■oHJ •B 3^+- V, -3- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 093 604 670 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DATE DUE IN^&£ Nl^j li ' •,■:{■'" : --I-I, LUd II CAYLORO PRINTED IN U 5. A The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924093604670 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS EDITED BY Newton Bateman, LL.D. Paul Selby, A.M. AND HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY EDITED by Ben C. Allensworth VOLUME II. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO : MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY PUBLISHERS. 1905. F Tz, V,2~ /) Entered according to Act of Congress, in the years 1891, 1899 and 1900, by WILLIAM W. MUNSELL, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. ;03 Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois. STATE BANK OF ILLINOIS. The first legis- lation, having for its object the establishment of a bank within the territory which now consti- tutes the State of Illinois, was the passage, by the Territorial Legislature of 1816, of an act incor- porating the "Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, -with branches at Edwardsville and Kaskaskia." In the Second General Assembly of the State (1820) an act was passed, over the Governor's veto and in defiance of the adverse judgment of the Council of Revision, establishing a State Bank at Vandalia with branches at Shawneetown, Edwardsville, and Brownsville in Jackson County. This was, in effect, a rechartering of the banks at Shawneetown and Edwardsville. So far as the former is concerned, it seems to have been well managed ; but the official conduct of the officers of the latter, on the basis of charges made by Governor Edwards in 1820, was made the subject of a legislative investigation, which (although it resulted in nothing) seems to have had some basis of fact, in view of the losses finally sus- tained in winding up its affairs — that of the Gen- eral Government amounting to 154,000. Grave charges were made in this connection against men who were then, or afterwards became, prominent in State affairs, including one Justice of the Supreme Court and one (still later) a United States Senator. The experiment was dis- astrous, as, ten years later (1831), it was found necessary for the State to incur a debt of §100,000 to redeem the outstanding circulation. Influ- enced, however, by the popular demand for an increase in the "circulating medium," the State continued its experiment of becoming a stock- holder in banks managed by its citizens, and accordingly we find it, in 1835, legislating in the same direction for the establishing of a central "Bank of Illinois" at Springfield, with branches at other points as might be required, not to ex- ceed six in number. One of these branches was ■established at Vandalia and another at Chicago, furnishing the first banking institution of the latter city. Two years later, when the State was entering upon its scheme of internal improve- ment, laws were enacted increasing the capital, stock of these banks to $4,000,000 in the aggre- gate. Following the example of similar institu- tions elsewhere, they suspended specie payments a few months later, but were protected by "stay laws" and other devices until 1842, when, the internal improvement scheme having been finally abandoned, they tell in general collapse. The State ceased to be a stock-holder in 1843, and the banks were put in course of liquidation, though it required several years, to complete the work. STATE CAPITALS. The first State capital of Illinois was Kaskaskia, where the first Territorial Legislature convened, Nov. 25, 1812. At that time there were but five counties in the State — St. Clair and Randolph being the most important, and Kaskaskia being the county-seat of the latter. Illinois was admitted into the Union as a State in 1818, and the first Constitution provided that the seat of government should remain at Kaskaskia until removed by legislative enact- ment. That instrument, however, made it obli- gatory upon the Legislature, at its first session, to petition Congress for a grant of not more than four sections of land, on which should be erected a town, which should remain the seat of govern- ment for twenty years. The petition was duly presented and granted ; and, in accordance with the power granted, by the Constitution, a Board of five Commissioners selected the site of the present city of Vandalia, then a point in the wilderness, twenty miles north of, any settle ment. But so great was the faith of speculators in the future of the proposed city, that town lots were soon selling at $100 to §780 each. The Com- missioners, in obedience to law, erected a plain two-story frame building — scarcely more than a commodious shanty — to which the State offices were removed in December, 1820. This building 504 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. was burned, Dec. 9, 1823, and a brick structure erected in its place. Later, when the question of a second removal of the capital began to be agi- tated, the citizens of Vandalia assumed the risk of erecting a new, brick State House, costing $16,000. Of this amount $6,000 was reimbursed by the Governor from the contingent fund, and the balance (§10,000) was appropriated in 1837, when the seat of government was removed to Springfield, by vote of the Tenth General Assem- bly on the fourth ballot. The other places receiv- ing the principal vote at the time of the removal to Springfield, were Jacksonville, Vandalia, Peoria, Alton and Illiopolis — Springfield receiv- ing the largest vote at each ballot. The law removing the capital appropriated $50,000 from the State Treasury, provided that a like amount should be raised by private subscription and guaranteed by bond, and that at least two acres of land should be donated as a site. Two State Houses have been erected at Springfield, the first cost of the present one (including furnishing) having been a little in excess of $4,000,000. Abraham Lincoln, who was a member of the Legislature from Sangamon County at the time, was an influential factor in securing the removal of the capital to Springfield. STATE DEBT. The State debt, which proved so formidable a burden upon the State of Illinois for a generation, and, for » part of that period, seriously checked its prosperity, was the direct outgrowth of the internal improvement scheme entered upon in 1837. (See Internal Improvement Policy. ) At the time this enterprise was under- taken the aggregate debt of the State was less than $400,000 — accumulated within the preceding six years. Two years later (1838) it had increased to over $6,500,000, while the total valuation of real and personal property, for the purposes of taxation, was less than $60,000,000, and the aggre- gate receipts of the State treasury, for the same year, amounted to less than $150,000. At the same time, the disbursements, for the support of the State Government alone, had grown to more than twice the receipts. This disparity continued until the declining credit of the State forced upon the managers of public affairs an involuntary economy, when the means could no longer be secured for more lavish expenditures. The first bonds issued at the inception of the internal improvement scheme sold at a premium of 5 per cent, but rapidly declined until they were hawked in the markets of New York and London at a dis- count, in some cases falling into the hands of brokers who failed before completing their con- tracts, thus causing a direct loss to the State. If the internal improvement scheme was ill-advised, the time chosen to carry it into effect was most unfortunate, as it came simultaneously with the panic of 1837, rendering the disaster all the more complete. Of the various works undertaken by the State, only the Illinois & Michigan Canal brought a return, all the others resulting in more or less complete loss. The internal improvement scheme was abandoned in 1839-40, but not until State bonds exceeding $13,000,000 had been issued. For two years longer the State struggled with its embarrassments, increased by the failure of the State Bank in February, 1842, and, by that of the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, a few months later, with the proceeds of more than two and a half millions of the State's bonds in their possession. Thus left without credit, or means even of paying the accruing interest, there were those who regarded the State as hopelessly bank- rupt, and advocated repudiation as the only means of escape. Better counsels prevailed, how- ever ; the Constitution of 1848 put the State on a basis of strict economy in the matter of salaries and general expenditures, with restrictions upon the Legislature in reference to incurring in- debtedness, while the beneficent "two-mill tax" gave assurance to its creditors that its debts would be paid. While the growth of the State, in wealth and population, had previously been checked by the fear of excessive taxation, it now entered upon a new career of prosperity, in spite of its burdens— its increase in population, be- tween 1850 and 1860, amounting to over 100 per cent. The movement of the State debt after 1840 — when the internal improvement scheme was abandoned — chiefly by accretions of unpaid inter- est, has been estimated as follows: 1842, $15,- 637,950; 1844, $14,633,969; 1846, $16,389,817; 1848, $16,661,795. It reached its maximum in 1853 — the first year of Governor Matteson's administra- tion — when it was officially reported at $16,724,- 177. At this time the work of extinguishment began, and was prosecuted under successive administrations, except during the war, when the vast expense incurred in sending troops to the field caused an increase. During Governor Bissell's administration, the reduction amounted to over $3,000,000; during Oglesby's, to over five and a quarter million, besides two and a quarter million paid on interest. In 1880 the debt had been reduced to $281,059.11, and, before the close of 1882, it had been entirely extinguished, except a balance of $18,500 in bonds, which, having been called in years previously and never presented for ■■3 5" o o r r 1 *-< z Q i— i 05 03 3 W o g *fi p. K 3 > w ir 1 S. d £■ 55 a m crq < ' M CD M Z o K > r B 6. fcd B M a >3 3 pq W >4 the county-seat of Stark County, on the Peoria & Rock Island Railroad, 37 miles north- northwest of Peoria, and 11 miles southeast of Galva. Besides the county court-house, the town has five churches and a high school, an academy, steam granite works, two banks, and two weekly papers. Population (1880), 967; (1890), 945; (1900), 1,057. TOWER HILL, a village of Shelby County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Rail- roads, 7 miles east of Pana ; has bank, grain ele- vators, and coal mine. Pop. (1900), 615. T0WNSHE1VD, Richard W., lawyer and Con- gressman, was born in Prince George's County, Md., April 30, 1840. Between the ages of 10 and 18 he attended public and private schools at "Washington, D. C. In 1858 he came to Illinois, where he began teaching, at the same time reading law with S. S. Marshall, at Mc- Leansboro, where he was admitted to the bar 528 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. in 1862, and where he began practice. From 1863 to 1868 he was Circuit Clerk of Hamilton County, and, from 1868 to 1872, Prosecuting Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. In 1873 he removed to Shawneetown, where he became an officer of the Gallatin National Bank. From 1C64 to 1875 he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- tral Committee, and a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Baltimore, in 1872. For twelve years (1877 to 1889) he represented his District in Congress; was re-elected in 1888, but died, March 9, 1889, a few days after the beginning of his seventh term. TRACY, John M., artist, was born in Illinois about 1842 ; served in an Illinois regiment during the Civil War; studied painting in Paris in 1866-76 ; established himself as a portrait painter in St. Louis and, later, won a high reputation as a painter of animals, being regarded as an author- ity on the anatomy of the horse and the dog. Died, at Ocean Springs, Miss., March 20, 1893. TREASURERS. (See State Treasurers.) TREAT, Samuel Hubbel, lawyer and jurist, was born at Plainfield, Otsego County, N. Y., June 21, 1811, worked on his father's farm and studied law at Richfield, where he was admitted to practice. In 1834 he came to Springfield, 111. , traveling most of the way on foot. Here he formed a partnership with George Forquer, who had held the offices of Secretary of State and Attorney-General. In 1839 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, and, on the reorganization of the Supreme Court in 1841, was elevated to the Supreme bench, being acting Chief Justice at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. Having been elected to the Supreme bench under the new Constitution, he remained in office until March, 1855, when he resigned to take the posi- tion of Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois, to which he had been appointed by President Pierce. This position he continued to occupy until his death, •which occurred at Springfield, March 27, 1887. Judge Treat's judicial career was one of the long- est in the history of the State, covering a period of forty-eight years, of which fourteen were spent upon the Supreme bench, and thirty-two in the position of Judge of the United States Dis- trict Court. TREATIES. (See Greenville, Treaty of ; Indian Treaties. ) TREE, Lambert, jurist, diplomat and ex-Con- gressman, was born in Washington, D. G, Nov. 29, 1832, of an ancestry distinguished in the War of the Revolution. He received a superior clas- sical and professional education, and was admit- ted to the bar, at Washington, in October, 1855. Removing to Chicago soon afterward, his profes- sional career has been chiefly connected with that city. In 1864 he was chosen President of the Law Institute, and served as Judge of the # Circuit Court of Cook County, from 1870 to 1875, when he resigned. The three following years he spent in foreign travel, returning to Chicago in 1878. In that year, and again in 1880, he was the Democratic candidate for Congress from the Fourth Illinois District, but was defeated by his Republican opponent. In 1885 he was the candi- date of his party for United States Senator, but was defeated by John A. Logan, by one vote. In 1884 he was a member of the National Democratic Convention which first nominated Grover Cleve- land, and, in July, 1885, President Cleveland appointed him Minister to Belgium, conferring the Russian mission upon him in September, 1888. On March 3, 1889, he resigned this post and returned home. In 1890 he was appointed by President Harrison a Commissioner to the Inter- national Monetary Conference at Washington. The year before he had attended (although not as a delegate) the International Conference, at Brus- sels, looking to the suppression of the slave-trade, where he exerted all his influence on the side of humanity. In 1892 Belgium conferred upon him the distinction of "Councillor of Honor" upon its commission to the World's Columbian Exposi- tion. In 1896 Judge Tree was one of the most earnest opponents of the free-silver policy, and, after the Spanish- American War, a zealous advo- cate of the policy of retaining the territory acquired from Spain. TREMONT, a town of Tazewell County, on the Peoria Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 9 miles southeast of Pekin; has two banks, two telephone exchanges, and one newspaper. Pop. (1900), 768. TRENTON, a town of Clinton County, on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 31 miles east of St. Louis; in agricultural district; has creamery, milk condensery, two coal mines, six churches, a public school and one newspaper. Pop. (1890), 1,384; (1900), 1,706; (1904), about 2,000. TROT, a village of Madison County, on the Terre Haute & Indianapolis railroad, 21 miles northeast of St. Louis; has churches, a bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,080. TRUITT, James Madison, lawyer and soldier, a native of Trimble County, Ky., was born Feb. 13, 1842, but lived in Illinois since 1843, his father having settled near Carrollton that year; was HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 529 educated at Hillsboro and at McKendree College ; enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Volunteers in 1862, and was promoted from the ranks to Lieutenant. After the war he studied law with Jesse J. Phillips, now of the Supreme Court, and, in 1872, was elected to the Twenty -eighth General Assembly, and, in 1888, a Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket. Mr. Truitt has been twice a prominent but unsuc- cessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Attorney-General. His home is at Hillsboro, where he is engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. Died July 26, 1900. TRUMBULL, Lyman, statesman, was born at Colchester, Conn., Oct. 12, 1813, descended from a historical family, being a grand-nephew of Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, from whom the name "Brother Jonathan" was derived as an appellation for Americans. Having received an academic education in his native town, at the age of 16 he began teaching a district school near his home, went South four years later, and en- gaged in teaching at Greenville, Ga. Here he studied law with Judge Hiram Warner, after- wards of the Supreme Court, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. Leaving Georgia the same year, he came to Illinois on horseback, visiting Vandalia, Belleville, Jacksonville, Springfield, Tremont and La Salle, and finally reaching Chicago, then a village of four or five thousand inhabitants. At Jacksonville he obtained a license to practice from Judge Lockwood, and, after visiting Michi- gan and his native State, he settled at Belleville, which continued to be his home for twenty years. His entrance into public life began with his elec- tion as Representative in the General Assembly in 1840. This was followed, in February, 1841, by his appointment by Governor Carlin, Secre- tary of State, as the successor of Stephen A. Douglas, who, after holding the position only two months, had resigned to accept a seat on the Supreme bench. Here he remained two years, when he was removed by Governor Ford, March 4, 1843, but, five years later (1848), was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court, was re-elected in 1852, but resigned in 1853 on account of impaired health. A year later (1854) he was elected to Congress from the Belleville District as an anti- Nebraska Democrat, but, before taking his seat, was promoted to the United States Senate, as the successor of General Shields in the memorable con- test of 1855, which resulted in the defeat of Abra- ham Lincoln. Senator Trumbull's career of eighteen years in the United States Senate (being re-elected in 1861 and 1867) is one of the most memorable in the history of that body, covering, as it does, the whole history of the war for the Union, and the period of reconstruction which followed it. During this period, as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Judiciary, he had more to do in shaping legislation on war and recon- struction measures than any other single member of that body. While he disagreed with a large majority of his Republican associates on the ques- tion of Andrew Johnson's impeachment, he was always found in sympathy with them on the vital questions affecting the war and restoration of the Union. The Civil Rights Bill and Freedmen's Bureau Bills were shaped by his hand. In 1872 he joined in the "'Liberal Republican" movement and afterwards co-operated with the Democratic party, being their candidate for Governor in 1880. From 1863 his home was in Chicago, where, after retiring from the Senate, he con- tinued in the practice of his profession until his death, which occurred in that city, June 25, 1896. TUG MILLS. These were a sort of primitive machine used in grinding corn in Territorial and early State days. The mechanism consisted of an upright shaft, into the upper end of which were fastened bars, resembling those in the capstan of a ship. Into the outer end of each of these bars was driven a pin. A belt, made of a broad strip of ox-hide, twisted into a sort of rope, was stretched around these pins and wrapped twice around a circular piece of wood called a trundle head, through which passed a perpendicular flat bar of iron, which turned the mill- stone, usually about eighteen inches in diameter. From the upright shaft projected a beam, to which were hitched on6 or two horses, which furnished the motive power. Oxen were sometimes employed as motive power in lieu of horses. These rudi- mentary contrivances were capable of grinding about twelve bushels of corn, each, per day. TULET, Murray Floyd, lawyer and jurist, was born at Louisville, Ky. , March 4, 1827, of English extraction and descended from the early settlers of Virginia. His father died in 1832, and,- eleven years later, his mother, having married Col. Richard J. Hamilton, for many years a prominent lawyer of Chicago, removed with her family to that city. Young Tuley began reading law with his step-father and completed his studies at the Louisville Law Institute in 1847, the same year being admitted to the bar in Chicago. About the same time he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Volun- teers for service in the Mexican War, and was commissioned First Lieutenant. The war having ended, he settled at Santa Fe, N. M., where he 530 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. practiced law, also served as Attorney-General and in the Territorial Legislature. Returning to Chicago in 1854, he was associated in practice, successively, with Andrew Harvie, Judge Gary and J. N. Barker, and finally as head of the firm of Tuley, Stiles & Lewis. From 1869 to 1873 he was Corporation Counsel, and during this time framed the General Incorporation Act for Cities, under which the City of Chicago was reincor- porated. In 1879 he was elevated to the bench of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and re- elected every six years thereafter, his last election being in 1897. He is now serving his fourth term, some ten years of his incumbency having been spent in the capacity of Chief Justice. TUNNICLIFFE, Damon G., lawyer and jurist, was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., August 20, 1829; at the age of 20, emigrated to Illinois, set- tling in Vermont, Fulton County, where, for a time, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. In 1854 he established himself at Macomb, McDonbugh County, where he built up a large and lucrative practice. In 1868 he was chosen Presidential Elector on the Repub- lican ticket, and, from February to June, 1885, by appointment of Governor Oglesby, occupied a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, vice Pinkney H. Walker, deceased, who had been one of his first professional preceptors. TURCHIN, John Basil (Ivan Vasilevitch Tur- chinoff), soldier, engineer and author, was born in Russia, Jan. 30, 1822. He graduated from the artillery school at St. Petersburg, in 1841, and was commissioned ensign; participated in the Hungarian campaign of 1849, and, in 1852, was assigned to the staff of the Imperial Guards; served through the Crimean War, rising to the rank of Colonel, and being made senior staff officer of the active corps. In 1856 he came to this country, settling in Chicago, and, for five years, was in the service of the Illinois Central Railway Company as topographical engineer. In 1861 he was commissioned Colonel of the Nine- teenth Illinois Volunteers, and, after leading his regiment in Missouri, Kentucky and Alabama, was, on July 7, 1862, promoted to a Brigadier- Generalship, being attached to the Army of the Cumberland until 1864, when he resigned. After the war he was, for six years, solicitor of patents at Chicago, but, in 1873, returned to engineering. In 1879 he established a Polish colony at Radom, in Washington County, in this State, and settled as a farmer. He is an occasional contributor to the press, writing usually on military or scientific subjects, and is the author of the "Campaign and Battle of Chickamauga" (Chicago, 1888). TURNER (now WEST CHICAGO), a town and manufacturing center in Winfield Township, JDu Page County, 30 miles west of Chicago, at the junction of two divisions of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the Chicago & Northwestern Railroads. The town has a rolling mill, manufactories of wagons and pumps, and railroad repair shops. It also has five churches, a graded school, and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 1,877; with suburb, 2,270. TURNER, (Col.) Henry L., soldier and real- estate operator, was born at Oberlin, Ohio, August 26, 1845, and received a part of his edu- cation in the college there. During the Civil War he served as First Lieutenant in the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteers, and later, with the same rank in a colored regiment, taking part in the operations about Richmond, the capture of Fort Fisher, of Wilmington and of Gen. Joe Johnston's army. Coming to Chi- cago after the close of the war, he became con- nected with the business office of "The Advance," but later was employed in the banking house of Jay Cooke & Co. , in Philadelphia. On the failure of that concern, in 1872, he returned to Chicago and bought "The Advance, " which he conducted some two years, when he sold out and engaged in the real estate business, with which he has since been identified — being President of the Chicago Real Estate Board in 1888. He has also been President of the Western Publishing Company and a Trustee of Oberlin College. Colonel Turner is an enthusiastic member of the Illinois National Guard and, on the declaration of war between the United States and Spain, in April, 1898, promptly resumed his connection with the First Regiment of the Guard, and finally led it to Santiago de Cuba during the fighting there— his regiment being the only one from Illinois to see actual serv- ice in the field during the progress of the war. Colonel Turner won the admiration of his com- mand and the entire nation by the manner in which he discharged his duty. The regiment was mustered out at Chicago, Nov. 17, 1898, when he retired to private life. TURNER, John Bice, Railway President, was born at Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y., Jan. 14, 1799; after a brief business career in his native State, he became identified with the con- struction and operation of railroads. Among the works with which he was thus connected, were the Delaware Division of the New York & Erie and the Troy & Schenectady Roads. In 1843 he HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 531 came to Chicago, having previously purchased a large body of land at Blue Island. In 1847 he joined with W. B. Ogden arid others, in resusci- tating the Galena & Chicago Union Railway, which had been incorporated in 1836. He became President of the Company in 1850, and assisted in constructing various sections of road in Northern Illinois and Wisconsin, which have since become portions of the Chicago & Northwestern system. He was also one of the original Directors of the North Side Street Railway Company, organized in 1859. Died, Feb. 26, 1871. TURNER, Jonathan Baldwin, educator and agriculturist, was born in Templeton, Mass., Dec. 7, 1805 ; grew up on a farm and, before reaching his majority, began teaching in a country school. After spending a short time in an academy at Salem, in 1827 he entered the preparatory depart- ment of Yale College, supporting himself, in part, by manual labor and teaching in a gymnasium. In 1829 he matriculated in the classical depart- ment at Yale, graduated in 1833, and the same year accepted a position as tutor in Illinois Col- lege at Jacksonville, 111., which had been opened, three years previous, by the late Dr. J. M. Sturte- vant. In the next fourteen years he gave in- struction in nearly every branch embraced in the college curriculum, though holding, during most of this period, the chair of Rhetoric and English Literature. In 1847 he retired from college duties to give attention to scientific agriculture, in which he had always manifested asleep inter- est. The cultivation and sale of the Osage orange as a hedge plant now occupied his attention for many years, and its successful introduction in Illinois and other Western States — where the absence of timber rendered some substitute a necessity for fencing purposes — was largely due to his efforts. At the same time he took a deep interest in the cause of practical scientific edu- cation for the industrial classes, and, about 1850, began formulating that system of industrial edu- cation which, after twelve years of labor and agitation, he had the satisfaction of .seeing recognized in the act adopted by Congress, "and approved by President Lincoln, in July, 1862, making liberal donations of public lands for the establishment of "Industrial Colleges" in the several States, out of which grew the University of Illinois at Champaign. While Professor Tur- ner had zealous colaborers in this field, in Illinois and elsewhere, to him, more than to any other single man in the Nation, belongs the credit for this magnificent achievement. (See Education, and University of Illinois.) He was also one of the chief factors in founding and building up the Illinois State Teachers' Association, and the State Agricultural and Horticultural Societies. His address on "The Millennium of Labor," delivered at. the first State Agricultural Fair at Springfield, in 1853, is still remembered as mark- ing an era in industrial progress in Illinois. A zealous champion of free thought, in both political and religious affairs, he long bore the reproach which attached to the radical Abolitionist, only to enjoy, in later years, the respect universally accorded to those who had the courage and independence to avow their honest convictions. Prof. Turner was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Congress — once as a Republican and once as an "Independent" — and wrote much on political, religious and educational topics. The evening of an honored and useful life was spent among friends in Jacksonville, which was his home for more than sixty years, his death taking place in that city, Jan. 10, 1899, at the advanced age of 93 years.— Mrs. Mary Turner Carriel, at the pres- ent time (1899) one of the Trustees of the Univer- sity of Illinois, is Prof. Turner's only daughter. TURNER, Thomas J., lawyer and Congress- man, born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 1815. Leaving home at the age of 18, he spent three years in Indiana and in the mining dis- tricts about Galena and in Southern Wisconsin, locating in Stephenson County, in 1836, where he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and elected Probate Judge in 1841. Soon afterwards Gov- ernor Ford appointed him Prosecuting Attorney, in which capacity he secured the conviction and punishment of the murderers of Colonel Daven- port. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat, and, the following year, founded "The Prairie Democrat" (afterward "The Freeport Bulletin"), the first newspaper published in the county. Elected to the Legislature in 1854, he was chosen Speaker of the House, the next year becoming the first Mayor of Freeport. He was a member of the Peace Conference of 1861, and, in May of that year, was commissioned, by Governor Yates, Colonel of the Fifteenth Illinois Volun- teers, but resigned in 1862. He served as a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, and, in 1871, was again elected to the Legisla- ture, where he received the Democratic caucus nomination for United States Senator against General Logan. In 1871 he removed to Chicago, and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for the office of State's Attorney. In February, 1874, he. went to Hot Springs, Ark. , for medical treatment,, and died there, April 3 following. 532 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. TUSCOLA, a city and the county-seat of Douglas County, located at the intersection of the Illinois Central and two other trunk lines of rail- way, 22 miles south of Champaign, and 36 miles east of Decatur. Besides a brick court-house it has five churches, a graded school, a national bank, two weekly newspapers and two establish- ments for the manufacture of carriages and wagons. Population (1880), 1,457; (1890), 1,897; (1900), 2,569. TUSCOLA, CHARLESTON & VINCENNES RAILROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad. ) TUTHILL, Richard Stanley, jurist, was born at Vergennes, Jackson County, 111., Nov. 10, 1841. After passing through the common schools of his native county, he took a preparatory course in a high school at St. Louis and in Illinois College, Jacksonville, when he entered Middlebury Col- lege, Vt., graduating there in 1863. Immediately thereafter he joined the Federal army at Vicks- burg, and, after serving for some time in a com- pany of scouts attached to General Logan's command, was commissioned a Lieutenant in the First Michigan Light Artillery, with which he served until the close of the war, meanwhile being twice promoted. During this time he was with Genei - al Sherman in the march to Meridian, and in the Atlanta campaign, also took part with General Thomas in the operations against the rebel General Hood in Tennessee, and in the battle of Nashville. Having resigned his com- mission in May, 1865, he took up the study of law, which he had prosecuted as he had opportu- nity while in the army, and was admitted to the bar at Nashville in 1866, afterwards serving for a time as Prosecuting Attorney on the Nashville circuit. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, two years later was elected City Attorney and re- elected in 1877 ; was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880 and, in 1884, was appointed United States District Attorney for the Northern District, serving until 1886. In 1887 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Rogers, was re-elected for a full term in 1891, and again in 1897. TYNDALE, Sharon, Secretary of State, born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1816; at the age of 17 came to Belleville, 111., and was engaged for a time in mercantile business, later being employed in a surveyor's corps under the internal improve- ment system of 1837. Having married in 1839, he returned soon after to Philadelphia, where he engaged in mercantile business with his father ; then came to Illinois, a second time, in 1845, spend- ing a year or two in business at Peoria. About 1847 he returned to Belleville and entered upon a course of mathematical study, with a view to fitting himself more thoroughly for the profession of a civil engineer. In 1851 he graduated in engineering at Cambridge, Mass. , after which he was employed for a time on the Sunbury & Erie Railroad, and later on certain Illinois railroads. In 1857 he was elected County Surveyor of St. Clair County, and, in 1861, by appointment of President Lincoln, became Postmaster of the city of Belleville. He held this position until 1864, when he received the Republican nomination for Secretary of State and was elected, remaining in office four years. He was an earnest advocate, and virtually author, of the first act for the regis- tration of voters in Illinois, passed at the session of 1865. After retiring from office in 1869, he continued to reside in Springfield, and was em- ployed for a time in the survey of the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Railway — now the Spring- field Division of the Illinois Central. At an early hour on the morning of April 29, 1871, while going from his home to the railroad station at Springfield, to take the train for St. Louis, he was assassinated upon the street by shooting, as sup- posed for the purpose of robbery — his dead body being found a few hours later at the scene of the tragedy. Mr. Tyndale was a brother of Gen. Hector Tyndale of Pennsylvania, who won a high reputation by his services during the war. His second wife, who survived him, was a daughter of Shadrach Penn, an editor of con- siderable reputation who was the contemporary and rival of George D. Prentice at Louisville, for some years. "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD," THE. A history of Illinois would be incomplete without reference to the unique system which existed there, as in other Northern States, from forty to seventy years ago, known by the somewhat mys- terious title of "The Underground Railroad." The origin of the term has been traced (probably in a spirit of facetiousness) to the expression of a Kentucky planter who, having pursued a fugi- tive slave across the Ohio River, was so surprised by his sudden disappearance, as soon as he had reached the opposite shore, that he was led to remark, "The nigger must have gone off on an underground road." From "underground road" to "underground railroad," the transition would appear to have been easy, especially in view of the increased facility with which the work was performed when railroads came into use. For HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 533 readers of the present generation, it may be well to explain what "The Underground Railroad" really was. It may be denned as the figurative appellation for a spontaneous movement in the free States — extending, sometimes, into the slave States themselves — to assist slaves in their efforts to escape from bondage to freedom. The movement dates back to a period close to the Revolutionary War, long before it received a definite name. Assistance given to fugitives from one State by citizens of another, became a cause of complaint almost as soon as the Govern- ment was organized. In fact, the first President himself lost a slave who took refuge at Ports- mouth, N. H., where the public sentiment was so strong against his return, that the patriotic and philosophic "Father of his Country" chose to let him remain unmolested, rather than "excite a mob or riot, or even uneasy sensations, in the minds of well-disposed citizens. " That the mat- ter was already one of concern in the minds of slaveholders, is shown by the fact that a provision was inserted in the Constitution for their concili- ation, guaranteeing the return of fugitives from labor, as well as from justice, from one State to another. In 1793 Congress passed the first Fugitive Slave Law, which was signed by President Washing- ton. This law provided that the owner, his agent or attorney, might follow the slave into any State or Territory, and, upon oath or affi- davit before a court or magistrate, be entitled to a warrant for his return. Any person who should hinder the arrest of the fugitive, or who should harbor, aid or assist him, knowing him to be such, was subject to a fine of $500 for each offense. — In 1850, fifty-seven years later, the first act having proved inefficacious, or conditions having changed, a second and more stringent law was enacted. This is the one usually referred to in discussions of the subject. It provided for an increased fine, not to exceed §1,000, and im- prisonment not exceeding six months, with liability for civil damages to the party injured. No proof of ownership was required beyond the statement of a claimant, and the accused was not permitted to testify for himself. The fee of the United States Commissioner, before whom the case was tried, was ten dollars if he found for the claimant; if not, five dollars. This seemed to many an indirect form of bribery ; clearly, it made it to the Judge's pecuniary advantage to decide in favor of the claimant. The law made it possible and easy for a white man to arrest, and carry into slavery, any free negro who could not immediately prove, by other witnesses, that he was born free, or had purchased his freedom. Instead of discouraging the disposition, on the part of the opponents of slavery, to aid fugi- tives in their efforts to reach a region where they would be secure in their freedom, the effect of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 (as that of 1793 had been in a smaller degree) was the very oppo- site of that intended by its authors — unless, indeed, they meant to make matters worse. The provisions of the act seemed, to many people, so unfair, so one-sided, that they rebelled in spirit and refused to be made parties to its enforce- ment. The law aroused the anti-slavery senti- ment of the North, and stimulated the active friends of the fugitives to take greater risks in their behalf. New efforts on the part of the slaveholders were met by a determination to evade, hinder and nullify the law. And here a strange anomaly is presented. The slaveholder, in attempting to recover his slave, was acting within his constitutional and legal rights. The slave was his property in law. He had purchased or inherited his bondman on the same plane with his horse or his land, and, apart from the right to hold a human being in bond- age, regarded his legal rights to the one as good as the other. From a legal standpoint his posi- tion was impregnable. The slave was his, repre- senting so much of money value, and whoever was instrumental in the loss of that slave was, both theoretically and technically, a partner in robbery. Therefore he looked on "The Under- ground Railway" as the work of thieves, and en- tertained bitter hatred toward all concerned in its operation. On the other hand, men who were, in all other respects, good citizens — often relig- iously devout and pillars of the church — became bold and flagrant violators of the law in relation to this sort of property. They set at nought a plain provision of the Constitution and the act of Congress for its enforcement. Without hope of personal gain or reward, at the risk of fine and imprisonment, with the certainty of social ostra- cism and bitter opposition, they harbored the fugitive and helped him forward on every occasion. And why? Because they saw in him a man, with the same inherent right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" that they themselves possessed. To them this was a higher law than any Legislature, State or National, could enact. They denied that there could be truly such a thing as property in man. Believing that the law violated human rights, they justified themselves in rendering it null and void. 534 HISTOBICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. For the most part, the "Underground Rail- road" operators and promoters were plain, obscure men, without hope of fame or desire for notoriety. Yet there were some whose names are conspicuous in history, such as Wendell Phillips, Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Theodore Parker of Massachusetts ; Gerrit Smith and Thurlow Weed of New York; Joshua R. Giddings of Ohio, and Owen Lovejoy of Illinois. These had their followers and sympathizers in all the Northern States, and even in some por- tions of the South. It is a curious fact, that some of the most active spirits connected with the "Underground Railroad" were natives of the South, or had resided there long enough to become thoroughly acquainted with the "insti- tution.'' Levi Coffin, who had the reputation of being the "President of the Underground Rail- road" — at least so far as the region west of the Ohio was concerned — was an active operator on the line in North Carolina before his removal from that State to Indiana in 1826. Indeed, as a system, it is claimed to have had its origin at Guilford College, in the "Old North State" in 1819, though the evidence of this may not be conclusive. Owing to the peculiar nature of their business, no official reports were made, no lists of officers, conductors, station agents or operators preserved, and few records kept which are now accessible. Consequently, we are dependent chiefly upon the personal recollection of individual operators for a history of their transactions. Each station on the road was the house of a "friend" and it is significant, in this connection, that in every settlement of Friends, or Quakers, there was sure to be a house of refuge for the slave. For this reason it was, perhaps, that one of the most frequently traveled lines extended from Vir- ginia and Maryland through Eastern Pennsyl- vania, and then on towards New York or directly to Canada. From the proximity of Ohio to Virginia and Kentucky, and the fact that it offered the shortest route through free soil to Canada, it was traversed by more lines than any other State, although Indiana was pretty thoroughly "grid-ironed" by roads to freedom. In all, however, the routes were irregular, often zigzag, for purposes of security, and the "con- ductor" was any one who conveyed fugitives from one station to another The "train" was some- times a farm-wagon, loaded with produce for market at some town (or depot) on the line, fre- quently a closed carriage, and it is related that once, in Ohio, a number of carriages conveying a large party, were made to represent a funeral procession. Occasionally the train ran on foot, for convenience of side-tracking into the woods or a cornfield, in case of pursuit by a wild loco- motive. Then, again, there were not wanting lawyers, who, in case the operator, conductor or station agent got into trouble, were ready, without fee or reward, to defend either him or his human freight in the courts. These included such names of national repute as Salmon P. Chase, Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, William H. Seward, Rutherford B. Hayes, Richard H. Dana, and Isaac N. Arnold, while, taking the whole country over, their "name was legion." And there were a few men of wealth, like Thomas Garrett of Delaware, willing to contribute money by thousands to their assistance. Although technically acting in violation of law — or, as claimed by themselves, in obedience to a "higher law" — the time has already come when there is a disposition to look upon the actors as, in a certain sense, heroes, and their deeds as fitly belonging to the field of romance. The most comprehensive collection of material relating to the history of this movement has been furnished in a recent volume entitled, "The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Free- dom," by Prof. Wilbur H. Siebert, of Ohio State University ; and, while it is not wholly free from errors, both as to individual names and facts, it will probably remain as the best compilation of history bearing on this subject — especially as the principal actors are fast passing away. One of the interesting features of Prof. Siebert's book is a map purporting to give the principal routes and stations in the States northwest of the Ohio, yet the accuracy of this, as well as the correct- ness of personal names given, has been questioned by some best informed on the subject. As might be expected from its geographical position between two slave States — Kentucky and Mis- souri — on the one hand, and the lakes offering a highway to Canada on the other, it is naturally to be assumed that Illinois would be an attract- ive field, both for the fugitive and his sympa- thizer. The period of greatest activity of the system in this State was between 1840 and 1861 — the latter being the year when the pro-slavery party in the South, by their attempt forcibly to dissolve the Union, took the business out of the hands of the secret agents of the "Underground Railroad," and — in a certain sense — placed it in the hands of the Union armies. It was in 1841 that Abra- HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 535 ham Lincoln — then a conservative opponent of the extension of slavery— on an appeal from a judgment, rendered by the Circuit Court in Taze- well County, in favor of the holder of a note given for the service of the indentured slave- girl "Nance," obtained a decision from the Supreme Court of Illinois upholding the doctrine that the girl was free under the Ordinance of 1787 and the State Constitution, and that the note, given to the person who claimed to be her ■owner, was void. And it is a somewhat curious coincidence that the same Abraham Lincoln, as President of the United States, in the second year of the War of the Rebellion, issued the Proclamation of Emancipation which finally resulted in striking the shackles from the limbs of every slave in the Union. In the practical operation of aiding fugitives in Illinois, it was natural that the towns along the border upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, should have served as a sort of entrepots, or initial stations, for the reception of this class of freight — especially if adjacent to some anti- slavery community. This was the case at Ches- ter, from which access was easy to Sparta, where a colony of Covenanters, or Seceders, was located, and whence a route extended, by way of ■Oakdale, Nashville and Centralia, in the direction •of Chicago. Alton offered convenient access to Bond County, where there was a community of anti-slavery people at an early day, or the fugi- tives could be forwarded northward by way of Jerseyville, Waverly and Jacksonville, about each of which there was a strong anti-slavery sentiment. Quincy, in spite of an intense hos- tility among the mass of the community to any- thing savoring of abolitionism, became the theater of great activity on the part of the opponents of the institution, especially after the advent there of Dr. David Nelson and Dr. Rich- ard Eells, both of whom had rendered themselves obnoxious to the people of Missouri by extending aid to fugitives. The former was a practical .abolitionist who, having freed his slaves in his native State of Virginia, removed to Missouri and attempted to establish Marion College, a few miles from Palmyra, but was soon driven to Illinois. Locating near Quincy, he founded the ' 'Mission Institute" there, at which he continued to dis- seminate his anti-slavery views, while educating young men for missionary work. The "Insti- tute" was finally burned by emissaries from Mis- souri, while three young men who had been •connected with it, having been caught in Mis- souri, were condemned to twelve years' confine- ment in the penitentiary of that State — partly on the testimony of a negro, although a negro was not then a legal witness in the courts against a white man. Dr. Eells was prosecuted before Stephen A. Douglas (then a Judge of the Circuit Court), and fined for aiding a fugitive to escape, and the judgment against him was finally con- firmed by the Supreme Court after his death, in 1852, ten years after the original indictment. A map in Professor Siebert's book, showing the routes and principal stations of the "Undergound Railroad," makes mention of the following places in Illinois, in addition to those ahead}' referred to: Carlinville, in Macoupin County; Payson and Mendon, in Adams; Washington, in Taze- well ; Metamora, in Woodford ; Magnolia, in Put- nam; Oalesburg, in Knox; Princeton (the home of Owen Lovejoy and the Bryants), in Bureau; and many more. Ottawa appears to have been the meeting point of a number of lines, as well as the home of a strong colony of practical abo- litionists. Cairo also became an important transfer station for fugitives arriving by river, after the completion of the Illinois Central Rail- road, especially as it offered the speediest way of reaching Chicago, towards which nearly all the lines converged. It was here that the fugitives could be most safely disposed of by placing them upon vessels, which, without stopping at inter- mediate ports, could soon land them on Canadian soil. As to methods, these differed according to cir- cumstances, the emergencies of the occasion, or the taste, convenience or resources of the oper- ator. Deacon Levi Morse, of Woodford County, near Metamora, had a route towards Magnolia, Putnam County; and his favorite "car" was a farm wagon in which there was a double bottom. The passengers were snugly placed below, and grain sacks, filled with bran or other light material, were laid over, so that the whole presented the appearance of an ordinary load of grain on its way to market. The same was true as to stations and routes. One, who was an operator, says: "Wherever an abolitionist happened on a fugi- tive, or the converse, there was a station, for the time, and the route was to the next anti-slavery man to the east or the north. As a general rule, the agent preferred not to know anything beyond the operation of his own immediate section of the road. If he knew nothing about the operations of another, and the other knew nothing of his, they could not be witnesses in court. We have it on the authority of Judge Harvey B. Hurd, of Chicago, that runaways were usually 536 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. forwarded from that city to Canada by way of the Lakes, there being several steamers available for that purpose. On one occasion thirteen were put aboard a vessel under the eyes of a United States Marshal and his deputies. The fugitives, secreted in a woodshed, one by one took the places of colored stevedores carrying wood aboard the ship. Possibly the term, "There's a nigger in the woodpile," may have originated in this incident. Thirteen was an "unlucky num- ber" in this instance — for the masters. Among the notable trials for assisting runaways in violation of the Fugitive Slave Law, in addi- tion to the case of Dr. Eells, already mentioned, were those of Owen Lovejoy of Princeton, and Deacon Cushing of Will County, both of whom were defended by Judge James Collins of Chi- cago. John Hossack and Dr. Joseph Stout of Ottawa, with some half-dozen of their neighbors and friends, were tried at Ottawa, in 1859, for assisting a fugitive and acquitted on a techni- cality. A strong array of attorneys, afterwards widely known through the northern part of the State, appeared for the defense, including Isaac N. Arnold, Joseph Knox, B. C. Cook, J. V. Eus- tace, Edward S. Leland and E. C. Lamed. Joseph T. Morse, of Woodford County, was also arrested, taken to Peoria and committed to jail, but acquitted on trial. Another noteworthy case was that of Dr. Samuel Willard (now of Chicago) and his father, Julius A. Willard, charged with assisting in the escape of a fugitive at Jacksonville, in 1843,, when the Doctor was a student in Illinois College. "The National Corporation Reporter," a few years ago, gave an account of this affair, together with a letter from Dr. Willard, in which he states that, after protracted litigation, during which the case was carried to the Supreme Court, it was ended by his pleading guilty before Judge Samuel D. Lockwood, when he was fined one dollar and costs — the latter amounting to twenty dollars. The Doctor frankly adds: "My father, as well as myself, helped many fugitives afterwards." It did not always happen, however, that offenders escaped so easily. Judge Harvey B. Hurd, already referred to, and an active anti-slavery man in the days of the Fugitive Slave Law, relates the following : Once, when the trial of a fugitive was going on before Justice Kercheval, in a room on the second floor of a two-story frame building on Clark Street in the city of Chicago, the crowd in attendance filled the room, the stairway and the adjoining sidewalk. In some way the prisoner got mixed in with the audience, and passed down over the heads of those on the stairs, where the officers were unable to follow. In another case, tried before United States Commissioner Geo. W. Meeker, the result was made to hinge upon a point in the indictment to the effect that the fugitive was "copper-colored." The Commissioner, as the story goes, being in- clined to favor public sentiment, called for a large copper cent, that he might make comparison. The decision was, that the prisoner was "off color," so to speak, and he was hustled out of the room before the officers could re-arrest him, as they had been instructed to do. Dr. Samuel Willard, in a review of Professor Siebert's book, published in "The Dial" of Chi cago, makes mention of Henry Irving and Will- iam Chauncey Carter as among his active allies at Jacksonville, with Rev. Bilious Pond and Deacon Lyman of Farmington (near the present village of Farmingdale in Sangamon County), Luther Ransom of Springfield, Andrew Borders of Randolph County, Joseph Gerrish of Jersey and William T. Allan of Henry, as their coadju- tors in other parts of the State. Other active agents or promoters, in the same field, included such names as Dr. Charles V. Dyer, Philo Carpen- ter, Calvin De Wolf, L. C. P. Freer, Zebina East- man, James H. Collins, Harvey B. Hurd, J. Young Scammon, Col. J. F. Farnsworth and others of Chicago, whose names have already been men- tioned; Rev. Asa Turner, Deacon Ballard, J. K. Van Dorn and Erastus Benton, of Quincy and Adams County, President Rufus Blanchard of Knox College, Galesburg ; John Leeper of Bond ; the late Prof. J. B. Turner and Elihu Wolcott of Jacksonville; Capt. Parker Morse and his four sons — Joseph T., Levi P., Parker, Jr., and Mark — of Woodford County ; Rev. William Sloane of Randolph ; William Strawn of La Salle, besides a host who were willing to aid their fellow men in their aspirations to freedom, without advertising their own exploits. Among the incidents of "Underground Rail- road" in Illinois is one which had some importance politically, having for its climax a dramatic scene in Congress, but of which, so far as known, no full account has ever been written. About 1855, Ephraim Lombard, a Mississippi planter, but a New Englander by birth, purchased a large body of prairie land in the northeastern part of Stark County, and, taking up his residence temporarily in the village of Bradford, began its improve- ment. He had brought with him from Mississippi a negro, gray-haired and bent with age, a slave HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 537 of probably no great value. "Old Mose, " as he was called, soon came to be well known and a favorite in the neighborhood. Lombard boldly- stated that he had brought him there as a slave ; that, by virtue of the Dred Scott decision (then of recent date), he had a constitutional right to take his slaves wherever he pleased, and that "Old Mose - ' was just as much his property in Illinois as in Mississippi. It soon became evident to some, that his bringing of the negro to Illinois was an experiment to test the law and the feel- ings of the Northern people. This being the case, a shrewd play would have been to let him have his way till other slaves should have been brought to stock the new plantation. But this was too slow a process for the abolitionists, to whom the holding of a slave in the free State of Illinois appeared an unbearable outrage. It was feared that he might take the old negro back to Mississippi and fail to bring any others. It was reported, also, that "Old Mose" was ill-treated; that he was given only the coarsest food in a back shed, as if he were a horse or a dog, instead of being permitted to eat at table with the family. The prairie citizen of that time was very par- ticular upon this point of etiquette. The hired man or woman, debarred from the table of his or her employer, would not have remained a day. A quiet consultation with "Old Mose" revealed the fact that he would hail the gift of freedom joyously. Accordingly, one Peter Risedorf, and another equally daring, met him by the light of the stars and, before morning, he was placed in the care of Owen Lovejoy, at Princeton, twenty miles away. From there he was speedily "franked" by the member of Congress to friends in Canada. There was a great commotion in Bradford over the ' 'stealing' ' of " Old Mose. ' ' Lombard and his friends denounced the act in terms bitter and profane, and threatened vengeance upon the per- petrators. The conductors were known only to a few, and they kept their secret well. Lovejoy's part in the affair, however, soon leaked out. Lombard returned to Mississippi, where he related his experiences to Mr. Singleton, the Representative in Congress from his district. During the next session of Congress, Singleton took occasion, in a speech, to sneer at Lovejoy as a "nigger-stealer," citing the case of "Old Mose." Mr. Lovejoy replied in his usual fervid and dramatic style, making a speech which ensured his election to Congress for life— "Is it desired to call attention to this fact of my assisting fugitive slaves?" he said. "Owen Lovejoy lives at Prince- ton, 111., three-quarters of a mile east of the village, and he aids every slave that comes to his door and asks it. Thou invisible Demon of Slavery, dost thou think to cross my humble threshold and forbid me to give bread to the hungry and shelter to the homeless? I bid you defiance, in the name of my God I" With another incident of an amusing charac- ter this article may be closed: Hon. J. Young Scammon, of Chicago, being accused of conniving at the escape of a slave from officers of the law, was asked by the court what he would do if sum- moned as one of a posse to pursue and capture a fugitive. ' T would certainly obey the summons, ' ' he replied, "but — I should probably stub my toe and fall down before I reached him." Note.— Those who wish to pursue the subject ol the " Underground Railroad " in Illinois further, are referred to the work of Dr. Siehert, already mentioned, and to the various County Histories which have been issued and may be found in the public libraries; also for interesting inci- dents, to "Reminiscences of Levi Coffin," Johnson's "From Dixie to Canada," Petit's Sketches, "Still, Under- ground Railroad," and a pamphlet of the same title by James H. Fairchild, ex-President of Oberlin College. UNDERWOOD, William H., lawyer, legislator and jurist, was born at Schoharie Court House, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1818, and, after admission to the bar, removed to Belleville, 111., where he began practice in 1840. The following year he was elected State's Attorney, and re-elected in 1843. In 1846 he was chosen a member of the lower house of the General Assembly, and, in 1848-54, sat as Judge of the Second Circuit. During this period he declined a nomination to Congress, although equivalent to an election. In 1856 he was elected State Senator, and re-elected in 1860. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1869-70, and, in 1870, was again elected to the Senate, retiring to private life in 1872. Died, Sept. 23, 1875. UNION COUNTY, one of the fifteen counties into which Illinois was divided at the time of its admission as a State — having been organized, under the Territorial Government, in January, 1818. It is situated in the southern division of the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi River, and has an area of 400 square miles. The eastern and interior portions are drained by the Cache River and Clear Creek. The western part of the county comprises the broad, rich bottom lands lying along the Mississippi, but is subject to frequent overflow, while the eastern portion is hilly, and most of its area originally heavily tim- bered. The county is especially rich in minerals. Iron-ore, lead, bituminous coal, chalk, alum and 538 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. potter's clay are found in considerable abun- dance. Several lines of railway (the most impor- tant being the Illinois Central) either cross or tap the county. The chief occupation is agri- culture, although manufacturing is carried on to a limited extent. Fruit is extensively cultivated. Jonesboro is the county-seat, and Cobden and Anna important shipping stations. The latter is the location of the Southern Hospital for the Insane. The population of the county, in 1890, was 21,529. Being next to St. Clair, Randolph and Gallatin, one of the earliest settled counties in the State, many prominent men found their first home, on coming into the State, at Jones- boro, and this region, for a time, exerted a strong influence in public affairs. Pop. (1900), 22,610. UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA, a secret polit- ical and patriotic order which had its origin early in the late Civil War, for the avowed pur- pose of sustaining the cause of the Union and counteracting the machinations of the secret organizations designed to promote the success of the Rebellion. The first regular Council of the order was organized at Pekin, Tazewell County, June 25, 1862, consisting of eleven members, as follows,: John W. Glasgow, Dr. D. A. Cheever, Hart Montgomery, Maj. Richard N. Cullom (father of Senator Cullom), Alexander Small, Rev. J. W. M. Vernon, George H. Harlow (after- ward Secretary of State), Charles Turner, Col. Jonathan Merriam, Henry Pratt and L. F. Gar- rett. One of the number was a Union refugee from Tennessee, who dictated the first oath from memory, as administered to members of a some- what similar order which had been organized among the Unionists of his own State. It sol- emnly pledged the taker, (1) to preserve invio- late the secrets and business of the order; (2) to "support, maintain, protect and defend the civil liberties of the Union of these United States against all enemies, either domestic or foreign, at all times and under all circumstances, ' ' even "if necessary, to the sacrifice of life"; (3) to aid in electing only true Union men to offices of trust in the town, county, State and General Government ; (4) to assist, protect and defend any member of the order who might be in peril from his connection with the order, and (5) to obey all laws, rules or regulations of any Council to which the taker of the oath might be attached. The oath was taken upon the Bible, the Decla- ration of Independence and Constitution of the United States, the taker pledging his sacred honor to its fulfillment. A special reason for the organization existed in the activity, about this time, of the "Knights of the Golden Circle," a disloyal organization which had been introduced from the South, and which afterwards took the name, in the North, of "American Knights" and "Sons of Liberty. " (See Secret Treasonable Soci- eties.) Three months later, the organization had extended to a number of other counties of the State and, on the 25th of September following, the first State Council met at Bloomington— twelve counties being represented— and a State organization was effected. At this meeting the following general officers were chosen: Grand President — Judge Mark Bangs, of Marshall County (now of Chicago) ; Grand Vice-President —Prof. Daniel Wilkin, of McLean ; Grand Secre- tary—George H. Harlow, of Tazewell; Grand Treasurer— H. S. Austin, of Peoria, Grand Mar- shal— J. R. Gorin, of Macon; Grand Herald— A. Gould, of Henry; Grand Sentinel— John E. Rosette, of Sangamon. An Executive Committee was also appointed, consisting of Joseph Medill of "The Chicago Tribune"; Dr. A. J. McFai- land, of Morgan County ; J. K. Warren, of Macon ; Rev. J. C. Rybolt, of La Salle; the President, Judge Bangs; Enoch Emery, of Peoria; and John E. Rosette. Under the direction of this Committee, with Mr. Medill as its Chairman, the constitution and by-laws were thoroughly revised and a new ritual adopted, which materi-' ally changed the phraseology and removed some of the crudities of the original obligation, as well as increased the beauty and impressiveness of the initiatory ceremonies. New signs, grips and pass-words were also adopted, which were finally accepted by the various organizations of the order throughout the Union, which, by this time, included many soldiers in the army, as well as civilians. ' The second Grand (or State) Council was held at Springfield, January 14, 1863, with only seven counties represented. The limited representation was discouraging, but the mem- bers took heart from the inspiring words of Gov- ernor Yates, addressed to a committee of the order who waited upon him. At a special ses- sion of the Executive Committee, held at Peoria, six days later, a vigorous campaign was mapped out, under which agents were sent into nearly every county in the State. In Oc- tober, 1862, the strength of the order in Illi- nois was estimated at three to five thousand; a few months later, the number of enrolled members had increased to 50,000 — so rapid had been the growth of the order. On March 25, 1863, a Grand Council met in Chicago — 404 Councils in Illinois being represented, with HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 539 a number from Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- sin, Iowa and Minnesota. At this meeting a Committee was appointed to prepare a plan of organization for a National Grand Council, which was carried out at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20th of May following — the constitution, ritual and signs of the Illinois organization being adopted with slight modifications. The io vised obligation — taken upon the Bible, the Declaration of Inde- pendence and the Constitution of the United States — bound members of the League to "sup- port, protect and defend the Government of the United States and the flag thereof, against all enemies, foreign and domestic," and to"beartrue faith and allegiance to the same"; to "defend the State against invasion or insurrection' ' ; to support only "true and reliable men" for offices of trust and profit; to protect and defend worthy members, and to preserve inviolate the secrets of the order. The address to new mem- bers was a model of impressiveness and a powerful appeal to their patriotism. The organization extended rapidly, not only throughout the North- west, but in the South also, especially in the army. In 1864 the number of Councils in Illinois was estimated at 1,300, with a membership of 175,000; and it is estimated that the total mem- bership, throughout the Union, was 2,000,000. The influence of the silent, but zealous and effect- ive, operations of the organization, was shown, not only in the stimulus given to enlistments and support of the war policy of the Government, but in the raising of supplies for the sick and wounded soldiers in the field. Within a few weeks before the fall of Vicksburg, over §25, 000 in cash, besides large quantities of stores, were sent to Col. John Williams (then in charge of the Sanitary Bureau at Springfield), as the direct result of appeals made through circulars sent out by the officers of the "League." Large contri- butions of money and supplies also reached the sick and wounded in hospital through the medium of the Sanitary Commission in Chicago. Zealous efforts were made by the opposition to get at the secrets of the order, and, in one case, a complete copy of the ritual was published by one of their organs ; but the effect was so far the reverse of what was anticipated, that this line of attack was not continued. During the stormy session of the Legislature in 1863, the League is said to have rendered effective service in protecting Gov- ernor Yates from threatened assassination. It continued its silent but effective operations until the complete overthrow of the rebellion, when it ceased to exist as a political organization. UNITED STATES SENATORS. The follow- ing is a list of United States senators from Illinois, from the date of the admission of the State into the Union until 1899, with the date and duration of the term of each: Ninian Edwards, 1818-24; Jesse B. Thomas, Sr., 1818-29; John McLean, 1824-25 and 1829-30; Elias Kent Kane, 1825-35; David Jewett Baker, Nov. 12 to Dec. 11, 1830; John M. Robinson, 1830-41; William L. D. Ewing, 1835-37; Richard M. Young, 1837-43; Samuel Mo- Roberts, 1841-43; Sidney Breese, 1843-49; James Semple, 1843-47; Stephen A. Douglas, 1847-61; James Shields, 1849-55; Lyman Trumbull, 1855-73; Orville H. Browning, 1861-63; William A. Rich- ardson, 1863-65; Richard Yates, 1865-71; John A. Logan, 1871-77 and 1879-86; Richard J. Oglesby, 1873-79; David Davis, 1877-83; Shelby M. Cullom, first elected in 1883, and re-elected in '89 and '95, his third term expiring in 1901 ; Charles B. Far- well, 1887-91; John McAuley Palmer, 1891-97; William E. Mason, elected in 1897, for the term expiring, March 4, 1903. UN I VERSITY OF CHICAGO (The New) . One of the leading educational institutions of the country, located at Chicago. It is the outgrowth of an attempt, put forth by the American Educa- tional Society (organized at Washington in 1888), to supply the place which the original institution of the same name had been designed to fill. (See University of Chicago — The Old.) The following year, Mr. John D. Rockefeller of New York ten- dered a contribution of $600, 000 toward the endow- ment of the enterprise, conditioned upon securing additional pledges to the amount of $400,000 by June 1, 1890. The offer was accepted, and the sum promptly raised. In addition, a site, covering four blocks of land in the city of Chicago, was secured — two and one-half blocks being acquired by purchase for §282,500, and one and one-half (valued at $125,000) donated by Mr. Marshall Field. A charter was secured and an organiza- tion effected, Sept. 10, 1890. The Presidency of the institution was tendered to, and accepted by, Dr. William R. Harper. Since that time the University has been the recipient of other gener- ous benefactions by Mr. Rockefeller and others, until the aggregate donations (1898) exceed $10,- 000,000. Of this amount over one-half has been contributed by Mr. Rockefeller, while he has pledged himself to make additional contributions of $2,000,000, conditioned upon the raising of a like sum, from other donors, by Jan. 1, 1900. The buildings erected on the campus, prior to 1896, include a chemical laboratory costing $182,000; a lecture hall, $150,000; a physical laboratory 540 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. §150,000; a museum, §100,000; an academy dor- mitory, $30,000; three dormitories for women, $150,000; two dormitories for men, $100,000, to which several important additions were made during 1896 and '97. The faculty embraces over 150 instructors, selected with reference to their fitness for their respective departments from among the most eminent scholars in America and Europe. Women are admitted as students and graduated upon an equality with men. The work of practical instruction began in October, 1892, with 589 registered students, coming from nearly every Northern State, and including 250 gradu- ates from other institutions, to which accessions were made, during the year, raising the aggregate to over 900. The second year the number ex- ceeded 1,100; the third, it rose to 1,750, and the fourth (1895-96), to some 2,000, including repre- sentatives from every State of the Union, besides many from foreign countries. Special features of the institution include the admission of gradu- ates from other institutions to a post-graduate course, and the University Extension Division, which is conducted largely by means of lecture courses, in other cities, or through lecture centers in the vicinity of the University, non-resident students having the privilege of written exami- nations. The various libraries embrace over 300,000 volumes, of which nearly 60,000 belong to what are called the "Departmental Libraries," besides a "large and valuable collection of maps and pamphlets. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (The Old), an educational institution at Chicago, under the care of the Baptist denomination, for some years known as the Douglas University. Senator Stephen A. Douglas offered, in 1854, to donate ten acres of land, in what was then near the southern border of the city of Chicago, as a site for an institution of learning, provided buildings cost- ing $100,000, be erected thereon within a stipu- lated time. The corner-stone of the main building was laid, July 4, 1857, but the financial panic of that year prevented its completion, and Mr. Doug- las extended the time, and finally deeded the land to the trustees without reserve. For eighteen years the institution led a precarious existence, struggling under a heavy debt. By 1885, mort- gages to the amount of $320, 000 having accumu- lated, the trustees abandoned further effort, and acquiesced in the sale of the property under fore- closure proceedings. The original plan of the institution contemplated preparatory and col- legiate departments, together with a college of law and a theological school. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, the leading edu- cational institution under control of the State, located at Urbana and adjoining the city of Champaign. The Legislature at the session of 1863 accepted a grant of 480,000 acres of land under Act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, making an appropriation of public lands to States — 30,000 acres for each Senator and each Representative in Congress — establishing colleges for teaching agri- culture and the mechanic arts, though not to the exclusion of classical and scientific studies. Land- scrip under this grant was issued and placed in the hands of Governor Yates, and a Board of Trustees appointed under the State law was organ- ized in March, 1867, the institution being located the same year. Departments and courses of study were established, and Dr. John M. Gregory, of Michigan, was chosen Regent (President). — The landscrip issued to Illinois was sold at an early day for what it wonld bring in open market, except 25,000 acres, which was located in Ne- braska and Minnesota. This has recently been sold, realizing a larger sum than was received for all the scrip otherwise disposed of. The entire sum thus secured for permanent endowment ag- gregates $613, 026. The University revenues were further increased by donations from Congress to each institution organized under the Act of 1862, of $15,000 per annum for the maintenance of an Agricultural Experiment Station, and, in 1890, of a similar amount for instruction — the latter to be increased $1,000 annually until it should reach $25,000. — A mechanical building was erected in 1871, and this is claimed to have been the first of its kind in America intended for strictly educa- tional purposes. What was called "the main building" was formally opened in December, 1873. Other buildings embrace a "Science Hall," opened in 1892; a new "Engineering Hall," 1894; a fine Library Building, 1897. Eleven other prin- cipal structures and a number of smaller ones have been erected as conditions required. The value of property aggregates nearly $2,500,000, and appropriations from the State, for all purposes, previous to 1904, foot up $5,123,517.90.— Since 1871 the institution has been open to women. The courses of study embrace agriculture, chem- istry, polytechnics, military tactics, natural and general sciences, languages and literature, eco- nomics, household science, trade and commerce. The Graduate School dates from 1891. In 1896 the Chicago College of Pharmacy was connected with the University: a College of Law and a Library School were opened in 1897, and the same year the Chicago College of Physicians and ^Sur- « S X o . -° M « .Ol-t *n ^ 0> u Wo < Si « D o Z J ft o > 5 w > p SB la HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 541 geons was affiliated as the College of Medicine — a School of Dentistry being added to the latter in 1901. In 1885 the State Laboratory of Natural History was transferred from Normal, 111., and an Agricultural Experiment Station entablished in 1888, from which bulletins are sent to farmers throughout the State who may desire them. — The first name of the Institution was "Illinois Indus- trial University," but, in 1885, this was changed to "University of Illinois." In 1887 the Trustees (of whom there are nine) were made elective by popular vote — three being elected every two years, each holding office six years. Dr. Gregory, having resigned the office of Regent in 1880, was succeeded by Dr. Selim H. Peabody, who had been Professor of Mechanical and Civil Engineer- ing. Dr. Peabody resigned in 1891. The duties of Eegent were then discharged by Prof. Thomas J. Burrill until August, 1894, when Dr. Andrew Sloan Draper, former State Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, was installed as President, serving until 1904. — The corps of instruction (1904) includes over 100 Pro- fessors, 60 Associate and Assistant Professors and 200 Instructors and Assistants, besides special lecturers, demonstrators and clerks. The num- ber of students has increased rapidly in recent years, as shown by the following totals for suc- cessive years from 1890-91 to 1903-04, inclusive: 519; 583; 714; 743; 810; 852; 1,075; 1,582; 1,824; 2,234; 2,505; 2,932; 3,289; 3,589. Of the last num- ber, 2,271 were men and 718 women. During 1903-04 there were in all departments at Urbana, 2,547 students (256 being in the Preparatory Aca- demy) ; and in the three Professional Departments in Chicago, 1,042, of whom 694 were in the Col- lege of Medicine, 185 in the School of Pharmacy, and 163 in the School of Dentistry. The Univer- sity Library contains 63,700 volumes and 14,500 pamphlets, not including 5,350 volumes and 15,850 pamphlets in the State Laboratory of Nat- ural History. — The University occupies a con- spicuous and attractive site, embracing 220 acres adjacent to the line between Urbana and Cham- paign, and near the residence portion of the two cities. The athletic field of 11 acres, on which stand the gymnasium and armory, is enclosed with an ornamental iron fence. The campus, otherwise, is an open and beautiful park with fine landscape effects. UNORGANIZED COUNTIES. In addition to the 102 counties into which Illinois is divided, acts were passed by the General Assembly, at different times, providing for the organiza- tion of a number of others, a few of which were subsequently organized under different names, but the majority of which were never organized at all — the proposition for such or- ganization being rejected by vote of the people within the proposed boundaries, or allowed to lapse by non-action. These unorganized coun- ties, with the date of the several acts authorizing them, and the territory which they were in- tended to include, were as follows: Allen County (1841) — comprising portions of Sanga- mon, Morgan and Macoupin Counties ; Audobon (Audubon) County (1843) — from portions of Mont- gomery, Fayette and Shelby; Benton County (1843) — from Morgan, Greene and Macoupin; Coffee County (1837) — with substantially the same territory now comprised within the bound- aries of Stark County, authorized two years later; Dane County (1839) — name changed to Christian in 1840; Harrison County (1855) — from McLean, Champaign and Vermilion, com- prising territory since partially incorporated in Ford County; Holmes County (1857) — from Champaign and Vermilion; Marquette County (1843), changed (1847) to Highland — compris- ing the northern portion of Adams, (this act was accepted, with Columbus as the county- seat, but organization finally vacated) ; Michi- gan County (1837) — from apart of Cook; Milton County (1843) — from the south part of Vermil- ion; Okaw County (1841) — comprising substan- tially the same territory as Moultrie, organized under act of 1843; Oregon County (1851) — from parts of Sangamon, Morgan and Macoupin Coun- ties, and covering substantially the same terri- tory as proposed to be incorporated in Allen County ten years earlier. The last act of this character was passed in 1867, when an attempt was made to organize Lincoln County out O- parts of Champaign and Vermilion, but whicn failed for want of an affirmative vote. UPPER ALTON, a city of Madison County, situated on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, about \\ miles northeast of Alton— laid out in 1816. It has several churches, and is the seat of Shurtleff College and the Western Military Academy, the former founded about 1831, and controlled by the Baptist denomination. Beds of excellent clay are found in the vicinity and utilized in pottery manufacture. Pop. (1890), 1,803; (1900), 2,373. UPTON, George Putnam, journalist, was born at Roxbury, Mass., Oct. 25, 1834; graduated from Brown University in 1854, removed to Chicago in 1855, and began newspaper work on "The Native American," the following year taking the place of city editor of "The Evening Jour- 542 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. nal." In 1862, Mr. Upton became musical critic on "The Chicago Tribune," serving for a time also as its war correspondent in the field, later (about 1881) taking a place on the general edi- torial staff, which he still retains. He is regarded as an authority on musical and dramatic topics. Mr. Upton is also a stockholder in, and, for sev- eral years, has been Vice-President of the "Trib- une" Company. Besides numerous contributions to magazines, his works include: "Letters of Peregrine Pickle" (1869) ; "Memories, a Story of German Love," translated from the German of Max Muller (1879) ; "Woman in Music" (1880) ; "Lives of German Composers" (3 vols. — 1883-84); besides four volumes of standard operas, oratorios, cantatas, and symphonies (1885-88). URBANA, a flourishing city, the county-seat of Champaign County, on the "Big Four," the Illinois Central and the Wabash Railways: 130 miles south of Chicago and 31 miles west of Dan- ville; in agricultural and coal-mining region. The mechanical industries include extensive rail- road shops, manufacture of brick, suspenders and lawn-mowers. The Cunningham Deaconesses' Home and Orphanage is located here. The city has water-works, gas and electric light plants, electric car-lines (local and interurban), superior schools, nine churches, three banks and three newspapers. Urbana is the seat of the University of Illinois. Pop. (1890), 3,511; (1900), 5,728. OSKEY, William J., editor and soldier, was born at Washington (near Natchez), Miss., May 16, 1827 ; was educated at Natchez, and, before reaching manhood, came to Macon County, 111., where he engaged in teaching until 1846, when he enlisted as a private in Company C, Fourth Illinois Volunteers, for the Mexican War. In 1855, he joined with a Mr. Wingate in the estab- lishment, at Decatur, of "The Illinois State Chron- icle," of which he soon after took sole charge, conducting the paper until 1861, when he enlisted in the Thirty-fifth Illinois Volunteers and was appointed Adjutant. Although born and edu- cated in a slave State, Mr. Usrey was an earnest opponent of slavery, as proved by the attitude of his paper in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. He was one of the most zealous endorsers of the proposition for a conference of the Anti- Nebraska editors of the State of Illinois, to agree upon a line of policy in opposition to the further extension of slavery, and, when that body met at Decatur, on Feb. 22, 1856, he served as its Secre- tary, thus taking a prominent part in the initial steps which resulted in the organization of the Republican party in Illinois. (See Anti-Xebraska Editorial Convention.) After returning from the war he resumed his place as editor of "The Chronicle," but finally retired from newspaper work in 1871. He was twice Postmaster of the city of Decatur, first previous to 1850, and again under the administration of President Grant; served also as a member of the City Council and was a member of the local Post of the G. A . R. , and Secretary of the Macon County Association of Mexican War Veterans. Died, at Decatur, Jan. 20, 1894. UTICA, (also called North Utica), a village of La Salle County, on the Illinois & Michigan Canal and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 10 miles west of Ottawa, situated on the Illinois River opposite "Starved Rock," also believed to stand on the site of the Kaskaskia village found by the French Explorer, La Salle, when he first visited Illinois. "Utica cement" is produced here; it also has several factories or mills, besides banks and a weekly paper. Popu- lation (1880), 767; (1890), 1,094; (1900), 1,150. VAN AKNAM, John, lawyer and soldier, was born at Plattsburg, N. Y., March 3, 1820. Hav- ing lost his father at five years of age, he went to live with a farmer, but ran away in his boyhood ; later, began teaching, studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar in New York City, beginning practice at Marshall, Mich. In 1858 he removed to Chicago, and, as a member of the firm of Walker, Van Arnam & Dexter, became promi- nent as a criminal lawyer and railroad attorney, being for a time Solicitor of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad. In 1862 he assisted in organizing the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned its Colonel, but was compelled to resign on account of illness. After spending some time in California, he resumed practice in Chicago in 1865. His later years were spent in California, dying at San Diego, in that State, April 6, 1890. VANDALIA, the principal city and county-seat of Fayette County. It is situated on the Kas- kaskia River, 30 miles north of Centralia, 62 miles south by west of Decatur, and 68 miles east-northeast of St. Louis. It is an intersecting point for the Illinois Central and the St. Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute Railroads. It was the capital of the State from 1820 to 1839, the seat of government being removed to Springfield, the latter year, in accordance with act of the General Assembly passed at the session of 1837. It con- tains a court house (old State Capitol building), six churches, two banks, three weekly papers, a HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 543 graded school, flour, saw and paper mills, foundry, stave and heading mill, carriage and wagon and brick works. Pop. (1890), 2,144; (1900), 2,665. VANDEVEER, Horatio M., pioneer lawyer, was born in Washington County, Ind., March 1, 1816 ; came with his family to Illinois at an early age, settling on Clear Creek, now in Christian County; taught school and studied law, using books borrowed from the late Hon. John T. Stuart of Springfield ; was elected first County Recorder of Christian County and, soon after, appointed Circuit Clerk, filling both offices three years. He also held the office of County Judge from 1848 to 1857 ; was twice chosen Representative in the General Assembly (1842 and 1850) and once to the State Senate (1862); in 1846, enlisted and was chosen Captain of a company for the Mexican War, but, having been rejected on account of the quota being full, was appointed Assistant-Quarter- master, in this capacity serving on the staff of General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. Among other offices held by Mr. Vandeveer, were those of Postmaster of Taylorville, Master in Chancery, Presidential Elector (1848), Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and Judge of the Circuit Court (1870-79). In 1868 Judge Vandeveer established the private banking firm of H. M. Vandeveer & Co., at Taylorville, which, in conjunction with his sons, he continued successfully during the remainder of his life. Died, March 12, 1894. VAN HORNE, William C, Railway Manager and President, was born in Will County, 111., February, 1843 ; began his career as a telegraph operator on the Illinois Central Railroad in 1856, was attached to the Michigan Central and Chi- cago & Alton Railroads (1858-72), later being General Manager or General Superintendent of various other lines (1872-79). He next served as General Superintendent of the Chicago, Milwau- kee & St. Paul, but soon after became General Manager of the Canadian Pacific, which he assisted to construct to the Pacific Coast; was elected Vice-President of the line in 1884, and its President in 1888. His services have been recog- nized by conferring upon him the order of knighthood by the British Government. VASSEUR, Noel C, pioneer Indian-trader, was born of French parentage in Canada, Dec. 25, 1799 ; at the age of 17 made a trip with a trading party to the West, crossing Wisconsin by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, the route pursued by Joliet and Marquette in 1673 ; later, was associ- ated with Gurdon S. Hubbard in the service of the American Fur Company, in 1820 visiting the region now embraced in Iroquois County, where he and Hubbard subsequently established a trad- ing post among the Pottawatomie Indians, believed to have been the site of the present town of Iroquois. The way of reaching their station from Chicago was by the Chicago and Des Plaines Rivers to the Kankakee, and ascending the latter and the Iroquois. Here Vasseur re- mained in trade until the removal of the Indians- west of the Mississippi, in which he served as agent of the Government. While in the Iroquois region he married Watseka, a somewhat famous Pottawatomie woman, for whom the town of Watseka was named, and who had previously been the Indian wife of a fellow-trader. His later years were spent at Bourbonnais Grove, in Kankakee County, where he died, Dec. 12, 1879. VENICE, a city of Madison County, on the Mississippi River opposite St. Louis and 2 miles north of East St. Louis ; is touched by six trunk lines of railroad, and at the eastern approach to the new "'Merchants' Bridge," with its round- house, has two ferries to St. Louis, street car line, electric lights, water-works, some manufactures and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 932; (1900), 2.450. TENICE & CARONDELET RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evc.nsville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad. ) VERMILION COUNTY, an eastern county, bordering on the Indiana State line, and drained by the Vermilion and Little Vermilion Rivers, from which it takes its name. It was originally organized in 1826, when it extended north to Lake Michigan. Its present area is 926 square miles. The discovery of salt springs, in 1819, aided in attracting immigration to this region, but the manufacture of salt was abandoned many years ago. Early settlers were Seymour Treat, James Butler, Henry Johnston, Harvey Lidington, Gurdon S. Hubbard and Daniel W. Beckwith. James Butler and Achilles Morgan were the first County Commissioners. Many interesting fossil remains have been found, among them the skeleton of a mastodon (1868). Fire clay is found in large quantities, and two coal seams cross the county. The surface is level and the soil fertile. Corn is the chief agricultural product, although oats, wheat, rye, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Stock-raising and wool-growing are important industries. There are also several manufactories, chiefly at Dan- ville, which is the county-seat. Coal mining is carried on extensively, especially in the vicin- ity of Danville. Population (1880), 41,588 ; (1890), 49,905; (1900), 65,635. 544 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. VERMILION RIVER, a tributary of the Illi- nois; rises in Ford and the northern part of McLean County, and, running northwestward through Livingston and the southern part of La Salle Counties, enters the Illinois River nearly opposite the city of La Salle ; has a length of about 80 miles. VERMILION RIVER, an affluent of the Wa- bash, formed by the union of the North, Middle and South Forks, which rise in Illinois, and come together near Danv ; .lle in this State. It flows southeastward, and enters the Wabash in Vermilion County, Ind. The main stream is about 28 miles long. The South Fork, however, which rises in Champaign County and runs east- ward, has a length of nearly 75 miles. The Little Vermilion River enters the Wabash about 7 or 8 miles below the Vermilion, which is some- times called the Big Vermilion, by wa.y of distinction. VERMONT, a village in Fulton County, at junction of Galesburg and St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 24 miles north of Beardstown ; has a carriage manu- factory, flour and saw-mills, brick and tile works, electric light plant, besides two banks, four churches, two graded schools, and one weekly newspaper. An artesian well has been sunk here to the depth of 2,600 feet. Pop. (1900), 1,195. VERSAILLES, a town of Brown County, on the Wabash Railway, 48 miles east of Quincy ; is in a timber and agricultural district ; has a bank and weekly newspaper. Population (1900), 524. VIENNA, the county-seat of Johnson County, situated on the Cairo and Vincennes branch of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, 36 miles north-northwest of Cairo. It has a court house, several churches, a graded school, banks and two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 494; (1890), 828; (1900), 1,217. VIGO, Francois, pioneer and early Indian- trader, was born at Mondovi, Sardinia (Western Italy), in 1747, served as a private soldier, first at Havana and afterwards at New Orleans. When he left the Spanish army he came to St. Louis, then the military headquarters of Spain for Upper Louisiana, where he became a partner of Com- mandant de Leba, and was extensively engaged in the fur-trade among the Indians on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. On the occupation of Kaskaskia by Col. George Rogers Clark in 1778, he rendered valuable aid to the Americans, turn- ing out supplies to feed Clark's destitute soldiers, and accepting Virginia Continental money, at par, in payment, incurring liabilities in excess of $20,000. This, followed by the confiscation policy of the British Colonel Hamilton, at Vincennes, where Vigo had considerable property, reduced him to extreme penury. H. W. Beckwith says that, towards the close of his life, he lived on his little homestead near Vincennes, in great poverty but cheerful to the last He was never recom- pensed during his life for his sacrifices in behalf of the American cause, though a tardy restitution was attempted, after his death, by the United States Government, for the benefit of his heirs. He died, at a ripe old age, at Vincennes, Ind., March 22, 1835. VILLA RIDGE, a village of Pulaski County, on the Illinois Central Railway, 10 miles north of Cairo. Population, 500. VINCENNES, Jean Baptiste Bissot, a Canadian explorer, born at Quebec, January, 1688, of aris- tocratic and wealthy ancestry. He was closely connected with Louis Joliet — probably his brother-in-law, although some historians say that he was 'the latter's nephew. He entered the Canadian army as ensign in 1701, and had a long and varied experience as an Indian fighter. About 1725 he took up his residence on what is now the site of the present city of Vincennes, Ind., which is named in his honor. Here he erected an earth fort and established a trading- post. In 1726, under orders, he co-operated with D'Artaguiette (then the French Governor of Illi- nois) in an expedition against the Chickasaws. The expedition resulted disastrously. Vincennes and D'Artaguiette were captured and burned at the stake, together with Father Senat (a Jesuit priest) and others of the command. (See also D'Artaguiette; French Governors of Illinois.) TIRDEN, a city of Macoupin County, on the Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 21 miles south by west from Springfield, and 31 miles east-southeast of Jack- sonville. It has five churches, two banks, two newspapers, telephone service, electric lights, grain elevators, machine shop, and extensive coal mines. Pop. (1900), 2, 280 ; (school census 1903), 3, 651. VIRGINIA, an incorporated city, the county- seat of Cass County, situated at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis, with the Spring- field Division of the Baltimore & Ohio South- western Railroad, 15 miles north of Jacksonville, and 33 miles west-northwest of Springfield. It lies in the heart of a rich agricultural region. There is a flouring mill here, besides manu- factories of wagons and cigars. The city has two National and one State bank, five churches, a HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 545 high school, and two weekly papers. Pop (1890) 1,602; (1900), 1,600. VOCKE, William, lawyer, was bom at Min- den, Westphalia (Germany), in 1839, the son of a Government Secretary in the Prussian service. Having lost his father at an early age, he emi- grated to America in 1856, and, after a short stay in New York, came to Chicago, where he found employment as a paper-carrier for "The Staats-Zeitung, " meanwhile giving his attention to the study of law. Later, he became associated with a real-estate firm; on the commencement of the Civil War, enlisted as a private in a three-months' regiment, and, finally, in the Twenty-fourth Illinois (the first Hecker regi- ment), in which he rose to the rank of Captain. Returning from the army, he was employed as city editor of "The Staats-Zeitung," but, in 1865, became Clerk of the Chicago Police Court, serving until 1869. Meanwhile he had been admitted to the bar, and, on retirement from office, began practice, but, in 1870, was elected Representative in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, in which he bore a leading part in framing "the burnt record act" made necessary by the i fire of 1871. He has since been engaged _ in the practice of his profession, having been, for a number of years, attorney for the German Consulate at Chicago, also serving, for several years, on the Chicago Board of Education. Mr. Vocke is a man of high literary tastes, as shown by his publication, in 1869, of a volume of poems translated from the German, which has been highly commended, besides a legal work on "The Administration of Justice in the United States, and a Synopsis of the Mode of Procedure in our Federal and State Courts and All Federal and State Laws relating to Subjects of Interest - to Aliens," which has been published in the Ger- man Language, and is highly valued by German lawyers and business men. Mr. Vocke was a member of the Republican National Convention of 1872 at Philadelphia, which nominated General Grant for the Presidency a second time. YOLK, Leonard Wells, a distinguished Illinois sculptor, born at Wellstown (afterwards Wells), N. Y., Nov. 7, 1828. Later, his father, who was a marble cutter , removed to Pittsfield, Mass., and, at the age of 16, Leonard began work in his shop. In 1848 he came west and began model- ing in clay and drawing at St. Louis, being only self-taught. He married a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas, and the latter, in 1855, aided him in the prosecution of his art studies in Italy. Two years afterward he settled in .Chicago, where he modeled the first portrait bust ever made in the city, having for his subject his first patron — the "Little Giant." The next year (1858) he made a life-size marble statue of Douglas. In 1860 he made a portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln, which passed into the possession of the Chicago His- torical Society and was destroyed in the great fire of 1871. In 1868-69, and again in 1871-72, he revisited Italy for purposes of study. In 1867 he was elected academician of the Chicago Academy, and was its President for eight years. He was genial, companionable and charitable, and always ready to assist his younger and less fortunate pro- fessional brethren. His best known works are the Douglas Monument, in Chicago, several soldiers' monuments in different parts of the country, the statuary for the Henry Keep mausoleum at Watertown, N. Y., life-size statues of Lincoln and Douglas, in the State House at Springfield, and numerous portrait busts of men eminent in political, ecclesiastical and commercial life. Died, at Osceola, Wis., August 18, 1895. TOSS, Arno, journalist, lawyer and soldier, born in Prussia, April 16, 1821 ; emigrated to the United States and was admitted to the bar in Chicago, in 1848, the same year becoming editor of "The Staats-Zeitung"; was elected City Attorney in 1852, and again in 1853; in 1861 became Major of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, but afterwards assisted in organizing the Twelfth Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Colonel, still later serving with his command in Vir- ginia. He was at Harper's Ferry at the time of the capture of that place in September, 1862, but succeeded in cutting his way, with his command, through the rebel lines, escaping into Pennsyl- vania. Compelled by ill-health to leave the serv- ice in 1863, he retired to a farm in Will County, but, in 1869, returned to Chicago, where he served as Master in Chancery and was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly in 1876, but declined a re-election in 1878. Died, in Chi- cago, March 23, 1888. WABASH, CHESTER & WESTERN RAIL- ROAD, a railway running from Chester to Mount Vernon, 111., 63.33 miles, with a branch extend- ing from Chester to Menard. 1.5 miles; total mileage, 64.83. It is of standard gauge, and almost entirely laid with 60-pound steel rails. — (History.) It was organized, Feb. 20, 1878, as successor to the Iron Mountain, Chester & East- ern Railroad. During the fiscal year 1893-94 the Company purchased the Tamaroa & Mount Ver- non Railroad, extending from Mount Vernon to 546 HISTOEIOAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. Tamaroa, 22.5 miles. Capital stock (1898), fl,- 250,000; bonded indebtedness, $690,000; total capitalization, $2,028,573. WABASH COUNTY, situated in the southeast corner of the State ; area 220 square miles. The county was carved out from Edwards in 1824, and the first court house built at Centerville, in May, 1826. Later, Mount Carmel was made the county-seat. (See Mount Carmel.) The "Wabash River drains the county on the east; other streams are the Bon Pas, Coffee and Crawfish Creeks. The surface is undulating with a fair growth of timber. The chief industries are the raising of live-stock and the cultivation of cere- als. The wool-crop is likewise valuable. The county is crossed by the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and the Cairo and Vincennes Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroads. Population (1880), 4,945; (1890), 11,866; (1900), 12,583. WABASH RAILROAD, an extensive railroad system connecting the cities of Detroit and Toledo, on the east, with Kansas City and Council Bluffs, on the west, with branches to Chicago, St. Louis, Quincy and Altamont, 111. , and to Keokuk and Des Moines, Iowa. The total mileage (1898) is 1,874.96 miles, of which 677.4 miles are in Illi- nois — all of the latter being the property of the company, besides 176.7 miles of yard -tracks, sid- ings and spurs. The company has trackage privileges over the Toledo, Peoria & Western (6.5 miles) between Elvaston and Keokuk bridge, and over the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (21.8 miles) between Camp Point and Quincy. — (His- tory.) A considerable portion of this road in Illinois is constructed on the line upon which the Northern Cross Railroad was projected, in the "internal improvement" scheme adopted in 1837, and embraces the only section of road completed under that scheme — that between the Illinois River and Springfield. (1) The construction of this section was begun by the State, May 11, 1837, the first rail laid, May 9, 1838, the road completed to Jacksonville, Jan. 1, 1840, and to Springfield, May 13, 1842. It was operated for a time by "mule power," but the income was in- sufficient to keep the line in repair and it was finally abandoned. In 1847 the line was sold for 121,100 to N. H. Ridgely and Thomas Mather of Springfield, and by them transferred to New York capitalists, who organized the Sangamon & Morgan Railroad Company, reconstructed the road from Springfield to Naples and opened it for business in 1849. (2) In 1853 two corporations were organized in Ohio and Indiana, respectively, under the name of the Toledo & Illinois Railroad and the Lake Erie, Wabash & St. Louis Railroad, which were consolidated as the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad, June 25, 1856. In 1858 these lines were sold separately under foreclo- sure, and finally reorganized, under a special char- ter granted by the Illinois Legislature, under the name of the Great Western Railroad Company. (3) The Quincy & Toledo Railroad, extending from Camp Point to the Illinois River opposite Meredosia, was constructed in 1858-59, and that, with the Illinois & Southern Iowa (from Clay- ton to Keokuk), was united, July 1, 1865, with the eastern divisions extending to Toledo, the new organization taking the name of the main line, (Toledo, Wabash & Western). (4) The Hannibal & Naples Division (49.6 miles), from Bluffs to Hannibal, Mo., was chartered in 1863, opened for business in 1870 and leased to the Toledo, Wabash & Western. The latter defaulted on its interest in 1875, was placed in the hands of a receiver and, in 1877, was turned over to a new company under the name of the Wabash Railway Company. (5) In 1868 the company, as it then existed, promoted and secured the con- struction, and afterwards acquired the owner- ship, of a line extending from Decatur to East St. Louis (110.5 miles) under the name of the Deca- tur & East St. Louis Railroad. (6) The Eel River Railroad, from Butler to Logansport, Ind., was acquired in 1877, and afterwards extended to Detroit under the name of the Detroit, Butler & St. Louis Railroad, completing the connection from Logansport to Detroit. — In November, 1879, the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Com- pany was organized, took the property and con- solidated it with certain lines west of the Mississippi, of which the chief was the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern. A line had been pro- jected from Decatur to Chicago as early as 1870, but, not having been constructed in 1881, the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific purchased what was known as the Chicago & Paducah Railroad, uniting with the main line at Bement, and (by way of the Decatur and St. Louis Division) giv- ing a direct line between Chicago and St. Louis. At this time the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific was operating the following additional leased lines: Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur (67.2 miles); Hannibal & Central Missouri (70.2 miles); Lafayette, Mun- cie & Bloomington (36.7 miles), and the Lafayette Bloomington & Muncie (80 miles). A connection between Chicago on the west and Toledo and Detroit on the east, was established over the Grand Trunk road in 1882, but, in 1890, the com- HISTOEIGAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 547 pany constructed a line from Montpelier, Ohio, to Clark, Ind. (149.7 miles), thence by track lease to Chicago (17.5 miles), giving an independent line between Chicago and Detroit by what is known to investors as the Detroit & Chicago Division. The total mileage of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific system, in 1884, amounted to over 3,600 miles ; but, in May of that year, default having been made in the payment of interest, the work of disintegration began. The main line east of the Mississippi and that on the west were sepa- rated, the latter taking the name of the "Wabash Western." The Eastern Division was placed in the hands of a receiver, so remaining until May, 1889, when the two divisions, having been bought in by a purchasing committee, were consolidated under the present name. The total earnings and income of the road in Illinois, for the fiscal year 1898, were 14,402,631, and the expenses 14,836,110. The total capital invested (1898) was $139,889,643, including capital stock of $52,000,000 and bonds to the amount of $81,- 534,000. WABASH RIVER, rises in northwestern Ohio, passes into Indiana, and runs northwest to Hun- tington. It then flows nearly due west to Logans- port, thence southwest to Covington, finally turning southward to Terre Haute, a few miles below which it strikes the western boundary of Indiana. It forms the boundary between Illinois and Indiana (taking into account its numerous windings) for some 200 miles. Below Vincennes it runs in a south-southwesterly direction, and enters the Ohio at the south-west extremity of Indiana, near latitude 37° 49' north. Its length is estimated at 557 miles. WABASH & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad. ) WABASH, ST. LODIS & PACIFIC RAIL- ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad. ) WABASH & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See Wabash Railroad. ) WAIT, William Smith, pioneer, and original suggestor of the Illinois Central Railroad, was born in Portland, Maine, March 5, 1789, and edu- cated in the public schools of his native place. In his youth he entered a book-publishing house in which his father was a partner, and was for a time associated with the publication of a weekly paper. Later the business was conducted at Boston, and extended over the Eastern, Middle, and Southern States, the subject of this sketch making extensive tours in the interest of the firm. In 1817 he made a tour to the West, reaching St. Louis, and, early in the following year, visited Bond County, 111., where he made his first entry of land from the Government. Returning to Boston a few months later, he con- tinued in the service of the publishing firm until 1820, when he again came to Illinois, and, in 1821, began farming in Ripley Township, Bond County. Returning East in 1824, he spent the next ten years in the employment of the publish- ing firm, with occasional visits to Illinois. In 1835 he located permanently near Greenville, Bond County, and engaged extensively in farm- ing and fruit-raising, planting one of the largest apple orchards in the State at that early day. In 1845 he presided as chairman over the National Industrial Convention in New York, and, in 1848, was nominated as the candidate of the National Reform Association for Vice-President on the ticket with Gerrit Smith of New York, but declined. He was also prominent in County and State Agricultural Societies. Mr Wait has been credited with being one of the first (if not the very first) to suggest the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, which he did as early as 1835 ; was also one of the prime movers in the construction of the Mississippi & Atlantic Rail- road — now the "Vandalia Line" — giving much time to the latter enterprise from 1846 for many years, and was one of the original incorporators of the St. Louis & Illinois Bridge Company. Died, July 17, 1865. WALKER, Cyrus, pioneer, lawyer, born in Rockbridge County, Va., May 14, 1791; was taken while an infant to Adair County, Ky., and came to Macomb, 111., in 1833, being the second lawyer to locate in McDonough County. He had a wide reputation as a successful advocate, especially in criminal cases, and practiced extensively in the courts of Western Illinois and also in Iowa. Died, Dec. 1, 1875. Mr. Walker was uncle of the late Pinkney H. Walker of the Supreme Court, who studied law with him. He was Whig candidate for Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 1840. WALKER, James Barr, clergyman, was born in Philadelphia, July 29, 1805; in his youth served as errand-boy in a country store near Pittsburg and spent four years in a printing office ; then became clerk in the office of Mordecai M. Noah, in New York, studied law and gradu- ated from Western Reserve College, Ohio ; edited various religious papers, including "The Watch- man of the Prairies" (now "The Advance") of Chicago, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Chicago, and for some time was lecturer on 548 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. "Harmony between Science and Revealed Reli- gion" at Oberlin College and Chicago Theological Seminary. He was author of several volumes, one of which — "The Philosophy of the Plan of Salvation," published anonymously under the editorship of Prof. Calvin E. Stowe (1855)— ran through several editions and was translated into five different languages, including Hindustanee. Died, at Wheaton, 111., March 6, 1887. WALKER, James Monroe, corporation lawyer and Railway President, was born at Claremont, N. H., Feb. 14, 1820. At fifteen he removed with his parents to a farm in Michigan ; was educated at Oberlin, Ohio, and at the University of Michi- gan, Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 1849. He then entered a law office as clerk and student, was admitted to the bar the next year, and soon after elected Prosecuting Attorney of Washtenaw County ; was also local attorney for the Michigan Central Railway, for which, after his removal to Chicago in 1853, he became Gen- eral Solicitor. Two years later the firm of Sedg- wick & Walker, which had been organized in Michigan, became attorneys for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and, until his death, Mr. Walker was associated with this com- pany, either as General Solicitor, General Counsel or President, filling the latter position from 1870 to 1875. Mr. Walker organized both the Chicago and Kansas City stock-yards, and was President of these corporations, as also of the Wilmington Coal Company, down to the time of his death, which occurred on Jan. 22, 1881, as a result of heart disease. WALKER, (Rev.) Jesse, Methodist Episcopal missionary, was born in Rockingham County, Va., June 9, 1766; in 1800 removed to Tennessee, became a traveling preacher in 1802, and, in 1806, came to Illinois under the presiding-elder- ship of Rev. William McKendree (afterwards Bishop), locating first at Turkey Hill, St. Clair County. In 1807 he held a camp meeting near Edwardsville — the first on Illinois soil. Later, he transferred his' labors to Northern Illinois; was at Peoria in 1824; at Ottawa in 1825, and devoted much time to missionary work among the Pottawatomies, maintaining a school among them for a time. He visited Chicago in 1826, and there is evidence that he was a prominent resident there for several years, occupying a log house, which he used as a church and living-room, on "Wolf Point" at the junction of the North and South Branches of the Chicago River. While acting as superintendent of the Fox River mis- sion, his residence appears to have been at Plain- field, in the northern part of Will County. Died, Oct. 5, 1835. WALKER, Pinkney H., lawyer and jurist, was born in Adair County, Ky., June 18, 1815. His boyhood was chiefly passed in farm work and as clerk in a general store ; in 1834 he came to Illi- nois, settling at Rushville, where he worked in a store for four years. In 1838 he removed to Macomb, where he began attendance at an acad- emy and the study of law with his uncle, Cyrus Walker, a leading lawyer of his time. He was admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing at Macomb until 1848, when he returned to Rushville. In 1853 he was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and re-elected in 1855. This position he resigned in 1858, having been appointed, by Governor Bissell, to fill the vacancy on the bench-of the Supreme Court occasioned by the resignation of Judge Skinner. Two months later he was elected to the same position, and re-elected in 1867 and '76. He presided as Chief Justice from January, 1864, to June, '67, and again from June, 1874, to June, '75. Before the expiration of his last term he died, Feb. 7, 1885. WALL, George Willard, lawyer, politician and Judge, was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, April 22, 1839; brought to Perry County, 111., in infancy, and received his preparatory education at McKen- dree College, finally graduating from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1858, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1859, when he began practice at Duquoin, 111. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and, from 1864 to '68, served as State's Attorney for the Third Judicial District ; was also a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. In 1872 he was an unsuccessful Democratic candi- date for Congress, although running ahead of his ticket. