dow, Proclr. Fl. Nepal., 240.— DC, Fruct., ii. 343, t. 154.— DC, Prodr., ii. 159 
 
 Prod^-., ii. 402. — Endi., Gen., n. 6519.-1?. H., (part.).— Endi., Gen., n. 6493.— B. H., Gen., 
 
 Gen., 485, n. 70. — Cosmmsa Alee., in Bot. 485, n. 69. — Natrix M(ench, Meth., 158. — 
 
 Zeit. (1866), 146. Anonis McENCH, loo. cii., 157. 
 
 ^ Blue or purplish. Lower flowers small or ape- * Pink or yellow. 
 
 talous, ripening their fruits on or under the ground. 
 
 u 3 
 
292 NATURAL E18T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 peduncle often aristate above pedicel; racemes small, more rarely 
 (the floral leaves being reduced to bracts) crowded into a spiciform 
 terminal raceme {Europe, western Asia, northern Africa^). 
 
 VI. HEDYSAEE^. 
 
 120. Hedysarum T.— Eeceptacle small concave, glandular within. 
 Calyx gamosepalous, inserted in receptacle, nearly equally 5-toothed 
 or 5-lobed. Petals free; standard obovate or obcordate, scarcely 
 unguiculate; wings obliquely oblong, 1-auriculate, shorter than 
 standard or very short ; claws short slender ; keel usually longer 
 than wings, obtuse, arched or obliquely truncate dorsally at apex. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; filaments free at apex, inflexed with 
 style ; anthers uniform. Germen subsessile pauci- or oo -ovulate ; 
 style thin; apex stigmatiferous, not thickened. Legume piano- 
 compressed, divided into oo closed in dehiscent 1 -seeded, suborbicu- 
 lar or square, smooth or muricated, separating segments. Seeds 
 reniform compressed exarillate. — Perennial herbs or more rarely 
 shrubs or undershrubs ; leaves iraparipinnate ; leaflets entire, often 
 sprinkled with pellucid dots ; stipules 2, lateral ; flowers' in axillary 
 pedunculate racemes ; bracts variable ; bractlets 2, laterally inserted 
 below calyx, setaceous {Temperate regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, 
 and North America). See p. 212. 
 
 121? Taverniera DC.^ — Mowers of Hedysarum ; vexiUary stamen 
 connate at middle with remainder or finally free. Grermen stipitate ; 
 ovules 1-3 ; style slender inflexed ; apex minutely stigmatiferous. 
 Legume piano-compressed (of Hedysarum); segments 1-3, 1 -seeded, 
 separating. — Undershrubs, glabrous or oftener hoary ; branches 
 rigid ; leaves few, pinnate 1-3-foliolate ; stipules scarious ; flowers' 
 few, in axillary pedunculate racemes ; bracts minute or caducous ; 
 bractlets 2, small, persistent below flower* {The East, Indid). 
 
 ^ Species about 60.— Cat., Icon., t. 152-154, 2450.— Waip., -Sep., i. 624 j ii. 839; v. 460; 
 
 159, 192. — J ACQ., Kort. Vindoi., t. 93 ; M. Ann., i. 217 ; iv. 462. 
 Aitstr., t. 240. — Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 32. — '■' Purple, white, or yellow. 
 
 Beot., Fhyt. iMsit, t. 56-58. — Desf., Fl. ^ Mem. Legrnn., 339, t. 52 ; Prodr., ii. 339. — 
 
 Ailant., t. 184-193.— K., M. Serol., ii. 219.— Ekdi,., Gen., n. 6617.— B. H., Gen., 511, n. 145. 
 SiBTH., M. Oreec, t. 675-680. — Moeis, M. * Pink or white ; petals persistent, becoming 
 
 Sard., t. 33, 33 his. — Webb, Fhyt. Cana/r., t. scarious. 
 
 51-55. — BoiSS., .Vo}/., t. 43-47. — Jaub. & * This genus, differs from Sedyscmim in 
 
 Spach, hi. Flamt. Or., i. t. 96, 154, 155. — habit alone, and ought hardly to he retained. 
 
 Bakeb, in Oliv. M. Trap. Afr., ii. 48. — Bot. . ^ Species 4 or 5. Buem., M. Ind., t. 51, fig. 
 
 Meg., t. 1447. — Bot. Mag., t. 317, 329, 335, 2 {Medysa/rmn). — Wight, Icon., t. 1055. 
 
LEGUMINOSM-PAPILIONAGE^. 293 
 
 122. Stracheya Benth.' — Flowers nearly of Hedysarum. ; 2 
 superior lobes of calyx longer and connate to a greater height. 
 Stamens of Taverniera. Pistil oo-ovulate (of Hedysarum). Legume 
 linear straight piano-compressed rigid echinate indehiscent ; sutures 
 continuous with echinate teeth ; segments more profusely muricated 
 at middle, veined in other parts, scarcely or not separating.^ — A 
 csespitose undershrub, subligneous at base ; stem very short ; leaves 
 imparipinnate ; stipules scarious villous ; flowers' 1-4 on each of 
 axillary peduncles; bracts and bractlets narrow persistent {Hima- 
 layas^'). 
 
 123. Bversmannia Bge.' — Flowers of Taverniera or Stracheya. 
 Legume linear piano-compressed, variably sinuate or gibbous, smooth 
 indehiscent ; sutures nerve-like continuous persistent ; joints some- 
 times unevenly convex or concave, finally separating and laying 
 bare the replum. Seeds of Hedysarum. — A small shrub, diffuse 
 rigid hoary, armed with 1-2 axillary spinescent twigs ; leaves im- 
 paripinnate ; leaflets small, rather rigid ; stipules scarious ; flowers" 
 in axillary pedunculate racemes ; bracts and bractlets small persistent' 
 {Caspian and DzungaricP). 
 
 124. Alhagi T.' — Flowers nearly of Hedysarum; calyx-teeth 
 5, short, nearly equal. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Legume 
 linear subterete glabrous smooth, more or less contracted and 
 divided within by incomplete subduplicate septa between seeds, 
 indehiscent ; segments not separating. Seeds of Hedysarum ; albu- 
 men thin. — A rigid branched shrub bristling with spinescent 
 axillary branches ; leaves small simple entire ; stipules small ; flowers'" 
 few, in axillary racemes ; rachis spinescent branch-like rigid ; bracts 
 small {Levant, India^^). 
 
 Jacquem., Voy., Sot., t. 49. — Jaub. & Spaoh, ' This genus ought scarcely to be distinguished 
 
 III. Plcmt. Orient., t. 61, 62, 474. — Waip., from Hedysarum, from which it differs by the 
 
 Rep., ii. 892 ; Arm., ii. 414. less evident articulation of its legume. 
 
 ' In Hook. Journ,., t. 306. — B. H., Gen., 510, * Species 1. E. hedysaroides BaE., loc, ait.— 
 
 n. 142. Waip., Rep., ii. 894. 
 
 '■' The segments easily separate when the ovary ' Coroll., 54, t. 480. — Destx., in Journ. 
 
 or young fruit is macerated (Benth., loc. oit.). Sot., i. 120, t. 4, fig. 4. — DC, ProAr., ii. 352. — ■ 
 
 3 " Purple ?" Ekdi,., Qen., n. 1287.— B. U., Gen., 512, n. 
 
 * Species 1. S. tibetica Benth., loo. cit. — 149. — Mairrna Dots, Frodr., 246, 
 Walp., Ami.,, iv. 545. '" Red. 
 
 * In Gcebel Seise., ii. 267, t. 6, ex Bqe. & " Species 1. A. Maurorum T., loc. cit. — DC, 
 Met., Unum. Plant. Sais. Nor.,, 30, t. 9. — loc.cit.,n.X.—BA.TL^u,va.Oliv.Fl.Trop.Afr.,\\. 
 B. H., Gen., 510, n. 143. 142.— Waip., Rep., i. 749 ; Ann., ii. 418.—^. 
 
 ^ Purple. mmmifera Destx., loc. cit. — .Tatib. & Spach. 
 
294 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 125? Corethrodendron Basin.' — " Calyx- teeth nearly equal, 2 
 superior connivent. Standard broadly obovate, narrowed into a 
 short claw ; wings short ; keel curved obtuse, a little shorter than 
 standard. Vexillary stamen free ; remainder connate ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen stipitate oo-ovulate ; style filiform curved ; stigma 
 small terminal. Legume linear subterete ; segments subovoid sepa- 
 rating, indehiscent. Seeds reniform estrophiolate. — A broom-like 
 shrub, thinly hoary ; lower leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets quite 
 entire, exstipellate ; petioles of upper leaves spinescent, without 
 leaflets ; stipules connate into one oppositifolious, deciduous ; flowers 
 (purple ?) in long-pedunculate axillary racemes ; bracts small cadu- 
 cous ; bractlets very small {I)zungaria)" 
 
 126. Onobrychis Gt^ertn.^ — Eeceptacle somewhat concave, or 
 nearly flat at apex. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes subulate, equal or 
 lowest lobe smaller ; 2 superior often separating widely one after the 
 other; rather imbricated in estivation, finally quite free. Petals 
 often very dissimilar ; standard obovate or obcordate, narrowed at 
 base, subsessile ; wings short or very short ; keel obtuse or truncate, 
 about equal to or longer than standard. Stamens 1 0, 9 lower ones 
 connate into a tube ; vexillary stamen free close to base, a little 
 higher usually connate with remainder ; anthers uniform, usually fixed 
 by middle of back ; connective often ellipsoidal, glandular at back. 
 Germen sessile or supported on a short cylindrical stalk; ovules 1, 
 2 ; style filiform, suberect or inflexed ; stigma minute terminal. 
 Legume semi-orbicular or unevenly orbicular-circinate, compressed, 
 not jointed, coriaceous, echinate or crested, or more rarely smooth, 
 deeply wrinkled or reticulated, indehiscent, or more rarely 2-seeded. 
 Seeds broadly reniform or oblong, exarilkte. Herbs, unarmed 
 undershrubs, or more rarely small spinous shrubs ; leaves imparipin- 
 nate, rarely 1-foliolate; leaflets entire exstipellate; petioles rarely 
 spinescent ; stipules scarious ; flowers' in long-pednnculate axillary 
 
 m. Flant. Orient., v. t. 401. — A. Camelomm ' Monog. Seiysar., 46, t. 2, ex B H G'n 
 
 PiSCH., Cat. Sort. aor. (1812), 1%.—A. Napaul- 512, n. 48. ,■..,- ., 
 
 emium DC, ho. cit., n. 3. — A. Twrcorum Boiss., ^ Inst., 390, t. 211. — G^etk., Frwct. ii. 318 
 
 Diagn. PI. Orient., ix. 113. — A. Graeorum t. 148. — DC, Frodr., ii. 344 (part.).— Endl.' 
 
 . Boiss., Uc. cit., 114. — Sedysa/rum Alhagi L., Gen., u. 6619. — B. H., Gen., 511 n. 146 -- 
 
 Spec, 1051 (part.). — H. Pseudo Alhagi Boa. & Eriocarpcea Beetol., Misc. Pot. ii. 20. 
 
 Chaub. — Manna hehraica Don, loc. cit. — M. Sm-toria Boiss., Diagn. Plant. Orient, ix. 
 
 caspica Don. — M. nepaulensis Don. — Ononis 109. 
 
 spinosa Hasselq. (nee L.). — Genista Juasi 3 Whitish, piuk, or purplish. 
 
 Ham. — Agul Kauw., It., 94, icon. 
 
LBOUMINOSJE-PAPILIONAOE^. 295 
 
 racemes or spikes ; bracts herbaceous or scarious ; bractlets below 
 calyx, often minute setaceous, more rarely nearly or quite absent 
 {Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa^). 
 
 I. 
 
 127. Ebenus L.^ — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, elongated 
 
 subulate, nearly equal, plumose. Petals very unequal ; standard 
 obovate or obcordate, very shortly unguiculate ; wings short ; keel 
 about equal to standard, obliquely truncate at apex. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous (9-1) at base; vexillary stamen afterwards connate 
 with remainder; anthers uniform. Germen sessile short, 1- or 
 more rarely 2-6-ovulate ; style slender inflexed ; apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Legume compressed, ovate or oblong, 1- or more 
 rarely few-seeded {Menidiunf). — Herbs, or unarmed undershrubs, or 
 small spinescent shrubs (sterile petioles rigid sharp) ; leaves im- 
 paripinnate, or subdigitate 3-foliolate ; stipules connate into one 
 oppositifolious ; flowers^ crowded, in dense long-pedunculate axillary 
 spikes ; bracts linear or lanceolate ; bractlets minute or {Mediter- 
 ranean, western Asia''). 
 
 128. .ffischynomene L.^ — Calyx gamosepalous; lobes 5, nearly 
 equal or connate into 2 lips ; upper lip 2-fid, 2-toothed, or entire ; lower 
 nearly entire or 3 -fid ; aestivation imbricated. Petals shortly un- 
 guiculate ; standard orbicular ; wings about equal to standard, 
 oblique ; keel obovate, slightly curved or oftener much curved or 
 beaked.' Stamens 10; either 1-adelphous, sheath cleft above, or 
 evenly 2-adelphous, sheath cleft on both sides; vexillary stamen 
 rarely separate from remainder, anthers uniform. Germen stipitate ; 
 ovules 2-00 , style curved beardless ; apex scarcely dilated or mi- 
 nutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate; segments 2-oo, 
 flat, or thicker at middle and so convex, smooth or muricated- 
 
 » Species about 50. Jacq., M. Austr., t. 352 ' " Reddish." 
 
 (Redt/sanm). — Dbsr, M. Ailant, t. 201 ' Species about 8. Vahi, 8i/mi., ii. t. 41 
 
 (Med^santmy—DEaYX., Jowrn. Boi.,\. 125, t. (-ffe^sontm).— Sibth.,^*. GVffic, t. 739,740. — 
 
 6.— SiBTH., m. Chrmc, t. 722-726.— Gken. & Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. s^r. 2, t. 260.— Jaub. 
 
 GODB., Fl. de Fr., i. 505.— Fewzl., in TcUhatch. & Spach, op. cU., iii. t. 250-255.— ^oi!. Mag., 
 
 As. Min., Bot., t. d.—Bot. Reg. (1847), t. 37.— '• 1092.— Walp., Rep., ii. 897. 
 Walp., Rep.,i.14S; ii. 894; ^»»., i. 250; ii. ° <?«»•. «• 888.— J., Qen., 362.— Gjeetn., 
 
 414(SarioWo), 416; iv. 545. Fruct., ii. t. 155.— DC, Frodr., ii. 320.— 
 
 2 G-en., n. 895.— Destx., in Act. Soc. Hiat. Destx., Jowrn. Bot., i. 124, t. 6.— Endi., Gen., 
 
 Nat. Far., i. 21, t. 3.— DC, Mem. Legwm., t. n. 6605.— B. H., Gen., 515, n. 159. 
 53 ; Frodr., ii. 350.— Emdl., Gen., n. 6624.— ' Shorter in Rueppelia RiOH. (A.), Fl. Abyss. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 512, n. 147. Tent., i. 203, t. 37, which is a species oi JSschy. 
 
 =* Jaub. & Space, in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 2, nomene. 
 xix. 162; III. Plant. Orient., iii. 249. 
 
■296 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 corrugated, indehiscent or dehiscent at inferior suture. — Herbs, 
 undershrubs, or shrubs, not twining; leaves pari- or impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets oo, exstipellate ; stipules setaceous or lanceolate ; 
 either pifoduced below insertion and peltately affixed below middle 
 {Eu(BSchynomen&) or not produced at base, striated, usually persistent 
 ( Ocliopodiuirf) ; flowers' in axillary or more rarely terminal, simple 
 or branched racemes ; bracts usually stipuliform ; bractlets inserted 
 below flower, appressed to receptacle {All hotter regions^'). 
 
 129. Herminiera GruiLL. & Peer.' — Receptacle cupuliform, lined 
 by a disk. Calyx 2-labiate almost to base; upper lip nearly 
 entire, rather obtuse ; lower nearly entire or rather acute and mi- 
 nutely unequally 3 -toothed at apex. Standard subsessile, broadly 
 orbicular ; wings shortly unguiculate, obliquely obovate ; keel about 
 equal to wings, obtuse, petals free. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; sheath 
 longitudinally cleft below, either not or only finally cleft above ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen subsessile, oo-ovulate; style slender; 
 apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume broadly linear, piano-com- 
 pressed, afterwards revolutely twisted into a ring or spiral ; segments 
 
 CO, 1 -seeded square, finally separating. Seeds reniform exarillate. — 
 A tall shrub, shaggy with bristles ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets ex; 
 exstipellate ; stipules membranous ; flowers' few, in short axillary 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets membranous, very caducous {Tropical 
 Africa^ . 
 
 130. Soemmeringia Mart.' — Flowers of Mschynomene ; calyx 
 2-labiate. Petals after anthesis persistent scarious net-veined. 
 Staminal sheath cleft above or on both sides. Legume stipitate, 
 shorter than standard. Other characters of j^Hchynomene. — An 
 annual diffuse herb ; leaves subimparipinnate, leaflets oc, often 
 denticulate, exstipellate ; stipules striated, produced below insertion ; 
 
 ' VoG,, in Linruea, xii. 81. — Macromisms Afr.,\\,lih. — Walp., iZep., i. 732; ii. 889; v. 
 
 TpHCZ , in Bull. Mosc. (1846), ii. 50V. 521 ; Aim., ii. 412 ; iv. 535. 
 
 2 Voo., loc. cit.—Patagoniwm Met. (E.), ' ^- Seneg. Tent., i. 201, t. 51. — Endi., 
 Comm. PI, Afric. Amtr., 122 (nee Schkanck). G'era., n. 6552,— B, H., Gen., 515, n. 158.— 
 
 , „ „ "., , .. J ^demone KoTSOS., in (Ester. Mon. il85S),t. 1. 
 
 3 YeUow, often purple-str.ped. , Orange-coloured, large. 
 
 * Species about 30. Wi&ht, Icon., t. 299, ' Species 1. S. elaphroxi/lon GviJ.1.. & P:E^n., 
 
 405,— Wi&HT iSc Aen„ jProdr,., i. 216. — ToEH. & loc. cit. — Wal^., Rep., v, 516. — JEdemoiie 
 
 Gr., M. N, Amer,, i. 355,=— .Jaoqtjem., Toy., mirabilis Kotsch., loc. cit. 
 
 Sot., t. 48.— Benth., in Mart, M. Sras., Papil., « Dissert, de Soemmeringia (1828), icon. 
 
 57, t. 12; Fl. Austral., Vi. 226. — Hakv. & Sond., Endi., Gen.,n. 6606. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 M. Cap., ii. 225.— Bakee, in 0U«, /Z. Trap. Bras., Papil., 70 ; Ben., 516, n. 160. 
 
LEGVMmOSJE-FAFILIONAGEM. 297 
 
 ■flowers' axillary pedunculate, solitary or in pairs ; bracts small 
 stipuliform ; bractlets persistent striated'' {Brazil). 
 
 131. Geissaspis Wight & Arn.' — Calyx membranous imbri- 
 cated, afterwards deeply cleft into 2 lips j upper lip entire or very 
 shortly 2-toothed ; lower unequally 3-toothed. Petals unguiculate ; 
 standard broadly suborbicular ] wings oblique ; keel curved obtuse, 
 about equal to wings, a little shorter than standard. Stamens 10, 
 finally 2-adelphous; sheath longitudinally cleft on both sides; 
 anthers uniform. Germen stipitate; ovules 2, descending; style 
 curved ; apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume mem- 
 branous, 2- or oftener 1-seeded (lower ovule abortive and segment 
 scarcely thickened) ; superior suture straight or arched ; inferior 
 sinuate ; segments reticulated. Seeds orbicular or subreniform, 
 exarUlate. — Herbs, slender, diffuse ; leaves paripinnate ; leaflets few 
 exstipellate, usually small; stipules broad membranous, produced 
 below insertion ; flowers* in crowded long-pedunculate axillary 
 racemes ; bracts large, obliquely orbicular or reniform, membranous 
 or subscarious, veined, much imbricated, distichous (?), usually 
 covering flowers and fruits, entire or ciliate; pedicels oblique, 
 appressed to bracts ; bractlets {East Indies, western tropical Africd"). 
 
 132. Smithia AiT.° — Calyx gamosepalous, deeply cleft into 2 Hps ; 
 upper lip entire or emarginate; lower nearly entire, 3-toothed or 
 3-fid. Corolla almost that of Geissaspis. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; 
 filamental sheath finally cleft on both sides ; anthers uniform. 
 Grermen stipitate or subsessile ; ovules c» ; style slender curved ; apex 
 minutely capitate or truncate, stigmatiferous. Legume contained by 
 sacciform persistent or accrescent, scarious unevenly folded and 
 retracted calyx, apiculated by usually weak style ; segments 2-qo , 
 much compressed, oblique or nearly horizontal, connected by much 
 narrowed exocarp ; endocarp hardened or scarious round each seed. 
 
 ' "Yellow." M. Trap. Afr., ii. 154.— Waip., 5ep., i. 726; 
 
 ^ This genus ought perhaps to be considered Aim., ii. 407, 412. 
 a section of Mschynomene with persistent pe- ^ Hort. Kern., ed. 1, iii. 496, t. 13. — Lamk., 
 
 tals. Diet., vii. 222 ; Snppl., v. 162 ; III., t. 627. — 
 
 ^ Prod/r., 217.— Endl., Ben., u. 6597. — B. H., JDestx., Jmrn. Bot., i. 121, t. 4.— DC, Prodr., 
 
 Gen., 516, 1002, n. 162. ii. 323.— Endl., Gen., n. 6608.— B. H., Gen., 
 
 * Yellow or purplish. 516, n. 161. — Kotsch/a Endl., Stirp. Nov. Was. 
 
 * Species 4. Webb, Spidl. Gorgon., in EooJc. Vindob. Dec, 6; Icon., t. 125; Gen., n. 6607. — 
 Niger, 123 {Scemmenngia). — Bakeb, in OUv. PatagttanaGyi'EL.{ex.Voi&.,Dict.,Sa-pp\.,loc.cit.). 
 
298 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Seeds reniform or suborbicular, much compressed, exarillate. — 
 Herbs, undershrubs, or more rarely shrubs, glabrous or shaggy; 
 leaves pari- or imparipinnate ; leaflets small, usually falcate exstipel- 
 late : stipules persistent, membranous or scarious : flowers' in short, 
 often 1 -lateral, racemes j bracts and bractlets scarious or striated, 
 persistent ; bractlets appressed to flowers (Tropical Asia, South-eastern 
 Africa^. 
 
 133. Discolobium Benth.' — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, nearly 
 equal or 3 superior connate. Petals shortly unguiculate ; standard 
 suborbicular ; wings obovate, about equal to standard ; keel shorter 
 than wings, nearly straight, obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous, finally 
 evenly 2-adelphous ; the sheath becoming longitudinally cleft on both 
 sides ; " vexillary and lowest stamens almost free from base ;" anthers 
 uniform. Germen shortly stipitate pauciovulate ; style curved 
 glabrous; stigma minute oblique terminal. Legume short, at 
 superior suture nearly straight, at inferior expanded into 3 horizontal 
 segments or disks ; middle segment largest reniform reticulated 
 fertile 1-seeded indehiscent ; lowest and highest sterile, much 
 smaller. Seed lunulate-reniform exarillate. — Undershrubs ; leaves 
 imparipinnate; leaflets c» or more rarely 1, 3, exstipellate ; stipules 
 small ; flowers" in axillary racemes ; peduncle elongated rigid ; 
 pedicels solitary ; bracts and bractlets small persistent {BraziP). 
 
 134. Ormocarpum Pal. Beauv." — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, 
 unequal ; 2 superior broader, close or connate to a variable extent ; 
 lowest often longer than others. Standard suborbicular unguicu- 
 late ; wings obliquely obovate ; keel about equal to wings, broad 
 curved, obtuse or rather acute at apex. Stamens 10, connate into a 
 sheath often finally longitudinally cleft above and below ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules oc ; style slender, much inflexed ; 
 apex not thickened or minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 
 1 Yellow. ' "Yellow." 
 
 2 Species about 20. Sahsb., Pa/r. Lond., t. ^ Species 3 or 4. Benih., in Mart. Fl. Bras., 
 92. Wight, Icon., 986. — Rotle, 111. PL Pa^il.,T 2,1.11. 
 
 Simal., t. 35. — Behth., in Plant. Jungh., i. ^ Fl. Owar. et Sen., i. 95, t. 58. — Destx., 
 
 211. Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 151. — Jmrn. Pot., i. 123, t. 5. — DC, Prodr., ii. 315.— 
 
 Bot. Mag.,t. 4283.— Walp., Pep.,i. 735; v. Endl., Gen., n. 6593.— B. H., Gen., 515, n. 
 
 523 ; Am., i. 248 ; iv. 536. 157. — Acrotaphros HociiST., ex A. Rich., Fl. 
 
 3 In Ann. Wien. Mm., ii. 105 ; Gen., 516, u. Abyss. Tent., i. 207, t. 38. 
 163.— Ekdi., Gen., u. 6722. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 299 
 
 linear compressed, rather thick, longitudinally striated in furrows, 
 somewhat warty or glandular-muricated ; segments oblong, unevenly 
 narrowed on both sides, hard or coriaceous. Seeds oblong com- 
 pressed descending subanatropous ; radicle scarcely or very shortly 
 inflexed. — Shrubs often tall, glutinous; leaflets either go, small, or 
 1, large articulated; stipules striated ; flowers' few, in short axillary 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets persistent striated {Tropical Asia 
 and Africa,^ Mexico^), 
 
 135. Isodesmia Gardn." — Ylowev^ oi j^schynomene ; keel obtuse, 
 about equal to wings. Stamens connate into a sheath cleft above 
 or on both sides ; lowest stamen sometimes free. Pistil (of JEschy- 
 nomene) oc -ovulate. Legume sessile linear straight flattened ; seg- 
 ments coriaceous square, longitudinally net-veined. — Undershrubs, 
 climbing or twining ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets c», exstipellate ; 
 stipules persistent, not produced at base ; flowers' few, in axillary 
 racemes; bracts stipaliform persistent; bractlets persistent^ {BraziP). 
 
 136. Brya P. Br.^ — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, narrowed, 
 nearly equal or lowest shorter than others. Petals unguiculate ; 
 standard oblong-obovate or suborbicular ; wings falcate oblong ; 
 keel curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous; filamental sheath 
 longitudinally cleft above ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile or 
 stipitate ; ovules 2 ; style slender curved ; apex minutely capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume sessile or stipitate ; segments 1, 2, broad 
 flat membranous indehiscent ; one often small sterile ; superior 
 suture nearly straight ; inferior arched. Seeds reniform compressed 
 exarillate. — Small trees or shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate or 3-folio- 
 late ; petiole usually nearly absent ; 2 lateral leaflets of 3-foliolate 
 leaf small minute or 0; stipules either spinescent persistent or 
 small narrowed deciduous ; flowers' in axillary or subterminal, few- 
 
 ' Yellow, white, red, or parple-striped. differing by the legume, which is analogous at 
 
 2 Species ahout 4. Wight & Aen., Prodr., i. once to that of Ormocarpum and to that of 
 217. — WiaHT, loon., t. 297. — A. Rich., Voy. Chmtooalyx (the latter having almost the same 
 Astral., t. 32. — ^Bakek, in Oliv. M. Trap. Afr., habit). 
 
 ii. 142. — Waip., Ann., i. 246. ' Species 2. Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., 
 
 3 G. Don, Gen. St/st., ii. 279. — ? A. Gbay, Papil, 71, t. 16. — Walp., Mep., v. 523. 
 
 Fl. Tkwber., 813 {I>ambentonia?).— WALV., s j-^^^^ 299, t. 31, 6g. 2.— DC, Prodr., ii. 
 
 Ann., iv. 493. 421.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6592.— B. H., &en., 514, 
 
 ^ In SooJs. Jom-n., ii. 339. — B. H., Gen., 514, n. 155. — Aldina Adahs., Fam. des PI., ii. 328 
 
 n. 156. (nee Endl.). 
 
 * Yellow, rather large. s " Yellow ?" 
 
 * A genus closely allied to MscTiynomene, but 
 
300 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 flowered, sometimes 1 -lateral, cymes (?); bracts and bractlets small 
 persistent {West Indies, Nicaragua}). 
 
 137. Pictetia DC.^ — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, unequal, 2 
 superior short obtuse ; 3 inferior longer acute. Petals shortly un- 
 guiculate ; standard suborbicular ; wings oblique ; keel a little 
 shorter than wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; an- 
 thers uniform. Grermen stipitate ; ovules oo ; style slender glabrous ; 
 apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate, oblong 
 or broadly linear, compressed, scarcely jointed or separating into 
 2-co oblong coriaceous striated segments. Seeds oblong compressed 
 exarillate. — Shrubs, glabrous ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oc, mu- 
 cronate or sharp at apex, exstipellate ; petiole sometimes short; 
 stipules usually spinescent ; flowers' axillary, solitary or oftener in 
 few-flowered slender racemes ; bracts and bractlets caducous* {Tropi- 
 cal America, West Indies^). 
 
 138. Amicia H. B. K." — Calyx gamosepalous; lobes 5, very 
 unequal; 2 superior very large obtuse, 2 lateral minute, lowest 
 minute or longer than lateral lobes. Petals unguiculate ; standard 
 broadly suborbicular or obovate- oblong, emarginate erect patent; 
 wings oblique, usually shortened ; keel curved obtuse, much longer 
 than wings, usually about equal to standard. Stamens 1 ; either 
 1-adelphous, fllaments connate into a sheath cleft above ; or 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1) ; anthers uniform.' Germen subsessile ; ovules oo^ 
 usually few ; style slender arched ; apex minutely stigmatiferous. 
 Legume linear arched compressed ; segments nearly square. Seeds 
 reniform exarillate. — Shrubs or undershrubs, glabrous or glandular ; 
 branches flexuous ; leaves paripinnate pauci- (usually 2-) jugate ; 
 obovate or obcordate; stipules large foliaceous, often connate at 
 
 ' Plum., ed. Bfem., t. 249, fijr. 1 (Ftero- compared with Corynella and Sabinea (whose 
 
 carpus). — SliOANE, Jam., ii. 3 (Aspalathus). — legumes are not jointed) and carefully studied. 
 Speeng., JV. Entd., ii. 159 (Amerimnum). — * Species about 6. Jacq., Sort. Sehaenbr., t. 
 
 Benth., in (Erst. Leg. Centroamer., 13. — Sot. 237 {^schynomene). — Vahl, Si/mb., t. 69 
 
 Mag., t. 4670. — Waip., Sep., i. 725; Ann., iv. (Bobinia). — Geiseb., Cat. Plant. Cub., 73. 
 533. ° Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 511, t. 600. — DC, 
 
 2 In Ann. Sc. Nat, ser. 1, ix. 93 ; Mem. Prodr., ii. 315.— Endl., Gen., n. 6594.— B. H., 
 
 Ligvm., t. 47; Prodr., ii. 314. — Endl., Gen., u. Gen., 514, u. 153. 
 6591. — B. H., Gen., 514, u. 154. ' In A. zygomeris (DC, loc. dt.) the 5 pos- 
 
 '' Yellow. terior stamens are much smaller than the others, 
 
 * A genus on the one hand closely allied to and the 2 anterior are very large. 
 Ormocarfum, while, on tlie other, it ought to be 
 
LEQJJMIN08M-FAPILI0NAGTSM. 301 
 
 base, deciduous ; flowers' in few-flowered axillary racemgs sometimes 
 bearing leaves at base ; bracts and bractlets broad foliaceous. {Andine 
 America from Mexico to Bolivia^). 
 
 139. Poiretia Vent." — Calyx subcampanulate ; teeth 5, short un- 
 equal. Petals shortly unguiculate ; standard broadly orbicular ; 
 wings falcate-oblong ; keel much curved, oblong, beaked or more 
 rarely obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate into a 
 closed sheath ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules o^ ; 
 style slender curved; apex minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. 
 Legume linear; segments flat rectangular, membranous or co- 
 riaceous, reticulated or sprinkled with warty glands. — Herbs or 
 undershrubs, nearly erect or twining, covered with balsamic glands ; 
 leaves pinnate, 4- or more rarely 3-foliolate ; stipules sessile or decur- 
 rent at base ; flowers ' in axillary or terminal branched racemes ; 
 bracts lanceolate or subulate ; bractlets small, inserted on pediceL 
 {South America, Mexico^). 
 
 140. Clisetocalyx DC.° — Calyx gamosepalous to a considerable 
 height, capitate glandular outside ; lobes 5, nearly equal or 2 su- 
 perior approximated, often linear subulate. Standard suborbicular 
 or obovate, emarginate ; wings about equal to standard, oblong ; 
 keel obtuse, scarcely shorter than standard. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) ; anthers uniform. Germen shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate ; style 
 filiform curved ; apex stigmatiferous. Legume linear, subterete or 
 piano-compressed, scarcely constricted between seeds ; segments 
 1-seeded, linear-oblong or more rarely square {PlanariumF), longitu- 
 dinally ribbed or striated. Seeds oblong or reniform, exarillate. — 
 Twining herbs ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; stipules linear or 
 lanceolate ; flowers " racemose few, either axillary or terminal on a 
 slender elongated twig' {Tropical and sub-tropical America^"'). 
 
 ' Rather large, yellow. ' Mem. Legnm., 262; Prod/r., ii. 243. — Endi., 
 
 2 Sot. Mag., t. 4008. Gen., n. 6537.— B. H., Gen., 513, n. 150.— 
 
 ^ Choix de Plant., t. 42 (nee Gmel., nee Poenninffhmisenia Speeng., Sust., iii. 245 (nee 
 
 Smith, nee Cat.). — Desvx., Jo«i'». JSoi., 5.122, Eeichb.). — Shadmocarpus Voa., in Linntea, 
 
 t. 6.— DC, Prodr., ii. 315. — Ekdl., Gen., n. xii. 108.— Endl., Gen., n. 6628. 
 
 6595. — B. H., Gen., 513, n. 152. — Twpmia ' Destx., in Arm. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, ix. 416. 
 
 Pees., Si/n., ii. 314. * Yellow. 
 
 * Yellow. ' A genus entirely similar in habit to Iso- 
 
 ° Species 5. H. B. K., TSTov. Gen. et Spec, vi. desmia, hut differing hy the fruit aud androceuin. 
 
 510. — VoG., in Linncea, xii. 51. — Bebth., in '" Species 8 or 9. Lindi., in Sot. Seg., t. 
 
 Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 18, t. 20. — Wa.iv., 799 {Glycine).— Bststs... in Mart. Fl. Bras., 
 
 Sep., i. 725 ; v. 520. Papil, 14,, 1. 18; Sulph., 81, t. 30 (Planarium).^ 
 
302 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 141. Nissolia Jacq.' — Flowers nearly of Chcetocalyx, smaller; 
 calyx truncate; teeth 3, setaceous, nearly equal. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelplious (9-1) close to base; vexillary stamen connate at 
 middle with remainder into a tube. Germen subsessile ; ovules few ; 
 style slender, curved or sinuate ; apex minutely capitate or obtuse, 
 stigmatiferous. Legume linear, indehiscent ; segments flat or convex, 
 square or oblong, striated ; last segment dilated into a much com- 
 pressed, obliquely obovate, samaroid wing -^ seeds few reniform 
 exarillate. — Herbs or undershrubs, twining; leaves imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets few, exstipellate, setaceous ; flowers^ racemose ; racemes 
 short, either axillary or branched crowded at extremities of 
 branches; bracts narrow; bractlets {Tropical and subtropical 
 America"). 
 
 142? Ctenodon H. Bn.° — Eeceptacle minute concave, lined by 
 a thin disk. Calyx gamosepalous subcampanulate ; lobes 5, longer 
 than tube ; 3 superior broader than others ; lowest longer than 
 lateral ones, with a long point. Petals unguiculate ; standard 
 obovate, finally reflexed ; wings very oblique, 1-auriculate at base ; 
 keel falcate beaked. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate 
 into a tube rather oblique at apex and longitudinally cleft below ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen shortly stipitate ; ovules cc ; style fili- 
 form, slightly curved; apex scarcely dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 stipitate ; segments oo ; superior suture nearly straight or arched ; 
 inferior deeply sinuate. Seeds... ? — A small undershrub, branched 
 from base ; leaves subimparipinnate ; leaflets sessile oblong, very 
 uneven at base, acuminate at apex ; midrib produced into a rather 
 sharp bristle ; rachis thickened into a subglobose rather pubescent 
 gland at insertion of each leaflet ; stipules long subulate ; flowers 
 in loose long-pedunculate axiUary racemes ; pedicels slender ; bracts 
 
 A. Gbat & ToEE., in Emor. Rep., 1. 18. — Waip., to Nissolia, or the two genera should he united 
 
 Ann., iv. 489. into one, the sections of which are scarcely well- 
 
 1 Stirp. Amer,, 199, t. l79, fig. 44 ; Mart. defined. The species of both ought therefore to he 
 Vindob., t. 167. — GiEETN., Fruct., ii. 309, t. carefully examined. 
 
 145.— DC, Prodr., ii. 257 (sect. 1).— Endl., ^ Yellow. 
 
 Gen., n. 6629.— B. H., Gen., 513, n. 151 (nee * Species 2. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, 
 
 T., Inst., 656). vi. 504. — Deeess., Icon. Sel., iii. t. 68. — Hook., 
 
 2 In Chceiooalyx Schotti and C. Wislineni Icon. Tlant., t. 599. — Benth., in Mart. M. 
 TOEE., figured in U7tit. St. Mex. Sound., Bot., Bras., Papil., 76, t. 19. — A. Gbat, in Joum. 
 t. 18, the last segment is more or less dilated ; Lirm. Soc.^ v. 25. 
 
 whence either these species ought to be referred * In Adamsonia, ix. fasc. 7. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAGEJU. 303 
 
 subulate ; bractlets 2, narrowed, inserted at top of pedicel below 
 flower {Brazi?). 
 
 143. Adesmia DC.^ — Eeceptacle concave sbort, lined by a rather 
 prominent disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, nearly equal or 
 lowest and 2 superior a little longer. Petals unguiculate, usually 
 shortly : standard orbicular or obovate ; wings obliquely oblong or 
 obovate, sometimes short ; keel obtuse, acute, or beaked, shorter than 
 standard. Stamens 10, free; 2 superior filaments sometimes adnate 
 to claw of standard, dilated at base ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 sessile ; ovules 2- oo ; style slender ; apex truncate or minutely capi- 
 tate, stigmatiferous. Legume oo-jointed -^ superior suture usually 
 straight ; inferior deeply sinuate ; segment flat or convex, glandular 
 or pilose, or oftener covered with long bristles or glandular hairs, 
 separating from each other altogether or on side of superior margin, 
 indehiscent or 2-valved. Seeds subglobose or orbicular. — Herbs or 
 undershrubs, unarmed ; or oftener small shrubs, sometimes armed 
 with spinescent petioles, often glandular dotted balsamic ; leaves parl- 
 or imparipinnate ; leaflets 3- co, entire or dentate, exstipellate ; 
 stipules of variable form ; flowers'* in terminal racemes ; bracts small 
 1 -flowered {Subtropical South America^). 
 
 144? Bremontiera DC. '—Calyx short subcampanulate; 2 posterior 
 teeth a little shorter and broader than anterior. Petals much ex- 
 serted, unguiculate ; standard obovate ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel 
 about equal in length to wings, slightly curved, rather obtuse at 
 apex. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers uniform; connective 
 subglandular at back, coloured, apiculate. Germen subsessile; 
 ovules CO ; style slender glabrous inflexed ; apex capitate stigma- 
 tiferous. Legume long cylindrical arched moniliform, septate with- 
 in and contracted outside between seeds ; segments oo, truncate a 
 
 ' Species 1. C. WeddelUamim H. Bn., loc. Hook., Bot. Misc., t. 104, 105. — Hook. & Abit., 
 
 cit. Beech. Voy., Bot., t. 9. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 ^ In Ann. Se. Nat, ser. 1, iv. 94 j Mem. Bras., Papil., 53, t. 11. — Cl., in C. Gay Fl. 
 
 Legum., t. 48-50; Prod/r., ii. 318. — Ehdi,., Gen., Chil., ii. 151, t. 18. — Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 
 
 n. 6603.— B. H., Gen., 517, n. 164. ser. 2, t. 222, 230, 322.— Philipp., J?. Atacam., 
 
 ^ Finally folded, included in Streptodesmia 15. — Bot. Beg., 1. 1720. — Walp., Bep., i. 728 ; 
 
 A. Geat (Bot. Amer. Expl. Fxped., i. 427, t. ii. 889; Ann., i. 246 ; ii. 407; iv. 534. 
 
 47), which is a species of Adesmia. ^ In Ann. Sc. Nat., air. 1, iv. 93 j Mem. 
 
 * Yellow or red-striped. Ligum., 353 ; Prodr., ii. 353,. — Ekde., Gen., n. 
 
 * Species about 70. Jacq., Ic. Ba/r., t. 568 6627. — B. H., Gen., 464.— H. Bif., in Adaa- 
 (Sedysarum). — Pbesi., Symbol., t. 61-63. — . sonia, ix. 234. 
 
304 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 both ends, finally separating. Seeds ovate ; hilum lateral.— A shrub ; 
 leaves alternate simple ;' petiole short, articulated at base ; stipules 
 short triangular persistent ; flowers in axillary racemes, each flower 
 solitary in axil of a short bract, shortly pedicellate ; bractlets ' 
 {Mascarene Islands^). 
 
 145. Coronilla L.'— Eeceptacle cupuliform, glandular within. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; teeth 5, nearly equal or 2 superior shorter or con- 
 nate to a greater height. Petals rather long unguiculate ; standard 
 suborbiculate reflexed ; claw furnished with a simple or double rather 
 projecting appendage within and slightly above base ; wings obliquely 
 obovate or oblong, claws thin ; keel curved, beaked. Stamens IC, 2- 
 adelphous, 9 connate into a sheath cleft above ; vexillary stamen 
 free ; filaments free at apex, all or 5 alternate dilated above ; anthers 
 nearly or quite uniform. Germen sessile cc-ovula,te; style inflexed 
 subulate glabrous j stigma minute capitate. Legume terete, 4-gonous, 
 or slightly compressed, straight or arched ; segments oblong or 
 elongated, almost without veins. Seeds transverse oblong exarillate. 
 — Shrubs or herbs, glabrous or silky ; leaves impaiipinnate ; leaflets 
 00, or more rarely 3, quite entire ; stipules of variable form, more 
 or less adnate to petiole ; flowers* in cx3- or few-flowered long-pedun- 
 culate axillary umbels ; bracts small. {Europe, western Asia, northern 
 regions and western Islands of Africa^). 
 
 146. Ornithopus L.' — Calyx broadly tubular or subcampanulate ; 
 lobes 5, long, nearly equal or 2 superior connate to a greater height. 
 Petals almost those of Coronilla, shorter ; keel nearly straight obtuse, 
 shorter than wings or very short. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; 
 
 ' On some sterile twigs the leaves become Jowri. Sot., i. 121, t. 4. — Omithopoditim Cav., 
 
 very elongated linear or subacicular. Icon. Sar., t. 37, t. 41. — Astroloiiiim DC, 
 
 ^ This genas is indeed much more nearly Prodr., ii. 311 (part.), 
 allied to Itidigofera than to the Medyiwrece, but ° Yellow, purplish, or variegated or spotted 
 
 differs by its leaves, which are really simple (not with white. 
 
 coraponnd 1-foliolate ; petiole not articulate at ^ Species about 20. Jacq., Sort. Vindoh., t. 
 
 apex), and by its legume, with " finally separat- 25; Ft. Aiittr., t. 95, 271. — Eeichb., I>1, Crit, 
 
 ing segments." It differs from Indigofera in the t. 31-33 . — Sibth., Fl. Gfriee., t. 710, 711, 713, 
 
 same way as JEscjM/nomene differs from Sesbania. 715. — Boiss., Voy., t. 54. — Sot. Seg., t. 820 
 
 3 Species 1. B. ammoxylon DC, loc. cit.— (822).— Sot. Mag., t. 13, 185, 258, 445, 907, 
 
 Mnllera verrucosa Herb. Par. (ex DC, nee 2179, 2646. — Walp., Sep., i. 724 j ii. 887 ; v. 
 
 Pebs.). 519 ; Ann., ii. 406. 
 
 * Oen., n. 883 (part.). — J., G-en., 361. — ' ffeM., 884. — Destx., Joans. 5o<., i. 121, t. 
 
 GaiBTN., Fruct., 1. 155.— DC, Trodr., ii. 309. — 5. — DC, Frod/r., ii. 311.— Endi., Gen., n. 6587'. 
 
 Endl., Oen., n. 6585. — B. H., Gen. 509, n. — B. H .,©«»., 509, n. 139. — Omithopodmrnl., 
 
 14/0. — Mmerus T., Inst., 650, t. 418.— Destx., Inst., 400, t. 224.— Mcekch, Meth., 121. 
 
LBGJJMINOSM-FAPILIONACHM. 305 
 
 5 alternate filaments dilated above; anthers uniform. Grermen 
 sessile ; ovules cc ; style inflexed ; apex capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume linear, compressed or subterete, sometimes slender {Arthro- 
 lobium}), arched or more rarely straight ; segments oblong ovate or 
 globose, separated by very narrow joints (Antopetitid'). Seeds ovate 
 
 subglobose or transversely oblong Herbs, villous or more rarely 
 
 glabrous ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets co, exstipellate ; stipules 
 narrow or membranous ; flowers small, in axillary long-pedunculate 
 pseudo-capitula or umbels ; floral leaves pinnate, or inflorescence more 
 rarely leafless {Arthrolobium) ; bracts and bractlets minute or {Europe, 
 western Asia, northern regions and western islands of Africa, South 
 Americc^). 
 
 147. Haminatolobium Fenzl.* — Flowers nearly of Ornithopus, 
 larger ; keel rather acute. Legume linear ; segments piano-com- 
 pressed or convex. — ^Perennial herbs, silky villous; stem^,, short 
 woody ; leaves usually 5-foliolate ; either 2 inferior leaflets close to 
 stem (petiole short) and stipuliform ; or all leaflets subdigitate, and 
 (petiole nearly evanescent) almost sessile ; stipules minute, flowers* 
 few, usually 2, on axillary peduncles ; floral bract 2-foliolate ( Western 
 Asia, northern Africa^). 
 
 148. Scorpiurus L.' — Eeceptacle shortly concave, thick glandular 
 within. Calyx gamosepalous ; 2 superior lobes or teeth connate to 
 a greater height than others. Petals rather long-unguiculate ; 
 standard suborbicular ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel curved, acute 
 or acuminate. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers uniform. 
 Germen subsessile oo-ovulate, longitudinally furrowed; style in- 
 flexed, more or less dilated at middle, tapering at apex ; stigma 
 capitate terminal. Legume unevenly terete, circinate-revolute, 
 unevenly furrowed and ribbed ; ribs originally ventral, often tuber- 
 
 ' DeSTX., Jowm. Sot, i. 121, t. 4.— Endi,, " III. FUnt. Syr., i. t. 1.— B. H., Gen., 509, 
 
 Oen., u. 5586. — Astrolohium DC, Prodr,, ii. n. 138. — Ludomcia Coss., in Bull. Soc. Sot. de 
 
 311 (part.). Fr., iii. 674. . (Legume more compressed than in 
 
 ' A. Rich., iu Jhm. Se. Nat., ser. 2, xiv. 261, H. lotoides Fenzi.) 
 t. 15, fig. 2; Fl. Abyss. Tent, t. 39. ' Yellow, finally dusky. 
 
 ^ Species about 1. Bbot., F&yt Imsit., t. 67, * Species 2. Walp., Sep., i. 724. 
 
 68. — SiETH., Fl. CfrtBc., t. 714. — Hoohst., in ? (?e»., n. 886. — J., Gen., 361. — Gjeetn., 
 
 Field, et Gardn. Sert PI, t. 49. — Rente., in Fnwt, ii. 345, 1. 155.— DC, Prodr., ii. 308.— 
 
 Mart. Fl. Sras., PapU., 51, t. 11. — Geen. & Endl., Gen., n. 6584.— B. H., Gen., 508, ji. 
 
 GODE., Ft de Fr., i. 498. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. 137. — Scorpioides T., Inst., 402, t. 226. — 
 
 Trop. Afr., ii. 139.— Walp., Am,., ii. 406 Scorpms lioit., Fl. Gall., Voi. 
 (Antopetitia) ; iii. 849 ; iv. 532. 
 
 VOL. II. X 
 
306 NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 culate or muricated ; either indehiscent jointed, or nearly continuous 
 (joints scarcely marked). Seeds ovate or transversely oblong, exaril- 
 late ; hilum lateral ; embryo fleshy ; cotyledons contorted folded. 
 — Herbs, almost stemless or decumbent ; leaves alternate simple, 
 tapering for a considerable distance at base into petiole ; stipules 2, 
 lateral, adnate to petiole ; flowers' nutant, solitary or few subum- 
 beHate ; peduncles subaxiUary, each with a bud ; bracts minute ; 
 bractlets {Southern Hurqpe, western Asia, northern JfricdF). 
 
 149. Hippocrepis L.' — Eeceptacle shortly obconical, lined by a 
 disk. Calyx gamosepalous, usually membranous ; teeth 5, nearly 
 equal or 2 superior connate to a variable height. Petals long-ungui- 
 culate ; standard suborbicular ; claw at base rather thick and terete 
 or subappendiculate within ; wings falcate-obovate or oblong ; keel 
 curved beaked. Stamens 10, 9 connate into a sheath cleft above ; 
 vexillary stamen free ; filaments at apex free and more or less dilated ; 
 anthers uniform. Germen sessile oo-ovulate ; style inflexed, 
 rather compressed; stigma more or less globose, subterminal. 
 Legume much piano-compressed or more rarely subterete, often 
 arched or subterminal; dorsal margin deeply excavated at each 
 seed, straight or scarcely depressed between seeds and there trans- 
 versely separating into 1 -seeded horseshoe-shaped segments. Seeds 
 arched exarUlate ; hilum median ventral ; albumen thin ; cotyledons 
 arched ; radicle closely inflexed, accumbent. — Herbs or undershrubs, 
 usually glabrous ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, entire exstipel- 
 late, stipules leaf-like or membranous, more rarely scarcely visible ; 
 flowers^ nutant, in spurious axillary pedunculate umbels; more 
 rarely pedicels 1, 2 at each axil, common peduncle nearly absent; 
 bracts small or inconspicuous; bractlets {Europe, western Asia, 
 northern Africa^). 
 
 150. Stylosanthes Sw.'— Eeceptacle long cylindrical tubular, 
 
 ■ yellow, often small. ■■ Yellow. 
 
 " Species about 6. Viv., Fl. Lilyc, t. 19, » Species about 12. Jacq., M. Ausir., t. 431 • 
 
 fig. 4.— SiBTH., Fl. Ch-cBc, t. 718, 719.— Gben. Ic. Mar., t. 149.— Ten., Fl. Neap., t. 69.— 
 
 & GoDE., Fl. de Fr., i. 492, 509. — Bakee, in MoBis, Fl. Sard., t. 66, 67.— Sibth 'fI Gh-cec 
 
 OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 139. t. 716, 7l7.— Boiss., Voy., t. 55.— Geeit. & 
 
 ' ee».,n.885.— J., (?e».,361. — Lame., Diirf., Gobb,., Fl. de Fr., i. 500, 509.— Bot Mag t 
 
 iii. 131; Suppl., iii. 51; III, t. 630.— DC, 427.— Walp., Sep., i. 724; ii. 888; v. si's" 
 
 Frodr., ii. 312.— Endi., Gen., n. 6588.— B. H., Am., i. 245 ; ii. 406 ; iii. 850; iv. 532. ' 
 
 Gen., 510, n. lil.—Ferrum equimm T., Inst., « In Act. Malm. (1789), 296, t. 9, 11 • Prodr 
 
 400, t. 225. 108; Fl. Ind. Occ, 1280, t. 25.— Lamk., Diet'.', 
 
LEOUMINOSMPAPILIONACE^. 307 
 
 dilated at apex into a short cup. Calyx inserted with corolla and 
 stamens at top of tube ; lobes 5, deep membranous unequal ; superior 
 lobes connate to a greater height, broader ; lowest narrower ; aesti- 
 vation much imbricated. Petals unequal or nearly equal ; standard 
 orbicular ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel curved subrostrate. Sta- 
 mens 10 > filaments 1-adelphous; tube closed below; anthers 5 
 longer subbasifixed ; 5 short, often subglobose, versatile, either all 
 fertile or 2, 3 sometimes minute or entirely abortive. Germen 
 inserted in bottom of tube, subsessile ; ovules few ; style slender 
 elongated, minutely stigmatiferous at apex, finally breaking off a little 
 above base or at middle ; lower part persistent, often dilated recurved. 
 Legume sessile; segments 1, 2, reticulated or muricated, 1 -seeded. 
 Seeds compressed lenticular exariUate. — Herbs, often rigid or viscous ; 
 leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; stipules adnate to dilated base of petiole ; 
 flowers' 1, 2 in axil of each bract, in dense, cylindrical or capituliform, 
 terminal or more rarely axillary, spikes ; bracts similar to leaves, 
 and furnished with 2 adnate stipules, usually 1-foliolate by abortion 
 of lateral leaflets^ {Tropical Asia and Africa, northern and tropical 
 
 151, Zornia GrMEL.^ — Calyx membranous; lobes 5, usually very 
 unequal; 2 superior longer, connate to a greater height, 2 lateral 
 usually smaller ; lowest oblong or lanceolar, nearly equal to superior. 
 Petals unguiculate ; standard suborbicular ; wings oblique ; keel 
 curved, rather obtuse or subrostrate. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous; 
 anthers of 2 forms; 5 subbasifixed longer, 5 alternate versatile. 
 Germen sessile ; ovules oo ; style slender ; apex minute stigmati- 
 ferous. Legume compressed; sutures 2, generally dissimilar; inferior 
 usually sinuate; segments oc, glabrous or echinate, indehiscent. 
 Seeds orbicular or subreniform, exarillate. — Herbs ; leaves digitate, 
 
 vii. 479; IU.,t. 627.— DC, Pradr., ii. 317. — Sras., Papil., 89, t. 24, 25.— Haet. & Soro., 
 
 Eml., Qen., n. 6600. — B. H., Gen., 518, n. 166. M. Cap., ii. 227.— Bams, in Olio. M. Trop. 
 
 ' Yellow (or white ?). Afr., ii. 139.— Waip., Rep., i. 727 ; ii. 889 ; v. 
 
 ^ A genus analogous at once to Zomia and to 521, 
 
 * Syst. Nat., 1076.— Destx., Jowm. JSot., i. 
 Species about 15. L., Spec., 1088 (2W- 124, t. 5.— DC, Prodr., U. 316.— Enul., Gen., 
 :). — Wait., Carol., 182 (Arachis). — n. 6599.— B. H., Gen., 518, n. 168. — Anonyma 
 AuBi., Gmam., 776, t. 309 (TrifoUvm). — Walt., Carol., 181 (ex DC). — Myriadewus 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, t. 594-596.— Dubtx., loc. cit, 121, t. 4.— DC, Prodr., ii. 
 Pai. Beadt., Fl. Ow. et Sen., t. 77.— Wight 316. 
 
 ; Aen., Prodr., i. 218. — Benth., in MaH. Fl. 
 
 X 2 
 
308 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 2-4-foliolate ; leaflets exstipellate, usually sprinkled with pellucid 
 dots ; stipules subfoliaceous ; flowers solitary or oftener in interrupted 
 spikes ; peduncles terminal and axillary ; bracts minute or incon- 
 spicuous ; stipules 3, lateral large foliaceous striated, including sub- 
 sessile .flower ; bractlets {Northern and tropical America, southern 
 Africcf). 
 
 152. Chapmannia Tobu. & Gr.** — Calyx membranous, broadly 
 tubular ; tube tapering at base ; apex shortly 6-lobed ; lobes unequal 
 imbricated ; lowest narrower ; superior more or less connate. Petals 
 thin ; standard suborbicular ; wings obliquely obovate ; keel 
 nearly equal to standard, curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; 
 filaments connate into a closed tube ; anthers nearly uniform ; 5 
 inserted higher, versatile ; 5 alternate subbasifixed suberect. Germen 
 sessile ; ovules co ; style slender elongated ; apex minute stigmati- 
 ferous. Legume subterete rigid ; superior suture nearly straight ; 
 inferior sinuate ; segments long ovoid, longitudinally striated, 
 glandular- muricated, truncate at both ends, 1- seeded. Seeds oblong 
 exarillate; embryo subovoidj radicle superior conical straight. — 
 An erect herb, branched at base ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets few 
 entire exstipellate ; stipules subulate ; flowers^ in short, simple or 
 somewhat branched, long-pedunculate racemes ; bracts and bractlets 
 stipules?) small {Florida). 
 
 153. Arachis L.* — Eeceptacle more or less concave, lined by a 
 disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; either tubular or sacciform at base ; or 
 else 2-partite, anterior sepal free to base, 4 superior connate to a 
 considerable height and membranous; teeth imbricated. Petals 
 very unequal; standard suborbicular, scarcely tapering at base, 
 
 > Species about 10. Miohx., M. Sor.-Amer., * Gen., n. 876. — J., Gen., 354 Gjertn. 
 
 ii. 76, t. 41. — H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. Fmct., ii. t. 144. — Lame., Diet., i. 222 ; Suppl 
 
 514.— TOBE. & Ge., Fl. iV. Amer., i. 353.— i. 415; III., t. 615.— DC, Mem. Legnm., t. 20* 
 
 WiaHT & Abn., Frodr., i. 217. — Moeic, PI. fig. 105 ; Prodr., ii. 474. — Tttep., Id Diet. d'Sisi. 
 
 Wami. Amer., t. 75-79. — Benth., in MaH. Fl. Nat., Atl., t. 254, 255. — Endl., Gen., n. 6601 — 
 
 Bras., Papil., 80, t. 21, 22.— Haev. & SowD., B. H., Gen., 518, n. 167.— Jac. de Coedem., in 
 
 Fl. Cap., ii. 225.— Bakes, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Adansonia, vi. 24&.~AraciMida Plitm., Gen. 
 
 Afr., ii. 159. t. 37. — Arachidnoides N'issoi,,in Act. Acad Par 
 
 " Fl. N. Amer., i. 355.— Benth., in Trans. (1723), 387, t. \9.—ChamcBhalanm Rumph.,' 
 
 Zi»». Soc, xviii. 161. — EsfDL., ©em., n. 6602. — Herl. Ambom., iv. 426, t. 536 MmduU 
 
 B. H., Gen., 517, n. 165. Maecge., Srasil, 37. 
 
 3 Yellow in the 1 known species (CJloridana 
 ToEE. & Ge.). 
 
LBGUMINOSMPAPILIONAaHM. 309 
 
 thickened gibbous at back ; wings oblong free ; keel curved, beaked 
 and tapering for a considerable distance at apex. Stamens 9, 10, 
 1-adelphous ; tube more or less thickened and fleshy at base ; anthers 
 of 2 forms ; 5 oppositipetalous shorter subglobose versatile, 5 alter- 
 nipetalous elongated basifixed. Germen subsessile pauciovulate, 
 afterwards (receptacle becoming elongated rigid reflexed) stipitate, 
 and wreathed by a stigma-like neck after fall of style ; style long 
 filiform before anthesis ; apex stigmatiferous, not dilated. Legume 
 (ripening underground) oblong thick reticulated subtorulose, some- 
 what constricted between seeds, not reticulated, continuous within, 
 indehiscent. Seeds few, unevenly ovoid ; embryo exalbuminous, 
 very fleshy oily ; cotyledons plano-convex, very thick, subauriculate 
 at base ; radicle short. — Low or often prostrate herbs ; leaves either 
 paripinnate, leaflets 2- or pauci-jugate, or more rarely 3-foliolate ; 
 stipules 2, lateral adnate to base of petiole ; flowers^ either in dense 
 axillary spikes, or solitary or few axillary, sessile or pedicellate; 
 bract often 2-auriculate ; bractlets 2, linear, inserted at a variable 
 height on floral receptacle {Tropical America'). 
 
 1 53a. Arthroclianth.us H. Bn.' — Flowers papilionaceous ; recep- 
 .tacle short concave, lined by a cupuliform disk. Calyx gamosepa- 
 lous subcampanulate, obtusely 4- or 5-toothed. Corolla nearly of 
 Clianthus (or Chadica) ; standard shorter than wings, subovate, 
 usually acute at apex, shortly unguiculate, reflexed ; wings with 
 longer claws, falcate, acute or acuminate, adhering to keel ; keel 
 longer, arched, acutely beaked at apex ; petals with very long claws, 
 cohering valvately below. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers 
 oblong, inserted dorsally above base, subversatile. Germen stipitate ; 
 ovules Qc ; style slender curved subulate ; apex stigmatiferous, not 
 thickened. Legume long-stipitate, surrounded at base by persistent 
 calyx, linear, much elongated, compressed cc-jointed ; segments 
 glabrous submembranous, narrowed at both ends, 1 -seeded ; last 
 segment apiculated by style. Seeds (when unripe) subreniform 
 descending, narrowed for a considerable distance below. — A shrub ; 
 leaves alternate pinnate 3-foliolate ; leaflets petiolulate ; stipules 
 
 1 Yellow or whitish. Jungh-, 210 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., 86, t. 
 
 2 Species 6 or 7. Hook., Icon., t. 500.— 23.— Walp., Eep., i. 727 ; Am., iv. 534. 
 Benih., in Trans. Litm. Soc, xviii. 158 ; PI. ' Adansonia, ix. 296. 
 
310 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 short acute ; flowers in axillary racemes ; rachis rather rigid, straight ; 
 bracts short distichous ; pedicels long ; bractlets 2, short, inserted at 
 top of pedicel below flower {New Caledonia^). 
 
 154. Desmodium Desvx/ — Calyx gamosepalous ; tube short, at 
 base either obtuse {Catenarian Bendrolobium* Bicerma,^ Phyllodium^ 
 PterolomdJ), or tapering {Nicolsonia,^ Codariocalyw^ Pleurolobus,^" 
 Cyclomorium^^ Sagotia^"^ Bollinerd^) ; lobes or teeth 5, unequal ; 
 2 superior connate to a less height ; 3 inferior narrower, acute or 
 subulate. Petals sessile or unguiculate; standard obovate, oblong, 
 or suborbicular, narrowed at base, sessile or more rarely with an 
 obtuse or subcordate claw ; wings oblique, either slightly adhering 
 to inappendiculate keel {Catenaria, Bendrolobium, &c.), or adhering 
 to keel laterally appendiculate with a small membrane or hump 
 {Nicolsonia, Codariocalyx, &c.) ; keel curved or subrostrate, obtuse. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; vexillary stamen free at base, connate 
 to a variable height with remainder into a closed tube. Germen 
 sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2-qo ; style curved or inflexed, beardless ; 
 apex obtuse or capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume jointed exserted : 
 segments l-oo ; of variable form, coriaceous or membranous, rather 
 turgid or flat, glabrous or villous, either separating in succession on 
 maturity and usually indehiscent, or more rarely scarcely separable 
 and dehiscing at inferior suture. Seeds orbicular ovate or reni- 
 form, compressed exarillate. — Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs ; leaves 
 usually pinnate 3-foliolate {Bendrolobium, Bicerma, Phyllodivm, Bol- 
 linera, &c.), more rarely 5- or 1-foliolate {Pteroloma, &c.) ; leaflets 
 stipeUate ; stipules free or connate into one, oppositifolious, usually 
 dry striated ; flowers" either in terminal or axillary, compound 
 branched, or more rarely simple or subumbellate racemes, or else 
 sometimes axillary, solitary or few ; bracts often 2 -flowered, mem- 
 
 1 Speoiea 1 : A. sanguineus. 325. — Endl., Gm., n. 6612. — FerroUeiia DC, 
 
 2 Joum. Sot, I. 122, t. 5, fig. 15.— DC, in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 1, iv. 95. 
 
 Frodr., ii. 325. — Spach, Suit, a Buffon,i. 133. — » Hassk., in Flora (1842), Beibl., ii. 48. 
 
 Endl., Qen., n. 6615.— B. H., Q-en., 519, 1002, "> Jattme, in Desvx. Joum. Bot, i. 61. 
 
 n. 170. " Waip., Rep., ii. 890. 
 
 ' Behte., in Plant. Jimgh., i. 220. "^ Walp., in lAnruea, xxiii. 737; Ann., ii. 412 
 
 < Benth., loo. eit, 215. (nee H. Bn.). — Oxydium Benn., Fl. Ja/ean. 
 
 « DC, Mem. Legum., 326 ; Frod/r., ii. 339 Rar., 156. 
 
 (sect. Desmodii). — Endi.., Gen., n. 6616. '^ Ekdi,., Gen., n. 6614. — Ototropis Schau., 
 
 8 Desvx., loc cit., 123, t. 5, fig. 24. Ind. Kort. Wralisl. (1838). 
 
 ' Benth., in Flamt. Jungh., i. 219. " Usually small ; white, or oftener pink purple 
 
 8 DC, Mem. Legum., 311, t. 51; Frodr., ii. or blue. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 311 
 
 branous or small, deciduous or persistent ; bractlets variable, some- 
 times membranous, sometimes minute or 0' (All tropical and sub- 
 tropical regions'). 
 
 155? Pseudarthria Wight & Arn.'— Flowers of Bemodium. 
 Legume pland-compressed ; sutures straight or slightly and unevenly- 
 sinuate between seeds, continuous within, 2-valved; valves thin, 
 transversely veined, not jointed." — Herbs, villous or viscid ; leaves 
 pinnate 3-foliolate ; inflorescence and other characters of Desmodium 
 {Tropical Asia, south-eastern regions and islands of Africa^). 
 
 156? Pycnospora E. Br.° — Flowers of Desmodium. Legume' 
 oblong turgid, continuous within, oo-seeded, 2-valved ; valves thin, 
 marked by transverse veins, not jointed. Seeds reniform funiculate, 
 thinly arillate. — ^A slender undershrub f leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; 
 stipules 3, membranous striated ; inflorescence terminal, oo -flowered 
 (of Desmodium) ; bracts membranous caducous {Tropical Asia and 
 Australia^). 
 
 157. Uraria Desvx." — Flowers of Desmodium ; germen 2-qci -ovu- 
 late. Legume 2-xi -seeded, constricted between seeds ; segments 
 rather turgid, compressed, folded back one upon the other, inclosed 
 
 ' Bentham divides this genus into 12 sec- * This genus is not otherwise distinguished 
 
 tions, as foUows : — 1. Dcnd/rolobivm ; 2. Phyl- from Desmodium, of which it ought, perhaps, 
 
 3. Dicerma ; 4. Fteroloma ; 5. Cafe- rather to be considered a section. 
 
 naria ; 6. Scorpimms (Benth.) ; 7. DolUnera j ' Species 3 or 4. Wight, Icon., t. 286. — 
 
 8. Seteroloma (Behte.) ; 9. Crala/rmm ; 10. Kl., in Pet. Mossamh,, Bot., t. 1 (Anarthro- 
 
 Nicolsonia; IX.Sagotia; li.PlewrolohivmiliC.). syne). — Haet. & SoHi)., Fl. Cap., ii. 299. — 
 
 ^ Species about 120. Jaoq., Bort. Schcenbr., Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 167. 
 
 t. 297, 298; Ic. Bar., t. 565.— Wall., PI. As. ^ Ap. WmiiT& Arts., Prodr., i. 197.— Endl., 
 
 Rar., t. 94, 157.— Wight, loon., t. 209, 270- Gen., n. 6529.— B. H., Gen., 521, n. 173. 
 
 272, 291-294, 298, 373, 374, 406, 407, 409, 418, ' Small, almost as hi the small-fruited Cro- 
 
 419, 984, 985. — H. B. K., Nov, Gen. et Spec, talaruB; only the transverse veins in^cate an 
 
 vi. t. 597-599. — Labili., Sert. Austr.-Caled., affinity with Desmodium, whence the place of 
 
 t. 71, 72. — Benth., in Mwrt. Fl. Bras., Papil., this genus remains very doubtful and artificial. 
 
 94, t. 26, 27 ; in PI. Jimgh., i. 221 ; Fl. Austral., * Habit entirely that of the 3-foliolate species 
 
 ii. 229. — Hook. & Aen., Beech. Voy., Bot., t. of Desmodiwm. 
 
 87, 96. — MiQ., Fl. IrS.-Bat., Snppl., 305 ' Species 1. P. Jtedysaroides R. Be., loo. 
 
 Thw., Fnvm. PI. Zeyl., 411. — Habt. & Sond., dt. — Behth., Fl. Austral., ii. 236. — P. nervosa 
 
 Fl. Cap., ii. 228. — Bakee, in OUe. Fl. Trop. Wight & Aen. — Crotalwria ? nervosa Geah., in 
 
 Afr., ii. 159. — Bot. Beg., t. 355, 815, 967. — Cat. Wall.,n. 54SiS'B.—Indigoferadesmodioides 
 
 Bot. Mag., t. 2867, 2960, 8553, 5452.— Walp., Beenh., PI. Ind. Mohen., n. 303. 
 
 Bep., i. 736 J ii. 890 ; v. 525 j Ann., i. 249 j ii. "> Joum. Bot, i. 122, t. 5.— DC, Prodr., ii. 
 
 413 ; iv. 537. 324.— Endl., Gen., n. 6610.— B. H., Gen., 521, 
 
 3 Prodr., i. 209.— Endl., Gen., n. 6689.— n. 114.—Doodia RoXB., Bort. Calc, 99 ; Fl. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 521, n. 172. — Anarthrosyne E. Ind., iii. 365 (nee R. Be.). 
 Mey., Comm. PI. Afric. Austr., 124. — Endl., 
 Gen., n. 6613. 
 
312 NATURAL EISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 by persistent calyx. — Herbs or undershrubs ; leaves pinnate 3- or 
 more rarely 5-7-foliolate ; lower leaves more rarely 1-foliolate; 
 leaflets stipellate ; stipules 3, acuminate, striated at base ; flowers' in 
 terminal, dense or much elongated and spiciform, racemes ; pedicels 
 in pairs, booked-inflexed at apex; bracts variable, persistent or 
 deciduous {Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia^). 
 
 158? Lo-urea Neck.' — Flowers of Uraria; calyx broadly cam- 
 panulate, nearly equally 5-lobed, after antbesis accrescent mem- 
 branous and longer than fruit. Legume 2-ao -seeded; segments 
 ovate compressed, ratber turgid, bent back and nestling in bottom 
 of calyx. — Erect or prostrate herbs; habit of Desmodium; leaves 
 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets stipellate, usually broader than long ; stipules 
 2, subulate or striated ; flowers^ in slender loose racemes ; pedicels 
 usually in pairs ; bracts acuminate caducous {Tropical Asia and 
 Australia^). 
 
 159. Mecopus Benn.^ — Flowers of Desmodium ; keel much curved, 
 obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Germen shortly stipitate ; 
 ovules 2 ; style inflexed ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume 
 supported on a very long stalk, much exserted from inverted calyx, 
 lodged within bracts close to axis of spike; segments 1, 2, com- 
 pressed convex reticulated indehiscent. Seeds reniform exarillate. — 
 A slender branched herb ; leaves 1-foliolate ; leaflets 2 -stipellate 
 reniform ; stipules 2, lanceolate setaceous ; flowers' crowded, in 
 dense oblong terminal racemes ; bracts elongated subulate, hooked 
 at apex ; pedicels in pairs, hooked at apex and coiled round flower 
 {Tropical Asia^). 
 
 160. Alysicarpus Neck.' — Calyx glumaceous ; lobes 5, deep, 
 
 ■ Purplish or yellowish. * Species 3 or 4. Jacq., le. Mar., t. 566 
 
 ' Species ahout 8. Jacq., Jeo». iZan, t. 567 (Sedyaarvm). — Wiani & Aeit., Prorfi-., i. 221 
 
 (Hedyscmm). — Wioht & Abn., Procl/r.,\. 221. — Wiqht, Icon., t. 285. — Bemth., la JPl. Jimgh i 
 
 WiQHT, Icon., t. 284, 289, 290, 411.— Wail., 215. 
 
 Fl. Asiat. Bar., t. 37, 110. — Benth., M. Aus- « Flant. Jav. Mar., 154, t. 32. — Endi., Qren, 
 
 tral, ii. 236.— Bakbb, in OKv. Fl. Trap. Afr:, n. 6611.— B. H., Qen., 521, u. 171. 
 
 ii. 168.— Wam., FLef., i. 735 ; ii. 889 ; v. 523. ? Very small. 
 
 ' Filem., 11. 1318. — Desvi., Jowrn. Bot., i. « gpeeies 1. M. nidulam Benn., loo. cit 
 
 122. t. 5, fig. 18.— DC, Frod/r., ii. 323.— Etol., Waip., Bep., v. 524. 
 
 Oen., n. 6609.— B. H., Qen., 522, n. 175.— » Mem., n. 1315.— DC, Frodr., ii. 352.— 
 
 Christia McBNOH, Sv^pl., 39. Endl., Gen., n. 6626. — B. H., Oen., 522,, n. 
 
 * Whitish or purplish, small. 176. — Jfegeischweilera Reg., in Bot. Zeit., 1. 47. 
 
IjTSGVMmOSJE-FAPILIONAOEM. 313 
 
 nearly equal or 3 superior connate to a greater lieiglit, sometimes 
 nearly to apex. Petals elongated; standard long obovate; wings 
 obliquely oblong ; keel adhering to and often about equal to wings, 
 slightly curved, often bearing a small membranous appendage on 
 each side, obtuse at apex. Stamens 10, 3-adelphous (9-1); anthers 
 Uniform. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules oo ; style 
 slender, more or less curved at apex ; stigma terminal or oblique, 
 usually broadly capitate. Legume subterete, subtubular, or rather 
 compressed, transversely constricted or nearly even between seeds ; 
 segments ovate or cylindrical, truncate at both ends ; septa between 
 seeds finally vanishing. Seeds suborbicular or ovate, exarillate. — 
 Erect or diffuse herbs, glabrous or silky; leaves 1-foliolate 2-stipel- 
 late or more rarely 3-foliolate; stipules scarious narrowed, free or 
 connate ; flowers in terminal or more rarely axillary racemes ; 
 pedicels articulated at base and apex, usually 3 at axil of each bract ; 
 bracts and bractlets usually scarious deciduous {All tropical regions^'). 
 
 161, Phylacium Benn.' — Calyx gamosepalous sub-2-labiate ; 3 
 superior lobes entirely or almost entirely connate. Petals rather 
 long-unguiculate ; standard obovate or suborbicular, callous and 
 bearing 3 inflexed auriculate appendages within above base ; wings 
 subfalcate, sometimes auriculate subcalcarate at base ; keel shorter 
 than wiags, curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); vexU- 
 lary stamen afterwards connate with remainder; anthers uniform. 
 Grermen subsessile, surrounded at base by a disk prolonged into a 
 ring ; ovule 1 ; style curved, slightly thickened above middle, subu- 
 late at apex ; summit capitate stigmatiferous. Legume ovate piano- 
 compressed, acuminate by style, reticulated indehiscent. Seed sub- 
 orbicular compressed exarillate. — Twining herbs ; leaves pinnate 
 3-foliolate ; leaflets stipellate, rather large ; stipules narrow caducous ; 
 flowers in a short, irregularly cymiferous axiUary raceme; bracts 
 mostly small ; 1 or few much increasing in size after anthesis, plaited 
 cucuUate membranous -foliaceous veined ; bractlets 2, inserted at apex 
 of pedicel {Indian Archipelago'). 
 
 ' Species 15. Wight, Icon., t. 92, 250, 251.— ' I'lant. Jav. Ua/r., 159, t. 33.— Eitol., Gm., 
 
 Hauv. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 230. — Bakeb, in n. 6598. — B. H., Oen., 523, u. 179. 
 Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 169. — Walp., Sep., i. ' Species 1. P. hraeteomm Bbnn., loc. cit. — 
 
 749; ii. 899; v. 528; Ann., ii. 419; iv. Walp., Bep.,\. 726; v. 520; ^m., iy. 533. — 
 
 548. -P. scandens Hasbk., Cart. Mart. Bog., 227. 
 
314 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 162? Hallia Thunb,'— Calyx subcampaniilate ; lobes 5, long acute, 
 nearly equal. Petals shortly unguiculate ; standard orbicular or 
 obovate ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel equal to or shorter than 
 wings, curved obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous or 2-adelphous 
 (9-1) J anthers uniform. Germen sessile; ovule 1, descending; 
 style slender inflexed, often dilated at point of inflexion, subulate at 
 apex ; summit capitate stigmatiferous. Legume small ovoid, 
 included in persistent slightly accrescent calyx, membranous thin 
 reticulated. Seed filling pericarp ; hilum lateral exarillate. — Under- 
 shrubs or low herbs, usually slender, difi'use or prostrate, leaves 1- 
 foliolate; stipules 3, adnate to petiole, striated; flowers axillary, 
 soUtary or more rarely in twos or threes ; pedicels slender, articu- 
 lated above middle, and bearing at articulation 1-3 more or less 
 connate involucriform bracts {Southern Africa'). 
 
 163. Eleiotis DC — Calyx gamosepalous membranous ; teeth 5, 
 very short unequal. Petals shortly unguiculate; standard sub- 
 orbicular emarginate ; wings oblong, adhering to keel ; keel obtuse, 
 shorter than wings. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers 
 uniform. Grermen sessile; ovule 1, descending; style inflexed above 
 middle and slightly thickened at point of inflexion ; summit capitate 
 stigmatiferous. Legume compressed, unevenly ovate, acute mem- 
 branous reticulated indehiscent. Seed reniform exarillate. — A tender 
 diffuse herb ; leaves 1- or more rarely 3-foliolate ; stipules small 
 striated; flowers very small in slender terminal and axillary racemes; 
 pedicels usually 2 in axil of each of rather large striated caducous 
 bracts* {East Indiei). 
 
 164. Leptodesmia Benth.^ — " Calyx deeply cleft ; lobes narrow, 
 nearly equal. Standard suborbicular unguiculate ; wings obliquely 
 oblong, free; keel narrower obtuse. Vexillary stamen free or 
 scarcely cohering with remainder close to base ; remainder connate ; 
 
 1 Fl. Ca/p., Pref. & 593. — DC, Prodr., ii. which it differs only hy its l-ovulate ovary and 
 122. — Ekdl., Gen., u. 6469. — B. H., Gen., 523, l-segmented legume. 
 
 n. 180. * Species 1. E. sororia DC, loc. cit. — J?. 
 
 2 Species 6, Haet. & Soiro., M. Cap., ii. monoph/lla J)C., ho. cit., n.l. — Gh/cme sororia 
 231. Bttem., M. Ind., t. 50, fig. 2. — Seciysarwm 
 
 3 Mem. Legwm., 348 ; Vrod/r., ii. 348. — Endl., sororimn L., Mant., 270. — Hallia sororia W. 
 ee«., n. 6620. — B. H., ffen., 523, n. 1V8. Spec, ili. 1170. — Onohryohis sororia Destx., 
 
 ■* This genus ought hardly to be separated Joum. Sot., i. t. 6. 
 ftom section Heteroloma of Besmodima, from ^ Gen., 522, ii. 177. 
 
LEGUMmOSJB-PAFILIONAOTlM. 315 
 
 anthers uniform. Germen sessile 1 -ovulate ; style filiform ; stigma 
 terminal capitate. Legume ovoid 1 -seeded 3-valved, included by- 
 calyx. Seed estropHolate. — Perennial herbs or undersbrubs, diffuse 
 leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; leaflets small stipellate ; stipules free 
 flowers small, crowded in short dense subcapitate terminal racemes 
 bracts broad, imbricated, deciduous before anthesis" {East Indies, 
 Madagascar"). 
 
 165. Cranocarpus Benth.^ — Flowers almost those oi Besmodium ; 
 calyx oblique ; 2 superior teeth broader. Petals narrowed for some 
 distance at base. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous; sheath not cleft; 
 anthers uniform. Grermen subsessile ; ovule 1 ; style slender curved ; 
 apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate, much compressed, 
 subgaleate ; superior margin impressed at middle, much intruded at 
 position of seed ; inferior much arched ; faces convex ; seed reniform 
 exarillate. — A shrub; leaves 1-3-foliolate ; terminal leaflet large 
 penniveined 2-stipeUate ; 3 lateral small or ; stipules free setaceous 
 acuminate ; flowers' in axillary racemes ; pedicels solitary 2-brac- 
 teolate; bracts small {Brazil). 
 
 166. Lespedeza Michx.'' — Eeceptacle very shortly cupuliform. 
 Calyx lobes or teeth 5, nearly equal or 2 superior connate to a rather 
 greater height. Petals unguiculate ; standard oblong or obovate ; 
 wings oblong falcate, free or adhering to keel ; keel curved, obtuse 
 or beaked. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; more rarely vexillary 
 stamen connate with remainder ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile 
 or stipitate ; ovule 1 ; style slender curved ; apex minute stigma- 
 tiferous. Legume subspherical or ovate, rather compressed, reti- 
 culated indehiscent. Seed of same form as pericarp, exarillate. — 
 Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, rarely glabrous ; leaves pinnate 3- 
 foliolate or l-foholate, exstipellate ; stipules 2, small, often very 
 caducous; flowers' in racemes or fascicles; inflorescences axillary 
 or more rarely branched terminal ; bracts small 1 -flowered ; bract- 
 
 ' Species 1 or 2. Wight, Icon., t. 1056 Prodr., ii. 348.— Ekdl., Gen., n. 6623.— B. H., 
 
 {NicoUomd). — Benth., in Plcmt. Jimgh., i. 221 Qen., 524, n. 182. — OxyrampMa Wall., Cat., 
 
 {i)esmodmm). n. 5348-5350. — Campylotropis Bge., in Arm. 
 
 2 In Mm-t. Fl. Bras., Pofil., 106, t. 28.— Sc. Nat., s&. 2, vi. 57.— Etol., &en., n. 6622.— 
 B. H., Qm., 523, n. 181. Phlebosporima JmsfGH., S,eise, 846, ex Flora 
 
 3 " Yellow or whitish." (1847), 508. 
 
 * Fl. Bor.-Amer., ii. 70, t. 39, 40.— DC, * White, pink, or purplish. 
 
316 NATUBAL SISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lets 2, inserted at apex of pedicel {Temperate Asia, Australia, North 
 America^). 
 
 167? Ougeinia Benth.^ — Eeceptacle small cupshaped, lined by a 
 very thick glandular disk. Calyx markedly perigynous; lobes 5, 
 obtuse unequal ; 2 superior connate into a broad, emarginate or 2- 
 toothed lip ; lowest lobe larger tban lateral. Petals shortly ungui- 
 culate ; standard suborbicular or broadly obovate ; wings obliquely 
 oblong, slightly adhering to keel ; keel about equal to wings, slightly 
 curved, obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers uniform. 
 Germen sessile elongated ; ovules oo ; style curved ; apex capitate 
 globose stigmatiferous. Legume elongated flat ; segments 1- cd , 
 long oblong, rather thick, reticulated, scarcely dehiscent.^ Seeds 
 compressed reniform exarillate. — A tree ; leaves pinnate 3-foliolate ; 
 leaflets large stipellate ; stipules deciduous ; flowers very crowded in 
 short racemes densely fascicled at old nodes ; pedicels filiform ; bracts 
 small scale-like ; bractlets inserted at top of pedicel below flower, 
 subpersistent {East Indies'^). 
 
 VII. DALBEEaiEj:. 
 
 168. Dalbergia L. F. — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a disk. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 5, unequal imbricated; lowest often 
 longer than others; 3 superior broader. Corolla papilionaceous; 
 petals unguiculate ; standard ovate or obovate, more rarely orbicu- 
 lar ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel obtuse, petals dorsally connate 
 at apex. Stamens 10 ; either 1-adelphous, sheath longitudinally 
 cleft above; or 2-adelphous (9-1) ; more rarely 9, vexillary stamen 
 absent ; anthers small erect didymous ; cells usually dorsally apposed, 
 more or less longitudinally rimose from apex. Germen stipitate; 
 ovules few or 1 ; style curved ; apex minute or slightly dilated, stig- 
 matiferous. Legume oblong or linear or more rarely falcate, flat 
 samaroid thin reticulated, slightly hardened at middle, 1 -seeded or 
 
 ' Species about 25. Jacquem., Toy. Sot, t. ' In Flant. Jungh., i. 216. — B. H., Qen., 518, 
 
 50-52. — MlQ., M. Ind.-Baf., i. t. 4 {Cam^ylo^ n. 169. 
 
 tropis). — Kl., in Waldem. Seis., JBot., t.l, tg. ' "Resembling the legume of Dalbergia^' 
 
 2 (Oxi/r(mpMs). — Bbnth., Fl. Eongh., 85; Fl. (Benth.). 
 
 l., ii. 2dfl. — RtrpE., Dec. Fl. Am., t. 5. — * Species 1. 0. daUergioides Benth. — Dal- 
 
 Sot. Reg. (1846), t. 28. — Walp., Sep., i. 748 ; lergia oogeinensis RoXB., ex Wl&HT, Icon., t. 
 V. 527 J Ann., ui. 850; iv. 547. 391. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAFILIONAGEM 317 
 
 few-seeded (seeds remote), either not thickened or winged at margins, 
 indehiscent. Seeds reniform piano-compressed, laterally affixed ; 
 embryo exalbuminous ; radicle superior inflexed. — Trees or climbing 
 shrubs; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets co, exstipellate, 
 alternate, or more rarely 1 terminal ; stipules usually small, caducous, 
 or scarcely visible ; flowers small, usually crowded in axillary or 
 terminal racemes composed of numerous, regular or irregular, much 
 branched cymes; bracts and bractlets usually small, caducous or 
 persistent {Tropical Asia, Africa, Oceania, and America). 
 
 169. Ecastaphyllum P. Br." — Flowers of Dalhergia. Legume 
 suborbicular, flat and rather thick or finally corky and thickened, 
 submarginate at superior suture, 1-seeded indehiscent. — Shrubs, 
 loosely branched or sarmentose, climbing ; leaves alternate impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets 1- oo, usually alternate, exstipellate ; flowers" in 
 short, simple or compound, axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets 
 small {Tropical America and Africa^). 
 
 170. Machserium Pers.* — Flowers nearly of Balbergia ; recep- 
 tacle minutely cupuliform, obtuse at base ; anthers versatile ; 
 cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Grermen 1-2-ovulate. 
 Legume compressed samaroid, thickened at base, 1-seeded, tapering 
 above into an oblong net-veined wing, terminated by style, inde- 
 hiscent. Seed ovate orbicular or reniform ; embryo rather fleshy ; 
 radicle inflexed. — Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing ; leaves impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets oo, usually alternate ; stipules usually small, some- 
 times hardened spinescent; inflorescences* of Dalhergia [Tropical 
 America^). 
 
 171. Cyclolobium Benth.' — Flowers nearly of Macharium; 
 
 ' Jam., 229, t. 32, fig. 1. — L. C. Rich., in Trap. Afr., ii. 236.— H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 
 
 Pers. St/ti., ii. 277.— DC, Frodr., ii. 420. — 217. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 545, n. 237. — Acouroa AuBi., ■• Si/n., ii. 276. — Endi., Gen., n. 6710. — 
 
 Ghiian., 753, t. 801. — Drakensteinia Neck., B. H., Gen., 545, u. 39. 
 
 Ulem., n. 1344. — SecastopluillMm H. B. K., ' Flowers small or middle-sized; purple, violet, 
 
 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 387. — Endi., Gen., n. or white. 
 
 6703 (Some authors write " Scastophyllmn"). ' Species about 60. Pebsl, Symb., t. 72, 73. — 
 
 ^ Whitish, small. Benth., in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 52 ; in 
 
 3 Species 4 or 5. MiQ., Stirp. Swrin., t. 5.— MaH. Fl. Sras., Fapil, 231, t. 67-80.— Waip., 
 
 Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mm., ii. 93 ; in Journ. Sep., i. 794 ; Ana., ii. 437 ; iv. 571. 
 
 Zitm. Soc, iv. Suppl., 50 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., ' In Atm. Wien. Mns., ii. 92. — Ehdi., Gen., 
 
 Papil., 227, t. 63-65. — Bakee, in Olm. Fl. n. 6700.— B. H., Gen., 545, n. 238. 
 
318 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 receptacle scarcely concave, obtuse at base ; disk minute. Legume 
 stipitate orbicular membranous, scarcely thickened over seeds ; 
 superior suture narrowly winged; style terminal; indehiscent. 
 Seeds 2, 3, oblong transverse ; embryo straight. — Shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate 1-foliolate, usually 2-stipellate ; flowers' in axillary or 
 lateral, simple or fascicled, racemes. Other characters of Balbergia 
 {Tropical America'). 
 
 172. Drepanocarpus Gr. A. F. Met.' — i'lowers oi Machceria; sta- 
 mens 1-2-adelphous. Legume reniform or circinate, piano-com- 
 pressed, thickly coriaceous, 1 -seeded indehiscent. — Erect trees or 
 climbing shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate exstipellate ; leaflets usually 
 alternate ; stipules small or hardened spinescent ; flowers" in short 
 secundifloral racemes fascicled at axUs or branched terminal ; bracts 
 small caducous ; bractlets usually orbiculate persistent [Tropical 
 America and Africcf). 
 
 173. Platypodium Vog.^ — Mowers almost 'Cha'se, oi Macheenum ; 
 receptacle shortly turbinate. Stamens 10, 8 connate into 2 lateral, 
 4-androus phalanges; vexUlary and lowest nearly or quite free. 
 Legume stipitate samaroid, woody at apex, 1, 2-seeded, indehiscent, 
 dilated at base into an oblong obliquely-veined wing-like stalk. — 
 Unarmed tree; leaves pari- or imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate or 
 irreguarly opposite ; stipules narrowed subulate or minute ; flowers' 
 in loose racemes at higher axils ; bracts and bractlets small caducous. 
 {BraziV). 
 
 174. Tipuana Bbnth.'— Flowers almost those of Platypodium; 
 calyx more elongated or tubular, shortly toothed; stamens 10, 1, or 
 
 ' Middle-sized. in Mart. M. Sras., Papil., 257, t. 81-85 ; in 
 
 ^ Species 4. Benth., in Journ. lAnn. Soc, Jowrn. Lima. Soc, iv. Suppl., 69. — Baeeb, in 
 
 iv. Suppl., 51 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 229, Oliv. M. Trap. Afr., iL 237. — H. Bn., in Ada/rt- 
 
 t. 66. sonia, vi. 218. 
 
 ' Primit. PI. &segueh., 236. — Gjsetn., ^ In Zimnaa, id. 420. — B. H., Gen., 546, n. 
 
 Fruct., ii. 351 (part.), t. 156 {Pterocarpm). — 242. — Callisemiiea Bs^xs., in Ann. Wieii. Mas., 
 
 DC, Prodr., ii. 420 (part.). — Endl., Gen., n. ii. 105. — Ehdl., Gen., n. 6721. 
 6709. — B. H., Gen., 546, n. 240. — Orucaria ' Handsome, rather large, yellow. 
 
 Clus., JEro*., 47, 48 (ex Endl.). — Sommerfeldtia ^ Species 2. Benth., in Jowrn. Linn. Soc. 
 
 SOHUM. & Thonn., Peshr., 331. — Nephrosis iv. Suppl., 72 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 261 
 
 L. C. Rich., mss. (ex Endi.). t. 87, 88. 
 
 ■• Purple, violet, or white. ' In Jowm. lAmn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 72. B. H. 
 
 ' "pecies 8. H. B. K., Noe. Gen. et Spec, Gen., 546, n. 241. 
 
 vi. 390.— Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mzis.,a. 95; 
 
LEGUMINOSJE-PAPILIONAGEJU. 319^ 
 
 2-adelphoas. Legume stipitate, ovate and thickly coriaceous at 
 base, few seeded indehiscent, produced above into a coulter-shaped 
 transversely veined wing/ sometimes with a thickened margin formed 
 by base of persistent style. Seeds 1-3, obliquely oblong, transverse, 
 rather curved, separated by a hard isthmus of pericarp; embryo 
 exalbuminous ; radicle short curved. — Trees, handsome unarmed; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets co, exstipellate, mostly alternate ; 
 stipules small caducous ; flowers^ in loose branched terminal racemes ; 
 bracts small caducous ; bractlets {South America^). 
 
 175. Centrolobium Mart.^ — Flowers almost those of Tipuana, 
 rather large; calyx unequally toothed, imbricated. Wings and 
 petals of keel nearly similar, obliquely unguiculate. Stamens 10, 
 1-adelphous ; filaments connate into a sheath cleft above and more 
 deeply divided below than laterally ; anthers versatile. Germen 2, 
 3-ovulate, much compressed and sterile at apex ; style slender curved ; 
 apex not thickened, stigmatiferous. Legume large samaroid inde- 
 hiscent, at base thickly coriaceous, inflated subligneous 1-3-seeded ; 
 higher produced into a falcate-oblong veined wing ; style persistent 
 hardened ; laterally spurred at base of wing. Seeds separated by 
 transverse or oblique septa, subreniform ; radicle curved. — Trees, 
 unarmed; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite and alternate, 
 exstipellate ; stipules unevenly ovate, foliaceous caducous ; 
 flowers* in large branched terminal racemes ; bracts almost resem- 
 bling stipules, caducous ; bractlets narrow caducous [Tropicai 
 America^). 
 
 176. Pterocarpus L.' — Eeceptacle shortly turbinate, lined by a 
 disk ; mouth usually slightly oblique. Calyx gamosepalous ; 2 su- 
 
 • " The wing," says Bentham, " ought to 'Ex Bknth., in Arm. Wien. Mus., ii. 95. 
 
 be considered an appendage rather of the style Endl., Gen., n. 6707. — B. H., Gen., 546, n. 243. 
 
 than of the legume itself;" but on examination ' '• White tinged with violet," middle-sized or 
 
 of the young fruit, the wing appears to us to rather large. 
 
 arise from the same part as inMao&tBrium, though " Species 2 or 3. Vblloz., Fl. Mum., vii. t. 
 
 not quite similar in shape. Hence the genus is 85 {Nissolia). — Peesl, S^/mb., ii. 26, t. 74. 
 
 a somewhat doubtful one, and to be distinguished Bbkth., in ffooi:. Jown., ii. 66 ; in Joum. lArm. 
 
 from Maehariwm. rather by the habit of the seeds Soc, iv. Suppl., 73 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., 
 
 and by the appearance of the plant, which is 263, t. 89-91.— TuL., in Arch. Mus., iv. 87. 
 
 almost that of Sowdichia. 7 Gen,., n. 854. — J., Gen., 364. — G^bin., 
 
 ^ "Yellow, handsome." Fntct., ii. 351 (part.), t. 156, fig. 2 (part.).— 
 
 ' Species 3. Benth., in MaH. Fl. Bras., Lamk., Did., v. 725 j Suppl., iv. 610 (part.) ; 
 
 Pofpil., 259, t. 86. III., t. 602 (part.).— DC, Prodr., ii. 418 (part.).— 
 
320 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 perior teeth or lobes connate to a variable height. Corolla almost 
 that of Balhergia ; standard broadly ovate or suborbiculate. Sta- 
 mens 10, 1- or 2-adelphous ; sheath longitudinally cleft above or on 
 both sides; more rarely vexillary stamen free; anthers versatile. 
 Germ en sessile or stipitate; ovules 2-6, descending; style slender 
 curved ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume compressed, ovate or 
 offcener orbicular, more rarely oval-oblong and more or less oblique, 
 seminiferous and more or less thickened or hardened at middle ; 
 sometimes unevenly corky {MoutoucJii^) ; sometimes tapering all 
 round into a wing, echinate at middle {Echinodiscm^, or almost en- 
 tirely membranous thin {Amphymenium^) ; more rarely longer than 
 broad, coriaceous, rather thick {Ancylocalyw*). Seeds 1 or more 
 rarely 2, separated by a septum ; radicle short curved. — Trees, un- 
 armed ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate or nearly 
 opposite, exstipeUate ; stipules usually minute or inconspicuous; 
 flowers' in simple or branched, axillary and terminal racemes ; bracts 
 and bractlets small caducous^ {Tropical Ania, Africa, and America!). 
 
 177 ? Pcecilanthe Benih.' — " Calyx turbinate at base; 2 superior 
 lobes connate into 1 sub-2-dentate. Standard orbicular inappen- 
 diculate ; wings falcate-oblong or obovate ; keel curved subrostrate, 
 petals dorsally connate. Stamens all connate into a sheath clefb 
 above ; 5 anthers longer, affixed close to base ; 5 alternate shorter 
 versatile. Germen subsessile or shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate ; style 
 filiform curved ; stigma small terminal. Legume .... (when 
 
 Spaoh, Bait, a Buffon, i. 362. — Endl., Gen., n. ' Yellow, more rarely whitish mixed with 
 
 6705. — B. H., Gen., 547, n. 244 (incl. : Arrvphy- violet, often handsome. 
 
 menitim H. B. K., ? Aucyloealyx Tui., Wchino- ^ Vatairea Aubl. (Guian., 755, t. 302. — 
 
 discos DC, MouioacU AuBl., Fhellocarpus DC, Prodr., ii. 521. — Eitol., Gen., n. 6731) is 
 
 Benth., ? Vatairea AUBl. [according to hesitatingly referred by Bentham to Fterocarpas 
 
 Bbnth., not Sia., as will be seen below]). (see above, p. 319, note 7). 
 
 ' AUBI.., Oman., ii. 748, t. 299. — Gh-iselinia ? Species about 15. Jaoq., Amer., 283, t. 
 
 Neok., Ulem., n. 1358 (nee FoBST.). — Mou- 182, fig. 92. — Vahi, Si/mb., ii. 79. — EoXB., Fl. 
 
 touchia DC. (sect. Pterocarpi). — Benth., in Coromand., ii. 9, 1. 116. — Pees., St/n., ii. 277. 
 
 Ann. W%». 3fK«., ii. 94.— Enti.., 6e»., n. 6704. Wioht, III., t. 78; Icon., t. 246. — Gfill. & 
 
 ' DC, loo. cit. (sect. Pterocarpi). — Benth., Peee., Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 228, t. 54. A. 
 
 loc. cit., 94. — Endi., Gen., n. 6706. — Wein- Eioh., M. Abyss. Tent., t. 45. — Benth., in 
 
 reichia Rbiohb., Consp., 152. Jowm. Linn. Sac, iv. Suppl., 74 ; in Mart. Fl. 
 
 ' H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 380. — Sras., Papil., 266, t. 92.— Bakeb, in Oliv. Fl. 
 
 Benth., loo. cit., 95. — Phellocarpus Benth. Trap. Afr., ii. 237. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 
 
 (loo. cit), 106, is, according to the same author 217. — Waip., Ann., ii. 436 ; iv. 570. 
 
 (Gen., 547), an Ampliymenium " yi\iose fruit is ^ Benth., in Jown. Limn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 
 
 deformed (by the bite of some insect ?)." 80. — B. H., Gen.', 547, n. 245. 
 
 * Tuii., in Ann. So, Nat., ser. 2, xx. 136, t. 
 2 ; in Arch. Mm., iv. 73. 
 
LBGUMINOSM-PAPILIONAOEJE. 321: 
 
 young linear or oblong, compressed, terminated by style). Seeds 
 distant. — Trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate ; 
 stipels minute or ; stipules very caducous or inconspicuous ; 
 flowers,' in short, axillary or lateral, racemes, scattered along racbis ; 
 bracts and bractlets small" {South America^). 
 
 17S. Andira Lamk.^ — Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 5, short or 
 nearly absent. Standard suborbicular or obovate, tapering at base 
 into a claw ; wings and keel-petals (the lattiir dorsally imbricated); 
 nearly similar, oblong. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous or oftener 2-adel- 
 phous (9-1) ; anthers versatile. Germen subsessile or oftener stipi- 
 tate ; ovules 1 or oftener 2-4 ; style short curved ; apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Fruit drupaceous," ovoid or obovoid, often rather 
 compressed ; mesocarp more or less fleshy ; endocarp thick woody 
 indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seed descending j embryo very fleshy, thick 
 exalbuminous ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle short straight su- 
 perior. — Trees ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite or alter- 
 nate ; stipels small setaceous or ; stipules narrow or minute ; 
 flowers* scattered or cymose, usually crowded, on much branched 
 terminal racemes ; pedicels very short ; bracts and bractlets short 
 caducous {Tropical America^ and Africa!). 
 
 179? GeofFrsea L.^ — Flowers nearly of Andira; teeth or lobes 
 of calyx nearly equal or 2 superior connate to a greater height. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Grermen sessile or shortly stipitate ; 
 ovules few descending. Fruit drupaceous (nearly of Andira), 
 ovoid obovoid or globose. Seed 1 (of Andira). — Large or small 
 trees ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate or subopposite ; 
 stipels rarely conspicuous ; stipules acute or acuminate ; flowers' 
 
 ' " Yellow or whitish, mixed with red or violet j Spec, vi. 385. — Bbnth., in Ann. Wien. M«s., 
 
 petals glabrous." ii. 107 ; in Jov/rn. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 118 ; 
 
 " Species 3. Benth., in Mart. M. Bras., in Mart, M. Bras., Bwpil., 291, t. 109-116. — 
 
 :Pwpil., 270. t. 95. Gkibbb., PI. Cub. WHgld., i. 179. 
 
 ' Diet., i. 171 (part.) ; Suppl., i. 348 ; III., ' Species 1 or 2. H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 
 
 t. fi04. — DC, Frodr., ii. 475.— Spach, Suit, a 219, note 1. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., 
 
 Buffou, i. 135.— Endl., Gen., n. 6726.— B. H., ii. 246. 
 
 Gen., 550, n. 255. —Lumbricidia Veiloz., M. « Gen., n. 878.— B. H., Gen., 551, n. 256.— 
 
 Fliim.,vn.t. 104,105. — ? Poltolobium Pbesl, Geojfroya DC, Prodr., ii. 476. — Endl., Gen., 
 
 Bot. Bern., 63 (ex Bbnth., loo. cit.). n. 6725. — ? Acouroa Aitbl., Guian., iii. 753 
 
 ^ Like those of the PrunecB. (part.). — Drakensteinia'li!'EO'ic.,lSlein.,n.l34A. — 
 
 ^ Pinlt or violet, sweet-scented. Vmari Maboo., Bras., 121 (ex EuDl.). 
 
 ^ Species about 15. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et ' Yellow, usually fetid.. 
 
 VOL. II. Y 
 
322 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 racemose ; racemes axillary simple or subfascicled at extremities of 
 twigs; bracts caducous ; bractlets minute or 0' {Tropical America'). 
 
 180. Coumarouna Aubl.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a 
 disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5, very unequal ; 2 superior equal 
 to each other, valvate large wing-like subcoriaceous ; 3 inferior very 
 small, rather thick, connate into a 3-toothed or subentire lip. Pe- 
 tals very dissimilar ; standard broadly obovate, orbicular, or ovate, 
 emarginate 2-fid ; wings oblong or falcate, oblique, often 2-fid or 
 emarginate ; petals of keel nearly similar to wings, free or dorsally 
 cohering. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate into a 
 sheath longitudinally cleft above ; anthers versatile ; 5 alternate 
 often shorter or abortive. Grermen supported on a compressed stalk ; 
 ovule 1, descending; style slender, inflexed or curved; apex minutely 
 capitate stigmatiferous. Fruit drupaceous ovoid, rather compressed ; 
 endocarp woody, very thick, indehiscent (or subdehiscent ?), 1 -seeded. 
 Seed descending ; radicle short, nearly straight. — Trees ; leaves 
 opposite or alternate, subparipinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate ; 
 rachis often narrowly winged ; stipules minute or ; flowers* in 
 compound much branched terminal racemes ; bracts small caducous ; 
 bractlets larger, nearly similar to large sepals, often valvate in- 
 closing younger buds, caducous {Tropical America'). 
 
 181. Pterodon Vog." — Flowers of Coumarouna; 2 sepals large 
 wing-like membranous petaloid, closely valvate. Corolla and 1- 
 adelphous stamens of Coumarouna ; anthers uniform. Germen stipi- 
 tate or more rarely subsessile (of Coumarouna). Fruit drupaceous, 
 ovate or oblong, flattened, more or less oblique ; sarcocarp thin oily ; 
 endocarp woody, separating from exocarp on maturity, tapering all 
 
 • This genus ought rather to be considered a 91).— DC, Prodr., ii. 477.— Spach, Suit, ci 
 
 -section of Andira. Buffon, i. 141.— Enm., Gen., n. 6728— B H 
 
 2 Species 4 or 5. Jacq., Amer., 207.' — Qen., 551, n. 257. ' '* 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 379.— H. B., * Violet or pink, often handsome. 
 
 Plant, ^qmn., 11. 69, t. 100.— Benth., in Mook. * Species 8. Benth., in Ann. Wien Mus 
 
 ■ Joum., ii. 69; in Jom-n. Linn. Soc, Iv. Suppl., ii. 110; in JSToolc. Jown., ii. 235- in' Journ 
 
 123; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil, 299, t. 117. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 124; In Maii. M Bras' 
 
 3 Giiian., 740, t. 296 (1775).— J., Gen., 364.— Papil., 300, 1. 118, 119.— Tra., in Arch Mus' 
 H. Bn., in Adamsonia, ix. 214. — Cumarutm iv. 100. '' 
 Lamk., III., t. 601 .—Baryosma G^etbt., Fruct., « In Imncea, xl. 884.— Endl Gen n 6730 — 
 ii. 73, t. 93 -Pees., Sjn. ii. 2l8.-Heni»ia B. H., Gen., 551, n. 258.— CommiZosi^m Benth 
 Scop., Introd., n. 1270 {1777).~Taralea Aral,., in Ann. Wien. Mus,, ii. 110— Ehil Opm , 
 op. cit., 745, t. 298.— Bolducia Neck., Mem., 6729. ' ' 
 n. 1342. — Diptenix ScHBEB., Gen., 845 (1789- 
 
LI1GUMIN08M-PAPILI0NA0EM. tm 
 
 round margin into a woody or Submembranouswing, 1 -seeded. Embryo 
 flesby; radicle straight or slightly inflexed. — Trees; leaves pari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, exstipellate ; last leaflet sub- 
 terminal ; stipules small or ; flowers' in a much branched terminal 
 raceme bearing leaves at base ; bracts and bractlets membranous, 
 similar to larger lobes of calyx, deciduous" {South America^). 
 
 182. Euchresta Benn." — Eeceptacle unevenly cupuliform, postei' 
 riorly gibbous, lined by a thin disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 6, 
 nearly equal. Corolla almost that of Coublandia; petals long- 
 unguiculate. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1); anthers versatile, 
 (xermen long-stalked; ovules 1, 2, descending; style slender curved; 
 apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume ovoid stipitate shining, papery 
 and fragile when dry, indehiscent. Seed 1 ; embryo exalbuminous ; 
 radicle short straight superior. — Shrubs, glabrous ; leaves alternate 
 imparipinnate ; leaflets 3-7, rather thick ; stipules minute caducous ; 
 flowers' in axillary and terminal racemes; bracts narrow; pedicel 
 usually geniculate below flower {Further India, Indian Archipelago, 
 
 183. Fissicalyx Benth.' — "Calyx-tube turbinate; limb acumi- 
 nate, entire or very shortly 2-toothed, sometimes cleft spathe-like on 
 anthesis. Petals inserted with stamens at top of tube ; standard 
 ovate ; wings obliquely oblong, free ; petals of keel nearly similar 
 to and a. little smaller than wings, free. Stamens all connate into a 
 sheath cleft above; anthers versatile, 2-porous at apex, (xermen 
 shortly stipitate, 2-ovulate ; style filiform ; stigma minute terminal. 
 Legume flat, narrow itself, but oval-eliiptical with its wings 
 indehiscent; sutures slightly projecting; edges longitudinally and 
 broadly winged at middle. Seed pendulous ; hilum small ; radicle 
 short straight superior. — A tree ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; 
 
 1 Whitish, pink, or pale lUac, often hand- * Flant. Jav. Sar., 148, t. 31.— Emi., Gen., 
 
 some. ' t- ' '' „_ 6727.— B. H., Gen., 551, n. 254. 
 
 ' This genus ought, perhaps, rather to be con- * White, 
 
 sidered a section of Comrmrmna, with mem- ^ Species 2. LesCHEN., in Ann. Mus., xvi. 
 
 branous calyx and fruit tapering at margin. 481, t. 12 [Andwa).—OC., Prodr., ii. 476, n. 6 
 
 3 Species about 4. MOEIC, Fl. Nmv. Amer., (Andira ?).— Benth., in Jomn. lAnn. Soc, iv. 
 
 t. 62 (CommiloUum). — Bests., in Journ. Linn. Snppl., 117. 
 
 Soc, iv. Snppl., 127 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., ' In Jowm- JUnr.. Soc, v. 78; m Trans. Um. 
 
 304, 1. 120 121. Soc, xxiii. 389, t. 39.-B. H., Gen., 552, n. 259. 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 leaflets opposite exstipellate ; flowers' crowded along twigs of a 
 terminal panicle; bracts minute ; bractlets small persistent " {Fener- 
 zuelcf). 
 
 184. Bocoa Aubl.'— Mowers polygamous. Eeceptacle minute 
 concave, lined by a thin disk. Calyx tubular or subcampannlate ; 
 teeth 2-5, irregular unequal. Petals 5, either nearly free or connate 
 at base into a tube with base of stamens, nearly equal, linear, ex- 
 serted, corrugated above, imbricated in aestivation ; highest outer- 
 most. Stamens 10; 5 alternate longer; filaments connate into a 
 tube with or without petals ; anthers short didymous introrse 2- 
 rimose. Grermen (rudimentary in male flower) sessile or shortly 
 stipitate ; ovules 2 or few, descending ; style short ; apex obliquely 
 dilated, stigmatiferous. Fruit subdrupaceous or coriaceous, obliquely 
 obovate or curved, 1 -seeded, finally 2-valved. Seed exalbuminous ; 
 embryo thick ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle short curved. — Trees, un- 
 armed ; leaves simple coriaceous ; petiole shore ; stipules small ; 
 flowers'* in axillary spikes ; bracts small deciduous 1-flowered ; bract- 
 lets persistent for a longer time {Guiana, Pacific Ocear^). 
 
 185. Lonehocarpus H. B. K.° — Mowers almost those of Cou- 
 hlandia or Milletia ; calyx evenly truncate or very shortly 5-toothed. 
 Standard often silky, bare or 2-appendiculate at base above claw ; 
 wings oblique, slightly adherent to keel above claw. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous at base, afterwards connate into a closed tube. Germen 
 subsessile or stipitate ; ovules 2- oo ; style curved slender ; apex 
 minute stigmatiferous. Legume indehiscent, oblong or elongated, 
 flat, membranous or coriaceous {Sp/iinctoiobium'') ; style terminal ; 
 sutures not winged ; superior suture traversed by a nerve on each 
 
 ' " Orange-coloured." * Small, yellow. 
 
 ' Species 1. F. Fendleri Benth., loc. cit. ^ Species 3 or 4, of which 1 belongs to the 
 
 3 Chuian., Siippl., 38, t. 391 (1775).— Benth., Old World. EoxB., PI. Command., iii.t. 263. — 
 
 in Jown. Linn. Soc, vi. 146. — H. Bif., in Bl., JSijdraJ., 551. — Gtjii-lem:., Zeph. Tait., in 
 
 Adansonia, ix. fasc. 7. — Inocarpus Foebt., .4»«. iSc. JV"o<„ ser. 2, vii. 246. 
 
 Cha/r. Gen., 65, t. 33 (1776).— Gjletit., Fruct., 6 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 383 (part.).— DC, 
 
 iii. 114, t. 199, 200, fig. 1.— Enel., Gen., n. ProeZn, ii. 259 (part.).— Endl., Ge»., „. 6544. 
 
 2017.— B. H., Gen., 552, n. 260.— Aniotum B. H., Gen., 548, n. 249.— ? Clompanvs Aubl., 
 
 SoLAND., mss. (ex Ekdl., loc. cif.). — FtahalUa Guian., 773. — Philenoptera Fenzi, in Flora 
 
 BEOTH.,in Rook. Jown., ii. 99.— Hook., Icon., (1844), 312. — Capassa Kl., in Pet. Mossamb , 
 
 t. 453. — ? Inodaphds MiQ., Fl. Ind. Sat., Sot., 27, t. 5. 
 
 Suppl., i. 357 (ex Benth. ; Clm/solakmea, ex ' Voe., in lAnncea, xi. 417. 
 
 MlQ., in Aim. Mus. Lagd.-Sat., iii. 89). 
 
LEGUMINOSM-PAPILIONACEJE. 325 
 
 side, more rarely thickeried dilated {Neuroscaphd^), Seeds 1- oo, 
 suborbicular or reniform, compressed. — Trees or climbing shrubs ; 
 leaves imparipinnate j leaflets opposite, rarely stipellate; stipules 
 small or linear ; flowers" in simple or branched racemes ; pedicels in 
 pairs or fascicled along racbis, more rarely scattered ; bracts and 
 bractlets caducous or persistent' [Tropical America, Africa, and 
 Australia*). 
 
 185(3!. Xanthocercis H. Bn.° — Eeceptacle shortly cupuliform, lined 
 by a thin disk. Calyx gamosepalous subcampanulate, entire and 
 evenly truncate or more rarely obscurely 5 -toothed. Corolla 
 papilionaceous j 4 inferior petals nearly similar, free, oblong, sub- 
 spathulate, tapering for a considerable distance at base, slightly 
 unsymmetrical ; standard nearly equal in length to wings ; claw 
 broader rather fleshy ; limb subobovate, shortly 2-auriculate at basej 
 outermost in bud; stamens 10, slightly 2-adelphous; vexillary 
 stamen entirely free, tapering at base ; 9 others connate close to 
 base, deciduous ; 5 alternipetalous filaments larger, furnished outside 
 at base with a scale; scales connate to a variable height and un- 
 equally crenate or torn at apex (as in the Simaruheci) ; anthers 
 uniform, ovate, introrse, 2-rimose versatile. Grermen shortly stipu- 
 late ; style short subulate ; apex not thickened, stigmatiferous ; 
 ovules 00, obliquely descending. Fruit (when unripe) surrounded 
 at base by persistent calyx, apiculated by style, elongated subcylin- 
 drical oo-seeded indehiscent.^A tree ; leaves alternate paripinnate ; 
 2 last leaflets opposite ; remainder alternate ; all petiolate entire ; 
 stipules minute, scarcely visible ; flowers in branched terminal and 
 axillary racemes ; bracts alternate 1-flowered ; bractlets 2, small 
 caducous, inserted at middle of pedicel {Madaffascar^). 
 
 186. Piscidia L.' — Flowers of Lonchocarpus. Legume linear 
 
 ' Ttti.., in Am. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, xx. 137; in t. 99-1065 Fl. Amtral., ii. 271.— H. Bn., in 
 
 Arch. Mus., iv. 75, t. 6. Adansonia, vi. 220. — Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. 
 
 ^ Whitish, violet, or purple ; standard often Afr., ii. 241. 
 
 silky ; caljx often cyathiform after anthesis. ' Adansonia, ix. 293. 
 
 ' This geuns, but for its indehiscent legnree, * Species 1. X. madagascariensis. 
 
 has all the characters of Milletia fp. 259). ' Oen., n. 856. — Lamk., Diet., i. 433 ; Snppl., 
 
 Closely allied, too, are Gli/ricidia {f. 262,), Pon- i. 663; III., t. 605; DC, Prod/r., ii. 267-— 
 
 gamia and Deguelia (p. 328). Endl., &en., n. 6723. — B. H., &en., 550, n. 
 
 ^ Species about 50. Benth., in Journ. Linn. 252. — IcMhyomethia P. Be., Jam., 276. 
 Soc, iv. Snppl., 85 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil., 
 
326 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 piano-compressed, oo -seeded, longitudinally 4- winged, each suture 
 transversely produced at each side into a broad membranous veined 
 wing, seeds oval compressed. — A tree; leaves and inflorescences' 
 oi LoncAocarpus ; bracts caducous; bractlets 2, lateral, inserted on 
 pedicel, opposite subelliptical subcoriaceous' {Mexico, Florida, West 
 Indies), 
 
 187. Coublandia Atjbl.^ — Eeceptacle depressed obconical, slightly 
 oblique, lined by a disk. Calyx gamosepalous, broadly tubular, 
 either evenly truncate or very shortly 5-toothed. Petals unguicu- 
 late ; standard suborbicular or broadly ovate, exappendiculate ; 
 wings unevenly oblong, slightly adhering to keel ; keel curved 
 obtuse. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) at b^se; vexiUary stamen 
 afterwards closely connate with remainder into a closed tube ; anthers 
 versatile, minutely apiculate. Grermen shortly stipitate ; ovules co ; 
 style slender curved ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume either 
 moniliform thick fleshy-corky subterete, constricted between seeds, 
 or by abortion subglobose 1 -seeded, indehiscent. Seeds subovoid, 
 scarcely compressed, laterally affixed ; embryo fleshy ; radicle in- 
 flexed. — Trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite ; 
 stipules very small ; flowers' in axillary or lateral racemes, scattered 
 or in pairs along rachis ; bracts and bractlets very small, caducous 
 {Mexico, South America^). 
 
 188. Platymiscium Vog.^ — Eeceptacle obtuse or turbinate at 
 base, lined by a disTc. Calyx gamosepalous, shortly and nearly 
 equally 5-toothed. Corolla almost that of Plerocarpus f wings free ; 
 keel straight or slightly curved, petals dorsally connate at apex. 
 Stamens 10, either 1-adelphous, sheath cleft above, or more rarely 
 2-adelphous ; anthers versatile ; cells often confluent at apex. Germen 
 long-stalked, inserted in bottom of receptacle ; ovule 1, descending ; 
 
 1 Flowers whitish mixed with blood-red; caljx ciL—JiC., Frodr., ii. 259. — Endl., Gen n 
 coloured. 6735,— B. H., Ben., 550, n. 2t>S.—Cyanolotry3 
 
 2 This genus ought perhaps rather to be con- Zuoc, PI. Nov., fasc. v. 30, t. 5 (ex Bekth.). 
 sidered a section of Lonohocarpus. » Violet or whitish. 
 
 3 Species 1 P. Brythnna L., Spec., 993.— « Species 2. MiQ., Stirp. Swin., t. 4 
 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 382. — Benth., Benth., in Jom-n. Linn. Sac, iv. Supp). 117 . 
 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc., iv. Suppl., 116, — JSry- in Mart. Fl. Uras., Papil., 290 t. 108 ' ' 
 
 tJiHnapiseipulalj., Spec, eA. 1,101. ' In iirnKsa, xi. 198. — Endl Gen "n RTZO 
 
 * Giiian., 937, t. 300 (fruct.), 356 (1775).— _B. H„ Oen., 54«, n. 246. '' " ' 
 J., Gen., 352. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. fasc. * Petals glabrous. 
 
 1.—Muellera L. !■., Suppl., 53 (1781).— J., loc 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACHM. 327 
 
 style curved subulate ; apex uot thickened, stigmatiferous. Legume 
 stipitate oblong flat, membranous or subcoriaceous, smooth indehis- 
 cent ; margins thin or nerviform. Seed large piano-compressed 
 subreniform. — Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite or in verticils of 
 3-4, imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite ; stipules rather thick, cadu- 
 cous ; flowers' racemose ; racemes in threes or single 3-fid at nodes 
 of last year's branches ; bracts and bractlets small, or rather large 
 and inserted at top of pedicel {Tropical America^). 
 
 189? Behaimia Gtriseb.' — Calyx gamosepalous sub-2-labiate ; 
 lobes 5, short ; 2 superior connate to a greater height. Petals long- 
 unguiculate ; standard orbicular reflexed ; wings spathulate-oblong ; 
 keel-petals free oblique, nearly similar to wings. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous (9-1); 9 inferior connate into a sheath cleft above; 
 2 posterior of these connate to a less height than others or scarcely 
 at all ; anthers versatile. Germen sessile ; ovules few (usually 6) ; 
 style slender subulate ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume sessile 
 oblong-elliptical flat submembranous, acute at both ends. Seeds 
 usually 1, funiculate reniform, much compressed. — A lofty tree or a 
 shrub ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite exstipellate ; 
 stipules minute scale-like obtuse ; flowers racemose ; racemes simple 
 or branched, terminal and springing from axils of higher leaves of 
 twigs; bracts narrow 1 -flowered; bractlets minute, inserted at top 
 of pedicel below flower* {Cuhd). 
 
 190. Ostryocarpus Hook. p.° — Flowers almost those of J)al- 
 hergia ; calyx subtruncate ; teeth small. Standard broadly rhom- 
 boidal ; wings free ; keel curved obtuse, petals dorsally connate. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1). Germen pauciovulate. Legume 
 suborbicular piano-compressed coriaceous wingless, apiculate by 
 terminal style, indehiscent. Seed broadly oblong, transverse piano- 
 compressed. — A sarmentose shrub ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets opposite ; flowers' in compound much branched axillary 
 
 ' Yellow. * This genus (" in habit somewhat resembling 
 
 ' Species 12 or 13. Benth., in Arm. Wien. Ateleia," Benth.") is allied to Platymisciwm and 
 
 Mu8., ii. 104 ; in Seem. Serald, 121, t. 21 ; in Eymenololium, while by its fruit and flowers it 
 
 Jown. Linn. Soc., iv. Suppl., 80 ; in Mart. M. comes very near to Dalbergia. 
 
 Bras., Papil., 271, t. 96, 97. ' Species 1. -B. aibensis Gkisbb., loc. cit., 78 
 
 3 Cat. Plant. Cub., 77.— B. H., Gen., 1002, « Mffer, 316.— B. H., Oeu., 548, u. 248. 
 
 n. 246 a. ' Yellowish white. 
 
328 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets small deciduous ( Wesfern tropical 
 Africa}). 
 
 191. Hjrmenolobium Benth.' — Flowers almost those of Platy- 
 miscium. Calyx truncate at apex, obscurely and sinuately toothed. 
 Germen pluriovulate. Legume oblong or linear-oblong, flat membra- 
 nous in dehiscent, traversed by branched veins of which 2, larger than 
 remainder, are almost parallel to margins near base. Seed 1, piano- 
 compressed, transversely oblong ; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle short 
 inflexed. — A tree ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite ; 
 stipules linear or lanceolate, caducous ; flowers' loosely panicled on leaf- 
 less branches ; bracts and bractlets small caducous {Tropical Jmerica*). 
 
 193. Pongamia Vent.^ — Eeceptacle short cupuliform. Calyx 
 sacciform ; teeth 5 ; very obtuse or evanescent. Corolla nearly 
 of Dalhergia or Ostryocarpus ; wings adhering at middle to obtuse 
 keel. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) at base; vexillary stamen 
 sometimes connate at middle with remainder into a closed tube ; 
 anthers versatile. Germen subsessile ; ovules 2 ; style slender 
 curved ; apex more or less capitate, stigmatiferous. Legume more 
 or less obliquely oblong, piano-compressed, thickly coriaceous or 
 subcarnose, 1 -seeded indehiscent ; sutures obtuse bare. — A tree ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite ; stipules minute caducous ; 
 flowers' in axillary racemes, in groups of 2-4 along rachis ; bracts 
 very caducous ; bractlets 2, inserted at middle of pedicel' {Tropical 
 Asia and A'tistralicf). 
 
 193. Deguelia Aubl.' — Mowers almost those of Pongamia; 
 
 > Species 1. 0. riparius Hook., loc. cit.— closely allied to section Amphymeniwm of Ftero- 
 
 Benth., in Jom-n. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., 85, carpus. 
 
 [and also 0. ? WelwUscUi Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. « Species 1. P. glabra Vbnt., loo. cit. P. 
 
 Trap. Afr., ii. 240]. grandifolia ZoiL. & MoE., Verz., 3.— L., Spec, 
 
 2 In Journ. lArm. Soc, iv. Suppl,, 84.— B. H., 1044 (Sobinia).—W., Spec, iii. 901 (BaUergia). 
 Gen., 548, u. 247. 9 <?„;„„., 750 (1115), t. 300 (excl. fruct.).— 
 
 3 Pink, rather large. Lamk., Diet., ii. 260 ; III., t. 603.— DC, Prodr., 
 < Species 1. S. nitidum Benth., in Mart. ii. 422. — Ehdl., Gen., n. 6733.— H. Bn., in 
 
 Fl. Bros., Papil., 214,, t. 98. Adansonia, ix. fasc. 1.~Cylizoma Neck., Mem., 
 
 5 Ja/rd. Malm., t. 28.— Lamk., III., t. 600.— n. 1343.— i)erm LoUE., Fl. Cock, ed. Ulyssip. 
 
 DC, ProAr., ii. 416, n. 1.— Endl., Gen., n. (I7a0), 432. — DC, Prodr., ii. 415.— Endl 
 
 6713.— B. H., Ge»., 549, u. 251.— Gnadelupa Gen., n. 6732.— B. H., Gen., 549, n. 250.—^ 
 
 Lamk., Diet., li. 595. Brachypierum Bekth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 
 
 5 Whitish ; standard very thinly silky outside. 101.— Emdl., Gen., n. 6ll2.—Aganope MiQ.j 
 
 ' "This genus is sciircely distinct from Zon- Fl. Ind. Bat., i. p. 1, 151. 
 chocarpns" (Benih.), and at the same time is 
 
LEOUMINOS^-PAPILIONACE^. 329 
 
 wings sometimes adherent to slightly curved keel above claw. 
 Germ en sessile or shortly stipitate ; ovules 2- oo. Legume obliquely 
 orbicular, oblong or elongated, flat, membranous or coriaceous, 
 indehiscent ; style terminal ; superior or both sutures narrowly 
 winged. Seeds 1 or several, reniform, ovate, or orbiculate, com- 
 pressed. — Trees or oftener climbing shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate ; 
 leaflets opposite ; flowers' in simple or branched racemes, solitary or 
 in pairs or oftener fascicled along rachis ; bracts and bractlets small, 
 usually caducous {Tropical Asia, eastern Africa and adjoining islands, 
 Australia, tropical America'). 
 
 VIII. GENISTE^. 
 
 194. Genista T. — Eeceptacle small, slightly glandular. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; 2 superior lobes free or more or less connate ; 3 in- 
 ferior connate into a 3-toothed lip. Corolla papilionaceous ; standard 
 subovate ; wings oblong ; keel curved or nearly straight, obtuse, 
 laterally 2-gibbous ; claws free or adnata to staminal tube. Stamens 
 10, 1-adelphous ; tube closed ; 5 alternate anthers shorter versatile ; 
 5 others longer subbasifixed. Germ en sessile ; ovules 2- co ; style 
 curved, inflexed, or more rarely circinate ; apex capitate or oblique, 
 stigmatiferous. Legume either subglobose or ovate, horny fleshy, 
 indehiscent {Boelia) ; or slightly compressed, scarcely dehiscent 
 {Betama) ; or subrhomboidal oblique or falcate oblong, 2-valved, 
 valves hard {Drymospartum,, Voglera) ; or linear or elongated, nearly 
 straight, compressed, 2-valved, valves thin {Corniola) ; or more rarely 
 obliquely oblong, turgid, straight or falcate {Camptolobium). Seeds 
 1- 00 ; embryo fleshy, sparingly or not albuminous ; radicle in- 
 flexed.' — Shrubs or undershrubs ; branches virgate rush-like {Bry- 
 mospartum), or spinescent {Voglera, Camptolobium), sometimes leafless 
 or with few 1-foliolate leaves {Bcelia, Betama), sometimes virgate ; 
 leaves 1-3-foliolate, usually small; stipules minute or Oj flowers 
 racemose, capitate, or fascicled at extremities of branches, solitary, 
 few, or fascicled on lateral branches ; bracts and bractlets small deci- 
 
 ' White, pink, purple, or violet. 101 ; in Maet., M. Bras., Papil., 287, t. 107. — 
 
 ' Speciea about 40. EoxB., Fl. Coromand., Thw., Unum. PL Zeyl., 413. 
 t. 192. — Wall, PL As. Bar., t. 237. — Wi&ht, " " The character of having estrophiolate seeds 
 
 Icon., t. 87, 240, 244, 275. — DC, Prodr., ii. seems to us to accord pretty well with its habit, 
 
 260, n. 13 (Lonchoearpus). — Benth., in PL although there is a doubt about tlie matter in 
 
 Jungh., i. 252; in journ. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl., some species" (Benth.). 
 
330 NATVBAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 duous or larger foliaceous and rather long-persistent {Western Asia, 
 northern Africa). See p. 218. 
 
 195. Spartium L.' — riowers of Genista; calyx spathe-like, shortly 
 and unequally 5 -toothed, sub-3-labiate, finally cleft posteriorly; 
 standard large, rather thickened and glandular within a little above 
 base ; claws of wings and keel slender, adnate to staminal tube ; 
 petals of keel often pilose at inferior margin, free on anthesis ; stigma 
 oblong, decurrent inwards. Legume elongated linear glabrous flat, 
 subseptate within between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds exarillate. — A 
 shrub ; branches rush-like, almost leafless ; leaves alternate or sub- 
 opposite, 1-3-foliolate ; lateral leaflets very small, stipuliform ; petiole 
 short concave somewhat sheathing ; flowers^ in terminal racemes ; 
 bractlets 2, laterally inserted on receptacle below calyx ; bracts and 
 bractlets subulate, very caducous {Mediterranean, Canary Islandf). 
 
 196. Laburnum Griseb.* — Flowers almost those of Genista or 
 Spartium ; calyx-teeth connate into 2 very short lips ; claws of petals 
 free. Legume subsessile or distinctly stipitate {Podocytisusf linear 
 piano-compressed, continuous within, indehiscent or finally 2-valved. 
 Seeds exarillate. — Trees or shrubs, glabrous or rather pubescent ; 
 leaves digitate S-foliolate ; stipules small narrow ; flowers' in ter- 
 minal racemes ; bracts and bractlets very small [Europe, Asia Minor'). 
 
 197. Calycotome Link.' — Flowers nearly of Genista; calyx 
 short membranous, truncate or obsoletely denticulate. Legume 
 linear-oblong piano-compressed, continuous within 2-valved; pla- 
 centary suture much thickened, somewhat winged. — Shrubs, spines- 
 cent-branching leaves digitate 3-foliolate ; stipules very small or 
 
 ' am., n. 858.— J., Qen., 353.— DC, Fro3/r., ■• Spicil. Fl. Rum., i. 7.— B. H., Ge».,481, n.59. 
 
 ii. 145.— Endi., &en., n. 6497. — B. H., G-en., * Boiss., Biagn. PI. Orient., vs.. 7. (In i. 
 
 483, n. 63. — SpaHianthus Likk, Enum. Sort. caramanicum Benth., the legume is longer 
 
 Berol., ii. 223. — Spach, Suit, a Suffon, i. 199. stalked, and quite indehiscent [ex Boiss.], while 
 
 2 Yellow, handsome, very sweet-scented. the superior suture has a rather broad wing.) 
 
 '<• Species 1. 6'. juneeum L., Spec, 955. — * Yellow. 
 
 SiBTH., M. Gtrcee., t. 671.— Sweet, Brit. Fl. ? Species 3. DC, Frodr., ii. 153. — Jacq. Fl. 
 
 Oard., ser. 2, t. 390.— Benth., in Mart. Fl. Austr., t. 306.— Vis., Fl. Dalmat., t. 54.— 
 
 Bras., Papil., 10.— Gken. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., Geen. & Gods., Fl. de Fr., i. 359 (C^iisus). 
 
 i. 34,1.— Bot. Reg., t. Vdli.—Bot. Mag., t. 85.— Bot. Mag., 1. 176 (Cgtims). 
 
 Genista juncea Lamk., Diet., ii. 617, n. 6. — (?. ^ In Sclirad. Neue Journ. Bot., ii. p. 2, 50. 
 
 odorata McENCH. — SpaHianthus jimceus Link, Endl., Gen., n. 6305 b. — B. H., Oen., 481, u. 
 
 loc. eit. 60.— Calicotomoa Hoiejuaksg., Verz., 166. ' 
 
LEGUMINOSJS-FAFILIONACB^. 331 
 
 inconspicuous ; flowers' very shortly racemose subfascicled on short 
 twigs among fascicles of leaves ; bract 3-fid or 3-crenate, inserted at 
 top of pedicel, embracing flower^ {Mediterranean^). 
 
 198. Adenocarpus DC." — Flowers almost those of Genista; 2 
 superior lobes of calyx nearly or quite free ; 3 inferior more or less 
 connate. Keel much curved or shortly beaked. Legume sessile 
 linear compressed, glandular-tubercular or muricated outside, 3- 
 valved. — Shrubs, villous or silky ; branches often divaricated ; leaves 
 digitate 3-foliolate ; stipules small setaceous or minute ; flowers' in 
 terminal racemes; bracts and bractlets small caducous or larger 
 foliaceous and longer persistent {Southern Europe, northern and tropical 
 Africa, Canary Islands^). 
 
 199. Petteria Presl.' — Flowers nearly of Genista or La- 
 burnum ; calyx tubular ; 2 superior lobes free, broadly falcate ; 3 
 inferior connate into a 3 -toothed lip. Petals adnate at base to 
 staminal tube. Legume broadly linear, compressed subfalcate, con- 
 tinuous within, 2-valved ; sutures scarcely thickened, wingless. — A 
 shrub, almost glabrous ; leaves digitate 3-foliolate ; stipules small ; 
 flowers' in dense terminal racemes ; bract inserted on pedicel, mem- 
 branous caducous {I)almati(f). 
 
 200. Argsrrolobium Eckh. & Zeth.'" — Flowers almost those of 
 Cytisus ; calyx deeply cleft ; 2 superior lobes connate or nearly free ; 
 3 inferior connate into a 3-fid or 3-toothed lip. Keel obtuse 
 Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; tube closed or more or less deeply longi- 
 tudinally cleft above. Legume linear compressed, often narrowed at 
 
 ' Yellow. Bakee, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 47. Bot. 
 
 2 " Bracts connate with bractlets ?" (Benth.). Mag., t. 426, 1387 {Ciftuus). — Waip., i™. i. 
 
 3 Species 3 or 4. T., Inst., 61S {Ct/tisus).— 624 ; ii. 838. ' " 
 L., Spec, 997 (^SpaHium). — Lamb:., Diet., ii. ' Bot. Bern., 139. — B. H., Gen., 482, n. 6]. 
 247 {Gytisus).—YiC., Prod/r., ii. 154, n. 13, 14 » Yellow. 
 
 {Ch/tisns). — SlBTH., Fl. Qrcec, t. 673. — Geen. ' Species 1. P. ramentacea Peesi, loc. cif. — 
 
 & GODE., Fl. de Fr., i. 346. — Pot. Meg. (1846), Cyiisms ramentaceus SlEB., in Flora, y. 242. — 
 
 t. 55. C. Weldenii Vis., in Flora, xiii. 52 ; Fl. 
 
 * Fl. Fr., Suppl., 549 ; Prodr., ii. 158. — Dalmat., t. 39.— So*. Peg. (1843), t. 40.— 
 
 Ekui., den., n. 6492.— B. H., dm., 481, u. 58. Waip., Arm., i. 223. 
 
 5 Yellow. '" Fnma., 184. — Endl., Gev,., n. 6504.— B. H., 
 
 ^ Species 8. W., Spec, iii. 837 {Genista). — Gen., 480, n. 57. — Gamochilum Walp., in Lin- 
 
 SlBTH., Fl. Orcec., t. 704. — Boiss., Voy., t. 41, »fflo, xiii. 509. — TrichasmaWAVF.,loc.cit.,510. — 
 
 42. — Webb, Otia Sisp., t. 4; P/iyt. Canar., t. ? ChamcBcyiistis Yia., Fl. Dahnat., 2'72, t. 55 (ex 
 
 50, 50 B.— Geen. & Gobb., Fl. de Fr., i. 363.— Benth.). 
 
332 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 both ends, silky or villous (not glandular), either continuous and not 
 torulose within {Chasmon&) or more or less septate between seeds,^ 
 sometimes marked with oblique lines or finally cleft, 2-valved. — 
 Herbs, undershrubs, or more rarely shrubs, silky or villous ; leaves 
 digitate 3-foliolate ; stipules rather large, free or connate close to 
 base ; flowers' terminal or leaf-opposed, solitary, geminate, subum- 
 bellate, or shortly racemose; bracts and bractlets usually small 
 narrow {Southern Europe, northern and southern Africa, western Asia, 
 India''). 
 
 201. Lupinus/ — Eeceptacle somewhat concave or nearly flat at 
 apex, lined by a disk. Calyx gamosepalous 2-labiate ; lobes unequal ; 
 3 superior connate into a 2-toothed or 2-fid lip ; 3 inferior connate 
 into an entire, 8 -toothed, or 3 -fid lip, usually imbricated. Petals 
 very dissimilar ; standard orbicular or broadly ovate ; wings falcate 
 oblong or obovate, dorsally connate at apex, including curved beaked 
 keel. Stamens 10; filaments all connate into a usually long tube; 
 oppositipetalous anthers longer basifixed; alternipetalous short 
 versatile. Grermen subsessile 2-oo -ovulate, tapering at apex into 
 curved glabrous style ; stigma subterminal capitellate, apex slightly 
 bearded on one side. Legume more or less compressed, usually 
 silky or villous, completely or incompletely septate between seeds, 
 2-valved. Seeds shortly funiculate; hilum oblong or linear, often 
 subarillate ; embryo fleshy exalbuminous ; radicle considerably 
 inflexed. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs ; leaves simple or 
 digitate 3- co-foliolate ; stipules adnate to petiole at base ; flowers^ 
 scattered or subverticillate in terminal racemes ; bracts usually 
 caducous ; bractlets usually persistent, inserted at a variable height 
 on receptacle and sometimes below calyx {Northern, subtropical, and 
 temperate America, Mediterranean}). 
 
 ' E. Met., Gomrn. PI. Afr. Aust, 71 (part.). * Inst., 392, t. 213. — L., Gen., n. 865.— J., 
 
 '^ Section EremoLohium, (Benth., loc. cit.). Gen., 354. — Gjeetn., Fruct., ii. 324, t. 150. — 
 
 =• Yellow. Lamk., Diet., iii. 620; Suppl., iii. 519; 111., t. 
 
 * Species about 40, of which about 30 are 616. — DC, ProAr., ii. 406. — Spach, Svit. a 
 
 South African. Eeiohb., PI. Crit., t. 259. — Bvffon, i. 341. — Endl., Gen., u. 6473. — B. H., 
 
 Jacquem., Voy., Sot., t. 40. — Bkot., P%<. Gen., 480, u. 56. 
 
 Ludt., t. 69. — Jacq., Sort. Schombr., ii. t. 220 . iiru-4„ n ■ i 1.1 • ^ , 
 
 (CVoteWia). - Ande., Bot. Uepos., t. 237 / White yellow pmk, blue, or variegated; 
 
 ;v ,. . > o c t;7 717 A .. 1 often sweet-scented. 
 
 (Cytisus). — Jade. & Spach, III. PI. Orient., t. 
 
 59, 60.— Habv. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 67, 76. — ' Species about 50. K., Mimos., t. 50-52. — 
 
 Bakeb, in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr., ii. 44. — Gben. Sibth., Fl. Qrac, t. 684-6ti6. — MoBis, M. 
 
 & GoDR., Fl. de Fr., \. 363.— Walp., Rep., ii. Sard., t. 72.— Hook., Icon., t. 511, 521. — J. K. 
 
 840; V. 509; Ann., i. 222; ii. 341; iv. 470, AsAKDH., Sgn. Gen. Lupin., Luudise (1835). — 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 333 
 
 202. CytiSTis L.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform or shortly turbinate, 
 lined by a glandular disk. Calyx gamosepalous, sub-2-labiate ; teeth, 
 or lobes short or very short, 2 superior often connate entirely or to a 
 considerable height. Petals free or slightly connate at base with 
 staminal tube; keel straight or curved, obtuse or subacuminate; 
 Stamens all connate into a closed tube ; 5 oppositipetalous anthers 
 shorter versatile ; 5 alternipetalous longer subbasifixed. Germen 
 sessile or shortly stipitate, oo-ovulate ; style curved glabrous ; stigma 
 terminal, capitate or oblique. Legume oblong or linear, piano-com- 
 pressed glabrous or villous, continuous or more rarely subseptate 
 within, 2-valved. Seeds cd, arillate. — Shrubs or small trees ; 
 branches rarely spinescent ; leaves digitate 3-foliolate, more rarely 
 1-foliolate or minute bract-like; stipules minute setaceous or 0; 
 flowers^ racemose ; racemes sometimes terminal elongated, some- 
 times short few-flowered and terminal or else lateral or sub- 
 axillary by abortion of wing ; bracts small caducous or more rarely 
 foliaceous and longer persistent, inserted either below pedicel or at 
 a variable height on pedicel and sometimes with bractlets just 
 below calyx' {Europe, northern Africa, Canary Islands, western Asia^). 
 
 203. Ulex L.' — Calyx 2-partite; upper lip shortly 2-toothed; 
 
 Sebm., Herald, t. 53. — Wedb., Chlor, AnMn., curved obtuse. Leaves all 3-foliolate. — 5. Tubo- 
 
 ii. 249, t. 79. — Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., cytisus (DC). Calyx tubular 2-labiate ; upper 
 
 Fapil., 9, 1. 1 ; in (&«i. Legrnn. Centroam., 1. — lip 2-toothed or 2-fid ; lower 3-toothed. Leaves 
 
 A. GsiT, in Unit.-States Mxpl. Exp., Sot., all 8-foliolate. — 6. Teline (Webb, Fhyt. Canar., 
 
 392. — Geen. & GoDB., Fl. de Fr., i. 365. — ii. 34, t. 43-45. — TeUnaria Peesl, Sot. Bern., 
 
 Bakeb, in Olw. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 44, — Walp., 49, 135). Calyx short or tubular ; 2 superior 
 
 .Bep., i. 595 ; ii. 836 ; v. 452 ; — Arm., i. 205 j lobes connate or free ; lower lip 3-toothed or 3- 
 
 ii. 308 J iv, 462. lobed. Leaves 1— 3-foliolate. — 7. Fterospartum 
 
 ' (?e»., n. 877. — DC, Proa!?'., ii. 153 (part.). — (Spach). Flowers as in reWree. Leaves phyl- 
 
 Endl., O-en., n. 6505. — B. H., £?e»., 484, n. 66 lodineous, winged and decurrent along branches, 
 
 (incl. : Lembotropis Gbiseb., Sarothamnus — 8. ChronantJtiis (DC). Calyx teeth nearly free 
 
 WiMM., Spartocytisus Webb, Spartothamnus or connate into 2 lips. Legume included by 
 
 Webb, TeUnaria Peesi, Teline Webb). marceseent petals, ovate or oblong, glabrous. 
 
 ^ White, yellow, or purple. * Species about 35. Jacq., Fl. Aiistr., t. 20, 
 
 ' Bentham divides this genus into 8 sections, 21, 33, 387. — Vent., Jard. Cels., t. 13.— Dese., 
 
 according to the habit of calyx, style, and legume: Fl. Atlant., t. Ill , 181. — Sistb..,FI. 6rcBo.,t, 
 
 1. Sarothamnus (WiMM., Fl. Schles., ed. 2, 148). 706.^ — Andb., Bot. Mepos., t. 632. — Webb, Otia 
 
 Lips of calyx short divaricated denticulate, style Sispan., t. 3, 39, 40 ; Fhyt, Caniar., 45, 49, t. 
 
 curved or circinate. Branches virgate. Leaves 46, 47, 49 ; ii.. 34, t. 43-45. — Boiss., Voy., i. 40, 
 
 1-3-foliolate. — 2. Spa/rtocytism (Webb, Phyt. 4f) A.(iSarothamnm). — J avb.&Sfaos, III. Plant. 
 
 Canar., 49, t. 46, 47). Calyx as in Sarothamnus. Orient., t. 153. — Geen. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., i. 
 
 Style curved. Branches virgate. Leaves or 348. — Bot. Beff.,t.l21, 308, 1191, 1502.— -Bo«. 
 
 small 1-3-foliolate.— 3. Lembotropis (Gbiseb., Mag., t. 255, 1176, MBS, 1908, 2265.— Waip., 
 
 Spicil. Fl. Rvmel., i. 10). Calyx as in Sa/ro- Pep., i. 632 ; ii. 845 ; Am., i. 222 ; ii. 342 ; iv. 
 
 thamtms. Keel subrostrate, much curved. Aril 470 (part.). 
 
 small. Leaves all 3-foliolate. — 4. Eucytisus * &m., n. 881.— J., -<?e«., 352.— GaiBTN., 
 
 (Bekth.). Calyx as in Sarothamnus. Keel Fntet., ii. 330, t. 151. — Lamk., Diet., i. 71; 
 
334 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lower 3-tootlied. Corolla of Cytisus. Stamens 10, i-adelphous ; 5 
 alternate anthers shorter versatile ; 5 others longer sabbasifixed. 
 Germen cx) -ovulate; apex of style minutely capitate, stigmatiferous. 
 Legume ovate, oblong, or more rarely elongated exserted {Staur- 
 acanthus^) or shortly liiiear, compressed or turgid, continuous within, 
 2-valved. Seeds arillate. — Shrubs, bristling with spinous branches ; 
 leaves reduced to scales or spinescent petioles, exstipulate ; flowers^ 
 solitary or few racemose, in axils of scales or spines at extremities 
 of twigs ; bracts small, bractlets 2, short, inserted at top of pedicel 
 below flower, or {Western Europe, north-western Africa?). 
 
 204. Erinacea Boiss/ — Eeceptacle scarcely concave, minute glan- 
 dular. Calyx membranous inflated ;' teeth very nearly equal or 2 
 superior a little longer. Petals long-unguiculate, standard ovate, 
 sub-3-auriculate at base ; wings narrow ; keel curved ; claw of 
 standard to a small height, claws of wings and keel to a much 
 greater height adnate to staminal tube. Stamens 1 0, all connate to 
 a considerable height into a closed tube ; oppositipetalous anthers 
 shorter versatile ; alternipetalous longer subbasifixed. Germen 
 sessile oo-ovulate ; style curved ; apex minutely capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume oblong glandular villous 2-valved. Seeds exariUate. — A 
 low shrub ; branches rigid spinescent bristling often almost leafless ; 
 leaves scattered minute silky, 1-foliolate or digitate 3-foliolate; flowers" 
 solitary or in twos or threes, axiUary towards extremities of branches ; 
 bracts and 2 small bractlets inserted below flower, foliaceous {Spain'). 
 
 205. Hsrpocalpytus Thunb.' — Calyx intruded at base ; teeth short, 
 nearly equal. Corolla almost that of Cytisus ; standard callous within 
 at very short claw, longer than or about equal to curved keel, more 
 rarely shorter {Loddigesicf). Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments 
 
 Suppl., i. 273; III., t. 621. — DC, Frodr., ii. " Which is the chief difference between .Eri»o- 
 
 144. — Spaoh, Suit, a Suffon, i. 197. — Endi., cea and section Spartocarpus of Genista. 
 
 Gen., n. 6495.— B. H., Gen., 483, n. 65. ^ Pale violet. 
 
 ' IilifK, in Schrad. Nme Jowrn., ii. p. 2, 52. — ' Species 1. B. pungens Boiss. — Ardhyllis 
 
 DC, Frodr., ii. 1.iA. — Endl., Gen., u. 6496. erinacea L., Spec, 1014. — DC, Frod/r., ii. 169, 
 
 2 Yellow. n- 7.— Sims, in Fot. Mag., t. 676.— Ahdb., Foi. 
 
 ' Species about 10. Webb, Otia Sispan., 26, Fepos., i. t. 15. — Gebn. & Gode., Fl. de Fr., i. 
 
 1. 18-38. — Pt., in Arm. So. Nat., sir. 3, xi. t. 845. 
 
 9.— Gebn. & GoBB., Fl. de Fr., i. 344.— Walp., » p^o&r. Fl. Ca/p., 126; Fl. Cap., 568 (part.). 
 
 Awn,., ii. 339 ; iii. 846 ; iv. 466. OC, Frodr., ii. 135.— Endl., Gen., n. 6477 
 
 " Voy., 145.— Enbi.., Gen., n. 6494.— B. H., B. H.; Gen., 484, n. 67. 
 
 Gen., 483, n. 64. ° Sims, in Bot. Mag., t. 965.— DC, Frodr., 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACEJU. 335 
 
 connate into a closed tube ; five alternate anthers shorter versatile ; 
 5 longer subbasifixed. Germen substipitate ; ovules oo ; style curved 
 glabrous ; stigma terminal. Legume linear flat, continuous within, 
 2-valved ; sutures slightly thickened. Seeds oo, shortly funiculate, 
 arillate. — Shrubs, glabrous or scarcely pubescent ; leaves digitate 
 3-foliolate; stipules free; flowers' in simple or branched terminal 
 racemes ; bracts and bractlets narrow {Southern AfricaF). 
 
 206. Crotalaria L.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform, lined by a disk. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; lobes 5, free or more or less cohering to two lips ; 
 prsefloration valvate. Petals very dissimilar ; standard orbicular or 
 ovate, apex usually acute or shortly apiculate, at base (above short 
 claw) glandular, callous or velvety within ; wings obovate or oblong, 
 shorter than standard, keel usually longer than wings, incurved or 
 angulate down the back, apex rostrate. Stamens 1 0, connate into a 
 sheath cleft above ; vexillary stamen very rarely free or nearly so ; 
 2 oppositipetalous anthers short versatile ; 5 alternipetalous usually 
 much longer, subbasifixed. Germen sessile or shortly stipitate, 2- oc- 
 ovulate ; style incurved or abruptly inflexed, apex truncate or more 
 or less capitate, stigmatiferous more or less longitudinally bearded 
 above. Legume oblong or globose, turgid or inflated, continuous 
 within, 1- oc-seeded, 2-valved. Seeds very campylotropous ; funicle 
 slender, often elongated, hilum thickened into a short aril or exarillate. 
 ■ — Herbs or shrubs, leaves simple or digitately 3-, more rarely 
 5-7-foliolate ; stipules lateral, of variable form, more rarely minute ; 
 flowers^ in terminal or leaf-opposed, rarely few or 1 -flowered, racemes ; 
 bracts small or 0, rarely foliaceous ; bractlets 2 lateral ; inserted at 
 a variable height on pedicel, or on floral receptacle below calyx, rarely 
 {All warm region^). 
 
 ii. 135.— EiTDL., aen., n. 6476. — B. H., Gen., Endi,., (?e»., u. 6472 (part.). — B. H., Gen., 479, 
 
 485, n. 68. n. 53. — Clavulmm Desvx., in Ann. So. Tfat., 
 
 'Purple in B. sophoroides, which is H. ser. 1, ix. 407. — Mwria-Antonia Pael., Nov. 
 
 ohcordatus of Thunb., Frodr. (1794). — Spwr- Gen. (1844), ic. — Chrysoealyx Gum. & Peek., 
 
 sophoroides Bees., Descr. PI. Cap., 198 Fl. Seneg. Tent., i. 157, t. 43. — Phyllocalyx 
 
 (1767) ; pale in JEC. {Zoddigesia) oxaUdifoUa. Hochst., ex A. Kick., Fl. Abyss. Tent., i. 160, 
 
 ' Species 2. L., Mantiss., 266 {Crotalana). — t. 34. 
 
 Beless., Icon. Set., iii. 87, t. 63. — Mattnd., * Yellow, more rarely blue or purplish. 
 
 Bot., 1. 198. — Haet. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 81, * Species about 100. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
 
 82.— JBot. Beg., t. 128.— Sot. Mag., t. 1913 Spec, vi. t. 590.— Veht., Jard. Cels., t. 17.— 
 
 {Crotalaria). EoxB., PI. Coromand., ii. t. 193. — Wight, 
 
 5Ge«.,n.862(part.).— J.,(?e».,354.— G^ETN., Ieon.,t. 29-31,200, 208, 273, 383, 421, 480, 
 
 Fnict., ii. 1. 148.— Lamk., Did., ii. 194 ; Suppl,, 481, 752, 885, 980-982.— Hook., Icon., t. 372, 
 
 ii. 400; Tll.,t. 617.— DC, Prodr., ii. 124.— 829, 830.— Habv. & Som., Fl. Cap., ii. 39.— 
 
336 NATVBAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 207. Priotropis Wight & Arn.'— Flowers of Crotalaria. Legume 
 stipitate oblong piano-compressed, continuous within, cc -seeded, 2- 
 valved.— A shrub ; leaves alternate, 3-foliolate ; .flowers' racemose. 
 Other parts of Crotalaria {Mountains of India^). 
 
 208 ? Pentadynamis E. Br/ — Flowers almost of Crotalaria ; 
 "keel obtuse, gibbous towards base, equal to wings. Stamens 10, 
 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers, 5 larger linear, 5 ovate. Style straight 
 from bowed base, bearded behind, stigma terminal obtuse. Legume. 
 
 ? — A herb (or undershrub), hoary-silky ; stem erect angular ; 
 
 leaves 3-foliolate; flowers" racemose." {8. Amtralia% 
 
 209. Heylandia DC — Flowers of Crotalaria ; 2 superior calyx- 
 lobes shortly connate. Grermen oo-ovulate. Legume ovate com- 
 pressed, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds 1, 2, exarUlate ; funicles 
 filiform. — A prostrate herb ; leaves simple entire ; flowers small 
 solitary axillary (India^). 
 
 210. Dichilus DC — Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip 2-, lower 3- 
 toothed. Standard ovate or suborbicular ; wings obliquely oblong ; 
 keel longer than standard and wings, obtuse. Stamens of Crotalaria. 
 Grermen oo-ovulate ; style incurved glabrous ; stigma terminal. 
 Legume linear compressed subtorulose eglandular, with thin septa 
 inside separating seeds, 2-valved. Seeds shortly funiculate, exarillate. 
 ^Erect slender undershrubs (not viscid) ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; 
 stipules inconspicuous ; flowers'" solitary at ends or in forkings of 
 twigs; bractlets small {8. Africa'^). 
 
 Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil., 18, t. 1-4; * " YeUow." 
 
 Fl. Austral., ii. 78. — Bakeb, in Oliv. Fl. Trap. ^ Species 1 (probably a variety of Crotalaria 
 
 Afr., ii. 7. — Bot. Meg., t. 253, 377, 447, 982, dissitiflora Benth., according to P. Mttell.). 
 
 1131.— Bot. Mag., t. 490, 1933, 2027, 2561, ' Mem. Legum., 198, t. 34; Prodr., ii. 123. — 
 
 2714, 3006, 3034, 3200.— Walp., Rep., i. 583 ; Endi., Gen., n. 6470.— B. H., &en., 479, n. 52.— 
 
 ii. 835 ; V. 435 ; Awn,., i. 204 ; ii. 314 ; iv. 459. Qordogyne DC, in Arm. So. Nat., s6t. 1, iv. 91. 
 
 ' Brodr., 180.— Ehdl., Gen., n. 6472 ? f. — ^ Species 1. Petit., Gaz., t. 30, fig. 11 
 
 B. H., Gen., 480, n. 54. (Lens).—W., Spec, iii. 1169 (Sallia).—Fsss., 
 " Yellow. Syn., ii. 318, n. 12 (Zespedeza). — Wight & Aay., 
 ' Species 1. P. ct/tisoides Wight & Aen., Brodr., i. 180. 
 
 loc. cit. — Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat., i. p. 1, 348. — ' Mem. Legwm., 201, t. 35 ; Brodr., ii. 136. 
 
 Bbkth., in MooTc. Jowm., ii. 594. — Waip., Arm., Endi.., Gen., n. 6480. — B. H., Gen., 479, n. 
 
 iv. 461. — Crotalaria ct/tisoides EoXB , Cat. 51. — Cah/cotome E. Met., Comm. Bl. Afr. 
 
 Sort. Calc., 54. — DC, Brodr., ii. 131, u. 78. — ^M«fe\,113(neeLiHK). — Melinospermum WiJSB. 
 
 C. psoralioides Doif, Brodr. FL Nepal., 242. in Liwncea, xiii. 527. 
 
 * In App. Sturt Mxped., 76. — B. H., Gen., '" YeUow, with nodding pedicels. 
 
 480, n. 55.. " Species 3. Habv. & SoKD.^ Ji. Coy., ii. 51. 
 
LEGJJMINOS^-FAPILIONACBM. 337 
 
 211. Melolobium Eckl. & Zeth.'— Mowers almost of Bichilus; 
 3 superior lobes of short calyx free or connate. Corolla and sexual 
 organs of Bichilus. Legume linear compressed, often torulose, 
 villous or glandular, continuous inside or with thin septa separating 
 seeds, S-valved. — Branching shrubs or undershrubs, often spinescent, 
 glandular- villous or viscid ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; flowers^ in 
 short terminal spikes or racemes ; bracts and bractlets often foliaceous 
 (^South Africa^). 
 
 212. Anarthrophyllum Benth."— Calyx tubular; 2 superior 
 lobes nearly free ; lower more or less connate into a lip. Corolla of 
 Genista. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous; filaments connate into a sheath 
 cleft longitudinally above; anthers nearly uniform, or 5 shorter 
 versatile, 5 longer subbasifixed. Germen sessile ; ovules few ; 
 style incurved, apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume oblique oblong 
 or rhomboidal, compressed cuspidate, continuous within, 2-valved. 
 Seeds funiculate exariUate. — ^Very bushy shrubs, often rigid heath- 
 like ; leaves small, subentire or 3-fid, often spinescent ; stipules like 
 leaf-lobes, adnate to dilated subamplexicaul base of petiole ; flowers' 
 solitary terminal, usually 2-bracteate {Extra-tropical South America^), 
 
 213. Aspalathus L.' — Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes usually elon- 
 gated, subequal or unequal. Corolla almost of Genista ; keel incurved, 
 obtuse or subrostrate. Stamens 10, 1-adeIphous; filaments connate 
 into a sheath split longitudinally above ; anthers 2-form ; 5 shorter 
 versatile, 5 longer subbasifixed. Germen sessile or stipitate ; 2- oo- 
 ovulate ; style incurved glabrous ; stigma terminal minutely capitate 
 or oblique. Legume of variable form, oblique at base, obliquely 
 acute, compressed or somewhat turgid. Seeds ] -ao , funiculate 
 exariUate. — Shrubs or undershrubs, heath-like or spinescent, more 
 
 ' Snvm. PI. Afr. Austr., 188.— Enbl., G-en., 1 Gen., n. 860. — J., Gen., 353. — G^ETir., 
 
 n. 6485. — B. H., Gen., 478, ii. 50. — SpUngima Fmct., ii. 304, t. 144. — Lamk., Diet., i. 286 ; 
 
 E. Mey., Comm. Fl. Afr. Austr., 65. Snppl., i. 482 ; III., t. 620.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 
 
 ' Small, yellow. 138.— Endl., Gen„ n. 6482.— B. H., Gen., i1%, 
 
 ^ Species 11. Haet. & Sohd., Fl. Cap., ii. n. 47. — Sa/rcophyllua Thunb., Fl. Cap., 573. — 
 
 78. Sarcocah/x Waxp., in Linncea, xiii. 479. — 
 
 ■* Gen., 478, n. 49. Scaligera Adans., Fam. des PI., ii. 323. — 
 
 ' " Yellow ?" Eriocalyx Neck., FlUm., n. 1331 find. : CypTio- 
 
 ' Species 4 or 5. DC, Prodr., ii. 152, n. 75 calyx, Seterolathus, Pachyraphea, Paraspa- 
 
 (Genisia). — Hook., Boi. Misc., iii. t. 103. — lathus, Plagiostigma, Psilolepm, Trinemria 
 
 CLOS.in C. GayFl. GUI., ii. 54. — Walp., Sep., Pebsl, Sot. Bern., 126, 131). 
 
 i. 629 {Genista). 
 
 VOL. lU Z 
 
338 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 rarely somewhat fleshy ; leaves simple or digitately 3-foliolate ; 
 leaflets sessile exstipeUate on short or much reduced thick pul- 
 vinate or tuberculate petiole ; flowers' in short or elongated terminal 
 spikes, or more rarely solitary axillary or lateral ; bracts and bractlets 
 usually leaf-like {South Africa^). 
 
 214. Buchenrcedera Eckl. & Zeth.' — Flowers almost of As- 
 palathus; calyx gibbous behind; teeth short subequal. Legume a 
 little longer than calyx, ovate obliquely acute, somewhat turgid. 
 Seeds 1-3, exarillate. — Silky or villous herbs ; leaves digitately 3- 
 foliolate, petiolate ^ stipules foliaceous ; flowers' in elongated or 
 capituliform terminal spikes; bracts foliaceous {South Africa^). 
 
 215. Lebeckia Thunb.* — Flowers almost of Aspalathus; calyx 
 oblique, with subequal teeth or short lobes. Keel acute or subros- 
 trate and nearly equal to standard {Bulebeckid) or longer {Stiza^), 
 sometimes acute or subrostrate {Sarcophyllurn^') often scarcely longer 
 than wings {Fibor^ioides^"), sometimes obtuse, longer than wings, and 
 equal to or longer than standard {Calohotd!-^). Stamens and pistil of 
 Aspalathus. Legume linear flat (Stiza, Sarcqphyllum), narrow iereie 
 {EulebecMd), or terete or turgid {Viborffioides, Calobota), oo-seeded, 
 2-valved. — Shrubs or undershrubs ; branches virgate or spinescent ; 
 glabrous or silky ; leaves simple or digitately 1-3-foliolate ; Stipules 
 small or ; flowers" in terminal, often unilateral racemes ; bracts and 
 bractlets small or 0'^ {Sovth Africa^*). 
 
 216. Viborgia Thunb.'' — Flowers of Ze3ec^?a ; keel longer than 
 
 ' White, yellow, red, or blue. * E. Mey., Comm. Fl. Afr. Austr., 31. — 
 
 ^ Species about 150. Behth., in HooJc. Walp., in Idnntea, xiii. 476. 
 
 Jowrn., vii. 583. — Haet. & Sond., Fl. Ca/p., ii. ' E. Met., Comm. Fl. Afr. Austr., 32 (nee 
 
 9i.—Bot. Mag., t. 344, 829, 1289, 2225, 2233, Thunb.).— Sect. Ph/llodiastnm Benth. 
 
 2329.— Walp., Sep., i. 609; ii. 837; Ann., i. '» Benth., he. cit., sect. 5. 
 
 207 ; ii. 320. " EcKi. & Zeth., op. cit., 191. 
 
 3 Enum. PI. Afr. Austr., 194.— B. H., Gen., '^ Yellow. 
 
 478, ii. 48. — Colobotus E. Met., Comm. Fl. Afr. " Bebtham divides this genus into 5 sections : 
 
 Austr., 156.— Endl., Gen., n. 6481. viz. : 1. Stiza, 2. Fhyllodiastrum, 3. Muleleckia, 
 
 * White or purplish. 4. Calobota, 5. Viborgioides. 
 
 * Species about 8. Haev. & Sonb., M. Ca/p., " Species about 24. Jacq., Sort. Schcenbr. 
 ii. 92. t. 919 (Crotalaria).—AsD^., Bat. Mepos t 
 
 6 Frodr. Fl. Cap., 2; Fl. Cap., 561.— DC, 411.— Fot. Mag., 1. 1699.— Haet & Sond''W 
 
 Frodr., ii. 136.— Bura., Gen., n. 6478.— B. H., Cap., ii. 83. "' 
 
 Gen., ill, n. i&.—Acantlioboirya Eokl. & '« Fl. Cap., 560 {Wiborgia).~\yC., Frodr., 
 
 Zeth., Flmm., 192. ii. 135. — Endi., Gen., n. 6479. — B. H. Gen.' 
 
 ' Benth., too. cit., sect. 3. 477, n. 46. ' '' 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAGE^. 339 
 
 standard or subequal. Stamens of LebecUa. Germen stipitate ; 
 ovules 2 or few ; style incurved glabrous ; stigma terminal. Legume 
 stipitate, unequally ovate or oblong; placentary suture (or both) 
 Tinequally winged ; faces rugose, striate, or with wing-like crests. — 
 Shrubs, with aspect and 3-foliolate leaves of LehecMa ; flowers' in 
 terminal, often 1 -lateral racemes ; bracts and bractlets small or 
 {South Africa'). 
 
 217. Rothia Pers.' — Calyx gamosepalous narrow; lobes 5 sub- 
 equal, or 2 superior a little broader. Corolla short ; standard ovate 
 oblong ; wings narrow ; petals of keel nearly free, resembling wings. 
 Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate into a sheath split 
 above ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules oo ; style incurved 
 finally straight, apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear or 
 linear-lanceolate, thin acute, continuous within, dehiscing as a 
 foUicle at vexillary suture. Seeds reniform ; aril rudimentary. — 
 Difiuse annual herbs ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, stipules 2, lateral 
 free ; flowers small, leaf-opposed, solitary or 2-4 on a pedicel ; bracts 
 and bractlets setaceous {India, tropical Africa*). 
 
 218. Lotononis DC — Calyx gamosepalous high up; lobes un- 
 equal ; 4 superior rarely free, usually connate or coherent in pairs, 
 lowest free often narrower. Standard suborbicular, ovate or oblong ; 
 wings oblique ; keel incurved obtuse or more rarely acute. Stamens 
 10, 1-adelphous; filaments connate into a sheath split above ; anthers 
 5 shorter versatile, 5 longer subbasifixed. Germen sessile or sub- 
 sessile ; ovules oo ; style incurved ; stigma subterminal, usually 
 oblique. Legume more or less elongated, subcompressed or terete 
 turgid, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds exarillate. — Shrubs, 
 
 ' Yellow. * Species 2. Wight & Aen., Prod/r., 195. — 
 
 2 Species 7. DC, Mem. Legum., t. 57, fig. Bakeb, in OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 1. 
 2. — E. Met., Comm. Fl. Afr. Austr., 28. — * Mem. Legwm., 223 ; Frodr., ii. 166 {Ono- 
 
 DelesS., Icon. Sel., iii. 38, t. 64. — Waip., in mdis sect.). — Endl., &en., n. 6487. — Eckl. & 
 
 lAnnaa, xiii. 476. — Habt. & Soiro., Fl. Cap., ii. Zeth., XJniim., 176. — B, H., Gen., 476, n. 42. — 
 
 90. Zeobordea Del., Fragm. Fl. Arab., 23, fig. 1. — 
 
 ' Si/n., ii. 638 (nee SoHEEB.). — DC, Frodr., Endi.., Gen., n. 6489. — Leptis EoKi.. & Zeyh., 
 
 ii. 382. — EnbIi., Gen., n. 6475. — B. H., Gen., op. oit, 174. — Endi., Gen., n. 6486. — Ejrebsia 
 
 477, n. 44. — Westonia Spkeii&„ Syst., iii. 230. — EoKi. & Zeth., op. cit., 179. — Endi., Gen., n. 
 
 Pillmynia KoTH., Catalect., iii. 71 (nee Sm.). — 6490. — Foh/loliwm Eokl. & Zeth., op. cit., 180. 
 
 Harpelema Jacq. f., Eelog., ii. t. 129 ined. (ex — Endi,., Gen., n. 6488. — lA/poaygis E. Met., 
 
 EwDL.). — Goetzea Eeichb., Consp., n. 3928. — Comm. PI. Afr. Ausfr., 76. — Capnifis E. Met., 
 
 Xerocarpm Gtjili. & Pbbb., Flor. Seneg. Tent., loc. cit., 81. — Aalacintkus E. Met., loc. cit., 
 
 i. 169, t. 44. 155. — ? AmpTimomia DC, Frod/r., ii. 522. 
 
 z 2 
 
340 NATURAL EIST0B7 OF PLANTS. 
 
 undershrubs or herbs ; leaves 3-foliolate, more rarely 1- or 5-foliolate ; 
 stipules 2, or mucb oftener 1, 1 -lateral, more rarely 0; flower 
 terminal, leaf opposed, or more rarely beside the leaves, solitary 
 racemose, or subumbeUate {South and North Africa, Mediterranean, 
 Europe and Asia'). 
 
 219. Pleiospora Harv.' — Mowers almost of lotononis; keel 
 oblong straight obtuse. Legume ovate-lanceolate compressed, 
 continuous within, 2 -valved. — A lofty shrub;' leaves digitately 3- 
 foliolate; stipules 2, free; flowers in short capituliform spikes, 
 terminal or (on short almost leafless floriferous twigs) axiUary; 
 bracts and bractlets narrow subulate {South Africa*). 
 
 220. Listia E. Met.* — Mowers of Zofowow^s ; keel incurved obtuse, 
 longer than standard. Legume linear compressed, with transverse 
 folds or bends, retracted within marcescent keel and calyx, oc-seeded. — 
 A prostrate herb ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; flowers* in terminal 
 racemes ; bracts small, bractlets minute or 0. Other parts of 
 Lotononis {South Africa^). 
 
 221. Eafnia Thxjnb.* — Eeceptacle unequally cupuliform lined by 
 a disk rather thick above. Calyx often sub-2-labiate, lobes unequal, 
 lowest usually smaller, standard suborbicular glabrous thick-ungui- 
 culate; wings falcate; keel incurved beaked (Fascoa^) or obliquely 
 beaked {(Edmannia'"), more rarely subfornicate broadly and obliquely 
 truncate or emarginate {Felecynthis'^), or fornicate {Caminotropis). 
 Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate into sheath split longi- 
 tudinally above ; anther of 2 kinds (of Lebeckia or Lotononis). Grermen 
 sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2- cx> ; style incurved, at apex minutely 
 capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear or lanceolate, obliquely 
 
 ' Species as many as 60. Jatjb. & SPACn, III. * Yellow. 
 
 Plant. Orient., iii. t. 256 (Leobordea). — Fenzl, ? Species 1. L. heteropTiylla E. Met., loc. 
 
 in Russ. Meis., t. 4. — E. Mey, loc. cit., 67 dt. — Habt. & Sonb., Fl. Cwp., ii. 66. 
 (Telina), 69, 76, 155.— BoiSS., Voy., t. 52. — « Fl. Cap., 563.— DC, Prodr., ii. 118. — 
 
 Habt. & SoifD., Fl. Cap., ii. 47. — Bakee, in Eitdi., Gen., n. 6459. — B. H., Q-en., 475, n. 39 
 
 Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 5. — Walp., -Sep., v. 455. (incl. : CSdmannia Thtjnb., Pelecynthis E. Met. 
 
 2 Thes. Cap., t. 81.— B. H., Gen., 475, n. 41. Vascoa DC). 
 
 ' Witli thick foliage and tawny silk, and the ' DC, Mem. Legwm., 186 ; Prod/r., ii. 119. 
 
 habit of many FsoralecB. '" TsTTifB., in Act. Holm. (1800), 281, t. 4. 
 
 * Species 1. P. cajaniflora Habt., loc. cit. — " E. Met., Comm. PI. Afr. Austr., 13. 
 
 Haet. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. 47. Endl., Gen., n. 6460. 
 
 ' Comm. PI. Afr. Austr., 80. — Endi.., Gen. 
 n. 6491.— B. H., Oen., 476, n. 43. 
 
LEGUMmOS^-FAPILIONAOEJS. 341 
 
 acute compressed, continuous within, 2-valved ; placentary suture 
 marginate or narrowly winged. Seeds 1- oo exarillate. — Shrubs or 
 undershrubs, glabrous (often glaucescent) j leaves simple entire ex- 
 stipulate ;' flowers'" racemose or solitary terminal, or solitary in 
 axils of leaf-like bracts ; bractlets leafy or (Soutk J/rica"). 
 
 223. Euchlora Eckl. & Zeth." — Mowers nearly of Bafnia, 
 smaller ; receptacle gibbous behind ; 2 superior calyx-lobes a little 
 the larger. Legume ovoid subturgid few-seeded 2-valved. — A peren- 
 nial' prostrate villose herb ; leaves simple exstipulate ; flowers* in a 
 short dense terminal raceme. Other parts of Bafnia {South Africa!). 
 
 223. Borbonia L.' — Calyx-lobes 5, subequal, acute or pungent. 
 Petals more or less villous externally; standard suborbicular or obovate, 
 keel incurved obtuse, usually with a rather prominent fold on both 
 sides. Stamens and pistil of Bafnia. Legume linear or lanceolate, ob- 
 liquely acute, compressed, continuous within, 2-valved; placentary 
 suture bare marginate ; valves coriaceous convex. Seeds l-oo exaril- 
 late. — Shrubs or undershrubs, glabrous or somewhat villous ; leaves 
 simple entire rigid coriaceous, oo-ribbed exstipulate ; flowers' soli- 
 tary, racemose or capitate, terminal or leaf-opposed ;• bracts and 
 bractlets coriaceous or setaceous {South Africa^"). 
 
 224. Boisssea Vent." — Eeceptacle slightly concave ; calyx mem- 
 branous 5-lobed ; 2 superior lobes, much larger than rest, connate 
 to a variable height into a lip. Petals unequal ; standard broadly 
 orbicular or reniform reflexed ; wings unequally oblong, keel obtuse. 
 Stamens, connate into a sheath cleft above ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 sessile or stipitate, few or oo-ovulate ; style uncurved ; stigma 
 
 ■ Either l-ribbed or net-veined, in Vasooa ^ ©«»., u. 857. — liosx... Diet., i. 4SZ ; III., t. 
 
 broadly amplexicaul. 619. — DC, Prodr., ii. 120.— Endi., Q-en., n. 
 
 2 TeUow. 6461.— B. H., Gen., 475, u. 38. 
 
 ' Species about 22. Vent., Ja/rd. Malmais., ' Yellow, 
 
 t. 48. — Deiess., loon. Set., iii. 37, t. 62.— '" Species 13. Jacq., Sort. Schombr., ii. t. 
 
 Haet., Thes. Cap., t. 71, 72.— Haet. & Sond., 217, 218.— E. Met., Comm. PI. Afr. Austr., 
 
 M. Cap., ii. SI.— Bot. Mag., t. 482. 15.— Sot. Mag., t. 274, 2128.— Habt. & SojfD., 
 
 * 1. Ihmm., 171.— Enbl., &en., n. 6484.— M. Cap., ii. 563. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 475, n. 40. — Microtropis E. Mey., " Ja/rd. Cels., t. 7. — DC, Prodr., ii. 116. — 
 
 Comm. PI. Afr. Austr., 65. Enm., Gen., n. 6455.— B. H ., Gen., 473, n. 
 
 * With habit of Lotononis. ^ Purplish. 34. — Soottea E. Be., in Aii. Sort. Kevo., ed. 2, 
 'Species I. ^. se»2»e»« EcKX. & Zbth., ioc. iv.269. — iate^e LindIi., in 5oi. ^e^'., 1. 1722. — 
 
 dt. — Haet. & Sond., Fl. Cap., ii. 39. — Mioro- Enbl., Gen., n. 6453. 
 iropis Mrsata E. Mey., loc. cit. 
 
842 NATURAL HISTOBT OF PLANTS. 
 
 minute capitate. Legume sessile or stipitate, piano-compressed, with 
 slender or thickened sutures, continuous or callous between seeds, 
 .2-valved. Seeds unequally oblong, glabrous ; funicle dilated at apex 
 into a fleshy aril of variable form. — Shrubs or undershrubs, sometimes 
 leafless ; branches terete compressed or 2-winged cladodiform,' rarely 
 subangular ; leaves alternate or opposite, simple, or reduced to scales ; 
 stipules minute (dark-coloured) or ; flowers^ solitary axillary ; bracts 
 at base of pedicels minute, often dry, imbricate ; bractlets 3, almost 
 hke bracts, inserted on pedicel {Australia^. 
 
 225. Platylobium Sm.^ — Calyx-lobes very unequal; 2 superior 
 very large, free or connate ; 3 inferior small or very small, connate 
 into a 3-dentate or 3-fid lip. Corolla almost of Bossieea ; keel shorter 
 than wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate 
 into a sheath cleft above ; anthers uniform versatile. Germen sessile, 
 ovules 00 ; style incurved subulate; apex minute stigmatiferous. 
 Legume sessile or stipitate, piano-compressed, continuous within ; 
 2-valved, valves flat, on dehiscence bending elastically back to 
 longitudinally winged superior suture. Seeds arUlate. — Shrubs; 
 branches opposite thin, leaves opposite simple; stipules small; 
 flowers' solitary or more rarely few ; axillary bract rigid dry imbri- 
 cated at base of flower ; bractlets 2, resembling bracts, lateral under 
 flower {Australia^). 
 
 226. Templetonia E. Br.' — Eeceptacle shortly concave oblique. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes or teeth 4, unequal (2 posterior connate, 
 more rarely distinct) ; aestivation imbricate. Petals much exserted ; 
 standard ovate or orbicular, often reflexed; wings narrow, often 
 shorter, keel equal to or shorter than wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, 
 1 -adelphous ; fllaments connate into a sheath cleft above ; anthers 5 
 
 ^' See p. 220, fig. 192. 473, n. 33.—? Cheilococca Salisb., Prod/r., 412 
 
 - Yellow, red, or pnrple-variegated, (ex Sm.). 
 
 ' Species 34. Sm., in Tram. Linn. Soc, ix. * Yellow. 
 
 302. — R. BE.,in^it-Hbr<.JCsw.,ed.2,iv.266.— « Species 3. Sm., Bot. Nov.SoU., t. 6. 
 
 BoNPL., Jard. Malmais., t. 52. — SwEBT, M. Vent., Jard. Malmais., t. 31. — R. Be., in Ait. 
 
 Austral., t. 9, 20, 51. — Hook, r., Fl. Tasm., t. Sort. Kern., ed. 2, iv. 166. — Benth., JP2. Austral., 
 
 16.— Ahde., Bot. Eepos., t. 191, 205, 276. — ii. 152.— Sot. Mag., t. 469, 1508, 1520, 3258! 
 
 Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 154. — Bot. Beg., t. 3259. 
 
 306 ; (1841), t. 55 ; (1843), t. &i.—Bot. Mag., ? In Ait. Sort. Kem., ed. 2, iv. 269.— DC 
 
 t. 1144, 1233, 1235, 1266, 1493, 1652, 2491, ProAr., ii. 118.— Endl., Gen., n. 6457.— B. H.', 
 
 8895, 3986. Qen., 474, n. i?,.—Nematophylltim F. Mueli.!,' 
 
 * In TroMS. Linn. Soc, ii. 350.^DC., Prodr., in Sook. Journ., ix. 20. 
 ii. 116.— Ekbi., Gen., a. 6454.— B. H., Gen., 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAFILIONAOE^. 343 
 
 alternate shorter versatile ; 5 others longer basifixed. Grermen sessile 
 or stipitate, 2-qo -ovulate ; style subulate incurved ; stigma terminal. 
 Legume oblong or linear, compressed 2-valved, within continuous 
 coriaceous. Seeds arillate; funicle short. — Shrubs or undershrubs, 
 sometimes leafless ; leaves usually simple, articulated at base ; 
 stipules 3 lateral minute ; flowers' racemose, often few ; bracts im- 
 bricated at base of pedicel ; bractlets inserted on pedicel, almost like 
 bracts {Australia^. 
 
 227. Hovea E. Br.'— Eeceptacle shortly cupuliform glandular 
 within. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes or teeth valvate in bud, very 
 unequal; 3 inferior short narrow, usually subequal; 2 superior 
 much larger connate into a truncate or emarginate broad lip. Petals 
 unequal ; standard broadly suborbicular ; wings obliquely obovate ; 
 keel obtuse much longer than standard. Stamens 10, all connate 
 into a sheath cleft above or above and below ; 1 vexillary sometimes 
 free or nearly so {Plagiololiunf), usually connate with rest ; 1 superior 
 (alternipetalous) sometimes also nearly free ; 5 oppositipetalous 
 anthers shorter versatile, 5 others longer basifixed. Grermen sessile 
 or substipitate ; apex tapering into an incurved style ; stigma 
 terminal. Ovules oo or more frequently 2, descending, micropyle 
 superior extrorse. Legume sessile or stipitate, turgid short, globular 
 ovoid, or ovoid-rhomboidal often oblique at base, continuous within, 
 2-valved. Seeds 1 or more, arillate funiculate. — Shrubs, unarmed 
 or spiny ; leaves alternate simple ; stipules small or ; flowers' 
 axillary or fascicled, more rarely irregularly racemose on a developed 
 branch; bracts and bractlets small or {Australia^). 
 
 228. Goodia Salisb.' — Calyx 2-labiate; upper lip shortly 2- 
 dentate ; lower partite into 3 narrow subequal lobes.' Standard 
 suborbicular ; wings very unsymmetrical ; keel incurved obtuse. 
 
 ' Yellow, red, or purple-variegated. ° Blue or purplish. 
 
 ^ Species 7. Vent., Ja/ri. Malmais., t. 53. — ° Species 11. BoNPii., Jard. Malmais., t. 
 
 Bot. S.eg., t. 383, 859. — Bot. Mag., t. 2088, 51.— Sweet, M. Austral., 1. 13. — HuEd., Arch. 
 
 2334.— Benth., M. Austral, ii. 168. Bot., t. 7. — Hook, p., M. Tasm., t. 15.— Bot. 
 