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of the Third Circuit, and re-elected in '79, '85 and '91, much of the time since 1877 being on duty upon the Appellate bench. His home is at Duquoin. WALLACE, (Rev.) Peter, D.D., clergyman and soldier; was born in Mason County, Ky., April 11, 1813; taken in infancy to Brown County, Ohio, where he grew up on a farm until 15 years of age,, when he was apprenticed to a carpenter; at the age of 20 came to Illinois, where he became a contractor and builder, fol- lowing this occupation for a number of years. He was converted in 1835 at Springfield, 111., and, some years later, having decided to enter the ministry, was admitted to the Illinois Conference as a deacon by Bishop E. S. Janes in 1855, and HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 549 placed in charge of the Danville Circuit. Two years later he was ordained by Bishop Scott, and, in the next few years, held pastorates at various places in the central and eastern parts of the State. From 1867 to 1874 he was Presiding Elder of the Mattoon and Quincy Districts, and, for six years, held the position of President of the Board of Trustees of Chaddock College at Quincy, from which he received the degree of D.D. in 1881. In the second year of the Civil War he raised a company in Sangamon County, was chosen its Captain and assigned to the Seventy-third Illinois Volunteers, known as the "preachers' regiment" — all of its officers being ministers. In 1864 he was compelled by ill-health to resign his commission. While pastor of the church at Say- brook, 111., he was offered the position of Post- master of that place, which he decided to accept, and was allowed to retire from the active minis- try. On retirement from office, in 1884, he removed to Chicago. In 1889 he was appointed by Governor Fifer the first Chaplain of the Sol- diers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, but retired some four years afterward, when he returned to Chicago. Dr. Wallace was an eloquent and effective preacher and continued to preach, at intervals, until within a short time of his decease, which occurred in Chicago, Feb. 21, 1897, in his 84th year. A zealous patriot, he frequently spoke very effectively upon the political rostrum. Originally a Whig, he became a Republican on the organization of that party, and took pride in the fact that the first vote he ever cast was for Abraham Lincoln, for Representative in the Legis- lature, in 1834. He was a Knight Templar, Vice- President of the Tippecanoe Club of Chicago, and, at his death, Chaplain of America Post, No. 708, G. A. R. WALLACE, William Henry Lamb, lawyer and soldier, was born at Urbana, Ohio, July 8, 1821 ; brought to Illinois in 1833, his father settling near La Salle and, afterwards, at Mount Morris, Ogle County, where young Wallace attended the Rock River Seminary ; was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1846 enlisted as a private in the First Illi- nois Volunteers (Col. John J. Hardin's regiment), for the Mexican "War, rising to the rank of Adju- tant and participting in the battle of Buena Vista (where his commander was killed), and in other engagements. Returning to his profession at Ottawa, he served as District Attorney (1852-56), then became partner of his father-in-law, Col. T. Lyle Dickey, afterwards of the Supreme Court. In April, 1861, he was one of the first to answer the call for troops by enlisting, and became Colo- nel of the Eleventh Illinois (three-months' men), afterwards re-enlisting for three years. As commander of a brigade he participated in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, in Feb- ruary, 1862, receiving promotion as Brigadier- General for gallantry. At Pittsburg Landing (Shiloh), as commander of Gen. C. F. Smith's Division, devolving on him on account of the illness of his superior officer, he showed great courage, but fell mortally wounded, dying at Charleston, Tenn., April 10, 1862. His career promised great brilliancy and his loss was greatly deplored. — Martin R. M. ( Wallace), brother of the preceding, was born at Urbana, Ohio, Sept. 29, 1829, came to La Salle County, 111., with his father's family and was educated in the local schools and at Rock River Seminary ; studied law at Ottawa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856, soon after locating in Chicago. In 1861 he assisted in organizing the Fourth Regiment Illi- nois Cavalry, of which he became Lieutenant- Colonel, and was complimented, in 1865, with the rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After the war he served as Assessor of Internal Revenue (1866-69); County Judge (1869-77); Prosecuting Attorney (1884) ; and, for many years past, has been one of the Justices of the Peace of the city of Chicago. WALNUT, a town of Bureau County, on the Mendota and Fulton branch of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad, 26 miles west of Mendota; is in a farming and stock-raising dis- trict ; has two banks and two newspapers. Popu- lation (189Q), 605; (1900), 791. WAR OF 1812. Upon the declaration of war by Congress, in June, 1812, the Pottawatomies, and most of the other tribes of Indians in the Territory of Illinois, strongly sympathized with the British. The savages had been hostile and restless for some time previous, and blockhouses and family forts had been erected at a number of points, especially in the settlements most exposed to the incursions of the savages. Gov- ernor Edwards, becoming apprehensive of an outbreak, constructed Fort Russell, a few miles from Edwardsville. Taking the field in person, he made this his headquarters, and collected a force of 250 mounted volunteers, who were later reinforced by two companies of rangers, under Col. William Russell, numbering about 100 men. An independent company of twenty-one spies, of which John Reynolds — afterwards Governor — was a member, was also formed and led by Capt. Samuel Judy. The Governor organized his little army into two regiments under Colonels Rector 550 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. and Stephenson, Colonel Russell serving as second to the commander-in-chief, other mem- bers of his staff being Secretary Nathaniel Pope and Robert K. McLaughlin. On Oct. 18, 1812, Governor Edwards, with his men, set out for Peoria, where it was expected that their force would meet that of General Hopkins, who had been sent from Kentucky with a force of 2,000 men. En route, two Kickapoo villages were burned, and a number of Indians unnecessarily slain by Edwards' party. Hopkins had orders to disperse the Indians on the Illinois and Wabash Rivers, and destroy their villages. He deter- mined, however, on reaching the headwaters of the Vermilion to proceed no farther. Governor Edwards reached the head of Peoi-ia Lake, but, failing to meet Hopkins, returned to Fort Russell. About the same time Capt. Thomas E. Craig led a party, in two boats, up the Illinois River to Peoria. His boats, as he alleged, having been fired upon in the night by Indians, who were har- bored and protected by the French citizens of Peoria, he burned the greater part of the village, and capturing the population, carried them down the river, putting them on shore, in the early part of the Winter, just below Alton. Other desultory expeditions marked the campaigns of 1813 and 1814. The Indians meanwhile gaining courage, remote settlements were continually harassed by marauding bands. Later in 1814, an expedi- tion, led by Major (afterwards President) Zachary Taylor, ascended the Mississippi as far as Rock Island, where he found a large force of Indians, supported by British regulars with, artillery. Finding himself unable to cope with so formida- ble a foe, Major Taylor retreated down the river. On the site of the present town of "Warsaw he threw up fortifications, which he named Fort Edwards, from which point he was subsequently compelled to retreat. The same year the British, with their Indian allies, descended from Macki- nac, captured Prairie du Chien, and burned Forts Madison and Johnston, after which they retired to Cap au Gris. The treaty of Ghent, signed Dec. 24, 1814, closed the war, although no formal treaties were made with the tribes until the year following. WAR OF THE REBELLION. At the outbreak of the Civil War, the executive chair, in Illinois, was occupied by Gov. Richard Yates. Immedi- ately upon the issuance of President Lincoln's first call for troops (April 15, 1861), the Governor 7ssued his proclamation summoning the Legisla- ture together in special session and, the same day, issued a call for "six regiments of militia," the quota assigned to the State under call of the President. Public excitement was at fever heat, and dormant patriotism in both sexes was aroused as never before. Party lines were broken down and, with comparatively few excep- tions, the mass of the people were actuated by a common sentiment of patriotism. On April 19, Governor Yates was instructed, by the Secretary of War, to take possession of Cairo as an important strategic point. At that time, the State militia organizations were few in number and poorly equipped, consisting chiefly of independent com- panies in the larger cities. The Governor acted with great promptitude, and, on April 21, seven companies, numbering 595 men, commanded by Gen. Richard K. Swift of Chicago, were en route to Cairo. The first volunteer company to tender its services, in response to Governor Yates' proc- lamation, on April 16, was the Zouave Grays of Springfield. Eleven other companies were ten- dered the same day, and, by the evening of the 18th, the number had been increased to fifty. Simultaneously with these proceedings, Chicago bankers tendered to the Governor a war loan of §500,000, and those of Springfield, §100,000. The Legislature, at its special session, passed acts in- creasing the efficiency of the militia law, and provided for the creation of a war fund of $2,- 000,000. Besides the six regiments already called for, the raising of ten additional volunteer regi- ments and one battery of light artillery was authorized. The last of the six regiments, apportioned to Illinois under the first presidential call, was dispatched to Cairo early in May. The six regiments were numbered the Seventh to Twelfth, inclusive — the earlier numbers, First to Sixth, being conceded to the six regiments which had served in the war with Mexico. The regi- ments were commanded, respectively, by Colonels John Cook, Richard J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, James D. Morgan, William H. L. Wallace, and John McArthur, constituting the "First Brigade of Illinois Volunteers." Benjamin M. Prentiss, having been chosen Brigadier-General on arrival at Cairo, assumed command, relieving General Swift. The quota under the second call, consist- ing of ten regiments, was mustered into service within sixty days, 200 companies being tendered immediately. Many more volunteered than could be accepted, and large numbers crossed to Mis- souri and enlisted in regiments forming in that State. During June and July the Secretary of War authorized Governor Yates to recruit twenty- two additional regiments (seventeen infantry and five cavalry), which were promptly raised. On HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 551 July 22, the day following the defeat of the Union army at Bull Run, President Lincoln called for 500,000 more volunteers. Governor Yates im- mediately responded with an offer to the War Department of sixteen more regiments (thirteen of infantry and three of cavalry), and a battalion of artillery, adding, that the State claimed it as her right, to do her full share toward the preser- vation of the Union. Under supplemental author- ity, received from the Secretary of War in August, 1861, twelve additional regiments of in- fantry and five of cavalry were raised, and, by De- cember, 1861, the State had 43,000 volunteers in the field and 17,000 in camps of instruction. Other calls were made in July and August, 1862, each for 300,000 men. Illinois' quota, under both calls, was over 52,000 men, no regard being paid to the fact that the State had already furnished 16,000 troops in excess of its quotas under previ- ous calls. Unless this number of volunteers was raised by September 1, a draft would be ordered. The tax was a severe one, inasmuch as it would fall chiefly upon the prosperous citizens, the float- ing population, the idle and the extremely poor having already followed the army's march, either as soldiers or as camp-followers. But recruiting was actively carried on, and, aided by liberal bounties in many of the counties, in less than a fortnight the 52,000 new troops were secured, the volunteers coming largely from the substantial classes — agricultural, mercantile, artisan and professional. By the end of December, fifty -nine regiments and four batteries had been dispatched to the front, besides a considerable number to fill up regiments already in the field, which had suf- fered severely from battle, exposure and disease. At this time, Illinois had an aggregate of over 135,000 enlisted men in the field. The issue of President Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of emancipation, in September, 1862, was met by a storm of hostile criticism from his political opponents, who— aided by the absence of so large a proportion of the loyal population of the State in the field— were able to carry the elec- tions of that year. Consequently, when the Twenty-third General Assembly convened in regular session at Springfield, on Jan. 5, 1863, a large majority of that body was not only opposed to both the National and State administrations, but avowedly opposed to the further prosecution of the war under the existing policy. The Leg- islature reconvened in June, but was prorogued by Governor Yates Between Oct. 1, 1863, and July 1, 1864, 16,000 veterans re-enlisted and S7,000 new volunteers were enrolled; and, by the date last mentioned, Illinois had furnished to the Union army 244,496 men, being 14,596 in ex- cess of the allotted quotas, constituting fifteen per cent of the entire population. These were comprised in 151 regiments of infantry, 17 of cavalry and two complete regiments of artillery, besides twelve independent batteries. The total losses of Illinois organizations, during the war, has been reported at 34,834, of which 5,874 were killed in battle, 4,020 died from wounds, 22,786 from disease and 2,154 from other causes — being a total of thirteen per cent of the entire force of the State in the service. The part which Illinois played in the contest was conspicuous for patriot- ism, promptness in response to every call, and the bravery and efficiency of its troops in the field — reflecting honor upon the State and its his- tory. Nor were its loyal citizens — who, while staying at home, furnished moral and material support to the men at the front — less worthy of praise than those who volunteered. By uphold- ing the Government — National and State — and by their zeal and energy in collecting and sending forward immense quantities of supplies — surgical, medical and other — often at no little sacrifice, they contributed much to the success of the Union arms. (See also Camp Douglas; Camp Douglas Conspiracy; Secret Treasonable Soci- eties. ) WAR OF THE REBELLION (History op Illi- nois Regiments). The following is a list of the various military organizations mustered into the service during the Civil War (1861-65), with the terms of service and a summary of the more important events in the history of each, while in the field : Seventh Infantry. Illinois having sent six regiments to the Mexican War, by courtesy the numbering of the regiments which took part in the war for the Union began with number Seven. A number of regiments which responded to the first call of the President, claimed the right to be recognized as the first regiment in the field, but the honor was finally accorded to that organized at Springfield by Col. John Cook, and hence his regiment was numbered Seventh. It was mustered into the service, April 25, 1861, and remained at Mound City during the three months' service, the period of its first enlistment. It was subsequently reorganized and mustered for the three years' service, July 25, 1861, and was engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Cherokee, Allatoona Pass, Salkahatchie Swamp, Bentonville and Columbia. The regi- ment re-enlisted as veterans at Pulaski, Tenn., 552 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. Deo. 22, 1863; was mustered out at Louisville, July 9, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, July 11. Eighth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, and mus'tered in for three months' service, April 26, 1861, Kichard J. Oglesby of Decatur, being appointed Colonel. It remained at Cairo during its term of service, when it was mustered out. July 25, 1861, it was reorganized and mustered in for three years' service. It participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port Gibson, Thompson Hill, Raymond, Champion Hill, Vicks- burg, Brownsville, and Spanish Fort ; re-enlisted as veterans, March 24, 1864 ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, May 4, 1866, paid off and dis- charged, May 13, having served five years. Ninth Infantry. Mustered into the service at Springfield, April 26, 1861, for the term of three months, under Col. Eleazer A.' Paine. It was reorganized at Cairo, in August, for three years, being composed of companies from St. Clair, Madison, Montgomery, Pulaski, Alexander and Mercer Counties ; was engaged at Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, Jackson (Tenn.), Meed Creek Swamps, Salem, Wyatt, Florence, Montezuma, Athens and Grenada. The regiment was mounted, March 15, 1863, and so continued during the remainder of its service. Mustered out at Louis- ville, July 9, 1865. Tenth Infantry. Organized and mustered into the service for three months, on April 29, 1861, at Cairo, and on July 29, 1861, was mustered into the service for three years, with Col. James D. Morgan in command. It was engaged at Sykeston, New Madrid, Corinth, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw, Chattahoochie, Savannah and Bentonville. Re- enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, and mustered out of service, July 4, 1865, at Louisville, and received final discharge and pay, July 11, 1865, at Chicago. Eleventh Infantry. Organized at Spring- field and mustered into service, April 30, 1861, for three months. July 30, the regiment was mustered out, and re-enlisted for three years' service. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Tallahatchie, Vicksburg, Liver- pool Heights, Yazoo City, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. W. H. L. Wallace, afterwards Brigadier-General and killed at Shiloh, was its first Colonel. Mustered out of service, at Baton Rouge, July 14, 1865 ; paid off and discharged at Springfield. Twelfth Infantry. Mustered into service for three years, August 1, 1861; was engaged at Columbus, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Lay's Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw, Nickajack Creek, Bald Knob, Decatur, Ezra Church, Atlanta, Allatoona and Goldsboro. On Jan. 16, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans. John McArthur was its first Colonel, suc- ceeded by Augustus L. Chetlain, both being promoted to Brigadier-Generalships. Mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1865, and received final pay and discharge, at Spring- field, July 18. Thirteenth Infantry. One of the regiments- organized under the act known as the "Ten Regi- ment Bill" ; was mustered into service on May 24,. 1861, for three years, at Dixon, with John B. Wyman as Colonel; was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Mis- sionary Ridge, Rossville and Ringgold Gap. Mustered out at Springfield, June 18, 1864, hav- ing served three years and two months. Fourteenth Infantry. One of the regiments raised under the "Ten Regiment Bill," which anticipated the requirements of the General Government by organizing, equipping and dril- ling a regiment in each Congressional District in the State for thirty days, unless sooner required for service by the United States. It was mustered in at Jacksonville for three years, May 25, 1861, under command of John M. Palmer as its first Colonel ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Meta- mora, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Beauregard and Meridian ; consolidated with the Fifteenth Infan- try, as a veteran battalion (both regiments hav- ing enlisted as veterans), on July 1, 1864. In October, 1864, the major part of the battalion was captured by General Hood and sent to Andersonville. The remainder participated in the "March to the Sea," and through the cam- paign in the Carolinas. In the spring of 1865 the battalion organization was discontinued, both regiments having been filled up by recruits. The regiment was mustered out at Fort Leaven- worth, Kan., Sept. 16, 1865; and arrived at Springfield, 111., Sept. 22, 2865, where it received final payment and discharge. The aggregate number of men who belonged to this organization was 1,980, and the aggregate mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, 480. During its four years and four months of service, the regiment marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail, 2,330 miles, and, by river, 4,490 miles — making an aggregate of 11,670 miles. Fifteenth Infantry. Raised under the "Ten Regiment Act," in the (then) First Congressional District; was organized at Freeport, and mus- HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 553 tered into service, May 24, 1861. It was engaged at Sedalia, Shiloh, Corinth, Metamora Hill, Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Champion Hill, Allatoona and Bentonville. In March, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in July, 1864, was consolidated with the Fourteenth Infan- try as a Veteran Battalion. At Big Shanty and Ackworth a large portion of the battalion was captured by General Hood. At Raleigh the Veteran Battalion was discontinued and the Fifteenth reorganized. From July 1, to Sept. 1, 1865, the regiment was stationed at Forts Leaven- worth and Kearney. Having been mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, it was sent to Springfield for final payment and discharge — having served four years and four months. Miles marched, 4,299; miles by rail, 2,403, miles by steamer, 4,310; men enlisted from date of organization, 1,963; strength at date of muster-out, 640. Sixteenth Infantry. Organized and mus- tered into service at Quincy under the ' 'Ten-Regi- ment Act," May 24, 1861. The regiment was engaged at New Madrid, Tiptonville, Corinth, Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Fayetteville, Averysboro and Bentonville. In December, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 8, 1865, after a term of service of four years and three months, and, a week later, arrived at Spring- field, where it received its final pay and discharge papers. Seventeenth Infantry. Mustered into the service at Peoria, 111., on May 24, 1861; was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Greenfield (Ark.), Shiloh, Corinth, Hatchie and Vicksburg. In May, 1864, the term of enlistment having expired, the regiment was ordered to Springfield for pay and discharge. Those men and officers who re-enlisted, and those whose term had not expired, were consolidated with the Eighth Infan- try, which was mustered out in the spring of 1866. Eighteenth Infantry. Organized under the provisions of the "Ten Regiment Bill," at Anna, and mustered into the service on May 28, 1861, the term of enlistment being for three -years. The regiment participated in the capture of Fort McHenry, and was actively engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Dec. 16, 1865, and Dec. 31, thereafter, arrived at Springfield, 111., for pay- ment and discharge. The aggregate enlistments in the regiment, from its organization to date of discharge (rank and file), numbered 2,043. Nineteenth Infantry. Mustered into the United States service for three years, June 17, 1861, at Chicago, embracing four companies which had been accepted under the call for three months' men; participated in the battle of Stone River and in the Tullahoma and Chatta- nooga campaigns; was also engaged at Davis' Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and Resaca. It was mustered out of service on July 9, 1864, at Chicago. Originally consisting of nearly 1,000 men, besides a large number of recruits received during the war, its strength at the final muster-out was less than 350. Twentieth Infantry. Organized, May 14, 1861, at Joliet, and June 13, 1861, and mustered into the service for a term of three years. It participated in the following engagements, bat- tles, sieges, etc. . Fredericktown (Mo. ), Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Thompson's Planta- tion, Champion Hills, Big Black River, Vicks- burg, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. After marching through the Carolinas, the regiment was finally ordered to Louisville, where it waa mustered out, July 16, 1865, receiving its final discharge at Chicago, on July 24. Twenty- first Infantry. Organized under the "Ten Regiment Bill," from the (then) Sev- enth Congressional District, at Mattoon, and mustered into service for three years, June 28, 1861. Its first Colonel was U. S. Grant, who was in command until August 7, when he was com- missioned Brigadier-General. It was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo. ) , Corinth, Perry ville, Mur- freesboro, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Chattanooga, in February, 1864. From June, 1864, to December, 1865, it was on duty in Texas. Mustered out at San Antonio, Dec. 16, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, Jan. 18, 1866. Twenty-second Infantry. Organized at Belleville, and mustered into service, for three years, at Casey ville. 111., June 25, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Charleston (Mo.), Sikestown, Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, and all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, except Rocky Face Ridge. It was mustered out at Springfield, July 7, 1864, the vet- erans and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, being consolidated with the Forty -second Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers. Twenty-third Infantry. The organization of the Twenty-third Infantry Volunteers com- menced, at Chicago, under the popular name of 554 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. the "Irish Brigade," immediately upon the opening of hostilities at Sumter. The formal muster of the regiment, under the command of Col. James A. Mulligan, was made, June 15, 1861, at Chicago, when it was occupying barracks known as Kane's brewery near the river on West Polk Street. It was early ordered to North- ern Missouri, and was doing garrison duty at Lexington, when, in September, 1861, it surren- dered with the rest of the garrison, to the forces under the rebel General Price, and was paroled. From Oct. 8, 1861, to June 14, 1862, it was detailed to guard prisoners at Camp Douglas. Thereafter it participated in engagements in the Virginias, as follows: at South Fork, Greenland Gap, Phi- lippi, Hedgeville, Leetown, Maryland Heights, Snicker's Gap, Kernstown, Cedar Creek, Win- chester, Charlestown, Berry ville, Opequan Creek, Fisher's Hill, Harrisonburg, Hatcher's Run and Petersburg. It also took part in the siege of Richmond and the pursuit of Lee, being present at the surrender at Appomattox. In January and February, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Greenland Gap, W. Va. In August, 1864, the ten companies of the Regiment, then numbering 440, were consolidated into five com- panies and designated, "Battalion, Twenty-third Regiment, Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry. " The regiment was thanked by Congress for its part at Lexington, and was authorized to inscribe Lexington upon its colors. (See also Mulligan, James A.) Twenty-fourth Infantry, (known as the First Hecker Regiment) . Organized at Chicago, with two companies — to-wit: the Union Cadets and the Lincoln Rifles — from the three months' service, in June, 1861, and mustered in, July 8, 1861. It participated in the battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and other engagements in the Atlanta campaign. It was mustered out of service at Chicago, August 6, 1864. A fraction of the regi- ment, which had been recruited in the field, and whose term of service had not expired at the date of muster-out, was organized into one company and attached to the Third Brigade, First Divi- sion, Fourteenth Army Corps, and mustered out at Camp Butler, August 1, 1865. Twenty-fifth Infantry. Organized from the counties of Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Vermil- ion, Douglas, Coles, Champaign and Edgar, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 4. 1861. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, in the siege of Corinth, the battle of Kenesaw Moun- tain, the siege of Atlanta, and innumerable skir- mishes ; was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 5, 1864. During its three years' service the regi- ment traveled 4,962 miles, of which 3,252 were on foot, the remainder by steamboat and railroad. Twenty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, consisting of seven companies, at Springfield, August 31, 1861. On Jan. 1, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. It was authorized by the commanding General to inscribe upon its ban- ners "New Madrid" ; "Island No. 10;" "Farming- ton;" "Siege of Corinth;" "Iuka;" "Corinth— 3d and 4th, 1862;" "Resaca;" "Kenesaw;" "Ezra Church;" "Atlanta;" "Jonesboro;" "Griswold- ville;" "McAllister;" "Savannah;" "Columbia," and "Bentonville." It was mustered out at Louisville, July 20, 1865, and paid off and discharged, at Springfield, July 28— the regiment having marched, during its four years of service, 6, 931 miles, and fought twenty-eight hard battles, besides innumerable skirmishes. Twenty-seventh Infantry. First organized, with only seven companies, at Springfield, August 10, 1861, and organization completed by the addition of three more companies, at Cairo, on September 1. It took part in the battle of Bel- mont, the siege of Island No. 10, and the battles of Farmington, Nashville, Murfreesboro, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Dallas, Pine Top Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, as well as in the investment of Atlanta; was relieved from duty, August 25, 1864, while at the front, and mustered out at Springfield, September 20. Its veterans, with the recruits whose term of serv- ice had not expired, were consolidated with the Ninth Infantry. Twenty-eighth Infantry. Composed of companies from Pike, Fulton, Schuyler, Mason, Scott and Menard Counties; was organized at Springfield, August 15, 1861, and mustered into service for three years. It participated in the battles of Shiloh and Metamora, the siege of Vicksburg and the battles of Jackson, Mississippi, and Fort Beauregard, and in the capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. From June, 1864, to March, 1866, it was stationed in Texas, and was mustered out at Brownsville, in that State, March 15, 1866, having served four years and seven months. It was discharged, at Springfield, May 13, 1866. Twenty-ninth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice at Springfield, August 19, 1861, and was engaged at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Mobile. Eight HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 555 companies were detailed for duty at Holly Springs, and were there captured by General Van Dorn, in December, 1862, but were exchanged, six months later. In January, 1804, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, from June, 1864, to November, 1865, was on duty in Texas. It was mustered out of service in that State, Nov. 6, 1865, and received final discharge on November 38. Thirtieth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, August 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, the siege of Corinth, Medan Station, Raymond, Champion Hills, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Big Shanty, Atlanta, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Orangeburg, Columbia, Cheraw, and Fayetteville ; mustered out, July 17, 1865, and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, July 27, 1865. Thirty-first Infantry. Organized at Cairo, and there mustered into service on Sept. 18, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the two expeditions against Vicks- burg, at Thompson's Hill, Ingram Heights, Ray- mond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and Jonesboro; also participated in the "March to the Sea" and took part in the battles and skir- mishes at Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville and Bentonville: A majority of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans in March, 1864. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 19, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield, July 23. Thirty-second Infantry. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, Dec. 31, 1861. By special authority from the War Depart- ment, it originally consisted of ten companies of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg, and in the battles of La Grange, Grand Junction, Metamora, Harrison- burg, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Allatoona, Savannah, Columbia, Cheraw and Bentonville. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in June, 1865, was ordered to Fort Leavenworth. Mustered out there, Sept. 16, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield. Thirty-third Infantry. Organized and mus- tered into service at Springfield in September, 1861: was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, the assault and siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Fort Esperanza, and in the expedition against Mobile. The regiment veteranized at Vicksburg, Jan. 1, 1864; was mustered out, at the same point, Nov. 24, 1865, and finally discharged at Spring- field, Dec. 6 and 7, 1865. The aggregate enroll- ment of the regiment was between 1,900 and 2,000. Thirty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 7, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Murfreesboro, Rocky Face Ridge, Re- saca, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and, after participating in the "March to the Sea" and through the Carolinas, took part in the battle of Bentonville. After the surrender of Johnston, the regiment went with Sherman's Army to Washington, D. C, and took part in the grand review, May 24, 1865; left Washington, June 12, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., June 18, where it was mustered out, on July 12 ; was dis- charged and paid at Chicago, July 17, 1865. Thirty-fifth Infantry. Organized at De- catur on July 3, 1861, and its services tendered to the President, being accepted by the Secretary of War as "Col. G. A. Smith's Independent Regi- ment of Illinois Volunteers," on July 23, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 12. It was engaged at Pea Ridge and in the siege of Corinth, also participated in the battles of Perry- ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaoa, Dallas and Kenesaw. Its final muster-out took place at Springfield, Sept. 27, 1864, the regiment having marched (exclusive of railroad and steamboat transportation) 3,056 miles. Thikty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Camp Hammond, near Aurora, 111., and mustered into service, Sept. 23, 1861, for a term of three years. The regiment, at its organization, numbered 965 officers and enlisted men, and had two companies of Cavalry ("A" and "B"), 186 officers and men. It was engaged at Leetown, Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, the siege of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jones- boro, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out, Oct. 8, 1865, and disbanded, at Springfield, Oct. 27, having marched and been transported, during its term of service, more than 10, 000 miles. Thirty-seventh Infantry. Familiarly known as "Fremont Rifles"; organized in August, 1861, and mustered into service, Sept. 18. The regi- ment was presented with battle-flags by the Chi- cago Board of Trade. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Neosho, Prairie Grove and Chalk Bluffs, the siege of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Yazoo City and Morgan's Bend. In October, 1863, it was ordered to the defense of the frontier along the Rio Grande; re-enlisted as 556 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. veterans in February, 1864; took part in the siege and storming of Fort Blakely and the cap- ture of Mobile; from July, 1865, to May, 1866, was again on duty in Texas; was mustered out at Houston, May 15, 1866, and finally discharged at Springfield, May 31, having traveled some 17,000 miles, of which nearly 3,300 were by marching. Thirty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, in September, 1861. The regiment was engaged in tlie battles of Fredericktown, Perryville, Knob Gap, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville; re-enlisted as veterans in February, 1864; from June to December, 1865, was on duty in Louisi- ana and Texas; was mustered out at Victoria, Texas, Dec. 31, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield. Thirty-ninth Infantry. The organization of this Regiment was commenced as soon as the news of the firing on Fort Sumter reached Chi- cago. General Thomas O. Osborne was one of its contemplated field officers, and labored zealously to get it accepted under the first call for troops, but did not accomplish his object. The regiment had already assumed the name of the "Yates Phalanx" in honor of Governor Yates. It was accepted by the War Department on the day succeeding the first Bull Run disaster (July 22, 1861), and Austin Light.of Chicago, was appointed Colonel. Under his direction the organization was completed, and the regiment left Camp Mather, Chicago, on the morning of Oct. 13, 1861. It par- ticipated in the battles of "Winchester, Malvern Hill (the second), Morris Island, Fort Wagner, Drury's Bluff, and in numerous engagements before Petersburg and Richmond, including the capture of Fort Gregg, and was present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox. In the meantime the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Hilton Head, S. C, in September, 1863. It was mustered out at Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1865, and received final dis- charge at Chicago, December 16. Fortieth Infantry. Enlisted from the coun- ties of Franklin, Hamilton, Wayne, White, Wabash, Marion, Clay and Fayette, and mustered into service for three years at Springfield, August 10, 1861. It was engaged at Shiloh, in the siege of Corinth, at Jackson (Miss.), in the siege of Vicksburg, at Missionary Ridge, New Hope Church, Black Jack Knob, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Ezra Chapel, Gris- woldville, siege of Savannah, Columbia (S. C), and Bentonville. It re-enlisted, as veterans, at Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864, and was mustered out at Louisville, July 24, 1865, receiving final discharge at Springfield. Forty-first Infantry'. Organized at Decatur during July and August, 1861, and was mustered into service, August 5. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg and Jackson, in the Red River campaign, at Guntown, Kenesaw Mountain and Allatoona, and partici- pated in the "March to the Sea." It re-enlisted, as veterans, March 17, 1864, at Vicksburg, and was consolidated with the Fifty-third Infantry, Jan. 4, 1865, forming Companies G and H. Forty-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, July 22, 1861 ; was engaged at Island No. 10, the siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Columbia (Tenn.), was besieged at Nashville, engaged at Stone River, in the Tullahoma cam- paign, at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Pine and Kenesaw Mountains, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It re- enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864 ; was stationed in Texas from July to December, 1865; was mus- tered out at Indianola, in that State, Dec. 16, 1865, and finally discharged, at Springfield, Jan. 12, 1866. Forty-third Infantry. Organized at Spring- field in September, 1861, and mustered into service on Oct. 12. The regiment took part in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and in the campaigns in West Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas; was mustered out at Little Rock, Nov. 30, 1865, and returned to Springfield for final paj r and discharge, Dec. 14, 1865. Forty-fourth Infantry. Organized in Au- gust, 1861, at Chicago, and mustered into service, Sept. 13, 1861 ; was engaged at Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Shelby- ville, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kene- saw Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans in Tennessee, in January, 1864. From June to September, 1865, it was stationed in Louisiana and Texas, was mustered out at Port Lavaca, Sept. 25, 1865, and received final discharge, at Springfield, three weeks later. Forty-fifth Infantry. Originally called the "Washburne Lead Mine Regiment"; was organized at Galena, July 23, 1861, and mustered HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 557 into service at Chicago, Dec. 25, 1861. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of Medan, the campaign against Vicksburg, the Meridian raid, the Atlanta cam- paign, the "March to the Sea," and the advance through the Carolinas. The regiment veteran- ized in January, 1864; was mustered out of serv- ice at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865, and arrived in Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final pay and dis- charge. Distance marched in four years, 1,750 miles. Forty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, Dec. 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of Metamora, siege of Vicksburg (where five com- panies of the regiment were captured), in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered in as a veteran regiment, Jan. 4, 1864. From May, 1865, to January, 1866, it was on duty in Louisi- ana ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Jan. 20, 1866, and, on Feb. 1, 1866, finally paid and dis- charged at Springfield. Forty-seventh Infantry. Organized and mustered into service at Peoria, 111., on August 16, 1861. The regiment took part in the expe- dition against New Madrid and Island No. 10; also participated in the battles of Farmington, Iuka, the second battle of Corinth, the capture of Jackson, the siege of Vicksburg, the Red River expedition and the battle of Pleasant Hill, and in the struggle at Lake Chicot. It was ordered to Chicago to assist in quelling an antici- pated riot, in 1864, but, returning to the front, took part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and the capture of Mobile; was mustered out, Jan. 21, 1866, at Selma, Ala., and ordered to Spring- field, where it received final pay and discharge. Those members of the regiment who did not re-en- list as veterans were mustered out, Oct. 11, 1864. Forty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, September, 1861, and participated in battles and sieges as follows: Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (siege of), Vicksburg (first expedition against), Missionary Ridge, as well as in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the Sea." The regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans, at Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864; was mus- tered out, August 15, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark., and ordered to Springfield for final discharge, arriving, August 21, 1865. The distance marched was 3,000 miles; moved by water, 5,000; by rail- road, 3,450— total, 11,450. Forty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, 111., Dec. 31, 1861; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Little Rock; took part in the campaign against Meridian and in the Red River expedition, being in the battle of Pleasant Hill, Jan. 15, 1864; three- fourths of the regiment re-enlisted and were mustered in as veterans, returning to Illinois on furlough. The non- veterans took part in the battle of Tupelo. The regiment participated in the battle of Nashville, and was mustered out, Sept. 9, 1865, at Paducah, Ky., and arrived at Springfield, Sept, 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in August, 1861, and mustered into service, Sept. 12, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, Allatoona and Bentonville, besides many minor engagements. The regiment was mounted, Nov. 17, 1863; re-enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, was mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, and 'reached Springfield, the following day, for final pay and discharge. Fifty-first Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, Dec. 24, 1861 ; was engaged at New Madrid, Island No. 10, Farmington, the siege of Corinth, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- boro, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment was mustered in as veterans, Feb. 16, 1864 ; from July to September, 1865, was on duty in Texas, and mustered out, Sept. 25, 1865, at Camp Irwin, Texas, arriving at Springfield, 111., Oct. 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Fifty-second Infantry. Organized at Ge- neva in November, 1861, and mustered into serv- ice, Nov. 19. The regiment participated in the following battles, sieges and expeditions : Shiloh, Corinth (siege and second battle of), Iuka, Town Creek, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Lay's Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Decatur, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and Bentonville. It veteranized, Jan. 9, 1864; was mustered out at Louisville, July 4, 1865, and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, July 12. Fifty-third Infantry. Organized at Ottawa in the winter of 1861-62, and ordered to Chicago, Feb. 27, 1862, to complete its organization. It took part in the siege of Corinth, and was engaged at Davis' Bridge, the siege of Vicksburg, in the Meridian campaign, at Jackson, the siege of Atlanta, the "March to the Sea," the capture of Savannah and the campaign in the Carolinas, including the battle of Bentonville. The regi- ment was mustered out of service at Louisville, 558 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. July 22, 1865, and received final discharge, at Chicago, July 28. It marched 2,855 miles, and was transported by boat and cars, 4,168 miles. Over 1,800 officers and men belonged to the regi- ment during its term of service. Fifty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Anna, in November, 1861, as a part of the "Kentucky Brigade," and was mustered into service, Feb. 18, 1862. No complete history of the regiment can be given, owing to the loss of its official records. It served mainly in Kentucky, Tennes- see, Mississippi and Arkansas, and always effect- ively. Three-fourths of the men re-enlisted as veterans, in January, 1864. Six companies were captured by the rebel General Shelby, in August, 1864, and were exchanged, the following De- cember. The regiment was mustered out at Little Rock, Oct. 15, 1865 ; arrived at Springfield, Oct. 26, and was discharged. During its organi- zation, the regiment had 1,342 enlisted men and 71 commissioned officers. Fifty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, and mustered into service, Oct. 31, 1861. The regiment originally formed a part of the "Douglas Brigade," being chiefly recruited from the young farmers of Fulton, McDonough, Grundy, La Salle, De Kalb, Kane and Winnebago Counties. It participated in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, and in the Tallahatchie campaign; in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, around Vicksburg, and at Missionary Ridge ; was in the Atlanta campaign, notably in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. In all, it was engaged in thirty-one battles, and was 128 days under fire. The total mileage traveled amounted to 11,965, of which 3,240 miles were actually marched. Ke-enlisted as veterans, while at Larkinsville, Tenn.,was mustered out at Little Rock, August 14, 1865, receiving final discharge at Chicago, the same month. Fifty-sixth Infantry. Organized with com- panies principally enlisted from the counties of Massac, Pope, Gallatin, Saline, White, Hamilton, Franklin and Wayne, and mustered in at Camp Mather, near Shawneetown. The regiment par- ticipated in the siege, and second battle, of Corinth, the Yazoo expedition, the siege of Vicksburg — being engaged at Champion Hills, and in numerous assaults ; also took part in the battles of Missionary Ridge and Resaca, and in the campaign in the Carolinas, including the battle of Bentonville. Some 200 members of the regiment perished in a wreck off Cape Hatteras, March 31, 1865. It was mustered out in Arkan- sas, August 12, 1865. Fifty-seventh Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, Dec. 26, 1861, at Chicago; took part in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, and the second battle at that point ; was also engaged at Resaca, Rome Cross Roads and Allatoona; participated in the investment and capture of Savannah, and the campaign through the Carolinas, including the battle of Benton- ville. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 7, 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, July 14. Fifty-eighth Infantry. Recruited at Chi- cago, Feb. 11, 1862 ; participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, a large number of the regiment being captured during the latter engage- ment, but subsequently exchanged. It took part in the siege of Corinth and the battle of Iuka, after which detachments were sent to Springfield for recruiting and for guarding prisoners. Returning to the front, the regiment was engaged in the capture of Meridian, the Red River cam- paign, the taking of Fort de Russey, and in many minor battles in Louisiana. It was mustered out at Montgomery, Ala., April 1, 1866, and ordered to Springfield for final payment and discharge. Fifty-ninth Infantry. Originally known as the Ninth Missouri Infantry, although wholly recruited in Illinois. It was organized at St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1861, the name being changed to the Fifty-ninth Illinois, Feb. 12, 1862, by order of the War Department. It was engaged at Pea Ridge, formed part of the reserve at Farmington, took part at Perryville, Nolansville, Knob Gap and Murfreesboro, in the Tullahoma campaign and the siege of Chattanooga, in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Kingston, Dallas, Ackworth, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. Having re-enlisted as veterans, the regiment was ordered to Texas, in June, 1865, where it was mustered out, December, 1865, receiving its final discharge at Springfield. Sixtieth Infantry. Organized at Anna, 111., Feb. 17, 1862; took part in the siege of Corinth and was besieged at Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans while at the front, in January, 1864; participated in the battles of Buzzard's Roost, Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville; was mustered out at Louisville, July 31, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield. Sixty-first Infantry. Organized at Carroll- ton, 111., three full companies being mustered HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 559 in, Feb. 5, 1862. On February 21, the regiment, being still incomplete, moved to Benton Bar- racks, Mo. , where a sufficient number of recruits joined to make nine full companies. The regiment was engaged at Shiloh and Bolivar, took part in the Yazoo expedition, and re-enlisted as veter- ans early in 1864. Later, it took part in the battle of "Wilkinson's Pike (near Murfreesboro), and other engagements near that point ; was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 8, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, Septem- ber 27. Sixty-second Infantry. Organized at Anna, II]., April 10, 1862; after being engaged in several skirmishes, the regiment sustained a loss of 170 men, who were captured and paroled at Holly Springs, Miss., by the rebel General Van Dorn, where the regimental records were destroyed. The regiment took part in forcing the evacuation of Little Rock; re-enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 9, 1864 ; was mustered out at Little Rock, March 6, 1866, and oi-dered to Springfield for final payment and discharge. Sixty-third Infantry. Organized at Anna, in December, 1861, and mustered into service, April 10, 1862. It participated in the first invest- ment of Vicksburg, the capture of Richmond Hill, La., and in the battle of Missionary Ridge. On Jan. 1, 1864, 272 men re-enlisted as veterans. It took part in the capture of Savannah and in Sherman's march through the Carolinas, partici- pating in its important battles and skirmishes; was mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, reaching Springfield, July 16. The total distance traveled was 6,453 miles, of which 2,250 was on the march. Sixty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, December, 1861, as the "First Battalion of Yates Sharp Shooters." The last company was mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861. The regiment was engaged at New Madrid, the siege of Corinth, Chambers' Creek, the second battle of Corinth, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, the siege of Atlanta, the investment of Savannah and the battle of Bentonville ; re-enlisted as veterans, in January, 1864; was mustered out at Louisville, July 11, 1865, and finally discharged, at Chicago, July 18. Sixty-fifth Infantry. Originally known as the "Scotch Regiment"; was organized at Chi- cago, and mustered in, May 1, 1862. It was cap- tured and paroled at Harper's Ferry, and ordered to Chicago ; was exchanged in April, 1863 ; took part in Burnside's defense of Knoxville; re-en- listed as veterans in March, 1864, and participated in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the Sea." It was engaged in battles at Columbia (Tenn. ), Franklin and Nashville, and later, near Federal Point and Smithtown, N. C, being mus- tered out, July 13, 1865, and receiving final pay- ment and discharge at Chicago, July 26, 1865. Sixty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Benton Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo., during September and October, 1861 — being designed as a regiment of "Western Sharp Shooters" from Illinois, Mis- souri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Indiana and Ohio. It was mustered in, Nov. 23, 1861, was engaged at Mount Zion (Mo.), Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, Iuka, the second battle of Corinth, in the Atlanta campaign, the "March to the Sea" and the campaign through the Carolinas. The regiment was variously known as the Fourteenth Missouri Volunteers, Birge's Western Sharpshooters, and the Sixty- sixth Illinois Infantry. The latter (and final) name was conferred by the Secretary of War, Nov. 20, 1862. It re-enlisted (for the veteran service), in December, 1863, was mustered out at Camp Logan, Ky., July 7, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, July 15. Sixty-seventh Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, June 13, 1862, for three months' service, in response to an urgent call for the defense of Washington. The Sixty-seventh, by doing guard duty at the camps at Chicago and Springfield, relieved the veterans, who were sent to the front. Sixty-eighth Infantry. Enlisted in response to a call made by the Governor, early in the sum- mer of 1862, for State troops to serve for three months as State Militia, and was mustered in early in June, 1862. It was afterwards mustered into the United States service as Illinois Volun- teers, by petition of the men, and received marching orders, July 5, 1862 ; mustered out, at Springfield, Sept. 26, 1862 — many of the men re- enlisting in other regiments. Sixty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and mustered into service for three months, June 14, 1862. It remained on duty at Camp Douglas, guarding the camp and rebel prisoners. Seventieth Infantry. Organized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, and mustered in, July 4, 1862. It remained at Camp Butler doing guard duty. Its term of service was three months. Seventy-first Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, July 26, 1862, at Chicago, for three months. Its service was confined to garrison duty in Illi- nois and Kentucky, being mustered out at Chi- cago, Oct. 29, 1862. 660 IHSTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. Seventy-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, as the First Regiment of the Chicago Board ■of Trade, and mustered into service for three years, August 23, 1862. It was engaged at Cham- pion Hill, Vicksburg, Natchez, Franklin, Nash- ville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely; mustered out of service, at Vicksburg, August 6, 1865, and discharged at Chicago. Seventy-third Infantry. Recruited from the counties of Adams, Champaign, Christian, Hancock, Jackson, Logan, Piatt, Pike, Sanga- mon, Tazewell and Vermilion, and mustered into service at Springfield, August 21, 1862, 900 strong. I't participated in the battles of Stone River, Perryville, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Burnt Hickory, Pine and Lost Mountains, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Spring Hill, Frank- lin and Nashville ; was mustered out at Nashville, June 12, 1865, and, a few days later, went to Springfield to receive pay and final discharge. Seventy-fourth Infantry'. Organized at Rockford, in August, 1862, and mustered into service September 4. It was recruited from Win- nebago, Ogle and Stephenson Counties. This regi- ment was engaged at Perryville, Murfreesboro and Nolansville, took part in the Tullahoma campaign, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Tunnel Hill, and Rocky Face Ridge, the siege of Atlanta, and the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin .and Nashville. It was mustered out at Nashville, June 10, 1865, with 343 officers and men, the aggregate number enrolled having been 1,001. Seventy-fifth Infantry. Organized at Dixon, and mustered into service, Sept. 2, 1862. The regiment participated in the battles of Perry- ville, Nolansville, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Dalton, Resaca, Marietta.Kenesaw, Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out at Nashville, June 12, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 1, following. Seventy-sixth Infantry. Organized at Kan- kakee, 111. , in August, 1862, and mustered into the service, August 22, 1862 ; took part in the siege of Vicksburg, the engagement at Jackson, the cam- paign against Meridian, the expedition to Yazoo City, and the capture of Mobile, was ordered to Texas in June, 1865, and mustered out at Galves- ton, July 22, 1865, being paid off and disbanded at Chicago, August 4, 1865— having traveled 10,000 miles. Seventy-seventh Infantry. Organized and mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862, at Peoria; was engaged in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg (including the battle of Champion Hills), the capture of Jackson, the Red River expedition, and the bat- tles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill ; the reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, and the capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. It was mustered out of service at Mobile, July 10, 1865, and ordered to Springfield for final pay- ment and discharge, where it arrived, July 22, 1865, having participated in sixteen battles and sieges. Seventy-eighth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, and mustered into service, Sept. 1, 1862; participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville ; was mustered out, June 7, 1865, and sent to Chicago, where it was paid off and dis- charged, June 12, 1865. Seventy-ninth Infantry. Organized at Mat- toon, in August, 1862, and mustered into service, August 28, 1862; participated in the battles of Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kene- saw Mountain, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Franklin and Nashville ; was mustered out, June 12, 1865; arrived at Camp Butler, June 15, and, on June 23, received final pay and discharge. Eightieth Infantry. Organized at Centralia, 111., in August, 1862, and mustered into service, August 25, 1862. It was engaged at Perryville, Dug's Gap, Sand Mountain and Blunt's Farm, surrendering to Forrest at the latter point. After being exchanged, it participated in the battles of Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville,- Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- ville. The regiment traveled 6,000 miles and participated in more than twenty engagements. It was mustered out of service, June 10, 1865, a.nd proceeded to Camp Butler for final pay and discharge. Eighty-first Infantry. Recruited from the counties of Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Jack- son, Union, Pulaski and Alexander, and mustered into service at Anna, August 26, 1862. It partici- pated in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, and in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. Later, the regiment was engaged at Fort de Russey, Alexandria, Guntown and Nashville, besides assisting in the investment of Mobile. It was mustered out at Chicago, August 5, 1864. HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 561 Eighty-second Infantry. Sometimes called the "Second Becker Regiment," in honor of Col- onel Frederick Becker, its first Colonel, and for merly Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry— being chiefly composed of German members of Chicago. It was organized at Spring- field, Sept. 26, 1863, and mustered into service, Oct. 33, 1863; participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Or- chard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Eope Church, Dallas, Marietta, Pine Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Bentonville ; was mustered out of service, June 9, 1865, and returned to Chicago, June 16 — having marched, during its time of service, 3,503 miles. Eighty-third Infantry. Organized at Mon- mouth in August, 1863, and mustered into serv- ice, August 31. It participated in repelling the rebel attack on Fort Donelson, and in numerous hard-fought skirmishes in Tennessee, but was chiefly engaged in the performance of heavy guard duty and in protecting lines of communi- cation. The regiment was mustered out at Nash- ville, June 36, 1865, and finally paid off and discharged at Chicago, July 4, following. Eighty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in August, 1863, and mustered into serv- ice, Sept. 1, 1862, with 939 men and officers. The regiment was authorized to inscribe upon its battle-flag the names of Perryville, Stone River, Woodbury, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Burnt Bickory, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Sta- tion, Franklin, and Nashville. It was mustered out, June 8, 1865. Eighty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Peoria, about Sept. 1, 1863, and ordered to Louisville. It took part in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Knoxville, Dalton, Rocky-Face Ridge, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Savannah, Ben- tonville, Goldsboro and Raleigh; was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 5, 1865, and sent to Springfield, where the regiment was paid off and discharged on the 20th of the same month. Eighty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, August 27, 1863, at Peoria, at which time it numbered 923 men, rank and file. It took part in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville; was mustered out on June 6, 1865, at Washington, D. C, arriving on June 11, at Chicago, where, ten days later, the men received their pay and final discharge. Eighty-seventh Infantry. Enlisted in Au- gust, 1863; was composed of companies from Bamilton, Edwards, Wayne and White Counties; was organized in the latter part of August, 1862, at Shawneetown; mustered in, Oct. 3, 1862, the muster to take effect from August 2. It took part in the siege and capture of Warrenton and Jackson, and in the entire campaign through Louisiana and Southern Mississippi, participating in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads and in numer- ous skirmishes among the bayous, being mustered out, June 16, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where it arrived, June 34, 1865, and was paid off and disbanded at Camp Butler, on July 3. Eighty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, in September, 1862, and known as the "Second Board of Trade Regiment." It was mustered in, Sept. 4, 1862 ; was engaged at Perry- ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Bope Church, Pine Mountain, Mud Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 9, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, June 13, 1865, where it received final pay and discharge, June 22, 1865. Eighty-ninth Infantry. Called the "Rail- road Regiment"; was organized by the railroad companies of Illinois, at Chicago, in August, 1862, and mustered into service on the 27th of that month. It fought at Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Resaca, Rocky Face Ridge, Pickett's Mills, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Spring Bill, Columbia, Frank- lin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 10, 1865, in the field near Nashville, Tenn. ; arrived at Chicago two days later, and was finally dis- charged, June 24, after a service of two years, nine months and twenty -seven days. Ninetieth Infantry. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 7, 1862 ; participated in the siege of Vicksburg and the campaign against Jackson, and was engaged at Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, New Bope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Nickajack Creek, Rosswell, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Fort McAllister. After the review at Washington, the regiment was mustered out, June 6, and returned to Chicago, June 9, 1865, where it was finally discharged. Ninety-first Infantry. Organized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, in August, 1862, and 562 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. mustered in on Sept. 8, 1862 ; participated in the campaigns against Vicksburg and New Orleans, and all along the southwestern frontier in Louisiana and Texas, as well as in the investiture and capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Mobile, July 13, 1865, starting for home the same day, and being finally paid off and discharged on July 28, following. Ninety-second Infantry (Mounted). Organ- ized and mustered into service, Sept. 4, 1862, being recruited from Ogle, Stephenson and Car- roll Counties. During its term of service, the Ninety-second was in more than sixty battles and skirmishes, including Ringgold, Chickamauga, and the numerous engagements on the "March to the Sea, ' ' and during the pursuit of Johnston through the Carolinas. It was mustered out at Concord, N. C. , and paid and discharged from the service at Chicago, July 10, 1865. Ninety-third Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, in September, 1862, and mustered in, Oct. 13, 998 strong. It participated in the movements against Jackson and Vicksburg, and was engaged at Champion Hills and at Fort Fisher ; also was engaged in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Dallas, Resaca, and many minor engagements, following Sherman in his campaign though the Carolinas. Mustered out of service, June 23, 1865, and, on the 25th, arrived at Chicago, receiv- ing final payment and discharge, July 7, 1865, the regiment having marched 2,554 miles, traveled by water, 2,296 miles, and, by railroad, 1,237 miles — total, 6,087 miles. Ninety-fourth Infantry. Organized at Bloomington in August, 1862, and enlisted wholly in McLean County. After some warm experi ence in Southwest Missouri, the regiment took part in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and was, later, actively engaged in the campaigns in Louisiana and Texas. It participated in the cap- ture of Mobile, leading the final assault. After several months of garrison duty, the regiment was mustered out at Galveston, Texas, on July 17, 1865, reaching Bloomington on August 9, follow- ing, having served just three years, marched 1,200 miles, traveled by railroad 610 miles, and, by steamer, 6,000 miles, and taken part in nine bat- tles, sieges and skirmishes. Ninety-fifth Infantry*. Organized at Rock- ford and mustered into service, Sept. 4, 1862. It was recruited from the counties of McHenry and Boone — three companies from the latter and seven from the former. It took part in the cam- paigns in Northern Mississippi and against Vicks- burg. in the Red River expedition, the campaigns against Price in Missouri and Arkansas, against Mobile and around Atlanta. Among the battles in which the regiment was engaged were those of the Tallahatchie River, Grand Gulf, Raymond, Champion Hills, Fort de Russey, Old River, Cloutierville, Mansura, Yellow Bayou, Guntown, Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- ville. The distance traveled by the regiment, while in the service, was 9,960 miles. It was transferred to the Forty-seventh Illinois Infan- ' try, August 25, 1865. Ninety-sixth Infantry. Recruited during the months of July and August, 1862, and mus- tered into service, as a regiment, Sept. 6, 1862. The battles engaged in included Fort Donelson, Spring Hill, Franklin, Triune, Liberty Gap, Shelbyville, Chickamauga, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Rough and Ready, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Frank- lin and Nashville. Its date of final pay and dis- charge was June 30, 1865. Ninety-seventh Infantry. Organized in August and September, 1862, and mustered in on Sept. 16 ; participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black Eiver, Vicksburg, Jackson and Mobile. On July 29, 1865, it was mustered out and proceeded homeward, reaching Springfield, August 10, after an absence of three years, less a few days. Ninety-eighth Infantry. Organized at Cen- tralia, September, 1862, and mustered in, Sept. 3 ; took part in engagements at Chickamauga, Mc- Minnville, Farmington and Selma, besides many others of less note. It was mustered out, June 27, 1865, the recruits being transferred to the Sixty-first Illinois Volunteers. The regiment arrived at Springfield, June 30, and received final payment and discharge, July 7, 1865. Ninety t -ninth Infantry. Organized in Pike County and mustered in at Florence, August 23, 1862; participated in the following battles and skirmishes: Beaver Creek, Hartsville, Magnolia Hills, Raymond, Champion Hills, Black River, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Esperanza, Grand Coteau, Fish River, Spanish Fort and Blakely: days under fire, 62; miles traveled, 5,900; men killed in battle, 38; men died of wounds and disease, 149; men discharged for disability, 127; men deserted, 35; officers killed in battle, 3; HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 563 officers died, 2; officers resigned, 26. The regi- ment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, July 31, 1865, and paid off and discharged, August 9, following. One Hundredth Infantry. Organized at Joliet, in August, 1862, and mustered in, August 30. The entire regiment was recruited in Will County. It was engaged at Bardstowu, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Nashville; was mustered out of service, June 12, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, June 15, where it received final payment and discharge. One Hundred and First Infantry. Organ- ized at Jacksonville during the latter part of the month of August, 1862, and, on Sept. 2, 1862, was mustered in. It participated in the battles of Wauhatchie, Chattanooga, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw and Pine Mountains, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Bentonville. On Dec. 20, 1862, five companies were captured at Holly Springs, Miss., paroled and sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and formally exchanged in June, 1863. On the 7th of June, 1865, it was mustered out, and started for Springfield, where, on the 21st of June, it was paid off and disbanded. One Hundred and Second Infantry. Organ- ized at Knoxville, in August, 1862, and mustered in, September 1 and 2. It was engaged at Resaca, Camp Creek, Burnt Hickory, Big Shanty, Peach Tree Creek and Averysboro; mustered out of service June 6, 1865, and started home, arriving at Chicago on the 9th, and, June 14, received final payment and discharge. One Hundred and Third Infantry. Re- cruited wholly in Fulton County, and mustered into the service, Oct. 2, 1862. It took part in the Grierson raid, the sieges of Vicksburg, Jack- son, Atlanta and Savannah, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Dal- las, Kenesaw Mountain and Griswoldsville ; was also in the campaign through the Carolinas. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, June 21, and received final discharge at Chi- cago, July 9, 1865. The original strength of the regiment was 808, and 84 recruits were enlisted. One Hundred and Fourth Infantry. Organ- ized at Ottawa, in August, 1862, and composed almost entirely of La Salle County men. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Harts- ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission- ary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro and Bentonville, besides many severe skirmishes ; was mustered out at Washing- ton, D. G, June 6, 1865, and, a few days later, received final discharge at Chicago. One Hundred and Fifth Infantry. Mus- tered into service, Sept. 2, 1862, at Dixon, and participated in the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, and almost constantly skirmishing; also took part in the "March to the Sea" and the campaign in the Carolinas, including the siege of Savannah and the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville. It was mustered out at Washing- ton, D. C, June 7, 1865, and paid off and dis- charged at Chicago, June 17. One Hundred and Sixth Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1862, eight of the ten companies having been recruited in Logan County, the other two being from San- gamon and Menard Counties. It aided in the defense of Jackson, Tenn., where Company "C" was captured and paroled, being exchanged in the summer of 1863; took part in the siege of Vicksburg, the Yazoo expedition, the capture of Little Rock, the battle of Clarendon, and per- formed service at various points in Arkansas. It was mustered out, July 12, 1865, at Pine Bluff, Ark., and arrived at Springfield, July 24, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge One Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Springfield, Sept. 4, 1862; was composed of six companies from DeWitt and four companies from Piatt County. It was engaged at Campbell's Station, Dandridge, Rocky-Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nashville and Fort Anderson, and mustered out, June 21, 1865, at Salisbury, N. C, reaching Springfield, for final payment and discharge, July 2, 1865. One Hundred and Eighth Infantry. Organ- ized at Peoria, and mustered into service, August 28, 1862 ; took part in the first expedition against Vicksburg and in the battles of Arkansas Post (Fort Hindman), Port Gibson and Champion Hills ; in the capture of Vicksburg, the battle of Guntown, the reduction of Spanish Fort, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Vicks- burg, August 5, 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, August 11. One Hundred and Ninth Infantry. Re- cruited from Union and Pulaski Counties and mustered into the service, Sept. 11, 1862. Owing to its number being greatly reduced, it was con- solidated with the Eleventh Infantry in April, 1863. (See Eleventh Infantry.) One Hundred and Tenth Infantry. Organ- ized at Anna and mustered in, Sept. 11, 1862 ; was 564 HISTOBICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. engaged at Stone River, Woodbury, and in numerous skirmishes in Kentucky and Tennessee. In May, 1863, the regiment was consolidated, its numbers having been greatly reduced. Subse- quently it participated in the battles of Chicka- mauga and Missionary Ridge, the battles around Atlanta and the campaign through the Carolinas, being present at Johnston's surrender. The regi- ment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 5, 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, June 15. The enlisted men whose term of service had not expired at date of muster-out, were consolidated into four companies and trans- ferred to the Sixtieth .Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry. One Hundred and Eleventh Infantry. Re- cruited from Marion, Clay, Washington, Clinton and Wayne Counties, and mustered into the serv- ice at Salem, Sept. 18, 1862. The regiment aided in the capture of Decatur, Ala. ; took part in the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro ; partici- pated in the "March to the Sea" and the cam- paign in the Carolinas, taking part in the battles of Fort McAllister and Bentonville. It was mus- tered out at Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865, receiving final discharge at Springfield, June 27, having traveled 3,736 miles, of which 1,836 was on the march. One Hundred and Twelfth Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Peoria, Sept. 20 and 22, 1862 ; participated in the campaign in East Ten- nessee, undei Burnside, and in that against Atlanta, under Sherman; was also engaged in the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, and the capture of Fort Anderson and Wilming- ton. It was mustered out at Goldsboro, N. C, June 20, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 7, 1865. One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry. Left Camp Hancock (near Chicago) for the front, Nov. 6, 1862; was engaged in the Tallahatchie expedition, participated in the battle of Chicka- saw Bayou, and was sent North to guard prison- ers and recruit. The regiment also took part in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, was mustered out, June 20, 1865, and finally discharged at Chi- cago, five days later. One Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry. Organized in July and August, 1862, and mustered in at Springfield, Sept. 18, being recruited from Cass, Menard and Sangamon Counties. The regi- ment participated in the battle of Jackson (Miss.), the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Guntown and Harrisville, the pursuit of Price through Missouri, the battle of Nash- ville, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Vicksburg, August 3, 1865, receiving final payment and discharge at Springfield, August 15, 1865. One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry. Ordered to the front from Springfield, Oct. 4, 1862 ; was engaged at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Resaca and in all the principal battles of the Atlanta campaign, and in the defense of Nashville and pursuit of Hood; was mustered out of service, June 11, 1865, and received final pay and discharge, June 23, 1865, at Springfield. One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry. Recruited almost wholly from Macon County, numbering 980 officers and men when it started from Decatur for the front on Nov. 8, 1862. It participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Stone Mountain, Atlanta, Fort McAllister and Bentonville, and was mustered out, June 7, 1865, near Washington, D. C. One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Sept. 19, 1862 ; participated in the Meridian campaign, the Red River expedition (assisting in the cap- ture of Fort de Russey), and in the battles of Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Franklin, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It was mustered out at Springfield, August 5, 1865, having traveled 9,276 miles, 2,307 of which were marched. One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry. Organized and mustered into the service at Springfield, Nov. 7, 1862 ; was engaged at Chicka- saw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Cham- pion Hills, Black River Bridge, Jackson (Miss.), Grand Coteau, Jackson (La.), and Amite River. The regiment was mounted, Oct. 11, 1863, and dismounted, May 22, 1865. Oct. 1, I860, it was mustered out, and finally discharged, Oct. 13. At the date of the muster-in, the regiment num- bered 820 men and officers, received 283 recruits, making a total of 1,103; at muster-out it num- bered 523. Distance marched, 2,000 miles; total distance traveled, 5,700 miles. One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in September, 1862, and was mustered into the United States service, October 10 ; was engaged in the Red River cam- paign and in the battles of Shreveport, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 565 Blakely. Its final muster-out took place at Mobile, August 26, 1865, and its discharge at Springfield. One Hundred and Twentiety Infantry. Mustered into the service, Oct. 28, 1862, at Spring- field ; was mustered out, Sept. 7, 1865, and received final payment and discharge, September 10, at Springfield. One Hundred and Twenty-first Infan- try. (The organization of this regiment was not completed.) One Hundred and Twenty-second Infan- try. Organized at Carlinville, in August, 1862, and mustered into the service, Sept. 4, with 960 enlisted men. It participated in the battles of Tupelo and Nashville, and in the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, and was mustered out, July 15, 1865, at Mobile, and finally dis- charged at Springfield, August 4. One Hundred and Twenty-third Infan- try. Mustered into service at Mattoon, Sept. 6, 1862; participated in the battles of Perryville, Milton, Hoover's Gap, and Farmington ; also took part in the entire Atlanta campaign, marching as cavalry and fighting as infantry. Later, it served as mounted infantry in Kentucky, Tennes- see and Alabama, taking a prominent part in the capture of Selma. The regiment was discharged at Springfield, July 11, 1865 — the recruits, whose terms had not expired, being transferred to the Sixty-first Volunteer Infantry. One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infan- try. Mustered into the service, Sept. 10, 1862, at Springfield; took part in the Vicksburg campaign and in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond and Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg, the Meridian raid, the Yazoo expedition, and the capture of Mobile. On the 16th of August, 1865, eleven days less than three years after the first company went into camp at Springfield, the regi- ment was mustered out at Chicago. Colonel Howe's history of the battle-flag of the regiment, stated that it had been borne 4,100 miles, in four- teen skirimishes, ten battles and two sieges of forty-seven days and nights, and thirteen days and nights, respectively. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862; par- ticipated in the battles of Perryville, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro, and in the "March to the Sea" and the Carolina cam- paign, being engaged at Averysboro and Benton- ville. It was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 9, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago. One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infan- try. Organized at Alton and mustered in, Sept. 4, 1862, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. Six companies were engaged in skirmish line, near Humboldt, Tenn. , and the regiment took part in the capture of Little Rock and in the fight at Clarendon, Ark. It was mustered out July 12, 1865. One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infan- try. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 6, 1862; took part in the first campaign against Vicksburg, and in the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg under Grant, the capture of Jackson (Miss.), the battles of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, the Meridian raid, and in the fighting at Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; also accom- panied Sherman in his march through Georgia and the Carolinas, taking part in the battle of Bentonville ; was mustered out at Chicago. June 17, 1865. One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infan- try. Mustered in, Dec. 18, 1862, but remained in service less than five months, when, its num- ber of officers and men having been reduced from 860 to 161 (largely by desertions), a number of officers were dismissed, and the few remaining officers and men were formed into a detachment, and transferred to another Illinois regiment. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infan- try. Organized at Pontiac, in August, 1862, and mustered into the service Sept. 8. Prior to May, 1864, the regiment was chiefly engaged in garri- son duty. It marched with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and through Georgia and the Carolinas, and took part in the battles of Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Lost Mountain, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Benton- ville. It received final pay and discharge at Chi- cago, June 10, 1865. One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, Oct. 25, 1862 ; was engaged at Port Gib- son, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicks- burg, Jackson (Miss.), and in the Red River expedition. While on this expedition almost the entire regiment was captured at the battle of Mansfield, and not paroled until near the close of the war. The remaining officers and men were consolidated with the Seventy-seventh Infantry in January, 1865, and participated in the capture of Mobile. Six months later its regimental re- organization, as the One Hundred and Thirtieth, was ordered. It was mustered out at New Orleans, August 15, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, August 31. 566 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. One Hundred and Thirty-first Infan- try. Organized in September, 1862, and mus- tered into the service, Nov. 13, with 815 men, exclusive of officers. In October, 1863, it was consolidated with the Twenty-ninth Infantry, and ceased to exist as a separate organization. Up to that time the regiment had been in but a few conflicts and in no pitched battle. One Hundred and Thirty-second Infan- try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in for 100 days from June 1, 1864. The regiment re- mained on duty at Paducah until the expiration of its service, when it moved to Chicago, and was mustered out, Oct. 17, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-third Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in for one hundred days, May 31, 1864; was engaged during its term of service in guarding prisoners of war at Rock Island ; was mustered out, Sept. 4, 1864, at Camp Butler. One Hundred and Thirty -fourth Infan- try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in, May 31, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to garrison duty at Columbus, Ky., and mustered out of service, Oct. 25, 1864, at Chicago. One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered in for 100-days' service at Mat- toon, June 6, 1864, having a strength of 852 men. It was chiefly engaged, during its term of service, in doing garrison duty and guarding railroads. It was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 28, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Infan- try. Enlisted about the first of May, 1864, for 100 days, and went into camp at Centralia, 111., but was not mustered into service until June 1, following. Its principal service was garrison duty, with occasional scouts and raids amongst guerrillas. At the end of its term of service the regiment re-enlisted for fifteen days; was mus- tered out at Springfield, Oct. 22, 1864, and dis- charged eight days later One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Infan- try. Organized at Quincy, with ex-Gov. John Wood as its Colonel, and mustered in, June 5, 1864, for 100 days. Was on duty at Memphis, Tenn , and mustered out of service at Spring- field. 111.. Sept. 4, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Infan- try Organized at Quincy, and mustered in, June 21, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to garri- son duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and in Western Missouri. It was mustered out of serv- ice at Springfield, 111., Oct. 14, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infan- try. Mustered into service as a 100-day's regi- ment, at Peoria, June 1, 1864; was engaged in garrison duty at Columbus and Cairo, in making reprisals for guerrilla raids, and in the pursuit of the Confederate General Price in Missouri. The latter service was rendered, at the President's request, after the term of enlistment had expired. It was mustered out at Peoria, Oct. 25, 1864, hav- ing been in the service nearly five months. One Hundred and Fourtieth Infantry. Organized as a 100-days' regiment, at Springfield, June 18, 1864, and mustered into service on that date. The regiment was engaged in guarding railroads between Memphis and Holly Springs, and in garrison duty at Memphis. After the term of enlistment had expired and the regiment had been mustered out, it aided in the pursuit of General Price through Missouri; was finally dis- charged at Chicago, after serving about five months One Hundred and Forty-first Infan- try*. Mustered into service as a 100-days' regi- ment, at Elgin, June 16, 1864: — strength, 842 men; departed for the field, June 27, 1864; was mus- tered out at Chicago, Oct. 10, 1864. One Hundred and Forty-second Infan- try. Organized at Freeport as a battalion of eight companies, and sent to Camp Butler, where two companies were added and the regiment mustered into service for 100 days, June 18, 1864. It was ordered to Memphis, Tenn., five days later, and assigned to duty at White's Station, eleven miles from that city, where it was employed in guarding the Memphis & Charleston railroad. It was mustered out at Chicago, on Oct, 27, 1864, the men having voluntarily served one month beyond their term of enlistment. One Hundred and Forty-third Infan- try-. Organized at Mattoon, and mustered in, June 11, 1864, for 100 days. It was assigned to garrison duty, and mustered out at Mattoon, Sept. 26, 1864. One Hundred and Forty-fourth Infan- try. Organized at Alton, in 1864, as a one-year regiment; was mustered into the service, Oct. 21, its strength being 1,159 men. It was mustered out, July 14, 1865. One Hundred, and Forty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered into service at Springfield, June 9, 1864 ; strength, 880 men. It departed for the field, June 12, 1864; was mustered out, Sept. 23, 1864. One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 18, 1864, for one year. Was assigned to the duty of guarding drafted men at Brighton, Quincy, Jacksonville HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 567 and Springfield, and mustered out at Springfield July 5, 1865. One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infan- try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered into service for one year, Feb. 18 and 19, 1805; was engaged chiefly on guard or garrison duty, in scouting and in skirmishing with guerrillas. Mustered out at Nashville, Jan. 22, 1866, and received final discharge at Springfield, Feb. 4. One Hundred and Forty-eighth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for the term of one year ; was assigned to garrison and guard duty and mustered out, Sept. 5, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn ; arrived at Springfield, Sept. 9, 1865, where it was paid off and discharged. One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 11, 1865, and mustered in for one year; was engaged in garrison and guard duty ; mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866, at Dalton, Ga., and ordered to Springfield, where it received final payment and discharge. One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Feb. 14, 1865, for one year ; was on duty in Tennessee and Georgia, guarding railroads and garrisoning towns. It was mustered out, Jan. 16, 1866, at Atlanta, Ga. , and ordered to Springfield, where it received final payment and discharge. One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry*. This regiment was organized at Quincy, 111., and mustered into the United States service, Feb. 23, 1865, and was composed of companies from various parts of the State, recruited, under the call of Dec. . 19, 1864. It was engaged in guard duty, with a few guerrilla skirmishes, and was present at the surrender of General War- ford's army, at Kingston, Ga. ; was mustered out at Columbus, Ga., Jan. 24, 1866, and ordered to Springfield, where it received final payment and discharge, Feb. 8, 1866. One Hundred and Fifty-second Infan- try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in, Feb. 18, 1865, for one year ; was mustered out of service, to date Sept. 11, at Memphis, Tenn., and arrived at Camp Butler, Sept. 9, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge. One Hundred and Fifty-third Infan- try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered in, Feb. 27, 1865, for one year; was not engaged in any battles. It was mustered out, Sept. 15, 1865, and moved to Springfield, 111., and, Sept. 24, received final pay and discharge. One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for one year. Sept. 18, 1865, the regiment was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., and ordered to Springfield for final payment and discharge, where it arrived, Sept. 22 ; was paid off and dis- charged at Camp Butler, Sept. 29. One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in Feb. 28, 1865, for one year, 904 strong. On Sept. 4, 1865, it was mustered out of service, and moved to Camp Butler, where it received final pay and discharge. One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Infan- try. Organized and mustered in during the months of February and March, 1865, from the northern counties of the State, for the term of one year. The officers of the regiment have left no written record of its history, but its service seems to have been rendered chiefly in Tennessee in the neighborhood of Memphis, Nashville and Chattanooga. Judging by the muster-rolls of the Adjutant-General, the regiment would appear to have been greatly depleted by desertions and otherwise, the remnant being finally mustered out, Sept. 20, 1865. First Cavalry. Organized — consisting of seven companies, A, B, C, D, E, F and G— at Alton, in 1861, and mustered into the United States service, July 3. After some service in Missouri, the regiment participated in the battle of Lexington, in that State, and was surrendered, with the remainder of the garrison, Sept. 20, 1861. The officers were paroled, and the men sworn not to take up arms again until discharged. No ex- change having been effected in November, the non-commissioned officers and privates were ordered to Springfield and discharged. In June, 1862, the regiment was reorganized at Benton Barracks, Mo., being afterwards employed in guarding supply trains and supply depots at various points. Mustered out, at Benton Bar- racks, July 14, 1862. Second Cavalry. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, August 12, 1861, with Company M (which joined the regiment some months later), numbering 47 commissioned offi- cers and 1,040 enlisted men. This number was in- creased by recruits and re-enlistments, during its four and a half year's term of service, to 2,236 enlisted men and 145 commissioned officers. It was engaged at Belmont ; a portion of the regi- ment took part in the battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh, another portion at Merri weather's Ferry, Bolivar and Holly Springs, and participated in the investment of Vicksburg. In January, 1864, the major part of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, later, participating in the 568 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. Red River expedition and the investment of Fort Blakely. It was mustered out at San Antonio, Tex., Nov. 22, 1865, and finally paid and dis- charged at Springfield, Jan. 3, 1866. Third Cavalry. Composed of twelve com- panies, from various localities in the State, the grand total of company officers and enlisted men, under the first organization, being 1,433. It was organized at Springfield, in August, 1861 ; partici- pated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Haines' Bluff, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg. In July, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans. The remainder were mus- tered out, Sept. 5, 1864. The veterans participated in the repulse of Forrest, at Memphis, and in the battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbells- ville and Franklin. From May to October, 1865, engaged in service against the Indians in the Northwest The regiment was mustered out at Springfield, Oct. 18, 1865. Fourth Cavalry. Mustered into service, Sept. 26, 1861, and participated in thp battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh; in the siege of Corinth, and in many engagements of less historic note ; was mustered out at Springfield in November, 1864. By order of the War Depart- ment, of June 18, 1805, the members of the regiment whose terms had not expired, were con- solidated with the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry. Fifth Cavalry. Organized at Camp Butler, in November, 1861; took part in the Meridian raid and the expedition against Jackson, Miss., and in numerous minor expeditions, doing effect- ive work at Canton, Grenada, Woodville, and other points. On Jan. 1, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Its final muster-out took place, Oct. 27, 1865, and it re- ceived final payment and discharge, October 30. Sixth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, Nov. 19, 1861; participated in Sherman's advance upon Grenada ; in the Grierson raid through Mis- sissippi and Louisiana, the siege of Port Hudson, the battles of Moscow (Tenn), West Point (Miss.), Franklin and Nashville; re-enlisted as veterans, March 30, 1864; was mustered out at Selma, Ala., Nov. 5, 1865, and received discharge, November SO, at Springfield. Seventh Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, and was musteredinto service, Oct. 13, 1861. It participated in the battles of Farmington, Iuka, Corinth (second battle) ; in Grierson's raid through Mississippi and Louisiana; in the en- gagement at Plain's Store (La.), and the invest- ment of Port Hudson. In March, 1864, 288 officers and men re-enlisted as veterans. The non-veterans were engaged at Guntown, and the entire regiment took part in the battle of Frank- lin. After the close of hostilities, it was stationed in Alabama and Mississippi, until the latter part of October, 1865 ; was mustered out at Nashville, and finally discharged at Springfield, Nov. 17, 1865. Eighth Cavalry. Organized at St. Charles, 111., and mustered in, Sept. 18, 1861. The regi- ment was ordered to Virginia, and participated in the general advance on Manassas in March, 1862; was engaged at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Hill, Malvern Hill, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Middle- town, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Sulphur Springs, Warrenton, Rapidan Station, Northern Neck, Gettysburg, Williams- burg, Funkstown, Falling Water, Chester Gap Sandy Hook, Culpepper, Brandy Station, and in many raids and skirmishes. It was mustered out of service at Benton Barracks, Mo., July 17, 1865, and ordered to Chicago, where it received final payment and discharge. Ninth Cavalry Organized at Chicago, in the autumn of 1861, and mustered in, November 30 ; was engaged at Coldwater, Grenada, Wyatt, Saulsbury, Moscow, Guntown, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Hurricane Creek, Lawrence- burg, Campellsville, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, March 16, 1864; was mustered out of service, at Selma, Ala., Oct. 31, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where the men received final payment and discharge. Tenth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield in the latter part of September, 1861, and mustered into service, Nov. 25, 1861 ; was engaged at Prairie Grove, Cotton Plant, Arkansas Post, in the Yazoo Pass expedition, at Richmond (La,), Brownsville, Bayou Metoe, Bayou La Fourche and Little Rock. In February, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans, the non- veterans accompanying General Banks in his Red River expedition. On Jan. 27, 1865, the veterans, and recruits were consolidated with the Fifteenth Cavalry, and all reorganized under the name of the Tenth Illinois Veteran Volunteer Cavalry. Mustered out of service at San Antonio, Texas, Nov. 22, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield, Jan. 6, 1866. Eleventh Cavalry. Robert G. Ingersoll of Peoria, and Basil D. Meeks, of Woodford County, obtained permission to raise a regiment of cavalry, and recruiting commenced in October, 1861. The regiment was recruited from the counties of Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Woodford, HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 569 Marshall, Stark, Knox, Henderson and Warren; was mustered into the service at Peoria, Dec. 20, 1861, and was first under fire at Shiloh. It also took part in the raid in the rear of Corinth, and in the battles of Bolivar, Corinth (second battle), Iuka, Lexington and Jackson (Tenn.); in Mc- pherson's expedition to Canton and Sherman's Meridian raid, in the relief of Yazoo City, and in numerous less important raids and skirmishes. Most of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans in December, 1863; the non- veterans being mus- tered out at Memphis, in the autumn of 1864. The veterans were mustered out at the same place, Sept. 30, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, October 20. Twelfth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, in February, 1862, and remained there guarding rebel prisoners until June 25, when it was mounted and sent to Martinsburg, Va. It was engaged at Fredericksburg, Williamsport, Falling "Waters, the Rapidan and Stevensburg. On Nov. 26, 1863, the regiment was relieved from service and ordered home to reorganize as veterans. Subsequently it joined Banks in the Red River expedition and in Davidson's expedition against Mobile. While at Memphis the Twelfth Cavalry was consolidated into an eight-company organi- zation, and the Fourth Cavalry, having previously been consolidated into a battalion of five com- panies, was consolidated with the Twelfth. The consolidated regiment was mustered out at Houston, Texas, May 29, 1866, and, on June 18, received final pay and discharge at Springfield. Thirteenth Cavalry. Organized at Chicago, in December, 1861 ; moved to the front from Benton Barracks, Mo., in February, 1862, and was engaged in the following battles and skir- mishes (all in Missouri and Arkansas) : Putnam's Ferry, Cotton Plant, Union City (twice), Camp Pillow, Bloomfield (first and second battles), Van Buren, Allen, Eleven Point River, Jackson, White River, Chalk Bluff, Bushy Creek, near Helena, Grand Prairie, White River, Deadman's Lake, Brownsville, Bayou Metoe, Austin, Little Rock, Benton, Batesville, Pine Bluff, Arkadel- phia, Okolona, Little Missouri River, Prairie du Anne, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry, Cross Roads, Mount Elba, Douglas Landing and Monticello. The regiment was mustered out, August 31, 1865, and received final pay and discharge at Spring- field, Sept. 13, 1865. Fourteenth Cavalry. Mustered into service at Peoria, in January and February, 1863; par- ticipated in the battle of Cumberland Gap, in the defense of Knoxville and the pursuit of Long- street, in the engagements at Bean Station and Dandridge, in the Macon raid, and in the cavalry battle at Sunshine Church. In the latter Gen- eral Stoneman surrendered, but the Fourteenth cut its way out. On their retreat the men were betrayed by a guide and the regiment badly cut up and scattered, those escaping being hunted by soldiers with bloodhounds. Later, it was engaged at Waynesboro and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and was mustered out at Nashville, July 31, 1865, having marched over 10,000 miles, exclusive of duty done by detachments. Fifteenth Cavalry. Composed of companies originally independent, attached to infantry regi- ments and acting as such; participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the siege and capture of Corinth. Regimental or- ganization was effected in the spring of 1863, and thereafter it was engaged chiefly in scouting and post duty. It was mustered out at Springfield, August 25, 1864, the recruits (whose term of service had not expired) being consolidated with the Tenth Cavalry. Sixteenth Cavalry. Composed principally of Chicago men — Thieleman's and Schambeck's Cavalry Companies, raised at the outset of the war, forming the nucleus of the regiment. The former served as General Sherman's body-guard for some time. Captain Thieleman was made a Major and authorized to raise a battalion, the two companies named thenceforth being known as Thieleman's Battalion. In September, 1862, the War Department authorized the extension of the battalion to a regiment, and, on the 11th of June, 1863, the regimental organization was com- pleted. It took part in the East Tennessee cam- paign, a portion of the regiment aiding in the defense of Knoxville, a part garrisoning Cumber- and Gap, and one battalion being captured by Longstreet. The regiment also participated in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kingston, Cassville, Carterville, Allatoona, Kenesaw, Lost Mountain, Mines Ridge, Powder Springs, Chattahoochie, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. It arrived in Chicago, August 23, 1865, for final payment and discharge, having marched about 5,000 miles and engaged in thirty -one battles, besides numer- ous skirmishes. Seventeenth Cavalry. Mustered into serv- ice in January and February, 1864 ; aided in the repulse of Price at Jefferson City, Mo., and was engaged at Booneville, Independence, Mine Creek, and Fort Scott, besides doing garrison duty, scouting and raiding. It was mustered 570 HISTOEIOAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. out in November and December, 1865, at Leaven- worth, Kan. Gov. John L. Beveridge, who had previously been a Captain and Major of the Eighth Cavalry, was the Colonel of this regi- ment. First Light Artillery. Consisted of ten batteries. Battery A was organized under the first call for State troops, April 21, 1801, but not mustered into the three years' service until July 16; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, and in the Atlanta cam- paign; was in reserve at Champion Hills and Nashville, and mustered out July 3, 1805, at 'Chicago. Battery B was organized in April, 1861, en- gaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the siege of Corinth and at La Grange, Holly Springs, Memphis, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg, Meohanicsburg, Richmond (La.), the Atlanta campaign and the battle of Nashville. The Battery was reorganized by con- solidation with Battery A, and mustered out at Chicago, July 2, 1865. Battery D was organized at Cairo, Sept. 2, 1861 ; •was engaged at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, and mustered out, July 28, 1865, at Chicago. Battery E was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered into service, Dec. 19, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, Vicksburg, Gun- town, Pontotoc, Tupelo and Nashville, and mus- tered out at Louisville, Dec. 24, 18G4. Battery F was recruited at Dixon and mus- tered in at Springfield, Feb. 25, 1862. It took part in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona expedition, and was consolidated with the other batteries in the regiment, March 7, 1865. Battery G was organized at Cairo and mus- tered in Sept. 28, 1861 ; was engaged in the siege and the second battle of Corinth, and mustered ■ out at Springfield, July 24, 1865. Battery H was recruited in and about Chicago, during January and February, 1862 ; participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Vicksburg, and in the Atlanta campaign, the "March to the Sea," and through the Carolinas with Sherman. Battery I was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered in, Feb. 10, 1862; was engaged at Shiloh, in the Tallahatchie raid, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, and in the battles of Chattanooga and Vicksburg It veteranized, March 17, 1864, and was mustered out, July 26, 1865. Battery K was organized at Shawneetown and mustered in, Jan. 9, 1862, participated in Burn- side's campaign in Tennessee, and in the capture of Knoxville. Part of the men were mustered out at Springfield in June, 1865, and the re- manider at Chicago in July. Battery M was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered into the service, August 12, 1862, for three years. It served through the Chickamauga campaign, being engaged at Chickamauga; also was engaged at Missionary Ridge, was besieged at Chattanooga, and took part in all the impor- tant battles of the Atlanta campaign. It was mustered out at Chicago, July 24, 1864, having traveled 3,102 miles and been under fire 178 days. Second Light Artillery. Consisted of nine batteries. Battery A was organized at Peoria, and mustered into service, May 23, 1861 ; served in Missouri and Arkansas, doing brilliant work at Pea Ridge. It was mustered out of service at Springfield, July 27, 1865. Battery D was organized at Cairo, and mustered into service in December, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Jackson, Meridian and Decatur, and mustered out at Louisville, Nov. 21, 1864. Battery E was organized at St. Louis, Mo., in August, 1861, and mustered into service, August 20, at that point. It was engaged at Fort Donel- son and Shiloh, and in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona expedition — was consolidated with Battery A. Battery F was organized at Cape Girardeau, Mo., and mustered in, Dec. 11, 1861; was engaged at Shiloh, in the siege and second battle of Corinth, and the Meridian campaign; also at Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro. It was mustered out, July 27, 1865, at Springfield. Battery H was organized at Springfield, De- cember, 1861, and mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson and in the siege of Fort Pillow; veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, was mounted as cavalry the following summer, and mustered out at Springfield, July 29, 1865. Battery I was recruited in Will County, and mustered into service at Camp Butler, Dec. 31, 1861. It participated in the siege of Island No. 10, in the advance upon Cornith, and in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Chattanooga. It veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, marched with Sher- man to Atlanta, and thence to Savannah and through the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Springfield. Battery K was organized at Springfield and mustered in Dec. 31, 1863; was engaged at Fort Pillow, the capture of Clarkston, Mo., and the HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 571 siege of Vicksburg. It was mustered out, July 14, 1865, at Chicago. Battery L was organized at Chicago and mus- tered in, Feb. 28, 1802; participated in the ad- vance on Corinth, the battle of Hatchie and the advance on the Tallahatchie, and was mustered out at Chicago, August 9, 1865. Battery M was organized at Chicago, and mus- tered in at Springfield, June, 1862 ; was engaged at Jonesboro, Blue Spring, Blountsville and Rogersville, being finally consolidated with other batteries of the regiment. Chicago Boaed of Teade Batteet. Organ- ized through the efforts of the Chicago Board of Trade, which raised §15,000 for its equipment, within forty-eight hours. It was mustered into service, August 1, 1862, was engaged at Law- renceburg, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Farmington, Decatur (Ga.), Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Nashville, Selma and Columbus (Ga. ) It was mustered out at Chicago, June 30, 1865, and paid in full, July 3, having marched 5,268 miles and traveled by rail 1,231 miles. The battery was in eleven of the hardest battles fought in the West, and in twenty-six minor battles, being in action forty-two times while on scouts, reconnoissances or outpost duty. Chicago Meecantile Batteey. Recruited and organized under the auspices of the Mercan- tile Association, an association of prominent and patriotic merchants of the City of Chicago. It was mustered into service, August 29, 1862, at Camp Douglas, participated in the Tallahatchie and Yazoo expeditions, the first attack upon Vicksburg, the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg, the battles of Magnolia Hills, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge and Jackson (Miss. ) ; also took part in Banks' Red River ex- pedition; was mustered out at Chicago, and received final payment, July 10, 1865, having traveled, by river, sea and land, over 11,000 miles. Springfield Light Abtilleey. Recruited principally from the cities of Springfield, Belle- ville and Wenona, and mustered into service at Springfield, for the term of three years, August 21, 1862, numbering 199 men and officers. It participated in the capture of Little Rook and in the Red River expedition, and was mustered out at Springfield, 114 strong, June 30, 1865. Cogswell's Batteey, Light Aetilleby. Organized at Ottawa, 111., and mustered in, Nov. 11, 1861, as Company A (Artillery) Fifty-third Illinois Volunteers, Colonel Cushman command- ing the regiment. It participated in the advance on Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Missionary Ridge, and the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile. The regiment was mustered out at Springfield, August 14, 1865, having served three years and nine months, marched over 7,500 miles, and partici- pated in seven sieges and battles. Stueges Rifles. An independent company, organized at Chicago, armed, equipped and sub- sisted for nearly two months, by the patriotic generosity of Mr. Solomon Sturges ; was mustered into service, May 6, 1861 ; in June following, was ordered to West Virginia, serving as body- guard of General McClellan; was engaged at Rich Mountain, in the siege of Yorktown, and in the seven days' battle of the Chiokahominy. A portion of the company was at Antietam, the remainder having been detached as foragers, scouts, etc. It was mustered out at Washington, Nov. 25, 1862. WAR, THE SPANISH - AMERICAN. The oppressions and misrule which had character- ized the administration of affairs by the Spanish Government and its agents for generations, in the Island of Cuba, culminated, in April, 1898, in mutual declarations of war between Spain and the United States. The causes leading up to this result were the injurious effects upon American commerce and the interests of American citizens owning property in Cuba, as well as the constant expense imposed upon the Government of the United States in the maintenance of a large navy along the South Atlantic coast to suppress fili- bustering, superadded to the friction and unrest produced among the people of this country by the long continuance of disorders and abuses so near to our own shores, which aroused the sympathy and indignation of the entire civilized world. For three years a large proportion of the Cuban population had been in open rebellion against the Spanish Government, and, while the latter had imported a large army to the island and sub- jected the insurgents and their families and sympathizers to the grossest cruelties, not even excepting torture and starvation itself, their policy had failed to bring the insurgents into subjection or to restore order. In this condition of affairs the United States Government had endeavored, through negotiation, to secure a miti- gation of the evils complained of, by a modifica- tion of the Spanish policy of government in the island ; but all suggestions in this direction had either been resented by Spain as unwarrantable interference in her affairs, or promises of reform, when made, had been as invariably broken. 572 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. In the meantime an increasing sentiment had been growing up in the United States in favor of conceding belligerent rights to the Cuban insur- gents, or the recognition of their independence, which found expression in measures proposed in Congress — all offers of friendly intervention by the United States having been rejected by Spain with evidences of indignation. Compelled, at last, to recognize its inability to subdue the insur- rection, the Spanish Government, in November, 1897, made a pretense of tendering autonomy to the Cuban people, with the privilege of amnesty to the insurgents on laying down their arms. The long duration of the war and the outrages perpetrated upon the helpless "reconcentrados, " coupled with the increased confidence of the insurgents in the final triumph of their cause, rendered this movement — even if intended to be carried out to the letter — of no avail. The proffer came too late, and was promptly rejected. In this condition of affairs and with a view to greater security for American interests, the American battleship Maine was ordered to Havana, on Jan. 24, 1898. It arrived in Havana Harbor the following day, and was anchored at a point designated by the Spanish commander. On the night of February 15, following, it was blown up and destroyed by some force, as shown by after investigation, applied from without. Of a crew of 354 men belonging to the vessel at the time, 266 were either killed outright by the explosion, or died from their wounds. Not only the Ameri- can people, but the entire civilized world, was shocked by the catastrophe. An act of horrible treachery had been perpetrated against an American vessel and its crew on a peaceful mis- sion in the harbor of a professedly friendly na- tion. The successive steps leading to actual hostili- ties were rapid and eventful. One of the earliest and most significant of these was the passage, by . a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress, on March 9, of an appropriation placing 150,000,000 in the hands of the President as an' emergency fund for purposes of national defense. This was followed, two days later, by an order for the mobilization of the army. The more important events following this step were: An order, under date of April 5, withdrawing American consuls from Spanish stations ; the departure, on April 9, of Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee from Havana; April 19, the adoption by Congress of concurrent resolutions declaring Cuba independent and directing the President to use the land and naval forces of the United States to put an end to Spanish authority in the island; April 20, the sending to the Spanish Government, by the Presi- dent, of an ultimatum in accordance with this act ; April 21, the delivery to Minister Woodford, at Madrid, of his passports without waiting for the presentation of the ultimatum, with the departure of the Spanish Minister from Washing- ton ; April 23, the issue of a call by the President for 125,000 volunters; April 24, the final declara- tion of war by Spain ; April 25, the adoption by Congress of a resolution declaring that war had existed from April 21 ; on the same date an order to Admiral Dewey, in command of the Asiatic Squadron at Hongkong, to sail for Manila with a view to investing that city and blockading Philippine ports. The chief events subsequent to the declaration of war embraced the following: May 1, the destruction by Admiral Dewey's squadron of the Spanish fleet in the harbor of Manila; May 19, the arrival of the Spanish Admiral Cervera's fleet at Santiago de Cuba; May 25, a second call by the President for 75,000 volunteers; July 3, the attempt of Cervera's fleet to escape, and its destruction off Santiago; July 17, the surrender of Santiago to the forces under General Shaf ter ; July 30, the statement by the President, through the French Ambassador at Washington, of the terms on which the United States would consent to make peace ; August 9, acceptance of the peace terms by Spain, followed, three days later, by the signing of the peace protocol ; September 9, the appointment by the President of Peace Commis- sioners on the part of the United States ; Sept. 18, the announcement of the Peace Commissioners selected by Spain; October 1, the beginning of the Peace Conference by the representatives of the two powers, at Paris, and the formal signing, on December 10, of the peace treaty, including the recognition by Spain of the freedom of Cuba, with the transfer to the United States of Porto Rico and her other West India islands, together with the surrender of the Philippines for a con- sideration of $20,000,000. Seldom, if ever, in the history of nations have such vast and far-reaching results been accom- plished within so short a period. The war, which practically began with the destruction of the Spanish fleet in Manila Harbor — an event which aroused the enthusiasm of the whole American people, and won the respect and admiration of other nations— was practically ended by the surrender of Santiago and the declaration by the President of the conditions of peace just three months later. Succeeding HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 573 events, up to the formal signing of the peace treaty, were merely the recognition of results previously determined. History of Illinois Regiments.