 2 In Ait. Sort. Kern., ed. 2, iv. 275.— DC. B,eg., t. 280, 463, 614, 1423, 1427, 1512, 1524; 
 
 BroAr., ii. 115.— Endl., Qen., n. 6451.— B. H., (1838), t. 62 ; (1843), t. 4 j (1844), t. 58.— Soi. 
 
 G-en., 474, n. 36. — Poiretia Sm., in Tram. Linn. Mag., 1. 1624, 2005, 3053. 
 
 Soc, ix. 304 (nee Vent.). — PlatycUkim De- ' Ban-ad. Loud., t. 41. — Endi., Gen., n. 
 
 lATJN., Berl. Amat., t. 8l.—Bknsioarpos Fom., 6456.— DC, Brodr., ii. 117.— B. H., Gen., 474. 
 
 Diet., Suppl., ivr. 399. n, 37. 
 
 * Sweet, Fl. Austral., t. 2. ' Fairly imbricate wlien young. 
 
344 NATUBAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Stamens 10, l-adelphous ; 5 oppositipetalous shorter; sheath split 
 above ; anthers versatile uniform. Disk produced above receptacle 
 into a short sheath cleft above. Ovary stipitate pauciovulate ;^ 
 fanicle descending ;^ style inflexed or incurved ; stigma terminal, 
 minutely capitate. Legume stipitate oblong-falcate piano-compressed; 
 continuous within, 2-valved; sutures nerviform. Seeds arillate; 
 funicle short. — Shrubs, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves pinnately 3- 
 foliolate ; leaflets quite entire, articulated at base ; stipules lateral, 
 transversely cut a little above base, very caducous ; flowers^ in terminal 
 or leaf-opposed racemes ; bracts and bractlets caducous {Australia'^). 
 
 229. Liparia L.' — Mowers nearly of Templetonia; calyx-lobes 
 5, very unequal ; 4 superior lanceolate ; lowest much larger, often 
 petaloid; prsefloration imbricate. Keel with lateral appendage. 
 Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers all uniform subbasifixed, or 
 alternate 5 a little shorter. Germen sessile ; ovules few ; style 
 slender ; apex minutely stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or obovate 
 compressed, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds few arillate. — 
 Shrubs* usually villous or sUky ; leaves alternate simple entire coria- 
 ceous ; flowers' capitate terminal ; bracts broad imbricate forming 
 an involucre {South Africa^). 
 
 230. Priestleya DC — Flowers of Liparia ; calyx-lobes subequal, 
 lowest a little longer. Germen sessile ; ovules 2-qo ; style subu- 
 late ; apex entire or 2-dentate, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or 
 broadly linear-oblong, compressed, continuous within, 2-valved; 
 valves coriaceous flat or convex. Seeds l-oo arillate. — Shrubs, 
 usually silky or villous ; leaves simple exstipulate ; flowers'" crowded 
 in terminal heads or racemes, more rarely axillary ; bracts ovate 
 
 • Ovules usually 2 or 3. " Turning black when dry. 
 ^ Ovule suspended by this, finally inflexed; ' Yellow. 
 
 micropyle introrse superior. ' Species 4. Buem., M. Cap. Prodr., 4 
 
 ' Yellow, variegated with purple. (Leucadendron). — Lodd., Sot, Cab., t. 642. — 
 
 * Species 2. Bbuth., Fl. Austral., a. 117. — Akde., Bot. Sepos., t. 568. — Sot. Mag.,, t. 
 Sot. Mag., t. 958, 1310. — An anomalous genus 1241, 4034. — Haet. & SOND., M. Cap., ii. 
 (according to Bbntham)^ related by its (yellow) 14. 
 
 flowers and legume to Sosdma, by its Inflores- ' In Arm. Se. Nat., air. 1, iv. 90 ; Mem. 
 
 cenoe to Crotalana ; but dififering in its pin- Legum., 190, t. 29, 30, 32, 33 ; Prodr., ii. 121. 
 
 nately (non-digitately) trifoliolate leaves from aU Endl., &en., n. 6464. — B. H., Oen., 172, n. 27. 
 
 the &enistece. Acliyronia Wesdl., Ohs. Sot., 39 ; Sort. Ber- 
 
 5 Mantiss., n. 1319 (part.). — Lamk., Diet., renhams., i. t. 12, — DC, Prod/r., ii. 121. 
 
 ii. 437. — DC, Prodr., ii. 121. — Endi,., Gen., n. i" Yellow. 
 6463.— B. H., Gen., 472, n. 27. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAFILIONACEJE. 345 
 
 concave, lanceolate, or (the innermost) setaceous ; bractlets setaceous 
 caducous' (South AfriccF). 
 
 231. Amphithalea Eckl. & Zejth.' — Calyx narrow; lobes or 
 teeth, all 5 subequal, or 2 superior connate rather high, and broader. 
 Petals often narrowed at base ; standard obovate ovate or orbicular ; 
 wings oblong; keel pretty straight, spurred or gibbous on both 
 sides, obtuse at apex. Stamens 10, 2-adelphous (9-1) ; anthers 5 
 alternate smaller versatile ; 5 others subbasifixed longer. Germen 
 sessile, ovules 1 or few ; style incurved ; apex minute stigmatiferous. 
 Legume ovate or oblong, compressed, continuous within, 1- or few- 
 seeded, 2-valved. Seeds ariUate. — Shrubs, glabrous or more fre- 
 quently silky-viUous, usually heath-like; leaves alternate simple 
 entire exstipulate ; flowers^ iu crowded leafy spikes, or axillary 
 often paired; pedicels 0, or very short, 1-bracteate {South Africa'). 
 
 232. Lathriogyne Ecel. & Zeyh.'' — Mowers nearly of Amphi- 
 thalea; corolla shorter than calyx; keel beaked, gibbous on both 
 
 sides. Germen sessile ; ovule 1. Legume ? Other parts 
 
 of Amphithalea. — A silky- villous heath-hke shrub ; leaves alternate 
 simple entire; flowers crowded in terminal leafy capitula {South 
 Africa'). 
 
 233. Ccelidium Vog.^ — Flowers nearly of Amphithalea; keel 
 pretty straight obtuse. Stamens 10, 1-adelphous ; filaments connate 
 into a sheath cleft above ; anthers of 2 kinds. Germen sessile ; 
 ovule 1. Legume ovate rather acute 2-valved; seed arillate. — 
 Silky-viUous heath-like shrubs ; leaves simple (of Amphithalea) ; 
 flowers' crowded in a terminal head, or axillary, often paired ; pedicels 
 very short, 1-bracteolate {South Africa^"). 
 
 1 Dbcanbolie divides this genus into tlie fol- * Pink or purple, usually small, 
 
 lowing 2 sections : 1. Isothea : base of calyx * Species 9. DC, M&m. Legum., t. 31 (Frieat- 
 
 pushed up 5 keel heaked ; 2. Anisothea : base leya). — Habt. & Sond., Fl. Cap., ii. 21. 
 
 of calyx not pushed up, or tapering obconical ; ^ ;Ermm., lYO. — Endl., &en., n. 6466. 
 
 keel not beaked {Xyphoteca EcKi. & Zexh., Sevdma E. Met., Comm. PI. Afric. Austr., 
 
 Emm., 166). 153. 
 
 3 Species 15. Thunb., Fl. Cap., 565 (Li- 1 Species 1. L. parvifoUa EcKi. & Zbth., 
 
 paria): — Kee, in Sot. Reg., t. 8. — Ande., Bot. loo. oit. — Haev. & Sojrb., Fl. Cap., ii. 593.— 
 
 , t. 382. — HaeT. & SoND., Fl. Cap., ii. Heudmsa decipiens E. Mey., loc. cit. 
 
 \G.—Bot. Mag., t. 382, 3216. ^ ^^ Waip., in lArmcea, xiii. 472.— Ebdi., 
 
 3 Fmm., 167. — Endl., Gen., n. 6465.— G-en., n. 6467. — B. H., Gen., 473, n. 31. 
 
 Ingenhoussia E. Met., Comm. PI. Afric. Austr., ' Pink, purple, or yellow, usually sinall. 
 
 20.—eri/phiantha'EcKL.&Zms.,op.cit.,171. — '" Species 8. Habv. & SosD-, Fl. Cap., ii. 
 
 Fpistemam Walp., in ZinncBa, xiii. 473. 24. 
 
346 NATURAL EI8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 234. ? Walpersia Habv. & Sond.' — Flowers nearly of CcElidium ; 
 " calyx-lobes of nearly same length, 2 superior broader, claws of petals 
 adnate at base to staminal tube. Stamens 1-adelpbous. Germen 
 2-ovulate. — A much-brancbed villous shrub; leaves simple quite 
 entire, edges revolute ; flowers^ pedicellate in axils of upper leaves ; 
 bractlets'foliaceous below calyx" {South Africa). 
 
 IX. PODALYEIE^. 
 
 235. Podalyria Lamk. — Eeceptacle subcarapanulate, pushed in 
 at base, lined by a glandular disk. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth or 
 lobes 5, subequal. Corolla papilionaceous; standard orbicular, or 
 broadly cordate emarginate, a lUitle longer than wings, rather thick 
 or glandular inside above short subrecurved claw ; wings obliquely 
 obovate ; keel broadly obovate incurved obtuse, shorter than wings. 
 Stamens 10, perigynous; filaments free or unequally connate at very 
 base ; anthers uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules c» ; style slender 
 apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or turgid 2-valved 
 valves coriaceous ; seeds l-oo , arillate. — Silky or villous shrubs 
 leaves alternate simple, shortly petiolate or sessile ; stipules subulate, 
 often caducous ; flowers axillary pedunculate, solitary or in twos or 
 fours {South Africa). 
 
 236. Cyclopia Vent.' — Mowers of Podalyria ; keel incurved ob- 
 tusely beaked. Legume oblong piano-compressed. Seeds cc, aril- 
 late. — Shrubs, glabrous or rather villous when young ; leaves shortly 
 petiolate or sessile, digitately 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate ; peduncles 
 axillary, 1 -flowered,^ 2-bracteolate at base {South Africa^). 
 
 237. Thermopsis E. Br.' — Eeceptacle shortly turbinate disci- 
 ferous within ; calyx-lobes 5 subequal or 2 posterior united for a 
 variable height. Standard suborbicular, subequal to wings, with 
 
 ' Fl. Cap., ii. 26.— B. H., Qen., 473, u. 32. E. Met., Comm. PI. Afric. Auatr., 3. — Anbe., 
 
 2 "Yellow." Sot. Mepos., t. 427. — Haet. & Sohd., M. Cap., 
 
 ? Dec. Qen. Nov., 8 E. Be., in Ait. Sort. ii. 6. 
 
 Keiv., ed. 2, iii. 5. — DC, Prodr., ii. 101 — ' In Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 8. DC, 
 
 Endl., Qen., u. 6422. — B. H., Qen., 466, n. Prodr., ii. 99. — Endi., Qen., n. 6420. B. H., 
 
 6. — Ibbetsonia Sims, in Pot. Mag., t. 1259. Qen., 465, n. 3. — Thermia Nittt., Qen. Amer. 
 
 * Flowers yellow. i. 282. — Scoloim Rajin., in Journ. Phm. 
 
 * Species 9. Eckl. & Zexh., Enum., 153. — Ixxxix. 89. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-FAPILIONAGEJE. 347 
 
 ^•eflexed edges ; keel equal to wings or slightly longer ; petals im- 
 bricate below. Stamens 10, free. Germen sessile or shortly stipi- 
 tate Qo-ovulate ; style incurved ; stigma minute terminal. Legume 
 sessile or shortly stipitate, oblong linear or inflated, straight or 
 incurved scarcely coriaceous. Seeds arillate or exarillate. — Perennial 
 herbs ; rhizome usually creeping ] annual branches erect, simple or 
 branched, sheathing at base ; lower leaves reduced to broad scarious- 
 membranous sheath passing from entire below to 3-toothed or 3- 
 dentate ; upper leaves perfect, alternate digitately 3-foliolate, stipules 
 leafy lateral free ; flowers' ebracteolate in terminal or leaf-opposed 
 racemes {North America and Uastern Asia'). 
 
 238. Baptisia Vent.' — Mowers nearly of Thermopsis ; receptacle 
 obtuse at base or very shortly turbina.te. Germen stipitate ; ovules 
 00. Other parts of Thermopsis. Legume stipitate subglobose or 
 ovoid, inflated often coriaceous. Seeds arillate or exarillate. — Herbs, 
 with habit of Tliermopsis ; leaves 3-foliolate, more rarely simple or 
 perfoliate ; stipules 0, or small, or large foliaceous free ; flowers* 
 in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, bracts simple or ; bractlets 3 or 
 {North Americ(f). 
 
 239. Anagyris T.' — Flowers nearly of Thermopsis; standard 
 shorter than wings ; sides not reflexed. Germen shortly stipitate ; 
 ovules 00. Other parts of Thermopsis. Legume stipitate broadly 
 linear compressed, more or less torulose, with thin incomplete septa 
 inside parting seeds. Seeds cc, exarillate. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate 
 digitately 3-foliolate ; stipules 2, connate into 1 opjpositifolious ; 
 flowers' in short racemes at ends of branches ; pedicels 2, 3 in axil of 
 
 ' Yellow or purple, rather large and band- * White, blue, or yellow, 
 
 some. ' Species about 14. Gjebtn., Fmct., ii. 321, 
 
 ' Species about 12. Pali., Astrag., t. 89, t. 149 (SopJtora). — MiCHX., M. Sor.-Amer., i. 
 
 90.— ToEE. & Ge., M. 2f. Amer., i. 387.— 263.— Vent., Jwrd. Gels., t. 56. — Sweet, Brit. 
 
 Deless., Icon. Sel., iii. 36, t. 60. — Jacquem., Fl. &ard., t. 97. — Toee. & Ge., Fl. N. Amer., 
 
 Voy. Bot., t. 39.— ROTLE, III. Himal., t. 32. — i. 263. — Bot. Beg., t. Z\.%\.—Bot. Mag., 1. 1099, 
 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., i. t. 47. — A. Qeat, 1177. — W alp., Sep., i. 563 j ^»»., ii. 307. 
 
 Chlor. Bor.-Amer., t. 7-9.— Bot. Beg., 1. 1272.— » Instit, 647, t. 415.— L., Gen., n. 509.— J., 
 
 Bot. Mag., t. 1389 {Podalyria), 3611, 4868.— Qen., 352.— Lamk., Diet., i. 141 j Suppl., i. 
 
 Waip., Rep., i. 562. 332 ; III., t. 328.— DC, Mem. Legum., t. 4, fig. 
 
 3 Heo. &en. Nov., 9. — E. Be., in Ait. Kort. 3 ; Brodr., ii. 99.— Ewdl., (?e»., n. 6418 (part.). 
 
 Kem., ed. 2, iii. 5. — DC, Mem. Legum., t. 4 ; — B. H., ©«»., 465, n. 1. 
 
 Broda-., ii. 100.— Endl., Q-en., n. 6421. — B. H., ' Yellow, rather large. 
 Gen., 466, n. 4. — Crotalopsis MiCHX., mss. (ex 
 DC, loo. cit.). 
 
348 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 each stipulaceous sheathing or small deciduous bract ; bractlets 
 {Mediterranean, Arabia, Canary Islands^). 
 
 240. Piptanthus D. Don.^ — Flowers of Thermopsis; standard 
 subequal to wings ; sides reflexed. Legume stipitate broadly linear 
 piano-compressed, continuous within. Seeds minutely arillate. — A 
 shrub ; leaves petiolate, digitately 3-foliolate ; stipules 2, connate 
 into 1, leaf-opposed ; flowers' in short racemes at ends of branches ; 
 pedicels 2, 3, in axil of each sheathing deciduous bract* {Himalaya^). 
 
 241 ? Pickeringia Nutt.' — Mowers nearly of Baptisia ; recep- 
 tacle shortly obconical glandular within, calyx campanulate, with 
 subequal imbricated teeth. Germen shortly stipitate oo-ovulate; 
 style incurved ; stigma minute terminal. Legume. . . . ? — A bushy 
 shrub ; twigs often spinescent ; leaves alternate 1-3 foliolate ; 
 petiole very short concave; stipules or very small; flowers'" in 
 short terminal racemes or solitary pedunculate in axils of highest 
 leaves of twigs ; bractlets 2, lateral small {California'). 
 
 242. Brachysema E. Bk,.° — Eeceptacle concave, glandular within. 
 Calyx-lobes 5, of nearly equal length ; 2 superior more or less con- 
 nate ; prsefloration imbricate. Petals usually very unequal ; standard 
 shorter and narrower than wings, often minute, more or less re- 
 curved ; wings narrow oblong ; keel usually longer and broader than 
 wings, incurved; 2 dorsal petals connate. Stamens 10, free; 5 
 alternipetalous longer. Grermen sessile or stipitate," oo-ovulate; 
 style thin long; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume ovate or 
 elongated ; valves coriaceous. — Shrubs or undershrubs ; leaves either 
 
 ' Species 2. Smth., Fl. QrcBc, t. 366. — Thermopsis nepaidensis DC, Prodr., ii. 99, n. 
 
 DusP., M. Atlant., i. 385. — Webb, Fkyt. 3. — T. lahmndfolia Don, Frocl/r. M. Nepal., 
 
 Canar., t. 40. — LoDD., £ot. Cab., t. 140. — 241. — Hook., Fxot. M., t. 131 {Baptisia). 
 
 Gben. & GODE., M. de Fr., i. 343. " Ex Toeb. & Ge., Fl. N. Amer., i. 389 
 
 = In Sweet Brit. Fl. Qard., t. 264.— B. H., B. H., Gen., 466, n. 5. 
 
 Gen., 465. n. 2. ? "Red." 
 
 2 Yellow, rather large. « Species 1. P. montana NuTT. — ToEE., in 
 
 * This genus, with the flowers and fruit of Fmor. Sep., t. 14. — Frickothamnus montanus 
 Thermopsis, and the stipules and inflorescence of Nutt. 
 
 Artagyris, is, as it were, intermediate between ' In Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 10. Ehdi. 
 
 them, and should perhaps be rather reduced to a Gen., n. 6425. — B. H., Ge%., 467, n. 9. 
 
 section of the former j for the generic separa- '" The section FMraehysema (stem leafj) has 
 
 tion of Thermopsis, Baptisia, Anagyris, and a stipitate germen, surrounded by an inner 
 
 FiptcmtTms seems hardly correct. sheathing disk within stamens. 
 
 * Species 1. P. nepaulensis DoN, loc, cit. — 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACEJJl. 349 
 
 reduced to minute scales {Zeptdsema^), or simple, alternate or opposite, 
 often silky ; stipules narrow ; flowers^ solitary or few at ends of 
 twigs in axils of leaves, more rarely crowded on sliort radicle scapes 
 {Western and tropical Australia^). 
 
 243 ? Jansonia Kipp.* — Calyx oblique gamosepalous, cleft behind ; 
 lobes 5, very unequal; posterior 2 very small; anterior 1 longer 
 than laterals. Petals unequal, at base adnate to staminal tube; 
 standard minute, long-tapering at base ; Umb folded back ; wings 
 oblong, longer than standard ; keel still longer, with its petals free. 
 Stamens 10 at base 1 or 3-adelphous (9-1), finally free ; anthers 
 uniform. Germen sessile ; ovules oo ; style filiform elongated stigma 
 minute terminal. Legume .... ? — ^A shrub ; leaves simple opposite; 
 stipules subulate ; flowers' included before anthesis in a 2-seriately 
 decussate 4-leaved. involucre ; capitula terminal sessile nutant {South 
 Australia^). 
 
 244. Oxylobium Andb.'— Calyx-lobes 5, united to a variable 
 height, imbricate ; 2 superior often broader, joined higher, valvate by 
 superior margins. Petals unguiculate ; standard orbicular or reniform, 
 with usually short claw ; wings nearly equal to keel. Stamens 10, 
 free; anthers uniform. Germen inserted in bottom of disk, sessile 
 or stipitate, 2- co-ovulate ; style thin subulate, apex scarcely- or un- 
 dilated, stigmatiferous. Legume oblong or ovoid turgid, sessile or 
 shortly (more rarely, in Podolobium^ long-) stipitate, within either 
 continuous, or thin-stuffed or more rarely subseptate' between seeds. 
 Seeds long-funiculate, arillate or exarillate. — Shrubs or undershrubs ; 
 leaves simple petiolate 2-stipulate, alternate, or oftener opposite or 
 verticillate. Flowers"" in terminal or axillary racemes, or more 
 
 ■ Benth., in Arm. Wien. Mas., ii. 84 ; J7. ^ " Red." 
 
 Aiistral., ii. 12. — Bot. Mag., t. 4481. — Kale- ' Species 1. J. formosa Kipp., loo. cii. — 
 
 nicsenkia TiTECZ., in Bvll. Mosc. (1853), i. 252. — Eenth., Fl. Austral., ii. 8. — Wai,p., Ann., ii. 
 
 Burgesia F. MtTELL., Fragm. Bhyt. Austral., i. 308. 
 
 222 (nee Sieb. & Zucc). — H.Bn., in Adansonia, ' Bot. Bepos., t. 492. — DC, Prodr., ii. 104. — 
 
 ix. 297, t. vii. Endl., Gen., n. 6427.— B. H., Gen., 467, n. 10. 
 
 ^ Eed, rarely nearly black or greenish yellow. ' E. Bb., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 9. — 
 
 5 Species about 14. Bente., Fl. Austral., ii. DC, Prodr., ii. 103. — Endl., Gen., n. 6428. 
 10. — Bot. Beg., t. 118, Qi'i.—Bot. Mag., t. » Vent., Jwrd. Malmais., t. 115. — DC, 
 
 2008, 4652. — Walp., Ann., ii. 308 ; v. 452. Frod/r., ii. 104.— Endl., Gen., n. 64aS.—CalU- 
 
 * In Trans. lArm. Soc, xx. 384, t. 16. — stachya Sm., in Trans. lAnn. Soc., ix. 266. 
 B. H., Gen., 467, n. 8. — Cryptosema MBissif., '" Yellow or purple-variegated, 
 
 in PI. Preist., ii. 207. 
 
350 NATURAL EI8T0B7 OF PLANTS. 
 
 rarely in dense false-corymbs ; bracts and 2 lateral bractlets inserted 
 at a variable beight under calyx, very caducous (Australia^). ' 
 
 245. Chorizema Labill.' — Eeceptacle sligbtly concave, glandular 
 witbin. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 5 iinequal or subequal ; 2 
 superior often joined higber than rest ; prsefloration valvate or im- 
 bricate. Petals unguiculate ; standard orbicular or reniform ; wings 
 oblong ; keel much shorter than wings, straight or incurved. Stamens 
 10 free, all equal, or vexillary more slender, distant from rest. 
 Grermen sessile or stipitate oc -ovulate; style incurved; stigma more 
 or less oblique. Legume ovoid, turgid or compressed continuous 
 within. Seeds co, reniform exarillate ; hilum rather distant from 
 micropyle ; funicle slender, rather long. — Shrubs or undershrubs ; 
 leaves simple, alternate or rarely opposite; stipules minute or 
 setaceous ; flowers^ in terminal or axillary racemes ; bracts deciduous ; 
 bractlets lateral at a variable height on pedicel, deciduous {Australia*). 
 
 246. Isotropis Benth.^ — Eeceptacle obconical short; calyx-lobes 
 5 much longer than tube ; 2 superior high-connate. Petals ungui- 
 culate; standard broadly orbicular; wings obliquely subfalcate; 
 keel incurved. Stamens 10 free. Grermen sessile ovules co; style 
 slender; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume oblong linear or 
 lanceolate, more or less turgid, acute. Seeds exariUate. — Herbs or 
 undershrubs; stems diffuse or ascending; leaves alternate 1-foliolate; 
 stipules small or linear falcate ; flowers long-pedunculate solitary 
 axUlary, or in racemes at ends of branches {Australia^). 
 
 247. Gompholobium Sm.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform ; edge of disk 
 
 ' Species about 27. Labili,., Nouv.-Holl., t. 8. — Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 2n ; Fl. 
 
 135 (Gompholohmm) . — R. Be., in Ait. Sort. Austral., ii. 26. — Mattni)., £ot., t. 106. Sot. 
 
 Kew., ed. 2, iii. 9. — Andb., Bot. Sepos., t. 320 Seg., t. 986, 1513, 1514, 1528; (1838), t. 10; 
 
 (FuUencea). — Swsw,Fl.A«stral.,tr.i. — Bbhth., (1839), t. 49; (1841), t. 45. — Bot. Mag., t. 
 
 Fl. Austral., ii. 14. — Sot. Seg., t. 216 [Calli- 1032, 3607, 3903. — Waip., Ann., ii. 309 ; iv. 
 
 kaoh/s), 392,913; (1843), t. IS (Oxt/lobium), 453. 
 
 959, 1338 {Podolohvum), 1434 {Mvrlelia). — Bot. * In Mueg. Fwum., 28 ; in Ann. Wien. Mus., 
 
 Mag., 1. 1544, 1925, 2442, 3249, 3882.— Wale., ii. 70.— Enbi., Gen., n. 6429.— B. H., &en., 
 
 iRep., V. 423, 424 ; Aim., iv. 452, 453. 468, n. 13. — ? Callistaehya Sm., in Tram. 
 
 2 Voy., i. 405, t. 21.— DC, Prodr., ii. 102. — Linn. Soc, ix. 267 (ex Endl.). 
 
 Ehdl., Qen., n. 6431.— B. H., Gen., 467, n. « Lodd., Sot. Cab., t. 1953 (Chorizema). 
 
 ll.' — Orthotropis Behth., in Lindl. Swan Bio., Fash., Mag., x. 127, ic. (Chorizema). Bbkth., 
 
 App., 16. Fl. Amtral., ii. 38. 
 
 ' Orange or red, often 2-coloured. ' In Trans. Lirm. Soc, iv. 220.— DC, Prodr. 
 
 < Species about 15. Bonpl., Ja/rd. Malmais., ii. 105. — Eitdl., Qen., n. 6432. B. H., Gen. 
 
 t. 35. — E.. Bb. in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 468, n. 14. 
 
LEQVMINOB^-PAPILIONACEM. 351 
 
 sligttly prominent. Calyx deeply 5-lobed ; lobes subequal rather 
 thict valvate persistent. Petals very unequal; standard broadly 
 orbicular or reniform, apex often emarginate ; wings oblong, often 
 falcate ; keel oblong, broader than wings. Stamens 10, free perigy- 
 nous ; antbers uniform. Germen inserted by short slender stalk in 
 bottom of receptacle closely surrounded by a disk at base ; style 
 incurved ; apex truncate or capitate, stigmatiferous ; ovules 4- oo, 2- 
 seriate, long-funiculate campylotropous. Legume inflated sub-gibbous, 
 ovoid or shortly cylindrical, obtuse often oblique inflated. Seeds 
 few or oo, small exarUlate long-funiculate.— Shrubs or undershrubs ; 
 leaves alternate simple, or more rarely pinnate or digitate ; terminal 
 leaflet sessile ; stipules minute or ; flowers' axillary or terminal, 
 solitary or in small racemes ; bracts and bractlets minute or 
 {Australi(f). 
 
 248. Mirbelia Sm.' — Calyx gamosepalous imbricated ; 2 superior 
 lobes broader, higher connate. Petals unguiculate ; standard reni- 
 form or broadly orbicular ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel equal to 
 wings or shorter. Stamens 10, free. Germen sessile or stipitate ; 
 ovules 2-co ; style usually short incurved ; apex capitate stigmati- 
 ferous. Legume oblong or ovoid, turgid, within longitudinally 
 2-locellate by 2 longitudinal false-septa, springing one from 
 pushed-in placenta, one from anterior suture (as in Astrugalus) ; 
 endocarp often separating from exocarp at maturity ; seeds 1, 2, or 
 
 cx), exariUate. — Shrubs; leaves simple, alternate and opposite or 
 verticillate, more rarely ; stipules small setaceous or ; flowers" 
 axillary or terminal, solitary fascicled or racemose; bracts and 
 bractlets small or {Ausiralicf). 
 
 249. Burtonia E. Bu.* — Eeceptacle very short. Calyx hence 
 
 ' Yellow or red. ^Emim., 35 ; in Arm. Wien,. Mm., ii. 84. — Enk,;, 
 
 ' Species about 24. IjUirLL., Nouv.Soll., t. ffe».,n. 6449. — Oxycladivm'$.Mv'ELL.,iaHook, 
 
 133, 134. — R. Bb., in Ait. Mart. Kew., ed. 2, Jowm., ix. 20 ; Vragm. Phyt. Austral., i. 167. 
 iii. il. — Ande., Sot. Sepos., t. 642. — Kbichb., * Yellow, red, or purple. 
 
 Icon. Exot., t. 76, 97, 243. — Benth., in Arm. * Species about 16. Vent., Jard. Malmais., 
 
 Wien. Mas., ii. 72; M. Amtral., ii. 40. — Bot. t. 119. — Swdbt, M. Austral., t. 34. — Beichb., 
 
 Keg., t. 1468, 1474, 1490, 1563, 1574, 1615 ; Icon. Exot., t. 191.— Benth., M. Austral., ii. 
 
 (1839), t. ^.—Bot. Mag., t. 1533, 4171, 4179, 32.— Boi. Ueg., t. 1041 ; (1841), t. 58.— -Boif. 
 
 4258.— Waip., ^MM., ii. 309; iv. 453. Mag., t. 1121. 2771, 4419.— Waip., Mep., i. 
 
 3 In Ann. of Sot., i. 511; in Tram. Linn. 576; v. 433; Ann., i. 204; ii. 313. 
 Soc, ix. 265.— R. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. « In Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 12 (nee 
 
 2, iU. 21.— DC, Prodr., ii. 114.— Spach, Suit. Samsb.).— DC, Frodr., ii. 106.— Endi., Gen., 
 
 a Suffon, i. 183.— Endl., (?«»., n. 6448.— B. H., n. 6433.— B. H., Gen., 468, n. 15. 
 Gen., 468, n. 12. — Sichosema Benth., in Smg. 
 
352 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 hypogynous ; lobes nearly free, or only connate at very base, valvate ; 
 2 superior a little broader. Petals shortly unguiculate; standard 
 orbicular or reniform; wings obliquely obovate or oblong; keel 
 shorter than wings, obtuse. Stamens 10, free, scarcely perigynous. 
 Germen sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2 ; funicles elongated, thickened 
 at apex, dilated into obturators above micropyle, curved or folded 
 one upwards, one downwards j style incurved more or less dilated at 
 base ; apex minutely stigmatiferous. Legume ovoid or subglobose 
 inflated, oblique at base. Seeds 1, 2, exarillate. — Shrubs or under 
 shrubs ; leaves alternate, simple digitate, or pinnate ; terminal 
 leaflet sessile ; stipules small or ; flowers' racemose in superior 
 axils, or racemose or subumbellate at ends of branches ; bracts small 
 bractlets inserted at bottom of pedicel or half-way up {Australia'). 
 
 250. Jacksonia E. Br.' — Eeceptacle obeonical very short. Calyx 
 gamosepalous at very base ; lobes elongated equal or 2 superior 
 broader ; prsefloration valvate. Corolla and stamens of Burtonia. 
 Grermen sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2, very rarely 3-6 {Piptomeris*), 
 reniform, shortly funiculate ; style subulate incurved, apex minutely 
 stigmatiferous. Legume ovate or oblong, compressed or subturgid. 
 Seeds 1, 2, exariUate. — Shrubs or undershrubs, rigid leafless, twigs 
 sometimes angular rush-like, or spinescent, sometimes phyllodineous 
 simulating leaves; leaves minute scale-like ; flowers^ scattered 
 along branches or in terminal racemes or spikes ; bracts and 
 bractlets small scale-like {Australia^). 
 
 251. Sphaerolobium Sm.'— Eeceptacle obeonical, often elongated. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; tube longer {Boea^) or shorter than lobes ; 
 lobes imbricate ; 2 superior larger or very large, connate. Corolla 
 and stamens of Burtonia, very perigynous. Germen stipitate ; ovules 
 2 (of Jacksonia) ; style incurved subulate or dilated at base, above 
 
 ' Yellow, orange, or purple-blue. ^ Species 28. Labiii., Nouv.SoU., i. 107, t. 
 
 2 Species 1. Deless., Icon. Sel., iii. 37, t. 136 {Gompholobium). — BoNPL., Jard. Matmais., 
 
 61. — Benth., JZ. Austral., ii. 50. — Sot. Meg., SQ,t,.\\{Crompholohium). — Sm., in 2Va««. iin«. 
 
 t. 1600. — Bot. Mag., t. 4392, 4410, 5000.— Soc.,\Ti.2,?>Q (Damesia).—Uv^<3,., Sot. Arch.,t. 
 
 Walp., 28ep., i. 569 j v. 426; Ann., i. 203 j ii. 3. — Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 52. — Waip., Ann., 
 
 310. ii. 310; iv. 454. 
 
 s In Ait. Sort. Kern., ed. 2, iii. 12. — DC, ' In Ann. of Sot, i. 509 ; in Trans. lAnn. 
 
 Prodr., ii. 107. — Enbi., Gen,., n. 6434. — B. H., Soc, ix. 261. — DC, Prodr., ii. 107. Enbl., 
 
 Gen., 469, n. 16. Gen., n. 6437.— B. H., Gen., 469, n. 17. 
 
 * Tttboz., in Sull. Mose. (1853), i. 258. * Hueg-., lEnum., 34. — Benth., in Ann. Wien. 
 
 ' Yellow or purple-variegated. Mus., ii. 77. 
 
LEOUMmOS^-PAFILIONAGE^. 353 
 
 with, a longitudinal wing-like membrane, or with an unequal ring 
 below stigma. Legume stipitate short, globose or compressed-1, 
 2-seeded. — Griabrous shrubs or undershrubs ; branches often rush- 
 like ; leaves narrow or filiform, small, alternate opposite or verticil- 
 late, more rarely ; flowers' solitary, axillary or lateral, more 
 frequently in terminal or lateral racemes ; bracts small {Australia^. 
 
 252. Viminaria Sm.' — Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth much shorter 
 than tube, subequal. Corolla and stamens nearly of Burtonia. 
 Grermen subsessile ; ovules 2 (of Jacksonia) ; style slender, apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Legume sessile ovoid-oblong ; pericarp thin subin- 
 dehiscent ; seed usually filling pericarp, minutely arillate. — A shrub, 
 branches rush-like ; leaves alternate, 1-3-foliolate or more frequently 
 reduced to slender elongated petiole ; flowers" in terminal slender 
 racemes ; bracts minute caducous ; bractlets 2 small, inserted at top 
 of pedicel under flower {Australia^). 
 
 253. Daviesia Sm.^ — Eeceptacle minutely obconical, truncate 
 horizontally at apex, glandular within. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 
 5, subequal, or 2 superior connate broader. Petals with slender 
 claws ; standard broadly reniform or orbicular ; wings falcate-oblong 
 or obovate ; keel a little smaller than wings, incurved. Stamens 
 10, free or only coherent at base ; 5 filaments often broader. Grermen 
 stipitate, 2-ovulate; style subulate; apex not thickened, stigmati- 
 ferous. Legume stipitate much compressed, unequally 1-3-angular 
 acute ; placentary suture straight ; dorsal curved at nearly a right- 
 angle. Seeds 1, 2 ; funicle dilated into an aril. — Shrubs or under- 
 shrubs; leaves alternate simple, horizontal or vertical, sometimes 
 terete spinescent, sometimes prickle-like, more rarely very small or 
 ; flowers' usually small, in short, lax or umbelliform corymbiform, 
 axillary or terminal racemes ; bracts minute, rarely enlarged and 
 protecting fruit ; bractlets {Australia^). 
 
 ' Yellow or red. ^ Species 1. V. dermdata Sm., loo. cit. — E. 
 
 ^ Species 13. Labii.1.., Nouv.Soll., t. 138. — Bb., in Ait. Mori. Kern., ed. 2, iii. \%.—Bot. 
 
 K. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kern,, ed. 2, iii. 14. — Mag., t. 1190. — Daviesia dermdata Vent., Ch. 
 
 Benth., Fl. Ausiral., ii. 63. — Bot. Mag., t. de Plant., t. 6. — Sophora juneea SCHBAD., Sert. 
 
 969. — Waip., Aim., ii. 311 ; iv. 455. Samnov., t. 3. 
 
 ' In Aim. of Sot, i. 507 ; Exot. Sot., 51, t. « In Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 220.— DC, Prodr. 
 
 21 ; in Trans. Liwn. Soc, iji. 261.— DC, Prodr., ii. 113.— -Endl., Gen., n. 6435.— B. H., &en., 
 
 ii. 107.— Enot., 0en., n. 6436.— B. H., 0en., 469, n. 19. 
 469, n. 18. ' Yellow, orange, or red, usually small. 
 
 * Orange-yellow, small. ' Species about 55. Labill., Nouv.-SoU., t, 
 
 VOL. II. A A 
 
354 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 254 Aotus S-\r.' — Calyx-lobes 5, unequal; 3 superior broader 
 higher connate ; prsefloration imbricate. Corolla and stamens nearly 
 of Burtonia. Germen sessile or stipitate ; ovules 2, shortly funi- 
 culate ; style slender inflexed ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume 
 ovate, compressed or rather turgid, 1-2-seeded, 2-valved. — Shrubs ; 
 branches often virgate ; leaves alternate or 3-nately verticiUate, 
 simple ; stipules minute or ; flowers'' axillary, often in 2's or 3's, 
 pedicellate ; bracts small caducous ; bractlets {Australia'). 
 
 255. Phyllota DC:" — Calyx-lobes 2, superior often broader or 
 higher connate; prsefloration imbricate. Corolla and stamens of 
 Aotus ; filaments aU or outer 5 adnate to petals at base ; anthers 
 usually elongated. Germen 2-ovulate ; style usually dilated at 
 base, subulate at apex, minutely stigmatiferous at very point. 
 Legume ovate, rather turgid, 1-2-seeded, 2-valved. — Shrubs, usually 
 heath-like ; leaves alternate simple linear ; stipules minute or ; 
 flowers axillary or terminal, pedunculate; bractlets 2, 3, often 
 inserted under flower, sometimes foliaceous* {Australia^). 
 
 256. Gastrolobium E. Br.' — Calyx gamosepalous ; 2 superior 
 lobes broader, often truncate, connate higher. Corolla and free 
 stamens of Aotus. Germen subsessile or stipitate ; ovules 2 reniform ; 
 style slender incurved, at apex minute or capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume ovoid or subglobular turgid, 2-valved. Seeds, 1, 2, arillate. 
 — Shrubs ; leaves opposite or 3- or 4-nately verticiUate, more rarely 
 alternate, simple rigid, with edges revolute or folded and connate ; 
 stipules small narrow ; flowers' in terminal or axillary racemes or 
 
 137. — E. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kem., ed. 2, iii. Austral., ii. 94. — Waip., JStep., i. 572 ; v. 429 ; 
 
 20. — Akde., Bot. Sepos., t. 304. — Lodd., Bot. Ann., ii. 311 ; iv. 456. 
 
 Cdb.,t. 43. — Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 69. — Sot. * FroAr., ii. 113 (PultencBa sect, ii).— Endl., 
 
 lleg., t. V28, 1005.— 5o<. Mag., t. 1757, 1957, G-en., n. 6439.— B. H., Gen., 470, n. 21. 
 
 2679, 3196, 4244. — Walp., Eep., i. 569; ' This genus differs from P«?«e«cEa (of which 
 
 ii. 832 ; v. 427 ; Awn., i. 203 ; ii. 310 ; iv. it was formerly made a section) by its exarillate 
 
 455. seeds, and its stamens adnate at the base to the 
 
 ' In Ann. of Sot., i. 50t , in Trans. Linn. corolla ; from Dilhuynia and Aotm by its bract- 
 
 Soc, ix. 249.— DC, Prod/r., ii. 108.— Endi., lets. 
 
 Gen., n. 6440. — B. H., Gen., 470, n. SO. ^ Species 6. Benth., in Sueg. Emim., 34 ; in 
 
 2 Tellow or purple-variegated. Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 77 ; Fl. Austral., ii, 94. 
 
 ' Species about 19. Labill., Nouv.SoU., t. ' In Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 16. DC. 
 
 132. — R. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 14. — Prodr., ii. 110. — Ehil., Gen., n. 6443. B. H. 
 
 Vent., Jard. Malmais., t. 35 (PuUencBo). — Gen., 470, n. 22. 
 
 Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 78 j JP7. ' Yellow or variegated red and purple. 
 
LEGUMINOSJU-PAPILIONACEJE}. 355 
 
 dense fascicles ; bracts small caducous ; bractlets minute very cadu- 
 cous, or 0' {Australia^. 
 
 257. Pultensea Sm.' — Flowers of Gastrololium ; 2 superior calyx- 
 lobes sometimes very large (EucAilus*) ; style often conspicuously 
 dilated at base [Spadostylei). Legume ovate, compressed or turgid, 
 2-valved. Seeds 1, 2, reniform arillate. — Sbrubs; leaves alternate 
 or more rarely 3-nately verticillate simple ; margins revolute or 
 involute ; stipules lanceolate or subulate dusky scarious^ usually 
 interfoliar connate ; flowers^ axillary solitary, or crowded in stipules 
 of short capituliform terminal spikes or racemes ; bracts or upper 
 leaves often enlarged involucrant ; bractlets narrow persistent, 
 inserted on floral receptacle, closely appressed to calyx {Australia^). 
 
 258. Eutaxia E. Br.' — Calyx sub- 2 -labiate ; 2 superior lobes 
 connate into 1 horizontally truncate or more or less incised. Corolla 
 and stamens of Burtonia or Gastrolobium. Germen stipitate or sub- 
 sessile ; ovules 2 ; style slender incurved or uncinate ; apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Legume ovate compressed or turgid 2-valved. 
 Seeds 1, 2, reniform arUlate. — Shrubs, usually glabrous ; leaves 
 opposite simple, convex or concave ; stipules small ; flowers axillary, 
 solitary, or 8 or 4 together pedicellate on an axillary twig bearing a 
 leaf-bud at apex ; bracts small ; bractlets 2 inserted at a variable 
 height on pedice? {Amiralia^''). 
 
 ' This genus is in habit very near OxyloMiim, ' Yellow or reddish-purple variegated, 
 
 from which it differs in its 2-ovalate germen ; by ? Species about 75. IjAbiii.., Nouv.Soll., t. 
 
 this character it approaches PultencBa very closely, 130, 131. — Sm., in Trams. Linn. Soc, ix. 245. — 
 
 being separated by its habit and the absence of EtTDaB, in Trans. lAnn. Soc, xi. t. 23-25. — E. 
 
 bractlets just before anthesis. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 17. — Hook. 
 
 ^ Species about 30. Hook., loon., t. 612 v., Fl. Tasm., t. 13, 14. — Eeiohb., Icon. lExot,, 
 
 {Oxylobiwm): — Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 70. — Tfep., t. 192-196. — Bbnth., M. Austral., ii. 108. — 
 
 in Diet. Sc. Nat., Atl., 1. 176. — Limdi., Swan Bot. Beg., t. 378, 403, 1632, 1694.— 5o«. Mag., 
 
 Bio., t. 5 B.— Benth., in Arm. Wien. Mm., ii. t. 475, 967, 1394, 1588, 2081, 2086, 2091, 2859, 
 
 80; M. Austral, ii. 96.— LlKDl,. & Paxt., M. 3254, 3443. — Walp., Sep., i. 574; ii. 882; v. 
 
 Gard., ii. t. 85.— Bot. Beg., t. 411; (1847), t. 432; Am., ii. 311 (Urodon), 313; iv. 457. 
 
 ^.—Bot. Mag., t. 2212.— Waip., Arm., ii. 312; ^ i„ ^a. g;ort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 16.— DC, 
 
 iv. 456. Frod/r., ii. 109.— Endl.; Gen., .i. 6443.— B. H., 
 
 ' In Ann. of Bot., i. 502 ; in Trams. Limn. Gen., ill, n. 25. — Sclerothamnus R. Bb., loe. cit, 
 
 Soc, ix. 245.— DC, Frodr., ii. 110.— Endi., —DC, Prodr., ii. 109.— Endi., Gen., n. 6447. 
 
 Gen., n. 6446. — B. H., Gen., 470, n. 24. — Bart- ' This genus is perhaps to be reduced to a 
 
 lingia Ad. Be., in Ann. Sc Nat., s&. 1, x. 373. — section of Pulteruea, from which it differs in 
 
 ScHATJEE, Myrt. Xeroc, 22, t. 1 A. — Urodon habit and its bractlets removed from the flower. 
 
 TuEOZ., in Bull. Mosc. (1849), ii. 16. '" Species about 8. Labiii., Noun. Soil., t. 
 
 * R. Be., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iii. 17. — 140 (Dillim/nia). — Benth., in Ann. Wien. Mus., 
 
 DC, Protir., ii. 110.— Endl., Got., n. 6444. ii. 79; Fl. Austral., ii. 14S.—Bot. Mag., t. 
 
 s Benih., in Ann. Wien. Mus., ii. 80.— 1274.— Waip., Bep., i. 573; ii. 832; >■. 430; 
 
 Ehdl., Gen., n. 6445. Arm., i. 203 ; ii. 312. 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 259. Dillw^Tiia Sm.^ — Eeceptacle very concave, usually obconical 
 lined by a glandular disk. Calyx garaosepalons siib-2-labiate ; 2 
 superior lobes connate to a variable height, more rarely scarcely 
 distinct ; lower 3 of nearly same length, imbricate. Petals ungui- 
 culate. Standard broader than long, keel shorter than narrow wing, 
 straight or slightly incurved. Stamens 10, uniform or vexillary, 
 shorter and more slender. Germen shortly stipitate at bottom of 
 receptacle 2-ovulate ; ovules descending ; micropyle superior ex- 
 trorse ; style erect, uncinate recurved under capitate stigmatiferous 
 apex. Legume turgid or orbicular, 2-valved. Seeds 1, 2, arillate. 
 — Heath-like shrubs ; leaves alternate simple, linear or terete, arti- 
 culated at base, channelled above ; stipules 2, minute filiform cadu- 
 cous; flowers'" in terminal and axillary racemes or corymbs, 
 1-bracteate; bractlets 2, lateral at a variable height on pedicel 
 (Australia^). 
 
 260 ? Latrobea Meissn.* — Mowers nearly of Gasirolobium or Pul- 
 tencBa ; calyx subregular ebracteolate ribbed, subequally toothed or 
 lobed. Legume piano-compressed, ovate or lanceolate, 2-valved. 
 Seeds 1, 2, reniform arillate. — Heath-like shrubs ; branches usually 
 virgate. Leaves alternate simple linear, convex or channelled above ; 
 stipules minute or ; flowers' terminal, or in short spikes or racemes 
 on shortened floriferous twigs, axillary, solitary or subcapitate or 
 subcorymbose; bracts and bractlets small, distant from flower, caducous 
 or 0* {Australia'}. 
 
 X. SOPHOEEiE. 
 
 261. Sophora L. — Eeceptacle concave, lined by a glandular disk. 
 Calyx gamosepalous, often unequally cleft just before anthesis; 
 teeth 5, short before anthesis. CoroUa papilionaceous resupinate; 
 standard suborbicular or broadly obovate, longer or shorter than 
 
 ' In Aim. of Bot., i. 510 ; Mxot. Sot., t. 25, 24. — Leptocytisus Mbissn., in Plant. JPreiss. ii. 
 
 26 (nee Roth). — E. Be., in Ait. Sort. Eew., 211. ' 
 
 ed. 2, iii. 15.— DC, Prodr., ii. 108.— Endi., * " Yellow (or purplish ?)." 
 
 Gen., n. 644,1. — B. H., &en., 471, n. 26. « xhis genus is perhaps better reduced to a 
 
 2 Yellow or orange red. section of Pultenma, distinguished by the struc- 
 
 ' Species 10. Sweet, M. Austral., t. 28. — ture of its ebracteolate calyx. The calyx is 
 
 Laeili., Noim.-Holl., t. 139. — Benth., in Arm. shortly dentate in Leptocytisus. 
 
 Wien. Mm., ii. 78 ; M. Austral., ii. 146.— .Bo*. ^ Species 6. Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 140 
 
 Mag., t. 944 1527, 1545, 2247. Wam., Am., ii. 313. 
 
 * In PI. Preiss., ii. 219.— B. H., Gen., 471, n. 
 
LEQUMINOSM-PAPILIONAGH^. 357 
 
 keel ; wings obliquely oblong ; keel nearly straight oblong near its 
 petals, imbricated at back or valvately connate. Stamens 10, perigy- 
 nous, free or more rarely connate at very base ; anthers introrse, 
 2-rimose versatile. Grermen stipitate in bottom of receptacle ; ovules 
 oc , descending ; micropyle superior extrorse ; style incurved ; apex 
 minute stigmatiferous. Legume moniUform, terete or sHghtly com- 
 pressed, outside naked or longitudinally 4-winged {Edwardsia), woody 
 coriaceous or fleshy {Styphnolobium), indehiscent or rather late sub-2- 
 valved. Seeds oo, exarillate, albumen hard ; embryo fleshy ; cotyledons 
 thick ; radicle superior short, nearly straight, or more frequently in- 
 curved or inflexed. — Trees, shrubs, or rather perennial herbs ; leaves al- 
 ternate imparipinnate, leaflets few or oo ; stipels setaceous or more 
 frequently ; stipules small deciduous or 0; flowers in terminal simple 
 or branched racemes ; bracts and bractlets small or more rarely 
 {Warmer regions all over the world). See p. 222. 
 
 262. Gourliea Gill.' — Eeceptacle concave, glandular within. Calyx 
 gamosepalous ; lower teeth shorter ; two upper connate rather high. 
 Petals rather long-unguiculate ; standard orbicular spreading ; wings 
 obliquely obovate ; keel incurved obtuse, shorter than wings. Sta- 
 mens 10, free or more frequently unequally connate at base; anthers 
 small uniform. Germen sessile pluriovulate ; style incurved subulate, 
 at apex capitate stigmatiferous. Legume ovoid-globular subdrupa- 
 ceous, indehiscent; endocarp woody. Seeds few (1-3) reniform 
 thick exariUate ; embryo exalbuminous thick ; radicle incurved. — A 
 shrub ; twigs alternate spinescent ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, 
 small ; flowers^ small in short few-flowered racemes, often fascicled 
 at nodes on wood of branches ; bracts small caducous {Ewtratropical 
 South America^). 
 
 263. Ammodendron Fisch.^ — Calyx high-gamosepalous, lobes 5 
 subequal, 2 superior shortly connate. Petals stamens of SopJiora; 
 anthers versatile. Germen sessile 2- or pauci-ovulate ; style incurved 
 subulate; apex minutely capitate stigmatiferous. Legume linear- 
 
 1 In Sooh. Bot. Misc., iii. 207, t. 106.— ' Cms, in C. Qay Fl. CUl., ii. 218.— Walp., 
 
 Endi., Gen., n. 6746.— B. H., Qen., 555, n. Rep., i. 807 ; Ann., ii. 440. 
 
 272. * 111 I>C., Frodr., ii. 523. — Ekdi,., Gun,, u. 
 
 ^Gold-coloured, striate. 6739.— B. H,, Gen., 554, n. 270. 
 
358 NATTJBAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lanceolate piano-compressed ; apex more or less obtuse ; each suture 
 produced into a narrow longitudinal wing ; mesocarp thin suberous ; 
 endocarp membranous, 1 -seeded (more rarely 2-seeded). Seed oblong 
 exarillate ; albumen very scanty ; embryo fleshy ; cotyledons thick, 
 unequal at base, subauriculate inside, tapering outside ; radicle rather 
 long cylindical inflexed accumbent. — Shrubs, silvery-sUky aU over ; 
 leaves paripinnate ; leaflets 1-, 2-jugate exstipellate ; midrib pro- 
 longed to a variable distance beyond leaflets into a slender spine ; 
 stipules lateral small; flowers' small in terminal racemes; bracts 
 small caducous, bractlets {Bussian Asia'). 
 
 264. Ammothamnus Bge.' — Flowers nearly of Sophora ; stamens 
 free or some unequally connate at base ; anthers versatile. Legume 
 linear contorted, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds ovate ex- 
 arillate ; cotyledons thick ; radicle short incurved. — A small thinly 
 silky shrub ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, small exstipellate ; 
 stipules subulate ; flowers* in simple terminal racemes ; bracts 
 setaceous {Bussian Asia^). 
 
 265. Virgilia Lamk.* — Flowers of Sophora; base of calyx finally 
 intruded ; lobes 5, short unequal connate into 2 unequal lips. Petals 
 long-unguiculate ; keel incurved beaked. Stamens 1 free ; anthers 
 linear versatile. Germen sessile pauciovulate ; style incurved ; stigma 
 minute terminal. Legume piano-compressed coriaceous, densely 
 velvety outside, 2-valved ; margins thickened. Seeds unequally 
 ovate ; apex of funicle dilated into a rudimentary aril ; embryo 
 (green) albuminous; radicle incurved. — A tree; leaves alternate 
 imparipinnate ; leaflets small exstipellate ; stipules narrow caducous ; 
 flowers' in short terminal racemes ; bracts broad very caducous ; 
 bractlets {South Africa^). 
 
 266. Calpurnia E. Mey.' — Flowers of Sophora ; calyx with 5 
 
 ' "Violet." 98 (part.).— Enbl., Gen., n. 6741.-6. H., 
 
 ^ Species probably 1 (3 described). Paxi., Ge«., 554, u. 267. ? Piuk-purple. 
 
 Astragal., t. 91 (Sophora). — Ledeb., Icon., t. ^ Species 1. V. capensis Lame., loc. cit.— 
 
 107. — EiCHW., Fl. Casp. Cauc, t. 33. — Waip., Sims, in Sot. Mag., t. 1590. — DC, loc. eit, n. 
 
 Sep., i. 806. 1. — Hakt. & Sonb., M. Cap., ii. 266.— Sophora 
 
 " JEnvm. Slant. Lehman., 67, t. 12. — B. H., capensis BuEM., Fl. Cap. Prodr., 12. S. oro- 
 
 Gen., 555, n. 271. hoides Bero. — Sypocalyptus capensis Thtjnb., 
 
 •* White. Fl. Cap., 570. — Galega sericea /3 Lamk. — Soda- 
 
 ' Species 1. A. Lehmanni BaE., loc. cit. — lyria capensis Ande., Sot. Sepos., t. 347. 
 
 Walp., Ann., i. 256. ' Comm. SI. Afric. Awstr., 2. — Ehdl., Gen. 
 
 6 Lamk., ni., t. 326, fig. 2.— DC, Srodr., ii. u. 6740.— B. H., Gen., 554, n. 268. ' 
 
USGUMINOS^-FAPILIONAOEJE. 859 
 
 teeth or short broad lobes ; 2 superior more or less subconnate. 
 Standard suborbicular erect or subrecurved ; wings falcate oblong ; 
 keel incurved obtuse. Stamens 10, free; anthers versatile. Germen 
 stipitate oo-ovulate ; style incurved ; stigma minute terminal capi- 
 tate. Legume linear piano-compressed membranous indehiscent; 
 ventral suture narrowly winged. Seeds compressed, unequally ovate 
 or oblong, funiculate; embryo coloured albuminous. — Trees or 
 shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate j leaflets co, exstipellate ; stipules 
 small subulate, or minute ; flowers' in racemes axiUary or branched 
 at ends of branches ; bracts small ; bractlets 0'' {South Africa^). 
 
 267. Cladrastis Eafin.^ — Eeceptacle obliquely obconical, glandular 
 within ; mouth oblique, higher behind. Calyx gamosepalous ; teeth 
 unequal imbricate; 2 posterior connate higher valvate behind. 
 CoroUa elongated ; standard obovate-orbicular reflexed above middle ; 
 wings obliquely oblong ; petals of slightly incurved keel ; free 
 dorsally or united. Stamens 10, very shortly connate at base, 
 otherwise free ; anthers uniform versatile. Germen shortly stipitate, 
 pauci- or oo-ovulate; style tubular; apex subulate; stigma minute 
 terminal. Legume linear piano-compressed thin wingless ; scarcely 
 dehiscent; superior margin considerably thickened. Seeds oblong com- 
 pressed exarillate; embryo thick; radicle inflexed. — Trees; leaves alter- 
 nate imparipinnate; leaflets few rather large exstipellate; petiole 
 e^stipulate, dilated at base into a conical sheath completely covering 
 several superposed axillary buds; flowers* in slender branching termi- 
 nal, usually nutant, racemes ; bracts and bractlets (North America' 
 MantchooricH). 
 
 268. Castanospermum A. Cunn.^ — Flowers nearly of Sophora; 
 calyx large coloured ; teeth very short broad obtuse, or nearly absent. 
 Petals 4, inferior nearly equal to standard. Stamens 10 free; 
 
 ' Yellow. ^ Species 1. C. luiea. — C. tinctoria EAmf., 
 
 ^ This genus should hardly be separated from loo. cit. — Virgilia lutea MiCHX., Fl. Ari. Am., 
 
 266, t. 3 (78). — Delattn., Serb. Amat., t. 
 
 ^'Species about 6. Lamk., III., t. 326, fig. 197.— DC, Frock., ii. 98, n. 5. 
 1. — Deless., Icon. Sel., iii. 36, t. 59. — Wight, ' Species 1. C. amarensis. — MaacMa amu- 
 
 III, t. 78 (81). — Sm., JSxot. Sot, t. 37. — Haev. rensis Rupe. & Maxim., in SvXl. Acad. Fetersh., 
 
 & SoND., Fl. Ca/p., ii. 267. — Baxbe, in Oliw. Fl. ex Maxim., Frim. Fl. Amur., 87, t. 5. 
 Trof. Afr., ii. 253.— 5oi. Mag., t. 2617. » In SooTc. Bot. Misc., i. 244, t. 51, 52.— 
 
 < Nm. Gen. (1825) ; Neog., ex ToBB. & Ge., Ehm., Gen., n. 6745.— B. H., Gen., 556, n. 
 
 Fl. N. Amer., i. t. 390.— Ehdi., Gen., n. 6742.— 274 ? Viellardia MoNTEOTJZ., in Mem. Acad. 
 
 B. H., Gen., 554, n. 269. I^on, x. 196 (ex B. H.). 
 
 ' White. 
 
360 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 anthers linear versatile. Grermen long stipitate ; ovules cc ; style 
 incurved tapering towards apex ; rather obtuse stigmatiferous at very 
 point. Legume elongated subfalcate turgid thick-woody, within 
 spongy between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds large subglobose or ovoid ; 
 hilum linear ; embryo fleshy ; cotyledons thick plano-convex ; radicle 
 very short nearly straight or incurved. — A lofty tree ; leaves 
 imparipinnafce ; leaflets large coriaceous ; stipules (apparently) ; 
 flowers' in short racemes on last year's branches ; bracts small ; 
 bractlets {Subtropical Australia'). 
 
 269. Alexa M09.' — Eeceptacle cupuliform, disciferous within. 
 Calyx large coriaceous shortly sinuate-dentate, valvate (?). Corolla 
 subregular ; standard obovate emarginate or 2-lobed ; wing- and 
 keel-petals subsirailar free imbricate. Stamens 10, very perigynous 
 free ; anthers linear. Grermen excentric stipitate ; ovules 00 ; style 
 incurved pointed; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume large^ 
 elongated compressed woody, within continuous, 2-valved. Seeds 
 suborbicular compressed ; embryo fleshy ; radicle short straight. — A 
 lofty tree ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets large coriaceous ; flowers* in 
 latetal pendulous racemes at defoliated nodes ; bracts . . . . ? [Guiana^ 
 
 270. Ormosia Jacks.' — Eeceptacle cupulate, disciferous within. 
 Calyx gamosepalous ; 2 superior lobes longer and broader, usually 
 incurved ; prsefloration subvalvate or slightly imbricate. Petals free 
 unguiculate ; standard broadly suborbicular or cordate ; wings 
 obliquely obovate ; keel-petals subsimilar to wings, incurved, usually 
 imbricated behind. Stamens 1 0, free ; filaments articulated at base, 
 unequal ; anthers versatile or (in 1-3 stamens) wanting. Germ en 
 subsessile, ovules 2- go ; style slender ; apex involute ; stigma in- 
 trorse lateral. Legume oblong or elongated, more frequently short 
 and unequally obovate or subrhomboidal, compressed, or rather turgid 
 over seeds, thick-coriaceous continuous within, or spongy or septate 
 
 * Yellow or orange, * Species 1. A. Imperatricis. — Alexandra 
 ' Species 2. One is doubtful, from the islands Imperatricis Schomb. — Waip., Sep., v. 564. 
 
 of New Caledonia J the other is C. australe A. ' In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 360, t. 25-27. — 
 
 CtJNN., loc. cii. — Benth., Fl. Austral., ii. 275. DC, Prodr,, ii. 97. — EndJ;., Gen., n. 6747. — 
 
 3 In DC, Frodr., xiii. p. 2, 168. — B, H„ B. H., Gen., 556, u. 276.— ? Macrotropis DC. 
 
 Gen., 556, n. 275. — Alexandra SOHOMB., Prodr., ii. 98. — Ekdi., Gen., n. 6744. — ? TouU- 
 
 i)ssser«. (1845), 18, icon, (nee Bqe.). cMha Adans., Fam. des FL, ii. 326. — Lai/la 
 
 ■• A foot and a half in length. Hook. & Aen., Peecli. Voy. Bot., 183, 1. 38. 
 
 * Orange, 1 irge, 
 
LBGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOHM. 361 
 
 between seeds, 2-valved. Seeds 1- co, suborbicular obovate or oblong 
 rather thick shining (of one colour or two') cotyledons; radicle 
 short, straight. — Trees ; leaves impari- or subparipinnate ; leaflets 
 coriaceous, stipellate or more frequently exstipellate ; stipules small 
 or 0; flowers^ in usually branched axillary or terminal racemes; 
 bracts and bractlets small inserted on pedicel, or minute {America, 
 tro])ical Asi(f). 
 
 271. Pericopsis Thw.'' — Flowers of Ormosia ; ovary stipitate. 
 " Legume stipitate broadly linear piano-compressed coriaceous inde- 
 hiscent (?) ; both sutures marginate. Seeds much compressed, 
 broadly ovate or orbicular ; cotyledons obliquely cordate at base ; 
 radicle somewhat incurved towards larger auricle." — A tree ;' leaves 
 imparipinnate ; flowers* racemose in upper axils or in branched ter- 
 minal racemes; bracts and bractlets minute, very caducous {Ceylon^). 
 
 273. Bowdichia H. B. K.^ — Eeceptacle turbinate, disciferous 
 within. Calyx-teeth valvate or subimbricate. Corolla nearly of 
 Ormosia or Diplotropis. Stamens 10 very perigynous ; filaments 
 articulated at base free; anthers versatile uniform, 1 or 2 often 
 wanting. Grermen stipitate excentric ; ovules oo ; style slender in- 
 flexed at apex, stigma capitate. Legume (nearly of JDeguelia) oblong 
 linear piano-compressed membranous indehiscent ; placentary suture 
 narrowly winged. Seeds oo, oblong transverse ; cotyledons thick 
 plano-convex ; radicle short incurved. — Lofty trees ; leaves impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets oo, exstipellate ; stipules narrow caducous ; flowers" 
 in lax much branched terminal racemes ; bracts and bractlets small 
 {Tropical America^"). 
 
 273. Diplotropis Benth". — Eeceptacle turbinate, disciferous 
 
 • Testa smooth, scarlet or variably spotted ' Species 1. iP. Mooniana Thw., loc. cit. 
 
 with black. The genus only differs from Ormosia in its 
 
 ' White, lilac, or dark purple. legume and curved radicle. 
 
 ' Species about 18. Wioht, Icon., t. 245 ^ Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 376. — DC, Prodr., 
 
 (SopSora). — Wall., Fl. As. Mar., t. 125.— ii. 519.— Ehdl., G-en., n. 6749.— B. H„ Gen., 
 
 ■Benth., Fl. Monglcowg., 96 ; in Mart. Fl. Bras., 557, n. 219.— Selipira Mabt., Jleis., 787. — 
 
 Fapil., 315, t. 125, 126. — Walp., Sep., i. 807; CeUpira Pis., Srasil.,'JS. 
 ii. 903 (Macrotropis) ; v. 549 ; Ann., iv. 587. ° White or blue ; petals rather crisp at edges. 
 
 Plant. Zeyl., 413. — B. H., Gen., '" Species 1 or 2. Benth., in Ana. Wien. Mns., 
 
 556, n. 277. ii. 89 ; in Mwrt. Fl. Bras., Papil., 311, t. 123. 
 
 ' With habit of Ormosia. " In Ann. Wien. Mm., ii. 88. — Endl., Gen., 
 
 « Dark purple. n. 6748.— E. H., Gen., 557, n. 278. 
 
862 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 within; month oblique. Calyx-teeth or lobes unequal in length, sub- 
 valvate ; 2 superior higher connate longer recurved. Corolla nearly of 
 Ormosia ; petals flat rather thick or crisp corrugated {BihrachiorH) ; 
 standard naked or appendicular on both sides above claw ; wings 
 oblique; keel-petals valvate behind and slightly coherent, or free 
 subimbricate (Bidrackion). Stamens very perigynous unequal free. 
 Grermen sessile or shortly stipitate in bottom of receptacle ; ovules 
 2- c» ; style incurved ; stigma small terminal or oblique. Legume 
 ovate or oblong, compressed, coriaceous or woody, rather late 2-valved. 
 Seeds 1 or few, unequally ovate or suborbicular, compressed ; embryo 
 thick ; radicle straight short. — Trees ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets 
 coriaceous exstipellate ; stipules small, flowers^ racemose; simple 
 axillary to upper leaves or branched terminal ; bracts and bractlets 
 minute, below flower {Tropical America^). 
 
 274. Spirotropis Tul.^ — Calyx tubular, finally splitting unevenly ; 
 teeth 5, connate into two unequal lips ; superior lip 2-, inferior 3- 
 toothed. Petals shortly unguiculate ; standard obovate elliptical ; 
 wings oblong shorter than standard ; keel-petals subsimUar to wings, 
 finally convolute; stamens 10, free unequal; anthers linear-elon- 
 gated subbasifixed. Grermen subsessile ; ovules go ; obliquely de- 
 scending ; style slender ; apex minutely stigmatiferous. " Legume 
 oblong, acute at both ends, flat wingless. Seeds .... ?" — A tree ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets paucijugate coriaceous ; stipules fo- 
 liaceous ; flowers^ in much branched terminal racemes ; bracts small 
 caducous; bractlets minute, inserted on pedicel {Guiana^). 
 
 275. Monopteryx Spruce.' — Eeceptacle short concave. Calyx 
 deeply 5-lobed ; 3 inferior lobes minute connate (as in Coumarouna) 
 into a short 3-toothed lip ; 2 superior connate into a very large lip 
 plicate and including coroUa. Petals subsessile ; standard obovate ; 
 wings oblong ; keel-petals like wings, connate behind from base to 
 
 1 TtTL., in Arm. So. Nat, sir. 2, xx. 139 ; in Par. (an Aubl. ?, p. 322, not. 1 ; 323, not. 
 
 Arch. Mus., iv. 102, t. 7. 6). 
 
 ' Whitish or pink. ' Purple. 
 
 ' Species about 7. Benth., in Mart. Fl. ^ Species 1. 8. longifoUa. — S. Candollei 
 
 Bras., Fapil., 319^ t. 12V. — Walp., Rep., v. Tni., loo. cit. — Swartzia longifoUa DC, Mem, 
 
 550 (DibracUon). Legim., 406 ; Prodr., ii. 423, n. 10. 
 
 * In Arch. Mus., iv. 113. — B. H,, Oen., 557, ' Ex Bbhth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., 
 
 II. 2S0.—Vatairea SaO., mss., in herb. Mus. 307, t. 122.— B. H., Gen., 552, n. 261. 
 
LBGUMINOS^-PAPILIONACB^. 363 
 
 apex. Stamens 10, free ; anthers oblong uniform- Grermen stipitate ; 
 ovule 1, descending ; style short incurved ; stigma introrse lateral. 
 Legume .... ? — Tall trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaf- 
 lets coriaceous exstipellate ; stipules ....?; flowers in much, branched 
 terminal racemes ; bracts and bractlets small caducous' {North 
 Brazil). 
 
 276. Baphia Afzel.' — Eeceptacle very short; disk thin nearly 
 absent, or produced into a short ring round gynseceum. Calyx gamo- 
 sepalous subglobose or ovoid, valvate, very shortly 5-toothed at apex ; 
 finally splitting into 5 subequal strips, more frequently unequally 2- 
 cleffc on anthesis {Bracteolaria*) or spathaceous {Belairia'). Petals 
 subsessile ; standard orbicular or broadly elliptical ; wings oblique ; 
 keel slightly incurved obtuse. Stamens 10, subhypogynous or 
 slightly perigynous ; filaments free ; anthers uniform. Germen 
 subsessile ; ovules oo, more frequently few ; style incurved subulate ; 
 apex minute stigmatiferous; legume linear, lanceolate or falcate, 
 acute at both ends, piano-compressed coriaceous, continuous within 
 or slightly stuflTed, 2-valved. Seeds few, suborbicular or ovate ; 
 embryo fieshy ; radicle incurved. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate 
 1-foliolate ; stipules small ; flowers^ solitary or fascicled axillary, or 
 in short terminal, rarely branched, racemes ; bracts small caducous ; 
 bractlets large deciduous, or short inserted on top of pedicel and 
 persisting below flower {Tropical AfricdF). 
 
 277. Leucomphalus Benth.' — Flowers -aearlj o{ SapAia ; calyx 
 subglobose, cleft on anthesis. Stamens 10, free ; anthers linear longer 
 than filaments. Germen long stipitate ; ovules few. Legume long- 
 stipitate, falcate-ovate coriaceous rather turgid, continuous within, 
 2-valved. Seeds 1, 2, oblong; hilum lateral, enlarged into a thick 
 fungoid aril. — A shrub ; leaves 1-foliolate ; flowers' in terminal 
 
 • The habit is of Bipteryx, to which this genus Carpolobia Don (G.), Oeti. Sysi., i. 370 (part.).— 
 comes really very near, differing in its free Endl., Gen., ji. 5655. 
 
 stamens and its united 2 superior calyx-lobes. ^ White or yellow. 
 
 2 Species 2. Bbnth., loo. cit. ' Species about 8. Hook., Niger, 320. — 
 
 = In Zodd. Bot. Cab., iv. t. 367. — DC, Habv., Thes. Cwp., t. 20. — H. Bn., in Adan- 
 
 Froir., ii. 424. — Ekdl., G-en., n. 6812. — B. H., sonia, loe. cit., 213, 214. — Baker, in Oliv. Fl. 
 
 Gen., 553, u. 263. — H. Bn., in Adcmsonia, v\. Trap. Afr., ii. 247. — Walp., Sep., v. 565; 
 
 212. Ann., ii. 308. 
 
 * HOCHST., in Mora (1841), ii. 638. » Niger, 322, t. 31.— B. H., Gen., 553, n. 264. 
 5 Desvs., in Awn. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, ix. 406. — ' White. 
 
8"* NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 branching racemes; bracts and bractlets small (Western tropical 
 Africa^'). 
 
 278. Dalhousiea Wall.'' — Eeceptacle concave short. Calyx cam- 
 panulate ; teeth very short. Petals unequally-unguiculate ; standard 
 subsessile orbicular ; wings oblique ; keel erect oblique broader than 
 wings. Stamens 10, free; anthers uniform oblong. Germen sub- 
 sessile ; ovules few ; style incurved ; apex minute stigmatiferous. 
 Legume obliquely oblong, acute at both ends, compressed coriaceous- 
 woody, continuous within, 2-valved. Seeds 1-3, orbicular com- 
 pressed ; radicle short straight. — A shrub ; leaves 1-foliolate ; flowers^ 
 in axillary and terminal simple or branched racemes ; bracts minute 
 or altogether abortive ; stipules of bracts rather large, ovate or orbi- 
 cular, cordate at base, subpersistent, including flower {East Indies, 
 tropical Africa^). 
 
 279. Bowringia Champ.' — Calyx broadly bowl-shaped subcam- 
 panulate membranous ; teeth 5, short subequal. Corolla nearly of 
 Dalhousiea ; petals shortly unguiculate ; keel-petals subsimilar to 
 wings, a little longer, slightly connate behind. Stamens 10, free ; 
 anthers oblong uniform. Germen stipitate ; ovules oo ; style subu- 
 late ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate, ovoid or sub- 
 globose, turgid submembranous, 2-valved. Seeds possessing a large 
 bowl-shaped aril ; embryo fleshy radicle short straight. — A climbing 
 shrub; leaves alternate simple petiolate; stipules small; flowers* 
 in short lax axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets small {South of 
 ChindJ). 
 
 280. Panurea Spruce.' — Eeceptacle obconical, disciferous within. 
 Calyx oblique; lobes short, subvalvate or slightly imbricate; 2 
 superior valvate above, connate into a 9-toothed lip. Corolla and 
 stamens of Dalberc/ia ; anthers small subglobose, dehiscing by short 
 oblique clefts ; filaments quite free. Germen sessile ; ovules few ; 
 
 ' Species 1. L. capparideus Benth., lyria). — Wight, Joo»., t. 265. — Bbnth., in ^Mre. 
 
 loc. cit. — Hook., Icon., t. 784 — Bakee, in Wien. Mus., ii. 69. 
 
 OUv. Fl. Trap. Afr., ii. 252. — Waxp., Ann., i. * In Book. Joum., iv. 75. — B. H., Qen., 553, 
 
 257. n. 265. « White. 
 
 2 Cat. Serb. Jnd., n. 5339. — EuDl., Gen., n. ' Species 1. S. callicarpa Champ., loc. cit. — 
 6424. — B. H., Gen., 552, n. 262. Benth., Fl. Bongkong., 95. — Bakee, in OUv. 
 
 3 White. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii. 247. — Walp., Aim., iv. 585. 
 * RoXB., Fl. Coromand., iii. t. 259 {Poda- « Ex B. H., Gen., 554, 1002, n. 266. 
 
IjEGJIMIN08M-PATILI0NAGE2E. 365 
 
 style short thick bowed, inflexed ; apex obtuse capitate stigmatiferous. 
 Legume stipitate oblong-lanceolate acuminate, slightly compressed 
 2-valved. — A branching tree ; leaves alternate simple large coriaceous 
 penniveined, shortly petiolate ; stipules small subulate ; flowers' in 
 short axillary simple or branched racemes ; bracts and bractlets under 
 flower minute caducous {North Brazil^). 
 
 281. Ateleia M09. & Sesse.' — Calyx gamosepalous obconical, 
 horizontally truncate entire, or very shortly 5-toothed. Petal \, 
 vexillary, long-unguiculate ; limb broader subcucuUate, finally inflexed. 
 Stamens 10, subhypogynous, free or 1-adelphous at very base ; anthers 
 uniform subovate compressed. Germen stipitate; ovules 2 de- 
 scending ; stigma subsessile ovate bowed inflexed, on top of germen. 
 Legume stipitate, usually accompanied with unthickened persistent 
 calyx, much compressed subsamaroid inembranous, narrowly and 
 shortly winged at straight superior suture, indehiscent. Seed reni- 
 form compressed attached laterally ; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle 
 inflexed accumbent. — Unarmed trees or shrubs ; leaves imparipinnate 
 stipules minute or ; flowers'* in axiUary, simple or slightly 
 branched racemes ; bracts narrow, 1-flowered {Central America and 
 Antilles^). 
 
 282. Belairia A. Eich.^ — Eeceptacle obliquely-turbinate ; calyx 
 shortly 5-toothed. Petals acute erect ; standard trapeziform ; wings 
 and keel-petals subequal linear-lanceolate free. Stamens 10, free 
 exserted ; anthers uniform ovate. Germen stipitate ; ovules 2, 3 ; 
 style subulate incurved ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume stipi- 
 tate small oblong piano-compressed ; placentary suture marginate. 
 Seeds reniform compressed ; albumen membranous ; embryo fleshy ; 
 radicle incurved accumbent. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate paripinnate ; 
 leaflets smaU paucijugate ; stipules long-spinescent subulate ; flowers 
 pedicellate solitary or subfascicled at old nodes ; bracts caducous ; 
 bractlets small, persisting long [Cuba!). 
 
 ■ Small, ochrey-white. 57, fig. 1 {Pteroearpus). — A. Rich., Fl. Cub., t. 
 
 ' Species 1. F. longifoUa Spettob, ex 42 (Stvartsiia). — Geiseb., JPl. Wright., in Mem. 
 
 Benth., in 2Va«s. JUtm. Soc, xxv. 301, t. 35. Amer. Acad., viii. 180 ; Cat. PI. Cub., 80. 
 
 3 Ex DC, Mem. Legvm., 395, t. 57; Pro&r., « M. Cub., i. 511, t. 40.— B. H., Gen., 558, 
 
 ii. 419 {Pterocarpi sect. v.). — Benth., in Arm. d. 282. 
 
 Wiea. Mus., ii. 101. — Endl., 0-en., a. 6711. — ' Species 1. P. spinosa A. RiOH., he. cit. — 
 
 B. H., Gen., 558, n. 283. Geiseb., PI. Cub. Wright., in Mem. Amer. 
 
 * Whitish, small. Acad., viii. 179 j Cat. PI. Cub., 81, 284. 
 
 * Species 2 or 3. DC, Mem. Legum., 10, t. 
 
366 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 283. Sweetia Speeng.' — Eeceptacle obconical minute. Calyx sub- 
 campanulate ; lobes or teeth 5, subequal, valvate or slightly imbri- 
 cate. Corolla subregular; petals erect-spreading, long-tapering at 
 base, imbricate in aestivation ; uppermost (vexillary) often^ exterior,- 
 occasionally a little broader than rest. Stamens 10, slightly perigy- 
 nous, longer than petals ; filaments free inflexed in bud ; anthers 
 uniform. Grermen stipitate in bottom of receptacle ; ovules few 
 descending ; style slender ; apex minute or truncate. Legume ellip- 
 soid oval lanceolate or broadly linear, piano-compressed, coriaceous 
 or submembranous, sometimes obscurely subulate at apex, indehiscent. 
 Seeds 1 or few, compressed ; embryo exalbuminous ; cotyledons folia- 
 ceous or rather thick; radicle short straight, or longer incurved. — Treesj 
 leaves pari- or imparipinnate ; leaflets pauci- or oc -jugate; stipules 
 small or minute ; flowers' in compound racemes at ends of branches ; 
 pedicels short ; bracts and bractlets narrow, very caducous" {Tropical 
 South America^). 
 
 284. Myrocarpus Allem.^ — Eeceptacle obconical turbinate, dis- 
 ciferous within. Calyx membranous ; teeth 4, 5, short subequal or 
 slightly unequal ; or else superior connate. Petals 5, unguiculate 
 linear, long-narrowed at base subequal, variably imbricated.' Sta- 
 mens 10, inserted perigynously with petals, exserted filaments free ; 
 anthers small uniform versatile. Germen central stipitate ; ovules 
 few reniform ; style short, straight or incurved ; apex minute stig- 
 matiferous. Legume elongated much compressed, attenuated subu- 
 late at sutures, indehiscent ; pericarp somewhat turgid over seeds 
 stufied, with resiniferous cavities. Seeds 1 or few, elongated sub- 
 fusiform descending f embryo long cylindrical exalbuminous ; radicle 
 superior short straight. — Trees ; leaves imparipinnate, leaflets alter- 
 nate or opposite, with transparent dots, stipules small, flowers 
 racemose ; racemes slender, axillary or at ends of defoliated branches ; 
 
 ' iS^«i{., ii. iTl (nee DC). — B. H., Gew., 559, 1. Acosmium : calyx lobes shorter than tubej 
 
 n. 288. — Acosmium, Schott, in Spreng. Syst., radicle incurved. — 2. Leptolobium : calyx longer. 
 
 Cm: Post,, 406. — Endl., Gen., n. 6753. — Lep- radicle short straight. — 3. Mesitis (Voo.) : calyx 
 
 tolobium Voo.j in Linnaa, xi. 388. — Ekdl., Qen., of Lepiolobivm ; radicle of Acosmium. 
 
 11. 6751. — Thalesia Mabt., mss. (ex Ekdl.). ' Species about 10. Benth., in Jomrn. Linn. 
 
 2 But not always; hence this genus is as it Soc, viii. 261. — Waip., Rep., i. 808 j v. 550 j 
 
 were, through Sa/rhlya, intermediate between Ann., ii. 440 (Leptolohium). 
 
 Sophorece and CtBsalpinieee. ^ Aliem., Diss. (1847, 48), icon. — B. H., 
 
 •* Yellowish, sometimes small and recalls Gen., 559, a. 287. 
 
 those of many Mimoseee and of Leptolo- ' Small, white. 
 
 liwm. * Closely appressed to pericarp, and not easily 
 
 * The genus is divided into 3 sections, viz. ;— separable from it, though not altogether adherent. 
 
LEGUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 367 
 
 bracts small ; bractlets or minute inserted at superior articulation 
 of pedicel {Brazil^). 
 
 285. Myrospermum Jacq." — Eeceptacle long obconical incurved, 
 disciferous within ; moutb oblique. Calyx gamosepalous subcampa- 
 nulate ; teeth 5 very short broad obtuse, with resinous ribs ; prse- 
 floration . . . . ? Corolla papilionaceous ; standard broadly obovate, 
 much involute completely surrounding other petals, finally expanded ; 
 wings and keel-petals subsimilar to one another, shorter, narrower 
 sublanceolate acuminate. Stamens 10, free; filaments much elon- 
 gated exserted persistent ; anthers small ovate ; connective bearing 
 an oblong gland behind below apex. Germen stipitate compressed ; 
 ovules 2-00 , obliquely descending anatropous ; style suberect subu- 
 late; apex not thickened, stigmatiferous. Legume surrounded at 
 base by persistent receptacle calyx and filaments, long-stipitate, much 
 compressed phyllode-like veined, below acuminate apex indurated in- 
 flated and excavated, 1-seeded, indehiscent, tapering for a long way 
 to base, unequally 2-winged ; superior wing a little broader than 
 inferior. Seeds descending oblong compressed ; cotyledons rather 
 fleshy, laterally unequally auriculate at base ; radicle superior short 
 incurved. — A tree or shrub f leaves alternate imparipinnate, leaflets 
 exstipeUate, sprinkled with pellucid round and shortly linear dots ; 
 stipules minute 3-angular caducous ; flowers in simple axiUary 
 racemes {Tropical and Central America and Antilles). 
 
 286. Toluifera L.* — Eeceptacle obliquely turbinate, lined by a 
 glandular disk. Calyx gamosepalous, entire, in bud valvate ; un- 
 equally dentate just at expansion. Petals very perigynous, unequal ; 
 standard broadly orbicular ; wings and keel-petals subsimilar to one 
 another, much smaller, narrowly lanceolate. Stamens 10, inserted 
 with petals, fllaments free or shortly connate at very base ; anthers 
 exserted uniform apiculate introrse 2-rimose, longer than very slender 
 
 ' Specieg 2 or 3. Ailbm., loe. oit. — Benth., H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 572, t. 570, 
 
 in JJimuBa, xxii. 526 {Xieptolohium).~WALF., 571. 
 A'm.,m.9S2. ■> Oen., n. 524 (1737).— J., Gen., 372.— 
 
 2 Stirp. Amer., 120, t. 174, fig. 34.— DC, Myroayylon L. r., Swppl. (1781), 34 (nee 
 
 Frocbr., ii. 94 (sect, i., Cahisia Bebt., excl. sect. Poest.). — DC, Frodr., ii. 95 (Myrospermi sect. 
 
 ii.).— Endl., Gen., n. 6736 a.— B. H., Gen., 558, ii.).— A. KiCH., in Ann. So. Nat., &6c. 1, ii. 168.— 
 
 n. 285. Endl., Gen., n. 6736 (part.).— B. H., Gen., 558, 
 
 ^ Species 1, M.frutescens Jacq., loo. cit.— n. 286. 
 
368 NATUBAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 filament. Germen excentric, long-stipitate on posterior wall of 
 receptacle ; ovules 1, 2, descending ; style short incurved ; apex minute 
 stigmatiferous. Legume stipitate thickened and indurated at apex, 
 taperiug below on either side into a long wing ; posterior wing 
 broader than anterior ; pericarp indehiscent, containing balsamic 
 cavities round seed. Seed 1 , descending subreniform ; testa thin ; 
 embryo thick ; cotyledons plano-convex or more or less subruminate; 
 radicle short incurved. — Balsamiferous trees ; leaves alternate im- 
 paripinnate ; leaflets exstipellate, sprinkled with round and shortly 
 linear pellucid dots ; flowers' racemose ; racemes simple axillary, or 
 simple compound, or fascicled at ends of branches ; bracts minute 
 rigid ; pedicels articulated at base j bractlets inserted at a variable 
 height on pedicels, minute or [South America^'). 
 
 287 ? Ferreirea Allem.' — Calyx membranous subpetaloid trun- 
 cate ; teeth obsolete. Standard broadly suborbicular reflexed ; 4 
 inferior petals subsimilar free narrowly oblong. Stamens free, 
 slightly shorter than petals ; anthers uniform ovate. Germen shortly 
 stipitate 1 -ovulate; apex produced into a membranous transversely 
 veined wing thickened behind, indehiscent. Seeds oblong subreni- 
 form compressed ; testa membranous ; cotyledons not thick ; radicle 
 incurved. — A tall tree ; leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets oo, small ex- 
 stipellate ; flowers" racemose ; racemes slender panicled at end of 
 branches; bracts and bractlets small very caducous"* {Brazil). 
 
 288? Camoensia Welw." — Calyx (receptacle?) campanulate or 
 very long ; lobes 5, imbricate. Corolla papilionaceous ; petals un- 
 guiculate corrugated ; standard broadly orbicular ; wings and keel- 
 petals ovate or cuneate, free. Stamens 10, free ; anthers uniform 
 versatile. Germen stipitate ; ovules oc ; style filiform, involute in 
 bud ; stigma terminal small or capitate. Legume broadly linear 
 piano-compressed thick-coriaceous 2-valved. Seeds obovate trans- 
 
 ' Whitish. 3 In Trah. Soc. Velloz., 26, icon.— B. H., 
 
 ' As many as 6 species have heen described, Gen., 558, n. 284. 
 
 but there are probably only 2 or 3 variable. * " Small, yellow." 
 
 Lamk., Die*., iv. 191; Suppl., iii. 708 j III., t. ^ '• A. genus nearly resembling Tipiiana in 
 
 341, fig. 2 (Myrospermum). — H. B. K., Nov. leaves and legume, but in flowers nearly akin to 
 
 Gen. et Spec, vi. 374. — Kl., in Bayne Arzen., Bomdiclda and Myrospermum (or Tolwifera) 
 
 xiv. 1. 11, 12.— A. EiCH., Fl. Cub., i. 166, t. 38.— (Benth.). 
 
 Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Fapil, 310. — « Ex B. H., Gen., 557, 1002, n. 281. 
 Walp., Sep., J. 805. 
 
LEaUMlNOS^-PAPILIONACEJJl. 369 
 
 verse compressed; embryo exalbuminous, radicle short straight. — 
 Climbing shrubs ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; leaflets petiolulate ; 
 flowers' large coriaceous in simple racemes at superior axils ; bracts 
 and bractlets short caducous {Vest of tropical Africa\ 
 
 XI. TOUNATE^. 
 
 289. Tounatea Attbl. — Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely poly- 
 gamous; receptacle minute, convex or slightly concave, disciferous. 
 Calyx before anthesis entire, globose or obovoidal, at anthesis bursting 
 variably sometimes open cup -shaped unequally toothed, circumscissile 
 from base {Cyathostegid), sometimes reflexed, unequally 2-, 8-vaived 
 [Trischidium), often coriaceous or submembranous, irregularly 4valved 
 {Eutounatea, Possira), occasionally herbaceous subreflexed, unequally 
 lobed {Mstuloides). Petals 0, or more frequently 1 vexillary, broad 
 corrugated, more rarely accompanied by two lateral minute. Stamens 
 subhypogynous or hypogynous, free or shortly connate at base; anthers 
 uniform linear [Trischidium, Cyathostegid), or ovate or subglobular 
 {Eutounatea), or anterior few or more, longer and thicker {Fistuloides, 
 Possira) ; filaments longer equal. Carpels 1, more rarely 2. Germen 
 stipitate usually incurved ; ovules oo ; style tapering ; stigma terminal 
 minute or capitate. Legume ovoid or elongated, subterete long 
 (Fistuloides') or turgid, coriaceous or fleshy, rarely full of gummy 
 lacunae, indehiscent or 2-valved. Seeds arillate or exarillate, albu- 
 minous or exalbuminous ; embryo fleshy ; radicle short inflexed. — 
 Unarmed trees ; leaves alternate imparipinnate or 1-foliolate ; sti- 
 pule minute or more rarely foliaceous ; flowers solitary pedunculate 
 axillary or lateral, or usually racemose ; racemes solitary or fascicled 
 at old nodes, rarely branching axillary or on leafless twigs. Bracts 
 and bractlets small, usually caducous {Tropical America and Africa). 
 Seep. 225. 
 
 290. Aldina Endl.' — Flowers subregular; receptacle obconical 
 turbinate, lined by a thick disk. Calyx gamosepalous, entire in bud, 
 on anthesis valvate, unequally-partite. Petals 5, 6, subequal erect 
 
 ' Handsome, in one species (C. maxima ^ G-en., n. 6915. — B. H., Oen., 660, n. 293. — 
 
 Benth.) gigantic. AUama Bbnth., in Hook. Joam., ii. 91 (neo 
 
 ' Species 2. Bknth., in Trans. Linn. Soc, EndI/.). 
 xxT. 301, t. 36.— Baeee, in OUv. Fl. Trop.Afr., 
 ii. 251. 
 
 VOL. II. B B 
 
370 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS: 
 
 variably imbricated ; highest usually outside, often a little broader 
 than rest. Stamens 10, very perigynous ; filaments free; anthers 
 uniform linear-acuminate versatile 2-rimose. Germen central stipi- 
 tate ; ovules oo, more frequently few ; style short subulate incurved ; 
 apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume subdrupaceous thick, 1 -seeded. 
 — Lofty unarmed trees ; leaves imparipinnate or 1-foliolate ; stipules 
 minute or ; flowers' in simple axillary or terminal branching 
 racemes ; bracts small caducous {East of Tropical America^). 
 
 291. ZoUernia Mart.' — Mowers subregular; receptacle minute 
 convex. Calyx gamosepalous, entire acuminate in bud, valvate, by 
 anthesis sometimes unequally cleft, finally reflexed or deciduous. 
 Petals 5, hypogynous imbricate ; vexillary a little broader external. 
 Stamens 10 (or 9-15); filaments hypogynous free short; anthers 
 uniform linear-acuminate, subbasifixed ; cells introrse 2-rimose. 
 Germen shortly stipitate ; ovules oo ; style short subulate ; apex 
 minutely and subobliquely stigmatiferous. Legume very shortly 
 stipitate, ovoid or subglobose, apiculate rather thick, 2-valved. 
 Seeds 1 or few, orbicular subulate or ovate ; embryo exalbuminous ; 
 cotyledons broad compressed ; radicle short inflexed. — Unarmed 
 trees or shrubs ; leaves simple shortly petiolate ; stipules rigid ; 
 flowers'" in terminal simple or more frequently branched racemes ; 
 bracts small caducous; bractlets minute inserted on pedicel 
 {Brazil"). 
 
 292 ? Exostylis Schott.^ — Flowers regular hermaphrodite or 
 polygamous ; receptacle elongated obconical turbinate, disciferous 
 within. Calyx perigynous gamosepalous, before anthesis subentire 
 at apex minutely 5-dentate valvate, by anthesis valvate 3-5-partite 
 and finally reflexed. Petals 5, perigynous subequal free ; sestivation 
 variable, sometimes . contorted, sometimes variably imbricated ; 
 highest often inside. Stamens 10; free subequal, inserted within 
 petals, to which 5 are opposite, the rest alternate ; filaments subu- 
 late ; anthers introrse affixed a little above base, apiculate 2-celled 
 
 ' Handsome, white. * " Yellow." 
 
 ' Species 4. Waip., Mejp., v. 565. ' Species 4. TuL., in Arch. Mm., iv. 190. 
 
 3 In Nov. Acta Nat. Cm., xiii. p. 13, t. C, Walp., ^ep., i. 841 ; v. 562. 
 
 D.— Endl., den., n. 6813.— B. H., ffera., 560, « In Spreng. St/st., Cur. Post., 406. — B. H., 
 
 n. 291.— Acidandra Maet., mss. (ex Endl.). — Q-en., 560, n. 292. — Xlxostyles Ehdi,., Atakt., 
 
 Coquebertia Ad. Be., in Ann. 8c. Nat., ser. 1, 26, t. 25; Qen., n. 6758. 
 XXX. 180 ; in Duperr. Voy., J3ot., t. 75. 
 
LEQUMINOSm-FAPILIONACTlM. 371 
 
 dehiscing longitudinally. Germen subcentral, free stipitate in 
 bottom of receptacle ; ovules oo, anatropous, 2-seriate ; style straight 
 elongated, at apex unthickened ostiolate stigmatiferous. Legume 
 obliquely ovate, compressed thick-coriaceous, 2-valved; sutures 
 thickened. "Seeds 1-3, ovate transverse compressed exarillate 
 exalbuminous ; cotyledons flat orbicular ; radicle short inflexed." — 
 Small unarmed shrubs ; leaves alternate imparipinnate ; leaflets 
 stipellate ; stipules small subulate ; caducous ; flowers^ in loose 
 axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets small subpersistent" {Brazil^). 
 
 293. Cordyla Lour.'' — Flowers almost those of Aldina, sipetalous ; 
 receptacle subcampannlate, lined by a disk;' calyx entire valvate 
 before anthesis, finally unequally 3-5-lobed. Stamens go ; filaments 
 free or connate close to base, much inflexed in bud, finally exserted ; 
 anthers short, inserted by upper part of back, glandular above insertion, 
 rimose introrse. Germen central raised on a long stalk ; ovules oc ; 
 style short subulate arched ; apex minute stigmatiferous. Legume 
 stipitate ovoid acuminate, pulpy within. Seeds co ; albumen thin ; 
 embryo fleshy; radicle inflexed. — Trees, unarmed; leaves impari- 
 pinnate ; leaflets cd, alternate ; stipules lanceolate caducous ; flowers' 
 in racemes fascicled at old nodes or more rarely axillary ; bracts and 
 bractlets small caducous' (Tropical AfriccF). 
 
 The genera we have just enumerated are classed according to the 
 rules laid down by Bentham. The order Papilionace<s is thus 
 divided into eleven secondary groups or series, whose general cha- 
 racters we can now repeat : — 
 
 I. ViciE^. — Flowers papilionaceous. Herbs with paripinnate 
 leaves ; midrib ending in a short bristle or more frequently trans- 
 formed into a tendrU ; leaflets often denticulate at the apex. Stamens 
 2-adelphous (9-1) or subadelphous. Pod bivalved (6 genera). 
 
 ' Pink or purple. Pees., Syn., ii. 260. — Cdlycandra Lepb., ex A. 
 
 2 A genus intermediate between FapilionacetB Rich., M. Seneg. Tent., i. 30, 232, t. 9. 
 and CcBsalpmieiB, which, perhaps, will be referred * Disk marked by thin longitudinal striae, 
 to SclerolobiecB by preference when the seed is ' White, scented. 
 
 better known. ' This genus is, no doubt, closely related to 
 
 3 Species 2. Waip., Hep., i. 845. Aldina. 
 
 * M. CocUnch., ed. Ulyssip. (1790), 411 (nee ^ Species 1 or 2. Kl., in Fef. Moss., Sot., 
 
 Bi.).— DC, FroOr., ii. 521.— Enm., Gen., n. t. 4. 
 6817. — B. H., &en., 562, n. 2%.— Cordelia 
 
 B B 2 
 
872 NATURAL EISTOEY OF PLANTS. 
 
 II. Phaseole^. — Flowers papilionaceous, in racemes or fascicleSj 
 usually axillary or lateral. Stamens and fruit as in Ficiea. Erect 
 or twining herbs ; rarely arborescent plants. Leaves pinnate, rarely 
 digitate, 3-foliolate, rarely 1-, 5-, or 7-foliolate, stipellate (45 genera). 
 
 III. G-ALEGE^. — Herbs (not twining), trees, or shrubs (rarely 
 climbing). Leaves pinnate, rarely 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets usually 
 entire ; petiole not transformed into a tendril. Flowers in simple 
 or compound racemes or solitary. Stamens 2-adelplious (9-1), all 
 along, or only at the base, and 1-adelphous above. Pod bivalved, 
 or indehiscent and membranous or 1-2-seeded (55 genera). 
 
 IV". LoTEiE. — Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Leaves pinnate, 
 with 3-00 entire leaflets. Flowers solitary, or more frequently 
 forming a sort of capitulum or umbel ; peduncles axillary, or approxi- 
 mated at the ends of the branches. Stamens 1- or 2-adelphous ; 5 
 usually having their filaments dilated above (8 genera). 
 
 Y. Tkifolies. — Herbaceous or rarely frutescent plants. Leaves 
 pinnate, rarely digitate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets often denticulate. 
 Flowers solitary racemose or spicate; peduncles usually axillary. 
 Stamens 1- or 2-adelphous (6 genera). 
 
 VI. Hedysare^. — Characters of last four series ; fruit possessing 
 more or less distinct transverse articulations (49 genera). 
 
 VII. Dalbergie^. — Trees or shj-ubs. Leaves pinnate, rarely 
 1-3-foliolate. Inflorescence variable. Stamens 1- or 2-adelphous. 
 Fruit indehiscent, dry or partly fleshy, often few- or one-seeded 
 (26 genera). 
 
 VIIL Geniste.*!. — Herbs or shrubs, with simple or digitate 
 leaves. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes ; rarely solitary 
 or fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Stamens usually 1-adelphous 
 (41 genera). 
 
 IX. PoDALYRiE^. — Shrubs or rarely herbaceous plants. Leaves 
 as in Genistece. Stamens free (26 genera). 
 
 X. SoPHOREyE. — Trees or shrubs, rarely subherbaceous plants. 
 Flowers and free stamens of Podalyriece. Leaves usually pinnate 
 (28 genera). 
 
 XI. TouNATE^. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate j leaflets oo, 
 rarely 1-3. Calyx closed valvate entire before anthesis. Stamens oo, 
 rarely subdefinite, free or nearly so (5 genera). 
 
 In this group, taken as a whole, there is no character absolutely 
 
LEGUMINOSM-TAPILIONACEM. 373 
 
 constant, or which can distinguish it absolutely from the two other 
 suborders of Leguminosee. It may, however, be said, speaking 
 generally, that PapiKonacecB are curverabryate Leguminosm with an 
 inflexed accumbent radicle, compound stipulate leaves, resupinate 
 flowers, a concave floral receptacle, a gamosepalous calyx, and an 
 irregular corolla, so arranged in aestivation that the vexillary petal 
 envelopes the lateral ones, which themselves overlap the pieces of 
 the keel. These peculiar characters of the corolla long ago led to 
 the name Papilionaceos [butterfly -like] being given to this group ; a 
 name found in most authors for a century before Todbnefort, by 
 which this author distinguished two of his classes (10-22), and 
 which Linnaeus adopted for the title of an order.' But E. Brown^ 
 was the first to point out clear limits to the group Papilionaceae in 
 the year 1814, and his limits have been, with slight modifications, 
 adopted by his successors.' 
 
 The 293 genera that we admit in this group, omitting for the 
 moment all reference to a few doubtful or very ill-known generic 
 types,'' comprise about 5300 species.* Twenty years ago only 48C0* 
 were admitted, though the number of species doing double duty was 
 then multiplied indefinitely. Hence we may not unfairly assume 
 that in some years, about 5500 distinct species of Papilionaceag will 
 have been described. It is impossible to lay down their exact geo- 
 graphical distribution, with the very insufficient figures we have at 
 present.' But it may be stated generally that they occur in all 
 countries, from the equator to those bordering on either pole. 
 
 ' Class. Plant. (1738), Ord. 55. — Fapilio- 574, t. 230 {Tounatea ? ?) ; — 8. MadacUa Endl., 
 
 nacecB and Lomentaceas (Prcel,, ed. GlES., 415). in Atm. Wien. Mus., i. 186 (nom.). 
 
 ° In Fliad. Tot/., ii. 551. ° Thus divided according to the present state 
 
 3 DC, Prodr., ii. (1825), 93-524. — Endi., of knowledge : ViciecB, 207 ; Phaseolece, 561 ; 
 
 &en., 1253, Ord. cclxxv. — LiNDL., Veg. Kingd. OalegecB, 1377 ; LotetB, 105 j TrifolieiB, 311 ; 
 
 (1846), 544 {Fahaceee). — B. H., Gen., 435, 437, Sedysarea, 618 ; Dalhergiece, 303 j Genistea, 
 
 465, 1001. 835 J Podahjriem, 415 ; Sophorem, 104 ; Tou- 
 
 * Viz. — 1. . Bradhwrya Rapin., I%. Lad., 104 natetB, 72. 
 (Galactia, ex Endl., Gen., n. 6653); — 2. Cra- ^ This is the number given by Lindlet (Veg. 
 
 jbrdia Kaput., ex DC, Prodr., ii. 522 (Tephro- Kingd., 556) in 1846, as the result of Ben- 
 
 sia ? ?) ; — 3. Malaparius MiQ., M. Ind.-Bat., i. tham's valuation, and is made up as follows : 
 
 p. 1, 1082 {Pterocarpm flama LoTTE., Fl. Coch., Podalyriece, 350 j Loteee, 3000 ; Medysarece, 
 
 ed. 1790, 431) J — 4. Placolobium Miq,., op. cit., 500; Phaseolece, 650; Balhergiea, 250; So- 
 
 1082; — 5. ChcBnolohiwm MlQ., op. cit., Suppl., phorew, 50. 
 
 i. 302 (a genus formed from fruit) ; — 6. Nothoo- ' See LllfDl;., Veg. Kingd., 546. — A. DC. 
 
 nestis MiQ., op. cit., Suppl., i. 530 ; Mus. hagd.- Geogr. Sot. Rais,, 433, 437, 503-512, 530-538, 
 
 Sat., iii. 88 {Leguminosa dub., ex Benth. ; Con- 837, 854, 1193-1233. 
 naracea, ex MiQ.) ; — 7. Singwna kvsL., Guian,, 
 
374 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Lotem, TrifoliecB, Genistece, and Viciecs are the groups which extend 
 furthest north and south, at least by some of their representatives. 
 DalhergiecB, Podalyriece, and Tounatceeee are almost exclusively plants 
 from hot climates. Sophorece, Hedysarem, Galegeee, and Phaseolece 
 spread far and wide through warm and temperate regions. 
 
 The various properties of Papilionaceae are so numerous, and 
 the number of useful species so large, that we shall often have to 
 refer the reader to special treatises' in the case of those that are of 
 minor importance and practical interest. The list of species used as 
 food by man and beast would alone fiU several pages. There are 
 many plants used as fodder, whose nutritive properties are easUy 
 explained by their richness in the nitrogenized principle, legumin, 
 or vegetable casein. We may mention the species and varieties of 
 Lupin,^ Lucerne-^ (figs. 174-179), Clover or Trefoil," Zote (fig. 168),^ 
 Vetchling,^ Vetch,' Birdsfoot,' and Sainfoin' (figs. 18J-183). The 
 nitrogenized principle is found accompanied by a quantity of starchy 
 or fatty matter, chiefly in the seeds of the divers kinds of Pea,'° 
 Chick-pea," Pigeon-pea/^ Bean, Tare, and Vetch," Kidney-bean," 
 Lentil,'* Lupin,'^ Bolichos^'' &c., in which the embryo is the essential 
 
 * Endi., ^BcJirid., 675. — DuoH., JJep., 256. — the fruit. (See pp. 276, 287, 304, ,305, and 
 LiNDL., Yeg. Eingd., 547.— GuiB., Drog. Simpl., Kosenth., op. cit., 1009, 1010.) 
 
 ed. 6, iii. 319. — Robenth., St^n. Plant. Diofphor., ' By the French word Sainfoin have been 
 
 980. designated the various species of Sedysarum, of 
 
 ^ See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des So. Med., which S. coronarinm L. is most cultivated in 
 
 s^r. 2, iii. 191. Prance, as well as Onoiryohis (Pr., Espa/rcette), 
 
 3 See H. Bn., loc. cit., 358. especially 0. sativa L. (the English Sainfoin). 
 
 * Trifolimn a/nense L., repens L., inca/rnatiim '" Pisum saiimm L. (figs. 143-147), hiflonim 
 L., sativum L., and a score more species are Rapin., ahyssinicum BEAtm, thebaicvm W., 
 especially used as artificial grasses. (See arvense L. P. maritimum L., is a Lathyrus. 
 KoSEHTH., op. cit., 992, 993.) '' Especially Cicer sativum and arietinum L. 
 
 * See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des So. Med., (^''■> Pois-chiehe, Tete-de-belier, Oarbance, &c.). 
 ser. 2, iii. 114. (See above, fig. 148.) 
 
 « Especially Lath/rus sativus J.., pratensis L., ^ 'ICc^amisindieusSsBSi^a.—C.Jlavm DC— 
 
 Ch/men«m L., &o. (See Rosbnth., op. cit., <^-^«>olorDC.—CytisusCajanL. 
 
 1007 1008.) Including the genera T icia, Faha, and 
 
 ,A ^ n • -rr. ■ j- t , most spBcles of J?n)»)w of anthors. (Rosenth., 
 
 ' Our held species are yicia sativa L., leueo- q„ ^^^ 1005-1007 ) 
 
 sperma Mcenoh, hybrida L., Utea I. sghatica u Especially P. vulgaris L. and P. Mnnqo L 
 
 L., Cracea J.., sepium L., angust^fol^a Roth, i^^^tus L., nanus L., and a dozen more edible 
 
 narhonensis L., &c. speeip^ (Rosenth., op. cit., 1018). 
 
 8 Among others OrnitTwpvs sativus. Besides >^ Dens esculenta M(enoh.— .Bnwm Lens L. 
 
 this we may cite as fodder plants Coronilla varia deer Dens W. 
 
 L., and JSmerus L., Piserrula (Pr., Salean), '« See H. Bn., in Diet. JEneycl. des Sc. Med., 
 
 Hippocrepis (Horseshoe-vetch j Pr., Fer-a- ser. 2, iii. 191. 
 
 cheval), Seorpiurus {Chenillon) and Seeurigera "? Including the Dablah (D. Dablab L. ; 
 
 {Eachette), all so remarkable for the form of Lablab vulgaris Sati). 
 
LEGUMIFOS^-PAPILIONACEM 375 
 
 edible part.' With these nutritive principles is often found asso- 
 ciated a deleterious acrid substance, sometimes narcotic, whose 
 powers are usually destroyed by heat. This is to a slight extent 
 the case with the fresh and raw ripe seeds of most Peas, Beans, 
 Kidney-beans, &c. Thus it is that those of Lathyrus Aphacd will 
 produce headache and drowsiness. Those of the " Liquorice-vine" 
 (Fr., Liane-BS^Kss^) and Anagyris fmtidct' are said to have this pro- 
 perty to a yet higher degree. Cases are known where grave accidents 
 have occurred through eating the seeds of several European kinds of 
 Broom and Laburnum. It is probably for a similar reason that the 
 flour of Eroum Brvilia^ when mixed with that of cereals, gives 
 bread a deleterious property. The seeds of several Leguminoscs are 
 used in fishing to poison the game, and the leaves and bark are often 
 preferred, as we shall see below; while the seeds of the Indigo, 
 plants are reputed as poisonous in warm countries. But this dan- 
 gerous quality is nowhere so strongly marked as in the famous 
 Calabar-bean," better known perhaps as Ordeal-bean (Fr., poison 
 d'epreuve), the seed of Physostigma venenosum,^ from tropical Africa. 
 The extract or the contained alkaloids* are well known as possessing 
 the peculiar power of contracting the pupil of the eye. In many 
 species the vegetative organs share these irritant or narcotic pro- 
 perties with the seeds. The leaves of many species of Cytisus, 
 Genista, Colutea, Coronilla, Bobinia, Clitoria, Indigo/era, Tephrosia, 
 Ononis, Anthyllis, Abrus, Lonchocarpus, &c., are irritant, purgative, 
 emetic,' sometimes even vesicant, as in Arthrolobium scorpioides. 
 The shoots of Sabine a florida are poisonous.'" In Australia cattle 
 have suffered from browsing on several species of Gompholobium or 
 
 ' The edible starchy matter accumulates ^ Or Chop Bean ; MsSri of the natives, 
 
 pretty often in the root^, as in our Orobus tube- ' Balk, in Travis. Soc. Edinb., xxii. 305. — 
 
 roms L. or Tuberous Bitter-vetch, Apioa tuberosa Hanbuey, in Pharm. Journ., ser. 2, iv. 559 ; v. 
 
 and Psoralea esculerda PuBSH, Fl. Bor.-Amer., 25. — Feaseb, On the Char., Act., &c., of the 
 
 ii. 275, t. 22 ; — DC, Prodr., ii. 219, n. 39, which ordeal Bean, of Calabar (thes. Mdinb., 1862). — 
 
 has been suggested as a succedanenm to the J. C. Lopez, Etude sw la Fhie de Calabar 
 
 potato, as also Pvberaria tuberosa, &c. (thSse de Paris, 1864). — Buchen, in Bot. Zeit. 
 
 ^ L., Spec, 1029. A species remarkable for (1863), n. 47. — '&&V., in Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr., 
 
 the almost constant abortion of the leaflets and x. 538. — G. Pl., in Guib., Drog. Simpl., ed. 6, 
 
 the corresponding great development of its leafy iii. 380. 
 
 stipules. ' Physostigmine and eserine (see VfiE, Beck., 
 
 ^ Abrus precatorim L., Si/st., 533. — Glycine Chim. et Phys., &c., th^se de Paris, 1865). 
 
 Abrm L., Spec, 1025. (See H. Bn., in Diet. ' Among others Genista purgans L. (Spec, 
 
 Fncycl. des So. Med., i. 205.) 999. — Spartimn pwrgans L., Sgst., 474) ; the 
 
 * This plant is also purgative. (See H. Bn., False Senna of Egypt (Tephrosia Apollinea DC, 
 
 in Diet. Mncycl. des So. Med., iv. 59.) Prodr., ii. 254, n. 51); the False Senna of Popayan 
 
 ' L., Spec, 1040.— FJeJa Ermlia W. (See {T. Setma H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 458). 
 
 LlNDl., Veg, Kingd., 548.) " Schomb., ex Lindi., Veg. Kingd., 548. 
 
376 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Burtonia. If the branches or foliage of certain TepJirosias {T. toxi- 
 caria, piscatoria, Vogelii^ &c.) are thrown into water-courses, they 
 poison the fish, acting on them, it is said, like Foxglove." The 
 application of the leaves of several Leguminos(j^ will cure sluggish 
 ulcers and chronic phlegmasise, owing probably to their counter- 
 irritant effect. The same is the case with many roots, such as the 
 Brooms, Beans, Kidney-vetch (Fr., Vulneraire), Eest-harrow, and 
 certain species of Tephrosia. The root of Clitoria Ternatea is used as 
 an evacuant in India. That of Phaseolus radiatus, P. muUiflorus, &c., 
 has in several cases proved poisonous. The decoction of the roots of 
 several Indigo/eras is a good vermifuge, and cures aphthse and obsti- 
 nate ulcers. The root-bark of Piscidia Eri/thrina* is used in fishing 
 in the Antilles, like Tephrosia elsewhere. In Andird" and Geofrcec^ 
 are drastic purgatives, emetics, and vermifuges, useful in medicine, 
 but in large doses poisons of unmistakeable strength. 
 
 Another leading property in Papilionaceee is astringency, which is 
 nothing remarkable, considering that most of the species are rich in 
 tannin.' Several of the kinos and catechus of commerce are furnished 
 by Dalhergiece, notably Hecastaphyllum monetarium, and above all by 
 the various species Pterocarpus. P. Draco, Marsupium, santalinus, 
 erinaceus, &c., produce kinos and gum-dragon or dragon's-blood.^ 
 Grum-Butea, a reddish substance of astringent tonic virtues, and 
 mainly used in preparing hides, is yielded by Butea frondosa and 
 superba in India.' Gum lac is also found on these Buteas, where its 
 formation is determined by the presence of certain insects of the 
 group Coccidce. It is perhaps the astringency ai Eachresta Horsfleldii^" 
 
 ' See H. Bn., in Adansonia, vi. 225. 6, ii. 137 ; iii. 345), it is Pterocarpus indicus 
 
 ^ LiNDL., op. cit., 549. which yields dragon's blood in Asia, and P. Draco 
 
 ^ Especially the genus Indigofera. or P. gummifer in America, chiefly in the Antilles, 
 
 ' See p. 326, note 3. but this drajzon's blood is rare in commerce. The 
 
 * See li. Bu., in Bid. JSnct/cl. des Sc. Med., same author {op. cit, iii. 425) mentions among 
 iv. 310, 688. the kinos the astringentjuiceofthe African species 
 
 * See GuiB., Drog. Simpl., ed. 6, iii. 331. P. erinaceus. Mukeay appears to have been the 
 ' TEfioui., Du tannin dams les Legumineuses first author to refer the origin of the astringent 
 
 (in Compt. Bend. Acad. Sc, Ix. 225 ; in Adan- gum of Grambia to this same species of Ptero- 
 
 sonia, vii. 113; in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, iv. 378). carpus. According to Koxbueqh and Rotle 
 
 In these memoirs it is shown that certain Legu- P. Marsupium furnishes great part of the kino 
 
 mimosce possess tannin-cells, while others- lack of India. 
 
 them. In the former the cells exist only in the ' See H. Bn., in Diet. Eneycl. des Sc. Med. 
 
 bark or the circumference of the pith, or in both xi. 334. 
 
 bark and pith. In certain species tannin occurs '" Benn., PL Javan. Rar., 148, t. 31. 
 
 even in the cells of the epidermis and the coUen- Andira ? Rorsfieldii Lesch., in Ann. Mus. xvi. 
 
 chyma. 481, t. 12. (See p. 323, note 6.) 
 8 According to Ouibocbt {Drag. Simpl., ed. 
 
, lEGUMINOSMPAPILIONAOEJS. 377 
 
 whicli makes it prized in Java as a remedy for stings and venomous 
 bites ; and similarly several species of Tephrosia, Indigofera, Pha- 
 seolus, Baptisia, Clitoria, &c., are prescribed as tonics in dyspepsia 
 and dysentery. The infusions of Butea and Cowhage {Mucuna 
 pruriens) are used for cholera in India. Other Papilionacece are 
 simply emollient, e.ff. Tenugreek (Fr., T'enugre&), whose flour is used 
 for poultices, like that of most seeds of Viciece and Fhaseolem, and 
 that of the roots of Pueraria tulerosa -^ this last is used in India in 
 the topical treatment of dislocations and inflammations of the joints, 
 in the same way as decoctions of Medick and Melilot. 
 
 There are moreover very many Papilionace<s, employed for most 
 variable reasons, whose properties do not appear to fall under any of 
 the above categories. Anthyllis Vulneraria^ Hermannia* and montane^ 
 are vulnerary; the Eest-harrows are aperient; Geoffrcea furnishes 
 febrifuges ; and others furnish antisyphilites like the Alcornoques, the 
 barks of several American Bowdichias.^ Several Genistece and Indigo- 
 ferece have been recommended in hydropathies, epilepsy, and 
 other neuroses. Sesbania grandiflorcU and Ormocarpus sennoides are 
 tonics. Several Psoraleas are prized in India as stomachics and 
 deobstruents. The powder of Indigofera Anil is used in France, 
 in the treatment of hepatics. The Baptisias are considered anti- 
 septics.^ The roots of Anthyllis Hermanniee, and certain Brooms, 
 Beans, and Eest-harrows have been prescribed in Dropsy.' We are 
 ignorant of the reasons why several species of Astragalus, Sophora, 
 and Erythrina are supposed to be eflicacious in rheumatism ; why 
 Lonchocarpus is used in Africa in the treatment of abdominal com- 
 plaints in children ;" and why most multifarious medical virtues have 
 been ascribed to Borbonia, Priestleya, Crotalaria, Spartium, Viborgia, 
 Hymenocarpus, Borycnium, Lotus, Balea, Amorpha, Caragana, Coronilla, 
 
 ^ Trigonella.Fatmm grcecmn L., Spec, 1402. — Gen. et Spec, vi. 376 (see H. Bw., in Diet. 
 
 GjJETif., Fructi, t. 152, fig. 3.— DC, Frodr., ii. Mncycl. des Sc Med., x. 420). The Brazilian 
 
 182, n. 9. — GuiB., Drag. Simpl., ed. 6, iii. 378. alcomoque or sebipiraguaga of PisoN is pro- 
 
 * DC.j Frodr., ii. 240, n. 1. — Sed^sanim duced by -B. major Mabt., which probably 
 tuberomm BoxB. belongs to the same species (see Benth. in Mart. 
 
 ' L., Spec, 1012. — Vuhwraria rustica Lamk,, Fl. Bras., Papil., 31). 
 
 J"?. JV., ii. 649. — V. heterophyllaticsson, Meth., ^ See H. Bn., in Diet. Fncycl. des Sc. Med., 
 
 146. (See H. Bn., in Diet. Fiwyl. des Sc Med., ii. 133 (AaATi). 
 
 V. 305.) ^ See Bbntley, in Pharm. Journ., ser. 2, v. 
 
 ■* L., Spec, 1004. — Aspalathus creiica L., 210. 
 
 jSjpec, 1002. — Cytisus gnecus h., Spec.,Wi%. ' [An infusion of broom-tops in gin is a 
 
 * L., Spec, 1012. — Lamk., IU.,i. 615, fig. 5. favourite "old woman's cure" for dropsy in many 
 ^ The alcomoque bark of Equinoctial America parts of England.] 
 
 is that of BowdicMa virgiUoides H. B. K., Nov. '" Osani (see Adansoitia, vi. 320). 
 
378 NATURAL HISTOItY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Ornithopus, Besmodium, Centrosema, Canavcdia, Synchosia, Mittetia, 
 Beguelia, Virgilia, &c. ; and why Gdega officinalis {Uue des chevres, 
 Goat's-rueO has so long been used as a sudorific, vermifuge, and 
 alexipharmic. 
 
 Many Papilionacece aiford saccharine, gummy, and fatty matters ; 
 without mentioning the sugar developed under certain conditions in 
 the seeds of several ViciecB and Phaseolece which makes them so 
 agreeable as food, we may call attention to the sweet taste of the 
 various Liquorice-roots {racines de Beglisse^) used in medicine, and 
 especially those of Glycyrrhiza glabra (fig. 165), echinata, and glan- 
 duli/era,^ and of the Lianes a Beglisse (Liquorice-vines) which are 
 species of Abrus,^ of Trifolium alpinum, Astragalus glycyphyllus, &c. A 
 kind of manna is secreted by the species of Alhagi, and notably by 
 the Camel's Thorn {A. Maurorum), at least in certain countries.' 
 The Arabs call this manna Terem-jabim, and obtain it by merely 
 shaking the branches ;" it is used for the food of man and still more 
 of cattle, of which it is in certain cantons the only fodder during one 
 season in the year. The gum exuded from certain PapilionacetB is 
 gura-tragacanth ; it issues in plates, twisted sheets, or worm-like 
 masses from clefts in the stems of several eastern Astragals, especially 
 Astragalus verus^ (fig. 161), long supposed to be the only kind, and 
 A. gummifer Labill., creticus Lamk., aristatus W., and strobolifems 
 LiNDL.' It is the seed that usually contains oil in Papilionacece. Those 
 oiPhaseolets, Viciea, Galegea, and Hedysareee contain it in variable pro- 
 portions. But those more used are the Earth-nuts or Ground-nuts 
 {Pistaches de terre), the seeds of Arachis hypogea* which ripen under- 
 ground, like those of the Munduli {Voandzeia subterranean); both 
 these plants are cultivated on this account in most hot countries. 
 
 Many members of this order furnish colouring matters. First 
 
 • L., Sfec, 1063.— DC, :Proe.r., ii. 248.— ff. ^ Persia and Bokhara. It is said that the 
 vulgaris Blackw. secretion does not take place in Egypt and India. 
 
 2 GuiB., op. eit.,edi. 6, iii. 325. The trae « Oliv., Toy., iii. t. 44. — DC, Prodr., ii. 296, 
 
 officinal Liquorice is CHycyrrhiza glabra L. n. 144. 
 
 (Spec, 1046 ; — &. Icevis Palt,. ; — lAqmritia ' See H. Bn., in IDict. Mncycl. des So. Med., 
 
 officinalis Mcench). Russian Liquorice is G. vii. 1. 
 
 echinata L. {Spec, 1046 j— DC, Frodr., ii. ^ L., Spec, 1040.— DC, Frod/r., ii. 474. (See 
 
 248, n. 5). p. 215, figs. 184, 185).— Gttib., op. cit., iii. 383. — 
 
 '" Waidst. & EiT., Fl. Simg., i. 20, t. 21.— Kosekth., Syn. Fl. Dia/ph.., 1011. — H. Bn., in 
 
 DC, Frodr., loc. cit., u. 2. — G. hirsuta Pail. Diet. Uneycl. des Sc. Med., v. 773. 
 
 * See p. 375, note 3.— H. Bn., in Diet. ' Dup.^Th., Nov. Gen. Madag., 23. (See 
 Encycl. des Sc. Med., i. 206. above, p. 235, note 6.) 
 
. LEGUMINOSJB-PAPILIONAOE^. 379 
 
 come the Indigo plants/ of which a large number of species are 
 used in the preparation of Indigo blue, notably Indigofera tinctoria 
 Jj., Anil L., ctsruleea Eoxb., argentea L., hirsuta L. fil., glandulosa W., 
 &o. ; and from several Tephrosias, such as T. toxicaria Peus., ApoUinea 
 PC, cinerea Pers., tinctoria Pers.,^ is extracted a similar dye. In 
 England and Prance several Genistea are sometimes used for dyeing, 
 especially the Dyers' Green-weed (Fr., GenestroUe ; fig. 191). The 
 Butea flowers are rich in an orange colouring matter ; and the fruit- 
 pulp of Sophora japonicc^ is also used for dyeing yellow. In the 
 United States the wood of Cladrastis lutea^ serves the same purpose, 
 and the False or Wild Indigo {Baptista tinctoria^) is employed as a 
 succedaneum of true Indigo. 
 
 The wood of several Papilionaceous trees has its industrial value. 
 That of the False-Acacias° and the Laburnums' is pretty frequently 
 used in Europe. But lofty trees are rare except in the series Sopkorece 
 and Balbergiece. These furnish a large number of woods used for 
 building and ornament, being often remarkable for their grain and 
 colour, and hence prized by the cabinet-maker. The origin of many is 
 still very uncertain.^ The so-called " Angelin" woods' are probably all 
 produced by Andiras ; but some are so, most certainly. The wood of 
 A. inermis is hard, dark-red outside, and is found nearly all over 
 equinoctial America. The Angelin pedra of Brazil, no doubt an 
 Andira^ afibrds a highly prized wood. Several woods called moutouchi 
 wood in Gruiana are produced by species oi. Pterocarpus, such as 
 Moutouchia suberosa Aubl." P. santalinus is said to yield Bed 
 Sandal wood. The Sang-vene or blood-veined woods of Senegal are 
 those of P. erinaceus and Adansonia. That of P. dalbergioides of 
 India is also much esteemed.'" Those of the genus Balbergia itself 
 
 ' EosENTH., op. cit., 995. — Gtjib., op. cit.. The anatomical structure of the wood in the 
 
 ed. 6, iii. 480. arborescent PapilionacecB is so variable and often 
 
 ^ DC, Prodr., ii. 248-256. — Kosekth., op. so ill known that it is impossible to give any 
 
 cit., 999. general account thereof; it would need a special 
 
 ^ See p. 218, note 2, figs. 195, 196. study, one of the most interesting possible. 
 
 * See p. 359, note 7. ' See GniB., op. cit., ed. 6, iii. 355. We have 
 
 ^ See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des Sc. Med., seen (p. 157) that the racemose Angelin (^myeM» o 
 
 viii. 338. grappes) or so-called Andira racemom is a 
 
 ^ Mobima Fseudacacia L., Spec, 1043 (see Vouacapoua. 
 
 above, p. 203, fig. 159), U. viscosa Vent., R. '" A. spectaUlis? Saibanha, Config. . . . d. 
 
 Mspida L. (see DC, Prodr., ii. 261). All these PW»e. Mad., t. 3. 
 
 plants are perhaps only varieties of a single " Pterocarpus mberosns Pees., Syn., ii. 277. 
 
 species. Its wood is not tongh. 
 
 ' Cyiims aVpinus Mill., Lahwrmm L., &c. '^ GuiB., op. cit., ed. 6, iii. 342-345. Calia- 
 
 (p. 330, note 7). towr wood is also attributed to P. santalinus ; 
 
 ' Saqot, in Reme Mar. et Contm. (1869). Bar wood or Red Sandal wood of Africa to P. 
 
380 NATURAL EISTOHY OF PLANTS. 
 
 are often similarly useful. Sissoo wood is that of the Indian species 
 of this genus, of the same specific name. Senegal ebony is B. melan- 
 oxylon} A large number of hard coloured woods, very incorruptible, 
 from tropical America are produced by Balbergia or the neighbouring 
 genera Vatairea, Centrohbium, Cydolobium, Tipuana, Machcsrium, &c., 
 though it is impossible to refer each kind to its producing genus. 
 This is the case with the true Falissandre wood, or violet-ebony, and 
 probably the so-called Saint-Martin and Pre/b;?fc««e woods of Guiana. 
 In India the Balbergiai yield good woods, especially B. latifolia, 
 heteropliylla, and ferruginea ; but it is hardly possible to refer each 
 commercial kind to its proper species. Centrohbium tomentosum 
 Benth., of Gruiana, is also mentioned for the value of its wood. The 
 Gaiac of Guiana is not Guaiacum sanctum (of the order Zygophyllacece) 
 but Coumarouna odorata^ the Tonquin-bean Tree ; its hardness makes 
 it difiBcult to work. The members of Lonchocarpus often attain a 
 great height. The wood of L. sericeus from tropical America and 
 Asia, resembles that of the Lemon-tree. The " Coeur-dehors " (heart 
 outside) of Guiana, in which interlacing fibres form a heartwood 
 and alburnum of equal strength, is Biplotropis guianensis Benth. ; 
 the Boco is Bocoa provacensis.* The Cam-woods are produced by 
 several African Baphias} The Panacocco^ are due some to American 
 species of Ormosia or Baracaras, with a hard blackish heartwood ; 
 others to Tounatea or Swartzia (figs. 201, 302), of which several are 
 used in building, while some furnish arcabas ; these are the thin 
 projecting ribs removed from the trunk and termed bois-pagaye, on 
 account of certain of their uses. The Immmtelle or Erythrina wood 
 is of a weak spongy consistency, as also in certain Sesbanias and 
 notably in the species of ^schynomene, such as ^. asperaJ In this 
 aquatic species the stem becomes cellular and spongy, and very 
 light ; it is hence used to make light head-dresses, children's toys. 
 
 angolensis ; the Tender Red Sandal or Tender ■* AuBl., Ouian., Snppl., 33, t. 391. (See 
 
 Coral wood of the Antilles to F. Draco and above, p. 324, note 5, and GuiB., loc. cit., 353.) 
 
 ffummifer. ' ° Especially S. afrieana Afzei., B. lauri- 
 
 1 Bn/a Mberms P. Bk. is said to give the folia H. Bn., or M'pano of the Gaboon. (See 
 Ebony or Grenadilla wood of the Antilles. GiriB., loc. cit., 342. — H. Bif., in Adansonia, vi. 
 
 2 See G01B., loc. cit., 347.— Rosekih., op. 213.) 
 
 cit., 1025. " Gui^., loc. cit., 354. 
 
 3 AUBI., Chiim., iii. 740, t. 2,96.— Di^tert/x ' L., Spec, 1060.— DC, Prodr., ii. 320.—^. 
 odorata W., Spec, iii. 910. — Baryosma Tongo lagenojria LouE. (See Lupine, in Awn. Sc. 
 Gjeetn., Fruct, ii. t. 93. (See above, p. 218, Nat., ser. 4, xviii. 254.) 
 
 fig. 190; 322, note 5.) 
 
LEQUMINOS^-PAPILIONAOE^. 381 
 
 copies of monuments and works of art, &c. In these soft stemmed 
 plants the bark may become hard and covered with prickles like 
 those of the rose, which injure mechanically both man and beast. 
 The Erythrinas are used in hot countries to make impenetrable 
 hedges, owing to their terrible prickles. The prickles of the heathy 
 Furzes {Jjoncs^) are well known here as in France, like those of 
 many species of Bobinia, Genista, Erinacea, &c., due to the meta- 
 morphosis of leaves, branches, or some other organs. In Cowhage 
 (= Cow-itch? Fr., Pois pouilleux, Pois a gratter), i.e., Mucuna urens,^ 
 pruriens^ &c., the action is also mechanical, and due to the peculiar 
 hairs covering the pericarp. 
 
 Many of the fine woods due to Dalbergiem that are used in cabinet- 
 making are perfumed; such as Violet-ebony, Coumarouna, &c. In 
 this lastplantHhe scent is especially marked in the seed, used under 
 the name of Tonka- or Tonquin-bean (^ve de Tonka) and containing 
 coumarin. The same principle has been found in the Melilots/ The 
 smeU of Balsam of Tolu is very characteristic, it is found in all the 
 balsams used in medicine (especially for chest complaints) extracted 
 from the various species of Toluifera; i.e., the dry, soft, or liquid 
 balsams of Peru and Tolu, the brown balsam of Peru, white balsam 
 of San Salvador, and black of Peru and San Salvador. AU are 
 obtained by incisions from T. Balsamurd and other species to be 
 named : — T. pubescens, punctata, pedicellata, peruifera, Pereirce^ &c. 
 
 ' Tllex europ(Bus L., nantts Sm., OalUi Pi., balsamic plants, yield different products according 
 
 &c. (See DC, Frodr., ii. 144. — Pi., in Aim. to its place of growtli. Following the researches 
 
 8c. Nat., ser. 3, xi. 202.) of many authors, especially Guiboukt (op. cit,. 
 
 2 DC, Prodr., ii. 405, n. 1. — DoUchoa urens 470-480) and Hahbuby (in Fharm. Joum., ser. 
 
 L., Spec., 1020. 2, v. 241), we may ascribe the different balsams 
 
 ' DC, he. cit., n. 4. — SUzolohitim prwiens to their species as follows: — White balsam of Peru 
 
 Pees. The larger Pais a gratter (lit., Scratch- to Myroxylonperuiferwm (MuT. & L. rii., Siippl., 
 
 pea) or Cowhage is M. v/rens; the smaller is M. 233; — Myrospermum peruiferum DC, loc. cit., 
 
 pruriena (GiriB., op. cit., 381, 383). n. 3); black balsam of Pern to M. Pereira RoyiE, 
 
 ■* See p. 380, note 3. which should be the same species as M. Sonsonate 
 
 5 Melilottis officinalis W., lEmim., 190. — DC, Ki., and according to Hanbubt, M. pubescens 
 
 Prodr., ii. 186. M. arvensis W. serves the K. ; dry or soft balsam of Tolu to M. tohtiferum 
 
 same purposes (Gitib., op. cit,, 358, fig. 661). K. (TolmiferumbalsamumL.); dry balsam of Peru 
 
 •• Mill., Diet., n. 1 (part.). — L., Mat. Med., to M. permfemm Eniz. ; balsam of San Salvador 
 
 201. — Myroxyhm Tohdfera H. B. K., JVoii. Q-en. (wrongly called black or liquid balsam of Peru, 
 
 et Spec, vi. 375, — Myrospermmn tohtiferum since it does not come from Peru) to M. Pereirce 
 
 EiOH. (A.), in Arm. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, ii. 172. — RoTLE, which really grows in San Salvador. 
 
 DC, Prodr., ii. 95, n. 4. (See above, p. 225, There is, moreover, a white balsam of Sonsonate, 
 
 figs. 197-200 J 368, note 2.) which is obtained not by making incisions in the 
 
 ' The large number of species admitted into trunk, but by expressing the fruit, probably of 
 
 this genus appears to us to require reduction, and M. PereirtB. 
 the same species may here, as in other groups of 
 
382 NATJJBAL HIBTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Everyone knows the sweet scent of Fenugreek, of the flowers of the 
 Peas, Beans, Brooms, and a host of other Papilionacea which are the 
 ornament of our gardens. Besides the beautiful species of Lupinm, 
 Lathyrus, Phaseolus, Colutea, Robinia, Cytisus, Genista, Caragana, 
 Wistaria, Astragalus, Besmodium, Swainsona, Baptisia, Thermopsis, 
 Clianthtts, Indigofera, &c., which can be cultivated in the open air, our 
 temperate conservatories and winter gardens owe some of their finest 
 ornaments to the numerous shrubby Australian and Cape Genistece 
 and Bodalyriem, cultivated here since the beginning of the century 
 and belonging chiefly to the genera Bultencea, Chorizema, Oxylohium, 
 Viminaria, Gastrolohium, Baviesia, Bossima, Goodia, Templetonia, and 
 Mirbelia. 
 
IX. PROTEACE^. 
 
 I. EMBOTHEIUM SEEIES. 
 
 Embothrium^ (figs. 209-215) has hermaphrodite, slightly irregular 
 flowers (figs. 210, 211). On the receptacle or slightly dilated end 
 
 Embothrium {OreooalUs) grwadiflorwm. 
 
 Pig. 209.— Floi-iferons branch (i). 
 
 > FOEST., G-en., 15, t. 8, figs, g-m.— Lame., t. 55, fig. 2.— E. & Pav., Prod. Fl. Per. 
 Diet., ii. 354; Suppl.. ii. 548 (part.); III.. i. 62, t, 95, 96.— E. Be., in Trans. JUm. 
 
384 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 of the peduncle is obliquely inserted a simple coloured perianth' of 5 
 somewhat dissimilar leaves, whose edges touch below' to form a long 
 
 Emhoihrium {Oreocallis) grandiflormut 
 
 Fia. 214. Fig. 215. 
 Seed (f). Seed opened. 
 
 Fia. 210. 
 Flower (a). 
 
 Fia 211. Fia. 212. 
 
 Longitudinal section of Flower. Diagram. 
 
 Piff. 213. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Soc, X. 195.— Endi., Gen., n. 2152; Suppl., 
 iv. p. ii. 88. — MEiS3ir., in DC, Prod/r., xiv. 
 443. — Oreocallis R. Be., in Trans. Linn. Soc, 
 X. 48, 196. — Bndl., Gen., n. 2153. — Meissn., 
 Frodr., 445. — Catas J., ex EfflM. & ScH., 
 Si/st., iii. 431. 
 
 ' All authors are not agi'eed as to the mor- 
 phological signification of this perianth. Those 
 who compare It with that oi LoranthaeetB, Santa- 
 lacetB, Olaoacem, &a., consider it a corolla, con- 
 trary to those who side with JussiBF in taking it 
 as a calyx. Without denj-ing the analogies of 
 Proteacece with the ahove orders, we think that the 
 development of the perianth asobserved by Pateb 
 (Organog. Comp., 473, t. 97) indicates a corolla 
 rather than a calyx, for its leaves appear succes- 
 sively, not simultaneously as in Santalaoece, We 
 
 shall, however, avoid committing ourselves deci- 
 dedly on this point, and simply employ the terms 
 " perianth" and " leaves" {"folioles") in our 
 descriptions, 
 
 2 The dissimilarity is chiefly below, owing to 
 the obliquity of the receptacle. As this is cut 
 obliquely downwards and outwards, the anterior 
 leaves are naturally a little the longer. 
 
 '' They often remain united at the apex j while 
 about half-way up two separate from one another, 
 part of the style escaping through the cleft. Its 
 stigmatiferous apex remains long afterwards still 
 caught between the stamens and the parts of the 
 perianth on a level with the anthers. However, 
 even these parts finally separate, and the leaves 
 commence folding or bending back. This occurs 
 in a large number of the members of this order. 
 
PBOTEACEJE. 385 
 
 tube, while above their union forms a sort of ball. Later on the 
 four leaves separate, either all the way down or only for a variable 
 extent.' The androceum consists of four stamens superposed to the 
 perianth-leaves, and inserted in a sort of spoon-shaped cavity at the 
 top of each. Bach stamen is formed of an extremely short filament, 
 and a basifixed introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence. 
 The gynseceum is free ; it is composed of a one-celled ovary, sur- 
 mounted by a persistent slender style whose tip dilates into a head 
 of variable form, stigmatiferous along a vertical line or oblique 
 surface.'' On the posterior wall of the ovary-cell is found a longi- 
 tudinal placenta,^ whose two linear lips bear each a vertical row of 
 ovules. These are ascending anatropous," with their micropyles 
 downwards and outwards — i.e. towards the anterior aspect of the 
 flower. Their chalazal ends are already dilated, flattened, and imbri- 
 cated with the corresponding parts of the neighbouring ovules. At 
 the base of the ovary next to the placenta is a hypogynous disk, 
 forming a fleshy glandular crescent (figs. 211, 213). The fruit 
 (fig. 213) is a many-seeded follicle, oppning longitudinally when ripe 
 to free a number of imbricated ascending seeds, each of which 
 contains in the lower parts of its thin coats a fleshy exalbuminous 
 embryo, with its inferior radicle partly concealed by the descending 
 auricles of the two cotyledons. The seed is dilated above into a 
 long membranous wing' (figs. 214, 21 B). Embothrium consists of 
 unarmed trees and shrubs from the south of South America ; flve 
 species are known ;° they have simple alternate petiolate exstipulate 
 leaves, articulated at the base. The flowers, which form terminal 
 racemes, are in pairs on pedicels axillary to the alternate bracts of the 
 principal axis of the inflorescence. 
 
 ' This rim surroraidiDg the hase of the peri- ' The thin translucent wing is traversed hy 
 
 anth ia only a dilatation of the apex of the pe- fibrovascular bundles, which join those of the 
 
 duncle,whieh we shall find occurs in most members raphe, as well as of the cbalaza, and vary 
 
 of this order. in their course through the wing with the species. 
 
 2 This is the sole real difference between ^m- They form very capricious curves in the wing, 
 
 hothrvwm proper and OreocalUs, which has been according to the degree of deviation from their 
 
 made a distinct genus, and possesses an elliptical primitive direction they undergo during the de- 
 
 or shield-like stigmatic surface, more or less flat- velopment of the membranous chalazal appendage, 
 
 tened, or convex and oblique. But these diflTe- * L. F., Suppl., 128. — PoBBT., in Comm. 
 
 reuces can on no account be taken as generic cha- Soc. Reg. 6-att., ix. 24. — Cat., loon., i. 63, t. 
 
 racters, occurring as they do in various species of 65. — R. & Pat., Fl. Per., i. 62, t. 95, 96. — 
 
 other extremely natural genera. Lame., Diet., ii. 354. — Gat (C), Fl. Chil., v. 
 
 ' Corresponding as in Legummosa, to the in- 305. — Hook, p., Fl. Anta/rct., ii. 341. — Ki., in 
 
 terval between the two posterior leaves of the Linncea, x. 474 (OreocalUs). — Bot. Mag., t. 
 
 perianth. 4856. — Walp., Ann., i. 592 (OreocalUs). 
 
 * They have two coats. 
 
 VOL. II. C C 
 
386 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Next Emhotlmum come the three genera Telopea, Lomatia, and 
 Stenocarpus,^ which have, speaking generally, the same structure in 
 flower fruit and seed. But the first-named genus has terminal 
 inflorescences, forming short capituliform racemes surrounded by an 
 involucre of large colored bracts. The perianth often splits down 
 one side only, its limb then forming a four-cleft lip ; the disk consists 
 of a little subcircular glandular collar. Lomatia has with the same 
 perianth, a disk formed not of a single piece but of three glands, one 
 dorsal, the others lateral ; the flowers form racemes with involucres, 
 and the leaves are often pinnately toothed or laciniate. Stenocarpiis 
 has the flowers of Telopea or Lomatia, collected into umbels on a 
 common peduncle, which may be axillary, terminal, or seated on the 
 wood of the stem or branches. The follicle resembles that of 
 Emhotlirium externally ; but the embryoniferous part of the ascending 
 seeds is quite superior, the wing corresponding with the lower parts 
 of the seed. Excepting some American Lomatias, all these plants 
 come from Oceania, especially Australia. 
 
 Knightia has the characters of the preceding genera, but the 
 flowers are quite regular and the seeds are less numerous ; for each 
 cell only contains four ovules in two vertical rows. The seeds have 
 the same direction as in Embothrium ; their chalazal end is similarly 
 prolonged. This genus is Oceanian. 
 
 The two Australian types, Cardwellia and Barlingia, very near to 
 one another, form distinct genera which must be classed in this 
 series, because the anatropous ovules are numerous; but they are 
 inserted on a more or less bowed horse-shoe shaped placenta with its 
 concavity superior. 
 
 The genus BuckinffJiamia, of which only one species is known, also 
 Australian, has a pluriovulate ovary ; and as its other characters are 
 those of Grevillea, we are prevented from putting this last genus in 
 a series distinct from Embothrium. 
 
 Grevillea^ (figs. 216-224) has regular or irregular flowers.' In the 
 first case the receptacle forms an inverted right cone, towards the 
 
 ' Here as in PapilionacecE, and for the same Prot., 117 (uec R. Be.). — StyVwms Kir. & 
 
 reasons, the bibliography of each genus will be Salisb., op.cJ<.,115 (necRAirtf.). — AnadeniaU. 
 
 found at its place in the following Genera. Bb., loc. cit. 165, 374. — Eotjl., &en., n. 2142. 
 
 2 E. Bb., in Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 49, 168; Manglesia Endl., 6en., n. 2142'. 
 
 Frodr., 375 ; Suppl., 17. — Endl., Gen., n. 2143. " Which shows the slight value of genera based 
 
 — MbiSSN., Frodr., 349, 698. — H. Bk., in Adan- on this character. 
 sottia, i.\. fasc. 8. — Lysanthe Kn. & Saiisb., 
 
FEOTEAOHJE. 
 
 387 
 
 base of which the equal perianth-leaves are inserted all on a level. 
 But in the second case it is oblique, and more or less bevelled ; and 
 this it is which causes the inequality of the perianth-leaves. These 
 are sometimes collepted into a straight tube, more or less swollen in 
 the upper part, corresponding with the antliers; sometimes they 
 form a bowed revolute sheath; and two often separate from one 
 
 G-remllea ThelemaMniwim, 
 
 Fia. 216. 
 Floriferous branch. 
 
 Fig. 217. 
 (Flower f ) 
 
 Fi&. 218. 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 
 of flower. 
 
 another along the edges at a variable height, to give passage to part 
 of the style (fig. 228), while its stigmatiferous apex is retained be- 
 tween the stamens' and the closed summit of the perianth. The gyn- 
 seceum is inserted on the centre of the receptacle in those species in 
 which it is most slightly irregular ; but where the base of the flower is 
 very oblique, that of the pistil becomes similarly oblique, often for a 
 considerable extent.^ At the base of the foot of the ovary is a hypo- 
 gynous disk, annular, or more frequently forming a semicircular scale 
 or horseshoe on the placentary side of the gynseceum. The ovary 
 is unilocular, surmounted by a bowed or straight style; this is 
 very variably dilated towards the apex; and is surmounted by a 
 stigmatiferous head which may be straight or oblique, and convex, 
 
 ' According to R. Beown, and H. Mohl (in 
 Ann. So. Nat., ser. 2, iii. 314, the pollen is flat 
 and triangular, with three large papillae on the 
 angles. We have observed it in (?. gldbrata 
 Meissn., Prodr. 391, n. 170 {G-.Manglesii Hort.; 
 — Manglesia gldbrata Lindl., Swan Eiv., 37 ; 
 — M. ev,neata Endi.., Nov. Stirp. Dec., i. 25, not.) 
 (figs. 219-222), The grains have the same gene- 
 ral form as in OnagracecB, with somewhat thin 
 edges. On each of the three obtuse angles is a 
 sort of cap, where a pollen-tube is sometimes 
 
 produced very rapidly in contact with water. 
 The surface is smooth or very finely punctate, 
 sometimes prominent towards the centre of both 
 faces. There are grains of exceptional form, 
 quadrangular, or with the three angles unequal, 
 the smallest of the three sometimes disappearing 
 entirely. 
 
 ^ In this case the foot of the ovary appears 
 welded to one side of the perianth for a long way ; 
 but, it is really inserted along a very long un- 
 equally developed, narrowly -bevelled receptacle. 
 CC 2 
 
388 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 flat, or even concave on top. The ovary always contains two colla- 
 teral ascending ovules, more or less completely anatropous, with their 
 micropyles downwards and outwards." The fruit is coriaceous or 
 woody, entire or bivalved, one or two-seeded. When there are two 
 seeds they are collateral and unsymmetrical, more flattened on the 
 side by which each touches its fellow than on the other, or edged 
 
 O-revillea (Manglesia) glabrala. 
 
 Fia. 219. 
 
 Fia. 220. 
 
 Fig. 221. 
 
 Fia. 222. 
 
 Inflorescence. 
 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Perianth-leaf and 
 stamen. 
 
 Gynseceum (^). 
 
 at the junction of the two faces by a more or less prominent or 
 fleshy rim, or a wing which may encircle the whole seed. Within 
 the seed-coats is a large fleshy exalbuminous embryo, with its 
 radicle inferior. Grevillea consists of Oceanian trees and shrubs, 
 mostly natives of Australia. The leaves are alternate, usually per- 
 sistent, glabrous or covered with peculiar hairs,^ flat or cylindrical, 
 entire, or more or less incised. The flov\ers are but rarely solitary 
 or geminate in the axils of the upper leaves or at the end of the 
 branches. We find them far more frequently in axillary or terminal 
 simple or branched racemes. The flowers are usually paired in the 
 axil of each bract ; this is the case in about nine-tenths of the two 
 hundred known species f they are rarely solitary or fascicled. 
 
 Next to this genus come lialcea (fig. 225), difiering but very little ; 
 
 ' Tliey have two coats. 
 
 '■ Often of the kind termed pili medifixi (hairs 
 fixed by the middle). 
 '■' Ks. & Sahsb., Prot., 120. — R. Bb., in 
 
 Sttirt lExp. App., 28. — Gattdich., in Voy.Frey. 
 cin., Sot., 443, t. 46. — A. CuNif., in Field N. S.- 
 Wal., 328. — IjINDl., in Mitch. Exp. Fast Aus- 
 tral. (1839) ; in Faxt, Ft. Gard., ii. u. 386 ; in 
 
PBOTEAOEJU. 
 
 389 
 
 Molloya, a doubtful and little-known genus; Orites ; Carnarvonia with 
 its digitate leaves ; and Xylomelum (fig. 226), possessing regular poly- 
 
 Orevillea Gcmdichcmdi. Halcea microphjlla. Xylomelum piriforme. 
 
 Fl9. 224.. 
 Mower. 
 
 Pig. 225. 
 Flower (f) 
 
 Fig. 226. 
 Open fruit. 
 
 Fio. 223. 
 Flower before libera- 
 tion of style. 
 
 gamous flowers, two anatropous ovules, and opposite leaves. Helicia, 
 though, very close to Xylomelum, differs in its fleshy indehiscent fruit. 
 Lambertia has regular flowers formed like those of certain Grevilleas ; 
 but it is distinguished by its two ovules being nearly orthotropous 
 descending, the micropyle still looking downwards ; and we may 
 remark that this is a constant character in the order, the causes of 
 which we have investigated elsewhere.' The micropyle is always 
 inferior, whether the ovules are ascending and more or less completely 
 anatropous, or orthotropous or nearly so, and consequently descend- 
 ing ; the base of the ovary is surrounded by four leaves, alternate with 
 the perianth-leaves. Boupala approaches Lambertia by its quite 
 orthotropous ovule; its fruit is a* follicle opening longitudinally. 
 Andripetalum has the flowers of Boupala with a slightly fleshy 
 drupaceous indehiscent fruit. Guevina has the same orthotropous 
 ovules, and a nearly dry indehiscent fruit ; but the flower is slightly 
 irregular, the perianth being inserted obliquely on the receptacle, with 
 the two anterior leaves attached lower down than the posterior pair. 
 
 Tram. Sort. Soc. (1852), 14; Swcm Eiv., 36.— 
 SoHLECHTL., in Ziimcea, xx. 586. — Hook., in 
 Mitch. Eacp. Trap. Austral., 341 ; in SooJc. 
 Jowm. (1852), 14. — Mbissn., in Lirmcea, xxvi. 
 354; in Hook. Journ. (1852), 185; (1855), IS; 
 in Fl. PreUs., i. 536 ; ii. 252.— Be. & Gb., in 
 Aim. So. Nat., ser. 5, iii. 199. — F. Muell., in 
 Trtma, Fhil. Soc. Vict., i, 21 ; in Litmma, xxvi. 
 
 355; PI. Bar. Melb. (1855), 50; Fragm. Phyt. 
 Austral., i. 135 ; iii. 145 ; iv. 84, 129, 176 ; v. 25, 
 90, 152 ; vi. 92, 205, 246.— Bknth. & P. Mtfeil., 
 Fl. Austr., V. 417.— 5o*. Mag., t. 1272, 2661, 
 3798, 5007. 
 
 ^ Memovre stir les Ovules des Proteacees, in 
 Adansonia, ix. 250. 
 
390 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 The same irregularity occurs in the disk, which is nearly or quite 
 absent behind, and is only represented by the two anterior glands.' 
 Finally Bellendena, whose flower becomes nearly regular, has no hypo- 
 gynous disk at all. Its ovules are orthotropous, descending, but 
 placed one above the other, or nearly so, and the dry indehiscent fruit 
 is surmounted by a sort of hook formed by the persistent base of 
 the style. 
 
 II. BANKSIA SERIES. 
 
 Sanksia^ {^gs. 227-231), has regular hermaphrodite flowers. The 
 perianth consists of four valvate leaves, free or united below. As 
 in all the preceding genera the four stamens are inserted on the 
 concavity near the summit of the perianth-leaves ; they are almost 
 reduced to their two-celled introrse anthers, which dehisce by two 
 longitudinal slits.' The gynaeceum, surmounted by four hypogynous 
 glands, consists of a sessile biovulate ovary surmounted by a long 
 slender style with a stigmatiferous apex. Next come the characters 
 which have led authors to make Banksia the type of a separate series 
 or tribe. The posterior parietal placenta bears two collateral ascending 
 subanatropous ovules, whose micropyles look downwards and outwards. 
 The fruit (figs. 230, 231) is compound ; the common axis of the inflo- 
 rescence becomes thick and woody so as to form a sort of cone or elon- 
 gated strobilus, bearing a large number of woody follicles, surrounded 
 by the remains of the flowers and half sunk in the substance of the 
 rachis. Each follicle, compressed and bivalve, opens by a usually trans- 
 verse or oblique cleft ; and is divided into two half-cells by a free bifid 
 
 ' Adenostephanus (Kl., in LimuBa, xv. 51; 228; in Aim. Sc. Nat., sir. 5, i. 344; in Nouv. 
 
 — Endl., Gen., n. 2149 ;' — Meissn., Prodr., Arch. Mm., iv. 10, t. 4), of which three species 
 
 436 ; — Euplassa Salise.; DiclcnecJceria Velloz., are known, all fromNew Caledonia. They have the 
 
 M. Flmnin., 1, t. 105; — Didymantlms Kl.), flowers of Ghievina, viith a perianth of oblique 
 
 whose fruit is unknown, should we think be placed insertion and a nearly semicircular anterior disk, 
 
 in the genus Guemna, of which it has the leaves The leaves are simple, as in And/ripetalum and 
 
 inflorescence and habit, besides its flowers being certain species of Rcmpala; but this last charac- 
 
 slightly irregular at the base. The disk, too, ter cannot be of generic value. The fruit is but 
 
 though described as surrounding the whole little known; probably indehiscent, as in (?«e»ma 
 
 base of the pistil, is not quite regular; It is cer- " L. E., Suffpl., 127 (neo Fobst., nee Beuce* 
 
 tainly wanting behind in the few species we have nee Domb., nee Kcen.) — Lamk., Diet. i. 368 — 
 
 been able to examine. Eight species of this ge- R. Be., in Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 202'- Prodr 
 
 BUS have been described from Brazil and Guiana. 391 ; Suppl., 34. Endl., G-en. u! 2157 ~ 
 
 (See Meissn., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Prot., 92, t. Meissn., Prod/r., 451. 
 
 34-36). But here perhaps should be the place for 3 R. Beown has described the pollen of several 
 
 Kermadecia (Bb. & Gb. in Mil. Soc. Sot., x. Banksias as consisting of elliptical grains. 
 
PBOTEAOEJE. 
 
 891 
 
 woody false dissepiment, formed by the union of the coats of the two 
 collateral seeds, thickened where in contact. The seeds are flattened, 
 surrounded by a wing of variable development ; and the central part, 
 containing an exalbuminous embryo, is half sunk in a cavity of the 
 false septum. Banksia consists of Australian and Tasmanian trees 
 
 Sanksia ericifolia. 
 
 Pia. 228. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 FlO. 227. 
 Floriferous branch (f) 
 
 Fig. 229. 
 
 Long, section 
 
 of flower. 
 
 and shrubs. Their leaves are alternate and verticillate, varying in 
 form, rigid and coriaceous, and usually dry. The blade is usually flat 
 with scarcely reflexed edges. But these edges are sometimes curled 
 downwards closely, so that the leaf becomes almost cylindrical, like 
 that of several species of Grevillea and Hakea. Their edges are 
 rarely quite entire ; the blade is commonly incised or pinnatifid. In 
 young plants the leaves are pretty frequently polymorphous. The 
 flowers form terminal or subaxillary spikes, often accompanied 
 by several approximated leaves at the base. The involucre when 
 
392 
 
 NATURAL mSTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Banksla serrata. 
 
 Sanksia littoralis. 
 
 Fig.. 230. 
 Fruit-beai'iug branch (|). 
 
 present, consists of only a small number of ap- 
 pendages, not closely imbricated as in Telopea, 
 Protea, &c. The flowers are geminate in tbe 
 axils of thick crowded bracts, and each flower 
 is moreover accompanied by a thinner narrower 
 bractlet. Some threescore species' of this 
 genus have been described, which with the 
 closely allied genera Dryandra and Hemiclidia 
 make up the whole of this series. 
 
 Fia. 231. 
 Fruit (I). 
 
 ' Cat., Icon., vi. 28, t. 542. — Labii.1,., Voy., i. 412, t. 23; 
 Nouv.Soll., i. 118. — W., Spec, i., 535. — Hopfmsg., Verz. 
 Nachi., ii. 64. — Diete., Gartenl., n. 150. — .Sm., N.Sull., i. 13 
 t. 4. — LlNBL., Swan. Miv., 34. — Leiim., PI. Preiss., i. 582,— 
 Meibsn., in Lehm. PI. Preiss., ii. 264; in Booh. Jowrn. (1852) 
 210; (1855), 118.— F. Mueli,., Fragm., iv. 107, 177.— Bbnth' 
 & F. MtTELL., M. Austr., v. 541. — Walp., Ann., iii. 333. 
 
PBOTEAOEJJl. 
 
 393 
 
 III. PEESOONIA SERIES. 
 
 Fersoonia salicina. 
 
 Persoonia' (fig. 232) has regular hermaphrodite flowers/ The 
 perianth consists of four valvate leaves, free or united below. The 
 androceum consists of four stamens 
 with introrse two-celled anthers, su- 
 perposed to the perianth-leaves. But 
 the filaments of these stamens are 
 distinct and free for a certain distance. 
 Eour hypogynous glands, alternate 
 with the perianth-leaves, surround the 
 base of the ovary, which is surmounted 
 by an exserted style with a truncate or 
 dilated stigmatiferous apex. In the 
 ceU are seen one or two^ descending 
 orthotropous ovules with the micro- 
 pyle inferior. The fruit is a berry or a drupe, with a thin stone 
 whose cell is divided by a false septum into two cavities, each of 
 which contains a seed in the di^permous fruits. Within the seed 
 coats is a fleshy exalburainous embryo.^ Fersoonia consists of trees 
 and shrubs, with usually alternate simple entire coriaceous leaves ; 
 the flowers* are axillary pedunculate, solitary or few together, rarely 
 forming terminal racemes, through the replacement of the leaves 
 of the branch by bracts. About seventy species' have been de- 
 scribed, all natives of Australia and New Zealand. 
 
 Next to Persoonia come five closely analogous genera : Symphyonema, 
 in which the ovaries are also indifferently uni- or biovulate ; and 
 Faurea, Brabejum, Cenarrhenes, and Agastachys, where the ovule is 
 
 Fia. 232. 
 Longitudinal section of flower (4). 
 
 ' Sm., in Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 215 ; Mxot. 
 Bot., ii. t. 83. — E. Bb., in Trans. lAnn. Soc, x. 
 160 ; Frodr., Zll ; Suppl. 12. — G>BTlTli., Fmct., 
 iii. 218, t. 220. — Endl., Qen., n. 2138.— Meissn., 
 FroAr., 329. — Fentadactylon Gjebtn., loc. eit. 
 — lAnkia Cat., Icon., iv. 61, t. 189 (nee 
 Pebs.). 
 
 ^ The number may vary in flowers on the same 
 plant, and even on the same branch. 
 
 3 There are often more than two cotyledons, as 
 R. Beown showed as early as 1830. 
 
 * Yellowish in colour. 
 
 * Pees., Si/n., i. 118. — Sm., JSxot. Sot., ii. 
 47, t. 83. — LabiM,., Nouv.-EoU., i. 33, t. 45. — 
 Gbah., in James. N. Phil. Joum. (1828), 177. 
 — Andb., Fot. Repos., t. 74, 77. — Hook., Icon., 
 t. 425. — A. CUKN., in Bot. Mag., t. 3513 ; in 
 Field N. South- Wat., 329. — Lindi., Swan Hiv., 
 35., n. 172, 174.— KiPP., in Book. Journ. (1855), 
 72. — Hook, p., in Soolc. Journ., vi. 283. — 
 Meissn., in Hook. Jowrn. (1852), 185; (1855), 
 71. — P.MuELl., Fragm., v. 37; vi. 220.— Benth. 
 & F. MuELi., FlAustr., v. 380.— Walp., Ami., 
 i. 590. 
 
394 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 always solitary. The ovule is always orthotropous in these genera, 
 of which the first and the two last are Oceanian, and the two others 
 natives of South Africa. 
 
 IV. FEANKLANDIA SERIES. 
 
 FranMandiafitcifolia. 
 
 This series only contains the 
 genns FranMandia} (fig. 233), the 
 only known species^ of which has 
 regular hermaphrodite flowers. 
 The long perianth is hypocrateri- 
 form or with a tubular base. The 
 limb expands into four acute lobes 
 induplicate in the bud ; and these 
 four leaves are free for about half- 
 way down the tube. There lie the 
 stamens, which adhere to the peri- 
 anth not only by their filaments 
 but also by nearly the whole length 
 of their introrse two-celled anthers; 
 these early dehisce by two lon- 
 gitudinal clefts.^ The gynseceum 
 consists of an ovary with a very 
 taper base. Not far from the sum- 
 mit of the ovary-cell is a single 
 descending orthotropous ovule ; 
 the slender style ends in a little 
 dilated stigmatiferous head, dilated, truncate, or even subconcave. 
 Around the ovary is a disk of four triangular tongues, alternate with 
 the perianth-leaves, and rising up around the gynseceum to form a sort 
 of 4-sided pyramidal roof, whose apex, traversed by the style, is divided 
 into its four pieces. The fruit is dry, dilated at the apex into a cupule 
 surrounded by hairs. It is protected by the persistent inferior part of 
 the perianth, and contains a seed whose fleshy embryo has very short 
 
 Pig. 233. 
 Longitudinal section of flower. 
 
 ' R. Be., in Trans. Litm. Soc, x. 48, 157 ; 
 Frodr., 370 j Gen. Bern, on, Sot, of Terr. 
 Austral., 604, t. 6 j Suppl., 11. — Endl., &en., n. 
 2134 ; Icomgr., t. 52. — Meissn., Prodr., 327. 
 
 ^ F. fucifoUa R. Bb., loc. cit. — Mbissit., in 
 
 Plant. Preiss., i. 530. — F. Muell., Fragm., vi. 
 223. — Benth. & F. MuBLL., Fl. Austr., v. 376. 
 [These authors add another species, F. triaris- 
 tata Benth., I. c] 
 
 3 The pollen is elliptical according to R.Beowit. 
 
PROTEAGBM. 395 
 
 superior cotyledons. Franklandia is an Australian shrub, glabrous, 
 but covered all over — ^branches, leaves and perianth — with glandu- 
 lar warty projections. The leaves are narrow cylindrical and filiform ; 
 deeply and dichotomously laciniate, the fine divisions resembling 
 branches. The flowers are alternate in lax racemes, each flower on a 
 short thick pedicel accompanied by one or two short bractlets. 
 
 V. PEOTEA SEEIES. 
 
 The flowers o^Protea} are regular and hermaphrodite. The perianth 
 consists of four valvate leaves, one of which separates from the rest 
 on anthesis so as to divide the perianth into two unequal lips. The 
 four anthers, each inserted in the concavity near the dilated summit 
 of a perianth-leaf, are two-celled introrse apiculate, of longitudinal 
 dehiscence.^ The ovary, surrounded by four hypogynous tongues or 
 scales, contains within its single cell an ascending more or less com- 
 pletely anatropous ovule, whose micropyle looks downwards and 
 outwards ; the persistent terminal style is straight or curved, with a 
 cylindrical or subulate, sometimes geniculate, stigmatiferous apex, 
 and is often flattened or dilated at the base. The dry indehiscent and 
 hairy fruit, surmounted by the withered style, contains an ascending 
 seed with a fleshy exalbuminous embryo. The genus Protea con- 
 sists of small trees or shrubs, whose leaves are alternate rigid 
 coriaceous, often entire. The flowers are collected at the ends 
 of the branches, or rarely on the sides of the branches or trunk, 
 into large capitula, with a globular hemispherical turbinate or 
 oblong receptacle.; The leaves become gradually transformed into 
 coriaceous imbricated bracts, usually coloured and forming an 
 involucre comparable to that of Composite, and still higher up 
 
 ' Protea L., Gen., ed. 1, n. 59. — J., Gen., 78. Bettoe, Abyss., v. 52. — CTirysodendron Vaiii., 
 
 — K. Be., in Trans. lAnn. Soc, x. 48, 74. — Sm., herb, (ex Meissn.). 
 
 Uxot. Sot., i. t. 44 ; ii. t. 81. — Endl., Gen., n. ^ EoBEET Bbown found tliat the pollen of 
 
 2123. — Meissn., Prodr., 230, 698. — Conocarpas P. acaulis and melUJlora consisted of flattened 
 
 BOEEH., ex Abans., Fam. des PL, ii. 284 (neo triangular grains like those of Grevillea (Trans. 
 
 G/EETN.). — Lepidoca/rpodendron Boeeh., Imgd.- lAnn. Soc, x. 31). But we may note that this 
 
 SaL, 35 (part.). — Scolymocephalus Heem. is not always the case in Bryandra, which in 
 
 Dendr., t. 9 (part.). — Vioncsa Neok., Mlem., n. other respects comes so near Protea. The pollen 
 
 187. — Erodendron Salisb., Par. Lond., 67, 70, grains of D./ormosa appeared to us ellipsoidal, 
 
 108. — Plewranthe Salisb., loc. cit. — Gagnedi smooth and moreover ahttle bowed longitudinally. 
 
396 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 into free or connate scales or palese, to which the flowers are 
 
 axillary. About threescore spe- 
 
 Protea cj/naroides. •' . i -i i i> 
 
 cies are known ;' inhabitants of 
 South and East Africa. 
 
 Leucadendron virgatum. 
 
 Pi&. 235. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Next to Protea come a pretty 
 large number of genera, of analo- 
 gous structure at bottom, which 
 mostly formed part of the genus 
 Protea at one time, and have 
 been, separated therefrom by 
 modern botanists. The charac- 
 ters in which they differ are 
 but of secondary importance, 
 viz. : — the arrangement of the 
 inflorescences, the form of the 
 perianth and its mode of dehis- 
 cence on anthesis, the diclinism 
 of the flowers, the form of the 
 stigma, the form and consis- 
 tency of the fruit. The genera 
 
 are, Leucospermum, Mimetes, Aulax, (?) DUobeia, Leucadendron (fig. 
 
 235), Nivenia, Sorocephalus, Serruria, PetropJdla, Isopogon, Spatalla, 
 
 and Adenanthus, some African, some Australian. 
 
 Fio. 234. 
 Floriferous branch. 
 
 ' L., Mamtiss., 190, 191. — Thunb., in Mem. 
 Ac.Feiersb. (1813-14), 548, t.Vl ; Phyt. Slmtt., 
 14; Dissert., n. 29, 36, 37, 49, 51, 52, 60 j Fl. 
 Cap., 130, 132, 137, 140, 507.— Lamk., Diet., v. 
 638 ; Suppl., IT. 555 (part.) ; III., t. 54, fig. 1, 3. 
 — W., /Spec, i. 522. — Samsb., Par. Land., 24. — 
 
 Ande., Mot. Mepos., 1. 132, 133, 144, 437. — Kl., 
 in Kraass Beitr., 140. — TiusCH.in J'foro(1842), 
 i. 285. — LiNDl., in Boi. Reg., t. lQ%Z.~Bot 
 Mag., t. 346, 649, 674, 697, 698, 770, 761, 796, 
 878, 881, 933, 1183, 1694, I7l3, 1717, 2065, 
 2439, 2447, 2720. 
 
PBOTBAOEJE. 
 
 397 
 
 VI. STIELINGIA SERIES. 
 
 SlirUngia abrotanoides. 
 
 Stirlinffia^ (fig. 236, 237) consists of Proteaceai witli regular her- 
 maphrodite flowers and syngenesious anthers. The perianth consists 
 of four leaves, free above and finally reflexed. 
 The stamens, inserted on the perianth, consist 
 of a free filament, and an introrse two-celled 
 anther. Each cell, opening broadly inwards on 
 each side, is united by its edges to the corres- 
 ponding cell of the neighbouring anther to form 
 a single cavity containing the pollen. On the 
 separation of the two half-cells belonging to 
 two different anthers, the pollen is freed. The 
 gynaeceum is composed of a one-celled ovary, 
 surmounted by a style which is dilated above 
 into a sort of concave stigmatiferous head. 
 Within the ovary is a single ascending ana- 
 tropous ovule, with its micropyle downwards and outwards. The 
 fruit is a hairy one-seeded nut. The genus Stirlingia 
 consists of some half-score species'' of shrubs from 
 Australia ; their leaves are alternate and repeatedly 
 incised into dichotomous filiform or flattened strips. 
 The flowers form capitula, which are solitary, or 
 more frequently in simple or ramified racemes. 
 This series also contains the genera Conospermum 
 and Synaphea, especially remarkable for their ir- 
 regular androceum and descending ovule. The confluence of the ad- 
 jacent anthers is the chief reason for placing them next to Stirlingia. 
 
 Conospermum^ (fig. 218) has regular or irregular hermaphrodite 
 flowers. The perianth is tubular, gamophyllous above; it then 
 expands into a limb of four equal or unequal lobes valvate in the 
 bud. When the lobes are unequal, the posterior one is largest and is 
 reflected into a sort of helmet (fig. 238), forming a sort of posterior 
 
 Fia. 236. 
 Flower (4). 
 
 Stvrlingia simplex. 
 
 Fia. 237. 
 Diagram. 
 
 ' Endi., Gen., n. 2133; Iconogr., t. 22. — 
 Meissn., Prodr., 325. — Simsia E. Be., in Trrnis. 
 Lirm. Soc, a. 155 ; Prodr., 369 j Suppl., 9 (nee 
 Pbes.) 
 
 2 Meissk., in PI. Freiss., i. 515 ; in Soo^. 
 Joum. (1852), 184. — Likdl., Swan Biv., 30, n. 
 
 141. — P. MUEIL., Pragm., vi. 248. — Benth. & 
 F. MuElL., Fl. Austr., v. 356. 
 
 ^ Conospertmtm Sm., in Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 
 213; Sxot. Sot., ii. t. 45.— R. Bk., in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc, x. 48, 153 ; Prodr., 368 ; .Suppl., 9. 
 •— Enw,., Gen., a. 2132. — Meissn., Prodr., 316, 
 698. 
 
398 
 
 NATUBAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lip, while the three others are narrow and compose a trifid anterior 
 lip. The androceum is irregular ; it is formed of four dissimilar 
 stamens, superposed to the lobes of the perianth and inserted about 
 its throat. The posterior stamen is the most perfect; it consists of a 
 short bifurcated filament, on either branch of which is inserted a free 
 cell of the same size as its fellow. The anterior stamen has also a 
 filament and a two-celled anther ; but the cells are sterile and reduced 
 to very small scales. The lateral stamens are symmetrical with regard 
 to each other, the anterior cell being sterile like that of its neighbour 
 of the anterior stamen, and similarly the posterior cell is fertile. 
 This last is inclined in the bud towards the corresponding cell of the 
 posterior stamen. Each is concave on the surface which looks towards 
 its neighbour, and by their application edge 
 to edge a cavity is formed which contains the 
 pollen. This is freed when the two half-ceUs be- 
 longing to different stamens separate, a little 
 before anthesis. Hence there is a sort of synge- 
 nesious arrangement which may fairly be 
 compared with what is found in most Com- 
 posiia. The gynseceum is free ; it consists of 
 a one-celled ovary covered with hairs, which 
 are especially abundant round the edges of its 
 horizontally flattened top. From the centre of 
 the platform thus formed rises a style, very 
 slender at the base, and swelling slowly 
 towards its apex, which ends in an oblique 
 stigmatiferous head, and which is more or less folded on itself 
 in the bud. The stigmatiferous head often remains sticking to 
 the glandular base of the sterile anther on anthesis. In the ovary 
 is a single descending orthotropous ovule. The dry indehiscent 
 one-seeded fruit bears a crest formed by the accrescence of the hairs 
 which crowned the ovary. The embryo is fleshy exalbuminous, and 
 its radicle looks downwards. Conospermum consists of some forty 
 species of Australian shrubs.' They have alternate simple entire leaves 
 
 ri&. 238. 
 Long, section of. flower (A). 
 
 ' GuAH., in Edmi. Fhil. Journ. (1826), 171. 
 — Endl., Ifov. Stirp. Dec, 58. — Hook., in 
 Mitch. Exp. Trap. Austral., 342. — Lindl., 
 Swan Biv., 30.— Bohitl., in Linncea, xx. 578. 
 — Meissn., in Fl. Freiss., i. 518; ii. 248 j in 
 
 Sook. Jotirn. (1852), 184 j (1855), 71.— Kipp., 
 in Soo/e. Journ. (1855), 70.— F. Mubll., Fi-agni., 
 i. 157; vi., 223. — Benth. & F. Muell., Fl. 
 Austral, v. 362. 
 
FBOTEAGE^. 
 
 399 
 
 SynapTiea dilatata. 
 
 of variable form; tlie flowers form simple or compound terminal or axil- 
 lary spikes or racemes, each flower being axillary to a persistent bract. 
 Synaphea^ (fig. 239) may be defined as Conospermum with resupinate 
 flowers." It is the fertile two-celled stamen that is anterior, while 
 that which is sterile is posterior in this genus. 
 This last is strongly adherent to the stigmatiferous 
 surface of the style which is turned towards it. 
 The two lateral stamens have each one cell sterile 
 and one fertile, and this last, adhering to the corre- 
 sponding half-cell of the median fertile stamen is of 
 course the anterior cell. The perianth is irregular, 
 and the ovary also contains a descending anatropous 
 ovule. Eleven species of 8ynaphea have been de- 
 scribed,^ Australian shrubs with a usually short 
 stem and alternate leaves. The flower-spikes may 
 be axUlary or terminal, simple or compound, and often on long 
 peduncles. Each flower is axillary to a sessile bract. 
 
 Fia. 239. 
 Diagram. 
 
 The Proteacem were raised to the rank of an order by A. L. 
 DE JussiEU in 1789.^ Ojilj a very small number of genera allied to 
 Protea were then known ; Banksia and Brabejum of Linnaeus, Em- 
 bothrium of Forster, and Roupala of Aublet. Another genus now 
 referred to this group, Guevina, was then relegated to the Genera 
 incerta sedis. Adanson had as early as 1763 placed the genera Bra- 
 bejum, Protea {Conocarpus), Leucadendron {Lepidocarpus), and Serruria, 
 together' in his family Tliymelees, close to the order where most 
 botanists of the present day place them. E. Brown, in 1809, was 
 the first to study this fine order seriously, and really establish it, in 
 a memoir which is still famous.* Besides the above-named genera he 
 founded no less than twenty new ones : Telopea, Lomatia, Stenocarpus, 
 Knightia, Grevillea, Orites, Bellendena, Bryandra, Hemiclidia, Symphyo- 
 nema, Agastacliys, FranMandia, Leucospermmn, Nivenia, Sorocephalus, 
 Petrophila, Isopogon, SimsiaJ Conospermum, and Synapliea. At the same 
 
 ' R. Bb., in TrwM. Linn. Soc„ x. 48, 155 ; 
 Ffodr., 369; Suppl., H ; £?««. Rem., 606, t. 7. 
 —Pore., Diet., Suppl., v. 270; III., t. 914.— 
 Endi., Gen., n. 2131 . — Meissn., Prodr., 314. 
 
 ^ White or blue, rarely yellowish, and usually 
 downy, as in Conosperimmt. 
 
 ' LiMDt., Swan Miv., 32. — Meissn., in PI. 
 
 Preiss., i. 527 ; ii. 251 ; in Hook. Joum. (1852), 
 183.— Bekth. & t\ Mtjell., Fl. Austral., v. 359. 
 
 * 6en., 78, Ord. iii., Protece. 
 ' Fam. des Plant., ii. 284. 
 
 * On the Proteaoem of Jussieu, in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc, x. (1809). 
 
 '' Endlicheb named it Sti^lingia. 
 
400 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 time lie inserted the genera Julax of Bergius,' Mhnetes, Serruria, and 
 Spatalla of Salisburjt,- Adenanthos2CiA Cenarrhenes of Labillardiere/ 
 Conospermum, Xylomelum, Persoonia, and Lambertia of Smith/ Hakea of 
 ScHRADER, Helicia and Cylind/ria of Loureiho.' Thus were collected, 
 besides Protea, thirty-seven of the genera now retained. The eight 
 others are of far more recent date. Schott founded Andripetalum^ 
 Meissneb added Molloya in 1855/ and in 1856 Potameia of Dcpetit- 
 Thouars/ Harvey added the Cape genus Faurea in 1847/ and F. 
 Mueller" the four Australian genera, Cardwellia, Barlingia, Carnar- 
 vonia, and Buckingliamia. Finally, we have recently demonstrated" 
 that Potameia really belongs to Lauracece, but that another ill-known 
 genus of Dupetit-Thouars, Bilobeia, should be placed not far from 
 Aulax. Thus we retain forty-six genera in this Order. 
 
 These forty-six genera contain some 1000 species. Of this number, 
 270 are peculiar to South Africa, and 87 to South America and the 
 Antilles. Only one Mexican species is known ; and all the rest, 
 comprising about 650 species, are peculiar to Oceania, especially 
 Australia and South Asia. There are eleven African genera, of which 
 Bilobeia alone is peculiar to Madagascar. The others are four for 
 each, Faurea, Brabejum, Protea, Levcospermum, Mimetes, Aulax, Leu- 
 cadendron, Nivenia, Sorocephalus, Serruria, Spatalla, nearly all be- 
 longing to the Cape of Good Hope and the neighbouring parts. One 
 Protea and one Leucospermum are alone found in Abyssinia. "We 
 may remark that aU these plants have a uniovulate ovary, and that 
 the ovule is ascending and anatropous in all but Brabejum and Faurea. 
 South-eastern Asia contains the single genus Helicia, also occurring 
 in Australia and the Indian Archipelago. In America are found 
 the five genera Embothrium, Guevina, Roupala, Lomatia, and Andri- 
 petalum ; the two last occurring in Oceania also. All the other 
 genera are peculiar to that quarter of the globe, especially Australia, 
 Tasmania, and New Zealand. New Caledonia appears equally rich 
 in ProteacecB, containing representatives of four or five genera. 
 
 1 Desor. Plant, ex Cap. BoncB-Sfei, &c. ^ Ex Endl., Gen., 342 (1836). 
 (1767). ' In Hooh. Jowm., vii. 75 [MtcUd). 
 
 2 Par. Loni. (1806, 1807). s Troir., xiv. 328. 
 
 2 JTbuffi Sollandice Flanf. Specim. (1804- ' In Sook. Joiirn., vi. 373. 
 
 1806). '° JFragm. Phytogr. Austral., v., vi. 
 
 ■" In Trams. Linn. Soc, iv. (1798). " In Adansonia, ix. fasc. 8 (1870). 
 5 M. CooUncli., ed. Uljssip. (1790). 
 
FBOTEACBM 401 
 
 All these plants have certain constant characters in common : a 
 tetramerous perianth, valvate in the bud; four stamens superposed 
 to the perianth-leaves; a free gynseceum with a one-celled ovary; 
 a dry fruit ; an exalbuminous seed with its radicle inferior. The 
 variable characters are : the conformation of the perianth (regular 
 or irregular) ; the level of the insertion of the stamens ; the union 
 or freedom of the anthers ; the presence or absence of a disk, and, 
 if present, the extent to which it surrounds the gynseceum ; the 
 form of the style, especially its stigmatiferous portion ; the number 
 of ovules, their direction and form (anatropous or orthotropous) ; 
 the consistence of the pericarp, which may be dry or fleshy, dehis- 
 cent or indehiscent. It is on these variable characters that the 
 subdivisions of the order have been based. Since the days of 
 E. Brown it has been divided into two grand sections in the first 
 place. The fruit is indehiscent in the one {Micameniacece) ; dehis- 
 cent in the other {Follicular es). But this character will sometimes 
 unfortunately separate widely two genera that would be considered 
 identical if the flowers alone were examined. Thus we may cite 
 Andripetalum, possessing the flower of Moupala, without any ap- 
 preciable difference ; but as the follicle is not dehiscent in the 
 former, it is quite removed from the latter in the classiflcations in 
 vogue. Strangea, again, said to have quite the habit and inflo- 
 rescence of Persoonia, has dehiscent fruits, and cannot come in the 
 same tribe. Helicia, so similar in flowers and vegetative organs to 
 both Boupala and KnigJitia, has been relegated by several authors to 
 quite another series. Moreover, in collections are found numerous 
 examples possessing only the flowers; there is a fair number of 
 genera, more or less contested, of which the ripe fruit is unknown, 
 and whose place it is impossible to fix, if we are to make this feature 
 of dehiscence or indehiscence of primary importance. Hence we 
 base our divisions first on the characters of the flowers. In the 
 series thus established we look for the number of seeds. This 
 enables us to distinguish in Bmhothrieos, for instance, two secondary 
 groups : EuembothrietB, which has at least four seeds ; and Grevilleee, 
 which has at most two. Among these last the ovules may be 
 descending and orthotropous, or ascending and anatropous ; in this 
 way we can distinguish the genera Bellendena, Boupala, Lamlertia, 
 &c., from Helicia and Xylomelwm, which have nearly the same 
 flower. We next take into account the regularity of the perianth, 
 
 VOL. II. D D 
 
402 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 whicli is inserted round a horizontal circle in Helicia, but more or 
 less obliquely in Ouevina. Only in the last place comes the cha- 
 racter of the fruit ; this is indehiscent in an Andripetalum and one 
 Helicia, but dehiscent in Xylomelum and Bowpala. In other series, 
 such as Stirlinc/iets, the genera are distinguished by other characters. 
 The syngenesious androceum is regular in Stirlingia, which has all 
 four anthers equal and fertile. In both Conospermum and Synaphea 
 one of the four anthers becomes quite sterile, and two others are 
 half fertile ; but the stamen in which both anthers are fertile is 
 posterior in the former genus, anterior in the latter. 
 
 By applying these principles, we have divided Proteaceee into six 
 series, of which we proceed to give the general characters : — 
 
 I. Embothrie^. — Ovules 2-4 or co , anatropous, ascending, in- 
 serted in two collateral rows. Fruit one-celled, dehiscent or inde- 
 hiscent. (20 genera.) 
 
 II. Banksie^. — Ovules 2, anatropous, ascending. Fruit dehis- 
 cent ; cell divided iuto two one-seeded chamberlets by a free false 
 dissepiment formed by the union of the coats of two collateral 
 seeds. (3 genera.) 
 
 III. Persoonie^. — Ovules one or two, orthotropous, descending. 
 Stamens free, inserted at middle or base of perianth. Fruit iude- 
 hiscent, with one or two one-seeded cavities. (6 genera.) 
 
 IV. FRANKLANDiEiE. — Ovule Solitary, orthotropous, descending. 
 Stamens almost completely united to perianth. Perianth regular, 
 induplicate in the bud. Fruit indehiscent. (1 genus.) 
 