— The part played by Illinois in connection with these events may be briefly summarized in the history of Illi- nois regiments and other organizations. Under the first call of the President for 125,000 volun- teers, eight regiments — seven of infantry and one of cavalry — were assigned to Illinois, to which was subsequently added, on application through Governor Tanner, one battery of light artil- lery. The infantry regiments were made up of the Illinois National Guard, numbered consecutively from one to seven, and were practically mobilized at their home stations within forty-eight hours from the receipt of the call, and began to arrive at Camp Tanner, near Springfield, the place of rendezvous, on April 26, the day after the issue of the Governor's call. The record of Illinois troops is conspicuous for the promptness of their response and the com- pleteness of their organization — in this respect being unsurpassed by those of any other State. Under the call of May 25 for an additional force of 75,000 men, the quota assigned to Illinois was two regiments, which were promptly furnished, taking the names of the Eighth and Ninth. The first of these belonged to the Illinois National Guard, as the regiments mustered in under the first call had done, while the Ninth was one of a number of "Provisional Regiments" which had tendered their services to the Government. Some twenty-five other regiments of this class, more or less complete, stood ready to perfect their organi- zations should there be occasion for their serv- ices. The aggregate strength of Illinois organi- zations at date of muster out from the United States service was 12,280—11,789 men and 491 officers. First Regiment Illinois Volunteers (orig- inally Illinois National Guard) was organized at Chicago, and mustered into the United States service at Camp Tanner (Springfield), under the command of Col. Henry L. Turner, May 13, 1898; left Springfield for Camp Thomas (Chickamauga) May 17; assigned to First Brigade, Third Division, of the First Army Corps; started for Tampa, Fla., June 2, but soon after arrival there was transferred to Picnic Island, and assigned to provost duty in place of the First United States Infantry. On June 30 the bulk of the regiment embarked for Cuba, but was detained in the har- bor at Key West until July 5, when the vessel sailed for Santiago, arriving in Guantanamo Bay on the evening of the 8th. Disembarking on the 10th, the whole regiment arrived on the firing line on the 11th, spent several days and nights in the trenches before Santiago, and were present at the surrender of that city on the 17th. Two companies had previously been detached for the scarcely less perilous duty of service in the fever hospitals and in caring for their wounded comrades. The next month was spent on guard duty in the captured city, until August 25, when, depleted in numbers and weakened by fever, the bulk of the regiment was transferred by hospital boats to Camp Wikoff, on Montauk Point, L. I. The members of the regi- ment able to travel left Camp Wikoff, September 8, for Chicago, arriving two days later, where they met an enthusiastic reception and were mustered out, November 17, 1,235 strong (rank and file) — a considerable number of recruits having joined the regiment just before leaving Tampa. The record of the First was conspicuous by the fact that it was the only Illinois regiment to see service in Cuba during the progress of actual hostilities. Before leaving Tampa some eighty members of the regiment were detailed for engineering duty in Porto Rico, sailed for that island on July 12, and were among the first to perform service there. The First suffered severely from yellow fever while in Cuba, but, as a regiment, while in the service, made a brilliant record, which was highly complimented in the official reports of its com- manding officers. Second Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry (originally Second I. N. G.). This regi- ment, also from Chicago, began to arrive at Springfield, April 27, 1898 — at that time number- ing 1,202 men and 47 officers, under command of Col. George M. Moulton; was mustered in between May 4 and May 15 ; on May 17 started for Tampa, Fla. , but en route its destination was changed to Jacksonville, where, as a part of the Seventh Army Corps, under command of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, it assisted in the dedication of Camp Cuba Libre. October 25 it was transferred to Savannah, Ga., remaining at "Camp Lee" until December 8, when two- battalions embarked for Havana, landing on the 15th, being followed, a few days later, by the Third Battalion, and sta- tioned at Camp Columbia. From Dec. 17 to Jan. 11, 1899, Colonel Moulton served as Chief of Police for the city of Havana. On March 28 to 30 the regiment left Camp Columbia in detach- ments for Augusta, Ga., where it arrived April 5, and was mustered out, April 26, 1,051 strong (rank and file), and returned to Chicago. Dur- 574 HISTOEIOAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. ing its stay in Cuba the regiment did not lose a man. A history of this regiment has been written by Rev. H. W. Bolton, its late Chaplain. Third Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, composed of companies of the Illinois National Guard from the counties of La Salle. Livingston, Kane, Kankakee, McHenry, Ogle, Will, and Winnebago, under command of Col. Fred Bennitt, reported at Springfield, with 1,170 men and 50 officers, on April 27 ; was mustered in May 7, 1898; transferred from Springfield to Camp Thomas (Chickamauga), May 14; on July 22 left Chickamauga for Porto Rico ; on the 28th sailed from Newport News, on the liner St. Louis, arriving at Ponce, Porto Rico, on July 31 ; soon after disembarking captured Arroyo, and assisted in the capture of Guayama, which was the beginning of General Brooke's advance across the island to San Juan, when intelligence was received of the signing of the peace protocol by Spain. From August 13 to October 1 the Third continued in the performance of guard duty in Porto Rico ; on October 22, 986 men and 39 offi- cers took transport for home by way of New York, arriving in Chicago, November 11, the several companies being mustered out at their respective home stations. Its strength at final muster-out was 1,273 men and officers. This regiment had the distinction of being one of the first to see service in Porto Rico, but suffered severely from fever and other diseases during the three months of its stay in the island. Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, com- posed of companies from Champaign, Coles, Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Fayette, Jackson, Jefferson, Montgomery, Richland, and St. Clair counties; mustered into the service at Spring- field, May 20, under command of Col. Casimer Andel; started immediately for Tampa, Fla., but en route its destination was changed to Jackson- ville, where it was stationed at Camp Cuba Libre as a part of the Seventh Corps under command of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee; in October was transferred to Savannah, Ga.? remaining at Camp Onward until about the first of January, when the regi- ment took ship for Havana. Here the regiment was stationed at Camp Columbia until April 4, 1899, when it returned to Augusta, Ga. , and was mustered out at Camp Mackenzie (Augusta), May 2, the companies returning to their respective home stations. During a part of its stay at Jacksonville, and again at Savannah, the regi- ment was employed on guard duty. While at Jacksonville Colonel Andel was suspended by court-martial, and finally tendered his resigna- tion, his place being supplied by Lieut. -Col. Eben Swift, of the Ninth. Fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry was the first regiment to report, and was mustered in at Springfield, May 7, 1898, under command of Col. James S. Culver, being finally composed of twelve companies from Pike, Chris- tian, Sangamon, McLean, Montgomery, Adams, Tazewell, Macon, Morgan, Peoria, and Fulton counties; on May 14 left Springfield for Camp Thomas (Chickamauga, Ga.), being assigned to the command of General Brooke; August 3 left Chickamauga for Newport News, Va., with the expectation of embarking for Porto Rico — a previous order of July 26 to the same purport having been countermanded; at Newport News embarked on the transport Obdam, but again the order was rescinded, and, after remaining on board thirty -six hours, the regiment was disem- barked. The next move was made to Lexington, Ky., where the regiment — having lost hope of reaching "the front" — remained until Sept. 5, when it returned to Springfield for final muster- out. This regiment was composed of some of the best material in the State, and anxious for active service, but after a succession of disappoint- ments, was compelled to return to its home sta- tion without meeting the enemy. After its arrival at Springfield the regiment was furloughed for thirty days and finally mustered out, October 16, numbering 1,213 men and 47 officers. Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, consisting of twelve companies from the counties of Rock Island, Knox, Whiteside, Lee, Carroll, Stephenson, Henry, Warren, Bureau, and Jo Daviess, was mustered in May 11, 1898, under command of Col. D. Jack Foster ; on May 17 left Springfield for Camp Alger, Va. ; July 5 the regiment moved to Charleston, S'. C, where a part embarked for Siboney, Cuba, but the whole regiment was soon after united in General Miles' expedition for the invasion of Porto Rico, landing at Guanico on July 25, and advancing into the interior as far as Adjunta and Utuado. After several weeks' service in the interior, the regiment returned to Ponce, and on September 7 took transport for the return home, arrived at Springfield a week later, and was mustered out November 25, the regiment at that time consist- ing of 1,239 men and 49 officers. Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry (known as the "Hibernian Rifles"). Two battalions of this regiment reported at Spring, field, April 27, with 33 officers and 765 enlisted men, being afterwards increased to the maxi- HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 575 mum ; was mustered into the United States serv- ice, under command of Col. Marcus Kavanagh, May 18, 1898 ; on May 28 started for Camp Alger, Va. ; was afterwards encamped at Thoroughfare Gap and Camp Meade ; on September 9 returned to Springfield, was furloughed for thirty days, and mustered out, October 20, numbering 1,260 men and 49 officers. Like the Fifth, the Seventh saw no actual service in the field. Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry (col- ored regiment), mustered into the service at Springfield under the second call of the Presi- dent, July 23, 1898, being composed wholly of Afro- Americans under officers of their own race, with Col. John R. Marshall in command, the muster-roll showing 1,195 men and 76 officers. The six companies, from A to F, were from Chi- cago, the other five being, respectively, from Bloomington, Springfield, Quincy, Litchfield, Mound City and Metropolis, and Cairo. The regiment having tendered their services to relieve the First Illinois on duty at Santiago de Cuba, it started for Cuba, August 8, by way of New York ; immediately on arrival at Santiago, a week later, was assigned to duty, but subse- quently transferred to San Luis, where Colone ) Marshall was made military governor. The major part of the regiment remained here until ordered home early in March, 1899, arrived at Chicago, March 15, and was mustered out, April 3, 1,226 strong, rank and file, having been in service nine months and six days. Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized from the counties of Southern Illinois, and mustered in at Springfield under the second call of the President, July 4-11, 1898, under com- mand of Col. James R. Campbell; arrived at Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Fla.), August 9; two months later was transferred to Savannah, Ga. ; was moved to Havana in December, where it remained until May, 1899, when it returned to Augusta, Ga., and was mustered out there, May 20, 1899, at that time consisting of 1,095 men and 46 officers. From Augusta the several companies returned to their respective home stations. The Ninth was the only "Provisional Regiment" from Illinois mustered into the service during the war, the other regiments all belonging to the National Guard. First Illinois Cavalry was organized at Chi- cago immediately after the President's first call, seven companies being recruited from Chicago, two from Bloomington, and one each from Springfield, Elkhart, and Lacon ; was mustered in at Springfield, May 21, 1898, under command of Col. Edward C. Young ; left Springfield for Camp- Thomas, Ga., May 30, remaining there until August 24, when it returned to Fort Sheridan, near Chicago, where it was stationed until October 11, when it was mustered out, at that time con- sisting of 1,158 men and 50 officers. Although the regiment saw no active service in the field, it established an excellent record for itself in respect to discipline. First Engineering Corps, consisting of 80 men detailed from the First Illinois Volunteers, were among the first Illinois soldiers to see serv- ice in Porto Rico, accompanying General Miles' expedition in the latter part of July, and being- engaged for a time in the construction of bridges in aid of the intended advance across the island. On September 8 they embarked for the return home, arrived at Chicago, September 17, and were mustered out November 20. Battery A (I. N. G.), from Danville, 111., was mustered in under a. special order of the War Department, May 12, 1898, under command of Capt. Oscar P. Yaeger, consisting of 118 men; left Springfield for Camp Thomas, Ga., May 19, and, two months later, joined in General Miles' Porto Rico expedition, landing at Guanico on August 3, and taking part in the affair at Gua- yama on the 12th. News of peace having been received, the Battery returned to Ponce, where it remained until September 7, when it started on the return home by way of New York, arrived at Danville, September 17, was furloughed for sixty days, and mustered out November 25. The Battery was equipped with modern breech-load- ing rapid-firing guns, operated by practical artil- lerists and prepared for effective service. Naval Reserves. — One of the earliest steps taken by the Government after it became ap- parent that hostilities could not be averted, was to begin preparation for strengthening the naval arm of the service. The existence of the "Naval Militia," first organized in 1893, placed Illinois in an exceptionally favorable position for making a prompt response to the call of the Government, as well as furnishing a superior class of men for service — a fact evidenced during the operations in the "West Indies. Gen. John McNulta, as head of the local committee, was active in calling the attention of the Navy Department to the value of the service to be rendered by this organization, which resulted in its being enlisted practically as a body, taking the name of "Naval Reserves" — all but eighty-eight of the number passing the physical examination, the places of these being promptly filled by new recruits. The first de- 576 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. tachment of over 200 left Chicago May 2, under the command of Lieut. -Com. John M. Hawley, followed soon after by the remainder of the First Battalion, making the whole number from Chi- cago 400, with 267, constituting the Second Bat- talion, from other towns of the State. The latter was made up of 147 men from Moline, 58 from Quincy, and 62 from Alton — making a total from the State of 667. This does not include others, not belonging to this organization, who enlisted for service in the navy during the war, which raised the whole number for the State over 1,000. The Reserves enlisted from Illinois occupied a different relation to the Government from that of the "naval militia" of other States, which retained their State organizations, while those from Illinois were regularly mustered into the United States service. The recruits from Illinois were embarked at Key West, Norfolk and New York, and distributed among fifty-two different vessels, including nearly every vessel belonging to the North Atlantic Squadron. They saw serv- ice in nearly every department from the position of stokers in the hold to that of gunners in the turrets of the big battleships, the largest number (60) being assigned to the famous battleship Ore- gon, while the cruiser Yale followed with 47 ; the Harvard with 35; Cincinnati, 27; Yankton, 19; Franklin, 18; Montgomery and Indiana, each, 17; Hector, 14; Marietta, 11; Wilmington and Lan- caster, 10 each, and others down to one each. Illinois sailors thus had the privilege of partici- pating in the brilliant affair of July 3, which resulted in the destruction of Cervera's fleet off Santiago, as also in nearly every other event in the West Indies of less importance, without the loss of a man while in the service, although among the most exposed. They were mustered out at different times, as they could be spared from the service, or the vessels to which they were attached went out of commission, a portion serving out their full term of one year. The Reserves from Chicago retain their organization under the name of "Naval Reserve Veterans," with headquarters in the Masonic Temple Build- ing, Chicago. WARD, James H., ex-Congressman, was born in Chicago, Nov. 30, 1853, and educated in the Chicago public schools and at the University of Notre Dame, graduating from the latter in 1873. Three years later he graduated from the Union College of Law, Chicago, and was admitted to the bar. Since then he has continued to practice his profession in his native city. In 1879 he was •elected Supervisor of the town of West Chicago, and, in 1884, was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket, and the same year, was the successful candidate of his party for Congress in the Third Illinois District, serv- ing one term. WINNEBAGO INDIANS, a tribe of the Da- cota, or Sioux, stock, which at one time occupied a part of Northern Illinois. The word Winne- bago is a corruption of the French Ouinebe- goutz, Ouimbegouc, etc., the diphthong "ou" taking the place of the consonant "w," which is wanting in the French alphabet. These were, in turn, French misspellings of an Algonquin term meaning "fetid," which the latter tribe applied to the Winnebagoes because they had come from the western ocean — the salt (or "fetid") water. In their advance towards the East the Winnebagoes early invaded the country of the Illinois, but were finally driven north- ward -by the latter, who surpassed them in num- bers rather than in bravery. The invaders settled in Wisconsin, near the Fox River, and here they were first visited by the Jesuit Fathers in the seventeenth century. (See Jesuit Rela- tions.) The Winnebagoes are commonly re- garded as a Wisconsin tribe; yet, that they claimed territorial rights in Illinois is shown by the fact that the treaty of Prairia du Chien (August 1, 1829), alludes to a Winnebago village located in what is now Jo Daviess County, near the mouth of the Pecatonica River. While, as a rule, the tribe, if left to itself, was disposed to live in amity with the whites, it was carried away by the eloquence and diplomacy of Tecumseh and the cajoleries of "The Prophet. " General Harrison especially alludes to the brav- ery of the Winnebago warriors at Tippecanoe' which he attributees in part, however, to a super- stitious faith in "The Prophet." In June or July, 1827; an unprovoked and brutal outrage by the whites upon an unoffending and practically defenseless party of Winnebagoes, near Prairie du Chien brought on what is known as the 'Winnebago War." (See Winnebago War.) The tribe took no part in the Black Hawk War, largely because of the great influence and shrewd tactic of their chief, Naw-caw. By treaties executed in 1832 and 1837 the Winnebagoes ceded to the United States all their lands lying east of the Mississippi. They were finally removed west of that river, and, after many sb if tings of loca- tion, were placed upon the Omaha Reservation in Eastern Nebraska, where their industry, thrift, and peaceable disposition elicited high praise from Government officials. HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 577 WARNER, Vespasian, lawyer and Member of Congress, was born in De Witt County, 111. , April 23, 1843, and has lived all his life in his native county — his present residence being Clinton. After a short course in Lombard University, while studying law in the office of Hon. Law- rence Weldon, at Clinton, he enlisted as a private soldier of the Twentieth Illinois Volunteers, in June, 1861, serving until July, 1866, when he was mustered out with the rank of Captain and brevet Major. He received a gunshot wound at Shiloh, but continued to serve in the Army of the Tennessee until the evacuation of Atlanta, when he was ordered North on account of dis- ability. His last service was in fighting Indians on the plains. After the war he completed his law studies at Harvard University, graduating in 1868, when he entered into a law partnership with Clifton H. Moore of Clinton. He served as Judge- Advocate General of the Illinois National Guard for several years, with the rank of Colonel, under the administrations of Governors Hamil- ton, Oglesby.and Fifer, and, in 1894, was nomi- nated and elected, as a Republican, to the Fifty-fourth Congress for the Thirteenth District, being re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. In the Fifty -fifth Congress, Mr. Warner was a mem- ber of the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pensions, and Chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws. WARREN, a village in Jo Daviess County, at intersection of the Illinois Central and the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways, 26 miles west-northwest of Freeport and 27 miles east by north of Galena. The surrounding region is agricultural and stock-raising ; there are also lead mines in the vicinity. Tobacco is grown to some extent. Warren has a flouring mill, tin factory, creamery and stone quarries, a State bank, water supply from artesian wells, fire department, gas plant, two weekly newspapers, five churches, a high school, an academy and a public library. Pop. (1890), 1,172; (1900), 1,327. WARREN, Calvin A., lawyer, was born in Essex County, N. Y., June 3, 1807; in his youth, worked for a time, as a typographer, in the office of "The Northern Spectator," at Poultney, Vt., side by side with Horace Greeley, afterwards the founder of "The New York Tribune." Later, he became one of the publishers of "The Palladium" at Ballston, N. Y., but, in 1832, removed to Hamilton County, Ohio, where he began the study of law, completing his course at Transyl- vania University, Ky., in 1834, and beginning practice at. Batavia, Ohio, as the partner of Thomas Morris, then a United States Senator from Ohio, whose daughter he married, thereby becoming the brother-in-law of the late Isaac N. Morris, of Quincy, 111. In 1836, Mr. Warren came to Quincy, Adams County, 111., but soon after removed to Warsaw in Hancock County, where he resided until 1839, when he returned to Quincy. Here he continued in practice, either alone or as a partner, at different times, of sev- eral of the leading attorneys of that city. Although he held no office except that of Master in Chancery, which he occupied for some sixteen years, the possession of an inexhaustible fund of humor, with strong practical sense and decided ability as a speaker, gave him great popularity at the bar and upon the stump, and made him a recognized leader in the ranks of the Democratic party, of which he was a life-long member. He served as Presidential Elector on the Pierce ticket in 1852, and was the nominee of his party for the same position on one or two other occa- sions. Died, at Quincy, Feb. 22, 1881. WARREN, Hooper, pioneer journalist, was born at Walpole, N. H., in 1790; learned the print- er's trade on the Rutland (Vt.) "Herald"; in 1814 went to Delaware, whence, three years later, he emigrated to Kentucky, working for a time on a paper at Frankfort. In 1818 he came to St. Louis and worked in the office of the old "Mis- souri Gazette" (the predecessor of "The Repub- lican"), and also acted as the agent of a lumber company at Cairo, 111. , when the whole popula- tion of that place consisted of one family domi- ciled on a grounded flat-boat. In March, 1819, he established, at Edwardsville, the third paper in Illinois, its predecessors being "The Illinois Intelligencer," at Kaskaskia, and "The Illinois Emigrant," at Shawneetown. The name given to the new paper was "The Spectator," and the contest over the effort to introduce a pro-slavery clause in the State Constitution soon brought it into prominence. Backed by Governor Coles, Congressman Daniel P. Cook, Judge S. D. Lock- wood, Rev. Thomas Lippincott, Judge Wm. H. Brown (afterwards of Chicago), George Churchill and other opponents of slavery, "The Spectator" made a sturdy fight in opposition to the scheme, which ended in defeat of the measure by the rejection at the polls, in 1824, of the proposition for a Constitutional Convention. Warren left the Edwardsville paper in 1825, and was, for a time, associated with "The National Crisis," an anti-slavery paper at Cincinnati, but soon re- turned to Illinois and established "The Sangamon Spectator" — the first paper ever published at the 578 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. present State capital. This he sold out in 1829, and, for the next three years, was connected with "The Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Her- ald," at Galena. Abandoning this field in 1832, he removed to Hennepin, where, within the next five years, he held the offices of Clerk of the Cir- cuit and County Commissioners' Courts and ex- officio Recorder of Deeds. In 1836 he began the publication of the third paper in Chicago — "The Commercial Advertiser" (a weekly) — which was continued a little more than a year, when it was abandoned, and he settled on a farm at Henry, Marshall County. His further newspaper ven- tures were, as the associate of Zebina Eastman, in the publication of "The Genius of Liberty," at Lowell, La Salle County, and "The Western Citizen"— afterwards "The Free West"— in Chi- cago. (See Eastman, Zebina, and Lundy, Ben- jamin.) On the discontinuance of "The Free West" in 1856, he again retired to his farm at Henry, where he spent the remainder of his days. While returning home from a visit to Chicago, in August, 1864, he was taken ill at Mendota, dying there on the 22d of the month. WARREN, John Esaias, diplomatist and real- estate operator, was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1826, graduated at Union College and was connected with the American Legation to Spain during the administration of President Pierce; in 1859-60 was a member of the Minnesota Legislature and, in 1861-62, Mayor of St. Paul; in 1867, came to Chicago, where, while engaged in real-estate business, he became known to the press as the author of a series of articles entitled "Topics of the Time." In 1886 he took up his residence in Brussels, Belgium, where he 'died, July 6, 1896. Mr. Warren was author of several volumes of travel, of which "An Attache in Spain" and "Para" are most important. WARREN COUNTY. A western county, created by act of the Legislature, in 1825, but not fully organized until 1830, having at that time about 350 inhabitants ; has an area of 540 square miles, and was named for Gen. Joseph Warren. It is drained by the Henderson River and its affluents, and is traversed by the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy (two divisions), the Iowa Central and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads. Bituminous coal is mined and lime- stone is quarried in large quantities. The county's early development was retarded in consequence of having become the "seat of war," during the Black Hawk War. The principal products are grain and live-stock, although manufacturing is carried on to some extent. The county-seat and chief city is Monmouth (which see). Roseville is a shipping point. Population (1880), 22,933. (1890), 21,281; (1900), 23,163. WARRENSBURG, a town of Macon County, on Peoria Division 111. Cent. Railway, 9 miles northwest of Decatur; has elevators, canning factory, a bank and newspaper. Pop. (1900), 503. WARSAW, the largest town in Hancock County, and admirably situated for trade. It stands on a bluff on the Mississippi River, some three miles below Keokuk, and about 40 miles above Quincy. It is the western terminus of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, and lies 116 miles west-southwest of Peoria. Old Fort Edwards, established by Gen. Zachary Taylor, during the War of 1812, was located within the limits of the present city of Warsaw, opposite the mouth of the Des Moines River.. An iron foundry, a large woolen mill, a plow factory and cooperage works are its principal manufac- turing establishments. The channel of the Missis- sippi admits of the passage of the largest steamers up to this point. Warsaw has eight churches, a system of common schools comprising one high and three grammar schools, a National bank and two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 3,105; (1890), 2,721; (1900), 2,335. WASHBURN, a village of Woodford County, on a branch of the Chicago & Alton Railway 25 miles northeast of Peoria; has banks and a weekly paper ; the district is agricultural. Popu- lation (1890), 598; (1900), 703. WASHBURNE, Elihu Benjamin, Congressman and diplomatist, was born at Livermore, Maine, Sept. 23, 1816 ; in early life learned the trade of a printer, but graduated from Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1840. Coming west, he settled at Galena, forming a partnership with Charles S. Hempstead, for the practice of law, in 1841. He was a stalwart Whig, and, as such, was elected to Congress in 1852. He con- tinued to represent his District until 1869, taking a prominent position, as a Republican, on the organization of that party. On account of his long service he was known as the "Father of the House," administering the Speaker's oath three times to Schuyler Colfax and once to James G. Blaine. He was appointed Secretary of State by General Grant in 1869, but surrendered his port- folio to become Envoy to France, in which ca- pacity he achieved great distinction. He was the only official representative of a foreign govern- ment who remained in Paris, during the siege of that city by the Germans (1870-71) and the reign of the "Commune." For his conduct he was HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 579 honored by the Governments of France and Ger- many alike. On his return to the United States, he made his home in Chicago, where he devoted his latter years chiefly to literary labor, and where he died, Oct. 22, 1887. He was strongly favored as a candidate for the Presidency in 1880. WASHINGTON, a city in Tazewell County, situated at the intersection of the Chicago & Alton, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads. It is 21 miles west of El Paso, and 12 miles east of Peoria. Carriages, plows and farming implements con- stitute the manufactured output. It is also an important shipping-point for farm products. It has electric light and water-works plants, eight churches, a graded school, two banks and two newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,301 ; (1900), 1,451. WASHINGTON COUNTY, an interior county of Southern Illinois, east of St. Louis ; is drained by the Kaskaskia River and the Elkhorn, Beaucoup and Muddy Creeks; was organized in 1818, and has an area of 540 square miles. The surface is diversified, well watered and timbered. The soil is of variable fertility. Corn, wheat and oats are the chief agricultural products. Manu- facturing is carried on to some extent, among the products being agricultural implements, flour, carriages and wagons. The most impor- tant town is Nashville, which is also the county- seat. Population (1890), 19,262; (1900), 19,526. Washington was one of the fifteen counties into which Illinois was divided at the organization of the State Government, being one of the last three created during the Territorial period — the other two being Franklin and Union. WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, a village of Cook County, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railways, 12 miles southwest of Chicago; has a graded school, female seminary, military school, a car factory, several churches and a, newspaper. Annexed to City of Chicago, 1890. WATAGA, a village of Knox County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 8 miles northeast of Galesburg. Population (1900), 545. WATERLOO, the county-seat and chief town of Monroe County, on the Illinois Division of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 24 miles east of south from St. Louis. The region is chiefly agricultural, but underlaid with coal. Its industries embrace two flour mills, a plow factory, distillery, cream- ery, two ice plants, and some minor concerns. The city has municipal water and electric light plants, four churches, a graded school and two newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,860; (1900) 2,114. WATERMAN, Arba Nelson, lawyer and jurist, was born at Greensboro, Orleans County, Vt., Feb. 3, 1836. After receiving an academic edu- cation and teaching for a time, he read law at Montpelier and, later, passed through the Albany Law School. In 1861 he was admitted to the bar, removed to Joliet, 111. , and opened an office. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the One Hun- dredth Illinois Volunteers, serving with the Army of the Cumberland for two years, and being mustered out in August, 1864, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. On leaving the army, Colonel Waterman commenced practice in Chicago. In 1873-74 he represented the Eleventh Ward in the City Council. In 1887 he was elected to the bench of the Cook County Circuit Court, and was re-elected iD 1891 and, again, in 1897. In 1890 he was assigned as one of the Judges of the Appellate Court. WATSEKA, the county-seat of Iroquois County, situated on the Iroquois River, at the mouth of Sugar Creek, and at the intersection of the Chi- cago & Eastern Illinois and the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads, 77 miles south of Chicago, 46 miles north of Danville and 14 miles east of Gilman. It has flour-mills, brick and tile works and foundries, besides several churches, banks, a graded school and three weekly newspapers. Artesian well water is obtained by boring to the depth of 100 to 160 feet, and some forty flowing streams from these shafts are in the place. Popu- lation (1890), 2,017; (1900), 2,505. WATTS, Amos, jurist, was born in St. Clair County, 111., Oct. 25, 1821, but removed to Wash- ington County in boyhood, and was elected County Clerk in 1847, '49 and '53, and State's Attorney for the Second Judicial District in 1856 and '60; then became editor and proprietor of a news- paper, later resuming the practice of law, and, in 1873, was elected Circuit Judge, remaining in office until his death, at Nashville, 111., Dec. 6, 1888. WAUKEGAN, the county-seat and principal city of Lake County, situated en the shore of Lake Michigan and on the Chicago & North- western Railroad, about 36 miles north by west from Chicago, and 50 miles south of Milwaukee; is also the northern terminus of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railroad and connected by electric lines with Chicago and Fox Lake. Lake Michigan is about 80 miles wide opposite this point. Waukegan was first known as "Little Fort," from the remains of an old fort that stood on its site. The principal part of the city is built on a bluff, which rises abruptly to the height of about 580 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. fifty feet. Between the bluff and the shore is a fiat tract about 400 yards wide which is occupied by gardens, dwellings, warehouses and manu- factories. The manufactures include steel-wire, refined sugar, scales, agricultural implements, brass and iron products, sash, doors and blinds, leather, beer, etc. ; the city has paved streets, gas and electric light plants, three banks, eight or ten churches, graded and high schools and two newspapers. A large trade in grain, lumber, coal and dairy products is carried on. Pop. (1890). 4,915; (1900), 9,426. WAUKEGAN & SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- WAY. (See Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway. ) WAVERLT, a city in Morgan County, 18 miles southeast of Jacksonville, on the Jacksonville & St. Louis and the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroads. It was originally settled by enter- prising emigrants from New England, whose descendants constitute a large proportion of the population. It is the center of a rich agricultural region, has a fine graded school, six or seven churches, two banks, two newspapers and tile works. Population (1880), 1,124; (1890), 1,337; (1900), 1,573. WAYNE, (Gen.) Anthony, soldier, was born in Chester County, Pa., Jan. 1, 1745, of Anglo-Irish descent, graduated as a Surveyor, and first prac- ticed his profession in Nova Scotia. During the years immediately antecedent to the Revolution he was prominent in the colonial councils of his native State, to which he had returned in 1767, where he became a member of the "Committee of Safety." On June 3, 1776, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania troops in the Continental army, and, during the War of the Revolution, was conspicuous for his courage and ability as a leader. One of his most daring and successful achievements was the cap- ture of Stony Point, in 1779, when — the works having been carried and Wayne having received, what was supposed to be, his death-wound— he entered the fort, supported by his aids. For this service he was awarded a gold medal by Con- gress. He also took a conspicuous part in the investiture and capture of Yorktown. In October, 1783, he was brevetted Major-General. In 1784 he was elected to the Pennsylvania Legislature. A few years later he settled in Georgia, which State he represented in Congress for seven months, when his seat was declared vacant after contest. In April, 1792, he was confirmed as General-in-Chief of the United States Army, on nomination of President Washington. His con- nection with Illinois history began shortly after St. Clair's defeat, when he led a force into Ohio (1783) and erected a stockade at Greenville, which he named Fort Recovery ; his object being to subdue the hostile savage tribes. In this he was eminently successful and, on August 3, 1793, after a victorious campaign, negotiated the Treaty of Greenville, as broad in its provisions as it was far-reaching in its influence. He was a daring fighter, and although Washington called him "prudent," his dauntlessness earned for him the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony." In matters of dress he was punctilious, and, on this account, he was sometimes dubbed "Dandy Wayne." He was one of the few white officers whom all the Western Indian tribes at once feared and re- spected. They named him "Black Snake" and "Tornado." He died at Presque Isle near Erie, Dec. 15, 1796. Thirteen years afterward his remains were removed by one of his sons, and interred in Badnor churchyard, in his native county. The Pennsylvania Historical Society erected a marble monument over his grave, and appropriately dedicated it on July 4 of the same year. WAYNE COUNTY, in the southeast quarter of the State ; has an area of 720 square miles ; was organized in 1819, and named for Gen. Anthony Wayne. The county is watered and drained by the Little Wabash and its branches, notably the Skillet Fork. At the first election held in the county, only fifteen votes were cast. Early life was exceedingly primitive, the first settlers pounding corn into meal with a wooden pestle, a hollowed stump being used as a mortar. The first mill erected (of the antique South Carolina pattern) charged 25 cents per bushel for grinding. Prairie and woodland make up the surface, and the soil is fertile. Railroad facilities are furnished by the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and the Baltimore & Ohio (Southwestern) Railroads. Corn, oats, tobacco, wheat, hay and wool are the chief agricultural products. Saw mills are numer- ous and there are also carriage and wagon facto- ries. Fairfield is the county-seat. Population (1880), 21,291; (1890), 23,806; (1900), 27,626. WEAS, THE, a branch of the Miami tribe of Indians. They called themselves "We-wee- hahs, ' ' and were spoken of by the French as ' 'Oui- at-a-nons" and "Oui-as." Other corruptions of the name were common among the British and American colonists. In 1718 they had a village at Chicago, but abandoned it through fear of their hostile neighbors, the Chippewas and Potta- watomies. The Weas were, at one time, brave and warlike ; but their numbers were reduced by HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 58; constant warfare and disease, and, in the end, debauchery enervated and demoralized them. They were removed west of the Mississippi and given a reservation in Miami County, Kan. This they ultimately sold, and, under the leadership of Baptiste Peoria, united with their few remain- ing brethren of the Miamis and with the remnant of the Ill-i-ni under the title of the "confederated tribes," and settled in Indian Territory. (See also Miamis; Piankeshaws. ) WEBB, Edwin B., early lawyer and politician, was born about 1803, came to the vicinity of Carmi, White County, 111., about 1828 to 1830, and, still later, studied law at Transylvania Uni- versity. He held the office of Prosecuting Attorney of White County, and, in 1834, was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly, serving, by successive re-elections, until 1842, and, in the Senate, from 1842 to '46. During his service in the House he was a col- league and political and personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. He opposed the internal improvement scheme of 1837, predicting many of the disasters which were actually realized a few years later. He was a candidate for Presi- dential Elector on the Whig ticket, in 1844 and '48, and, in 1852, received the nomination for Governor as the opponent of Joel A. Matteson, two years later, being an unsuccessful candidate for Justice of the Supreme Court in opposition to Judge W. B. Scates. While practicing law at Carmi, he was also a partner of his brother in the mercantile business. Died, Oct. 14, 1858, in the 56th year of his age. WEBB, Henry Livingston, soldier and pioneer (an elder brother of James Watson Webb, a noted New York journalist), was born at Claverack, N. Y., Feb. 6, 1795; served as a soldier in the War of 1812, came to Southern Illinois in 1817, and became one of the founders of the town of America near the mouth of the Ohio ; was Repre- sentative in the Fourth and Eleventh General Assemblies, a Major in the Black Hawk War and Captain of volunteers and, afterwards, Colonel of regulars, in the Mexican War. In 1860 he went to Texas and served, for a time, in a semi -mili- tary capacity under the Confederate Govern- ment; returned to Illinois in 1869, and died, at Makanda, Oct. 5, 1876. WEBSTER, Fletcher, lawyer and soldier, was born at Portsmouth, N. H., July 23, 1813; gradu- ated at Harvard in 1833, and studied law with his father (Daniel Webster) ; in 1837, located at Peru, 111., where he practiced three years. His father having been appointed Secretary of State in 1841, the son became his private secretary, was also Secretary of Legation to Caleb Cushing (Minister to China) in 1843, a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1847, and Surveyor of the Port of Boston, 1850-61 ; the latter year became Colonel of the Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers, and was killed in the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. WEBSTER, Joseph Dana, civil engineer and soldier, was born at Old Hampton, N. H., August 25, 1811. He graduated from Dart- mouth College in 1832, and afterwards read law at Newburyport, Mass. His natural incli- nation was for engineering, and, after serv- ing for a time in the Engineer and War offices, at Washington, was made a United States civil engineer (1835) and, on July 7, 1838, entered the army as Second Lieutenant of Topographical Engineers. He served through the Mexican War, was made First Lieutenant in 1849, and promoted to a captaincy, in March, 1853. Thir- teen months later he resigned, removing to Chi- cago, where he made his permanent home, and soon after was identified, for a time, with the proprietorship of "The Chicago Tribune." He was President of the commission that perfected the Chicago sewerage system, and designed and executed the raising of the grade of a large por- tion of the city from two to eight feet, whole blocks of buildings being raised by jack screws, while new foundations were inserted. At the outbreak of the Civil War he tendered his serv- ices to the Government and superintended the erection of the fortifications at Cairo, 111., and Paducah, Ky. On April 7, 1861, he was com- missioned Paymaster of Volunteers, with the rank of Major, and, in February, 1862, Colonel of the First Illinois Artillery. For several months he was chief of General Grant's staff, participat- ing in the capture of Forts Donelson and Henry, and in the battle of Shiloh, in the latter as Chief of Artillery. In October, 1862, the War Depart- ment detailed him to make a survey of the Illi - nois & Michigan Canal, and, the following month, he was commissioned Brigadier-General of Volunteers, serving as Military Governor of Mem- phis and Superintendent of military railroads. He was again chief of staff to General Grant during the Vicksburg campaign, and, from 1864 until the close of the war, occupied the same relation to General Sherman. He was bre vetted Major-General of Volunteers, March 13, 1865, but, resigning Nov. 6, following, returned to Chicago, where he spent the remainder of his life. From 1869 to 1872 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue 582 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. there, and, later, Assistant United States Treas- urer, and, in July, 1872, was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue. Died, at Chicago, March 12, 1876. WELCH, William R., lawyer and jurist, was born in Jessamine County, Ky., Jan. 22, 1828, educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, graduating from the academic department in 1847, and, from the law school, in 1851. In 1864 he removed to Carlinville, Macoupin County, 111., which place he made his permanent home. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of the Fifth Circuit, and re-elected in 1879 and '85. In 1884 he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate Court for the Second District. Died, Sept. 1, 1888. WELDON, Lawrence, one of the Judges of the United States Court of Claims, Washington, D. C, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1829; while a child, removed with his parents to Madison County, and was educated in the com- mon schools, the local academy and at Wittenberg College, Springfield, in the same State ; read law with Hon. R. A. Harrison, a prominent member of the Ohio bar, and was admitted to practice in 1854, meanwhile, in 1852-53, having served as a clerk in the office of the Secretary of State at Columbus. In 1854 he removed to Illinois, locat- ing at Clinton, DeWitt County, where he engaged in practice ; in 1860 was elected a Representative in the Twenty-second General Assembly, was also chosen a Presidential Elector the same year, and assisted in the first election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency. Early in 1861 he resigned his seat in the Legislature to accept the position of United States District Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, tendered him by President Lincoln, but resigned the latter office in 1866 and, the following year, removed to Bloomington, where he continued the practice of his profession until 1883, when he was appointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the United States Court of Claims at Washington — a position which he still (1899) continues to fill. Judge Weldon is among the remaining few who rode the circuit and practiced law with Mr. Lin- coln. From the time of coming to the State in 1854 to 1860, he was one of Mr. Lincoln's most intimate traveling companions in the old Eighth Circuit, which extended from Sangamon County on the west to Vermilion on the east, and of which Judge David Davis, afterwards of the Supreme Court of the United States and United States Senator, was the presiding Justice. The Judge holds in his memory many pleasant remi- niscences of that day, especially of the eastern portion of the District, where he was accustomed to meet the late Senator Voorhees, Senator Mc- Donald and other leading lawyers of Indiana, as well as the historic men whom he met at the State capital. WELLS, Albert W., lawyer and legislator, was born at Woodstock, Conn., May 9, 1839, and enjoyed only such educational and other advan- tages as belonged to the average New England boy of that period. During his boyhood his family removed to New Jersey, where he attended an academy, later, graduating from Columbia College and Law School in New York City, and began practice with State Senator Robert Allen at Red Bank, N. J. During the Civil War he enlisted in a New Jersey regiment and took part in the battle of Gettysburg, resuming his profes- sion at the close of the war. Coining west in 1870, he settled in Quincy, 111., where he con- tinued practice. In 1886 he was elected to the House of Representatives from Adams County, as a Democrat, and re-elected two years later. In 1890 he was advanced to the Senate, where, by re-election in 1894, he served continuously until his death in office, March 5, 1897. His abilities and long service — covering the sessions of the Thirty-fifth to the Fortieth General Assem- blies — placed him at the head of the Democratic side of the Senate during the latter part of his legislative career. WELLS, William, soldier and victim of the Fort Dearborn massacre, was born in Kentucky, about 1770. When a boy of 12, he was captured by the Miami Indians, whose chief, Little Turtle, adopted him, giving him his daughter in mar- riage when he grew to manhood. He was highly esteemed by the tribe as a warrior, and, in 1790, was present at the battle where Gen. Arthur St. Clair was defeated. He then realized that he was fighting against his own race, and informed his father-in-law that he intended to ally himself with the whites. Leaving the Miamis, he made his way to General Wayne, who made him Cap- tain of a company of scouts. After the treaty of Greenville (1795) he settled on a farm near Fort Wayne, where he was joined by his Indian wife. Here he acted as Indian Agent and Justice of the Peace. In 1812 he learned of the contemplated evacuation of Fort Dearborn, and, at the head of thirty Miamis, he set out for the post, his inten- tion being to furnish a body-guard to the non- combatants on their proposed march to Fort Wayne. On August 13, he marched out of the fort with fifteen of his dusky warriors behind HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 583 him, the remainder bringing up the rear. Before a mile and a half had been traveled, the party fell into an Indian ambuscade, and an indiscrimi- nate massacre followed. (See Fort Dearborn.) The Miamis fled, and Captain Wells' body was riddled with bullets, his head cut off and his heart taken out. He was an uncle of Mrs. Heald, wife of the commander of Fort Dearborn. WELLS, William Harvey, educator, was born in Tolland, Conn., Feb. 27, 1812; lived on a farm until 17 years old, attending school irregularly, but made such progress that he became succes- sively a teacher in the Teachers' Seminary at Andover and Newburyport, and, finally, Principal of the State Normal School at "Westfield, Mass. In 1856 he accepted the position of Superintend- ent of Public Schools for the city of Chicago, serving till 1864, when he resigned. He was an organizer of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Association, one of the first editors of "The Massachusetts Teacher'' and prominently con- nected with various benevolent, educational and learned societies ; was also author of several text- books, and assisted in the revision of "Webster's Unabridged Dictionary." Died, Jan. 21, 1885. WENONA, city on the eastern border of Mar- shall County, 20 miles south of La Salle, has zinc works, public and parochial schools, a weekly paper, two banks, and five churches. A good quality of soft coal is mined here. Popu- lation (1880), 911; (1890), 1,053; (1900), 1,486. WENTWORTH, John, early journalist and Congressman, was born at Sandwich, N. H., March 5, 1815, graduated from Dartmouth Col- lege in 1836, and came to Chicago the same year, where he became editor of "The Chicago Demo- crat," which had been established by John Cal- houn three years previous. He soon after became proprietor of "The Democrat," of which he con- tinued to be the publisher until it was merged into "The Chicago Tribune," July 24, 1864. He also studied law, and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. He served in Congress as a Demo- crat from 1843 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855, but left the Democratic party on the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. He was elected Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and again in 1860, during his incumbency introducing a number of important municipal reforms ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and twice served on the Board of Education. He again represented Illinois in Congress as a Republican from 1865 to 1867— making fourteen years of service in that body. In 1872 he joined in the Greeley movement, but later renewed his alle- giance to the Republican party. In 1878 Mr. Went- worth published an elaborate genealogical work in three volumes, entitled "History of the Went- worth Family." A volume of "Congressional Reminiscences" and two by him on "Early Chi- cago," published in connection with the Fergus Historical Series, contain some valuable informa- tion on early local and national history. On account of his extraordinary height he received the sobriquet of "Long John," by which he was familiarly known throughout the State. Died, in Chicago, Oct. 16, 1888. WEST, Edward M., merchant and banker, was born in Virginia, May 2, 1814; came with his father to Illinois in 1818 ; in 1829 became a clerk in the Recorder's office at Edwardsville, also served as deputy postmaster, and, in 1833, took a position in the United States Land Office there. Two years later he engaged in mercantile busi- ness, which he prosecuted over thirty years — meanwhile filling the office of County Treasurer, ex-officio Superintendent of Schools, and Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1847. In 1867, in conjunction with W. R. Prickett, he established a bank at Edwardsville, with which he was con- nected until his death, Oct. 31, 1887. Mr. West officiated frequently as a "local preacher" of the Methodist Church, in which capacity he showed much ability as a public speaker. WEST, Mary Allen, educator and philanthro- pist, was born at Galesburg, 111., July 31, 1837; graduated at Knox Seminary in 1854 and taught until 1873, when she was elected County Super- intendent of Schools, serving nine years. She took an active and influential interest in educa- tional and reformatory movements, was for two years editor of "Our Home Monthly," in Phila- delphia, and also a contributor to other journals, besides being editor-in-chief of "The Union Sig- nal," Chicago, the organ of the Woman's Chris- tian Temperance Union — in which she held the position of President ; was also President, in the latter days of her life, of the Illinois Woman's Press Association of Chicago, that city having become her home in 1885. In 1892, Miss West started on a tour of the world for the benefit of her health, but died at Tokio, Japan, Dec. 1, 1892. WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, an institution for the treatment of the insane, located at Watertown, Rock Island County, in accordance with an act of the General Assembly, approved, May 22, 1895. The Thirty-ninth Gen- eral Assembly made an appropriation of $100,000 for the erection of fire-proof buildings, while Rock Island County donated a tract of 400 acres 584 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. of land valued at §40, 000. The site selected by the Commissioners, is a commanding one overlooking the Mississippi River, eight miles above Rock Island, and five and a half miles from Moline, and the buildings are of the most modern style of con- struction. Watertown is reached by two lines of railroad — the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Chicago, Burlington & Quinoy — besides the Mississippi River. The erection of buildings was begun in 1896, and they were opened for the reception of patients in 1898. They have a ca- pacity for 800 patients. WESTERN MILITARY ACADEMY, an insti- tution located at Upper Alton, Madison County, incorporated in 1893; has a faculty of eight mem- bers and reports eighty pupils for 1897-98, with property valued at §70,000. The institution gives instruction in literary and scientific branches, besides preparatory and business courses. WESTERN NORMAL COLLEGE, located at Bushnell, McDonough County; incorporated in 1888. It is co-educational, has a corps of twelve instructors and reported 500 pupils for 1897-98, 300 males and 200 females. WESTERN SPRINGS, a village of Cook County, and residence suburb of the city of Chi- cago, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- road, 15 miles west of the initial station. Population (1890), 451; (1900), 662. WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, located in Chicago and controlled by the Protes- tant Episcopal Church. It was founded in 1883 through the munificence of Dr. Tolman Wheeler, and was opened for students two years later. It has two buildings, of a superior order of archi- tecture — one including the school and lecture rooms and the other a dormitory. A hospital and gymnasium are attached to the latter, and a school for boys is conducted on the first floor of the main building, which is known as Wheeler Hall. The institution is under the general super- vision of Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, Protes- tant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Illinois. WESTFIELD, village of Clark County, on Cin., Ham. & Dayton R. R. , 10 m. s -e. of Charleston; seat of Westfield College; has a bank, five churches and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 820. WEST SALEM, a town of Edwards County, on the Peoria-Evansville Div. 111. Cent. R. R., 12 miles northeast of Albion ; has a bank and a weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 476; (1900), 700. WETHERELL, Emma Abbott, vocalist, was born in Chicago, Dec. 9, 1849; in her childhood attracted attention while singing with her father (a poor musician) in hotels and on the streets in Chicago, Peoria and elsewhere; at 18 years of age, went to New York to study, earning her way by giving concerts en route, and receiving aid and encouragement from Clara Louisa Kellogg; in New York was patronized by Henry Ward Beecher and others, and aided in securing the training of European masters. Compelled to sur- mount many obstacles from poverty and other causes, her after success in her profession was phenomenal. Died, during a professional tour, at Salt Lake City, Jan. 5, 1891. Miss Abbott married her manager, Eugene Wetherell, who died before her. WHEATON, a city and the county-seat of Du Page County, situated on the Chicago & North- western Railway, 25 miles west of Chicago. Agri- culture and stock-raising are the chief industries in the surrounding region. The city owns a new water-works plant (costing §60,000) and has a public library valued at §75,000, the gift of a resident, Mr. John Quincy Adams; has a court house, electric light plant, sewerage and drainage system, seven churches, three graded schools, four weekly newspapers and a State bank. Wheaton is the seat of Wheaton College (which see). Population (1880), 1,160; (1890), 1,622; (1900), 2,345. WHEATON COLLEGE, an educational insti- tution located at Wheaton, Du Page County, and under Congregational control. It was founded in 1853, as the Illinois Institute, and was char- tered under its present name in 1860. Its early existence was one of struggle, but of late years it has been established on a better foundation, in 1898 having §54, 000 invested in productive funds, and property aggregating §136,000. The faculty comprises fifteen professors, and, in 1898, there were 321 students in attendance. It is co-edu- cational and instruction is given in business and preparatory studies, as well as the fine arts, music and classical literature. WHEELER, David Hilton, D.D., LL.D., clergy- man, was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1829; graduated at Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris, in 1851; edited "The Carroll County Republican" and held a professorship in Cornell College, Iowa, (1857-61) ; was United States Con- sul at Geneva, Switzerland, (1861-66) ; Professor of English Literature in Northwestern University (1867-75); edited "The Methodist" in New York, seven years, and was President of Allegheny College (1883-87); received the degree of D.D. from Cornell College in 1867, and that of LL.D. from the Northwestern University in 1881. He is the author of "Brigandage in South Italy" HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 585 (two volumes, 1864) and "By-Ways of Literature" (1883), besides some translations. WHEELER, Hamilton K., ex-Congressman, was born at Ballston, N. Y., August 5, 1848, but emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1852; remained on a farm until 19 years of age, his educational advantages being limited to three months' attendance upon a district school each year. In 1871, he was admitted to the bar at Kankakee, where he has since continued to prac- tice. In 1884 he was elected to represent the Six- teenth District in the State Senate, where he served on many important committees, being Chairman of that on the Judicial Department. In 1892 he was elected Representative in Con- gress from the Ninth Illinois District, on the Republican ticket. ■WHEELING!, a town on the northern border of Cook County, on the Wisconsin Central Railway. Population (1890), 811; (1900), 331. WHISTLER, (Maj.) John, soldier and builder of the first Fort Dearborn, was born in Ulster, Ire- land, about 1756 ; served under Burgoyne in the Revolution, and was with the force surrendered by that officer at Saratoga, in 1777. After the peace he returned to the United States, settled at Hagerstown, Md., and entered the United States Army, serving at first in the ranks and being severely wounded in the disastrous Indian cam- paigns of 1791. Later, he was promoted to a captaincy and, in the summer of 1803, sent with his company, to the head of Lake Michigan, where he constructed the first Fort Dearborn within the limits of the present city of Chicago, remaining in command until 1811, when he was succeeded by Captain Heald. He received the brevet rank of Major, in 1815 was appointed military store-keeper at Newport, Ky., and after- wards at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, where he died, Sept. 3, 1829. Lieut. William Whistler, his son, who was with his father, for a time, in old Fort Dearborn — but transferred, in 1809, to Fort Wayne— was of the force included in Hull's surrender at Detroit in 1812. After his exchange he was promoted to a captaincy, to the rank of Major in 1826 and to a Lieutenant-Colo- nelcy in 1845, dying at Newport, Ky., in 1863. James Abbott McNiel Whistler, the celebrated, but eccentric artist of that name, is a grandson of the first Major Whistler. WHITE, George E., ex-Congressman, was born in Massachusetts in 1848 ; after graduating, at the age of 16, he enlisted as a private in the Fifty- seventh Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers, serv- ing under General Grant in the campaign against Richmond from the battle of the Wilder- ness until the surrender of Lee. Having taken a course in a commercial college at Worcester, Mass., in 1867 he came to Chicago, securing em- ployment in a lumber yard, but a year later began business on his own account, which he has successfully conducted. In 1878 he was elected to the State Senate, as a Republican, from one of the Chicago Districts, and re-elected four years later, serving in that body eight years. He declined a nomination for Congress in 1884, but accepted in 1894, and was elected for the Fifth District, as he was again in 1896, but was defeated, in 1898, by Edward T. Noonan, Demo- crat. WHITE, Horace, journalist, was born at Cole- brook, N. H, August 10, 1834; in 1853 graduated at Beloit College, Wis., whither his father had removed in 1837 ; engaged in journalism as city editor of "The Chicago Evening Journal," later becoming agent of the Associated Press, and, in 1857, an editorial writer on "The Chicago Trib- une," during a part of the war acting as its Washington correspondent. He also served, in 1856, as Assistant Secretary of the Kansas National Committee, and, later, as Secretary of the Republican State Central Committee. In 1864 he purchased an interest in "The Tribune," a year or so later becoming editor-in-chief, but retired in October, 1874. After a protracted European tour, he united with Carl Schurz and E. L. Godkin of "The Nation," in the purchase and reorganization of "The New York Evening Post," of which he is now editor-in-chief. WHITE, Julius, soldier, was born in Cazen- ovia, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1816; removed to Illinois in 1836, residing there and in Wisconsin, where he was a member of the Legislature of 1849 ; in 1861 was made Collector of Customs at Chicago, but resigned to assume the colonelcy of the Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, which he commanded on the Fremont expedition to South- west Missouri. He afterwards served with Gen- eral Curtiss in Arkansas, participated in the battle of Pea Ridge and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. He was subsequently assigned to the Department of the Shenandoah, but finding his position at Martinsburg, W. Va., untenable, retired to Harper's Ferry, voluntarily serving under Colonel Miles, his inferior in com- mand. When this post was surrendered (Sept. 15, 1862), he was made a prisoner, but released under parole ; was tried by a court of inquiry at his own request, and acquitted, the court finding that he had acted with courage and capability. 686 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. He resigned in 1864, and, in March, 1865, was brevetted Major-General of Volunteers. Died, at Evanston, May 12, 1890. WHITE COUNTY, situated in the southeastern quarter of the State, and bounded on the east by the Wabash River; was organized in 1816, being the tenth county organized during the Territorial period: area, 500 square miles. The county is crossed by three railroads and drained by the Wabash and Little Wabash Rivers. The surface consists of prairie and woodland, and the soil is, for the most part, highly productive. The princi- pal agricultural products are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, tobacco, fruit, butter, sorghum and - wool. The principal industrial establishments are carriage factories, saw mills and flour mills. Carmi is the county -seat. Other towns are En- field, Grayville and Norris City. Population (1880), 23,087; (1890), 25,005; (1900), 25,386. WHITEHALL, a city in Greene County, at the intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 65 miles north of St. Louis and 24 miles south-southwest of Jacksonville; in rich farming region; has stoneware and sewer-pipe factories, foundry and machine shop, flour mill, elevators, wagon shops, creamery, water system, sanitarium, heating, electric light and power system, nurseries and fruit-supply houses, and two poultry packing houses; also has five churches, a graded school, two banks and three newspapers — one daily. Pop- ulation (1890), 1,961; (1900), 2,030. WHITEHOUSE, Henry John, Protestant Epis- copal Bishop, was born in New York City, August 19, 1803; graduated from Columbia College in 1821, and from the (New York) General Theolog- ical Seminary in 1824. After ordination he was rector of various parishes in Pennsylvania and New York until 1851, when he was chosen Assist- ant Bishop of Illinois, succeeding Bishop Chase in 1852. In 1867, by invitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, he delivered the opening sermon before the Pan- Anglican Conference held in England. During this visit he received the degree of D.D. from Oxford University, and that of LL.D. from Cambridge. His rigid views as a churchman and a disciplinarian, were illustrated in his prosecution of Rev. Charles Edward Cheney, which resulted in the formation of the Reformed Episcopal Church. He was a brilliant orator and a trenchant and unyielding controver- sialist. Died, in Chicago, August 10, 1874. WHITESIDE COUNTY, in the northwestern portion of the State bordering on the Mississippi River ; created by act of the Legislature passed in 1836, and named for Capt. Samuel Whiteside, a noted Indian fighter; area, 700 square miles. The surface is level, diversified by prairies and wood- land, and the soil is extremely fertile. The county-seat was first fixed at Lyndon, then at Sterling, and finally at Morrison, its present location. The Rock River crosses the county and furnishes abundant water power for numer- ous factories, turning out agricultural imple- ments, carriages and wagons, furniture, woolen goods, flour and wrapping paper. There are also distilling and brewing interests, besides saw and planing mills. Corn is the staple agricultural product, although all the leading cereals are extensively grown. The principal towns are Morrison, Sterling, Fulton and Rock Falls. Popu- lation (1880), 30,885; (1890), 30,854; (1900), 34.710. WHITESIDE, William, pioneer and soldier of the Revolution, emigrated from the frontier of North Carolina to Kentucky, and thence, in 1793, to the present limits of Monroe County, 111., erecting a fort between Cahokia and Kaskaskia, which became widely known as "Whiteside Station." He served as a Justice of the Peace, and was active in organizing the militia during the War of 1812-14, dying at the old Station in 1815. — John (Whiteside), a brother of the preced- ing, and also a Revolutionary soldier, came to Illinois at the same time, as also did William B. and Samuel, sons of the two brothers, respec- tively. All of them became famous as Indian fighters. The two latter served as Captains of companies of "Rangers" in the War of 1812, Samuel taking part in the battle of Rock Island' in 1814, and contributing greatly to the success of the day. During the Black Hawk War (1832) he attained the rank of Brigadier-General. Whiteside County was named in his honor. He made one of the earliest improvements in Ridge Prairie, a rich section of Madison County, and represented that county in the First General Assembly. William B. served as Sheriff of Madi- son County for a number of years. — John D. (Whiteside), another member of this historic family, became very prominent, serving, in the lower House of the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Fourteenth General Assemblies, and in the Sen- ate of the Tenth, from Monroe County; was a Presidential Elector in 1836, State Treasurer (1837-41) and a member of the State Constitu- tional Convention of 1847. General Whiteside, as he was known, was the second of James Shields in the famous Shields and Lincoln duel (so-called) in 1842, and, as such, carried the challenge of the former to Mr. Lincoln. (See Duels. ) HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 587 WHITING, Lorenzo D., legislator, was born in Wayne County, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1819; came to Illinois in 1838, but did not settle there perma- nently until 1849, when he located in Bureau County. He was a Representative from that county in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly (1869), and a member of the Senate continuously from 1871 to 1887, serving in the latter through eight General Assemblies. Died at his home near Tiskilwa, Bureau County, 111., Oct. 10, 1889. WHITING, Richard H., Congressman, was born at West Hartford, Conn., June 17, 1826, and received a common school education. In 1862 he was commissioned Paymaster in the Volunteer Army of the Union, and resigned in 1866. Hav- ing removed to Illinois, he was appointed Assist- ant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth Illinois District, in February, 1870, and so contin- ued until the abolition of the office in 1873. On retiring from the Assessorship he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, and served until March 4, 1875, when he resigned to take his seat as Republican Representative in Congress from the Peoria District, to which he had been elected in November, 1874. After the expiration of his term he held no public office, but was a member of the Republican National Convention of 1884. Died, at the Continental Hotel, in New York City, May 24, 1888. WHITNEY, James W., pioneer lawyer and early teacher, known by the nickname of "Lord Coke"; came to Illinois in Territorial days (be- lieved to have been about 1800) ; resided for some time at or near Edwardsville, then became a teacher at Atlas, Pike County, and, still later, the first Circuit and County Clerk of that county. Though nominally a lawyer, he had little if any practice. He acquired the title, by which he was popularly known for a quarter of a century, by his custom of visiting the State Capital, dxiring the sessions of the General Assembly, when he would organize the lobbyists and visit- ors about the capital — of which there were an unusual number in those days — into what was called the "Third House." Having been regu- larly chosen to preside under the name of "Speaker of the Lobby," he would deliver a mes- sage full of practical hits and jokes, aimed at members of the two houses and others, which would be received with cheers and laughter. The meetings of the "Third House," being held in the evening, were attended by many members and visitors in lieu of other forms of entertain- ment. Mr. Whitney's home, in his latter years, was at Pittsfield. He resided for a time at Quincy. Died, Dec. 13, 1860, aged over 80 years. WHITTEMORE, Floyd K., State Treasurer, is a native of New York, came at an early age, with his parents, to Sycamore, 111., where he was edu- cated in the high school there. He purposed becoming a lawyer, but, on the election of the late James H. Beveridge State Treasurer, in 1864, accepted the position of clerk in the office. Later, he was employed as a clerk in the banking house of Jacob Bunn in Springfield, and, on the organization of the State National Bank, was chosen cashier of that Institution, retaining the position some twenty years. After the appoint- ment of Hon. John R. Tanner to the position of Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at Chi- cago, in 1892, Mr. Whittemore became cashier in that office, and, in 1865, Assistant State Treas- rure under the administration of State Treasurer Henry Wulff. In 1898 he was elected State Treasurer, receiving a plurality of 43,450 over his Democratic opponent. WICKERSHAM, (Col.) Dudley, soldier and merchant, was born in Woodford County, Ky., Nov. 22, 1819; came to Springfield, 111., in 1843, and served as a member of the Fourth Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's) through the Mexican War. On the return of peace he engaged in the dry-goods trade in Springfield, until 1861, when he enlisted in the Tenth Regi- ment Illinois Cavalry, serving, first as Lieutenant- Colonel and then as Colonel, until May, 1864, when, his regiment having been consolidated with the Fifteenth Cavalry, he resigned. After the war, he held the office of Assessor of Internal Revenue for several years, after which he en- gaged in the grocery trade. Died, in Springfield, August 8, 1898. WIDEN, Raphael, pioneer and early legislator, was a native of Sweden, who, having been taken to France at eight years of age, was educated for a Catholic priest. Coming to the United States in 1815, he was at Cahokia, 111., in 1818, where, during the same year, he married into a French family of that place. He served in the House of Representatives from Randolph County, in the Second and Third General Assemblies (1820-24), and as Senator in the Fourth and Fifth (1824-28). During his last term in the House, he was one of those who voted against the pro-slavery Con- vention resolution. He died of cholera, at Kas- kaskia, in 1833. WIKE, Scott, lawyer and ex-Congressman, was born at Meadville, Pa., April 6, 1834; at 4 years of age removed with his parents to Quincy, 111., 588 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. and, in 1844, to Pike County. Having graduated from Lombard University, Galesburg, in 1857, he began reading law with Judge O. C. Skinner of Quinoy. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, but, before commencing practice, spent a year at Harvard Law School, graduating there in 1859. Immediately thereafter he opened an office at Pittsfield, 111., and has resided there ever since. In politics he has always been a strong Democrat. He served two terms in the Legislature (1863-67) and, in 1874, was chosen Representative from his District in Congress, being re-elected in 1888 and, again, in 1890. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland Third Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, which position he continued to fill until March, 1897, when he resumed the practice of law at Pittsfield. Died Jan. 15, 1901. WILEY, (Col.) Benjamin Ladd, soldier, was born in Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, March 25, 1821, came to Illinois in 1845 and began life at Vienna, Johnson County, as a teacher. In 1846 he enlisted for the Mexican War, as a member of the Fifth (Colonel Newby's) Regiment Illinois Volunteers, serving chiefly in New Mexico until mustered out in 1848. A year later he removed to Jonesboro, where he spent some time at the carpenter's trade, after which he became clerk in a store, meanwhile assisting to edit "The Jonesboro Gazette" until 1853; then became traveling salesman for a St. Louis firm, but later engaged in the hardware trade at Jonesboro, in which he continued for several years. In 1856 he was the Republican candidate for Congress for the Ninth District, receiving 4,000 votes, while Fremont, the Republican can- didate for President, received only 825 in the same district. In 1857 he opened a real estate office in Jonesboro in conjunction with David L. Phillips and Col. J. W. Ashley, with which he was connected until 1860, when he removed to Makanda, Jackson County. In September, 1861, he was mustered in as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Illinois Cavalry, later serving in Missouri and Arkansas under Generals Steele and Curtiss, being, a part of the time, in command of the First Brigade of Cavalry, and, in the advance on Vicks- burg, having command of the right wing of General Grant's cavalry. Being disabled by rheumatism at the end of the siege, he tendered his resignation, and was immediately appointed Enrolling Officer at Cairo, serving in this capac- ity until May, 1865, when he was mustered out. In 1869 he was appointed by Governor Palmer one of the Commissioners to locate the Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, and served as Secretary of the Board until the institution wa3 opened at Anna, in May, 1871. In 1869 he was defeated as a candidate for County Judge of Jackson County, and, in 1872, for the State Sen- ate, by a small majority in a strongly Democratic District; in 1876 was the Republican candidate for Congress, in the Eighteenth District, against William Hartzell, but was defeated by only twenty votes, while carrying six out of the ten counties comprising the District. In the latter years of his life, Colonel Wiley was engaged quite extensively in fruit-growing at Makanda, Jack- son County, where he died, March 22, 1890. WILKIE, Franc Bangs, journalist, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., July 2, 1830; took a partial course at Union College, after which he edited papers at Schenectady, N. Y., Elgin, 111., and Davenport and Dubuque, Iowa ; also serving, during a part of the Civil War, as the western war correspondent of "The New York Times." In 1863 he became an editorial writer on "The Chicago Times," remaining with that paper, with the exception of a brief interval, until 1888 —a part of the time as its European correspond- ent. He was the author of a series of sketches over the nom de plume of "Poliuto," and of a volume of reminiscences under the title, "Thirty-five Years of Journalism," published shortly before his death, which took place, April 12, 1892. WILKIN, Jacob W., Justice of the Supreme Court, was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 7, 1837 ; removed with his parents to Illinois, at 12 years of age, and was educated at McKendree College ; served three years in the War for the Union; studied law with Judge Scholfield and was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1872, he was chosen Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket, and, in 1879, elected Judge of the Circuit Court and re-elected in 1885 — the latter year being assigned to the Appellate bench for the Fourth District, where he remained until his election to the Supreme bench in 1888, being re-elected to the latter office in 1897. His home is at Danville. WILKINSON, Ira 0., lawyer and Judge, was born in Virginia in 1822, and accompanied his father to Jacksonville (1835), where he was edu- cated. During a short service as Deputy Clerk of Morgan County, he conceived a fondness for the profession of the law, and, after a course of study under Judge William Thomas, was admitted to practice in 1847. Richard Yates (afterwards Gov- ernor and Senator) was his first partner. In 1845 he removed to Rock Island, and, six years later, HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 589 was elected a Circuit Judge, being again closen to the same position in 1861. At the expiration of his second term he removed to Chicago. Died, at Jacksonville, August 24, 1894 WILKINSON, John P., early merchant, was born, Dec. 14, 1790, in New Kent County, Va., emigrated first to Kentucky, and, in 1828, settled in Jacksonville, 111., where he engaged in mer- cantile business. Mr. Wilkinson was a liberal friend of Illinois College and Jacksonville Female Academy, of each of which he was a Trustee from their origin until his death, which occurred, during a business visit to St. Louis, in December, 1841. WILL, Conrad, pioneer physician and early legislator, was born in Philadelphia, June 4, 1778 ; about 1804 removed to Somerset County Pa., and, in 1813, to Kaskaskia, 111. He was a physician by profession, but having leased the saline lands on the Big Muddy, in the vicinity of what after- wards became the town of Brownsville, he engaged in the manufacture of salt, removing thither in 1815, and becoming one of the founders of Brownsville, afterwards the first county-seat of Jackson County. On the organization of Jackson County, in 1816, he became a member of the first Board of County Commissioners, and, in 1818, served as Delegate from that county in the Convention which framed the first State Consti- tution. Thereafter he served continuously as a member of the Legislature from 1818 to '34 — first as Senator in the First General Assembly, then as Representative in the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth, and again as Senator in the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth— his career being conspicuous for long service. He died in office, June 11, 1834. Dr. Will was short of stature, fleshy, of jovial disposition and fond of playing practical jokes upon his associates, but very popular, as shown by his successive elections to the Legislature. He has been called "The Father of Jackson County." Will County, organized by act of the Legislature two years after his death, was named in his honor. WILL COUNTY, a northeastern county, em- bracing 850 square miles, named in honor of Dr. Conrad Will, an early politician and legislator. Early explorations of the territory were made in 1829, when white settlers were few. The bluff west of Joliet is said to have been first occupied by David and Benjamin Maggard. Joseph Smith, the Mormon "apostle," expounded his peculiar doctrines at "the Point" in 1831. Sev- eral of the early settlers fled from the country during (or after) a raid by the Sac Indians. There is a legend, seemingly well supported, to the effect that the first lumber, sawed to build the first frame house in Chicago (that of P. F. W. Peck), was sawed at Plainfield. Will County, originally a part of Cook, was separately erected in 1836, Joliet being made the county-seat. Agriculture, quarrying and manufacturing are the chief industries. Joliet, Lockport and Wil- mington are the principal towns. Population (1880), 53,422; (1890), 62,007; (1900), 74,764. WILLARD, Frances Elizabeth, teacher and reformer, was born at Churchville, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1839, graduated from the Northwestern Female College at Evanston, 111., in 1859, and, in 1862, accepted the Professorship of Natural Sciences in that institution. During 1866-67 she was the Principal of the Genessee Wesleyan Seminary. The next two years she devoted to travel and study abroad, meanwhile contribut- ing to various periodicals. From 1871 to 1874 she was Professor of ^Esthetics in the Northwestern University and dean of the Woman's College. She was always an enthusiastic champion of temperance, and, in 1874, abandoned her profes- sion to identify herself with the Woman's Chris- tian Temperance Union. For five years she was Corresponding Secretary of the national body, and, from 1879, its President. While Secretary she organized the Home Protective Association, and prepared a petition to the Illinois Legislature, to which nearly 200,000 names were attached, asking for the granting to women of the right to vote on the license question. In 1878 she suc- ceeded her brother, Oliver A. Willard (who had died), as editor of "The Chicago Evening Post," but, a few months later, withdrew, and, in 1882, was elected as a member of the executive com- mittee of the National Prohibition party. In 1886 she became leader of the White Cross Move- ment for the protection of women, and succeeded in securing favorable legislation, in this direc- tion, in twelve States. ' In 1883 she founded the World's Christian Temperance Union, and, in 1888, was chosen its President, as also President of the International Council of Women. The latter years of her life were spent chiefly abroad, much of the time as the guest and co-worker of Lady Henry Somerset, of England, during which she devoted much attention to investigating the condition of women in the Orient. Miss Willard was a prolific and highly valued contributor to the magazines, and (besides numerous pamphlets) published several volumes, including "Nineteen Beautiful Years" (a tribute to her sister); "Woman in Temperance"; "How to Win," and 590 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. "Woman in the Pulpit." Died, in New York, Feb. 18, 1898. WILLARD, Samuel, A.M., M.D., LL.D., phy- sician and educator, was born in Lunenberg, Vt., Dec. 30, 1821— the lineal descendant of Maj. Simon Willard, one of the founders of Concord, Mass., and prominent in "King Philip's "War," and of his son, Rev. Dr. Samuel Willard, of the Old South Church, Boston, and seventh President of Harvard College. The subject of this sketch was taken in his infancy to Boston, and, in 1831, to Carrollton, 111., where his father pursued the avocation of a druggist. After a preparatory course at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, in 1836 he entered the freshman class in Illinois College at Jacksonville, but withdrew the following year, re-entering college in 1840 and graduating in the class of 1843, as a classmate of Dr. Newton Bate- man, afterwards State Superintendent of Public Instruction and President of Knox College, and Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, now of Elmira, N. Y. The next year he spent as Tutor in Illinois Col- lege, when he began the study of medicine at Quincy, graduating from the Medical Department of Illinois College in 1848. During a part of the latter year he edited a Free-Soil campaign paper ("The Tribune") at Quincy, and, later, "The Western Temperance Magazine" at the same place. In 1849 he began the practice of his pro- fession at St. Louis, but the next year removed to Collinsville, 111. , remaining until 1857, when he took charge of the Department of Languages in the newly organized State Normal University at Normal. The second year of the Civil War (1862) he enlisted as a private in the Ninety-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was soon after commissioned as Surgeon with the rank of Major, participating in the campaigns in Tennessee and in the first attack upon Vicksburg. Being dis- abled by an attack of paralysis, in February, 1863, he was compelled to resign, when he had suffici- ently recovered accepting a position in the office of Provost Marshal General Oakes, at Spring- field, where he remained until the close of the war. He then became Grand Secretary of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows for the State of Illinois — a position which he had held from 1856 to 1862 —remaining under his second appoint- ment from 1865 to '69. The next year he served as Superintendent of Schools at Springfield, meanwhile assisting in founding the Springfield public library, and serving as its first librarian. In 1870 he accepted the professorship of History in the West Side High School of Chicago, which, with the exception of two years (1884-86), he continued to occupy for more than twenty- five years, retiring in 1898. In the meantime, Dr. Willard has been a laborious literary worker, having been,- for a considerable period, editor, or assistant-editor, of "The Illinois Teacher," a con- tributor to "The Century Magazine" and "The Dial" of Chicago, besides having published a "Digest of the Laws of Odd Fellowship" in six- teen volumes, begun while he was Grand Secre- tary of the Order in 1864, and continued in 1872 and '82; a "Synopsis of History and Historical Chart," covering the period from B. C. 800 to A. D. 1876 — of which he has had a second edition in course of preparation. Of late years he has been engaged upon a "Historical Diction- ary of Names and Places," which will include some 12,000 topics, and which promises to be the most important work of his life. Previous to the war he was an avowed Abolitionist and operator on the "Underground Railroad," who made no concealment of his opinions, and, on one or two occasions, was called to answer for them in prosecutions under the "Fugitive Slave Act." (See "Underground Railroad.") His friend and classmate, the late Dr. Bateman, says of him: "Dr. Willard is a sound thinker; a clear and forcible writer; of broad and accurate scholarship; conscientious, genial and kindly, and a most estimable gentleman." WILLIAMS, Archibald, lawyer and jurist, was born in Montgomery County, Ky., June 10, 1801; with moderate advantages but natural fondness for study, he chose the profession of law, and was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1828, coming to Quincy, 111., the following year. He was elected to the General Assembly three times — serving in the Senate in 1832-36, and in the House, 1836-40 ; was United States District Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, by appointment of President Taylor, 1849-53; was twice the candidate of his party (the Whig) for United States Senator, and appointed by Presi- dent Lincoln, in 1861, United States District Judge for the State of Kansas. His abilities and high character were widely recognized. Died, in Quincy, Sept. 21, 1863— His son, John H., an attorney at Quincy, served as Judge of the Cir- cuit Court 1879-85. — Another son, Abraham Lin- coln, was twice elected Attorney-General of Kansas. WILLIAMS, Erastus Smith, lawyer and ju- rist, was born at Salem, N. Y., May 22, 1821. In 1842 he removed to Chicago, where, after reading law, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1854 he was appointed Master in Chancery, which HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 591 office he filled until 1863, when he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. After re-election in 1870 he became Chief Justice, and, at the same time, heard most of the cases on the equity side of the court. In 1879 he was a candidate for re-election as a Republican, but was defeated with the party ticket. After his retirement from the bench he resumed private practice. Died, Feb. 24, 1884. WILLIAMS, James R., Congressman, was born in White County, 111., Dec. 27, 1850, at the age of 25 graduated from the Indiana State Uni- versity, at Bloomington, and, in 1876, from the Union College of Law, Chicago, since then being an active and successful practitioner at Carmi. In 1880 he was appointed Master in Chancery and served two years. From 1882 to 1886 he was County Judge. In 1892 he was a nominee on the Democratic ticket for Presidential Elector. He was elected to represent the Nineteenth Illi- nois District in the Fifty-first Congress at a special election held to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of R. W. Townshend, was re-elected in 1890 and 1892, but defeated by Orlando Burrell (Republican) for re-election in the newly organ- ized Twentieth District in 1894. In 1898 he was again a candidate and elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress. WILLIAMS, John, pioneer merchant, was born in Bath County, Ky., Sept. 11, 1808; be- tween 14 and 16 years of age was clerk in a store in his native State; then, joining his parents, who had settled on a tract of land in a part of Sangamon (now Menard) County, 111., he found employment as clerk in the store of Major Elijah lies, at Springfield, whom he succeeded in busi- ness at the age of 22, continuing it without inter- ruption until 1880. In 1856 Mr. Williams was the Republican candidate for Congress in the Springfield District, and, in 1861, was appointed Commissary-General for the State, rendering valuable service in furnishing supplies for State troops, in camps of instruction and while proceed- ing to the field, in the first years of the war ; was also chief officer of the Illinois Sanitary Commis- sion for two years, and, as one of the intimate persona] friends of Mr. Lincoln, was chosen to accompany the remains of the martyred President, from Washington to Springfield, for burial. Liberal, enterprising and public-spirited, his name was associated with nearly every public enter- prise of importance in Springfield during his business career — being one of the founders, and, for eleven years President, of the First National Bank; a chief promoter in the construction of what is now the Springfield Division of the Illi- nois Central Railroad, and the Springfield and Peoria line; a Director of the Springfield Iron Company; one of the Commissioners who con- structed the Springfield water-works, and an officer of the Lincoln Monument Association, from 1865 to his death, May 29, 1890. WILLIAMS, Norman, lawyer, was born at Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 1, 1833, being related, on both the paternal and maternal sides, to some of the most prominent families of New England. He fitted for college at Union Academy, Meriden, and graduated from the University of Vermont in the class of 1855. After taking a course in the Albany Law School and with a law firm in his native town, he was admitted to practice in both New York and Vermont, removed to Chi- cago in 1858, and, in 1860, became a member of the firm of King, Kales & Williams, still later forming a partnership with Gen. John L. Thomp- son, which ended with the death of the latter in 1888. In a professional capacity he assisted in the organization of the Pullman Palace Car Com- pany, and was a member of its Board of Directors ; also assisted in organizing the Western Electric Company, and was prominently identified with the Chicago Telephone Company and the Western Union Telegraph Company. In 1881 he served as the United States Commissioner to the Electrical Exposition at Paris. In conjunction with his brother (Edward H. Williams) he assisted in founding the public library at Woodstock, Vt., which, in honor of his father, received the name of "The Norman Williams Public Library." With Col. Huntington W. Jackson and J. Mc- Gregor Adams, Mr. Williams was named, in the will of the late John Crerar, as an executor of the Crerar estate and one of the Trustees of the Crerar Public Library, and became its first Presi- dent ; was also a Director of the Chicago Pub- lic Library, and trustee of a number of large estates. Mr. Williams was a son-in-law of the late Judge John D. Caton, and his oldest daughter became the wife of Major-General Wesley Mer- ritt, a few months before his death, which oc- curred at Hampton Beach, N. H, June 19, 1899 —his remains being interred in his native town of Woodstock, Vt. WILLIAMS, Robert Ebenezer, lawyer, born Dec. 3, 1825, at Clarksville, Pa., his grandfathers on both sides being soldiers of the Revolutionary War. In 1830 his parents removed to Washing- ton in the same State, where in boyhood he worked as a mechanic in his father's shop, attending a common school in the winter until 592 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. he reached the age of 17 years, when he entered Washington College, remaining for more than a year. He then began teaching, and, in 1845 went to Kentucky, where he pursued the business of a teacher for four years. Then he entered Bethany College in West Virginia, at the same time prosecuting his law studies, but left at the close of his junior year, when, having been licensed to practice, he removed to Clinton, Texas. Here he accepted, from a retired lawyer, the loan of a law library, which he afterwards purchased; served for two years as State's Attor- ney, and, in 1856, came to Bloomington, 111., where he spent the remainder of his life in the practice of his profession. Much of his time was devoted to practice as a railroad attorney, espe- cially in connection with the Chicago & Alton and the Illinois Central Railroads, in which he acquired prominence and wealth. He was a life- long Democrat and, in 1868, was the unsuccessful candidate of his party for Attorney-General of the State. The last three years of his life he had been in bad health, dying at Bloomington, Feb. 15, 1899. WILLIAMS, Samuel, Bank President, was born in Adams County, Ohio, July 11, 1820; came to Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and, in 1842, removed to Iroquois County, where he held vari- ous local offices, including that of County Judge, to which he was elected in 1861. During his later years he had been President of the Watseka Citizens' Bank. Died, June 16, 1896. WILLIAMSON, Rollin Samuel, legislator and jurist, was born at Cornwall, Vt., May 23, 1839. At the age of 14 he went to Boston, where he began life as a telegraph messenger boy. In two years he had become a skillful operator, and, as such, was employed in various offices in New England and New York. In 1857 he came to Chicago seeking employment and, through the fortunate correction of an error on the part of the receiver of a message, secured the position of operator and station agent at Palatine, Cook County. Here he read law during his leisure time without a preceptor, and, in 1870, was admitted to the bar. The same year he was elected to the lower House of the General Assembly and, in 1872, to the Senate. In 1880 he was elected to the bench of the Superior Court of Cook County, and, in 1887, was chosen a Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court. Died, Au- gust 10, 1889. WILLIAMSON COUNTY, in the southern part of the State, originally set off from Franklin and organized in 1839. The county is well watered, the principal streams being the Big Muddy and the South Fork of the Saline. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The region was originally well covered with forests. All the cereals (as well as potatoes) are cultivated, and rich meadows encourage stock-raising. Coal and sandstone underlie the entire county. Area, 440 square miles; population (1880), 19,324: (1890) 22,226; (1900), 27,796. WILLIAMSVILLE, village of Sangamon Coun- ty, on Chicago & Alton Railroad, 12 miles north of Springfield ; has a bank, elevator, 3 churches, a newspaper and coal-mines. Pop. (1900), 573. WILLIS, Jonathan Clay, soldier and former Railroad and Warehouse Commissioner, was born in Sumner County, Tenn., June 27, 1826; brought to Gallatin County, 111., in 1834, and settled at Golconda in 1843; was elected Sheriff of Pope County in 1856, removed to Metropolis in 1859, and engaged in the wharf-boat and commission business. He entered the service as Quarter- master of the Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteers in 1861, but was compelled to resign on account of injuries, in 1863; was elected Representative i™ the Twenty-sixth General Assembly (1868), appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1869, and Railway and Warehouse Commissioner in 1892, as the successor of John R. Tanner, serving until 1893. WILMETTE, a village in Cook County, 14 miles north of Chicago, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, a handsome suburb of Chicago on the shore of Lake Michigan; principal streets paved and shaded with fine forest trees; has public library and good schools. Pop. (1900), 2,300. WILMINGTON, a city of Will County, on the Kankakee River and the Chicago & Alton Rail- road, 53 miles from Chicago and 15 south-south- west of Joliet; has considerable manufactures, two National banks, a graded school, churches and one newspaper. Wilmington is the location of the Illinois Soldiers' Widows' Home. Popu- lation (1890), 1,576; (1900), 1,420. WILSON, Charles Lush, journalist, was born in Fairfield County, Conn., Oct. 10, 1818, edu- cated in the common schools and at an academy in his native State, and, in 1835, removed to Chi- cago, entering the employment of his older brothers, who were connected with the construc- tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal at Joliet. His brother, Richard L. , having assumed charge of "The Chicago Daily Journal" (the successor of "The Chicago American"), in]1844, Charles L. took a position in the office, ultimately securing a partnership, which continued until the death HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 593 of his brother in 1856, when he succeeded to the ownership of the paper. Mr. Wilson was an ardent friend and supporter of Abraham Lincoln for the United States Senate in 1858, but, in 1860, favored the nomination of Mr. Seward for the Presidency, though earnestly supporting Mr. Lin- coln after his nomination. In 1861 he was appointed Secretary of the American Legation at London, serving with the late Minister Charles Francis Adams, until 1864, when he resigned and resumed his connection with "The Journal." In 1875 his health began to fail, and three years later, having gone to San Antonio, Tex., in the hope of receiving benefit from a change of cli- mate, he died in that city, March 9, 1878. — Richard Lush (Wilson), an older brother of the preceding, the first editor and publisher of "The Chicago Evening Journal," the oldest paper of consecutive publication in Chicago, was a native of New York. Coming to Chicago with his brother John L., in 1834, they soon after estab- lished themselves in business on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, then in course of construction. In 1844 he took charge of "The Chicago Daily Journal" for a publishing committee which had purchased the material of ' 'The Chicago Ameri- can," but soon after became principal proprietor. In April, 1847, while firing a salute in honor of the victory of Buena Vista, he lost an arm and was otherwise injured by the explosion of the can- non. Early in 1849, he was appointed, by Presi- dent Taylor, Postmaster of the city of Chicago, but, having failed of confirmation, was compelled to retire in favor of a successor appointed by Millard Fillmore, eleven months later. Mr. Wilson published a little volume in 1842 entitled "A Trip to Santa Fe," and, a few years later, a story of travel under the title, "Short Ravel- lings from a Long Yarn. " Died, December, 1856. —John Lush (Wilson), another brother, also a native of New York, came to Illinois in 1834, was afterwards associated with his brothers in busi- ness, being for a time business manager of "The Chicago Journal;" also served one term as Sher- iff of Cook County. Died, in Chicago, April 13, 1888. WILSON, Isaac Grant, jurist, was born at Middlebury, N. Y., April 26, 1817, graduated from Brown University in 1838, and the same year came to Chicago, whither his father's family had preceded him in 1835. After reading law for two years, he entered the senior class at Cambridge (Mass.) Law School, graduating in 1841. In August of that year he opened an office at Elgin, and, for ten years "rode the cir- cuit." In 1851 he was elected to the bench of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit to fill a vacancy, and re-elected for a full term in 1855, and again in '61. In November of the latter year he was commissioned the* first Colonel of the Fifty- second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but resigned, a few weeks later, and resumed his place upon the bench. From 1867 to 1879 he devoted him- self to private practice, which was largely in the Federal Courts. In 1879 he resumed his seat upon the bench (this time for the Twelfth Cir- cuit) , and was at once designated as one of the Judges of the Appellate Court at Chicago, of which tribunal he became Chief Justice in 1881. In 1885 he was re-elected Circuit Judge, but died, about the close of his term, at Geneva, June 8, 1891. WILSON, James Grant, soldier and author, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, April 28, 1832, and, when only a year old, was brought by his father, William Wilson, to America. The family settled at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where James Grant was educated at College Hill and under private teachers. After finishing his studies he became his father's partner in business, but, in 1855, went abroad, and, shortly after his return, removed to Chicago, where he founded the first literary paper established in the Northwest. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he disposed of his journal to enlist in the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Major and after- wards promoted to the colonelcy. In August, 1863, while at New Orleans, by advice of General Grant, he accepted a commission as Colonel of the Fourth Regiment United States Colored Cavalry, and was assigned, as Aid-de-camp, to the staff of the Commander of the Department of the Gulf, filling this post until April, 1865. When General Banks was relieved, Colonel Wil- son was brevetted Brigadier-General and placed in command at Port Hudson, resigning in July, 1865, since which time his home has been in New York. He is best known as an author, having published numerous addresses, and being a fre- quent contributor to American and European magazines. Among larger works which he has written or edited are "Biographical Sketches of Illinois Officers"; "Love in Letters"; "Life of General U. S. Grant"; "Life and Letters of Fitz Greene Halleck" ; "Poets and Poetry of Scotland"; "Bryant and His Friends", and "Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. " WILSON, James Harrison, soldier and mili- tary engineer, was born near Shawneetown, 111. , Sept. 2, 1837. His grandfather, Alexander Wil- 594 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. son, was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and his father (Harrison Wilson) was an ensign dur- ing the War of 1812 and a Captain in the Black Hawk War. His brother (Bluford Wilson) served as Assistant Adjutant-General of Volun- teers during the Civil War, and as Solicitor of the United States Treasury during the "whisky ring" prosecutions. James H. was educated in the common schools, at McKendree College, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating from the latter in 1860, and being assigned to the Topographical Engineer Corps. In September, 1861, he was promoted to a First Lieutenancy, then served as Chief Topo- graphical Engineer of the Port Royal expedition until March, 1862; was afterwards attached to the Department of the South, being present at the bombardment of Fort Pulaski; was Aid-de- camp to McClellan, and participated in the bat- tles of South Mountain and Antietam ; was made Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers in November, 1862; was Chief Topographical Engineer and Inspector-General of the Army of the Tennessee until October, 1863, being actively engaged in the operations around Vicksburg; was made Captain of Engineers in May, 1863, and Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Oct. 31, following. He also conducted operations preliminary to the battle of Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, and for the relief of Knoxville. Later, he was placed in command of. the Third Division of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac, serving from May to August, 1864, under General Sheridan. Subsequently he was transferred to the Depart- ment of the Mississippi, where he so distinguished himself that, on April 20, 1865, he was made Major-General of Volunteers. In twenty-eight days he captured five fortified cities, twenty- three stands of colors, 288 guns and 6,820 prison- ers — among the latter being Jefferson Davis. He was mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1866, and, on July 28, following, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty- fifth United States Infantry, being also brevetted Major-General in the regular army. On*Dec. 31, 1870, he returned to civil life, and was afterwards largely engaged in railroad and engineering oper- ations, especially in West Virginia. Promptly after the declaration of war with Spain (1898) General Wilson was appointed, by the President, Major-General of Volunteers, serving until its close. He is the author of "China: Travels and Investigations in the Middle Kingdom" ; "Life of Andrew J. Alexander"; and the "Life of Gen. U. S. Grant," in conjunction with Charles A. Dana. His home, in recent years, has been in New York. WILSON, John M., lawyer and jurist, was born in New Hampshire in 1802, graduated at Bowdoin College in 1824— the classmate of Frank- lin Pierce and Nathaniel Hawthorne ; studied law in New Hampshire and came to Illinois in 1835, locating at Joliet; removed to Chicago in 1841, where he was the partner of Norman B. Judd, serving, at different periods, as attorney of the Chicago & Rock Island, the Lake'Shore & Michi- gan Southern and the Chicago & Northwestern Railways; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cook County, 1853-59, when he became Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, serving until 1868. Died, Dec. 7, 1883. WILSON, John P., lawyer, was born in White- side County, 111., July 3, 1844; educated in the common schools and at Knox College, Galesburg, graduating from the latter in 1865; two years later was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and speedily attained prominence in his profession. During the World's Fair period he was retained as counsel by the Committee on Grounds and Buildings, and was prominently connected, as counsel for the city, with the Lake Front litiga- tion. WILSON, Robert L., early legislator, was born in Washington County, Pa., Sept. 11, 1805, taken to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810, graduated at Frank- lin College in 1831, studied law and, in 1833, removed to Athens (now in Menard County), 111. ; was elected Representative in 1836, and was one of the members from Sangamon County, known as the "Long Nine," who assisted in securing the removal of the State Capital to Springfield. Mr. Wilson removed to Sterling, Whiteside County, in 1840, was elected five times Circuit Clerk and served eight years as Probate Judge. Immedi- ately after the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted as private in a battalion in Washington City under command of Cassius M. Clay, for guard duty until the arrival of the Seventh New York Regi- ment. He subsequently assisted in raising troops in Illinois, was appointed Paymaster by Lincoln, serving at Washington, St. Louis, and, after the fall of Vicksburg, at Springfield — being mustered out in November, 1865. Died, in White- side County, 1880. WILSON, Robert S., lawyer and jurist, was born at Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pa. , Nov. 6, 1812; learned the printer's art, then studied law and was admitted to the bar in Allegheny County, about 1833; in 1836 removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he served as Probate Judge HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 595 and State Senator ; in 1850 came to Chicago, was elected Judge of the Recorder's Court in 1853, and re-elected in 1858, serving ten years, and proving "a terror to evil-doers." Died, at Law- rence, Mich., Dec. 23, 1882. WILSON, William, early jurist, was born in Loudoun County, Va., April 27, 1794; studied law with Hon. John Cook, a distinguished lawyer, and minister to France in the early part of the century; in 1817 removed to Kentucky, soon after came to Illinois, two years later locating in White County, near Carmi, which continued to be his home during the remainder of his life. In 1819 he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court as successor to "William P. Foster, who is described by Governor Ford as "a great rascal and no lawyer," and who held office only about nine months. Judge Wilson was re-elected to the Supreme bench, as Chief- Justice, in 1825, being then only a little over 30 years old, and held office until the reorganization of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of 1848 — a period of over twenty-nine years, and, with the exception of Judge Browne's, the long- est term of service in the history of the court. He died at his home in White County, April 29, 1857. A Whig in early life, he allied himself with the Democratic party on the dissolution of the former. Hon. James C. Conkling, of Spring- field, says of him, "as a writer, his style was clear and distinct; as a lawyer, his judgment was sound and discriminating." WINCHESTER, a city and county-seat of Scott County, founded in 1839, situated on Big Sandy Creek and on the line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 29 miles south of Beardstown and 84 miles north by west of St. Louis. While the surrounding region is agricultural and largely devoted to wheat growing, there is some coal mining. Winchester is an important shipping- point, having three grain elevators, two flouring mills, and a coal mine employing fifty miners. There are four Protestant and one Catholic church, a court house, a high school, a graded school building, two banks and two weekly news- papers. Population (1880), 1,626; (1890), 1,542; (1900), 1,711. WINDSOR, a city of Shelby County at the cross- ing of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and the Wabash Railways, 11 miles north- east of Shelbyville. Population (1880), 768; C1890), 888; (1900), 866. WINES, Frederick Howard, clergyman and sociologist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 9, 1838, graduated at Washington (Pa. ) College in 1857, and, after serving as tutor there for a short time, entered Princeton Theological Semi- nary, but was compelled temporarily to discon- tinue his studies on account of a weakness of the eyes. The Presbytery of St. Louis licensed him to preach in 1860, and, in 1862, he was com- missioned Hospital Chaplain in the Union army. During 1862-64 he was stationed at Springfield, Mo., participating in the battle of Springfield on Jan. 8, 1863, and being personally mentioned for bravery on the field in the official report. Re- entering the seminary at Princeton in 1864, he graduated in 1865, and at once accepted a call to the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church of Springfield, 111., which he filled for four years. In 1869 he was appointed Secretary of the newly created Board of Commissioners of Public Chari- ties of Illinois, in which capacity he continued until 1893, when he resigned. For the next four years he was chiefly engaged in literary work, in lecturing before universities on topics connected with social science, in aiding in the organization of charitable work, and in the conduct of a thorough investigation into the relations between liquor legislation and crime. At an early period he took a prominent part in organizing the various Boards of Public Charities of the United States into an organization known as the National Conference of Charities and Corrections, and, at the Louisville meeting (1883), was elected its President. At the International Penitentiary Congress at Stockholm (1878) he was the official delegate from Illinois. On his return, as a result of his observations while abroad, he submitted to the Legislature a report strongly advocating the construction of the Kankakee Hospital for the Insane, then about to be built, upon the "detached ward" or "village" plan, a departure from then existing methods, which marks an era in the treatment of insane in the United States. Mr. Wines conducted the investigation into the condition and number of the defective, depend- ent and delinquent classes throughout the coun- try, his report constituting a separate volume under the "Tenth Census," and rendered a simi- lar service in connection with the eleventh census (1890). In 1887 he was elected Secretary of the National Prison Association, succeeding to the post formerly held by his father, Enoch Cobb Wines, D.D., LL.D. After the inauguration of Governor Tanner in 1897, he resumed his former position of Secretary of the Board of Public Charities, remaining until 1899, when he again tendered his resignation, having received the appointment to the position of Assistant Director 596 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. of the Twelfth Census, which he now holds. He is the author of "Crime and Reformation'' (1895) ; of a voluminous series of reports ; also of numer- ous pamphlets and brochures, among which may be mentioned "The County Jail System; An Argument for its Abolition" (1878) ; "The Kanka- kee Hospital" (1882); "Provision for the Insane in the United States" (1885); "Conditional Liberation, or the Paroling of Prisoners" (1886), and "American Prisons in the Tenth Census" (1888). WINES, Walter B., lawyer (brother of Freder- ick H. Wines), was born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 10, 1848, received his primary education at Willis- ton Academy, East Hampton, Mass., after which he entered Middlebury College, Vt., taking a classical course and graduating there. He after-" wards became a student in the law department of Columbia College, N. Y., graduating in 1871, being admitted to the bar the same year and commencing practice in New York City. In 1879 he came to Springfield, 111. , and was, for a time, identified with the bar of that city. Later, he removed to Chicago, where he has been engaged in literary and journalistic work. WINNEBAGO COUNTY, situated in the "northern tier," bordering on the Wisconsin State line ; was organized, under an act passed in 1836, from La Salle and Jo Daviess Counties, and has an area of 552 square miles. The county is drained by the Rock and Pecatonica Rivers. The surface is rolling prairie and the soil fertile. The geology is simple, the quaternary deposits being underlaid by the Galena blue and buff limestone, adapted for building purposes. All the cereals are raised in abundance, the chief product being corn. The Winnebago Indians (who gave name to the county) formerly lived on the west side of the Rock River, and the Potta- watomies on the east, but both tribes removed westward in 1835. (As to manufacturing inter- ests, see Rockford.) Population (1880), 30,505; (1890), 39,938; (1900), 47,845 WINNEBAGO WAK. The name given to an Indian disturbance which had its origin in 1827, during the administration of Gov. Ninian Edwards. The Indians had been quiet since the conclusion of the War of 1812, but a few isolated outrages were sufficient to start terrified "run- ners" in all directions. In the northern portion of the State, from Galena to Chicago (then Fort Dearborn) the alarm was intense. The meagre militia force of the State was summoned and volunteers were called for. Meanwhile, 600 United States Regular Infantry, under command of Gen. Henry Atkinson, put in an appearance. Besides the infantry, Atkinson had at his disposal some 130 mounted sharpshooters. The origin of the disturbance was as follows: The Winne- bagoes attacked a band of Chippewas, who were (by treaty) under Government potection, several of the latter being killed. For participation in this offense, four Winnebago Indians were sum- marily apprehended, surrendered to the Chippe- was and shot. Meanwhile, some dispute had arisen as to the title of the lands, claimed by the Winnebagoes in the vicinity of Galena, which had been occupied by white miners. Repeated acts of hostility and of reprisal, along the Upper Mississippi, intensified mutual distrust. A gather- ing of the Indians around two keel-boats, laden with supplies for Fort Snelling, which had anchored near Prairie du Chien and opposite a Winnebago camp, was regarded by the whites as a hostile act. Liquor was freely distributed, and there is historical evidence that a half-dozen drunken squaws were carried off and shamefully maltreated. Several hundred warriors assembled to avenge the deception which had been practiced upon them. They laid in ambush for the boats on their return trip. The first passed too rapidly to be successfully assailed, but the second grounded and was savagely, yet unsuccessfully, attacked. The presence of General Atkinson's forces prevented an actual outbreak, and, on his demand, the great Winnebago Chief, Red Bird, with six other leading men of the tribe, sur- rendered themselves as hostages to save their nation from extermination. A majority of these were, after trial, acquitted. Red Bird, however, unable to endure confinement, literally pined to death in prison, dying on Feb. 16, 1828. He is described as having been a savage of superior intelligence and noble character. A treaty of peace was concluded with the Winnebagoes in a council held at "Prairie du Chien, a few months later, but the affair seems to have produced as much alarm among the Indians as it did among the whites. (For Winnebago Indians see page 576. ) WINNETKA, a village of Cook County, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, I6V2 miles north of Chicago. It stands eighty feet above the level of Lake Michigan, has good schools (being the seat of the Winnetka Institute), sev- eral churches, and is a popular residence town. Population (1880), 584; (1890), 1,079; (1900), 1,833. WINSTON, Frederick Hampton, lawyer, was born in Liberty County, Ga., Nov. 20, 1830, was brought to Woodford County, Ky., in 1835, left an orphan at 12, and attended the common HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 597 schools until 18, when, returning to Georgia, he engaged in cotton manufacture. He finally began the study of law with United States Sena- tor W. C. Dawson, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1852 ; spent some time in the office of W. M. Evarts in New York, was admitted to the bar and came to Chicago in 1853, where he formed a partnership with Norman B. Judd, afterwards being associated with Judge Henry W. Blodgett; served as general solicitor of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railways — remaining with the latter twenty years. In 1885 he was appointed, by President Cleveland, Minister to Persia, but resigned the following year, and traveled exten- sively in Russia, Scandinavia and other foreign countries. Mr. Winston was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1868, '76 and '84; first President of the Stock Yards at Jersey City, for twelve years President of the Lincoln Park Commission, and a Director of the Lincoln National Bank. WISCONSIN CENTRAL LINES. The Wiscon- sin Central Company was organized, June 17, 1887, and subsequently acquired the Minnesota, St. Croix & Wisconsin, the Wisconsin & Minne- sota, the Chippewa Falls & Western, the St. Paul & St. Croix Falls, the Wisconsin Central, the Penokee, and the Packwaukee & Montebello Rail- roads, and assumed the leases of the Milwaukee & Lake Winnebago and. the Wisconsin & Minne- sota Roads. On July 1, 1888, the company began to operate the entire Wisconsin Central system, with the exception of the Wisconsin Central Railroad and the leased Milwaukee & Lake Win- nebago, which remained in charge of the Wis- consin Central Railroad mortgage trustees until Nov. 1, 1889, when these, too, passed under the control of the Wisconsin Central Company. The Wisconsin Central Railroad Company is a re- organization (Oct. 1, 1879) of a company formed Jan. 1, 1871. The Wisconsin Central and the Wisconsin Central Railroad Companies, though differing in name, are a financial unit; the former holding most of the first mortgage bonds of the latter, and substantially all its notes, stocks and income bonds, but, for legal reasons (such as the protection of land titles), it is necessary that separate corporations be maintained. On April 1, 1890, the Wisconsin Central Company executed a lease to the Northern Pacific Railroad, but this was set aside by the courts, on Sept. 27, 1893, for non-payment of rent, and was finally canceled. On the same day receivers were appointed to insure the protection of all interests. The total mileage is 415.46 miles, of which the Company owns 258.90 — only .10 of a mile in Illinois. A line, 58.10 miles in length, with 8.44 miles of side-track (total, 66.54 miles), lying wholly within the State of Illinois, is operated by the Chicago & Wisconsin and furnishes the allied line an en- trance into Chicago. WITHKOW, Thomas F., lawyer, was born in Virginia in March, 1833, removed with his parents to Ohio in childhood, attended the Western Reserve College, and, after the death of his father, taught school and worked as a printer, later, editing a paper at Mount Vernon. In 1855 he' removed to Janesville, Wis. , where he again engaged in journalistic work, studied law, was admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1857, settled at Des Moines and served as private secretary of Governors Lowe and Kirkwood. In 1860 he became Supreme Court Reporter; served as Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- mittee in 1863 and, in 1866, became associated with the Rock Island Railroad in the capacity of local attorney, was made chief law officer of the Company in 1873, and removed to Chicago, and, in 1890, was promoted to the position of General Counsel. Died, in Chicago, Feb. 3, 1893. WOLCOTT, (Dr.) Alexander, early Indian Agent, was born at East Windsor, Conn., Feb. 14, 1790; graduated from Yale College in 1809, and, after a course in medicine, was commis- sioned, in 1812, Surgeon's Mate in the United States Army. In 1820 he was appointed Indian Agent at Fort Dearborn (now Chicago), as suc- cessor to Charles Jouett — the first Agent — who had been appointed a United States Judge in Arkansas. The same year he accompanied Gen- eral Lewis Cass and Henry Schoolcraft on their tour among the Indians of the Northwest; was married in 1823 to Ellen Marion Kinzie, a daughter of Col. John Kinzie, the first perma- nent settler of Chicago ; in 1825 was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Peoria County, which then included Cook County; was a Judge of Election in 1830, and one of the purchasers of a block of ground in the heart of the present city of Chicago, at the first sale of lots, held Sept. 27, 1830, but died before the close of the year. Dr. Wolcott appears to have been a high-minded and honorable man, as well as far in advance of the mass of pioneers in point of education and intel- ligence. WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CHI- CAGrO. (See Northwestern University Woman's Medical School.) 