 V. PR0TE.a;. — Ovule solitary, anatropous, ascending. Anthers free. 
 Fruit indehiscent. (13 genera.) 
 
 VI. Stirlingie^. — Ovule solitary, anatropous -ascending, or or- 
 thotropous descending. Stamens syngenesious. Fruit indehiscent. 
 (3 genera.) 
 
 The vegetative organs also present common and differential cha- 
 racters in this group. The Proieacem are, generally speaking, 
 woody, arborescent, or frutescent; very rarely herbaceous.' The 
 wood has usually marked features in the sharpness, straightness, and 
 regular arrangement of the medullary rays ; the alternation of fibres 
 and dotted vessels in the wood ; the segmentation of the liber fibres 
 into islets; the presence of fibrous bundles, even internal to the 
 
 ' E. Bkown only cites one iustauce : Sympkyonema paludosum. 
 
PBOTEACEJU. 403 
 
 trachese of the medullary sheath ; the existence of sclerous cells 
 disseminated in masses through the pith, and even in the medullary 
 rays and cortical parenckyma. These peculiarities, well worth 
 particular study, are rarely found united in a single plant, as occurs 
 in certain cultivated species of the genus Stenocarptis. 
 
 But the leaves are the vegetative organs to which most attention 
 has been devoted by botanists and palaeontologists. They never 
 possess stipules. They are almost always alternate, though some- 
 times opposite, as in Xylomelum, or verticillate, as in several species 
 of Andripetalum,} The blade is usually thick, coriaceous, and dry, 
 sometimes flattened, sometimes rounded or cylindrical. It is pretty 
 frequently entire, still oftener incised in some way or other ; some- 
 times toothed, sometimes pinnatifid or pinnatisect. It may be 
 simply bilobed, with equal or unequal lobes and an empty sinus 
 between them ; or there may project into the sinus (as in Dilobeid) 
 a gland representing the modified end of the midrib. Finally, in 
 some genera the leaves are quite pinnate,^ or one may find both 
 simple and compound leaves on one and the same branch ; for in 
 this order we often find these organs polymorphous on the same 
 plant or branch. In a given species, then, we may find some leaves 
 simple, and others much divided, recalling those of a Leguminose, 
 Araliad, or even Umbellifer. The apex of the leaf is often mucro- 
 nate or spinescent ; the upper surface is usually smooth and gla- 
 brous, while the lower is often covered with a whitish or brownish 
 down. The form of the leaves and the condition of their surfaces 
 result in a peculiar distribution of the stomates,' which here possess 
 
 ' This character does not appear constant in ' This distribution depends mainly on the 
 
 this genna ; it is, however, one reason for think- form of the blade. Where it is flat and mein- 
 
 ing that certain Oceanian BeUcias should be branous, the stomates are confined to the lower 
 
 referred to Andripetalum, Hence, perhaps, it face, as in Agastachys, Cenmrrhenes, Lcmibertm, 
 
 is to the latter rather than the former genua Syrwphgonema, Stenocarpus, Lomatia, Bcmksia, 
 
 that we should refer the genus Cylindria of and Dryandra, as well as in many species of 
 
 LOUEEIEO {Fl. Coch., ed. Vh/ssip., 1V90, 69), Grevillea. But several species of this genus 
 
 which has opposite leaves, 4-merous flowers, and a have stomates above as well as below. In the 
 
 double perianth (?), to the inferior divisions of flat-leaved species of Orites they are only found 
 
 which are superposed the stamens. This genua below ; but where the leavea are cylindrical 
 
 was attributed by KcENia (in Ann. of Bof., i. they are all over them. This last is the case in 
 
 392) to OleineiB ; but perhaps, thinks K. Beowit the leaves of HaTcea, Fetrophila, Conospermmn, 
 
 (in Trans. Limn. Soc, x. 224), this is through M-anklandia, Stirlingia, Bellendena ; but the 
 
 some confusion. It does not appear to us im- blade and its lobes are not always rounded or 
 
 possible that Cylmdna may, after all, belong to cylindrical, and the stomates are found on both 
 
 Loranthaeea or OlacacetB ; for it diflers from surfaces of the leaves of Persoonia and Si/napJiea, 
 
 Helieia in having a double perianth. which are often flattened. Frotea has long been 
 
 ' The divisions are not, however, usually sepa- cited for its poverty in stomates, though the 
 
 rated by distinct articulations. blade is firm and coriaceous. 
 
 D D 3 
 
404 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 a quite peculiar organization. It is known (chiefly through the 
 researches of H. Mohl) that in Proteacea generally the stomates are 
 very small, and are situated, not at the surface of the epidermis, but 
 at the bottom of a sort of pouch or well, as deep as the epidermis is 
 thick, and with the circular or elliptical external opening sensibly 
 contracted. The nervation of the leaves is also often characteristic. 
 It is pinnate, rarely palmate ; the secondary ribs radiate sometimes 
 from the base of the blade, sometimes at a certain distance up, like 
 the rays of a fan. The terminal veinlets are usually arranged in an 
 elegant delicate network, sometimes very complicated.' The leaves 
 often degenerate near the flowers into involucrant bracts, which 
 become more and more coloured and simple in form, and recall, in 
 their tint and approximation and in the way they protect the 
 flowers, the leaves of the involucre of Composite and some allied 
 types.^ 
 
 Affinities. — The order Proteaceee, placed by A. L. de Jussieu in 
 Jpetala, was left there by all authors until A. BBONttNiART,' fusing 
 this class with FolypetdcB, placed Froteinece between Bhamnoidea 
 and Baphnoidem, — i.e., next the three classes which he terms 
 Myrtoidece, Bosinece, and Leguminosee. Lindley" puts Proteacets in 
 his Alliance XLI {Daphnales), just before Bosales which includes 
 BosacecR, Pomacem, DrupacecB, Fahacecs, and Chrysobalanacea. In the 
 
 ' It is from tbese characters that authors have such as I/eucadendrites, Banhsltes, Falceoden- 
 
 thought they could distinguish leaves of Prota- dron, Lomatites, KnightUes, MyrwopTiylhim, 
 
 ceous plants iu geological strata (see ETTiiras- Mhopalospermites (Sap.), Mmbofhrites, Dricm- 
 
 HAUSEN, Froteac. der Vorwelt). Hence a droides (UNft.), as well as true Ghrevilleas and 
 
 detailed study has been made of the nervation, JSdkeas. ProteacetB are given as " the most 
 
 which is thus described by De Sapoeta (in Arm. ancient dicotyledonous type [excluding, of course, 
 
 8c. Nat., %&v. 4, xvii. 248) ; " The tertiary ribs, Comferce] whose presence it is possible to ascer- 
 
 always more or less oblique to the secondary, tain in the fossil state." It is in the Senonian 
 
 ramiiy by bifurcating to -their last subdivisions ; beds of the Aachensandstem [Sandstone of Aix- 
 
 the network resulting from the intersection of la-Chapelle] that the preponderance of these 
 
 the ramifying venules gives rise to rhomboidal, types is most marked, some hundred species 
 
 trapeziform; or hexagonal meshes, that vary in being admitted. Later on, it is said, in the 
 
 size, proportion, and regularity with the genus tertiary beds, true Drycmd/ras are found, and 
 
 and species. These tertiary veins, oblique to the then the Froteacece commence to diminish in 
 
 secondary, are more or less so according to the number, and seem to be replaced by MyricacetB 
 
 obtuseness of the angle which the latter make (see Sap., op. cit., 298 ; xix. 21, 58, 109 ; ser. 
 
 with the midrib." Hence the leaves are divided 5, iii. 19, 24, 30, 33, 55, 59, 95, 144). 
 into those which have oblique ribs {Orevillea, * It is more on account of the coloured invo- 
 
 Lomatia, Lenoospermma, &c.), and those in lucres than the flowers that Froteacece are so 
 
 which the secondary ribs are given off at an ornamental in the conservatory or winter- garden, 
 obtuse or nearly a right angle {Xylomelmm, ' Hwam. des G-ewr. de Fl. Cult. (1843), 120. 
 
 Kuightia, JBanksia). These considerations have ' Veg. Kingd., 529. 
 
 led geologists to admit fossil types of Froteacece, 
 
PBOTBACEJS. 40S 
 
 former alliance Proteacea is united with Lauracece and Thymelaceee. 
 We liave no difficulty in recognising its numerous analogies with 
 certain types of both these orders, as well as with many Santalaceee, 
 Loranthacece, Elceagnacece, &c. Biit we think that it is by their most 
 reduced types, characterized by separation of the sexes, uniovulate 
 ovaries, and one-seeded indehiscent fruits, that the Proteacea 
 come nearest these groups. Their highest types have multiovulate 
 ovaries,* many-seeded fruits dehiscing longitudinally, exalbuminous 
 seeds, well-marked perigyny, with a sometimes irregular gynjeceum, 
 and pinnately compound leaves : by these we think that the Proteacem 
 are most closely bound to the arborescent types with a single 
 perianth and slightly irregular or even regular flowers, oligandrous 
 or even diclinous, of the LeguminoscB, especially Casalpimeee. 
 
 The uses of this order^ are not numerous. The arborescent 
 species furnish good wood for fuel and building purposes. This is 
 the case with the species of Protect at the Cape ; several species of 
 Andripetalum* Boupala,' and Adenostephanus,^ in Brazil and Guiana ; 
 certain of EmbothriumJ and Lomati(f in Chili; and some of Steno- 
 carpv^ in Australia. To this last country belong the enormous 
 trees Barlingia spectatissima and Cardwellia sublimis}" The bark of 
 Protea grandiflora is considered a good diarrhoea remedy at the Cape." 
 The flowers and fruits of several members of this order furnish 
 food. The former sometimes secrete a saccharine matter in great 
 abundance ; and the Australian natives used formerly to sustain a 
 wretched existence on this sort of honey collected from Banksias}^ 
 At the Cape the Proteas, especially P. mellifera and speciosa, drop 
 from their inflorescence a similar honey, prized as a food and a 
 
 ' In our gardens certain ProteaceiB may ab- ' J5. coccinewm is the Notro or CiraeriUo of 
 
 normally become pluricarpellary ; this we have the Chilians. (C. Gat, Fl. Chil., v. 307.) 
 
 observed in Lamlertia formosa (see Adamonia, ^ In Chili L, ferruginea is named Eomerillo, 
 
 ii. 292). P'vwne, Fuinque ; L. dentata, Pmol, Ouarda 
 
 " Emdl., Enchirid., 217. — LlKBl.., Veg. fuego ; L. ohlkfua, Ea/ral, Nogal. (C. Gat, 
 
 533. — KoSEKTH., Syn. PI. Diaphor., op. eit.) 
 
 244, 1114. ' Especially S. saligrms E. Be. 
 
 3 P. grmdiflora is the Wageiiboom of the '° F. Mubll., Fragm., v. 23, 152. 
 
 colonists of the Cape ; it is, indeed, used for '' That of Leucospermum conocarptim B. Be., 
 
 making wheels. the Kreupelboom of the Cape colonists, serves 
 
 * Several of the Old World ffelicias, trees the same purposes. Its reddish wood is of good 
 with useful wood and edible seeds, no doubt quality. 
 
 belong to this genus. " -B. cemula E. Be., ericifoUa L. fii., in- 
 
 * Especially E. legalis Maet. tegrifolia L. Mt., serraia L. riL., and spinulosa 
 ^ Maet., Fl. Bras., Prot., 100. Sm., among others. 
 
■406 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 cough-cure.' The fruit of Brabejum stellatum, pretty similar to a 
 small almond, contains a seed which is eaten roasted, like the 
 chestnut, at the Cape. The seeds of Chcevina Avellana^ are sold in 
 the market like hazel-nuts in Chili, and the pericarp is used as an 
 astringent and vermicide. The pericarp of Brabejum is roasted as 
 a substitute for coffee. Helicia serrata is considered poisonous in 
 India.^ The Proteaceee are best known to us as ornamental plants 
 for the cold and temperate conservatory. The genera Banksia, 
 Protea, Lambertia, Grevillea, HaJcea, Stenocarpiis, Lomatia, Isopogon, 
 have all charming flowers, and were much cultivated early in this 
 century ; but they are in much less vogue now-a-days, no doubt 
 because of the difficulty of culture. The Boupalas are cultivated 
 chiefly on account of their elegant foliage. 
 
 ' There is a yellow colouring matter in the ' Avellana O-uevuin, Nefaen of the Chilians, 
 
 flowers of JPersoonia macrostach/a and Petro- ' Cajo Morsego of the Malays. It is said to 
 
 phila hrevifolia according to LiNBLEY. kill rats and mice. 
 
FBOTBACEM. 407 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. EMBOTHEIEiE. 
 
 1. Embothrium Fokst. — Flowers hermaphrodite, slightly ir- 
 regular; perianth slender elongated, inserted obliquely at base, 
 sometimes longitudinally cleft ; perianth-leaves 4, subequal valvate, 
 finally revolute, at apex antheriferous concave dilated. Stamens 4, 
 superposed to perianth-leaves ; filaments nearly absent ; anthers 
 ovate-oblong introrse 2-rimose. Disk hypogynous posterior semi- 
 annular. Grermen free stipitate; ovules oo, 2-seriate, inserted on a 
 posterior placenta, imbricated ascending ; micropyle extrorse inferior ; 
 chalaza wing-shaped ; style slender persistent ; apex vertically or 
 obliquely {Oreocallis) clavate, stigmatiferous. Follicle oblong or 
 cylindrical {Oreocallis), 1-valved. Seeds cc, compressed ascending; 
 chalaza produced to form a superior membranous pellucid imbricated 
 wing ; embryo inferior, exalbuminous fleshy ; radicle straight in- 
 ferior. — Small trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate simple entire ; 
 flowers in cylindrical or corymbose, terminal racemes ; pedicels, each 
 pair axillary to a bract {South-western and Antarctic regions of 
 America). See p. 383. 
 
 2. Telopea E. Br.' — Flowers almost those of Embothrium ; peri- 
 anth usually cleft' above, 1-labiate. Disk hypogynous subannular. 
 Style obliquely lateral f stigmatiferous at apex. Follicle and seed, 
 almost those of Etnbothrium. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate simple 
 entire or dentate ; flowers in short corymbose spikes ; bracts 2- 
 flowered ; inflorescence surrounded by an imbricated coloured involucre 
 of 30 bracts {Australia''). 
 
 ' In Trans. Lim,n. Soc, x. 197 j Prodr. Fl. — Cat., Icon., iv. 60, t. 388. — Labiil., Nouv.- 
 
 Nauv.-Holl., 388 ; Suppl., 32.— Ekbl., Qen., n. HolL, i. 32, t. 44.— Reiohb., FL Bxot., t. 159 
 
 2454. — Meissn., Prodr., 446, 699. — Rylogyne (Fmbothrimn). — F. MuEiL., Fragm. Phyt. 
 
 Knight & Sahsb., Proteaceai (1809), 126. Austral, ii. 170; v. 39.— Waip., Ann., i. 592. 
 
 ' Persistent in T. speciosissima E. Bb. — Benth. & P. MtlELL., Fl. Austral, v. 533. 
 
 ' Species 2. Gjebtn. v., Fruct., iii. 214, t. 218. 
 
408 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 3. Lomatia E. Br.'— Flowers hermaphrodite irregular ; perianth 
 1 -lipped; leaves 4, free secund, recurved at antheriferous apex. 
 Anthers 4, subsessile, muticous. Hypogynous glands 3, secund, 
 unequal or subequal. Grermen nearly of Embothrium ; style per- 
 sistent; apex stigmatiferous, obliquely or laterally flattened. Fol- 
 licle subcylindrical or compressed; 1, 2-valved. Seeds oo, winged 
 at apex or on both sides {JmpMloma).^-^\mihs. or small shrubs; 
 leaves alternate, entire toothed or pinnately laciniate, often hetero- 
 morphous; flowers in simple or branched, axillary or terminal 
 racemes ; pedicels solitary or paired in axils of bracts ; involucre 0' 
 {Australia,^ South-west America*). 
 
 4. Stenocarpus E, Br.' — Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite (nearly 
 of Embothrium). Perianth cleft behind; leaves long, coherent, 
 finally separating ; at apex dilated concave, antheriferous. Anthers 
 sessile muticous. Hypogynous gland semi-annular, posterior. 
 G-ermen stipitate ; ovules oo, ascending ; style obliquely dilated and 
 laterally stigmatiferous at apex. FoUicle cylindrical. Seeds oo, 
 ascending ; winged at base, containing embryo above ; radicle short 
 inferior. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate coriaceous, entire or 
 laciniate ; flowers' umbellate, peduncles axillary or springing from 
 wood; bracts 2-flowered {Oceania'). 
 
 5. Knightia E. Br.^ — Flowers regular hermaphrodite. Perianth 
 tubular, 4-phyllous. Stamens 4, inserted more than half-way up 
 
 ' In Trans. Limn. Soc, x. 199; Prodr., 389; 342.— C, Gat, Fl. Chil, v. 309.— Kl., in Nov. 
 
 Suppl., 33. — Endi., Gen., n. 2155.— Meissn., Act. Nat, Cur., xix. Sap^h i. ill. 
 
 Frodr., 447. — Trioortdylus Kn. & Salisb., * In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 201 ; Prodr., 390 ; 
 
 Prot., 121. Suppl., 34.— EUDL., Gen., n. 2156 ; Suppl., iv. 
 
 ^ A genus very near Umbothrium, only differ- p. ii. 88. — Meissn., Prodr., 450, 699. — Cyhele 
 
 ir.g in the dehiscence of the perianth and the Kh. & Salisb., Prot,, 123. — Agnostm A. Ctrair. 
 
 form of the stigma. Ekdi,icheii divides it into (ex Likhl., Veg. Kingd., 534). 
 
 two sections : 1. JEulomatia, seeds wingless at * Orange or ochrey-white. 
 
 base ; nucleus pulverulent (species Australasian, ' Species about 10, of which 4 or 5 are New 
 
 1 Chilian). 2. Amphiloma, seeds winged on Caledonian, the rest Australian. Fokst., Gen., 
 
 both sides ; nucleus not pulverulent (species 16, t. 8, fig. a-f. — Lamk., III., t. 55, fig. 1 (P!m- 
 
 South American). hoth/riwm). — Labili., Sert., 21, t. 26. — Speeng., 
 
 ^ Species about 7. Labill., ifoMD.-BoM., i. 31, Syst., i. 484 (Cyhele). — Hook., Jonm. (1854), 
 
 t. 42, 43 {Embothrimm). — G^ETN. F., Fruct., 359 ; in Bat. Mag., t. 4263. — P. MuELL., 
 
 iii. 215, t. 218? — PoiE., Diet., Suppl., ii. 550. Fragm., i. 134, 234; iii. 147; v. 154; vi. 224. 
 
 — Cat., Icon., iv. 60. — Pot. Meg., t. 442. — — Bb. & Ge., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, iii. 204. 
 
 Pot. Mag., t. 4023, 4110.— P. Mtjeli,., Fragm., — Walp., Ann., i. 592 ; iii. 333. — Behth. & 
 
 V. 39, 95, 153 ; vi. 191, 224.— Benth. & P. P. Muell., Fl. Austral., v. 539. 
 
 MiTEiL., JPi. Austral., v. 535. s In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 193. — Endi., Gen., 
 
 < Species about 4. B. & Pav., Fl. Per., i. 62.— n. 2151 ; Suppl., iv. p. ii. 88. — Meissn., Prodr., 
 
 Cat., Icon., iv. 59.— Hook. P., Fl. Antarct., 442, 699. 
 
PBOTEACE^. 409 
 
 sepals, and exserted on their becoming revolute ; anthers linear ; 
 connective very shortly produced above cells. Hypogynous glands 
 4, equal. Germen sessile ; ovules imbricated in 2 rows, 2, 3 in each, 
 ascending, anatropous ; micropyle inferior, extrorse ; style straight, 
 subclavate at apex. Follicle coriaceous fusiform ; seeds 2-4, 
 ascending, winged above. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate simple 
 petiolate, entire or toothed, penniveined ; flowers in axillary racemes 
 or capitula ; pedicels paired in axils of bracts {Oceania'). 
 
 6. Cardwellia P. M-VMuJ — Perianth nearly of Stenocarpus ; base 
 oblique. Anthers subsessile ; cells discrete ; connective shortly 
 apiculate. Hypogynous glands 4, thick, free, unequal ; 2 posterior 
 a little longer ; two antero-lateral inserted a little higher. Germen 
 very shortly stipitate; ovules co (up to 15), anatropous ascending, 
 inserted on a horseshoe-shaped placenta with its concavity upwards ; 
 micropyle inferior extrorse ; style straight, slender, apex stigmatife- 
 rous, obliquely dilated, ellipsoidal, with a small central prominence. 
 Follicle .... ? — A lofty tree ; leaves alternate pinnate ; flowers in 
 spike-like racemes ; pedicels cohering in pairs in axil of each bract 
 {Australia^). 
 
 7. Darlingia F. Mueli,.' — Flowers nearly of Cardwellia, regular; 
 perianth oblique at base, dilated at stigmatiferous apex. Anthers 
 subsessile, oblong, apiculate. Glands 4, inserted obliquely ; 2 pos- 
 terior higher. Germen sessile ; ovules co, hemitropous ascending, 
 inserted on a short horseshoe-shaped placenta ; micropyle inferior, 
 extrorse ; style slender, deciduous, at apex clavate stigmatiferous. 
 " Follicle 4-seeded ; seeds erect, flat, winged all round, in two slightly 
 superposed pairs near base of anterior margin of pericarp ; embryo 
 exalbuminous ; radicle inferior." — A tree ; leaves alternate simple, 
 oblong or lanceolate, entire or pinnatifid above middle ; flowers in 
 elongated spikes ; pedicels very short, undivided,' paired in axils of 
 bracts [East Australia^). 
 
 ' Species 3 — ya., 1 or 2 (doubtful) from New 24. — Bbnth. & F. Mueli., Fl. Austral., v. 
 
 Caledonia, Emhothrium strobilinvm Labill. 538. 
 
 {Nouv.-Holl., ii. 116 ; — K. mtegrifoUak. CuNN., * Fragm. Fhyt. Austral., v. 152. 
 
 in Ann. Nat. Sist., i. STS, not. ; — Be. & Gr., ° This genus should perhaps be reduced to a 
 
 loe. cit., 208); and 1 from New Zealand, K. section of Cardwellia, from which it differs in 
 
 excelsa R. Be. (loc. cit., 194, t. 2 ; — Raottl, seeds and leaves. 
 CA. de Fl., 42 ;— Hook. F., Fl. K Zeal, 219). * Species 1. D. spectatissimaW.MmjjT.., loc. cU. 
 
 ' Fragm. Fhyt. Austral., v. 23. — Helicia Darlingiana P. Mueil., Fragm., v. 24. 
 
 ' Species 1. C. sublimis F. Mhell., loc. cit., — Behtb. & P. Muell., Fl. Amtral., v. 533. 
 
410 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 8. Buckinghamia F. Muell.' — " Flowers nearly of Grevillea ; 
 perianth much recurved on one side, finally falling down. Anthers 
 subsessile muticous; cells diverging. Hypogynous gland nearly 
 semi-annular. Grermen pluriovulate ; style filiform deciduous ; apex 
 laterally orbiculate stigmatiferous. Follicle subsessile, obliquely 
 orbiculate-ovate, compressed, shortly beaked, 3-6-seeded ; seeds as- 
 cending, surrounded by a narrow wing. — A tree ; leaves alternate 
 ovate-lanceolate entire; flowers' in elongated racemes; pedicels 
 paired, minutely 1-bracteolate' {Australia*). 
 
 9. Grevillea E. Br. — Flowers hermaphrodite ; perianth 4-fid or 
 4-leaved, deciduous, sometimes regular or subregular {Anadenia), 
 with apex globose {Manglesid), more frequently reflexed or recurved, 
 sometimes irregular {Eugrevilled) ; leaves valvate, antheriferous, and 
 long cohering at dilated concave apex. Anthers sessile or subsessile, 
 ovate or oblong, introrse, muticous or subapiculate. Disk hypo- 
 gynous, usually cleft behind, more rarely subannular, minute, or 0. 
 Germen stipitate, with stalk sometimes adnate to perianth, more 
 rarely sessile, often ventricose behind ; ovules 3, collaterally ascend- 
 ing and anatropous, or hemitropous ; micropyle inferior extrorse ; 
 style sublateral, bowed or straight, more rarely shortened, at apex 
 discoid, flat, concave, convex, or conical, usually laterally or obliquely 
 grooved, stigmatiferous. FoUicle woody or coriaceous, ovate or 
 subglobose, mucronate, or beaked by persistent style, smooth, warty, 
 or echinate, 1-2-valved. Seeds 1 (the other abortive) or more fre- 
 quently 2, ovate or subrotund, unsymmetrical, compressed alter- 
 nately, wingless, or with a membranous or somewhat fleshy mem- 
 branous 1 -lateral wing, more rarely broadly winged all round 
 {Cydoptera), embryo fleshy exalbuminous ; radicle inferior. — Shrubs, 
 or more rarely undershrubs or trees ; leaves alternate, flat, or terete, 
 entire, or variably divided ; flowers in simple or branched axillary or 
 terminal racemes, more rarely solitary or paired ; pedicels usually in 
 pairs in axil of each bract, rarely solitary or more numerous ( Oceania, 
 especially Australasia). See p. 386. 
 
 ' Fragm. Pliyt. Austral., v. 247. in cliaracter to G. ffillii" (F. MtJEM;.). — But 
 
 ^ " Whitish, very fragrant." all known species of Grevillea are 2-ovulate. 
 ' " A genus differing from Grevillea in the * Species 1. S. ceUissima F. MtJBll;., loc. cit. 
 
 greater numher of its seeds. ... Its alliance — Bekth. & F. MuisLL., M. Austral., v. 532. 
 
 with Grecillea is very apparent, and it is nearest 
 
FBOTEACE^. 411 
 
 10. Hakea Schrad.' — Flowers hermaphrodite; perianth nearly 
 of Grevillea; sometimes 1 -lipped just before anthesis ; deciduous as 
 a whole. Anthers 4, sessile, muticous, or shortly apiculate.'' Disk 
 hypogynous, cleft behind, entire, or more rarely 2-lobed. Germen 
 stipitate ; ovules 2 (of Grevillea) ; style slender, apex dilated stigma- 
 tiferous, obtuse, or conical. Follicle oblong, or more frequently 
 ovate, ventricose, or gibbous, more rarely globose, smooth, or tuber- 
 culate echinate or crested; cell excentric, 1, 1-seeded, 2-valved ; 
 valves thick woody bark-Hke, at apex horned hooked or muticous. 
 Seeds compressed, unequally winged, usually unsymmetrical, behind 
 smooth, or more frequently wrinkled, crested, tuberculate, or echi- 
 nate ;^ wing membranous. — Shrubs sometimes small, rigid ; leaves 
 alternate, coriaceous, terete, or flat, entire toothed or laciniate, often 
 polymorphous ; flowers in usually axillary racemes or fascicles ; in- 
 florescences at first bud-Uke, involucrated in deciduous, imbricated, 
 scarious scales ; bracts 2-flowered {Australasia*). 
 
 11? MoUoya Meissn.* — "Perianth oblique at base. . . Disk 
 hypogynous semiannular. . . . Germen stipitate villose ; stalk some- 
 times adnate to perianth . . . ; style straight ; apex suborbicular, 
 obtusely umbonate, laterally stigmatiferous Follicle coria- 
 ceous-ligneous, lanceolate-oblong, tapering at both ends, glabrous, 
 5, 6-ribbed, 1-valved, 1-seeded. — A shrub; leaves alternate, quite 
 entire, coriaceous; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate"' {West 
 Australia^). 
 
 12. Orites E. Bb.' — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth 
 
 ' Sert. Haanm., 27, t. 17. — K. Bb., in Tram. ^ A doubtful genus, apparently allied to 
 
 Lirm. Soc, x. 178 ; Prodr., 381 ; Suppl., 25. — Grevillea and JPersoonia. It is to this genus 
 
 Endi.., Gen., a. 2144. — Meissn., Prodr., 393, that Strangea (Msissif., in Hook. Jom-n. (1855), 
 
 699. — Conchmm Su., in Trans. Linn. Soc, iv. 66; Proiir., 348) seems to approach very nearly ; 
 
 215. — GjEKTN. p., Fruct., iii. 217, t. 219. the solitary axillary flowers of the latter are 
 
 2 Pollen 3-gonous, as in Grevillea, according unknown. It has a spongy - coriaceous oval- 
 
 to H. MoHl (in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 2, iii. 314). oblong 2-valved follicle ; seed solitary, long- 
 
 ' By which characters an artificial subdivision winged. Species 1. Australian {S. linearis 
 
 of the genus is made. Meissn .). \_Molloya and Strangea are both 
 
 * Species about 100. Cat., 7oo»., vi. 24, reduced to species of Grevillea in the Flora 
 t. 533-535. — Ga)ETN., Fruct, i. 221, t. 47, fig. 2 Australiensis (v. 454, 453).] 
 
 {Banksia) ; iii. 216, t. 217 (Lambertia). — ' Species 1. M. cgnanchicarpa Meissn., loo. 
 
 Akse., JBot. Sepos., t. 215 (JBmbothrium). — cif. — Grevillea l eynamcMcarpa Meissn. : — 
 
 Meissn., Prodr., loo. cit., 394-420. — P. Mukll., Benth. & Mtjell., Fl. Austral., y. 454. 
 Fragm., i. 20; iv. 49, 130; v. 25,72; vi. 189, « r. Bj[._ ;„ Trans. Linn. Soc., a. 189; 
 
 214.— Benth. & F. Muem., Fl. Austral., v. 489. Prodr., 387 ; Suppl., 31.— Endl., Gen., u. 2147. 
 
 * Prodr., 348. — Fitchia Meissn., in Book. — Meissn., Prodr., 423. — Tropocarpa Das, 
 Journ. (1855), 75 (nee Hook.). MSS. (ex Meissn.). 
 
412 NATURAL ^8T0BT OF PLANTS. 
 
 short ; leaves narrowly linear, free, recurved, deciduous. Stamens, 
 inserted above middle ; filament, thick adnate to perianth ; anthers 
 subsessile, muticous. Hypogynous glands 4, short. Germen 
 sessile; ovules 3, anatropous; style slender straight, at stigmatife- 
 rous apex slightly thickened, continuous vertical. Follicle coria- 
 ceous. Seeds 1, 2, winged at apex {Euorites^), or at both ends 
 {Amphiderrif). — Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, flat or terete, 
 entire, or toothed ; flowers in short terminal and axillary spikes ; 
 bract 2-flowered {Australia, Tasmanid'). 
 
 13. Carnarvonia F. Muell.* — "Flowers subregular; perianth 
 leaves nearly equal ; finally distantly revolute. Stamens 4 ; fila- 
 ments adnate to perianth, free at apex ; anthers oblong-linear 
 apiculate, introrsely rimose. Disk 0. Germen 2 -ovulate ; style 
 short subulate deciduous ; stigma minute terminal. Fruit stipitate 
 woody-crustaceous, 2-valved. Seeds 2, long-winged above. — A tree ; 
 leaves alternate petiolate ; leaflets quinate or everywhere 3-4 some- 
 times pinnate on rachis produced upwards, entire repand-serrate or 
 partly pinnatisect; flowers small, scattered geminate"" — {East 
 Australia^). 
 
 14. Xylomelum Sm.' — Flowers (nearly of Manglesia), polyga- 
 mous. Stamens 4, exserted when the sepals turn back ; anthers sub- 
 sessile linear ; connective shortly produced above cells. Hypogynous 
 scales 4, small. Pistil nearly of Orites (more or less abortive in 
 male flower) ; ovules 2, collateral fixed by the side, anatropous 
 ascending, micropyle inferior extrorse ; chalaza produced into a 
 narrow wing Follicle ovate-oblong tomentose ; pericarp very thick 
 woody, excentricaUy 1-celled, finally dehiscent. Seeds long-winged 
 above ; embryo fleshy ; radicle inferior. — Trees ; leaves opposite 
 simple coriaceous ; spikes axillary dentifloral ; flowers paired in axil 
 of each bract, hermaphrodite below, male above {Australia''). 
 
 ' Endl., op. cit, Snppl., iv. 2, 87. « Species 1. C. aralifolia P. Mitell., loc. cit, 
 
 " E. Bh., ProAr., Suppl., 32.—Oritina R. Bb., t. 55, 56.— Benih. & Mueil., Fl. Amtral'., 
 
 in Trans. Limn,. Soc, x. 224. v. 409. 
 
 3 Species 4, 5. A. Eich., Voy. Astrol., 70, ? In Trans. Idnn. Soc, iv. 214. E Be 
 
 71, t. 25.— F. MuELi., Def. Sar. PI. (1855), in Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 189 ; Prodr.,' 387"' 
 
 31, n. 26.— MEissif., in Soo/c. Jown. (1852), Suppl. 31. — Enbl., Qen., n. 2146 j'icoffl' 
 
 209.— Benth. & MtjeiI;., Fl. Austral., v. 410. t. 47, 48. — Mbissn., Prodr., 422. ' ' 
 
 * Fragm., vi. 81, 248, 250, 254. » Species 4. G^etn., Fruci., i. 220, t. 47, 
 
 *A genus at once related to Belicia, Ore- dg. 1 {JBanksia). — Laiuk., Diet., viii. SIO • III' 
 
 villea, Telopea, and Embothritm, according to t. 54, fig. 4. — Cat., Icon., iv. 25^ t. 536 (Rakea) 
 
 F. M0ELLEE. — W., Fnam., i. 141 (CoMcftJKm).— Hook., leon.. 
 
FBOTEAOB^. 413 
 
 15. Helicia Loue.' — Flowers regular, hermaplirodite, nearly of 
 Lambertia (or Xylomehm); periantli-leaves 4, finally revolute ; anthers 
 subsessile on perianth, linear or ovate, muticous or apiculate. Hypo- 
 gynoiis glands 4, free or more or less connate. Grermen sessile or stipi- 
 tate, short ; ovules 2, ascending anatropous ; micropyle inferior ex- 
 trorse ; style clavate at apex. Fruit coriaceous-woody, indehiscent. 
 Seeds subglobose, wingless exalbuminous. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate (or opposite ?) simple ; flowers in axillary or terminal ra- 
 cemes ; pedicels paired in axil of each bract, free or connate to a 
 variable height {Continent and Islands of Tropical Asia, Australia^). 
 
 16. Liambertia Sm.' — Mowers regular, hermaphrodite ; perianth 
 tubular 4-fid ; lobes staminiferous, finally revolute spirally. 
 Anthers 4, subsessile linear acuminate. Hypogynous scales 4, 
 small, free or connate into a sheath. Grermen stipitate ; ovules 2 
 descending suborthotropous ; style long slender straight, at apex 
 subulate grooved stigmatiferous. Follicle coriaceous-woody com- 
 pressed acuminate, at apex muticous or dilated, 2-horned, often 
 echinate. Seeds 1, 2, marginate. — Shrubs ; branches often sub- 
 verticillate ; leaves alternately verticillate, entire or toothed, apicu- 
 late ; flowers terminal, solitary or subcapitate ; surrounding involucre 
 constant of oo caducous imbricated coloured bracts {Australia*). 
 
 17. Roupala Aubl.^ — Mowers regular hermaphrodite. Perianth 
 straight cylindrical subclavate ; leaves valvate, antheriferous at con- 
 cave apex, finally recurved, deciduous. Stamens exserted ; filaments 
 
 t. 446. — Meissn., in PI. Freiss., i. 580. — ^ In Frans. lArm. Soc, iv. 214, t. 20. — 
 
 KiPP. & Meissn., in Mooh Jown. (1852), 209. R. Be., in Trans. lAnn. Soc, x. 188 ; Frodr., 
 
 — P. MiTELl.., Fragm., iv. 110; v. 174, 214; 386; Sappl., 30. — Endi., Gen., u. 2145.— 
 
 vi. 220. — Benth. & Mfeil., M. Austral., Meissn., Frodr., 420. 
 
 V. 407. * Species about 10. Hook., Icon., t. 553. — 
 
 ' M. Cochmoh., ed. 1790, 83 (nee Pees.). — Wbndl., Sert., iv. 5, t. 21 {Protea). — Lindl., 
 
 R. Be., Prod/r., Suppl., 32. — Bl., in Arm., Swam, Eiv., 32. — Meissh., in Fl. Freiss., ii. 
 
 So. Nat., s&. 2, i. 211. — Ebbl., Gen., n. 2150. 263. — Dibte., Fl. Univ., n. Folg., t. 73.— 
 
 — Meissn.. Frodr., 430, 699. — Castronia P. Mueli., Fragm., vi. 248, 255. — Benth. & 
 
 Noeonh., Eel. Fl. Jav., in Tijdschr. voor Wat, MirEl.1.., Fl. Austral., v. 413. 
 
 en Fhjjs., viii. 414? (ex Habsk.). — Selitto- * G«ja»., i. 33, t. 32 (1775). — J., (?e«., 79. — 
 
 •phglmm Bi,., P^dr., 652. Lamk., Diet., vi. 316 ; III., t. 55.— GiEEiN., 
 
 ^ Species about 20. R. Be., in Trams. Liwa. Fruct., iii. 212, t. 217. — LeinTceria Scop., Introd. 
 
 Soc, X. 91, n. 4-6 (Mhopala). — Peesl, Fpim., (1777), n. 1607. — Mopala Scheeb., Gen., n. 
 
 247.— SlEB. & Zttoc, Fl. Jap. Fam., ii. 74. — 144 (1789-91). — R. Be., in Tram. lAnn. Soc, 
 
 Benn., pi. Jav. Rar., 81, t. 18. — P. Mtjeii., x. 190 (part.).— Ehdi., (?e»., n. 2148.— Meissn., 
 
 s., ii. 91 ; iii. 37 ; iv. 191, 224; v. 24, 38, Prod/r., 424, 6Q9. — Rupala Vahi,, 
 
 152, 186; vi. 84, 107, 174 (part.). — MiQ., in iii. (1794), 20.— SopaZo EiTBa., Guim'., I 
 
 Ann. Mm. lMgd.-Bat., i. 204. — Benth. & t. 39, 
 MuELL., Fl. Austral., v. 404. 
 
414 NATUBAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 very short j anthers muticous or shortly apiculate. Hypogynous 
 glands 4, free, often, contiguous." Germen sessile ; ovules 2, ortho- 
 tropous or suborthotropous collaterally ascending ; micropyle inferior 
 style erect ; apex clavate stigmatiferous. Follicle woody-coriaceous 
 compressed smooth, 1-locular. Seeds 2, much compressed oblong ; 
 completely surrounded by their membranous wing ; embryo central ; 
 radicle inferior. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves opposite, sometimes simple 
 (rarely entire), sometimes imparipinnate ; flowers in axillary or 
 terminal, solitary pr axillary racemes ; pedicels paired in axil of each 
 bract, free or semiconnate {Central and Cis-andine South America^). 
 
 18. Andripetalum Schott.' — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite; 
 perianth-leaves finally revolute deciduous. Stamens 4. Hypogynous 
 scales 4, free or connate into a 4-toothed urceolus. Germen subses- 
 sUe ; ovules 2, descending suborthotropous ;" style slender, slightly 
 thickened at apex. Drupe nearly juiceless, 1-seeded indehiscent. 
 Seed exalbuminous ; embryo fleshy ; radicle inferior. — Trees ; leaves 
 alternate or opposite, simple ; floral racemes terminal or axillary, 
 simple or more rarely slightly branched {Tropical America^ Australia^). 
 
 19. Guevina Mol.' — Flowers slightly irregular, hermaphrodite. 
 Perianth inserted obliquely, deciduous ; leaves antheriferous at con- 
 cave dilated apex, dissimilar ; 1 erect, 3 revolute. Stamens 4, 
 shortly apiculate. Hypogynous glands 2, anterior. Germen sub- 
 sessile ; ovules 2, orthotropous collaterally descending ; style erect 
 
 ■ Tingonous pollen-grains with papillose angles * Whereby this genus is especially distin- 
 
 oecur in S. serrata, Tieterophylla, rhombi- guished from Helicia. 
 
 folia. (H. MoHi., in Ann. 8c. Nat., sir. 2, iii. ' Species 8-10. H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
 
 314) Spec, ii. 154, t. 121 (Shopala). — A. KiCH., in 
 
 ' Species about 35, of which 1 is Mexican. Mem. Soc. Sist. Nat. Par., i. 106 (Mowpala). — 
 
 E. & Pav., M. Fer., t. 98, 99 {Emboth-ium). — Kl., in lArnitjea, iv. 53 ; xx. 471. — Meissn., in 
 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec., ii. 152, t. 118- MaH. Fl. Bras., Prot., 11. 
 
 120.— POHI., PI. Bras., i. 106, t. 86, 88, 90.— " Several species hitherto described under Ble- 
 
 PcBPP. & Ehiil., Nov. Gen. et Spec, ii. 35, Ucia, among which will come the Macadamias 
 
 t. 149. — Kl., in Linneea, xv. 54 ; xx. 473 ; in (F. Mtjell., in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict., ii. 72 ; 
 
 SooTc. Jown., iv. 326. — MoEio., PI. Norm. Fragm., vi. 191, under Selicia); Fl. Aust., v. 
 
 Amir., 172, t. 100. — Msissif., in Mart. Fl. 406. — See H. Bn., in Adamonia, ix. 258. 
 
 Bras., Prof .; 19, t S1-S3. One New Caledonian 1 Chil, 198 j ed. 2, 279.— J., Gen., 424. 
 
 species is described, B. Vieillardii Be. & Ge., K. Be., in Trans. Limn. Soc, x. 48, 165. 
 
 in Ann. Sc. Nat., s^r. 5, i. 345. But the genus Eschsch., in Mem. Acad. Petersb,, x. 281. 
 
 of the plant, whose fruit is yet unknown, remains Eitdi., Oen., n. 2140. — Meissn., Prodr., 347 
 
 very doubtful. 698. — Nebu Fetjiii,., Chil., iii. 46, t. 33. 
 
 ' Ex Ettdl., Gen., n. 2149 ; Suppl., iv. p. ii. Quadria E. & Pat., Prodr., 16 ; Fl. Per. et 
 
 82. — Mbissn., Prodr., 345, 698. — Andria- Chil., i. 63, t. 99, fig. b. — GjEEtn. s., Fruci. iii. 
 
 PoHL., PI. Bras., i. 114, t. 91, 92.— 220, t. 220.— Avellana Ga;ETN. F., ioc cit. ' 
 
 ? Panopsis Sahsb. (ex. Meissn.). 
 
PBOTEACE^. 415 
 
 slender; apex obliquely dilated oval convex stigmatiferous. Fruit 
 subdrupaceous. Seed 1, subglobose ; cotyledons orbicular, plano- 
 convex, rather thick ; radicle short inferior. — A tree ; leaves alternate 
 imparipinnate ; leaflets dentate ; flowers in axillary racemes ; pedicels 
 paired in axil of each bract, high-connate {Chili^). 
 
 20. Bellendena E. Be.^ — Mowers regular, hermaphrodite. Peri- 
 anth leaves 4, equal free spreading caducous. Stamens 4, hypogynous 
 free ; anthers basifixed oblong introrse 3-rimose. Germen articulated 
 to a short stalk, 1-celled ; ovules 2, subsuperposed descending ; style 
 at apex obtuse, 1-sulcate or subentire, stigmatiferous. Fruit dry 
 obovate compressed, sometimes with the persistent style appressed 
 and forming a hook below apex, indehiscent ; one edge subulate. 
 Seeds 1, 2 j embryo fleshy; radicle inferior. — A shrub; leaves alter- 
 nate, incised-dentate ; flowers in terminal pedunculate racemes ; 
 pedicels alternate, solitary or more rarely paired ; bracts 
 {Tasmania^). 
 
 II. BANKSIE^. 
 
 21. Banksia L. fil. — Mowers regular, hermaphrodite; perianth 
 straight or finally incurved, marcescent and long persistent ; leaves 
 4, free or connate at base, at antheriferous apex concave and long 
 coherent. Anthers 4, subsessile linear, muticous or apiculate, in- 
 trorse 2-rimose. Hypogynous squamules 4. Germen sessile ; ovules 
 2, collateral ascending, hemitropous, inserted laterally ; micropyle in- 
 ferior extrorse ; style slender, often subulate, straight or falcate often 
 more or less incui-ved with its convexity projecting outside through 
 cleft perianth, clavate at apex, more rarely suddenly thickened like a 
 node below apex, usually sulcate. Follicle woody, more or less 
 deeply sunk in thickened rachis of inflorescence, compressed 2-celled, 
 finally 2-valved ; dissepiment free 2-fid, formed of integuments of 
 connate seeds. Seeds 1 in each cell, cuneate-alate at apex ; stone 
 deeply immersed in cavity of dissepiment. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate or verticillate, rigid coriaceous, flat or revolute-subterete, 
 entire or more frequently dentate or pinnatifid ; flowers in ovate or 
 
 ' Species 1. G. Avellana MoL., loc. eit. — — Meissn., Prodr., 347. — Sellendenia Endl., 
 
 C. Gay, M. Chil., v. 312. — Quadria Jieiero- Gen., u. 2141. 
 pbfflla'R. & Pat., loc. oit. " Species 1. B. montana R. Bb., loc. cit. — 
 
 ■' In Trans. Lirm. Soc, x. 48, 166; Prodr., Benth. & P. Mueil., Fl. Austral,, v. 378. 
 374; Suppl., 16. — GuiLliEM., Icon. Lith., t. 7. 
 
416 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 cylindrical, terminal or lateral, strobiliform spikes ; bracts 2-flowere(l, 
 bractlets 2 to superior flowers {Australia). See p. 390. 
 
 32. Dryandra E. Br.' — Flowers regular, bermaphrodite ; perianth 
 leaves equal, free or connate at base, dilated at antheriferous apex. 
 Anthers 4, subsessile, shortly apiculate.^ Hypogynous squamules 4. 
 Germen sessile ; ovules 2 collateral, after impregnation coherent and 
 usually forming a spurious dissepiment; style slender, often arti- 
 culated at base, usually straight ; apex cylindrical or clavate, smootb 
 or sulcate, stigmatiferous. Follicle woody; dissepiment membra- 
 nous free 2-fid, or ; seeds winged at apex. — Small trees or shrubs ; 
 branches scattered or umbellate ; leaves alternate coriaceous, ser- 
 rated, lobed or pinnatifid, more rarely entire; flowers in terminal 
 or lateral, sessile involucrate capitula {South Australia^). 
 
 23 ? Hemiclidia E. Br.** — "Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Pe- 
 rianth 4-fid ; lobes concave antheriferous. Hypogynous squamules 4. 
 Grermen 1 -celled ; testae coherent into a dissepiment ; dissepiment 
 arachnoid simple (not separable into 2 layers), separating with the 
 abortive ovule from the other on ripening. Follicle subcrustaceous, 
 bearded all over. Seed 1, veutricose wingless. — A shrub ; leaves 
 and habit of Dryandra ; involucre imbricate ; receptacle of capitulum 
 flat" {Australia^). 
 
 III. peesooniej:. 
 
 24. Persoonia Sm. — Flowers regular hermaphrodite.' Perianth 
 4-merous, rarely gibbous; leaves free or connate to a variable 
 height; margins valvate or slightly involute. Stamens inserted 
 half way up perianth leaves ; filaments filiform, usually short ; 
 anthers linear exserted ; apiculated by produced connective, or sub- 
 muticous. Hypogynous glands 4, free. Grermen stipitate or sessile ; 
 
 ' In Tram. Linn. Soe., x. 211, t. 3 ; Prodr., Fragm., v. 185; vi. 93.— Benth. & P. Mttell., 
 
 396; Suppl., 37 (nee Thunb.). — Enbl., Gen., M. Austral., v. 562. 
 
 n. 2158.— Meissn., JProdr., 467, lOO.—Josephia * Prodr., Suppl., 40.— Eudl., Gen., n. 2159. 
 
 Kn. & Samsb., Frot., 110. — Meissn., Frodr., 481. 
 
 2 Pollen elliptical as in Banksia, according to ' Species 1. H. Saxteri K. Be., Frodr. 
 R- Be. Suppl., 40. — Meissn., in Fl. Freiss., \. 691.— 
 
 3 Species about 50. Likdl., Swan Miv., 33. Fot. Reg., t. XihZ.^Dryandra falcata E. Bb. 
 — KiPP.,in.HboA. Jo«?-«.(1855),121.— Meissn., in Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 213.— Benth. & p'! 
 in ffoob. Jov/rn. (1852), 210 ; (1855), 120; in Mtteil., Fl. Austral., iv. 567. 
 
 Plant. Preiss., i. 265, 595 ; ii. 267. — P. Mueil., « Very rarely polygamous. 
 
PBOTBAOS^. 417 
 
 ovules 2, more frequently 1, descending orthotropous ; style slender 
 exserted, straight or curved ; apex obtuse or capitate, stigmatiferous. 
 Fruit drupaceous; endocarp 1, 2-celled; seeds 1, 2; embryo fleshy ; 
 radicle inferior. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate (more rarely all 
 opposite), entire flat, or maple-like; flowers either solitary or few 
 axillary, or rarely (the leaves being reduced to bracts) in terminal 
 racemes {Australia, New Zealand). See p. 393. 
 
 25. Symphyonema E. Br.' — Mowers nearly of Persoonia; pe- 
 rianth 4-partite deciduous ; leaves equal valvate. Stamens adnate 
 up to middle of perianth ; filaments finally coherent below free 
 anthers. Germen shortly stipitate ; ovules 1, 2, orthotropous de- 
 scending ; style stigmatiferous at apex. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. — 
 Undershrubs or herbs ; leaves alternate (or lower opposite), 3-fid- 
 laciniate ; flowers in axillary and terminal spikes ; bracts cuculate 
 persistent, 1-flowered {Australia"^). 
 
 26. Faurea Harv.'- — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth- 
 leaves equal, 1 finally separating from the rest, making perianth 
 2-labiate ; style protruding between lips. Stamens 4 ; filaments 
 short, concave within ; anthers oblong muticous ; cells 2, discrete 
 parallel 2-rimose. Hypogynous scales 4, triangular-subulate, equal. 
 Germen sessile ; ovule 1, suborthotropous obliquely descending ; 
 style straight, subclavate at apex. Nut ovate bearded, long sur- 
 mounted by persistent style, longitudinally 4-ribbed. — A shrub ; 
 leaves alternate simple ; flowers 1-bracteate in terminal spikes" 
 {South Africa^). 
 
 27. Brabejum L.' — Flowers regular, polygamous. Perianth- 
 leaves 4, linear free deciduous. Stamens 4. Disk hypogynous 
 continuous. Germen sessile ; ovule ] , descending suborthotropous ; 
 
 ' In Trams. lArm. Soc, ji. 48, 157; JProdr., * A genus recalling Andripetalum in some 
 
 370 J Suppl., 11. — Endl., ffen.., n. 2137. — respects, and the Abyssinian species of Leaco- 
 
 Meissw., Frod/r., 327. spermmm in others, but differing from the former 
 
 * Species 2. Rcbm. & Sch., Syst., Mant,, iii. chiefly by its ovule being solitary, from the 
 
 278. — Eeichb., Hort. Sot., ii. 3, t. 107. — latter by its being descending and orthotropous. 
 Endl., laonog., t. 12. — P. MuEii.., Fragm., vi. * Species 1. F. saligna Haet., loc. cit. 
 
 223. — Behth. & P. MUEIL., Fl. Austral, « Gen., n. 85.— J., G-en., 79.— Lamk., Diet., 
 
 V. 377. 459; Suppl., i. 694; III., t. 847 B.— K. Ba., 
 
 ^ In Hoolc. Joum., vi. 373, t. 15.— EuDI., in Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 4S, 164.— Eroi., Gen., 
 
 Gen., n. 2139 ' (Suppl., iv. p. ii. 82).— Meissn., n. 2139.— Meissn., Prodr., Sii.—JBrabi/la L„ 
 
 Frodr., 344. Mantiss., 137. 
 
 VOL. II. E E 
 
418 NATURAL HISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 style slender, clavate at vertically stigmatiferous apex. Drupe dry, 
 somewliat compressed, villous, 1 -seeded. — A tree ; leaves verticillate 
 simple dentate ; flowers in axillary racemes ; bracts many flowered 
 {South Africa!-). 
 
 28. Cenarrhenes Labill." — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite 
 (nearly of Persoonia) ; calyx-leaves 4, free equal deciduous. Stamens 
 4, inserted at base of perianth ; anthers apiculate. Hypogynous 
 glands 4, alternate with stamens. Germen sessile ; ovule 1, de- 
 scending orthotropous ; style capitate stigmatiferous. A drupe ; 
 putamen very hard ; embryo exalbuminous thick. — Grlabrous trees ; 
 leaves alternate rigid- coriaceous flat nearly veinless shining ; flowers 
 in terminal and axillary spikes ; bracts usually 1 -flowered {Oceania^. 
 
 29. Agastachys E. Br." — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite (nearly 
 of Persoonia) ; perianth-leaves 4, elongated equal free, deciduous. 
 Stamens adnate to middle of perianth ; filaments short ; anthers 
 elongated muticous. Hypogynous disk 0. Germen sessile, 3- 
 gonous ; ovule 1, descending orthotropous ; style slender, apex 
 dilated subclavate compressed, 2-fid, laterally stigmatiferous. 
 Fruit .... ? — A glabrous shrub ; leaves alternate j flowers* in 
 numerous axillary and terminal many-flowered spikes ; bracts alter- 
 nate concave, 1-flowered {Tasmania^). 
 
 IV. FBANKLANDIEJ]. 
 
 30. Franklandia E. Br. — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Pe- 
 rianth hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical, straight, persistent ; limb 
 4-fid deciduous; lobes acute, valvate-induplicate deciduous. Sta- 
 mens 4, inserted at middle of perianth ; filaments flattened and 
 elongated, and anthers elongated, adnate to tube of perianth ; 
 
 ' Species 1. B. stellaiifulium 1,,, Spec, eA. 2, Zoc. eii.), with obtusely dentate-serrate leaves; 2 
 
 177 ; Mantiss., 332. — B. stellalifolimn L., New Caledonian, with subentire leaves (Be. & 
 
 Syst., xiii. 764. — B. stellatmn Thumb., Prodr. Gb., in Arm. So. Nat., ser. 5, iii. 203). Benth. 
 
 FL Cap., 31 ; M. Cap., 156. — Bralyla capensis & P. Muell., M. Austral., v. 379. 
 
 L., Mantiss., 137. ■* In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 158; Frodr., 37l ■ 
 
 ^ Nouv.-SoU., 36, t. 50. — R. B-B,., in Trans. Suppl., 11. — Ebdi., Gen,., n. 2136.— Meissn * 
 
 Zinn. Soc, x. 158 ; Frodr., 371 ; Suppl., 12.— Frodr., 328. 
 Lamk., Bid., viii. 855; Suppl., v. 522; III., '"Yellowish." 
 
 t. 914. — Endl., Gen., n. 2137. — Meiss>'., « Species 1. A. odorata R. Be., loc cit.— 
 
 Frodr., 328. Benth. & F. Mueil., Fl. Austr., iv. 379. 
 
 3 Species 3 ; 1 Tasmanian, C. nilida (Laeili., 
 
PBOTEAOH^. 419 
 
 cells 2, longitudinally 3-rimose. Germen long-obconical, much 
 narrowed at base; ovule 1, hanging from nearly top of cell, ortho- 
 tropous ; style fusiform, long-tapering to apex ; extreme apex sub- 
 eapitate stigmatiferous. Nucule stipitate, girded by base of perianth, 
 obconical ; apex concave, bearing a pappus outside ; embryo exalbu- 
 minous fleshy; cotyledons very short.-^A glabrous shrub, covered 
 all over with warty glands ; leaves alternate, dichotomou&ly laciniate ; 
 lobes terete- filiform ; flowers 1-2-bracteate, few in axillary racemes ; 
 pedicels thick rigid short {Australia). See p. 394. 
 
 V. PEOTE^. 
 
 31. Protea L. — Mowers hermaphrodite ; perianth elongated val- 
 vate, 2-labiate on anthesis ; leaves 4-3, coherent into a tip ; 1 free, 
 reflexed or revolute. Stamens 4, opposite ; filaments short ; anthers 
 basifixed linear; cells linear parallel-discrete, introrsely rimose; 
 connective produced beyond cells into subulate or obtuse apiculus. 
 Hypogynous squamules 4. Germen 1-celled ; ovule 1, ascending 
 subanatropous ; micropyle interior extrorse ; style slender subulate 
 persistent, usually compressed at base, at apex subulate, cylindrical 
 or geniculate-subarticulate, stigmatiferous. Nut bearded, crowned 
 by persistent, rather ha,rd style. — Small trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate sessile or petiolate ; coriaceous rigid ; flowers rigid ; flowers 
 capitate ; capitula terminal, globular, hemispherical, or oblong, in- 
 volucrated by persistent imbricated coriaceous often coloured scales ; 
 pale« below each flower persistent, free, or niore or less connate into 
 sheaths {South and Tropical East Africa). See p. 395. 
 
 32. Leucospermum R. Br.' — Flowers nearly of Protea ; perianth 
 regular, finally 2-labiate; claws 3, or more rarely 4, coherent. 
 Stamens 4 ; anthers ovate or oblong, apiculate ; filaments short, 
 often broadly dilated below apex. Hypogynous squamules 4. 
 Germen short ; ovule 1, descending hemitropous, attached laterally; 
 style deciduous, at stigmatiferous apex sometimes subulate, angular, 
 or sulcate, sometimes long-conical or thickened clavate, more rarely 
 
 ' In TroMi. Linn. Soc, x. 48, 95. — Ekdi., 196, 198 (part.). — Diastella Samsb., ex. Endl., 
 Cren., n. 2124. — Meissn., Prodr., 253, 698. loo. ait. — ScolymocephaUs Wbikm., Phyt., iv. 
 — Ccmocarpodendron BoEEH., Lugd.-Bat.^ ii. 292. 
 
 E E 2 
 
420 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 obliquely turbinate and truncate. Nut sessile, ventricose, smooth, 
 1 -seeded. — Small trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, sessile, flat or 
 involute, veined or veinless, entire or callous-dentate at apex, flowers 
 in cylindrical {Bocketia'), or more frequently subglobular spikes 5 
 bracts imbricated around flowers, approximated into an involucre, 
 rarely deciduous (Eochetia), more frequently fastigiate above recep- 
 tacle, after anthesis unchanged deciduous {Biastella'), or indurated 
 {Conocarpodendron), and persisting around fruit {South and East 
 Africcf). 
 
 33. Mimetes Salisb.* — Mowers nearly of Profea ; perianth regu- 
 lar. Anthers 4, apiculate. Hypogynous squamules 4. Grermen 
 sessile ; ovule 1, anatropous ; style fihform. Nut ventricose, smooth. 
 — Shrubs ; leaves alternate, sessile, flat or cucullate, entire or 
 callous-dentate ; flowers capitate ; capitula axillary, or more rarely 
 terminal, embraced by uppermost cucullate leaf, or more frequently 
 surrounded by a coloured involucre ; palege deciduous or 0* {South 
 Jfrica^). 
 
 34. Aulax Berg." — Flowers regular or subregular, dioecious. 
 Perianth 4-leaved, in male flower linear-tubular, in female thicker, 
 broader at base ; margins introflexed. Stamens 4 ; anthers in female 
 flower barren ; in male longer, 2-celled, rimose. Germen sessile ; 
 in male flower barren, in female ovate ; ovule 1, hemitropous, 
 attached laterally ; micropyle inferior ; style tapering, in male flower 
 
 ' Meissn., Prodr., 261 (sect. iii.). Zeueospermum, is divided into three sections. 
 
 ' Meissn., loo. cit., 259 (sect. ii.). These, which are sometimes not properly de- 
 
 ' Species about 2i. Lame., III., t. 53 (Frotea). fined, are as follows : — 1. JEvmimetes, capitula 
 
 — L., Spec, i. 93 ; Mantiss., 191. — Thtthb., axillary ovate-oblong, usually iorming a hairy 
 
 Diss., 38 ; Fl. Cap., 126. — Akbb., Sot. Sepos., leafy spike ; leaves flat, callous-dentate at apex, 
 
 t. 17. — KKiaHT, in Loud. Eneycl., ed. 1, 82. — 2. OroChamrMs, capitula solitary, terminal ; re- 
 
 BuoK., in Drhg. Docum., 85. — Ki., in Krauss. ceptacle very villous, with paleae; leaves quite 
 
 Beitr., 140. — A. Rich., in Compt. Zend. Acad. entire, flat. 3. Pseudomimetes (EbbI:.), capitula 
 
 Par. (1851), i. 229; in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 3, terminal, of Orothamniis solitary, small j leaves 
 
 XV. 369 ; Fl. Abyss. Tent., ii. 232. — Waip., small, patulous, or subulate-filiform. 
 Ann., iii. 327. ^ Species about 15. L., Mantiss., 188. — 
 
 •" Par. Lond., 67. — E. Be., in Trans. Linn. Thunb., Diss., 55 ; Fl. Cap., 136 {Protea). — 
 
 Soo., X. 48, 103. — Endl., Oen., n. 2125. — BEK&., in Act. Holm. (1766), 324 {Leucaden- 
 
 Meissn., Prodr., 262. — Lepidocarpodendron dron). — VoiB., Diet., Swpph, iv. b68 [Protea). — 
 
 BoEEH. (part.). — Sypophyllocarpodendron Lame., III., i. 239 {Protea). 
 BOEKH. (part.).— CoBO^/iOJ-Ms Petiv., Mus., 62 7 Beh&., PI. Cap., 33. — R. Be., in Trams. 
 
 (part.). — Soolymocephalus Heem., Afr., 20 lAnn. Sac., x. 48, 49. — Ehdi., Gen., u. 2119. — 
 
 (part.). — Orotkamnus Pappe, ex Bot. Mag., Meissn., Prodr., 211. — Conophorus Petiv., 
 
 t. 4357. Oazapli., iii. 458 (part.). — Scolymocephalus 
 
 * This genus, scarcely well distinguished from Heem., loc. cit. (part.). 
 
FBOTEACE^, 421 
 
 mucli compressed, in female laterally 2-labiate, stigmatiferous. Nat 
 exserted, bearded, 1 -seeded. — Glabrous shrubs ; leaves alternate ; 
 male flowers in naked, slender, terminal racemes ; female capitate, 
 involucrated by subulate or leaf-like scales, and often surrounded by 
 short 1 -flowered twigs {South Africa!'), 
 
 35? Dilobeia D0P.-Th.^ — Flowers regular, dioecious. Male 
 flower : Perianth 4-leaved ; leaves acute, valvate. Stamens 4 ; 
 hypogynous filaments short, erect ; anthers oblong ; connective 
 apiculate ; cells 2, introrse rimose. Germen free barren ; style 
 linear compressed, longitudinally grooved. Female flowers and fruit 
 unknown. — A lofty tree; leaves alternate, petiolate, long-cordate, 
 narrowed at base, 3-ribbed, veined, coriaceous-glabrous ; midrib pro- 
 longed between 2 lobes into a terminal gland ; flowers crowded on 
 branching spikes in axils of leaves of upper branches ; bracts 1- 
 flowered {Madagascar^). 
 
 36. Leucadendron Herm.^ — Mowers regular, dioecious ; perianth- 
 leaves 4, free or connate at very base. Anthers 4 ; in female flower 
 either linear gland-like, or with 2 sterile cells ; in male flower polleni- 
 ferous, introrse 2-rimose. Hypogynous squamules 4. Germen 
 often compressed-3-goDous ; ovule 1, hemitropous or anatropous, 
 ascending ; style slender, subclavate or obliquely capitate, stigma- 
 tiferous. Nut wingless or samaroid, 1-seeded. — Trees or shrubs ; 
 leaves sessile or petiolate, simple, entire, often heteromorphous (often 
 silky); flowers terminal capitate; involucre pluri- or 1 -seriate; 
 bracts leafy, or more rarely coloured, often finally subligneous in 
 fruit, subconnate at base {South Africa'), 
 
 37. Nivenia E. Br.* — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite ; perianth- 
 
 ' Species 2. L., Spec, ed. 1, 91 {Leucaden- dendros Hebm., Cat. Plulc. — 
 
 •THUlfB., Diss., 43, 46 ; Fl. Cap., 128 Adans., Fam. des PI., ii. 284. — Argyrodendron 
 
 (Protea). — L. fil., Suppl., 118. — Bttbm., Afr., Comm., Sort., ii. 51, t. 26. — Gissonia Salisu., 
 
 193, t. VO, fig. 3 (Pro^ea).— Lame., 111., i. 237. Par. Land., t. 57. — Chasme Salisb., loc. cit.— 
 
 — PoiB., Diet., Supp!.,v. 650 {Protea). — Andb., Haryspernmm Sahsb., loc. cit., t. 75. 
 
 Bot. Repos., t. 248 (Protea). ° Species about 60. L., Manliss., 194 {Frotea). 
 
 ^ Gen. Nov. Madag., 21. — Endi., Gen., — Thunb., J^V. Cap., 180 (Peoiea).— Beeg., in 
 
 n. 6846. — H. Bn., in Adamonia, ix. 243. Act. Eolm. (1766), 324 {Protea). — Lamk., HI., 
 
 ' Species 1 or 2. Ecbm. & ScH., Syst., iii. i. 234. — PoiB., Diet., Snppl., iv. 455 {Protea). 
 
 476, n. 580. e In Tram. Linn. Soc, x. 48, 133.— Enul., 
 
 * Ex PiuKEN., Pli^t., t. 200, fig. 1.— E. Bb., Gen., n. 2127.— Meissn., Prodr., 299, 698.— 
 
 in Trans. Linn. Soc., x. 48, 50. — Endl., Gen., Paranomus Salisb., Par. Land., 67. 
 n. 2120.— Mbibsn., Prodr., 212, GdS.—Leuca- 
 
422 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 leaves dilated at antheriferous apex, deciduous. Anthers 4, sub- 
 sessile.' Hypogynous squamules 4. Germ en sessile ; ovule 1, 
 ascending, anatropous ; style articulated, at base deciduous ; apex 
 subclavate, sulcate, vertically stigmatiferous. Nut sessile, ventricose, 
 1-seeded. — Erect shrubs ; leaves alternate, coriaceous, partite or en- 
 tire ; Bowers in terminal, cylindrical, or capituliform spikes ; bracts 
 1 -flowered, or more frequently 4-flowered ; flowers of eacb capitulum 
 involucrate {South AfricdF). 
 
 38. Sorocephalus E. Br.' — Flowers of Nivenia. E'ut shortly 
 stipitate or emarginate at base, ventricose, 1-seeded. — Erect shrubs; 
 leaves alternate rigid, linear or flat, entire or inferior 2-pinnatifid ; 
 flowers capitate , capitula 1-6-flowered, collected into capitate ter- 
 minal spikes ; involucre of each capitulum 3-6-leaved imbricate, un- 
 changed in fruiting" {South Africa^). 
 
 39. Serruria Salisb." — Flowers (nearly of Nivenia) regular or 
 slightly irregular, hermaphrodite. Perianth tubular ; leaves 4, free, 
 dilated at antheriferous apex. Anthers 4, subsessile, muticous, or 
 shortly apiculate. Hypogynous squamules 4, often minute. Ger- 
 men subsessile ; ovules anatropous, ascending, attached laterally ; 
 style slender, deciduous ; apex clavate or cylindrical, sulcate, verti- 
 cally stigmatiferous. Nut shortly stipitate, ovate, or ventricose, 
 bearded or nearly glabrous, sometimes beaked by style ; 1-seeded. 
 — Shrubs, with aspect of Fetrophila ; leaves alternate ;' flowers 
 capitate ; capitula terminal or pedunculate in highest axils ; solitary 
 corymbose, or more frequently collected into a compound capitulum, 
 involucrate, or more rarely naked {South Africa^). 
 
 ' Shortly apicnlate. ' involucrate ; involucres 4— 6-flowered ; nut emar- 
 
 ^ Species aljoat 12. L., Sappl., 116 (Protea). ginate at base ; leaves flat or filiform, lowest 
 
 — Thunb., Diss., n. 12; M. Cap., 125 (Frotea). rarely 2.pinnatifid. 
 
 — Lamk., Ill, i. 511. — PoiE., Diet, Supp!., ' Species 22. Thunb., Diss., t. 3, 5 (Protea). 
 
 V. 663 (Protea). — E(em. & ScH., Si/si., iii. 388. — Anbb., Boi. Bepos., t. 527 (Protea). — Pont., 
 
 3 In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 48, 139. — Endl., Diet., Sappl., iv. 576 (Protea). — SPBEisra., Syst., 
 
 Gen., n. 2128. — Meissn., Prodr., 303. — So- i. 470. — KfEM. & ScH., Syst., iii. 389. 
 
 ranthe Saiisb., loe. eit. — Spatalla Salisb., loo. ^ Par. Lond., 67. — E. Bb., in Trans. Linn, 
 
 cif., 67 (part.). Soc., a. 48, 112. — Ehdl., Gen., n. 2126. — 
 
 ■• This genus is scarcely well distinguished Meisbn., Prodr., 283, 698. — Serraria Bukm,, 
 
 from Nivenia, whereof it is perhaps to be con- Afr., 264. — Molderlinia Neck., Mem., i. 106 
 
 sidered as a section (?). It is divided into two (part.), 
 
 sections, thus : — 1. Mischocaryon (Endl.), ? Entire, or 2, 3-fld. 
 
 spike nearly naked ; partial involucres 1-3- « Species about 55. Thttnb., M. Cap., 121 
 
 flowered; nut shortly stipitate; leaves filiform, (Protea). — L., Spec, ed. 1, 93 (Proiea). 
 
 entire. 2. Cardioearyon (Endl), spikes sub- Lamk., Diet., v. 658 (Protea). — PoiE., Diet., 
 
FB0TEAGE3<;. 423 
 
 40. Petrophila E. Bb.' — Flowers nearly of Nivenia ; hypogynous 
 squamules 0. Grermen sessile; ovule 1, laterally iBSerted, hemitro- 
 pous or descending suborthotropous ; style slender; persistent at 
 base ; fusiform at apex, or thickened below apex, and constricted 
 articulate at middle; hispidulous all over, or at apex. Nutlet 
 winged or wingless, compressed, pilose on belly, base, or margin ; 
 1 -seeded. — Sbrubs ; leaves alternate, terete-filiform, rarely flat; 
 flowers' capitate ; capitula axillary and terminal, globose or ovoid, 
 rarely cylindrical; bracts indurated, persistent, free or connate' 
 {Australia*). 
 
 41. Isopogon E. Br.' — Flowers nearly of PetropJdla ; style slen- 
 der, cylindrical, or fusiform, continuous or dilated below apex, 
 usually constricted articulate at middle, sometimes glabrous, some- 
 times puberulous on lower joint. Nut sessile, wingless, hairy all 
 over, 1 -seeded. — Shrubs; leaves alternate, rigid, terete or flat; 
 flowers capitate ; capitula strobiliform, terminal, or axillary ; highest 
 leaves approximated subverticiUate, involucrating capitula' {Aus- 
 tralia^) . 
 
 42. Spatalla Salisb.' — Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite; peri- 
 anth-leaves 4, unequal deciduous, dilated at antheriferous apex; 
 upper leaf usually largest. Stamens 4 ; filaments short ; anthers 
 
 Suppl., iv. 5V0 (Protea). — Andb., Bot. Sepos., * A genus very near Petrophila. F. Muelleb 
 t. 264, 349, 447, 507, 512.— R(em. & Sen., has admiraWy distinsuished these genera nearly 
 Syst., iii. 375. — -Loud., Enci/cl., ed. 1, 82. as follows [Fragm., vi. 246). Calyx often parted 
 ' In Trans. Linn. Soc, x. 48, 67 ; Prodr., into sepals in Petrophila, never in Isopogon. 
 363; Suppl., 1. — Endl., Gen., n. 2121. — Tube wholly deciduous in Peiropiito, persisting 
 Meissn., Prodr., 267. — Petrophile Kir. & nearly to maturity in Isopogon. Bracts growing 
 Salisb., Prot., 92. — Atylus Saiisb. (part.). woody in Petrophila, not in Isopogon. Fruit 
 ^ White or yellow, often silky-villous. compressed ciliate in Petrophila, equally targes- 
 ' Sections 4, according to Endiicheb, viz. : — cent, villous at base and all over in Isopogon. 
 1. Arthrostigma, stigma articulate ; nut comose Base of style slender and breaking oif in /so- 
 inside and on narrowed margins; fruit distinct pogon, strong persistent in Petrophila. Peri- 
 from scales. 2. Petrophile, stigma not articu- carp of Isopogon membranous, of Petrophila 
 late ; nut and scales as in Arthrosligma. 3. crustaceous or cartilaginous. Cotyledons broader 
 
 yolepis, stigma not articulate ; fruits in Petrophila, in Isopogon longer and ovate or 
 
 samaroid ; scales connate. 4. Xerostole, stigma elliptical, 
 not articulate ; fruits samaroid ; scales distinct. 'Species about 30. Lindl., in Bot. Heg. 
 
 * Species about 50. LlNDl., Swan Miv., App., (1842), Miso. Not., 39 ; Swan Eiv., 34. — 
 
 35. — Meibsn., in PZ. Prnw,, i. 495 ; ii. 246; in Meissn., in PI. Preiss., i. 504; in Hook. 
 
 JEToofc. JbM»-».(1855), 67.— Kipp., in Sboi.JowB. Journ. (1852), 182; (1855), 69.— P. Mueli.., 
 
 (1855),67.— F. Mtjem,, JVoym., vi. 242, 255. — Fragm., vi. 236.— Bunth. & P. Muell., Fl. 
 
 Benth. & F. MuELi., Fl. Austr., v. 319. Austr., v. 336. 
 
 5 In Tram. Linn. Soc, x. 48, 70 ; Prodr., « Par. Land., 67 (part.).— R. Be., in Trans. 
 
 365; Suppl., 7.— Kn. & Salisb., Prot., 93.- Linn. Soc, x. 48, 143.— Endl., Gen., u. 2129. 
 
 EnbI;., &en., n. 2122. — Meissn., Prodr., 276. — — Meissn., Prodr., 306. 
 Atylas Salisb., lac. oit. (part.). 
 
424 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 ovate, apiculate ; posterior usually largest. Germen subsessile ; 
 ovule 1, ascending anatropous; style slender, deciduous, obliquely 
 dilated at stigmatiferous apex. Nut shortly stipitate. — Heath-like 
 shrubs; leaves alternate, filiform; flowers in terminal spikes or 
 racemes; pedicels 1 -4 -flowered, in volucrate ; perianth-leaves usually 
 unequal, and connate into two lips ; superior lip (of 1 leaf), usually 
 larger entire ; inferior (of 3 leaves) 3 -toothed or 3-fid ; middle lobe 
 usually narrowest' {South Africa'). 
 
 43. Adenauthos Labill.' — Flowers regular or subregular; peri- 
 anth-leaves 4, elongated, straight or curved, finally falling by cir- 
 cumscission above base. Anthers 4, subsessile. Hypogynous scales 4, 
 adnate to persistent base of perianth, only free at flattened acute 
 apex. Germen sessile; ovule 1, descending anatropous;. style 
 slender, articulated at base, longer than perianth ;* apex cylindrical 
 or subclavate, vertically stigmatiferous. Nut sessile, ventricose, 
 ] -seeded. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate, entire or toothed, or partite at 
 apex ; lobes often possessing a callus or gland at apex ; flowers 
 pedunculate, axillary solitary, or terminal subumbellate ; involucre 
 of 3-8 imbricated leaves below perianth {Australia!'). 
 
 VI. STIELINGIEiE. 
 
 44. Stirlingia Endl. — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or poly- 
 gamous. Perianth-leaves 4, at apex spreading reflexed. Stamens 
 4, inserted above middle of perianth ; filaments short, geniculate 
 below apex ; anthers finally exserted, 2-celIed introrse rimose, at first 
 coherent, later free. Germen (in male flower rudimentary or barren) 
 sessile ; ovule 1, ascending anatropous ; style slender glabrous at apex 
 dilated stigmatiferous. Nut obconical hairy 1 -seeded. — Shrubs or 
 undershrubs ; leaves repeatedly dichotoraous ; petioles dilated at 
 base; flowers capitate; capitula pedunculate solitary or more fre- 
 
 ' Sections 2, aooording to Endi. {loc. cit.), ' Nouv.Soll., i. 28, t. 36-38. — R. Be., in 
 
 viz. : — 1. Coilostigma, perianth unequal ; Tram. lAnn. Soo., x. 48, 151 ; Frodr., 367 • 
 
 Btigma concave, cochleariform ; involucre 1- Suppl., 9. — Ehdi., Gen., n. 2130. — Mbissn. 
 
 flowered. — 2. Cyrtostigma, perianth scarcely Prodr., 310. 
 
 unequal ; stigma slightly convex ; involucre * Flower bowed or plicate, 
 
 many-flowered. = Species about 15. Lemh., PI. Preiss., i. 
 
 " Species 17. L., Spec, ed. 1, 91 (Leuca- 512, ii. 148. — LlNDi., Swan Sio., n. 182. 
 
 dendron) 1. — Thunb., Fl. Cap., 127 (Proiea). — Meissn ., in PI. Preiss., i. 512 j ii. 148 ; in Hook. 
 
 PoiB., Bid., Snppl., iv. 577 {Protea). — EosM. Jovm. (1852), 183. — F. MuE].!,., Fragm., vi. 
 
 & ScH., Syst., iii. 392. 204. — Bekth. & P. Mtoll., Fl. Atistr., v.'sso! 
 
PBOTEACE^. 425 
 
 quently racemose ; involucre small or ; bracts 1 -flowered {Aus- 
 tralia). See p. 397. 
 
 45. Conospermum Sm. — Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or ir- 
 regular ; perianth tubular or gibbous behind {Isomerium) ; limb 
 equally 4-partite {Chilurus, Isomerium), or more frequently 2-labiate, 
 with posterior lobe fornicate or subgaleate, and 3 anterior connate into 
 a 3-fid lip. Stamens 4 ; filaments short, inserted at base of limb ; 
 anthers dissimilar; cells of anterior 2 abortive sterile; cells of 
 posterior 2 fertile ; cells of both lateral stamens dissimilar ; anterior 
 cell sterile, posterior fertile, and coherent with adjacent cell of 
 posterior anther to form a spurious cell in the bud, finally sepa. 
 ratyig. Germ en free, horizontally truncate; ovule 1, descending 
 orthotropous ; apex of style obliquely dilated stigmatiferous. Nut 
 pappose 1 -seeded. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate entire, fiat or terete ; 
 flowers in spicate or capitate inflorescences ; inflorescences axillary 
 or terminal, simple or branched, or corymbose; bracts 1-flowered 
 persistent (Australia). See p. 897. 
 
 46. Synaphea E. Br. — Flowers irregular (nearly of Conospermum) 
 resupinate; posterior perianth-leaf broader; posterior stamen and 
 posterior cell of lateral stamens sterile. Germen of Conospermum; 
 ovule descending orthotropous ; style sometimes adnate to sterile 
 anther, sometimes acute or 2-horned. Nut pappose. — Shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate, entire or incised-lobed ; petiole half-sheathing at base ; 
 flowers axillary or terminal, simple or branched ; bracts 1-flowered 
 cucullate persistent {South Australia). See p. 399. 
 
X. LAURAOE^. 
 
 I. CINNAMON SERIES. 
 The study of this order may be commenced by the analysis of the 
 
 Cinnainomv/m zeylanicam. 
 
 Pi&. 240. — Floriferous branch (1). 
 
 Ceylon Cinnamon-tree (figs. 240-243), the type of the genus Cinna- 
 momum} The flowers of C. zeylanicuni are regular and hermaphrodite. 
 
 ' BuBM., -FZ. Zeyl., 62. — Nees, Laur. Disp. daphne Nees, Malabatlirum BtJEM., Parthen- 
 
 Irogr., 11 ; Systema Laurinarwm, 31. — Endi., oxylon Bl.). 
 
 Gen., n. 2023. — MeiSSN., in DC. Frodr., xv. ^ Bebtn., in Bph. Nat. Our., doc. 1, ann. 4, 
 
 sect. i. 9, 503 (incl.: CajnpJiora Nees, Cecido- 139. — Neeb, in Wall. Fl. Aiiat. Mar., ii. 74.— I 
 
LAUBAOEJE. 
 
 427 
 
 The receptacle forms a pretty deep cup, on whose edges are inserted 
 a perigynous perianth and androceum, and which contains the 
 gynseceum in its cavity. The perianth is double : the three outer 
 leaves or sepals are free and equal, coloured, and valvate in the bud. 
 The three inner leaves, alternate with these, form a regular verticil. 
 
 Fio. 241. 
 Flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 242. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fi&. 243. 
 Long, section of flower. 
 
 which must be considered a corolla,^ also of valvate prsefloration (fig. 
 342). The androceum consists of four verticils also trimerous, 
 counting as follows from without inwards : first three oppositisepalous 
 stamens, each consisting of a free filament flattened at the base, and 
 dilated above into a compressed connective which bears on its inner 
 face two pairs of cells, one above the other. Each cell opens by a 
 valve that rises to set free the pollen^ (figs. 241, 243). Next come 
 three stamens similar to these and alternating with them ; then 
 three more differing from the preceding, in that their anther-cells are 
 extrorse or submarginal, while on either side of the base of the 
 filament is a large stipitate gland ; and fourthly come three sterile 
 
 Meissn., Frodr., n. 10. — Cmnamomtim Bubm., 
 Zei/l., 62, t. 27. — C. xeylcmieum vulgare HatnEj 
 Arzn., 12, t. 20. — C. xeylanicum corMfoli'iim 
 Hatste, loc. cit., t. 21. — Cassia cirmamomea 
 Heem., Lugd.-Bat., 129, t. 655, 656. — Cassia 
 lignea Heem., loe. cit. — Laurus Cinnamomtem 
 L., Spec, 528. — i. Cassia Bukm., Fl. Ind., 91. 
 — i. Malabathnim Wall., Cat., n. 2583 A 
 (part.). — Persea Cinnamomnm Spben&., Sj/st., 
 ii. 567. 
 
 ' Because they appear simultaneously in the 
 hud, not one after another, like the leaves of the 
 outer whorl. Here their consistency and colour 
 
 cfln decide nothing. Payee (Organog. Comp., 
 471, t. 96) ohserves this : — " Their simultaneous 
 appearance on the receptacle shows clearly that 
 they are petals, not sepals as A. L. db Jussietj 
 thought. Adanson, who so clearly recognised 
 (Fam. des PL, ii. 426) the axile nature of the 
 rim of the cup that bears the sepals, also de- 
 scribes this inner whorl of the floral envelopes as 
 a corolla." 
 
 ^ The pollen of the true Zauracece usually 
 consists of large spherical grains free from 
 pores and folds. 
 
428 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 anthers superposed to the petals, containing no pollen in their 
 anthers, which are transformed into a large glandular mass. The 
 gynaeceum, formed of a single carpel,* consists of a free ovary sur- 
 mounted hy a nearly central style,^ whose apex is dilated into a 
 stigmatiferous head. Within the single cell of the ovary is seen a 
 parietal placenta, superposed to a petal (fig. 242), and giving in- 
 sertion near the top to a single descending anatropous ovule, whose 
 micropyle looks upwards and towards the placenta.^ The fruit is a 
 berry," the base of which is surrounded by the persistent receptacle 
 and perianth ; the enclosed seed contains within its coats' a large 
 exalbuminous embryo, with fleshy concavo-convex cotyledons, and a 
 straight superior radicle." The Ceylon Cinnamon-tree is an aromatic 
 tree, whose opposite petiolate exstipulate leaves have a thick entire 
 blade, penniveined, three-ribbed at the base. Its flowers form 
 ramifled racemes' of biparous cymes at the ends of the branches. 
 Each flower is axillary to a bract, and its pedicel bears two opposite 
 lateral fertile bracts (fig. 240), 
 
 In certain species of Cinnamomum the leaves are alternate. This 
 is the case with the Camphor-plant of Japan (fig. 244), which has 
 been considered the type of a distinct genus, under the name 
 CampJiora' officinarum? In this the leaf-buds are protected by rigid 
 imbricated scales, and the perianth, separating circularly at its base 
 during the ripening of the fruit, leaves the base of the latter 
 
 ' MeiSSNEe (Frodr.,2) holds tbat the gyn- coat, whitish in the fresh seed; a thin brittle 
 
 seceum of the LawraceiB is primitively composed testa, and a tender brown membrane. Here, 
 
 of three carpellary leaves : — " Pistils 2, 3, inti- as in many other Lauracea, the teguments 
 
 mately connate into 1 ; ovary formed of 2, 3, are often spotted or " chine" with dark 
 
 valvately connate . . . . ; placentas 2, 3, parietal purple. 
 
 rib-like, except the fertile one." Observations * The radicle cannot be seen from the outside 
 
 on its development have overthrown this of the embryo. The two cotyledons descend a. 
 
 theory. good way below the insertion on the tigellum, 
 
 2 It is traversed by a longitudinal groove on each forming a half sheath, thus completely en- 
 the placentary side, contimied in many Lauraceen closing the radicle, and even prolonged below its 
 up to the dilated stigmatiferous end, which it tip. The whole of the embryo is sprinkled with 
 notches. This groove ends in a rather broad reservoirs of essential oil. 
 
 pit near the top of the ovary, where the pla- ? Their divisions are opposite, decussate, like 
 
 centa ends a little above the insertion of the those of the stem and the leaves. 
 
 ovule. ^ Nees, in Wall. PI. Asiat. Mar., ii. 61, 72 ; 
 
 3 It has two coats. Syst., 87. — Endi,., Qen., n. 2024. 
 
 * The walls are thin, not very fleshy, and dry » C. Batjh., Pin., 500. — Lamms camphorifera 
 up early. Many other Lawacea have these Ka;MPE., Amcen., 770. — i. Camphora L. Mat. 
 stoneless fruits, with a thin scarcely fleshy Med., 107. — Persea Camphora Speen&., Svsf.', 
 pericarp, and often described as bacca sicca or ii. 268. — Cinnamomum Camphora Nees &, 
 exsucca {dry or juiceless berries). Ebeem., Med. Ph. Bot., ii. 430 ; PI, Off. 
 
 * These are thin ; three layers can, however, t. 127. — Meibsn., Prodr., n. 44. 
 be distinguished — viz., a soft cellular external 
 
LAOBAGBM. 
 
 429 
 
 surrounded only by a cupule formed by the hardened persistent 
 receptacle.' 
 
 Cinnamorrmm CampTiora. 
 
 Fia. 24-d.. 
 Flowering bnincb (i) 
 
 The genus Cinnamomum consists of fine trees or shrubs, all natives 
 of tropical and subtropical Asia. Their foliage is persistent. Their 
 flowers are small, yellowish-green or whitish. A very large number' 
 of species have been described, which may be reduced to about fifty. 
 
 ' These two last characters alone distinguish 
 the section Canyphora from the section Mala- 
 bathrum, which also contains some species with 
 alternate leaves. In the latter section the upper 
 part alone of the perianth comes off at a certain 
 age, so that the receptacular cupule remains 
 crowned by six truncate teeth. Its leaf-hnds 
 are naked, or only protected by qnite rudi- 
 mentary scales. The section CampTiora includes, 
 "besides the true Camphor-plants, CecidodapJine 
 (Nebs, in Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear., ii. 61 ; SysL, 
 202; — Endl., Gen., n. 2035), Parthenoxylim 
 (Bl., Mm. Lugd.-Bat., i. 322 ;— MlQ., Fl. 
 
 Ind.-Bat., i. 916), which differ in no absolute 
 character. 
 
 ' GaiBTN., Fmct., ii. (1791), t. 92 (Laims). 
 — Jacq., Collect., iv. t. 3. — Bl., JBydr., 570; 
 MumpUa, .25, t. 10-21. — Hook., Mxot. M., 
 t. 126.— Don, ProAr. Fl. Nepal., 66.— Sieb. & 
 Ztrcc, in Ahh. d. Miincli. Akad., iv. 3, 202. — 
 MiQ., Analect., iii. 14 ; Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 895.— 
 Wight, Icon., t. 125, 131.— Thw., Enum. PI. 
 Zejil., 253.— Benth. & F. Mtjell., Fl. Austr., 
 V. 303. In these species the leaves are sometimes 
 opposite, sometimes alternate. 
 
430 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Next to Cinnamomum come five other genera, which have the 
 same flower, and only differ in characters of very slight value, such 
 as the nervation of the leaves, the disproportion of the two whorls 
 of the perianth, and the behaviour of the perianth floral receptacle 
 and pedicel after anthesis. These are Phcebe, MacJdhs, Alseodaphne, 
 Fersea, and Nothaphoebe. In the genus Phcebe, consisting of trees 
 from both Worlds, the whole perianth persists around the fruit, 
 becoming dry and indurated, especially at the base, which is con- 
 tinuous with the slightly swollen top of the pedicel. The perianth 
 of Machilus is also persistent, its divisions are more or less reflexed 
 near their non-indurated apex, and the pedicel is not thickened. 
 The leaves are penniveined. Alseodaphne has a deciduous perianth ; 
 so that below the fruit we only find the ill-developed receptacle 
 surmounting a large swollen club-shaped pedicel, more or less 
 fleshy and sprinkled with glands on the surface. In the Avo- 
 cados {Persea ; Fr., Avocatier) the perianth persists nearly 
 always, though not constantly, sometimes coming ofi" with the 
 receptacle itself. The pedicel is thickened more or less, but 
 never so much as in Alseodaphne ; and the three inner divisions 
 of the perianth are very often larger than the outer ones. This 
 disproportion between the sepals and petals is still more marked 
 in Nothaphcebe, in certain species of which the former almost dis- 
 appear. The pedicel is slightly thickened, and the perianth per- 
 sists, without enlarging around the base of the fruit. It will be 
 evident, from the slight importance of these characters, that we 
 have here a very natural group, and that to make its study possible 
 by subdivision, we are compelled to use other than well-marked 
 features. 
 
 Apollonias, whose flowers have the same organization as in Cinna- 
 momum, is easily distinguished by its anthers possessing only two 
 cells instead of four. The same number is also found in the three 
 genera Hufelandia, Nesodaphne, and Haasia, which differ from 
 Apollonia only in such characters as distinguish the other genera 
 with quadrilocular anthers from Cinnamomum. In Beilschmiedia the 
 'ovary presents a new peculiarity : it is incompletely divided by a 
 false septum into two cavities. 
 
 In this series we also place two exceptional genera, Aiouea and 
 Potameia. The former has two-celled stamens, as in the preceding 
 genera; but the perianth is short in proportion to the receptacle; 
 
ZAURAGBM. 
 
 431 
 
 Aioiiea tenella. 
 
 and this last is elongated, and forms a large cornet, in the bottom of 
 which is at first hidden the gynseceum. The fruit is however 
 naked, for the perianth comes away with the upper part of the 
 receptacle in a circular piece after anthesis, and the 
 pedicel swells into a fleshy glanduliferous mass, as in 
 Alseodaphne (fig, 245). 
 
 The genus Potameia^ was formerly ill-known, and 
 wrongly referred to Froteacece^ no doubt because of 
 its quaternary perianth and androceum. Only one 
 species is known,' a native of Madagascar. Its fruit is 
 naked, on a non-accrescent pedicel as in Machilus ; 
 but its flower is constructed on a binary type. On 
 the rim of the shallow concave receptacle are inserted 
 two sepals, opposite each other ; next come, more in- 
 ternally, two other leaves, which resemble the former 
 in size and colour, and represent the corolla. The 
 androceum consists of four stamens superposed to the 
 perianth-leaves, all introrse two-celled, with their fila- 
 ments much dilated and as it were petaloid below. 
 Two other stamens, each accompanied by two lateral glands at the 
 base, form a third whorl ; but these remain sterile. Those of the 
 fourth whorl are nearly always absent, or are only represented by 
 very short sterile scales. 
 
 Fia. 245. 
 Fruit. 
 
 II. CEYPTOCAEYA SEEIES. 
 
 Cryptocarya^ has hermaphrodite flowers, formed like those of 
 Cinnamomum, if we look only at the upper part, posses^iing the same 
 perianth and the same androceum of twelve stamens, the three 
 innermost sterile, the others fertile (viz., six exterior introrse, and 
 three interior extrorse, and possessing two basilar lateral glands) ; 
 but their anthers are two-celled, and the floral receptacle is 
 much deeper, forming a thick-walled pouch, in the bottom of which 
 is inserted the gynteceum. And as this last, which in other respects 
 
 ' Dup.-Th., Chen. Nov. Madag., 16. — Endl., 
 Oen., 340; Suppl., iv. p. ii. 81. — Meissn., in 
 DC. Prodr., xiv. 328. — H. Bit., in Adansonia, 
 in. 241. 
 
 2 See p. 400. 
 
 ' P. Tlwuarsii KcEM. & SCH., Syst., iii. 476. 
 
 — CoMsjera madagascariensis Speeno., Sust., i. 
 453. 
 
 " K. Be., Prodr. Nov.-Holl., 402. — Nees, 
 Syst., 192, 205, 222, 675.— Endi.., Gen., n. 
 2036.— Meissn., Prodr., 68, 507. 
 
432 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Cryptocarya 
 infectoria. 
 
 Fio. 246. 
 Fruit (f). 
 
 resembles that of Cinnamomum, becomes transformed into the one- 
 seeded fruit, the receptacle goes on increasing in height and 
 thickness, so . as to envelope the whole fruit. On 
 top thereof (fig. 246) is seen a narrow opening: 
 this is surrounded by the scars of the perianth in 
 Cryptocarya ; but the perianth persists to the last 
 in Cyanodaphne^ of which some have made a sepa- 
 rate genus. Or again the accrescent receptacle is 
 closely applied and almost adnate to the pericarp, 
 as we find in Caryodaphne^ similarly made by 
 some a distinct genus, and reduced by us to a 
 section of the genus Cryptocarya. Thus constituted,' 
 this genus consists of trees and shrubs, with their 
 leaves alternate, and their flowers in ramified axil- 
 lary and terminal racemes of cymes. They inhabit nearly all 
 tropical regions. Of the forty -three known species," five or six 
 are American. 
 
 Boldu^ has altogether the flowers of Cryptocarya ; the same 
 receptacle and perianth, the same androceum, with nine of its 
 stamens fertile and two-celled, the same gynseceum inserted in 
 the bottom of the receptacular sac. But the last, instead of 
 becoming thickened, as in Cryptocarya, remains thin, dry, and 
 fragile. It forms a completely closed sac around the fruit, and is 
 covered by the scars of the perianth ; it breaks, however, at the 
 least touch, and it is often the fruit itself that appears by its 
 growth to burst it and make it fall at a variable period. Only 
 two species of Boldu are known," trees from Chili, with their 
 leaves opposite, or nearly so, and with axillary inflorescences like 
 those of Cryptocarya. 
 
 ' Bl., Mus. Imgd.-Bat., i. 333. — Meissn., 
 Prodr., IG. 
 
 2 Bi,., ex Nees, Syxt., 925. — Endl., Oen., 
 n. 2037.— Meissn., Frodr., 77. 
 ^ Cryftocaurya : 
 
 i 1. Biicryptocaryck, 
 Sect. 3. < 2. Cyanodaphne. 
 (_ 3. Ca/ryodaphne. 
 " Wall, pi. As. Ma/r., ii. 61, 69.— Zoii,., 
 Verz., 113.— E. Mey., in PI. Q-eogr., 77, 99, 
 176. — Bl., Sijdr., 556, 557 ; Mm. Lagd.-Bat., 
 i. 333, 334; EumpMa, i. t. 46 (Dehaasia). — 
 MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 920, 925, 926.— Thw., 
 Ermm. PL Zeyl., 254. — A. Beaun., in Verh. 
 
 des Ver. z. Bef. d. Gartenh. in Preuss, xxi. 
 11 {Caryodaphne). — HoOK., Journ., iv. 418. 
 — Meisstt., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Laurac, 163, 
 t. 56. — Benth. & F. Mtjell., Fl. Austr., v. 
 2d4. — Walp., Ann., i. 576 {Oreodaphne). 
 
 * Fettill., Mist, 11, t. 6.— Nees, Syst., 122, 
 177.— Endl., Gen., n. 2039. — Meissh., Prodr., 
 67, 506.— BellotaC. Gat, Fl. Chil., v. 298, t. 59. 
 
 « The best known is the Boldu, Bellota or 
 Ulmo of the Chilians, B. chilanum Nees {Sysf., 
 
 178, 672 ; — Boldu arbor olicifera Fetjill. ; 
 
 Boldus cUlensis MoLiN., Chil., 158; — Laurus 
 Belloio MiEfis ; — Adenostemum nitidum Bebi. 
 (nee Pees.). — Bellota Miersii C. Gatj. 
 
LAUB.AGEIE. 
 
 433 
 
 JRavensara} (figs. 247, 248) "has also the flower^ of Cryptocarya, 
 with a receptacle that becomes thick and woody and closely sur- 
 rounds the fruit, which it 
 
 Havensara aronaiica. 
 
 Fi&. 247. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Fig. 2J8. 
 Transverse sectio'n of fruit. 
 
 encloses completely. But this 
 receptacle presents a most re- 
 markable peculiarity. While 
 the fruit is enlarging inside, 
 six false septa, springing from 
 the inner wall of the recepta- 
 cular pouch,' grow in towards 
 the centre, where they finally 
 unite. The pericarp, seed- 
 coats, and even the embryo 
 itself, penetrated and pushed 
 
 from without inwards by these, aSre so deformed as to be divided 
 into six lobes nearly all the way up. It is only at the apex that 
 the septa do not unite," thus leaving entire the part of the seed 
 containing the tigellum, radicle, and attachment of the cotyledons. 
 This genus consists of trees from Madagascar, with alternate leaves 
 and inflorescences like those of Cfyptodarya.^ ' 
 
 Next to these come several other genera, which, with the flower 
 of Cryptocarya, have around the fruit a thickened persistent recep- 
 tacle, not septate, but distinguished by the details of the form of 
 those parts of the perianth and pedicel that persist around the 
 pericarp. These are Ampelodaphne, Ayctendron, and Acrodididium. 
 In the two last the valves covering the anther-cells are very 
 small, and fall early ; so that the dehiscence has been thought 
 porricidal. 
 
 The three genera Silvia, Endiandra (fig. 249), and Dicfyodaplirtg 
 
 ' SONNBE., Voy. Ind. Or. (1782), ii. 101, 
 t. 103, fig. 2. — PoiE., Die*., vi. 81 ; III., t. 825. 
 — H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. 243. — Agatho- 
 pliyllum 3., Qen. (1789), 43^. — Scheeb., Qen., 
 ed. 2, n. 1754.— Nees, Syst., 192, 231.— Endl., 
 Gen., n. 2038.— Meissn., Prodr., 109. 
 
 ^ The stamens are described as quadrilocellate 
 by most authors, notably by Meisbnbe. In the 
 flowers that I have analysed, they had only two 
 cells. 
 
 ' Corresponding with the middle lines of the 
 perianth-leaves. 
 
 * They are here obliquely truncate downwards 
 and inwards. The septa are also wanting below, 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 for a very short distance corresponding with tlia 
 insertion' of the fruit on the base of the re- 
 ceptacle. 
 
 * Of the thl-ee or four known species the most 
 ■ famous is the Vowrmiendsara of Flacoub* 
 {^ist. Madag.:, 125), the Mavensara, Rmiri' 
 dxm-a of the natives, or Madagascar Spice (Mpice 
 de Madagascar). This is iS. aromatica Lamk. 
 {Diet., vi. 81 ; — PlBS., Sgn., ii, 1 ;— Media 
 Mavensara GiESTN., Fruct., ii. 101, t. 103; — 
 Lamk,, III., t. 404, 825 ; — Agathophyllum aro- 
 maticum W., Spec,, ii, 842 ; — PoiE., DM., 
 Suppl., iv. 656;— Bl., Mus. Lagd.-Bat., i. 339; 
 — Meissn., Prodr., 110, n. 1). 
 
 F p 
 
434 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 ^Tidiandra virejK. 
 
 have only the three stamens of the third row; their anthers are ex- 
 trorse. The outer stamens are found as scales, or little gland-like 
 masses, in the second of these genera. 
 
 In Misanteca, too, these, three stamens are 
 alone fertile ; but they are monadelphous. The 
 outer stamens are sterile and ill-developed, and 
 the flowers form capitula. 
 
 The Bornean genus Bihnnia has nine petal- 
 loid sterile stamens, and the three stamens of 
 the third row fertile and extrorse ; the anthers 
 are said to have four cells instead of two. 
 
 The anthers are also four-celled in Mespilo- 
 daphne ; but the whole nine outer stamens are 
 fertile, as in Oreodaphne, and the woody sac, varying in its depth 
 and in the height to which it surrounds the fruit, has a thick, single 
 or double, truncate rim. Mespilodaphne may then be considered as 
 Cryptocarya, with anthers that open by four valves. 
 
 Fia. 249. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fl&. 250. 
 Fruit. 
 
 III. OCOTEA SEEIES. 
 
 Ocotea} (fig. 260) has nearly the floral organization 
 of Cinnamomuni, and is only distinguished therefrom 
 by a set of characters that would appear of slight 
 importance in themselves in any other order. But 
 these characters, taken together, may be made to 
 suffice for the foundation of an artificial series such 
 as is especially useful in the study of so homogeneous 
 a family as this. The concave receptacle, the perianth 
 androceum and gynseceum, are in some species analo* 
 gous to the same parts in Cinnamomum. But the 
 staminodes (of the fourth whorl) are quite absent in 
 certain species, or when not quite absent are reduced to 
 little sessile scales. The flowers are sometimes herma- 
 phrodite, but are more frequently, nay, nearly always, 
 
 1 AuEL., Ouian., ii. 780.— J,, Oen., 80.— viii. 46; Sijst., 355.— Endl., Gen., n. 2048. — 
 
 Nebs, Syst., 354, 371 (part.). — Ehdi., Gen,., Svonymodapltne Nees, Syst., 244, 263. — Endl., 
 
 n. 2054. Oreodaphne Nbes, in Linncea, viii. Gen., n. 2041. — Leptodaphne Nees, Syst., 354, 
 
 39 ; xxi.' 515 ; Syst, 350, 380 (part.). — Eitol., 859 (part.). — Ekdl., Gen., n. 2049.— ^de»o- 
 
 Gen., -a. 2052.— MeiSSK., Prodr., iii. 510. — trachelima, Agriodaphne, Aperiphracta, Cera- 
 
 PetalantTiera Nees, Syst., 342, 347.— Endl., mocarpinm, Ceramophora Neeb (ex Meissn., 
 
 Gen, 11. 2046. — Teleiandra Nees, in lAnncea, he. cit.). 
 
LAUBACEM. 435 
 
 dioecious or polygamous. The fruit is a berry, resting on tKe more or 
 less decided concavity of a cupuliform receptacle with truncate edges, 
 which never envelopes it to more than a third of its height (fig. 250). 
 The seed is fleshy, and its embryo is exalbuminous. Ocotea belongs 
 to the tropical and subtropical regions of America, excepting some 
 species from Africa and the Canary Islands. Their leaves are 
 opposite, usually thick, coriaceous, and penniveined. The flowers 
 are small and numerous, collected into ramified racemes of cymes in 
 the axils of the leaves or at the ends of the branches. About a 
 hundred and fifty species of this genus' are known. 
 
 Nectandra leucantha, NectanAra Fuchwry major. 
 
 Fjq. 251- Fig. 252. 
 
 Stamen (f ). Part of the embryo. 
 
 Next to Ocotea come several genera only differing in the details 
 of the behaviour of the pedicels, receptacle, and perianth after an- 
 thesis : Stryclinodaphne, Camphoromcsa, and Gymnohalanus. 
 
 Nectandra (figs. 251-252), with the same fioral organization, is at 
 once distinguished by the thickness of the expanded, almost fleshy 
 perianth, and the singular form of the stamens, whose four cells are 
 placed in a nearly horizontal or curved row (fig. 251). Pleurothyrimn 
 and Dicypellium (of which the fertile androceum is stUl unknown) 
 appear to differ from Nectandra in only secondary characters. 
 
 Synandrodaplme may be considered as Ocotea with the stamens 
 coherent at the base. Symphysodaphne has also a monadelphous an- 
 droceum, as in Acrodiclidium and Misanteca, but there are only three 
 fertile stamens, united into a tube with the a,nthers at the top. 
 
 Sassafras^ (figs. 253-255) has the general organization of Ocotea 
 
 1 MmsSN., ProAr,, 112-139 j in Mart. Fl. Nees, Sh/st., 487.— 'EiiDI,., Oen., n. 2056.— 
 Bras., Lam-<fc., 103, t. 76-83 (Oreodaphne), Mbissn., Prodr., 170, 513.— JSvosmus NuTT., . 
 
 2 Bauh., Pin., 431 Ray, Bist., 1568.— Gen. Amer., i. 259. f, 
 
 F F 2 
 
436 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 with dicecious or polygamous flowers. The stamens are free ; but 
 the anthers of all are four-celled and introrse, and there are no in- 
 terior sterile stamens. The fruit (fig. 255) is nearly naked, and its 
 
 Sassafras officinale. 
 
 FlO. 254. 
 Male flower, diagram. 
 
 PiO. 255., 
 Trnit (I). 
 
 base is surrounded by the persistent perianth and receptacle sur- 
 mounting a dilated, club-shaped pedicel. The leaves (fig. 253) are 
 caducous and three-ribbed, and polymorphous, some entire, others 
 lobed. The inflorescences are accompanied by scaly bracts which 
 envelope them completely when young. This genus contains but 
 two species, of which the best known is the Sassafras-tree [S. offici- 
 nalis^), a fine tree from North America. The genus Sassafridium? 
 differs from the preceding one in its flowers being hermaphrodite, 
 not diclinous, in its non-persistent perianth, and in its possessing 
 
 I Sassaffras officinale Nees, Sj/sL, 4S8. — Persea Sassaffras Speeng., Syst., ii, 276. 
 
 Lamms Sassafras L., Sort. Cliff., 154 ; Mat. Cornus mas odorata, &c., Pltikn., Almag., 222, 
 
 Med., 1.08.— BlACKW., Herb., t. 267. — ^Nebs, t. 6. — Catesb., Carol., i. 55, t. 55. 
 PI. Offic., t. 131.— "Hatnb, Arzn., 12, t. 19. — " jieissn ., Prodv., 171. 
 
LAUBACBM. 
 
 437 
 
 three staminodes internal to its nine fertile stamens i 
 species is known," from Central America. 
 Goeppertia has two-celled anthers. 
 
 Only one 
 
 IV. TETEANTHERA SEEIES. 
 
 TetrantJierd (figs. 256, 257) has dioecious flowers/ The perianth 
 has six divisions, and the androceum, sterile in the female flowers, 
 consists of from nine to twelve stamens, inserted round the rudi- 
 mentary gynseceum, which is sometimes altogether absent. These 
 stamens open by four introrse valves.'' In the female flower is a 
 fertile gynseceura formed of a uniovulate ovary surmounted by a 
 style, whose dilated stigmatiferous head is more or less markedly 
 lobed.* The fruit is a one-seeded berry, supported on the shallow 
 receptacle which alone persists at its base after the fall of the 
 perianth. In certain species we find from twelve to fifteen or 
 eighteen fertile stamens, or even from thirty to thirty- six. In this 
 case, more than three (sometimes as many as six) may possess two 
 basilar lateral glands. In other species the re- 
 ceptacle forms a deeper cup with truncate edges, 
 and may be deep enough to conceal half the frait. 
 For these species a special genus, CylicodapJme, 
 has been created. Of the true Tetrantheras some 
 ninety species are known, trees or shrubs from 
 tropical Asia and the neighbouring parts of Oceania; 
 and some are Australian or American. Their leaves 
 are alternate or rarely opposite, penniveined. The 
 flowers are united in groups of at least four to form 
 little pedunculate umbels or capitula, protected by involucres of 
 from four to six imbricate bracts. These little inflorescences spring 
 
 Tetrwaihera gltmca. 
 
 Fia. 256. 
 Male flower (4). 
 
 ' S. veragiiense Mbissn., loc. cit. 
 
 2 Jacq., Sort. Schcenbr., i. 59, t. 113. — 
 G/EETir., Friict., iii. 225, t. 122. — Nebs, in 
 Wall. Fl. Asiat. Rar., ii. 64; Syst., 508. — 
 Endl., Gen., n. 2059. — Meissn., Prodr., Ill, 
 514.— Bbnth. & F. MuEiL., Fl. Austr., v. 304. 
 — lAtsma liAMK., Diet. iii. 574 (nee J.). — 
 Tomex Thttkb., Fl. Ja/p., 190.— J., Gen., 440. 
 — Sebifera LoTTB., Fl. Cochinch., ed. TJlyssip. 
 (1790), 637. — HexcmtJms LouK., op. oil. — Fiwa 
 Gmbl., Syst.flih. — Berrya Kiein (nee RoxB.). 
 — ? Glabrdria L., Mdntiss.j 156. — Schbbb., 
 Gen,., n. 1219 (ex Meissk.). ' 
 
 ' They are oecasionally polygamous. 
 
 ■* According to H. MoHi (in Ann. Sc. Nat., 
 ser. 2, iii. 313) the pollen is spherical, without 
 pores or folds in T. macrophjlla ; and spherical, 
 with some^ twelve non-graaulated spots, in Tomex 
 tetrarhfhera, which appears to belong to this 
 genus. 
 
 * The male and female flowers are pretty 
 frequently constructed on the 4-type in cul- 
 tivated species. This is the case with the one 
 whose diagram is given in fig. 257, and which 
 had eight perianth-leaves, twelve stamens, all 
 introrse, and a sterile ovarj. 
 
438 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Tetranthera japomca. 
 
 o 
 
 singly or in variable numbers from a little axillary bud ; tbey are 
 more rarely united into a sort of raceme or corymb on a common 
 leafless axis. 
 
 Next to Tetranthera and Cylicodaphne come tbree genera with nearly 
 similar flowers enclosed in scaly buds. The 
 flowers are solitary in Dodecadenia, numerous in 
 ActinodapJine and Litscea ; of these last two 
 genera the former has nine stamens, the latter 
 from four to six. 
 
 Hapknidium, in other respects resembling 
 ActinodapJine, has two- celled anthers. This is 
 also the case in Polyadenia, Aperula, Lindera, 
 Fig. 257. and Laurus ; but in these the flowers are sur- 
 
 Tctramerous male flower, roundcd, uot bv bud-scales, but bv an involucre 
 
 diagram. ' j « 
 
 comparable to that of Tetranthera. In Aperula 
 there are from six to nine fertile stamens, and the innermost 
 (from four to six) have lateral basilar glands. In Polyadenia all the 
 stamens possess these. In Lindera^ (the Benzoin-plants), of which 
 an American species has long been cultivated in our gardens under 
 the name oi Laurus Benzoin,^ the flowers (figs. 258-260) are dioecious, 
 
 lAndera Benzoin, 
 
 Fig. 258. 
 Male flower (J). 
 
 Fig. 259. 
 Female flower (f ) 
 
 Fig. 260. 
 Long, section of female flower. 
 
 with a perianth of six caducous leaves. The stamens, sterile in the 
 female flower, are nine in number, all fertile introrse and two-celled, 
 in the male. It is usually only the three innermost that have the 
 
 ' THtiNB,, Fl. Jaf., 9, 145, t. 21.— Euri., 
 Gen., n. 68 18. — Meissn., Pr-odr., 243. — Ben- 
 zoin Nees, in Wall. PL Asiat. Mar., ii, 61, 63 ; 
 Si/st., 486, 493.— Endl., Gen., ■■. 2057. 
 
 2 L., HoH. Cliff., 134 ; Spec, 1, 580.— W., 
 Spec, ii. 485.— PUKSH, Fl. Amer. Sept., i. 276. 
 '^L. pseudo-Benzoin MjOHX,, Fl, Bor.-Amer., 
 
 i. 24S.—Fvosmus Benzoin Ntttt., Gen. Amer., 
 i. 259. — Benzoin odori/enim Nees, Syst., 497. 
 — Lindera cestivalis Mh., Mus. Ijugd.-Bat., i. 
 
 324. — L. Benzoin Meissn., Prodr., 244, n. 1. 
 
 Arhor virginiana citrcB- v. limoniifolia Commel., 
 Mart. Amst., i. 189, t. 197.— Plukbt., Almag ' 
 43, t. 139, fig. 3, 4. 
 
LAUBA0H2E. 
 
 439 
 
 pair of lateral glands/ The gynseceum, rudimentary in the male 
 flower, is otherwise similar to that of Lauraceee generally. The style 
 is dilated into a terminal stigma, often divided into two or three 
 lobes. The fruit is a berry, surrounded at the base by a cup with 
 entire or six-toothed edges. As many as fifteen species^ of this genus 
 have been described, trees or shrubs from Japan, tropical Asia, and 
 North America. The leaves are alternate caducous, often not de- 
 veloped tUl after the flowers. These are arranged as in the preceding 
 genera in a sort of umbel surrounded by an involucre of five imbri- 
 cated bracts. 
 
 The true Laurels' (Fr., Lauriers) now comprise but two species. 
 The better known is the Classic Laurel {Laurier d'Ajwllon ; figs. 
 261-263"). It has dioecious or polygamous flowers, with a perianth 
 
 Laurus nolilis. 
 
 6> 
 
 ^ 
 
 «:°> 
 
 ^ 
 
 c^ 
 
 Fio. 262. 
 Fruit (f). 
 
 Midu flower, diagram. 
 
 Fie. 263. 
 Long, section of fruit. 
 
 of four petaloid caducous leaves.* In the male and hermaphrodite 
 flowers are from eight to twelve stamens, all possessing a free fila- 
 ment and an introrse two-celled anther, whose cells open by the rising 
 of a valve. The innermost, from fonr to eight in number, have two 
 lateral glands.' In the female flowers there are usually only four 
 
 ' This is exceptionally the case with the six 
 innermost. 
 
 ^ Walt., Carol., i. 134 {Lawns). — Sieb. & 
 Zttco., in AWi. Mmch. Acad., iv. p. iii. 205. — 
 Bi., Mm. Lugd.-Bat., i. 824. — Sieb., Fl. JScon., 
 in Verh. Bat. Gen., xii. 23 (Sassafras). 
 
 3 Laurus T., List., 597, t. 367 (nee BiJim.). 
 — Adaks., Fam. des PI., ii. 433 (part). — J., 
 .Gen., 80 (part.).— GjiRTW., Fitict., ii. 68, t. 92. 
 
 — Lamk., Diet, iii. 440, Suppl., iii.; III., t. 321. 
 — Nees, in Wall. PL Asiat. Bar., ii. 61 ; S^it., 
 502, 579. — Ekm., Gen., u. 2061. — Meissn., 
 Prodr., 233, 258, 516. 
 
 ■■ In cultivated plants, the number of parts to 
 the whorl varies considerably (from two or three 
 to seven or eight). 
 
 5 We have often found the following arrange- 
 ment of parts in the male flower : a perianth of 
 
4-W NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 stamens at the most, sterile and alternating with the perianth-leaves ; 
 the gynseceum, sterile and undeveloped in the male flower, is here 
 formed as in most Lauracea, and contains a descending anatropous 
 ovule' with its micropyle applied to the placenta. The fruit (figs. 
 262, 263) is a berry, at whose base is seen the scar left by the fallen 
 perianth ; it contains a seed with a thick fleshy oily embryo.'' The 
 Laurels are trees with persistent alternate leaves. Their flowers form 
 small pedunculate umbels, surrounded by an involucre of several 
 imbricated bracts and collected in variable numbers on a little com- 
 mon axis' axillary to a leaf. The Classic Laurel* appears to come 
 from Asia Minor ; the other species of the genus, L. canariensis,^ in- 
 habits the islands to the west of North Africa. 
 
 V. CASSYTHA SEEIES. 
 
 The genus Cassytha!' (figs. 264-268), which is the only member of 
 this series, has its flowers hermaphrodite, or polygamous by abortion 
 of the gynseceum. The receptacle forms a cup, shallow in this case, 
 but much deeper in the bisexual flowers. Trora its bottom springs the 
 gynseceum, while its edges give insertion to the perianth and audro- 
 ceum. We here find a very distinct calyx and corolla ; the former 
 consists of three little sepals with thin valvate edges ; the latter of 
 three petals (two postero-lateral and the third anterior), thick and 
 rather fleshy, much longer than the sepals, concave internally and 
 valvate in the bud, The androceum consists of twelve stamens in 
 
 four leaves, and an androceum of eight' stamens, are more numerous (3-6) telow the terminal 
 
 four superposed to the perianth-leaves and pos- bud. 
 
 sessing glands, and four alternate exterior with- ■* Lamms nolilis L., Sort. Cliff., 155. — 
 
 cut glands, The pollen is globular, without Sohkuhk, Sandb., t. 110. — Hatne, Arzn. 12, 
 
 pores or folds. t. 18. — Sibth., M. Grac, t. 365. — Eeichb., 
 
 ' With two coats. Icon., t. 673. — Meissn., Prodr., n. 1. — L. ml- 
 
 ' The radicle does not descend so low as the garis Batth., Fin., 460. — Duham., Arbr., 1. 134, 
 
 bases of the cotyledons, which form a sort of 135. — Blackw., Serb., t. 175. 
 
 sheath concealing it from view from the outside ' Webb, Fhi/t. Conor., iii. 229, t. 204 (nee W.). 
 
 (fig. 263). — Meissn., Frodr., n. 2. — L. nobilis Cat. (ex 
 
 ' The female flowers appeared to us to be Webb., nee L.). — Persea ozorica Seub., M. 
 
 arranged on a small axillary branch, which ends Azor., 29, t. 6. 
 
 in a bud and bears two lateral axes, each ending « L., Gen., n. 505. — Adans., Jfem. des PI., 
 
 in a little group of flowers. Each of these little ii. 284. — J., Gen., 439. — GiEETN., Fruct., ii. 133^ 
 
 axes was axillary to a bract inserted near the t. 122. — Lame:., Diet., i. 653 ; Suppl., ii. 131 \ 
 
 base of the little branch. When there is only III., t. 323. — Nees, in Wall. PI. Asiat. Mar'., 
 
 one secondary axis, the bud at the end of the ii. 61-69 ; Syst., 641. — Endl., Gen., n. 2067.-^ 
 
 primary axis appears lateral. In the male plants Meissn., Gen., 252, 516.— H. Bit., in Adan- 
 
 the general arrangement appears the same; spreia, ix. 308. — Calodium hovn., M. Coehinch., 
 
 but the secondary axes that bear the flowers 247. — Vuhttella Vor^-k., Fl. .^gypl.-Arab., M. 
 
LAUBAGEM. 
 
 441 
 
 four trimerous verticils. The three innermost are reduced to sterile 
 scales ; the nine others have flattened petaloid filaments' of variable 
 breadth, and basifixed anthers whose two cells each dehisce by a valve 
 
 Caasytha fiUformia. 
 
 Fia. 264. Fiff. 265. Fio. 266. Fig. 267. Fig. 268. 
 
 Flower (4). Long, section of flower. Diagram. Frnit (i). Long. sect, of fruit. 
 
 which rises early. Three are superposed to the sepals ; of these the 
 outermost are the largest ; they have introrse anthers, lik& the next 
 set which are oppositipetalous and inserted in the lower part of the 
 petals themselves. The stamens of the third whorl are alternipeta- 
 lous ; they possess extrorse anthers, and have two lateral glands at the 
 base of the filament. The free gynseceum resembles that of Laurus ; 
 the single anatropous descending ovule has its micropyle turned up- 
 wards and inwards to the placenta, and is inserted a little below the 
 top of the front of the ovary, towards the anterior petal. The fruit 
 is an achene, with a thin pericarp, and contains a seed whose thick 
 fleshy subglobular embryo is exalbuminous' when adult,° After an- 
 thesis the receptacle continues growing in height and thickness, and 
 so covers nearly the whole of the fruit with a continuous fleshy layer 
 or mdusium,su.rm.onntedi by the remains of the perianth and androceum. 
 Cassytha consists of herbs from hot countries, whose slender cylin- 
 drical stems, like those of our Dodders {Cuscuta) fix on by suckers to 
 the adjacent plants whereon they ar^ parasite. Accordingly they 
 have no leaves, or only rudiments thereof, represented by scales or 
 little bracts. The flowers form capitula, spikes, or more rarely 
 racemes. Each flower is axillary to a bract and accompanied by two 
 lateral bractlets. The upper or inner flowers of the inflorescence are 
 
 ' The filament has two lateral dilatations of the innermost fertile stamens ; they project 
 forming lateral auricles. It is in the notch backwards towards the perianth, 
 below these that arc lodged the lateral glands ' The albnmen long persists in abundance in 
 
 the unripe seed. 
 
442 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 usually male, through the more or less complete abortion of the 
 gynsBceum. Some half-hundred species' have been admitted in this 
 genus, but the number should probably be reduced by half. They 
 occur in all the tropical regions of the globe. 
 
 O-i/rocarpus americanvs. 
 
 VI. GYEOCAEPUS SEEIES. 
 
 Gyrocarpus" has regular polygamous flowers. In the hermaphro- 
 dite (the rarest of all) we find a deep cup- 
 shaped receptacle, lodging the ovary in its con- 
 cavity, while its edges bear the androceum and 
 perianth. The latter consists of at most ten 
 leaves, five externa? valvate, and five alternating 
 with these, and similar in form, size, and con- 
 sistency. But in certain flowers there are alto- 
 gether but three or four of these leaves. The 
 stamens are sometimes as numerous as the outer 
 leaves, but are usually fewer in number (sterile 
 in the female flowers), each with one or two 
 elongated glands at the base, of variable form, 
 and consisting of a slender exserted filament, 
 and a swollen connective which bears on its 
 edges or inner face two cells ; each cell dehisces 
 by the raising of a valve. The g3'n8eceum, 
 rudimentary in the male flower,'' consists of a 
 one-celled ovary containing a single descending 
 anafcropous ovule ; this is attached near the top 
 of the ovary, and its micropyle looks upwards 
 and inwards. The terminal style is slender, 
 with a more or less dilated stigmatiferous apex. 
 The fruit (fig. 269) is a drupe with a thin meso- 
 carp ; it is surrounded by the receptacle, and the perianth, most of 
 
 ' L., Sfec, 35.— SCH. & Thonn., Tieskr., 199. 
 
 1^. Bb., :Brodir. Nov.-MoU., 404. — Nees, in 
 
 Fl. Freiss., ii. 619.— Hook., Ilxot. M., t. 167. 
 Wight, Icon., t. 1847.— Benth. & P. Mtjeli,., 
 Fl. Austr., V. 308. — Schltl., in Linnaa, xx. 
 578._Waip., Arm., i. 574. 
 
 = G-nrocarpuS Jacq., Amer., 282, t. 178, 
 ji„ 80. — GiEBTir., Fruct., ii. 92, t. 97. — K. 
 Bkown, Frodr., 404.— Bl., Nov. Fam. Expos., 
 
 15. — Nbes, Prog. Laur., 20 ; in Wall. PI. 
 Asiat. Sar., ii. 68; Syst., 699. — Endl., Qen., 
 n. 2068; Iconogr., t. 43. — Meissn., Prodr., 
 247.— B. H., aea., 689, n. 14.— H. Bn., in 
 Adansonia, v. 187. 
 
 ^ Two are already larger than the rest at 
 aulhesis, and these it is that become the wings. 
 
 ■■ In which the receptacle is much shallower 
 than in the flowers with a. fertile gjnssceum. 
 
LAUEAOEM. 443 
 
 whose leaves remain rudimentary, while two develop into long, 
 erect, flattened, membranous or subligneous wings, tapering slowly 
 but considerably to the base. The endocarp contains one seed, 
 whose exalbuminous embryo has a superior conical radicle, and two 
 petiolate foliaceous cotyledons, spirally rolled around the central 
 part of the embryo. Gyrocarpus consists of trees or shrubs (some- 
 times climbing) in nearly all countries. Their leaves are alternate 
 exstipulate, with a palmiveined blade, simple, lobed, or trifolio- 
 late. The flowers form much-ramified racemes of cymes axillary 
 to the .leaves or terminating the branches. Five or six species' 
 are now admitted, which might perhaps be reduced to a 
 couple. 
 
 Sparatlanthelium^ comes very near Gyrocarpus, from which it is dis- 
 tinguished by its perianth of four or six caducous leaves, its four 
 or six valvate stamens without basilar glands, and its wingless fruit. 
 The five or six known species^ of this genus inhabit tropical America. 
 
 VII. ILLIGERA SEEIES. 
 
 llliyera* (figs. 370-272) has regular hermaphrodite flowers. The 
 receptacle forms a deep sac containing the ovary ; above this it tapers 
 into a narrow neck traversed by the style, above which it again ex- 
 pands into a sort of cup, the edges of which bear the perianth and 
 androceum. The former consists of two whorls of leaves, each 
 usually pentamerous; or sometimes tetramerous, and valvate in the 
 bud. The leaves of the two whorls alternate, and resemble each 
 other in thickness and consistency.* The androceum consists of five 
 free stamens, superposed to the outer perianth-leaves, possessing a 
 free filament and an introrse two-celled anther. The front wall of 
 each cell separates all round except along its upper edge, on which 
 
 • W., Spec, iv. 982.— E. Be., Prodr., 404.— '' Br,., Sijdr., 1153 ; Nov. Fam. Expos., 14 ; 
 
 RoxB., Fl. Coromand., i. 2, t. i. — H. B. K., in Ann. So. Nat., sit. 2, ii. 96. — Nees, Syst., 
 
 Nov. Q-en. et Spec., vii. 493. — rEKS., Si/n., 703. — Endl., Gen., n. 2069. — Meissn., Prodr., 
 
 i. 145.— MlQ., FL Ind.-Bat., i. 977.— Thw., 250.— B. H., G-en., 689, n. 13. — H. Bn., in 
 
 F.nvm. PL Zeyl., 258. — Meissn., in MairL FL Adansonia, v. 186. — Oromvia BiANC, FL de 
 
 Bras., Laurac., 290. Filippin., 186 (nee L.). — Mensclielia Pbksi., 
 
 2 Maet., Berb. FL Bras., 280 ; in Regensh. ReL Hanlc., ii. 81, t. 63.— Endi., Gen., n. 4705. 
 
 BoL Zeit. (1841) j BeiU. Densk. d. Bot. Qes. — Coryzadenia Geipp., Posih. Pap., iv. 3,56. 
 in. Regensb., iii. 298, t. 10, 11. — Ejsdl., Gen., * Some botanists consider the perianth a 
 
 Suppl., ii. 35, n. 2068. — Meissn., Prodr., 249. double ciiljx, others a calyx and corolla. The 
 
 '' Meissn., in Mart. FL Bras., Laurac, 291, latter view seems most probable, if we look at 
 
 t. 106. the case of the true Lauraeece.. 
 
444 
 
 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 it turns as on a hinge, and finally expands parallel to the perianth/ 
 Between the stamens and the inner whorl of the perianth are two 
 series of organs, namely, five little glands, alternately with the 
 
 Illigera Corysadenia, 
 
 Fia. 270. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fia. 271. 
 Longitudinal section of flower 
 
 Fia. 272. 
 Fruit. 
 
 perianth-leaves, and slightly exterior to them, and ten cornets opening 
 obliquely outwards, superposed in pairs to the leaves of the inner 
 whorl of the perianth,^ and placed a little outside the glands. The 
 one-ceUed ovary contains, attached near its summit, a descending 
 anatropous ovule, whose micropyle faces the placenta below its point 
 of attachment.' On this side the elongated style surmounting the 
 ovary is grooved longitudinally ;■* it ends in a broad stigmatiferous 
 expansion concave above, and notched on the side corresponding with 
 the groove. The fruit is dry, elongated, and narrowly spindle- 
 shaped, but its walls are extended into two, three, or four large dry 
 
 ' The pollen consists of large globular grains, 
 bristling with conical papillae, and often slightly 
 mossy »t the apex. 
 
 2 The rim of these cornets is obliquely trun- 
 cate, either from before or backwards or on 
 one side. They probably correspond with the 
 glands found at the base of the staminal fila- 
 
 ments in Gyrocm-pm and the true Lawraoece. 
 Their cavity secretes a viscid nectar. 
 
 ^ Without coats. 
 
 ^ The edges of this groove come in contact 
 without adhering, so that the hollow style can 
 often be spread out flat. 
 
LAUBAGEM. 
 
 445 
 
 veined vertical wings, equal or unequal in size. The body of the achene 
 contains within its narrow cavity a descending seed whose exalbumi- 
 nous embryo has a short superior retracted radicle, and thick fleshy 
 plano-convex cotyledons.' Illigera consists of clinging shrubs, with 
 sarmentose stems and alternate trifoliolate leaves whose leaflets are 
 petiolulate, entire, and acuminate. The flowers form long lax rami- 
 fied racemes of cymes. The ramifications and pedicels occupy the 
 axils of more or less narrow bracts ; and each flower is accompanied 
 by two or three bractlets at its base. Some half-dozen species of this 
 genus are known,'' all natives of tropical Asia and the islands of Ma- 
 laysia. 
 
 VIII. HEENANDIA SEEIES. 
 
 Hernandia!' (figs. 273-278), placed by most authors in a very dis- 
 tant group, appears to US'* to represent the diclinous type of Illigera. 
 
 Hemamdia sonora. 
 
 Fig. 273. 
 Inflorescence (f ), 
 
 Fl&. 274. 
 
 Long, section 
 
 of male flower (A). 
 
 Fl9. 275. 
 
 Male flower 
 
 (perianth removed). 
 
 The flowers of this genus are monojcious, some being female and pen- 
 tamerous, others male and tetramerous, in the New Caledonian species 
 H. Vieillardi.^ In other instances the male flower is trimerous, and 
 
 ' Sometimes grooved on the convex side by 
 one or more irregular furrows. 
 
 " Span., in Linmcea, xv. 187. — MiQ., M. InA.- 
 Bat., i. 1094 ; Suppl, i. 333, t. 1 ; in Mus. 
 Imgd.-Bat., ii. 213. 
 
 ' Plttm., Gen., 6, t. 40. — L., Oen., 374, n. 
 925.— J., Gen., 81. — G^ietn., Fruet., i. 139, 
 t. 40.— Lamk., Diet., iii. 122 ; Suppl., iii. 146 ; 
 III., t. 755. — Enm., Gen., n. 2108. — Meissn., 
 Proi/r., 263. — H. Bn., in Adansowia, v. 188. — 
 ffemandiopsis Meissn., Prodr., 264. 
 
 * See Adaasonia, he. cit., 190. 
 
 * Hemcmdiopsis Vieillardi JVlElssir., loe. cit. 
 — Semandia cordigera Vieiil., in Ann. Sc. 
 Nat., air. 4, xvi. 62. This species, it appears to 
 us, should nob be separated from the rest of the 
 genus Semandia on account of the type of its 
 flowers, because they have in other respects just 
 the same organization. Here and there we do 
 find trimerous males and hermaphrodite females ; 
 and the former numbers may be found in true 
 Sernandias. 
 
ue 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 the female tetramerous. In the latter case the receptacle for the 
 female flower (figs. 266, 267) is gourd-shaped with a narrow neck, 
 and contains a one-celled ovary, within which is a descending anatro- 
 pous ovule whose micropyle looks upwards and towards the placenta/ 
 The ovary bears a thick style, grooved down the placentary side 
 and ending in a broad stigmatiferous head notched on the same side. 
 The mouth of the receptacle gives insertion to a perianth of four 
 thick-edged valvate leaves outside, and as many inside alternating 
 
 Sernandia sonora. 
 
 Pio. 2lG. 
 Long, section of female flower. 
 
 Fig. 278. 
 Fruit. 
 
 Fra. 277. 
 Female flower (perianth removed). 
 
 with these, and narrower and thinner at the edges. Within the 
 perianth is seen a disk of four glands superposed to the outer perianth 
 leaves. In the male flower (figs. 274, 275) the receptacle is small and 
 convex; it bears the double perianth and then three stamens super- 
 posed to the outer leaves, and inserted in the centre of the flower. 
 Each has a free or nearly free filament and an introrse basifixed anther, 
 whose two slightly lateral cells dehisce by a valve which afterwards 
 spreads, remaining attached to the connective by its posterior edge.^ 
 The fruit (fig. 278) is a slightly fleshy drupe,-^ surrounded by the floral 
 receptacle, which is grooved longitudinally'' and adheres to its outside,' 
 
 ' It has two coats, which long remain distinct 
 in S. Vieillardii. 
 
 2 Tlxis anthrer is formed altogether on the 
 same type aS in Illigera, and opens in the same 
 way. The pollen grains too are globes, propor- 
 tionally large in dianieter,and covered with conical 
 papillae, which are here usually very acute. 
 
 8 The sarcocarp is, however, very distinct 
 from the woody stone. 
 
 * Usually by eight grooves separated by pro- 
 jecting ribs. Both ribs and grooves are covered 
 below with a layer of glandular tissue, which was 
 more marked on the surface of the ovary. 
 
 = Except at the apex, where the top of the 
 pericarp is seen free from all adhesions, and 
 apiculated by some remains of the hardened 
 style. 
 
IjAUBACEM. 447 
 
 "bearing the scars of the perianth at its apex. There is moreover an 
 indusium round the fruit formed by that of the female flower, which is 
 accrescent and dilated, finally almost bladder like with a narrow opening 
 above.' The large seed contains a thick fleshy exalbuminous embryo 
 with ruminated hemispherical cotyledons. Hernandia consists of trees 
 from Asia, Oceania, and America, with alternate simple entire petiolate 
 leaves often peltate. The flowers form terminal or axillary racemes 
 of cymes, and are usually in threes surrounded by a common invo- 
 lucre of four decussate bracts. The middle flower is usually female, 
 and the two others male. Under the female flower is a proper ia- 
 volucel, forming a four-toothed cup ; and this it is that later on forms 
 the indusium of the fruit outside the floral receptacle. The genus 
 contains six or seven distinct species.^ 
 
 Of this order the ancients' knew but one plant, Laurus nobilis* 
 All the species afterwards described were considered Laurels ; this 
 was the case with the Japan-Camphor, the Cinnamon, and the 
 American species, such as the Benzoin and Sassafras. Linn^us 
 knew twelve species, which he called Laurels, besides Cassytha. 
 Adanson" placed the Laurels, under the name of Bombut, in the 
 Family Garous {ThymeleeB), at the end of his Family of the Poppies 
 (Fr., Favots), after Berberis and Cassytha. A. L. de Jussieo made 
 the Laurels a distinct order,* adding to the genus Laurus of Linn^us 
 Ocotea and Aiouea, which Atjblet had recently made known,' and 
 as genera qfflnia the nutmeg-plants {Myristica and Virola), with. 
 Hernandia of Plumieb. He left among the genera incertcB sedis^ 
 Bavensara {Agathopliyllum), Cassytha, Lindera, and Tomex of Thun- 
 berg' {Tetr anther a), Gyrocarpus of Jacquin,'" and Licaria of Atjblet." 
 
 ' Meissneb makes this accessory envelope a Sat., i. 887. — Thw., Mnum. PI. Zeyl., 258. — 
 
 formation of the base of the calyx : — " Drwpa Geiseb., PI. Wright., 188. — Bekth. & P. 
 
 calycia itiho membremaceo vesicceformi apice Mttell., Fl. Austr., v, 313. 
 
 truneato pervio inclusa," But this part (which ^ Nees d'Ebenbeok has given, in his Si/stema 
 
 we consider as the receptacular ^ao) is closely (679),. the history of this order, 
 
 applied to the fruit itself and becomes hard j * See p. 440, note 4. 
 
 while the vesicular pouch surrounding the whole * Fam. des PL, ii. 284, 433 (1763). 
 
 fruit arises lower down on the floral pedicel ^ Gen. (1789), 80, Ord. iv. 
 
 itself, and has never, at any period, any adhesion ' Ghuian., i. 310; ii. 780 (1775). 
 
 to the fruit. ^ Op. cit., 4,29, 431, 439, 440. 
 
 ' Jacq., Amer., 245. — Aubl., Chiim., ii. 848, ' M. Jap., 190 (1784). 
 
 t. 329.— Bi., Bydr., 550. — Wight, Icon., '" Amer., 282 (1763). 
 
 t. 1855. — SiCKM., Diss. Serh. Amboin., in " L. guiimensis Aitbl., Giiian., i. 313, t. 21. 
 
 lAtmcei Amoen. Acad., iv. 125. — Guiilem., in — Nees, Sgst., 344, 658. — Meissn., Prodr., 
 
 Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, vii. 189. — MlQ., M. Ind.- 259, n. 16.— This tree, of which only the leaves 
 
448 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Molina's Feumus^ {Boldu) he indicated as an ally of Rubentia and 
 Maodendron orientale Jacq. After Jussieu, R. Bbown,^ making a 
 special study of tlie Australian Laurdcece, established the two genera 
 Endiandra and Cryptocarya. Blume' also recognised the two new 
 genera, Haasia and Caryodaphne, in his study of the Javanese 
 Lauracecs. Chamisso and De SchjjEchtendal, too, had just observed* 
 among the Mexican species the curious type Misanteca, with pseudo- 
 capitulate flowers, when Nees von Esenbeck published his special 
 researches on this important order. 
 
 In 1836, after several preparatory publications,'^ he put forth his 
 Systema Laurinarum.^ Therein he divides Lauracea into thirteen 
 tribes,' and creates twenty-eight new genera, under the following 
 names : Phoebe, ApoUonias, Alseodaphne, Hufelandia, Beilschmiedia, 
 Cecidodaphne, Mespilodaphne, Aydendron, Evonymodaphne, Acrodi- 
 clidium, Bicypellium, Petalanthera, Pleurothyrium, Teleiandra, Lepto- 
 daphne, Gmjjpertia, Oreodaphne, Strychnodaphne, Camphoromoea, Gym- 
 nobalanus. Sassafras, Benzoin, Cylicodaphne, Polyadenia, Lepidadenia, 
 Dodecadenia, Actinodapline, Baphnidium ; and referred to this order, 
 or established as genera, the types formerly confounded with Laurus, 
 such as Cinnamomum of Bcrmann,^ Camphora of Bauhin,' Persea of 
 GjErtner,'" Machilus of Eumphius," Nectartdra of Eolander,'^ Tetran- 
 thera of Jacquin,^ and Litscea of Jussieu." The genera" composing 
 this order, taking into account those that did double service, then 
 amounted to thirty-four in number. Since the time of Nees only a 
 dozen genera have been added to the Lauracece proper. Blume, in 
 1850,'* proposed Didyodapfme and Notaplioebe. The three genera 
 Symphysodaphne, Silvia, and Nesodaphne had jus't been formed by A. 
 Eichard, Allemao, and J. Hooker, when Meissneb, in 1864, re- 
 
 are as yet known, cannot be certainly referred Oreodaph/iecB ; 10. FlavMor/B ; 11. Daphnidia ; 
 
 to any of the Lav/racecB more distinctly described 12. Cassythece. 
 
 by authors. ^ Thes. Zeyl. (1737), 62. 
 
 ' Chil., ed. Gebm., 160, 311 (part.). Peumus ^ Pimax (1623), 500. 
 
 proper belongs to Monimiacea (see above, vol. i. ^'' Fruct., iii. (1805), 222. 
 
 290). " Serb. Ambom., iii. (1750), 70. 
 
 2 Prockr. Fl. Nov.SoU., 402 (1810). '^ jjx Kottb., in Act. Utt. Safn,., i. (1778), 
 
 3 Ex Nees, Syst. (1836). 279. 
 
 ■' In LinnoBa, vi. (1831), 367. •' Sort. ScJimnbr., i. (1797), 59. 
 
 s In Wall. PL Asiat. Mar., ii. (1831), 56; " In Diet. So. Nat., xxvii. (1823), 79. 
 
 Law. Disp. Progr. '» That is to say, those only that we retain aa 
 
 « Berol. (1836) 8vo., pp. ix. & 720. properly distinct, and omitting all account of 
 
 ? 1. CitmamomecB ; 2. Camphorea ; 3. PJioe- synonyms. 
 
 bea; 4. Perseece ; 5. GryptocaryecB ; 6. Acrodi- '^ Mits. Luffd.rBat., i. 270, 328, 365. 
 clidia ; 7. Nectandreai ; 8. Dicypelliece ; 9. 
 
LAUBAGE^. . 449 
 
 turned to the study of this order for De Candollb's Prodromm,'- 
 describing in detail all the species thereof. He admits most of 
 Nees' genera, and adds the four new ones Ampelodaphne, Bihania, 
 Sassafridium, and Synandrodaphne. The total of the generic types 
 retained by us in the order Lauracecs proper then amounted to 
 forty-six. To these' we have recently added the genus Potameia 
 of Dupetit-Thouars/ hitherto attributed to Proteacece. 
 
 At the same time two small groups, considered by several authors- 
 as distinct groups, namely Gyrocarpem'^ and Illigerece^ were associated 
 by others, especially by E. Brown and Wees, with Lauracem. Von 
 Martius, in 1837, described^ a genus which, though closely allied 
 to Gyrocarpus, lacked the wing to the fruit ; he named it Sparattan- 
 thelium. Hernandid? had also been made the type of a small order 
 apart,' but in 1864 we pointed out' that it merely represented a 
 reduced diclinous type of Illigera ; and made it into a distinct series 
 of the order Lauraceee, which now consists of fifty-one genera, ex- 
 cluding those that are unknown, or that are doubtful members of this 
 order.'" The number of known species, estimated in 1846 at 450 
 by LiNDLEr, and at 700 by E'ees, was raised to 1050 in 1864 in 
 Meissner's Monograph. 
 
 Nees" had already studied their geographical distribution, dividing 
 them into eastern and western, referring his Cinnamomeae, Camphorecs, 
 
 ' XV. 1-260 ; 503-516, Order clxii. LemracecB. ex Rosenth., Syn. Fl. Diaphor., 238 (an un 
 
 ^ In Adcmsonia, ix. (1870) 241. See pp. 400, described Soath African Lanrad). — 4. Christ- 
 
 431i 466. mannia Dbitnst. (Khbede, Sort. Malab., ir. 
 
 ^ Nov. Gen. Madag. (1806), n. 16. t. 50), a Laurad accondjng to Rosekth., op. cit., 
 
 ' DuMOET., Anal. JFam., 14. — Nees, 1066. — 5. Dendrodaphne BeuhI;., Pnm. Fl. 
 
 Progr., 20. — EuDl., Gen., 324, Order cvii. — Portoiellens., in Act. Acad. Suec, 145 ; Meissn, 
 
 Meissn., Frodr., 245 (subord. ii. and tribe t. Frod/r., 259, n. 17. — 6. Icosandra Philipp., in 
 
 Lawmc,). Linntsa, xxix. 39; Meissn., Frodr., 506 (a 
 
 * Bi., Nov. Fam. Fxpos., 12; in Ann. So. genus with pentandrous flowers and an icosan- 
 
 Nat., sir. 2, ii. 96. — Nees, Syst., 695. — Illi- drous androceum otherwise formed as in Foldn, 
 
 geracem Lindl., Nat, Syst., ed. 2, 202. whereof it might perchance be an anomalous 
 
 ^ Serl. Fl. Bras., 280 ; in Fegensb. Sot, form (?). — 7. lAcaria Attbi,. (see above, p. 447, 
 
 Zeit. (1841). note 11). — S. LinJiaria K'B.B.xni., Dissert. (1810), 
 
 ? Plitm., Gen., 6, t. 40 (1703). ex Kostee, Voyag. Bres, Fr. ed., ii. 429, of 
 
 ' Hernandiece Bl., Bydr., 550 j Nov. Fam, which two species (i. aromatica and Tinctoria 
 
 Fxpos. (1833) ; in Ann. So. Nat., s&c. 2, ii. 89. Aeettd.) are noted as useful, but are not de- 
 
 — LlKBli., Nat. Syst., ed. 1, 76. — Mernandiacece, scribed, — 9. Menestrata VelioZo Fl. Flwm,., v, t. 
 
 DuMOKT., Anal. Fam\, 14, 16. — Linbi., op. cit., 2 ; Meissu., Frodr., 259, n. 20. M. racemosa 
 
 ed. 2, 195. Veiloz. is referred with doubt by Voir Maetius 
 
 ' In Adansonia, v. 188 (1864). to Ocotea (Oreodaphne), and by Meibskee to 
 
 '" Namely : 1. Adenostenmm Pees., Syn.,. i. Fersea leevigata or pirifolia. — 10. Septina 
 
 467, &c., the Gomortega of Rmz & Paton, which Noeonh., loc. cit. ; Meissn., Frodr., 259 ; 
 
 is a Monimiad (see above, i, 315). — 2. Bisiania Hassk., loc. cit., 5. 
 
 Noeonh., in Verh. Bat. Gen, van Kunst en " Op. ait., 683. See also the tables annexed 
 
 Wet., V. 64 ; Hassk., Relat. Fl. Noronh., 5 j to the text of that work, giving in dntail the area 
 
 Meissn., Frodr., 259, n. 21. — 3. CUhaca Beei., of each of the types then known. 
 
 VOL. II. G G 
 
450 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Dap/midiea, and Tetrantherem to the former, and Acrodiclidia, Nec- 
 tandrecB, Dicypellieee, FlaviflorcB, Oreodaphnece, and PersecB to the latter. 
 He remarked, however, that some of the two last divisions, sucli as 
 Haasia, Machilus, and Alseodaphne, belonged to the west, and that 
 Endiandreee, as defined by himself, extended from the east, their 
 proper country, as far westward as America ; while the PhcebecB, 
 chiefly American, were represented by certain species of Apollonias as 
 far east as the Canary Islands and India. So, too, among the essentially 
 eastern Tetrantherea, Laurus nobilis spreads over Europe to the west 
 of the Mediterranean, and other Tetrantherea had been observed in 
 Mexico and the neighbouring countries. Another American member 
 of this tribe is now known, OreodapJine calif ornica Hook. & Arn. In 
 short, Nees' large divisions have ceased to be valid, so many are the 
 exceptions now known. But the classification is not wholly useless, 
 and, speaking generally, it is usually correct. The eastern division 
 extends to 25° 30' N,, though some Lauraceos go so far as 40°, but 
 decreasing greatly in numbers. On the south of the Equator it 
 extends to Van Diemen's Land. The western region is bounded by 
 35° !N. and 35° S. In our hemisphere, Laums nobilis extends at 
 least as far as 45°. In the soutb, Oreodaphne and Apollonias on the 
 west of Africa, and the PhoebecB, Persece, Cryptocaryece, and Oreo- 
 daphnece on the east coast thereof, represent the family in Madagascar, 
 the Mascarene Islands, and even the Cape of Grood Hope.' Now 
 that a larger number of generic types is known, their geographical 
 distribution may be given as follows. Out of the 47 genera retained 
 as true LauracecB 22 are exclusively American, and 19 have only 
 been observed in the Old "World. Among these latter come all the 
 CinnamomecB, except Persea and Phoebe, which are also found in the 
 New World. Of the Oryptocaryea, Cryptocarya alone is common to 
 both worlds. All the other genera are American excepting Bavensara 
 from Madagascar, and the three Oceanian or Asiatic genera, Undi- 
 andra, Dictyodaphne, and Bihania. All the genera of Ocotece are 
 American, though a small proportion of the species of the genus 
 Ocotea occur in Africa and Madagascar. Tetrantherece, on the con- 
 trary, belongs to the Old World, excepting some species of the large 
 
 'Nees {op. cit., 688) indicates by fractions Tropical Asia, ^ = =^-5 Tropical America 
 
 the proportion of LawaeecB in the flora of each 186 1 ti,).„„ * . , » . ^^ , ' 
 
 country. These are his numbers :- s™ = ejTT. Extra-trop.cal America, 5IL = ^ ,. 
 
 Australia, ^ = -J;^; Europe, jij. 
 
LAUBAOHM. 451 
 
 genus Tetrantliera, which finds representatives in all warm countries. 
 Hence there are only six genera common to both hemispheres : 
 Cryptocarya, Ocotea, Persea, Phoebe, Lindera, Tetrantliera. Only one 
 species occurs in Europe, a Laurus. In the east of North America, 
 excepting only two or three members of more southern genera, 
 Lindera and Sassafras alone occur. Some small genera, consisting 
 of but one or few species, are limited to a very small geographical 
 area. The following are monotypical : Silvia and Bicypellium from 
 Brazil ; Misanteca from Mexico ; Sassafridium from Costa Eica and 
 Veraguas ; Boldu from Chili ; Sassafras from North America, 
 BiJiania in Borneo; Symphysodaphne from the Antilles. Of the 
 genera with but few species we only find Nesodaphne'va. New Zealand, 
 Ampelodaphne and Pleurothyrium in a small region of tropical America, 
 Bavensara in Madagascar. The genus Lindera is divided between 
 the floras of Japan and North America. Out of about a thousand 
 species there are a little over five hundred in America and nearly as 
 many in the Old World. 
 
 The other Lauracece, of the series Illigerece, Gyrocarpecs, Cassythece, 
 and Hernandiea, including altogether some fifty species from hot 
 countries, do not materially alter this relation. Of seven species of 
 Hernandia three are American, as are the five species of Sparattan- 
 thelium, and one of the five described in Gyrocarpus, and apparently 
 one species of CassytJia. The remaining twenty-eight species belong 
 to the Old World, mostly to Australia. Thus of the 1050 species of 
 LauraceeB America possesses some 530. 
 
 The following characters are common to all these plants ; the want 
 of stipules, the regularity of the flower ; the concavity of the recep- 
 tacle, making the perianth and androceum more or less markedly 
 perigynous ; the existence of a double perianth ; the valvular dehis- 
 cence of the anthers ; the possession of a solitary anatropous descend- 
 ing ovule, with* its micropyle turned upwards and inwards under the 
 point of attachment; the indehiscence of the one-seeded fruit; 
 the want of albumen in the seed. These may be pronounced as 
 absolute. 
 
 Among the variable ones come the arrangement and form of the 
 leaves, which are usually alternate, rarely whorled, usually simple, 
 
 GG 2 
 
452 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 sometimes compound. They are usually thick and persistent,' rarely 
 caducous, replaced in Cassytha by small scales inserted on the para- 
 sitic filiform stems, which cling by suckers to the neighbouring 
 plants. The flowers are sometimes in simple spikes or racemes, but 
 far more frequently in cymes or ramified racemes of cymes. The 
 floral receptacle varies greatly in depth ; it is rarely convex, offcener 
 flat or concave, very frequently hollowed into a deep sac or pouch 
 bearing the perianth and androceum on its rim. This pouch is some- 
 times accrescent and persistent at the base of or around the fruit, 
 which it may even entirely envelope ; sometimes it separates earlier 
 or later from the pedicel, either by its base or some way up, bringing 
 the perianth away with it. The indusium formed by it around 
 the fruit will thus vary greatly in height, no less than in consistency ; 
 it is usually dry, but sometimes fleshy as in Cassytha. The type of 
 the flower is usually v^ ; but we may find v', \/ , or \/ occasionally. 
 The androceum consists of one or more whorls ; four alternating is 
 the usual number. Certain of the stamens are introrse, certain ex- 
 trorse ; some have lateral glands, while others lack them entirely : 
 the two or four valves by which they dehisce also varying from ex- 
 trorse to introrse. Some of the stamens may be sterile ; when all 
 abort the flowers may be diclinous. The form of the stigmatiferous 
 end of the style varies ; the floral pedicel, usually remaining cylin- 
 drical below the fruit, is sometimes dilated to a variable extent and 
 club shaped. These are the variable characters which have served 
 to distinguish the genera and the eight series of this order. We 
 proceed to give the general features on which our classification of 
 these last depends.^ 
 
 I. CiNNAMOME*. — Flowers usually hermaphrodite; staminal whorls 
 4; four stamens of the two outer fertile and introrse; of the third whorl. 
 
 ' In several genera (Citmamomum, Mespilo- have come into contact with any animal what- 
 
 daphne, Ocotea, Fhoehe, &c.), axillary to the ever. But it is not impossihle that the great 
 
 secondary ribs, especially near the base of the development sometimes assumed by these cavities 
 
 blade, we And more or less marked projections (as in Ocoiea hullata.f ceteris, &c.) may be really 
 
 above, corresponding with depressions or pores, due to the presence of the animals so often 
 
 often lined with down, on the lower surface. found therein. 
 
 These afford shelter to insect larvie, to whose ^ ^g ^^^^ ^^^^^ (.j^^ ^^^^ artificial nature of 
 
 agency the production of the pits has been these divisions, especially of such series as the 
 
 ascribed. But this view appears to us untenable, Ocotece, which we only admit to facilitate the 
 
 as we have seen these depressions indicated in study of this most natural order; There is no 
 
 very young leaves of the Camphor-plant while single constant differentiating character, 
 still enveloped in the bud, before they could 
 
LAUBAGEJE. 453 
 
 fertile extrorse 2-glandular ; fourth whorl sterile. Fruit superior, 
 naked or surrounded at base by the receptacle, not enclosed in its 
 cavity. Trees with persistent leaves. Buds with incomplete scales. 
 
 II. CRYPTOCAKTEiE. — Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Androceum 
 generally similar to that of Cinnamomecs, rarely reduced to 3-6 
 stamens. Fruit wholly or nearly enclosed in sacciform cavity of 
 accrescent receptacle. Trees ; leaves and buds as in CinnamomecB. 
 
 III. OcoTEiB. — Flowers usually diclinous, often dioecious (very 
 rarely bisexual), with three verticils of fertile stamens ; stamens of 
 the third whorl extrorse, 2-glandular sterile stamens of the fourth 
 whorl ill-developed sessile, or 0. Fruit superior, naked or surrounded 
 at base (but not included) by wholly or partially persistent recep- 
 tacle. Trees with alternate, rarely caducous leaves. 
 
 IV. TETBANTHEREiB. — Flowcrs usually diclinous dioecious (rarely 
 bisexual), in umbel liform inflorescences or glomeruli protected at first 
 by an involucre of imbricated bracts or pluriseriate bud-scales. Sta- 
 mens of male flowers usually all fertile ; valves introrse. Woody 
 plants with persistent or caducous leaves. 
 
 V. Cassythe^. — Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous; receptacle 
 very concave, persistent, and becoming fleshy around included fruit. 
 Androceum of three whorls of fertile stamens, the innermost introrse 
 2-glandular. Leafless parasitic herbs ; stems filiform twining, cling- 
 ing by suckers. Flowers spicate or racemose. 
 
 YI. GYROCARPEyE. — Flowcrs polygamous ; receptacle concave per- 
 sistent. Fruit inferior induviate. Cotyledons folded or rolled into 
 a spiral around the tigellum. Woody plants erect or climbing ; 
 leaves digitiveined, entire or lobed. 
 
 VII. Illigere/E. — Flowers usually hermaphrodite ; receptacle 
 usually saccate, with a narrow mouth. Androceum isostemonous. 
 Fruit induviate by receptacle which possesses vertical wings. Embryo 
 fleshy thick non- convolute. Woody climbers with digitate leaves. 
 
 VIII. HERNANDiEiB. — Flowers monoecious ; perianth double. 
 Male flower isostemonous. Female flower with an inferior ovary 
 surrounded by a proper involucre, which is accrescent to form an 
 induvium. Flowers united in threes (one female and two male) in a 
 common involucre of four imbricated bracts. Trees with simple 
 alternate leaves. 
 
 It will be now seen that the variable characters whereon these 
 sections are founded refer to the arrangement and number of the 
 
454 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 stamens and staminodes, to the form of the receptacle and its beha- 
 viour after anthesis, and sometimes to the leaves and stems. The 
 other variable characters are then merely used for the distinction of 
 genera. The differences observed in the vegetative organs sometimes 
 answer to histological modifications ; but perhaps these too are only 
 due to peculiarities in the mode of life, such as the parasitism of 
 Cassytha. In this genus the stem does not always contain central 
 spiral vessels ; and the dotted vessels, mixed with the fibres in the 
 wood^ are surrounded by a bark of liber-ceUs, a cortical parenchyma 
 gorged with chromule, and an epidermis sprinkled with stomates in 
 linear rows.^ In most of the arborescent Lauracece, on the contrary, 
 it has long been noted' that the medullary cavity of the stem is mid- 
 dle-sized or large, and diminishes with variable rapidity in course of 
 time ; that the woody fibres are coarse and pale, intermixed with 
 large porous vessels ; that the young bark is often covered with len- 
 ticels, and that after a certain age it presents, in the Sassafras for 
 instance, longitudinal and transverse clefts. When hairs are present 
 on the young epidermis they are simple and pretty rigid." The cor- 
 tical parenchyma of the aromatic species usually contains large reser- 
 voirs of essential oil, either in its periphery, or deeper towards the 
 centre. These reservoirs, with yellow contents, are also found in the 
 pith, which often contains numerous sclerous cells, isolated or in 
 groups, and riddled with numbers of canals whose openings are some- 
 times areolated. Crystals and raphides are frequently observed in 
 the pith, more rarely in the bark. The liber is almost constantly 
 divided into bundles isolated by alternating intrusions of the herba- 
 ceous laj'-er. 
 
 Affinities. — These easily foUow from the characters above de- 
 scribed, and from those of the Monimiacem related in the preceding 
 volume,^ We consider that the LauracecB, whose gynseceum is con- 
 stantly reduced to a single carpel, are to the MonimiacefB what the 
 
 ' DeCKj;., in Ann. So. Tfat., sir. 3, v. 247. as forming a little perforating cellnlar cone, 
 
 ^ " Thus the general aspect of a section within which is another " reinforcing cone," 
 
 through a Cassytha stem presents the strongest formed of fibres, and more rarely of vessels. 
 
 resemblance to that of a young nionocotyledonous This author concludes, differing from Decaisnb, 
 
 root" (Decbe., he. cit.). — Chatin (Anat. that "the habitual absence of spiral vessels in 
 
 Comp. des Veget., ii. 27, t. 5, 6) has taken up the stem" is the peculiar character of Cassytha. 
 
 the study of the histology of these stems ; he ^ Nees, Syst. Laur., 6. 
 
 fiuds tracheaj in but few species of Cassytha, * " Pili, si adsint, simpUces." (Meissn., 
 
 having only made oat their presence in C. Casua- Pi-odr,, 2.) 
 
 rincB and Jil'formis. He describes the suckers * See above, i. 323. 
 
LAUBAOEM. 456 
 
 Prunea and Agrimoniece are to the rest of Rosacea. Accordingly 
 the Lauracea have more or less frequently the opposite exstipulate 
 leaves, the aromatic organs, the concave floral receptacle, the val- 
 vicidal anthers of Monimiads. They also come very near Proteaceee 
 and BlmagnacecE, between which we, like most authors, have placed 
 them. Nearly all have also noted their affinities with certain 
 Berberidacem, and with MyridicacecR formerly referred to Lauracem} 
 By Gyrocarpece, Illigerece, and Hernandiece, they affect a certain re- 
 semblance, in our opinion, rather than possess a real relationship with 
 Alangieee, Nyssece, and Combretacem ; though some authors^ have even 
 referred lUigera, Gyrocarpus, and Sparattanthelium, to this last order. 
 But there are many natural orders, far removed by their most 
 perfect types, that seem to approach one another indifferently in 
 this sort of way by those of their genera that have a comparatively 
 simple structure, and a, so to speak, reduced and degenerate 
 organization.^ 
 
 The Lauracece are essentially aromatic plants ;" this character is 
 very wide-spread if not absolutely constant. Both leaves and bark 
 are sprinkled with pellucid dot-like reservoirs gorged with odoriferous 
 volatile essential oil ; or the wood itself is completely impregnated 
 with similar substances, aromatic or camphoraceous.* The genus 
 Cinnamomum is richest in species valued on this account ; it affords 
 Japan camphor as well as the various cinnamons. The true Cam- 
 phor-plant is Cinnamomum Camphora^ whereof the type and the 
 chief forms and varieties' contain the camphor in root, stem, and 
 branches. It is extracted by distilling these parts, crushed to 
 
 ' " L<mrmecB sunt Daplmoideis, Proteaceis, KinffA., 536. — Gttib., Drag. Simpl., ed. 6, ii. 
 
 Santalaceis cet. floruin evolutione analogs9, 388. — Eosenth., S_^n.. Fl. Biaphor., 228. 
 Terebinthaceis infimis fere coUaterales, affini- * See above, p. 428, notes 8, 9 ; 429, fig. 244. 
 
 tate Anacardiaceis proximse et harum formam — GuiB., op. cit., 411. — Pekeiea, Elem. Mat. 
 
 inferiorem monochlamydeam constituentes." (J. Med., ii. p. i. 448. — Lindi., Fl. Med., 332. — 
 
 G. AaAEDH, Theor. Syst. Flant., 285.) Kosbnth., op. cit., 231. 
 
 ^ LiiTDL., Veg. Kingd., 718. — B. H., (ren., ' Meissneb admits, besides the type, the 
 
 689. three following; 1. Glcmcescens {C. Camphora, 
 
 ^ See H. Bn., Seek, sur PAuouba et sur ses yar. procera 'Bh.i—Campliora pseudo- Sassafras 
 
 rapports aoec les gen/res analogues (in Adam- MlQ. ; — Persea pseudo- Sassafras Zoll.) ; 2. 
 
 «o»»a, V. 179). Motundata ; 3. Owneata. Many other species 
 
 ' " Cortice foliisque aromaticis v. camphoratis of Citmamomum contain camphor, and Lesohe- 
 
 Laurinese plerseque poUent." (Endl., Qen., kattlt even says that it is obtained in India 
 
 316.) from the old stems and roots of C. zeiflaniaum. 
 
 * Ehdi., EncUrid., 200. — Lisdl., Veg. 
 
456 NATUEAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 splinters, in water, in large iron retorts.' Camplior, when purified, 
 is often used in medicine as a sedative, antiputrescent, determinant, 
 anaphrodisiac, &c. The production of camphor has been attri- 
 buted to several neighbouring species such as C. Parthenoxylorf 
 and C. Glanduliferum,^ the former from Java and Sumatra, the 
 latter from the East Indies. Cinnamon is the bark of several 
 very aromatic species of Cinnamomum with opposite leaves. Of 
 the two kinds known in commerce as Ceylon and China cinnamon, 
 the former is produced by C. zeylanicum* (figs. 240-243), the latter 
 by C. Cassia.^ The bark of the branches that have attained the 
 right age^ is peeled off with knives, and rolls up into tubes cleft 
 lengthwise, which are then properly sun dried.' That of the thinner 
 branches is distilled to procure the volatile oil of cinnamon, also a 
 commercial product. Another similar oil is distilled from the flowers 
 and young fruits' of C. zeylanicum. The Cassia lignea of the druggist 
 appears to be the thicker bark of the old branches and stem.' More- 
 over the leaves of several members of this genus were formerly used 
 in medicine under the name of Malabathrum}" Cinnamon of inferior 
 quality is also obtained in India, Java, &c., from other species 
 such as C Sintoh^^ Burmanni,^"^ iners,^ multiflorum,^\javanicum,^^ fee.;'" 
 
 ' GiOllB., Mat. Med., iv. 21 (ex GuiE., in Ceylon cinnamon, but not in the shorter pieces 
 
 op. cU„ 411). — Peotjbt, in Ann. Chim., iv. 189. of China cinnamon. 
 
 — Ci^MANDOT, in Jown, Fharm., iii. 353. * Flores Cassice, clavelU cirmamomei (Off.). 
 
 These authors have treated on the processes used See Gtjib., loc. cit., 404. 
 
 hy the Dutch in refining camphor and giving ' Gtjib., loc. cit., 407. 
 
 it tlie form of large semitransparent cakes. '" Guibouet (loc. cit., 408) aserihes these 
 
 ^ Meissk"., Frodr., n. 52. — Lawrus porreota leaves to C. Maldbathrtim Batk., and C. iners 
 
 RoxB. — L. Fm-thenoxylon Jack. — Camphora Bl., which form one and the same species (see 
 
 Fartksnoxylon, NeeS. — Sassafras Parthenoxt/low helow, notes 13, 14). 
 
 Nees. — Farthenoxylon porrectum Bl. — Oayoo- " Bl., Bijdr., 571. — Meissn,, Frod/r., n. 8. — 
 
 gaddus Maesd., Hist. Sumatr., 129 (ex RoxB.). Sintoc, Sendoc or SimiuTc of the natives of 
 
 FaHhenoxylon pniinosum Bii. is a variety of Amboyna and Java, 
 
 this. '2 Bj,.^ mjdr.i 569.— Mbissn., Frodr., n. 17. 
 
 ' Meissn., Frodr., n. 47. — Laurus glandiir — C. dulce Nbes. — Lauras dulcis RoXB. — i. 
 
 lifera Wall. — Camphora glandulifera Nees. Burmanni Nees. 
 
 * See p. 426, note 2. — Gvi^., loc. cit. " REiKVf., ex Bl., Bijdr., hlQ. — Meissn., 
 
 * Bi/„ Bijdr., 570. — ^Nees & Ebekm., Med. Frodr., n. 26. — C. Malabathrum Bate., in 
 Fharm. Bot., ii. 424.— Hatne, Arzn.. 12, t. 23. Not). Act. Acad. Leap., xvii. 2, 618, t. 45.— 
 • — GuiB., loo. cit., 404. — G. aromaliaum Nees, C. nitidtim Hook., Exot. M., t. 176. — C. Cap- 
 in IV^all. Fl. As. Mar., ii. 74. — Laurus Cinna- paru-coronde Bl. (?) 
 
 momum AifBE. (neo Aiicit.). — Lawrus Mala- '■* Wi&ht, Icon., t. 131. — Meissw., Frodr., 
 
 lathrvm Reinw. (ex Bl., neo alior.). — Fersea n. 14. — Lamms mmltiflora RoxB. (ex Wight). 
 
 Cassia Speeng., Syst., ii. 267. ^ Bl., Bijdr., 170; in Rumphia, 42, t. 19. — 
 
 ' From five or six to thirty years old. The Meissn., Frodr., n. 1. — O. neglectvm Bl., in 
 
 harvest is twice a year, from April to August, BwmpMa, 38. — Lamrus Malabathrum BtrKM. 
 
 and from November to January. (See End- (nee alior^. — Melastoma Beirmardtianum Bl., 
 
 LICHEE, Unchirid., 201, for the curious details Bijdr.,W62. — SyndoJchoom^ovrs., Nat. Hist., 
 
 pf this industry.) ii. 337. 
 
 1 The pieces of bark are one withio the other '^ See Rosenth. iSyn. PI. Diaphor., 229), 
 
LAUBAGE^. 
 
 457 
 
 several Litsesas are also said to siipply cinnamon.' To the genus 
 Cinnamomum belong the odoriferous barks of Sindoc,^ of Culilawan," 
 or clove-cinnamon (cannelle-c/irojlee) of India," and of Massoy from 
 New Guinea.' The true clove-cinnamon is that of Brazil, yielded 
 by Dicypellium caryophyllatum!' 
 
 The most aromatic of all the Lauracece appears to be the Baven- 
 sara of Madagascar.' Its bark and leaves have a strong scent of 
 cloves; but this perfume is most powerful in the fruit, which, 
 enveloped in their chambered receptacle, constitute the Madagascar 
 spice or Eavensara- or Clove-nuts (Fr., noix de Bavensara, de Girofle ; 
 figs 247, 248), much used as an aromatic in Madagascar and some- 
 times imported into Europe. The Casca pretiosa of the Brazilians 
 is the scented bark of Mespilodaphne pretiosa.^ The aromatic 
 Anise or Sassafras-wood of Orinoco is said to be that of Ocotea 
 cymbamm f and to this same tree has been ascribed" the Pichurim- 
 iart^ of tropical America. The Bichurim-seed'^ of the same parts, 
 
 wlio gives C. Loureirii Nees, Tamala NeeS, 
 mromatitywia Nees, oltusifoUam Nees, daph- 
 noides Sieb. &k Zijco., pedmnculatum Nees, &c., 
 as also furnishing officinal barks. The cinnamon 
 of Cayenne comes from C. zeylamcum, intro- 
 daced and cultivated in Guiana. 
 
 ' GtriBOtTET refers to L. zet/lanicam, that 
 kind in particular named Dawel-coronde, or 
 Drum-cinnamon (Fr., CarmelUer-tamhour), from 
 the use made of its wood. 
 
 ' Mentioned by EnMPHins, who pronounces 
 it different from the Culilaman, though vulgarly 
 confounded with it. It appears really to come 
 from Cinnamomum Sinfoc Bl. (see above, p. 456, 
 note 11). 
 
 ' Prom the Malay word Kulit- lawmtg (Gui- 
 BOUET, loo. cit., 409). It comes from Cinna- 
 momvm Oulilawan Bi,., Bijdr., 571. — Meissn., 
 Frodr., n. 11. — C. CutliUaiBan Hatne, Arzn., 
 12, t. 24. — Laurus CuUlaban L. — L. Cassia, 
 var. CuUlaban Lame., Diet., iii. 444. — L. Culi- 
 lawang Nees. — Coelit-lawan-ioom Vaient., 
 Ami., iii. 210. This is Cortex cairyopJiylloides 
 albus of RUMPHius (Herl. Amioin., ii. 65, 1. 14). 
 
 * Under this name are confounded the true 
 Culilawan bark ( C. verm), and that of C. rubrum 
 Bl., which is also of clove scent, and is of a dark 
 cinnamon-red colour. The Culilawan of the 
 Papuans has a similar smell, but its liber is 
 brownish. It is referred to O. xantJioneuron 
 Bl. (EosENTH., op. cit., 229). 
 
 ° Attributed to C. Kiamis Nees (C. Bwr- 
 marmi Bl. ?), and often prescribed as a tonic 
 and antidiarrhoeic in Java and the neighbouring 
 countries, like many other clove-scented barks 
 allied to the cinnamons. 
 
 « See below, p. 472, n. 32, not. 5, 6. GuiB. 
 loc. cit., 396. — Maet., Fl. Bras., Laurae., 316. 
 This is the Imyra quiynha of Para, and the 
 F!spingo of the inhibitunts of Maynas. It is 
 used as a stimulant by the physician, as an aro- 
 matic by the cook. 
 
 ' Ra/oensara a/romatica SoinfBB., Voy., ii. 
 226, t. 127.— PoiE., Diet., vi. 81.— H. Bn., in 
 Adansonia, ix. fasc. 9. — JEvodia a/romatica 
 Lame., Diet., vi. 81. — Pees., Syn., ii. 1. — 
 F!. Savenswra G^btn., Fruct., ii. 101, t. 103. — 
 AgathopTiyllMm aromatiewm W., Spec., ii. 842. 
 — PoiE., Diet., Suppl., iv. 656. — Lame., III., 
 t. 825. — Nees, Syst., 232. — Meissn., Frodr., 
 110, 11. 1. — GuiB., Drag. Simpl., ed. 6, ii. 398. 
 •^KoSENlH., op. cit., 232. — Eamn-dzaa-a, Fa- 
 vensava of the natives. 
 
 ' Nees, in lAnncea, viii. 45 ; Syst. Lamr., 
 237. — Cryptocarya pretiosa Mast. — H. B. K., 
 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vii. 192, t. 645. — Guib., 
 op, cit., 399. — Canelilla, Fao pretiosa, Fereiora 
 of the Brazilians. A very aromatic substance, 
 used in the treatment of catarrh, dropsy, rheu- 
 matic and syphilitic affections, &c. (see Maet., 
 Fl. Bras., Lawrac, 317 ; — Buohn., in Fep. 
 Fharm., xxxi. 336). In VoN Maetius's work will 
 be found (311-314) a complete enumeration 
 of the native names of all the Lauracece em- 
 ployed in medicine and domestic economy. 
 5 Guib., op. cit., 392. 
 "• Guib., op. cit., 393. 
 
 " Murray {App. Med., iv. 554) regards it as 
 produced by the same trees as the Pichurim- 
 beans. 
 '^ Guib., loc. cit., 393. — Maet., loc. cit., 317. 
 
458 
 
 NATURAL HI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 consist of the embryo (fig. 252), more or less perfect of two species 
 of Nectandra. Two kinds are distinguished, one the large or true^ 
 said to come from Nectandra (?) Fuchury major^ and the other 
 called bastard or smdV' from N. (?) P. minor f they were formerly 
 used as aromatics. So in the same way we use the leaves of 
 the classic LaureP or Bay in cooking; and its fruits" yield on 
 distillation a mixture of oils used in medicine as an aromatic 
 stimulant.' In the North- American Sassafras^ it is chiefly the 
 wood that is prized as an aromatic sudorific depuratory drag. The 
 bark, however, is said to be more active.' Various scents are 
 found in the bark, wood, and fruit of many other Laurels, be- 
 longing to the genera Aydendron,^" Acrodididium,^^ Nectandra,^^ Ocotea,^^ 
 
 ' Of the same form as that of Laurus nobilis, 
 but larger (27 to 43 millimetres by 2.0). 
 
 '' Nees, S^st., 328. — Meissn., IVodr., 156, 
 n. 30 ; in Mart. M. Bras., Laiwrac., 265, t. 95. 
 — Puchmry, Ficheri, Fwihyry of the Brazilians. 
 
 3 This is shorter and broader (20 to 34 mm. 
 by 14 to 20). 
 
 ^ Nees, Syst., 336.— Meissn., Prodr., n. 69. 
 Ocotea Puchury minor Mart., Fl. Bras., 
 Lamrac., 2T7, 1. 101. — Buohn., Bep., xxxv. 12. 
 
 " See above, p. 439, figs. 261-263, not. 3.— 
 Gtjib., op. cit., 388. — Pebeiea, JBlem. Mat. 
 Med., ed. 4, ii. p. i. 463. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 
 34iO. — ^Nees & Ebeem., Sandb., ii. 416; PI. 
 Med., t. 132.— RosENTH., op. cit., 236. — H. Bn., 
 in Diet. Eneycl. des So. Medic., ser. 2, ii. 28. 
 
 ^ Baccce Lawrece, or B. Lauri Off. (see figs. 
 262, 263). The tree is often cultivated in our 
 gardens, and also in France. 
 
 ' The oil of the pericarp is mainly volatile 
 and aromatic, that of the embryo fat and fixed. 
 This mixture enters into the composition of 
 several medicinal unguents, the balm of Fio- 
 ravanti, &c. 
 
 s See p. 436, figs. 253-255, note 1.— Gttib., 
 loo. cit., 390. — Pbeeiea, op. cit., ii. p. i. 462 — 
 NeeS & Ebebm., Handh., ii, 418; PI. Med., 
 t. 131. — MiCHX., Fl. Bor.-Amer., i. 244 ; Arbr. 
 For., iii. 173, t. i.— Lindl., Fl. Med., 338.— 
 EosENTH., op. cit,, 235. 
 
 ' Gtjib., loc. cit., 391. This bark is spongy 
 and rust-coloured; its inner surface is covered 
 •wiVa little white crystals. 
 
 '" EosENTH., op. cit., 233. — Makt., Fl. Bras., 
 Lam-ac., 318. The seeds of A. Cajumari Nees 
 (Syst., 2i7; Meissst., Prodr., 94, n. 84), are 
 used in Brazil as digestive. The Pichm-im-beavs 
 have been supposed the seeds of A.i Laurel 
 Nees {Syst., 249; Mbissn., Prodr., n. 31; — 
 Ocotea Piclmrim H. B. K., Nov. Oen. et Spec, 
 ii. 266). 
 
 " E03ENTH., op. cit., 233. — Maet., loc. cit., 
 317. A. Camao'a Schojib. (ox Nees, in lAnnma, 
 
 xxi. 500; Meissn., Prodr., 87, 12) has a bitter 
 aromatic wood. Its fruits, split and dried by the 
 Indians of North Brazil, are used in dysentery 
 and other intestinal complaints. (SoHOMB., 
 Voy., ii. 333.) 
 
 '2 Oanella do Mato of the Brazilians is 'N. 
 cirmamomoides Nees (Syst., 307 ; Meissn., 
 Prodr., 167, n. 70; — Lawras cinnamomoides 
 Mm., ex H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, ii. 169; 
 — ? i. Qmxos Lamk., Diet,, iii. 455). This is 
 also, no doubt, the Ganela of New Granada, or 
 Canelo de los Andaqvis, very similar in pro- 
 perties to the Ceylon Cinnamon-tree. N. san- 
 guinea Eoitb. (va. Act. Safn. (1778), 279; PL 
 Sarin., 10; Meissn., Prodi:, n. 62; — Laurus 
 soMguinea Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ, ii. 707 (part.) ; 
 — L. globosa Atibl., Oman., i. 364 ? — L. mar- 
 tiniciensis Jacq., Coll., ii. 109, t. 5, fig. 2; — 
 L. Borbonia j3 Lamk., Diet., iii. 450) furnishes 
 a stimulant aromatic bark, the Ma/raguanzimmt 
 of the Antilles and Guiana. N. cymba/rv/m Nees 
 (Syst., 305 ; Meissn., Prodr., n. 32) is Ocotea 
 cymbarvm H. B. K. (Nov. Q-en. et Spec, ii. 160) 
 and 0. amaira Mabt. (Buchn., Uep. xxxv. ISO). 
 We saw above that to this species was ascribed 
 a so-called Pichnrim-bark and Sassafras-wood. 
 It is the Orinoco Sassafras- or Anise-wood, differ- 
 ing from the officinal Sassafras chiefiy in the 
 bitter mingled with its aroma. It is also called 
 Pao Sassafras at Para ; it is prized as a tonic, 
 diuretic, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. A 
 syrup of the same properties is extracted there- 
 from, and is the Siruba of the Indians, the 
 Aceite de Sassafras of the Spaniards (see Bull. 
 Feruss., Jan., 1831, 63 ; EosENTH., op. cit. 
 234; LiNDi.., Fl. Med., 336). VoN Mabtius 
 thinks that it enters into the curare or woorara 
 poison of Orinoco. The Canella preto of the 
 Brazilians, a diuretic, emmenagogue, and car- 
 minative bark is ascribed to N. mollis Nees 
 (Syst., 287 ; Meissn., Prodr., u. 8). 
 
 '* 0. guianensis Aubl. (Ouia>i., ii. 781, t. 310 ; 
 — Oreodaphne guianensis Nees ; Meissn. 
 
LAUBAGT12E. 
 
 459 
 
 Ckyptocarya^ Persea,^ Machilus^ Lindera* Litscea^ Tetranthera,^ 
 Baphnidium^ Mespilodaphne^ Chibaca,^ Christmannia,'^- Cassytha.^^ In 
 some others these parts become more or less bitter and astringent, 
 so that they have been proposed as tonics and febrifuges. This 
 has been the case with Lindera Benzoin^'^ of North America (figs. 258- 
 260), prescribed as a stimulant, antiperiodic, and even vermifuge, and 
 stm more with Nedandra Bodiei^ the Beheerv}'^ of Guiana, which 
 
 Frod^., 112, n. 1) is used in Guiana in tlie 
 treatment of abscesses, buboes, &c. — O. opifera 
 (^Oreodaphne opifera Nees, St/st., 390 ; Meissn., 
 Prodr., n. 4) is the Ccmella de Cheiro of the 
 Eio-Negro (Btjchn., Sep., xxxv. 179 ; Rosekth., 
 op. cit., 235). Its fruit is gorged witb a limpid 
 yellowish volatile oil, extracted by distillation. 
 Its scent resembles a mixture of that of Myperi- 
 cum and Fortagal. It is used in affections of 
 the joints, rheumatic pains, lumbago, &c. 
 
 1 The Brazilian Nutmegs (Fr., noix de Mus- 
 cade du Bresil) axe the fruits of C. mosohata 
 Maet. (ex Meissn., Frodr., 74, n. 80 ; Fl. 
 Bras., Lmi/rac, 319) ; they serve the same pur- 
 poses as the Fichurvm-leams. From the bark of 
 C. densiAora Bl. (Caryodaphne densiflora 
 Nees) is extracted an aromatic bitter substance, 
 used in Java, like the infiised leaves, under the 
 name of Kitedja, in spasmodic afiections of the 
 bowels, puerperal convulsions, &c. (Bl., in Nees 
 Syst., 228). 
 
 - F. dmmyfoUa Scklti,. (in lAmwea, vi. 365), 
 indica SPEENa. (Syst., ii. 268), and some others 
 are used as tonics and stimulants. 
 
 * M. odoratUsima Nees, and pilosa Nees, are 
 also aromatic. 
 
 * L. triloba Bl. (Mus. Lugd.-Sat., i. 325) 
 has the properties of Sassafras officinale, and 
 indeed was given that name by Siebold (in 
 Verh. Bat. Gen., xii. 23). The same virtues 
 must exist in i. obtiLsiloba Bl., sericea Bl., 
 and vmbellata Thunb., also natives in Japan, 
 and there used indifferently as sudorifics and 
 depuratives. 
 
 ° The bark of L. Myrrlia Nees, and zeylanica 
 Nees (in Amoen,. Bot. Bonn., i. 58, t. 5j 
 Meissn., Frodr., 226, u. 27) is aromatic, bitter, 
 anthelmintic, excitant, and emmenagogue (Ro- 
 SBNTH., op. cit., 237). The latter appears to 
 be Lawrus Cassia L. (nee alior.), the Cassia 
 cmnamomea Myrrhce odore of Plukenet 
 (Almag.,SO; Amalth., 52, t. 381). — L. glauca 
 Sieb. (Laurus glauca Thunb., Fl. Jap., 173) 
 yields a camphorated oil, of properties apparently 
 similar to those of Cinnamomum CampAora. 
 