598 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. WOMAN SUFFRAGE. (See Suffrage.) WOOD, Benson, lawyer and Congressman, was born in Susquehanna County, Pa., in 1839; re- ceived a common school and academic education ; at the age of 20 came to Illinois, and, for two years, taught school in Lee County. He' then enlisted as a soldier in an Illinois regiment, attaining the rank of Captain of Infantry ; after the war, graduated from the Law Department of the old Chicago University, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. He was elected a member of the Twenty -eighth Gen- eral Assembly (1872) and was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 1888 ; also served as Mayor of the city of Effing- ham, where he now resides. In 1894 he was elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress by the Republicans of the Nineteenth District, which has uniformly returned a Democrat, and, in office, proved himself a most industrious and efficient member. Mr. Wood was defeated as a candidate for re-election in 1896. WOOD, John, pioneer, Lieutenant-Governor and Governor, was born at Moravia, N. Y., Dec. 20, 1798 — his father being a Revolutionary soldier who had served as Surgeon and Captain in the army. At the age of 21 years young Wood re- moved to Illinois, settling in what is now Adams County, and building the first log-cabin on the site of the present city of Quincy. He was a member of the upper house of the Seventeenth and Eight- eenth General Assemblies, and was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor in 1859 on the same ticket with Governor Bissell, and served out the unexpired term of the latter, who died in office. (See Bis- sell, William H.) He was succeeded by Richard Yates in 1861. In February of that year he was appointed one of the five Commissioners from Illinois to the "Peace Conference" at Wash- ington, to consider methods for averting civil war. The following May he was appointed Quartermaster-General for the State by Governor Yates, and assisted most efficiently in fitting out the troops for the field. In June, 1864, he was commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers (100-days' men) and mustered out of service the following Sep- tember. Died, at Quincy, June 11, 1880. He was liberal, patriotic and public-spirited. His fellow-citizens of Quincy erected a monument to his memory, which was appropriately dedicated, July 4, 1883. WOODFORD COUNTY, situated a little north of the center of the State, bounded on the west by the Illinois River ; organized in 1841 ; area, 540 square miles. The surface is generally level, except along the Illinois River, the soil fertile and well watered. The county lies in the north- ern section of the great coal field of the State. Eureka is the county-seat. Other thriving cities and towns are Metamora, Minonk, El Paso and Roanoke. Corn, oats, wheat, potatoes and barley are the principal crops. The chief mechanical industries are flour manufacture, carriage and wagon-making, and saddlery and harness work. Population (1890), 21,429; (1900), 21,822. WOODHULL, a village of Henry County, on Keithsburg branch Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 15 miles west of Galva; has a bank, electric lights, water works, brick and tile works, six churches and weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 774. WOODMAN, Charles W., lawyer and Congress- man, was born in Aalborg, Denmark. March 11, 1844 ; received his early education in the schools of his native country, but took to the sea in 1 860, following the life of a sailor until 1863, when, coming to Philadelphia, he enlisted in the Gulf Squadron of the United States. After the war, he came to Chicago, and, after reading law for some time in the office of James L. High, gradu- ated from the Law Department of the Chicago University in 1871. Some years later he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for some of the lower courts, and, in 1881, was nominated by the Judges of Cook County as one of the Justices of the Peace for the city of Chicago. In 1894 he became the Republican "candidate for Congress from the Fourth District and was elected, but failed to secure a renomination in 1896. Died, in Elgin Asylum for the Insane, March 18, 1898. WOODS, Rohert Mann, was born at Greenville, Pa., April 17, 1840; came with his parents to Illi- nois in 1842, the family settling at Barry, Pike County, but subsequently residing at Pittsfield, Canton and Galesburg. He was educated at Knox College in the latter place, which was his home from 1849 to '58; later, taught school in Iowa and Missouri until 1861, when he went to Springfield and began the study of law with Milton Hay and Shelby M. Cullom. His law studies having been interrupted by the Civil War, after spending some time in the mustering and disbursing office, he was promoted by Gov- ernor Yates to a place in the executive office, from which he went to the field as Adjutant of the Sixty-fourth Illinois Infantry, known as the "Yates Sharp-Shooters. " After participating, with the Army of the Tennessee, in the Atlanta campaign, he took part in the "March to the Sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, includ- HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 599 ing the siege of Savannah and the forcing of the Salkahatchie, where he distinguished himself, as also in the taking of Columbia, Fayetteville, Cheraw, Raleigh and Bentonville. At the latter place he had a horse shot under him and won the brevet rank of Major for gallantry in the field, having previously been commissioned Captain of Company A of his regiment. He also served on the staffs of Gens. Giles A. Smith, Benjamin F. Potts, and William "W. Belknap, and was the last mustering officer in General Sherman's army. In 1867 Major Woods removed to Chicago, where he was in business for a number of years, serving as chief clerk of Custom House construction from 1872 to 1877. In 1879 he purchased "The Daily Republican" at Joliet, which he conducted .successfully for fifteen years. While connected with "The Republican, " he served as Secretary of the Illinois Republican Press Association and in various other positions. Major Woods was one of the founders of the Grand Army of the Republic, whose birth-place was in Illinois. (See Grand Army of the Rejmb- lic; also Stephenson, Dr. B. F.) When Dr. Stephenson (who had been Surgeon of the Four- teenth Illinois Infantry), conceived the idea of founding such an order, he called to his assist- ance Major Woods, who was then engaged in writing the histories of Illinois regiments for the Adjutant-General's Report. The Major wrote the Constitution and By-laws of the Order, the charter blanks for all the reports, etc. The first •official order bears his name as the first Adjutant- General of the Order, as follows : Headquarters Department of Illinois Grand Army op the Repurlic. Springfield, III., April i, 186C. General Orders I m No. 1. ) The following named officers are hereby appointed and assigned to duty at these headquarters. They will be obeyed and respected accordingly: Colonel Jules C. Webber, A.D.C. and Chief of Staff. Colonel John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-General. Major Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-General. Captain John A. Lightfoot, Assistant Adjutant-General. Captain John S. Phelps, Aid-de-Camp. By order of B. F. Stephenson, Department Commander. Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-General. Major Woods afterwards organized the various Departments in the West, and it has been con- ceded that he furnished the money necessary to carry on the work during the first six months of the existence of the Order. He has never accepted a nomination or run for any political office, but is now engaged in financial business in Joliet and Chicago, with his residence in the -former place. WOODSON, David Meade, lawyer and jurist, was born in Jessamine County, Ky., May 18, 1806; was educated in private schools and at Transylvania University, and read law with his father. He served a term in the Kentucky Legis- lature in 1832, and, in 1834, removed to Illinois, settling at Carrollton, Greene County. In 1839 he was elected State's Attorney and, in 1840, a member of the lower house of the Legislature, being elected a second time in 1868. In 1843 he was the Whig candidate for Congress in the Fifth District, but was defeated by Stephen A. Douglas. He was a member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1847 and 1869-70. In 1848 he was elected a Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, remaining in office until 1867. Died, in 1877. WOODSTOCK, the county-seat of McHenry County, situated on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, about 51 miles northwest of Chicago and 32 miles east of Rockford. It contains ,t court house, eight churches, four banks, three newspaper offices, foundry and machine shops, planing mills, canning works, pickle, cheese and butter factories. The Oliver Typewriter Factory is located here; the town is also the seat of the Todd Seminary for boys. Population (1890), 1,683; (1900), 2,502. WORCESTER, Linus E., State Senator, was born in Windsor, Vt., Dec. 5, 1811, was educated in the common schools of his native State and at Chester Academy, came to Illinois in 1836, and, after teaching three years, entered a dry-goods store at Whitehall as clerk, later becoming a partner. He was also engaged in various other branches of business at different times, including the drug, hardware, grocery, agricultural imple- ment and lumber business. In 1843 he was appointed Postmaster at Whitehall, serving twelve years ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, served as County Judge for six years from 1853, and as Trustee of the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, from 1859, by successive reappointments, for twelve years. In 1856 he was elected, as a Demo- crat, to the State Senate, to succeed John M. Palmer, resigned ; was re-elected in 1860, and, at the session of 1865, was one of the five Demo- cratic members of that body who voted for the ratification of the Emancipation Amendment of the National Constitution. He was elected County Judge a second time, in 1863, and re- elected in 1867, served as delegate to the Demo- cratic National Convention of 1876, and, for more than thirty years, was one of the Directors of the Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton 600 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. Railroad, serving from the organization of the corporation until his death, which occurred Oct. 19, 1891. WORDEN, a village of Madison Coimty, on the Wabash and the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Railways, 32 miles northeast of St. Louis. Population (1890), 522; (1900), 544 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. An exhibition of the scientific, liberal and mechan- ical arts of all nations, held at Chicago, between May 1 and Oct. 81, 1893. The project had its inception in November, 1885, in a resolution adopted by the directorate of the Chicago Inter- State Exposition Company. On July 6, 1888, the first well defined action was taken, the Iroquois Club, of Chicago, inviting the co-operation of six other leading clubs of that city in "securing the location of an international celebration at Chi- cago of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus." In July, 1889, a decisive step was taken in the appointment by Mayor Cregier, under resolution of the City Council, of a committee of 100 (afterwards increased to 256) citizens, who were charged with the duty of promoting the selection of Chicago as the site for the Exposition. New York, Washington and St. Louis were competing points, but the choice of Congress fell upon Chicago, and the act establish- ing the World's Fair at that city was signed by President Harrison on April 25, 1890. Under the requirements of the law, the President appointed eight Commissioners-at-large, with two Commis- sioners and two alternates from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. Col. George R. Davis, of Chicago, was elected Direc- tor-General by the body thus constituted. Ex- Senator Thomas M. Palmer, of Michigan, was chosen President of the Commission and John T. Dickinson, of Texas, Secretary. This Commis- sion delegated much of its power to a Board of Reference and Control, who were instructed to act with a similar number appointed by the World's Columbian Exposition. The latter organization was an incorporation, with a direc- torate of forty -five members, elected annually by the stockholders. Lyman J. Gage, of Chicago, was the first President of the corporation, and was succeeded by W. T. Baker and Harlow N. Higinbotham. In addition to these bodies, certain powers were vested in a Board of Lady Managers, composed of two members, with alternates, from each State and Territory, besides nine from the city of Chicago. Mrs. Potter Palmer was chosen President of the latter. This Board was particu- larly charged with supervision of women's par- ticipation in the Exposition, and of the exhibits of women's work. The supreme executive power was vested in the Joint Board of Control. The site selected was Jackson Park, in the South Division of Chi- cago, with a strip connecting Jackson and Washington Parks, known as the "Midway Plaisance," which was surrendered to "conces- sionaires" who purchased the privilege of giving exhibitions, or conducting restaurants or selling- booths thereon. The total area of the site was 633 acres, and that of the buildings— not reckon- ing those erected by States other than Illinois, and by foreign governments — was about 200 acres. When to this is added the acreage of the foreign and State buildings, the total space under roof approximated 250 acres." These fig- ures do not include the buildings erected by private exhibitors, caterers and venders, which would add a small percentage to the grand total. Forty-seven foreign Governments made appropri- ations for the erection of their own buildings and other expenses connected with official represen- tation, and there were exhibitors from eighty -six nations. The United States Government erected its own building, and appropriated $500,000 to defray the expenses of a national exhibit, besides 82,500,000 toward the general cost of the Exposi- tion. The appropriations by foreign Governments aggregated about $6,500,000, and those by the States and Territories, §6,120,000— that of Illinois being $800,000. The entire outlay of the World's Columbian Exposition Company, up to March 31, 1894, including the cost of preliminary organiza- tion, construction, operating and post-Exposition expenses, was 827,151,800. This is, of course, exclusive of foreign and State expenditures, which would swell the aggregate cost to nearly §45,000,000. Citizens of Chicago subscribed §5,608,206 toward the capital stock of the Exposi- tion Company, and the municipality, 85,000,000, which was raised by the sale of bonds. (See Thirty-sixth General Assembly. ) The site, while admirably adapted to the pur- pose, was, when chosen, a marshy flat, crossed by low sand ridges, upon which stood occasional clumps of stunted scrub oaks. Before the gates of the great fair were opened to the public, the entire area had been transformed into a dream of beauty. Marshes had been drained, filled in and sodded ; driveways and broad walks constructed ; artificial ponds and lagoons dug and embanked, and all the highest skill of the landscape garden- er's art had been called into play to produce South Par, Stat.on MAP OP THE GROUNDS OF THE AT Jackson Park showing the General Arrangement Buildings and Grounds 1893. HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 601 varied and striking effects. But the task had been a Herculean one. There were seventeen principal (or, as they may be called, depart- mental) buildings, all of beautiful and ornate design, and all of vast size. They were known as the Manufacturers' and Liberal Arts, the Machinery, Electrical, Transportation, Woman's, Horticultural, Mines and Mining, Anthropolog- ical, Administration, Art Galleries, Agricultural, Art Institute, Fisheries, Live Stock, Dairy and Forestry buildings, and the Music Hall and Ca- sino. Several of these had large annexes. The Manufacturers' Building was the largest. It was rectangular (1087x787 feet), having a ground area of 31 acres and a floor and gallery area of 44 acres. Its central chamber was 1280x380 feet, with a nave 107 feet wide, both hall and nave being surrounded by a gallery 50 feet wide. It was four times as large as the Roman Coliseum and three times as large as St. Peter's at Rome; 17,000,000 feet of lumber, 13,000,000 pounds of steel, and 2,000,000 pounds of iron had been used in its construction, involving a cost of $1, 800, 000. It was originally intended to open the Exposi- tion, formally, on Oct. 21, 1892, the quadri-centen- nial of Columbus' discovery of land on the Western Hemisphere, but the magnitude of the undertaking rendered this impracticable. Con- sequently, while dedicatory ceremonies were held on that day, preceded by a monster procession and followed by elaborate pyrotechnic displays at night, May 1, 1893, was fixed as the opening day — the machinery and fountains being put in oper- ation, at the touch of an electric button by Presi- dent Cleveland, at the close of a short address. The total number of admissions from that date to Oct. 31, was 27,530,460— the largest for any single "day being on Oct. 9 (Chicago Day) amount- ing to 761,944. The total receipts from all sources (including National and State appropriations, subscriptions, etc.), amounted to $28,151,168.75, of which $10,626,330.76 was from the sale of tick ets, and $3,699,581.43 from concessions. The aggregate attendance fell short of that at the Paris Exposition of 1889 by about 500,000, while the receipts from the sale of tickets and con- cessions exceeded the latter by nearly $5,800,000. Subscribers to the Exposition stock received a return of ten per cent on the same. The Illinois building was the first of the State buildings to be completed. It was also the largest and most costly, but was severely criti- cised from an architectural standpoint. The exhibits showed the internal resources of the State, as well as the development of its govern- mental system, and its progress in civilization from the days of the first pioneers. The entire Illinois exhibit in the State building was under charge of the State Board of Agriculture, who devoted one-tenth of the appropriation, and a like proportion of floor space, to the exhibition of the work of Illinois women as scientists, authors, artists, decorators, etc. Among special features of the Illinois exhibit were : State trophies and relics, kept in a fire-proof memorial hall; the dis- play of grains and minerals, and an immense topographical map (prepared at a cost of $15,000), drafted on a scale of two miles to the inch, show- ing the character and resources of the State, and correcting many serious cartographical errors previously undiscovered. WORTHEN, Amos Henry, scientist and State Geologist, was born at Bradford, Vt., Oct. 31, 1813, emigrated to Kentucky in 1834, and, in 1836, removed to Illinois, locating at Warsaw. Teach- ing, surveying and mercantile business were his pursuits until 1842, when he returned to the East, spending two years in Boston, but return- ing to Warsaw in 1844. His natural predilections were toward the natural sciences, and, after coming west, he devoted most of his leisure time to the collection and study of specimens of mineralogy, geology and conchology. On the organization of the geological survey of Illinois in 1851, he was appointed assistant to Dr. J. G. Norwood, then State Geologist, and, in 1858, suc- ceeded to the office, having meanwhile spent three years as Assistant Geologist in the first Iowa survey. As State Geologist he published seven volumes of reports, and was engaged upon the eighth when overtaken by death, May 6, 1888. These reports, which are as comprehensive as they are voluminous, have been reviewed and warmly commended by the leading scientific periodicals of this country and Europe. In 1877 field work was discontinued, and the State His- torical Library and Natural History Museum were established, Professor Worthen being placed in charge as curator. He was the author of various valuable scientific papers arM member of numer- ous scientific societies in this country and in Europe. WORTHINGTOff, Nicholas Ellsworth, ex-Con- gressman, was born in Brooke County, W. Va., March 30, 1836, and completed his education at Allegheny College, Pa., studied Law at Morgan- town, Va., and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He is a resident of Peoria, and, by profession, a lawyer; was County Superintendent of Schools of Peoria County from 1868 to 1872, and a mem- €02 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. ber of the State Board of Education from 1869 to 1872. In 1882 he was elected to Congress, as a Democrat, from the Tenth Congressional District, and re-elected in 1884. In 1886 he was again a candidate, but was defeated by his Republican opponent, Philip Sidney Post. He was elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Judicial District in 1891, and re-elected in 1897. In 1894 he served upon a commission appointed by President Cleve- land, to investigate the labor strikes of that year at Chicago. WRIGHT, John Stephen, manufacturer, was ■born at Sheffield, Mass., July 16, 1815; came to Chicago in 1832, with his father, who opened a store in that city ; in 1837, at his own expense, built the first school building in Chicago; in 1840 established "The Prairie Farmer," which he con- ducted for many j'ears in the interest of popular education and progressive agriculture. In 1852 he engaged in the manufacture of Atkins' self- Taking reaper and mower, was one of the pro- moters of the Galena & Chicago Union and the Illinois Central Railways, and wrote a, volume entitled, "Chicago: Past, Present and Future," published in 1870. Died, in Chicago, Sept. 26, 1874. WULFF, Henry, ex-State Treasurer, was born in Meldorf, Germany, August 24, 1854; came to Chicago in 1863, and began his political career as a Trustee of the town of Jefferson. In 1866 he was elected County Clerk of Cook County, and re-elected in 1890; in 1894 became the Republican nominee for State Treasurer, receiving, at the November election of that year, the unprece- dented plurality of 133,427 votes over his Demo- cratic opponent. WYAJfET, a town of Bureau County, at the intersection of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railways, 7 miles southwest of Princeton. Population (1890), 670; (1900), 902. WYLIE, (Rev.) Samuel, domestic missionary, born in Ireland and came to America in boyhood ; was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and ordained in 1818. Soon after this he came west as a domestic mis- sionary and, in 1820, became pastor of a church at Sparta, 111. , where he remained until his death, March 20, 1872, after » pastorate of 52 years. During his pastorate the church sent out a dozen colonies to form new church organizations else- where. He is described as able, eloquent and scholarly. WYMAN, (Col.) John B., soldier, was born in Massachusetts, July 12, 1817, and educated in the schools of that State until 14 years of age, when he became a clerk in a clothing store in his native town of Shrewsbury, later being associated with mercantile establishments in Cincinnati, and again in his native State. From 1846 to 1850 he was employed successively as a clerk in the car and machine shops at Springfield, Mass., then as Superintendent of Construction, and, later, as con- ductor on the New York & New Haven Railroad, finally, in 1850, becoming Superintendent of the Connecticut River Railroad. In 1852 he entered the service of the Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany, assisting in the survey and construction of the line under Col. R. B. Mason, the Chief Engi- neer, and finally becoming Assistant Superin- tendent of the Northern Division. He was one of the original proprietors of the town of Amboy, in Lee County, and its first Mayor, also serving a second term. Having a fondness for military affairs, he was usually connected with some mili- tary organization — while in Cincinnati being attached to a company, of which Prof. O. M. Mitchell, the celebrated astronomer (afterwards Major-General Mitchell), was Captain. After coming to Illinois he became Captain of the Chi- cago Light Guards. Having left the employ of the Railroad in 1858, he was in private business at Amboy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. As Assistant- Adjutant General, by appoint- ment of Governor Yates, he rendered valuable service in the early weeks of the war in securing arms from Jefferson Barracks and in the organi- zation of the three-months' regiments. Then, having organized the Thirteenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry — the first organized in the State for the three years' service — he was commis- sioned its Colonel, and, in July following, entered upon the duty of guarding the railroad lines in Southwest Missouri and Arkansas. The follow- ing year his regiment was attached to General Sherman's command in the first campaign against Vicksburg. On the second day of the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, he fell mortally wounded, dying on the field, Dec. 28, 1862. Colo- nel Wyman was one of the most accomplished and promising of the volunteer soldiers sent to the field from Illinois, of whom so many were former employes of the Illinois Central Rail- road. WYOMING, a town of Stark County, 31 miles north-northwest from Peoria, at the junction of the Peoria branch Rock Island & Pacific and the Rushville branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway; has two high schools, churches, two banks, flour mills, water-works, machine HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 603 shop, and two weekly newspapers. Coal is mined here. Pop. (1890), 1,116; (1900), 1,277. XENIA, a village of Clay County, on the Balti- more & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 87 miles east of St. Louis. Population (1900), 800. TATES CITY, a village of Knox County, at the junction of the Peoria Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, with the Rushville branch, 23 miles southeast of Galesburg. The town has banks, a coal mine, telephone exchange, school, churches and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 687; (1900), 650. TATES, Henry, pioneer, was born in Caroline County, Va., Oct. 29, 1786 — being a grand-nephew of Chief Justice John Marshall ; removed to Fa- yette County, Ky. , where he located and laid out the town of Warsaw, which afterwards became the county-seat of Gallatin County. In 1831 he removed to Sangamon County, 111. , and, in 1832, settled at the site of the present town of Berlin, which he laid out the following year, also laying out the town of New Berlin, a few years later, on the line of the "Wabash Railway. He was father of Gov. Richard Yates. Died, Sept. 13, 1865.— Henry (Yates), Jr., son of the preceding, was born at Berlin, 111. , March 7, 1835 ; engaged in merchan- dising at New Berlin ; in 1862, raised a company of volunteers for the One Hundred and Sixth Regiment Illinois Infantry, was appointed Lieu- tenant-Colonel and brevetted Colonel and Briga- dier-General. He was accidentally shot in 1863, and suffered sun-stroke at Little Rock, from which he never fully recovered. Died, August 3, 1871. TATES, Richard, former Governor and United States Senator, was born at Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 18, 1815, of English descent. In 1831 he accom- panied his father to Illinois, the family settling first at Springfield and later at Berlin, Sangamon County. He soon after entered Illinois College, from which he graduated in 1835, and subse- quently read law with Col. John J. Hardin, at Jacksonville, which thereafter became his home. In 1842 he was elected Representative in the Gen- eral Assembly from Morgan County, and was re-elected in 1844, and again in 1848. In 1850 he was a candidate for Congress from the Seventh District and elected over Maj. Thomas L. Harris, the previous incumbent, being the only Whig Representative in the Thirty-second Congress from Illinois. Two years later he was re-elected over John Calhoun, but was defeated, in 1854, by his old opponent, Harris. He was one of the most vigorous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in the Thirty-third Congress, and an early participant in the movement for the organization of the Republican party to resist the further extension of slavery, being a prominent speaker, on the same platform with Lincoln, before the first Republican State Convention held at Bloom- ington, in May, 1856, and serving as one of the Vice-Presidents of that body. In 1860 he was elected to the executive chair on the ticket headed by Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, and, by his energetic support of the National administration in its measures for the suppression of the Rebellion, won the sobriquet of "the Illi- nois War-Governor." In 1865 he was elected United States Senator, serving until 1871. He died suddenly, at St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1873, while returning from Arkansas, whither he had gone, as a United States Commissioner, by appointment of President Grant, to inspect a land-subsidy railroad. He was a man of rare ability, earnest- ness of purpose and extraordinary personal mag- netism, as well as of a lofty order of patriotism. His faults were those of a nature generous, impulsive and warm-hearted. TORKYILLE, the county-seat of Kendall County, on Fox River and Streator Division of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 12 miles southwest of Aurora; on interurban electric line; has watei -power, electric lights, a bank, churches and weekly newspaper. Pop.(1890) 375; (1900),413. TOUNG, Brigham, Mormon leader, was born at Whittingham, Vt., June 1, 1801, joined the Mormons in 1831 and, the next year, became asso- ciated with Joseph Smith, at Kirtland, Ohio, and, in 1835, an "apostle." He accompanied a con- siderable body of that sect to Independence, Mo. , but was driven out with them in 1837, settling for a short time at Quincy, 111., but later remov- ing to Nauvoo, of which he was one of the foun- ders. On the assassination of Smith, in 1844, he became the successor of the latter, as head of the Mormon Church, and, the following year, headed the exodus from Illinois, which finally resulted in the Mormon settlement in Utah. His subsequent career there, where he was appointed Governor by President Fillmore, and, for a time, success- fully defied national authority, is a matter of national rather than State history. He remained at the head of the Mormon Church until his death at Salt Lake City, August 29, 1877. TOUNG, Richard Montgomery, United States Senator, was born in Kentucky in 1796, studied law and removed to Jonesboro, 111., where he was admitted to the bar in 1817; served in the Second 604 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. General Assembly (1820-22) as Representative from Union County ; was a Circuit Judge, 1825-27 ; Presidential Elector in 1828 ; Circuit Judge again, 1829-37; elected United States Senator in 1837 as successor to W. L. D. Ewing, serving until 1843, when he was commissioned Justice of the Su- preme Court, but resigned in 1847 to become Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington. During the session of 1850-51, he served as Clerk of the National House of Repre- sentatives. Died, in an insane asylum, in Wash- ington, in 1853. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, first permanently organized at Chicago, in 1858, although desultory movements of a kindred char- acter had previously been started at Peoria, Quincy, Chicago and Springfield, some as early as 1854. From 1858 to 1872, various associations were formed at different points throughout the State, which were entirely independent of each other. The first effort looking to union and mutual aid, was made in 1872, "when Robert Weidensall, on behalf of the International Com- mittee, called a convention, to meet at Blooming- ton, November 6-9. State conventions have been held annually since 1872. In that of 1875, steps were taken looking to the appointment of a State Secretary, and, in 1876, Charles M. Morton assumed the office. Much evangelistic work was done, and new associations formed, the total number reported at the Champaign Convention, in 1877, being sixty -two. After one year's work Mr. Morton resigned the secretaryship, the office remaining vacant for three years. The question of the appointment of a successor was discussed at the Decatur Convention in 1879, and, in April, 1880, I. B. Brown was made State Secretary, and has occupied the position to the present time (1899). At the date of his appointment the official figures showed sixteen associations in Illi- nois, with a total membership of 2,443, and prop- erty valued at 8126,500, including building funds, the associations at Chicago and Aurora owning buildings. Thirteen officers were employed, none of them being in Chicago. Since 1880 the work has steadily grown, so that five Assistant State Secretaries are now employed. In 1886, a plan for arranging the State work under depart- mental administration was devised, but not put in operation until 1890. The present six depart- ments of supervision are: General Supervision, in charge of the State Secretary and his Assist- ants; railroad and city work; counties and towns; work among students; corresponding membership department, and office work. The two last named are under one executive head, but each of the others in charge of an Assistant Secretary, who is responsible for its development. The entire work is under the supervision of a State Executive Committee of twenty-seven members, one-third of whom are elected annually. Willis H. Herrick of Chicago has been its chair- man for several years. This body is appointed by a State convention composed of delegates from the local Associations. Of these there were, in October, 1898, 116, with a membership of 15,888. The value of the property owned was 82,500,000. Twenty -two occupy their own build- ings, of which five are for railroad men and one for students. Weekly gatherings for young men numbered 248, and there are now representatives or correspondents in 665 communities where no organization has been effected. Scientific phys- ical culture is made a feature by 40 associations, and educational work has been largely developed. The enrollment in evening classes, during 1898-99, was 978. The building of the Chicago branch (erected in 1893) is the finest of its class in the world. Recently a successful association has been formed among coal miners, and another among the first grade boys of the Illinois State Reformatory, while an extensive work has been conducted at the camps of the Illinois National Guard. ZANE, Charles S., lawyer and jurist, was born in Cumberland County, N. J., March 2, 1831, of English and New England stock. At the age of 19 he emigrated to Sangamon County, 111., for a time working on a farm and at brick-making. From 1852 to '55 he attended McKendree College, but did not graduate, and, on leaving college, engaged in teaching, at the same time reading law. In 1857 he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Springfield. The follow- ing year he was elected City Attorney. He had for partners, at different times, William H. Herndon (once a partner of Abraham Lincoln) and Senator Shelby M. Cullom. In 1873 he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and was re-elected in 1879. In 1883 President Arthur appointed him Chief Jus- tice* of Utah, where he has since resided, though superseded by the appointment of a successor by President Cleveland. At the first State elec- tion in Utah, held in November, 1895, he was chosen one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the new Commonwealth, but was defeated for re-election, by his Democratic opponent, in 1898. SUPPLEMENT. The following matter, received too late for insertion in the body of this work, is added in the form of a supplement. COGHLAN, (Capt.) Joseph Bullock, naval officer, was born in Kentucky, and, at the age of 15 years, came to Illinois, living on a farm for a time near Carlyle, in Clinton County. In 1860 he was appointed by his uncle, Hon. Philip B. Fouke — then a Representative in Congress from the Belleville District — to the Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in 1863, and being pro- moted through the successive grades of Ensign, Master, Lieutenant, Lieutenant-Commander, and Commander, and serving upon various vessels until Nov. 18, 1893, when he was commissioned Captain and, in 1897, assigned to the command of the battleship Raleigh, on the Asiatic Station. He was thus connected with Admiral Dewey's squadron at the beginning of the Spanish- Ameri- can War, and took a conspicuous and brilliant part in the affair in Manila Bay, on May 1, 1898, which resulted in the destruction of the Spanish fleet. Captain Coghlan's connection with subsequent events in the Philippines was in the highest degree creditable to himself and the country. His vessel (the Raleigh) was the first of Admiral Dewey's squadron to return home, coming by way of the Suez Canal, in the summer of 1899, he and his crew receiving an immense ovation on their arrival in New York harbor. CRANE, (Rev.) . James Lyons, clergyman, army chaplain, was born at Mt. Eaton, Wayne County, Ohio, August 30, 1823, united with the Methodist Episcopal Church at Cincinnati in 1841, and, coming to Edgar County, Illinois, in 1842, attended a seminary at Paris some three years. He joined the Illinois Conference in 1846, and was assigned to the Danville circuit, after- wards presiding over charges at Grandview, Hills- boro, Alton, Jacksonville, and Springfield — at the last two points being stationed two or more times, besides serving as Presiding Elder of the Paris, Danville, and Springfield Districts. The importance of the stations which he filled during his itinerant career served as evidence of his recognized ability and popularity as a preacher. In July, 1861, he was appointed Chaplain of the Twenty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at that time commanded by Ulysses S. Grant as Colonel, and, although he remained with the regiment only a few months, the friendship then established between him and the future com- mander of the armies of the Union lasted through their lives. This was shown by his appointment by President Grant, in 1869, to the position of Postmaster of the city of Springfield, which came to him as a personal compliment, being re- appointed four years afterwards and continuing in office eight years. After retiring from tho Springfield postoffice, he occupied charges at Island Grove and Shelby ville, his death occurring at the latter place, July 29, 1879, as the result of an attack of paralysis some two weeks previous. Mr. Crane was married in 1847 to Miss Elizabeth Mayo, daughter of Col. J. Mayo — a prominent citizen of Edgar County, at an early day — his wife surviving him some twenty years. Rev. Charles A. Crane and Rev. Frank Crane, pastors of prominent Methodist churches in Boston and Chicago, are sons of the subject of this sketch. DAWES, Charles Gates, Comptroller of the Treasury, was born at Marietta, Ohio, August 27, 1865; graduated from Marietta College in 1884, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1886; worked at civil engineering during his vacations, finally becoming Chief Engineer of the Toledo & Ohio Railroad. Between 1887 and 1894 he was engaged in the practice of law at Lincoln, Neb. , but afterwards became interested in the gas busi- ness in various cities, including Evanston, 111., which became his home. In 1896 he took a lead- ing part in securing instructions by the Republi- can State Convention at Springfield in favor of the nomination of Mr. McKinley for the Presi- dency, and during the succeeding campaign served as a member of the National Republican Committee for the State of Illinois. Soon after the accession of President McKinley, he was appointed Comptroller of the Treasury, a position 605 606 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. which he now holds. Mr. Dawes is the son of R. B. Dawes, a former Congressman from Ohio, and the great-grandson of Manasseh Cutler, who was an influential factor in the early history of the Northwest Territory, and has been credited with exerting a strong influence in shaping and securing the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787. DISTIN, (Col.) William L., former Depart- ment Commander of Grand Army of the Repub- lic for the State of Illinois, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 9, 1843, his father being of English descent, while his maternal grandfather was a Colonel of the Polish Lancers in the army of the first Napoleon, who, after the exile of his leader, came to America, settling in Indiana. The father of the subject of this sketch settled at Keokuk, Iowa, where the son grew to manhood and in February, 1863, enlisted as a private in the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, having been twice rejected previously on account of physical ail- ment. Soon after enlistment he was detailed for provost-marshal duty, but later took part with his regiment in the campaign in Alabama. He served for a time in the Fifteenth Army Corps, under Gen. John A. Logan, was subsequently detailed for duty on the Staff of General Raum, and participated in the battles of Resaca and Tilton, Ga. Having been captured in the latter, he was imprisoned successively at Jacksonville (Ga.), Montgomery, Savannah, and finally at Andersonville. From the latter he succeeded in effecting his escape, but was recaptured and returned to that famous prison-pen. Having escaped a second time by assuming the name of a dead man and bribing the guard, he was again captured and imprisoned at various points in Mis- sissippi until exchanged about the time of the assassination of President Lincoln. He was then so weakened by his long confinement and scanty fare that he had to be carried on board the steamer on a stretcher. At this time he narrowly escaped being on board the steamer Sultana, which was blown up below Cairo, with 2,100 soldiers on board, a large proportion of whom lost their lives. After being mustered out at Daven- port, Iowa, June 28, 1865, he was employed for a time on the Des Moines Valley Railroad, and as a messenger and route agent of the United States Express Company. In 1872 he established him- self in business in Quincy, 111., in which he proved very successful. Here he became prom- inent in local Grand Army circles, and, in 1890, was unanimously elected Commander of the Department of Illinois. Previous to this he had been an officer of the Illinois National Guard, and served as Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of Governors Hamilton, Oglesby and Fifer. In 1897 Colonel Distin was appointed by President McKinley Surveyor-Gen- eral for the Territory of Alaska, a position which (1899) he still holds. DUMMER, Henry E., lawyer, was born at Hallo well, Maine, April 9, 1808, was educated in Bowdoin College, graduating there in the class of 1827, after which he took a course in law at Cam- bridge Law School, and was soon after admitted to the bar. Then, having spent some two years in his native State, in 1832 he removed to Illinois, settling first in Springfield, where he remained six years, being for a part of the time a partner of John T. Stuart, who afterwards became the first partner in law of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Dum- mer had a brother, Richard William Dummer, who had preceded him to Illinois, living for a time in Jacksonville. In 1838 he removed to Beardstown, Cass County, which continued to be his home for more than a quarter of a century. During his residence there he served as Alder- man, City Attorney and Judge of Probate for Cass County ; also represented Cass County in the Constitutional Convention of 1847, and, in 1860, was elected State Senator in the Twenty-second General Assembly, serving four years. Mr. Dummer was an earnest Republican, and served that party as a delegate for the State-at-large to the Convention of 1864, at Baltimore, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency a second time. In 1864 he removed to Jackson- ville, and for the next year was the law partner of David A. Smith, until the death of the latter in 1865. In the summer of 1878 Mr. Dummer went to Mackinac, Mich. , in search of health, but died there August 12 of that year. ECKELS, James H., ex-Comptroller of the Currency, was born of Scotch-Irish parentage at Princeton, 111., Nov. 22, 1858, was educated in the common schools and the high school of his native town, graduated from the Law School at Albany, N. Y., in 1881, and the following 3-ear began practice at Ottawa, 111. Here he con- tinued in active practice until 1893, when he was appointed by President Cleveland Comptroller of the Currency, serving until May 1, 1898, when he resigned to accept the presidency of the Com- mercial National Bank of Chicago. Mr. Eckels manifested such distinguished ability in the dis- charge of his duties as Comptroller that he received the notable compliment of being retained in office by a Republican administration more than a year after the retirement of Presi- HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 607 dent Cleveland, while his selection for a place at the head of one of the leading banking institu- tions of Chicago was a no less marked recognition of his abilities as a financier. He was a Delegate from the Eleventh District to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1892, and repiesented the same district in the Gold Demo- cratic Convention at Indianapolis in 1896, and assisted in framing the platform there adopted — which indicated his views on the financial ques- tions involved in the campaign of that year. FIELD, Daniel, early merchant, was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, Nov. 30, 1790, and settled at Golconda, 111., in 1818, dying there in 1855. He was a man of great enterprise, engaged in merchandising, and became a large land- holder, farmer and stock-grower, and an extensive shipper of stock and produce to lower Mississippi markets. He married Elizabeth Dailey of Charleston, Ind., and raised a large family of children, one of whom, Philip D., became Sheriff. while another, John, was County Judge of Pope County. His daughter, Maria, married Gen. Green B. Raum, who became prominent as a soldier during the Civil War and, later, as a mem- ber of Congress and Commissioner of Internal Revenue and Pension Commissioner in Wash- ington. FIELD, Green B., member of a pioneer family, was born within the present limits of the State of Indiana in 1787, served as a Lieutenant in the War of 1812, was married in Bourbon County, Kentucky, to Miss Mary E. Cogswell, the daughter of Dr. Joseph Cogswell, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, and, in 1817, removed to Pope County, Illinois, where he laid off the town of Golconda, which became the county-seat. He served as a Representative from Pope County in the First General Assembly (1818-20), and was the father of Juliet C. Field, who became the wife of John Raum ; of Edna Field, the wife of Dr. Tarlton Dunn, and of Green B. Field, who was a Lieutenant in Third Regiment Illinois Volunteers during the Mexican War. Mr. Field was the grandfather of Gen. Green B. Raum, mentioned in the preceding paragraph. He died of yellow fever in Louisiana in 1823. GALE, Stephen Francis, first Chicago book- seller and a railway promoter, was born at Exeter, N. H, March 8, 1812; at 15 years of age became clerk in a leading book-store in Boston; came to Chicago in 1835,' and soon afterwards opened the first book and stationery establish- ment in that city, which, in after years, gained an extensive trade. In 1842 the firm of S. F. Gale & Co. was organized, but Mr. Gale, having become head of the Chicago Fire Department, retired from business in 1845. As early as 1846 he was associated with W m. B. Ogden and John B. Turner in the steps then being taken to revive the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (now a part of the Chicago & Northwestern), and, in conjunction with these gentlemen, became responsible for the means to purchase the charter and assets of the road from the Eastern bond- holders. Later, he engaged in the construction 6f the branch road from Turner Junction to Aurora, became President of the line and ex- tended it to Mendota to connect with the Illinois Central at that Point. These roads afterwards became a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy line. A number of years ago Mr. Gale returned to his old home in New Hampshire, where he has since resided. HAY, John, early settler, came to the region of Kaskaskia between 1790 and 1800, and became a prominent citizen of St. Clair County. He was selected as a member of the First Legislative Council of Indiana Territory for St. Clair County in 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Clerk of the Common Pleas Court of St. Clair County, and was continued in office after the organization of the State Government, serving until his death at Belleville in 1845. HAYS, John, pioneer settler of Northwest Ter- ritory, was a native of New York, who came to Cahokia, in the "Illinois Country," in 1793, and lived there the remainder of his life. His early life had been spent in the fur-trade about Macki- nac, in the Lake of the Woods region and about the sources of the Mississippi. During the War of 1812 he was able to furnish Governor Edwards valuable information in reference to the Indians in the Northwest. He filled the office of Post- master at Cahokia for a number of years, and was Sheriff of St. Clair County from 1798 to 1818. MOULTOjV, (Col.) George M., soldier and building contractor, was born at Readsburg, Vt., March 15, 1851, came early in life to Chicago, and was educated in the schools of that city. By pro- fession he is a contractor and builder, the firm of which he is a member having been connected with the construction of a number of large build- ings, including some extensive grain elevators. Colonel Moulton became a member of the Second Regiment Illinois National Guard in June, 1884, being elected to the office of Major, which he retained until January, 1893, when he was appointed Inspector of Rifle Practice on the staff of General Wheeler. A year later he was com 608 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. missioned Colonel of the regiment, a position which he occupied at the time of the call by the President for troops to serve in the Spanish- American War in April, 1898. He promptly answered the call, and was sworn into the United States service at the head of his regiment early in May. The regiment was almost immediately ordered to Jacksonville, Fla., remaining there and at Savannah, Ga., until early in December, when it was transferred to Havana, Cuba. Here he was soon after appointed Chief of Police for the city of Havana, remaining in office until the middle of January, 1899, when he returned to his regiment, then stationed at Camp Columbia, near the city of Havana. In the latter part of March he returned with his regiment to Augusta, Ga. . where it was mustered out, April 26, 1899, one year from the date of its arrival at Springfield. After leaving the service Colonel Moulton resumed his business as a contractor. SHERMAN, Lawrence Y., legislator and Speaker of the Forty-first General Assembly, was born in Miami County, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1858 ; at 3 years of age came to Illinois, his parents settling at Industry, McDonough County. When he had reached the age of 10 years he went to Jasper County, where he grew to manhood, received his education, in the common schools and in the law department of McKendree College, graduating from the latter, and, in 1881, located at Macomb, McDonough County. Here he began his career by driving a team upon the street in order to accumulate means enabling him to devote his entire attention to his chosen profession of law. He soon took an active interest in politics, was elected County Judge in 1886, and, at the expira- tion of his term, formed a partnership with George D. Tunnicliffe and D. G. Tunnicliffe, ex-Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1894 he was a candidate for the Republican nomination for Representative in the General Assembly, but withdrew to prevent a split in the party; was nominated and elected in 1896, and re-elected in 1898, and, at the succeeding session of the Forty-first General Assembly, was nominated by the Republican caucus and elected Speaker, as he was again of the Forty-second in 1901. YINYARD, Philip, early legislator, was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, came to Illinois at an early day, and settled in Pope County, which he represented in the lower branch of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies. He married Miss Matilda McCoy, the daughter of a prominent Illinois pioneer, and served as Sheriff of Pope County for a number of years. Died, at Gol- conda, in 1862, SUPPLEMENT NO. II. BLACK HAWK WAR, THE. The episode known in history under the name of ' 'The Black Hawk War," was the most formidable conflict between the whites and Indians, as well as the most far-reaching in its results, that ever oc- curred upon the soil of Illinois. It takes its name from the Indian Chief, of the Sac tribe, Black Hawk (Indian name, Makatai Meshekia- kiak, meaning "Black Sparrow Hawk"), who was the leader of the hostile Indian band and a principal factor in the struggle. Black Hawk had been an ally of the British during the War of 1812-15, served with Tecumseh when the lat- ter fell at the battle of the Thames in 1813, and, after the war, continued to maintain friendly re- lations with his "British father." The outbreak in Illinois had its origin in the construction put upon the treaty negotiated by Gen. William Henry Harrison with the Sac and Fox Indians on behalf of the United States Government, No- vember 3, 1804, under which the Indians trans- ferred to the Government nearly 15,000,000 acres of land comprising the region lying between the Wisconsin River on the north, Fox River of Illi- nois on the east and southeast, and the Mississippi on the west, for which the Government agreed to pay to the confederated tribes less than §2,500 in goods and the insignificant sum of $1,000 per an- num in perpetuity. While the validity of the treaty was denied on the part of the Indians on the ground that it had originally been entered into by their chiefs under duress, while held as prisoners HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 609 under a charge of murder at Jefferson Barracks, during which they had been kept in a state of con- stant intoxication, it had been repeatedly reaf- firmed by parts or all of the tribe, especially in 1815, in 1816, in 1822 and in 1823, and finally recog- nized by Black Hawk himself in 1831. The part of the treaty of 1804 which was the immediate cause of the disagreement was that which stipulated that, so long as the lands ceded under it remained the property of the United States (that is, should not be transferred to private owners), ' 'the Indians belonging to the said tribes shall enjoy the priv- ilege of living or hunting upon them." Al- though these lands had not been put upon the market, or even surveyed, as "squatters" multi- plied in this region little respect was paid to the treaty rights of the Indians, particularly with reference to those localities where, by reason of fertility of the soil or some other natural advan- tage, the Indians had established something like permanent homes and introduced a sort of crude cultivation. This was especially the case with reference to the Sac village of "Saukenuk" on the north bank of Rock River near its mouth, where the Indians, when not absent on the chase, had lived for over a century, had cultivated fields of corn and vegetables and had buried their dead. In the early part of the last century, it is estimated that some five hundred families had been accustomed to congregate here, making it the largest Indian village in the West. As early as 1823 the encroachments of squatters on the rights claimed by the Indians under the treaty of 1804 began ; their fields were taken possession of by the intruders, their lodges burned and their women and children whipped and driven away during the absence of the men on their annual hunts. The dangers resulting from these con- flicts led Governor Edwards, as early as 1828, to demand of the General Government the expul- sion of the Indians from Illinois, which resulted in an order from President Jackson in 1829 for their removal west of the Mississippi. On appli- cation of Col. George Davenport, a trader of much influence with the Indians, the time was extended to April 1, 1830. During the preceding year Colonel Davenport and the firm of Davenport and Farnham bought from the United States Gov- ernment most of the lands on Rock River occupied by Black Hawk's band, with the intention, as has been claimed, of permitting the Indians to remain. This was not so understood by Black Hawk, who was greatly incensed, although Davenport offered to take other lands from the Government in ex- change or cancel the sale — an arrangement to which President Jackson would not consent. On their return in the spring of 1830, the Indians found whites in possession of their village. Pre- vented from cultivating their fields, and their annual hunt proving unsuccessful, the following winter proved for them one of great hardship. Black Hawk, having made a visit to his " British father" (the British Agent) at Maiden, Canada, claimed to have received words of sympathy and encouragement, which induced him to determine to regain possession of their fields. In this he was encouraged by Neapope, his second in com- mand, and by assurance of support from White Cloud, a half Sac and half Winnebago — known also as " The Prophet " — whose village (Prophet's Town) was some forty miles from the mouth of Rock River, and through whom Black Hawk claimed to have leceived promises of aid in guns, ammunition and provisions from the British. The reappearance of Black Hawk's band in the vicinity of his old haunts, in the spring of 1831, produced a wild panic among the frontier settlers. Messages were hurried to Governor Reynolds, who had succeeded Governor Edwards in De- cember previous, appealing for protection against the savages. The Governor issued a call for 700 volunteers " to remove the band of Sac Indians " at Rock Island beyond the Mississippi. Al- though Gen. E. P. Gaines of the regular army, commanding the military district, thought the regulars sufficiently strong to cope with the situa- tion, the Governor's proclamation was responded to by more than twice the number called for. The volunteers assembled early in June, 1831, at Beardstown, the place of rendezvous named in the call, and having been organized into two regi- ments under command of Col. James D. Henry and Col. Daniel Lieb, with a spy battalion under Gen. Joseph Duncan, marched across the country and, after effecting a junction with General Gaines' regulars, appeared before Black Hawk's village on the 25th of June. In the meantime General Gaines, having learned that the Pottawatomies, Winnebagos and Kickapoos had promised to join the Sacs in their uprising, asked the assistance of the battalion of mounted men previously offered by Governor Reynolds. The combined armies amounted to 2,500 men, while the fighting force of the Indians was 300. Finding himself over- whelmingly outnumbered, Black Hawk withdrew under cover of night to the west side of the Missis- sippi. After burning the village, General Gaines notified Black Hawk of his intention to pursue and attack his band, which had the effect to bring the fugitive chief to the General's head- 610 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. quarters, where, on June 30, a new treaty was entered into by which he bound himself and his people to remain west of the Mississippi unless permitted to return by the United States. This ended the campaign, and the volunteers returned to their homes, although the affair had produced an intense excitement along the whole frontier, and involved a heavy expense. The next winter was spent by Black Hawk and his band on the site of old Fort Madison, in the present State of Iowa. Dissatisfied and humil- iated by his repulse of the previous year, in disre- gard of his pledge to General Gaines, on April 6, 1832, at the head of 500 warriors and their fam- ilies, he again crossed the Mississippi at Yel- low Banks about the site of the present city of Oquawka, fifty miles below Rock Island, with the intention, as claimed, if not permitted to stop at his old village, to proceed to the Prophet's Town and raise a crop with the Winnebagoes. Here he was met by The Prophet with renewed assurances of aid from the Winnebagoes, which was still further strengthened by promises from the Brit- ish Agent received through a visit by Neapope to Maiden the previous autumn. An incident of this invasion was the effective warning given to the white settlers by Shabona, a friendly Ottawa chief, which probably had the effect to prevent a widespread massacre. Besides the towns of Galena and Chicago, the settlements in Illinois north of Fort Clark (Peoria) were limited to some thirty families on Bureau Creek with a few cabins at Hennepin, Peru, LaSalle, Ottawa, In- dian Creek, Dixon, Kellogg's Grove, Apple Creek, and a few other points. Gen. Henry Atkinson, commanding the regulars at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island), having learned of the arrival of Black Hawk a week after he crossed the Missis- sippi, at once took steps to notify Governor Rey- nolds of the situation with a requisition for an adequate force of militia to cooperate with the regulars. Under date of April 16, 1832, the Gov- ernor issued his call for ' 'a strong detachment of militia," to meet by April 22, Beardstown again being named as a place of rendezvous. The call resulted in the assembling of a force which was organized into four regiments under command of Cols. John DeWitt, Jacob Fry, John Thomas and Samuel M. Thompson, together with a spy bat- talion under Maj. James D. Henry, an odd bat- talion under Maj. Thomas James and a foot battalion under Maj. Thomas Long. To these were subsequently added two independent battalions of mounted men, under command of Majors Isaiah Stillman and David Bailey, which were finally consolidated as the Fifth Regiment under command of Col. James Johnson. The organiza- tion of the first four regiments at Beardstown was completed by April 27, and the force under command of Brigadier-General Whiteside (but accompanied by Governor Reynolds, who was allowed pay as Major General by the General Government) began its march to Fort Armstrong, arriving there May 7 and being mustered into the United States service. Among others accompany- ing the expedition who were then, or afterwards became, noted citizens of the State, were Vital .Jarrot, Adjutant-General; Cyrus Edwards, Ord- nance Officer; Murray McConnel, Staff Officer, and Abraham Lincoln, Captain of a company of volunteers from Sangamon County in the Fourth Regiment. Col. Zachary Taylor, then commander of a regiment of regulars, arrived at Fort Arm- strong about the same time with reinforcements from Fort Leavenworth and Fort Crawford. The total force of militia amounted to 1,935 men, and of regulars about 1,000. An interesting story is told concerning a speech delivered to the volun- teers by Colonel Taylor about this time. After reminding them of their duty to obey an order promptly, the future hero of the Mexican' War added: " The safety of all depends upon the obe- dience and courage of all. You are citizen sol- diers; some of you may fill high offices, or even be Presidents some day — but not if you refuse to do your duty. Forward, march!" A curious com- mentary upon this speech is furnished in the fact that, while Taylor himself afterwards became President, at least one of his hearers — a volunteer who probably then had no aspiration to that dis- tinction (Abraham Lincoln) — reached the same position during the most dramatic period in the nation's history. Two days after the arrival at Fort Armstrong, the advance up Rock River began, the main force of the volunteers proceeding by land under Gen- eral Whiteside, while General Atkinson, with 400 regular and 300 volunteer foot soldiers, pro- ceeded by boat, carrying with him the artillery, provisions and bulk of the baggage. Whiteside, advancing by the east bank of the river, was the first to arrive at the Prophet's Town, which, finding deserted, he pushed on to Dixon's Ferry (now Dixon), where he arrived May 12. Here he found the independent battalions of Stillman and Bailey with ammunition and supplies of which Whiteside stood in need. The mounted battalions under command of Major Stillman, having been sent forward by Whiteside as a scouting party, left Dixon on the 13th and, on the afternoon of HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 611 the next day, went into camp in a strong position near the mouth of Sycamore Creek. As soon dis- covered, Black Hawk was in camp at the same time, as he afterwards claimed, with about forty of his braves, on Sycamore Creek, three miles distant, while the greater part of his band were en- camped with the more war-like faction of the Pot- tawatomies some seven miles farther north on the Kishwaukee River. As claimed by Black Hawk in his autobiography, having been disappointed in his expectation of forming an alliance with the Winnebagoes and the Pottawatomies, he had at this juncture determined to return to the west side of the Mississippi. Hearing of the arrival of Stillman's command in the vicinity, and taking it for granted that this was the whole of Atkin- son's command, he sent out three of his young men with a white flag, to arrange a parley and convey to Atkinson his offer to meet the latter in council. These were captured by some of Still- man's band regardless of their flag of truce, while a party of five other braves who followed to ob- serve the treatment received by the flagbearers, were attacked and two of their number killed , the the other three escaping to their camp. Black Hawk learning the fate of his truce party was aroused to the fiercest indignation. Tearing the flag to pieces with which he had intended to go into council with the whites, and appealing to his followers to avenge the murder of their comrades, he prepared for the attack. The rangers num- bered 275 men, while Black Hawk's band has been estimated at less than forty. As the rangers caught sight of the Indians, they rushed forward in pell-mell fashion. Retiring behind a fringe of bushes, the Indians awaited the attack. As the rangers approached, Black Hawk and his party rose up with a war whoop, at the same time opening fire on their assailants. The further history of the affair was as much of a disgrace to Stillman's command as had been their desecra- tion of the flag of truce. Thrown into panic by their reception by Black Hawk's little band, the rangers turned and, without firing a shot, began the retreat, dashing through their own camp and abandoning everything, which fell into the hands of the Indians. An attempt was made by one or two officers and a few of their men to check the retreat, but without success, the bulk of the fu- gitives continuing their mad rush for safety through the night until they reached Dixon, twenty-five miles distant, while many never stopped until they reached their homes, forty or fifty miles distant. The casualties to the rangers amounted to eleven killed and two wounded, while the Indian loss consisted of two spies and one of the flag-bearers, treacherously killed near Stillman's camp. This ill-starred af- fair, which has passed into history as "Stillman's defeat, '' produced a general panic along the fron- tier by inducing an exaggerated estimate of the strength of the Indian force, while it led Black Hawk to form a poor opinion of the courage of the white troops at the same time that it led to an exalted estimate of the prowess of his own little band — thus becoming an important factor in prolonging the war and in the bloody massacres which followed. Whiteside, with his force of 1,400 men, advanced to the scene of the defeat the next day and buried the dead, while on the 19th, Atkinson, with his force of regulars, pro- ceeded up Rock River, leaving the remnant of Stillman's force to guard the wounded and sup- plies at Dixon. No sooner had he left than the demoralized fugitives of a few days before de- serted their post for their homes, compelling At- kinson to return for the protection of his base of supplies, while Whiteside was ordered to follow the trail of Black Hawk who had started up the Kishwaukee for the swamps about Lake Kosh- konong, nearly west of Milwaukee within the present State of Wisconsin. At this point the really active stage of the campaign began. Black Hawk, leaving the women and children of his band in the fastnesses of the swamps, divided his followers into two bands, retaining about 200 under his own com- mand, while the notorious half-breed, Mike Girty, led a band of one hundred renegadePottawatomies. Returning to the vicinity of Rock Island, he gathered some recruits from the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, and the work of rapine and massacre among the frontier settlers began. One of the most notable of these was the Indian Creek Massacre in LaSalle County, about twelve miles north of Ottawa, on May 21, when sixteen persons were killed at the Home of. William Davis, and two young girls — Sylvia and Rachel Hall, aged, respectively, 17 and 15 years — were carried away captives. The girls were subse- quently released, having been ransomed for $2,000 in horses and trinkets through a Winnebago Chief and surrendered to sub-agent Henry Gratiot. Great as was the emergency at this juncture, the volunteers began to manifest evi- dence of dissatisfaction and, claiming that they had served out their term of enlistment, refused to follow the Indians into the swamps of Wis- consin. As the result of a council of war, the volunteers were ordered to Ottawa, where they 612 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. were mustered out on May 28, by Lieut. Robt. Anderson, afterwards General Anderson of Fort Sumter fame. Meanwhile Governor Reynolds had issued his call (with that of 1831 the third,) for 2,000 men to serve during the war. Gen. Winfield Scott was also ordered from the East with 1,000 regulars although, owing to cholera breaking out among the troops, they did not arrive in time to take part in the campaign. The rank and file of volunteers responding under the new call was 3,148, with recruits and regulars then in Illinois making an army of 4,000. Pend- ing the arrival of the troops under the new call, and to meet an immediate emergency, 300 men were enlisted from the disbanded rangers for a period of twenty days, and organized into a regiment under command of Col. Jacob Fry, with James D. Henry as Lieutenant Colonel and John Thomas as Major. Among those who en- listed as privates in this regiment were Brig.- Gen. "Whiteside and Capt. Abraham Lincoln. A regiment of five companies, numbering 195 men, from Putnam County under command of Col. John Strawn, and another of eight companies from Vermilion County under Col. Isaac R. Moore, were organized and assigned to guard duty for a period of twenty days. The new volunteers were rendezvoused at Fort Wilbourn, nearly opposite Peru, June 15, and organized into three brigades, each consisting of three regiments and a spy battalion. The First Brigade (915 strong) was placed under command of Brig. -Gen. Alexander Posey, the Second under Gen. Milton K. Alexander, and the third under Gen. James D. Henry. Others who served as officers in some of these several organizations, and afterwards became prominent in State his- tory, were Lieut. -Col. Gurdon S. Hubbard of the Vermilion County regiment ; John A. McClern- and, on the staff of General Posey; Maj. John Dement; then State Treasurer ; StinsonH. Ander- son, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor; Lieut. - Gov. Zadoc Casey; Maj., William McHenry; Sidney Breese (afterwards Judge of the State Supreme Court and United States Senator) ; W. L. D. Ewing (as Major of a spy battalion, after- wards United States Senator and State Auditor) ; Alexander W. Jenkins (afterwards Lieutenant- Governor) ; James W. Semple (afterwards United States Senator) ; and W'illiam Weatherford (after- wards a Colonel in the Mexican War), and many more. Of the Illinois troops, Posey's brigade was assigned to the duty of dispersing the Indians between Galena and Rock River, Alexander's sent to intercept Black Hawk up the Rock River, while Henry's remained with Gen. Atkinson at Dixon. During the next two weeks engage- ments of a more or less serious character were had on the Pecatonica on the southern border of the present State of Wisconsin ; at Apple River Fort fourteen miles east of Galena, which was successfully defended against a force under Black Hawk himself, and at Kellogg's Grove the next day (June 25), when the same band ambushed Maj. Dement's spy battalion, and came near in- flicting a defeat, which was prevented by Dement's coolness and the timely arrival of re- inforcements. In the latter engagement the whites lost five killed besides 47 horses which had been tethered outside their lines, the loss of the Indians being sixteen killed. Skirmishes also occurred with varying results, at Plum River Fort, Burr Oak Grove, Sinsiniwa and Blue Mounds — the last two within the present State of Wisconsin. Believing the bulk of the Indians to be camped in the vicinity of Lake Koshkonong, General Atkinson left Dixon June 27 with a combined force of regulars a-nd volunteers numbering 2,600 men — the volunteers being under the command of General Henry. They reached the outlet of the Lake July 2, but found no Indians, being joined two days later by General Alexander'sbrigade.and on the 6th by Gen. Posey's. From here the com- mands of Generals Henry and Alexander were sent for supplies to Fort Winnebago, at the Port- age of the Wisconsin ; Colonel Ewing, with the Second Regiment of Posey's brigade descending Rock River to Dixon, Posey with the remainder, going to Fort Hamilton for the protection of settlers in the lead-mining region, while Atkin- son, advancing with the regulars up Lake Koshko- nong, began the erection of temporary fortifica- tions on Bark River near the site of the present village of Fort Atkinson. At Fort Winnebago Alexander and Henry obtained evidence of the actual location of Black Hawk's camp through Pierre Poquette, a half-breed scout and trader in the employ of the American Fur Company, whom they employed with a number of Winne- bagos to act as guides. From this point Alex- ander's command returned to General Atkinson's headquarters, carrying with tbem twelve day's provisions for the main army, while General Henry's (600 strong) , with Major Dodge's battalion numbering 150, with an equal quantity of supplies for themselves, started under the guidance of Poquette and his Winnebago aids to find Black Hawk's camp. Arriving on the 18th at the Winnebago village on Rock River where Black HISTOBICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 613 Hawk and his band had been located, their camp was found deserted, the Winnebagos insisting that they had gone to Cranberry (now Horicon) Lake, a half-day's march up the river. Messen- gers were immediately dispatched to Atkinson's headquarters, thirty-five miles distant, to ap- prise him of this fact. When they had proceeded about half the distance, they struck a broad, fresh trail, which proved to be that of Black Hawk's band headed westward toward the Mis- sissippi. The guide having deserted them in order to warn his tribesmen that further dis- sembling to deceive the whites as to the whereabouts of the Sacs was use- less, the messengers were compelled to follow him to General Henry's camp. The discovery pro- duced the wildest enthusiasm among the volun- teers, and from this time-events followed in rapid succession. Leaving as far as possible all incum- brances behind, the pursuit of the fugitives was begun without delay, the troops wading through swamps sometimes in water to their armpits. Soon evidence of the character of the flight the Indians were making, in the shape of exhausted horses, blankets, and camp equipage cast aside along the trail, began to appear, and straggling bands of Winnebagos, who had now begun to desert Black Hawk, gave information that the Indians were only a few miles in advance. On the evening of the 20th of July Henry's forces encamped at "The Four Lakes," the present site of the city of Madison, Wis. , Black Hawk's force lying in ambush the same night seven or eight miles distant. During the next afternoon the rear-guard of the Indians under Neapope was overtaken and skirmishing continued until the bluffs of the Wisconsin were reached. Black Hawk's avowed object was to protect the passage of the main body of his people across the stream. The loss of the Indians in these skirmishes has been estimated at 40 to 68, while Black Hawk claimed that it was only six killed, the loss of the whites being one killed and eight wounded. During the night Black Hawk succeeded in placing a considerable number of the women and children and old men on a raft and in canoes obtained from the Winnebagos, and sent them down the river, believing that, as non-combat- ants, they would be permitted by the regulars to pass Fort Crawford, at the mouth of the Wis- consin, undisturbed. In this he was mistaken. A force sent from the fort under Colonel Ritner to intercept them, fired mercilessly upon the help- less fugitives, killing fifteen of their number, while about fifty were drowned and thirty-two women and children made prisoners. The re- mainder, escaping into the woods, with few ex- ceptions died from starvation and exposure, or were massacred by their enemies, the Menomi- nees, acting under white officers. During the night after the battle of Wisconsin Heights, a loud, shrill voice of some one speaking in an un- known tongue was heard in the direction where Black Hawk's band was supposed to be. This caused something of a panic in Henry's camp, as it was supposed to come from some one giving orders for an attack. It was afterwards learned that the speaker was Neapope speaking in the Winnebago language in the hope that he might be heard by Poquette and the Winnebago guides. He was describing the helpless condition of his people, claiming that the war had been forced upon them, that their women and children were starving, and that, if permitted peacefully to re- cross the Mississippi, they would give no further trouble. Unfortunately Poquette and the other guides had left for Fort Winnebago, so that no one was there to translate Neapope's appeal and it failed of its object. General Henry 's force having discoveredthat the Indians had escaped — Black Hawk heading with the bulk of his warriors towards the Mississippi — spent the next and day night on the field, but on the following day (July 23) started to meet General Atkinson, who had, in the meantime, been noti- fied of the pursuit. The head of their columns met at Blue Mounds, the same evening, a com- plete junction between the regulars and the volunteers being effected at Helena, a deserted village on the Wisconsin. Here by using the logs of the deserted cabins for rafts, the army crossed the river on the 27th and the 28th and the pursuit of black Hawk's fugitive band was re- newed. Evidence of their famishing condition was found in the trees stripped of bark for food, the carcasses of dead ponies, with here and there the dead body of an Indian. On August 1, Black Hawk's depleted and famish- ing band reached the Mississippi two miles below the mouth of the Bad Ax, an insignificant stream, and immediately began trying to cross the river ; but having only two or three canoes, the work was slow. About the middle of the afternoon the steam transport, "Warrior,'' ap- peared on the scene, having on board a score of regulars and volunteers, returning from a visit to the village of the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, to notify him that his old enemies, the Sacs, were headed in that direction. Black Hawk raised the white flag in token of surrender, but the officer 614 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. in command claiming that he feared treachery or an ambush, demanded that Black Hawk should come on board. This he was unable to do, as he had no canoe. After waiting a few minutes a murderous Are of canister and musketry was opened from the steamer on the few Indians on shore, who made such feeble resistance as they were able. The result was the killing of one white man and twenty-three Indians. After this exploit the "Warrior" proceeded to Prairie du Chien, twelve or fifteen miles distant, for fuel. During the night a few more of the Indians crossed the river, but Black Hawk, seeing the hopelessness of further resistance, accompanied by the Prophet, and taking with him a party of ten warriors and thirty-five squaws and children, fled in the direction of "the dells'' of the Wis- consin. On the morning of the 2d General Atkinson arrived within four or five miles of the Sac position. Disposing his forces with the regulars and Colonel Dodge's rangers in the center, the brig- ades of Posey and Alexander on the right and Henry's on the left, he began the pursuit, but was drawn by the Indian decoys up the river from the place where the main body of the Indians were trying to cross the stream. This had the effect of leaving General Henry in the rear practically without orders, but it became the means of making his command the prime factors in the climax which followed. Some of the spies attached to Henry's command having accidental- ly discovered the trail of the main body of the fu- gitives, he began the pursuit without waiting for orders and soon found himself engaged with some 300 savages, a force nearly equal to his own. It was here that the only thing like a regular battle occurred. The savages fought with the fury of despair, while Henry's force was no doubt nerved to greater deeds of courage by the insult which they conceived had been put upon them by Gen- eral Atkinson. Atkinson, hearing the battle in progress and discovering that he was being led off on a false scent, soon joined Henry's force with his main army, and the steamer " Warrior," arriving from Prairie du Chien, opened a fire of canister upon the pent-up Indians. The battle soon degenerated into a massacre. In the course of the three hours through which it lasted, it is es- timated that 150 Indians were killed by fire from the troops, an equal number of both sexes and all ages drowned while attempting to cross the river or by being driven into it, while about 50 (chiefly women and children) were made prison- ers. The loss of the whites was 20 killed and 13 wounded. When the "battle" was nearing its close it is said that Black Hawk, having repented the abandonment of his people, returned within sight of the battle-ground, but seeing the slaugh- ter in progress which he was powerless to avert, he turned" and, with a howl of rage and horror, fled into the forest. About 300 Indians (mostly non- combatants) succeeded in crossing the river . in a condition of exhaustion from hunger and fatigue, but these were set upon by the Sioux under Chief Wabasha, through the suggestion and agency of General Atkinson, and nearly one-half their num- ber exterminated. Of the remainder many died from wounds and exhaustion, while still others perished while attempting to reach Keokuk's band who had refused to join in Black Hawk's desper- ate venture. Of one thousand who crossed to the east side of the river with Black Hawk in April, it is estimated that not more than 150 survived the tragic events of the next four months. General Scott, having arrived at Prairie du Chien early in August, assumed command and, on August 15, mustered out the volunteers at Dixon, 111. After witnessing the bloody climax at the Bad Axe of his ill-starred invasion, Black Hawk fled to the dells of the Wisconsin, where he and the Prophet surrendered themselves to the Win. nebagos, by whom they were delivered to the Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien. Having been taken to Fort Armstrong on September 21, he there signed a treaty of peace. Later he was taken to Jefferson Barracks (near St. Louis) in the custody of Jefferson Davis, then a Lieutenant in the regular army, where he was held a captive during the following winter. The connection of Davis with the Black Hawk War, mentioned by many historians, seems to have been confined to this act. In April, 1833, with the Prophet and Neapope, he was taken to Washington and then to Fortress Monroe, where they were detained as prisoners of war until June 4, when they were released. Black Hawk, after being taken to many principal cities in order to impress him with the strength of the American nation, was brought to Fort Armstrong, and there committed to the guardianship of his rival, Keokuk, but survived this humiliation only a few years, dying on a small reservation set apart for him in Davis County, Iowa, October 3, 1838. Such is the story of the Black Hawk War, the most notable struggle with the aborigines in Illi- nois history. At its beginning both the State and national authorities were grossly misled by an exaggerated estimate of the strength of Black Hawk's force as to numbers and his plans for recovering the site of his old village, while HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OE ILLINOIS. 615 Black Hawk had conceived a low estimate of the numbers and courage of his white enemies, es- pecially after the Stillman defeat. The cost of the war to the State and nation in money has been estimated at $2,000,000, and in sacrifice of life on both sides at not less than 1,200. The loss of life by the troops in irregular skirmishes, and in massacres of settlers by the Indians, aggregated about 250, while an equal number of regulars perished from a visitation of cholera at the various stations within the district affected by the war, especially at Detroit, Chicago, Fort Armstrong and Galena. Yet it is the judgment of later historians that nearly all this sacrifice of life and treasure might have been avoided, but for a series of blunders due to the blind or un- scrupulous policy of officials or interloping squat- ters upon lands which the Indians had occupied under the treaty of 1804. A conspicious blunder — to call it by no harsher name — was the violation by Stillman's command of the rules of civilized warfare in the attack made upon Black Hawk's messengers, sent under flag of truce to request a conference to settle terms under which he might return to the west side of the Mississippi — an act which resulted in a humiliating and disgraceful defeat for its authors and proved the first step in actual war. Another misfortune was the failure to understand Neapope's appeal for peace and permission for his people to pass beyond the Mississippi the night after the battle of Wisconsin Heights; and the third and most inexcusable blunder of all, was the refusal of the officer in command of the "Warrior " to respect Black Hawk's flag of truce and request for a conference just before the bloody massacre which has gone into history under the name of the " battle of the Bad Axe." Either of these events, properly availed of, would have prevented much of the butchery of that bloody episode which has left a stain upon the page of history, although this statement implies no disposition to detract from the patriotism and courage of some of the leading actors upon whom the responsibility was placed of protecting the frontier settler from outrage and massacre. One of the features of the war was the bitter jealousy engendered by the unwise policy pursued by General Atkinson towards some of the volun- teers—especially the treatment of General James D. Henry, who, although subjected to repeated slights and insults, is regarded by Governor Ford and others as the real hero of the war. Too brave a soldier to shirk any responsibility and too modest to exploit his own deeds, he felt deeply the studied purpose of his superior to ignore him in the conduct of the campaign — a purpose which, as in the affair at the Bad Axe, was defeated by accident or by General Henry's soldierly sagacity and attention to duty, although he gave out to the public no utterance of com- plaint. Broken in health by the hardships and exposures of the campaign, he went South soon after the war and died of consumption, unknown and almost alone, in the city of New Orleans, less two years later. Aside from contemporaneous newspaper ac- counts, monographs, and manuscripts on file in public libraries relating to this epoch in State history, the most comprehensive records of the Black Hawk War are to be found in the " Life of Black Hawk," dictated by himself (1834) ; Wake- field's "History of the War between the United States and the Sac and Fox Nations" (1834); Drake's" Life of Black Hawk" (1854); Ford's "History of Illinois" (1854); Reynolds' "Pio- neer History of Illinois; and "My Own Times"; Davidson & Stuve's and Moses' Histories of Illi- nois ; Blanchard's ' ' The Northwest and Chicago' ' ; Armstrong's " The Sauks and the Black Hawk War," and Reuben G. Thwaite's "Story of the Black Hawk War " (1892.) CHICAGO HEIGHTS, a village in the southern part of Cook County, twenty-eight miles south of the central part of Chicago, on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the Michigan Central Railroads ; is located in an agricultural region, but has some manufactures as well as good schools — also has one newspaper. Population (1900), 5,100. GRANITE, a city of Madison Couuty, located five miles north of St. Louis on the lines of the Burlington; the Chicago & Alton; Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis (Illinois), and the Wabash Railways. It is adjacent to the Merchants' Terminal Bridge across the Mississippi and has considerable manu- facturing and grain-storage business; has two newspapers. Population (1900), 3,122. HAELEM, a village of Proviso Township, Cook County, and suburb of Chicago, on the line of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, nine miles west of the terminal station at Chicago. Harlem originally embraced the village of Oak Park, now a part of the city of Chicago, but, in 1884, was set off and incorporated as a village. Considerable manufacturing is done here. Population (1900), 4,085. HARVEY, a city of Cook County, and an im- portant manufacturing suburb of the city of Chi- 616 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. cago, three miles southwest of the southern city limits. It is on the line of the Illinois Central and the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railways, and has extensive manufactures of harvesting, street and steam railway machinery, gasoline stoves, enameled ware, etc. ; also has one newspaper and ample school facilities. Population (1900), 5,395. IOWA CENTRAL RAILWAY, a railway line having its principal termini at Peoria, 111., and Manly Junction, nine miles north of Mason City, Iowa, with several lateral branches making con- nections with Centerville, Newton, State Center, Story City, Algona and Northwood in the latter State. The total length of line owned, leased and operated by the Company, officially reported in 1899, was 508.98 miles, of which 89.76 miles- including 3.5 miles trackage facilities on the Peoria & Pekin Union between Iowa Junction and Peoria — were in Illinois. The Illinois divi- sion extends from Keithsburg — where it enters the State at the crossing of the Mississippi — to Peoria. — (History.) The Iowa Central Railway Company was originally chartered as the Central Railroad Company of Iowa and the road com- pleted in October, 1871. In 1873 it passed into the hands of a receiver and, on June 4, 1879, was reorganized under the name of the Central Iowa Railway Company. In May, 1883, this company purchased the Peoria & Farmington Railroad, which was incorporated into the main line, but defaulted and passed into the hands of a receiver December 1, 1886; the line was sold under fore- closure in 1887 and 1888, to the Iowa Central Railway Company, which had effected a new organization on the basis of SI 1,000, 000 common stock, $6,000,000 preferred stock and §1,379,625 temporary debt certificates convertible into pre- ferred stock, and $7,500,000 first mortgage bonds. The transaction was completed, the receiver dis- charged and the road turned over to the new company, May 15, 1889.— (Financial). The total capitalization of the road in 1899 was $21,337,558, of which $14,159,180 was in stock, $6,650,095 in bonds and $528, 283 in other forms of indebtedness. The total earnings and income of the line in Illi- nois for the same year were $532,568, and the ex- penditures $566,333. SPARTA, a city of Randolph County, situated on the Centralia & Chester and the Mobile & Ohio Railroads, twenty miles northwest of Ches- ter and fifty miles southeast of St. Louis. It has a number of manufacturing establishments, in- cluding plow factories, a woolen mill, a cannery and creameries ; also has natural gas. The first settler was James McClurken, from South Caro- lina, who settled here in 1818. He was joined by James Armour a few years later, who bought land of McClurken, and together they laid out a village, which first received the name of Co- lumbus. About the same time Robert G. Shan- non, who had been conducting a mercantile busi- ness in the vicinity, located in the town and became the first Postmaster. In 1839 the name of the town was changed to Sparta. Mr. McClur- ken, its earliest settler, appears to have been a man of considerable enterprise, as he is credited with having built the first cotton gin in this vi- cinity, besides still later, erecting saw and flour mills and a woolen mill. Sparta was incorporated as a village in 1837 and in 1859 as a city. A col- ony of members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church (Covenanters or "Seceders") established at Eden, a beautiful site about a mile from Sparta, about 1822, cut an important figure in the history of the latter place, as it became the means of attracting here an industrious and thriving population. At a later period it became one of the most important stations of the "Under- ground Railroad" (so called) in Illinois (which see). The population of Sparta (1890) was 1,979; (1900), 2,041. TOLUCA, a city of Marshall County situated on the line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, 18 miles sonthwest of Streator. It is in the center of a rich agricultural district ; has the usual church and educational facilities of cities of its rank, and two newspapers. Population (1900), 2,629. WEST HAMMOND, a village situated in the northeast corner of Thornton Township, Cook County, adjacent to Hammond, Ind., from which it is separated by the Indiana State line. It is on the Michigan Central Railroad, one mile south of the Chicago City limits, and has convenient ac- cess to several other lines, including the Chicago & Erie; New York, Chicago & St. Louis, and Western Indiana Railroads. Like its Indiana neighbor, it is a manufacturing center of much importance, was incorporated as a village in 1892, and has grown rapidly within the last few years, having a population, according to the cen- sus of 1900, of 2,935. TAZEWELL COUNTY. Tazewell County, PREFACE In presenting to the citizens of Tazewell a history of the county, covering the main points in its early settlement, and its growth and development to the pres- ent time, it has been the author's aim to relate facts in their chronological order, . and to add thereto a description of such customs and relate such incidents and occurrences as may give to those who read this work some idea of the char- acter, purposes and results reached by those who have made it possible for Tazewell County to be what it is. The pioneer period of the County's history has been so thoroughly covered from the time of the erection of Fort Crevecoeur to about 1845, when such period may be said to have closed, that not much of originality can be claimed, as the facts of history never change. The same may be said of the succeeding years to 1879, when a history was issued from which the author has drawn to some extent in the preparation of this volume. However, during the last quarter of a century, Tazewell County has made such marvelous progress in all phases of growth and development, that a record of conditions, as they now are, should be of present worth, and surely should be of value years hence when even the present, advanced as we believe it to be, will be placed in the remote past, and what we consider its high state of development now, may be regarded as but the beginning of the golden age which the future may hold for those who come after us. The writer hopes that the labor, time and money expended in the' preparation and publication of this work may be accorded a fair measure of apprecia- tion by its patrons and those who may soon read it, and he is also desirous that future generations may find in it many things of value as covering a period in the county's history, of which no other permanent record shall have been made. Much is due to the publishers for the pecuniary outlay which they have borne, also for the conscientious and painstaking care manifested by them in connection with all departments of the work. For valuable assistance especial gratitude is due to Hon. .D. C. Smith, Judge A. W. Rodecker, Dr. W. E. Schenck, and Miss Eliza Hodgson, for their special contributions; to Mr. W. H. Bates, Mr. James Haines, the press of Pekin, the county officials, and others of our citizens, for many courtesies extended. (Jxe HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. crackers and hardtack. His other equip- ments were the best map he could then get of the western territories, a pocket compass, flint, steel and punk-wood with which to kindle a fire, as matches were not then known. He carried no weapon, often re- marking that an honest face was the best weapon among civilized or savage men. After safely crossing the state of Indiana, then a wilderness, he entered Illinois where Danville now is, and here found a small set- tlement and some friends. Here he made a short stay, and then took a northwest course to rtach the Illinois river, his map and com- pass his only guide. He put up usually where night found him. Striking a fire with his flint, steel and punk, wrapped in his blanket, and with the broad earth for a bed, he re- posed for the night. He stated that his horse became very cowardly, so that he would scarcely crop the grass which was his only sustenance; he would keep close by his master, following him wherever he went, sleeping at night by his side, and would not leave him at any time. With no roa.ls but an occasional Indian trail, through high grass and bushes, over the broad limitless prairie, or along the timber belts, casually meeting a party of Indians, with whom he conversed only by signs, it is not surprising that horse and rider should be lonely, suspicious and fearful. The Indians were friendly, offering to pilot him wherever he wished to go, but were importunate for tobacco and whiskey; in vain, however, for he carried neither. He reached the Illinois river, he supposed, just below the mouth of the Kankakee, and fol- lowed down on the south side till he reached the mouth of the Fox River, and recognized it on his map, the first time he had been certain of his locality since he left Danville. He explored each of the southern branches of the Illinois for several miles from their mouths, passing up one side and down the other. He thus explored the country to Dil- lon's Grove, in Tazewell county, near Fort Clark (Peoria). There, as he expected, he met a few settlers, old neighbors of his from Ohio, the first white men he had seen since leaving Danville. He then returned by way of Springfield and Vandalia, to Danville, where he made a claim on government land which he afterwards purchased. He returned to Ohio and reported that he found no suitable location for the proposed colony west of Danville. "Some might think it rather singular that a man of his resolution and sound judgment should pass through the best part of the State of Illinois, the best portion of the West, and as good a country as the sun shines on, and then make such report. But those who saw it as he saw it can properly appreciate his deci- sion; and the fact that he made such dif- ference between then and now. Surrounded by the solitude which even his horse felt so keenly, he was not in a mood to take in the full value of a prairie farm, and the wild region was not then understood. There was supposed to be an almost fatal deficiency of timber, and the coakfields were hidden in the bowels of the earth. The prairie was sup- posed to be so cold and bleak in winter as to be uninhabitable, and that not more than one-tenth of the country could ever be utilized. The railroads which now connect us with either ocean, and the telegraph that annihilates distance and converses with all the world, were neither of them invented. The slower mail and post-coach had not then crossed the prairie region, and the puffing steamer had never reached the upper Illi- nois. There was no civilization here. The deer, the wolf and the Indian held a divided empire, and, to the solitary traveler, it seemed that generations must pass before this immense solitude could be made coeval with the converse and business of a -civilized people. Even of those who came ten years later, many were of that opinion, and, for several years later still, never expected living to see the large prairies occupied. "Our explorer eventually changed his opinion, for, in 182S. he purchased a farm in Tazewell county, and removed there three years later, having in the autumn of 1S2S taken a trip through the country similar to that in 1821, when some few settlements and more experience softened the aspects of the then changing wilderness, and convinced him of the feasibility of settling the prairie region. His colleague, Luke Dillon, with a number of their friends, emigrated to Vermil- ion county, Illinois, and settled near Dan- ville, and Mr. Hodgson himself designed settling on his purchase at the same place, HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 703 but the milk-sick disease broke out among cattle on his lands, causing him to change his mind, as above stated. He remained on his purchase, near Pekin, until his death in the autumn of 1836, leaving a widow and nine children, of whom four sons and one daughter yet survive. Similar adventures were made by other parties, cousins of Joel Hodgson, about the same time, and under much the same trying circumstances." CHAPTER V. COUNTY ORGANIZATION. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FIRST COUNTY SEAT FIRST TAX LEVY - — COUNTY DIVIDED INTO TRECINCTS — ERECTION OF COURT HOUSE — FIRST GRAND J URY — CLERK'S OFFICE — CHANGE IN COMMISSIONERS — CHANGES IN COUNTY' SEAT — TREMONT COURT HOUSE — COUNTY SEAT FINALLY LOCATED AT PEKIN — COUNTY COURT GOVERNMENT — TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. On the 22d day of January. 1829, Tazewell county was organized by act of legislature, and its boundaries specifically defined. Hitherto the limits of the county had included a vast territory, composing 79 townships and parts of townships. In 1830 McLean county was formed by taking off three ranges east of, and one west, of the Third Principal Meridian. In 1839 Logan county was formed taking off three townships on the south. A war over the county seat question having arisen between Tremont and Pekin, it is alleged that Tremont people conspired with parties desiring new counties and county seats around Tazewell county, and in 1841 secured the passage of an act by the legis- lature cutting off the south half of township 21, range 2, to DeWitt county, and all Taze- well county west of range 4, and south of township 22 and west of range 5, and south of the middle of town 23, to the county of Mason. A few weeks later, on February 27th, another act was passed taking all that part of Tazewell county, being the north- east quarter of township 25 north and of the east half of 26 north, range 2 east, and all of townships 27 and 28, westward to the Illi- nois river, and forming of it the county of Woodford. A further reduction was proposed in 1843, cutting off that part of the county east of section 29, town 26, range 4, and towns 26 range 2, and 26, range 3. This act of the legislature was subje'ct to adoption by the people by ballot, but at an election held in May, 1843, the proposition was rejected. Before the present limits were fixed, this county at different periods was a part of St. Clair, Madison, Edwards, Crawford, Bond, Payette, Peoria and Sangamon Counties, re- spectively. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT. Up to the adoption of the present system of township organization the affairs of the county were directed by three commissioners chosen by the 'people at » general election. In 1&25 this county was part of Peoria county, and Joseph Smith, Nathan Dillon and William Holland were chosen commissioners; the two latter lived in this county. They held their first meeting in Peoria, March 8, 1825. In 1827 the county was regularly organized, and in April of that year, Benjamin Briggs, George Hittle, and James Lotta were chosen County Commissioners, and their first meeting was held at the house of William Orendorff, April 10, 1827. Mr. Orendorff lived in a cabin just south of the present village of Hopedale. Mordecai Mobley was appointed Clerk, and gave bond for the faithful performance of his duties with William Orendorff and William H. Hodge as sureties. The second order made was that the Court should be held at the house of Ephraim Stout, in Stout's Grove, in the western part of McLean county, then a. part of Tazewell. At the next meeting of the court, on April 25, 1827, John Benson was ap- pointed treasurer with William Orendorff and Absalom Funk as bondsmen. FIRST COUNTY SEAT. The commissioners appointed to locate the permanent seat of justice made the following report: "Be it remembered that we, the undersigned, Commissioners appointed under the authority of the 'act creating Tazewell county,' to locate ;o4 TTLSTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY the seat of justice for the aforesaid county of Tazewell, agreeably to the provisions of said act, having satisfactorily explored and exam- ined the county with that view, do unanimously agree upon and select the northwest quarter of section number seventeen, township 24, north of range 2 west of the Third Principal Meri- dian, as the seat of justice of said county, — the court-house to be situated at or near the spot where the said Commissioners drove down a stake, standing nine paces in a north- eastern direction from a white oak blazed on the northeastern side. "Given under our hands and seals, this 22d day of March, 1827. "Job Fletcher. ""William Lee D. Ewing, "Tom M. Neale." The site selected was that of the present village of Mackinaw. It was christened with the Indian name of the river near which it was located. First Tax Levy. — April 20, 1827, the Commis- sioner levied a. tax of one-half of one percent, "on the valuation of the following description of property, towit: On slave or indentured mulatto servants; on pleasure carriages, dis- tilleries, stock in trade; on all horses, etc., etc. No levy was made at this time on real estate. COUNTY DIVIDED INTO PRECINCTS. At the regular term in June, 1827, the Com- missioners divided the county into election precincts as follows: That part of the county east of the Third Principal Meridian and north of township 22. composed Blooming Grove pre- cinct; all south of township 23, east of the Third Principal Meridian, and including also one range west of the same line, to the southern boundary of the county, comprised Kicks poo precinct; all lying west of range 1 west of the Third Principal Meridian and south of township 23, composed Sugar Creek precinct; all west of the Third Meri- dian and north of township 22 and east of range 3 west, composed Machinaw precinct;' all west of range 2 west and south of the center of township 25, and north of township 22, composed Sand Prairie precinct; all west of range 2 west and north of the center of township 25 north, composed Ten Mile pre- cinct. Election was ordered to be held in Bloom- ing Grove precinct at the house of John Ben- son; and William Orendorff, Henry Vamicle and Ebenezer Rhodes were appointed judges. In Kickapoo precinct at Michael Dickerson's house, with George Hand, James Burleson and Isaac Funk, judges. In Sugar Creek precinct at the house of a Mr. Walters, with John Judy, George Miles and Walker Miller, judges. In Mackinaw precinct at M. Mobley's house at the county-seat, with Robert McClure, Abra- ham Stout and Paton Mitchell, judges. In Sand Prairie precinct at the house of Samuel Woodrow; judges, Isaac Perkins, Nathan Dillon and William Eades. In Ten Mile precinct at the house of Thomas Camlin, Austin Crocker, Jacob Funk and He- zekiah Davis were appointed judges. For many years there was a constant change going on in regard to election precincts and road districts. At almost every meeting of court some alteration was made. ERECTION OF A COURT HOUSE. On Tuesday, June 2il, 1827. the Court pro- ceeded to let the contract for building a court- house. The records show the following speci- fications for the structure: "The body of the house to be of hewn logs, 24 feet long and 18 feet wide; the logs to face at least one foot; one story and a half high, nine feet to the story. The roof to be of joist shingles, well nailed on; two batten doors of black walnut plank, one inch thick, to be hung with three-inch butts. The doors, to be well cased with good timber. Two twelve-light windows in the first siory, and one four-light window in the end of the house in the second story. The window lights to be 8 by 10 inches; the windows to be well cased, glass put in and put in the house. A lower floor of puncheons well hewed and jointed. A floor overhead of sawed plank an inch and one-quarter thick. Ten joists to be put in the house, 5 by 7 inches, to he sawed or hewed. The house to be well chinked and daubed, and the corners sawed down. The gable ends to be weather-hoarded HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 705 with shaved boards. Each window to have a shutter made of one-inch plank, and the same to be hung with two and one-half inch butts. A chimney place to be sawed out at one end of the house, say, the four lower logs, seven feet wide. The whole to be completed in a workmanlike manner on or before the first day of October next." The site selected for the court-house was lot 1, block 11, and the contract was let to Amasa Stout, as he was the lowest bidder, and the price fixed was $125. FIRST GRAND JURY. The business transacted by the Court at the June meeting, 1827, was of prime import- ance in putting the machinery of local govern- ment in action. The judicial power of this court extended over vast territory, for it must be remembered that Tazewell county at that time included the whole northeastern part of the state, and con- stables were frequently sent to Chicago to summon witnesses to appear at the court of this county. It devolved upon the Court at this Junu meeting to select grand jurors to serve at the October term of the 'Circuit Court, and the following were selected: William Orendorff, John H. Rhodes, William Walker, Sandy Hurst, Peter McCullough, Wil- liam Gilston, Thomas Rutledge, George Hand, Robert Guthrie, William Johnson, Robert Stubblefield, John Judy, Walker Miller, Mathew Robb, Ephraim Stout, Nathan Dillon, James B. Thomas, Thornton Dillon, James Scott. Seth Williams, Jacob Punk, William Holland and Horace Crocker. Following the occupancy of the new court- house in May. 1828, the court let the contract for a jail to Robert McClm'e and Mathew Robb, who agreed to erect the building for $325.77, the same to be completed before the first Monday in September, 1829. It was a two-story structure 16 feet square, made of solid hewn timber, and was one of the strong- est and most costly jails in this part of the state. William Cowhart, charged with stealing a horse belonging to one James Willis, was the first person to be put in the jail. He had been in custody for about ten weeks prior to the completion of the jail, but, with the aid of a confederate, and much to the chagrin of the authorities, he made his escape the first night he was incarcerated. He escaped trial and the penitentiary. CLERK'S OFFICE. In July, 1850, the first clerk's office was built by Jonas Hittle for the sum of $100. It was a frame building 14 feet square, one story high, 9-foot ceiling, weather-boarded with plank or boards; with one door and two win- dows; a green plank floor laid down without nails, and covered with shingles. A brick "chimney" was called for in the specifica- tions, but this was deemed too much of a luxury, and was stricken out. CHANGE OP COMMISSIONERS. In August, 1831, Nathan Dillon, Timothy Hoblit and Isaac Blaken were chosen County Commissioners at int, general election held for that purpose. The Clerk was immediately ordered 10 contract for the building of a good stiek-and-clay chimney to the court-house on the most advantageous terms." The next oriel was to Isaac Baker to procure a good table for the use of the Court. On recon- sideration, the whole system of repair was placed exclusively in the hands of Jonas Hit- tie. Contractor Hittle received the following specific instructions; "On the first floor, a bench to be erected in the^ west end for the use of the Judge, to be reached on either side by good steps. In front of this bench (which was simply a platform) a bar to be raised con- sisting of good bannisters, and plank arranged for the witnesses' seats. On either side of the Judge's bench to be good seats for the jury and two movable seats for the Clerk. "A stairway to be built in the northeast cor- ner reaching the second story. The upper floor to be laid and divided into two rooms by a partition, these rooms to be used as jury rooms. A good 14-light window to be placed in the east end, and the chimney place to be closed up. A cheap cast stove to be purchased and put up in the northwest corner of the room. All the work to be completed by April 10, 1831." rou HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. CHANGES IN COUNTY SEAT. As stated previously, the boundaries of Taze- well county were fixed by legislative act on the 22nd of January, 1829. By this act the county was materially reduced in size, yet it still contained 79 townships and parts of town- ships and Mackinaw, the county seat at this time, was situated near the center of this ter- ritory. Pekin was laid off in 1S30, and was ambitious to secure the county seat. Mackinaw, how- ever, being so near the geographical oonter of the county, seemed, by this fact, to have a rightful clnim to its location. If something could be done to destroy the force of this claim, a change might become a probability. At the succeeding election for members of the Legislature, William L. D. Ewing, of Van- dalia, was chosen Senator, and William Brown, of Pekin, Representative. Brown was easily induced to consent to cut off from Taze- well county for the county of McLean, all that portion of Tazewell county embraced in ranges 1, 2 and 3 east, and 1 west of the Third Principal Meridian, containing over 100,000 acres. On the 25th of December of the same year (1830) McLean county was created by the Legislature. Two months later, John T. Stuart, Matthias Chilton and William Porter were appointed by the General Assembly to select a permanent county-seat for Tazewell county. In the meantime court and public offices should be at Pekin. These commis- sioners failed to make any selection of a loca- tion. Indeed they neglected to consider the matter at all so far as any records of their actions show. Year after year came and went until July 12, 1835, before anything further was done. At that date the Legislature ap- pointed John Calhoun, of Sangamon county, James Gaylord, of Putman and Isaac C. Pugh, of Macon, as a commission to permanently locate the county-seat in lieu of the former, which failed to act. This commission was ap- proached by Tremont people with an offer from John H. Harris of twenty acres of land and $2,000 from the citizens to aid in the erection of public buildings. This offer — a very gener- ous one for that time — was accepted, and the commissioners concluded their report as fol- lows: "The point named was selected with a view to the convenience of the present and future population of Tazewell county. It is a position as nearly central to the present and probable future population of the county as we could select, and at the same time secures the other advantages for the healthy and favor- able site for the building of a town.' - MOVED TO PEKIN TEMPORARILY. The last term of the Court held in Mack- inaw was in March, 1831. This action was in pursuance of an act of the legislature passed Feb. 1C, 1851, appointing William Porter, John T. Stuart and Milton Chilton as a committee to re-locate the county seat, and the same act removed the courts of the county to Pekin until the seat of justice should be permanently fixed. The Court came to Pekin June i;, 1831, and established its quarters at the corner of Elizabeth and Second street, subsequently the site of the Snell school. TIim' Clerk's office was located in the upper room of William Haines' corner building occu- pied by William M. Farnsworth and subse- quently by the Court at a rental of $2 per month. On October 1. 1831, the office was moved to Gideon Hawley's building for one month, and afterwards the court was held for a time ih Holcemb's tavern. Afterwards, and until the county seat was moved to Tremont in 1836, tne sessions of the court were held in the old Methodist Church. AT TREMONT. In pursuance of the action of the commis- sions locating the county seat at Tremont, in June, 1S3G, the Court removed to Tremont and contracted with William Dillon for the erection of a temporary two-story frame Court- house, 20 by 40 feet, for the sum of ?50. The old jail v,as removed from Mackinaw by John T. Bird, and an addition built as a residence for the sheriff, for the sum of $13S. John C. Morgan, who had been Clerk of the Court for eight years, in order to prevent removal by the new commissioners. Messrs. Railsback, Hull, and Fisher, tendered his resignation, which was accepted, and J. H. Morrison was appointed to succeed him. H1ST0EY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY 707 . TREMONT COURT HOUSE. In January, 1837, the contract for a new court-house was let to William Plagg for $14,450. It was to be a brick building, two stories above basement in height; 60 feet long, including portico of 10 feet, by 40 wide. The specifications conclude with the following finishing touches for the structure: "The win- dows to be closed with good blinds and painted four coats, two of French green; the outside doors to be fitted with best locks, and the en- tire building to be fitted in full Grecian order of architecture. All plates referred to are in Shaw's second edition of Architecture, 1832. Said building is to be surmounted by a cupola, finished with octagon blinds and containing a good bell deck, and the dome to be surmounted with an iron rod supporting three gilt balls." By an act of the Legislature, approved Feb. 2, 1849, in regard to the disposal of the court- house at Tremont, it is provided that in case the county-seat was moved to Pel-tin, a deed of trust of the court-house should be made to Joseph L. Shaw, Wells Andrews, Lyman Por- ter, Thomas P. Rogers and William A. Maus. The building was to be used and occupied ex- clusively for the purpose of education, and for the use and benefit of this county. Accord- ingly when the vote was taken and it was decided to make the move, and when the move was made, the above act was complied with, and for several years a high school was con- ducted there. This building, as originally con- structed, remained until 1895, when it was torn down to make way for the march of progress and the demands of business. This old building was of historic interest. In it Lincoln, Douglas, Stuart, Baker, David Davis, and other men of national, fame, had practiced law. There are those now living in the county who had personal acquaintance and business dealings with these intellectual giants — born leaders of men, and makers of national history and character. FINALLY LOCATED AT PEKIN. In the meantime the county had rapidly de- veloped, and Pekin became the most populous as well as the largest business center in the county. Claims were made that a recognition of these conditions demanded a removal of the county's capital from Tremont and its perma- nent, establishment at Pekin. No positive steps towards such removal, however, were taken until 1843, when the legis- lature authorized the people of the county to vote upon the question at the regular election in August of that year, when the proposition was defeated. A serious epidemic of scarlet fever, causing over fifty deaths during the win- ter of 1843 and '44, checked the growth of Pekin for several years, and agitation of the question of removal was not renewed until 1849, when tne legislature again authorized the people to vote upon the question. The result was in favor of Pekin. COUNTY COURT GOVERNMENT. By the provisions of the state Constitution adopted in 184V, the Commissioners court was abolished, and a county court authorized in each county. This Court consisted of a County Judge, and the legislature being authorized to do so by the Constitution, added thereto two associate Justices. The last meeting of the Commissioners' Court was held Nov. 7, 1849, and on the 3d or December the first term of the County Court was held. This Court had the same legislative powers as those previously exercised by the Commissioners' Court, and all the Judicial authority vested in Justices of the Peace, together with probate business. All three members of the Court acted together in transacting county business, but none other. The salary of each member, while holding court, was $2 per day. Benjamin F. James was chosen the first County Judge, being elected Nov. 6, 1849, — the first November election held. The first Associate Justices were Joseph Stewart and Lawson Holland. During the existence of this Court the people were agitating the question of township organization. Many counties of the State since the adoption of the constitution of 1848, had adopted that mode of conducting county affairs. The constitution gave counties the privilege of adopting either the County Court or the Board of Supervisors. At the fall election in 1849 a vote was taken "for or against township organization," which resulted in favor of the new measure. The County Court had but a short existence. The last meeting was held Saturday, April 6, 1850. In the mean time, however, the Court 70S' HISTOKY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. appointed B. S. Prettyman, Anson Gillon and J. K. Coon a commission to divide the county into townships. This duty they performed in due time. Generally they constituted each con- gressional township a separate town. Begin- ning at Fond du Lac township, they fixed the boundary as it now is and named it "Fond du Lac," according to the wish of the people. The first election under the township organ- ization was held at Farm Creek school-house. Washington township was laid off six miles square, east and adjoining Fond du Lac. It was called Washington, because the village and postofflce bore that name The east half of township, 26 north and range 2 west, was attached to Washington at the request of the citizens, as there were not sufficient inhab- itants to form a separate town. The first election was held in the district school-build- ing at Washington. Deer Creek had its boundaries fixed as they are at present. The first election was held at the Monmouth school-house. The township was named by Major R. N. Cullom, taking the name of the creek that flows through it. Morton was laid off and named as it is at present. Harvey Campbell proposed the name in honor of Gov. Morton of Massachusetts. The first election was held at W. W. Camp- bell's. Groveland was constituted a township and Its boundaries fixed as they now are. The first election was held at the Randolph house, Groveland. The township took its name from the village. Pekin township was at first one tier of sec- tions less, north and south, than it is at present. The northern tier of sections of Cin- cinnati was taken from that township and added to Pekin. It was named after the city of Pekin. Cincinnati township was laid off by this commission, one tier of sections larger than it is at present. The first election was held at the Cincinnati hotel, Pekin. Elm Grove had its boundaries fixed as they now are. The first election was held at Elm Grove school-house. Tremont had its boundaries defined by in- cluding a Congressional township. The first election was held at the court-house at Tre- mont. Mackinaw township had its boundaries per- manently fixed. The first election was held at the school-house in the town of Mackinaw. Little Mackinaw has never had its boundary lines changed. The first election was held at a school-house on Little Mackinaw creek. Hopedale at first was christened Highland. The present boundaries were fixed. A portion of Boynton township was attached to Hope- dale, there not being enough inhabitants to organize a township. The first election was held at Mrs. Purviance's residence. The name Highland was changed because there was an- other township in the state bearing that name. Dillon was constituted for a Congressional Township. The first election was held at the school-house in Dillon. Sand Prairie, formerly Jefferson, had its boundaries described as they are at present. The. first election was held at John Hisel's. Malone township was not organized, but the territory was attached to Sand Prairie. Spring Lake haa its boundaries described as they remain at present; first election held at Charles Seiwell's. Delavan was constituted a township as it re- mains at present, and had a portion of Boyn- ton attached -to it. Hittle was first named Union, then changed to Waterford, and finally to Hittle. It included its present territory and a portion of Boynton; first election held at Hittle Grove church. The last meeting of the County Court was held Saturday, April 6, 1850. It then ad- journed, sine die. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. The system of county government by a few men originated in Virginia, and was in ac- cordance wth the recollections and traditions which the Virginia cavalier had of the landed aristocracy of England. A few influentiaJ men were allowed to' manage the affairs of a whole community pretty much as seemed to them best, and were allowed to retain their positions as long as they washed, without being directly responsible to anybody for the manner in which their duties were performed. Illinois, becoming a county of Virginia on its conquest by Gen. George Rogers Clark, retained the county government by a commis- sioners court of three men. This system was continued until the adoption of the Constitu- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY ro9 tion of 1S48. During the. interval between the admission of the stale to the Union in 1818 and this Constitutional Convention, the state had filled up with a population from the eastern states, whose ideas of local self-government differed very radically from those entertained by the early settlers of Virginia descent. It was maintained that the heavily populated districts would always control the election of Commissioners to the detriment of the sparsely settled localities. The force of this argument, and the growing sentiment that the nearer the government to the masses the more exact and equal would be the justice secured to all the people, led to the change. As stated elsewhere, the result of the election in the township organization at the general election in November, 1849, was in favor of the adop- tion of the system. Under this system the supervisor is the chief officer and representative of the township, and it is his duty to prosecute and defend all suits in which the township is interested. The township clerk keeps the records of the town- ship, and the treasurer takes charge of the funds. The establishment, vacation and repair of the public roads is committed to the three commissioners of highways. The supervisor, the two Justices of the Peace whose terms of office soonest expire, and the Township Clerk constitute a township board for examining and auditing the accounts of the town. The Board of Supervisors convened for the first time just one month after the adjourn- ment of the County Court. It assembled at the court-house in Tremont May 6, 1850, the fol- lowing members being present: R. W. Briggs, Iremont; William S. Maus, Pekin; W. J. Thompson, Jefferson; R. N. Cullom, Deer Creek; B. P. Orendorff, Little Mackinaw; W. W. Crossman, Delavan; Seth Talbot, Elm Grove; C. J. Gibson, Fond du Lac; George L. Parker, Groveland; Samuel P. Bailey, Cincin- nati; Nathan Dillon, Dillon; Lyman Porter, Mackinaw; Horace Clark, Morton; Charles Holder, Highland; Hezekiah Armington, Union; George H. Daniels, Spring Lake. Hon. Rich- ard N. Cullom was chosen chairman. The last meeting of the Board at Tremont, was held August 26, 1850, when the Board moved in a body to Pekin, and held a meeting on the same day in the new court-house, built by that city. Since 1850 the business affairs of the county have been under the guidance of a Board of bupernsors, at present composed of 24 mem- bers. CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, 1827 TO 185O — COUNTY OFFICERS TO 1904 — ELECTION RETURNS 1858-1904- • COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. George Hittle 1827-29 Benjamin Briggs 1827-30 James Latta 1827 Ephraim Stout 1828 Nathan Dillon 1829-32 Timothy B. Hoblit 1830 Isaac Baker 1830 Benjamin Briggs 1831 William Holland 1831 George Havenhill 1832 James Harvey .' 1832-34 William Brown 1832-34 Thomas F. Railsback 1833-38 Benjamin Mitchell 1834 L. P. Fletcher 1834-36 Richard N. Cullom , 1835 James Fisher 1836-39 Alden Hull 1836-38 Abraham Bowman 1838-41 Joshua Wolley 1838-40 Robert Bradshaw 1839-42 Durrett Higgens 1840-43 William S. Rankin 1841-47 Able Kingman 1842-48 Elias Ogden 1843-49 James Broyhill . . : 1846-50 Joshua Stewart 1847-50 Lawson Holland 1847-50 COUNTY JUDGES. Joel W. Clark 1860 M. Tackaberry 1861 Wm. Don Maus 1862 David Kyes 1865 Alfred W. Rodecker 1877 Geo. C. Rider 1886-94 W|. R. Curran 1894-98 Geo. C. Rider 1898-1902 Jesse Black, Jr 1902-06 ;i(t HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. COUNTY CLERKS. Mordecai Mobley 1827-28 John C. Morgan 1828-36 John H. Morrison 1836-47 William CromweL 1847-49 Richard W. Ireland 1849-53 John Gridley 1853-65 William W. Clemens 1805-09 R. D. Smith 1869-77 Flavel Shurtleff 1877-86 Louis Schurman 1886-90 Adolph Fehrman 1890-98 Lot Bergstresser 1898-1906 CIRCUIT CLERKS. Modecai Mobley 1827-28 John C. Morgan 1828-34 Edward Jones 1834 John A. Jones 1842-56 Merrill C. Young 1856-60 George H. Harlow 1860-64 Henry P. Finigan 1864-68 Wm. P. Allensworth 1868-72 Simeon R. Drake 1872-76 Henry C. Sutton 1876-84 John Fitzgerald 1884-92 A. L. Champion 1892-1900 R. V. Howe 1900-04 STATE'S ATTORNEYS. Charles Turner 1860-64 C. A. Roberts 1864-68 Charles Parker 1868-72 W. F. Henry 1872-76 Wm. L. Prettyman 1876-80 Edward Reardon 1880-84 Wm. L. Prettyman 1884-88 G. F. Sattonstall 1888-96 G. W. Cunningham 1896-1904 COUNTY TREASURERS. John Benson 1827-29 Abraham Carlock 1829-30 Philip B. Miles 1830 Anson Demming 1830-32 Benj. Doolittle 1832 George W. Miles ■ 1832 George W. Miles 1832-33 Thomas Snell 1833-35 Benj. Briggs 1835-36 Davis Travis 1836-37 Btnj. Briggs 1837-39 James Wibray 1839-43 A. B. Davis 1843-49 James R. Babcock 1849-60 Wm. S. Maus 1860-61 Peter Weyrich 1861-65 Charles Turner 1865-67 John Gridley 1S67 Samuel E. Barber 1867-69 William Gaither 1869-73 Thomas Cooper 1873, resigned in 1885 T. T. Heaton, to fill vacancy 1885-86 Daniel Sapp ., 1886-90 Henry Schwartz 1890-94 U. S. ..ood 1894-98 G. W. Cress 1898-1902 J. E. Russell 1902-06 SHERIFFS. William H. Hodge 1S27-30 Philip B. Miles 1830-32 James Scott 1832-35 Alfred Phillips 1835-36 William A. Tinney 1836-40 Benjamin Briggs 1840-44 Robert W. Briggs 1844-48 R. T. Gill 1848-50 William Gaither 1850-52 David Kyes 1852-54 Thomas C. Reeves 1854-56 Chapman Williamson 1856-58 Thomas C. Reeves 1858-60 Chapman Williamson 1860-62 James s. Hawkins 1862-64 James Hamson 1864-66 Jonathan H. Meyers 1866-68 Edward Pratt 1868-70 Thomas C. Reeves 1870-74 Edward Pratt 1874-78 Andrew J. Kinsey i878-Oct. 19, 1884 S. D. Kinsey .' 1884-86 Louis Stalter 1886-90 J. C. Friederich 1890-94 J. E. Stout 1894-98 J. D. Mount, 1898-1902 Robert Clay 1902-06 CORONERS. Thomas Orendorff 1827 Thomas Dillon 1828 Nathan Dillon 1829 Timothy B. Hoblet 1830 Isaac Baker 1830 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 711 Benj. Briggs 183X William Holland 1831 David H. Holcomb 1831 Andred Tharp 1832 John A. Broyhill 1839-42 Nathan B. Kellogg 1842-48 David Bailey 1848-52 Joseph B. Worley 1852-54 David M. Bailey 1854-56 William A. Tinney 1856-60 John Wildhack 1860-62 Henry Sage 1862-64 William Diviney 1864-68 A. Culver 1868-70 John M. Tinney 1870-74 Henry Gulon 1874-78 Albert R. Warren 1878-82 Charles Young 1882-84 W. T. Griffith 1884-Resigned Richard Charlton 1884-92 H. V. Bailey 1892-1900 Nathan Holmes 1900-04 SURVEYORS. Wm. H. Hodge 1827-31 Park Woodrow 1832 Lewis Prettyman 1833 Thos. C. Wilson 1836 Lewis Prettyman 1840 Wm. Mooberry 1843 Jesse A. Nason 1848-53 Thos. King, Jr 1853-61 Wm. R. Kellogg 1861 Wm. D. Cleveland 1863 Leander King 1865-71 B. C. Smith 1871-73 J. L. Hayward 1873-75 Leander King 1875-84 W. D. Oswald 1884-96 D. H. Jansen 1896-1900 John R. Siebert 1900-04 SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. John M. Bush 1846-48 James Haines 1848-50 Lemuel Allen 1850-60 John W. Moreland 1860-64 SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. S. K. Hatfield 1865-73 M. E. Pomfret 1873-77 B. C. Allensworth 1877-86 D. B. Pittsfora 1886-94 W. R. Lackland 1894-95 Resigned John L. Boling 1895-98 W. P. Mavity 1898-1906 ELECTION RETURNS— 1858-1904. ELECTION NOV. 7, 1858. Congress. Wm. Kellogg, rep Jas. W. Davidson, dem. Jacob Gale .1783 .1860 177 . 9 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1859. Scnool Commissioner. Lemuel Allen, rep 460 44 J. C. Reybolt, ind 416 A. Lloyd, dem 151 County Treasurer. J. R. Babcock, rep 984 County Surveyor. Thos. King, Jr 962 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1860. President. Abraham Lincoln, rep 2348 179 Stephen A. Douglas, dem 2169 John Bell, union 26 J. C. Breckenridge, dem 3 Governor. Richard Yates, rep 2344 158 J. C. Allen, dem 2186 Congress. Wm. Kellogg, rep i 2345 161 Robt. G. Ingersoll, dem 2184 State's Attorney. Chas. Turner, rep 2347 157 Hugh Fullerton, dem 2190 State Senator. Henry E. Dummer, rep 2355 198 Benj. A. Prettyman, dem 2157 IVi HISTORY OF Representative. David Kyes, rep 2361 S. R. Saltonstall, dem 2170 County Judge Joel W. Clark, rep 2316 C. A. Roberts, dem 2210 Circuit Clerk. Geo. H. Harlow, rep 2294 Merrill C. Young, dem 2234 Sheriff. Chapman Williamson, rep 2306 Aquilla J. Davis, dem : 2198 John Shellenberger 32 Coroner. John Wildhack, rep 2265 William Divinney, dem 2201 ELECTION NOV 5, 1861. County Judge. M. Tackaberry, dem 1478 Joel W. Clark, rep 1127 County Clerk. John Gridley, dem 1249 I. Newkirk, rep 592 A .P. Griswold, dem 485 Chas. W. Green, rep 211 H. K. Alexander, dem 74 County Treasurer. P. Weyrich, dem 1296 J. W. Glassgow, rep 678 H. Riblet, rep 561 School Commissioner. Lemuel Allen, rep 1249 W. A. K. Cowdrey, dem 1115 James K. Kellogg, rep 197 County Surveyor. Thos. King, Jr., rep 845 Wm. R. Kellogg, dem 1704 TAZEWELL COUNTY. ELECTION NOV. 4, 1862. 191 Congress. John T. Stuart, dem 1971 339 Leonard Swett, rep 1632 State Senator. Colby Knapp, dem 1972 346 S. M. Cullom, rep 1626 Representative. 60 Elias Wenger, dem 1975 348 David Kyes, rep 1627 Sheriff. James A. Hawkins, dem 1957 317 108 William Gaither, rep 1640 Coroner. Henry Sage, dem 1990 378 John Wildhack, rep 1612 64 SPECIAL ELECTION, JULY 30, 1863. County Judge. Wm. Don Maus, dem 1854 221 Joel W. Clark, rep 1633 351 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1863. County Treasurer. Peter Weyrich, dem 1735 227 g57 Geo. Tomm, rep 1503 School Commissioner. John W. Moreland, dem 1688 137 Josiah Wood, rep 1551 Surveyor. Wm. D. Cleveland, dem 1703 164 J. H. Hayward, rep 1539 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1864. President. 134 Abraham Lincoln, rep 2147 Geo. B. McClellan, dem 2307 160 Congress. S. M. Cullom, rep 2162 857 John T. Stuart, dem 2302 140 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 713 State Senator. Representative. Geo. W. Minier, rep 2166 Wm. W. Sellers, rep 233"5 John B. Cohrs, dem 2302 136 S. R. Saltonstall, dem 2361 26 State's Attorney. Sheriff. Thos. A. Carter, rep 2145 John Reardon, rep 2295 C. A Roberts, dem 2324 179 J. H. Meyers, dem 2395 100 Representative. Coroner. John Wildhack, rep 2157 Richard B. Howell, rep 2302 S. R. Saltonstall, dem 2287 130 Wm. Divinney, dem 2392 90 Circuit Clerk. Geo. H. Harlow, rep 2159 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1868. H. P. Finigan, dem 2308 149 President. Sheriff. U. S. Grant, rep 2728 Wm. A. Ross, rep 2176 Horatio Seymour, dem 2735 7 James Hamson, dem 2287 111 Congress. Coroner. s - M - Cullom, rep 2655 Henry Riblet, rep .2139 R S ' Edwards - dem 2 ?59 104 Wm. Divinney, dem 2329 190 State's Attorney. Chas. Parker,, rep 2699 14 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1865. C. G. Whitney, dem 2685 County Judge. State Senator. W. Don Maus, dem 1756 Nicholson, rep 2670 David Kyes, rep 1903 147 J. B. Cohrs, dem 2746 76 County Clerk. Representative. T . „ . J , , J. Merriam, rep 2683 John Gndley, dem 1796 o *-, ^ ,* ± ,> j „„„,- „, S. R. Saltonstall, dem 2725 42 W. W. Clemens, rep 1878 82 Circuit Clerk. County Treasurer. m Heip]e rep 2700 Peter Weyrich, dem 1817 W. P. Allensworth, dem 2714 14 Chas. Turner, rep 1842 25 -. .„ Sheriff. School Superintendent. John Puterbaugh, rep 2647 T v. ttt ** . j a ,„«, Edward Pratt, dem 2763 116 John W. Moreland, dem 1893 S. K. Hatfield, rep 1875 82 Coroner. A. Culver, rep 2704 46 Surveyor. W. A. Tinney, dem 2658 J. M. Miller, dem 1760 Leander King, rep 1908 148 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1872. ELECTION NOV. 6. 1866. President. Congress-at-Large. U. S. Grant, rep 2360 268 Horace Greeley, dem 2092 John A. Logan, rep 2312 chas Q Colmol , dem 221 T. Lyle Dickey, dem 2393 87 Governor. Congress. Richard J. Oglesby, rep 2346 168 Shelby M. Cullom, rep 2307 Gustavus Koerner, dem 2178 Edwin S. Fowler, dem 2406 . . 99 Ben]. G. Wright, dem 247 714: HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Congress. John McNulta, rep 2350 203 Clifton H. Moore, lib 2147 S. S. Seeds, dem 285 State Senator. Aaron B. Nicholson, rep 2365 212 Edmond Syrich. lib 2153 Ezra Davis, dem 284 State's Attorney. W. F. Henry, rep 2386 246 A. W. Rodecker, dem 2140 Benj. F. Baker, lib 233 Representative. Herman W. Snow, rep 3677 362 Peter J. Hames 3315 Laban M. Stroud 3134 Jacob W. Noel 2782% John A. Snedeker 1236 Circuit Clerk. Simeon R. Drake, rep 2375 120 Samuel G. Puterbaugh, lib 2252 Wm. P. Latham, dem 217 Sheriff. T. C. Reeves, rep 2545 604 J. S. Briggs, lib 1941 Wm. Knott, dem 262 Coroner. John M. Tinney , rep 2530 643 James Milner, lib 1887 Lyman Evans, dem 264 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1873. County Judge. David Kyes, dem 2055 991 J. W. Glasgow, rep 1064 Circuit Clerk. James Claton, dem 1276 R. D. Smith, rep 1799 520 County Treasurer. Thos. Cooper, dem 1649 205 Thos. J. Brown, rep 1444 School Superintendent. M. E. Pomfret, dem 1853 825 Miss Mary Fuller, rep 1020 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1874. Congress. John McNulta, rep 1834 A. E. Stevenson, dem 2210 376. Clifton H. Moore, lib State Senator. James W. Robinson, rep 1376 D. G. A. Railsback, dem 1640 264 J. H. Anthony, ind 1008 Representative. H. L. Sill, dem 4606% Richard Holmes, rep 5986 1379% G. W. Middlecoff, dem 1016% Thos. Windle, dem 440% R. A. Talbot, rep 29 Sheriff. Edward Pratt, dem 2307 529 Wm. Cobean, rep 1778 Coroner. Hiram Vandervoort, rep 1879 Henry Gulon, dem 2261 382 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1875. Treasurer. Thos. Cooper, dem 1794 700' John F. Beezly, rep 1094 Surveyor. Leander King, dem 1728 627 J. L. Hayward rep 1101 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1876. President. R. B. Hayes, rep 2850 S. J. Tilden, dem 3174 316- Congress. Adlai E. Stevenson, dem 3247 412 Thos. F. Tipton, rep 2835 Board of Equalization. John H. Anthony, rep 2896 W. Don Maus, dem 3142 246 Representative. D. C. Smith, rep 8464% C. A. Moore, dem 9514% 1050' Thomas Wendle, dem 108 State's Attorney. W. F. Henry, rep 2832 W. L. Prettyman, dem 3215 383- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 715 Circuit Clerk. S. R. Drake, rep 2962 H. C. Sutton, dem 3091 129 Sheriff. Phillips, rep 2774 Edward Pratt, dem 3289 515 Coroner. Jacob Mueller, rep 2837 Henry Gulon, dem 3219 382 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1877. County Judge. Wiilbur F. Henry, rep '. . .1400 Alfred W. Rodecker, dem 1961 561 David Kyes, ind 1050 County Clerk. Flavel Shurtleff, dem ,..2157 204 Simeon R. Drake, rep 1953 Wellington King, greenback 301 County Treasurer. Thos. Cooper, dem 2477 927 Wm. Moorehead, rep 1550 Wm. P. Latham, greenback 374 School Superintendent. B. C. Allensworth, dem 2236 425 Josiah P. Wood, rep 1811 Daniel S. Elliott, greenback 373 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1878. State Senator. Abram Mayfield, dem 2380 282 James W. Robinson, rep 2098 Geo. W. Minier 503 Representative. Green P. Orendorff, dem 3533% Wm. R. Hall, dem 3858% Josiah Snyder, rep 6185 2326% Chas. C. Brackett 1409% Sheriff. Andrew J. Kinsey, dem 2340 298 Wm. Cobean, rep 2042 N. F. Smith 539 Coroner. Albert R. Warren, dem 2340 203 Robert D. Bradley 2137 Chas. E. Hayward 466 H. J. Puterbaugh 64 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1880. President. Hancock, dem , 3367 448 Garfield, rep 2919 Governor. Trumball, dem 3371 470 Cullom, rep 2901 Congress. A. E. Stevenson, dem 3420 428 D. C. Smith, rep 2992 Representative. J. H. Crandall, dem 9773 1183 W. B. Harvey, rep 8590 Lucas 351 State's Attorney. Edward Reardon, dem 3423 468 J. V. Graff, rep 2915 Circuit Clerk. S. C. Sutton, dem 3479 581 R. D. Smith, rep 2898 Sheriff. A. J. Kinsey, dem 3488 600 H. L. Ogden, rep 2888 Coroner. A. R. Warren, dem 3453 539 J L. Hayward, rep 2914 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1882. Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 2831 375 D. C. Smith, rep 2456 Representative. J. H. Crandall, dem 3968% Revilo Newton, dem 3954% R. S. Hester, rep 6446 2480% J. McCullough, pro 373 J. W. Hoffman, ind 1098 County Judge. A. W. Rodecker, dem 2925 537 David Kyes, rep 2388 Wash Wilson, greenback 91 County Clerk. Flavel Shurtleff, dem 2992 642 ;ic HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. S. R. Drake, rep , 2350 H. M. Smith, greenback 105 County Treasurer. Thomas Cooper, dem 2770 245 Jas. F. Quigg, rep 2525 W. P. Latham, greenback 117 Sheriff. A. J. Kinsey, dem 2971 625 Edward Simpson, rep 2346 Thomas Reardon, greenback 112 Coroner. Chas. Young, dem 2760 44 R. D. Bradley, rep 2626 Chas. P. Cary, greenback 132 School Superintendent. B. C. Allensworth, dem 2829 356 J. P. Wood, rep 2473 A. B. Hardy, greenback 121 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1884. President. Cleveland, dem 3303 715 Blaine, rep 2668 Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 3395 731 — — Taylor, rep 2664 State Senator. G. P. Orendorff, dem 3405 731 Zoeller, rep 2674 Representatives. Watercott, dem 5041 Patrick, dem 5021 E. P. Unland, rep 5722% R. S. Hester, rep 2306 State's Attorney. W. L. Prettyman, dem 3446 1542 Edward Reardon, dem. (declined to be a candidate) 1904 Circuit Clerk. John Fitzgerald, dem 3204 331 Christian May, rep 2873 Coroner. W. T. Griffith, dem 3386 711 R. D. Bradley, rep 2675 Surveyor. W. D. Oswald, dem 3411 761 J. L. Hayward, rep 2650 Sheriff. S. D. Kinsey, dem 3782 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1886. Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 3009 327 J. A. Connolly, rep 2682 Browder 150 Representative. Patrick, dem 4521 Kister, dem 4411 Brubaker, rep 4845 Zilm, rep 3084% G. W. Minier, pro 63> County Judge. A. W. Rodecker, dem 2636 Geo. C. Rider, rep 3068 432 W. S. Morehead, pro 122 County Clerk. Louis Zinger, dem 2679 Louis Schurman, rep 3047 368 W. R. Lacklin, pro 124 County Treasurer. Daniel Sapp, dem 2957 200 J. H. Anthony, rep 2757 J. H. Puterbaugh, pro 121 County Superintendent of Schools. D. B. Pittsford, dem 2889 72 J. H. Tear, rep 2817 Miller, pro 112 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1888. President. Cleveland, dem 3426 500 Harrison, rep 2926 Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 3442 480 Kerr, rep 2922 State Senator. M. B. Newell, dem. . .' 3426 500 Dickson, rep 2926 Representative. A. W. Ball, dem 4985 J. W. White, dem 5156 J. H. Anthony, rep 6387y 2 Coen, rep 2426 Circuit Clerk. John Fitzgerald, dem 3285 168 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 717 Horace Marshall, rep 31 17 Warner, pro 11; , State's Attorney. G. F. Saltonstall, dem 3431 501 Jerome Gilnian, rep 2930 Coroner. Richard Charlton, dem 3469 550 I. S. Stephens, rep 2919 Puterbaugh, pro 117 Surveyor. W. D. Oswald, dem 3438 516 J. L .Hayward, rep 2922 Schaefer, pro 120 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1890. Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 3291 647 Hanon, rep 2644 Patton, pro 34 Representative. J. W. White, dem 5081% O. A. Garrett, dem 4765 J. H. Anthony, rep 7879 Meyers, pro 269% County Judge. J. W. Dougherty, dem 2959 Geo. Rider, rep 2971 12 M. J. Puterbaugh, pro 89 County Clerk. h. V. Howe, dem 2943 A. Fehrman, rep 2986 42 H. M. Smith, pro 84 Sheriff. J. C. Friederich, dem 3161 384 J. E. Stout, rep 2777 rtennett, pro 67 County Treasurer. Henry Swartz, dem 3378 825 George Landes, rep 2553 H. J. Puterbaugh, pro 88 County Superintendent of Schools. D. B. Pittsford, aem 3353 764 Abbie A. Newman, rep 2589 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1892. President. Cleveland, dem 3652 622 Harrison, rep 3030 Congress. W. M. Springer, dem 3640 613 O. K. Kane, rep 3027 State Senator. C. N. Barnes, dem 3638 613 McMurtie, rep 3025 G. W. Minier, pro 256 Representative. W. A. Moore, dem 5493% McClure, dem 5201 Painter, rep 8042 H. J. Puterbaugh, pro 1802 Circuit Clerk. A. L. Champion, dem 3627 555 Louis Stalter, rep 3072 James Hawley, pro 172 State's Attorney. G. F. Saltonstall, dem 3633 570 W. H. Ambrose, rep 3063 D. R. Sheen, pro 165 Coroner. H. V. Bailey, dem 3655 623 W. G. Bailey, rep 3022 , S. H. Puterbaugh, pro 169 Surveyor. W. D. Oswald, dem 3640 599 Hayward, rep 3041 G. W. Minier, pro 168 ELECTION NOV. 1894. Congress. J. V. Graft, rep 3345 249 G. O. Barnes, dem 3096 David McCullochi, pro 91 Representative. L. C. Breeden, dem 4732% W. A. Moore, dem 4798y 2 Jonathan Merriam, rep 4865 J. W. Johnson, rep 4703 % G. W. Warner, pro 253% E. C. Sloan, peo 646% County Judge. W. R. Curran, dem 3320 109 W. H. Ambrose, rep 3211 County Clerk. A. Swartz, dem 3103 A. Fehrman, rep 3364 261 Samuel Meeker, peo 158 ;is HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. J. D. Mount, dem J. E. Stout, rep. .3226 .3248 County Treasurer. Sheriff. Representative. Jessie Black, Jr., dem 6079% 22 S. D. Beer, dem 4549 U. J. Albertson, rep 5066% J. W. Johnson, rep 4625 % C. S. Wood, dem 3300 147 H. P. Smith, rep 3153 County Judge. W. P. Latham, peo 167 A. W. Rodecker, dem 3447 , „ , , t . „ . , Geo. C. Rider, rep 3466 19 County Superintendent of Schools. J. W. Barnes, dem 3013 County Clerk. W. R. Lackland, rep 3437 424 Lot Bergstressor, dem 3476 74 W. B. Dunbar, peo 178 ELECTION NOV. 3, 18)6. President. Bryan, dem 3736 ,33 McKinley, rep 3703 Congress. N. E. Worthmgton, dem 3680 J. V. Graff, rep 3727 47 State Senator. W. A. Moore, dem 3711 36 Edwards, rep 3675 Representative. L. C. Breeden, dem 5615% S .D. Beer, dem „ . . 5625 % J. Merriam, rep 5670 % J. W. Johnson, rep 5572 State's Attorney. G. W. Cunningham, dem 3800 113 Jerome Gilman, rep 3687 Circuit Clerk. A. L. Champion, dem 3798 116 Henry Clay, rep 3682 Surveyor. John R. Seibert, dem 3730 D. H. Jansen, rep 3753 23 County Superintendent of Schools, J. H. Sipe, dem 3694 J. L. Boling, rep 3803 109 Coroner. H. V. Bailey, dem 3785 96 Chas. Kuecks, rep 3689 ELECTION NOV. 8, 13D8. Congress. C. N. Barnes, dem 3493 150 John R. Seibert, dem J. V. Graff, rep 3343 D. H. Jansen, rep.... 3402 A. Pehrman, rep County Treasurer. G. W. Cress, dem 3737 616 P. E. Ripper, rep 3121 Sheriff. J. D. Mount, dem 3551 211 Jerome Clark, rep 3340 County Superintendent of Schools. W. P. Mavity, dem 3533 168 J. L. Boling, rep 3665 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1900. President. Bryan, dem 4048 91 McKinley, rep 3957 Congress. Jessie Black, Jr., dem 4184 318 J. V. Graff, rep ' . 3866 State Senator. W. A. Moore, dem 4070 126 TJ. J. Albertson, rep 3944 Representative. L. R. Vandeventer, dem 6064 191 John Hughes, dem 6077 204 J. W. Johnson, rep 5873 J. N. Onion, rep 5869 State's Attorney. G. W. Cunningham, dem 4163 285 Franklin Velde, rep 3878 Circuit Clerk. R. V. Howe, dem 4115 199 H. R. Dennis, rep 3916 Surveyor. 4049 67 3982 724 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 719 Coroner. Nathan Holmes, dem 4119 224 J. A. Anthony, rep 3895 Total number of votes cast 8297. ELECTION NOV. 9, 1902. Representative. Homer J. Tice, dem 9411 4186 John A. Petrie, rep 5191 Henry M. Elliott, rep 5225 County Judge. Jessie Black, Jr., dem 3761 731 J. O. Jones, rep 3030 County Clerk. Lot Bergstressor, dem 3563 377 F. T. Murray, rep 3186 Sheriff. Herman Becker, dem 3330 Robert Clay, rep 3458 128 Treasurer. J. E. Russell, dem 3555 359 Peter Strubhar, rep 3196 County Superintendent of Schools. W. P. Mavity, dem 3618 464 D. C. Hilling, rep 3164 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1904- President. Roosevelt, rep 4047 794 Parker, dem 3254 Swallow, pro 278 Socialist 108 Social Labor 22 People's 10 Governor. Charles S. Deneen, rep 3985 667 L. B. Stringer, dem 3318 Congress. J. V. Graff, rep 3974 691 Thos. Cooper, dem 3283 G. W. Warner, pro 275 State Senator. J. P. Moore, rep 3928 524 G. W. Cunningham, dem 3404 Henry Munson, pro 278 Board of Equalization. S. H. Beatty, rep 3993 093 Chas. H. Timmon, dem 3300 Representatives. Louis Zinger, rep 12296 W. S. Manny, dem 5184 J. J. Cook, dem 5158 Chas. E. Smoot, pro 793 G. W. Ballenger, peo 245 Circuit Clerk. J. E. Stout, rep 3584 R. V. Howe, dem 3781 197 James E. Millard, pro 245 State's Attorney. Charles Schaefer, rep 4028 605 J. M. Rahn, dem 3423 Coroner. J. M. Coleman, rep 3960 569 E. F. Kelchner, dem 3391 W. T. Griffith, pro 287 Surveyor. R. P. VanDusen, rep 3862 489 J. R. Seibert, dem 3373 James McDowell, pro 258 CHAPTER VII. OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. ORGANIZATION OF TAZEWELL COUNTY OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION — NUMBER AND NAMES OF ITS MEMBERS — NATIVITY AND POSTOFFICE ADDRESS — DATE OF COMING TO COUNTY WITH DATE OF DEATH OF DE- CEASED MEMBERS— ADDRESSES OF MR. JAMES HAINES AND REV. MR. MCVEY. The chief objects had in view in the organ- ization of the "Tazewell County Old Settlers' Association," some twenty years ago, were to promote acquaintance and friendship among those who had lived in the county forty years, thereby cementing the ties which have bound the pioneers of the county together during that period, and to keep an accurate record of the birth-place and age at which each came to the county, as well as the date of the death of those who have passed away. The organization was formed in Delavan in 1884, with Ira B. Hall, President, and C. L. Kingman, Secretary. About a dozen members formed the first organization. Among them were Ira Judy and wife, Mrs. Cheever, Jona- than Merriam and wife, Sarah Sturdyvin and 720 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. John H. Disbrow. The next year, Ira B. Hall was elected President and W. P. Copes, Sec- retary and Treasurer, which position he has held for nineteen years and is still in office. The same year, S. M. Woodrow was elected President and held the position about a year. Then Mr. Hall was elected to that office and held it for ten years. Mr. James Haines was then elected President and still holds the position. To become a member of this organization the constitution and by-laws were signed and the sum of 50 cents paid. The first assess- ment ever made was made this year (1904), and was 25 cents. , There were 768 members during the nine- teen years, 182 of whom have died, and there are on the roll, 587 members at the present time. At the annual meeting held at the Delavan Pair Grounds, Sept. 30, 1904, Mr. James Haines was re-elected President, and W. F. Copes, Secretary, and to whom the author is indebted for the roll of membership. The following is a list of all those who have at any time been members of this association with place of nativity and post office address. The first column of figures indicates the year of arrival in the county and the last the date of decease of those not now living. (The abbreviation — "Taz., 111." — means "born in Tazewell county." — Ed.): Alexander, Thos., Illinois, Pekin...l828 1901 Alfs, Gerd, Germany, Pekin 1848 Alfs, Mrs. Gerd, Germany 1848 1888 Alexander, Henry, Iowa, Boynton . . . 1849 Asher, W- M., Illinois, Armington.,1839 Asher, Mrs. W. M., Illinois, Arming- ton 1839 Allen, Lemuel, Virginia, Pekin 1839 Alexander, Henry Mrs., Missouri, Boynton 1875 Alexander, W. C, Indiana, Emden.1850 Alexander, W. C. Mrs., Indiana, Em- den 1850 Armstrong, John, Indiana, Stanford. 1848 Alexander, Thos. Mrs., Illinois, Pek- in 1836 Albright, D. A., Tennessee, Arming- ton 1842 Albright, D. A. Mrs., Tennessee, Armington 1845 Allen, Lemuel Mrs., Pekin 1894 Aston, William, Indiana, Emden 1853 Allen, Ralph Mrs., Illinois, Delavan. 1852 Arrington, Burrell.Virginia, Delavan. 1854 Arrington, Burrell Mrs., Ohio, Del- avan 1854 Ahrens, H. J., Illinois, Emden 1856 Ayers, Jot, Indiana, Pekin 1856 Allen, Ralph, Massachusetts, Dela- van 1867 Ail, Fred Mrs., Virginia, Green Val- ley 1850 Alfs, John, Illinois, Pekin 1855 Alfs, John Mrs., Illinois, Pekin 1862 Abbott, J., Illinois, Mackinaw 1862 Abbott, C.J. Mrs., Illinois, Mackinaw. 1858 Albertsen, U. J., Germany, Pekin... 1856 Albertsen, Mrs. U. J., Germany, Pek- in 1857 Ayers, J. U., Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. . . Augersten, M. E. Mrs., Illinois, Pek- in 1850 Bowlby, Chas., New Jersey, Green Valley 1852 Brown, Rebecca, Ohio, Pekin 1827 Brown, Millner, Delavan 1890 Briggs, E., Massachusetts, Delavan. 1840 Brookins, Mrs., Pekin ; , Bennett, E., Emden Boyer, John P., Ohio, Green Valley. 1839 Beck, Leonard A., Pennsylvania, Pekin 1846 Barnum, Albert Mrs., Delavan Bates, Wm. H, Ohio, Pekin 1858 Bates, Wm. H. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. .1843 Briggs, Uriah, Delavan 1893 Briggs, Uriah Mrs., Delavan Black, Wm., Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1854 Black, Wm. Mrs., Illinois, Green Val- ley 1854 Black, Jesse, Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1854 Black, Jesse Mrs., Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1854 Brawner, Wm. H, Kentucky, Del- avan 1833 Brawner, Wm. H. Mrs., Kentucky, Delavan 1831 1893 Bailey, Edward, Illinois, Pekin 1843 Bailey, Edward Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.1845 HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 721 Bowlby, George, Ohio, Green Valley. 1852 Bailey, J. G., New Hampshire, Del- avan 1853 Bailey, J. G. Mrs., New Hampshire, Delavan 1 853 Brokaw, A. B., New Jersey, Green Valley 1855 Brokaw, A. B. Mrs., New Jersey, Green Valley 1851 Bailey, Wm. V., Illinois, Delavan. . .1831 Bailey, Wm. V. Mrs., Delavan Brereton, Edward P., Delaware, Pek- in 1834 Brereton, Edward P. Mrs., Pekin... Barr, Joseph, Taz., 111., Pekin 1831 Bartzfield, Jacob, Indiana, Manito. . .1840 Byers, A. J., Ohio, Hopedale 1850 Byers, A. J. Mrs., Ohio, Hopedale. 1850 Bowlby, Geo., Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1850 Bennett, Theodore, Taz., 111., Macki- naw 1838 Bennett, Theodore Mrs., Taz., 111., Mackinaw 1847 Bradway, Stephen, New York, Del- avan 1832 Berry, James, Virginia, Green Val- ley 1837 Bever, J. S., Indiana, Delavan 1849 Bever, Samuel, Ohio, Hopedale. ... . .1849 Barger, Dr. Rob't M., Illinois, Hope- dale 1842 Brighton, N. C, Indiana, Hopedale. 1857 Brighton. N. C. Mrs., Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1837 Britton, D. W., Virginia, Hopedale. 1850 Britton, D. W. Mrs., Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1849 Bennett, Michael, Taz., 111., Tremont.1835 Bowlby, Chas. Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1849 Bequeaith, Maria Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1840 Boyer, D. W., Illinois, Green Valley. 1850 Bowlby, Ellis, Green Valley 1850 Ballard, W. W., Taz., 111., Arming- ton 1842 Ballard, W. W., Indiana, Armington.1840 Bailey, Gilman Mrs., Taz., 111., Del- avan 1851 Barnes, Jno., Manito 1835 Barnes, Jno. Mrs., Manito 1850 1890 1897 1897 1895 1902 1894 1894 1900 1901 Bishop, Geo., Taz., 111., Normal 1840 Bequeaith, Emeline Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1836 Burns, Jno. T., Maryland, Green Val- ley 1857 Burns, Jno. T. Mrs., Ohio. Green Val- ley 1848 Ball, A. "W., New Jersey, Delavan. 1851 Ball, A. W. Mrs., New Jersey, Del- avan 1851 1892 Brereton, Jas., Maryland, Pekin. .. .1835 Bailey, Bennett, Ohio, Pekin 1844 Bailey, Bennett Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.1845 Barnett, K. S. L., Ohio, Green Val- ley 1853 1900 Barnett, K. S. L. Mrs., Ohio, Green Valley 1852 Boyer, Jno, P. Mrs., Ohio, Green Val- ley 1849 Burt, John, Kentucky, Minier ..,..1832 Burt, John Mrs., Kentucky, Minier. 1840 Brooks, P. T., Kentucky, Stanford. .1829 Brooks, P. T. Mrs., Ohio, Stanford.1830 1897 Bright, Charles, Illinois, Hopedale. 1850 Brown, A. L. Mrs., New York, Del- avan 1855 Bowlby, Ellis Mrs., Green Valley... Bequeaith, James, Taz., Ill 1853 Bequeaith, James Mrs 1860 Barnes, Wm. C, Illinois, Pekin 1830 1902 Bailey, Henry, Delavan Bailey, Henry Mrs., Illinois, Delavan Belnfohr, Mary W. Mrs., Germany, Pekin 1854 Briggs T. B. Lieut', Rhode Island, Delavan 1845 Boles, John, Pennsylvania, Boynton.1853 Burton, C. C, Taz., 111., Delavan. . .1854 Burton, C. C. Mrs., Taz., 111., Dela- van 1860 Brenner, Joseph, Illinois, Manito. .. .1851 Brenner, Joseph Mrs., Ohio, Manito. 1854 Boyer, Thos., Ohio, Green Valley. . .1849 Brereton, Ellen Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin Brawner, Edward, Taz., 111., Delavan. 1851 Brawner, Edward Mrs., Taz., 111., Del- avan 1858 Bergstressor, Lot, Pennsylvania, Pekin 1850 Bergstressor, Lot Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1840 Boyer, David Mrs., Illinois, Green Valley HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Bastian, Mary Mrs., Pekin 1852 Buhler, Margaret, Germany, Dillon. 1855 Byers, W. H., Ohio, Hopedale Berry, John, Ireland, Delavan 1848 Berry, John Mrs., New Jersey, Del- avan 1852 Bennett, D. J., Ohio, Tremont Bennett, D. J. Mrs Black, A. N., Illinois, Pekin 1861 Black, A. N. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1886 Boyle, Martin, Illinois, Tremont. .. .1858 Boyle, Joana, Illinois, Tremont 1857 Becker, Herman, Tremont, Pekin.. 1860 Becker, Herman Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1903 Brecher, Jacob, New York, Grove- land 1854 Brecher, Jacob Mrs., New York, Groveland : 1850 Bohlander, John, Illinois, Pekin 1859 Bohlander, John Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. Briggs, Jesse K., Illinois, Hartsburg.1848 Briggs, Jesse K. Mrs., New York, HartsDurg 1849 Bernhausen, Geo., Germany, Pekin.. 1856 Copes, W F., Illinois, Pekin 1828 Copes, W. F. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1832 1903 Copes, George, Illinois, Pekin 1835 1895 Cassaday, Thos. J., Illinois, Green Valley 1843 Cassaday, Thos. J. Mrs., Illinois, Green Valley 1855 Clements, J. T., Illinois, Green Val- ley 1839 Clements, J. T. Mrs., Ohio, Green Valley 1852 Caswell, Wi S., Delavan 1903 Cooper, Thos., Ohio, Pekin 1844 Chance, Lee, New Jersey, New Hol- land 1848 Chance, Lee Mrs., New Jersey, New Holland 1848 Campbells, J. R., Taz., 111., Tremont. 1829 1893 Campbells, J. R. Mrs., Tremont. . . . Cobean, Wm„ Delavan 1849 Cobean, Wm. Mrs., Delavan 1847 Cole, H H., New York, Pekin 1850 Crosby, E. H. Mrs., Illinois, Delavan.1840 Champion, Alfred G., Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1837 Champion, Alfred G. Mrs., Ohio, Green Valley 1850 1895 Crittenden, L. E., New York, Pekin. 1845 Coats, John, Ireland, Green Valley. 1840 1893 Carter, J. R., Tennessee, Delavan. .1852 Carter, J. R. Mrs., Tennessee, Del- avan 1852 Cottingham, James, Taz., 111., Tre- mont 1836 Clark, C. W., Virginia, Hopedale. . .1837 Clark, C. W. Mrs., Illinois, Hope- dale 1829 Champion, Catherine Mrs., Virginia, Green Valley 1834 Cogdall, E. M., Illinois, Manito. . .1836 Cogdall, E. M. Mrs., Indiana, Manito.1845 Connell, J. H., Ireland, Delavan 1824 1903 Colgan, Lucy, Taz., 111., Pekin 1846 Campbell, James, Kentucky, Manito. 1852 Cohenour, John, Ohio, Pekin 1842 1899 Cohenour, John Mrs., Ohio Cutler, C. A., Taz., 111., Pekin 1839 Copes, Ira, Taz., 111., Green Valley. 1856 Copes, Ire, Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1855 Cummings, C. B., New York, Pekin.1859 1904 Cummings, C. B. Mrs., New York, Pekin 1859 Cooper, Jesse B., Ohio, Pekin 1855 Cooper, Jesse B., Mrs., Ohio, Pekin. 1855 Curran, W. R., Ohio, Pekin 1857 Curran, W. R. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. Clay, Henry, Illinois, Pekin 1854 Clay, Henry Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. Curtiss John, New Jersey, San Jose.1857 Curtiss, John "Mrs., Pekin, San Jose Charlton, Chas., Ireland, Pekin 1873 Charlton, Chas. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1850 Champion, A. L., Illinois, Pekin... 1860 Champion, A. L. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1860 Champion, Thos., Illinois, Pekin. .. .1835 Champion, Thos. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.1840 Crawford, James, Ohio, Green Val- ley Crawford. James Mrs., Green Valley. 1903 Clements, T. J., Illinois, New Hol- land 1839 Clements, T. J. Mrs., Ohio, New Holland 1834 Critenden, Mrs., Pekin 1845 Clements, F. T.. Illinois, Green Val- ley 1851 Clay, Henry, Illinois, Pekin 1856 Clay, Henry Mrs., Illinois, Pekin... 1859 Crowley, James, Illinois, Pekin Crowley, James Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. Davis, Seborn. Ohio, Hopedale 1828 1900 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 723 Dillon, Cyrus, Illinois, San Jose 1830 Dix, John, Virginia, Green Valley . . . 1853 Davis, Thos., Illinois, Tremont 1831 Drake, Edward, New York, Delavan.1853 1893 Darling, b S., New York, Green Val- ley 1855 Darling, S. S., Taz.. 111., Green Val- ley 1835 Drake, C. J., New Jersey, Green Val- ley 1834 1904 Drake, C. J. Mrs., New Jersey, Green Valley 1850 Dalcher, Phillip S., Taz., 111., Pekin.1850 Dillon, L J. and wife, Taz., 111., San Jose 1842 Davison, Geo. W., Pennsylvania, Armington 1846 Davidson, Samuel, Indiana, Emden.1850 Davidson, Samuel Mrs., Illinois, Em- den 1836 Dowdel, Moses, Illinois, Pekin 1845 1901 Davern, J. P., Germany, Hopedale.,1850 1894 Dills, T. H., Armington 1834 Dills, T.tH. Mrs., Taz., 111., Arming- ton 1828 Dillon, Anna J., Ohio, Delavan 1828 Drury, O. M., New York, Delavan. 1837 Drury, O. M. Mrs., Tennessee, Del- x avan i 1851 Davis, Thos. Mrs., Taz., Co., Tre- mont 1836 1897 Dixon, E., Iowa, Armington 1855 Darnell, J. M., Illinois, Stanford. . ..1833 Dean, A., Pennsylvania, Green Val- ley 1854 Dean, W. W., Pennsylvania, Teheran. 1854 Dills, J. A., Taz., 111., Armington 1852 Dills, J. A. Mrs., Illinois, Arming-. ton i Davis, A. J., Taz., 111., Tremont 1830 Daugherty, J. W., Delaware, Wash- ington 1857 1891 Davis, E. D., Kentucky, Mackinaw. 1830 De Yo, Ohio, Astoria, Ore Edds, Wm. T., Illinois, Pekin 1827 1896 Eakin, R. S., Illinois, Manito 1827 1897 Eads, B. F., Taz., Co, Delavan 1839 Eads, Wm., Tremont 1830 1902 Ehrlicher, Geo. Mrs., Germany, Pek- in ...1852 1904 Evans, S. C, Mrs., Illinois, F'ekin . . . 1841 1904 Evans, Henry, Illinois, Pekin 1859 Evans, Henry Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.1861 Erchelberger, Peter, Germany, Hope- dale Erchelberger, Peter, Mrs., Germany, Hopedale Edworthy, J. W., Illinois, Manito. . .1844 Ehrlicher, Joanna, Mrs 1850 Fisher, Nathan C, Taz., 111., Dillon. Fisher Stephen, Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1834 Fanning, Michael, Ireland, Boynton.1837 1900 Finney, M. E., Maryland, Peoria. . ..1871 Finney, Michael E. Mrs., Ohio, Pe- oria 1847 Frank, J. J., Germany, Delavan 1850 Fossett, J. B., Illinois, Armington. .1833 Forbes, John S., Ohio, Armington. . .1842 Forbes, John S. Mrs., Ohio, Arming- ton 1860 Fisher Stephen, Mrs., Taz., 111., Hopedale Fisher, Sarah A. Mrs. Illinois, Manito 1838 Franks, Wm., Kentucky, Pekin ....1834 Frazee, Almeda, New Jersey, Green Valley 1851 Frazee, Edwin, New Jersey, Green Valley 1850 Frazee, Edwin, Mrs., New Jersey, Green Valley 1850 Foreman, John, Ohio, San Jose.... 1850 Frey, John, Germany, Pekin 1851 Frey, John Mrs. Germany, Pekin. .. .1855 Fisher, F. L., Pennsylvania, Pekin.. 1850 Fisher, F. L. Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin Fitzgerald, John, Taz., 111., Pekin.. 1857 Fitzgerald. John Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin . 1875 Flixenheir, Michael, Germany, Dela- van , 1857 Flixenheir, Michael Mrs., Germany, Delavan 1857 Fisher, A. A., Mrs., Hopedale 1850 1901 Fisher, A. A. Hopedale 1850 Fisher, A., New Jersey, Green Valley 1850 Fisher, A. Mrs., New Jersey, Green Valley 1855 Fleming, 'Win., Illinois, Delavan 1856 Gaither, Wm., Maryland, Pekin 1836 1892 Gaither, Wm. Mrs., Maryland, Pekin. 1836 Grant, C. H., Massaschusetts, Dela- van 1837 Gainer, Martin, Germany, Minier . . . 1849 724 HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. Gainer, Martin Mrs., Illinois, Minier.1849 Greeley, Geo. W., New Hampshire, Groveland 1836 1897 Griffin, J. A., Illinois, Armington. . .1844 Griffin, J. A. Mrs., Michigan, Arming- ton 1837 Gilchrist, J., Illinois, Lincoln 1857 Gardner, Daniel, Ohio, McLean Sta.1841 Griffin, Wilson, Illinois, San Jose,.. 1835 Griffin, J. S., Taz., 111., Green Valley. 1851 Griffin, J. S. Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley Gordon, John, Taz., 111., Minier, 1843 Gordon, John Mrs. Taz., 111., Minier,. Gearien, D. F., Illinois, Tremont. . .1848 1900 Griffin, Wilson Mrs., Illinois, Mason City 1850 Gamherlin, J. A., Pennsylvania, Ar- mington 1853 Gamherlin, J. A., Mrs., Illinois, Ar- mington 1855 Garber, Samuel, Pennsylvania, Em- den, 1843 Gathercole, John, England, Pekin.. 1854 Gathercole, John Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1834 Gehhardt, A. M. Mrs., Taz., 111. .Green Valley 1839 1901 Gephardt, A. M., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1848 Goodwin, Isaac, Taz., 111., Pekin. .. .1855 Griffin, J. N., Tennessee, Mason City 1845 Griffin, J. N. Mrs.. Ohio, Mason City 1850 Gray J. V., Ohio, Atlanta 1850 Hawley, N. C, Taz., 111., Pekin 1836 Hawkins, John, O, Virginia, Pekin. 1837 Hawkins, Jas. K., Taz., 111., Dillon. 1837 Hicks, Asa, Ohio, Hopedale 1837 Holmes, Richard, England, Delavan.1848 Holmes, Richard, Mrs., England, Del- avan Hiner, George, Illinois, Stanford. . .1831 Haines, James, Ohio, Pekin 1827 Haines, James, Mrs., Pennsylvania Pekin 1835 1889 Haines, Ansel, Ohio, Pekin 1827 1897 Hall, Ira B., Massaschusetts, Dela- van 1835 Hayward, J. L., Massaschusetts, Tre- mont 1836 Hayward, J. L., Mrs., Massaschusetts Tremont 1836 1895 Heaton, Thos., Ohio, Delavan 1852 Heaton, Thos. Mrs., Ohio, Delavan. .1844 1892 Hamson, John,' Ohio, Pekin 1835 1904 Hafliger, John, Germany, Dillon 1832 "1898 Hays, Ela, Illinois, Green Valley Houchin, Benj. R., Mason City 1850 Houchin, Benj. R. Mrs., Iowa, M&son City 1856 Houchin, John, Indiana, Mason City. 1850 Harris, B. H. Dr., New York, Grove- land 1835 1895 Hodson, Wm., Virginia, Hopedale. .1826 Hodson, Wm. Mrs., Virginia, Pekin. 1834 1899 Hodson, Ruben, Taz., 111., Hopedale. 1844 Hatfield, Stephen K., Peoria 1839 Hatfield, Stephen, K. Mrs., Peoria.. Harmon D. W., New York., Park- land 1843 Harmon, D. W. Mrs., Germany, Park- land ..1865 Houchins, A. J., Illinois, Mason City. 1850 Holmes Joseph, England, Delavan. .1848 Holmes, Joseph, Mrs., England, Dela- van 1848 1893 Hight, Stewart, Ohio, San Jose 1850 1900 Hight, Stewart, Mrs., Ohio, San Jose 1850 1900 Hiner, Mrs., M. A., Ohio, Delavan. .1852 HancocR, J. M., Illinois, Groveland . . 1852 Hancock, J. M'. Mrs., Illinois, Grove- land 1852 Hall, Ira B. Mrs., Rhode Island, Dela- van 1840 Holt, Wm., Ohio, Emden 1851 Haflinger, John Jr., Illinois, Dillon. .1840 Hawkins, John O, Mrs., Ohio, Pekin 1834 Horn, Jacob, Germany, Dillon. .|. .. .1856 Horn, Jacob Mrs., Germany, Dillon.. Hays, John, Ireland, Delavan 1851 1902 Hays, John, Ireland, Delavan 1851 Hodson, W. R. Mrs. Kentucky, Hope- dale 1826 Hainlein, S. B., Illinois, Hopedale. . .1842 Hild, Phillip, Germany, Sands 1852 Hild, Philip Mrs., Illinois, Sands 1856 Hess, James Mrs., Illinois, Delavan. 1849 Heckel, John, Germany, Pekin 1864 Heckel, John Mrs., Germany, Pekin. 1864 Hicks, P. Q Hill, John, Rhode Island, Mason City 1852 HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY 725 Hatcher, Henry, Illinois, Pekin 1844 Hainline, P. B., Illinois, Natrona. . .1840 Holmes, John, England, Delavan 1850 How, R. V., New York, Pekin 1864 How, Pi. V. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin 1860 Horn, George, Germany, Sands 1857 Horn, George, Mrs., Illinois, Sands.. 1860 Horn, Fred, Illinois, Pekin 1860 Hopkins, C. W., Rhode Island, Dela-. van 1856 Helman, Chrs., Germany, Tremont. .1857 Helman, Chrs. Mrs., Germany, Tre- mont 1859 Herr, Jacob, Germany, Pekin 1843 Herr, Jacob Mrs., Ohio, Pekin Hoffman, Phillip, Germany, Pekin.. 1855 Houter, E. L., Germany, Boynton. . .1862 Houter, E L. Mrs., Germany, Boyn- ton 1892 Hampson, Emma, Illinois, San Jose. 1850 Hawkins, Mary A, Illinois, Ohio 1835 Howari, M. E., Pekin Herget, Geo., Germany, Pekin 1853 Herget, Geo. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.. 1841 Inskipp, James, Ohio, Emden.. 1855 Inskipp, James Mrs., Ohio, Emden.. 1851 Justin, E. L., Germany, San Jose... 1848 Justin, E. L. Mrs., Germany, San Jose 1 844 Jacobs, A., San Jose James, O. H. P., Delavan Judy, Ira J., Taz., 111., Emden 1832 Judy, Ira J. Mrs., Taz., 111., Emden.. 1836 Judy, Daniel H., Taz., 111., Atlanta. .1829 Judy Michael, Taz., III., Armington. 1837 Johnson, P. F., Sweden, San Jose.. 1842 Johnson, Ramer, Germany, Green Valley 1852 Johnson, Daniel, Ohio, Tremont. .. .1850 Johnson, Daniel, Mrs., Iowa, Tre- mont 1853 Johnson, Margaret Mrs., Massachu- setts, Tremont 1848 Jacobs, A. Mrs.,. Germany, San Jose. 1851 Judy, H. C. Mrs., Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1S54 Johnson, Ramer, Mrs., Germany, Green Valley 1855 Ingoldsby, Mrs. N., Illinois, Delavan. 1832 Jaeckel, Mrs. J., Germany, Pekin... Jaeckel, Mary, Pekin 1901 1904 1898 1897 1903 1896 1899 1903 Kinsey, John, Taz., 111., Dillon 1830 Kinsey, John Mrs., Taz., 111., Dillon. 1834 1900 Keefer, Wm„ Taz., 111., Green Val- ley 1837 Knott, Wm., Ireland, Delavan 1849 1900 Kingman, Cyrus M., Taz., 111., Dela- van 1839 Kingman, Lucy Mrs., Ohio, Delavan. 1844 1902 Kirchert, Louis, Poland, Delavan,. .1848 Kingman, L. P., Virginia, Tremont. 1835 1896 Kingman, L. P., Mrs., Virginia, Tre- mont 1840 Kinsey, Milton, Ohio, Dillon 1843 Kinsey, Milton Mrs., Ohio, Dillon. .1853 Kumpf, Peter, New York, Pekin 1853 Kumpf, Peter Mrs., Ohio, Pekin.... Kraeger, John, Germany, Pekin. .. .1853 Kennel, Louisa Mrs., Illinois, 1854 Kidder, Z. B., Maine, San Jose 1847 Kraeger, John, Mrs., Germany, Pekin.1862 Keefer, "Wm. Mrs., Green Valley.... Kettenring, John, Mrs., Illinois, Pekin 1854 Kecks, Chas., Mrs., Pekin Kellogg, J. E., Ohio, Armington. . . .1855 King, Nathan, Massaschusetts, Har- ness : 1860 Kern, G. M., Illinois, Mason City,... 1848 Kern, G. M. Mrs., Indiana, Mason City 1856 Kampf, W. H., Illinois, Armington .. 1846 Kampf, W. H. Mrs., Illinois, Arming- ton 1862 Lawler, Ira, New Jersey, Green Val- ley 1850 1895 Lawler, Ira Mrs., Green Valley 1857 Leonard, Levi G^, Taz., 111., Tremont. 1836 Leonard, Levi G. Mrs., Massachu- setts, Tremont 1855 Lederer, Ignatz, Germany, Blooming- ton 1849 1901 Lawler, Benj., New Jersey, Green Valley 1855 1895 Levett, J. C, New Hampshire, San Jose 1849 Levett, J. C. Mrs., New Hampshire San Jose 1849 Laton, Wm., Maine, Delavan 1846 1903 Laton, Wm. Mrs., Maine, Delavan ..1829 Lantz, Nancy Mrs., Kentucky, Pekin. 1833 Landes, Geo., Taz., 111., Groveland. .1831 Lancaster, Thos., Taz., 111., Arming, ton ' 1849 ;sg HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Lancaster, Thos. Mrs., Kentucky, Ar- mington 1850 Lancaster, Mary Mrs., Kentucky, Ar- mington 1831 Lyons, Edward, Ireland, San Jose.. 1849 Lyons, Edward Mrs., Taz., 111., San Jose 1834 1893 Layman, Henry, Ohio, Green Val- ley 1837 Landrith, John, Taz., III., Manito. . .1827 1898 Larimore, Kate Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1842 Layman, Henry, Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1850 Leeds, B. S„ 111., Green Valley 1844 Leeds, E. S., Mirs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1844 Lee, Sarah, Iowa, Teheran 1850 Lancaster, J. M., Taz., 111., Arming- ton 1849 Lancaster, J. M. Mrs., Taz., 111., Ar- mington 1849 Landes, Geo. Mrs., Scotland, Grove- land 1843 Lester, Francis, Mrs., Virginia, Green Valley 1847 1895 Latham, H., New York, Manito 1846 Lawler, Helen M. Mrs., Taz., 111., Manito 1846 Lantz, F. D., Illinois, Pekin 1844 La Rosh, S. D., New York, Pekin... 1851 Luft, Catherine, Mrs., Germany, Dil- lon 1850 Lawler, Benj. Mrs., New York, Green Valley' 1855 1897 Laing, Win. H., New Jersey, Dela- van 1854 Luppen, Conrad, Taz., Co., Pekin. .. .1851 Luppen, Conrad Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. Lutz, Frederick, Germany, Sands. .1852 Lutz, Frederick Mrs., Taz., Co., Sands 1853 Laing, Wm. H. Mrs., Indiana, De- lavan 1857 Lock, Mary Mrs., Taz., 111., Peoria.. 1853 Leister, Sarah Mrs., Maryland, Green Valley 1854 Leonard, Allen, Mrs., Taz., 111., Tre- mont 1830 Larimore, John W., Taz., 111., Pekin. 1842 Livesay, C. W., Taz., 111., Minier 1845 Lock, Milton, Indiana, Peoria 1838 Larimore, Thomas, Virginia, Pekin. 1832 Larimore, Thomas Mrs., Ohio, Pekin. 1895 Lough, Noah, Mrs., Illinois, San Jose 1854 Linberger, John, New Jersey, Dela- van 1855 Linberger, John Mrs., New York, Delavar 1863 Leonard, E. A., Ohio, Tremont 1828 Leonard, E. A. Mrs., Taz., 111., Tre- mont 1836 Lohman, J. B., Taz., 111., Pekin 1854 Lohman, J. B., Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1855 Lautz, Henry, Germany, Pekin 1855 Lautz, Henry, Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin. 1854 Latham, George, Illinois, Green Val- ley 1866 Latham, George Mrs., Illinois, Green Valley 1858 Lamphier, A. L., New York, Delavan. 1849 1900 Laing, Almyra Mrs., New Jersey, Delavan 1 854 Lawton, Mary B., Rhode Island Delavan 1833 Lawton, Anna E., Illinois, Delavan. 1857 Lawton, Louis W., Delavan 1855 La Rash, Mrs., S.. New York., Pekin Martin, S. S., New York, Delavan. .1843 1S89 McMullen, Thos., Tremont McMullen, Thos. Mrs., Tremont McLean, David B., Ireland, Tre- mont 1837 Meigs, J. B. Dr., Manito 1835 Morehead, Jas., Ohio, Delavan 1854 Morehead, Jas., Mrs., Delavan Morse, E. G., New Hampshire, Tre- mont 1835 Morse, E. G., Mrs., Illinois, Tre- mont 1846 Meeker, D. B., New Jersey, Delavan. 1903 Meeker, D. B., Mrs., New Jersey, Del- avan McKinstry, John, Pennsylvania, Dela- van 1855 1893 Mount, Jasper, Taz., 111., Hopedale. .1844 Middleton, Elizabeth, Taz., 111., Pekin. 1840 Minier, Geo. W. Dr., Pennsylvania Minier 1837 1902 Minier, Geo. W. Mrs., Virginia, Min- ier 1836 1900 Miller, Joseph, Taz., 111., Circlevile. .1835 Milner, Wm., Pennsylvania, Delavan. 1828 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COLXTY. 72^ Mount, Ciayton, Kentucky, Delavan. 1832 Miller, T. J., 111., Armington 1848 Miller, Mary Mrs., Taz.. 111., Washing- ton 1837 Matthews, Wm., Virginia, Bloom- ington 1837 Meyers, Jacob, Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1848 1900 Miller, I. W., Ohio, Delavan 1852 Miller, I. W. Mrs., Indiana, Delavan. 1852 McLaughlin, Walter, Pennsylvania, Pekin 1850 McLean, D. B. Mrs., Indiana, Tre- mont 1849 Meeker, Moses, New Jersey, Pekin.. 1846 1891 Meeker, Moses, Mrs., Ohio, Pekin... 1846 1892 Meixell, Thares, Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1845 1900 Mount, E. J. Mrs., Taz., 111., Delavan. 1840 Mickle, John, Taz., 111., Emden 1834 Music, L, J.. Iowa, Emden 1846 McGinnis, John W., Tennessee, Ar- mington 184.3 McGinnis, John W. Mrs., Kentucky, Armington Miller, J. P., France, Washington. .1852 Meyers, Lucy Mrs., Virginia, Pekin. 1853 1900 Murray, F. T., Maryland, Pekin 1879 Murray, F. T. Mrs., New York, Pekin 1853 McKinstry, J. H., Pennsylvania, Dela- lavan, 1852 1895 McDowell, Kitty Mrs., Kentucky, Hopedale 1829 1894 McDowell, J. W., Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1841 1904 McCoy, A. Dr., Kentucky, Pekin 1851 1902 Moneymaker, S. Mrs., Ohio, Allen- town 1850 Meyers, Wm. Mrs., Illinois, Dillon. .1840 McLaughlin, W. Mrs., Pekin Mussleman, John, Ohio, Pekin 1851 Mussleman, John Mrs., New York, Pekin Miller, Wm., Taz, 111., Pekin 1857 Miller, Wm. Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin.. 1 861 Mount, Jno. D., Taz., 111., Delavan. .1859 Mount, Jno., D. Mrs., Taz., 111., Dela- van 1865 Morgan, A. R. Rev., Illinois Morgan, A. R. Rev. Mrs., Illinois McKibbsn E. C, Ohio, Groveland. .1849 McKibben, E. C. Mrs., Virginia Groveland 1853 Mell, E. J., Ohio, San Jose 1861 Mell, E. J. Mrs., Indiana, San Jose. 1851 Maus, Wm. Don, Pennsylvania, Pekin 1847 1901 McCoy, Wilson, Illinois, Delavan. . .1850 McCoy, Wilson, Mrs., Illinois Dela- van Meeker, John, Illinois, Pekin Meeker, John Mrs., Illinois, Pekhi. McMullen, R. A., Maryland, Hope- dale McMullen, R. A. Mrs., Illinois, Hope- dale 1825 McClure, A. B„ Illinois, Hopedale. . .1845 McLaughlin W. H., Illinois, Peoria. 1856 1904 Mefford, Geo. W., Pekin 1903 Munson, I. N., New York, Pekin 1861 Meyer, Jacob, Switzerland, Pekin. . Meyer, Jacob L., Illinois Noff singer, John, Germany, Minier . . Nichols, N. G., Massachusetts, Tre- mont 1841 Nichols, Edward F., Taz., 111., Dela- van 1840 Nicholas, Edward, F. Mrs., Taz., 111., Delavan 1846 Nieukirk, M. H., Taz., 111., Pekin 1840 Noffsinger, Peter, Germany, Hope- dale 1837 Nieukirk, Nathan Mrs., Pennsylvania, San Jcse Niedermeyer, F. J., Germany, Tre- mont 1854 1901 Neff , Mrs., Pekin Nine, F., Illinois, Emden 1862 Nine, F Mrs., Indiana, Emden 1852 Nemeyer, Catharine, Illinois, Pekin. . Nine, Daniel, Ireland, Delavan 1846 Neimeyer, Sam'l., Illinois, Pekin. .. .1863 Orendortf, D. W., Taz., 111., Hope- dale , ' 1828 Orendorff, D. W. Mrs., Ohio, Hope- dale 1900 Orendorff, Quintus, Taz., 111., Dela- van 1828 1904 Orendorff, Quintus Mrs., Rhode Island, Delavan 1852 1891 Orendorff, J. B., Illinois, Blooming- ton 1827 1901 Oswald, Wm., Maryland, Pekin 1854 1898 Orendorff, Jno. L., Illinois, Delavan. .1840 7? 8 HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Orendorff, Jno. L. Mrs., Rhode Island Delavau Oswald, Julia Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1855 Orendorff, Levi, Delavan 1899 Orr, Win., Virginia, Pekin 1835 Orr, Win. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin 1834 Orr, D. C, Virginia, Soldiers' Home. 1835 Penfleld, P. W., Taz., 111., Wallace. . .1843 Penfleld, F. W. Mrs., Wallace Phillips, J. B., Rhode Island, Dela- van 1846 Phillips Joseph, Taz., 111., Green Valley 1840 Phillips, Joseph Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1846 Puterbaugh, Jake, Taz., 111., Macki- naw Puterbaugh, Jake, Taz., 111., Macki- naw Preston, James, Ohio, Pekin 1852 Priddy, Benj., Virginia, Manito. . . .1829 Puterbaugh, D. W., Ohio, Mackinaw. 1839 Puterbaugh, D. W. Mrs., Taz., 111., Mackinaw , 1828 Prunty, J. Mrs., Kentucky, Delavan. 1840 Prunty, Thos.. Virginia, Tremont. . .1843 Phillips, Catherine, France, Pekin. .1832 Priddy, Frank, Taz., 111., Manito 1855 Powell, John B., Illinois, Armington.1834 Prettyman, Benj. S., Delaware, Pekin 1831 Prettyman, Benj. S. Mrs., Ohio, Pekin 1827 Patterson, Jos., Emden Paterson, Jos. Mrs., Emden Probasco, Sam'l, Mrs., Virginia, Hopedale 1840 Peek, John Mrs., Ohio, Armington. .1850 Peek, John, Kentucky, Armington. . .1850 Philips, John, Rhode Island, Delavan.1844 Purill, Mr., Virginia, Armington. .. .1844 Purill, Mrs., Ohio, Armington 1855 Prunty, Sarah Mrs., Taz., 111., Tre- mont 1824 Pickernell, M. Mrs., Massachusetts Tremont 1850 Pugh, W. D., Illinois, Peoria 1855 Pugh, W. D. Mrs., Illinois, Peoria. . . . Pugh, O. W., Ohio, Green Valley 1849 Pepper, Jno. W., Indiana Pepper, Jno. W. Mrs., Taz., 111., 1854 Petty, Aaron, Illinois, Green Valley. 1830 1897 Preston, S. C., Ohio, Minier 1868 1904 1899 1903 1903 1899 1901 1895 1893 1896 1901 1894 1900 1903 1901 Preston, S. C. Mrs., Taz., 111., Minier. 1849 Potts, John, Illinois, Pekin 1849 Potts, John Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1864 Parker, Algie, Illinois, Groveland . . . Paul, H. A. J., Tennessee, Boynton. .1850 Pettett, Wm, Illinois, Lincoln 1830 Petty Anderson, Illinois, Hopedale. . .1860 Peyton, E. A. Mrs., Maine, Pekin... 1840 Prettyman, R. M., Canada, Pekin.. 1860 Pettett, J., Pekin Prettyman, W. L., Pekin 1855 Plackett, Theo., Illinois, Green Val- ley 1845 Plackett, Theo. Mrs., Illinois, Green Valley 1850 Quisenberry, Allen, Kentucky, Ar- mington 1835 Rollins, Louis, Taz., 111., Tremont. .1851 Reed, Ephraim, Pennsylvania, Circle- ville 1850 Runyan, Enoch, New Jersey, Green- Valley 1850 Runyan, Enoch Mrs., New Jersey Green Valley 1850 Reed, Levi, Illinois, Pekin 1829 Reed, Levi Mrs., Illinois, Pekin Randolph, Ira, New Jersey, Green Valley 1856 Randolph, Ira Mrs., Illinois, Green Valley 1839 Rummel, Wm., Illinois, Emden 1837 Robinson, Josiah, San Jose Robinson, Josiah Mrs., San Jose.... 1837 Ruple, Martin, Virginia, Delavan. . . .1839 Roof, Wm. H., Ohio, Tremont 1855 Roof, Wm. H. Mrs., Taz., 111., Tre- mont 1843 Reed, W. W., Ohio, Delavan.... - 1839 Rulow, Caleb, Illinois, Delavan. .. .1830 Rulow, Caleb Mrs., Delavan Ranney, John, Rhode Island Hope- dale 1843 Reed, M. Mrs., Taz., 111., Delavan. . .1830 Roos, Jcbn, Pekin 1839 Roos, John Mrs., Pekin Rolfson, W. A., Taz., 111., Tremont .1822 Rolfson, W. A. Mrs., Tremont 1S36 Richmond, John A., Ohio, Mackinaw. 1830 Rollins, Luke, Taz., 111., Green Val- ley 1851 Rollins, Luke Mrs., Green Valley.... Reed, Mary Mrs., Illinois, Green Val- ley 1845 1900 1904 1896 1904 1904 1902 1904 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 729 Roney, s. Mrs., Ohio, Pekin 1837 Richards, M. S., Wisconsin, Delavan. 1840 Richards, M. S. Mrs., Indiana, Dela- van 1845 Ruple, Martin Mrs., Pennsylvania, Delavan 1 858 Richmond, Wilson, Armington Richmond, Wilson Mrs., Armington. Rider, Geo. C. Mrs., Pekin Ripper, Peter, Germany, Pekin 1863 Ripper, Peter Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin. 1853 Rupert, F. E., Taz., III., Pekin 1840 Rupert, F. E., Mrs., Indiana, Pekin. 1860 Rider, Geo, C, New York, Pekin. .. .1870 Randolph, Caroline Mrs., New Jersey Green Valley 1850 Roels, J. P., Pennsylvania, Boynton.1853 Roos, Henry, Germany, Pekin 1848 Roos, Henry Mrs., Missouri, Pekin. 1856 Reardon, Bryan, Ireland, Delavan... Reuling, Nicholas, Germany, Pekin. 1851 Reuling, Nicholas Mrs., Germany, Pekin 1852 Rhodes, Erastus, New Jersey Pekinl856 Rhodes, Erastus Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. 1833 Rapp, Jacob, Germany, Pekin 1860 Rapp, Jacob Mrs., Ireland, Pekin.. 1840 Reifenstahl, Chas., Germany, Pekin. 1857 Richie, A., Virginia, Stanford 1857 Randle, T. E., Illinois, Green Val- ley 1845 Randle, T. E. Mrs., Virginia, Green Valley Runner, Catherine, Illinois, Delavan. 1855 Schureman, Samuel, New Jersey, Normal 1860 Summers, Samuel, Taz., 111., Iowa,. Shanklin, M. Mrs.. Germany, Pekin. 1842 Smallwood, J. A., New Jersey Boyn- ton 1832 Smallwood, J. A. Mrs., Illinois, Boyn- ton 1823 Sherman, Mary, Ohio, Delavan 1844 Sparrow, F. G., Kentucky, Hopedale.1826 Smith, H. M., Taz., 111., Hopedale. .1837 Smith, H M. Mrs., Taz., 111., Hope- dale 1840 Soday, Zeph, Pekin Soday, Zcph Mrs., Pekin Scott, John, England, Delavan 1843 Scott, John, England, Delavan 1843 Stansberry, Wm., Ohio, Pekin 1847 1897 1903 1903 1901 1904 1890 1897 1902 1903 1898 1895 1896 1890 1904 Stansberry, Wm. Mrs., Connecticut Pekin 1847 1891 Steinmetz, Peter, Germany, Pekin. .1857 Sage, Abigail Mrs., Delavan 1837 Smith, Fred, Germany, San Jose... 1853 1901 Smith, Fred Mrs., Germany, San.... Jose 1853 1897 Shotwell, Anna Mrs., Kentucky, De- lavan 1857 Short, John, Virginia, Dillon 1854 1896 Samples, W. W., Illinois, Delavan. .1831 Suttor, Charles, Germany Hopedale. 1899 Sparrow, F. G. Mrs., Hopedale 1834 Short, John Mrs., Indiana, Dillon. . .1834 1899 Smith, Mary B. Mrs., Taz., 111., Chi- cago Sturdyvin, Mrs. Abraham, Illinois,.. Pekin 1840 Scriven, Schuyler, Illinois, Grove- land 1838 Shade, T B., Taz., 111., Delavan 1850 Shade, M., Delavan Stubbs, Arthur, England, Delavan. . .1848 Stubbs, Arthur Mrs., Kentucky, Dela- van 1858 Stiller, J. D., Maryland, Armington. 1835 Stiller, J. D. Mrs. Taz., 111., Arming- ton 1850 Sniffin, Nat, Taz., Ill 1841 Sniffin, Nat., Taz., 111., Peoria 1845 Short, James H., Virginia, Emden.,1852 Smalley, E. F., New York, Hopedale. 1853 Smalley, E. F. Mrs., New York, Hope- dale 1853 Sniffin, Geo. W., Illinois, Morton 1844 Sniffin, Geo. W. Mrs., Illinois, Morton. 1851 Summers, V. A., Emden 1851 Shulley, Michael, Ireland, Delavan. .1848 Stout, Isi'.ac, Pekin 1829 Smith, D. C, Germany, Pekin 1853 Short, Thos., Ohio, Boynton 1853 Slyter, C. W., Illinois, Green Valley. 1852 Scott, Geo., Delaware, Boynton. .. .1850 Seicrist, Christ, Pennsylvania, Dela- van 1855 1900 Seicrist, Christ, Mrs., Pennsylvania, Delavan 1855 Shotwell, J. D., New Jersey Delavan. 1853 Stuart, Henry, Taz., 111., San Jose.. Stuart, Henry, Taz., 111., San Jose.. 1897 Schenck, Wim. E., New Jersey, Pekin 1864 1899 1898 1903 1900 ;■;)(> HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Schenck, Emily Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekln 1846 1904 Schaefer, Fred, Germany, Pekin 1854 Slyter, B. W. Mrs., New Jersey, Green Valley 1856 Sturdy via, Allen, Illinois, Tremont.1839 Sipe, J. H., Pennsylvania, Tremont.1885 Slagel, W. P.. Mrs., Delavan Sapp, Dan, Kentucky, Pekin 1850 Sapp, Dan, Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin.... Stout, J. E., Taz., 111., Pekin 1857 Stout, J. E. Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1858 1901 Schantz, Adam, Taz., 111., Pekin Schantz, Adam Mrs. Short, Paterson, Ohio, Emden 1854 Short, Paterson Mrs., Indiana, Em- den 1852 Sage, A. N., New York, Pekin 1855 1904 Sparks, J D., Illinois, Deer Creek... 1838 Sparks, J. D. Mrs., Illinois, Deer Creek 1853 Storms, Mary, Massachusetts, Dela- van 1856 Shurtleff, Lot, Illinois, Groveland. . .1830 Shurtleff, Lot Mrs., Ohio, Grove- land 1846 Slagle, N. P., New Jersey, San Jose. 1857 Slagle, N. P. Mrs., Missouri, San Jose 1860 Scott. Frank, Mrs., Illinois, Dillon.. 1856 Scott, Frank, Illinois, Dillon 1856 Smith, J. S., Kentucky. Dillon 1855 Smith, J. S., Mrs., Kentucky, Dillon. Swartz, Henry, France, Pekin 1855 Swartz, Henry Mrs., Germany, Pekin. 1850 Seibert, Wm, Pennsylvania, Pekin... 1847 Stickley, R. F., Virginia, Pekin 1849 Skelley, Catherine, New York, Pekin 1850 1903 Sweitzer, Peter, Illinois, Morton 1849 Sweitzer, Peter, Mrs., Ohio, Morton. 1849 Trowbridge, John, Pennsylvania, Green Valley 1833 1903 Thomas, I., Ohio, San Jose 1S52 Taggart, M. D. Mrs., Ohio, Pekin 1824 1900 Taylor, Wm., Ohio San Jose 1860 Trent, P. S., Kentucky, Manito 1830 1S93 Trinibal, Thos., Ireland, Tremont. . .1850 1893 Tiinibal, Thos. Mrs., Tremont 1850 Tyson, Thos., New York, McLean -Sta 1850 Taylor, B. W., Kentucky, Mason City 1851 Taylor, B. W. Mrs., Illinois, Mason City' 18*5 Turner, Andrew, Indiana, Atlanta. . .1830 Thomas, Lee, Ohio, Green Valley.. 1852 Thomas, Lee Mrs., Indiana 1852 Teft, E. C, Rhode Island, Delavan. .1841 Tompkins J. Q., Ohio, Hopedale 1848 Tollinger, Levi, Delavan Tuttle, James, Wisconsin", Delavan. .1855 Tripp, B. P., Rhode Island, Pekin... 1851 1902 Tripp, B. P. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin. .. .1860 Tuttle, Jesse, Ohio, Hopedale 1841 Turner, C. H., Illinois, Pekin 1859 Tharp, Lacy Mrs., Vermont, Pekin. .1850 Unland, E. F., Germany, Pekin 1845 Unland, E. F., Mrs., Germany, Pekin. 1845 Upham, J. H, New York, Delavan. . .1833 Upham, J. H. Mrs., New York, Dela- van I860 Unzicker, Jacob, Taz., 111., Hopedale. 1842 Volk, Geo. P., Germany, Pekin 1842 Van Devtnter, D., Tennessee, Dela- van 1831 1892 Van Deventer, D. Mrs., Delavan.... Varney, N. Mrs., Kentucky, Delavan. 1830 Volk, Nicholas, Germany, Pekin 1842 1901 Volk, Nicholas, Germany, Pekin 1830 Varner, Wm. H., Ohio, Groveland. . .1855 Viox, Ambrose, New York, Delavan. 1852 1895 Voth, Mrs. H., Germany, Pekin 1852 1902 Vaughn, Susan Mrs., Kentucky, Delavan 1837 Vetter, Geo., Germany, Pekin, 1852 Vetter, Geo., Mrs., Germany, Pekin.. 1852 Velde, John, Germany, Pekin 1849 Velde, John Mrs., Germany, Pekin. .1850 Vaupel, Christ, Germany, Pekin. .. .1857 Vaupel, Christ Mrs., Germany, Pekin. 1867 Voth, Henry, Germany, Pekin 1902 Van Biper, Edwin, New Jersey, San Jose 1853 Volk, Baltz, Germany, Pekin 1842 Vogelsang, Christian, Germany, Washington 1S52 Vogelsang, Christian, New York, Washington 1873 Woodrow, S. M., Taz., 111., Green Val- ley 1838 Woodrow, S. M. Mrs., 111., Green Val- ley Williams, James S., Virginia, Dela- van 1898 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 731 Wildhac'.i, John, Germany, Pekin...l849 Whitrnore, D. L., Delavan Whitmore, D. L. Mrs., Taz., 111., Dela- van 1834 Waltmire, C. W., Taz., 111., Green Valley Waltmlre, C. W. Mrs., Green Valley Woodruff, Jos., New York, Green Valley 1850 Wolford, M. P., Virginia, San Jose. 1856 Worstell, E. D., Ohio, Green Valley. 1851. Worstell, E. D. Mrs., Virginia, Green Valley 1851 Waltmire, Jerome, Switzerland, Dela- van 1840 Watkins, Watkin, Ohio, Delavan... White, Louis, Pennsylvania, Pekin.. 1851' Wilson, M. Mrs., Indiana, San Jose. 1849 Woodruff, Jos. Mrs., Ohio, Green Valley 1860 Wiseman, Abraham, Illinois, Dela- van 1833 Wiseman, Abraham Mrs., Taz., 111., Delavan 1832 Wagner, Cornelius, Taz., 111., San Jose 1845 Wakefield, Clark, Pennsylvania, San Jose Wakefield, Clark, Illinois, San Jose. Waltmire, Jerome Mrs., Ohio, Dela- van 1829 Wilson, Rebecca, Mrs., Ohio, Mason City ...1826 Wilson, Nathan T., Taz., 111., Pekin.1829 Wakefield, James, Pennsylvania, Lin- coln 1840 Waugler, Joe, Ohio, Tremont 1848 Wagoner, Wm, New Jersey, Manito.1837 Wyatt, Sarah E. Mrs., Taz., 111., Pekin 1851 Watts, Mary, Kentucky, Delavan. . .1840 Westendorff, Wm., Germany, Hope- dale 1852 Westendorff, Wm., Mrs., Indiana, Hopedale 1851 Williams, W. J., Taz., 111., Delavan. .1852 Waters, Susan Mrs., Virginia, Pekin. 1840 Wood, James, England, Pekin 1852 Williams, J. S. Mrs., New Jersey, Del- avan 1852 Wilcox, Clara Mrs., Ohio. Towanda Kan 1853 1904 1903 1902 1892 1896 1903 1897 1895 1904 1893 1904 1904 1902 1900 Woodrow, Hugh, Illinois, Green Val- ley 1850 Woodrow, Hugh Mrs., Taz., 111., Green Valley 1856 Wyman, L. New York, Mason City.1856 Watts, Thos. J., New Jersey, Green Valley 1849 Wilson, H. L., New Jersey, San Jose. 1855 Weber, Nic, Germany, Pekin 1851 Weber, Nic. Mrs., Germany, Pekin.. 1853 Weyrich, Adam, Germany, Sands... 1852 Weyrich, Adam Mrs., Illinois, Sands. . Weyrich, Peter W., Germany, Sands. 1852 Weyrich, Peter W. Mrs., Germany, Sands Weyrich, Phillip, Germany, Sands.. 1852 Weyrich, Phillip Mrs., Illinois, Sands. 1841 Wildhaclv, John Mrs., Germany Pekin 1847 Wilson, Stewart, Ohio, Green Valley. 1855 1902 Wilson, Stewart, Illinois, Green Val- ley 1865 Whiteford. Edw., Ohio, Manito 1857 Waldron, James, Illinois, Pekin 1840 Waldron, James Mrs., Ohio, Pekin. 1860 Warner, E. G., Illinois, Manito 1861 Warner, E. G. Mrs., Manito 1867 Woost, W. H. C, Germany, Pekin.. 1856 1903 Woost, W. H. C. Mrs., Germany, Pekin 1859 Worley, New Jersey, Pekin White, W H., Pennsylvania, Pekin. 1851 Wines, J. Wl, New Jersey, Green Valley 1857 Wagler, Isaac, Ohio, Groveland 1848 Wagler, Isaac Mrs., Illinois, Grove- land Worley, R M., Ohio, Pekin 1853 Worley, R. M. Mrs., Illinois, Pekin.. 1848 Whiteford, J. H., Ohio, Pekin 1857 Whiteford, J. H., Illinois, Pekin 1860 Whitemore, D. L., New Jersey, Dela- van Wilson, W. T., Kentucky, Deer Creek 1850 Wilson, W. T. Mrs., Illinois. Deer Creek 1840 Williams, S. M. Mrs., Ohio, Hopedale. 1843 Young, John S., Mrs., Ohio, Pekin.. 1818 1901 Yeazell, Wm., 111., Hopedale 1849 Young, Theo. S., Taz., 111., Pekin Young, Theo. S., Mrs., Pekin Young, David, Taz., 111., Pekin HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Young, David, Mrs., Taz., III., Pekin Zerwekh, G. J., Ger., Pekin 1854 Ziprich, Henry, III., Pekin 1852 Zinger, Louis, Ger., Pekin 1855 At the annual meeting held in 1904 at the Delavan Fair grounds, the secretary read the list of members who are entitled to the "Deep Snow", or white badge, namely — those who came to Tazewell county, or were born here, prior to 1830. The list follows: Mrs. Rebecca Brown, Pekin, 1827. Joseph Barr, Pekin, 1830. W. F. Copes, Pekin, 1828. Mrs. T. H. Dills, Armington, 1828. Anna J. Dillon, Delavan, 1828. A. J. Davis, Delavan, 1830. James Haines, Pekin, 1827. E. D. Davis, Mackinaw, 1830. John Kinsey, Dillon, 1830. Mrs. William Layton, Delavan, 1829. Mrs. Allen Leonard, Tremont, 1830. Mrs. A. C. Leonard, Tremont, 1828. R. A. McMullen, Hopedale, 1830. Quine Orendorff, Peoria, 1828. Mrs. D. W. Puterbaugh, Mackinaw, 1828. Caleb Bulong, Delavan, 1830. W. A. Roelfsen, Tremont, 1822. Mrs. J. A. Smallwood, Boynton, 1823. Andrew Turner, Atlanta, 1830. D. J. Bennett, Tremont, 1827. From an address delivered on this occasion by Rev. Win. Pitt McVey, pastor of the Eng- lish Methodist Episcopal church in Pekin, the following extracts are taken: "Behind me on this platform are two thous- and years of experience; time enough, if set end on end, to embrace all the hopeful prog- ress of mankind. For it is only within the last nineteen hundred years that humanity has begun its upward march. "With so much experience around me, I feel no hesitation in carrying your thoughts back- ward for a period of three hundred years. The Idea of liberty is the fundamental conception and basal element in our American civiliza- tion: we see it making our history, through five distinct periods. The first of these be- gan when the desire for religious liberty sent the Pilgrim Fathers across the stormy Atlan- tic. Impelled by the same desire came the Huguenots from France. Thus the past pio- neer stock among the founders of the country was derived from the instinct of liberty. "The second period centers in the revolu- tionary times; when the fathers declared that all men are created free and equal; that tax- ation without representation was tyranny. Af- ter seven long years of war, three millions of people armed in the holy cause of liberty proved that they were invincible by any force that their enemies could send against them. "Then the American people entered upon the third phase of their history, which more intimately concerns the old settlers. It was that marvelous floodtide of emigration which swept over the crested Alleghanies, across the fertile lands of these central states; surged be- yond the great plains to the west against the foothills of the Rockies, and gathering itself for a mighty movement over-topped their lof- ty peak?, and at last mingled its tide with the mighty waters of the Pacific. "Consider the hardships of these pioneers across almost trackless wilds, exposed to dan- gers from savage beasts and more savage men — the toil with which they built their homes, cleared the fields which now blossom with stately mansions and fair cities. "Consider also the elements of character which were involved in this movement. First of all physical stamina to endure the toilsome, arduous life; secondly, courage and will* to break home ties and venture into the un- known. Again, they possessed splendid con- fidence in themselves, for they relied only up- on their strong fight arms and clear brains to win again all that they had relinquished. They carried in themselves the elements of civilization; each man was to be his own farm- er, mechanic, tradesman, doctor and school- master. A picked race, I say — .so that it is not wonderful that, within a radius of five hun- dred miles of this spot, dwells, all in all, the greatest people that have ever trod the planet. "But we pass on to consider the fourth per- iod of liberty — the great civil war; the Titanic struggle for the emancipation of a race, for the maintenance of the republic, to prove to all the world that a nation conceived in lib erty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created free and equal had in it the elements of long life. Well do we know the story of that great struggle and greater HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 733 victory, for it is written on the tablets of the nation's heart. "We are living in the fifth period of our national life, when those burdened of existence are urging the question of liberty, of home and a reasonable freedom from overwork and anx- iety. However wrong in method, they are in- dubitably right in the substance of their de- mand. I do not presume- to say how this prob- lem will be solved, but of this I am persuaded: that the spirit of liberty, which has won the victories of the past and has never flinched from the great problems, will some day find the answer, and the spirit of peace and free- dom shall fill the land from end to end." We are pleased to make the following ex- tracts from on address by Mr. James Haines, of Pekin, delivered on Old Settlers' Day, in August, 1899, at their annual meeting on the Delavan Fair Grounds. This address breathes so much of lofty sentiment, and is so replete with the spirit of reminiscence with which our old settlers today are so richly endowed, that we think the selection will be highly appreci- ated, by old and young alike: "Old Settlers' Day is mainly devoted to re- calling the scenes of pioneer times. The per- iod of arrival and location in the new coun- try closely allied with vivid events of the tedi- ous journey accomplished by old fashioned and nearly forgotten means of transportation, stands first on memory's page. "Strong and roughly-built wagons, surmount- ed by Pennsylvania-fashioned beds, closely covered by heavy tow-linen cloth, woven from flax, home-grown and manufactured entirely by members of the family in Ohio, composed the ark, car or moving house or home, that transported the 'new-comers' to the r Dillon Settlement.' Tazewell County, Illinois. "These wagons so equipped were drawn by horses or oxen, and sometimes by both, joint- ly, when heavily loaded — a span or pair of horses being used in the lead, and a yoke of oxen being hitched next the wagon; and sometimes two or three yokes of oxen were required to draw a very heavy wagon and its load. Traveled roads and bridges were unknown to the first comers, of course, and for many years after only wagon tracks left in the spongy soil guided 'movers' to the un- bridged fords or best crossing of streams, sloughs ci swamps. Plentiful and continuous rains of spring and fall, thawing out the frozen ground, or when only slightly frozen, made conditions of travel quite impossible to imagine now, with our graded and graveled roads, with iron and stone bridges wherever needed; and the memory of mud, slough, swamp and impassable stream, seem like fab- les or unreliable dreams to us now. All diffi- culties of the trip from the starting point, (in our case Butler County, Ohio), to the destina- tion or accepted location, (Dillon Settlement with us), being endured and overcome, next followed f choice of a new home in the newly found promised land. "We seek a new home. 'But,' says some t«nderfoot traveler of this palace-car by day, and sleeping-coach by night railroad-time, 'had you no troubles, accidents, sufferings and pains, during this long six weeks' struggle with the wilderness, swamps and streams and cold of the bleak, frosty autumn running far into the cheerless blasts of November?' "But we had bidden farewell to the old home, wo must find a new one. "Some bright flashes of memory lighten the gloom of that long, toilsome journey. Boy of only five years old then, I well remember the first wild deer brought into camp for food! It was a fine fat buck of four prongs. Camp had been made and November twilight was gath- ering fast, but rashers of venison from that buck's saddle soon smoked and sputtered on the coals, and joined their appetizing odors with the boiling coffee pot, and the feast that followed in that forest bivouac far outranked in joy and gladness Belshazzar's royal ban- quet, and no fateful handwriting marred its progress or paralyzed all guests with fear at its conclusion. "Impassable sloughs and more treacherous swamps compelled long detours to circumvent their impediment to a direct route. Swollen, ferryless, bridgeless streams barred our pas- sage except by waiting until they fell to a fordable stage, or by constructing dugouts or rafts of dry logs to transport ourselves and goods over them, dragging the empty wagons through the raging floods and compelling the live stock to swim. "Arrived on the hither shore, wagons re- loaded and the caravan reorganized, forward march was sounded; or, if too late in the day, camp was made, stock coralled in some way, !*■ '"> I, i o-t HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUXTY and all souglit rest, with hooting owl for lulla- by, or howling wolf to frighten the timid. O, tenderfoot man, or too softly nurtured woman of our present effeminate civilization and com- fort, do you shudder at this picture and fear for the safety of our repose? Possibly the winds howled, too, and the rain and sleet "froze as they fell" and "The trees, their giant branches tossed Against a dark and frowning sky," above our tents and covered wagons, but peace and trust reigned therein. "We find a new home. Our long journey came to a close just as winter began to set in. Fortunately for us, a vacant cabin in the Dillion Settlement afforded temporary shelter till the February following. By that time my father had located a claim and built a cabin en it by help of all the male members of the family old enough to work. "This was (and is) situated three miles southeast of 'Town Site' then, Pekin now. About this log cabin, its wild vicinity and in- cidents connected therewith, cluster all the sweet memories of my childhood, youth and early manhood; and in common with all pres- ent, as 10 these mornings of life, come as their fullest, sweetest, expression of recall the words of an early American poet: "How dear to our hearts are the scenes of our childhood, As fond recollection presents them to view; The prairie, the hilltop, the deep tangled wild- wood, And every loved spot that our infancy knew." "The cabin — our home— ,was rude in con- struction, as all buildings of that period neces- sarily had to be. There was not a nail, or screw, or bolt, or scrap of iron used in any part of it, or any tin or metal attached to it. No glass could be obtained for window, door or transom, or sky light. Containing only one room below, of 16 by 18 feet, an upstairs room, loft or garret, of more limited dimen- sions, as the sloping roof greatly curtailed the area of height sufficient for erect occupation and use. Within these two rooms, father, mother and eight children, then at home, found ample accommodation and happy en- tertainment throughout the circling year of summer's heat and winter's cold. Within these two rooms of circumscribed size and height we found all the pleasures and joys now distribu- ted by modern civilization, refinement and the best society over habitable house-territory des- ignated in part by hospitable fashion as: Hall, reception room, sitting-room, parlor, double parlor, music room, bed room, guest room, chambers, ad libitum, library, — generally small, and few books — dining room, store room, china closet, kitchen, laundry, lavatory, bath room, servant's room, etc., etc. "In fact, memory supplies no limit to the capacity of the old settlers' cabins, to give room and hospitality to all friendly comers, and would-be guests. Not for a few brief min- utes of hasty inquiry and question as to re- sults of the last card party, dance or ball, and if baby slept well during its mother's neces- sary attendance on these functions of fashion in the present time. No; bless the memory of visiting and hospitality of good old log-cab- in days, time was the essence of enjoyment, jollity and fun; and a visit meant nothing short of a whole day, including the night, when story and song and game could be shared in by all, after the day's work or hunt brought the entire family and guests together; "So flowed on this simple, happy life in the new-comers' homes, till many years greatly multiplied their number throughout this "Prairie Land," as our part of Illinois had then won that name. "Call to mind the many quilting, carpet-rag sewing, apple-paring, pumpkin-peeling frolics, made by the girls and matrons; the corn shuckings, wood choppings, rail splittings, house and barn raisings by boys and men; wild berrying, nutting and many other par- ties made and joined in by male and female of all ages — and sparking opportunities were plenty. "And then, over and above all, and better than all other opportunities for sparking, love-making and falling in love with each other, came the annual Methodist camp meeting. Blessings on the memory of these rude, wild, exciting _ camp meetings! Organized by the religious element in gqod men and women of that illiterate period, when nearly all the books known to us were summed up in the scant list of Bible, Hymn Book, Pilgrim's Progress, Robinson Crusoe and "The Indian Book," for HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 735 spiritual culture and comfort. All classes and conditions, far and near, attended and were made hospitably and socially welcome to tent and table, mourners' bench and family circle. Preachers, elders and heads of families gave devout, inspired attention and labor to the spiritual demands and needs of the miscella- neous congregation and looked after the in- terests of the Methodist church organization. The younger persons present of both sexes gave more attention to worldly interests, and affairs of the heart were in the ascendant. Getting married meant something practical then. A. log cabin soon followed on a claim made by the husband. Corn bread, hominy, wild game, bacon, eggs and butter were the main articles of living, all cooked and served by the new wife. No hired girls, no board- ing house life then, as is so general now. Hus- band and wife both joined at once in bread winning, left no fear of the wolf of want. Health and happiness, crowned with parentage and frequent use of the sugar-trough cradle, won the highest position ever attained by man and woman, makers of a virtuous, happy home: helpers to make a patriotic nation. The sugar- trough was fashion's baby home then. "Scattered settlements in a new country tra- versed _ by Indians and wild beasts, made friendly association and frequent visits among distant neighbors necessary and pleasant. Friendship then was warm and true, not mere- ly " 'A name, A charm that lulls to sleep, A shade that follows wealth or fame, But leaves the wretch to weep.' "Needs of mutual help bound old settlers in fraternal bonds of closest, tenderest ties. None knew when the savage Indian warwhoop might rouse the midnight slumber of the cradle, and the burning cabin force them to flee by its light for safety to the forest and hills. "Mutual dependence for help in raising their cabins and barns, for aid in time of sickness, accident and misfortune, incident to pioneer life, kept alive and active all the better in- stincts oi our nature. "Many practical demonstrations of true friendship, uninfluenced by hope of financial gain, can be recalled of these early times. '"Horsestealing was held the highest crime against property rights. Next after this came 'jumping' a new-comer's claim; thit is, tak- ing forcible or other unfair possession of a claim to a homestead or location for a home. "One of the most noted old settlers in this region felt himself aggrieved in this way. Not having money enough to enter at the begin- ning of the 'land sale' all the pieces he had made claim to, he was compelled to leave one eightj exposed to the claim jumper. Time passed, and he could not secure the one hun- dred dollars in cash (silver was all our money then) to enter the coveted tract. Rumor came to him that a neighbor had entered it away from him — 'Jumped it.' "He sought the offender at once and charged him with the great wrong. 'Yes,' replied the great transgressor, 'I have entered thy favor- ite eighty of timber, because thee said thee could not get the money, and I feared some- body else would enter it away from thee. But. friend Martin, I entered it in thy name, and it is thine now, forever — and not mine. Thee need not worry about payment for it. When- ever thee gets a hundred dollars, thee can give it to me. There will be no interest to pay. The land is thine.' And lo! his lineal offspring occupies the land to this day, and it blooms as the Garden of Eden, yielding an hundred fold. "This was the act of the good old Quaker friend, Dr. Griffith. Personal test compels the declaration that his dose of 'Peruvian barks' for 'fever 'n ager' were large, frequent and very bitter; but his words, when, he said: 'James, these will make thee better,' were sweet as the fabled honey of Hymettus, and his gentle hand, when he pressed the fevered brow, was soft and cool as the leaves that fall in Vallambrosa's Vale. "The 'laws of the land' were not much in evidence then. Justices of the Peace only ad- ministered them aided by constables. The Sheriff and his deputies were seldom seen in early days. But good order and peace pre- vailed generally. Differences of opinions were discussed at house-raisings and like gather- ings. Serious quarrels were settled at elec- tions by personal combat. Social inter- course was frank to a degree, and devotees of fashion today would declare it rude and vul- gar. Whatever form of words used, they de- clared their meaning plainly and did not hide 730 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. or stimulate impure thoughts, or lead to im- proper conduct. "Early in our pioneer life came the Black Hawk Indian war. This brought days of fear and nights of teror from Springfield to Chi- cago — Fort Dearborn. Captain Adams raised a company of volunteers in this neighborhood and went at once to the front, meeting defeat with General Stillman in command at "Still- man's Run", and his own death while fighting desperately hand-to-hand with the main force of the Indians, striving in vain to form and protect his surprised and panic-stricken men. Majors Bailey and Perkins, by their bravery and coolness, saved many lives also at this time. Eleven of this command were killed in the battle and flight, and many more wound- ed. This bloody disaster covered the whole country round with grief and foreboding as to the future. It was some time feared all our homes and property would have to be aban- doned in flight south for safety. Though tem- porarily victorious, the Indians feared a re- turn of the white settlers and fled toward the north, and, were soon overwhelmed and prac- tically destroyed at the battle of the 'Bad Ax.' We were left to mourn our dead, and bring home the wounded and nurse them back to health and strength. To comfort our sor- row we remembered and sung the immortal song for the fallen brave: " 'How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, By all their country's wishes blest; When Spring with dewy fingers cold, Returns to deck their hallowed mould, She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.' "Time had but little softened grief for those slain by Indians when the cholera spread a funeral pall over the same territory, lately stricken by war. The swift-flying messengers on horseback, in pursuit of a doctor wherever to be found, dotted the prairies with omens of dread. For when the fell disease struck its victim, no time could be lost before active remedies were applied. Death was the quick result if potent relief was not found within the early hours of attack. "The earliest noted writer to praise our 'Prairie Land' says of it: 'I have loved the West, and it still claims my preference over all other portions of the earth. Its magnitude, its fertility, the kindliness of the climate, the variety »nd excellence of its productions are unrivalled in our own country, if not on the globe. In these characteristics it presents it- self to my mind, in the light of a strong and generous parent, whose arms are spread to extend protection, happiness and life to throngs who seek them from other and less favored climes. The magnificent freedom and beauty of the country form, as it were, a com- mon element in which all varieties of charac- ter, education and prejudice are resolved into simple and harmonious relation. Living near to nature, artificial distinctions lose much of their force. Humanity is valued mainly for its intrinsic worth — not for its appurtenances or outward belongings. The writing of these sketches,' the writer continues, 'has hereto- fore been a labor of love. While engaged upon them I have lived again in the land of my heart. I have seen the grasses wave, and felt the winds, and listened to the birds, and watched the springing flowers, and exulted in something of the old sense of freedom which these conferred upon me. "Visions prophetic of the glory and greatness which are to be developed here, have dwelt in my mind and exalted it above the narrow personal cares of life.' "Today, as I said in the beginning, the State of Illinois stands third in rank of population, in a sisterhood of forty-five States, forming the grandest union of political states, in every worthy sense, known to legend or history of our world. "Old Settlers of Tazewell County present: Shall we take all praise of this grand result to ourselves? Oh, no, no; a thousand times, No! But let us ask — nay, claim — some share in all this good, great result; and ask one boon of our beloved, worthy descendants — the actors on the stage today — that they do their part in the grand, glorious living present we bequeath to them, as well as we did our part in the lowly, humble days of the old settlers of Tazewell County." HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 737 CHAPTER VIII. EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE. PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM — EARLY METHODS — STATIS- TICS FOR 1903 — TAZEWELL COUNTY POOR FARM — EARLY CARE OF PAUPERS — FIRST POOR HOUSE- ADDITIONS TO PRESENT BUILDING — NAMES OF SUPERINTENDENTS. The school system of Tazewell county has kept pace with its growth and improvement in other respects. Three-quarters of a century has witnessed the entire disappearance of the log school-house, in which the great grand par- ents of the boys and girls of today obtained the elements of a common-school education. In their stead have come the modern frame and brick building supplied with all the latest edu- cational appliances known to the most modern methods of school work. In the early days, reading, spelling, arithmetic, and writing, were the only branches taught. The books used were crudely elementary. Such thing as a steel pen was scarcely known prior to 1840. The school master was an adept in making pens from goose-quills. The ink was made from poke-berry juice, and quite frequently from' Indigo dissolved in water. The chemical inks, however, were known and used in our pioneer schools in this county in the thirties. The penmanship of the early pioneers was one of their accomplishments, and there are now in existence legal documents and letters, written with the old goose quill pen, that are marvels of chirographical skill, and even ele- gance. In those days, ordinary writing paper was unruled, and so thick that the marker used in polite correspondence today, would be utterly useless. Nevertheless, among accom- plished penman in pioneer days, the lines across the page were as straight as if written upon ruled paper. While comparisons may be odious, it is true that a mis-spelled word among those who had devoted a resonable time to school attendance was rarer than among many of the products of modern education. The pioneer schoolmaster, it must be remembered, knew nothing of fads, and his scholarship was not broad, nor had he gained worldly knowl- edge from extensive travel, but he could spell any word in Webster's Elementary Spelling Book; he could cipher through the "Rule of Three," and could read the Declaration of In- dependence at a Fourth of July celebration so that those who listened could gather some- thing of the spirit of that document. With due respect to ancestral methods of education, to claim superiority for the condi- tions exisiting fifty years ago over those of today, would be absurd, but it is true that what our fathers and mothers knew, they knew well, and the hardships they endured to ac- complish what they did, would be looked upon as absolute impossiblities to the school-going youth of the present. The lapse of time, and change of conditions, have necessarily largely altered the nature and requirements of the public .-'chool system. While our pioneers may not have paid attention enough to the early development of educational ideas, and may not have succeeded in accomplishing what they should, yet many thoughtful people of today are raising the question as to whether our present educators and the methods they employ, are not overtaxing the child capacity and attempting to do too much. The funds for the support of the public schools are derived from four different sources, namely: Interest on the township fund, the county's portion of the state fund of one mill- ion dollars annually appropriated by the leg- islature, direct taxation, and interest on the county fund. The township fund was derived from the sale of the 16th section of land in each township, the proceeds thereof to be placed a.t interest by the trustees, said inter- est to be annually distributed by them among the several school districts of the township, in porportion to the number of persons under 21 years of age in the respective districts. The county's portion of the state fund is $6,- 201.78. This fund remains the same from one government census to another. It is re-dis- tributed at the end of every ten years among the several counties in the state upon the basis of population under twenty-one years of age. The total receipts from all sources and bal- ance on hand for the year closing July, 1903, were $170,285.63. This includes $1,490.01 re- ceived for tuition; $10,569.75 levied for build- ing purposes, .and $535.89 received from other counties on account of union districts. The 73S HISTORY OP TAZEMBLL COUNTY. total amount paid out for all purposes for the same yeai was $126,776.40. The total number of persons in the county under 21 years of age was 14,321. Of this number, 7,110 were males, and 7,121 females. The total number of persons of school age, or between 6 and 21 years, was 9,999. Of this number, 5,020 were males and 4,979 were fe- males. The total number of school districts is one hundred and twenty, and no district in the county had less than six months' school. There were eighteen graded schools and 112 ungraded schools. The number of rooms used in graded schools is 103. The total number of pupils enrolled in graded schools was 3,964; 1,972 were males and 1,992 were females. There were 1,678 males and 1579 females enrolled in the ungraded schools. It will be seen, therefore, that of the 9,999 persons of school age in the county, there were 7,221 attend- ing the public schools. One hundred and one teachers taught in the graded schools, of which number eighty-eight were females and nineteen males. One hun- dred and twelve teachers taught in the un- graded oChools, of which number eighty-eight were males and seventy-three were females. There are 130 school houses in the county, fourteen of which are built of brick, and there are 116 frame school houses. In the last few years there has been quite an interest created in the establishment of school libraries in the various school districts in the county. Seventy-one districts have li- braries containing 7,655 volumes. Of these 769 volumes were purchased during the year ending June 30, 1903. The aighest monthly wages paid any male teacher in the county was $161.10 per month, for nine months. The highest wages paid any female teacher was $75.00. The lowest wages paid any male teacher was $30.00. The lowest wages paid any female teacher was $25.00. The total amount paid male teachers was $27,- 947.61. The total amount paid females teach- ers was $56,953.85. The average monthly wages for males was $58.40; for females, $42.03. The estimated value of school buildings was $348,997.13; of school libraries, $6,073.50; of school apparatus, $11,042.75. The amount of bonded school debt in the entire county was $21,400.00 The total amount of the township funds be- fore referred to was $82,330.64, the income from which was $4,278.20. By way of show- ing how interest rates have decreased, it may be of interest to note that the principal of the township fund at the close of the school year Oct. 1, 1805, was $49,777.35, not all of the school lands having been sold at that time, and the interest received on that principal was $4,701.35, or $563.15 more than was re- ceived during the year of 1903 on a principal sum of $82,330.64. Comparing further the statistics for the two school years — namely, the one closing June 30, 1903, and that closing Sept. 30, 186~6— we And that in thirty-eight years the number of persons of school age has increased 1,199. The number enrolled shows an increase of 458. The amount received for school purposes, 1866, was $71,852.42. Of this amount $31,477.83 was paid for teachers; $23,328.68 was expended for building purposes, and the total amount ex- pended for all school purposes was $69,663.91. The highest monthly wages paid any male, teacher was $110.00; to any female teacher, $50.00. The lowest sum paid any male teach- er was $20.00; the lowest paid any female teacher was $12.00. The average monthly wages paid male teachers was $46.57; the average monthly wages paid female teachers was $30.65. Some interesting deductions might be made from the difference shown ' between some items as indicated by the records of the two years mentioned. The receipts in 1903 were $98,433.21 in excess of those thirty-one years ago, and the expenditures $57,112.49. It is gratifying to note the value placed upon edu- cation by the willingness of the people to con- tribute such a large excess of funds for the support of the public schools over and above the amount furnished thirty-eight years ago. It is further gratifying to know that a large proportion of this incease has gone to the credit of teachers' wages; the purchase of li- braries; better furnished buildings; improved sanitary conditions, and to afford the children of this county opportunities in keeping with modern educational progress. The country schools of Tazewell county are up to the standard of those elsewhere, and their value should not be underestimated, as the tendency among some modern educators HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 739 is to do this. The concentrated effort of the pupil in the country school leads to thorough- ness. Not so many branches of study are taught, fads are not encouraged to any harm- ful extent. The fundamental branches of an English education receive paramount atten- tion. As a consequence the pupils in the country schools take high rank when they en- ter the high school department of our graded system. Herewith, through ,the courtesy of the Coun- ty Superintendent of Schools, W. P. Mavity, we are enabled to give the names of all the teachers who taught in the ungraded schools of the county during the school year of 1903-04, with thd postofftce address of each: Allentown — Susan McDonald, Nellie Gish. Armington — R. S. Wynd, Prin.; J. R. Small, Fern Mclntyre, Marguerite Dempsey, Bessie Martin, Bessie Stroud. Atlanta — Nellie Lindsay. Cooper — Nina Hurlburt. Deer Creek — Grace Schertz, Bertha Von Tromp, Lou Yates. Delavan — Ina Mulcahy, Irene Phillips, Grace Pawson, J. W. Barnes, Mellie B. Ireland, Maude M. Watkins Ella F. Kennedy, Nellie Meers, Eunice Viox, Etta B. Sanford, Grace Tenneswood, Josephine Briggs, Loy Grissom Alice Musick, Margetta Doud. East Peoria — S. A. Dennis, Prin.; C. Nora Kinsey, Edith fale, Margaret Mauschbaugh, Mary E. Blake, Franc Hampton, Ada E. Arn- old. Emden — Bert Shaub. Farmdale — Myrtle Houghton, Bertha Herm. Green Valley — T. B. Duncanson, F. M. Lea- man, Metta Crosby, Runnion Graffls, W. F. Graffls, R. F. Barton, Mary Black, Rebecca Warner. Hopedale — Ella F. Morrisy, Ella M. Morri- sey, Anna Morissey, Francis Roberts, Jas. Mc- Dowell, Augusta Naffziger, Zella Osborn, Min- nie Garlick. Groveland — Caton Hiernonymous, Luella Rollins, Ora Dille. Lilly — Mary W. Allen, Lu Lindsay, Elmer W. Powers. Mackinaw — L. B. Green, Bertha Musick, Al- berta Long. Manito— JMwin Jones, A. F. Butters, Letta Baldwin, Maggie Kiesling, Cora Vancil, F. E. Adams. Minier — Lucy E. Meyers, Harry Davis, Cora Brants, Emma Pyle, Roy "WV Kinsey, Myrtle Dennis. Morton — Marie Wittmer, Lulu Stout, John Kennel, Laura Poppenhaus, Carrie Lindenfel- ser, J. .3. Murphy, F. C. Rahlman. Pekin — Emma Ruhaak, Phoebe Alexander. Jennie G. Scott, Minnie Hawkins, Mary Ross, Ida Smith, Grace Kettenring, Mary P. Ketten- ring, May Champion, Minnie Mace, Mary An- schick, Chas. "Williams, Elmon Hodgson, Marie Strickfadden, Geo. Strickfadden. Peoria — J. H. English. Tazewell — Gertrude Neff, Clara Fischer, Minnie White. Tremont — Ed. M. Matthews, Bessie Ott, Min- nie Black, J. H. Sipe, Nellie Jeanpert. Washington — Fannie Watson, D. H. Rich, August Fesser, Bessie Minch, Anna Haas, Le- na Haas, Eunice Zaneis, Alice Pifer, Emma Krull, Hattie Carlsson, Regie Sencenbaugh, Laura Kice, F. B. Zwaliy, H. E. Graham. TAZEWELL COUNTY POOR FARM. Prior to the purchase of the present Poor Farm site and the erection of the buildings thereon, the paupers of the county had been "let out" for their "keep" to the lowest bid- der in the respective townships where they resided. It occurred to the authorities that the 'expense was greater than it would be should the county itself provide a home for its unfortunate poor. The feeling at this time was expressed by a resolution offered at the January term of the Board of Supervisors, in 1864, when Mr. Wenger presented the follow- ing preamble which was received, read and adopted: "Whereas, the present system of supporting the poor of the townships of Tazewell county is very expensive and inefficient, and only tends to make pauperism fashionable; there- fore, "Resolved, that the chairman of the Board of Supervisors appoint a committee of three, to take into consideration the subject of pur- chasing a Poor Farm for the use of the county poor, and report to the next meeting of the Board of Supervisors." Whereupon Messrs. Elias Wenger, W. S. Maus and Dillon were appointed said commit- tee. 740 HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Nothing more seems to have been done un- til August 14, 1866, when at a meeting of the Board of Supervisors, a special committee re- ported as follows: "The special committee to whom was referred the matter of the County Poor Farm make their report recommending that the County establish such farm, and pro- cure for that purpose the farm now owned by Mr. Lemuel Allen," which report, on motion of Mr. Greely was received, and the roll be- ing called, upon motion of Mr. Pomfret, the matter was carried over until the annual meet- ing of the Board which was carried 18 to 1, and at which meeting Mr. Daugherty offered the following resolution: "Resolved, that a committee on Poor Farm be authorized hereby to purchase from L. Al- len, for the use of the County as a Poor Farm, said Allen farm near Pekin for the sum of $7,000.00; (that coal be reserved by said Al- len, with a small plot of ground on the road) and that they be authorized to make the best terms with him in regard to the payment therefor that they can," which resolution was adopted. The proposition fell through, and a com- mittee was appointed at the February meet- ing, 1871, after the Board had decided upon the purchase of a Poor Farm, and a resolu- tion was presented by Mr. Monroe, to the ef- fect that a committee of three be appointed for the purpose of assuming control and over- sight of such Poor Farm when purchased by the purchasing committee, and were vested with authority over and care of, the paupers, and to draw county orders to pay the neces- sary expenses incurred; which committee was to continue in office until their successors were appointed. Messrs. Greigg, Stout and Monroe were appointed as such special com- mittee. At the May meeting, 1871, a committee pre- viously appointed to purchase a site for a Poor Farm advised the Board that, in accord- ance with their instructions, they had selected the farm of James Smith, containing 211% acres in the township of Elm Grove, paying therefor $65.00 per acre, which action of the committee was approved by the Board. The sum paid for such farm was to be due in one, two and three years from date of contract. The report was signed by Mr. Monroe and Richard Holmes as committee for the pur- chase of a Poor Farm. This farm was taken possession of by the visiting committee, who made a report to the effect that they had fitted out a residence for the Poor House, by the addition of two stories and brick basement, and furnished the house with necessary ar- ticles of furniture, and had bought farming utensils and stock for the farm, all at a cost of $4,660.10. There were at that time nine- teen paupers in the house in the care of Mrs. E. Hall, who had been engaged as matron, with Dr. Bumstead as physician. The total expenditure up to that time was $18,407.60. Not all the paupers in the County were lodged at the Poor Farm. In 1872, at a May meeting of the Board, it was shown that since the building of the Poor House, the sum of $1,- 624.07 had been paid out by the county on ac- count of the poor. For the same time — 'that is, from the August term, 1871, to the Febru- ary term, 1872 — the county had paid the cur- rent expenses of the Poor Farm $5,997.31, and had sold property from the farm to the amount of $1,097.85. The net expense of the Poor Farm was, therefore, $4,899.46, from which cost must be deducted the improvements made, making a net cost of the paupers at the Poor Farm $2,344.56. The Superintendency of the Poor Farm at the March session of the Board, in 1873, was let to J. B. Cooper of Washington, 111. At that time the superintendency was let to the low- est biddei, and as Mr. Cooper's bid, every- thing considered, was the best, he was elected. At the July meeting, 1873, we find the com- mittee on Poor Farm making substantially the following report: That they had visited the Poor Farm and, by observation and conversa- tion with the paupers, they found the inmates without exception as happy and well contented as any class of like persons could be expected to be. At the February meeting, 1874, there were several applications for the superintendency. Patrick Ryan offered to superintend the Poor Farm for $1,000; James Largent for $1,400; Eli Enos would superintend the farm, furnish self and wife, and one team, the County to furnish the remainder, for $1,000; J. E. and S. C. Hall proposed to do everything in the way of labor except what would be obtained from the in- mates, for $1,200; J. B. Cooper proposed to superintend the house, farm, do all the work HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 741 on farm and in the house, and in addition grub and clear off 25 acres of new land, for the sum of $2,000, and he was awarded the contract. It seems that at the same meeting the Board had selected Dr. Carter as County physician, agreeing to pay him $400 for his services. The resolution making the appointment was recon- sidered and Dr. R. D. Bradley, whose bid was $275, received the appointment of the Board. At April of this year, the number of inmates was 50 — 45 adults and 5 infants. At the April meeting ir 1876, Mr. Cummings offered a re- solution providing that a pest-house should be erected af a cost not exceeding $400.00. The education of the minor inmates of the Poor Faim has been constantly a source of agitation since the beginning of the institu- tion. Some of the resident patrons of the school district object to the presence of the pauper children in the public school, and it became a matter of some importance to the school district on the ground that the school quite frequently became overcrowded; and it was held by some that a sufficient amount was not paid as tuition for these children, as they were not recognized as being legally en- titled to the privileges of the school. Forty- two dollars was at first appropriated, but the resolution fixing this amount was rescinded in December, 1882. The County Clerk was or- dered to destroy the order and another drawn for $25 rs pro rata school-tax for Poor Farm, the matter still continuing to be one of dis- agreement. In September, 1886, the chairman of the Poor Farm Committee was authorized to pur- chase the necessary books and make arrange- ment to teach the children at said farm by any of the inmates or otherwise, as in his judgment might be for the best interests of the County. For a number of years after, the county donated $50 annually for the tuition of the pauper children until 1899, when the Coun- ty Board resolved that they would pay no more tuition on account of pauper children to the school district. On the 30th day of January, 1889, an in- ventory of the Poor Farm belonging to Taze- well County showed the value thereof, with all its appurtenances, to be $25,615.85. The an- nual report for the year ending February 14, 1889, was quite full and complete, and showed the entire expense, after deducting the amount paid for permanent improvements, to have been $6,159.64. The cost per inmate per year, after deducting total receipts from the total net cost, was $83.51 for the year, or a weekly cost of $1.60%. At the September meeting of the Board, 1898, the committee appointed to purchase ad- ditional land for the Poor Farm, reported that they had bought of R. Becker 15.788-1000 acres, for which they agreed to pay $107 per acre. It will be seen how land had advanced in price between the original purchase of the Poor Farm and the time of this purchase. At the September meeting, 1898, it was de- cided to present to the voters of Tazewell County a proposition for an additional tax of $20,000 to be levied for the erection of suit- able buildings at the County Farm, and the chairman had authority to appoint a special committee to get plans and specifications and the costs thereof, to be submitted to the Board for their inspection at the next regu- lar meeting. The chair appointed the follow- ing as such special committee: Supervisors Hodson, Guy, Studyvin, Birkett and Behrens. At the Mlarch meeting, this committee re- ported that they had visited the various coun- ty farm, in McLean, Ford, Logan and Peoria Counties, and stated that they found in Ford County a more modern building than in any of the tthers, and cheerfully recommended the plan of said building to the consideration of the Board. On the following day, Supervisoi Phillips offered the following resolution: "Whereas, the people of Tazewell County have signified their willingness to build a building at the County Farm; and whereas, the buildings that are already there are just as good as the buildings that some of us have to live in, and a great deal better than a great many of the buildings tax-payers of this county live in; therefore, be it resolved, that a committee of five members from the County Farm Committee be appointed by the chair as a building committee; and be it further re- solved, that this committee be instructed by this Board to repair said old buildings, and to heat them with steam," etc., "and that the plans and specifications of the special commit- tee be adopted, except that the wing provided for in said plans shall be left off, and that the said new building shall be practicably a 742 JLISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. reproduction of the Ford County buildings from which these plans were taken." The resolution was lost by a vote of eight to fourteen. A resolution was then presented by Supervisor Russell accepting the plans and specifications presented by the special build- ing committee. This motion was carried by a vote of fifteen to seven. Supervisor Guy moved that a committee of five be appointed to receive bids on the new building, which motion was carried, and the Board also de- cided that the special building committee be instructed to locate a site for the new build- ing not less than one hundred feet south- west of the building now occupied by the Sup- erintendent. The special committee to advertise for bids were J. M. Guy, B. N. Bwing, Charles P. Geh- rig, Charles L. Birkett, J. E. Russell. On April 26, 1900, the special committee or- ganized by electing J. M. Guy, Chairman, and B. N. Ewing, Secretary; and, after examining all bids, awarded the contract to Messrs. Schmitt & Brown, of Tremont, for the sum of $16,993, and in the construction of the build- ing common brick were to be used, but it was afterwards concluded to use pressed brick in the outer course of the wall at an extra cost of $500, making -the contract price $17,493. Various meetings of this committee were held from time to time, some changes were made in the original plan, but the buildings were completed on May 18, 1900. Mr. Henry Zim- mer, of Pekin, was the supervising architect; and was paid one and one-half per cent for the cost of the building, amounting to $271.10, with $37 mileage, making a total of $308.10. The total cost of building is as follows: Original contract $17,493.00 Foundation and Cellar . . 