 ^ T. Umrifolla Jacq. (Meissn., Frodr., 178, 
 n. 5; — Qlabrana iersa L., Mantiss., 276; — 
 Sebifera ghdinosa LOTIB., Fl. Cochinch., 783 ; — 
 Lilscm sebifera Pees., Syn., ii. 4 ; — L. chinensis 
 Lame., Diet., iii. 574), an Asiatic species intro- 
 duced into America, has its leaves and branches 
 
 gorged with a glutinous substance, so that when 
 bruised in water they make it mucilaginous. 
 It is used in inflammations, redness of the skin, 
 hysterical affections, &c. T. citrata Nees, gla- 
 braria Nees, Moxburghii Bl., are only varieties 
 of this, and possess the same properties. T. 
 monopetala RoxB. {PI. Coromand., ii. 26, 1. 148 j 
 Meissn., Frodr., u. 44) has an astringent bark, 
 prescribed in India for diarrhoea, dysentery, &c. 
 
 J D. Cubeba Nees (Syst., 615) is Zaurus 
 Cubeba LouB. (JPl. Cochinch., SlO; — lAtscBa 
 Cubeba Pees., Syn., ii. 4), whose aromatic 
 berries have the same medicinal powers as the 
 true cubebs. 
 
 * The Bois de Camnelle of tbeMascarene islands 
 is M. cupularis Meissn. {Prodr., 104, n. 28; — 
 Zaurus eupularis Lamk. ; — AgathopTiyllmn cu- 
 pulare Bl.). Aromatic stimulant barks are also 
 produced by some neighbouring species of the 
 same country. The Canella Sassafras of the 
 Brazilians is M. Sassafras Meissn. {Frodr., 
 n. 21). 
 
 ' The bark of this doubtful Laurad (see 
 above, p. 449, note 10) is considered in South 
 Africa as an all-powerful specific in the malig- 
 nant sore throat endemic in those parts (Ro- 
 SENTH., op. cit., 238); whence the name of 
 C. salutans Beet. 
 
 '" Corondi is an Indian drug, produced by C. 
 Corondi Dennst. (ex Rosenth., op. cit., 1066) ; 
 but this plant probably does not belong to the 
 order Zauracece (see p. 449, note 10), 
 
 " C. filiformis L. (see above, p. 440, note 6, 
 figs. 264-268) is mixed with butter and used 
 in urethritis in Senegal. A sort of putty is 
 prepared in Java from bruised Cassytha and 
 chalk. 
 
 '2 Meissn., Frodr., 244, u. 1. — Zaurus Ben- 
 zoin L., Sort. Cliff., 134; Spec, i. 580.— i. 
 pseudo-Benzoin MiCHX. — Fvosmtis Benzoin 
 NuTT. — Benzoin odoriferum Nees, Syst., 497. 
 — LiBDL., M. Med., 339. — H. Bn., in Diet. 
 Mncycl. des Sc. Medic, ix. 96. — Feverwood, 
 Spicewood, Spiceherry of the natives. A volar- 
 tile oil is also extracted. 
 
 " ScHOMB., ex Meissn., Prodr., 155, n. 23. 
 — N. leucantha y Nees, in Zinncea, xxi. 508 
 (part.). 
 
 " Or Bibim of the Arrawacks, Sipeen of the 
 Dutch, Caur vert [green-heart] of the French 
 colonists. 
 
460 NATURAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 is said to be successfully exhibited as a succedaneum of cin- 
 cbona.' 
 
 A large formation of sugar is remarked in but few Lauracecs. It 
 occurs, however, in the leaves of the true Ceylon Cinnamon-tree,^ 
 and, above all, in the pericarp of the Avocado {Fersea gratissima ; 
 Fr., Avocatier)? The fruit of this tree, known as the Avocado- or 
 Alligator-pear,^ is one of the best known in the tropics, though 
 somewhat sickly to a European palate. It is a pear-shaped berry, 
 at first green, later more or less violet or brownish, wherein is found 
 a large globular seed with fleshy hemispherical cotyledons. The 
 pulp, seasoned in various ways, is sometimes termed vegetable butter 
 (Fr., beurre vegetal) or subalterns' butter. Its taste is compared to 
 the artichoke and the hazel nut. It is used as food and as 
 medicine;^ and the buds leaves and seeds also serve the latter pur- 
 pose in the Antilles.* The pericarp is very rich in fatty matter — a 
 greenish oil, as in the common Bay. In the fruit of Tetranthera 
 laurifolicU this becomes a true wax, used for making tapers. 
 
 There is but one Laurad used on account of its colouring matter : 
 Ocotea tinctorea.^ 
 
 The wood of many Laurads is very good and handsome, with a 
 fine close grain, often shining, through the presence of numerous 
 little dents, more rarely dark coloured as in Nectandra cymbarum^ 
 and Rodiei^" and Silvia navalium Allem." These woods are dense, 
 resisting the action of water, and used in ship-building. Many 
 others of lower density but greater elasticity, pale tawny in colour, 
 with a silky gleam, are prized by the cabinet-maker. Boxes and 
 
 ' EODIE, in G'Miaw. 5o^. ffaz. (8 Aug., 1844). t. 222. — Lawns Fersea L., Spec, ed. 2, 
 
 — GuiB., hrog. Simp., ed. 6, ii. 395. — Pebbiba, 529. 
 
 Elem. Mat. Med., ed. 4, ii. p. i. 465. — Makt., * Aguacute or Palto, Aouara, Pear of New 
 
 Fl. Bras., Laurac, 319. The bark contaius the Spain, Avocato of the Brazilians, 
 
 alkaloid bebeerin (CjgH^iNOg), whose sulphate is ° Employed by the negroes of the Antilles in 
 
 said to act as an antiperiodie, though less the treatment of all the disorders of women, 
 
 strongly than the sulphate of quinine. " The leaves as a pectoral vulnerary and sto- 
 
 2 The sweet taste of its leaves affords a ready macliic ; the bads as a remedy for bruises and 
 
 mode of distinsuiahing it in cultivation from its syphilis ; the juice of the seed as an astringent, 
 
 very similar allies. This last, rich in tannin, affords an indelible ink 
 
 ^ G^ETN., Fiuct., iii. 222. — Nees, Syst., 128. which turns brown in the air (used for marking 
 
 — Meissn ., Prorfr., 52, n. 36. — GcTS., op. cit., clothes, &c.). All animals prize the fruit for food, 
 
 ii. 399.— LiNDL., M. Med., 333.— Mabt., Fl. ? See p. 459, note 6. 
 
 Bras., Lawrac., 320. — 11. Bn., in Diet. Fncyel. ^ Nees, ex Rosenth., op. cit., 235. 
 
 des So. Medic., vii. 520. — Fersea Clus., Sist., ' See p. 458, note 12. 
 
 i. 2.— PiUM., Amer., 44, t. 20.— P. praaox '" See p. 459, notes 13, 14. Maet., Fl. Bras. 
 
 PcESE. — P. Sohiedeana Nees. — Fnmifera arbor Lawrac., 315. 
 
 friictv, maximo piriformi Sloan., Jam., ii. 132, " See p. 468, note 4. 
 
LAUBAOE^. 461 
 
 cupboards made therefrom are usually protected by their perfume 
 against the attacks of insects. These woods are numerous in the 
 Antilles, Brazil, and especially in Guiana. But in this last country 
 many kinds are as yet only known by their vulgar names, without 
 its being exactly known to what botanical species they really 
 belong. Such are the yellow and brown Taoud-wooAs, several 
 Sassafras and Anise-woods, and the male and female Eose-woods. 
 These are certainly from Laurads, but their genera are still unde- 
 termined. Licaria guianemis Aubl.' is one of these Eose-woods. 
 The marsh yellow-cedar-wood {bois de Cedre jaune de marais) of 
 Guiana is probably a Cryptocarya. One kind of Sassafras of Q^,.-^- 
 enne is Acrodiclidium chrysophyllum^ and the grey cedar {Cedre gris) 
 of the same country is Ocotea splendens? Nectandra exaltata^ is the - 
 Timber Sweet-wood of Jamaica. The wood of JDicypellium caryo- 
 phyllatum^ is handsome and scented ; it has wrongly been supposed 
 to produce the true Eosewood. Misanteca cwpitata^ the Palo 
 misanteco of the Mexicans, yields a good wood. The wood of 
 Persea indicd! is named VinJiatico in Madeira and the Canary 
 Islands. The Sirihallf of Guiana seems to be an Ocotea. The wood 
 is intolerably foetid in many sjiecies, such as Nectandra myrianthcf of 
 Brazil, Ocotea bullata^" of the Cape, and O.fcetens^^ the 7^7 of the Cana- 
 ries. This species is cultivated in our orangeries, where its persistent 
 shining green leaves produce a fine efiect,resembling the classic Laurel, 
 the tree of Apollo, of temperate Europe, sung and depicted by poets 
 and artists innumerable. The polymorphous leaves of the Sassafras are 
 curiously noted in our gardens ; and in our conservatories are found 
 species of ^o/Zoma* and Cinnamomum, whose flowers are insignificant, 
 but whose foliage is always handsome and more or less aromatic. 
 
 ' See p. 447, note 11. GtriB., op. 'cit, 397. species is cultivated and flowers in our botanical 
 
 The Galibis call it lAcari Jcassali. It is also gardens. 
 
 sold in Paris under the names of Soisjmme de * Liitdl,, Veg. Kingd., 536. 
 
 Cayeime, Citron de Cayevme, and Copalm. ' Meissn., Frodr., 163, n. 58. — Mabt., M. 
 
 2 Meissn., Prodr., 87, n. 14. Bras., Laurac., 315. — Canella foedorente of the 
 
 ' Meissn., Prodr., 129, n. 83. natives (Riedel). 
 
 ■■ Gbiseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 281. — Meissn., ^° E.MEY.,in PI. Drlge. — Oreoda/phm IvXlata, 
 
 Prodr., 165, n. 65. — Persea exaltata Spbeno., Meissn., Prodr., 118, n. 31. — Stitikwood of the 
 
 — Oreodaphne exaltata Nees. The White English colonists. 
 
 sweetwood of the Antilles is N. TfiUdenowiama " Lamrus foetens AlT., Sort. Kew., ii. 39. — 
 
 Nebs {Syst., 290, 321. — Meissn., Prodr., n. Persea fastens Spbeng., Syst, ii. 268. — Oreo- 
 
 64. — Laiwrns sanguinea Sw. (part.). daphne Joetens Nees, Syst., 449. — Meissn., 
 
 ^ See p. 462, notes 5, 6. Prodr., n. 32. It is also called Flgnatico, 
 
 ^ See p. 469, notes 4-8. Arhol santo and Madeira Laurel at Madeira 
 
 ' SPEBNfl., Syst., ii. 268. — Meissn., Prodr., (see p. 434, fig. 250). 
 52, n. 33. — Lamrus indica h., Spec, 529: This 
 
462 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. CINNAMOME^. 
 
 1. Cinnamomuni Burm. — Flowers hermaphrodite, or more rarely 
 polygamous; receptacle infundibuliform ; perianth perigynous ; 
 perianth-leaves 6, valvate 2- seriate subpetaloid, finally deciduous by 
 transverse rupture at or above base. Stamens 1 2, 4-seriate ; fertile 
 9, anthers superposed-4-locellate ; in 6 outer fertile stamens anthers 
 introrse ; in 3 inner anthers extrorse, filaments bearing 2 lateral 
 glands above base. Sterile stamens (staminodes) 3, oppositipetalous, 
 ovate or oblong. Germen inserted in bottom of receptacle ; ovule 
 1, attached near apex, descending anatropous ; micropyle introrse 
 superior. Fruit a berry ; pericarp thin ; fruit adhering to thickened 
 cupuliform evenly truncated base of receptacle, and 6-merous more 
 or less hardened base of perianth. Seed exalbuminous ; embryo 
 fleshy thick ; cotyledons ensheathing straight short superior radicle 
 at base. — Trees or shrubs, evergreen, nearly all aromatic ; leaves 
 opposite or alternate, exstipulate, penniveined or at base 3-5-veined, 
 more rarely triple or quintupliveined ; leaf-buds bare, scales obsolete 
 {Malabathrwm) or perulate ; flowers in racemes ; racemes axillary or 
 terminal, simple or bearing 3- cc-flowered cymes {Tropical and sub- 
 tropical Asia). See p. 426. 
 
 2. Phoebe Nees.' — Flowers almost those of Cinnamomum ; recep- 
 tacle shortly infundibuliform, entirely persistent erect with indurated 
 perianth round fruit, base often becoming subligneous. Berry on a 
 pedicel of variable thickness. Other characters of Cinnamomum. — 
 Trees or shrubs, leaves alternate or subverticillate penniveined or 
 tripliveined ; gemmae with few leafy scales ; flowers in axillary and 
 
 Sytt., 98. — Endl., Gen., n. 2026. — Mbissn., Frodr., 29, 504.. 
 
LAUBACEJE. 463 
 
 terminal compound cymiferous racemes {Polynesia, Asia, Tropical 
 America^). 
 
 3. Machilus Eumph.^ — Flowers nearly of Cinnamomum ; perianth 
 cartaceous ; leaves 6, persistent unchanged and not indurated, 
 spreading or reflexed; 8 outer equal to inner or a little shorter. 
 Stamens 12 (of Cinnamomum). Berry subglobose, supported on un- 
 thickened pedicel. — Trees ; leaves alternate penniveined ; leaf-buds 
 imbricate scaly ; flowers' in compound cymiferous racemes or corymbs 
 springing from base of a terminal or axillary bud; bracts scaly 
 deciduous [Tropical and subtropical Asia"'). 
 
 4. Alseodaphne Nees.' — Flowers of Cinnamomum; perianth 
 almost wholly deciduous. Berry surrounded at base by rather small 
 persistent cupuliform receptacle, supported by thickened club-shaped 
 or long-obconical pedicel. — Trees; leaves alternate coriaceous 
 penniveined; leaf-buds naked or few-scaled; flowers in compound 
 cymiferous racemes either lateral or axillary to bud-scales {Tropical 
 and subtropical Asia^). 
 
 5. Persea Gt^rtn.' — Flowers nearly of Cinnamomum; 3 outer 
 perianth-leaves subequal to inner or decidedly shorter. Stamens 
 12 (of Cinnamomum). Berry ovoid or oblong, supported on more or 
 less thickened or unchanged pedicel, surrounded by unchanged or 
 slightly altered perianth and receptacle (which are rarely deciduous 
 at base). — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate coriaceous, penniveined, 
 or more rarely pseudo-tripliveined ; leaf-buds naked compressed 
 bivalve ; inflorescences axillary or termina? [Tropical and subtropical 
 America, Asia^). 
 
 ' Species atout 40, whereof 14 are American. ' Frogr., 11 j Syst., 122, 181. — Enbi., Gen., 
 
 Bl., Mus. Lugd.-Bat., i. 325.— MlQ„ Fl. Ind.- n. 2030. — Meissn., Frodr., 27. 
 
 Bat., i. 905 (excl. sect. ii.). — Nbes, in Wall. Fl. ^ Species 1, 8. Wioht, Icon., t. 1826, 1827. 
 
 Asiat. Mar., ii. 61, 70 (^Ocotea) ; in Idrntaa, — ^NeeS, in Wall. Fl. Asiat. Far., ii. 61, 71.— 
 
 xxi. 489. — SPEBN&., Syst., ii. 270 (Fersea). — Bl., Mas. Imgd.-Fat., i. 331. — MiQ., Fl., Ind.- 
 
 Meissn., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Lawrac., 148, Bat., i. 915. — Benth., in Kook. Jowrn., v. 198 ; 
 
 t. 45. Fl. SongTc., 291. 
 
 ^ Serb. Amhoin., iii. 70, t. 24. — Nees, Syst., ' Fnicf., iii. 222. — Nbes, St/st., 123 (part.) — 
 
 122, 171.— Enbl., Gen., n. 2028.— Mbissn., Endi,., Gen., ii. 2027.— Meissn., Frodr., 43, 
 
 Frodr., 39. 505. 
 
 ' Bather large for this order. ' Sections 2 : — 1. Flriodaphne NeeS : sepals 
 
 * Species about 15. Loua., Fl. Cochmch., decidedly shorter than petals ; staminodes pubes- 
 
 311 {Lamrm). — Thtthb., Fl. Jap., 173 (Lamrm). cent or bearded j flowers usually silky-pubescent 
 
 Bl., Mus. Ziugd.-Bat., i. 329 — Nees, in Wall. (species American). — 2. Gnesiopersea : perianth - 
 
 Fl. Asiat. Bar., 61, 70.— MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., leaves all subequal; staminodes not bearded at 
 
 i. 914. — SlEB. & Zucc, in Aih. Miimoh. Acad., apex (species American and Asiatic), 
 
 iii. 302. 9 Species about 50. Nbes, in Wall. Fl. Asiat. 
 
464 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 6. Notaphcebe Bl.' — Flowers nearly of Cinnamomum ; 3 outer 
 perianth -leaves shorter, often minute. Stamens 12 (of Cinnamomum). 
 Berry surrounded by 6-lobed persistent perianth, supported on 
 short spreading receptacle and more or less thickened pedicel. — 
 Trees ; leaves alternate penniveined ; leaf-buds imperfect ; inflores- 
 cences axillary or terminal {Continent and Islands of India:). 
 
 7. Apollonias Nees.'— Flowers of Cinnamomum ; anthers 2-celled. 
 Berry surrounded at base by a hardened scarcely enlarged receptacle 
 and perianth. — Trees ; leaves alternate penniveined ; leaf-buds naked; 
 inflorescences axillary and subterminar {Canary Islands, India"). 
 
 8. Hufelandia Nees.^ — Flowers of Apollonian; receptacle and 
 perianth herbaceous deciduous. Berry succulent, supported on 
 small truncate base of receptacle. — Shrubs ; leaves alternate penni- 
 veined; inflorescences axiUary {Tropical AmericdJ). 
 
 9. Nesodaphne Hook, f.' — Flowers nearly of Hufelandia ; recep- 
 tacle very short. Calyx wholly deciduous. Stamens 9, fertUe ; 
 3 innermost 2-glandular extrorse. Berry (dry ?) naked oblong 
 borne on thickened pedicel. — Evergreen trees ; leaves alternate and 
 opposite, coriaceous penniveined; flowers in slightly branching 
 axillary and terminal racemes {New Zealand^). 
 
 10. Haasia Bl." — Flowers nearly oi Hufelandia or Nesodaphne ; 
 outer 8 perianth-leaves smaller, usually dwarfed. Stamens nearly of 
 Apollonia ; fertile 9 ; anthers 2-celled, subrotund ; inner 3 extrorse. 
 
 Mwr., iii. 32. — MlQ., Wl. Ind.-Bal., i. 913. — Phcebe JBarbusana Webb, Fhyt. Canwr., ii. 223' 
 
 H. B. K., iVoj). Gen. et Spec, ii. 157. — Meissn, t. 203). 
 
 in Mart. Fl. Bros., Lawac., 151, t. 46-55. « SyH., 122, 187.— Endl., Gen., n. 2031. — 
 
 ' Mus. Lugd.-Bat., i. 328. — Meissn., Prod/r., Meissn., Frodr., 65. — Wimmeria Wees (nee 
 
 58. alior., ex Meissn., loc. cit.). 
 
 2 Species atout 8. Nbes, Syst., 115 (Phoebe). ' Species 3 or 4. Sw., Prodr., 65; M. Ind. Oce., 
 — MiQ., M. Ind. Bat., i. 911 (Phoebe) ; in Zoll. ii. 719 (Laimis). — ^Nees, Disp., 23. — Geiseb., 
 Verz., 113, 115 (Behaasia). Fl. Brit. W. Ind., i. 280 ; PI. Wright., 188. 
 
 3 Syst., 95. — Ekdl., Ge»., n. 2025. — » Fl. N.-Zeal., 217.— Meissn., Prodr., 66. 
 Meissn., Prodr., 64, 506. ' Species 2. 1. N. Tarairi Hook. f. (Laurus 
 
 * A genus coming very near Phoebe in fruit, Tarairi A. Cunn.) ; 2. N, Tawa Hook. p. 
 
 but differing in its 2-celled anthers. {Lamvs Tana A. Ctjnit.- — L. salicjfoUa Banks 
 
 ' Species 2. One Indian A. Amoitii Nees & Soiand., nee Sw.) [Benth. & P. Mttell. 
 
 (Syst; 670) ; the other from Madeira and the (Fl. Austr., v. 299) add an Australian species. 
 
 Canaries, often cultivated in France, namely, If. obtusifolia Benth.] 
 
 A. canaHerms Nees (Syst., 96 ; — Persea cana- '" Ex Nees, Syst., 372. — Enbl., Qen., n. 
 
 riensis Ss^Ysa. i—Lamrus Ba/rbmano Cat.; — 2032. — Meissn., Frod/r., 59, 506. — Dehaasia 
 
 L. reticulata PoiE. ; — L. Teneriffis PoiE. ; — Nees, Syst., 354, 675. 
 
LAUBAOEJS. 4ff5 
 
 Staminodes siibsessile, S-angular or very short. Berry ovate, naked 
 (perianth wholly deciduous), on thickened fleshy pedicel (nearly of 
 Aheodaphne). — Trees; leaves ialternate, often crowded at end of 
 branches, penniveined ; bud-scales few foliaceous ; inflorescences sub- 
 terminal, often few-flowered {.India!-'). 
 
 11. Beilschmiedia Nees.^ — Flowers of Hufelandia or Nesodaphne; 
 perianth- leaves 6, subequal deciduous. Grermen imperfectly 2-ceIled, 
 1 -ovulate. Berry dry, supported on nearly flat persistent base of 
 receptacle. — Trees; leaves alternate or subopposite, penniveined 
 reticulate ; inflorescences springing from an axiUary bud ; bracts 
 deciduous' {India*). 
 
 12. Aiouea Adbl.' — Flowers elonga,ted ; receptacle long obconical 
 infundibuliform, usually pubescent inside ; perianth-leaves short, con- 
 tinuous with receptacle, finally deciduous with upper part of receptacle 
 by circumscission. Stamens 9-13, inserted in throat of receptacle; 
 6 outer perfect ; anthers apiculate ; cells 2, introrse lateral or 
 extrorse ; 3 inner sterile, opposite outer perianth-leaves antherless, 
 2-glandular at base. Staminodes 3 small (or ?). Grermen inserted 
 in bottom of, and closely surrounded by, receptacle. Berry oblong 
 naked, supported, on nearly plane persistent base of receptacle and 
 thickened long-obconical or clavate pedicel. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate coriaceous penniveined or more rarely 3-ribbed ; inflores- 
 cences usually crowded into lax, dichotomously branching cymi- 
 ferous corymbs ; pedicels thin* {Tropicat South America^). 
 
 • Species about 16. Nbes, Syst., 124 (Persea, ^ Oman., i. 310, t. 120. — J., Gen., 80.— 
 subsect. Corynopodea) j in Wall. PI. Aaiat. Nees, Syst., 354, 362. — Endl., Gen., u. 2050. 
 ■Rar., ii. 70 (MacMlms). — Bl., in SumpMa, i. — Mbissn., Prodr,, 82, 509. — Douglasia 
 162 j Mus. Imgd.Sat., i. 333 QieTiaada),— Scbbeb., Gen., n. 1761. — ^ Shrhardia Scop. 
 MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat.; i. 928. — Jack., Mai. Misc., (ex Mbissn., loc. cit.). 
 
 ii. 7, 33 ?, {Lam-us). — Wi&HT., Icon., t. 1831. — ^ This genus, ascribed by authors to Crypto- 
 
 Thw., Ermm. PI. Zeyl., 253. can'yeee on account of its greatly elongated con- 
 
 2 Syst., 192, 197. — 'SiWaji., Gen., n. 2034. — cave receptacle — which is indeed anomalous in 
 
 Hi'S.'issS.fProdf., 63. Ci'««amo»te«.— must yet be classed in the latter 
 
 ' This genus, nearest to Saasia, and (among group because of its wholly iree germen, difTer- 
 
 the CirmamometB) analogous to Cryptocqrya, ing from Cinnamomwm and the neighbouring 
 
 differs from the former chiefly in the structure genera only in its longer obconical receptacle, 
 
 of the germen and fruit. The ripe fruit is altogether that of Alseodaphne, 
 
 * Species 6, 7. ROXB., Sori. Calc., 30 (Lau. and is not enclosed in the sacciform receptacle. 
 nut). — Bl., Sijdr., 555 (Zamrus). — Zom., ' Species about 7. Nebs, in Linmea, xxi. 
 Verz., 113 (J2a<mo).— Wam,., Cat.i n. Z539 512 j in Bot., Zeit., xxii., Beibl., 64.— E(em. & 
 {TetroMthera). — MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 919, ScH., Syst., vii. n. 1300. — Walp., Ann., iii. 
 969 (DapMidium). — Bl., Mns. Lugd.'Bal., i. 311. 
 
 332. 
 
 VOL. II. H H 
 
466 NATURAL SI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 13. Potameia Dup.-Th. — Flowers hermaphrodite (or poly- 
 gamous ?), 2-merotis ; sepals 2 petals 2, alternating, nearly similar to 
 one another. Stamens 6-8 ; 2 outer alternate with petals and 2 
 opposite fertile ; filaments short dilated subfoliaceous ; anthers 
 introrse 2-celled. Stamens of third row 2, alternipetalous sterile, 2- 
 glandular at base. Staminodes 2, interior oppositipetalous sterile 
 minute glandlike, more frequently 0. Overmen free (of MacMlus). 
 Berry superior free, inserted on unthickened pedicel and surrounded 
 at base by short receptacle and scarcely enlarged perianth. — A 
 shrub ; branches erect ; leaves alternate linear-lanceolate ; inflores- 
 cences axillary to leaves of upper twigs [Madagascar). See p. 431. 
 
 II. CETPTOCAETE^. 
 
 14. Crsrptocarya E. Bk. — Flowers hermaphrodite; receptacle 
 long-urceolate accrescent, more or less narrowed in throat. Perianth 
 6-leaved, deciduous or more rarely persistent {Cyanodaphne) ; outer 
 leaves often smaller. Stamens 12; outer 9 fertile; anthers 2-celled; 
 anthers of first and second rows introrse, anthers of third row ex- 
 trorse or subextrorse, 2-glandular at base. Staminodes 3, interior 
 oppositipetalous, varying in form. Grermen inserted in bottom of 
 receptacle. Berry included in and slightly or closely {Caryodaphne) 
 adherent to dry or succulent receptacle. — Trees; leaves alternate 
 penniveined, more rarely subtripliveined or three ribbed [Caryodaphne); 
 bud-scales few; inflorescences axiUary or terminal {Tropical Asia, 
 Indian Archipelago, Malaysia, Australia, Tropical Africa and America). 
 See p. 431. 
 
 15. Boldu Peuill. — Flowers of Cryptocarya. Berry ovate, 
 rarely surrounded by non-adherent and dry fragile receptacle, 
 which is rarely persistent, usually falling more or less early and 
 leaving berry naked supported on thickened pedicel. Other parts of 
 Cryptocarya. — Trees ; leaves opposite or subopposite, coriaceous 
 penniveined ; buds naked ; inflorescences axillary {Chili). See p. 432. 
 
 16. Ravensara Sonnee,. — Flowers hermaphrodite (or poly- 
 gamous ?) ; receptacle obconical thick concave. Perianth-leaves 6 
 free equal, often inflexed at apex valvate. Stamens 12, inserted 
 in throat of receptacle and adnate to base of perianth-leaves ; 9 
 fertile ; anthers 2-celled ; 6 outer introrse ; 3 inner subextrorse or 
 
IfAUEAOE^. 467 
 
 extrorse ; 3 innermost quite sterile ovate or subsagittate, Grermen 
 inserted in bottom of receptacle, free ; style capitate stigmatiferous 
 at apex ; ovule subpendjjlous anatropous. Fruit wholly included ; re- 
 ceptacle much thickened with woody vertical dissepiments projecting 
 inwards j pericarp thin, closely appressed to seed and like it divided 
 into 6 lobes by receptacular dissepiments, except just below apex, 
 long crowned by persistent perianth and androceum, finally umbiHcate 
 at apex. Embryo fleshy, shaped like seed and pericarp; radicle 
 short, straight, superior ; cotyledons deeply 3-lobed below. — Trees ; 
 leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined ; inflorescences axillary and 
 terminal often short {Madq-gascar). See p. 433. 
 
 17. Ampelodaphue Meissn.' — Flowers dioecious ; receptacle in- 
 fundibuliform, lined within by a thin disk; perianth-leaves 6 
 regular, finally deciduous. Stamens 9 (in female flower sterile, 
 sometimes 3 or 6 absent) inserted on throat of receptacle, 2- 
 celled ; tbree innermost extrorse, 2-glandular. Germen (rudimentary 
 or ia male flower) inserted and included in bottom of receptacle. 
 Fruit (baccate ?) long included in receptacle and crowned by peri- 
 anth, finally half-exserted and surrounded at base by truncate quite 
 entire lower part of receptacle. — Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate 
 or subverticillate, coriaceous penniveined; inflorescences many- 
 flowered pyramidal, axillary or subterminal {Tropical South America^. 
 
 18. Aydeudron Nbes & Mart.' — Flowers hermaphrodite; recep- 
 tacle infundibuliform or urceolate ; perianth-leaves 6 subequal, 
 equal to receptacle or longer deciduous. Stamens 9, fertile inserted 
 in throat of receptacle ; anthers ovate obtuse, dehiscing by 2 sub- 
 apical valves (apparently 3-porricidal through early fall of valves) ; 
 innermost 3 extrorse, 2-glandular at base. Sterile stamens or 
 minute. Germen included in receptacle. Berry almost completely 
 included or half-exserted ; rim of cupule, single or double ; inner lip 
 inflexed finally erect ; outer patulous or scarcely prominent. — Trees 
 or shrubs; leaves alternate penniveinedij- inflorescences axillary or 
 subterminal {Tropical Americtf). 
 
 ' Prodr., 81. ' Nbbs & Maet., in LinncBa, viii. 36. — ^Neeb' 
 
 2 Species 3. MiQ., JPi. ^Hb., 203.— Meissn., %«<., 245.— Endl., G^eB., n. 2040.— Meissn., 
 
 in Mart. M. Bras., Lcmrao., 167, t. 57. — Frodr., 87, 510. 
 
 Walp., Ann., iii, 112 {Gceppertia). * Species about 35. Nees, in Litmma, xxi. 
 
 H H 2 
 
468 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANT8. 
 
 19. Aerodiclidium Nees.' — Flowers hermaphrodite ; receptacle 
 bbconical tubular or suburceolate, more or less narrowed in throat ; 
 perianth-leaves 6, subequal to receptacle or shorter. Stamens 9 
 inserted in throat of receptacle; buter 6 sterile, scale-like or 
 glandular ; innermost 3 fertile ; filaments thick, often short, more or 
 less coherent. Anthers extrorse 3-celled ; cells dehiscing by a 
 little oblique lid which early disappears. Germen inserted in bottom 
 of receptacle. Berry more or less dry, included in truncate, or in- 
 serted on finally flat receptacle; rim single or double. — Trees or 
 shrubs; leaves alternate or more rarely opposite, penniveined; in- 
 florescences axillary and subterminal ; bracts small or caducous 
 {Tropical America'). 
 
 20. Silvia Allem.' — " Mowers hermaphrodite. Calyx infundibu- 
 liform ; limb 6 -cleft ; lobes equal, shorter than tube (receptacle), 
 persistent. Outer stamens ; stamens of third row 3, inserted in 
 throat, opposite outer calyx-lobes, extrorse glandular ; anthers ovate 
 obtuse tapering into short flat .glabrous filaments, obliquely 2- 
 porricidal a little below apex. Staminodes 0. Getmen closely in- 
 cluded in calyx-tube, free ovate; style filiform.; stigma peltate 
 umbilicate. Berry dry oval, surrounded at base by spreading; 
 scarcely enlarged, 6-lobed calyx. — Trees, with altogether habit of 
 Aerodiclidium'; flowers small naked "panicled" {Brazil*). 
 
 21. Endiandra E. Br.* — Flowers polygamous; receptacle ob; 
 conical thick ; perianth deciduous ; 3 outer leaves equal to inner or 
 a little shorter. Stamens 9, 6 outer sterile small or gland-like^ 
 nearly free or connate into a ring ; 8 inner fertile ; filaments 2-glan- 
 dular or glandless at base; anthers extrorse 2-celled. Berry im- 
 
 497. — ^W., Spec., ii. 482 {Lauras) ? — Sfbeng., ii. 176 (JEndiandra). — ^Nees, in LirmeBa, xxi. 
 
 Syst., ii. 269. — H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spea., 500. — Meissh;, in Mart. M. Bros., Laii/rac., 
 
 ii. 266 (Ocotea). — Meissn., in Mart. jPI. JSras., 172, t. 59-61. 
 
 Lamrao., 176, t. 62-66, 105 (il.). — Wai,p., Aim., ' Bescr. Gen. Silvia Impress, (ex Meissn., 
 
 iii. 308. (To this must be ascribed Fersea hype- Frodr., 84, nee Velloz.). — Silvcsa MeIbsn.; 
 
 ricifoUa Nees, Syst., 165. — Lawms hyperici- ioc. oii. (nee Philipp., nee H. Blf.). 
 
 folia v. — Oryptocarya? duhia H. B. K., Nov. ^ Species 1, S.navalmm Msltm.., loc.cit.,ic. 
 
 &en. et Spec, ii. 167.) — Mbissn., in Ma/rt. Fl. Bras., Lamac., 171 
 
 • Syst., 244, 266. — Endi., Qen., n. 2042. — {SilvtBo). — Tapmhoan of the natives. 
 
 Meissn., Prodr., 84, 510. ' Frodr., 402.— Nees, Syst., 193.— Endi., 
 
 2 Species about 14. Sw., Frodr., 65 (Laurus) ; . Gen., n. 2033.— MeiSsn., Frodr., 78, 509. 
 M. Ind. Ooc, ii. 706, .709.— SPBENqf., Syst., 
 
LAURA0E2E. 469 
 
 mersed in truncate receptacle.^Trees ; leavQp alternate penniveined ; 
 bud-scales leafy; inflorescences axillary {India, Australia^). 
 
 22. Dietyodaphne Bl.'' — Flowers of Endiandra ; perianth de- 
 ciduous ; 3 outer leaves larger. Sterile stamens ; fertile 3 ; cells 
 sublateral. Berry quite naked, the whole perianth and receptacle 
 coming off by circumscission at base. — Trees; leaves alternate 
 penniveined ; buds small incomplete ; flowers in axillary, simple or 
 scarcely branched racemes {Continent and Islands of India'). 
 
 23. Misanteca Cham. & Schltl.'' — "Flowers hermaphrodite. 
 Calyx* fleshy ovoid, 6-toothed ; limb° deciduous ; outer teeth broader. 
 Stamens 9, inserted in throat; outer 6 sterile short conical truncate; 
 inner 3 larger ;. all united into a column; anthers extrorse 2--celled, 
 dehiscing by 2 oval apical valves ; accessory cells 2 rudimentary 
 barren. Pistil wholly included in staminal tube, free ; style simple ; 
 stigma capitate depressed. Drupe (or nut') olive-like mucronate 
 half-exserted ; cupule thickened truncate ; rim narrow double. — ^A 
 tree ; leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined ; flowers forming con- 
 tracted cymes and a compound capitulum ; bracts fugacious" 
 (Mexico^. 
 
 24. Bihauia Meissn.' — " Flowers hermaphrodite ? Calyx in- 
 fundibuliform, 6-partite; lobes subequal. Stamens 12, 4-seriate 
 glandless; 6 outer sterile petaloid opposite and similar to calyx- 
 lobes ; stamens of third row (3) fertile connivent linear-cuneate sub- 
 triquetrons truncate. Anthers confluent with filament ; locelli 4 (?) 
 apical on same plane 2 introrse, 2 extrorse ; stamens of fourth row 
 (staminodes) subulate. Germen (sterile ?) narrow included in calyx 
 tube, tapering into style ; stigma simple obtuse. Fruit" . . . . ? 
 —A tree ; leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined ; panicles lateral 
 lax" {Borneo'^). 
 
 ' Speraes 5, 6. Nebs, in Wall. PI. Asiat. — Endi., Qen., n. 2043. — Mbissk., Prodr., 95, 
 
 Itar., ii. 61, 68. — P. Mtjem,., Fragm., ii. 510. 
 
 90. — Benth. & JF. MuEliL., M. Austr., v. * Or rather receptacle (?). 
 
 300. ^ Or rather calyx (?). 
 
 2 Mw. iMgd.-Bat., i. 270. — Meissn., Prodr., ' Ex A. Gbat, in Proceed. Amer. Acad., v. 
 78, 509. 189. 
 
 3 Species 6, 7. Bi,., Mus. Zugd.-Paf., i. 332 ^ Species 1. M. capitata Cham. & Schlti. 
 (Undiamdra). — MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 918. — ' Prodr., 96. 
 
 Waip., Arm., ui. 107. '" " The size of a swan's egg." (MoTi.) 
 
 * In IArm<Ba, vi. 367. — ^Nees, Syst., 244', 272. " Species 1. 5. horneensis Mbissn. 
 
470 :NATVBAL EI8T0BY OF FZAMT8. 
 
 25. Mespilodaphue Nees." — Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious; 
 receptacle infundibuliform sabcampanulate or obconical; perianth- 
 leaves 6 equal, deciduous or more or less persistent. Stamens 9, 
 fertile, 3 innermost extrorse 2-celled; anthers with 2 superposed 
 pairs of locelli ; sterile stamens or minute. Germen closely in- 
 volved in receptacle. Berry included in perianth, more or less con- 
 stricted at apex or half-exserted ; rim of cupule simple or rarely 
 double (Niemodaphner). — Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate or sub- 
 verticillate, coriaceous penniveined, sometimes reticulate; inflores- 
 cences axUlary or terminal' {Tropical America, Mascarene Islands*). 
 
 III. OCOTEEJ]. 
 
 26. Ocotea Atjbl. — Flowers dioecious, more rarely hermaphrodite ; 
 receptacle shortly infundibuliform or cupuliform ; perianth-leaves 6, 
 equal or subequal, deciduous. Fertile stamens 9 ; outer 6 introrse, 
 with 2 pairs of superposed locelli ; inner 3 extrorse 2-glandular. 
 Staminodes 0, or more rarely small tooth-like subulate or obsolete. 
 Germen free, scarcely immersed in receptacle. Berry immersed in 
 truncate entire cupuliform receptacle ; pedicel thickened slightly or 
 not at all. — -Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, usually coriaceous, 
 penniveined or very rarely pseudo-tripliveined ; flowers cymose, 
 arranged in simple or branched axillary or terminal racemes {Tropical 
 and subtropical America, Continent and Islands E. and W. of Tropical 
 Africa). See p. 434, 
 
 27. Strychnodaphne Nees.' — Flowers of Ocotea; perianth all 
 persistent ; berry supported on nearly flat or slightly concave 
 receptacle and surrounded at base by short 6-lobed spreading 
 perianth. Other parts of Ocotea. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate 
 penniveined ; inflorescences axillary or terminal {Tropical America^). 
 
 > Syst., 192, 235.— EiTDi., &en., n. 2039.— Fl. Wnght, 188 (iVerftmdra).— Meissn., in 
 
 Meissn., Prod^., 96, 510. Mart. Fl. Bras., Zamrao., 186, t. 67-75. 
 
 ^ Meissn., Frodr., 109. » Progr., 17 ; in Lmncea, viii. 39.^-MElssir., 
 
 ' This gfenus comes very near Ocotea. Prodr., 142. 
 
 * Species about 50. Nbes, in lArmaa, viii. » Species 3 or 4. PoiE., Dirf., Snppl,, iii, 
 
 45. — SPEEira., Syett., ii. 496 (Myginda). — 323 {ia«n«).— NbES, Syst., 354, 471 (part.) 
 
 H. B. K., Nov. Q-en. et Spec, vii. 192, t. 645 Ocotea) ; in Litmcea, xxi. 524. — Sw., M. Ind. 
 
 (Cryptocarya). — Bl., Mus. Imgd.-Pat., i. 338 Occ, ii. 721 (Laurus). — Mbissn., in Mart. Fl. 
 
 {AgathopTiyUum, ex part.). — Lame., Diet., iii. Bras., Lamrac, 244, t. 86, 
 447; III., t. 331, fig. 2 {Lawrus).—(j.wssa., 
 
LAUBAOEM. 471 
 
 28. Camphoromcea Nees.' — Flowers dioecious ; receptacle infun- 
 dibuliform ; perianth subrotate ; leaves equal persistent. Stamens 
 9, fertile in male flower, 4-locellate ; 3 innermost extrorse, 2-glandu- 
 lar at base. G-ermen (in male flower small, effete, or 0), inserted in 
 bottom of receptacle free. Berry oblong, surrounded at base by 
 scarcely indurated or enlarged perianth, and receptacle; pedicel 
 rather long, scarcely thickened below fruit, and tapering at base. — 
 Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, usually pseudo-tripliveined ; 
 inflorescences axillary or subterminal ; pedicels thin, usually longer 
 than small flowers ; elongated when fruiting" {Tropical Americcf). 
 
 29 ? Gjrmnobalanus IsTees.^ — Flowers dioecious, nearly of Ocotea ; 
 male rather larger ; 2 inferior anther-cells oblique, nearly sublateral. 
 Staminodes 0. Eeceptacle of female flower cupulate, almost wholly 
 deciduous, with rotate perianth. Berry globose or ovate, naked, 
 inserted on orbicular flat or nearly flat base of receptacle, longer 
 than thickened fleshy, cylindrical or shortly clavate, pedicel.^— Trees 
 or shrubs; leaves alternate penniveined; inflorescences axillary or 
 subterminaP {Tropical America^). 
 
 30. Nectandra Eoland.'' — Mowers nearly of Ocotea, hermaphro- 
 dite or polygamous ; receptacle cupuliform, persistent ; perianth 
 subrotate spreading ; leaves rotundate, often subcarnose, valvate 
 deciduous ; inner usually larger and thicker. Stamens shortly 
 stalked, thick; anthers 4-locellate; locelli introrse in 6 outer 
 stamens, in 3 inner fertile lateral or subextrorse, and arranged in a 
 curve with its concavity upwards (not superposed in pairs). Grermen 
 barren in male flowers. Berry accompanied by shortly cupuliform 
 receptacle ; rim simple, very rarely double.- — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate, or more rarely opposite penniveined ; inflorescences axil- 
 
 ' Syiit., 3S4, 46S. — ESDi., <?e»., n. 2053. — ' A genus only to be diagnosed by the recep- 
 
 Meissk., Frodr., 143, 512. tacle, whicli is almost wholly deciduous with the 
 
 ' A genus only distinguished from many perianth, and by the form of the fleshy thickened 
 
 species of Ocotea by its persistent calyx and receptacle, 
 
 the nervation of its leaves. ^ Species 6, 7. Nebs, in lAnncBa, xxi. 509 
 
 "Species 8, 9. MiQ., Pi. Swim,., 201 {Oreo- (Jfectandra). — Mbissn., in Mart. Fl. Sras., 
 
 daphne) ? — Mbissn., in Mart. Fl. Sras., Lam- Lcmrae., 241, t. 84, 85. 
 
 roc., 246, t. 87-89.— Waip., Ann., iii. 313 ' Ex Rottb., in Act. Litt. Safn. i. (1778), 
 
 {Oreodaphne). 279 ; PI. Sunn., 10.— Nebs, Sj/st., 277. — ^Eitdl., 
 
 * S^/st., 454, 479 Endi,., Gen., n. 2055.— Gen., n. 2044.— Mbissn., Frodr., 146, 612. 
 
 Meissn., Frodr., 140, 512. 
 
472 NATUBAL .HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 lary or subterminal, usually subcorymbiform' {'Bropieal, and Scmihern- 
 mhtrojpical Americd'y. 
 
 31. Pleurothyrium. Nees.' — Flowers hermaphrodite ; receptacle 
 thick, shortly obconical, lined by a thick disk, more or less inflexed 
 above ; perianth-leaves longer thick coriaceous deciduous. Fertile 
 .stamens 9, inserted perigynously with perianth outside rim of disk ; 
 outer 6 alternating with perianth-lobes ; inner 3 2-glandular ; 
 filaments rather thick ; anthers thick, cubical-oblong ; locelli 4, in a 
 finally horizontal row, extrorse in outer 6, introrse in inner 3 
 stamens ; outer locelli sublateral ; middle pair rather higher. Sterile 
 stamens 3 small, or 0. Germen included in receptacle, free. Berry 
 included in or surrounded by receptacle with truncate apex .... ? — 
 Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined ; inflores- 
 cences (usually large) axillary or terminal ; bracts deciduous {Peru, 
 North Brazil"). 
 
 33. Dicsrpellium Nees.' — " Flowers dioecious. Perianth rotate 
 spreading, deeply 6-partite, coriaceous, wholly persistent. Male flower 
 unknown. Female: — stamens 12 sterile, 4-seriate; 3 outermost 
 petaloid persistent, finally coriaceous ; those of second row antheri- 
 form subspathulate, obsoletely 4-locellate below inflexed apex ; those 
 of third row similar to last, smaller subtruncate ; of fourth row 
 scale-like erect oblong, appressed against pistil. Other staminodes 0. 
 Stigma acute. Berry dry, at base surrounded by subcarnose en- 
 larged and indurated perianth spreading with the stamens; sup- 
 ported on dilated flat 6-angular disk" {BraziP). 
 
 33. Synandrodaphne Meissn.' — Flowers hermaphrodite ; recep- 
 tacle infundibuliform ; perianth subrotate 6 merous persistent. 
 
 ' Nebs divides tliis genus into two sections : — 281. — Meissn., in Mart. Fl. Bras., Laurac., 
 
 1. Pomatia, flowers rather large, usually tomen- 250, t. 90-101, 105 (iii.). 
 
 lose outside ; staminodes small or ; inflores- ' Syst., 342, 349. — Gndl., Oen., u. 2047. 
 
 cences corymbiform or thyrsoidj leaves usually Meissn., Prodr., 168. 
 
 revolute at edge. 2. Porost^ma (Scheee.), < Species 7 or 8. Meissn., in Mcurt. M. 
 
 flowers small glabrous or sUb-tomcntose ; sta- Sras., Lcmrae., 279. — Waxp., Ann., iii. 311. 
 
 minodes small subcapitate or j inflorescences ' Syst., 343. — Ekbl., Oen., n. 2045. — 
 
 thyrsoid or more frequently laxly elongated; Mbissn., Prodr., 170. 
 
 leaves flat, or more rarely slightly reflexed at « Species 1. B. ca/n/ophyllatwm Nees, loe. 
 
 edge. cit. (excl. syn.).-^MBissir., in Mwrt. Fl. Pros., 
 
 2 Species about 75. Nees, in lAnncea, viii. Lcmrae., 281, t. 102. — Persea ? cmryophyllata 
 
 46; xxi. 501.— Benih., PI. Bartweg., 253; ■MABT.(ex Meissn.). — J*^raGi^«Aoof the natives 
 Suljjh., 161.— Gbiseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., i. ^ Prodr.,l1S 
 
LAUBACEM. 4,7S 
 
 Stamens 12, fertile 9, connate into a ring at ver}' base; outer 6 in- 
 trorse ; inner 3 extrorse, 2-glandular at base ; anthers of all with 4 
 locelli in two superposed pairs ; 3 innermost ligulate staminodes. 
 Germ en inserted in bottom of receptacle (sometimes sterile ?) ; style 
 cylindrical, apex stigmatiferous obtuse. Berry supported on clavate 
 thickened receptacle. — Trees ; leaves alternate penniveined ; inflores- 
 .cences axillary lax {Tropical America^). 
 
 34? Symphysodaphne A. Rich.^ — "Flowers hermaphrodite. 
 Perianth 6-partite, lobes erect, ovate-acute. Stamens 3, fertile 
 connate into a tube including pistil and topping perianth, with its 
 apex extrorsely antheriferous. Staininodes and glands (?). Crermen 
 ovate, tapering into slender style ; stigma obtuse convex. Fruit 
 .... ? — A tree ; leaves alternate veined ; inflorescences solitary in 
 upper axils"^ {Cuba*). 
 
 35. Sassafras Bauh. — Flowers dioecious ; receptacle subconicave 
 thin ; perianth-leaves 6, membranous subpetaloid, deciduous above 
 base. Stamens 9, subperigynous (in female sterile and glandular at 
 apex, with some often wanting), 3-seriate, filaments elongated 
 slender ; innermost 3 bearing two lateral stipitate glands at base ; 
 anthers fertile, all introrse 4-locellate ; locelli superposed in pairs ; 
 upper pair smaller. Grermen (in male flower wholly wanting) sessile j 
 style slender, more or less bowed ; apex capitate subdiscoid stigma- 
 tiferous. Berry obovate or subglobose, at base shortly tapering 
 supported on subclavate top of pedicel and surrounded by cupuliform 
 6-crenate or 6-dentate base of perianth. — Trees; buds perulate; 
 leaves alternate tripliveined, entire or lobed deciduous ; flowers 
 racemose long-pedicellate, bursting oat of an involucre of silky scales 
 {North America). See p. 435. 
 
 36. Sassafridium Meissn. — " Flowers hermaphrodite : perianth 
 subcoroUine rotate ; lobes deciduous. Fertile stamens 9, inserted 
 at base of perianth-leaves, all introrse and 4-locellate ; innermost 3 
 2-glandular. Staminodes 3, interior to stamens, small capitate. 
 
 ' Species 2, 3. Gbiseb., M. Brit. W. Ind., ' An unpublished description j characters taken 
 
 ,L 282 ^Nectcmdrd). from a plate. 
 
 ' In Bam. Sagr. Fl. Cub., t. 67, — Meissn., ■• Species 1. & mlemis A. KiOH., loo. ait. 
 Frod^., 175. 
 
474 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Germen free j style short ; apex thickened 3-gonous stigmatiferous. 
 Berry surrounded at base by truncate turbinate receptacle; rim 
 double; both lips very short erect; outer obsoletely 6-crenate; 
 inner subentire. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate coriaceous pen- 
 niveined; peduncles axillary and subterminal slender at above 
 halfway up, forming branching corymbs, bracteate ; branches of 
 peduncles cymose or subumbellate, 3-oo -flowered {Tropical Americay 
 See p. 436. 
 
 37. Goeppertia Nees.' — Flowers dioecious or polygamous ; recep- 
 tacle cupuliform or very shortly obconical spreading ; perianth 
 rotate; leaves 6 equal short, tardily deciduous. Stamens 9 (in 
 female flower sterile antherless), in male flower fertile, 2-locellate ; 
 innermost 3 2-glandular extrorse ; filaments flat; connective pro- 
 duced beyond cells. Grermen (in male flower sterile narrow) inserted 
 in centre of receptacle, free ; stigma often subsessile. Berry oblong, 
 long surrounded at base by persistent 6-lobed perianth, supported 
 on cupuliform truncate (after fall of perianth) receptacle. — Trees ; 
 leaves alternate penniveined or more frequently pseudo-tripliveined ; 
 inflorescences axillary lax {Tropical America^). 
 
 IV. TETEANTHEEE.^. 
 
 38. Tetranthera Jacq. — ^Flowers dioecious (or very rarely poly- 
 gamous). Perianth usually 6-merous petaloid deciduous, inserted 
 on small subconcave receptacle. Stamens usually 9-12, more rarely 
 15-30, perigynous; filaments free; inner 3 or 6 possessing 1 or 2 
 stipitate or sessile glands ; anthers (in female flower rudimentary or 
 0) 4-locellate. Staminodes obsolete or 0. Germen (in male flower 
 rudimentary or 0) free ; style slender, variably dilated at stigmatife- 
 rous apex. Berry supported on patelliform flat or subconcave, entire 
 or sinuate receptacle. — Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate or more 
 rarely opposite, penniveined, persistent or rarely deciduous ; buds 
 with leafy scales, or more frequently incomplete ; flowers forming 
 4-8-flowered umbels ; each inflorescence enclosed in an involucre 
 
 ' Syst., 354, 365. — Enbl., &en., n. 2051.— — Sohott, in Spreng. Sgst., iv. 405 {Ctypfo' 
 
 Meissn., Frodr., 172, 513. — Undlicheria Nees, carya). — Geiseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., i. 284 
 
 in lAmicea, viii. 87 (nee Peesi.). — Sehameria (Ai/dendron). — ^Meissn., in Mart, Fl, Braa.i 
 
 Nees, in Lindl. Nat. St/st., ed. 2, 202. Jjaurac., 281, t. 103, 104. 
 
 ' Species 12-14. Nbes, in XAnneea, xxi. 513. 
 
LAUBACE^. 475 
 
 of 4-6 leaves closely imbricated and globose before antbesis, in- 
 cluded pedunculate ; umbels often coming from an obsolete axillary 
 bud, solitary or fascicled, more rarely racemose or corymbose on a 
 common twig {Asia, Oceania, tropical and subtropical America, Islands 
 of Africa). See p; 437. 
 
 39. Cylicodaphne Nees.' — ^Flowers of Tetranthera ; receptacle 
 deeper enlarged after flowering, surrounding half-immersed or in- 
 cluded berry ; rim truncate. — Trees or sbrubs, witb habit leaves and 
 inflorescences of Tetranthera^ {Continent and Islands of Indi(f). 
 
 40. Dodecadenia Nees.'' — ^Flowers {oi Tetranthera) hermaphrodite, 
 solitary in an imbricated scaly bud. Stamens 12-15; outer 6-9 
 glandless; anthers of all introrse 4-loceUate. Berry supported on 
 flat receptacle and thick peduncle. Other parts of Tetranthera. — ^A 
 tree ; leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined ; buds imbricated scaly, 
 peduncles axillary solitary 1 -flowered {Indi(f)i 
 
 41. Actinodaphne Nees.° — Flowers dioecious; receptacle shortly 
 obconical ; perianth-leaves 6, subequal deciduous. Stamens 9, fertile 
 (in female flower sterile ligulate) ; inner 2-glandular ; anthers 
 4-loceIlate, all introrse. Germen (in male flower rudimentary 
 barren) free. Berry supported on truncate, cupuliform or nearly 
 flat, receptacle. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, or crowded sub- 
 verticiUate at ends of branches, penniveined or more rarely 
 3-pliveined ; buds perulate, with imbricate scales ; flowers axUlary, 
 glomerate racemose or fascicled, more rarely solitary, before antbesis 
 enveloped in bud-scales {Tropical AsidF). 
 
 42. Litssea J.° — Flowers dioecious (nearly of Actinodaphne) ; 
 
 1 In Wall. Fl. Aaiat. Mar., ii. 61, 67; Syst., 587.— Ehbi., &en.i n. 2063. — Meissn., Prodr. 
 503. — Endl., &en., n. 2058, — Meissn., Frodr., 210, 515. 
 
 200, 515. — Lepidadenia Nees & Aew., in Udinb. ' Species 1. D. grandijlora NeeS, loc. cit,-^^ 
 
 Wew Phil. Jov/rn. (1834), 261.— Nees, Syst., Wall., Cat., n. 2544 {TetraMhera). 
 
 582. — EsTDL., &en., u. 2062. ' In Wall. PI. Asiai. Sar., ii. 68 ; iii. 31 j 
 
 2 Wherefrom it differs " in no essential or St/st, 586, 590. — Endl., Gen., n. 2064. — 
 certain character, except that the calyx is cupu- Meissn., Prodr,, 210, 515. — Jososte Nbes, in 
 liform instead of flat in the fruit " (Meissn.). Wall. PI. Asiat. Mar., 63. 
 
 ^ Species ahout 40. Bl., Mus. Lugd.-Bat., i. ' Species ahout 45. Bl.j Mws. iMgd.-Bat., 
 
 386; ii. 12.— MiQ., M. Ind.-Bat., i. 931;— i. 341.— Wight, Icon., t. 1841-1843.— MlQ., 
 
 Thw., Hmm. PI. Zeyl., 255.— Hassk., PI. Ja:v., in Zoll. Verx., 114, 116 ; Fl. Jnd.-Mat., i. 964. 
 
 213 (Tetrantkera). — Wioht, Icon., t. 1839 — Thw., X!mm. PI. Zeyl., 256. 
 
 (Lepidadema). * In Diet. Hist. Nat., xxvii. 70 (part.).— ^ 
 
 * In Wall. PI. Asiat. Mar., ii. 61, 63 ; Syst., Nees, Amoin. Bom,., i. t. 5, 6, fig. 6, 7 j Syat^ 
 
476 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Perianth.-leaves 4-6; deciduous. Stamens 6 (in female flower "4-6 
 sterile, ligulate or tongue-shaped); inner 3-glandular; anthers in 
 all introrse, 4-locellate. Grermen (in male flower sterile or 0) 
 free. Berry supported on flat discoid persistent receptacle ; pedicel 
 slightly thickened or obconical below fruit. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate or more rarely subverticiUate, 3-ribbed or tripliveined, 
 rarely penniYeined ; florigenous buds axillary ; scales imbricate de- 
 ciduous ; flowers glomerate (Asia, tropical and mhtropical Australia^). 
 
 43. Daphnidium Nees.^ — Flowers of Actinodaphne, many in the 
 scaly bud ; stamens 9 ; inner 3 2-glandular at base ; anthers in all 
 S-16cellate (in females flower sterile). Germen rudimentary in male 
 flower. Berry supported on entire receptacle, sometimes surrounded 
 at base by 6-lobed perianth, or possessing a thickened pedicel. — Trees 
 or shrubs ; leaves alternate palmiveined or more rarely penniveined ; 
 florigenous buds axillary subsessile ; flowers glomerate fascicled or 
 very rarely solitary, concealed in scales, sometimes subumbeUate and 
 possessing a proper 4-leaved involucre {Tropical and Subtropical Asia^. 
 
 44 ? Polyadenia Nees.'' — Flowers nearly of Baphnidium ; perianth 
 deciduous. Stamens 6-9 all glanduliferous, berry supported on flat 
 entire receptacle. — A tree; leaves alternate coriaceous penniveined; 
 flowers arranged in fascicled-agglomerate axillary umbels possessing 
 proper 4-leaved involucres {India^). 
 
 45. Aperula Bl.^ — Flowers nearly of Baphnidium; perianth 
 4-leaved deciduous. Fertile stamens 6-9 ; inner 2-6, 2-glandular 
 at base. Berries on flat entire receptacle. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves 
 alternate or subopposite persistent penniveined ; leaf-buds incom- 
 plete. Flower-bearing buds axUlary small umbellate or (female) 
 
 ,586, 621.— Ende., Gen., n. 2066. — Mbissn., ^ gpecies about 17. DoK, Prodr. M. Nepal., 
 
 Frodr., 220, 515. — Tetradenia Nees, in Wall. 64 {Lawrm) ?. — Bi,., JBiJdr., 553 {Lamrus) ; 
 
 PI, Asiat, Uar., ii. 61, 64 ; Frogr., 19. — Dwr- Mus. lMgd.-Bat., i. 551. — Zoi.li., Verx., 114. 
 
 winia Denhst. (ex LindIj., Teg. Kmgd., 537, MiQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 963 {Polgadema) 975.— 
 
 nee KuDa.). A. BEAUif, Preuss. Gartenb., xxi. 14. 
 
 ' Species about 30. Bl., Mus. Iiugd.-Bat., i. * In Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar., ii. 61 ; Syst. 
 
 345.-^DoN, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., 65 {Tetranthera). 502, 571 (part.). — Endi,., n. 2060. ^Meissn.I 
 
 — Thunb., Fl. Jap., 173 {Lamrus).— Miq,., Fl. Prodr., 232. 
 
 Jnd.-Bai., i. 972.. — Benih., in Hook. Jowm., v. * Species 1. P. reiiculafa Nees, he. cit., 62. 
 
 199. — Wight, Icon., t. 132, 1844. — Benth. & —TetrantJiera reticulata Hamtt.t, (ex Waxi ' 
 
 P. Mfem., Fl. Austr., v. 306. Cat., n. 2551). 
 
 2 In Wall. PI. Asiat. Mar., ii. 61, 63 ; 8i/st., « Mus. Lugd.-Bat., i. 365. — Meissn., Prodr. 
 
 586, 606. — Endi., Gen., n. 2065. — MuissN., 240, 516. — Polyadenia Miq., Fl. Ind'.-Bat. '{. 
 
 Prodr., 228, 516. 960 (part., nee Nbbs). 
 
LAUBACE^. " 477 
 
 solitary ; involucre 4-leaved deciduous {Ik-opical and stibtropical Asia^ 
 Japaif). 
 
 46. Lindera Thumb. — Plowers nearly of Baphnidium ; perianth. 
 B-leaved deciduous. Stamens 9 (in female flower sterile filiform) ; 
 inner 3 or 6 with 2 stipitate glands at base ; anthers ovate obtuse 
 2-celled, all introrse or inner sublateral. Grermen free ; style slender ; 
 apex 2- or 3-lobed stigmatiferous. Berry supported on entire or 
 6-cleft receptacle. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate penniveined or 
 tripliveined, herbaceous, entire or 3-lobed, deciduous; leaf-buds 
 perulate ; umbellules of flowers fascicled, or subumbeUate or fascicled 
 on a short peduncle, surrounded by a 4-leaved "involucre {Tropicd 
 Asia, Japan, North America). See p. 438. 
 
 47. Ijaurus T. — Flowers dioecious or polygamous ; perianth 
 4-leaved subpetaloid, or more rarely 2-8-leaved deciduous. Stamens 
 12 ; filaments aU possessing a stipitate gland on each side halfway 
 up; anthers all introrse 2-lOceUate (stamens in female flower 
 usually 4 sterile ligulate). Grermen (in male flower 0) free; styl6 
 short ; apex obtusely 3-gonous stigmatiferous. Berry ovate, sup- 
 ported on truncate or irregular receptacle ; pericarp thin fleshy j 
 embryo thick ovate ; cotyledons, plano-convex very fleshy oily, 
 sheathing around superior radicle. — Aromatic evergreen trees; 
 leaves alternate coriaceous ; flowers umbellulate, involucrate in 
 membranous deciduous bracts ; umbellules varying in number, in- 
 siBrted on a short axillary twig, which is often gemmiparous at apex 
 {Asia Minor, Canary Island). See p. 439. 
 
 V. CASSYTHEiE. 
 
 48. Cassytha L. — Flowers hermaphrodite or more rarely polyga- 
 mous ; receptacle thick, urceolate. Perianth inserted in mouth of 
 receptacle, persistent ; calyx short 3-leaved ; corolla much longer ; 
 leaves, orbicular concave valvate. Stamens 12, inserted with peri- 
 anth ; outer 9 fertile ; 3 superposed petals and connate therewith at 
 base, and 3 alternate glandless introrse ; 3 (of third row) 2-glandular 
 
 ' Species 15. Nees, Syst., bll (Polt/adenia) ; iv. 3, 206 {JBenzom ?) — MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. 
 in Wall PI. Asiat. Mar., ii. 63 (Dapkiudium). 962 {PoVyadmid), 957 (re/ramiAero).— Waxp., 
 — SiEBi & Zucc, in AMumdl. d. Mwach, Akad., Ama., i. 577. 
 
478 NATUBAL EI8T0BY OF PLANTS. 
 
 at base, extrorse ; anthers all 2-locellate ; connective different in 
 stamens of each row ; staminodes 3, quite interior oppositipetalous, 
 3-angular or gland-like, sessile or stipitate. Germen inserted in 
 bottom of receptacle, included j ovule 1 descending ; style short ; apex 
 stigmatiferous, sometimes depressed. Fruit membranous, included 
 in thickened fleshy receptacle with constricted mouth crowned by 
 remains of perianth and (often) androceum. Seed subglobular; 
 embryo thick fleshy; cotyledons hemispherical;' radicle short 
 superior. — ^Parasitic leafless herbs ; scales representing leaves remote 
 alternate ; stem and branches flliform terete, clinging to other plants 
 by rows of papilliform or patelliform suckers. Flowers in rarely 
 capitate terminal simple or compound racemes or more frequently 
 spikes; bracts alternate 1 -flowered; bractlets 2, lateral sterile j 
 upper flowers sometimes 1 -sexual (AU parts of the Tropics). See 
 p. 440. 
 
 VI. aYEOCAEPE^. 
 
 49. Gjrroearpus Jacq. — Flowers polygamous ; receptacle urce6- 
 late with contracted mouth in female and hermaphrodite flowers ; 
 subconcave in males. Perianth 4-1 0-leaved; 2 leaves larger than 
 rest in hermaphrodites and females. Stamens 3-6, inserted along 
 with perianth ; filaments free, 2-4 possessing 1 or 2 subclavate 
 glands at base ; anthers basifixed dilated-compressed 2-locellate ; 
 locelli introrse submarginal valvate. Grermen (rudimentary in male 
 flower) included in receptacle, 1 -celled ; ovule 1, descending from 
 nearly apex of cell, anatropous ; style slender ; apex capitate stigma- 
 tiferous. Fruit included in drupaceous receptacle, crowned at apex 
 by 2 subopposite sepals accrete into a long-spathulate erect mem- 
 branous-woody wing ; mesocarp thin. Embryo exalbuminous fleshy ; 
 radicle short superior ; cotyledons 2, broad petiolate spirally convo- 
 lute around plumule and tigellum. — Trees or shrubs, some climbing ; 
 leaves alternate petiolate digitiveined simple, entire or lobed, or 
 more rarely 3-foliolate ; flowers in much-branched corymboid or 
 panicled racemes of crowded cymes, pedicel bracteate {America, 
 Australia, tropical Asia). See p. 442. 
 
 50. Sparattanthelium Mart. — Flowers polygamous, nearly of 
 
 ' [Consolidated when mature, simulating albumen. See Benth., Fl. Austr., v. 308.] 
 
LAUBAOEM 479 
 
 Gyroearpus ; perianth 4^6-leaved. Stamens 4-6, opposite perianth- 
 leaves (sterile in female flower), filaments slender glandless ; anthers 
 apiculate linear introrse. Grermen included in very concave recep- 
 tacle of female or hermaphrodite flower, 1 -ovulate ; style cylindrical 
 erect, apex subhemispherical-capitate stigmatiferous, Fruit inferior 
 wingless dry, completely enveloped in thin receptacle ; seed exalba- 
 minous embryo fleshy ; cotyledons corrugated contortuplicate. — 
 Shrubs ; leaves alternate tripli- or subtripliveined ; inflorescences (of 
 Gyrocarpui) axillary or subaxUlary {Tropical America). See p. 443. 
 
 VII. ILLiaEEE^. 
 
 51. Uligera Bl. — Mowers hermaphrodite regular; receptacle 
 narrowly urceolate, constricted into a neck above. Perianth and 
 stamens inserted in throat. Perianth-leaves (10 rarely 8) in 2 alter-r 
 nate whorls, valvate ; inner subsimilar to outer, a little thinner ; all 
 deciduous. Stamens 5, alternate with inner perianth-leaves, epi^ 
 gynous ; filaments free, each bearing at base 3 somewhat external 
 lateral cucuUate obliquely truncate glands forming pairs opposite 
 inner perianth-leaves; anthers basifixed; connective thick sub- 
 cuneate ; cells 2, introrse sublateral, dehiscing by valves, finally ex- 
 panded. Glands 5, small external to stamens oppositipetalous. 
 Germen included in receptacle, 1 -celled ; ovule 1, descending from 
 nearly apex of cell, anatropous ; style slender, traversed by 1 longi- 
 tudinal groove ; apex stigmatiferous much dilated peltate, or concave 
 above and 'repand. Pruit coriaceous, narrowly elongated grooved 
 longitudinally indehiscent, induviate by receptacle dilated into 2-4 
 vertical veined wings. Seeds cylindrical ; embryo exalbuminous ; 
 cotyledons thick amygdaloid plano-convex ; radicle superior retracted. 
 — Climbing shrubs ; leaves alternate petiolate, 3-foliolate ; leaflets 
 petiolulate entire subcoriaceous ; flowers in elongated pedunculate 
 lax cymiferous racemes ; ramifications bracteate at forks ; bractlets 
 below flower 1-3 (Eastern tropical Jsia, Malaysia), See p. 443. 
 
 VIII. HEENANDIE^. 
 
 52. Hernandia Plum. — ^Flowers monoecious. Male flower: — 
 receptacle very short ; perianth-leaves 6 or more rarely 8, in 2 
 alternating whorls subsimilar valvate. Stamens 3 or 4, opposite 
 
480 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 outer perianth-leaves; filaments free, 1- or 2-glandular at base; 
 anthers basifixed ; connective thick ; cells 3, lateral subintrorse, 
 finally dehiscing by valves. Female flower : — receptacle urceolate, 
 glandular rugose halfway up outside ; mouth much constricted. 
 Perianth inserted in mouth; leaves 8 or more rarely 10, 2-seriate 
 valvate deciduous. Glands 4 {staminodes ?) opposite outer leaves 
 and inserted along with perianth. Grermen included in receptacle 
 1-celled ovule 1, descending from near apex of cell, anatropous ; 
 style slender, traversed by 1 longitudinal groove ; apex stigmatife- 
 rous dilated, unequally crenate or lobed. Fruit dry indehiscent 
 1-seeded, enveloped by truncate umbilicate receptacle, which is 
 smooth outside or 8-lO-grooved and slightly glandular at base. 
 Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick fleshy ruminate ; radicle 
 
 superior short Trees ; leaves alternate petiolate coriaceous, some^ 
 
 times peltate, entire, palmi- or pinnativeined ; flowers forming a ter- 
 toinal or axillary raceme of cymes ; cymes (?) pedunculate ternate ; 
 common involucre 4-leaved foliaceous inserted on top of peduncle ; 
 Central flower female subsessile, possessing at base a truiicate or 
 4-toothed cupulate or shortly-urceolate proper involucel ; involucel 
 accrescent, dilating into a bladder with truncate mouth around fruit 
 and receptacle {Tropical America, Oceania, and Asia). See p. 445. 
 
XI. E L ^ A G ]N^ A C E ^. 
 
 I. OLEASTEE SERIES. 
 
 This small order derives its name from the genus Elceagnu^ or 
 Oleaster (Fr., Chalef), which has regular flowers (figs. 279-384), 
 hermaphrodite or rarely polygamous. The receptacle forms a hollow 
 
 Elaagwus ongustifolia. 
 
 Fig. 2^9. 
 Ploriferous branch. 
 
 cornet, lodging the ovary, and lined by a glandular disk with thick- 
 ened edges. Thereon is inserted the simple tubular or campanulate 
 perianth (considered a gamosepalous calyx), divided above into a few 
 valvate lobes or teeth. Their number is usually four (figs. 280, 
 281), more rarely from five to eight. The androceum consists of an 
 
 ' T., Coroll, 53, t. 489.— L., Gen., n. 159.— 
 Adans., Fcm. des PL, ii. 80. — J., Oen., 75. — 
 Gjeetn., Fruat., iii. 203, t. 216.— Lamk., Diet., 
 i. 689; Suppl., i. 186; III., t. 73.— A. Rich., 
 Monogr. des Eleeagnees, in Mem. Soc. Hist. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Nat. de Paris, i. 375-408, t. 24, 25.— Nbes, 
 Gen. Plant., fasc. 3, t. 18. — Spach, Suit, a 
 Bvffon, X. 454. — Endl., Gen., n. 2115.— 
 Meissst., in DC. Prodr., xiv. 608. 
 
 I I 
 
482 
 
 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 equal number of stamens alternating with the perianth-leaves and in- 
 serted a little below them ; each consists of a short filament and an 
 introrse two-celled anther of longitudinal dehiscence.' The gynseceum 
 IS free, with a one-celled ovary which tapers into a slender style, passing 
 through the narrow opening of the receptacular pouch, and traversed 
 by a longitudinal groove down the placentary edge. Near the top of 
 the style the edges of this groove are thickened, and turn outwards to 
 form two thick elongated lips covered with stigmatic papillse. In 
 the bottom of the ovary-cell is a subcentral placenta, whereon is in- 
 serted a nearly erect anatropous ovule, whose micropyle is turned 
 down next the placenta,' the thickened base of which often furnishes 
 it with an obturator. 
 
 Fia. 280. 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 of flower (f ). 
 
 Pia. 281. 
 Diagram. 
 
 Fig. 283. Fia. 284. 
 
 Longitudinal sec- Stone, 
 tion of fruit (f ). 
 
 After flowering the receptacle grows and forms a complete 
 indusium around the fruit, which is often long crowned by the 
 remains of the perianth and androceum (figs. 282, 283). The walls 
 of this indusium behave as in a true drupe. Its deep layers become 
 hard and woody, forming a sort of stone (fig. 284'). Outside of this 
 the tissues grow succulent as in a sarcocarp, and are covered exter- 
 nally by the membranous epidermis cloaked in peltate hairs. The 
 true fruit, lodged in this thick pouch, is an achene with a membra- 
 
 ' In IE. angmtifoUa the pollen-grains are tri- 
 angular, mucli flattened, with little papilla on 
 the angles. (H. Mohl, in Ann. So. Wat., s&. 2, 
 iii. 314.) 
 
 2 The ovule has two coats. When adult its 
 raphe is neither turned towards or away from the 
 placenta, but is well on one side (fig. 281). 
 
 2 It is formed of vertically elongated fibres 
 incrusted with woody matter. The internal 
 epidermis of the receptacle bears long cylindrical 
 hairs, which persist even after the fruit is ripe. 
 The stone is traversed aU the way down by 
 more or less regular grooves, separated by 
 rough projecting ribs. 
 
BL^AGNAGEM. 
 
 483 
 
 nous pericarp, surmounted by the remains of the style. It contains 
 a single seed, within whose very thin coats lies a large fleshy embryo, 
 almost or wholly exalbuminous, with its radicle inferior. 
 
 The genus Elcsagnus consists of trees or shrubs from Central Asia, 
 the South of Europe, and North America. All their organs are 
 covered with peltate hairs, scurfy or stellate. Their leaves are alter- 
 nate exstipulate simple entire. Their flowers are axillary, solitary 
 paired or grouped in little 3-flowered cymes or short leafy racemes. 
 Some twenty species are admitted.' 
 
 The genera Shepherdia^ and Hippophae (¥T.,Arc/oussier) complete this 
 series. The former (figs. 285-288), has dioecious flowers (figs. 287, 
 
 Shepherdia oanadensit. 
 
 Fia. 285. 
 Male flower (*). 
 
 Fi&. 286. 
 
 liongitadinal section 
 of male flower. 
 
 Fia. 287. 
 Female flower (*). 
 
 Fia. 288. 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 of female flower. 
 
 288), with a receptacular sac similar to that of Blceagnm, a four-leaved 
 perianth, and eight glands superposed in pairs to the sepals and 
 inserted in the throat. The gynseceum occupies the bottom of the 
 flower ; here too it becomes an achene around which the receptacle 
 forms a drupaceous indusium. The male flowers (figs. 285, 286), 
 have a much shallower cupuliform receptacle. On its edges are in- 
 serted eight free stamens, four superposed to the sepals, and four 
 alternate with them. Each has an introrse anther and a slender 
 filament inserted outside the circle of eight glands, which are as in 
 the female flower superposed to the calyx-lobes. Only two species 
 of Shepherdia^ are known, shrubs from North America with opposite 
 
 1 L., Speo., ed. 2, 176. — Thttnb., M. Jap., 
 66, t. 14.— PtTBSH, M. N. Amer., i. 114.— A. 
 ElCH., Mon.., 383, 404, t. 24..i-BiEB., Fl. Tcmr.- 
 Cauc, ii. 112. — Sibth., Fl. Grtsec. t. 152.— 
 EoxB., M. Ind., i. 460.— Bi,., Bijdr., 638.— 
 BiAuc, Fl. d. FiUpp., I4s. — Bbiohb., Icon., 
 t. 549.— RoYM, III. Simal. 323, t. 61.— 
 Wall, Cat,, n. 4031. — Champ., in Sook. 
 Jotim. (1853), 196. — Bbnth., loc. cit. — Gben. 
 & GODB., Fl. de Fr., iii. 69. 
 
 ' Ntttt., G-e%. of N. Amer. PI., ii. (1818), 
 2tO.— A. Rich., Mon., 389, 401, 402, t. 24, 
 fig. 3. — Spach, Smt. a Baffon, x. 457.— Endi,., 
 &en., n. 2113. — Meissn., Prodr., 607. 
 
 ' L., Spec, ed. 2, 1453 (Hippophae). — 
 PuESH, Fl. N. Amer., i. 115 {Hippophae). — 
 MiOHX., Fl. Bor.-Amer., ii. 227 {Hippophae). — 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., ii. 138, t. 178. — Loud.. 
 Fncycl. of Trees, 700, icon. 
 
 I I 2 
 
484 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 leaves, which only come out after the flowers. These last are 
 arranged in short racemes axillary to the scales or bracts borne at the 
 base of the young branches. 
 
 The Sallow-Thorns {Hippop/iae ;^ Fr., Argoussier) have also dioeci- 
 ous flowers (figs. 289-296). The perianth consists of two lobes, 
 
 Sippo^liae rhamnoides {Sea BucMIwrn). 
 
 Fia. 289. 
 
 Male flowering 
 branch. 
 
 Fia. 291. Pia. 292. 
 
 Female flower Longitudinal section 
 (magnified). of female flower. 
 
 Fl&. 293. 
 Fruiting tranch (J). 
 
 Fia. 290. 
 
 Fig. 294. 
 
 Fig. 295. 
 
 Fig. 296. 
 
 Longitudinal section of 
 male flower (f). 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 of induviate fruit. 
 
 Seed (f). 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 of seed. 
 
 which cohere up to a variable height. In the male flowers (fig. 290) 
 it bears four (or more rarely three) stamens with introrse anthers ;^ 
 
 • L., Gen., n. 1106. — Adass., Fam. des Fl., 
 ii. 80. — J., <?e»., 75. — G^eetn., Fruct., i. 199, 
 t. 42.— Lamk., Diet., i. 248 j III., t. 808. — A. 
 Rich., Mon., 387, 400, 402, t. 24, fig. 2.— Enbi,., 
 
 Oen. n. 2112. — Nees, Oen,., iii. u. 19. — Meissw., 
 Frodr., 607. 
 
 ^ Tiie pollen-grains are ovoidal, with three 
 folds. They become spherical in water, with 
 three narrow papillose bands (H. Mohl., loc. cit.). 
 
and in the female flowers it surrounds a gynseceum formed like that 
 of the Oleasters. The fruit, too, is an achene resembling that of 
 Shepkerdia or Blceagnus, with the persisting accrescent lower part of 
 the perianth forming a drupaceous indusium." The two known 
 species^ of this genus inhabit Europe and Middle Asia ; they are 
 shrubs with alternate leaves and sessile solitary flowers axillary to 
 the lower appendages of the young branches, which, as in the last 
 genus, expand at the end of the winter before the leaves are full- 
 grown. 
 
 JI. AEXTOXICON SEEIES. 
 
 Aextowicon^ has dioecious flowers. The ill developed receptacle 
 bears an imbricated perianth, internal to which is an androceum 
 with a rudimentary gynfeceum in the males, a pistil surrounded by 
 a sterile androceum in the females. The perianth consists of a 
 somewhat variable number of leaves, modifled as follows from 
 without inwards. Outside is a rather coriaceous sac covered with 
 peltate hairs, globular in the bud, and bursting irregularly and falling 
 off" on anthesis.* Next come flve* imbricate^ glabrous concave rounded 
 scarious leaves, with their ribs radiating like a fan.' Quite inside, 
 alternating with these last come five others,^ much longer, narrower, 
 petaloid, tapering at the base, traversed by a thick fleshy mid- 
 rib and unequally rounded at the apex, which is imbricated 
 and crumpled in aestivation. The androceum usually consists of 
 
 1 The inner layer of this indusium is not thick- Hook., Icon., i. t. 12.— Enbl., Qem., n. 5881.— 
 ened as in Maagnus ; it forms a sort of sac, the Benth., in Soolc. Journ. (1854), 372.— H. Bn., 
 whole of whose inside is covered with hairs, M. Gen. da Or-, des EwpJwrUae., 660, t. 27, 
 especially copious above. The withered style fig. 26-33.— Schmohti,., in DC. Frodr., xiv. 
 often protrudes through the mouth of this sac. 616.— A. DC, Pro*-., xvi. GM).—.^gotoxi(mm 
 The pericarp is glabrous thin translucent, appa- DcsB., in Sull.Soc. Sot. v. (1858), 214; in 
 rently homogeneous, except down two vertical Ann. So. Nat, ser. 4, ix. 279. 
 
 lines which are rather thickened and contain ^ This has been described as an involucre; 
 
 much vascular tissue. The seed is not quite free some authors, perhaps rightly, suppose it an 
 
 from albumen, though it is only around the radi- outer perianth-leaf, more developed than the 
 
 cle that it deserves to be so called. It is there rest ; on anthesis it pretty frequently tears into 
 
 white and fleshy, but higher up it only forms two unequal parts, 
 a membrane accessory to the true seed-coats. ' More rarely four or six. 
 
 2 L., Spec., ed. 2, 1452.— Sohktjhb, Sandh., « Often quincuncial. , ,, ^ 
 
 iii. 463 t. 321.— SCOE., Fl. Oarniol, ii. 261 ^ They pretty commonly tear at the edges, in 
 
 ■ ^.•■»™j.— Ledbb., J'«.JJois.,iii.552.-RBiOHB., the intervals between the ribs. They usually 
 
 Icon., t. 549, fig. 1165. — DoK., Frodr. Fl. fall early, with the involucre. . ^, . . 
 
 Nepal, 6S.—-RoyI^, III, 323.-h0VJ>..I!nct/cl., « More rarely six, or four in the female 
 
 699.— Gben. & GoDE., Fl. de Fr., iii. 69. flowers 
 
 s U. & Pav., Frodr., Fl. Fer., 131, t. "" 
 
486 
 
 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Aexioxicon pimctatmn. 
 
 five stamens' alternating with these latter leaves, each consisting of 
 a thick incurved filament and an introrse two-celled basifixed anther 
 of longitudinal dehiscence. Alternating with these stamens are five 
 pairs of thick glands, the glands of each pair approximated' to form a 
 crescent with its concavity outwards ; they sur- 
 round a little depression which lodges a short 
 abortive gynseceum. In the female flowets the 
 perianth is nearly the same as in the males, 
 except that the number of its leaves is more 
 variable. The stamens and the glands accom- 
 panying them are arranged as in the male 
 flower, but the former are sterile, having no 
 anther, or only a rudiment at the top of the 
 filament. The gynseceum here consists of a 
 free ovary, covered with peltate scales and sur- 
 mounted by a narrow style, at first inflexed, and divided above into 
 two little stigmatiferous lobes. In the ovary-cell is seen a parietal 
 placenta, bearing nearly at its top two collateral descending ana- 
 tropous ovules,' whose micropyles, capped by their obturators,^ turn 
 up under the hilum towards the placenta (fig. 297). The fruit is a 
 naked drupe, but its mesocarp is not thick. The seed-coats enclose 
 a fleshy albumen and an embryo with foliaceous cotyledons and a 
 cylindrical superior radicle. Only one species of this genus is 
 known,* a Chilian tree, with alternate opposite or subverticiUate 
 leaves, simple entire petiolate and exstipulate, and covered like most 
 of the organs with scurfy peltate hairs, The flowers form racemes, 
 simple or more rarely ramified, and solitary or few together in the 
 axils of the leaves. 
 
 Fia. 297. 
 Gynseceum opened (^^ )• 
 
 Adanson in 1763 established the family Elmagnif he placed it 
 next to Aristolochiacece, and made it comprise not only Elceagnus 
 and Ilippophae, but several Santalaceee, Tupelo (Nyssd), Cynomorium 
 
 ■ 6 or 7 (Dbcne.). 
 
 ' There are probably ten glands at first, one 
 on either side of each staminal filament j but 
 usually the two adjacent ones, touching in the 
 interspace between two stamens, stick or unite 
 together to a variable extent. They are often 
 smaller and more distinct in the female flowers. 
 
 ' With two coats. 
 
 * Decaisne has contested the existence of this 
 organ. It is applied to the top of the micro- 
 
 pyle, and receives into a superficial groove on 
 each side near its lower edge an acute bowed 
 rather long prolongation of the nucleus (or 
 perhaps of the embryo-sac), which gives the idea 
 that the obturator plays an important part in 
 fecundation. 
 
 ^ ^. punctatum K. & Pat., loc. cit. — C. Gay, 
 M. ChiL, V. 348. 
 
 * Fam. des Fl., ii. 77, Fam. xii. 
 
BLMAQNAOB^. 487 
 
 and some Combretaceos. A. L. de Jussieu,' in 1789, only followed 
 Adanson, adding to his order Mceagnaceee {Chalefs) Quinehamalium 
 and Colpoon, which are also 8antalacece. A. Richard reduced this 
 order to its present limits in 1823, in a special Monograph,^ wherein 
 he describes, besides Elaagnus Shepherdia and Hippophae, the plant 
 Conuleum, which, as we have seen,' is a Monimiad of the genus 
 8iparuna. However, De Schlechtendal, reversing the order 
 El<saffnace(B* for the Prodromus,' retained the genus Conuleum, and 
 added as doubtful genera Octarillum of Loureiro," and Aeastoxicon of 
 Euiz and Pavon.' This little order has since remained unaltered ; 
 it contains some thirty species, of which five-sixths belong to 
 Mceagnus. This genus inhabits the temperate regions of Europe, 
 Asia, and North America. Shepherdia is peculiar to America; 
 Hippophae to the Old World ; each genus contains two species. 
 
 All the Mceagnaeem are arborescent or frutescent f all have their 
 organs covered with peltate or stellate scurfy hairs, often silvery or 
 scurfy ; all have exstipulate leaves, naked leaf-buds, smaU incon- 
 spicuous flowers, possessing one or two whorls of stamens with 
 introrse anthers, and a single carpel with anatropous ovules. Of 
 the variable characters we consider some of primary importance, and 
 have used them to divide this group into two series, whereof one 
 is only a doubtful member of the order.' This is Aextoxiceee, 
 wherein the floral receptacle is scarcely concave, the ovary contains 
 two collateral descending ovules, and the perianth is triple.'" The 
 ElceagnecB have on the contrary a sacciform receptacle which persists 
 around the fruit, to which it forms a fleshy, often drupaceous indu- 
 sium ; their perianth is simple, and their ovule is solitary, suberect. 
 The other varying characters are best fitted for generic distinction. 
 The leaves are opposite in Shepherdia, alternate in Hippophae and 
 Eleeagnus ; the flowers are hermaphrodite in most species of the 
 latter genus, dioecious in the former two. The perianth may consist 
 
 ' O-en., 74, Ord. i. to como near ^laagrms ; but tbe structure of its 
 
 ^ In Mem. de la Soe. d'Sist. Nat. de Paris, ovary is quite unknown to us. The seed is de- 
 
 i. 375-408, t. 24, 25. ^ Vol. i. 305. scribed as arillate (?). 
 
 " Limi., Introd., ed. 2, 194 ; Veg. Kingd., 1 Prodr., 131 (1797). 
 
 257. — MlceagnecB K. Be., Prodr., 350. — EndI;., ' Tlie branches often taper into spines bearing 
 
 Q-en., 333, Ord. oxi. — Mceagnidece Dttmobt., only rudimentary leaves, or leafless. 
 Anal, 15, 18. * XIV., 606-616. ^ Aexfoxioon has been referred to the doubtful 
 
 « M. CocUnch., 113.— Endi., Gen., n. 2083. HuphorbiaoecB by Enbmchee, to lUcinea: by 
 
 — SCHMHTL., Prodr., 615. By its tubular te- MiebS, to MonimiaceiB by Decaisne. A. ns 
 
 tramerous perianth, its four stamens, and its Candoilb {Prod/r., xvi. 64.1) accepts none of 
 
 simple gynseceum, the place of this genus appears these affinities. '" See p. 485, note 4. 
 
488 NATURAL SISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 of four parts or more, while in Hippophae it is an elongated sac, 
 dividing into two parts above. The androceum forms a single ver- 
 ticil, except in Shepherdia, where there are two. The seeds usually 
 have no albumen, but we have seen this represented in ITippophae 
 and certain Oleasters by a slight fleshy layer around the lower part 
 of the embryo. 
 
 The normally single carpeP in Elmagnacem brings them near 
 Lauracece. All authors have admitted the close alliance of these 
 two orders. Fully adopting this view ourselves, we need not dwell 
 on the relations of Mmagnacem with Proteacea, Thymelacece, Myris- 
 ticacem, &c. We think moreover that as Lauracees represent the uni- 
 carpellary type of Monimiacece with descending ovules, Mteagnacece 
 represent the Monimiacea with ascending ovules. And moreover, 
 as in some Monimiads the stamens dehisce by clefts, in others by 
 valves, Mceagnacem will be analogous to the former, Lauracece to the 
 latter. 
 
 This order contains few useful members,' Several are ornamental 
 owing to the more or less brilliant silvery gleam of their leaves. 
 The following species are cultivated in our gardens and parks : 
 Elceagnus Jiortensis, argentea, arhorea, ferruginea, latifolia, the 
 Shepherdias, and Hippophae rJiamnoides. This latter tree, planted on 
 the dunes of the coast, fixes the sand and protects the growth of 
 lowlier plants. Its wood is sometimes used, as is that of some 
 Oleasters. The species with sharp spines serve for making impene- 
 trable fences. The bark, leaf-buds, and leaves of several species 
 contain astringent matters. Hence they are used as tonic, febrifugal, 
 and antirheumatic medicines. The Sea-Buckthorn in the North of 
 Europe, the Bohemian Olive {Olivier de Boheme) in the East, and 
 the Shepherdias in America, are prized for these purposes. The 
 generic name of Aecctowicum punctatuvv' indicates its venomous proper- 
 ties. A poisonous matter has also been found in the fruits of 
 Hippophae* or rather in the fleshy part of the indusium, which are 
 
 ' Occasional flowers have teen seen with more et scspe diclmam constituentes." LlHDl/EY 
 
 than one carpel. ffiDEB mentions one of Mippo- places this order next after Myricacece in his 
 
 phae with two pistils. "In florilus forsan man- alliance Amentales. 
 
 strosis, at in eodem sped/mine numerosissimis '^ Endl., Unchirid., 212. — LlNDL., Veg. 
 
 Hippophaes carpella vidi 2-4," J. G. A&aedh Kingd., 257. — Eosemth,, Syn. PI. Diaphor., 
 
 {Theor. Syst. PI., Ill), The same author s^ys 243, 1113. 
 
 of the affinities of Mlceagnaceee, " Sunt Micran- ^ 4.cetv,niUo, OUvillo, Teche, Palo miierto of 
 
 theis fere collaterales, Rhamneis a^ffmitate the Chilians. 
 proximce, harum formam inferiorem apetalam ^ Sahta&., in CJiem, Gat. (1844), 121. 
 
EL^AGNACE^. 489 
 
 however eaten by the birds in the winter ; and they are rendered 
 harmless to man by cooking, which removes the deleterious prin- 
 ciple.' The pulpy layer of the indusium is sweet and subacid in the 
 Oleasters ; thus an edible fruit is afforded by K orientalis' ferru- 
 ginea^ argentea^ macrophylla^ pungens^ conferta^ salicifolia^ arborea* 
 &c. &c. Those of E. hortensis^" come very near jujubes in taste. 
 E. argentifolia has apple-scented flowers, whose perfume is so strong 
 as to be sometimes oppressive. The flowers of this species and some 
 others, produce large quantities of nectar, which has occasionally 
 been collected for use in malignant fevers. A yellow dye is extracted 
 from the fruit, and a brown colouring matter from the stem of 
 Hippophae rhamnoides. 
 
 They contain malic acid, like those of ^Ice- mutata Beenh., in Thar. AUg. Gartenzeit, ii. 
 
 agrms. 95 (ex Mbissn., Frodr., u. 1). 
 
 ' They are nsed in Finland for making fish- ' Thtjnb., Fl. Ja/p., 67. — Fon Oommi 
 
 sauce, &c. EiBMPF., Amom,., 789. 
 
 ^ L., Mantiss., 41. Several authors make ^ Thtjnb., op. cit., 68. — Axin Oommi 
 
 this only a variety of IE. hortensis Bieb. (Fl. 'Kmuv'S., loo. cit. 
 
 Taw.-Cauc, ii. 112). The Bohemian Olive- ' RoxB., Fl. Ind., i. 460.— G%ara of the 
 
 tree (F. angustifolia L., Spec, ed. 2, i. 276) is Bengalese. 
 
 made another variety with narrow leaves (see * Lottd., Fncycl. 697. 
 
 Meissn., Prodr., 609, n. 2). ' EoXB., op. cit., 461. — Sheashong of Nepil. 
 
 * A. Rich., Mon., 387, 404. '" Like those of JB. hortensis, they are termed 
 
 * PuBSH, Fl. Amer. Sept., i. 114. — F. com- Zinzeyd in Persia. 
 
490 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 I. EL^AGNE^. 
 
 1. Elseagnus T. — Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or more rarely 
 polygamous ; receptacle cylindro-campanulate or tubular ; perianth 
 4- or more rarely 5-8-merous, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5-8, alter- 
 nating with and inserted below perianth-leaves ; filaments short free, 
 or nearly absent ; anthers dorsifixed 2-celled introrse 2-rimose. Disk 
 glandular, of variable form, inserted in throat of receptacle. Germen 
 free, inserted in and included by bottom of receptacle ; style simple, 
 passing out through narrow mouth of receptacle, longitudinally 
 furrowed ; apex straight curved or circinate, laterally stigmatiferous; 
 ovule 1, ascending anatropous ; micropyle inferior. Fruit enveloped in 
 persistent accrescent drupaceous receptacle ; pericarp dry thin inde- 
 hiscent ; seed erect ; embryo fleshy ; albumen small or ; radicle short 
 inferior. — Trees or shrubs, covered in almost every part with scurfy 
 or stellate hairs ; twigs often spinescent ; leaves alternate petiolate 
 entire exstipulate ; flowers axillary pedicellate, solitary or in few- 
 flowered cymes, more rarely in short axillary leafy racemes {North 
 America, southern Europe, temperate and southern Asia). See p. 481. 
 
 2. Shepherdia Nutt. — Flowers dioecious; receptacle in male 
 slightly concave, in female tubular-cupuliform. Perianth 4-merous, 
 valvate. Stamens, in female flower ; in male 8, 4 superposed to, 
 4 alternate with perianth-leaves ; filaments very short ; anthers in- 
 trorse 2-rimose. Glands 8, in male alternate with stamens, in female 
 inserted in throat of receptacle. Germen, in male ; in female 
 inserted in bottom of receptacle, free ; germen and ovule of Elceag- 
 nus; style elongated acute, laterally stigmatiferous at apex. Fruit 
 dry 1 -seeded, enveloped in drupaceous receptacle. — Small trees or 
 shrubs, scurfy sometimes spinescent ; leaves opposite ; flowers pre- 
 cocious, forming small racemes at base of short lateral twigs ; male 
 flowers pedicellate in axils of bracts ; females in axils of opposite 
 leaves {North America). See p. 483. 
 
HLMAQNAGB^. 491 
 
 3. Hippophae T. — Flowers dicecious ; perianth 2-meroiis. Sta- 
 mens, in female 0, in male 4 or more rarely 3 ; filaments short ; 
 anthers introrse 2-rimose. Eeeeptacle in female flower very concave, 
 tuhular. Germen free, included in receptacle ; style exserted at 
 apex, laterally stigmatiferous along much of its length ; ovule 1 (of 
 MtBagnus). Fruit dry, enveloped in accrescent succulent receptacle ; 
 seed 1 (of JElcBagmis). — Small trees or shrubs, scurfy, usually 
 spinescent; leaves alternate; flowers precocious, at base of short 
 lateral twigs simulating catkins ; males sessile in axils of deciduous 
 bracts ; females solitary pedicellate, in axils of leaves [Europe, tem- 
 jperate parts of Asia). See p. 484. 
 
 II. aextoxicej:. 
 
 4. Aextoxicon E. & Pa v. — Flowers dioecious ; receptacle short, 
 almost imperceptibly concave. Perianth triple ; outermost whorl 
 subglobose in the bud, thickly scurfy, unevenly broken at apex, 
 finally caducous as a 2-fid lid ; middle whorl consisting of 5 (or more 
 rarely 4, 6), rotundate concave imbricated deciduous leaves ; leaves 
 of innermost whorl 5 (or 4, 6), long subspathulate, crispato-crenate 
 at apex, long narrow and intersected by a somewhat prominent sub- 
 carnose rib at base, persistent to a rather late period. Stamens 5 
 (" or 4, 6") alternipetalous ; filaments free ; anthers, in female or 
 rudimentary sterile ; in male 3-celled introrse rimose. Grlands 10, 
 inserted laterally at base of filaments, free or connate to a variable 
 height. Grermen, in male minute ; in female conical with depressed 
 vertex, ovoid, densely scurfy ; style short linear, curved in bud, 
 stigmatiferous at apex, 2-fid ; ovules 2, collateral descending ; micro- 
 pyle introrse superior obturated. Fruit bare subdrupaceous inde- 
 hiscent, usually 1 -seeded, seed descending albuminous; radicle 
 cylindrical superior ; cotyledons ovate appressed. — A scurfy tree ; 
 leaves persistent, alternate opposite or ternate, entire petiolate exsti- 
 pulate; flowers in axillary usually simple racemes [Chili). See 
 p. 485. 
 
XII. MYRISTICACE^. 
 
 This small order consists of the single genus Myristica) or Nutmeg- 
 tree (Fj:.,Muscadier), of which wemay take M.fragrans^ (figs. 298-306) 
 as a type. Its flowers are regular and dioecious. The males (figs. 299- 
 301) consist of only a simple perianth and an androceum inserted on 
 
 Myristica fragrans. 
 
 Fio. 298. — Fructiferous branch Q). 
 
 a little convex receptacle. The perianth is a fleshy gam osepalous calyx, 
 dividing above into three thick valvate teeth. Above this the recep- 
 tacle is prolonged into a column with a dilated base, bearing a score 
 of vertical linear extrorse anther-cells, each dehiscing by a longitudinal 
 cleft^ all the way down. Here there is no trace of female organs ; so 
 
 ' L., &en., n. 1399.— Thitnb., in Act. Solm. 
 (1782), 45 ; Dissert. (1788).— Adans., Fam. des 
 PI., ii. 345.— J., Gen., 81. — G^eetn., Fruct., i. 
 194, t. 41. — Lamk., in Sist. Acad. Sc. Ann., 
 1788 (1791), 152, t. 5-7 ; Diet., iv. 383 ; 
 Suppl., iv. 34 J III., t. 832, 833.— Endl., Qen., 
 
 r.. 4706. A. DC, in Ann. 8c. Nat., ser. 4, iv. 
 
 20; Prodr., xiv. 189.— H. Bn., in Adansonia, 
 
 vi.'i77. Komakon Theoih. (ex Adans., loc. 
 
 gii_y — Moschokaruon Diosoob. 
 
 2 HouTT., mst. Nat., ii. p. iii. 233 (1774). 
 — Bli., in Bumphia, 180, t. 55. — M. officinalis 
 L. MI.., Suppl., 265. — GiEETN., loc. cif., t. 41. — 
 M. moschata Thunb., in Act. IColm., loc. cit.; 
 Dissert. (1788). — M. aromatica Lamk.^ loc. cit., 
 155, t. 5-7. — N-ux Myristica, Pala Rttmph., 
 Serb. Arnboin., ii. 14, t. 4. 
 
 •'' Pollen spherical {M. fragrans, diospyri- 
 folia) or spherical-trigonous (M. sebifera, Otoba) 
 A. DC. Prodr., 187. 
 
MYBI8TI0AGH2E. 
 
 493 
 
 also, the female flowers only possess a gynseceum within the perianth 
 (figs. 302, 303). This is gamosepalous in the females, with three 
 valvate teeth reflexed on anthesis ; it is a little better developed 
 than in the males. The gynseceum is free superior, formed of a 
 conical ovary, tapering above and traversed by a longitudinal groove 
 down the placentary edge. The two lips of this groove become 
 thickened towards the top, and are everted and covered with stig- 
 matic papillae. The ovary contains only a single cell, with a sub- 
 
 Myristica fragrans. 
 
 Pia. 299. Fio. 300. Pia. 301. Fia. 302. 
 
 Male flower, Male flower, Longitudinal sec- Female flower (^). 
 
 perianth re- Diagram. tion of male 
 
 moved (f). flower (f). 
 
 Fia. 303. 
 
 Longitudinal section 
 
 of female flower. 
 
 basilar placenta bearing a solitary suberect anatropous ovule ; the 
 micropyle looks downwards, away from the grooved side of the 
 ovary.' The fruit (fig. 298) is a berry often pear-shaped, opening 
 lengthwise when ripe,^ to free a large ascending seed. This is sur- 
 rounded by a fleshy coloured aril, more or less laciniate and rising 
 to a variable distance between the pericarp and seed, well known 
 under the name of mace (Fr,, «^am ; figs. 305, 306^). The seed-coats 
 
 ' It has two coats. The nucleus is imme- 
 diately enveloped in a bottle-shaped secundine 
 with a thick neck traversed by a slender canal ; 
 its truncate mouth does not protrude through 
 the exostome. This last, placed some way 
 above the hilum, is circular or elliptical, with 
 thin edges (see Adansonia, v. 178). 
 
 ^ It opens from above downwards, along the 
 dorsal and ventral sutures, so that it finally 
 forms two distinct valves. 
 
 ^ The much discussed nature and origin of 
 this aril have been the subject of many works ; 
 
 it is one of the most contested points in botany. 
 The older botanists confined themselves to 
 stating that mace was an arillary product of 
 the nutmeg-seed. It was Pianchon who, in 
 1844, in his Memoire sur les vrais et faux 
 arilles (33), modified the hitherto received 
 opinions on the subject, and placed mace in his 
 category of false arils ; a view which he has re- 
 cently reproduced (in Akm. So. Nat., ser. 4, 
 V. 4), and which has been fully adopted by 
 A. Db Cattdolib (in Aim. So. Nat., ser. 4, iv. 
 20). Dbcaisnb & Lemaout {Trait. Qin. de 
 
494 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
 
 are thick and hard; they enclose a deeply ruminated albumen 
 (fig. 306), containing the embryo in a little cavity near the micro- 
 pyle. The radicle is inferior, short and conical ; the cotyledons are 
 diverging and undulate. M. fragram is a tree from the Moluccas, 
 with all its parts aromatic. The leaves are alternate simple entire 
 petiolate exstipulate. Its flowers are in false racemes,' few-flowered, 
 axillary or supra-axillary and pedunculate. Each pedicel has a 
 caducous bract at its base, and bears at a variable height, usually 
 close under the flower, another caducous bract alternating with the 
 two anterior perianth-leaves. 
 
 Myristioa fragrans. 
 
 Fia. 305. 
 Seed. 
 
 Pia. 304. 
 Female flower, diagram. 
 
 Fia. 306. 
 Longitudinal section of e 
 
 The other members of the section Eumyristica have all the same 
 general organization, with from eight to thirty anthers. In Virola^ 
 which was formerly made a distinct genus, there are usually only as 
 many stamens as there are perianth-leaves, with which they alter- 
 nate. This too is the case with the section Otoha f but the anthers 
 
 Bot., 380), hold the -view diametrically opposed 
 to this, saying that they "have preferred to 
 retain the name of aril for this," because, " in 
 the examination of two ovules, we thought we 
 were ahle to remark that this organ rises more 
 from the base of the ovule than from the 
 exostome, as asserted by A. de Candolle and 
 PliANOHON." However, we had shown more 
 than three years before that the aril is a 
 thickening which, arising on the right and the 
 left of the base of the ovule, reaches horizontally 
 back to the hilum, and gradually extends on 
 either side to the exostome j so that the hypo- 
 thesis of J. HooKEB & Thomsok i^l. Ind., i. 
 154), according to which the mace is of mixed 
 nature — both arillode and true aril — is the only 
 
 one that comes near the truth. It is an aril 
 produced by both hilum and micropyle. 
 
 ' The female inflorescences of M. fragrcms a,ve 
 rather comparable to cymes. In the 3-flowered 
 ones, for instance, we may observe this. One 
 flower is central, older, and on a longer pedicel 
 than the others. Where its pedicel separates 
 from the common peduncle of the inflorescence 
 there are two bracts, situated near one another 
 and ,on the same side ; each of these has a 
 younger pedicellate flower in its axil. 
 
 2 Attbi., Guian., 904, t. 345. — A. DC, 
 ProAr., 194 {Myristicm, sect. iii.). — Sehophora 
 Neck., Elem., 907. 
 
 *A. DC, in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 4, iv. 30; 
 Prodr., 198 (sect. v.). 
 
MYBISTIOAOB^. 
 
 495 
 
 MyriHica {Knema) corticosa. 
 
 are nearly free instead of united. In Compsonevrd' there are six, 
 erect and verticillate. In Irya," the central part of the androceum 
 is pear-shaped, with a concave summit surrounded by a circle of 
 short anthers, attached around its outer edge. In the male flowers 
 of M. corticosa^ (figs. 307, 308), for- 
 merly made the type of a genus 
 Knema* the perianth leaves are 
 thick, and bevelled into a wedge 
 shape internally ; and the andro- 
 ceum, very short in proportion, forms 
 a little column dilated above into a 
 prominent, flattened or concave 
 head. From the edge of this head 
 diverge short rays, each bearing 
 a short oval or rounded anther, 
 whose two cells open by longitudinal 
 
 slits looking downwards and outwards. Finally in Fyrrhosa^ also 
 raised to generic rank by some, the androceum consists of a little 
 ovoid or obovoid elongated mass, the whole of whose surface is 
 divided into a variable number of divisions, each of which is a linear 
 anther, sometimes of extreme delicacy. 
 
 Thus constituted* the genus Myristica contains about eighty 
 species," aU arborescent or frutescent, with alternate, often distichous 
 penniveined leaves. All have axillary or supra-axillary inflores- 
 cences, sometimes simple sometimes much ramified and formed, 
 especially in the male flowers, of a very large number of flowers. 
 
 Fia. 307. 
 Male flower (i). 
 
 FiO. 308. 
 Androceum (Y')- 
 
 ' A. DC, Proij-., 199 (sect. vi.). 
 
 ' HooE. p. & Thoms., M. Ind., i, 159. — Bl., 
 SampMa, i. 190 (Fi/rrhosa). — A. D€;, Frodr., 
 202 (sect. xi.). 
 
 ' Hook. y. & Thoms., loc. cit., 158. — A. DC, 
 Prodr., n. 70. — M. globularis Lamk., in Mem. 
 Ac. Sc. Far. (1788), 162. — M. glcmca Bl,., 
 Fijdr., 576. — if. sumatrana Bi., Sumphia, i. 
 187. — M. cmgustifolia EoXB., Fl. Ind., iii. 
 847. — M. glaucescens Hook. p. & Thoms., loc. 
 eit,, 157. — Knema corticosa LoFE., Fl. Co- 
 cJimch., 14:2. — K. glaucescens Jack., Mai. 
 Misc. ; in HooJc. Convp. Bat. Mag., i. 149. 
 
 ■* LouE., Fl. Cochinch., 742. — Bi., Mvmphia, 
 i. 187, t. 60, 61.— Endi., Qen., u. 4707.— A. 
 DC, Frodr., 204 (sect. xiii.). 
 
 » Bi., FmifUa, i. 190, t. 62, 63. — Hook. p. 
 
 & Thoms., Fl. Ind., i. 160.— A. DC, Prodr. 
 202 (sect. xii.). 
 
 * To the preceding sections A. de Candollb 
 has added four others : Caloneura {Frodr., 192) j 
 Horsfieldia (W.), nee Bi., nee. Beiw. (Prod^., 
 200) ; Dictyonewa {Prodr., 201) ; Iryanthera 
 {Frodr., 201). 
 
 ' PoiE., Blot., Suppl., iv. 35. — Sw., Fl. Ind. 
 Ooc, 1129.— Bl., Pijdr., 575; Fwmphia, 180. 
 — SOHOTT., in Sprang. Syst., App., 409. — 
 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, ii. 156.— R. Be., 
 Frodr. 2f. Soil, 400. — Maet., Seise, ii. 543. — 
 Bianco, Fl. d. Filipp., 664. — Eoxb., Fl. Ind., 
 iii. 847. — Benth., in Book. Jowm. (1853), 3. — 
 Bbntf. & F. MUEII., Fl. Austr., v. 281. — 
 Hook. p. & Thoms., Fl. Ind,, i. 156. — Miq., 
 Fl. Jungh., 171. — A. DC, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 
 4, iv. 29. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, viii. 79..— 
 Walp., Ann., iv. 80 ; v. 743. 
 
496 NATUBAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 Some species are glabrous, others are covered with stellate or mal- 
 pighiaceous. Many are aromatic, with their vegetative organs 
 spriniled with pellucid dots or reservoirs of essential oil. All the 
 species are tropical, some are American, the rest from Asia, Africa, 
 and Oceania. 
 
 It has often been attempted to tack on the little order formed 
 by the single genus Myristica to some larger group. It has, in 
 fact, many affinities ; first with Proteacece and Lauracem, as Egbert 
 Brown remarked, and then with Monimiaceee, Anonacem, Menisper- 
 maceee, and Lardizabalacece. In the two former orders we find 
 aromatic plants, and often dioecious flowers ; in the two latter, as 
 in AnonacecB, the flowers are commonly trimerous. The albumen 
 is often ruminate in the Menispermaceee, always in Anonacece, in 
 which order, moreover, the seed is often arillate, as in Myristica. 
 It is very possible that some day an intermediate type may be 
 found linking Myristica with some one or other of these orders, 
 which shall throw more light on their affinities with it.' In the 
 meantime, Myristicacees is well defined by the structure of the 
 androceum, the enormous development of the aril the very 
 marked rumination of the albumen, the form of the small embryo, 
 and above aU, by the single perianth with its three thick fleshy 
 axillary valvate divisions. The Lardizabalacea possessing a mona- 
 delphous androceum, however, afford a transition between the 
 MyristicacecB with a coherent androceum and the true Berleridce, 
 which, Uke them have a single carpel ; and the dehiscent, though 
 fleshy, pericarp of this order is found in Holbcellia, Akebia, &c. 
 Whatever be the reasons that led Jussieu^ to place the Nutmegs in 
 the LauracecB, and Adanson' to class them with Anacardiaceoe 
 (^PistacMers)* we are compelled for the present to follow E. Brown, 
 who, in 1810, established the distinct order Myristicacece^ 
 
 Most of the plants of this genus^ are useful for their spicy aro- 
 
 • Myristica is said occasionally to possess two naceis affinitate proximiB, formam eamm consii- 
 carpels instead of one (Bl., Mmwghia, i. 179). ttientes inferiorem,floribus diclinilus monochla- 
 
 2 Qen. (1789), 81, 448. mydeis potissimvm distinetam." 
 
 3 Fam. des PL, ii. 345 {Comacum). ^ Prodr. Nov. Soil., 86.— Endi., O-en., 829. 
 
 * Ebichenbach (Coasp., 86) even made them Myristicacea Hoban., Prim. Lin., 61. Liroi,. 
 
 Aristolochiads. J. G. AftAHDH {Theor. Syst. Veg. Kingd., 301 (part.). —A. DC, Prodr'., 
 
 Plant., 126) considers them : " Schizandraceis et 186. 
 
 Visoaceis evohdione fiorvm fere aaaloga, Ano- " Emdl., Unchirid., 419. — Lindl., op. Sit., 
 
MYBISTIOAOE^. 
 
 497 
 
 matic fruits, all the parts of which are rich in odoriferous matters ; 
 but the fleshy pericarp, which easily spoils, is removed from them 
 for exportation. The common Nutmeg of commerce, produced by 
 M. fragrans^ is the seed freed from its aril and coats — i.e., the 
 albumen, containing the small embryo near one end. The Nutmeg- 
 tree {Muscadier) introduced into all warm countries, also supplies 
 Mace, the arU, and the oils known as essence, balsam, and butter 
 of nutmeg {essence, haume, beurre de muscade), extracted by pressure 
 from both aril and albumen. These different products are used as 
 perfiimes, condiments, and stimulating drugs.^ The same properties 
 are found in varying degrees in many other species, notably in the 
 fruits of M. succedanea Bl.,' of Timor, fatua Houtt.* or Mantles of 
 the Indian Archipelago, malaharica Lamk.,^ HorsJieMia Bl.,° of Java, 
 spuria Bl., of the Philippines, tingens Bl.,' of Amboyna, Aruana 
 HouTT.,^ of the Moluccas, and other Indian species, such as M. 
 amygdalina Wall.,' corticosa Hook. & Thoms.,'" Irya Gt^btn." 
 America has similar aromatic species, M. surinamensis Eoland.," 
 sebifera Aubl.," officinalis Mark.," Otoia BE. B.," Bicuhyha Schott." 
 
 302. — EosBNTH., Syn. PI. Biaphor., 586, 
 1140. 
 
 ' See p. 492, notes 1, 2, fig. 298 j 493, 494, 
 figs. 299-306.— GtriB., Brog. Simpl., 6d. 6, u. 
 415. — Peebiba, Ulem. Mat. Med., ed. 4, ii. 
 p. i. 470.— LiKDt., Fl. Med., 21. 
 
 * They have been indiscriminately praised as 
 tonics, stomachics, antiperiodics, and antlputres- 
 cents. Nutmeg enters into the elixirs diaphcenix 
 and de gams, earn de Melisse, de Carmes, the- 
 riaca, the carminative spirit of Sylvius, vinaigre 
 des quatre voleurs, &c. 
 
 ^ BumpMa, 186, in adnot. — Meissn., Prodr., 
 189, n. 3. 
 
 * Nat. Mist., ii. p. iii. 337 (nee Sw.) — 
 A. DC, Prodr., n. 2. — Wux Myriitica mascula 
 Club., Bxot., i. 14. — M. macropkylla Roxb. — 
 M. dactyloides G^etn., Fmct. i. 195, t. 41 
 (part.). — Wild or male nutmeg of the Moluccas. 
 
 * In Act. Acad. Par. (1788), 162.— A. DC, 
 Prodr., n. 25. — Palam palaca Rheed., Sort. 
 Malab., 4, t. 5 ? 
 
 « Bijdr., til (nee Waii,.).— A. DC, Prodr., 
 n. 51. — M. Iryaghedhi G^etn., Fruct., i. 196, 
 t. 41, fig. 4. — Borsfieldia odorata W., Spec, 
 iv. 872. — Pyrrhoaa Horsfieldii Wight., Icon., 
 1. 1857. 
 
 ' Rwmphia, i. 190. — A. DC, Prodr., n. 84. — 
 Pala tingens RuMPH., Herb. Amioin., ii. 27, 
 t. 7. This species is also supposed (Rosenth., 
 op. cit., 588) to yield a kind of dragon's blood j 
 which leads one to think that it is analogous, if 
 
 VOL. II, 
 
 not identical, with the Dungaai (see next page, 
 note 6). 
 
 ^ Rosenth., op. cit., 1140. — Bi:, UvmpMa, i. 
 191. — Palala-antama Rumph., Meri. Amboin., 
 56, t, 24, fig. 3. 
 
 » Pl.Asiai. Mar., i.t.90.— A. DC.,P»-o<fr.,n.62. 
 
 10 See p. 495, note 3, figs. 307, 308. 
 
 " Fniet., i. 195, t. 41.— DC, Prodr., n. 54.— 
 M.jaioanica Bl., Bijdr., 576. — M. sphcerocarpa 
 Walk., Phan. Mar., i. t. 89. The aril is orange- 
 coloured and aromatic; the albumen has not 
 much scent. 
 
 '2 In Act. Mafn., 281-302.— A. DC, Prodr., 
 n. 37. — M. fatua Sw., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Oec., 96 
 (nee HoTTTT.). 
 
 " Sw., Fl. Ind. Oec, 1129. — Benth., in 
 Eoolc. Jovm. (1853), 5.— A. DC, Prodr., n. 28. 
 — Tvrola sebifera AlTBl.., Guian., 904, t. 345, 
 figs. 1-5. 
 
 ' " Eeise, ii. 543. — A. DC, Prodr., n. 41. — 
 Biouiha rodonda of the Brazilians. A species 
 with tonic seeds, not very aromatic. 
 
 '* PI. Xquin., ii. 78, t. 103.— A. DC, Prodr., 
 n. 46. Its seeds are the nutmegs of Santa- F^ ; 
 their aroma is fugacious. 
 
 " In Spreng. ;%««., App., 409. — A. DC, Prodr., 
 n. 38. — Bicayba and Noz moscha do Brazil, 
 An aromatic bitter officinal species. A balm 
 "of Bicahyba" is extracted therefrom, and 
 sometimes imported into Europe. It is much 
 used in Brazil in the treatment of rheumatic 
 affections, piles, &c. 
 
 K K 
 
4m 
 
 NATURAL SISTOBY OF PLANTS. 
 
 In tropical Africa we find especially M. madagascariensis Lamk.,* and 
 the two species we made known under the names of M. Niohue' and 
 M. Kombo? Several are energetic tonics, such as M. officinalis, 
 acuminata, Otoba. On merely plunging the fruits of M. sebifera 
 into hot water, a sort of grease is freed and rises to the surface." 
 The mace of M. Otoba is used in Colombia to cure itch. The 
 excessive use of Nutmeg may cause various ill effects. In several 
 species the pericarp is caustic, and the bark is usually gorged with 
 an acrid vi jd liquid, often reddish. That of the Nutmeg named 
 Dungan, in tte Philippines, is used instead of gum dragon." That 
 of M. tingens^ of Amboyna, is also red. Lime added to its mace is 
 used to dye the teeth red ; this is considered the height of beauty 
 by the natives.' 
 
 . " In Mem. Aoad. So. Far. (1788), 163, t. 4. 
 
 — PoiB., Diet., iv.. 338 (nee Boj.) A. DC, 
 
 Prodr., n. 52. — Madagasear Natmeg-tree, or 
 Muscadier de Madagascar, cultivated, it is said, 
 in Bourbon, and used exclusively as an aromatic. 
 • ' H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. 79, not. 1. — 
 Niolme of the natives. 
 
 2 H, Bn., loc. cii., note 2. — Kombo or 
 N'combo of the natives ; Arhre a suif [grease- 
 tree] of the Gaboon. Its seeds are exhibited in 
 several chronic affections; a nauseous-smelling 
 grease, analogous to that of M. sebifera. 
 
 * Yellowish, slightly scented, of a crystalline 
 appearance, used to make candles. 
 
 ' HiHDS, in I/ond. Jonm. Bot., i. 675, ex 
 LiNDL., loc. cit., 302. 
 
 ' Bi., SumpMa, i. 179. Duffhan, Dtrn- 
 ghan, or Qono-gogo seems to be (Bosenih. 
 op. eit. 588) produced by M, ? spuria Bl. 
 (M. philippitiensis Lamk. ? ; — M. hizonica 
 Bianco, M. d. Filipp., 664 ; — A. DC, Frodr., 
 u. 207). 
 
 '' The wood of the MyristicacetB is sometimes 
 handsome, though not strong, and occasionally 
 scented. That of M. Kombo is used in the 
 Gaboon for making pirogues. At Cayenne 
 they use that of M, swrirumiensis BoLANi)., 
 under the name of Giiinguamadou de moniagne ; 
 and the red Moussigot or Mouchigo is another 
 species of the same genus, which we shall name 
 M. Mouchigo. 
 
MYBISTIGAOE^. 499 
 
 GENUS. 
 
 Mjrristica L. — ^Flowers dioecious ; receptacle short convex. Pe- 
 rianth simple calyciform, usually 3-lobed, more rarel^^* 3-4-lobed, 
 valvate. Stamens, in female flower ; in male, either 3-alterni- 
 petalous, or more frequently 4-12 or oo ; anthers of variable form, 
 2-celled extrorse, rimose longitudinally; filaments either free from 
 base or middle upwards, or longitudinally adnate to a common 
 stalk, or else connate dorsally or by base around or above a stalk, 
 more rarely radiating ; connective often produced into a short point 
 on each anther, or all connectives uniting form a short point. 
 Grermen in male 0, in female free 1 -celled ; stigma short subsessHe 
 subentire, depressed or slightly 2-lobed, Ovule 1, subbasilar 
 ascending anatropous ; micropyle inferior dorsal. Fruit fleshy, 
 dehiscing late, longitudinally 2- or more rarely 4-valved. Seed 
 suberect sessile ; aril entire at base, usually lobed or cut above 
 middle, coloured, thin or fleshy, often aromatic, involute ; integu- 
 ment threefold ; outermost layer membranous or subcarnose ; 
 middle testaceous ; innermost thin, with interior folds between 
 lobes of ruminated albumen. Embryo minute, near apex of copious 
 fleshy albumen; radicle short inferior; cotyledons diverging, flat 
 or crispate-undulate. — Trees or shrubs, often aromatic and filled 
 with juice; leaves alternate (distichous) entire, usually coriaceous 
 with pellucid dots, penniveined, involute-conduplicate in vernation, 
 exstipulate ; inflorescence racemose ; racemes (often spurious) simple 
 or more frequently branched, few- or more frequently many- 
 flowered, axillary or super-axillary {Jll tropical countries). Seep. 492. 
 
 K 2 
 
INDEX OF GENERA AND SUB-GENERA 
 
 CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. 
 
 Abacosa, Alef., 191 
 Abaremotemon, Bbnth., 46 
 Abrus, L., 195, 232 
 Absus, VoG., 119 
 Acacia, T., 37, 65 
 Accoromba, Endl., 201 
 Acrocarpus, Wight, 81, 166 
 Acrodiclidium, Nbes, 468 
 Actinodaphne, Nees, 475 
 Adenantbera, L., 21, 59 
 Adenanthos, Labill., 424 
 Adenooalyx, Bert., 75 
 Adenocarpus, DC, 331 
 Adenolobus, Harv.&Sond.j 112 
 Adenopis, DC, 28 
 Adenopodia, Pbesl., 26 
 Adenostemum, Beet., 432 
 Adenostephanus, Kl., 390 
 Adenotrachelima, Nees, 434 
 Adesmia, DC, 303 
 Adieria, Neck., 105 
 .^gotoxicum. Done., 485 
 .^schynomene, L., 295 
 Aextoxicon, B,. & Pav., 485, 491 
 Affonsea, A. S. H., 47, 68 
 Afzelia, Sm., 106, 176 
 Agastaohjs, R. Bb., 418 
 Agathopbyllam, J., 433 
 Agelsea, Soland., 4, 16 
 Agnostus, A. CuNN., 408 
 Agnodaphne, Nees, 435 
 Aiouea, Aubl., 465 
 Albizzia, Dubazz., 41 
 Aldina, B. Met., 41 
 Aldina, Endl., 369 
 Alexa, MoQ., 360 
 Algarobia, Benth., 28 
 Alhagi, T., 293 
 Aloexylum, Lotjb., 146 
 Alseodaphne, Nees, 463 
 Alysicarpus, Neck., 312 
 Amarenus, Pbesl., 209 
 Amaria, Mut., 112 
 Amerimnum, P. Bb., 216 
 Amberstia, Wall., 92, 171 
 Amioia, H. B. K., 300 
 Ammodendrou, f isoh., 357 
 Ammotbamnus, Bge., 358 
 Amoria, Pbbsl., 209 
 Amorpha, L., 282 
 
 Ampelodaphne Meissn., 467 
 Ampbicarpa, Ell., 245 
 Amphicarpsea, DC, 245 
 Amphiloma, Meissn., 408 
 Amphithalea,EeKL. & Zeyh.,345 
 Anadenia, B.. Bb., 386 
 Anagyris, T., 347 
 Anartbrophyllum, Benth., 337 
 Andira, Lamk., 321 
 Andriapetalutn, Pohl., 414 
 Andripetalum, Schott, 414 
 Anisolotus, Bebnh., 207 
 Anisostemon, Ttjbcz., 2 
 Annesjea, Salisb., 43 
 Anoma,-ijOTJB., 146 
 Anpnychiftm, Benth., 28 
 Antbonota, P. Bbatjv., 101 
 AnthyUis, L., 286 
 Anurus, B. Mey., 194- 
 Aotus, Sm., 354 
 Apalatoa, Aubl., 98, 173 
 Aperiphracta, Nees, 434 
 Aperula, Bl., 476 
 Aphaca, T., 194 
 Aphora, Neck., 231 
 Apios, Bobbh., 241 
 Apollonias, Nees, 464 
 Apoplanesia, Pbesl, 283 
 Apuleia, Mart., 128, 183 
 Arachis, L., 308 
 Arobidendron, E. MtrELL.,47, 68 
 Argyrodendron, CoMM., 421 
 Argyrolobium, Eckl. & Zeyh., 
 
 331 
 Arouna, Aubl., 130 
 Artbrocliantbus, H. Bn., 309 
 Arthrosporion, Hassk., 41 
 Arthrostigma, Endl., 423 
 Asagrsea, H. Bn., 283 
 Asjogam, Rheedb, 97 
 Aspalatbus, L., 337 
 Asterocytisus, Schub., 218 
 Astragalus, T., 275 
 Astrophia, Nutt., 194 
 Ateleia, M09. & Sess., 365 
 Atylosia, Wight & Aen., 252 
 Atylus, Salisb., 423 
 Aulas, Bbeg., 396, 420 
 Avellana, GiEBTN., 414 
 Aydendron, Nees & Mart., 467 
 
 Bactyrilobium, W., 119 
 Bselia, Webb, 218 
 Baikisea, Bbnth., 98, 174 
 Balsamocarpon, Clos, 160 
 Bandeirsea, Welw., 114 
 Banksia, L. p., 390, 415 
 Banksites, Sap., 404 
 Bapbia, Aezbl., 363 
 Baptisia, Vent., 347 
 Barbieria, DC, 256 
 Barklya, E. Mubll., 82, 166 
 Baryxylum, Lour., 146 
 Baseophyllum, DC, 119 
 Batesiai Spruce, 88, 169 
 Baudouinia, H. Bn., 126, 182 
 Baubinia, Plum., 110, 178 
 Behaimia, Geiseb., 327 
 Beilscbmiedia, Nees, 465 
 Belairia, A. Rich., 365 
 Bellendena, B. Br., 415 
 Bellendenia, Endl., 390 
 Bellota, C Gay, 432 
 Berlinia, Soland., 104, 175 
 Bernardinia, Pl., 5 
 Berrya, Klejn, 437 
 Besenna, A. Rich., 41 
 Biancasa, Todab., 73 
 Bihania, Meissn., 469 
 Biserrula, L., 276 
 Bislania, Noronh., 449 
 Bocoa, "Aubl., 324 
 Boldu, Fedill., 432, 466 
 Bonduc, Plum., 77 
 Borbonia, L., 341 
 Boisssea, Vent., 341 
 Bowdichia, H. B. K., 361 
 Bowringia, Champ., 364 
 Brabeium, L., 393, 417 
 Brabyla, L., 417 
 Bracbysema, R. Be., 348 
 Bracbystegia, Benth., 107 
 Bradburya, Rapin., 373 
 Brandzeia, H. Bn., 144, 188 
 Brasilietta, DC, 75 
 Bremontiera, DC., 303 
 Brongniartia, H. B. K., 205, 
 
 273 
 Broussonetia, Oeteg., 224 
 Brownea, J acq.; 97, 173 
 Brya, P. Be., 299 
 
502 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA AND SUB-GENEBA. 
 
 Buchanrcedera, Eckl. & Zeth., 
 
 338 
 Buckinfjhamia, P. Muell., 410 
 Burgoma, Benth., 43 
 Barkea, Hook., 141, 188 
 Burtonia, It. Br., 351 
 Butea, KoEN., 242 
 
 Cadia, Poesk., 69, 162 
 CtBsalpinia, Pltjm., 71, 162 
 Csesalpinaria, Bbnih., 72 
 Cajanus, DC, 251 
 Calliandra, Benth., 43, 67 
 Callotropris, Don, 201 
 Calodium, Lotjk., 440 
 Caloneura, A. DC, 495 
 Calophaca, Fisch., 278 
 Calopogonium, Desvs., 238 
 Calpurnia, E. Mey., 358 
 Calycomorpha, Presi, 209 
 Calycotome, Link., 330 
 Camoensia, Welw., 368 
 Campecia, Adans., 73 
 Camphora, Nees, 428 
 Camphoromsea, Nees, 471 
 Campsiandra, Benth., 9], 170 
 Camptosema, Hook. & ABir.,249 
 Canavali, Adans., 250 
 Canavalia, DC, 250 
 Caidcidia, Velloz, 4 
 Canschenapou, Rheedb, 110 
 Caragana, Lamk.-, 279 
 Cardiocaryon, Ensl., 422 
 Cardweliia,E. Muell., 386,409 
 Carmichselia, B. Bk., 268 
 Camarvonia, P. Muell., 412 
 Caryodaphne, Bl., 432 
 Casparia, £., 112 
 Cassia, T., 116, 179 
 Cassytha, L., 440, 477 
 Castanospermum, A. Ctjnn., 359 
 Castronia, Nobonh., 413 
 Catas, J., 384 
 Cathartocarpus, Pees., 119 
 Cathormion, Benth., 44 
 CaulantliOD, Benth., 46 
 Caulotretus, Eich., 110 
 Cecidodaphne, Nees, 426 
 Cenanhenes, Labill., 393, 418 
 Cenoatigma, Tul., 75 
 Centrolobium, Maet., 319 
 Centrosema, DC, 247 
 Ceramooarpium, Nees, 434 
 Ceramophora, Nees, 434 
 Ceratia, Plin., 131 
 Ceratonia, L., 131, 184 
 Cercidium, Tul., 77, 164 
 Cercis, L., 114, 179 
 Chadsia, Boj., 259 
 Cheenolobium, MiQ., 373 
 ChEetoealjx, DC, 301 
 Chamsecrista, DC, 120 
 Chamsefistula, DC, 118 
 
 Chamsesenna, DC, 118 
 
 Chapmannia, Toes. & Ge., 308 
 
 Chasme, Salisb., 421 
 
 Chibaca, Beetol., 449 
 
 Chloroleucon, Benth., 45 
 
 Chorizema, Labill., 350 
 
 Christmannia, Dennst., 449 
 
 Chrysodendron, Vaill., 395 
 
 Chrysostachys, Pqipp., 86 
 
 Chrysoxelon, Casae., 25 
 
 Cioer. T., 195, 231 
 
 Cioeroula, Alep., 195 
 
 Cicerella, Mcbnch, 194 
 
 Cinclidocarpus, Zoll., 74 
 
 Cinnaiuomum, Buem., 426, 462 
 
 Ciroinaria, Benth., 28 
 
 Cladotrichium, Vog., 74 
 
 Cladrastis, Rapin., 359 
 
 Clelia, Casae., 43 
 
 Cleobulia, Mart., 249 
 
 Cleyeria, Neck., 130 
 
 Clianthus, Soj,and., 271 
 
 Clitoria, L., 247 
 
 Clymenum, T., 194 
 
 Clypearia, Benth., 46 
 
 Clypearia, Eumph., 21 
 
 Cnestidium, Pl., 7, 17 
 
 Cnestis, J., 5, 17 
 
 Coohlianthus, Benth., 242 
 
 Codarium, Solans., 129 
 
 Codonaudra, £abst., 43 
 
 Coelidium, Vo6., 345 
 
 Coilostigroa, Endl., 424 
 
 Cologania, K., 246 
 
 Colutea, T., 268 
 
 Colvillea, Boj., 80, 165 
 
 Compsoneura, A. DC, 495 
 
 Conchium, Sii., 41 1 
 
 Concordia, Benth., 46 
 
 Coimarus, L., 1, 16 
 Conooarpodendron, Bceeh., 419 
 Conocarpus, Bceeh., 395 
 Conopliorus, Pbtiv., 420 
 Conospermum, Sm., 397, 425 
 Copaiba, Maecg., 133 
 Copaifera, L., 133, 184 
 Copiiba, Pis., 133 
 Coppoleria, Todae., 191 
 Cordyla, LouE., 371 
 Corethrodendron, Basin, 294 
 Corniola, Peesl., 218 
 Coronilla, L., 304 
 Corothamnus, Peesl., 218 
 Corynella, DC, 263 
 Corynopodes, Nees, 465 
 Coryzadenia, Geipp., 443 
 Ooublandia, Aubl., 326 
 Coulteria, H. B. K., 75 
 Coumarouna, Aubl., 322 
 Courbaril, Plum., 108 
 Coursetia, DC, 265 
 Cracca, Benth., 266 
 Cracca, Hivin., 191 
 Crafordia, Rapin, 373 
 
 Cranooarpns, Benth., 315 
 Crotalaria, L., 335 
 Crudia, Scheeb., 98 
 Crudya, W., 98 
 Cryptocarya, R. Be., 431, 466 
 Cryptosepalum, Benth., 140,187 
 Ctenodon, H, Bh., 302 
 Cubsea, Scop., 109 
 Cujunia, Alep., 191 
 Cyamopsis, DC, 273 
 Cyanodaphne, Bl., 432 
 Cyathostegia, Benth., 227 
 Cybele, Kn. & Salisb., 408 
 Cyclas, ScHRBB., 98 
 Cyclolobium, Benth., 317 
 Cyclopia, Vent., 346 
 Cylicodaphne, Nees, 475 
 Cylindria, Loue., 403 
 Cylista, Ait., 253 
 Cymboseoia, Benth., 237 
 Cynometra, L., 138, 186 
 Cynomorium,.RuMPH., 138 
 Cyrtostigma, Endl., 424 
 Cytisopsis, Jaub. & Spach, 285 
 Cytisus, L., 333 
 
 Dalbergaria, Benth., 217 
 Dalbergia, L. p., 216, 316 
 Dalea, L., 280 
 Dalhousiea, Wall., 364 
 Daniella, Benn., 104, 175 
 Daphnidium, Nees, 476 
 Darliugia, P. Muell., 409 
 Darlingtonia, DC, 34 
 Darwinia, Dennst., 476 
 Daviesia, Sm., 353 
 Deguelia, Aubl., 328 
 Dehaasia, Nees, 465 
 Dendrodaphne, Beurl., 449 
 Dendrospartum, Spach, 218 
 Dermatophyllum, Scheble, 224 
 Desmanthea, DC, 33 
 Desmanthus, W., 33, 64 
 Desmodium, Desvx., 310 
 Detarium, J., 136, 185 
 Diadema, Benth., 43 
 Dialium, L., 129, 183 
 Diastella, Salisb., 419 
 Dichilus, DC, 336 
 Dickneckeria, Velloz, 390 
 Dicorjnia, Benth., 123, 181 
 Dicrostachys, DC, 29, 63 
 Dictyodapnne, Bl., 469 
 Dictyoneura, A. DC, 495 
 Dicymbe, Spruce, 90 
 Dicypellium, Nees, 472 
 Didelotia, H. Bn., 107, 176 
 Didymauthus, Kl:, 390 
 Dillwynia, Sm., 356 
 Dilobeia, Dup.-Th., 396, 421 
 Dimorpha, Scheeb., 105 
 Dimorphandra, Schott, 140,187 
 Dioclea, H. B. K., 248 
 
INBT!X OF aENEBA ANB SUB-GBNUBA: 
 
 503. 
 
 Diphysa, Jacq., 262 
 Diplotropis, Bbnth., 361 
 Diptychandra, Tdl., 87, 168 
 Disoolobium, Benth., 298 
 Distemonanthus, Beniu., 128, 
 
 183 
 Dithyria, Benth., 227 
 Dodecadenia, Nees, 475 
 Doga, Panch., 125 
 Dolichonema, Nees, 127 
 Doliohos, L.. 234 
 Doryciiiiam, T., 285 
 Donglasia, Scbbeb., 465 
 Drakensteinia, Ne€k., 317 
 Drepanocarpus,Q.A.F.MET.,318 
 Drepanospron, Benth., 198 
 Dryandra, E,. Ba., 392, 416 
 Dryandroides, Ung., 404 
 Drymospartum, Presl., 218 
 Damasia. DC, 245 
 Dunbaria, Wight & Aen., 253 
 Duparqnetia, H. Bn., 126. 182 
 Dysolobium, Benth., 198 
 
 Ebenus, L., 295 
 Ecastaphyllum, P. Bs., 317 
 Echinooalyx, Benth., 139 
 Echinolobiam, Desvx., 212 
 Echirospermum, Allem., 158 
 Ehihardia, Scop., 465 
 Eleeagnus, T., 481, 490 
 Eleiotis, DC, 314 
 Elephantorrhiza, Benth., 23, 59 
 Eliaabetha, Schomb., 72, 95 
 Ellipanthus, Hook., e., 10 
 Embothrites, TJng., 404 
 Embothrium, EoiisT., 383, 407 
 Endiandra, E. Be.., 468 
 Endlicheria, Nees, 474 
 Endospermam, Bl., 216 
 Endusia, Alee., 191 
 Bntada, Adans., 26, 61 
 Enterolobium, Mart., 46, 67 
 Eperua, Aitbl., 105, 176 
 Eremosparton, EiscH. & Mey., 
 
 271 
 Erinacea, Brass., 334 
 Eriodaphne, Nees, 463 
 Eriosema, Desvx., 254 
 Erodendron, Salisb., 395 
 Ervum, T., 191 
 Erythrina, L., 238 
 Erythrophloeum, Aezel., 142, 
 
 188 
 Brythrostemon, Kl., 74 
 Erythrostigma, Hassk., 2 
 Euchlora, Eckl. & Zeyh., 341 
 Euchresta, Benn., 323 
 Eucryptooarya, R. Be., 432 
 Eudimorphandra, Tul., 141 
 Euinga, Benth., 43 
 Eulomatia, R. Be,., 408 
 Eulotus, See., 208 
 
 Eamimetes, Ensl., 420 
 Eumpis'tica, A. DC., 494 
 Etiph^seolus, Benth., 198 
 Eupiptadenia, Benth., 24 
 Euplassa, Salisb., 390 
 Euryspermum, Salisb., 421 
 Euschrankia, Benth., 33 
 Eutaxia, R. Be,., 355 
 Eutounate^ H. Bn., 227 
 Erersmannia, Bge., 293 
 Evodia, G.£e,tn., 433 
 EvonymodaphQe, Nees, 434 
 Evoamus, Nutt., 435 
 Exotylis, SoHOTT, 370 
 Eyseuhardtia, H. B. E., 282 
 
 Faba, T., 191 
 Fagelia, Neck., 252 
 Farnesia, Gasp., 41 
 Faurea, Harv., 393, 417 
 Ferreira, Am-bm., 368 
 FOlsea, Gtjill. & Peer., 143 
 Fissicalyx, Benth., 323 
 Fistuloides, Benth., 369 
 Fiwa, Gmel., 437 
 Flemingia, RoxB., 255 
 Franklandia, R. Be., 394, 418 
 
 Gagnebina, Neck., 27, 61 
 Gagnedi, Betjce, 395 
 GaTactia, P. Be., 236 
 Galearia, Pkbsl., 209 
 Galega, T., 201, 255 
 Grallmaria, Rumph., 152 
 Gastrolobium, R. Be., 354 
 Geissaspis, Wight & Aen., 297 
 Genista, T., 218, 329 
 Geoffrcea, L., 321 
 Gigalobium, P. Be., 26 
 Ginnania, Scop., 95 
 Gissonia, Salisb., 421 
 Glabraria, L., 437 
 Gleditschia, L., 84, 167 
 Gleditsia (L.), 84 
 Gliricidia, H. B. K., 262 
 Glycine, L., 243 
 Glycyrrhiza, T., 277 
 Gnesiopersea, Nees, 463 
 Gceppertia, Nees, 474 
 Gompholobium, Sii., 350 
 Gonooytisus, Space, 218 
 Gonsii, Beam., 21 
 Goodia, Salisb., 343 
 Gorskia, Bolle, 135 
 GouEliea, Gilb., 357 
 Graphiosa, Alee., 195 
 Grevillea, E. Be., 410 
 Griffonia, H. Bn., 114, 179 
 Grimaldia, Sche., 120 
 Grona, Lotje., 237 
 GrouoTia, Blanco, 443 
 Guiaicum, L., 95 
 
 GueldenstsBdtia, FiscH., 277 
 Guevina, Molin., 414 
 Guibourtia, Benn., 135 
 Guilandina, L., 74 
 Gymnobalanus, Nees, 471 
 Gymnocladus, Lauk., 83, 167 
 Gynanthistrophe, FoiT., 225 
 Gyrocarpus, JAcq., 442, 478 
 
 Haasia, Bl., 464 
 Habbasia, DC, 32 
 Hsematoxylon, L., 78, 164 
 Hakea, Schrad., 411 
 Halimodendron, Fisch., 278 
 Hallia, Thunb., 314 
 Hammatolobium, Fenzl., 305 
 Hardwickia, Roxb., 136, 185 
 Harpalyce, Mop. & Sess., 274 
 Hecastophyllum, H. B. K., 317 
 Hedysarnm, T., 212, 292 
 Heineckenia, Webb., 207 
 Helicia, Loue., 413 
 Helittophytum, Bt., 413 
 Helmiuthocarpum, A. Rich, 283 
 Hemiandrina, Hook, e., 4 
 Hemiclidia, R. Be., 392, 410 
 Henschelia, Peesi., 443 
 Hermesia, Lceel., 97 
 Herminiera, Gum. & Pere.,296 
 Hernandia, Plum., 445, 479 
 Hernaudiopsis, Meissn., 445 
 Herpetica, Rtjmph., 118 
 Heterostemon, Dese., 96, 172 
 ECexanthus, Loue., 437 
 Heylandia, DC, 336 
 Hippocrepis, L., 306 
 Hippophae, L., 484, 491 
 Hcelzelia, Neck., 225 
 Hoffmanzeggia, Cav., 76 
 Holderlinia, Neck., 422 
 Hoopesia, Buckl., 77 
 Horsfleldia, W., 497 
 Hosackia, Dougl., 286 
 Hovea, R. B»., 343 
 Hufelandia, Nees, 464 
 Humboldtia, Vahl, 94, 171 
 Hylogyne, Kn. & Salisb., 407 
 Hymensea, L., 108, 177 
 Hymenocarpus, Sati, 288 
 Hymenolobium, Benth., 328 
 Hypeehusa, Alee,, 191 
 Hypooalyptus, Thunb., 334 
 Hypopbyllocarpodendron, 
 BOEEH., 420 
 
 Icoaandra, Phil., 449 
 Tlligera, Bl., 443, 479 
 Indigofera, L., 271 
 Inga, Plum., 42, 66 
 Irya, HooE. & Thoms., 495 
 Iryanthera, A. DC, 495 
 Isodesmia, Gaedn., 299 
 
504. ■ 
 
 INDEX OF GEREBA AKD STTB-OENEBA. 
 
 Isopogdn, R. Br., 396, 423 
 Isotropis, Benth., 350 
 
 Jacksonia, R. Bb., 351 
 Jiansonia, Kiff., 349 
 Jetaiba, Pis., 108 
 Jonesia, Roxb., 97 
 Josephia, Kn. & Salisb., 416 
 Jososte, Nbes, 475 
 
 Kantuffa, Bruce, 82 
 Kennedya, Vent., 244 
 Keratioh, Diosc, 132 
 Kermadecia, Bb. & Ge., 390 
 Keronia, Teeoph., 132 
 Enema, Bl., 495 
 Knightia, R. Be., 386, 408 
 Knightites, Sap., 404 
 KomakoiL, Theophr., 492 
 Krokeria, See,., 208 
 Kruegeria, Neck., 101 
 
 Labichea, Gattdich., 123, 180 
 Laboucheria, F. Mtjell., 144 
 Laburnum, Gbiseb., 330 
 Lacara, Spbjikg., 112 
 liagonychium, Bibb., 28 
 Lambertia, Sm., 413 
 Lamprolobium, Benth., 274 
 Lasiobema, Miq., 113 
 Lastila, Alep., 195 
 Lathriogyne, Ecki. & Zeyh., 
 
 345 
 Lathyrus, T., 194, 230 
 Latrobea, Meissn., 356 
 Laurus, T., 439, 477 
 Lebeokia, Thunb., 338 
 Leinkeria, Scop., 413 
 Lennea, Kl., 264 
 Lens, T., 193, 229 
 Lepidadenia, Nees & Ann., 475 
 Lepidocarpodendron, Bobbh., 
 
 395 
 Leptinga, Benth., 43 
 Leptodaphne, Nees, 434 
 Leptodesmia, Benth., 314 
 Leptospron, Benth., 198 
 Lespedeza, MiCHX., 315 
 Lessertia, DC, 270 
 Leucadendrites, Sap., 404 
 Leueadendron, Hebm., 396, 421 
 Leucsena, Benth., 33, 64 
 Leucomphalus, Benth., 363 
 Leuoospermum, R. Be., 396, 419 
 Libidibia, DC, 74 
 Licaria, Atjbl., 449 
 Lindera, Thunb., 438, 477 
 Linharia, Abeud., 449 
 Linkia, Cav., 493 
 Liparia, L., 344 
 Listia, E. Met., 340 
 
 Litssea, J., 475 
 Lomatia, R. Bb., 386, 408 
 Lomatites, Sap., 404 
 Lonchocarpus, H. B. K., 324 
 Lotea, Webb, 208 
 Lotonbnis, DC, 339 
 Lotus, L., 207, 284 
 Lourea, Neck., 312 
 Loxooalyx, Benth., 112 
 Loxospermum, HoCHST., 209 
 Lupinaster, Pebsi., 209 
 Lupinus, T., 332 
 Lysiloma, Benth., 43, 67 
 Lysiphyllum, Benth., 112 
 Lyssanthe, Kn. & Samsb., 386 
 
 Macadamia, P. Muhll., 414 
 Machserium, Pees., 317 
 Machilus, Rumph., 463 
 Macleaya, Monteoitz, 116, 120 
 Maerolobium, Schrbb., 101 
 Macroptilium, Benth., 198 
 Malabathrium, Bdem., 426 
 Malaparius, Miq.,,373 
 Malbrancia, Neck., 2 
 Manglesia, Endl., 386 
 Manotes, Soland., 8, 18 
 Marina, Lbebm., 281 
 Martia, Benih., 124, 181 
 Martiusia, Benih., 124 
 Mastersia, Benth., 238 
 Mavia, Bertol., 142 
 Mecopus, Benn., 312 
 Medicago, L., 211, 289 
 Melanosticta, DC, 76 
 Melanoxylon, Schoit., 89, 169 
 Melilotus, T., 289 
 Melolobium, Bckl. & Zeyh., 337 
 Menestrata, Velloz, 449 
 Mespilodaphne, Nees, 470 
 Metrocynia, Dup.-Th.; 138 
 Mezoneurum, Dbsb., 78, 164 
 Micrantheum, Pbesl., 209 
 Microcharis, Bbnth., 267 
 Microlotus, Benth., 208 
 Milletia, Wight & Abn., 259 
 Mimetes, Salisb., 396, 420 
 Mimosa, L., 30, 63 
 Minkelersia, Maet. & Gal., 198, 
 
 233 
 Mirbelia, Sm., 351 
 Misanteoa, Cham. & Schitl., 469 
 Mischocaryon, Diosc, 492 
 Misoolobium, Voq., 216 
 Moldenhauera, Schrad.,127,182 
 Molloya, Meissn., 411 
 Monopteryx, Spruce, 362 
 Mora, ScHOMB., 141 
 Moschokaruon, Diosc, 492 
 Muouna, Adans., 240 
 Mundulea, DC, 259 
 Myginda, Speeng., 470 
 Myricophyllum, Scop., 404 
 
 Myristica, L., 491, 499 
 Myrocarpus, Allem., 366 
 Myrospermum, Jacq., 367 
 Myrtillus, Pbesl., 209 
 
 Nebu, Petjill., 414 
 Nectandra, Roland, 471 
 Neptunia, Lotte., 29, 63 
 Nesodaphne, Hook, p., 464 
 Niopa, Benth., 24 
 Nissolia, Jacq., 302 
 Nissolia, T., 194 
 Nivenia, R. Be., 396, 421 
 Nothaphoebe, Bl., 464 
 Nothocnestis, Miq., 11 
 Notospartium, Hook, f., 268 
 Nugaria, DC, 74 
 
 Ocotea, AuBL., 434, 470 
 Octarillum, Lotte., 487 
 OHgostemon, Benth., 127 
 Olneya, A. Gray, 265 
 Omphalobioides, DC, 95 
 Omphalobium, G^srtn., 2 
 Omphalobium, Jacq., 95 
 Ouobrychis, G.«!ETN., 294 
 Ononis, L., 291 
 Opalatoa, AuBL., 98 
 Oreocallis, R. Br., 384 
 Oreodaplme, Nees, 434 
 Orites, R. Be., 411 
 Ormocarpum, Pal. Beatjv., 298 
 Ormosia, Jacks., 360 
 Ornithopus, L., 304 
 Orobella, Pbesl., 191 
 Orobus, L., 194 
 Orothamnus, Pappe., 420 
 Ostryocarpus, Hook, r., 327 
 Otoba, A. DC, 494 
 Ougeinia, Benth., 316 
 Outea, Aitbl., 101 
 Oxylobium, Ande., 349 
 Oxypogon, Rapin., 191 
 Oxytropis, DC, 276 
 
 Pachyrliizus, Rich., 255 
 Pahudia, MiQ., 107 
 Palseodendron, Sap., 404 
 Paloue, Aitbl., 95 
 PaloTea (Atjbl.), 95, 172 
 Panciatica, Picciv., 69 
 Pancovia, W., 106 
 Panopsis, Salisb., 414 
 Panurea, Spruce, 364 
 Panzera, W., 105 
 Parallosa, Aleb., 191 
 Paramesus, Pbesl., 209 
 Paranomus, Salisb., 421 
 Paripinnaria, H. Bn., 76 
 Parkia, Jl. Bb., 34, 64 
 Packinsonia, Plum., 77, 163 
 
.INDEX OF GENEBA AND BVB-GENEEA. 
 
 505 
 
 Paroehetus,' HAirfilT., 291 
 Parthenoxjlbn, Bl., 426 
 Paryella, A. Ghat, 283 
 Paryposphsera, Kabst., 34 
 Patnnia, Rapist., ,222 
 Pauletia, Cat., 112 
 Pedrbsia, Lowe, 207 
 Peltogyne, Vog., 108 
 Peltopnorum, Vog., 76 
 Pentaolethra; Eenth., 36, 64 
 Pentadactylon, G^rtn., 393 
 Pentadynamis, R. Bk„ 336 
 Pentaphyllon, Pees., 209 
 Periandra, Mart., 246 
 Pericopsis, Thw,, 361 
 Perittium, Vog., 90 
 ^erlebia, Makt., 112 
 Persea, G^btn., 463 
 Persoonia, Sm., 393, 416 
 Petalanthera, Nees, 434 
 Petalostemon, Michx., 281 
 Petalostyles,,R. Br., 121, 180 
 Peteria, A. Gray, 257 
 Petrophila, B,. Br., 396, 423 
 PetropMle, Kn. & Salisb., 423 
 Petteria, Pbesl., 331 
 Peumus, MoL., 448 
 Phanera, Lotjr., 113 
 Phanerdpsia, Tm., 141 
 Phasellus, Mobnch, 197 
 Phaseolns, L., 197, 232 
 Phoebe, Nees,'462 
 Phylaoium, Benn., 313 
 Phyllocarpus, Ribd., 92, 170 
 PhyUota.TDC.,.354 
 Physostigma, Balp., 198, 233 
 Pickeringia, Nutt., 348 
 Pictetia, DC, 137 • 
 Pileostigma, Hochst., 112 
 Piptadenia, Benth., 24, 60 
 Piptanthus, Don, 348 
 Piptouiopa, H. Bn., 24 
 Pisoidia, L., 325 
 Pisum, T., 195, 231 
 Pithecolobium, Mart., 44, 67 
 Placolobium, Miq., 373 
 Plathymenia, Benth.,'24, 60 
 Platycyamus, Benth., 248 
 Platylobium, Sm., 342 
 Platymiscium, Vog., 326 
 Platypodium, Vog., 318 
 Platystylis, Sweet, 194 
 Pleiophaoa, P. Mtjell., 47 
 Pleiospora, Harv., 340 
 Pleuranthe, Salisb., 395 
 Pleurothyrium, Nebs, 472 
 PocUlum, TuL., 141 
 Podalyria, Lamk., 221, 346 
 Podiopetalum, Hochst., 216 
 Poecilanthe, Benth., 320 
 Poeppigia, Peesl., 87, 168 
 Poinciana, K., 73 
 Poinciaua, L., 80, 165 
 Poiretia, Vent., 301 
 
 Poissonia, H. Bn., 266 
 Poitoea, Vent., 264 
 Polyadeiiia, Nees, 476 
 Pomaria, Cav., 74 
 Pomatia, Nees, 472 
 Pongamia, Vent., 328 
 Porostema, Sohbeb., 472 
 Possira, Aubl., 225 ■ 
 Potameia, Ddp.-Th., 431, 466 
 Priestleya, DC. 344 
 Prioria, Gbiseb., 137, 186 
 Priotropis, Wight & Akn., 336 
 Prosopis, L., 28, 61 '■ 
 Prosospermia, Vog., 119 
 Protea,;L., 395, 419 
 Pryona, Miq., 98 
 Pseudarthria, Wight & Aen., 
 
 311 
 Pseudinga, Benth., 43 
 Psilorhegma, Vog., 120 
 Psophooarpus, Neck., 236 
 Psoralea, L., 279 
 Pterooarpns, L , 319 
 Pterodon, Vog., 322 
 Pterogyne, Tiri,., 138, 186 
 Pterolobium, R. Br., 82, 166 
 Ptychosema, Benth., 256 
 Piieraria, DC, 250 
 Pultensea, Sm., 355 
 Purssetha, L., 26 
 Pyconospora, R. Be., 311 
 Pyrrhosa, Bl., 495 
 Pytirocarpa, Benth., 24 
 
 Quadria, R. & Pay., 415 
 Quartinia, A. Rich., 82 
 
 Radackia, Endl., 373 
 Radiusia, Reichb., 222 
 Rafnia, Thunb.. 340 
 Ramirezia, A. Rich., 88 
 Ravensara, Sonnee., 433, 466 
 Reichardia, Both., 82 
 Retama, Boiss., 218 
 Betinophyllum, Kabst., 77 
 Rhodostachys, Benth., 33 
 Rhopala, Schreb., 413 
 Rhopalospermites, Sap., 404 
 Rhynoosia, Lour., 253 
 Rittera, Schreb., 225 
 Riveria, H. B. K., 225 
 Robergia, Scheeb., 4 
 Robinia, L., 261 
 Ropala, RuDG., 413 
 Rothia, Pees., 339 
 Rotmannia, Neck., 105 
 RoupaJa, Atjbl., 413 
 Rourea, Aubl., 4, 17 
 Roureopsis, Pl., 4 
 Rudolphia, W., 240 
 Rupala, VahLj 413 
 
 Sabinia, DC, 263 
 Salzredelia, Pl. Vett., 318 
 Samanea, Benth., 45 
 Sautalcides, L., 2 
 Sappania, DC, 76 
 Saraoa, Burm., 57, 173 
 Sarcodum, Loue., 260 
 Sarmienta, Sieb., 6 
 Sassafras, Bauh., 435, 473 
 Sassafridium, Mbissn., 436, 473 
 Schaueria, Nees, 474 
 Schiz'olobium, Vog., 110, 178 
 Sohnella, Rad., 112 
 Scliotia, Jacq., 94, 172 
 Schrankia, W., 82, 63 
 Sclerolobium, Vog., 84, 168 
 Soolymooephalus, Heem., 395 
 Soolymooephalus, Wbinm., 419 
 Scorpiurus, L., 305 
 Scytodium, Vog., 101 
 Seoopbora, Neck., 494 
 Securigera, DC, 287 
 Selenolobium, Benth., 217 
 Sellunia, Alep., 191 
 Semeionotis, Schott., 216 
 Senna, T., 118 
 Septina, Noronh., 449 
 Seriantbes, Benth., 46, 68 
 Serruria, Salisb., 396, 422 
 Sesbania, Pers., 267 
 Shepherdia, Nutt., 483, 490 
 Shuteria, Wight & Arn., 244 
 Siliqua, T., 131 
 Siliquastrum, Gesn., 115 
 Silvaea, Mei^sn., 468 
 Silvia, Allem., 468 
 Simsia, R. Be., 397 
 Sindora, Miq., 139, 186 
 Siiigana, Aubl., 373 
 Sissoa, Benth., 217 
 Smithia, Ait., 297 
 Soemmeringia, Maet., 296 
 Sophora, L., 222, 356 
 Soranthe, Salisb., 423 
 Sorocepbalus, R. Be., 422 
 Spsendonoea, Desp., 69 
 Sparattanthelium, Mart., 443, 
 
 478 
 Spartium, L., 330 
 Spartium, Spach, 218 
 Spatalla, Salisb., 396, 423 
 Spatholobus, Hassk., 242 
 Sphaerolobium, Sm., 352 
 Spirotropis, Tul., 362 
 Spondioides, Smbathm., 6 
 Stenocarpus, R. Br., 386, 408 
 Stirlingia, Endl., 397, 424 
 Storckiella, Seem., 125, 181 
 Stracheya, Benth., 293 
 Strangea, Mbissn., 411 
 Strombocarpus, A. Gray, 28 
 t-trongylodon, Vog., 239 
 Strophostyles, Ell., 198 
 Stryenodapbne, Nebs, 470 
 
606 
 
 INDEX OF GEKEBA AND SUB-GENEBA. 
 
 Stryphnodendron, Mabt., 23, 59 
 Stylosanthes, Siv,, 306 
 Stylorus, Kn. & Salisb., 386 
 Styphnolobium, Schott, 224 
 Sutherlandia, K Bb., 269 
 SMrainsona, Salisb., 270 
 Swantia, Alef., 191 
 Swartzia, Scheeb., 225 
 Sweetia, Speeng., 366 
 Sylitra, E. Met., 257 
 Symphyolepis, E^fDL., 423 
 Symphyonema, R. Be., 393, 417 
 Symphysodaphne, A. Rich., 473 
 Synandrodaphne, Meissn., 472 
 Synaphea, R. Be., 399, 425 
 Syspone, Geisbb., 218 
 
 Tachia, Pees., 109 
 Tachigali, Atjbl., 109, 177 
 Tachigalia, J., 109 
 TseniocUaena, Hook, p., 11, 18 
 Tamarindus, T., 99, 174 
 Tapomana, Adans., 2 
 Tara, Molin., 75 
 Tassia, Rich., 109 
 Tavemiera, DC, 292 
 Teleianthera, Nebs, 434 
 Telopea, R. Be., 386, 407 
 Templetonia, R. Br., 342 
 Tephrosia, Pees., 258 
 Teramnus, P. Br., 244 
 Tetradenia, Nees, 476 
 Tetragonolobus, Scop., 208 
 Tetranthera, Jacq., 437, 474 
 
 Tetrapleura, Benth., 27, 61 
 Theodora, Medik., 95 
 Thermopsis, R. Br., 346 
 Thylananthus, Tul., 90, 170 
 Tioanto, Adass., 74 
 Tipuana, Benth., 318 
 Toluifera, L., 367 
 Tomes, Thtjhb., 437 
 Tonnatea, Axtbl., 225, 369 
 Trachylobium, Hayn., 109 
 Tricholobus, Bl., 9, 19 
 Tricondylus, Kn. & Saiisb., 408 
 Trifolium; T., 209, 288 
 Trigonella, L., 290 
 Triptolemsea, Mabt., 217 
 Trisohidium, Tul., 225 
 Troostwyckia, MiQ., 11 
 Tropocarpa, Don, 411 
 Tuamina, Alep., 191 
 Tubioalys, Miq., 78 
 
 TJlex, L., 333 
 
 Unguis cati, Benth., 46 
 
 Uraria, Desvx., 311 
 
 Vachellia, Wight. & Abn., 41, 
 
 42 
 Valentinia, Neck., 109 
 Viborgia, Thunb., 338 
 Vicia, T., 190, 229 
 Vicilla, ScHUB., 191 
 Vicioides, Mcench., 191 
 Vigna, Savi, 235 
 
 Vamorina, DC, 264 
 Viminaria, Sm., 353 
 "Vionsea, Neck., 395 
 Virgilia, Lamk., 358 
 Virola, Axtbl., 494 
 Voandzeia, Dup.-Th., 235 
 Voaravendsara, Flag., 433 
 Voglera, Fi>. Vett., 218 
 Volatella, Poesk., 440 
 Vouaoapoua, Attbe., 88, 169 
 Vouapa, AuBL., 101, 174 
 Vouarana, Aubl., 98 
 
 WM;atea, Dalz., 81, 166 
 WJdschmidtia, Neck., 98 
 Walpersia, Habv. & SotANB., 
 
 346 
 Westia, Vahl, 110 
 Wiggersia, Alep., 191 
 Wimmeria, Nebs, 464 
 Wistaria, Nutt., 260 
 
 Xanthocercis, H. Bn., 325 
 Xerocladia, Habv., 29, 62 
 Xerostole, Endl., 423 
 Xylia, Benth., 25. 60 
 Xylomelum, Endl., 412 
 
 Zenkeria, Aen., 128 
 Zollernia, Mabt., 370 
 Zomia, Gmel., 307 
 Zuecagnia, Cat., 76, 163 
 
 END OF VOL. 11. 
 
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 servation, and Distribution of Ferns. By M. Plues. Crown 8vo, 55 
 Wool-Engravings, &s.; with 16 Coloured Plates by W. Fitch, 10«. 6d. 
 
 One of the ' New Series of Natural History for Beginners,' accurately de- 
 scribing iill the Ferns and their allies found in Britain, with a Wood-Engraving 
 of each Species, and Coloured Figures of 32 of the most iuterestiug, including 
 magnified dissections showing the Venatiou and Fructification. 
 
L, EEEVE AND OO.'S PUBLICATIONS. 11 
 
 THE BEITISH FEENS; or, Coloured Figures and De- 
 
 Bcriptions, with the needful Analyses of the IVuctification and Venation, of 
 
 the Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland, systematically arranged. By Sir 
 
 W. J. Hooker, F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 66 Plates, £2. is. 
 
 The British Ferns and their allies are illustrated in this work, from the 
 
 pencil of Mr. Fitch. Each Species has a Plate to itself, so that there is ample 
 
 room for the details, on a magnified scale, of Fructification and Venation. The 
 
 whole are delicately coloured by hand. In the letterpress an iiiterestiiig account 
 
 is given with each species of its geographical distribution in other countries. 
 
 GARDEN FERNS ; or, Coloured Figures and Descriptions, 
 
 with the needful Analyses of the Fructification and Venation, of a Selection 
 of Exotic Ferns, adapted for Cultivation in the Garden, Hothouse, and Con- 
 servatory. By Sir W. J. Hookek, F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 64 Plates, £2. 2*. 
 
 A companion volume to the preceding, for the use of those who take an in- 
 terest in the cultivation of some of thamore beautiful and remarkable varieties 
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 Fructification and Venation are given on u magnified scale, the Drawings being 
 from the peucil ot Mr. Fitch. 
 
 FILICES EXOTICE; or. Coloured Figures and ncscription 
 
 of Exotic Ferns, chiefly of such as are cultivated in the Ruyal Gardens of 
 Kew. By Sir W. J. Hookek, F.R.S. Royal 4to, 100 Pliftes, £6. lU 
 
 One of the most superbly illustrated books of Foreign Ferns that has been 
 hitherto produced. The Species are selected botii on :iccunnl ol' their beauty of 
 form, singular structure, and their suitableness for cultivation. 
 
 FERNY COMBES; a Ramble after Ferns in the Glens and 
 
 Valleys of Devonshire. By Chaklotie CHANTtB. Thiid Edition. 
 Fcp. 8vo, 8 coloured plates by Fitch, and a Map of the County, Its. 
 
 MOSSES. 
 
 HANDBOOK OF BRITISH MOSSES, containing all that 
 
 are known to be Natives of the British Isles. By the Rev. M. J. Bebkkley, 
 M.A., F.L.S. Demy 8vo, pp. 360, 24 Coloured Plates, 21«. 
 A very complete Manual, comprising characters of all the species, with the 
 circumstances of habitation of each; with special chapters on development and 
 structure, propagation, fructification, geographical diatiibution, uses, and modes 
 of collecting and preserving, followed by au extensive series of colouiid illnstra- 
 lions, in which the essential portions of (lie plant are repented, in every casi un 
 a magnified scale. 
 
12 L. REEVE AND CO.'S PCBLICATIOKS. 
 
 SEAWEEDS. 
 
 BEITISH SEAWEEDS ; an Introduction to the Study of 
 
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 S. 0. Ghay. Crown 8vo, Ss, ; with 1 6 Coloured Plates, drawn expressly 
 for the work by W. Fitch, Ws. 6d. 
 
 One of L. Reeve and Co.'s ' New Series,' briefly but accurately describing, 
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 Algse found on our coasts. 
 
 PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA; or. History of British 
 
 Seaweeds, containing Coloured Figures, Generic and Specific Characters, 
 Synonyms and Descriptions of all the Species of Ala;£e inhabiting tlie 
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 Edition. Koyal 8vo, 4 vols., 765 pp., 360 Coloured Plates, £7. Ws. 
 
 This work, originally published in 1851, is still the standard work on the 
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 being printed in their natural colours, finished by hand. 
 
 PHYCOLOGIA AUSTEALICA; a History of Australian 
 
 Seaweeds, comprising" Coloured Figures and Descriptions of the more cha- 
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 Australia and Western Australia, and a Synopsis of all known Australian 
 Algse. By Dr. Hakvey, F.R.S. Koyal Svo, 5 vols., 300 Coloured Plates, 
 &. 13i. 
 This beautiful work, the result of an arduous personal exploration of the 
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 most curious and remarkable forms. 
 
 NEREIS AUSTEALISj or. Algae of the Southern Ocean, 
 
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 the ' Phycologia Anstralica,' collected over a wider area. 
 
L. REEVE AND CO.'s PUBLICATIONS. 13 
 
 FUNGI. 
 
 OUTLINES OF BRITISH EUNGOLOGY, containing 
 
 Characters of above a Thousand Species of Fungi, and a Complete List of 
 
 all that have been described as Natives ot the British Isles. By the Rev. 
 
 M. J. Bkkkeley, M.A., F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 484 pp., 24 Coloured Plates, 
 
 30s. 
 Although entitled simply 'Outlines,' this is a good-sized volume, of nearly 500 
 pages, illustrated with more than 300 Figures of British Fungi, all carefully 
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 a complete list of the names of all the rest. 
 
 THE ESCULENT FUNGUSES OF ENGLAND. Con- 
 
 taining an Account of their Classical History, Uses, Characters, Develop- 
 ment, Structure, Nutritions Properties, Modes of Cooking and Preserving, 
 etc. By C. D. Badham, M.D. Second Edition. Edited by F. Cuekey, 
 F.R.S. Demy 8vo, 152 pp., 12 Coloured Plates, 12«. 
 
 A lively classical treatise, written with considerable epigrammatic humour, 
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 ignorance or prejudice, are left to perish ungathered. " I have indeed grieved," 
 says the Author, "when reflecting on the straitened condition of the lower 
 orders, to see pounds of extempore beefsteaks growing on our oaks, in the shape 
 of Fistulina kepaticaj Puff-balls, which some have not inaptly compared to 
 sweetbread ; Hydna, as good as oysters ; and Agaricus deliciosus, reminding us of 
 tender lamb-kidney." Superior coloured Figures of the Species are given from 
 the pencil of Mr. Fitch. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH MYCOLOGY, com- 
 
 prising Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty 
 indigenous to Britain. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. Royal 4to ; Krst Series, 
 90 Coloured Plates, £7. 'l2i. 6fl!.; Second Series, 50 Coloured Plates, 
 £4. IOj. 
 This beautifully-illustrated work is the production of a lady who, being an 
 accomplished artist, occupied the leisure of many years in accumulating a port- 
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 sudden decease. The Figures are mostly of the natural size, carefuUy coloured 
 by band. 
 
 CLAVIS AGARICINORUM : an Analytical Key to the, 
 
 British Agaricini, with Characters of the Genera and Subgenera. By 
 WoKTHiNGTON 6. Smith, F.L.S. Six Plates. 2s. &d. 
 
14 
 
 L. IIEEVE AND CO. S PTTBLIOATIONS. 
 
 SHELLS AND MOLLUSKS. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY; an Introduction to the 
 
 Natural History of Shells, and of the Animals which form them. By 
 
 I.ovBLL Reeve, F.L.S. Royal 8vo, 2 vols., 478 pp., 63 Coloured Plates, 
 
 £2. 16s. 
 
 Intended as a guide to the collector of shells in arranging and naming his 
 
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 six of the plates are devoted to the illustration of the genera of shells, and 
 
 sixteen to shells with the living animal, all beautifully coloured by hand. 
 
 CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA ; or, Figures and Descriptions 
 
 of the Shells of Mollusks, with remarks on their Affinities, Synonymy, and 
 Geographical Distribution. By Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. Demy 4to, pub. 
 lished monthly in Parts, 8 Plates, carefully coloui-ed by hand, 10s. 
 Of this work, comprising illustrations of Shells of the natural size, nearly 
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 cured of the publishers on application. The system of nomenclature adopted 
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 The habitat of the species is next given, accompanied, where possible, by par- 
 ticulars of soil, depth, or vegetation. Finally, a few general remarks are offered, 
 calling attention to the most obvious distinguishing peculiarities of the species, 
 with criticisms, when necessary, on the views of other writers. At the com- 
 mencement of the genus some notice is taken of the animal, and the habitats 
 of the species are worked up into a general summary of the geographical distri- 
 bution of the genus. 
 
 CONCHOLOGIA ICOIsriOA IBT MOWOGKAPHS. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 Plates. 
 33 
 
 £. «. 
 
 ... 1 9 
 
 
 6 
 
 .... 8 
 
 Adamsiella 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Akera 
 
 Akifhidesma 
 
 Amfullaeia 
 
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 7 .... 
 
 28 ... 
 
 .... 1 
 
 .... 9 
 
 1 15 
 
 Anastoma 
 
 AlTATIWA 
 
 Ancillahia 
 
 1 .... 
 
 4 .... 
 
 13 .... 
 
 6 
 
 .... 1 
 .... 5 
 .... lo 
 .... 8 
 
 Attgdon 
 
 37 
 
 8 .... 
 
 .... 2 7 
 .... 10 
 
 APLTJSTBUM 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ApLTSIA 
 
 Abca 
 
 Aegonauta 
 
 10 
 
 17 .... 
 
 4- .... 
 
 JO 
 
 .... 13 
 .... 1 1 
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 .... 13 
 
 ABPEBaif.LnM 
 
 Atys 
 
 Avioui-A 
 
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 BULIMUS 
 
 4. 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 89 
 
 .... 6 
 .... e 
 .... 1 3 
 .... 18 
 ... 5 12 
 
 Gensra. Plates. .<£. 
 
 Bulla 6 
 
 BULLIA 4 
 
 CAtYPTU.fflA 8 
 
 Gancellabia 18 1 
 
 Cafha 1 
 
 Caesblla 2 
 
 Cabdita 9 
 
 Caeditim 23 
 
 Caeinabia 1 
 
 Oassidabia 1 
 
 Cassis 12 
 
 Castalia 3 , 
 
 CBEITHinEA 4 , 
 
 Cebithium: 20 , 
 
 Chama 9 , 
 
 CHAMOaXBKA 1 , 
 
 CniTOii- i 33 
 
 CHITaiTBIitUS 1 , 
 
 Chondeopoma 11 , 
 
 ClBOB 10 . 
 
 COLUMBBLLA 37 . 
 
 C0IfCHCM:.KPA8 2 
 
 .016 
 .030 
 . 11 6 
 .18 
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 . 66 
 
 . 6 
 
 . 1 
 
 . 3 
 
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 ..0 6 
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 .. 1 14 
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 .. 1 
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 ..0 8 
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 .. 10 
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 „ 14 
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 .. 10 
 .. 1 14 
 .. 3 14 
 ..0 4 
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 .. 6 
 .. 1 
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 .. 3 7 
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 .. 1 17 
 .. 1 18 
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 6 
 6 
 
 
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 6 
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 6 
 
 6 
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 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 (jenera. 
 
 Watioella & Latia . 
 
 Nebita 
 
 PIstca. 
 .. 8 .... 
 ., 19 .... 
 .. 37 .... 
 
 . 1 .... 
 
 iC. f. 
 .... 10 
 .... 1 4 
 .... 3 7 
 .... 1 
 
 a. 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
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 6 
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 Nbeitibta 
 
 Niso 
 
 Cbassatella 
 
 Cbbkatoia 
 
 Crbfidula 
 
 Oeticibuhim 
 
 .. 30 .... 
 
 .. 1 .... 
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 . 14 .... 
 
 .. 11 .... 
 
 .. 3 .... 
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 .. 43 .... 
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 . 6 
 
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 CyOLOPHOEDS 
 
 Ctclostoma 
 
 Palupiha 
 
 Paludomus 
 
 
 Ctmbtum 
 
 CYPBiEA 
 
 .. 26 
 
 .. 37 
 
 . 3 
 
 Patella 
 
 Peotes 
 
 Pectunculus 
 
 Pedum 
 
 Ctphicabdia 
 
 Oythbbea ' 
 
 Dblphinola 
 
 . 10 
 
 .. 6 
 
 . 13 
 
 . 3 
 
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 . 6 .... 
 . 6 .... 
 .. 3 .... 
 
 34 
 
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 .... 8 
 .... 8 
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 Pebma 
 
 
 DOLABELLA 
 
 Dolabbifbba 
 
 
 PlWlTA 
 
 FiBENA 
 
 DOLIUM 
 
 DOHAX 
 
 Ebubita 
 
 .. 8 
 
 . 3 .... 
 . 3 .... 
 
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 .. 40 .... 
 
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 Pleueobeamohus .... 
 
 Ettliua 
 
 Fasoioiabia 
 
 PlCDIA 
 
 Fissubella 
 
 Fusus 
 
 Galatea 
 
 g-lauconoub 
 
 Halia 
 
 Haliotis 
 
 Haminea 
 
 Haepa 
 
 Helix 
 
 Hemipectek 
 
 Hemisinus 
 
 HlHHlTES 
 
 Hippopus 
 
 HrDATIWA 
 
 Hybia 
 
 Ianthina 
 
 lo 
 
 Iriditta 
 
 POTAMIDES 
 
 PsAMMOBIA 
 
 psammotella 
 
 Ptekoceba 
 
 Pteeooyolos 
 
 PUBPUBA 
 
 PTBAMIDliLLA 
 
 Pteazits 
 
 .. 1 .... 
 
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 BiciiruLA 
 
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 scaeabus 
 
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 . 6 .... 
 . 3 .... 
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 Sigabetus 
 
 
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 . 13 .... 
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 .... 1 4 
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 .... 1 
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 ....i 14 
 .... 1 
 
 .... 14 
 
 .... 4 
 
 .... 6 
 
 . 10 
 
 Spowdtlus 
 
 Stbombus 
 
 Stbuthiolabia 
 
 Lampavia 
 
 Leiostbaca 
 
 Lepiopoma 
 
 Telesoopiom 
 
 LlTHODOMUS 
 
 LiTTOEIlfA 
 
 LvcisjL 
 
 lutbabia 
 
 Mactba 
 
 Malleus 
 
 Mangelia 
 
 Mabginella 
 
 Melania' 
 
 
 Tekkbea 
 
 Teeebellum 
 
 Tebbbbatula & Eth 
 chonella 
 
 
 . 27 
 
 .. 69 
 
 .. 3 
 
 .. 3 
 
 , 3 
 
 .. 1 
 
 .. 4 
 
 .. 1 
 
 .. 39 
 
 .. 11 
 
 .. 4, 
 
 . 37 
 
 .. 1 
 
 . 4, 
 
 .. 1 
 
 . 11 
 
 .. 29 
 
 . 30 
 
 .. 6 
 
 Tbidacwa 
 
 Tbigoitia 
 
 Tbiton 
 
 .. 1 .... 
 . 20 .... 
 , 3 .... 
 . 16 .... 
 . 1 .... 
 . 1 .... 
 . IS .... 
 
 .... 1 
 .... 1 5 
 .... 4 
 .... 1 
 .... 1 
 .... 1 
 .... 16 
 
 Melatoma 
 
 Meboe 
 
 Mesalia & Eglisia 
 
 Mesodesma 
 
 Meta 
 
 MiTBA 
 
 
 Tbochus 
 
 Tugonia 
 
 Tubbinella 
 
 TUBBO 
 
 turbitella 
 
 Ttmpawotowos 
 
 Umbbella 
 
 .. 13 .... 
 
 . 11 .... 
 . 2 . 
 
 .... 16 
 .... U 
 ... 3 
 
 mosooeeos 
 
 Mubex 
 
 .. 1 .... 
 .. 96 .... 
 
 . 26 .... 
 
 . 6 .... 
 
 . 10 .... 
 
 . 33 .... 
 
 .... 1 
 .... 6 1 
 ... 1 IS 
 .... 6 
 .... 13 
 .... 1 8 
 
 
 
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 Mttilus 
 
 Veetagus 
 
 VlTRINA 
 
 VOLUTA 
 
 Vulsella 
 
 ZlZTPHINUS 
 
 
 . 3 .... 
 . 8 .... 
 
 .... 3 
 .... 10 
 
 Nautilus 
 
16 L. UEEVE AND CO.'s PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CONCHOLOGIA IN DIG A ; being Illustrations of the 
 
 Land and Freshwater Shells of British India. Edited by Sylvanus 
 
 Hanjley, P.L.S., and William Theobald, of the Geological Survey of 
 
 India. 4to, Part I. and II., each, with 20 Coloured Plates, 20*. 
 
 For want of a comprehensive book of reference, the land and freshwater 
 
 shells of British India are less known in Europe and America than those of 
 
 countries less frequented by travellers. To meet this acknowledged want, this 
 
 first attempt at a special conchology of our Indian empire has been essayed. 
 
 THE EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OE GEEAT BRITAIN AND 
 
 IRELAND, with the modes of cooking them. By M. S. Lovell. Crown 
 8vo, 5j. ; with 12 Coloured Plates, 8*. 6d. 
 
 INSECTS. 
 
 BEITISM INSECTS. A Eamiliar Description of the Eorm, 
 
 Strnclure, Habits, and Transformations of Insects. By E. F. Stavelet, 
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 cation of insects." — Preface. 
 
 BRITISH BEETLES; an Introduction to the Study of our 
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 BRITISH BEES ; an Introduction to the Study of the Na- 
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L. HEEVE AND CO.'s PUBLICATIONS. 17 
 
 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS ; an Introduc 
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 son, and Wood-Engravings, 10s. 6d. 
 
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 BRITISPI SPIDERS ; an Introduction to the Study of the 
 
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 CURTIS'S BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY. Illustrations and 
 
 Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found iu Great Britain and Ireland, 
 contaiuiug Coloured Figures, from nature, of the most rare and heautiful 
 species, and, in many instances, upon the plants on which they are found. 
 Royal 8vo, 8 vols., 770 Plates, coloured, £21. 
 
 Or in separate Monographs. 
 
 Orders. Plate 
 
 A-PHAiriPTEEA 2 
 
 coleoptbba s56 
 
 Dbbmafteba 1 
 
 DlOTTOPTMBA 1 
 
 DlPTBBA 103 
 
 -Hbmipteea 33 
 
 homopieba 31 
 
 £ >. 
 
 ii 
 
 Orders. 
 
 PlatnB. 
 
 ,«. 
 
 N 
 
 rf. 
 
 2 
 
 1) 
 
 Htmbwopteea 
 
 126 . 
 
 . 4 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 R n 
 
 n 
 
 Lefzdoptbba 
 
 193 . 
 
 . 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 NEnEOPIHIA 
 
 13 . 
 
 . 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 Omalopteea 
 
 6 . 
 
 . 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 R S 
 
 
 
 Oethopteea 
 
 6 . 
 
 . 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 Stebpsipteea 
 
 3 . 
 
 . 
 . 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 K 
 
 n u 
 
 Teichopteea 
 
 9 . 
 
 B 
 
 ' Curtis's Entomology,' which Cuvier pronounced to have " reached the ulti- 
 matum of perfection," is still the standard'work on the Genera of British In- 
 sects. The Figures executed by the author himself, with wonderful minuteness 
 and accuracy, have never been surpassed, even if equalled. The price at which 
 the work was originally published was £43. 16s. 
 
 INSECTA BRITANNICA ; Vol. III., Diptera. By Eeancis 
 Walkeb, F.L.S. 8vo, with 10 Plates, 25«. 
 
18 L. KEEVE AND CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ANTIQUARIAN. 
 
 SACRED ARCHAEOLOGY; a Popular Dictionary of Eccle- 
 
 siastical Art and Institutions, from Primitive to Modern Times. Compris- 
 ing Architecture, Music, Vestments, Furniture Arrangement, Offices, Cus- 
 toms, Ritual Symbolism, Ceremonial Traditions, Religious Orders, etc., of 
 the Chm-ch Catholic in all Ages. By Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, 
 B.D. Oxon., F.S.A., Prsecentor and Prebendary of Chichester Cathedral. 
 Demy 8vo, 18*. 
 
 Mr. "Walcott's ' Dictionary of Sacred Archseology' is designed to satisfy a great 
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