492.90 Carpenter work 30.00 Extra plumbing 53.74 Supervising architect . . . 308.10 Making a grand total of $18,377.74 We have been unable to obtain the plana and specifications of the buildings erected, and it is probably enough to say that they are of substantial character, fully up to date, pro- vided with all modern comforts, and consti- tute a monument to the charity shown to the poor of Tazewell County, and the care be- stowed upon those who are meritoriously de- pendent upon the public for the ordinary com- forts of life. In addition to the amount ex- pended by the County for the support and maintenance of the Poor Farm, the pauper bills sometimes exceed the sum of $10,000 an- nually. This help is given to those who have some slight means of support and who, per- haps, may own humble homes, yet have been overtaken by adversity and are found depen- dent in their old age. The present Superintendent of the Poor Farm is J. I. Hollingsworth, who has had charge since February, 1898. The first Super- intendent was Sarah C. Hall, who "was suc- ceeded by a Mr. Brown, who had charge from March, 1873, when J. B. Cooper was elected Superintendent, and remained until March, 1882. Following him was Jefferson Ireland, who was succeeded in 1.885 by Milton Kinsey. Mr. Kinsey died suddenly, after nearly two years at the farm, when S. H. Puterbaugh, of Macki- naw, was elected Superintendent, and held the position until February 13, 1898. This in- stitution has, in the main, been well managed from the very start, and owes its prosperity almost altogether to Superintendents Cooper, Puterbaugh and Hollingsworth. CHAPTER IX. COUNTY AND CITY FAIRS. PEKIN AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIA- TION— TAZEWELL COUNTY FAIR ASSOCIATION— PO- MONA FAIR— PEK1X STREET FAIRS, IS9S, 1S99, 1902 AND I903, On February 28, 1870, the Pekin Agricultural and Mechanical Association was organized un- der the general law of the State, the. society having for its object the development and en- couragement of agriculture and mechanic arts, fixing its capital stock at $50,000 divided into 2,000 shares, of $25.00 each. B. S. Prettyman was elected President; Teis Smith, Vice-Presi- dent; G. R. Cobleigh, Secretary; George Greigg, Treasurer; and Jas. W. Robinson, C. R. Cummings, J. H. Height, John Stolz, Peter Weyrich, H. P. Finnigan and W. W. Sellers, Trustees. Eighty acres of land were pur- chased, -enclosed with a fence, and stalls, am- HLSTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 743 phitheatres, etc., were erected. The first two or three years this enterprise was quite suc- cessful, but was finally abandoned on account of insufficient patronage, although it was one of the finest and best located fair grounds in the State. TAZEWELL COUNTY PAIR ASSOCIATION. By G. W. Patten. The Tazewell County Agricultural Board of Delavan was organized July 12th, 1879, with the following officers elected: President, Ira B. Hall; Vice-presiilent, Wm. Knott; Secretary, G. W. Patten; Treasurer, R. Frey; Directors, Jacob Brenneman, B. T. Railsback, E. D. Ful- ler, J. H, Burt, J. D. Mowrey, A. J. Paul. J. W. Crabb, H. C. Sutton, and A. W. Ball. The capital stock of the association was fixed at $6,000.00, and the number of shares of stock at 600. The amount of stock issued was $6,000.00, par value per share, $10.00. They have had twenty-six successful fairs and have also continually made improvements on the grounds every year. In 1902, the cyclone, which swept over central Illinois and destroyed so much prcperty, completely demolished the Ag- ricultural Hall, the large Amphitheatre, and a great many stalls, as well as doing consider- abe damage to the stalls and other property, but the Board of Directors, ever having the in- terest of the fair at heart, started out and sold 150 more shares of stock for $10.00 per share and rebuilt the Hall, Amphitheatre, and re- paired the barn and stalls and placed every- thing in as good if not better condition than when destroyed. The receipts, from all sources, for each year of the fair, are approximately $3,500,00, and aside from the payment of the premiums of which a large share has been awarded to the citizens of Tazewell county, the money received at various fa'irs has practically all been paid out to the citizens of the county and vicinity. In my judgment the Fair Association has done more in the twenty-five years just past to develop and put on a high plane and sub- stantial basis, the agricultural interests of Tazewell county than all other agencies com- bined—especially in the live stock line. At the first exhibition I had to go to McLean, Wood- ford and Menard counties to get breeders to exhibit their stock, in order that the different classes might be shown. Strange as it may seem, at this time, it is a fact that in 1879 there was not in Tazewell county a full blooded Norman, English Draft, Percheron, or other draft horse owned in the county, and only one stallion kept for breeding roadsters. There was not a sheep in the county. There -were a few good short-horn cattle and some well bred hogs. Aside from these there was no first class stock in the county. Only by comparing these conditions with those existing to-day can a cor- rect estimate be made of what has been ac- complished by this Association the past quar- ter of a century. It seems true that the farmers and other cit- izens of the county do not fully appreciate what the Tazewell County Agricultural Board is worth to them. The same conservative man- agement has been continued that caused the great agricultural authority of 25 years ago, "The Prairie Farmer," to name the first exhi- bition "The Model Fair of the Whole West." The present very efficient Board of officers are: J. W. Crabb, president; Peter T. John- son, Vice-president; J. O. Jones, Secretary; Daniel Reardon, Treasurer. The fair has had its good years and its bad years; but, taken altogether, its record is an enviable one when compared with similar asso- ciations in Illinois and other Western States. THE POMONA FAIR ASSOCIATION. The Patrons of Husbandry was an agricultur- al association organized and promoted in the interest of the farming community. It was first organize 1 in this county about the year 1872, and there were a number of subsequent bodies known as granges, some thirteen or fourteen in number, located at various points in the county. These subsequent organizations were consolidated and, under this consolidation, were known as the Tazewell County Pomona Fair Association, which was organized about 1873. Tbe principal promoters and organizers of the Association were P. E. Ripper, of Sand Prairie township, who was the first President; John L. Winters, of Mackinaw township, who was Secretary; Wm. Monroe of Morton, Geo. W. Patten of Delava'n, D. G. A. Railsback of Mackinaw township, James L. Reed, of Dela- van, and others who were more or less promi- nently connected with it. The first meeting of 744 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. the Pomona Association under its new organi- zation was held in Minier in June, 1873. The attendance at this meeing was large and enthu- siastic. The prominent features were an ad- dress by Walter Trott, of McLean County, and a reunion of the different granges throughout the county. Subsequent meetings were held every three months in different parts of the county. The district features of the fair asso- ciation first materialized at a meeting held at Allentcwn in 1877. By previous arrange- ment each member was requested to bring some product of the farm for exhibition. The response was quite general and the articles on exhibition gave promise of the success after- wards realized by this association. In 1878 a meeting was held at what was known as the "Four Corners" school house, in little Mackinaw township, and the next year at what was known as "Harris Range" in Hope- dale township. For some three or four years afterwards, or until about 1883, the permanent location was made at Mackinaw, at which place all subsequent meetings of the Association were held. By this time general interest was aroused and the exhibition of farm products, manufactures, and all articles usually found at a county fair, was quite extensive and com- plete and superior in character. One of the main features of the Pomona Fair, as of all County Fairs, was the opportunity it afforded for renewal of old acquaintance, and reunion of friends who had not met, perhaps, for many years. This feature of Pomona was emphasized largely by the fact that in Mackinaw and vi- cinity, there have been for many years a large number of quite elderly people. Many of them had been pioneers in the county, and scarcely any one could visit Pomona Fair to whom these old pioneers were not known. Among the Presidents of the association were William Sperry, of Allentown; Daniel Puterbaugh, of Mackinaw; W. S. Russell, of Allentown; L. H. Ogden, of Minier, and J. H. Puterbaugh, of Mackinaw. For a number of years, the Fair prospered and was looked upon as one of the events in county affairs. In 1888 a very sad calamity occurred, which had its effect on the Fair. Among the exhibi- tors at this meeting were John Q. Darnell, of Hittle township, who had some valuable im- ported horses on exhibition. One night during the Fair, the sheds in which the horses were stabled caught fire and Mr. Darnell, who was sleeping in one of the adjoining sheds, was so severely burned that he died a day or two afterwards. This calamity cast a gloom over the entire county. Mr. Darnell had been a Supervisor from Hittle township, and was known by the majority of the people in Taze- well County, either personally or by reputa- tion. He was a man of high standing and be- loved by all who knew him. From this time on the interest in the association seemed grad- ually to decrease, yet for several years after this occurrence the meetings were ordinarily well attended and the exhibition of products had lessened but little, but the decrease in in- terest seemed to grow until it became merely a race meeting, and it was felt by its origin- ators that the end was not far off. The fairs were finally discontinued. Out of the Pomona Fair Association, howev- er, has grown a Farmers' Insurance Company in this county, which was first chartered in 1874. The first President of the company was J. S. Reed of Delavan. Following him in the pres- idency was J. B. Allen, of Dillon township, and he was succeeded by P. E. Ripper, of Sand Prairie township, who is still in office. This is a mutual company, and insures only farm property, and the losses are paid by assess- ment. The insurance in force at this time is about $1,500,000. This company has been a success from the very beginning, and its mem- bers claim that the cost is about one half of what they would have to pay for the same amount of liability in regular old-line compan- ies. There have been several large losses and a number of smaller ones which have been promptly paid. (This item is given in this connection, be- cause of the fact that it had its origin in the grange movement. — Ed.) PEKIN STREET FAIRS. The history of the City of Pekin would be materially incomplete without an account of the Street Fairs, which were held in 1898-99 and 1903. These entertainments were eminent- ly successful, and will long be remembered by the citizens, of Pekin, as well as by those resid- ing within a radius of fifty miles from the city. The Stieet Fair had its origin in Germany and landed in the United States in 1893, and the first Fair of which we have any account IILSTOEY OF TAZEWELL C'OlXTY. 74,; was held at Newark, N. J. It then came to Indiana pnd became something of a fad in the States of Ohio, Iowa, Illinois and Michigan. To people who had lived in Germany it will be suf- ficient to say that the Street Pair was no nov- elty. It is simply the old time country fair moved from the shady ground to the city streets. The most striking difference between the two was the absence of the old time race- track. The . H. Bates for the care, skill and good taste every- where shown in this feature of the fair. One feature of the exhibition on Friday was a parade of about 1,000 members of the differ- ent labor unions. On Friday afternoon a wed- ding was performed uniting Howard J. Ouvei and Miss Cora Hoy, colored people. The cere- mony took place on the band-stand, and was performed by Squire W. F. Copes, in his usual happy manner. It is probably true that no greater assembly ever saw a wedding cere- mony in Central Illinois than the one which witnessed this marriage. There was some trou- ble in getting the parties to the band-stand, so great was the crowd. The groom was six years in the United States Regular army, and was at El Caney, where his regiment relieved Roose- velt's "Rough Riders" at San Juan, during the Spanish-American War. He was one of six survivors of his company. President Cooper was master of ceremonies and best man. The question as to whether he saluted the bride in the usual manner allowable at weddings, is an open one. There are thousands who declare that he did, but the testimony of those nearest to the stand goes to show that "Uncle Tom," HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 749 as he' was called, did not avail himself of this pleasure. This fair closed with the reputation of hav- ing been even more successful than the ones which had preceded it. THE FOURTH STREET FAIR. The fair of, 1903 was begun on "Wednesday, October 7th, and continued for four days. It was much the same as previous exhibitions. The principal attraction was a baby parade, which took place on Thursday, and the crowd on this day was the largest of any day of the fair. An award was made on farm products this year, which seems to bt> the first and only award made during the history of the associa- tion. One of the features of these fairs was the closing of each on Saturday night. Everything was given over to mirth and fun-making which, at times, became boisterous, and so given up to the spirit of license were the crowds, old and young, on the closing night of the fair, that timid people were afraid to vent- ure upon the streets. Those who were elderly were inclined to frown on these manifestations of youthful spirit, but the motto seemed to be that anything not actually criminal had "right of wa,y." CHAPTER X. MILITARY HISTORY. WAR OF IOI2 BLACK HAWK WAR STILLMAN S DEFEAT — MEXICAN WAR — CIVIL WAR — SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR — COMPANY G OF PEKIN — COM- PANY K OF DELAVAN — RETURN OF COMPANY G. During the war of 1812 this county was the scene of an Indian battle between troops under Gov. Edwards and the Pottawatomie tribe of Indians near Peoria Lake, in Fond du Lac Township. The Governor had collected an army of about 400 men in the southern part of the State, expecting' to cooperate with 2,000 mounted Kentucky riflemen under General Hopkins. The latter's command, however, af- ter penetrating Illinois about 90 miles, refused to go further and returned home. Edwards continued his march up through Sangamon and Logan counties, striking Taze- well at the point in Hittle Township where Sugar Creek makes its exit. At this point an old deserted Kickapoo village was destroyed, and the course of the army was continued northward through Hittle, Little Mackinaw, Mackinaw, Deer Creek, Morton and Washing- Ion, to the Black Partridge village of Potta- watomies, located at the upper end of the lake on the bluffs opposite what is now Averyville. The army camped in the western border ot Washington township and Thomas Carlin, Ben- jamin Stephenson and John D. Whiteside, all of whom were afterwards prominent in public life, were sent out as a reconnoitering party. They found the town situated on a bluff separated in part from the high lands by a swamp, through which ran what is now known as Ten Mile creek. This party returned, and after report- ing the position of the enemy the army took up its line of march. Captain Judy, with his spies, was in advance. The story is told that they came up to an Indian and his squaw, both mounted. The Indian was immediately shot by Captain Judy, but before he expired raised his gun and shot and mortally wounded one of the soldiers. His squaw was taken prisoner and subsequently restored to her nation. The Indi- ans fled upon the approach of the army and the village was burned. Some of the troops were wounded in this action. Failing to hear from the larger force of General Hopkins, and fearing the Indians would concentrate and make an attack upon him, Governor Edwards concluded to make a hasty retreat, and a few days sufficed for them to pass the limits o'f this county on their homeward march. BLACK HAWK WAR In 1831 Black Hawk had negotiated a treaty with the white men, and promising he would never return, had crossed again to the west side of the Mississippi River. But, on April G, 1832, he again came to Illinois territory. His- torians disagree as to the motive that prompt- ed his return. Some say that he came to spend the summer with his friend, a chief, named Pittawak. Others claim that it is a well-known fact in all treaties ever made with the. Indians, the Indian traders dictated the terms and received a large share of the annui- ties in payment for debts due them. It is said : whites. Active preparations for defense were made by the settlers all along the frontier. Forts and stockades were built in every settlement. A picket fort was built around the Snell School house, in Pekin, and was called Fort Doolittle, and a palisade around Perkin's Mill, near Cir cleville, and a fort at Washington. Responding to the call for volunteers, Cap- tain Adams started to the seat of war with a company recruited in Pekin. Benjamin Briggs and Alexander McNaughton were Lieutenants, and J. M. Roberts, musician. They were ac- companied by Col. Daniel and Major Isaac Perkins. They were soon joined by companies from McLean, Peoria and Fulton counties. There was a dispute as to whether Col. Bailey or Major Stillman should have chief command. On reporting to Gen. Gaines at Dixon, he de- cided that they should hold equal right and both command. STILLMAN'S DEFEAT. From Chapman's History of this county we quote the following account of the engagement known as Stillman's Defeat: "Dixon was the point where the regular and volunteer troops were to meet. Major Still- man, with his men, reached Dixon, May 10th. The steady, careful movements of the regu- lars made the volunteers very impatient, and the latter were also exceedingly anxious to obtain the laurels to be won. The men under command of Major Stillman were particularly anxious to 'ketch the Indians' before the latter could get away. They said the regulars would come crawling along stuffing themselves with beef, and the Indians would never be 'ketched'. The officers yielded to the impatience and jeal- ousy of the men, and requested Governor Rey- nolds to let them go out and reconnoitre the country and find the Indians. Captain Eads, from Peoria, insisted very strongly that they should be allowed to go. The other captains all volunteered, for they did not wish to be termed cowards. The question with them was not whether the matter was prudent and neces- sary, but whether they dared to go. Major Stillman consented to go against his better judgment. He asked Mr. John Dixon's opinion, and the latter told him very decidedly that the business of 'ketching the Indians' would prove very disastrous for a little force of less than three hundred men. Major Stillman then said that, as all of his officers and men were de- termined to go, he must lead them if it cost him his life. Stilman's force started, and just before night on the 12th of May, 1S32. they en- camped at White Grove, in the eastern part of Marion township, Ogle county, near what is now called Stillman's creek. He was in close proximity to Black Hawk's encampment, but did not know it. Soon after becoming aware of the immediate presence of an armed force, Black Hawk sent a small party of his braves to Stillman's camp with a flag of truce. On their approach they were soon discovered by some of the men, who, without reporting to their HISTORY OF 'J'AZEWELL COUNTY. 751 commander, and without orders, hastily mount- ed and dashed down upon the approaching In- dians. These, not understanding this sudden movement, and apparently suspicious, all, save two who claimed to be Pottawatomies, retreat- ed towaid the camp of their chief. The whites killed two as they further pursued the retreat- ing Indians. The two Indians who refused to run were brought into camp. They said:, 'Me good Pottawatomies,' but pointed ,over the hill and said 'heap of Sac' John W. Caldwell claimed that they were spies from the Sacs and Foxes. Mr. Caldwell and Jo- seph Landes, of Groveland township, J. M. Roberts, of Morton, and Elmore Shumaker, of Washington, are the only Black Hawk war soldiers who went from this county now living (1879). W. S. Rankin, of Pekin, was in the war, but he did not enlist from this county, al- though his home was here. The two captured Indians proposed to trade for a gun belonging to David Alexander, of Pekin. While they were poking their fingers into the barrel, some of the men who chased the retreating foe re- turned and said: 'Parade! parade!' They de- clared the Indians ' were thick over the hill. Wtoen Black Hawk and his war chief, Ne-o- pope, saw the volunteers dashing down upon their camp, their flag of truce disregarded, and believing their overtures for peace had been rejected, they raised the terrible war- whoop and prepared for the fray. "At this juncture the volunteers formed and moved forward. Before going far, an Indian prisoner was brought into the camp and sent to the rear. The men moved on and made a halt near a slough. Here the officers went ahead and some kind of a parley was held with the Indians. The latter swung a red flag in defiance. Orders were then given to march forward, when Captain Eads of Peoria came riding back, and said he was not easily fooled, and that there was not less than a thousand Indians ceming. The men were then marched back in some confusion across the slough to high ground. There they formed, or tried to form, but were in bad order. The Indians then poured out of the timber, to the front right and left, and both parties commenced firing. But the whites were in such bad order that those in the rear were in danger of shooting those in front. The Indians came on whooping, yelling and firing, and encircled around on both sides. Major Stillman ordered his men to mount and retreat and form a line across the creek, and also ordered them to break the line of the Indians on the left. Here was confusion, and one veteran says they did not go to the right or to the left, but right straight for home. When they arrived at the creek, great effort was made by the officers to halt their men and fight. The brave Captain Adams cried out to his men, 'Come back, you cowards, and we will whip them.' With eight men he made a stand and re- pulsed a squad or Indians each time, who made eight separate and distinct charges upon them. At last, seeing that with that little force, he could do nothing, he told his men they would have to look out for them- selves. Elmore Shumaker and Jonathan Haines were with him at this time and soon saw him fall. He sold his life dearly, though. He had his horse shot from under him when the re- treat began. He bore a deadly hatred towards the Indians, as they had killed many of his relatives. Major Perkins was overtaken and killed about a mile and a half from the creek, and his body terribly mangled. The loss at this disastrous engagement fell most heavily upon this county. Of thirteen sturdy pioneers who fell at this, the battle of the Sycamore, nine were from Tazewell county. "The main force scampered off to Dixon as fast as they could. David Wright, in speaking of the hardships incident to this retreat, would often say, he was three days and nights in the howling wilderness with nothing to eat and nothing to cook it in.' " MEXICAN WAR. Tazewell County bore a fair share of the burden of the Mexican War, and won her por- tion of the honor. In 1846 a full company of militia, know as Company "G", of the Fourth Illinois Volun- teers, were mustered in at Alton. This Com- pany returned to Pekin on June 7, 1847. The regimental commander was Col. Edward Bak- er. The commissioned officers of this com- pany were Edward Jones, Captain; Leonard A. Knoll, First Lieutenant; Wm. A. Tinney, Second Lieutenant; Benj. F. Perry, Third Lieu- tenant. The non-commissioned officers were Samuel Rhodes, First Sergeant; John M. Gill, Second Sergeant; George Burton, Third Ser- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. geant; Wim. Campbell, transferred to N. C. staff; John W. Page, discharged on Surgeon's certificate; Henry J. Heath, First Corporal; John G. Hammer, Second Corporal; Jessie A. Nason, Third Corporal; John Chandler, Fourth Corporal; Richard S. Updyke discharged on Surgeon's certificate; Win, Moore, deserted at Tampico; Jos. Turner, Musician, died in hos- pital at Matamoras. Out of a full company, three died in hospital, one died of wounds received at Cerro Gordo. Lieutenant Knott died of yellow-fever, and his remains were brought home for burial. Ten were discharged for disability, one left sick in hospital and one deserted. A convent bell was captured at Vera Cruz, brought to Pekin, and for many years, did ser- vice in the old Methodist church, which stood on the corner of Capitol and Margaret Street. When this building was sold, the bell became the property of the Catholic denomination, and up to 1900, hung in the tower of St. Joseph's church, when it was taken down. It is now in the attic of the church, and will probably be donated to the State Historical So- ciety. Sergeant John M. Gill, of Company "G", captured Santa Anna's wooden leg, which re- mained in his possession for a number of years, when it was presented to the State Mu- seum at Springfield. THE CIVIL WAR. During the civil war, which burst upon the country April 12, 1861, when Fort Sumter was fired upon, and Major Anderson, then in com- mand, was forced to surrender, no county re- sponded more loyally to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops than did old Tazewell. Recruiting stations for volunteers were found in every village. With fife and drum, and ex- hortations to "rally round the flag", the people were stirred to an enthusiasm never equalled in the history of the nation. The scenes wit- nessed by those who lived from '61 to '65 are indelibly impressed upon the memory of the present and the passing generations. Every- where, without regard to political party, men were stirred to patriotic duty, and incited to loyal devotion to home and country. That the "Union must and shall be preserved," was the one conviction which took deepest and most lasting root in every American heart north of Mason and Dixon's line. Excitement was at fever neat. Fathers, brothers, husbands, lov- ers were leaving all most dear to them and joining the ranks of those who were marching to the field of battle. Through all this tense period, when more than three million of the flower of American youth and manhood were arrayed upon the Union side under the Stars and Stripes, Tazewell County's devotion to the preservation and perpetuation of national life was exemplified by a contribution of nearly three thousand of her citizens to the country's' cause. It may be well in this connection, and to show the state of feeling among the people at this time, to reproduce some expressions of that period- as voiced in resolutions passed at some of the public gatherings held during this period. At a meeting in Pekin the following resolution was offered by John McDonald, edi- tor of the "Tazewell Register:" "That our faith is as fixed and abiding as that we repose in God, that our cause is just, and that a people battling for life, for liberty and for the sancity of homes and firesides, must ever and will triumph. "That, if this Government, the noblest fabric ever reared for the worship of human liberty, must go down in a fratricidal conflict, we ot the North, appealing to history, may, before the world, charge, without fear of contradic- tion, that the responsibility rests upon our Southern brethren. That it is the result of a wanton repudiation by them of the covenants of the constitution, and whether or not we shall be able to preserve it as the great heart and only bond of union. May the God of bat- tles be our shield and strong defense." "Resolved, That patriotism prompts a ready and willing response to the President's call for men and means to aid the general Govern- ment in the present crisis; and that the people of Tazewell will not prove laggard in following where duty points the way." Hon. B. S. Prettyman. after a most elo- quent address, closed with the following res- olutions: "Resolved, That, in view of the present threatening aspect of a portion of our country toward the general Government, it is the duty of all men who owe allegiance to the nation, to offer themselves and their lives and their fortunes to the powers that be, in support of the Union and the Laws. HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 75c "Resolved, That we, the citizens of Pekin and vicinity, hereby tender to the State and nation our united support, and pledge our- selves to them in every emergency and at all times, our fortunes and our sacred honor." A meeting was held at Tremont on the 20th of April, 1861. Speeches were made by J. H. Harris, J. K. Kellogg, Dr. Cole, Isaac Stout, H. Shaw, W. R. Lackland, and others and the fol- lowing resolution offered by H. R. Brown, was unanimously adopted: "Resolved, That we keep step to the music of the Union, and stand by our Government and the Stars and Stripes, first, last and all the time.' " At a meeting held at Mackinaw, April 22, 1861, Win. Watson was made chairman and J. B. Mathews secretary. As an example of the strenuous feeling of the time we repro- duce the following resolution offered by Dr. J. P. Terrell: "Resolved, That Jeff. Davis & Co., are the biggest devils among ten thousand, and the ones altogether devilish." The above extracts show, to a limited extent, the spirit of the people at the beginning of the most momentous conflict in the world's his- tory. But a few days were required to raise a company of one hundred men, and but little difficulty was experienced during the first years of the war in keeping the ranks filled. Those who enlisted from western and eastern Tazewell during the earlier years were quar- tered at Peoria, and thence sent to Springfield for drill and equipment. The almost daily departure of these soldiers from their homes furnished many touching scenes of sorrow, as they started on a mission, the dangers of which could not be measured nor the results foretold. It was frequently the custom to present each company with a stand of colors, with the prayerful admonition to. guard it most sacredly, for it represented American sovereignty and national union. Such a presentation was made to the "Pekin Invincibles," on Saturday, April 27, 1861, by Mrs. H. P. Westerman, on behalf of the ladies of Pekin. Herewith is given the address made by Mrs. Westerman at that time: "Captain Montgomery: You and your com- pany have done well thus promptly to re- spond to your country's call. As you are about to march to her defense, we, your sisters and wives, have thought it fitting to present to you some kind memento of our love. We honor you for your patriotism; we trust in your val- or, and though sad to lose you, yet we freely bid you go. As you go, take this flag of our Union, 1he work of our hands, which we now entrust to your care. May it never trail in the dust. Protect it, defend it, and fight for it as you would for your country, your homes and the graves of those you hold dear. 'Liberty and Union,' — let that be your motto, and let its sentiments be deeply engraven on your hearts. The Union, we love it, and the more now that it is in peril. "'Sail on, oh Union, strong and great! Humanity with all its fears, With all the hopes of future years, Is hanging breathless on thy fate. Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea, Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee; Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, Are all with thee, are all with thee.' "Love the Union, and see to it that, so far as your actions are concerned, none of its stars shall be stricken out. As freemen, do valiant service in its defense. Be true to yourselves and to us. Disappoint not our hopes. Accept this banner: with calm unfaltering purpose, ever bear it aloft." James Roberts, on behalf of the company, responded in an appropriate manner, when Captain Montgomery placed the flag in charge of Leonard Martin, the standard-bearer, and the company gave three hearty cheers for the Union, the flag and the ladies. Thus it was that the boys in blue went to the front — the last memory of home and loved ones sanctified by patriotic utterances from the lips of those they left behind. During their absence in the army many measures of relief and aid were set on foot, not only for the soldiers in the field but for the families who were left at home. Various public bodies in the county donated sums of money, and associations were formed for the purpose of receiving and forwarding supplies, from time to time, .to the soldiers in the field, and to look after the comfort of those depend- ent upon them at home. At the Council meeting in the City of Pekin on April 20, 1861, Alderman Smith offered a resolution, which was adopted, appropriating r5-± HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. $300.00 to the volunteers, which amount was put in the shape of a loan to the state, as it was advanced by the City for State purposes. And the sum of $1000.00 was appropriated to assist the families of those who had gone to the front. Various means were used to raise money to defray the expenses of this work. Large sums were donated, but the chief reliance was upon entertainments given at various points. When any great battle had been fought or any other pressing emergency arose, appeals were made through the pivss. And the responses thereto were always of generous character. The most notable event that took place in this county, having for its object the alleviating of the suf- fering among the soldiers and of assisting their families at home, was under the auspices of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Pekin. A meet- ing was called at the Court House, August 6, 1864, to make arrangements to hold a County Sanitary Fair. Henry Riblet was chairman of this meeting, W. W. Clemens, secretary. The following named persons were elected officers of the Fair: President — Josnua Wagenseller; Vice Presi- dents — Joshua Sawyer, Tremont; Maj. R. N. Cullom, Deer Creek; William Dixon, Sand Prai- rie; Joshua Brown, Dillon; I. B, Hall, Delavan; Daniel Reid, Boynton; Samuel Woodrow, Cin- cinnati: Gordon Nichols, Elm Grove; A. S. Cole, Fond du Lac; Michael Hittle, Mackinaw; S. R. Crosby, Malone; Dr. G. W. Minier, Little Mackinaw; Daniel Albright, Hittle; Jacob Key- ser, Spring Lake; Dr. B. H. Harris, Groveland; Peter Weyrich, William S. Rankin, Teis Smith, I. B. Leonard, Pekin. Recording Secretary — B. F. Blossom; Assis- tant. Lemuel Allen. Corresponding Secretary — George H. Har- low. Treasurer — George Greigg. Executive Committee — Henry P. Wester- man,, William P. Chain, George Tomm, Reuben Bergstresser, George W. Ingalls, David Keyes, William Grant, Mrs. H. P. Westerman, Mrs. W. S. Rankin, Mrs. G. H. Harlow, Mrs. E. Rhodes, Mrs. T. D. Vincent, Mrs. Abram Haas, Mrs. Thomas King, Mrs. Daniel Harlow, Mrs. Sam- uel P. Higginson, Mrs. W. Amsbury, Mrs. Rob- ert Briggs, Mrs. Brearley, Mrs. W. W. Sellers, Mrs. G. W. Athens, Mrs. William P. Chain. A building was erected on Court Street for this special purpose, and the several depart ments of the fair were placed under able man- agement. The people throughout the County took a lively interest in its success, and, dur- ing three days of its duration, the proceeds were over Ave thousand dollars ($5000). At a meeting of the Board of Supervisors, May 2, 1861, Supervisor Pratt introduced a resolution declaring that, "Whereas, our forts, arsenals and govern- ment stores had been seized," and, "whereas, many of our children have volunteered in de- fense of our country, and have come forward with the same spirit that actuated our sires in the days of '7C, leaving their wives and children', homes and firesides, with their lives in their hands, periling their all at their country's call, and many of them without money or means to pay a single clay's board, and their families en- tirely unprovided for, trusting to the God of mercies for the means of their sustenance,"— therefore, "Resolved, that the Board pay their board and expense while and before being mustered into service; also maintain their families dur- ing their absence." The resolution was tabled, and a substitute offered by Supervisor Maus, and passed, to the effect that a committee be appointed to examine all accounts and expenses incurred in raising volunteers, as well as such relief as may be necessary for the support of the famil- ies of such married meit during their absence, and report the result to the Board. Said Com- mittee was appointed, and at the next meeting reported claims "for the support of women and children where husbands and fathers have vol- unteered," to the amount of $1,100. The whole matter was turned over to the Board, when $132.75 of the amount was allowed. Again Supervisor Pratt attempted to get aid for the volunteers by making a motion that $2.50 per week be allowed on all bills for boarding volunteers while being organized. This motion was also rejected. "While the Board was not as liberal in this respect as some would have had it, yet it paid out considerable money for the support of fam- ilies of soldiers. In September, 1864, the Board decided to give a bounty of $150 to each volunteer under the first call of that year for 500,000 i^en. In January, 1865, a bounty of $300 was offered. The sum of $128,000 was appropri- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. '55 ated to pay said bounty. This was based on the quota of the county being 400 ; but in February it was tound to exceed that number by 144, and a further sum of $53,000 was appropriated. To raise this a tax of three cents on the dol- lar was levied. A special assessment was made, and the tax collected in short order. The levy was made upon the property of sol- diers, which was unavoidable, but the Board subsequently refunded such tax. A complete roster of Tazewell County volun- teers in the war of the Rebellion forms a sep- arate chapter in this work. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. Tazewell County furnished 200 soldiers for the Spanish-American war. April 27, 1898, Company K of Delavan, and Company G of Pekin, both of the Fifth Illinois Regiment, left their respective homes for the Rendevous Sta- tion, Springfield. Company K in charge of Cap- tain Waikins and First and Second Lieuten- ants C. H. Ball and Dickinson, respectively; Company G being in charge of Capt. E. L. Conklin and First and Second Lieutenants E. H. Mullen and W. W. Sellers. These compan- ies were mustered into United States service May 4th, with J. S. Culver as Colonel and Frank Wells as Lieutenant-Colonel, and left Springfield for Chickamauga Park Camp on May 17th, being the first volunteer regi- ment to arrive there. The Fifth Illinois Vol- unteer Regiment was packed up for em- barking for war on July 4th, but this order from Washington was rescinded in favor of an Ohio regiment. Along about July 20th an- other order to move was given. The regiment marched to Rossville, Tenn., to embark for Porto Rico. While there a telegraph order was received by Colonel Culver to turn the transportation and travel rations over to the One Hundred and Sixtieth Indiana, and return to camp, which was done in a justly moody manner. This regiment was then given a new camp in the Park, and brigaded with the First Georgia and Thirty-first Michigan under Gen- eral Roe. On August 3d, the regiment again received orders to move. The regiment marched to Ringgold, Ga., and there boarded cars for Newport News. On arriving there a second time they were put in General Fred Grant's brigade. On August 10th, the reg- iment completely boardea the Obdam to go to Porto Rico, but fate seemed to have decreed otherwise. While on board the Colonel re- ceived an order from the Adjutant-General to disembark and form camp. This order was the result of the final consummation of the peace protocol on that date. After camping there about two weeks, this regiment moved by railroad transportation to Lexington, Ky., from which camp it left for Springfield, Illin- ois, arriving September 10th. The number and names of all those who en- listed from this county outside of Pekin have been difficult to secure. However, George Young, Dudley Brown, and Ben Pierce went from Washington; Ray Smith, J. L. McQueen, Guy, R. Smith, Frank Wood, Dod Kunce, Wil- liam Seiple, Ira. W. Fisher, Nathaniel Beal, Wil- liam Beal, Charles Nolder, and Leslie Hobson went from Hopedale; Jacob Hoffman, Jr., Wil- liam Reaugh from Mackinaw; Albert Bradley, George Copeland, and Charles Riddle went from Minier. On Saturday, September 10th, 1898, a tele- gram was received by Major Conklin, in this city, stating that Company G would arrive home on Monday morning, the 12th inst. The committee, having in charge the reception of Company G, were immediately notified, and citizens generally, to be on hand at the Court House square at 11 o'clock that morning, to welcome the return of the soldier boys. The day was proclaimed a holiday, and about 11 o'clock the train bearing the returning com- pany pulled into the city, and whistles and bells all over town announced their coming. As they clambered out of the coaches a mighty cheer went up from the enormous crowd, and for the time being the general public took them in hand. A procession was formed and upon ar- rival at the Court House they were welcomed by Mayor Sapp in the following address: "Members of Company G, Fifth Regiment: — I will not delay you with a long address of wel- come, for I see too many good looking ladies awaiting to deliver the addresses themselves, and I think that their welcome will be more agreeable to you. I will merely say, that it was my painful duty five months ago to say 'good-bye' to one hundred of our bravest and best young men, and it gives me great pleasure to see you back amongst us while I am still in a position to welcome you to the city." 756 HISTOEY OP TAZEWELL COUJSTTY Mayor Sapp was followed by a very appropri- ate address from Judge W. R. Curran. Long tables had been prepared in the Court House yard, and seats for one hundred and fifty had been proyided. Tables were loaded with good things to eat and beautifully decorated, while over them floated numerous suspended flags and streamers. Dinner consisted of one hundred chickens, roast beef, veal loaf, spiced eggs, coffee, ice cream, with other delicious edibles too numerous to mention. The boys enjoyed the whole thing exceedingly, and at the end of thirty days at home they returned to Springfield and were mustered out October 16, 1898. The boys were disappointed that they had not been able to get to the front, but it was not their fault. James Arnold Washington Lin- coln Jackson Gibson was a little darkey, and Company G's mascot, and attracted quite as much attention as any one individual connect- ed with the organization. The following were members of Company G: OFFICERS. Captain E. L. Conklin, First Lieutenant, E. H. Mullen, Second Lieutenant, W. W. Sellers. PRIVATES. F. K. Peyton, J. C. Boling, TJ. E. Abrahams, Herman Bleeker, A. L. Dhonau, C. Ayres, W. A. Koch, H. T. Mattheessen, J. T. Nedderman, L. Wieburg. D. Pressley, C. H. Orr, C. E. Cooper, C. Sackenreuther, A. Fullgraff, A. Duffln, G. Jerger, J. Eldridge, W. J. Schneider, J. St. Cerny, C. L. May, S. W. Clark, L. Strubble, W. H. Weinheimer M. E. Spafford, A. Kittner, C. Heberer, H. S. Brink, H. Heren, S. Miller, T. J. Edwards, T. Bevans, G. Fisher, F. Weber, T. Heffner, T. Fuller, G. C. Frazier, A. Hofferbert, F. D. Hyers, C. A. Wright, F. M. Miller, S. Alexander, E. T. Conaghan, W. G. Fair, O. Jacobs, E. A. Knoll, J. Morris, C. Schaefer, T. O. Kitchner, J. Pressley, J. B. Feldman, J. Ziegler, M. H. Kaufman, A. Hartley, R. Holehan, F. J. Neef, O. J. Albertsen, E. P. Ross, J. E. McCoy, F. Spencer, F. M. Price, S. Shilling, M. Remmers, A. Gebhardt, W. E. Stropes, G. Vogelsang, C. Heckman, H. Aldridge, G. Munson, A. Lindsay, H. E. Washburn, W. S. Castleman, A. E. Hecker, C. Breidigham, E. H. Smith, B. W. Purdy, E. E. Thompson, E. Heck. Those who were afterwards recruited, and left here June 15th with Sergeant Wright, were: — Wm. F. Cowel, Otto Weyrich, Fred Dooley, Henry Johns, John Brady, Justin V. Smith, Hugo Hardt, George Seeley, Wm. Staudinger, Charles Van Dyke, Wm. Freiday, John P. McMullen James J. Slater, Henry Huebner, Charles Louis Kreigsman, Oscar Van Boening, Earl Robinson, Fred G. Kraft, Wm. Albee, Percy McWhorter, James McLees, Richard Neef. H1ST0KY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 757 CHAPTER XI. TAZEWELL COUNTY VOLUNTEERS. REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEM EXl.lsTED EROM TAZEWELL COUNTY DUR- 1XG CIVIL WAR. Abbre% iutions. abs. . . .Absent int . Infantry art . Artillery kid . . . . Killed Col Colonel Lieut . . Lieutenant Capt . . Captain m. o. . .Mustered out corpl . . Corporal pris .Prisoner com . Commissioned pro Promoted cav . Cavalry regt . Regiment capd Captured res . .resigned dis Disability sergt . Sergeant d . . Discharged tr. .Transferred e . . . . Enlisted v . .Veteran hos . Hospital wnd Wounded SEVENTH INFANTRY. The Seventh was mustered in at Camp Yates, April 25, 1861, and claims to be the first regiment organized in the State under the first call of the President for ninety-day troops. It was re-organized and mustered in for three- years' service, July 25, 1861, and went into winter quarters at Fort Holt, in Kentucky. It took part in the siege and investment of Fort Donelson under command of Lieut.-Col. Bab- cock, and lost Ihree men killed and nineteen wounded. On April 6th and 7th, at the battle of Shiloh, it lost two officers and fifteen men killed and seventy-nine wounded. October 3 and 4, 1862, at the Battle of Corinth, two officers and six men were killed, 4G wounded and 21 taken prisoners. December 22, 1863, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and started to Springfield, 111., on January 7, 1864, for veteran furlough. It was mustered out July 9, 1865, at Louisville, Ky., and paid off and discharged at Camp But- ler July 12th. Colonel — A. J. Babcock, e., July 21, '61, res. Feb. 20, '63. Privates — Hoffman, Theo., e. Feb. 22, '65, in Co. B, m May 23, '65. Divine, M., e. July 25, '61, in Co. C. v., m. July 8, '65. Company E. Second Lieutenants — Mark V. Miller, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 25, '64. W. W. Judy, e., July 25, '61, m. o. July 25, '64. First Sergeant — W. H. Miller, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 16, '65. o. o. Privates — Barnes, L. D., e. July 25, '61, v. d. for pro. in 3rd U. S. Col. Inf. Burwell, J A. Burwell A. W., e. Feb.' 10, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Burwell, W. H., e. Aug. 12, '62, kid. Oct. 5, '64. Brown, L., e. Sept. 1, '61, tr. to V. R. C. Bertlitt, Homer M., e. Oct. 1, '61, v., tr. V. R. C. Carr, S. P., e. Aug. 12, '62, died April 26, '64. Forbes, A. W., e. Aug. 12, '62, pro. capt. in 3rd U. S. Col. Inf. Forbes, John B. Forbes, John S., e. Aug. 12, '62. Gardiner, Thos., e. Feb. '64, wnd. Gardiner, Hiram, died Dec. 1, '61. Gardiner, A., v., m. o. July 9, '65. Hickey, Edward, v., pro. sergt., wnd. Hainline, T. B., v., in. o. July 9, '65. Hainline, S., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. June 2, '65. Hainline, J. F., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. June 2, '65. Hainline, O., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. July 2, '65 Hainline, A., e. Feb. 2, '64, m. o. June 29, '65. Hainline, E., e. Feb. 12, '64, kid. Feb. 1, '65. Huston, C, e. Feb. 18, '64, m. o., July 9, '65. Ewing, S. H., e. Feb. 18, '64, in hos. at m. o. Jones, W. R., e. Sept. 15, '61, v., ru. o. July 9, '65, sergt. Jones, S. H., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. June 2, '62. Kampf, Wm. H., e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Kampf, M. R., e. Feb. 2, '64, kid. Oct. 5. '64. Kelley, Wm. H., e. Jan. 30, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Keates, Wm. S. Leise, John L., e. Sept. 28, '64, d. June 2, '65. Lancaster, R., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. July 25, '64. Lancaster, J., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. June 2, '65. Miller, G. L. Paugh, H. H., e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Paugh, Peter, e. Feb. 2, '64, died Jan, 21, '65. Robinson, S., e. Sept. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 9, '65. Roberts, D. C, e. Feb. 2 ,'64, kid. Oct. 5, '64. Roles, J. P., e. Dec. 21, '61, v., m. o. July 9, '65. Stafford, W. G., e. Sept. 15, '61, m. o. Nov. 12, '64. Sullivan, G., e. Feb. 10, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Smith, Wm., v., res. Oct. 5, '64. Thompkins, J. Q., e. Feb. 25, '64, m. o. July 1, '65. Thornton, A. W., died Nov. 26, '61. Verry, Wm. E., e. Feb. 2, 64, wnd. Watt, T. H., e. Aug. 12, '64, d. June 2, '65. Watt, S., e. Aug. 78, '64, d. June 2, '65. Watt, J. W., e. Feb. 2. '64, kid. Oct. 5, '64. i"58 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Wood, W-, e. July 25, '61, died Nov. 12, '61. Allen, L. E., e. Sept. 15, '61, v., kid. Oct. 5, '64. Allen J. B., e. Oct. 1, '64, pris. Barnes, Lor. D. (No. 2), e. Oct. 1, '61, v., m. o. July 9, '65. Brooks, F. M., e. Sept. '61, died June 3, '62, Sergt. Brooks, G. G, e. Feb. 5, '64, m. o. June 22, '65. Booher, T. J., e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Burk, J. T., e. Oct. 31, '63, kid. Oct. 5, '64. Burk, L. A., e. Feb. 10, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Coffman, Peter, e. Sept. 29, '64, d. June 2, '65. Decker, Joel, e. Feb. 5, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Decker, D., e. Sept. 1, '63, d. April 20, '65. Dillon, Aaron, e. Sept. 28, '64, d. June 2, '65. Friend. H. B., e. Feb. 9, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Gardner, J., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. July 9, '65. Roelelson, A. N., e. Oct. 31, '63, in. o. July 9, '65. Reed, J. C, e. Feb. 15, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Stroud. L. C, e. Mar. 22, '64, kid. Oct. 5, '64. Scates, J. W., e. Feb. 25. '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Warfleld, J. H., e. Sept. 28, '64. d. June 2, '65. Warfleld, P. B., e. Sept. 28, '64, d. June 2, '65. Ambrose, M. H., e. Feb. 14, '65, in Co. H, m. o. July 9, '65. Company K. Privates — Brooks, Geo., e. Feb. 5, '64. Brooks, Wm. Barnes, Wm. Barnes, Lorenzo Decker, John. Friend, Henry. Robinson, Geo. Robinson, Wm. Left, John. Hainline, John. Galbraith, Michael. Thornton, Watson. Gillroy, T. Beal, Jesse, e. July 25, '61. Nolan, John. Company D. Privates — Burk, James. Cratty, David. Landan, L., e. July 25, '61, d. Nov. 6, '61. Morman, L. J., e. July 25, '61. v., m. o. July 9, '65. Ralson, John. Ralson, A. Roberts, D. C, e. April 14, '61, m. o. May 11, '65. Sparrow, J. M., e. July 25, '61, d. Oct. 24, '61. Tomblin, W. H., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 9, '65. Ward, M. T. Williamson, Thos. A. Turner, John D. Garrety, Albert. EIGHTH INFANTRY. This regiment was organized April 12, 1861, for the three-months' service with Col. Richard J. Oglesby in command; it served its three- months' term at Cairo, and on July 25, 1861, it was reorganized for the three-years' service. After remaining at Cairo until Octobert, it was stationed at Bird's Point, Mo., until Feb. 2, 1862; it was engaged in the attack on Fort Donelson, Lieut-Col. Rhoads being in command, Col. Oglesby commanding the brigade. On the 15th the enemy attempted to cut their way out of the fort, and for three hours and a half the Eighth engaged them in battle with a loss of 57 killed, 191 wounded and 10 missing. In the battle of Pittsburg. Landing, towards the close of the second day, the regiment charged a rebel battery. The loss here was 26 killed, 95 wounded and 11 missing. It was engaged at the siege of Corinth and Thence went to Jackson, Tenn., thence to La Grange, and in November as far into Mississippi as Water Valley, returning to Tallahatchie liver, where it broke camp January 4, 1863, and arrived at Memphis on the 19th of January. On February 22, it embarked for Lake Providence, and in April moved to Milliken's Bend. Shortly after it struck the river at Perkin's Landing and crossed over on the night of the 39th; on the next day in the fight on Thompson's Hill, Capt. Jones was severely wounded, and Capt. Frank Deeper, Company A, was killed in a se- vere battle near Raymond. After participating in several lights the regiment arrived at Vicks- burg on the 19th of May, and on the 22nd en- gaged in the assault on Fort Hill. It remained at Vicksburg until Feb. 3, 1864, when it joined the Meridian campaign under Gen. Sherman. It reinlisted as veterans March 24, 1864, and went to Camp Butler, 111., on veteran furlough. It was afterwards transferred to Mississippi, and on July 7th, engaged in a severe skirmish with the enemy three miles from Jackson, suf- fering a loss of three killed, 21 wounded and two missing. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 759 After being stationed at several different points, on January 1, 1865, it left Memphis for New Orleans, where it arrived on the 4th and was stationed 15 miles above the city. In this vicinity it engaged in several encounters and in a charge on the enemy's works, on April 9th, lost 10 killed and 54 wounded. The regiment was mustered out May 4,' 1866, at Baton Rouge, La., and paid off and dis- charged at Springfield, May 13, 1866. Colonel — Frank L. Rhaods, e. April 25, '61, res., Oct. 7, '62. Josiah A. Sheets, e. July 25, '61, to bvt. brig.- gen., res. Feb. 9, '66. Quartermaster — ■ Samuel Rhoads, e. July 25, '61., v., m. o. May 4, '66. Sergeant-Major — Wm. Jones, e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Company D. Privates— Brich, C. N., e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Rodgers, D. B., e. Jan 25, '65, m. o. Jan. 4, '66. Woodland, W., e. Jan. 25, '65, m. o. Jan. 24, '66. Hawley, J. B./e. July 17, '61, d. July 16,'64. Company E. Sergeants — ■ Jos. E. Harbin, e. July 25, '61, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, '62. B. F. Lawson, e. July 25, '61, d. Mar. 14, '64. Privates— Beathan, D., e. July 25, '61, m. o. Aug. 27, '64. Thompson, E. H., e July 25, '61, kid. Feb. 15, '62. Mananville, F. K., e. Mar. 8, '64, d. of wnd. July 27, '64. Steward, Isaiah, e. Nov. 30, '63. Brown, B. W., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Thompson, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Company F. Privates — Joseph M. Haima, e. April 30, '61, kid at Fort Donelson. Edwin L. Williams, e. July 25, '61, term exp'rd July 28, '64. Alexander Coleman, e. July 25, '61, v., hon. dis. July 9, '65. J. S. Hight, e. July 25, '61, v., res. Aug. 18, '65. W. S. Walters, e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. First Lieutenants — R. Brown, e. July 25, '61, term exp'rd July 28, '64. Jos. Groves, e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Second Lieutenants — D. A. Sheets, e. July 25, '61, kid. in battle. J. D. Handbury, e, July 25, '61, res. Aug. 31, '62. Ketcham S. Conklin, e. July 25, '61, term ex. July 28, '64. Matthew Harrington, e. July 25, '61, v., hon. dis. June 9, '65. Sergeants — F. M. Morgan, e. July 25, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. W. H. Howell, e. July 25, '61, kid. Mt. Donelson. Corporals — N. Thomas, e. July 25, '61, d. April 28, '62, dis. J. C. Fitzgerald, e. July 25, '61, kid. Vicksburg. J. Shilling, e. July 25, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. C. W. Tooker, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Musicians — A. R. Morgan, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. W. J. Breaden, e. July 25, '61, d. Nov. 23, '63, dis. Privates— Aukey, J., e. July 25, '61, died Dec. 21, '61. Ackerson, J. G., e. July 25, '61, died Jan. 26, '62. Brunner, J. G., e. July 25, '61, dis. July 29, '63. Brunes, J., e. July 25, '61, died June 4, '65. Bensel, J., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Bryen, E., e. July 25, '61, d. Casey, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. May 4, '66. Carroll, M., e. July 25, '61, died April 10, '62. Doolittle, I. B., e. July 25, '61, v., pro. sergt., m. o. May 4, '66. Fumal, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. May 4, '66. Grigsley, F. M. e. July 25, '61, c, d., dis. Aug. 31, '65. Hill, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Hutchinson, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Hoffes, N., e. July 25, '61. Hart, B. F., e. July 25, '61, d. dis. July 14, '62. Hartshorn, C. E., e. July 25, '61, kid. at Ft. Donelson. Hite, J. E., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Hite, Wm., e. July 25, '61. Hite, T. V., e. July 25, '61. Hungerford, R. M., e. July 25, '61, d., dis. April 28, '62. Hunter, C, e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Hohl, E., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Hanks, W., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Holmes, D., e. July 25, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. Hall, R., e. July 25, '61. 760 HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. Lappin, J., e July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Leesman, C, e. July 25, '61, died Sept. 1, '61. Longsmith, P. M., e. July 25, '61. Morris, H., e. July 25, '61, dis. Sept. 24, '62. Minty, C, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Multen, T., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Miller, H., e. July 25, '61. Muloane, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Miller, P., e. July 25, '61, v., d. dis. May 27, '65. McJunkin, A., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. MeGrath, O., e. July 25, '61, d. dis. Feb. 28, '63. Murphy, J., e. July 25, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. Mowery, S., e. July 25, '61. Moss, J. G., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66, sergt. McJunkins, R. H, e July 25, '61, v.," m. o. May 4, '66. McDaniel, A., e. July 25, '61, died Dec. 14, '61. O'Conner, John, e. July 25, '61. Owens, John, e. July 25, '61, kid. at Shiloh. Powell, John, e. July 25, '61, d. dis. July 4, '62. Platts, E., e. July 25, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. Rummell, A., e. July 25, '61, died Dec. 1, '61. Reed, John, e. July 25, '61, v. Rich, S., e. July 25, '61. Schenck, Jos., e. July 25, '61, died of wnds. rec'd at Vicksburg. Squibbs, T., e. July 25, '61, died of wnds. rec'd at Jackson, Miss. Staher, Jos., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Scott, J. W., e. July 25, '61, pro. sergt. Skinner, L., e. July 25, '61. died Nov. 16, '61. Sweeney, W. H., e. July 25, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Taylor, G., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64.. Whetstone, Jos., e. July 25, '61. Whitefoot, J. B., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Ward, W. B., e. July 25, '61, tr. to gunboat. Ward, Alt, e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Wilson, J. H., e. July 25, '61, d. dis. Oct. 24, '61. Warner, W. H., e. July 25, '61, d. dis. Mar. 17, '63. Watkins, J. W., e. July 25, '61. Walters, W. S., e. July 25, '61, v., pro. first lieut. Walters, T. B., e. July 25, '61, died Sept. 19, '63. Ziegler, A., e. July 25, '61, d. dis. Mar. 15, '63. Recruits — Bush, Isaac, e. Jan. 6, '64, m. o. May 4, '66. Brushman, Dirk, e. July 28, '61. Carr, Benj., e. Feb. 13, '64. Coplen, W., e. Jan. 4, '64, m. o. May 4, '65. Colloway. Washington, m. o. Aug. 31, '65. Cohenoar, Wm., e. Jan. 4, '64, m. o. May 4, '66. Duflield, H. C, m. o. June 5, '65. Devore, N., e. Feb. 7, '64,' died Nov. 26, '64. Davis, J. M., died Aug. 29, '65. Gilmore, Jas., m. o. May 4, '66. Hite, W., e. Nov. 6, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66, corp'l. Hughes, Andrew, m. o. Dec. 30, '65. Higgins, Jas., e. Feb. 25, '64, died Dec. 31, '64. Hart, David, died Jan. 22, '63. McKay, D., e. Feb. 15, 64, m. o. May 4, '66. Martin, E. S., e. Nov. 15, '61, d. dis. Aug. 15, '62. McJunkins, Wm., m. o. Aug. 22, '65. Peters, P., e. Feb. 18, '64, m. o. May 4, '66. Philips, Louis, died Jan. 8, '63. Reed, H. B., d. dis. April 1, '63. Shearer, Julius, m. o. Aug. 12, '65. Shaw, Augustus, m. o. Feb. 16, '66. Stewart, Jas., e. Jan. 1, '64, died April 14, '64. Warmsley, Wm., Aug. 13, '65. Wilson, Haslip. Company I. Wm. Schlag, e. July 25, '61, m. o. May 4, '66. Second Lieutenants — Deitrich Smith, e. July 25, '61. m. o. Sept. 3, '62. H. Barkmeyer, e. Aug. 2, '61, v., m. o. May 4, '66. Privates — Block, J., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64, sergt. Fluth, G., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Recruits — • Ahrens, A., e. Feb. C, '64, m. o. May 4, '66. Hopman, D., e. Aug. 2, '61, kid. Ft. Donelson. Hills, J., e. Aug. 19, '61, m. o. July 18, '64. Kalmbuch, R., e. Jan. 5, '64, tr. to hvy. art. Miller, H., e. Aug. 22, '61, d. dis. Oct. 22, '62. Petry, G., e. Aug. 2, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Roehm, T., e. Aug. 2, '61, died April 20, '62, of wnds. Renstmann, John, e. Aug 19, '61. Lorrin, Otto, e. Jan. 25. '64, m. o. July 4, '66. Smith, B., e. Jan. 15, '61, m. o. July 14, '64. Company K. Privates — Cloud, Wm., e. July 25, '61, m. o. July 30, '64. Cloud, G., e. July 25, '61, d. Oct. 17, '61. HISTOEY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 7C1 Cloud, Geo. Cloud, B., e. July 25, '61, d. dls. April 7, '63. Smith, John O. FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. Company A. Sergeant — John W. Keithly, e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Corporal — C. T. Robinson, e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept 16, '65. Privates — Bryson, Jas., e. Mar. 1, '65. Chapman, H. W., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. July 8, '65. Eade, G. T., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. June 12, '65. Farrell, J., e. Mar. 1. '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Griffen, P., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Howarth, T., e. Mar. 1, '65, abs. sick, m. o. Haynes, M., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Mace, Jos., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Noble, Jas., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Noble, Wm. T., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sep.t 16, '65. Phillips, Isaac, e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 16, '65. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. Company B. Privates — Learks, Horace, e. May 25, '61. Carey, Michael, e. May 29, '61. Howard, T., e. June 24, '61. Hawley, J. B., e. July 17, '61, d. July 16, '64. Hackett, B., e. May 29, '61, d. July 24, '61. Quick, David, e. May 29, '61. Company G. Dennis, J. C, e. May 25, '61. Kopp, Ferdinand, e. May 25, '61. Lightcap, John F., e. May 25, '61. Leonard, John J., e. May 25, '61, v. Swartz, E. O., e. May 25, '61, d. wnd, Feb. 10, '62. Stewart, Isaiah, e. May 25, '61, v. Waughop, J. W., e. May 25, '61. Waughop, J. L., e. May 25, '61, d. Sept. 6, '62, of wnds. Glenns, G., e. Feb. 20, '62, m. o. Feb. 19, '65. Jackquim, V., e. May 25, '61, d. May 16, '62. Narni, E., e. May 25, '61, tr. to gunboat. Hammond, Wm. M., e. May 25, '61, d. dis. Nov. 28, '61. Chandler, S., e. May 28, '61, tr. to gunboat. Maranville, F. A., e. Mar. 8, '64. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. Company K. First Lieutenant — David Harmon, e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Second Lieutenants — Silas Biggerstaff, e. Mar. 4, '65, d. July 15, '65. Richard Land, e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Corporals — Chas. B. Johnson, e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. M. Buck, e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Philip Sutton, e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Musician — Thomas Anderson, e. Mar. 4, '65. Privates — Fulford, Jas., e. Mar. 4, '65. Gholstan; M. F., e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Garrison, Alex., e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Nance, J., e. Mar. 4, '65, m. o. Dec. 16, '65, corpl. Wallace, Mathew, e. Mar. 10, '65, in Co. D, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. Prosser, Daniel W., e. Mar. 30, '65, in Co. D, m. o. Dec. 16, '65. TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Company K. First Sergeant — Lorenzo N. Perry, e. Dec. 13, '61, appointed hospital steward U. S. A. Sergeant — Henry Allen, e. Dec. 21, '61, v., pro. second lieut. Corporals — Wm. N. Steers, e. Dec. 25, '61. Jesse H. Fisher, e. Dec. 5, '61, d. dis. Feb. 10, '63. Privates — Burnell, J., e. Dec. 21, '61, d. dis. Oct. 6, '62. Carr, D., e. Dec. 1, '61, dis. May 30, '62. Darnell, V., e. Dec. 1, '61, v., pro. sergt. Flenniken, H. C, e. Dec. 31, '61, v., m. o. July 20, '65. Hill, P., e. Dec. 21, '61, wnd. both arms at Iuka, Miss., d. dis. June 30, '63. McKay, J., e. Dec. 12, '61, v., died April 10, '64. 7(12 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Long, W. A., e.' Dec. 31, '61, v., m. o. July 20, '65. McCormick, J., e. Dec. 1, '61, v., m. o. July 20, '65. Sands, T., e. Jan. 17, '62, v., m. o. July 20, 65, wnd. Staples, S., e. Jan. 17, '62, v., m. o. July 20, '65. Wood, E. A., e. Dec. 28, '61, v., m. o. July 20, '65. Recruits — Baker, Robt, B., v., m. o. July 20, '65. Berry, Emanuel,, m. o. July 20, '65. Darnell, Jas. P., died Mar. 10, '62. Davis, John W. Davidson, Carneralsy, m. o. July 20, '65. Franklin, W. H., v., m. o. July 20, '65, corpl. Lyons, Wm. B. Mathews, M. L.. e. Feb. 2, '62, v., m. o. July 20, '65. Miller, T. M., m. o. July 20, '65. Slack, Abraham, m. o. July 20, '65. Spay, Isaiah, e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Nash, George, m. o. July 27, '65. TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Company E. Privates — Cowen, J. F., e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd. Chicka- mauga, died May 22, '64. Pollard, J. S., e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd., m. o. Sept. 20, '64. Pemberton, G. W., e. Aug. 12, '61, d. dis. '61. Rochester, S., e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd., m. o. Sept. 20, '64. Rankin, Marcellus, e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd., m. o. Sept. 20, '64. Trent, John A., e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd., m. o. Sept. 20, '64. TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Organized at Camp Butler, Aug. 18, '61. On February 15, 1862, at Little Bethel Church, near Ft. Henry, a detachment of 60 men re- pulsed a force of 500 of the enemy. In the battle of Pittsburg Landing early in the day of April 7, 1862, it supported Gen. Prentiss and held a position in the peach orchard under a destructive fire for seven hours, and was finally ordered by General Hurlbut to retire During the two days of fighting at Pittsburg Landing, it suffered a loss of 229 killed and wounded. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth during the month of May, 1862, and in that of Vicksburg from June 11 to July 4, 1863. On the 12th of July near Jackson, Miss., the regiment was ordered to charge a strong line of the enemy's works, mounting" twelve guns and defended by 2,000 men. The regi- ment numbering 128 men, swept bravely for- ward under a destructive fire of grape and cannister. They were attacked on both flanks by overwhelming numbers and compelled to fall back with 73 killed and wounded, and 16 taken prisoners. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans on the 4th of January, 1864, and participated in the advance on Spanish Fort, March 27, 1865. Company A. Privates — Edwards, J., e. Aug. 1, '61, v., m. o. Mar. 15, '66. Readdinger, J., e. Aug. 1, '61, d. Aug. 26, '64. Company B. Privates — Blair, Greenbury, e. Aug. 17, '61, v. Hisel, Wm., e. Aug. 17, d. dis. McGhee, W. T., e. Aug. 17, v., m. o Mar. 15, '66. Williams, Forner, e. Aug. 17. Williams, P. C, e. Jan. 5, '64, m. o Mar. 15, '66. Pryor, Alfred S., Aug. 27, '61. Company K. Privates — ■ Estes, Wm., e. Aug. 12, '61, d. dis. Oct. 19, '62. Fleming, T. J., e. Aug. 12, '61, m. o. Sept. 18, '64 Gardner, Wm. W., e. Aug. 12, '61, wnd., died Jan. 19, '63. Hurst, Merritt, e. Aug. 12, '61. Hunter, J., e. Aug. 18, '61, wnd., pro. sergt. Hunter, G. K., e. Aug. 12, 61, m. o. Oct. 10, '64. Miller, S. J., e. Aug. 12, '61, v., wnd., m. o. Mar. 18 '60. Scotr, J. K., e. Aug. 12, '61, died Oct. 6, '62, wnd. Stockard, C. E., e. Aug. 12, .'61, died May 9, '62. Wooders, Geo., e. Aug. 12, '61, died Mound City. Duff, Jas., e. Mar. 6, '65, m. o. Mar 6, '66. Fleming, Thos. H., e. Mar. 22, '65. Sl4i*n S *// J=>t*b?tsA*r*a Cc HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. res Jackson, Henry, e. Mar. 22, '65. Jarvis, J. W., e. Mar. 22, '65, m, o. Mar. 15, '66. Ryan, Michael, e. Mar. 22, '65. Samuels, Jas. S., e Mar. 18, '65, pro. 2d lieut. Boyd, R. M., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. May 23, '65. THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. On September 8, 1861, the Thirty-first was organized under command of John A. Logan, at Cairo, 111.; was engaged in the battle of Belmont, November 7, 1861, at Ft. Donelson, B^ebruary ]3, 14 and 15, and in the siege of Corinth, May 18, 1862. In 1863 it was engaged in scouting through Mississippi and Tennes- see. On May 2, 1863, the regiment engaged the enemy at Thomson's Hill, and was vic- torious; defeated the enemy the next day at Bayou Pierre and again at Jackson. It took part in the entire siege of Vicksburg, losing two officers, eight men killed and forty wound- ed in a charge on Ft. Hill. On May 3, 1864, after having been in Illinois on veteran furlough, the regiment left Cairo and joined Sherman's Army at Ackworth, and on November 15th started with Sherman on his "March to the Sea." It was mustered out July 19, 1865, and were finally discharged and paid off July 31, 1865, at Springfield, 111. Its muster roll included the following: Colonel — Edwin S. McCook, e. Aug. 10, '61, pro. bvt. brig.-gen. Musicians — John J. Fuller, m. o. July 19, '65. John Turrell, m. o. Sept.. '64. Company I. Captain — Isaac Wert, e. Aug. 25, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. First Lieutenants — John J. Currey, res. Dec. 26, '63. F. W. Stickney, e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. Second Lieutenants — Robert A. Bowman, e, Aug. 10, '61, res. Mar. 29, '62. David West, e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65, sergt. First Sergeant — Alexander H. Sutton, e. Aug. 15, '61. Sergeants — Edwin D. Lampitt, e. Aug. 15, '61, d. May 10, - '62. T. C. Murphy, e. Aug. 15, '61, m. o. Sept., 1864. Corporals — James H. Miller, e. Aug. 15, '61, died at Ander- sonville, grave No. 2157. Chas. Gheen, e. Aug. 15, '61. Chas. M. Emiltan, e. Aug. 15, '61, d. dis. Oct. 31, '61. John B. Reynolds, e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July lb', '65, sergt. wagoner. Wm. Parker, e. Aug. 15, '61. Privates — Adams, John, e. Aug. 15, '61. v. Barr, Hugh, e. Aug. 15, '61, pro. sergt. Benson, Wm., e. Aug. 15, '61. Beckwith, J. E., e. Aug. 15, '61, v., kid. July 21, '64. Blankton, T. J., e. Aug. 10, '61. Brown, C. W., e. Aug. 15, '61, died Nov. 16, '62. Dickey, Jacob, e. Aug. 15, '61. Drake, Ed., e. Aug. 15, '61. Edson, Henry, e. Aug. 15, '61. Hoffman, Thos., e. Aug.' 15, '61. Jones, Henry, e. Aug. 15, '61. Kelley, John, e. Aug. 15, '61, d. May 10, '62. Marvin, H., e. Aug. 15, '61, d. Mar. 8, '62, wnd. Mathews, J., e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. Mickle, J., e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. O'Brien, J., e. Aug. 15, '61, d. Mar. 14, '62. Reardon, Jas., e. Aug. 15, '61, d. July 29, '64, wnds. Roney, Jas., e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. Shidler, John, e. Aug. 15, '61, kid. July 22, '64. Spillman, J., e. Aug. 15, '61, d. May 14, '62, wnds. Taylor, W., e. Aug. 15, '61, d. Dec. 6, '61. Van Kiper, E., e. Aug. 15, '61, v., m. o. July 19, '65. Eastland, M. J., e. Sept. 10, '61, v., m. o. June 17, '65. Fuller, F. G., e. Sept. 10, '61. Fuller, P. B., e. Sept. 10, '61, d. Mar. 17, '62. Orwin, Thos. P., e Sept. 10, '61. Stevens, C, e.' May 15, '62, m. o. May 31, '65. Nelson, A., e. Mar. 1, '65, d. at Camp Butler. 7G± HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Privates — Moore, Wm. S-, e. Sept. 23, '64, in Co. B., m. o. June 3, '65. Wood, J., e. Feb. 14, '65, in Co. B„ m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Conmpany I. Privates — McCormick, Thos., e. Oct. 14, '61. Abbott, Geo., e. Nov. 1, '61, dis. Aug. 18, '62. Calhoun, John A., e. Oct. 25, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 16, '65. Smith, Jacob, e. Nov. 17, '61. Straker, P. B., e. Dec. 24, '61. Sill, David, e. Dec. 26, '61. Sinus, W. J., e. Dec. 26, '61, died of wnds. Young, Peter, e. Nov. 17, '61. Griffey, Daniel, e. Jan. 16, '62. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Major — Andrew Pollard, e. Aug. 15, '61, m. o. Mar. 20, '66. Privates — Beezley, John F., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., pro. 1st lieut. Co. F. Carpenter, Horace G., e. Aug. 16, '61, in Co. F, m. o. Mar. 14, '64, wnd. Richmond, Frank, e. Aug. 16, '61, in Co. F, m. o. Sept. 9, '64. Company G. Second Lieutenant — A. J. Rankin, e. Aug. 15, '61, res. Feb. 8, '62. First Sergeant — V. Rector, e. Aug. 26, '61, d. dis. Aug. 20, '62. Sergeants — J. Murphy, e. Aug. 26, '61. Geo. H. Daniel, e. Aug. 26, '61, m. o. Sept. 26, '64. Privates — Bequeath, N., e. Aug. 26, '61, m. o. Sept. 16, '64. Howel, John, e. Aug. 26, '61, died May, '64. Howel, E., e. Aug. 26, '61, died Jan. 20, '62. Leonard, W., e. Aug. 26, '61, v., Mar. 20, '66. McNutcheon, Jas. A., e. Aug. 26, '61, died Dec. 8, '61. Whitaker, W. W., e. Aug. 26, '61, d. Nov. 7. '61, dis. sergt. Wiseman, J., e. Aug. 26, '61, m. o. Mar. 20 '66. Patten, W. T., e. Aug. 26, '61, v., m. o. Mar. 20, '66. Blizzard, T. T„ died Jan. 12, '65, wnds. Moore, D. K., d. dis. June 3, '63. Harrison, J., e. Jan. 23, '64, m. o. Mar. 29, '66. Unassigned Recruits — Carey Patrick, e. Mar. 1, '64. Gerrety, Martin, e. Mar. 1, '64. O'Neil, James, e. Mar. 1, '64. Swift, John, e. Mar. 1, '64. Bruce, James, e. Oct. 19, '64. Clark, John, e. Oct. 20, '64. Callahan, John. e. Oct. 20, '64. Clark, Chas., e. Oct. 20, '64. Doyle, Frank, e. Oct. 20, '64. Greenham, James, e. Oct. 20, '64. Heoffman, Geo., e. Oct 20, '64. Miller, John, e. Oct. 20, '64. Roberts, John, e. Oct. 20, '64. FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The regiment was organized in August, 1861, at Camp Ellsworth, Chicago. On September 14th, it left for St. Louis. It received its arms there and left for Jefferson City, from there it went to Sedalia and was assigned to Gen. Sigel's division. It moved to Springfield, Mo., on October 13th and November 9th it took up quarters at Rolla, where it remained during the winter. On February 2, 1862, it took up the line of march towards Springfield > from whence it followed the rebel Gen. Price to Camp Halleck, Ark., where it remained until March 5th. On the next day the rear guard was attacked by the rebel forces under Van Dora, Price and McCullough, who were re- pulsed. This was the beginning of the battle of Pea Ridge, in which the rebels were dis- astrously defeated, and in which the Forty- fourth took a prominent part. Following up the retreat of the enemy, this regiment took hundreds of prisoners. On the 8th of May they started to Little Rock, but changed their course to Cape Girardeau, Mo., two hundred miles distant, on the Mississippi River, and from there proceeded by water to Pittsburg Landing. The regiment was attached to Gen. Pope's army after the evacuation of Cor- inth, and soon after went into camp at Brenzo. In September the regiment was transferred to Louisville, Ky., where it was reorganized HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 765 under Maj.-Gen. Buell and started on the mem- orable campaign after Bragg. It took part in the battle of Perryville under Gen. Sher- man, after which it went to Bowling Green, where Gen. Rosecrans assumed command, and on November 4th it started for Nashville, re- maining there till December 26th, when it moved against the rebels at Murfreesboro. In the bloody battle of Stone River the Forty- fourth took a prominent part, losing more than half its number in killed and wounded. It remained there till June, 1863, when it marched to meet the enemy; arrived at Cowan's Station, July 2d, then marched to Stevenson, Ala., driving the rebels. August 21st the movement against Chattanooga began, and the regiment took part in the bloody con- flict September 19th and 20th. It was fore- most in the desperate charge upon Mission Ridge, General Sherman giving it praise for having placed one of the first flags upon the rebel works. November 27th it set out on a forced march to Knoxville, one hundred and fifty miles distant; arriving three days after the siege had been raised by General Burn- side. At Blain's Cross Roads, while in camp, the troops were on the point of starvation several times, having for days at a time, noth- ing but corn in the ear, and but a limited sup- ply of that. Nothing could more fully prove the patriotism of the men than the fact that there, while on the point of starvation, and exposed to the most inclement weather (it being so cold that the ink would freeze to the pen as the men signed their names), over three-fourths of the men voluntarily consented to serve three years more. The regiment marched to Dandrige, Tenn., where it was at- tacked by the enemy January 16th and 17th, and after much hard fighting it became evi- dent that the whole rebel army was advancing, it fell back to Knoxville. March 4, 1864, the men were furloughed, and started for home, having marched over five thousand miles. On April 14, 1864, the regiment reached Nashville on its way beck to the field. It moved toward Atlanta, Ga., which it entered on the 8th of September. It participated in many battles during this memorable campaign, and was sent to Athens, Ala., but fell back to Nash- ville, followed by the rebels. At Franklin, Tenn., General Schofield determined to give battle. The conflict was short and desperate. The Forty-fourth took part in the battle of Nashville, and on January 5, 1865, went into camp at Huntsville, Ala. In April it went to Nashville, where it was thought it would be mustered out, but instead it was ordered to New Orleans, .and on July 16th proceeded to Texas, where it remained till September 25th, when it was mustered out. Captains — George Zelle, e. Aug. 14, '61, res. Mar. 31, '62. Ahrend Behrends, e. July 1, '61, m. o. Sept. 25, '65. First Lieutenants — Nicholas Davis, e. Aug. 14, '64, m. o. June 27, '62, Henry Schmidtz, e. July 1, '61, res. Nov. 18, '62. Peter Weyrich, pro. adjt, died of wnds. July 7, '64. J. Eberling, e. July 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Second Lieutenants — Chas. J. Hulbig, e. Aug. 14, '61, m. o. May 23, •62." John Fuchs, e. Aug. 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Sergeant-Majors — H. Huhn, e. July 1, '61, died Jan. 28, '63, wnds. John C. Friedrich, e. July 1, '61, m. o. July 15, '65, was pris. Corporals — Daniel C. Orr, e. July 20, '61. Jacob Metzler, e. July 20, '61, v. John Egler, e. July 20, '61, d. dis. Dec. 6, '62. Henry Backer, e. Aug. 1, '61. Franz Renz, e. July 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Joseph Jackel, e. July 1, '61, d. dis. June 6, '63. W. Recktenwald, e. July 1, '61, died Dec. 31, '62. M. F. Heckman, e. July 1, '61, died Oct. 20, '63. Musicians — Philip Renter, e. July 1, '61, m. o. Sept. 13, '64. George Lidle, e. Aug. 1, '61. Privates — Angstein, G., e. July 1, '61, kid. Sept. 20, '63. Bartles, Fred, e. July 1, '61, v. Conrad, Henry, e. July 1, '61, kid. June 27, '64. Darchner, Joseph, e. Aug. 1, '61. Ehrmannadrant, Joseph, e. July 1, '61. Ehrhard, J., e. July 1, '61, died Jan. 8, '63, wnds. Eisele, Wm. L., e. July 1, '61. Eisner, M., e. Aug. 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Frie, Henry, e. July 1, '61. ;gg HISTOBY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Fluth, Jacob, e. July 1, '61. Gucker, Geo., e. Aug. 1, '61. Greuel, Paul, e. Aug. 1, '61. Grenetie, H., e. July 1, '61, c, kid. May 17, '64. Geit, Henry, e. Aug. 1, '61. Hafiner, J., e. July 1, '61, d. dis. Sept. 18, '62. Helmreich, P., e. July 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Jansen, Henry, e. July 1, '61. Janseii, \V., e. July 1, '61, died May 5, '65, wnds. Jaeggi, John, e. July 1, '61, d. dis. Dec. 16, '62. Junker, Henry, e. Aug. 1, '61, kid. Dec. 31, '62. Koch, Charles, e. July 1, '61. Kirschner, Michael, e. July 1, '61, v., d. June 18, 'C5, wnd. Kessler, J., e. July 1, '61, died Dec. 31, '63, wnds. Kopp, Carl, e. July 1, '61, died Mar. 11, '64. Kielick, R., e. July 1, '61, died Dec. 31, '62. Miller, H., e. July 1, '61, kid. Dec. 31, '62. O'Brien, P., e. July 1, '61, died Jan. 28, '63, wnds. Oschmann, Henry, e. Aug. 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Ruebenkoenig, John, e. July 1, '61, v., d. May 3, '65, wnds. Suter, Jacob, e. July 1, '61. Schwab, F., e. July 1, '61, v., d. May 9, '65, wnds. Schacninger, John, e. July 1, '61, v., kid. Nov. 30, '64. Steinnietz, Fred., e. July 1, '61. Sturm, Christian, e. July 1, '61. Schroeder, John, e. July 1, '61, died Mar. 15, 63, wnds. Schmidt, Andrew, e July 1, '61. Schmidt, F., e. Aug. 1, '61, d. dis. Dec. 16, '62. Recruits — Meer, M. W., e. Mar. 25, '64, m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Schock, J., e. Jan. 25, '64, m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Tochugy, Alovis, d. Sept. 28, '63, wnd. Tohms, I., v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65, as sergt. Taubert, August. Unkreig, Otto, d. Dec. 1. 62, wnd. Villhauer, John, m. o., Dec. 25, '65. Rehring, M., kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Wagner. Chas. Zimmer, Henry, died July 6, '64, wnd. Company E. Privates — Altess, P., e. Aug. 1, '61, d. dis. Feb. 4, '62. Appenzeller, G., e. Aug. 1, '61, kid. Dec. 31, '62. Becker, M., e. Aug. 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Fluss, H., e. Aug. 1, '61, d. dis. Dec. 6, '62. Friend, Anton W., e. Aug. 1, '61, died May, '64. Pholmann, W., e. Aug. 1, '61, died Aug., '63. Schmidt, Peter, e. Aug. 1, '61. Conrad, B., e. Sept. 22, '64, m. o. June 15, '65 Cash, S. H., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. June 15, '65. Jackson, W., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. June 16, '65. Oldmann, R. Company K. First Lieutenant — M. Reininger, e. Aug. 14, '61, died Aug. 20, '62. Sergeants — Alle Bildhoff, e. Aug. 1, '61, m. o. July 15, '66, was pris. Udo Dirks, e. Aug. 1, '61, d. dis. April 1, '63. Philip Weber, e. Aug 1, '61. Corporals — Fred Traeger, e. Sept. 1, '61. Julius Truehoffl, e. Sept. 1, '61. Privates — Holkers, G., e. July 1, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65. Jacobs, C, e. July 1, '61, m. o. Oct. 5, '64. Sior, Jacob, e. Sept. 1, '61. Seaton, Israel J., e. Aug. 1, '61 Schwarz, B., e. Aug. 1, '61. Stanton, Anton, e. Aug. 1, '01. Tenzlinger, Michael, e. Sept. 1, '61. Neef, F., e. Jan. 1, '64, m. o. Sept. 25, '65, v. Bolpel, WE, m. o. June 15, '65. Neef, J., e. Mar. 31, '61, m. o. Sept. 25, '65. FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Company A. Corporal — J. Mahood, e. Aug. 30, '61, d. July 12, '62, wnd. Privates — Frazer, Alex., e. Aug. 30, '61, died April 1, '62, wnd. Hardin, W. H., e. Oct. 15, '61, died June 15, '64. Kimmins, H., e. Aug. 30,'61, m. o. Sept. 3, '64. wnd. Patten. R., o. Aug. 30, '61, tr. to invalid corps. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 7C7 Company D. Privates — Armstrong, F. M., e. Dec. 30, '63, d. Jan. 25, '65. Calvert, J., e. Dec. 30, '63, m. o. July 12, '65. George, L., e. Dec. 30, '63, m. o. July 3, '65. White, J., e. Dec. 30, '63, m. o. July 12, '65. Wilder, A. A., e. Dec. 30, '63, died Oct., '64. FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. On the 16th day of August, 1861, this regi- ment was organized and mustered into govern- ment service at Peoria, 111. They went to Ben- ton Barracks where they received clothing, arms, etc., and left for the seat of war on the 9th of October. On the 9th of May, 1862, Lieut. -Col. Daniel L. Miles was killed while bravely leading his men in an engagement with the enemy at Farmington, Miss. The regiment took part in the battle of Corinth on the 3d and 4th of May, and Colonel W. A. Thrush, with 30 others, was killed and over 100 wounded. The regiment participated in the battle at Jackson, Miss., on the 14th of May, 1863, and took part in the charge on the enemy's works at Vicksburg, May 22d, los- ing 21 killed and a large number wounded, and assisted in the defeat at Mechanicsville, Miss. The regiment was at the battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9, 1864, arriving at Vicksburg, May 22d, with General Smith's command, after a campaign of nearly three months, in which they suffered almost unheard of fatigue and privations, many men dying from hardships. The Forty-seventh met and defeated General Marmaduke, near Lake Chicot, in which en- gagement they lost 11 killed and a number wounded; among the latter was Major Miles, who received a shot in the neck, which came near proving fatal. The original term of service having expired, the regiment was ordered to Springfield, 111., where those who did not re-enlist as veterans were mustered out October 11, 1864. The veterans and recruits of the regiment, numbering 196 men, commanded by Lieuten- ant-Colonel Edward Bonham and Royal Olm- stead, accompanied General Mower's expedi- tion up White river to Brownsville, Ark., and from there into Missouri after the rebel Gen- eral Price's army, which was then raiding the State. The regiment as re-organized was mustered out January 21, 1866, at Selma, Ala., and re- turned to Springfield, III., where it was dis- charged. Lieutenant-Colonel — ■ Daniel L. Miles, e. Aug. 25, '61, kid. in battle May 9, '62. Major — John B. Miles, e. Aug. 25, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Sergeant-Major — Jay G. Rupert, d. Aug. 17, '63. Hospital Stewards — Charles B. Cramer, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Thomas O. Brown, d. dis. June 11, '64. Company A. Privates — Johnson, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. July 30, '62. Nicholas, P., e. Aug. 16, died April 4, '62. Company B. Captains — ■ Benj. F. Biser, e. Aug. 25, '61, kid. June 6, '64. Diego C. Ross, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '61. Sergeants — b. H. ToDias, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Oct. 12, '62. George Eikelberner, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Sept. 2, '63. Cary C. Wright, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, 64. Jos. B. Bradley, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Feb. I, '62. I. Kauffman, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. b. L. Ewing, e. Aug. 16, '61, kid. Oct. 3, '62. Chas. A. Crane, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Jos. Means, e. Aug. 16, '61. Dan'l Roberts, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. A. M. Crosby, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Aug. 22, '64. Musician — J. Ieterhaet, e. Aug. 16, '61, kid. Aug. 16, '64. Privates — Burton, W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Bateman, W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 22, '62. Bliss, Jas., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. Mar. 11, '63, e. in M. M. Brig. Bamber, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Bowers, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o., Jan. 21, '66. Barnum, T. J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Culbertson, Wm. E., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. II, '64. Culp, S., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Crosby, H. N., e. Aug. lfi, '61, m. o. Oct. 11 '64. •768 HISTOBY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Cutler Charles A., e. Aug. 16, '61. Cooper, W. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Dunley, W. A., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Drummond, J. M., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Jan. 12, '62. Evans, A., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Jan. 14, '63. Gross, C, e. Aug. 16, 61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Holland, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Jan. 23, '63. Jones, C., e. Aug. 16, '61, died June 29, '63. Jewett, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., died Dec. 1, '64. Kingman, C, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Krater, J. A., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o- Jan. 21, '66. Sanson, R., e. Aug. 16. '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Lockwood, C, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, 64. Morgan, T., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Minch, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Powell, T. J., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., pro. Sec- ond Lieut. Parrell, R., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Phillips, J. M„ e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Phillips, Ed., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64, sergt. Roley, J. F., e. Aug. 1, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Roberts, T. C, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. July 9, '63. Roberts, E. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Nov. 25, '62. Seaman, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Smith, D., e. Aug. 16, '61. died Sept. 30, '64. Shultz, H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Shoemaker, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Sanders, G. W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Shoemaker, A., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Stiner, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '61. Turrell, A., e. Aug. 16. '61, kid. Oct. 3, '62. Thamer, C. G., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Thamer, H„ e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Tobias, H. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64, corpl. VanMeter, W. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. VanMeter, W. C, e. Aug. 16, '61, kid. Oct. 3, '62. Wiley, T. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Waughop, M. H., e. Aug. 1, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Whitaker, H., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Oct. 12, '62. Wilson, A. J., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. Feb. 19, '62. Webster, J. L., e. Aug. 16, '61, dis. Oct. 24, '62. Weaver, J„ e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11„ '64. Zinser, G. W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Zinser, Sam -C, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64, corpl. Recruits — Amsbary, A. A., e. Aug. 8, '62, d. July 20, '65. Avas, J., e. Aug 4, '62, dis. Feb. 24, '63. Boughman, J. F., e. July 24, '62, d. July 20, '65. Bunn, A., e. Aug. 8, '62, d. July 20, '65. ' Bunn, D., e. Aug. 8, '62, died Nov. 12, '62. Frazier, Geo. W., e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. July 13, '65. Hartman, H., e. Aug. 11, '62, kid. May 22, '63. Jewett, H., e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Klingenberg, N., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Orr, Jas., e. July 29, '62, m. o. May 22, '65. Royce, C, e. Aug. 13, '62, kid. June, '64. Seaman, T. D., e. July 28, '62, d. July 20, '65. Sutton, A. B., e. Jan. 8, '64, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Thomas, W. E., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. July 20, '65, sergt. Zaneis, J., e. Aug. 4, '62, d. July 20, '65. McBride, D., e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Phillips, M., e. Feb. 14, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Company E. Captain — G. Puterbaugh, e. Aug. 26, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. First Lieutenant — W. M. Pierce, e. Aug. 25, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Second Lieutenant — Edgar Isbell, e. Aug. 25, '61, hon. d. Nov. 6, '63. Sergeants — Leander King, e. Aug 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. J. Puterbaugh, e. Aug 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. F. T. Bower, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Aug. 9, '62. Corporals — ■ Sam A. Bradburn, e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Wm. H. Glorry, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11. '64. J. M. Allison, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Theo. L. Wagonseller, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. J. A. Little, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Aug. 6, '62. A. C. Miller, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Sept. 20, '62. HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 769 S. R. Drake, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. Oct. 9, '63, wnd. Jacob M. Copes, e. Aug. 16, '61, v., pro. sergt- major. Musician — Q. C. Burns, e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Aug. 23, '62. Wagoner — Ralph P. Potter, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Privates — Brown, J., e. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Betcher, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Brison, M.. e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Bowman, J.' H., Aug. 16, '61, v., pro. First Lieut. Baker, R., e. Aug. 16, '61. Crosley, S. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Carman, C. D., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Carroll, Jas., e. Aug. 16, '61. Cary, M., e. Aug. 16, '61. Cohenour, W., e. Aug 16, '61, m. o. Aug. 11, '64. Cohenour, R. M., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis, April 17, '62. Cohenour, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Coffman, H. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Dec. 20, '63. Cooper, J. W., e. Aug. 16, '61. Davis, H. W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Davis, B. F., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Darley, W„ e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Dare, W. S., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. May 29, '63. Doman, Wm. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Drake, T. B., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Ekel, W. T., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Elsom, H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Fisher, P., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. July 24, '62. Graves, B., e. 16, '61, d. dis. April 20, '63. Gardner, DeW. C, e. Aug. 16, '61, v. Hay, D., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Hannagan, J. J., e. Aug. 16, '61. Hatch, T. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 31, '66. Hamrick, J. P., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Harlow, J. B., e. Aug. 16, '61, pro. Second Lieut. Hinsey, C. C, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Hession, P., e. Aug. 16, '61, tr. to M. N. Brig. Hill, H. W., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Ingersoll, G., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. Nov. 25, '63, wnd. Koozer, J. H., e. Aug 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66, sergt. McCormack, R., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Moore, D., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. May 20, '62. Murphy, P., e. Aug. 16, '61, died July 22, '63. McVeagh, J„ e. Aug. 16, '61. Meckley, C, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Munroe, J., e. Aug. 16, '61. Miller, J. Y., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Myers, P.. e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. McClellen, J. E., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. O'Brien, H. M„ e. Aug. 16, '61, died July 4, '63. O'Brien, J. T., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. O'Brien, D., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., tr. to V. R. C. Patchin, H, e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Pettit, I., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Rose, A., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Sept. 9, '64. Robinson, M. V., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Ruble, J., e. Aug. 16, '61. Ryan, G., e. Aug. 16, '61, pro. Capt. Shreve, E., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Sherman, J., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Smith, H. L., e. Aug. 16, '61, v.. d. Sept. 19, '65. Stewart, T. E., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Specht, G„ e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Stuard, L., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Dec. 31, '61. Thornton, C. W., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Thummel, W. H., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. VadDoser, G., e. Aug. 16, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Vincent, F. E., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11 '64. Wood, R., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '66. Woodruff, Theodore, e. Aug. 16, '61. Wagenseller, A. E., e. Aug. 16, '61, dis. May 20, '64. Williamson, Alex. H.. e Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Wakefield, Wm., e. Aug. 16, '61, m. o. Oct. 1, '64. Sargent, Elijah D., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Dec. 17, '61. McKenzie, W. F., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Oct. 19, '61. Timbiell, B., e. Aug. 16, '61, died Dec. 1, '61. Tice, A., e. Aug. 16, '61, d. dis. Nov. 8, '63. Recruits — Brock, O. P., e. Nov. 4, '61. Clay, W. H, e. Jan. 5, '64, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. HISTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Koozer, Fred, e. Mar. 16, '62. King, J. M., pro. Q. M. Sergt. Russel), F. M., e. Sept. 20, '61, died June 6, '63, wnds. Company F. Sergeant — H. N. Ferguson, e. Aug. 21, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Privates — Frisby, I. M., e. Aug. 21, '61, d. dis. Dec. 21, '61. Martin, A. L. S., e. Aug. 21, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Marshall, R. A., e. Aug. 21, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Twineham, R. O., e. Aug. 21, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Company H. Privates — Stilcer, L., e. Sept. 1, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Kayser, M., e. Mar. 1, '61, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Company I. Privates — Aslimore, R. B., e. Sept. 4, '61, died Dec. 26, '61. Bane, E., e. Sept. 4, '61, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Bennett, J., e. Sept. 4, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Chainey, A., e. Sept. 4, '61, kid. Oct. 3, '62. North, S. R., e. Sept. 4, '61, died July 16, '62. Poulton, Wm., e. Sept. 4, '61. Shompiert, J„ e. Sept. 4, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Stormer J., e. Sept. 4, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Recruits — . Beekman, J., e. Jan. 25, '64, v., m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Bennett, A., e. Jan. 21, '64, died April 14, '64. Carson, T. N., e. July 30, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Camp, T., e. Feb. 1, '64, m. o. Jan. 21. '66. Dodson, C, e. July 24, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Dillon, I., e. Jan. 21, '64, died Aug. 3, '64. Dane, Jos., e. Aug. 6, '64. Howard, J. F., e. Aug. 4, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. McNutt, L., e. Aug. 6, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. McCulloch, J., e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. McNutt, J., e. Aug. 6, '62, died Dec. 28, '62. Rulon, H., e. Jan. 25, '64, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Roberts, W. H., e. Jan. 21, '64, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Sweet, L., Sept. 1, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Tantlinger, P., e. July 30, '62, m. o. July 20, '65. Vining, J., e. Aug. 8, '62. d. dis. Mar. 18, '63. Ward. P., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. July 20, '62. Company K. First Sergeant — Henry Hill, e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Privates — Ankney, F., e. Sept. 17, '61, tr. V. R. C. Boshow, J., e. Sept. 7, '61. Bradshaw, J., e. Sept. 12, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Brown, T. O., e. Sept. 6, '61, pro. Hosp. Stew. Hoffman, H., e. Sept. 6, '61, m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Lowe, A., e. Sept. 18, '61, died Aug. 20, '63. Sharp, B., e. Sept. 11, '61, kid. May 22, '63. Hornback, D., e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Hoier. C, e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Hannon, A., e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Maple, Albert, e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Maple, A., e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Maple. J., e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. 'Jan. 21, '66. FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY. Company K. Privates- Beard, J. E., Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. Fairchild, J. G., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. u. Sept. 9, '65. Odin, T. M., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. Whitehead, E., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. Hall, J. R., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. Odin, M. G., e. Feb. 14, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. Thurmond, T., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Sept. 9, '65. FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Company D. Privates — Ellis, Thos., e. Jan. 22, '62. Egman, Augustus, e. Jan. 7, '62. Graham, A. J., e. Dec. 24, '63, v., m. o. Sept. 25, '65, Sergt. Gardner, Wm., e. Jan 14, '62, v. Goffinett, Peter, e. Jan. 3, '62, died at Ander- sonville, June 15, '64, grave No. 2001. Lee, J. L., e. Jan. 7, '62. d. dis. Jan. 7, '62. Merchant, S. P., e. Jan. 21, '62, m. o. Apr. 1, '65. Ruble, B., e. Jan. 7, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Ruble, Wm., e. Jan. 14, '62, m. o. Sept. 25, '65. FIFTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Company E. Corporal — > T. H. Lamplin, e. Mar. 21, '65, m. o. Mar. 20, '66. Wagoner — ■ Chas. Perry, e. Mar. 21, '65, m. o. Mar. 20, '66. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 771 Privates — Guthrie, S., e. Mar. 21, '65, m. o. Mar. 20, '65. Hickey, D., e. Mar. 21, '65, m. o. Mar. 20, '66. Rohm, D. F., e. Mar. 17, '65, m. o. Mar. 16, '66. Company F. Corporals — J. W. Ricard, e. Mar. 17, '65, m. o. Jan. 6, '66 W. D. Skelley, e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Privates — • Allison, W. T., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Green, Hardin, e. Feb. 28, '65. Primm, J. J., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Richards, S. S., e. Mar. 17, '65. Skelly, W., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Tate, N. P., e. Mar. 3, '65, m. o. May 29, '65. Tucker, W. D., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Watson, H. E., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 27, '66. Watson, W., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Mar. 6, '66. Company H. First Lieutenant — J. W. Smith, e. April 1, '65, res. Aug. 21, '65. Company I. Privates — • Gross, L. K., e. Mar. 25, '65. Hall J., e. Mar. 16, '65, died April 28, '65. Robinson, Geo., e. Mar. 22, '65. Wire, T. J., e. Mar. 25, '65, m. o. May 29, '65. SIXTY-FIRST INFANTRY. The Sixty-first was organized at Carrollton, 111., Feb. 5, 1862. On April 6, 1862, 400 men at Pittsburg Landing stood the assault of the enemy for an hour and a quarter, and were highly complimented by Gen. Prentiss for their bravery. Its loss was 80 killed, wounded and missing, besides three commissioned officers. At Nashville, Tenn., September 8, 1865, the regiment was mustered out. Company C. Privates — Adams, A., e. Oct. 10, '64, d. dis. June 27, '65. Hinson, S., e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Company G. Privates — Baldwin, J., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Cratchett, A„ e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Crade, J. J., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Cratchett, W. C, e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Clark, G. F., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Peavin, J., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Rhodes, J„ e. Sept, 27, '64, died at Murfrees- boro. Robinette, J. R.. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Warren, W. S., e Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Predemore, A. J., e. Mar. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. VanArsdale, N., e. Sept. 26, '64, in Co. G, 58th. Company I. Recruit — Adams, E. C, e. Sept 30, '64, m. o. July 20, '65. Company K. Recruits- Griffin, J. E., e. April 5, '65, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. Gates, J. W., e Oct. 5, '64. Hauer, A., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Louis, H. B., e. Sept. 28, '64. Simons, D. A., e. Sept. 27, '64. SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Adjutant — M. J. Haines, e. Feb. 2, '64, m. o. Mar. 6, '66. Company H. Privates — Brauer, W. H, e. Feb. 1, '62, deserted at Cov- ington, Ky. Hiscock, L. W., e. Feb. 1, '62, died Aug. 13, '64, corpl. Kellogg, F. A., e. Feb 1, '62, v., died April 3, '65. Seelye, W. H., e. Feb. 1, '62, v., m. o. Mar. 6, '66. Smith, J., e. Jan. 23, '64, rej. and dis. SIXTY-SEVENTH (3-MONTHS) INFANTRY. Company G. Privates — Anthony, C. E., e. June 2, '62. Burton, F. M., e. June 2, '62. Crane, Wm., e. June 2, '62. Mishler, Sam'l, e. June 2, '62. Rodgers, D. A., e. June 4, '62. Riddle, Hamilton, e. June 4, '62. Rice, Dan'l, e. June 4, '62. Steel, J. A., e. June 4, '62. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Tobias, B. F., e. June 4, '62. Cadwell, Wm, e. June 2, '62. SIXTY-EIGHTH (3-MONTHS) INFANTRY. Company K. Captain — Ed. J. Jones, e. June 23, '62, m. o. Sept. 26, '62. First Lieutenant— T. L. Masters, e. June 23, '62, m. o. Sept. 26, '62. Second Lieutenant — H. L. Dunn, e. June 23, '62, m. o. Sept. 26, '62. Sergeants — ■ L. W. Coplin, e. June 2, '62. L. G. Smith, e. June 2, '62. R. J. Edwards, e. June 2, '62. Corporals — < Geo. Jones, e. June 2, '62. Lucius Smith, e. June 2, '62. Musician — • Ira Sipes, e. June 2, '62. Privates — Barr, R. M., e. June 2, '62. Burk, Jas, e. June 2, '62. Demorest, J. H., e. June 2, '62. Devore, Noah, e. June 29, '62. Hailey, Wm, e. June 9, '62. Hill, J. G., e. June 2, '62. Hiner, Ira, e. June 23, '62. Lockwood, Henry, e. June 15, '62. McNeal, John, e. June 2, '62. McFarlan, Ed., e. June 2, '62. Mullen, Owen, e. June 2, '62. Owens, E. M., e. June 2, '62. Ogden, I. B., e. June 23, '62. Putnam, John, e. June 30, '62. .rowers, Jas., e. June 2, '62. Striker, David, e. June 2, '62. Sams, Alexander, e. June 2, '62. Striker, Henry, e. June 2, '62. Turner, G. C, e. June 29, '62. VanBuren, Ed., e. June 1, '62. Vancil, J. P., e. June 2, '62. Watson, John, e. June 2, '62. Zimmer, Henry, e. June 2, '62. SEVENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. In August, 1862, this regiment was organ- ized at Camp Butler and attached to Gen. Buell's army. It saw some of the hardest service that could fall to the lot of any mil- itary organization in time of war. It was a part of the Army of the Cumberland, from October, 1862, and took part in every battle until General Hood was defeated at Nashville. It has been said of this regiment: "No greater eulogy can be pronounced on the patriotism, bravery and heroic devotion to a sacred prin- . ciple than that silent language of their dead, speaking from the graves of every battlefield where they poured out their life's blood — at Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain, the gorges of East Tennessee, and in a succession of bat- tles from Chattanooga to the fall of Atlanta." When this regiment left Illinois it contained its full compliment of men and returned with but little more than one-third of the original number. No reliable data can be found as to its actual loss during its three years' service, but it had two Majors and two Adjutants killed, and nearly every officer wounded one or more times. Company B. Captain — Harvey Pratt, e. Dec. 1, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. First Lieutenant — Joshua Bailey, e. July 17, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Sergeants — Jesse D. Kilpatrick, e. July 23, '62, pris. Sept. 20, '63. A. A. Holmes, e. July 15, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Jos. S. Parke, e. July 14, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. David J. Reid, e. July 23, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Musicians — T. A. Martin, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. N. D. Rodgers, e. July 12, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Privates — Adams, H. H., e. July 31, '62, kid. Sept. 20, '63. Ayers, J. M., e. Aug. 8, '62, d. dis. June 1, '63. Allen, W. M., e. July 23, '62, died Dec. 23, '62. Bailer, J. V., e. July 19, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Baldwin, A., e. July 22, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. rsuckman, J. H., e. July 21, '62, d. dis. May 3, '63. Brown, J. A., e. Aug. 11, '62, died in Anderson- ville prison. Davis, W. E., e. Aug. 11, '62, died at Murfrees- boro, Mar. 23, '63. Few, P. V., e. July 17, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Failor, G., e. July 23, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Fruman, L. L., e. July 23, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Frazer, T. J., e. Aug. 8. '62, m. o. June 12, '65. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. t I Gilcrest, E. W., e. Aug. 11, '62, died at Nash- ville, Dec. 6, '62. Gale, C. L., e. July 17, '62, tr. I. C. Aug. 1, '63. Glaze, C. M., e. July 22, '62, died at Delavan Jan. 7, '64. Gooch, DeWitt R., e. July 22, '62, tr. to I. C. Goodale, D. S., e. July 22, '62, died at Nash- ville, Jan. 8, '63. Gensett, J. M., e. July 23. '62. pro. Sergt-Maj. Gaskill, C. P., e. Aug. 11, '62, died at Nash- ville, Nov. 24, '62. Holt, Jesse, e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. June 12, '65, corpl. Huntley, J. W., e. July 17, '62, died at Gallatin, Tenn. Hunt, J. A„ e. July 17, '62, died at Murfrees- boro, May 27, '63. Hanna, F. H., e. July 22, '62, tr. to I. C. Hatch, T. C, e. July 19, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Hilderbrand, Jacob, e. Aug. 8, '62, died Feb. 1, '63, wnds. Hamptman, E. A., e. July 31, '62, d. dis. Mar. 1, '63. Hill, L., e. Aug. 11, '62, d. dis. Jan. 6, '63. Isenberg, Joel, e. July 17, '62, died June 7, '64, wnds. Johnson, R. S., e. July 17, '62, kid. Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Jacobus, W. A. July 31, '62, d. dis. Jan. 15, '63. Jacobus, L. K., e. July 31, '62, died Nashville, Dec, '62. Kibby, G. R., e. July 19, '62, m. o. June 27, '65, was pris. Lawler, D. F., e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Long, J. H., e. July 23, '62, d. dis. Aug. 7, '62. Lamphier, I. L., e. July 21, '62, m. o. June 12, '65, corpl. Loyno, Reuben, e. Aug. 5, '62, died Nashville, Nov. 30, '62. Morris, J. W., e. Aug. 7, '62, died Murfrees- boro, April 28, '63. Monday J. W., e. July 15, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Monday, E. R„ e. July 15, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. McCormick, M., e. Aug. 11, '62, d. dis. Jan. 10, '63. Opdyke, Benj., e. July 22, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Patterson, R. H., e. July 19, '62, m. o. June. 12, '65. Palmer, D. H., e. July 22, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Reid, A. J., e. July 19, '62, died Oct. 8, '63, wnds. Robinson, R., e. July 19, '62, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Richards, C. C, e. Aug. 5, '62, tr. to I. C. Aug. 1, '63. Randolph, C. F., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 12, '65, corpl. Sherman, A., e. July 23, '62, m. o. May 20, '65. Ward, W. D., e. July 17, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Werts, J. C, e. July 22, '62, d. dis. April 23, '63. Recruits — Buckman, Joel, e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. June 12, '65. Brown, M., e. Feb. 9, '64, tr. 44th Inf., wnd. Bailey, C. N., e. Feb. 13, '64, tr. 44th Int't. Drake, N., e. Oct. 4, '64, tr. 44th Inft. Hite, W. H., e. Oct 4, '64, tr. TJ. S. V. E. Harbison, G., e. Oct. 4, '64, kid. at Franklin, Nov. 30. '64. Miller, G. A., e. Feb. 18, '64, tr. 44th Inft. Newman, B., e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. June 12, '65. Provost, A., e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. May 21, '65. Patten, G. W., e. July 9, '62, d. dis. Feb. 9, '65. Spruce, J. H., e. Oct. 6, '64, tr. 44th Inft. Company I. First Lieutenant — ■ G. W. Paten, e. July 15, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. EIGHTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. The Eighty-fifth was organized at Peoria in August, 1862, by Col. Robert S. Moore, and mustered into service August 27, 1862. It was ordered to Louisville, Ky., September 6, 1862, and assigned to the Thirty-sixth Brigade, Eleventh Division, Third Army Corps, Col. D. McCook commanding the brigade, General Sherman commanding the division, and Gen- eral Gilbert commanding the corps. The Eighty-fifth marched in pursuit of the enemy under General Bragg, October 1, 1862, was en- gaged in the battle of Champion Hills, at Perryville, Ky., October 8th, and moved with the army to Nashville, Tenn., arriving Nov. 7, 1862. The regiment was mustered out June 5, 1865, at Washington D. C, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., June 11, 1865, where they received their final discharge. Company A. Captain — Thos. R. Roberts, e. July 11, '62, res. April 15, '64. 774 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. First Lieutenant— Layton, W., e. July 29, '62, died at Nashville, Daniel Havens, e. July 18, '62, m. o. May 15, '65. Dec. 1, '62. Sergeants — Mason, H., e. July 30, '62, died at Louisville, J. K. Miller, e. July 18, '62, died in hands of Dec. 23, '62. enemy, Aug. 20, '64, wnds. Mayes. J. A., e. July 30, '62, abs. sick at m. W. M. Landwith, e. July 18, '62, d. dis. Mar. o. of regt. 26, '63. Parks, Jacob, e. July 20, '62, ro. o. June 5, '65. Jos. Stout, e. July 18, '62, in. o. June 5, '65, Pemberton, B., e. July 29, '62, d. dis. Jan. 10, '63. as reg. color bearer. Pemberton, W. J., e. Aug. 10, '62, d. dis. Jan. Corporals — 4, '63. Benj. White, e. July IS, '62, kid. at Perryville, Shaw, R., e. July 18, '62, abs. sick at m. o. of Ky., Oct. 8, '62. regt. J. F. Rodgers, e. July 8, '62, m. o. June 5, '65, Saint, P., e. July 18, '62, kid. at Peach Creek, first sergt. July 19, '64. Alonzo McCain, e. July 8, '62, m. o. July 22, Streeter, H. R., e. July 18. '62, abs. at m. o. of '65, was pris. regt., wnd. Privates — Schmick, W. S., e. Aug. 10, '62, abs. sick at Alyea, Y. W., e. July 8, '62, m. o. June 17, '65, m. o. of regt. was' pris. Trent, Thos., e. Aug. 10, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Albin, W. M., e. July 18, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Van Dusen, J. P., e. July 18, '62, died at Nash- Bartram, R. W., e. July 18, '62, absent sick at ville, Mar. 3, '63. m. o. of regt. Wood, J. A., e. July 18, '62, d. dis. Feb. 10, '63. Boon, C. W., e. July 18, '62, died Chattanooga, Whitaker, W. J., e. July 18, '62, died Nash- July 14, "64, wnd., corpl. ville, Dec. 20, '62. Bradburn, J. M., e. July 18, '62, m. o. June White, M. L., e. July 18, '62, died at Nashville, 5, '65. Dec. 13, '62. Bradburn, J. M., Jr., e. July 18, '62, m. o. June 5> '65. Company F. Bradburn, J. W., e. July 18, '62, died at Bowl- ing Green, Ky., Nov. 1, '62. Captains — Bortzfield, Jacob, e. July 18, '62, m. o. June John Kennedy, e. Aug. 27, '62, died July 19, '64. 5, '65. A. J. Mason, e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Bortzfield, Wm., e. June, 24, '62, died Aug. 14, First Lieutenants — '64, wnds. Robert J. Bowman, e. Aug. 27, '62, res. Oct. Booth, J. W., e. July 24, '62, died Nov. 27, '63. 17, '63. Blizzard, W. D., e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. F. N. McColyon, e. June. 16, '62, abs. sick at Conley, A., e. Aug. 10, '62, died Nashville, Feb. m. o. of regt. 12, '63. Second Lieutenants — Charlton, W. P., e. Aug. 10, '62, m. o. May R. M. Tinney, e. Aug. 27, '62, res. Jan. 13, '63. 30, '65. E. D. Lampitt, e. June 16, '62, res. Oct. 10, '63. Daniels, J. R., e. Aug. 10, '62, tr. I. C. Feb. First Sergeant — 15, '64. Wta. Kelly, e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Howell, Geo., e. Aug. 10, '62, died Nashville, Sergeant- April 5, '63. Wm. Johnson, e June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Howell, H., e. Aug. 10„ '62, died at Louisville, Corporals — ■ in '62. Ed. Scattergood, e. June 16, '62, m. o. June Jordan, B. F., e. July 18, '62, m. o. June 28, '65, 5, '65. was pris. Nathan Kellog, e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Koozer, Dan'l, e. July 24, '62, died at Goldsboro, Phillip Beck, e. June 16, '62, kid. Peach Tree Mar. 27, '65, wnds. Creek, June 19, '64. Kratzer, David,' e. July 24, '62, died at Big Wagoner — Shanty, June 29, '64, wnds. John Wolf, e. June 16. '62, m. o. Mar. 6, '64. HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 775 Privates — Bird, Wta, e, June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Boyer, David, e. June 16, '62, d. dis. June 19, '63. Cleveland, P. P., e. June 16, '62, died Feb. 4, '63. Cregg, David, e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Cary, Jas., e. June 16, '62, died Mar. 11, '64, wnds. Cheal, J. J., e. June 16, '62, tr. Inv. Corps. Sept. 7, '63. Clark, J. J., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 17, '65, pris. Coombs, Jas., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Driver, R., e. June 16, '62, died at Louisville, Sept. 29, '62. Dean, Win., e. June 21, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. corpl. Deball, L., e. June 21, '62. Earp, Win., e. June 16, '62, died Nov. 30, '64, wnds., sergt. Franks, Jas., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5. '65. Forner, Jos., e. June 16, '62, kid. Buzzard's Roost, Feb. 25, '64. Fultz, Nicholas, e. June 16, '62. Hanks, Jas., e. June 16, '62, kid. Feb. 9, '63. Hinsey, A., e. June 21, '62, abs. sick at m. o. regt. McCabe, Jas., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 22, '65. McCabe, Philip, e. June 16, '65, m. o. June 5, '65. Maloney, J., e. June 16, '62, died Nashville, Jan. 9. McQuinn, John, e. June 21, '62, m. o. May 17, '65. Pillsbury, Geo., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Rily, M., e. June 16, '62, kid. at Kenesaw Mtn. June 27, '64. Ryan, M., e. June 16, '62. Rhoads, M., e. June 16, '62, drowned Oct. 9, '63. Thompson, John, e. June 16, '62, m. o. Mar. 7, '63. Tanger, Ben., e. June 16, m. o. June 5, '65. Varnum, B. F., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 5, '65, corpl. Wrigler, M., e. June 16, '62, m. o. June 22, '65, was pris. Whitaker, Jacob, e. June 21, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. Recruits — Bass, John. Bricker, Philip. Foot, Wm. S. Turner, John, died at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 12, '62. EIGHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. After being organized at Peoria in 1862, the Eighty-sixth started for camp at Louisville, Ky., from which place it marched, on Octo- ber 1, and engaged in the battle of Perry- ville on the 8 th of that month, and in the battle of Chickamauga on September 19, 20 and 21, 1863. From Lookout Valley it moved on November 23, and crossed the river on a pontoon bridge and camped at the foot of Missionary Ridge. On the 26th it followed the enemy to Ringgold, but returned under orders to Knoxville, Tenn., later marched as far as Little Tennessee River, and returned to Chattanooga December 18th, after a most severe march. It was engaged at Buzzard's Roost, May 9th, 10th and 11th; at Resaca, May 14th and 15th; at Rome on the 17th, where it had six killed and eleven wounded; at Dallas from May 27th to June 5th; at Kenesaw Mountain from June 11th to 27th, losing 110 killed and wounded. It again en- gaged the enemy on the banks of the Chat- tahoochie on the 18th of July; at Peach Tree Creek on the 19th, and near Atlanta on the 20th and 22d. It was also engaged in the siege at Atlanta, and commenced the "March to the Sea" on November 16th, arriving at Savannah, December 21st. After the surrender of Johnson, it marched, via Richmond, to Washington City, at which place it was mustered out of service, June 6, 1865. The loss of the regiment in died, killed and wounded was 346. It marched 3,500 miles, and traveled by rail 2,000 miles. Company G. Captains — Wm. B. Bogardus, e. Aug. 27, '62, died wnds. April 13. '65. Zinser, S. L., e. Aug. 27, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. First Lieutenant — Martin Kingman, e. Aug. 27, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. 776 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUXTY. Hospital Steward — J. W. Robinson, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. First Sergeants — Frederich, Shearer, e. Aug. 9, '62, trns. V. R. C. April 20, '64. Luther, S. North, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Sergeants — H. H. Kellogg, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Dec. 20, '62. A. Graham, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 5, '65. M. H. Cloud, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Corporals — C. G. Parker, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, sergt. J. T. Gibson, e. Aug. 1, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, sergt. W. H. Waughop, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, sergt. Eggman, J., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Farrow, ffm, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Ferner, G. W., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, corpl., wnd. Frock or French, Richard, e. Aug. 27, '62. Graves, J. J., e. Aug. 15, '62. tr. to Miss. Mar. Feb., '63. Hodgeson, J. B., e. Aug. 12, '62, kid at Benton- ville, N. C, March 19, '65. Hain, D., e. Aug. 11, '62, kid. Dec. 3, '63, sergt. Holmes, G. W., e. Aug. 12, '62, died at Chatta- nooga July 9, '61, wnds. Hindbaugh, J. W., e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Holland, I. W., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Kindle, B., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, corpl. Keys, J. T., e. Aug. 9, '62, tr. Pioneer Corps July 25, '64. J. H. Chaffer, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. April 4, Lee, C, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. '63, wnd. H. F. Heiple, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 13, '65. Lane, T. B., e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. June 22, '65, pris. S. Hawkins, e. Aug. 11, '62, tr. V. R. C. Feb. Jameson, J., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, 2, '65. corpl. J. Roberts, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Jan. 6, Lewis, R., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. '65, wnd. Layton, H. C, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Dec. 20, '62. O. P. Baton, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. May 31, Merchant, Geo., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Musician — F. Culp, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Feb., '63. Privates — Breen, Ed., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Birkett, D., e. Aug. 9, '62, died of wnds. April 12, '65. Brown, Levi, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. '65, pris. Milligan, C. B., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. April 13, '63. Mericle, R., e. Aug. 9, '62, tr. to P. C. July 2», '64. Merrick, I., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 24, '65, pris. McBride, W. G., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nash- ville Feb. 11, '63. Bracken, G. D., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Jan. 18, McCoy, D., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. March, '63. '65, dis. Magenheimer, C., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June Bitter, J. M., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nov. 19, '62. 6, '65. Botham, G. W., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Munroe, Phelix, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nashville Crosby, Ira, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. April 5, '65. Corbin, M., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 22, Murphy, P., e. Aug. 9, '62. m. o. June 6, '65. '65, wnd. Oberdurf, J., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Criswell, ffm., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. July 22, Parker, W. J., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. '65, pris., wnd. Parker, J. H., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Cullom, D. W., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Parker, C. A., e., Aug. 9, '62, kid. Kenesaw Mt. Davis, D., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. Oct. 5, '63, wnd. July 1, '64. Duvall, J. W., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Sept. 3, Petty, S., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. '63, wnd. Ruble, John, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, Everhart, T. Y., e. Aug. 11, '62, died at Golds- corpl. boro, N. C, March 24, '64. Robinson, N., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. HISTOFiY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Ruble, Jona., Aug. 4, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Richard, Benj., e. Aug. 11, '62, kid. Perryvllle Oct. 8, '62. Shoemaker, R., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Sutton, Phillip, e. Aug 14, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Smith, H. B., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. May 15, '65, corpl., wnd. Strawsburgh, G., e. Aug. 9, '62, tr. V. R. C. Oct., '63. Strawsburgh, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Jan. 7, '63. Scott, H. E., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 6, '62. Shreeve, Amos, e. Aug. 8, '62, kid. Kenesaw Mt. June 23, '64. Sheppard, R. H., e. Aug. 9, '62, abs. at m. o. regt. Small, J. W., e. Aug. 9, '62, kid. Kenesaw Mt., corpl. Speer, J. R., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Feb., '63. Tobias, Israel, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. May 29, '65. Truet, ueo., e., Aug. 9, '62, died Nashville Feb. 19, '63. Trowbridge, J., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, wnd. Walker, J., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Wood, E., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 26, '65. Westerfield, Jacob, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 24, '65, corpl., was pris. Whistler, Benj., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Dec. 20, '62. Wilson, J. O., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Recruits — Burns, C, e. Feb. 1, '64, m. o. July 12, '65, corpl. Eggman, A., e. Jan. 24, '64, m. o. July 12, '65. Eggman, J. J., e. Jan. 25, '64. Feely, W. S., e. Dec. 26, '63, never reported to Co. Graves, S. A., e. Feb. 1, '64, m. o. July 12, '65. Gaudy, S. M., e. Aug. 27, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Minch, S., e. Aug. 27, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Riddle, W H., e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. June 6, '65. Shurts, J. W., e, Sept. 24, '64, m. o. June 6, '65. Smith, Bethel, e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. June 6, '65. Smith, W. M., e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Triplet, W. H., e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. June 6, '65. Wilson, S. L., e. Feb. 1, '64, tr. V. R. C. Dec. 24, '65. Whistler, B. F., e. Jan. 26, '64, m. o. July 12, '65. NINETY-FOURTH INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Blooming- ton, 111., and mustered in August 20, 1862. On the 25th of August it left for Benton Bar- racks, at St. Louis, Mo. The Ninety-fourth met the rebels under Gen. Hindman at Illi- nois Creek, Ark., and held them in check for three hours. It was reinforced by Gen. Blunt's division, and the battle raged until night, when the enemy retreated. It was mustered out July 17, 1865, at New Orleans, and was paid off and received final discharge at Camp Butler, August 2„ 1865. Company H. Privates — Lane, Hugh, e. Aug. 24, '62, abs. sick at m. o. of regt. McAlister, F., e Aug. 24, '62 m. o. July 17, '65. Smith, I. L„ e. Aug. 20, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. corpl. Brininstool, Ira. e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. July 17, '65. Company I. Sergeants — J. B. Chaplin, e. Aug. 10, '62, d. May 1, '64, dis. Isaac Blair, e. Aug. 8, '62, d. Feb. 24, '63, dis: Theodore Minier, e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. July 17, '65, as Sergeant, com. 2d Lieut., not mustered. Privates — Boggs, Theodore, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. June 28, '63, dis. Parker, e. Aug. 15, '62, d. Feb. 24, '63, dis. Colville, Wta., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Durnan, J. S., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Hammond, J. W., e. Aug. 15, '62, died New Orleans Sept. 13, '63. Hunter, D. L., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Henry, J. W., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Johnson, G. W., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. July 17, '65, corpl. Layton, S., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Aug. 13, '64, dis. Livesay, J. T., e. Aug. 15, '62, died at home Sept. 9, '63. Looney, A. P., e. Aug. 16, '62, died at New Orleans Sept. 9, '63. Lindsay, J., e. Aug. 17, '62, d. April 16, '63, dis. Mitchell, Byron, L., e. Aug. 7, '62, died at New Orleans Aug. 29, '63. Macy, W., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. July 12, '65. r78 H1ST0KY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Macy, G. O., e. Aug. 11, '62, died Carrollton, La., Aug. 30, '63. Miller, Peyton, e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Price, Delanson, e. Aug. 16, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Rockbold, J. H., e. Aug. 8, '62, tr. I. C. April 30, '64. Railsback, B. T., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Jan. 24, '64. Railsback, T. F., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Sweat, G. W., e. Aug. 19, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Strickland, F., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Smith, O. M., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Shaw, G., e. Aug. 15, '62, d. Dec. 1, '64. Ward. Geo., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. July 17, '65. Winn, W. S., e. Aug. 12, '62, died at Carroll- ton, La., Aug. 14, '63. Williams, J. H., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Sept. 14, '64, dis. Williams, J. A., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Jan. 7, '64, dis. Recruits — Hunter, W. H., e. March 12, '64, m. o. May 16, 66, corpl. Lance, C, e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. July 17, '65. Hartzell, I., e. Feb. 27, '64, m. o. May 15, '66. ONE HUNDREDTH INFANTRY. Company H. First Sergeant — Wm. B. Conner, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 11, '64. Privates — Albright, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, d. June 11, '64. Albright, Jos., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Conner, J. K., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. March 24, '64. Conner, J. S., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Dosse, P. H., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Chatta- nooga Aug. 13, '64, wnd. Heninger, B. W., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 12, '65. Lyon, L. M., e. Aug. 19, '62, kid. Chattanooga Sept. 19, '63. Moore, D. T., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Nashville Dec. 17, '63. Shoemaker, J., e. Aug. 1, '62, d. April 2, '64. Coons, D., e. Aug. 8, '62, abs. sick at m. o. regt. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH INFANTRY. This regiment was part of the First Brigade of the Fourteenth Army Corps, in which it remained during its entire service. It took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, on 25th of November, 1863, where it captured a number of prisoners. The next year it was engaged in skirmishing almost continually in front of Kenesaw Mountain. Leaving there on the 20th of July, it crossed Peach Tree Creek, and was attacked by the enemy. Late in the afternoon it lost fifty officers and men killed and wounded. The campaign, from May 7th, 1864, when the regiment left Ringgold, Ga., to September 6, when it left Jonesboro, was very severe, being engaged in skirmishing almost continually, and never halting for the night without throwing up works for defense. The loss in these engagements was very heavy in killed and wounded, and, at Peach Tree Creek, the right of the regiment was almost annihilated, but the brave boys never faltered. On the 16th of November the regiment started with Sherman on that famous "March to the Sea," assisting in the capture of Savannah on the 21st of December following. The regiment had its share of the hardships of this cam- paign, as well as in the expeditions which were a necessary part of the campaign in that beautiful country through which they passed. During the earlier stages of the war it was engaged in the battles of Hartsville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro, and later at Bentonville. It was mustered out June 7, 18-65, and on the 8th left for Chicago, where it received its final dis- charge. Company I. Captains — John Wadleigh, e. Aug. 12, '62, res. July 30, '63. Willard Proctor, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. First Lieutenant — Jas. M. Wright, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Second Lieutenant — C. E. Weber, e. Aug. 12, '62, res. Feb. 9, '63. HISTOIiY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. t79 First Sergeants — W. C. Hempstead, e. Aug. 12, '62, pro. Chap- lain. L. G. Stout, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Sergeants — A. S. bmith, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. A. Moffatt, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Corporals — ■ Ethridge, Chapman, e. Aug. 9, '62, kid. Chick- amauga Sept. 20, '63. C. L. Bangs, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Timothy Powel, e. Aug. 9, '62, missing at Chickamauga, sergt. N. H. Cooper, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Jan. 8, '63, dis. A. A. Vermilyea, e. Aug. 11, '62. R. P. Hoge, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. May 29, '63. Wm. Cady, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. C. L. Lymonds, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Tompkius- ville Nov. 21, '62. Privates — ■ Andrews, B., e. Aug. 11, '62, tr. to I. C. June 30, '64. Allen, David, e. Aug. 14, '62, d. Aug. 17, '62. Jburns, P. W., e Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Baker, S., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Jan. 20, '63, d. dis. Blackburn, O. C, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. July 29, '63, dis. Bane, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, '62, d. Apr. 23, '64, dis. Bailey, John, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Bailey, A. J., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65 Beagle, E., e. Aug. 13, '62. Vane, Henry, e. Aug. 20, '62, rejected. Cooper, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Collins, A., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Nov. 7, '63, dis. Coiyne, J., e. Aug. 11, '62, abs. sick at m. o. regt. Callahan, A., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Davis, E. M., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Douglas, H. C, e. Aug. 12, '62, kid. at Mis- sion Ridge Nov. 25, '63. Everet,. Richard, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Ellenbocker, Nicholas, e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Gallatin June 19, '63. Erie, John, e. Aug. 13, '62, died Cowen, Tenn., Aug. 24, '63. Foster, Sam'l, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Frink, W. E., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, corpl. Harkness, P., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Lamb, C, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, sergt. Lariun, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Nov. 16, '63, dis. Larkin, Wm., e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Mullin, I. B., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. June 16, '63, dis. Marley, J., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Sept. 22, '64, dis. McDonald, W. M., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. June 23, '63, dis. Mahan, Thos., e. Aug. 9, '62. Miller, Christian, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Bowling Green, Ky., Nov. 16, '62. Mallory, E. T., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Moore, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 11, '62. McFadden, F. D., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Malone S. B., e. Aug. 9, '62. Marsh, T. H., e. Aug. 11, '62, missing at Chick- amauga. Mallory, M.. e. Aug. 12, '62, d. May 16, '62, dis. Mackey, A. W., e. Aug. 13, '62. Mullins, N. H., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. March 10, '64, dis. Newton, A. A., e. Aug. 9, '62, died Cincinnati Dec. 23, '62. i Oberman, J. H, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Louis- ville, Sept. 2jl, '63. Powell, J. C, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Dec. 30, '62. Pouts, Andrew, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Purviance, M., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Quinn, A. C, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65, corpl. Quinlin, J., e. Aug. 12, '62, v. Jan. 30, '63, dis. Robinson, O. L., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Robins, D. C, e. Aug. 9. '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Rice, Chas., e. Aug. 9, '65, m. o. June 6. '65. Read, S, e. Aug. 9, '62. Shoemaker, M., e. Aug. 9, '62. Sowman, H. J., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Smith, J., e. Aug. 12, '62. Snyder, Cornelius, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. July 16, '65, was pris. Smock, A., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. June 15, '65, dis. Purviance, Walker, e. Aug. 12, '62, tr. to I. C. June 21, '64. Traver, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Colum- bus, O., Dec. 25, '62 Thompson, J„ e. Aug. 6, '62, d. Dec. 18, '62, dis. Taylor, B. W., e. Aug. 9, '62. "ISO HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Traver, H. V., e. Aug. 9, '62, died Dec. 10, '62, wnds. Trask, D. L., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Traver, J. J., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Whitman, Louis, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Anderson- ville pris. Jan. 7, '64. Winans, B., e. Aug. 9, '62, • m. o. June 6, '62. Williams, J. K., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. Jan. 7, '63. Winans, Louis, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, '65. Lewis, Geo., m. o. June 6, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Eighth was organ- ized at Peoria, and mustered into service August 28, 1862; took part in the first expedi- tion against Vicksburg and in the battles of Arkansas Post, Port Hindman, Port Gibson and Champion Hills, in the capture of Vicks- burg, the battle of Guntown, the reduction of Spanish Fort, and the capture of Mobile. The first company was recruited at Pekin by Chas. Turner. It arrived at Covington, Ky., on the 8th of October, and, on the 17th, started into the interior of the State after the retreat- ing enemy. It reached Nicholasville on No- vember 1st, and leti that place for Louisville, and then for Memphis, where it went into camp near that city on the 26th of November. In December the regiment proceeded against Vicksburg under Gen. W. T. Sherman, and near Chickasaw Bluff, where it first met the enemy on the 29th. January 1, 1863, it with- drew from Vicksburg, went down the Yazoo River and up the White River, and through a cut-off into the Arkansas, to Arkansas Post. On the 11th it took an active part in a brilliant engagement with the enemy, having thirteen men wounded. On the 24th of January, 1863, it moved down stream and went into camp at Young's Point, La. This regiment lost more lives from want of proper sanitary conveniences than from all other causes during its term of service. Dur- ing the months of February and March, 1864, 134 privates and Philo W. Hill, First Lieu- tenant of Company A, died. Colonel — Chas. Turner, e. Aug. 28, '62, pro. Col. March 13, '63, pro. Brevt Brig.-Gen. March 26, '65, m. o. Aug. 5, bo. Lieutenant Colonel — W. R. Lackland, e. Aug. 28, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Hospital Steward — J. R. Riblet, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Company A. Captain — John W. Plumoer, e. Aug. 28, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. First Lieutenants — Philo W. Hill, e. Aug. 26, '62, died Jan. 26, '64. A. C. Beals, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Second Lieutenants — J S. Boucher, e. Aug. 14, '62, died July 22, '65. J. W. Norris, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Sergeants — J. P. McQueen, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Arkansas Post, Jan. 3, '63. J. B. Hicks, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nov. 25, '62. Martin Broyhill, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Corporals — L. F. Puffer, e. Aug. 14, '62, a. July 28, '65. Harry Allen, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Cairo Jan. 26, '63. Thos. F. McClure, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Jan. 26, '63. R. W. Davidson, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, private. F. A. West, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Elmore, Brem, e. Aug. 14, '62, died June 25, '63, Privates — Ashburn, Jesse, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Young's Point Feb. 22, '63. Ashburn, J. W., e. Aug. 14, '62, died March 25, '63. Amsbury, Horace, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Lexing- ton Nov. 4, '63. Beale, L. E., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Tazewell Co. Jan. 1, '64. Better, Asa, e. Aug. 14, '62, abs. sick at m. o. of regt, corpl. Bright, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nov. 5, '64, pris. war. Blazier, W. S., e. Aug. 14, '62, died at St. Louis Feb. 22 4 '63. Burns, C. L., e. Aug. 14, '63, died Young's Point, March 2, '63. Broyhill, F. M., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, wagoner. Cooper, Isaac, e. Aug. 14, '62. . ■■Wisn&r // /^fiAs^^a /?& HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 781 Chesier, Wm., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Milliken's Rockard, A. S., e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Bend May 19, '63. Sands, Israel, e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Cornelius, G. H., e. Aug. 14, '62. Speck, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Lagrange Cale, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. V. R. C. Dec. Oct. 28, '63. 26, '63. Shorts, Thos., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, Cornelius, J. H., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. May 26, '65. '65, corpl. Davies, McLind, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Shepard, Peter, e. Aug. 14, '62, deserted Oct. 5, '65 15, '63. Davies, Aaron, e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. L. C. Sept. Sparrow, S. B., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Feb. 6, '63. 1, '63. Sherman, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Dressier, Jos., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Feb. 15, '63. 5, '65. Davidson, M. A., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Smith, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Oct. 30, '62. 5, '65. Shiviler, Frank, Aug. 14, '62. Davidson, Columbus, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Stout, S. F., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. June 8, '65. 5, '65, corpl. Tuttle, J., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. '65, music. Bdworthy, J. B., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Jan. Vincent, Frank, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. 19, '63. Ventras, Louis, e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Edworthy, J. W., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Williamson, T. H., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. Dec. 26, 5, '65. '62, wnd. Farmer, W. C, e. Aug. 14, '62, abs. sick at West, H. F., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Young's m. o. of regt. Point Feb. 10, '63. Folk, Samuel, Aug. 14, '62, died St. Louis, Williams, W. H., e. Aug. 14, '62, died St. Louis Feb. 10, '63. April 10, '63. Groundt, G., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65 ; Williamson, M. B., e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. to V. R. Hendershot, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Jan. C. Sept. 1, '63. 16, '63. Williamson, C, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Henderson, Robert, e. Aug. 14, 62, died Whittaker, Albert, e. Aug. 14, '62, died March Young's Point, March 6, '63. 21, '63. Hodson, W. R., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. Dec. 29, '62. Worick, Chas., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. Jolly, Daniel, e. Aug. 14, '62, abs. sick at m. o. 5, '65. of regt. Williamson, T. A., e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. Aug. King, Thos., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Memphis 5, '65. May 24, '64. Warner, DeWitt C, e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. Aug. Kramer, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Memphis 5, '65. Nov. 8, '63. Wilson, Silas, e. Aug. 5, '62,- died Benton Bar- McQueen, C. F., e. Aug. 4, '62, died Nov. 7, '62. racks July 31, '63. Mansion, David, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nov. Warner, Hiram, e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, 27, '62. '65, corpl. McPeak, Leonard, e. Aug. 14, '62, died at La- Zuber, Elijah, e. Aug. 5, '65. grange. Zimmerman, Theo., e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. Aug. Nelson, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, abs. wnd. at $ y '65. m. o. of regt. Recruits- Nelson, Samuel, e. Aug. 14, '62. , TTJ . _, „,„_,„,-,.,,, ' . ,„„ j. , T Anderson, W. R., e. Feb. 27, '65, died July Oelschlegel, H.. e. Aug. 14, '62, died June > ' , .„„ Carrett, Henry. Ogden, Geo., e. Aug. 24, '63. _., _ . . . -i , •o A\ a * at t nuia Patten, W. H., e. Oct. 10, '64, m. o. Oct. 9, '65. Pile, Calvin, e. Aug. 14, 62, died St.. ixmis Mav 1 '63 Petty, James, e. Sept. 28, '64, died April 25, Russell, J. M„ e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. ' 65 - Rockhold, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o Aug. 5, '65. P e «y> W. B., e. Sept. 28, '64, abs. wnd. at m. o. Roc'khold, Wi. H., e. Aug. 14, '62, died Mem- of Ty- phis Feb 27, '63. Spaulding, Wm., m. o. Aug. 5, '65, as sergt. 782 IIISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Short, Patterson, e. Sept. 26, '64, m. o. Aug. Musicians— 5, '65. Samuel Rankin, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Pekin, Stout, Isaac, e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Jan. 19, '63. Slaughter, S. E., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. Aug. j. g. Stauffer, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. dis. Feb. 19, '63. 5, '65. Wagoner — Sturgiss, Geo., e. Sept. 22, '64 m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Short, John, died at Young's Point, La., Jan. W. T. Masters, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. 26, '63. Privates— Washburn, Edw., e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. Aug. Brown , E . L., e. Aug. 9, '62, died May 18, '63. "• ' 65 - Bowers, P. O., e. Aug. 11, '62, died Young's Witaker, DeWitt, C, died at Arkansas Post Jan. 9, '63. Worthington, E., died Milliken's Bend March 10, '63. Warner, Emery, e. Sept. 20, '64, died March 31, '63. Company B. Captains — Richard B. Howell, e. Aug. 28, '62, res. March 25, '63. Wilbur P. Henry, e. Aug. 28, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. First Lieutenants — Garrett, G., Ruhaak, e. Aug. 28, '62, res. Nov. 13, '62. William Franks, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Second Lieutenant — John J. Kellogg, e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, as sergt., wnd. Sergeants — S. J. Bumstead, e. Aug. 9, '62, pro. Asst. Sur- geon 131st 111. Inf. Point July 10, '63. Bowers, S. K., or R., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, corpl. Bloom, Wm., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, corpl. Earnes, H. C, e. Aug. 22, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Champion, Thos., e. Aug. 11, '62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Cockrell, Jos., e. Aug. 11, '02, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Collins, Orville, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Campman, Saml., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. July 2, '65, pris. Coggins, H. L., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Clark, Leander, e. Aug. 15, '62, died Jan. 16, '63, corpl. Fish, Leander, e. Aug. 22, '63, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Goodwin, J. A., e. Aug. 11, '62, died Feb. 1, '63. Goodwin, W. P., e. Aug. 11, '62, died at Mem- phis Jan. 17, '63. Holsopple, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, '62. m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Holsopple, Edw., e. Aug. 11, '62, died March 31, '63. Ben]'. Swayze, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, Heilman, Wm., e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. com. 2d Lieut., not mustered. Edward J. Davis, e. Aug. 13, '62, d. dis. March 20, '62. Corporals — Heilman, Geo., e. Aug. 11, '62. died Pekin Aug. 30, '63. Howell, J. R., e. Aug. 22, '62, d. dis. Feb. 9, '63. Hubbard, John, e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. John Ledterman, e. Aug. 11, '62, sergt., pro. Iwig, Saml., e. Aug. 11, 62. m. o. Aug. 5, '65. 2d Lieut. 61st U. S. Col. regt. Harlan Gridley. e. Aug. 8, '62, abs. at m. o. of regt., reduced to ranks. Reuben W. Heyers, e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. July 21, '65, pris. Stephen B. Sallee, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. dis. July S, '63. J. W. Timbrell. e. Aug. 11, '62, drowned Sept. 11, '64. M. B. 'Williams, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Everett Young, e. Aug. 11, '62, died Jan. 22, '63. I. R. Brown, e. Aug. 11, '62, d. dis. April 7, '63. Jones, John, e. Aug. 11, '62, died rebel pris. Oct. 25, '64. Jones, J. C, e. Aug. 11, '62, died Memphis May 3, '64. Kohler, Henry, e. Aug. 11, '62. m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Kress, Christopher, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Young's Point, Feb. 14, '63. Kress, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Young's Point Feb 4, '63. Lederman, H., e. Aug. 11, '62, kid. Tusselo, Miss., July 14, '64. HISTOUY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 783 McBride, Thos., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, t>5, corpl. JWcGimiis, G. \V., e. Aug. 21, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Musselman, Louis B., e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Neavar, John, e. Aug 15, '62. died Jan. 21, '63. Nevar, Jacob, e. Aug. 31, '62, m. o. Aug. 3, '65, pris. Perkin, Isaac, e. Aug. 13, '62. Potter, Thos., e. Aug. 13, '62, tr. I. C. Sept. 1, '63. Perdue, W. E„ e. Aug. 22, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Raush, John, e. Aug. 8, '62, died May 16, '63. uaush, Saml., e. Aug. 8, '62, died Jan. 25, '63. Rich, "Wl. H., e. Aug. 11, '62, died May 7, '63. Raush, G. A., e. Aug. 11, '62, died March 12, '62. Riblet, J. R., e. Aug. 9, '62, pro. Hospital Steward. Steward, T. B., e. Aug. 8, '62, died Keokuk Jan. 7, '63. Steward, D. M., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Young's Point Feb. 1, '63. Sanders, Henry, e. Aug. 9, '62. Sallee, J. J., e. Aug. 11, '62, d. dis. March 8, '63. Stetler, Isaac, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Spie, W. H., e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Strickfadden, Wm., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, corpl. Sheldon, Jos., e. Aug, 15, '62. died Memphis Aug. 4, '62. Sloat, C. T., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Tobey, H. S., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. dis. Aug. 13, '63. Tew, Vitruvius, e. Aug. 22, tr. Aug. 1, '63. Turner, J. G., e. Aug. 2, '62, died March 25, '63. Westerman, C. S.. e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wehrle, F. W., e. Aug. 12, '62, tr. to I. C. Sept. 1, '63. Wilcox, Levi, e. Aug. 11, '62. Webb, J. W., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Recruits — Bengal, Adam. Charles, J. H. Castle, .J H. Colburn, Wm., e. Sept. 17, '64, died in Ala- bama March 25, '65. Cottrell, Geo., Sept. 20, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Daman, J. W., m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Daman, J. H., e. m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Draper, J. W., e. Oct 4, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Dunnigau, Alpheus. Hoff, Bonett, e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Kellogg, H. C. MoGrew, H. J., tr. to V. R. C. McQuality, Robt., e. Aug. 1, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, ,'65. Trumbull, J. H. Wicks, Michael, e. Sept. 20, '64, m, o. Aug. 5, '65. Watson, Wm., kid. at Guntown, Miss., June 10, '64. Company C. Recruits — Cook, Wm., e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '63. McFadin, Wm., e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Morgenstein, Lewis, e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Ross, John, e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Helsh, John. McGrath, Wm„ e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Company D. Privates — Buchanan, J. H., e. Aug. 15, '62. Bullock, Thos., e. Aug. 15, '62, pro. reg O. M. Baines, John, e. Aug. 11, '62. Hailman, D. E., e. Aug. 15, '62. Piffin, Sept. 15, '62, d. Nov. 7, '63. Recruits — Bellair, Peter, e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Lombard, Augustus, Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. M.cGin, John, e. Sept. 20. '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wood, Jas., e. Sept. 20, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Company E. Recruits — Graves, I. H., Sept. 23, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Honner, Landon. Metz, F., e. Sept. 20, '64, m o. Aug. 5, '65. Souday, E., e. Sept. 20, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Company F. Recruits — Baily, S. P., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Grubb, C. D., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Gaston, Chas., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Penfleld, H. W., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. Aug. 5. '65. 7S4: HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUXTY. Company G. Privates — Bradshaw, J., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Bradshaw, Wm, e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, corpl. Brown, R. K., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Feb. 12, '63. Brown, John, e. Aug. Id, '62. Cadwell, W. R., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Larimore, J., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Lewis, B., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Hartly, J. J., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, sergt. Mitchell, L., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Anderson- ville. Mooberry, S. R., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Mooberry, Wm., e. Aug. 15. '62, died St. Louis. Reeder, C. B., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Sharp, A. T., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Simms, A. S., e. Aug. 15, '62, died Young's Point. Uable, C. W., e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Watts, Robt, e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Recruits — Garver, Noah, e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Kinsinger, J., e. Oct. 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 4, '65. Smith, Christian, e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Twiggs, J. L., e. Oct. 1, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wilber, E., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Lahargonette, P., e. March 1, '65. Company H. Second Lieutenant — Michael Glasheen, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Sergeant — Simon P. Hite, e. Aug. 12, '62, died Feb. 5, '65. Corporals — J. B. Kelley, e. Aug. 12, '62. Jas. M. Erwin, e. Aug. 12, '62, kid. Ft. Spanish, March 28, '65. Privates — Burnes, Hugh, e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Nov. 5, '64. Laig, I. B., e. Aug. 12, '62. McMais, P., e. Aug. 12, '62. Ryan, Thos., e. Aug. 12, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Shay, Michael, e. Aug. 12, '62, died July 10, '63. Shoup, Franklin, e. Aug. 12, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 18, '64. Speck, Wm., e. Aug. 12, '62, abs. sick at m. o. of regt. Tefft, H. M., e. Aug. 12, '62, died Young's Point, Feb. 11, '63. Recruits — Anno, A. N„ e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Avery, A. M., e. Sept. 27, '64, abs. sick at m. o. of regt. Botzfield, Benj., e. Sept. 24, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, •65. Fisher, J. A., e. Sept. 23, '64, d. May 5, '65. Company I. Privates — Droyers, Dennis, e. Aug. 14, '62, d. Apr. 20, '64. Ennis, John, e. Aug. 11, '62. Hamilton, Daniel, Aug. 15/ '62. Young, Peter, e. Sept. 18, '62. Recruits — Baker, John S., e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Bloom^ Samuel, e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Kipcha, Jona, e. Sept. 20, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wertz or Metz, Levi, Philander E. Davis, e. Aug. 28, '62, d. Mar. 28, '63. J. M. Bruchher, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. First Sergeant — Henry C. Kellogg, e. Aug. 9, '62, died April 24, '63. Sergeants — Amos Seeley, e. Aug. 5, '62, m. o. July 27, '65. David Stimmel, e. Aug. 5, '62, died Jan. 20, '63. Corporals — Alphius Donigan, e. Aug. 13, '62, died Young's Point, Feb. 8, '63. J. H. Trumbull, e. Aug. 15, '62. tr. to I. C, Jan. 20, '64. H. T. McGrew, e. Aug. 12, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Wagoner — John Sunderland, e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Jan. 14, '63, reason family affliction. Privates — Cornelius, Levi, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '62. Cornelius, Henry, e. Aug. 14, '62. Castle, J. H., e. Aug. 13, '62, died St. Louis, Jan. 1, '64. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 785 Charles, J. H., e. Aug. 15, '62, d. May 5, '63. dis. Carett, H. E., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Enslow, Worthington, e. Aug. 14, '62, died at Milliken's Bend, Mar. 10, '63. Eads, Henry, e. Aug. 12, '62, died at St. Louis, Jan. 30, '63. Fliagle, Root, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Flennakin, G., e. Aug. 24, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Heenan, M., e. Aug. 28, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Kahili, John, e. Aug. 22, '62. O'Lary, Arthur, e. Aug. 28, '62, died in Ander- sonville pris. Sept. 28, '64, grave No. 10,042. Olslagle, Chas., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Payne, A., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Pomfrett, M. E., e. Aug. 14, '62, d. Sept. 24, '64, dis. Rose, Hilburt, e. Aug. 28, '62, died at Young's Point, Jan. 24, '63. Spaulding, Wm„ e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, as sergt. Stout, T. F., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. July 22, '65, was pris. Sniffin, John, e. Aug. 14, '62, Kid. at Guntown, Miss., Jan. 10, '64. Stout, Wm, e. Aug. 28, '62. Taylor, V. W., e. Aug. 28, '62, d. Dec. 24, '63, •dis. Turner, G. R., e. Aug. 12, '62, d. Jan. 6, '62, dis. Whitaker, S. M., e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. Aug. 5', '65, corpl. Winn, F. M., e. Aug. 14, '62, abs. sick, sup- posed died. Walker, S. W., e. Aug. 11, '62. Young, Homer, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. July 27, '65, as 1st sergt. Recruits — • Bowers, D. O, e. Dec. 24, '63, d. Jan. 25, '65, dis. Davis, A. E., e. Sept, 28, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Navin, Edward, e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 2, '65. Robertson. Jas„ e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Scott, John F., e. Sept. 28, '64, in. o. Aug. 5, '65. Weeks, A. F„ e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wilcox, John, e. Sept. 23, '64, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Welsh, John, e. Sept. 24, '63. Unassigned Recruits — Berry, Emanuel, e. Oct. 3, '64. Buckstone, P., e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Feb. 14, '66. Carroll, John, e. Sept. 20, '64. Campbell, M. A., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. July 1, '65. Charles, John, e. Sept. 23, '64. Chamberlain, G, G., e. Oct. 3, '64. Cral, Jas., e. Oct. 1, '64. Davidson, Conoralzy, e. Oct, '64. Duffy, John, e. Sept. 22, '64. Day, John, e. Sept. 22, '64. Gilbert, Wm., e. Sept. 22, '64. Hoffage, Burnett. Kelly, Jas. F., e. Sept. 27, '64. Miller, Thos., e. Oct. 3, '64. McNight, Edward, e. Sept. 22, '64. Nash, Geo., e. Oct. 3, '64. Reese, Wm., e. Sept. 23, '64. Sherman, Frank, e. Sept. 20, '64. Stack, Abraham, e. Oct. 3, '64. Smith, Wm. B., e. Sept. 22, '64. Willis, Henry R., e. Sept. 28, '64. Willson, David, e. Sept. 23, '64. Wagoner, Cornelius, e. Oct. 3, '64. Wells, John, e. Sept. 22, '64. Young, Geo., e. Sept. 23, '64. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFAN- TRY. This regiment was organized at Camp But- ler and ordered to the front on October 4, 1862; went through Falmouth, Paris, Lexing- ton, Richmond, Danville and Louisville, Ky., and on February 1, 1863, advanced to Nash- ville, Tenn. During the winter of 1862-63 it suffered much from exposure on long marches and scouting expeditions. It engaged the enemy at Chickamauga on September 19th and participated in the engagements around Chat- tanooga and Mission Ridge. In the campaign of 1863, it lost 235 men and 10 officers. On May 7, 1864, it led the charge on Tunnel Hill, Ga. It was engaged in the battle at Resaca, Ga., on May 15th and 16th. During the At- lanta campaign it lost 100 men; returned to Tennessee with General Thomas, and was act- ive in the destructon of Bragg's old veteran army under General Hood. It received its final discharge at Camp Butler, June 23, 1865. Company H. Captains- Henry Pratt, e. Sept. 13, '62, res. Apr. 16, '63. ;sg HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. John Reardon, e. Sept. 13, '63, m. o. June 11, '65. First Lieutenants — Silas Parker, e. Sept. 13, '62, res. Mar. 12, '63. Jos. Slaughter, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Second Lieutenant — S. K. Hatfield, e. Aug. 8, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. First Sergeants — P. H. Herrott, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. David Potter, e. Aug. 11, '62, d. Dec. 14, '63, tor pro. as First Lieut. 15th U. S. C. T. Sergeants — Jas. T. McDowell, e. Aug. 9, '62, kid. at Dal- ton, Ga., Feb. 25, '64. Theodore Van Hayne, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Corporals — William Fleming, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65, private. Burnham Vincent, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. May 20, '65. Rosewell Wilcox, e. Aug. 12, '62, sergt, d. for pro. as First Lieut. 44th U. S. C. T. Henry R. Gale, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65, sergt. David A. Johnson, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Wm. Gleason, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 11, '65, sergt. Percival Place, e. Aug. 9, '62, d. dis. May 14, '62. Musicians — Elias O. Jones, e. Aug. 14, '62, d. dis. Dec. 24. '62. Wm. T. Bacon, e. Aug. 9, '62, died Franklin, Tenn., April 14, '63. Wagoner — - Reuben Weller, e. Aug. 13, '62, d. dis. Mar. 3, '63. Privates — Arnold, G. H., e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Lexington, Mar. 7, '63. Akin, Jas., e. Aug. 13, '62, d. dis. Sept. 11, '63. Albright, Wm., e. Aug. 19, '62, d. dis. Dec. 15, '63. Albro, J. H., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Bird, P. H., e, Aug. 9, '62, tr. to V. R. C. May 24, '64. Briggs, E. M., e. Aug. 11, '62, tr. to V. R. C. May 10, '64. Branson, Caleb, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. May 20, '65. Brighton, I. N., e. Aug. 12, '62, died at Nash- ville, May 31, '64, wnds. Creager, Chris, e. Aug. 14, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Carroll, J. J., e. Aug. 13, '62, died in Anderson- ville pris. April 25, '64, grave No. 666. Finsher, J. L., e. Aug. 19, '62, m. o. June 11, '65, corpl. Goodale, Simeon, e. Aug. 13, '62, d. dis. April o, Do. Hiscox, Edwin, July 12, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Johnson, Jas., e. July 9, '62, died at Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 9, '63. Johnson, Lewis, e. July 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Jones, W. T., e. July 9, '62, died at Tullahoma, ' Tenn., Aug. 23, '63. Jones, J. V., e. July 9, '62, kid. at Danville, Ky., Feb. 9, '63. Keller, G. J., e. July 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Lamm, S. L., e. July 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65, corpl. Leaser, S. L., e. July 12, '62, abs. sick at m. o. Mell, Geo., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Meyers, F. H., e. Aug 9, '62, kid. Chicamauga, Sept. 26, '63. Olson, Swan, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '05, was pris. Patterson, L. M., e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '63. Patten, Z. C, e Aug. 9, '62, corpl. d. Apr. 5, '65, to accept Second Lieut, in 14th N. Y. Infantry. Plackett, J. S„ e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Poling, Phillip, e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Robinson, E. E., e. Aug. 9, '62, wnds. and missing at Chickamauga, Sept. 30, '63. Ritchie, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, '62, d. dis. Dec. 13, '62. Rathburn, Elias, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June I, '65. Sunderland, Samuel, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June II, '65, wnd. Thompson, L. D., e. Aug. 11, '62, died Mar., '63. Popping, Albert, e. Aug. 14, '62, tr. to eng. c, July 27, '64. Van Nest, H. D., e. Aug. 9, dis. May 6, '63. Waldron, John, e. Aug. 9, '62, wnd. and miss- ing at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Will, John, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 11, '65. Work. Wm., e. Aug. 9, '62, corpl. accidentally kid. at Greenwood Mills, Ga., July 29, '64. Work, Edw., e. Aug. 9, '62, d. dis. Apr. 3, '63. HISTOUY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 787 Watson, J,. W., e. Aug. 13, '62, m. o. June Second Lieutenant— H> ' 65 - Benj. P. Burnett, e. June 1, '62, m. o. Oct. Watson, T. J., e. Aug. 13, '62, d. Oct. 7, '64, 28, '64. wnds - Sergeants— White, J. P., e. Aug. 14, '62, corpl. died at Edward A. Hall, e. May 1, '64 m. o. Oct. Chickamauga, Oct. 30, '63, wnds. 28 '64 Zumwalt, Wm, e. Aug. 9, '62, died at Rich- Henry A . T omm, e. May 10, '64, m. o. Oct. mond, Ky., Jan 10, '63. og >g 4 Recruits— Wm. Morehead. e. May 14, '64, m. o. Oct. Brighton, J. V., e. Dec. 1, '63, m. o. Dec. 16, 28, '64. '65, corpl. Wm. H. Mars, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Lamm, J. W., e. Sept. 30, '64, m. o. June 11, '65. Corporals Plackett, A. K., e. Feb. 13, '64, m. o. Dec. Charles Tuesbury, e. May 4, '64, m. o Oct. 16, '65. Zumwalt, John, e. April 3, '63, dis. 28, '64. Henry 1 Wagenseller, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH IN- Frank Ki]patricki e . May j >64> m Qct FANTRY. Lieutenant-Colonel — ■ Jona. Merriam, e Sept. 19, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Company A. First Lieutenant — Benjamin R. Hioronymus, e. Aug. 7, 62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Privates — Sowman, H. J., e. Aug. 12, '62. Dempsey, David, e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. June 22, '65. Hieronymus, T. H., e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. 28, '64. Wm. H. Laing, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Musician — Wm. H. Clauser, e. May 25, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Wagoner — Lemuel Role, e. May 14, '64. m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Privates- Ames, John, e. May 1, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Angier, Dwight, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Allen, Jesse, e. May 14, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Bartley, Wm., e. May 4, '64, died Aug. 22, '64. Burky, John, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Mason, Truman, e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. June Cufaudei HugQj e May 17< > 64> m 0ct 22, '65. McTernin, John, e. Aug. 7, '62, d„ dis. Mar. 19, '63. Phillip, Buche'r, e. '62, in 117th Inf., Co. B. died at Memphis, Tenn., of chronic diarrhea, July, '64. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH IN- FANTRY. 28, '64. Coal, Wm., e. May 25, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Casey, Wm. O, e. May 26, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Ehlen, Herman, e. May 25, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Hall, George, e. May 12, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Hiffen, Albert, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Hampton, Augustus, e. May 7, '64, m. o. Oct. First Assistant Surgeon— ' ' -, ,n. „ „ <~.„t oa 'Ri Hooten, John, e. May 14, 64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Allen M. Pierce e. June 1, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, 64. J • •■ „.',„, Company C. Captain — Koch, Henry L., e. May 7, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Kruze, John, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Kepler, Jos., e. May 25, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Dietrich C. Smith, e. June 1, '64, m. o. Oct. Mowery, Daniel, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 26, '64. 28, '64. First Lieutenant McGrew, Nathaniel, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. Elijah W. Dickinson, e. June 1, '64, m. o.- Oct. 28, '64. 2g , 64 Mark, Wm., e. May 1, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. f'88 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. M'erithew, Fred, e. May 14, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. McCoy, Wm. H., e. May 19, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Parr, Daniel, e. May 9, '64, m. o. Oct. 15, '64. Pfeiffer, John, e. May 14, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Rosentreter, P. L., e. May 7, '64, m. o. Oct. 29, '64. Robbins, C. L„ e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Shaw, Henry, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Sipes, Ira, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Speaker, Camp, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Stewart, Henry, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Sting, Henry, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Toenings, Henry, e. May 23, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. VanBuren, Edward, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Watts, Edward, e. May 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 27, '64. "Watson, John, e. May 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Winslow, Chas. A., e. May 26, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. York, Henry, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Company F. Privates — Baldwin, Henry N, e. May 12, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. Hanson, Able, e. May 24, '64, m. o. Oct. 28, '64. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH IN- FANTRY. Company D. Sergeant — James Flanniken, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Corporal — Henry Washburn, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Privates — Burk, Barlett J., e. May 2, '64, pro. Hos. Stew- ard. Burk, John L., e. May .2, '64, m, o. Sept. 23, '64. Bates, Wm. H., e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Hannig, John, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Mason, John G., e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Roelofson, Wm. J., e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Sparrow, Yock, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Thomas, Henry, e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. Trout, Alex. W., e. May 2, '64, m. o. Sept. 23, '64. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH IN- FANTRY. The One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infantry was organized at Camp Butler, Sept. 18, 1864, for one year. Companies B and C were or- dered to Brighton, 111., Companies D and H to Quincy, and Company F to Jacksonville, and were assigned to duty guarding drafted men and substitutes. The remaining com- panies were assigned to similar duty at Camp Butler. July 5, 1865, the regiment was mus- tered out of service. Company I. Captain — Geo. W. Baker, e. Sept. 19, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. First Sergeant- James Bliss, e. Sept. 21, '64, d. June 14, '65. Private — Laing, Thomas, e. Sept. 3, '64, m. o. July 10, '65. Company K. Captain — E. L. Williams, e. Sept. 21, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Sergeant: — Lewis G. Smith, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Corporals — J. M. Carmichael, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. C. W. Tooker, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. W. E. Culton, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Wm. Colgan, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Musicians — Chas. W. Lee, e Sept 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. C. W. Seiwell, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Wagoner — Kirk, Andrew, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Privates — Athens, Geo. W.. e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Butts, Jas. F., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Cook, Wm., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Cavin, Thos. E., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Dold,- F. A., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Evans, Taylor, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 789 Fitzpatrick, H., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Fellows, Hart, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Hatcher, H. C, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Jordon, John, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Kubbacher, P., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Lohnee, John, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Lyle, John H., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Lockwood, J. E., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Lotz, L. C, e. Sept. 17, '64, pro. Hos. Steward. Levans, John, e. Sept. 17, '64. McCulloch, C. H., e. Sept. 13, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Madden, M. H., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Popkins, John, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Quigley, Thos., e. Sept. 17, '64. Raus. Jacob, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Rapp, Jacob, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Schooley, P. H., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Summers, J., e. Sept. 16, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Shannon, E„ e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Spillman, Fred, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Sandusky, J. C., e. Sept. 17, '64, d. May 27, '65. Smith, E. P., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Trost, Peter, e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Troger, H., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Voglesang, F., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Vories, Wm. L., e. Sept. 17, '64, m. o. July 9, '65. Waldlck, Wm., e. Sept. 17, '64, d. June 5, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-EIGHTH IN- FANTRY. Organized at Camp Butler February 21, 1865, for the term of one year. February 2j!d it proceeded to Nashville, Tenn., and on March 1st moved to Tullahoma. June 18th five com- panies were ordered to Decherd, one company was stationed at McMinnville, and the other four companies were engaged in guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad from Lombardy to Anderson Station. The regi- ment arrived at Springfield September 9, 1865, where it received its final discharge. Company C. Captain — Benj. F. Burnett, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. First Sergeant — Abel B. Barron, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Sergeants — Constantine Aberle, e. Feb. 8, '65, ni. o. Sept. 5, '65. Geo. W. Jones, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. M. R. Barron, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. F. J. Haines, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. June 19, '65. Corporals — Wm. Booth, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. C. W. Clark, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. H. A. Miller, e. Feb. S, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Wm. A. Barker, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. D. Griffey, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Musicians — John F. Black, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. M. M. Leach, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Wagoner — Henry Bloom, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Privates — . Aplegate, E., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Bahrens, J. H., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Blair, W. S., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Bloom, J. W., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Bolinder, Wm., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Brady, Peter, e. Feb. 8, '65. Bequeath, N., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Barkmier, Henry, e. Feb. 8, '65. Conley, David, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Devinney, W. R., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. DeLacy, J. A., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Dwyer, Wm. E., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Eden, Jacob H., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Fisher, Jerome, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Gatlin, Ed., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Grieser, Albert, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Garrett, Henry, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Glase, Samuel, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Hayes, John, e. Feb. 8, '65. Hardy W., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Hall, Lewis, e. Feb. 8, '65. Kuhn, Luppe, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. June 19, '65. Koozer, Thos., e. Feb. 8, '65, died Mar. 29, '65. Keefer, David, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 6, '65. McGrew, N. C, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Mussleman, Wm. H., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Aug. 25, '65. Miller, Francis, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Percy, John, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Steinman, P., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Sipes, Ira, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. 790 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUXTY. Williams, W. H., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Walker, R. C, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Woytsberger, K., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Wyatt, Wm. T., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. Garritt, John, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 5, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SECOND IN- FANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp But- ler, 111., by Col. Ferdinand D. Stephenson, and was mustered in Feb. 18, 1865, for one year. February 20th it moved to Nashville, Tenn., and thence to Tullahoma. The regiment ar- rived at Camp Butler, September 9, 1865, where it received final payment and dis- charge. Colonel- Ferdinand D. Stephenson, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Company A. Captain — Wm. S. Slocumb, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Privates — Anderson, Rice, e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Creekmur, Jno. R., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Dazey, Mark W., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Helm, Wiley R., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Meador, Joel J., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Pennington, E., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Phelps, Ransom, e. Feb. 11, '65, d. Mar. 2, '65. Scott, Joseph A., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Company C. Captain — James M. Hunter, e. Feb. 18, '65 m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Sergeants — G. W. Cox, e. Feb. 9, '65, pro. principal musi- cian. Stephen McKenzie, e. Feb. 9, '65. Allen Parlier, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Chas. Dunn, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11„ '65. Privates — Crews, Jas. R., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65 Campbell, D. F., e. Feb, 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Ellison, B., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Gilbreath, Jas., e. Feb. 9, '65, d. dis. July 29, '65. Gray, Sam'l, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Gray, Geo. W., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11,'65. Hart, Elias, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. McKinzie, F. M., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Morris, Chas., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. McClure, John, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Quillman, J. W., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Robinson, Calvin, e. Feb. 9, '65. Smith, S. R., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Smith, W. J., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Woodrow, Wm. C, e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Company D. Captain — Wm. Morehead, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. First Lieutenant — C. M. Kingman, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept 11, '65. Second Lieutenant — Frank Richmond, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Sergeants — Jas. R. Ogden, e. Feb. 9, '65, m." o. Sept. 11, '65. Homer P. Albright, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Corporals — John R. Whistler, e. Eeb. 13, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Wm. H. Fleming, e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Edw. Patrick, e. Feb, 4, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Jno. H. Warfield, e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Sam'l Shreves, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Musician — Edward K. Lee, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 791 Feb. 7, '65, died June Privates — Atkinson, Albert, e 27, '65. Bosier, Jos., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Bowles, Jos., e. Feb. 7, '65, d. dis. July 30, '65. Eurk, John L., e. Jan. 23, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Baker, Geo. W., t. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Cappilo, Jos., e. Jan. 28, '65, in. o. Sept. 21 ,'66. Bnslow, H. S., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Evans, Chas. A., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Fleming, A. J., e. Feb. 9, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Galbreth, Wm., e. Feb. 9, '65. Garrison, J., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. July 14, '65. Hoops, David A., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Henning, Martin, e. Jan. 31, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Johnson, Jno. W., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Kinzey, R. A., e. Feb. 13, '65, m. o. Aug. 22, '65. Kinman, Taylor, e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Laing, Wm. H., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Leech, Wm., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Lee, Jeremiah, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Lamason, Wm. D., Feb. 13, '65, died Aug. 25, '65. Melford, Geo. W., e. Feb. 4, '65. Morris, Hiram D., e. Feb. 8, '65. McCanee, G. W., e. Feb. 2, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Meriweather, J. H., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Meriweather, F. F., e. Feb. 4, '65. Martin, Chas., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11/65. Osborne, Jno. E., e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Aug. 25, '65. Richards, Wm., e. Feb. 3, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Reid, Jno. R., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Ramsey, Henry, e. Feb. 10, '65 Taylor, Jas. N., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Vanmeter, H. R., e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11. '65. Wilt, David J., e. Feb. 7, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Company E. Sergeant — Chas. Wagoner, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Privates — Cutcomb, Willis, e. Feb. 10, '65, d. Mar, 3, '65. Gilmore, J. H., e. Feb. 16, '65. m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Lunn, Elijah, e. Feb. 16, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Mondy. Jos., e. Feb. 16, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Company G. First Lientenants — Thos. L. Orendorff, e. Feb. 18, '65, res. Aug. 14, '65. Hamilton Sutton, e. Sept. 5, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Private — Blankinship, Jno. e. Feb. 16, '65, died Mar. 10, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOURTH IN- FANTRY. Company C. Assistant Surgeon — F. Shurtleff, e. Feb. 6, '65, m. o. Sept. 18, '65. Sergeant — Alfred Jenkins, e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 12, '65. Corporal — Joseph Crocker, e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. 18, '65. Privates — Neal, James, e. Feb. 22, '65, m. o. Sept. 18, '65. Phillips, James, e. Feb. 14, '65. Swan, Alonzo, e. Feb. 22, '65, m. o. May 23, '65. Company G. Sergeant- Sann, Jacob, e. Jan. 27, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Fayette Baker, e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Sept. Shreve, Milton, e. Feb. 11, '65, m. o. Sept. i > 11, '65. Shay, Martin, e. Feb. 10, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Sullivan, Benj. F., e. Jan. 30, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Santer, Jno., e. Jan. 23, '65, m. o. Sept. 27, '65. Thompson, W. T., e. Feb. 8, '65, m. o. Sept. 11, '65. Privates — Brookins, S-, e. Feb. 16, '65, m. o. July 4, '65. Brown, Richard, e. Feb, 15, '65. Clark, Henry R., e. Feb. 15, '65, pro. First Lieut. Cornelius, Henry, e. Feb. 15, '65, pro. Second Lieut. ",\)2 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL C'Ol'XTY. Dixon, Abraham S., e. Feb. 18, '65, pro. Second Lieut. McCormick, C, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. June 19, '65. Company H. Private — Duff, John W., e. Feb. 21, '65, died Apr. 3, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH IN- FANTRY. Was organized at Camp Butler, February 28, 1865, for one year, and on March 2d pro- ceeded, via Louisville and Nashville, to Tulla- horna, Tenn. June 15th it was divided into detachments of 20 to 30 men each, and as- signed to guard duty on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad from Nashville to Duck River, a distance of fifty miles. September 4th it was mustered out and moved to Camp Butler, 111., where it received final pay and discharge. Company D. Privates — Clarkson, Jas. V., e. Feb. 23, '65. m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Camp, Isaac, e. Feb. 22, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Maines, Jas., e. Feb. 16, '65, pro. First Lieut. Smith, John H„ e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Spagle, Asa R., e. Feb. 20, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Company F. Private — Cazey, Joseph T., e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Company K. First Sergeant — Henry Lervin, e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. July 10, '65. Privates — Corder, Elijah, e. Feb. 16, !65, m. o. Sept. Edwards, Wm. R., e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Fish. Charles, e\ Feb. 21, '65. m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Gable, Augustus, e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Hieple, Fred W., e. Feb. 21, '65. m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Hadley, Lamar W., e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Kapp, John H., e. Feb. 22, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Minch, Henry, e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Minch, Geo., e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Middleyon, C. C, e. Feb. 23,, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Tobias, Wesley, e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Tomplain, Oliver, e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. Wilson, Merritt, e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. Sept. 1, '65. Walker, J. B.. e. Feb. 21, '65. died Mar. 19, '65. Zinzer, Israel, e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Sept. 4, '65. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH IN- FANTRY. Corporals — John Lynch, e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Sept. 20, '65. Wni. x\. Hill.e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Aug. 24, '65. Privates — Hill, Martin, e. Feb. 15. '65. Hill, John, e. Feb. 15, '65. Miller, Jacob A., e. Feb. 15, '65. Most, Henry, e. Feb. 15, '65. THIRD CAVALRY. The Third Cavalry was composed of twelve companies from various parts of the State, the grand total of company officers and enlisted men under the first organization being 1,433. It was organized at Springfield in August, 1861. September 25th it moved to St. Louis, Mo., and October 1st to Jefferson City, thence to Warsaw, arriving October 11th, and on the 23d marched to Springfield, Mo. February 13th it fought its first engagement, and won the first victory of Curtis's campaign. Feb. ruary 14, 1862, it occupied Springfield, Mo.; on the 15th it came up with Price's retreat- ing army, capturing some prisoners; on the ISth participated in a charge, routing the enemy at Sugar Creek, Ark.; on the 20th marched to Cross Hollows; March 5th fell back to Pea Ridge; was engaged in a skirm- ish on the 7th when it lost 10 killed and 40 wounded; on the 19th moved to Keetsville; April 10th arrived at Forsyth; on the 29th moved to West Plains; May 1st started for Batesville; and on the 14th moved to Little Red River. June 4th it fell back to Fairview. On the 7th Captain Sparks, with 66 men, was surrounded by 200 of the enemy, but cut his way out. losing four wounded and four pris- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 793 oners; June 11th it went to Jacksonville; on July 5th to Helena, and moved to Memphis in the spring of 1S63. The regiment took part in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicks- burg; also in engagements at Vermillionville, Opelousas and Carrion Crow Bayou, and par- ticipated in the battles of Tupelo, Okolona and Guntown. August 21st it took part in repuls- ing General Forrest's attack on Memphis; also took part in the battles of Lawre'nceburg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville and Franklin. In May it moved to St. Louis, thence to St. Paul, Minn., and on July 4th started on an Indian expedition. It returned to Springfield, 111., October 13, 1865, and was mustered out of the service. Company B. Captains — Joseph S. Maus, e. Sept. 25, 61, res. July 8, '62. John B. Baker, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. First Lieutenants — J. B. Ketchum, e. Sept. 21, '61, res. March IS, '62. Samuel L. Shellenberger, e. Aug. 13, '61, pro. Capt. Co. F as consolidated, pro. Maj. Second Lieutenants — Michael Fisher, e. Sept. 21, '61, res. Dec. 26, '61. Chas. C. Worth, e. Aug. 13, '61, res. Feb. 28, '63. H. W. Bachman, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 6, '64. Sergeants — ■ M. W. Skinner, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. May 2, '62, dis. S. Stafford, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. Oct. 16, '62, dis. J. D. Welch, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Corporals — Peter Sneider, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. Aug. 13, '62, dis. James Burton, e. Aug. 13, '61, v., d. June 7, '65, sergt. Philip Mutter, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Bugler — Frank Smith, e. Aug 13, '61, died at Memphis, June 30. '64, wnds. Wagoner — Chas. Habberfield, e. Aug. 13, '61, died at Pekin while on parole. Saddler — Karl Shaffnit, e. Aug. 14, '61, d. Oct. 17, '62, dis Privates — Adams, J. R., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65, sergt. Dams, David, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64, sergt. Bachman, August, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. July 1, '62, dis. Banner, Patrick, e. Aug. 13, '61, tr. to V. R. C. April 15, '64. Blair, Augustin, e. Aug. 13, '61, died at Mack- inaw, Dec. 5, '61. Basquin, Barnard, e. Aug. 13, '61 died at La- fayette, Tenn., Aug. 10, '63. Bowen, P., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Nov. 5, '64. Clayton, Wm„ e. Aug. 13, '61, m o. Nov. 5, '64. Cassle, J., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Nov. 5, '64, corpl. Campbell, C, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. June 24, '62, dis. David, Alex., e. Aug. 12, '61, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Dennis, Geo., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64, saddler. Druckhouse, Lewis, e. Aug. 13, '61, tr. to V. R. C. April 16, '64. Dyer, S. J., e. Aug. 13, '61, d. for pro. in 7th La., A. D. Flanniker, A. W., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65, sergt. Fessler, D., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Fanniker, J., e. Aug. 13, '61, d. April 30, '62, dis. Gaither, W. G„ e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Hood, David B., e. Aug. 13, '61, died at St. Louis, Dec. 4, '61. Hobbs, John, e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. June 5, '65. Judy, S., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Koch, Wm., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Linek, Henry, e. Aug. 13, '61, died in hos. Apr. 25, '63. Loutz, W., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '65, sergt. Monro, J. R., e. Aug. 13, '61. Mullen, O., e. Aug. 13, '61, d. May 23, '62, (lis. Mitchael, Julius, e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65, sergt. ;94 H1ST0EY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. McConkie, J. A., e. Aug. 13, '61, left sick at Warsaw, Mo., Oct. 13, '61. Potter, P. G., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., d. June 7, '65, dis. Pence, John, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Parks, Barnard, e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65, corpl. Robinson, I. N, e. Aug. 13, '61, in. o. Sept. 5, '64. Richmond, A., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., d. Dec. 19, '62, dis. Smith, John, e. Aug. 13, '61, died Lafayette, Tenn., July 31, '63. Sunderland, W. E. e. Aug. 13, '61, v., d. June 7, '6b, dis. Snyder, S. S., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., pro. sergt. and first lieut. Stuckhard, Henry, e. Aug. 13, '61, v. Sunderman, Geo., e. Aug. 13, '64, died at Young's Point, La., June 24, '63. Sutton, N. W., e, Aug. 13, '61, died at La- Grange, Tenn., Sept. 9, '63. Tenny, James, e. Aug. 13, '61, v. Walters, John, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Walters, W. J., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65, corpl. Worst, W., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64, corpl. Leach, N., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Puterbaugh, S. G., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 6, '64, sergt. Wills, N, e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Simpson, E., e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Sept. 5, '64. Probasco, J. H., e. Aug. 13, '61, d. June 16, '62, dis. Webber, J. B., e. Aug. 13, '61, died at Memphis, July 18, '64. Erlicher, Frederick, e. Aug. 13, '61, kid. at Pea Ridge, Mar. 7, '62. Sparks, Thos., e. Aug. 13, '61. Williamson, Joseph, e. Aug. 13, '61, d. Feb. 18, '63, dis. Walten, W., e. Aug. 13, '61, v., m. o. Oct. 10,'65. Recruits — Barr, F. M., e. Feb. 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Churchwell, W., e. Nov. 2, '63, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Eyger, N., e. Dec. 24, '63, m. o. June 5, '65, pris. Graham, H. D., e. Feb. 1, '64. Miller, T., e. Jan. 13, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65, sergt. Powers, James, e. Jan. 29, '64. Putnam, John, e. Jan. 29, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Schaffer, Jacob, e. Dec. 17, '63. Sunken, Geo., e. Jan. 4, '64, died at Eastport, Miss., May 16, '65. Taylor, V. W., e. Oct. 23, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. White, John, e. Nov. 5, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Wagoner, Christian, abs. sick at m. o. of regt. THIRD CAVALRY (Consolidated). Major — ■ Samuel Shellenberger, e. Aug. 13, '61, m. o. Oct. 10, '65, as capt. Company F. Recruits — Allensworth, G. M., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Barton, J. F., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Campbell, C, e. Oct., 8, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Ewing, Chas., e. Oct. 4, '64. Gray, Silas, e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '66. Manker, L. L., e. Oct. 8, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Patterson, Geo., e. Oct. 16, '64, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Parmelee, C. L., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Samples, J. W., e. Oct. 7, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Search, J. W., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Watson, Wm., e. Sept. 27, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Company G. Private — Glenn, J. W., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. May 10, '65. Company H. Corporals — Joseph B. Wilts, e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Joseph M. or W. Travis, e. Mar. 17, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Privates — Bear, Wm., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Hibbetts, C. W., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Hibbard, A. B., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Maddux, W. M., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Masser, J. M., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Thorp, D. W., e. Mar. 1, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Company I. Sergeant — Franklin Whitmer, e. Mar. 16, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 79f Corporal — . Samuel Strobe, e. Mar. 16, '05, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Privates — Lyons, J., e. Feb. 4, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Moore, John, e. Mar. 7, '65. Company K. Farrier — S. D. Stewart, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Privates — Collins, Lewis, e. Mar. 7, '65. Evans, Sam'l, e. Mar. 10, '62, m. o. Oct. 10, 'G5. Unassignee! Recruits- Leech, Robert, e. Oct. 8, '64, died Camp But- ler, 111., Nov. 20. '64. Smith, J. F., e. Oct. 8, '64, m. o. May 21, '65. Tussihian, S. R., e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. June 3, '65. FOURTH CAVALRY. Company E. Private — Pickernell, W., e. Sept. 11, '61, died Mar. 1, '62. Company G. Privates — Orr, Thos., e. Sept. 5, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Woodberry, H., e. Sept. 5, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Tuesburg, H., e. Oct. 26, '61, kid. July 1, '62. Company H. First Sergeant — C. H. Cooper, e. Sept. 5, '61, d. June 19, '62, dis. Sergeants — Geo. N. Leoni, e. Sept. 6, '61, pro. second lieut. Hugh A. Work, e. Sept. 2, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Corporals — Jeremiah B. Cook, e. Sept. 21, '61, d. for pro. L. P. Harwood, e Sept. '61, died May 8, '62. Privates — Allen, Chas. L.. e. Sept. 2, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Beecroft, John, e. Sept. 1. '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Brausau, C. P., e. Sept. 6, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Blanchard, W. F., e. Sept. 6, '61, died Feb. 9, '62. Cheever, A. B., e. Sept. 7. '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Cook, Henry C, e. Sept. 7, '61, d. June 3, '62. Cook, Howard, e. Oct. 1, '61, d. for pro. Eickhardt, A., e Sept. 16, '61, d. June 19, '62, dis. Fen, John, e. Oct. 1, '61, v. Gillord, C. S., e. Sept. 2, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Holt, T. B., e. Sept. 9, '61, v. • Lang, Thos., e. Sept. 8, '61, v. McMackin, Win. H, e. Sept. 17, '61, m. o. Nov. 3, '64. Scully, Michael, e. Sept. 2d, '61, d. for dis. Slaughter, J. ; e. Sept. 18, '64, died Sept. 12, '62. Varney, W. S„ e. Sept. 9, '61, d. May, '62, wnd. Whipp, A. P. e. Sept. 6, '61, died Feb. 10, '62. Blair, W. S., e. Oct. 21, '61. Beals, Jacob, e. Oct, 21, '61. Durham, Lorenzo, e. Nov. 16, '61, d. for pro. U'Neil, John, e. Oct. 1, '61, v. Underbill, A. H., e. Oct. 1, '61. "Voutz, Jacob, e. Oct. 1, '61. Elder, Leonard, e. Sept. 23, '61, v. FIFTH CAVALRY. Company E. Privates — Bell, Ellis, e. Apr. 7, '65, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. Burt, Alonzo, e. Apr. 7, '65, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. Curtis; P., e. Apr. 7, '65, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. Collins, C„ e. Apr. 7, '65, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. Cunningham, Berry, e. Mar. 23, '65. Lane, Larkin, e. Apr. 7, '65, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. Wilkinson, J. H., e. Jan. 4, '61, m. o. Oct. 27, '65. ELEVENTH CAVALRY. Robert G. Ingersoll, of Peoria, and Basil D. Meeks, of Woodford county, obtained permis- sion to raise a regiment of cavalry, and re- cruiting commenced in October, 1861. The regiment was recruited from the counties of Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Woodford, Marshall, Stark, Knox, Henderson and Warren, and mus- tered into service at Peoria, December 30, 1861, and was first under fire at Shiloh. It also took part in tne raid in the rear of Corinth and in the battles of Bolivar, Corinth (second battle), Iuka, Lexington and Jackson, Tenn.; in McPherson's expedition to Canton and Sherman's Meridian raid, in the relief of Yazoo City, and in numerous less important raids and skirmishes. Most of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans in December, 1863, the non-veterans being mustered out at Memphis in the autumn of 1864. The veterans were ,"96 HISTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. mustered out at the same place, September 30, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, October 20th. Company F, of this regiment; was re- cruited at Pekin in the fall and winter of 1861, and reported to the regiment at Peoria, with 98 men and three commissioned officers. Lieutenant-Colonel — Aquilla J. Davis, e. Dec. 20, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Major — Dennis S. Shepherd, e. Oct. 8, '61, res. May 29, '65. Company A. Bugler — John Draft, e. Sept. 27, '61, d. Oct. 14, '62. Privates — Burkhardt, M., e. Oct. 29, '61, m. o. Dec. 30, '61. Cook, F., e. Nov. 13, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Dehwert, Wm, e. Sept. 25, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Geis, Geo., e. Nov. 26, '61, d. dis. Jan. 27, '64. Graff, Jacob, e. Dec. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Hossert, John, e. Oct. 29, '61. Krenser, Albert, e. Dec. 16, '61, died July 29, '64. Kuhn, Gregor, e. Nov. 18, '61, kid. Aug. 25, '62. Metz, John, e. Nov. 19, '61, m. o. Dec. 20, '64. Ringle, Chris, e. Dec. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Sehaumburg, F., e. Oct. 3, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 20, '65. Recruits — Bauler, Matthias, e. Jan 21, '62, v. Bailey, Ira M., e. Feb. 25, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Gaengel, John, e. Dec. 18, '61, m. o. Dec. 20, '64. Laspe, Fred, e. Dec. 9, '63, died Oct. 22, '64. Nievar, Adam, e. Feb. 23, '64 m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Titlar, Jacob, e. Dec. 16, '63, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Legesser, Samuel, e. Dec. 14, '63, died Nov. 23, '64. Watson, Jas., e. Feb. 25, m. o. Sept. 20, '65. Thomas, Henry, e. Feb. 4, '65, in Co. B. Company C. Sergeant — John Mickil, e. Nov. 14, '61, v. Corporal — Samuel Miller, e. Nov. 17, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Blacksmith — Wm. McColgan, e. Nov. 14, '61, d. dis. May 8, '62. Privates — Bdds, David, C, e. Nov. 26, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 20, '65. Graham, H. D., e. Nov. 14, '61, d. dis, May 8, '62. Hanger. J, W. e. Dec. 3, '61. Kemper, Wm., e. Nov. 20, '61. Leary, Jas., e. Dec. 4, '61, v., died Aug. 29, '65. Leary, John, e. Dec. 4, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 20, '65. Sommers, Jno., e. Nov. 15, '61, d. dis. July 10, '62. Wood, John, e. Nov. 14, '61, d. dis. May 20, '62. Recruits — Parker, J. R., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. June 9, '65. Brontage, John, e. Feb. 22, '65. Gregory, Benj., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. June 9, '65. Graham, Fred, e. Jan. 4, '62, kid. at Shiloh, Apr. 6, '62. Hoyer, Fred, e. Feb. 11, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. McClung, Jas., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. July 22, '65, was pris. of war. Dehalderman, Simon, e. Nov. 27, '61, in Co. D. Wilmoth, L., e. Oct. 6, '64, in Co. D. Company F. Captains — Wm. H. Olmsted, e. Dec. 23, '61, res. Apr. 18, '62. Bernard Wagner, e. Dec. 20, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. First Lieutenants — ■ Richard Burus, e. Dec. 20, '61, kid. in battle of Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. David M. Cummings, res. Apr. 11, '63. John Backus, e. Dec. 31, '61, res. May 11, '65. Chas. T. Maus, e. Nov, 5, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Second Lientenant — David Blair, e. Dec. 4, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Sergeants — Samuel Dusenberry, e. Sept. 21, '61. Andrew McBride, e. Sept. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Corporals — Chas. Jacob, e. Sept. 30, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Wm. Hanlin, e. Sept. 25, '61, d. dis. July, '62. Richard Flinn, e. Sept. 21, '61. v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 597 Frank H. Dare, e. Sept. 29, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Ryan, Dennis, e. Nov. 13, '61, v., rn. o. Sept. 30, '65. 20, '65. Walter McDonald, e. Oct. 4, '61, m. o. Dec. Stiles, David, e. Sept. 24, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 20, '64. 30, '65. Blacksmith Scott, J. M., e. Oct. 21, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Jasper Smith, e. Oct. 3, '61, v.. m o SeDt . ' , * ' ' ' p Slawbaw, Jno., e. Dec. 17, '61, v., m. o. Sept. uO b5. 30, '65. Privates— Thorpe, M. G., e. Sept. 24, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Blanchard, W. S., e. Sept. 16, '61. 30, '65. Bridgewater, Henry R., e. Sept. 23, '61, died Town, L. A., e. Dec. 4, '61. Feb. IS, '63. Wagner, Jos., e. Dec. 6, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Brooks, Joseph, e. Oct. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Recruits- Bennett, Richard, e. Oct. 3, '61, died May 1, '62. Cunningham, Chas., e. Mar. 18, '63. Boyer, Jona., e. Oct. 20, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Davis, J. W., e. Dec. 9, '63, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Pat Happeny, e. Jan. 4, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Clark, Henry, e. Sept. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Happeny, Ed., e. Jan. 4, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. i.abberfleld, F., e. Nov. 13, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Cohenour, Wm, e. Sept. 21, '61, d. for dis. 30, '65. Curran, Patrick, e. Dec. 15, '61. Heaney, Frank, e. Dec. 26, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Davis, Joshua, e. Oct. 11, '61, v., died Feb. 30, '65. 13, '64. Henderson, Frank, e. Dec. 25, '61. Goff, Alex., e. Sept. 30, '61, died May 25, '62. * Jones, J. L., e. Feb. 25, '65. Gibbons, Thos., e. Oct. 3, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Johnson, Wm. T., e. Jan. 31, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Hays, Jacob, e. Sept. 27, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Munder, Ellis, e. Mar. 31, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. McFarland, M., e. Oct. 3, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Harman, D. H., e. Sept. 23, '61, d. Oct., '62. Norvelle, Thos., e. Jan. 31, '65, m. o. Sept. Hammond, Lemuel B., e. Nov. 11, '61. 30 '65. Hudson. Nathal, e. Dec. 15, '61, v., m. o. Sept. o'Riley, Jas., e. Sept. 23, '61, died Oct. 10, 30, '65. -G4, v. Kriell, John, e. Dec. 17, '61, v., m. o. Sept. pollard, Richard, e. Jan. 31, '64, m. o. Sept. 36, '65. 30, '65. Kemp, John, e. Sept. 23, '61, died. Pero, Alex., e. Oct. 3, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Little, John, e. Nov. 29, '61, d. for dis. Powers, Thos., e. Mar. 31, '64, died Feb. 18, '65. Long, John, e. Sept. 23, '61. Rayles, Jacob, e. Jan. 31, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. McGinnis. John, e. Oct. 5, '61, d. Dec. 20, '64. Williams, S. M., e. Mar. 22, '64. Mulvahill, Albt., e. Sept. 16, '61, m. o. Dec. jerker, Wm., e. Mar. 22, '64. 28, '64. Hainline, Geo., e. Dec. 2, '61, in Co. G, v., m. Mulvahill, Geo., e. Sept. 24, '61, d. Dec. 20, '64. July -\_A, '65. Murphy, Alex., e. Sept. 29, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Abbey, A., e. Feb. 29, '64, in Co. G, m. o. July 30, '65. 14, '65. McKassen, R. J., e. Sept. 19, '61, v. Merryfield, M., e. Sept. 21, *61, died Feb. 28, '62. Company H. Miller, Geo., e. Oct. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Myers, J. C, e. Nov. 16, '61, died Sept. 30, '62. Nelson, Daniel e. Sept. 17, '61, d. Dec. 20, '64. Corporal— Pickerell, Sam L., e. Sept. 23, '61, died May Henry Pratt, e. Dec. 6, '61, d. Dec. 22, 64. 3, '62. Privates— Ryans, Moses, e. Sept. 23, '61. Barraton, Jos., e. Nov. 29, '61, d. Dec. 22, '64. Second Lieutenant — Andrew T. Limbarger. 798 HISTOHY OF TAZEWELL COUiXTY. Lenard, Peter, e. Nov. 16, '61, v., m. o. Sept. Company M. 30, '65. Privates- Murphy, P. M., e. Nov. 17, '61, m. o. Sept. Brady, J. W., e. Feb. 27, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Delaney, Thos., e. Feb. 27, 65, m. o. Sept. Stamm, John, e. Nov. 16, '61, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Humphrey, Milt, e. Mar. 1, '62, m. o. 'Sept. ickes, W. J., e. Feb. 27, '05, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 30, '65. Unassigned Recruits — Recruits— Barrett, M. B., e. Nov. 16, '62. Grain, Frank, e. Feb. 29, '64, m. o. July 8, '65. Bowlsby, John, e. Nov. 18, '62. Doty, Sydney, e. Mar. 31, '64, died July 22, '64. Biggins, Patrick, e. Jan. 12, '63. Humphrey, Milt, e. Mar. 1, '62, m. o. Sept. Betty, Jos., e. Jan. 12, '63. 30, '65. Brown,, Ed., e. Dec. 19, '63. Humphrey, M., e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Cufaude, Hugh, e. Nov. 14, '64, m. o. May Howard, G. W., e. Jan. 20, '64, m. o. Sept. 29, '65. 30, '65. Crosby, Hugh, e. Jan. 10, '63. Kennedy, Isaac, e. Mar. 24, '64, m. o. Sept. Eibe, Conrad, e. Apr. 4, '65. 30, '65. Owens, EnniS M., e. Jan. 30, '64, m. u. Sept. King, John, e. Oct. 7, '64. 30, '65. Parson, E. L., e. Feb. 1, '64, 111. o. Sept. 30, '65. Princeton, Wm., e. Dec. 16, '63, m. u. May 22, '65. Pemberton, J. K., e. Jan. 19, '64, m. o. Sept. Howard, C. M., e. Nov. 16, '62. King, John, e. Oct. 7, '64. Strong, Jason, e. Dec. 3, '63. TWELFTH CAVALRY. 30, '65. Pemberton, Alvin, e. Jan. 19, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Rose, Chas., e. Dec. 19, '63, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Speers. J. F., e. Feb. 27, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Sakers, Henry, e. Dec. 15, '63. Winkelbeck J., e. Oct. 4, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Wright, Alfred, e. Sept. 28, '64, died July 12, '65. YTestiall, J. H., e. Apr. 1, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Pemberton, B., e. Feb. 5, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Company I. Privates — Humphrey, W. H., e. Nov. 7, '61. Snay, John, e. July 1, '62, m. o. June 9, '65. Taggart, David, e. Feb. 28, '62, died Aug. 10, '62. Company. L. Privates — Farran, Geo., e. Feb. 23, '61. Murphy, Pat, e. Oct. 27, '61. Green, John, e. Jan. 7, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Frye, Henry A., e. Feb. 27, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Mantion, D. F., e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Private — Cary, Ed., e. Jan. 1, '62, in Co. E. Unassigned Recruits — Blanche, Chas., e. Sept. 28, '64. Cook, John, e. Sept. 28, '64. James, Thos., e. Sept. 28, '64. .Layhe, Michael, e. Sept. 28, '64. McGovern, John, e. Sept. 28, '64. FOURTEENTH CAVALRY. Company A. Privates — Polland, J. P., e. Nov. 31, '62, missing in ac- tion Aug. 3, '64. Kolbe, John, e. Sept. 11, '62, d. dis. Dec. 5, '63. Company B. Privates — Amnion, John. Baldwin, Erwin, e. Feb. 16, '04. m. o. July 31, '65. Company C. Farrier — , John Buxton, e. Nov. 1, '62, d. dis. June S. '65. Privates — Highland, Culberton, e. Sept. 17, '62, died in Andersonville pris., Nov. 17, '64, grave No. 12,070. Pippin, e. Jan. 26, '63, m. o. July 31, '65. Powers. A. C, e. Feb. 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Pippin, Thos., e. Jan. 22, '63, m. o. July 31, '65. HISTOIIY OF TAZEWELL COLXTV. 799 Pippin, Arnold, e. Feb. 22, '64, m. o. July 31, '65. Rittenour, J. p., e. Feb. 22, '62, in Co. G. Wilier, Henry, e. Sept. 14, '02, in Co. K. Company M. Sergeant— Benj. Kaurman, e. Sept. 15, '62, died Feb. 9, '64. Corporals — John Probasco, e. Sept. 15, '62, m. o. July 31, '65. J. J. Ferguson, e. Sept. 15, '62, m. o. July 31, '65. Privates — Casey, J. M., e. Sept. 15, '62, m. o. July 31, '65. Stinley, Wm. e. Sept. 15, '62. Kellogg, David, e. Oct. 6, '64. Burk, Thos., e. Sept. 27, '64. Hass, Jacob, e. Oct. 6, '63, in Co. D 17th, m. o. Dee. 20, '65. Howard, D. G„ e. Jan. 15, '64, in Co. D 17th, m. o. Dec. 20, '65. Voorhees, David, e. Jan. 28, '64. in Co. D, m. o. Dec. 20, '65. ARTILLERY. Privates — Gillett, Chas. S., e. Dec. 30, '63, in Bat. F, 1st, kid. Aug. 3, '64. Richardson, Thos., e. July 3, '62, tr. to V. R. C. Betterling,' Geo., e. Apr. 19, '61, in Bat. A, 2d Art., d. dis. Wehner, Henry, e. July 17, '61, in Bat. A, 2d Art., died Feb. 14, '62, wnds. Brown, James, e. Sept. 23, '64, in Bat. G, 2d Art., m. o. May 30, '65. TWENTIETH UNITED STATES (Colored Infantry). Privates — ■ Corsley, Wm. H., e. Sept, 21, '64, in Co. B, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Hall, Geo. M., e. Sept. 21, '64, in Co. B. Company G. Privates — Ashby, Wm. J., e. Sept. 21, '64, m. o. Nov. 6, '65. Ashby, Marshall, e. Sept. 21, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Ashby. Wm. H., e. Sept. 21, '64, m. o. Sept. 30, '65. Day, Morgan, e. Sept. 30. '64, died Sept. 6, '65. Henry, Wm., e. Jan. 27, '65. Lewis, Ed., e. Sept. 28, '64, m. o. May 23, '65. Price, Wilson, e. Sept. 30, '64. Tumbleton, Thos. M., e. Sept. 30, '64. McGee, Benj., e. Mar. 7, '65. FIRST ARMY CORPS. Privates — ■ Davis, Noah N., e. Feb. 21, '65, m. o. Feb. 21, '66. Crabtree, A. J., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 28, '66. Carr, Thos., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 28, '66. McClure, J. A., e. Feb. 27, '65. Work, Hugh A., e. Feb. 24, '65, m. o. Feb. 24, '66. Sandburn, W. H., e. Feb. 3, '65, m. o. Mar. 3, '66. Crooks, Lawson, e. Mar. 6, '65. Powers, Chas., e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Feb. 28, '66. Schermere, A., e. Mar. 23, '65, m. o. Mar. 23, '66. Hill, Thos. e. Mar. 29. '65. m. o. Mar. 27, '66. Harsh, Philip, e. Mar. 30, '65, m. o. Mar. 29, '66. Simon, Francis, e. Apr., '65. Gibbs, W. J., Apr. 5, '65, m. o. Apr. 13, '66. Hess, Peter, e. Apr. 5, '65, m. o. Apr. 13, '66. Steinkoff, G., e. Apr. 5, '65, m. o. Apr. 13, '66. Bliss, Jas., e. June, '65. Dean, Henry, e. Sept., '64. Donelson, Jas., e. Feb., '64. Hays, R., e. Sept., '64. Newkirk, I. N., e. Oct., '64. Price, Geo., e. Sept., '64. Scott, John, e. Sept., '64. Wilson, Chas., e. Sept., '64. Young, Chas., e. June., '65. MISCELLANEOUS. Privates — Montgomery, Sam'l, e. Mar. 18, '62, v. Newbanks, C. H., e. Mar. 29, '65, m. o. Oct. 15, '65. Stanton, Michael, e. Oct. 12. '64, recruit. Linton, A. R., e. Mar. 12, '64, kid. by R. R. ac- cident, July 29, '64. Wanttand, John, e. Mar. 5, '64, m. o. Aug. 12, '65. Wood, John, e. Dec. 21, '64, m. o. Aug. 12, '65. Burns, Peter, e. Oct. 6, '64, recruit. Femes, M., e. Oct. 6, '64, rejected by board. Long, J. C, e. Oct. 6, '64, rejected by board. Dodson, R. F., e. Feb. 22, '65, v., m. o. July 31, '66. 800 HISTCffiY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY, Dodson, M., e. Feb. 22, '65, v., m. o. July 31, '66. Smith, Win., e. Sept. 3, '61. Myers, e. Mar. 6, '62, v., m. o. July 12, '65. Rouse, T. J., e. Apr. 2, '62, m. o. Apr. 12, '65. Edmiston, J., e. Sept. 10, '61, m. o. June 11, '62, dis. Collins, N. M., e. Sept. 20, '64, Co. E, 73d Inf., m. o. June 12, '65. Morris, B. J., e. Aug. 5, '62, Co. F, 73d Inf., d. Jan. 13, "63, dis. Horton, M., e. Feb. 9, '04, 73d Inf.. Co. K. Newberry, A., e. Sept. 29, '64, 73d Inf., Co. K. Clegg, J. C, e. Aug. 13, '62, 77th Inf., Co H., kid. Vicksburg, May 19, '63. Poga, A. B., e. Aug. 9, '62. 77th Inf., Co. H, m. o. June 17, '65, pris. war. Stewart, W. H., e. Aug. 12, '62, 77th Inf., Co. H, d. May 27, '63, dis. Hauck, John, e. 77th Inf., Co. K, as recruit. Bagler, J. R., e. Aug. 12, '62, 81st Inf., Co. D, m. o. Aug. 5, '65. Wilson, David, e. Feb. 14, '65, 81st Inf., Co. K, recruit. Groff, Jos. E., e. Aug. 1, '62, 85th Inf., Co. I, m. o. June 5, '65. Price, Frederick, e. Feb. 5, '63, 2nd Cav. un- assigned recruit. Hayner, Christian, e. Dec. 17, '63, unassigned recruit, cav. Clark, Lewis, e. Dec. 10, '64, 3d Cav., Co. A, recruit, m. o. Oct. 10, '05, as sergt. Ansell, Joseph, e. Oct. 11, '64, 3d Cav., Co. D, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Dalby, Milo, e. Oct., '64, 3rd Cav., Co. E, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. McCance, G. R., e. Apr. 12, '65, 3d Cav., Co. E, m. o. Oct. 10, '65. Morris, Geo., e. Feb. 13, '65, 3d Cav., Co. E, Oct. 10, '65. Larish, David, e. '61, in Sappers and Miners, kid. in ba^Je. Moody. Albert, e. '61, in Sappers and Miners, m. o. at close of war. Ramige, W., e. Aug. 15, '62, S5th Inf., Co. K, m. o. June 5, '65. Speicht, M., e. Aug. 15, '62, S5th Inf., Co. K, died Oct. 30. '62. Eaton, F. L., e. Aug. 11. 02, SOth Inf., d. as hos. steward. Chauncey, W. W., e. July IS, '02, 86th Inf., Co. H, d. Dec. 28, '62, dis. Howland, C. A., e. Oct. 13, '64, 92d Inf., Co. K, recruit, oloan, J. L., e. Aug. 1, '62, 94th Inf., Co. F, m. o. July 17, '65. uathar, Wm., e. Mar. 3, '65, 97th Inf., m. o. July 29, '65. Hand, Wm. B., e. July 26, '62, 99th Inf., Co. A, m. o. July 31, '65. Hand, Willis, e. July 26, '62, 99th Inf., Co. A, m. c. July 31, '65. Fitzpatrick, John, e. Mar. 9, '65, 103d Inf., Co. E, m. o. July 23, '65. VanMeter, J. B., e. July 22, '62, 106th Inf., Co. C, m. o. July 12, '65. VanMeter, S. G., e. July 2, '62, 106th Inf., Co. C, m. o. July 12, '65. Smith, Jas., e. Jan. 23, '64, unassigned re- cruit, 103d Inf. Holmes, Sam'], e. Sept. 22, '64, 113th Inf., Co. D, e. recruit, m. o. Aug. 3, '65. Nale, Wm., e. Sept. 22, '64, 113th Inf., Co. D, recruit, m. o. Aug. 3, '65. O'Coner, Peter, e. Sept. 22, '64, 113th Inf., Co. D, m. o. Aug. 3, '65. Thompson, J. W., e: Sept. 22, '64, 113th Inf., Co. D, m. o. Aug. 3, '65. Carter, Wm. e. Oct. 6, '64, 115th Inf., Co. K, died Camp Butler, Jan. 8, '65. Lee, Chas. K., e. Sept, 27, '64, 116th Inf., re- cruit, Co. C, m. o. Jan. 7, '65. Hamilton, Paschal, e. Oct. 11, '64, 116th Inf., Co. E, recruit. Smith, J. K. T., e. Sept. 20, '62, 116th Inf., Co. F, m. o. June 7, '65. Harbison, S. J., e. Aug. 12, '61, v., 2d Cav., Co. B., accidentally kid. Oct. 10, '65. Collison, Madison, e. Oct. 1, '64, 2d Cav., Co. B, d. June 21, '65. Jones, Wm., e. Oct. 1, '64, 2d Cav., Co. D, June 12, '65. VanMeter, Newton, e. Feb. 20, '61, v., 2d Cav., Co. D, m. o. Nov. 12, '65. Kemp, Abraham, e. Mar. 25, '64, 2d Cav., Co. K, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Hodges, Wm. J., e. Feb. 28, '65, Co. H, 14th Regt. Hammond, J., e. Feb. 28, '65, Co. K., 14th Regt. Wells, Marcus P., e. May 24, '61, in Co. K, 16th Inf., died May 26, '62. Hodgson, Hugh D., e. Dec. 14, '63. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 801 Cadwell, W„ e. June 17, '61, in Co. P, 19th Inf. Ketz, Fred, e. Mar. 8, '65, in Co. A, 20th Inf., m. o. July 22, '65. Scholotour, John, e. Mar. 8, '65, in Co. A, 20th Inf., m. o. July 16, '65. Miller, Win. H., e. June 13, '61, in Co. E, 20th Inf., died. Kelly, Thos., e. Jan. 23, '65, in Co. F, 20th Inf. Kelly, Jas., e. Jan. 23, '65, never reported. Dougherty, Jas., e. Jan. 16, '65. Rotze, Fred, e. Mar. 8, '65. Mynum, Isaac, e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. Aug. 4, '65. Bond, C. C, e. Feb. 28, '65, m. o. Nov. 6, '65. Brown, Jackson, e. Aug. 20, '61, v., in Co. G, 33d Inf. Davis, Jonathan, e. Oct. 7, '64, in Co. H., 33d Inf. Oliver, R., e. Feb. 15, '65, in Co. I, drowned. Ragan, H. W., e. Oct. 7, '64, in Co. I, m. o. Oct. 6, '65. Carr, Mark, e. Sept. 7, '61, v., in Co. I. 34tu Inf., missing in action. Sullivan, C, e. Dec. 30, '63, in Co. I, 34th Inf., m. o. July 12, '65. Muller, J. B., e. Aug. 30, '61, in Co. G, 39th Ini'., d. July 4, '63, dis. Neef, Fred, e. Aug. 30, '61, in Co. G, 39th Inf. Heintz, P. H., e. Aug. 30, '61, v., in Co. G, 39th Inf. Kuchuke, M., e. Sept. 1, '61, in Co. G, 43d Inf. Leatherwood, Alex., e. Apr. 5, '65, in Co. K, 43d Inf., died May 9, '6o. Spradley, A. J., e. Apr. 5, '65, in Co. K, 43d Inf., m. o. May 11, '65. Roberts, Newman, e. Oct. 1, '64 in Co. E, 120th Inf.. died May 2, '65. Bloomshine, Fred, Dec. 8, '63. McCofferty, Jas., e. Oct. 10, '64. Anderson, Wm., e. Feb. 22, '65, in Co. B, 126th Inf., m. o. July 12, '65. Henderson, Wm., e. Apr. 5, '65, in Co. E, 126th Inf., m. o. July 12, '65. Mueller, A. H., e. Apr. 5, '65, in Co. E, 126th Inf., m. o July 12, '65. Penninger, Washington, e. Mar. 21, '65. James, John T., e. May 20, '64, in Co. G, 134th Inf., Oct. 25, '64. Robison, Geo. F., e. May 20, '64, in Co. G, 134th Inf., m. o. Oct. 25, '64. Willard, Erastus H., e. June 21, '64, in Co. E, 38th Inf., as first lieut. Zanies, Sam'l A., e. Mar. 16, '64, in Co. I, 142d Inf., m. o. Oct. 26, '64. Armstrong, Thos., e. Nov. 15, '64, in Co. K, 144th Inf., m. o. July 14, '65. Houghton, Thos B., e. Feb. 3, '65, in Co. A, 150th Inf., m. o. Jan. 16, '66. CHAPTER XII. CRIMINAL RECORD. JOHN WOOD— JOHN OTT — J. \V. MCDOWELL — THOMAS HOUGLE — GEORGE DUNN — ENOCH WEST — WILLI AM BERRY AND OTHERS— WM. ASHEY — WM. COSTLY — JEWEL STEVENS — S. E. WILLARD — GEORGE CLINTON — ANNA E. WORI.EY — THE HUDl.OW S — LITTLE MINE RIOT — ALBERT WALLACE — GEO. W. SMITH — JAMES W. SMITH— JAMES LANE — SAMUEL MOSER — CALA- MITOUS EVENTS. John Wood. — At the April term of the Cir- cuit Court, 1844, the first indictment for mur- der in this county was found against John Wood, for the murder of his own child by throwing it up against the ceiling. He was tried, found guilty, and sent to the penitentiary for four years. John Ott. — George W. Orendorf, with his family consisting of his wife and two little girls, Emma, aged nine, and Ada, seven years old, lived about four miles southeast of Dala- van. He left home on Friday morning, Octo- ber 12, 1860, and, on his return in the even- ing, he found the lifeless body of his wife on the floor and by her side was the eldest daugh- ter, and near by the younger one in the agonies of death. An old rusty axe, stained with human blood, was found upon the floor near them, and was evidently the weapon with which the murder had been committed. The bodies were found in the front room of the house with the front door closed. The Board of Supervisors offered a reward of $2,000 for the capture of the murderer, and diligent search resulted in the arrest of John Ott, on whose trail searchers had been. He was concealed in a shock of corn near Lincoln, and brought back to Delavan. So intense was the feeling among the infuriated people that threats of lynching were heard on every hand, but through the influence of Mr. Orendorf, SOS II I, STORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. who urgently solicited his neighbors to let the law take its course, Ott was handed over to the civil authorities, and on February 6, 1861, he pleaded guilty to the murder of Mrs. Oren- dorf and her children, and was sentenced to be hung Friday, March 1, 1861. The law at that time required all executions to be private, and a scaffold was erected on the east side of the old jail and enclosed with a wooden struc- ture. Rumors soon reached the Sheriff that an attempt would be made to demolish the structure, and, on Wednesday preceding the execution, a request was sent to Captain Miles of Washington to bring his military company to Pekin, and on Thursday evening the men arrived and were quartered at the American House to await further orders. The demeanor of the people was still threatening, and three military companies from Peoria, The National Blues, Emmett Guards and German Rifles, ac- companied by the Adjutant-General, reached Pekin about three o'clock Friday morning and were stationed in the court room to await orders. Notwithstanding these precautions, between 5 and 6 o'clock Friday morning the entire building surrounding the scaffold was leveled to the ground, and by 10 o'clock at least 5,0'JO people were in the city to witness the execu- tion. Accompanied by the Revs. Sawyer, Ry- bolt and Windsor, the prisoner was led to the scaffold at the appointed time. He declared that he alone was guilty of the crime for which he was about to die, and that Green, his cousin, who had been arrested with him, was innocent. Ott was born near Dayton, Ohio, November 6, 1839, and was not 21 years of age when he committed this crime. He was possessed with a maddening passion for money and began to steal in his early youth, and one crime led to anothei until his mad desire for gain culmi- nated in the murder of the Orendorf family. Enoch Green, who was indicted with Ott, for participation in the Orendorf murder, was dis- charged at the June term of court, 18C1. Joseph W. McDowell. — Joseph W. McDowell, indicted for the murder of A. J. Finley, was arraigned before the Circuit Court, Thursday, February 7, 1861. Both sides were repre- sented by able counsel. For the prosecution appeared State's Attorney Fullerton and Mr. Grove, assisted by C. A. Roberts and J. M. Hanna, while the defendant was represented by Messrs. Puterbaugh and James Roberts, of Pekin, and Julius Manning of Peoria. The jury returned into court, Sunday morning, with the verdict of "Guilty." A new trial was granted, and in June, 1861 a change of venue to McLean county was taken and the prisoner tried and sentenced to one year in the peniten- tiary. He never entered within the walls of that prison, however, as he was met at the doorway with a pardon. During all the years since that unfortunate occurrence, McDowell has lived in this county a respected citizen until recently, when he removed to California and is there at the present time. His brother, Edward McDowell, was indict- ed at the February term of the Circuit Court charged with complicity in the killing of Fin- ley. He was arraigned before the court, Feb- ruary 13. 1861, but took a change of venue to Mason county, and at the March term of the court in that county he was tried and ac- quitted. Thomas Hougle. — Abner H. Underhill, resid- ing about two miles east of Delavan, was shot and killed by Thomas Hougle, on Sunday even- ing, May 24, 1863. Hougle had made his home with Underhill for sometime, and a quarrel en- sued between them concerning a woman which led to the murder. Hougle's arrest and con- viction followed shortly after, and at the June term he was sentenced by Judge Harriott to be hung, July 9, 1863. Two days before the date of the execution the death sentence was commuted by Governor Yates to life impris- onment m the penitentiary, to which place he was taken on July 9th. George Dunn. — The body of David Townsend was found on the farm of Benj. O'Brien, near Groveland, Thursday, February 9. 1865. From a post-mortem examination made by Dr. F. Shurtleff, the jury came to the conclusion that Townsend's death was caused by a pistol shot in the back part of the head, and that he must have been killed on or about the 26th of De- cember. The body was concealed under some logs and remained undiscovered until Febru- ary. The deceased and another man named George Dunn had been chopping wood for Mr. O'Brien. Dunn very suddenly, and, in a pecu- liar manner, left the. neighborhood and sus- HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COL'XTY 803 picion very strongly pointed to him as the murderer, but he was never found. Unknown man. — The body of a man suppos- ed to be that of George Jackson, was found in the Illinois River near Pekin, on Thursday, October 19, 15,65. The head had been severed from the body, which bore marks of five or six deadly wounds, and had been kept from float- ing by a quantity of iron fastened about it. George Jackson, a well known resident of the county, had been mysteriously absent for some time, and the corpse was thought to be his. The Mayor of Pekin offered a reward of $500 for the apprehension of the murderer. In 1866, nothing having been heard from Jackson in the meantime, his wife went to England, and upon arrival in Liverpool, was surprised to meet her husband supposed to have been murdered. The identity of the murdered man, or who com- mitted the deed, has never been established. Thomas A. Williamson was arrested Mon- day, August 27, 1866, for the murder of Charles Koch, of Delavan township. Koch was last seen in the neighborhood about July 18th, but his body was not found until Saturday August 25th, when it was found in the cornfield near his house. The fact that Williamson was living with Koch at the time, and the contra- dictory stories he told concerning the missing man excited suspicion, and led to an inquiry among the people of the neighborhood. Wil- liamson left and suspicion became stronger than ever. A search was made, and Koch's body found. The murdered man was a German and had no relatives in this country, At the February term of the Circuit Court Williamson was tried and found guilty of mur- der. Judge Harriott sentenced him to be hung Friday, March 22, 1867. Just previous to the day of execution, however, a postponement was obtained until June 21st. This fact was not known to the Sheriff until Thursday night. On the 15th of June, Governor Oglesby commuted the sentence to twenty-one years in the peni- tentiary. He was discharged from prison about April 1, 1879, and went to Kansas, where he has since died. Enoch West.— June 9, 1868, a man by the name of West was arrested in Fulton county, charged with the killing of Henry Winning- haum. 4t the September term of the Circuit Court he was convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for 19 years and 6 months. A new trial was granted and, at the February term, 1869, he was again found guilty and sentenced to 20 years in the penitentiary. William Berry and Others — On Friday night, July 30, 1869, Deputy Sheriff Henry Pratt, Jailor George Hinman, assisted by City Mar- shal Kessler and Constable W. F. Copes, armed with the necessary legal papers for the arrest of Ike Berry and other parties, went to Circle- ville to serve the warrants, when Pratt was shot and killed by Berry. Hinman was wound- ed and Copes narrowly escaped. When Pratt's body was brought to Pekin Saturday morning, the excitement was intense. The gang was pursued by armed men and be- fore night five of them were lodged in jail. William Berry had no personal knowledge of the murder and came to Pekin early Saturday morning as usual. It was charged that he was the leader of the band, and he was arrested, it seems, on general principles. The other members of the gang were Emanuel Berry, *ke Berry, Mathew McFarland, C. Daily and Robert Britton. Ike Berry was captured some weeks later at Bath, Mason County, by M. M. Bassett. William Berry had killed a young man by the name of Peppers, in Delavan, some time prior to this event, but had been duly tried therefor and acquitted upon the ground of self- defense. Peppers had many friends in Dela- van, however, who thought the verdict unjust, and who now felt that the time had come to avenge his killing. Deputy Sheriff Pratt had many friends in the vicinity of Tremont where he had been raised, and rumors came to the ears of the authorities to the effect that the friends of Peppers from Delavan, those of Pratt from Tremont and other points in the vicinity, would make an attempt to hang Bill Berry that night. These rumors increased until it was deemed advisable to swear in a force of extra deputfes, and arm them for the protection of the jail and the prisoners confined therein. On the evening of Saturday the streets of Pekin and the vicinity about the jail presented no unusual appearance, and many persons who had been expecting trouble had gone to their homes, thinking that nothing unusual would occur. About eleven o'clock three men were 804 IIISTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. seen to come from the restaurant under the saloon kept in what was known as the "Senate'' in a brick building immediately west of the Court House. They came up the north side of the square and stopped on the steps immediately in front of the jail door. One of the men clapped his hands a few times, and in a few moments two or three hundred men were surrounding the jail. Where they came from nobody seemed to know. They sprang out from the alleys and shadows of the buildings as if by magic. The special deputies, who had been sworn in to defend the jail, disappeared like rats in a hole. Nothing further was seen or heard from them. The mob demanded the keys to the jail from Sheriff Ed. Pratt, brother of the murdered man, who, from the upper window, had ordered them to disperse and let the law take its course, and further told them that the keys were not in his possession. All reasoning and commands upon the part of the Sheriff were unavailable, and the mob proceeded to batter down the doors of the cell in which Berry was confined. This work consumed about three hours, when finally the last door gave way. It seems that during the day, Berry, who was a powerfully built man, and of undoubted courage, had obtained possession of a pocket knife, and just before the last door, which was of skele- ton make, was knocked from its hinges, had reached through with his knife and severely stabbed one of the men who was holding a lantern. This man dropped the lantern, which went out just as the door fell, and Berry, with his knife, sprang into the crowd, cutting and slashing right and left. Finding that he could not be subdued by ordinary means, he was shot three different times by one of the leaders of the mob, and after being virtually dead, was hung to a tree which stood in the north- east corner of the court yard. Just at the break of day, Deputy Al. Stone drove in along South Fourth Street with the man Britton, alias "The Peddler," whom he had arrested in San Jose, Mason County. Passing by where Berry was hanging, the terrible deed of the mob at once revealed itself to both Stone and his prisoner. They drove hurriedly to Haight & Miller's livery stable, which then stood right across the alley from the Farmers' National Bank building. Fearing for the safety of the man. Stone left him under guard, came up to the jail building, and exacted a promise from the mob that they would not molest Britton if he should bring him to jail. Re- turning he brought his man up and, at the request of the crowd, stood him on the steps so they might see him. Some one, in order to give him a fright, threw a rope over his head, and the crowd shouted "Hang him." The mob was satisfied, however, with the bloody work of the night, and Britton was not further molested, and when taken to a cell-door of the jail he went in like a snot. The history of this county does not show another case of such extreme anxiety to get into jail. The remaining members of the gang were tried at Jacksonville, Morgan County, where the case was taken on change of venue. The jury found a verdict of guilty. Ike Berry was sentenced to the penitentiary for life; Robt. Britton for twenty years; Emanuel Berry, fifteen jears; Cornelius Daly, fifteen years; Mathew McFarland, fifteen years. Simeon Berry was found "not guilty," and has since lived in Elm Grove Township. McFarland was pardoned about 1S76, and was shortly after- wards killed somewhere in the West. Daily was pardoned about the same time. Ike Berry remained in the penitentiary for about seven- teen years, when he was pardoned. Abhorrent as mob-law is to all good citizens, the hanging of William Berry for a crime of which he had no knowledge, is especially deplored and con- demned. William Ashby. — Saturday, August 13, 1870, the body of Alfred Carl, a lad of ten years of age, was found concealed in the bush near the upper end of Pekin Lake. About noon the previous day he was sent out by his step- father, William Ashby, a mulatto, after his horse. Not returning, Ashby went after him and returned without finding him. The neigh- bors became suspicious and went in search of the lad, and found the body, which to them showed evidences that he had been murdered. The skull was crushed. Ashby was indicted for the murder, tried and acquitted. William Costly. — William Costly, alias Nig- ger Bill, was indicted for the murder of Pat- rick Boyle, at Pekin, tried and acquitted. Jehiel Stevens was indicted September 13, 1870, for the murder of a man by the name of HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUXTY. 805 Crawl, at Pekin. Crawl was waylaid one night near the Wide-awake Engine House on Court street, and pounded to death, for which crime Stevens was arrested. A change of venue was taken and he was tried at Lincoln and ac- quitted. Samuel E. Wi I lard.— Samuel E. Willard and Charles Ziegenbien were farmers living on ad- joining farms on Section 10, Spring Lake Township, and on Tuesday morning, June 8, 1875. Ziegenbien was shot and killed by Wil- lard. Willard gave himself up to the authori- ties of Pekin and was imprisoned on the charge of murder. The trial came off at the Novem- ber Term, 1875. It seems that there had been difficulty between the two men for a period of two years or more. The immediate trouble which led to the murder arose from the tres- pass of Ziegenbien's stock on Willard's premises the Sunday before the shooting took place. On Monday of this week the two men met and quarreled in Manito. The morning of the shooting Ziegenbien started his cows down the road and, as they passed Willard's nouse, the hired men set the dogs on them, Ziegenbien followed down the road, went inside the barnyard and was engaged in a wrangle with the hired men for dogging his cows. Wil- lard came on the scene and when he wanted to know what Ziegenbien wanted, was told that it was none of his damn business. Willard ordered Ziegenbien off his premises, went after his gun and came back to the front gate. He stopped Ziegenbien, who was then going towards his house, and told him he had abused his family, trespassed upon his prem- ises and interfered with his rights as a citizen, and followed Ziegenbien on the in- side of the fence for some little distance, wuen he finally climbed over into the road. Ziegenbien told him that he was a coward to bring out his gun. Willard laid down his gun and offered to fight Ziengenbien, which the latter would not do. Willard then picked up his gun, when Ziegenbien seized the barrel. Willard then fired twice, the first shot strik- ing Ziegenbien just below the ribs, causing instant death; the second shot did not hit him. Ziegenbien was accustomed to carry a revolver, as he was a constable, and had one in his possession at that time. At the trial which took place in November, intense interest was manifested, as both men were well known. The jury found Willard guilty and sentenced him to the penitentiary for fourteen years. He was discharged some years before the expiration of the time for which he was sentenced, and lias lived an honorable life ever since, at his old home at Spring Lake. George Clinton. — William Thorpe was shot and killed at Mackinaw, Friday, June 28, 1876, by George Clinton, a police officer. It seems that he was trying to quell some noisy disturb- ance by a party of men who had been drinking; he threatened to arrest the whole party, and being jeered at, fired into the crowd and killed Thorpe. In the preliminary examination it was found that the shooting was justifiable and he was released. No action was ever taken in the matter by the grand jury. Mrs. Anna E. Weyrich. — On June 20, 1877, Peter Weyrich, an old resident of Sand Prairie, died very suddenly and foul play was sus- pected. A chemical examination of the stomach made in Chicago, revealed the presence of poi- son and his wife was arrested for the murder, and on change of venue was tried in Logan County in March, 1878. The trial was a lengthy one, and the prisoner was found guilty and sentenced to tourteen years in the peni- tentiary. An appeal was taken to the Supreme Court which tribunal reversed the decision and remanded the case for a new trial, which took place in July, 1878, and resulted in her ac- quittal. Jacob and David Hudlow. — These men were arrested on Wednesday, April 17, 1878, at the instigation of Christian Ropp, of Elm Grove Township, and charged with the murder of Rudolph Meyers. The deceased was a resident of Sand Prairie Township and left Pekin for his home on the night of December 22, 1877. About 10 o'clock he returned to the city and told of the assault upon him about half a mile from town, that he was robbed of what money he had and his watch, and was brutally beaten by three men after his property was taken. Physicians were called and it was discovered that he was seriously injured internally. His death occurred at 1 o'clock P. M., the next day, Sunday. At the time of the arrest of the Hudlows they were engaged in clearing timber in Spring Lake six; HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Township. They were tried at the May term of the Circuit Court 1878, found guilty of man- slaughter, and sentenced to the penitentiary for fourteen years. LITTLE MINE RIOT. On Wednesday, June 6, 1894, occurred the most serious riot ever known in Tazewell County. Peter and Edward Little, brothers, had been coal-mine operators in Peoria County, but had •leased what was then known as the Hilliard Mine near Wesley City. They had placed im- proved machinery in the works, to which ob- jection was made by the miners, as many of them were thereby thrown out of work. The miners in Peoria County had been on a strike for sometime, and the lact that coal was being taken daily from the Hilliard Mine seemed to be a source of aggravation. The result was that threats by the strikers to close their mine came to the ears of the Littles, and they pre- pared for trouble by storing guns and ammuni- tion in the tower which overlooked the valley below. On June 15th, Sheriff J. C. Priederich re- ceived the following telegiam from Ed. Little: "The miners are coming tomorrow, five hundred strong, and armed. Be on hand early." Sheriff Friederich and Deputy Frings swore in about thirty deputies. They could secure no weapons worthy of mention, and, consequently, went up unarmed. In the meantime about three hundred miners assembled on the opposite side of the river, and nearly all armed with guns, pistols and other deadly weapons. They crossed the river in boats, and under the leadership of John L. Geher, an ex-member of the Legislature, marched to the mine. The sight of the mine in operation seemed to enrage them beyond con- trol, and they started on a run for the works. They were met by the Sheriff, who asked them to abstain from violence, and commanded them to disperse. They brushed the sheriff and his deputies aside, and began firing in the tower. The assault was replied to by the Littles, striking a miner by the name of Edward Flow- er, who fell dead. In the tower were the Little brothers, William Dickson, colored, Charles Rockey and John Fash. Seeing that resistance was useless, they ran out a flag of truce. Both the Littles and James Little, a son, were wounded. Dickson attempted to escape but was followed and shot several times, was taken to a Peoria hospital and died there. The min- ers completed the- work of destruction by pour- ing coal oil down the shaft and setting fire to it. Some eleven men were working in the mine at the time, but all succeeded in making their escape. Responsibility for this outbreak was claimed by the miners to rest on the Littles. Their ver- sion of the affair was that they had made re- peated attempts to settle with the Littles peaceably, but had given it up; that one of the Littles had said he could control the whole gang with a six-shooter, and they were deter- mined to show him that he couldn't. The Lit- tles claimed that they had a right to run their business with machinery, if they wanted to do so, without any interference on the part of any- body. This outbreak created intense excitement in Pekin, and throughout the county. The Sheri*f reported the facts to the Governor and asked for arms and requested the Sheriff of Peoria county to assist him in making arrests of those who had lived in, or had fled to, that county. No arms were available. On June 7th Major Cabinas and a company of State Militia from Galesburg, and one from Bloomington and Lin- coln, arrived on the scene with orders to report to Sheriff Friederich. A company of guards was organized composed of citizens of Pekin for the protection of the town, as threats had been made by the striking miners to release those of their number who had been arrested and placed in jail. The militia companies re- mained on duty for about a week, and were then ordered home. By order of the Board of Supervisors a hundred Remington rifles were purchased for use in such emergencies, and have since remained the property of the county, in charge of the Sheriff. The miners were advised by an attorney in their employ not to attempt to rescue those who were in the jail, and the excitement soon died away. At the September term of Court, 1894, John L. Geher and Daniel Cadd'ell, John Heathcote, and one Jones, alleged to have been the lead- ers of the raid, were tried on an indictment for murder and conspiracy, and were sen- tenced to five years' imprisonment in the pen- itentiary at Joliet, but were pardoned by Gov. H1ST011Y OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 807 Altgeld after an imprisonment of something more than a year. The Littles afterwards filed a claim for dam- age to their property and business with the Board of Supervisors, and were awarded dam- ages to the amount of $7,710.69, which, includ- ing the expenses of the trial, and attorney's fee in the case, the purchase of the 100 Winchesters, making the total expense to the county of this riot between $25,000 and $30,000. Albert Wallace. — On February 19, 1S95, Al- bert Wallace, who lived with his brother-in- law, John C. Bowlby, on the old Andrew Wal- lace homestead in Dillon Township, fatally shot his sister, Mrs. Belle Bowlby, and seriously wounded his brother-in-law and Lawrence Lyman, the hired man. There had been some talk of contesting the will of their father, Andrew Wallace, who was killed oy James Connell in self-defense in April, 1890, and who had bequeathed his es- tate to Lis daughter, Mrs. Bowlby. This fact had led to Dickering between Mr. and Mrs. Bowlby and Albert Wallace, who made frequent demands for money, and when refused, is said to have made threats against Mr. and Mrs. Bowlby. On the night of the tragedy the family had gathered in the sitting room after supper. Mr. Bowlby was lying on the lounge and his wife and Lyman were sitting near. A young woman living with them was playing the piano and Wallace was singing. About 9 o'clock Wallace stepped cut of doors and was heard to walk around the house; the next moment a gun was discharged through the window. Bowlby, whose hand was on his forehead, had several fingers biown off and a number of shot entered his head. Mrs. Bowlby sprang and opened the door, when she was shot in the stomach. Lyman was shot twice in the leg, and was badly burned in the face by the powder. After the shooting Wallace took a neighbor's horse, came to Pekin and surrendered to Sheriff Stout, and when asked to state what the matter was, replied: "You will find out later." On the next day he was bound over to the grand jury in the sum of $1,500, in de- fault of which he was sent to jail. Mrs. Bowlby died on February 21st, two days after the shoot- ing. The hired man, Lyman, eventually recov- ered with the loss of one eye, and Mr. Bowlby also got well. Wallace, the murderer, was indicted at the following term of court. His trial took place in September the same year. He was found guilty ana sentenced to hang on October 28, 1895. The counsel for the defendant appealed the case to the Supreme Court, insisting that the defendant had not been legally sentenced. The contention of the counsel for the defense was sustained, and the case was reversed and remanded for proper sentence; and, at the fol- lowing February term, the sentence of death was ordered carried out on the 14th day of March. On that day a stockade was erected in the Court House yard adjoining the jail build- ing on the west, where the execution took place. Wallace went to his death without a tremor, and paid the full penalty of the law for one of the most revolting crimes known in the criminal history of Tazewell county. George W. Smith. — July 1, 1895, Louis Perrill was shot and killed by his father-in-law, George W. Smith. Perrill lived on a farm ad- joining that of Smith, in Dillon township. The men had been at enmity for some time over various matters. On the day of the tragedy Perrill was returning from Dillon, and Smith, concealed in a wood shed, was lying in wait for him. As Perrill came within range, Smith fired from his place ot concealment and Perrill dropped dead in the road. Smith shot him the second time as he lay in the road, where the coroner found him when the inquest was called. Smith went to Delavan and gave himself up. He claimed that Perrill had frequently threat- ened him -and, at the time of the tragedy, he claimed that before he fired, Perrill made a movement as if he intended to draw a pistol, Perrill, however, was known to be a peaceable fellow, and not incline'd to quarrel unless when under the influence of liquor. There was no evidence to show that he was drinking that day. Smith and his wife, Susan, were duly indicted for murder, and at the first trial of the case, at the February term of court, 1896, Smith was found guilty and punishment fixed at death by the jury. His wife was acquitted. A new trial was granted, however, and one year from the first conviction, at the second trial of the case, Smith was acquitted. James Lane. — On the 10th day of March, SOS HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 1896, James Lane shot and killed Samuel Bee- be, at the home of the former in the City of Pekin. They had been down in the city drink- ing together and got into a quarrel on the road home, when Beebe assaulted Lane. The quar- rel continued until they reached Lane's home. They all went in the house together, Lane, Beebe and Lane's wife. What occurred therein no one exactly knows, excepting Lane and his wife. It was claimed that Beebe again as- saulted Lane, and that Lane shot him in self- defense. Lane was duly indicted and tried upon the charge of murder, but the jury disagreed, standing eleven for acquittal and one for con- viction. Lane was afterwards released on bonds, some of the most prominent citizens of Pekin going his surety. The case was then continued from time to time, and finally non- prossed bj the State's Attorney. Samuel Moser. — In January, 1900, Samuel Moser, son of Benedict Moser, of Morton, moved from the vicinity of Goodfield, Woodford county, to a farm one and a half miles north- east of Tremont. He had been married to Hannah Holuley about nine years, and to them had been born tnree children. On Tuesday morning, May 15th, 1900, his brother, Noah Moser, went to Sam Moser's home, and, upon opening the door, discovered the lifeless bodies of the three little boys lying in the front room, and the body of Mrs. Moser in the cellar with a bullet-hole in her right temple; all indications going to show that she died instantaneously and without a struggle. There had been dfflculty between Moser and his. wife with reference to her church affilia- tions. Moser himself had been expelled from the Ornish church at Gridley, Illinois, about two years before, for an alleged infraction of the rules of that denomination. After moving to the vicinity of Tremont, he had been invited to come back in the church at Morton, but he always replied that the church people had not treated him right and that he would never join them again. Later developments in the case wenf to show that he had become mor- bidly morose on this matter of alleged church interference, and concluded in his own mind that the shortest way out of the difficulty was to kill his family. Upon the discovery of the crime a coroner's jury consisting of R. E. Rollins, foreman; N. L. Cottingham, Frank Davis, Earnest Abbott, T. H. Harris, and John Hurley was impannelled. The first positive indication that Moser had murdered his family was found in the follow- ing note picked up under the kitchen stove in the house: "Tremont, III., May 13, 1900. — Inform post- master by w'ire that my woman and three boys can be found dead in my house. Sam Mo." It was further learned that a man answering Moser's description took the Big-Four train at Tremont, Sunday evening, May 13, at 8:12, and that he stopped off at the junction at Blooming- ton. A letter mailed at Tremont, the same evening and addressed to the postmaster at New York City, was as follows: "Wire the postmaster at Morton, 111., that they will find my wife and three children in the house dead and in eternity, and I am on the road to meet them. Sam Moser." Sheriff John D. Mount rightly divined that Moser had fled to Utah, and in pursuance of this conviction, flooded the state with circulars containng a descripton of the murderer and his crime, and included the offer of $200 reward, of- fered for his arrest by the Board of Supervisors. At 12:30 o'clock, Saturday, May 19th, the fol- lowing telegram was received at Morton, Illi- nois: "Salt Lake City, Utah, May 19, 1900.— City Marshal, Morton, 111.: I have arrested Sam Moser, who killed his wife and children, and he has confessed to crime. Advise me w-hat to do with him. Thomas H. Helton, Chief of Po- lice." Upon receipt of this information, Sheriff Mount started for Springfield and secured requisition papers for the extradition of Moser, and started for Salt Lake City. Upon his ar- rival there Moser admitted his identity and made the following statement regarding his crime: "This trouble is all due to the Ornish com- munity I formerly lived with, of which I and my wife was also a member. I grew away from their beliefs, but they kept control of my wife, and the church people came between us continually. My children noticed the trouble, and this made me very unhappy. There was no chance of my improvement and I be- came desperate. On Sunday, May 13th, my II1ST0UV OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. SO!) wife went to church, taking the children, while I remained at home. They returned between 4 and 5 o'clock, and my wife started to get sup- per. She went down cellar for something. I followed and shot her through the head. The boys were in the yard. I called one of them into the bed-room and shot him. Then I sent the other for a bucket of water and as he returned to the pantry I shot him twice. Then I went to the bed-room and killed the baby. It was necessary to shoot it three times. When all was done, I threw some carpet over my wife and some dresses over the children, shut up the house and walked to Tremont. There I took the train to Bloomington, paying fare on train. At Bloomington I bought a ticket to Kansas City and then came on here. I fully intended to kill myself from the time I left home, and regret that I did not succeed Saturday. I am not sorry I killed my wife and children. They are at rest." Moser had attempted to take his life on Sat- urday before his arrest, but succeeded only in wounding himself slightly in the head. It is but fair, in connection with Moser's case, .to state the position of the Ornish Church with reference to excommunicants. A former member of that church makes the following statement: "The Mennonites have a liberal representa- tion in this state, with McLean, Tazewell, Woodford and Livingston exceeding in popu- lation of the sect. It is a religion which was founded in 1525, with views of same originating in Switzerland, and receiving its recognized name in the Netherlands. The Mennonites are Evangelical Christians, who with respect to discipline, baptism, oath and military service, agreed to isolate themselves from other sects and follow in the doctrinal footsteps, as it were, of Menno Simons. They banished from their worship all features not found in the aposto- lical church; they rejected paid clergy, tithes, the holding of civil offices, use of the sword and arms and oaths. One of their creeds was as follows: " 'We believe and confess that if anyone has so far fallen off, either by a wicked life or per- verted doctrine, that he is separated from God, and consequently justly separated from, and corrected and punished by "the church, such per- son must be shunned, according to Christ and the Apostles, and avoided without partiality by all members of his church, especially by those to whom he is known, whether in eating or drinking, or similar temporal matters, and they shall have no dealngs with him, to the end that they may not be contaminated by intercourse with him, nor be made partners of his sin, but that the sinner may be made ashamed, cor- rected and again led to repentance.' " During the trial of the case Moser received no assistance from his father or any members of the famly. From the above declaration of belief, rigidly adhered to by all Mennonites, their refusal to assist him is easily understood. In the trial of the case, which occurred at the February Term of Court, 1901, a plea of in- sanity was set up by the defendants. The evidence went to show that there had been sev- eral cases of insanity in the family, and the belief among the people was strong that Moser was ether mentally unbalanced or a degener- ate. That any sane man could commit such a crime seemed preposterous. After a long and tedious trial the jury found him guilty, and his punishment was fixed at imprisonment in the penitentiary at Joliet for a term of 23 years. CHAPTER XIII. CALAMITOUS EVENTS. STEAMBOAT EXPLOSION — TORNADO IN SPRING LAKE TOWNSHIP — RAILROAD WRECK NEAR HOPEDALE — THE I'RANKIE FOLSOM CALAMITY— TORNADO IN MA- LONE TOWNSHIP — FATAL EXPLOSION AT MORTON — EXPLOSION O.N THE BIG FOUR RAILWAY. The first calamity which happened in Taze- well County, of which we have any authentic information, occurred on April 16, 1852. The two steamers, the "Prairie State" and the "Ava- lanche'' coming from the north, landed almost simultaneously at the Pekin wharf. They were evidently racing as both were carrying a high pressure of steam. The ■■ Prairie State" pulled out of the landing ahead of her competitor, and when nearly opposite our gas works, her boilers exploded with terrific force. This happened on Sunday about the time for the beginning ot church services. The people went to the res- 810 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. cue of the injured, and the wreck of the "Prairie State" was towecl back to the wharf by the "Avalanche." Many bodies were re- covered and laid side by side under the walnut and oak trees on the bank of the river. The citizens turned their houses into temporary hos- pitals in which the injured were cared for. Mr. James Sallee was a passenger going to Texas, and is authority for the statement that the boat was crowded with passengers, many of whose bodies were never recovered. TORNADO. May 26, 1S59, a letter from Dr. C. C. Hodge- land, of Spring Lake, to the Tazewell Register, gives an account of a tornado as follows: "We had a refreshing shower during the night of the 26th, and the early morning wrapped the hills in dense fog. About 9 o'clock rain began to fall, which continued at intervals till mid-day. About 4 o'clock our attention was attracted to a very dark and heavy cloud which arose out of the southwest, and soon began to show the shape and indications of a water-spout — from the dark- cloud above the earth, spiral tubes of vapor varying and shifting in a circle, accom- panied with vivid streaks of lightning and heavy thunder in the distance. Soon the cloud advanced rapidly with a gyrating motion, ap- pearing very grand and awful, but filling our minds with apprehensions as it approached with the rapidity of the wind. Rev. Mr. Bum- stead's house is about a mile and a half from mine, and it was doubtful whether the cloud was passing east of his house or over it;, but all. doubt was dissipated in a moment more as the tornado struck his barn and smashed it in a moment, scattering the timbers and enclos- ures, and carrying them to great height in the air, whirling and tossing them as if they were feathers. A young man in the barn, hearing the roaring, ran out and was overturned at once, and rolled over and over thirty or forty yards before he could regain his feet. The farm wagon was taken next and deposited, the fore wheels with the tongue, three hundred yards further. Then a small granary was crushed like an eggshell; a two-rowed corn-planter was hurled fifty yards over the ruins of the gran- ary, deposited against a shed in the yard which next shared the fate of the granary, and the well-curb was lifted from its place and hurled against the house and broken in pieces. The kitchen was next in order, and instantly un- roofed, the shingles flying in every direction and the fragments covering the prairie for hun- dreds of yards with cloth and household furni- ture. Trees were twisted down and flower- gardens and shrubs made a desolation. The fence was broken thoioughly and then across the prairie the tornado marked its path with the rum of fences and buildings. George B. Van Nortwick's buildings were next in range. Here fences, outhouses, well-curb, boxes, barrels, stove, furniture and ciothing were at once flying in every direction. The house door was burst open, window panes and sash smashed in, and the south half of the roof torn bodily from its place and sent flying over the prairie. Mr. Hermann's fence was extensively torn up, and an outbuilding demolished, and the house mov- ed from its foundation several inches. "It was wonderful that no lives were lost. The minister's four horses were in the barn, and were covered with the ruins, but were taken out uninjured. In his house he was struck by a falling rafter, but only slightly bruised. Mr. Van Nortwick and his daughter, in trying to close the door, were thrown in violence across the room, but only bruised." HOPEDALE RAILWAY WRECK. Next to the Tremont wreck on the Big Four, that which occurred two miles west of Hope- dale, July 27, 1887, was the most disastrous accident in this county. Eight persons were killed outright, as follows: James Kelley, James S. Brown, David Waldrow, Charles Fett, Marton Dunseth, Bliney Darrah, George Greight and Frank Brake. Coroner W. T. Griffith, of Washington, was soon on the ground and em- panneled the following persons a's a jury to in- vestigate the disaster: N. F. Smith, A. G. Nor- ton, Parr F. Spears, Wm. Yeazell, N. C. Alex- ander and G. Black. After a careful investiga- tion of the facts, the jury returned a verdict to the effect that death was caused "from in- juries received in a collision between train No. 74 and a construction train on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, on July 27, 1887, about two miles west of Hopedale, near what is known as the Orendorff Bridge, said collision resulting from HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 811 said Chicago & Alton Railroad Company retain- ing in their employ an incompetent section fore- man on Hopedale section, and the failure of the roadmaster of said company to use the necessary precaution in moving said construc- tion train." THE FRANKIE FOLSOM CALAMITY. July 12, 1892, the steamer "Frankie Fol- som," in charge of Captain Losch, with a party of Pekin people on board, left for Peoria to attend a performance of ''Pompeii." The play was over about 10:15 P. M., when the people immediately left for the boat, as a severe storm was coming up. The boat had gotten under way and had proceeded about five blocks down the river, opposite the pottery works in Peoria, when, without any warning, a tremendous wind-storm struck it broadside. The craft capsized and began filling rapidly. "When the storm came up a party of the people rush- ed into the cabin and many of those were unable to escape. Those on the outside clung to the hull until assistance came. The wind, for a few minutes, blew a terrific gale and made a complete wreck of the boat. The steamer "Longfellow," which was a short dis- tance from the ill-fated boat, sounded the dis- tress whistle and soon the bank was lined with rescuers. Skiffs were immediately secured and the work of rescuing the passengers from their perilous positions was begun. The women and children were placed in the skiffs and taken to the shore, and from there to residences near by and taken care of. The work of rescuing those who were imprisoned in the cabin was very dangerous, but the rescuers labored untiringly to save all within their power. For nearly three hours boats went to and from the wreck with people who had been taken therefrom, some in an unconscious condition and terribly -bruised about the body where they had been struck by pieces of wreckage. After every living person on board had been taken ashore, the rescuers commenced the work of recovering the bodies of the dead. In a short time seven lifeless forms were taken ashore and conveyed to the morgue, and short- ly another was found. A party of men con- tinued dragging the river for others reported lost. The list of those whose bodies were recov- ered were: Mrs. Freu Fisher, Miss Cora Fisher, Miss Mary Flath Mrs. Wm. Wiles, Mrs. Henry Duisdieker, John Ahrends, all of Pekin; Miss Lottie Shade, of Shelbyville; Rev. J. A. Mc- Meen, of Benson; Miss Heberer, of Streator. The bodies of Mrs. Beebe and Miss Reutler, also of Pekin, were found later. The injured were: Mrs. Jacob Rapp, consid- erably bruised; Miss Poeble, two fingers lacer- ated and face cut; John Shade, injured about the back; Ben Blizzaru, severe cut on arm; Henry Zuckweler, hurt about the shoulders and chest. All on board were more or less injured and suffered from the shock and exposure in the water. The Rev. J. A. McMeen, of Benson, and Miss Heberer, it was said, were not on board the boat and it was thought that they were skiff- riding when the storm came up, and that their boat was capsized and their bodies floated down to the wrecked steamer. The remains of Miss Shade were sent direct to her home in Shelbyville. The remains of Mrs. Henry Duisdieker were taken to the resi- dence, and from there to the Big Four and taken to Dayton, Ohio, for burial. The re- maining unfortunate victims were buried in Pekin, with the exception of Rev. McMeen and Miss Heberer. The memory of the calamity will never be effaced from the minds of those who survived the horror. No fatality ever created more uni- versal sorrow in the City of Pekin. TORNADO IN MALONE TOWNSHIP. On Friday, July 30, 1897, at about 7 o'clock in the evening, a tornado swept over quite an area in the southeast part of Malone township, in which six people lost their lives. From the peculiar effects of this storm it seems to have been cyclonic in its character over a small area. The family of H. C. McDowell. County Super- visor from tuat township, had invited a num- ber of neighbors and friends to spend the after- noon and evening with them. While sitting on the porch, totally unaware of the approach of a dreaded cyclone, Mrs. Brownlee, living close by with three children, came rushing in with si ■> HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. horror-stricken face and breathlessly drew their attention to the approaching terror. Mrs. McDowell ran upstairs to close the windows just as the wind, with rush and roar, jerked the house from its foundation, crushing it into kindling wood, scattering the fragments for half a mile, leaving death to six of the parties and injuring three others. The dead were: H. C. McDowell, H. B. McDowell, of Peoria; Mrs. Samuel Brownlee and two children, and Miss Jessie Groves. The injured were: Mrs. H. C. McDowell, Charles, a son, and Mary, a daughter. Had Mrs. Brownlee, whose husband was absent at the time, remained at her own home nearby, she and her children would have escaped, as their dwelling was untouched. In this immediate neighborhood the force of the wind was ~ such that wheat straws were imbedded in trees. The chickens were stripped of their feathers, and hundreds of them killed. The wild element tore the eyes from five horses belonging to John McLellan, and a drove of 250 sheep were lifted bodily and dropped in adjoin- ing fiWds. The storm continued its way southward do- ing much damage to growing trees and live- stock. The cloud rose just before reaching the village of San Jose, near the south line of Malone township and seemingly had spent its course. In other parts of the county its effects were clearly visible. On the farm of John Gerdes, east of Pekin, trees 1£ inches in diameter were twisted off. In the neighborhood of Groveland and Morton, the wind and rain were accom- panied by hailstones, some of which by actual rueasurement were eight by nine inches. Many were as large as tea-cups, and but few smaller than a walnut. FATAL EXPLOSION AT MORTON. At 5 o'clock, p. m., September 5, 1897, the steam-boiler of the electric light plant at Mor- ton, blew up from some cause never ascer- tained. The building was a one and a half story brick, and was used as a feed-mill, pump- ing station for the water supply, and as a saw- mill. It was owned by Barr Bros. & Co. George Grimm, foreman, had just gone to his supper leaving a pressure of 25 pounds on the boiler, when the explosion took place. The boiler was blown through the roof, and brick, iron and debris were scattered for blocks around. Those killed were: Tillie Buyer, aged 5 years; Emma Buyer, aged It years; Albert Buyer, aged 4 years, who died next day. The injured were: Frank Buyer, aged 14 years, and Miss Cassie White, who was visit- ing friends in Morton at the time the explosion occurred. The children injured and killed be- longed to the tamily of Moses Buyer. At the time of the explosion they were playing in the back yard, and at the first intimation of oanger started for the house nearby, but were caught by the falling missiles and two of them were instantly killed. This was the most serious calamity that has ever befallen the village of Morton. TERRIBLE WRECK ON THE BIG FOUR. On the 19th day of November, 1903, three and a half miles east of Tremont and about one mile west of Minier at 2:40 p. m., occurred the most terrible disaster known in the history of railway accidents in Central Illinois, except the one which occurred at Chatsworth, August 10, 1887. A work-train left Pekin on the morning of that day and proceeded to Tremont. The crew of this train was engaged in picking up old iron along the track and replacing rails which had been worn, and such other work as the condition of the road seemed to require at the time. They left Tremont in the afternoon some time after 2 o'clock in charge of Con- ductor Hastings and Engineer Becker, pro- ceeding eastward until within about one mile of the fatal spot. They were under the im- pression that the track would be clear and had received no orders to the contrary at Tremont. The regular freight from the east in charge of Conductor John Judge and Engineer James Kegan, was late at Mackinaw and was sup- posed not to leave Mackinaw until 2:40. The work train ran short of water and the engineer could not push his train back to Tremont, and concluded that he could reach the station of Minier in time to be safely on the switch before tne regular train west could possibly reach the station. As fate would have it, the No. 95, or west-bound freight, made no stop at Mackinaw, having the "board." The evidence went to £.F.^5£^l^ HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. S13 show that they must have been out at Macki- naw about 2:39 at a fairly good rate of speed. Understanding that this train would not leave Mackinaw until 2:40, the work-train was pro- ceeding east when, without warning of any kind and in a curve, where neither train was visible to the other over 300 feet, the two en- gines came together with such powerful mo- mentum that they were simply locked to- gether, neither one leaving the track. The front cars of the work-train were loaded with heavy iron rails, upon which were sitting a number of workmen, there being thirty men, all told, on this train. The cars of No. 95 were also heavily loaded, and the shock was a most tremendous one. The wreckage was piled up in "hard-pan cut" to the height of 35 to 40 feet. Death came almost instantaneously to some twelve or fourteen of the unfortunate victims, and the remainder, making a total of sixteen, died of their injuries shortly after. Physicians were called from Pekin, Tremont and Bloom- ington, and everything was done for the un- fortunates that surgical and medical skill could accomplish. The list of the killed, with the surviving members of their families, are as fol- lows: Fred Bachman, Danvers, leaving wife and five children. John Smith, Bloomington, leaving wife. Simon O. Smith, Leroy, wife and four chil- dren. Thomas Brodway, Tremont, unmarried. Mark M. Amlong, Le Roy, McLean county, wife and one child. Solomon Meyers, Bloomington, wife and two children. Joseph Herman, Bloomington. Harvey Bennet, Lilly. Lee Beasley, Lilly. John Shaw, Mackinaw. Robert King, Tremont, wife and three chil- dren. James Nelson, Mackinaw. William Bailey, Mackinaw, unmarried. Thomas Troy, Tremont, wife and Ave chil- dren. William Eades, Tremont, wife and Ave chil- dren. Thonras Bradway, Hartsburg. Coroner Holmes was soon upon the ground and began the investigation with reference to fixing the blame for this appalling accident. A jury was empanneled by Coroner Nathan Holmes, consisting of J. M. Sawyer, J. W. Bay- lor, B. L. Greeley, Gordon Nichols, Charles Cody and J. W. Barkdoll. A number of days were consumed in taking evidence in the case, and the jury finally arriv- ed at the conclusion that the blame lay with the crew of the work-train. As a consequence, Con- ductor Hastings and Engineer Becker were placed under arrest and held to the Grand Jury to meet the first Monday in December. No attempt was made on the part of Messrs. Hast- ings and Becker to give bail, as the time was but a tew clays off until a meeting of the Grand Jury. This body of representative citizens of the county gave the matter a thorough inves- tigation, and unanimously voted to find no bill against the accused. CHAPTER XIV. TOWNSHIP HISTORY. HITTLE — LITTLE MAl-KINAW — MACKINAW — I1EER CREEK. HITTLE TOWNSHIP. (22 N., R. 2 W. 3d P. M.). George Hittle, Jonas Hittle, his son, and John W. Judy, left Ohio in the fall of 1825 and in February, 1S26, they settled in Hittle township. George Hittle was the patriarch of the new community and the grove where they settled and the township have taken his name. In the following year, William Burt and the Hainline families settled near by. William Hieronymous settled on the east fork of Sugar Creek in 1828. Jacob Albright came in 1829, Joseph Richmond in 1830. Mar- tin J. Staffer the same year, and Thos. Burt in 1833. In 1841 two eastern men, Armington and Hazelton, opened a store, and Armington Post Office took its name from the former. The wealth of Hittle township, for many years, was largely confined to the southern half of the township, which was mostly tim- 814 HLSTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. ber land. Now the northern part of Hittle township is one of the most fertile and highly cultivated sections in the county. The main stream is Sugar • Creek, which enters the township a little east of the cen- ter on the north and flows southward, leav- ing the township at a. point a little west of the center on the south. The Hittle Grove Christian Church is one of the oldest churches in the county, and was organized about the year 1828 at the house of Jonn W. Judy. The Judys, Burts, Hittles, Hainlines and others were among the first members. The present building was erected about 1860, and was removed from its original site to where it now stands. The new building in the near future. The church has always been a vigorous organization. The membership at the present time numbers 250 and the Sunday school, 150. The church societies are the Y. P. S. C. E. and the Woman's Aid. Elder W. Deweese is the present pastor. There is also a church of this denomination at Hieronymous Grove, which was built and paid for by Enoch Hier- onymous in 1869. For many years this church was a prosperous one, but many of the mem- bers connected themselves with other congre- gations, and there has been no regular service for some ten or twelve years. They have Sunday school, and the house is used for funeral purposes. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organ- ized about C5 years ago at Hittle Grove. About 1857 a part of its members organized a separate society, part going to Armington and part to Boynton, according to con- venience. The present church building is lo- cated in Armington and its membership is not as large as it was some years ago. Among the earlier members were John Burwell, Isaac Carr, Joseph Kelley, A. E. Forbts and others. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its organ- ization, and the time served by each: Hezekiah Armington 1S50 David Hainline 1851 — 53 R. B. Marley 1S54 David Hainline 1855 — 57 Ellis Dillon 1858 S. K. Hatfield 1S50 Jonathan Merriam 1861 George N. Bryson 186c! — 69 L. M. Stroud 1870—71 Peter Paugh 1872—73 Lorenzo Hainline 1874 John H. Burt 1875—76 John Q. Darnell 1877 John H. Burt 1878 John Q. Darnell 1879—82 D. S. Dempsey 1883—84 John Q. Darnell (died in office) 1885—88 E. E. Darnell (to fill vacancy) 1888 Jonathan Merriam 1889—97 J. M. Guy 1898—99 S. B. Hainline 1900—02 Mathias Kampf 1902—05 LITTLE MACKINAW TOWNSHIP. (23 N., R. 2 W. 3d P. M.) Little Mackinaw is mostly prairie land drained by the Little Mackinaw, Sugar Creek and Davis Branch. It is one of the richest townships in the county in point of agriculture. The soil is deep and the class of farmers ;i one of the best found anywhere in Central Illinois. Commodious residences are every- where to be seen and the people are among the most progressive in the county. The exact date of first settlement is not exactly determined, but it is known that Samuel and John Stout were the first settlers. Shortly thereafter there came Thomas F. Railsback, Buchanan Haverhill, Alexander B. Davis, James Allensworth. They were soon followed by John Q. Adams, Solomon Summers, Jesse and William Samuels, and the Herndon family, all of whom settled at or near the head of Little Mackinaw timber. The first birth was that of a child of Joseph Stout and the first death was that of an orphan at the house of Samuel Stout. The first school was taught by Thomas F. Railsback on Section 5. The first sermon was preached at Mr. Rails- back's house by Elder Ottman, a Christian ministtr, in 1S31. The first school building was a log cabin erected on Section 8 in 1804. This house for many years was known as the old log school- house and was used for church purposes as well. 11 was near the present site of the H1ST0BY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 815 Little Mackinaw cemetery. The school was taught by John Turney. Among the first pupils were James Lindsay, William P. Allensworth, Sarah E. Allensworth, now Aunt Sallie Sar- geant of Mackinaw, D. G. H. Railsback, P. G. H. Railsback and sisters Sarah and Amanda, afterward Mrs. Theophilus Ireland and Mrs. John S. Briggs, all of whom are now deceased. The first frame school-house was built about 1851 and was known as the "Pour Corners" school-house. It was used for church pur- poses until 1863. Perhaps the most notable event in the history of Little Mackinaw township, was the long con- tinued litigation over payment of bonds issued to aid in constructing the Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur (now the Vandalia) railway. This road enters the township directly south of Minier and runs almost through the center of the township. The election to pass on the question of bond issue was held July 1, 1869, the vote being 98 for and 83 against. The bonds were issued June 1, 1870, bearing a high rate of interest to run for twenty years, and were to be delivered when the engineer of the road should certify to the Supervisor of the township the road was completed. In 1870 or '71 this certificate was furnished and the bonds delivered, although the road was not completed until 1875. The Board of Town Auditors refused to audit, the claims of the bondholders when the inter- est coupons on bonds began to fall due, and the result was that the township was sued in the United States Court at Springfield, Robert G. Ingersoll and S. D. Puterbaugh representing the bondholders. At this juncture George Whitman, who was Town Clerk, vacated the office and moved to Nebraska; consequently there was no legal authority existing whereby a meeting of the Board of Auditors could be called. The busi- ness of the township, however, was not neg- lected so far as its ordinary affairs were concerned. The attorneys for the creditors sought to find Whitman but couldn't. Things dragged along in this shape until the 25th day of March, 1876, when a peremptory order of mandamus was issued by the United States Court at Springfield, directed to Asa Hicks, Supervisor. William Buehrig, alleged to be Town Clerk, and J. M. Guy and Henry Frei- tag, Justices of the Peace, requiring them to perform the duties -devolving upon the Board of Town Auditors on or before the second Tuesday in August, 1876. A continued neglect to comply with this order culminated in the ar- rest of Mr. Buehrig for contempt of court. In response to the summons of the court at Springfield in Mr. Buehrig's case, Supervisor Hicks and others, with Messrs. Roberts and Green, attorneys for the township, appeared before Judge Treat of the United States Court for the Southern District of Illinois. Judge Green prepared a clear and forcible presenta- tion for the defense. A jury tnal was waived, and the case laid before the court with attor- neys Thomas Cratty and Gen. John M. Palmer, with the United States District Attorney for the prosecution. The issue was hotly contested by the oppos- ing attorneys, and the town officers were in- formed by Judge Treat, that, if he thought there was any conspiracy to evade payment of the township's just obligations,, he would have the Sheriff lock up the whole crowd. General Palmer, in the goodness of his heart, told the court that it was a pretty close case, but after all he was not sure that there was any intention on the part of the accused to evade or disobey the orders of the court. Crat- ty, however, lost his temper and angrily de- manded to know where the town of Little Mackinaw had kept George Whitman all these years; declaring that the town officers could find him whenever they wanted to, but when the railroad people wanted to know where he was everybody was as dumb as an oyster. Judgments continued to pile up against the township, and the people saw that the best thing to do was to settle with the company upon the best possible terms. A committee consisting of N. P. Williams, P. G. H. Rails- back, R. J. Mitchell, Prank Rowell and B. C. Allensworth, was appointed to advise with the Supervisor in all matters touching the trouble in which the township and its officers were involved. Upon looking over the ground care- fully, it was thought best to issue $49,000 in 20-year bonds, bearing seven per cent inter- est, to which the voters gave their consent at the spring election in 1882. The outstanding bonded indebtedness of the township, while originally $30,000, had been Kl'li 1I18T0EY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. so increased by interest, court costs, and inter- est on interest, that the township found itself owing something over $60,000 on this account. Most of the indebtedness was held in the city of Peoria. The active work of effecting settlement fell to Supervisor Hicks and B. C. Allensworth, the latter a member of the advi- sory committee, who went to Peoria with $49,000 in cash and succeeded in effecting a satisfactory settlement with the creditors in that city. Upon this basis of settlement the township was the gainer to the extent of about $12,000. The last of the $49,000 bond issue was paid in 1902, and the event was celebrated in Minier by the citizens of the township at a harvest festival on the 20th day of August, at which mere were present at least 5,000 people. The day's program comprised an array of addresses, music and sports, which kept the visitors en- tertained from early morning until night. Most of the events occurred in the park. It was an occasion long to be remembered by the citizens of Little Mackinaw township. In the year 1883 the first Christian church north of the Sangamon River was organized at the home of Thos. P. Railsback, which was afterwards known as the Little Mackinaw Chrhtin church. The original members were Thomas P. Railsback, Louisa, his wife, A. B. Davis, Catherine Allensworth, Benjamin Herndon and Nancy, his wife, Elijah Howell and Maria, his wife. In accordance with the teachings of that church, known in many places as the Disciples of Christ, they chose the Bible, and the Bible alone, as their rule of faith and practice. Where the Bible spoke they spoke; where the Bible was silent, they were silent. The congregation for many years held its meetings in the little log school-house about one-half mile south of the old Railsback home, <, Elder Joseph Lowe, who preached the dedi- catory sermon. Since that time H. A. Palister has labored with the congregation, as have also the following: T. A. Boyer, J. T. Ogle, Thomas Edwards, J. Fred Jones, Oliver W. Stewart and H. G. Harward. Rev. O. L. Peters is serv- ing the church at this writing. The venerable George W. Minier, now deceased, was a fre- quent speaker for the congregation for many years. Professor James Kirk served the church a number of years. The officers are: Elders — J. H. Myers, George Patterson, P. A. Puter- baugh, M. H. Boucher, Samuel S. Smith, and Calvin B. Amsberry; Deacons — H. J. Puterbaugh, E. H. Roberts, Thomas Vie- mont, G. W. Speece, Jacob Smith and Solomon Puterbaugh; Clerk — George Patterson; Treas- urer — Solomon Puterbaugh. More than 3,000 persons have had membership with this congre- tion. Several who began their religious life here have become acceptable and distinguished preachers. Some have been instrumental in building up the cause in other places. Thus the history of the small beginning in the little log school-house, in 1837, can never be fully told until the Millennial Dawn, when the gath- ering hosts shall meet before the grand as- size and strike glad hands in receiving the recompense of their reward. The Methodist Conference had established a station at Mackinaw Town in an early day, and maintained monthly preaching. This has con- tinued to be a point in their Conference. The church edifice of this congregation was erected in 1850, at a cost of $1,000. The first pastor was Rev. William Beadle. The church was organized with the following members: J. Tucker and wife, Dr. Sailor and wife, James Mathewson and wife and Asa S. Smith and wife. The several pastors have been Revs. George Miller 1 , Samuel Smith, John Calhoun, William McKay, Mr. Pinkerton, George Milsap, John Smith, William Wiley, O. A. H. De la Garie, W. H. North, Ellsworth, Conrad and O. L. Lyon. The membership is not large, but the members are earnest in the work they -have in hand. In 1892 the old building was replaced with a neat modern structure which cost nearly $2,500. The present membership is fifty and there are fifty in the Sunday school. The pres- ent pastor is Rev. Charles Wesley Hamond. The Seventh Day Adventists do not now have an organization. But few members live here, and their meetings are held in private houses. All the members take part in the exercises. They have no discipline but the Bible; they construe baptism as immersion, and observe the seventh day instead of the first day of the week, as the Lord's day. No person is admitted into the church who uses whisky, tobacco or opium in any form. They believe that Christ is soon to come to the earth and set up His kingdom; that the souls of the dead sleep in the grave until the final judg- ment day. The following is a list of the Supervisors, who have served the Township since its organ- ization, and the time served by each: Lyman Porter 1850 Jonas H. Hittle 1851 — 52 David Judy .■ 1853—56 J. W. Brock 1857—58 George Miller 1859—65 Dan'l W. Puterbaugh 1866 George Miller 1867 Solomon Puterbaugh 1868 George Miller 1869 — 74 J. H. Porter 1875—92 H. J. Puterbaugh . , 1893—94 J. C. Haybarger 1895—96 H. J. Puterbaugh 1897 — 98 S. S. Smith 1899—05 DEER CREEK TOWNSHIP. (25 N. Ft. 2 W. 3d P. M.) This township was named by Major R. N. Cullom from the creek that runs through it. The first settler in the township was James Allaway, and the second was Major Cullom. Next came James Harvey, James Perry, John Small, Eli Swerins and others. January 22, 1832, marks the birth of Juliet B., daughter of R. N. and Betsey Cullom, who was the first white child born in the township. James, the infant son of Major Cullom, and the twin brother of United States Senator Shelby Cul- lom, died in November, 1830. This was the first' death in the township. Nancy Parker taught the first school in 1835. The first ser- mon was delivered by Rev. William Brown, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, at the resi- dence of James Perry in 1833. 8,'20 HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY The streams in the township are Deer Creek, Mackinaw River and Allaway"s Branch. Near these streams have been found curious remains in Indian burying grounds. Skeletons of hu- man beings have been found in various stages of preservation. A grave of mree different sections — one above the other, and separated by layers of clay — was found in a mound on Section 35. In the top grave was one skeleton and in the second and third were two each. Flint darts made of red flint 10 to 12 inches long, a solid stone hatchet weighing six or seven pounds, also a grindstone about a foot in diameter of the same material, were ex- humed about 1865 by Mr. Joseph Dean. Deer Creek Presbyterian Church. — The Pres- byterian Church of Deer Creek was organized by the Rev. W. T. Adams in pursuance of an order of the Presbytery of Peoria on the 16th of December, 1854. The church had then eleven members. J. T. McClintock and S. W. Ogden were ruling Elders. A house of worship was erected in 1855 at a cost of $1,150. Rev. W. T. Adams was installed as the first pastor in 1856 and served until 1864. The ministers succeeding Mr. Adams were: Reverends B. T. Ward, six months; John Wilson, 1865-70; Mr. Frey and Mr. D. B. Fleming, supplies 1870-71; Reverends C. B. Palmer, 1872-74; M. V. Orms- by and I. A. Cornelison, as supplies during the summer of 1S76; Thomas Watson, 1876-81; Wm. Keiry, 1881-87; McVey, 1883, then in suc- cession were Reverends Martin, Beach, Love, Milne, Oswald, McMacken, Irwin and Harris to 1900. Since its organization the church has enrolled 300 members. The highest number at any one time was in 1863, when there were 80 enrolled. There seems to be no service at the present time. The officers now are Peter Bogardus, Elder, and Eugene Stumbaugh and Fred Chaf- fer, Trustees. Deer Creek Baptist Church. — Deer Creek Baptist congregation was organized January 22, 1860, with the following members: C. Shaf- fer, W. Huxtable, W. Lockwood, B. C. Adams, Joseph Green, W. Ammerman, with their fami- lies and others to the number of 35. A good frame building was erected on William Huxta- ble's farm, Section 4. The construction of the Lake Erie & Western through that town- ship was followed by the location of the vil- lage of Deer Creek on the line of railway on the northeast line of the township, in which this denomination shortly after erected a com- modious church building. The old house of worship is not used any more for church pur- poses, and the members of the congregation formerly worshipping there are all identified with the church at Deer Creek. This church is in a prosperous condition. It has 190 mem- bers and 150 Sunday school scholars. The auxiliary societies are the B. Y. P. U. and Women's Missionary and Aid Societies. These societies have sixty active members. The present pastor is Rev. Granger W. Smith. The following is a list of the Supervisors, who have served the Township since its organi- zation, and the time which each served: Richard N. Cullom 1850—51 E. H. Durham 1852 E. Bogardus 1853 Edwin H. Durham 1854—55 James Mitchell 1856—57 John Q. Adams 1858 Alex. Small 1859—63 Eri Borgardus 1864 James Mitchell 1865 R. N. Cullom 1866 Abraham Chaffer 1867—68 Alex. Small 1869 Eri Bogardus 1870—76 Geo. H. Small 1877—78 James Mitchell 1879 Eri Bogardus 1880—82 T. C. Stout 1883—84 James Mitchell 1885 T. C. Stout 1886—88 G. H. Small 1889 A. L. Smith 1890 G. W. Smith 1891—92 Frank Field 1893—94 J. M. Butler 1895—00 W. H. Green 1901—02 Geo. H. Small 1902—06 HISTOiiY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 821 CHAPTER XV. TOWNSHIP HISTORY (Continued.) BOYNTON — HOPEDALE— TREMONT — MORTON— WASH- INGTON. BOYNTON TOWNSHIP. (22 N. R. 3 W. 3d P. M.) This township was first settled by Joseph Grant on Section 9, in 1839. The first birth was in 1842, born to Mr. and Mrs. Robert Houston, a son. The settlers prior to 1852 were John Blair, Andrew Kerr, Samuel Falor and, in 1850, William Eller, John T. Skates, the Holdens, William and Payton Alexander, John Jacobs and others. In 1854, at a meeting of the citizens at the residence of James Hous- ton, the township was first organized and the name of Boynton was given after the man who lived in the east. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its organi- zation, and the time which each served: Philo Baldwin 1854 R. B. Marley 1855—56 Andrew Kerr (resigned) Stephen K. Hatfield 1857 Ellis Dillon 1859 Wm. Laf ever 1860—61 Ellis Dillon 1863 R. B. Marley 1864 John Shurts 1865 John N. Snedeker 1866 Wm. Slaughter 1867 John Reardon 1868 Wm. Slaughter 1870—72 John P. Beezely 1873 Wm. Morehead 1874 John P. Beezely 1875—78 Jacob Brenneman 1879 — 86 J. J. Unzicker 1887—92 E. C. Brenneman 1893—94 John Steiger 1895—98 Henry Curtis 1899—03 R. O. Brawner 1903—05 HOPEDALE TOWNSHIP. (23 N. R. 3 W. 3d P. M.) Hopedale township has an early history al- most contemporaneous with that of other town- ships in this county. The first settler was Aaron Orendorff, who settled here about 1827, and his son D. W. was the first white child born in the township. On the first Tuesday in April, 1850, a meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Purviance, for the purpose of town- fchip organization. Charles W. Holden was elected Supervisor; Richard H. Holden, Town Clerk; William H. Briggs, Assessor; Andrew Kerr, Collector; Geo. W. Bryan, Nathaniel Bennett and Enoch T. Orendorff were elected Highway Commissioners. Jesse Fisher and G. W. Bryan were elected Justices of the Peace. John Bennett and John Davis were elected Constables. The township was named at a meeting of the County Court, in 1850, by Moses Meeker. The township was originally largely woodland, but the increasing price of farm property has led to the cutting off of much of the timber and the greater part of this township is now producing good crops. The surface is quite hilly, how- ever. The Mackinaw River, the Little Macki- naw and Indian Creek run through it. In 1839 a church was organized, principally by the Methodists and Presbyterians, the lat- ter having the controlling interest. It was named Shiloh by John E. Davis, and the church edifice was used as a school-house for a num- ber of years until about 1857, when a new Shiloh was built by the Methodists on the same site, and it, too, is a church of the past. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was erected in the village of Hopedale in 1854. It was burned down some time about 1876 and has been replaced by a cdmmodious house. The church is in a prosperous condition and is a power for good in that vicinity. There are eighty members and 104 in the Sunday school. The C. E. Society has a membership of twenty, four. Rev. A. N. Moore is the present pastor. The Methodist Episcopal Church of the vil- lage was erected in 1874. The original cost was about $2,500. It was dedicated by Hiram Buck in September of that year. The first baptismal ceremony occurred August 19, 1877, when John Bright and twelve others were im- mersed. The evening of the dedication wit- nessed the first wedding, P. W. Harlan and Miss P. H. Coggins were the contracting par- ties. The present membership is 100. The Sunday school has 110 members. The Epworth s-'-> HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. League and Church Aid Societies are con- nected with the church. The present pastor is Rev. Joseph L. Settles. There is a Christian Church in Hopedale Township located on Section 2. The meetings of this society were first held in the "Black Jack" school-house, the congregation being largely made up of those who had formerly held their membership with the Little Macki- naw church. Some years ago, however, a new building was erected near the school-house, and its name has been changed to the Concord Christian Church. For a country church it has a large and devoted working membership. Rev. Cantrell is the pastor in charge at the present time. The following is a list of the Supervisors, who have served Hopedale Township since its organ- ization, and the time which each has served: Charles Holder 1850—52 Ed. Bird 1854 Thos. Orendorff 1855 Jesse Fisher 1856 Eleasar Hodson 1857 — 60 P. C. Davis 1861 Thos. Orendorff 1863 D. W. Britton 1S64 Levi Orendorff 1865 Wm. E. Pomfret 1866 Adolphus Russell 1867 James R. Campbell 1868 P. E. Davis 1869—70 Michael E. Pomfret 1871 P. E. Davis 1872 G. P. Orendorff 1873—75 P. E. Davis 1876 G. P. Orendorff 1877—78 E. T. Orendorff 1879 J. A. Roach 1880—81 E. T. Orendorff 1882 — 85 N. F. Smith (died in office) 1886 — 88 C. S. Smith (to fill vacancy) 1888—89 E. T. Orendorff 1890—92 B. S. Ford 1893—94 Jolen Nutty 1895—98 J. F. Schneider 1899 — 05 TREMONT TOWNSHIP. (24 N. R. 3 W. 3d P. M.) Tremont Township is supposed to have been first settled by James Chapman, who was soon followed by Hezekiah Davis, who came to Illi- nois in 1819 at the age of 21, and to Tazewell County in 1826. He purchased a tannery busi- ness of Thomas Cameron and on July 17, 1827, Mr. Davis moved his tannery to Section 2, Elm Grove Township, where he continued the business until about 1835, when he was forced to discontinue because of the fact that the tim- ber land had been bought up by a colony of settlers from New York City and Providence, R. I. Among the other early settlers were David Lackman, Michael Trout, William and James Broyhill. In 1834 a purchasing committee of the Tre- mont colony, above referred to, composed of Josiah L. James, John H. Harrison and William Samson came to the county and selected a fine body of land on the prairie in the western part of this township and the eastern part of Elm Grove. The colony, consisting of about fifty persons, came in 1835. The people com- posing this colony were cultured, refined and enterprising. They secured the public build- ings of the county and made their settlement the county seat. Soon thereafter the conten- tion between Tremont and Pekin, in regard to the location of the county seat, gave rise to much feeling between the two places. A full account of the county seat question is given elsewhere, and it is unnecessary to continue it here. The present Tremont Baptist church build- ing was erected about 188S, costing in the neighborhood of $5,000. John H. Harris, one of the old settlers, was one of the founders. The membership numbers 81. The number in Sunday school is 60. Corlon J. Valentine is just retiring from the pastorate and his successor has not been elected. The .Methodist Episcopal church was or- ganized about twelve years ago. The congre- gation formerly met in the old Universalist church, which has now disbanded, but the building and the lot were given to the Meth- odist Episcopal church people. They are just now letting a contract for an elegant new building, to cost in the neighborhood of $5,000. The present membership is sixty-five. The number in Sunday school is seventy- five. Catholic Church of Tremont. — The record of the Catholic church in Tremont dates back HISTOEV OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 82:i lo the year 1863, with Rev. Jeremiah Murphy as pastor. He, with his assistant, Rev. Peter Corcoran, had charge of Pekin and Tremont parishes, as the latter church was then, as now, an out-mission of Pekin. The priest re- sides in Pekin and officiates at both churches every Sunday. The first Catholic church was a small build- ing near the old Seminary, which had been used for school purposes for many years. It was bought by the Catholics in 1863, for $800, and converted into a place of worship. There were about seventy members then, most of them having emigrated from the County of Waterford, Ireland. In 1875 an attempt was made to build a church, as the congregation had outgrown the old one. A committee was appointed, meet- ings were held and a subscription raised, but before the work was well begun Father Healy was recalled, and was succeeded by Father Halpin. Nothing further was done to- ward a new church until 1879, during Father W. O'Reilly's pastorate, which began on the first Sunday in August, 1879. After mass a committee was appointed, whose names were as follows: Richard Lillis, William Connell, John Cullinane, James Cooney, Patrick Ryan, Michael Morrisey, John Fitzgerald and Nick Menard. A site was selected northeast of the old Court House. The committee began its work in earnest, and had the church ready for its first mass on Christmas morning in 1880. Adding to the height of the steeple, and placing a bell therein in 1882, completed the work of the entire church at a cost of nearly $3,000. The storm of June, 1902, damaged the build- ing to a great extent, causing it to be re- modeled. It is now out of debt and has a congregation of about one hundred and twen- ty members, with Rev. D. L. Sullivan as pas- tor. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its or- ganization, and the time each served: R. W. Briggs 1850 John M. Bush 1851—52 James K. Kellogg 1853—54 Chas. J. Kellogg 1856—59 Samuel R. Saltonstall 1860—61 Ed. Allen 1863—65 Peter Menard 1866 Ed. Allen 1867 Stephen Stout 1868 — 71 A. J. Davis 1872—73 Ed. Pratt 1874 S. C. Hobart 1875—84 J. W. White (resigned, elected to legis- lature) 1885—88 W. O. Mclntyre (to fill vacancy) 1888—89 James Dean 1890—91 F. B. Wilson 1892—93 A. D. Davis (resigned) 1894 — 97 F. J. Davis . . . . ! 1897 J. E. Russell 1898—03 J. W. Baylor 1904 Wm. Noonan 1904 — 06 MORTON TOWNSHIP. (25 N. R. 3 W. 3d P. M.) This township was named in honor of Gov. Morton of Massachusetts. The first settlement was made on Section 31, by a man by the name of Soward. The exact time he came is not known, but the statement is made that he had a bearing orchard in 1831. U. H. Crosby, Israel Shreeve and his son Julius, John M. Ambrose, Darius and Walter Roberts, Daniel Roberts and sons, Alfred Phillips and Rev. William Brown were among the first settlers. Moss Shreeve was the first child born here in the spring of 1831. Mr. Shreeve died in Little Mackinaw township, in 1903. The first death in Morton was that of an infant daughter of Rev. Wil- liam Brown, who died in December, 1831. The first schoolhous? was built on Section 4, in the year 1829, and the first school actually taught was by Rev. William Brown in his own cabin in the spring of 1831. U. H. Crosby came to Morton in 1832, and, in 1834, erected a cabin on Section 9. At the present time, Morton township is one of the wealthiest agricultural townships in the county. The soil is a rich, black loam and ex- ceedingly productive. The farming community, largely composed of Mennonite people, are thrifty and in their farming operations in every way progressive. They quite .readily pay from $125 to $150 per acre for farm land. Should the first purchase involve a mortgage, it can be declared with almost absolute certainty that the indebtedness will be paid and the mortga- SvJ-t HISTORY OF TAZEYYELL COUNTY. gxe will never be put to the necessity of (ore- closing. Churches. — There are two Methodist Episco- pal churches, in this township. The first con- gregation was organized in 1842 by Zadock Hall. The original members were Robert Rob- erts and wife, Joseph Mitchell and wife and Abner Mitchell, William Barnum and wife and Elder Radcliff. The church building is located in the village of Morton and is in Gothic style, built of brick in 1878, and the original cost was $1,800. The membership numbers forty and there are forty in the Sunday school. There is an Epworth League in connection with the church, with twenty members. The present pastor is Rev. A. Wilbur Gillilan, Ph. D. The Buckeye Methodist church was the first Methodist Episcopal church organized in the township. It is a frame building, 30 by 40 feet, located on Section 33, and was erected in 1864 at a cost of $1,700. Israel Shreeve and wife, James Ayres and wife, Benjamin Ayres and wife, and William Brown and wife were the original members. Many of the Methodist people formerly connected with this church have died or moved away. The present pastor is J. J. Hunter. The number of members is now twenty. The Apostolic Christian church is located in the village of Morton. The building is a large frame, and was first erected in 1869. Additions have since been made and the total cost of the building and improvements connected with it has been nearly $5,000. The congregation was organized in 1S53 by Benedict Waynet. The present membership is about 600. The number in the Sunday school is about 200, making it the largest in membership in the county. An- drew Ropp serves as Elder. The Congregational church was organized in August. 1851, by Rev. W. W. Blanchard. The church building was erected in 1870. Prior to that time church services were held in the Library building which was burned. The school-house was then used until the new church was ready to be occupied. The original members were: Mrs. G. Webb, W. W. Camp- bell, Horace Clark and wife, William C. Bart- let, Dan Bartlet, Martin Messinger and wife, H. M. Crosby and wife, and Willard Gray. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the township since its organ- ization, and the time served by each: Horace Clark 1850 Joel W. Clark 1851—59 Andrew Gillum 1860—61 Chas. R. Crandall 1863—66 William Munroe 1867—71 Thos. Cooper 1872—73 William A. Moore 1874—75 Samuel C. Smith 1876 John H. Crandall 1877 Samuel C. Smith 1878 William Smith 1879—80 S. C. Smith 1881 Alex. Woodberry 1882 A. W. Stewart . , 1883 Erastus Roberts 1884 W. F. Denne 1885—87 William Moschel (resigned) 1888 W. A. Moore (elected to legislature) . .1889 — 91 Peter Sweitzer 1892 — 05 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. (26 N. R. 3. W. 3d P. M.) In 1825 William Holland, Sr., came to this township from Peoria, then Fort Clark. He was born in Lincoln county, N. C, in 1780, and at the age of 35 moved to Illinois Territory and settled at Edwardsville in Madison county ■and moved from there to Peoria in 1820. He was married three times and was the father of twenty-one children, fourteen by his first wife and seven by his second. He had eighty-two grandchildren, many of them still living. He died on the 27th day of November, 1871, at the advanced age of 91 years. Following Hol- land, in 1826, came William Thompson from Ohio, William Weeks and John Redman from Indiana. These four families were the only in- habitants until 1827, when Ira Crosby, of New York, and George Burrow, of Tennessee, both moved into the township. The next to come were William Birkett of Lancashire, England, and James Holland, a brother of William Hol- land, Sr., also from North Carolina. In 1828 James Harvey, father of Wesley B. Harvey, now living in Washington, came from Ohio and located on what was known as the Benj. Kindig farm, a mile and a half northwest of the city. He afterwards moved to a farm in Deer Creek township, and afterwards to Groveland, where HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 825 lie died in 1859. Among the other early set- tlers were George Burrow and Peter B. Scott, who came in 1829. Following them came Wil- liam Heath in 1830, James McClure and Wil- liam and Walter Birkett came from England, and John Lowman from Indiana in 1831, and settled west of the city. In 1832 and during the spring and summer months of 1833, a rush of immigrants came, and before the first snow the whole of the timbered section of the town- ship was occupied with cabins and settlers. The first marriage in the township was be- tween James Hendricks and Miss Sallie Red- man, daughter of John Redman, in 1828. The ceremony was performed by Daniel Meek, a Justice of the Peace and resident of Water- loo. The same day, Miss Jane Redman, the second daughter of John Redman, was mar- ried to Terri Hall. A child of Henson Thomas was the first person to die and the first death of an adult was that of Mr. Pembrock, a stran- ger, who died at the residence of William Heath. Both were buried in the graveyard on what is known as the Squire Baker farm. The first physician was Dr. Goodman, who came from Vermont in 1832 and associated with Dr. G. P. Woods in a business relation in 1835. Joseph Kelso and George D. Gibson became residents in 1834. The first school-house was built in 1S27-28, near the hut in which William Holland lived. It was 16 by 18 feet, and was built of logs. Split logs furnished the writing desks and seats, and the windows were made by saw- ing out the end of a log and over the open space was pasted greased paper, which admit- ted some light. The teacher was George H. Shaw, who received for his compensation his board, washing and horse feed. The second school was taught by Eli Redman, in the winter of 1828-29, in a house built by William Weets, as a residence, on the Portman place. Charles F. Dorsey, who came from Kentucky in 1831, erected a third building in the township, which was the first on the present site of Washington City, in 1834, which he occupied as a store, and where he exhibited the first stock of goods in the city. Washington township, in territorial extent, consists of a full congressional township and a half. Its present population is thrifty and prosperous. Churches. — The first Presbyterian church of Washington was organized on the Sabbath, Nov. 1G, 1834, with ten members, by Rev. Fla- vel Bascom and Rev. Lemuel Foster, a com- mittee of the Presbytery of Sangamon, in the store room of Mr. Charles S. Dorsey. David Gibson and Horace Blair were the first ruling elders. (As an indication of the sense of the incongruous, then existing, and which has hap- pily been growing stronger since that time, it may be mentioned that among the articles kept for sale by Mr. Dorsey were various kinds of liquors, which, during the organization of the church, were concealed from view by a table cloth suspended from an upper shelf so as to hang down in front of the bottles.) The Synod of Illinois at Alton, Oct. 24, 1836, passed an enabling act for the erection of the Presbytery of Peoria, its territory to include Peoria, Taze- well and Putnam counties, which formed a part of the territory of the Schuyler, Sangamon and Ottawa Presbyteries — the Presbytery to be composed of Ministers Chauncey Cook, Augus- tus Pomeroy, Calvin W. Babbitt, Lucian Farn- ham, Romulus Barnes, Jeremiah Porter and Flavel Bascom (comprising seven churches), with Peoria First, Peoria Main Street, Prince's Grove, Washington, Union Grove, Union Grove Second, Pekin, Hennepin, and Pleasant Grove (nine churches) — making in all sixteen churches. The first meeting was held in ac- cordance with the order of the Synod at Peoria, March 2, 1837. As the records have been lost, we can give no account of that meeting. In the spring of 1838, one year after the or- ganization of the Presbytery of Peoria, that division in the General Assembly occurred which resulted in a division of the Presbyte- rian church into what came to be known as the "Old School" and the "New School" Presby- terian churches — a division that came to an end in the happy reunion of 1870. In the fall following the division of the Gen- eral Assembly, the Synod of Illinois met in the Main Street church of Peoria and, on the 28th of September, 1838, divided — the New School part continuing to sit in the Main Street church, and the Old School part, upon the mo- tion of Rev. John G. Bergen, D.D., of Spring- field, withdrawing and holding its sessions, as the Synod of Illinois, in the church at the cor- ner of Adams and Jackson Streets. It ap- 826 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. peared that all the ministers and eight of the thirteen churches of the Presbytery of Peoria adhered to the Synod which continued its ses- sions in the Main Street church. The ministers were: Augustus Pomeroy, Chauncey Cook, Pla- vel Bascom, Romulus Barnes, Lucian Farnham, James H. Dickey, Calvin W]. Babbitt, John Spaulding and Enoch S. Huntington. The churches adhering to the New School organ- ization were: the Peoria Main Street, Wash- ington, Pekin, Lacon, Union Grove, Union Grove Second, Hennepin, and Pleasant Grove. The five churches that went with the Old School part of the Synod at the division were the Peoria First, Peoria Second (then worship- ping in the Court House), Canton. Princeville and Lewistown. A number of the members of the old church of Washington, being dissatisfied with the ad- herence of that church to the New School Pres- bytery of Peoria at the division in 1838, an Old School church was organized by order of the Presbytery, by Rev. Isaac Kellar in 1840, with nine members and with David Gibson and Robert Chesney ruling elders. The church had occasional preaching but no regular supply un- til 1848, when, upon the proposal of Rev. George G. Sill, who was now in connection with the Dutch Reformed Church, to preach for them, the church united witn the classes of Illinois of the Dutch Reformed Church. Rev. J. L. Schultz supplied the church for three or four years, closing his labors in 1852, when the church discontinued its organization. The ministers serving the Washington church were: Romulus Barnes, 1835-43; Wells An- drews, 1843-41; George W. Elliott, 1845-50; Adam Johnston, 1851-54; Wells Andrews, 1855- 59; Charles F. Beach, 1859-60; Hiram H. Kel- logg, 1862-63; Wells Andrews, 1863-67; Isaac A. Cornelison, 1867-72; William L. Green, 1872- 73; Isaac A. Cornelison, 1873, who is still in charge. Those serving the Washington Old School churches were: Washington First, George G. Sill, 1848; Washington Second, Wil- liam P. Carson, 1852; William T. Adams, 1853- 55. The ruling elders of the Washington churches were: Original Washington church — David Gibson, Horace Blair, 1834; Parker Morse, 1836; James P. Scott, 1837; Norman Dutton, 1839; Joseph B. Miles, A. B. Lewis, 1843; Am- herst Kingsberry, 1846; James Marsh, John M. Brown, 1850; William P. Springate, 1857; M. S. Carr, Benjamin E. Miles, 1859; Aaron Caus- ey, 1867; George D. Gibson, William B. Mer- chant, 1870; William Monroe, 1875; John Vor- hees, William H. Weirick, M. D., 1878. First Old School Church — David Gibson, Robert Chesney, 1840. Second Old School Church — ■ Vivian Cloud, Joel Sheppard, 1851; John Wil- son, Joseph Means, Silas W. Ogden, James Greigg, 1853. In tne spring of 1897, the New School Church sent Dr. R. B. M. Wilson and Benjamin E. Miles as a delegation to the Old School Church Presbytery of Bloomington, with a request for the services of Rev. I. A. Cornelison, a member of the Presbytery, which request was granted; and, on his taking charge of the church,' the members of the Second Old School church all united with the New School church, thus caus- ing the former to be extinct. The present church building was erected in 1871, being the third building on the same ground, on the southwest corner of Walnut and Elm Streets. The first building was never finished, and the second was removed to give place for the third. There is no parsonage connected with the church organization. It has never felt the need of one, as the residence of the present pastor, on the northeast corner of Main and Holland streets, was presented to him by Dr. R. B. M. Wilson, Mr. Asa H. Danforth and Mr. Almon G. Danforth in 1873, on his return after an ab- sence of one year in Philadelphia, Pa. The church holds regular Sabbath services, morning and evening, a prayer meeting on Wednesday evening and nas a Sunday school and a Young People's Society of Christian En- deavor in connection with it. The present membership is eighty-seven, with seventy-five in the Sunday school. The Woman's Home Mission and Foreign Mission are auxiliary societies. Christian Church of Washington. — The Chris- tian church was organized by Richard B. Mc- Corkle in 1832, in a school-house on what is known as the Squire Baker farm. Among the earlier members were R. B. Isabelle, Eliza Mc- Corkle, James McClure and wife, John Johnson and wife, William Holland, Sr., Peter Scott and wife, and Josiah Yagger and wife. This. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 821 church erected its first building in 1851, which was afterwards sold. A second edifice was dedicated November 28, 1869, and was burned February 17, 1870. A third building was erect- ed and dedicated August 18, 1870, but was burned October 29, 1876, being set on fire by lightning. The fourth building erected by this church was dedicated July 29, 1877. Together with the improvements, there has been about $35,000 spent on the several house's. We have been unable to obtain the present membership, but understand the church is in a prosperous condition. Rev. Madden is the present pastor. St. Mark's Lutheran Church. — The first or- ganization of this denomination was known as the German Lutheran church. The gospel was preached in both the English and German lan- guages each Sabbath. The German element, however, being in the majority, the congrega- tion voted to exclude the English language. The English members of the church held a meeting on April 8, 1875, and a committee was appointed to draw up a constitution for an- other congregation. The meeting was held at the house of Josiah Snyder on April 26th, and an organization was effected. On May 2d Jo- siah Snyder was elected Elder, Henry Maile and T. L. Danforth, deacons; Henry Denhart. Eli Heiple and Elias Benford, trustees, and Rev. S. W. Harkey, pastor. A new house was dedicated August 26, 1877, at a cost of $6,000, including the lot. This" church has always been prosperous and has a good working and active membership. The church building has been recently remodeled, which makes it as handsome a church building as can be found almost anywhere. A new pipe organ has been added. The present church membership is 275, and that of the Sunday school 175. The auxil- iary societies are the Young People's Society of Christian- Endeavor, the Missionary Society and Aid Society, in all numbering 150 mem- bers. The present pastor is Rev. D. F. Thomas, A. M. The Methodist Episcopal Church.— The early history of this church cannot be written, as the records have been lost. It seems that Jesse Walker organized the first society in 1828. Their present place of worship is a handsome and commodious building which was erected in 1866, but which has recently been remod- eled, and a new pipe organ added. The church has 275 members, 175 in the Sunday school, and a total of 150 members in its auxiliary societies. There is an Amish church on Section 20, which was organized in 1860, tind has been largely attended since that time. It has a membership of over aOO, and is in a prosper- ous condition. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its or- ganization, and the time each served: James W. Wather 1850—51 Lawson Holland 1852 — 53 W. A. Ross 1854 J. S. Marsh 1855—58 E. L. Miles 1859—60 E.ias Wenger 1863 Richard C. Dement 1864 John W. Dougherty 1865—66 Benj. Tobias 1866—68 Richard D. Smith 1869 Peter Filer 1870 John H. Anthony 1871—89 D. S. Sheppard 1890—91 Christian Spring 1892—95 C. L. Birket 1896—05 CHAPTER XVI. TOWNSHIP HISTORY (Continued). DELAVAN — DILLON— EI. M GROVE — GROVF.I.AN I > — FON- DULAC — SAND PRAIRIE— MALONE — CINCINNATI — SPRING LAKE. DELAVAN TOWNSHIP. (22 N. R. 4. W. 3d P. M.) In 1836 Jonas R. Gale visited Tazewell coun- ty and conceived the idea of having a colony from Providence, R. I., settle on Delavan Prai- rie. After consulting with Edward C. Delavan, of Albany, N. Y., a company was formed with a capital of about $20,000, and about 20,000 acres of land were entered. The land was laid off in 160-acre farms, and three hundred square feet went with each farm to constitute a town lot. The farms were sold at auction, and Henry R. Green, L. Allen, and William Har- ris were named to locate the town, which they X'.'S HISTOEV OF TAZEWELL COUNTY did on the present site of Delavan. The hotel — for Jong years afterward known as the Dela- van House, and which has now disappeared — was built in 1837 of material a part shipped from Providence, via New Orleans and Pekin, a part procured from the Mackinaw and a part from Pittsburg, Pa. The material was accom- panied by carpenters, W. W. Crossman and family coming with them. Mrs. Crossman, who lived to witness the entire growth of the com- munity, died in 1874. Mr. Crossman died some time later in the 'eighties, as did also Deacon Gale, being the last surviving member of the original colony. The hotel was taken charge of by Ira B. Hall in 1840, and Delavan was made a stage stanci on the line from Chicago, via Peoria to Springfield. Things now looked progressive for the new settlement; but a tel- egraph line put up in 1850 was removed, the stage withdrawn, and the seeming prosperity vanished. The nearest railroad point was the village of Atlanta on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, the only market where people could get a fair price for their produce and purchase goods at reasonable prices, except Pekin and Peoria, which at most seasons of the year were not accessible by wagon road to the people on Delavan Prairie. In 1868 the Bloomington & Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton Railroad was completed, and the place began to grow rap- ' idly. A man by the name of West kept the first store and was also the first postmaster. At a meeting held in 1850, the township was organized. W. W. Crossman was elected Super- visor; Charles Grant, Town Clerk; Daniel Lee, Assessor; George P. Vincent, Collector; W. S. Caswell, Overseer of Poor; George Tefft, W. S. Caswell and Falsom Dorsett, Commissioners of Highways; John Reese and George P. Vin- cent, Constables; W. C. Clark and W. S. Cas- well, Justices of the Peace; Hugh Read, Over- seer of Highways, and Simon Goodal, Pound- master. The oldest church in Delavan is the Baptist church, which was organized December 17, 1846. Henry R. Green, Jonas R. Gale and Joseph Grant were the first deacons, and John Daniels, Cynthia M. Gale, Sarah Grant, Annis Green, Mary Ann Phillips and Eunice Hall were the original members. A house* of wor- ship was completed in April, 1854, and the par- sonage erected in 1868. In April, 1861, twenty- three members of this church organized the Baptist church at San Jose, Mason county, 111. The church buildings, including the parsonage, have both been remodeled since they were orig- inally constructed at a cost of $7,000. The or- ganization is now entirely out of debt and every department of the church is in good working order. Connected with the church are three auxiliary societies, to-wit: The Baptist Young People's Union, with fifty members; the Junior Union, with seventy-five members, and the Women's Missionary Society, with thirty members. The total membership of the church is 165 and the Sunday school has 150 in attendance. The present pastor is the Rev. M. L. Coffman, who is now in the fifth year of his service there. The Presbyterian church was organized on the 19th day of June, 1855. At the April meet- ing of the Peoria Presbytery, a petition for the organization of a Presbyterian church had been presented by Mr. J. C. Duncan, signed by nineteen members. Rev. W. T. Adams and J. T. McClintock, of the Presbytery's Committee, met in Delavan, June 19th, and organized the church with a membership of twenty-two. J. C. Duncan and Ralph Martin were the first ruling elders. The society has a substantial brick building, which had been twice remodeled and enlarged. Six years ago the ladies of the congregation erected a manse, with all modern convenien- ces, and presented it to the church. The church is well organized and has a member- ship of 180. The ruling elders at present are Henry Shipton, J. C. Burlingame and Arthur Stubbs. The following is the list of ministers who have served this church, with their terms of service: Rev. S. M. Gemple, Pastor May 29, 1857, to May 13, 1867. Rev. William Baldwin, Pastor from October 15, 1867, to May 30, 1869. Rev. R. C. Colmery, Pastor from August 1, 1869, to December 1, 1871. Rev. J. C. Hough, Pastor from April, 1872, to April 30, 1893. ' Rev. R. K. Portes, Pastor from September 1, 1893, to August, 1898. 7>ulJ> t^C* HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 82!) Rev. W. M. Irwin, stated supply from February, DILLON TOWNSHIP 1899, to April, 1901. Rev. F. C. Everitt, Pastor July, 1901, and still ( " N " R " 4 W " 3d F ' M '> in service. This township claims the first white settler George Miller and John Webster were the of Tazewell county in the person of Nathan first pastors of the Methodist church, which Dillon. This claim, however, is disputed by was organized in 1S5U. The original member- William Blanchard, who first settled in Fon- ship numbered twenty. Among the early mem- dulac, it is said, about the year 1819. What- bers were Samuel Briggs, Samuel Hall, Jesse e\er may be the fact, there is no reason known Trowbridge, John Frazee and Levi Cheever. to the author to question the truth of either The church building is of brick, and is in claim. Dillon township is entitled to high rec- every way commodious. The growth of this ognition by reason of the character of its early church has been constant and substantial. The pioneers and the hardships which they en- present membership is 256 with a, Sunday dured. Among the first settlers was John school enrollment of 155. The auxiliary organ- Trowbridge, who came in 1833 and says there izations are the Woman's Foreign and Wo- were four or five cabins on his side of the man's Home Missionary Societies, the Ladies' Mackinaw at that time. He has related a story Aid Society, and the Epworth League, the lat- in which he and his brother Jesse were the ter numbering 101 members. The first named leading characters. Having no timber with has sixty members and the Ladies' Aid Society which to make rails, they went to a grove of is composed of .all the ladies of the church. walnut trees and, in the first tree they cut Rev. Preston Wood, Jr., is the pastor. down, they found four coons. While at work The Catholic church was founded in 1868 there the weather turned so intensely cold by the Rev. Father Murtagh. Among the lead- they could not keep warm and their provisions ing members of the first organization were gave out. They set a trap for game and cut a Messrs. Ryan, Reardon, and Leoni. This is one tree for fire. They soon found a quail in their of the strongest churches in the county, and tiap which furnished them a breakfast. Game probably the largest of the Catholic faith in was exceedingly plentiful, and it is said that the county, having a membership of between they counted 110 deer from the top of a sand four and five hundred. ridge. They were running in Indian file and The following is a list of the Supervisors were counted as th?y parsed, who have served the Township since its or- The Studyvins. earn? in 1830, and kept what ganization, with the time which each has was known as "Studvvin's Tavern." The fam- seived: ily of Josiah Bailey came in the fall of 1828. William W. Crossman 1850—55 Mrs. Bailey lived to a good old age with her Ira B Hall ..1856 brother, Daniel Brown, whose son, Louis Henry Pratt 1857—60 Brown, now resides on the old homestead Henry R. Green 1863 northeast of Delavan. James H. McKinstry 1864—65 Matthias Mount came to the township in H. L. Fisher 1866 February, 1833. He served in the Black Hawk Benjamin F. Orendorff . . . 1867—68 War as Second Lieutenant in Company C, First Richard Holmes 1869—72 Regiment. He was at the battles of Wisconsin M. D. Beecher 1875 and Bad AvP - and was P resent at Rock Is' a nd. Richard Holmes.. 1876—80 Daniel Crabb was another of the early set- W. R Baldwin 1881—86 tiers. He began life in his new home by mak- E. S Hobart 18S7 ing rails for 37 1-2 cents per 100. At his death, W. R. Baldwin 1888 some few years ago, he was the wealthiest man W. M. Ambrose 1889—92 in that township. C. W. Hopkins 1893—94 After the adoption of township organization, William Moorehead 1895 the first election was held April 2, 1850. At C. W. Hopkins 1896—1900 this election Nathan Dillon was elected Super- J. O. Jones 1901—06 visor; J. W- Musick, Clerk; R. H. Hardy, As- s;.?(i HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. sessor; J. B. Laudet, Collector; Daniel Dillon, Overseer of the Poor; Abner Rulon, Obadiah Studyvin and Samuel Bury, Commissioners of Highway; Sherrod Williams and Jesse Kinman, Justices of the Peace; J. B. Laudet and Wm. Stockton Constables; and Andrew Wallace, Poundmaster. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its organiza- tion, and the time which each served: Nathan Dillon 1850 C. Gill 1851—53 Nathan Dillon 1854 Sherrod Williams 1855 — 57 E- C, Hobert -.1858 S. Williams 1S59 H. C. Sutton 1861 Ezra Rector 1863 John A. Reinagle 1864 Sherrod Williams 1865 Jonathan Schureman 1866 Mathias Mount 1867 — 75 C. W. Waltmire 1876 Mathias Mount 1877 — 81 Daniel Brown 1882 John Fitzgerald 1883 — 84 Ralph Allen ] 885— S6 W. M. Mount 1887 — 94 Stephen Studyvin . 1895 — 06 ELM GROVE' TOWNSHIP. (24 N. R. 4 W. 3d P. M.) Elm Grove township is one of the most beau- tiful in Tazewell county. Its surface is un- dulating and the improvements are equal to those found anywhere in Central Illinois. If one were to express an opinion as to three of the most beautiful expanses in this county, he would probably select southern Washington and northeastern Deer Creek; Elm Grove township, as viewed from the residence of Mr. John Buck- ley, near Leslie Station on the Big Four Rail- way; and Delavan Prairie. Among the earliest settlers were Hezekiah Davis, John Dillon, Alexander McKnight, Benjamin Briggs, James Scott, Thornton Wilson, Levi and Thomas Mol- ton, John and Eli Redman, Rufus North and Alexander Barnes. Hezekiah Davis was about the first settler. He came to this township in 1823. He was married to Sarah T. Scott, in Groveland Township in 1828. At an early day he kept a tan-yard and was also in the Black Hawk War. His son, Col. Aquilla J. Davis, was born in this townsnip in 1830. He :s now a resi- dent of Tremont and, with the exception of the time spent in the army in command of the Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, from February 20, 1S61, to September 30. 1865, he has been a con- tinuous resident of this locality. This township is famous for a number of the first things of note in Tazewell county. William Eads built the first mill, in 1825, and the first woolen factory in the county was built on Section 34 by Theodorus Fisher in 1832. The first marriage in the county was celebrated be- tween Daniel Dillon and Martha Alexander in the spring of 1826. The first school house was built in 1827 on Section 27. and Samuel Bent- ley was the first teacher. The first religious service was held in a grove on Dillon Creek in September, 1827. The first church building was erected in the township in 1830 by the Quakers in Section 24, and the first cemetery in the county was located on the same section in 1826. Hannah Dillon, the wife of William Dil- lon, was the first to die in the year 1826. The following is a list of the Supsrvisiors who have served the Township since its or- ganization, and the time which each served: Seth Talbot 1850—55 John Dillon 1856 Daniel Hodson 1 857 — 5s Seth Talbot 1859 A. J. Davis 1860—61 Geo. W. Greeley 1863 — 64 Seth Talbot 1865 Geo. W. Greeley 1866 — 67 Alfred E. Leonard 1868 — 71 D. John Bennett 1872 — SO J. W. Robinson 1881 G. W. Greeley 1882 J. D. Ropp 1883 D. J. Bennett 1884—85 W. H. Roof 1886 — S7 T. H. Leonard 1888—91 D. B. McLean 1892—93 C. Halleman, Jr 1894—98 Edward Pratt 1899—00 B. L. Greeley 1901—06 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. s:il GROVELAND TOWNSHIP. (25 N. R. 4 W. 3d P. M.) James Scott was the first settler in this township, building his cabin on Section 35 in 1S27. Shortly after him came John O'Brien, Milton Shurtleff, Daniel and John Moberly. Joseph Landes, Alexander Caldwell, George Du- pree, and Benjamin Dobson. All of these pioneers are dead. John McGinnis taught the first school in the township in the winter of 1834-35, in a little log cabin located on the southwest corner of Section 11. Alexander McKnight owned a horse-mill, where all kinds of grain could be ground, but the bolting was done by hand. This mill was in Elm Grove township, but it did the grinding for nearly all the people in Groveland township. There is some uncertainly as to who preached the first sermon in Groveland, but the best information leads to the conclusion that Rev. William Brown was the first to preach in 1831, at a farm house near where the cemetery now is. The Methodists organ- ized the first church about 1832. Rev. Za- dock Hall organized a class in 1840, and a protracted meeting was held in the winter of the same year by Reuben H. Moffat in the cabin built by Homer Roberts, at which some sixty people were converted, most of whom joined the Methodist Episcopal church. There are at present thirty-five members, forty-five in the Sunday school, and the Epworth League numbers thirty. Rev. A. W. Gillilan, Ph. D., is the pastor. The Menonite church is a good frame building, 30 by 50 feet, built in 1878 at a cost of $1,100. The Menonites have erected a house of worship in the southeastern part of the township and they have a large con- gregation. The Evangelical Zion Society of Groveland Township has a church edifice erected in Sec- tion 17. It is 36 by 56 feet in dimension. It was built in 1876 at a cost of about $3,000, but the value of the church property is now considerably more than that. The name giv- en above is not the name of the church as it is generally known, but it has been ascertained that this is the correct name. The present membership is 149. The number in Sunday school is 189. The church societies are the Keystone League of the Christian Endeavor numbering fifty-one members, and the Wom- an's Missionary Society numbering thirty-two members. The present pastor is the Rev. George A. Walker. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served Groveland Township since its organization, and the time which each served : George L. Parker 1850—51 Robert Bradshaw 1852 — 54 Charles G. Hinnman 1855 C. S. Worthington 1860—61 Robert Bradshaw 1859 C. S. Worthington 1860—61 John L. Caldwell 1863—64 F. H. Hancock 1865—66 Benj. H. Harris 1867—71 J. W. Mooreberry 1872 George Landes 1873 — 74 F. Shurtleff 1875 George Landes 1876 Joel T. O'Brien 1 S77 — 78 C. S. Worthington .' 1879 Henry Schwartz 1880—82 George Landes 1883 Henry Schwartz 1884 George Landes 1885—98 Barney Eisele 1899 — 05 FONDULAC TOWNSHIP. (26 N. R. 4 W. 3d P. M.) This township, located along the Illinois Riv- er, directly opposite the city of Peoria (for- merly Fort Clark), is closely identified with the earliest history of the county. Its south- ern boundary is not far from the site of old Fort Crevecouer as located by the Daugh- ters of the American Revolution. That part of the township opposite what is known as "the Narrows" — a contraction of the Illinois River — is claimed by many to have been the original site of Fort Crevecouer. There seem to be evidences that, at one time, a fort of some sort was constructed at this place, but the preponderance of evidence seems to be in favor or the Wesley City location, as the site of the early French fortress. William Blanchard, a native of Vermont, left that State in 1804, when seven years of age. He served five years in the regular army, and, at Mi HI. STUB Y OF TAZEWELL COUNTY the age of twenty-two, came to Detroit, Mich., thence to Fort Wayne, Ind., from there to St. Louis, thence, in the spring of 1819, he landed at Port Clark in company with Charles Sargeant, Theodore Sargeant and David Barnes, who were veterans of the War of 1812. Short- ly after, they crossed the Illinois River and, in 1822, they erected a rude hut on an old French field of about ten acres, where they soon had a growing crop of corn and potatoes. It is claimed that this is the first settlement between Fort Clark and Chicago. In 1825, Blanchard was married to Eliza Donohue, the ceremony being performed by Jacob Wilson, first Justice of the Peace between Peoria and Chicago. Jacob L. Wilson was also one of the earli- est settlers of Fondulac township, and experi- enced many of the hardships which fell to the lot of the early pioneers. Among those who came later were Cyrus J. Gibson, who came in 1830 and settled on Section 11 and 12. He was soon followed by Austin and Horace Croker, Thomas Camlin, Major Donohue. David Mat- thews, Joseph Schertz (who came in 1830, and whose death occurred two or three years ago), and William and Samuel Moberly, who set- tled in Groveland in 1832. There was a saw mill built on Ten Mile Creek in 1828 by Hugh Woodrough and David Bailey, of Pekin. Sam- uel Brown, a Methodist preacher, preached the first sermon in this township in this mill. The old Buckeye schoolhouse was built on Sec- tion 11 in 1835, and was used as the first church. The Methodist Church seems to have been the pioneer religious organization of this township. The Buckeye school house was built in 1835, and was used as a church. The largest congregation of this township is of this denomination and is located in the thriving village of East Peoria. It has 125 members with 115 enrolled in the Sunday school. It has a Ladies' Aid Society and an Epworth League with a membership of fifty-five, all told. The present pastor is Rev. Ivins Chat- ten. The following is a list of persons who have served as Supervisors since the township was organized: Daniel Trail 1854—58 Thomas Camlin 1858 59 John Leadly 1859—60 S. R. Mowberry 1860—66 F. M. Wiles 1866—67 T. B. Pinkham 1867—70 John Lorimer 1870—73 S. R. Mowberry 1873—76 Jeremiah Stenger 1876 — 78 John Lorimer 1 878—79 S. R. Mowberry 1879—81 Joseph Schertz 1881 — 85 Nicholas Schlegel ] 885—88 Joseph Schertz ■ ■ 1888—92 J. J. Arnold 1892—01 E. M. Tucker 1904— MALONE TOWNSHIP. (22 N. R. 5 W. 3d P. M.) In 1852 a commission was appointed by tho Legislature to survey and appraise the swamp lands of Tazewell county, and the report reads &s follows: "The whole of this body of land is such as would be generally denominated wet. prairie land. During the spring months of April and May water stands upon the ground, to the depth of from one to two inches to two feet. The higher ground on the west side is com- paratively dry and is composed of sand ridges interpersed with small oak timber, but the prai- rie on the north, east and south sides is among the best for farming purposes to be found in this section of the county. In the course of a few years this low land will become very val- uable, both for pastu. e and meadow. At a little expense a ditch could be cut into Crane Lake, when the land would be dry enough for the plough.'' The value fixed upon such swamp, oi overflowed lands, was from fifty cents to eighty cents an acre, and in Spring Lake township some land was appraised as low as twenty cents an acre. The judgment* of the commission with reference to the effects of ditching this land has been made good by the Mason and Tazewell Drainage District, a corporation formed about 1875, which has cut a large ditch through the township. Leading into it are numerous small ditches, and con- nected with it is a fine system of tiling and cultivation. This is now as fine farming coun- try as can be found anywhere. Malone township was not settled until about 1850. The earliest settlers were James and HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 833 John Wilson, Calvin F. Buckman, Dr. Hubbard ly after the Perkinses did and settled S. and William Latham, Silas Dowd, Thomas on Section 9. He was born in 1798 and Perry, James McCoy, Joseph Watts and William lived in the vicinity of Circleville, to a ripe Boyer. The first school was taught by John old age. The first frame house in this town- Kerman. Francis Griffin and a daughter of ship was built in 1829 by Joseph Haines, who James McCoy were the first to marry in the also built the first frame barn, in 1831. The township in 1850. g rst school house south of tile Mackinaw was The following is a list of the Supervisors built in 1854, and the first church in 1865. who have served the Township since its or- Sand Prairie Township is one of the most ganization, with the time served by each: prosperous in the county. Its farms are W. P. Latham 1854 58 equipped with substantial, and some of them James Wilson 1859 elegant, residences and fine barns. H. S. Latham 18B0 64 Methodist Church of Green Valley. — In 1865 Wm. D. Cleveland 1865 67 t ' le soc i e ty of this church at Green Valley was Wm. E. McDowell 1868 connected with the San Jose circuit. During Jas. K. Pugh 1869 this Jear a building costing $5.0u0 was erect- -J. M. Wilson 1870 7° ed - In I**" 70 the relation with the San Jose Wm. E. McDowell 1873 74 circuit was dissolved and the official board of John Cline ... 1875 77 ^he cnurc h set the Green Valley church off to Jas. K. Pugh 1878 81 itself. The church at the present time is in E. D. Worstall 1882 a ver5 ' prosperous condition, with a member- J. F. Barton 1883 sllip oi 18t '' The numoei ' in Sunday school is E. D. Worstall 1884 ■*■"'*' Tbe " E P wor th League" and the "Help- J C Drake 1S85 S6 ™^> Hand" are the church societies having a D. L. Latham (resigned) 1887 membership of 63. Rev. W. C. Lacey is the W. P. Latham (to fill vacancy) 1888 present pastor. W M Lover 1889 The P resD yterian church of Green Valley John McDowell 1890—91 was or S anized June, 10, 1832, at Circleville, and E. D. Worstall (died' in' office) ". '.'. '.'. !!l892-93 was re - OT S ailized A P ril 15. 1863, when it was ,ohn McDowell (to fill vacancy) 1897 united with the church at Green ValIey - The W H Worstall 1898—99 ori §' inaI church was called the Sand Prairie John Kuzmaul . .' .' .' '. .' .' .' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1900-02 church ' ° n the 10th of June ' 1832 ' the follOW " T T Watts - 190'' 06 ing persons: Samuel Woodrow, Catherine Woodrow, George Rausbarger, Stephen Holten, Emily Sommers and Mary Babbit, agreeable SAND PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. tQ ^^ appointment] for the purpose o£ (23 N. R. 5 W. 3d P. M.) mutual benefit in Holy living, voluntarily as- sociated themselves into a Christian church. The history ot Sand Prairie is almost con- ,, nder the rule , of the General Assembly of temporaneous with that of the earnest settle- the p res byterian Church of the United States of ments in this county. Elisha and Major Isaac America. Samuel Woodrow was elected ruling Perkins came here from Shawneefown, 111., elder| and c w Babbit, their stated supply, about 1824. Major Perkins was killed in the was choseil clerk . Work was commenced Sep- famous battle of Stillman's Run, and his broth- lember lp 1876> and the house dedicated free er moved to Iowa about 1854 and died in that from deM . Sunday| Decemb er 31st of the same State. Gideon Hawley came from the East and year _ bejng ^ , agt Sunday &nd ^ ]agt day settled near the Perkinses. Thomas Lander . .. , , .. „ iT _ of the last month of the Centennnl year from Virginia located on Section 7. John Som- „,,„,,. . ,. , - o, „ ,, ,. . Mi , . , . The following is a list of Supervisors who niers, from North Carolina, built his cabm on c .. , „„„„ _ . , _ , . , have served the Township since its organiza- Section 1. In 1828 Daniel Rankin came from & n „„ „ i • j , * j a „ t i .„ n tt„ tion, with the time served by each: Pennsylvania, and located on Section 7. He J was followed in 1829 by John Shelton who W. J. Thompson 1850 settled on Section 8. John Vancil came short- Lewis Prettyman 1851—55 83-1 HISTORY .OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. Jas. Hamson 1856 — 61 James Jampson 1863 — 64 Henry A. Sweet 1865 Jonathan Totten 1866—67 John Schaeffer 1868—69 Moses R. Meeker 1870—7? James H. Kilpatriek 1873—74 Jesse Black 1875—77 John Meyers 1878—82 P. B. Ripper 1883—88 A. Fisher 1888—91 P. W. We yrich 1892 — 95 J. D. Phillips 1896—05 CINCINNATI TOWNSHIP. (24 N. R. 5 W. 3d P. M.) About the year 1834 Commodore Morris of the United States Navy, on behalf of himself and several of the officers belonging to the navy, entered a large portion of the land in Spring Lake, Sand Prairie and Cincinnati town- ships. At that time there were a few settlers scattered here and there. This land was en- tered for speculative purposes. After holding on to it until about 1845, and being disap- pointed as to an expected increase in value, they began to sell it off. The original price paid was- $1.25 per acre, but before it was all disposed of it ran up as high as $15.00 per acre. The two principal streams in this township are Mackinaw River and Lost Creek. The latter derives its name from the fact that it loses itself at times in the sandy soil. In some places not a drop of water cm be seen during the entire summer season, but it again comes to the surface and forms a current. In the northeast part of the township, or: Sections 12 and 1, is a body of water known as Bailey's Lake. It has no outlet, but it is supposed that it finds its way to +he Illinois River beneath the surface. In the eastern part of the township, as it originally existed, are found a number of coal mines. The commission, appointed in 1850 to divide the county into townships, made a full con- gressional township of Cincinnati, including thirty-six sections. Subsequently the northern tier of sections was cut off and added to Pekin Township, and the street known as Broadway, in the city of Pekin, was the original boundary line between Pekin township and Cincinnati. Jonathan Tharp, having built his house some little distance south of the present Illinois Central and Chicago, Peoria, & St. Louis de- pot, in 1824, was the original settler of this township. He laid his farm off into town lots and named his prospective village Cincinnati, whence comes the present name of the town- ship. Pekin was then laid off, and the two places were known as Cincinnati and rekin. Finally they were united under the name of Pekin. In 1826 Jacob Tharp, Sr., erected the second house south of the corner of Broad- way and Court Street. About 1824 Wm. Wood- row settled on the southeast quarter of Section 36. He remained here until 186r, when he removed to Knox County and died there Au- gust 15, 1866, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. They were followed by Robert' T. Copes, Aaron Hackett and his son Dr. Hackett and his son-in-law, and a man by the name of Hinges. Joseph Haines came in 182 1 and lo- cated on Section 13. Samuel and Hugh Wood- row came in 1835 and settled upon Section 35. This township settled up very slowly until 1848, when it took a new start by the sale of the land held by the naval officers about the time of the opening of the Illinois and Michi- gan Canal. The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served in Cincinnati Township since its organization, with the time served by each. Samuel P. Bailey 1850—52 Lemuel Allen 1853 — 54 G. H. Rupert 1855—57 Samuel P. - Bailey 1858 Samuel Woodrow 1859 James Hawkins i860 — -61 John W. Coleman 1863 — 65 James S. Hawkins 1866 Timothy Larimore 1867 — 68 John Eidman 1869 — 72 George Stoehr 1873 — 78 John Eidman 1879 — 81 Geo. Stoehr (failed to qualify) 1882 John Eidman 1882 — 84 Philip S. Ripper 1885—93 Wm. Bell (failed to qualify) 1894 Philip S. Ripper 1894—97 Bennett Bailey (removed) 1898 — 01 Henry Lutz (to fill vacancy) 1903 — 05 HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 835 SPRING LAKE TOWNSHIP. (23 and 24 N. R. 6 W. and 23 N. R. 7 W. 3d P. M.) Spring Lake is the largest township in the county, and is composed of parts of three con- gressional townships. Its western boundary is the Illinois River and its length as a boun- dary line is about 13 miles. Its tillable sur- face resembles that of Cincinnati township, which is described elsewhere in this volume. There is a great deal of unproductive land in the township owing to overflow from the Illinois River, which at times spreads out over several sections in the extreme western part, over what has been called the Spring Lake hunting and fishing ground. The first building in this township was erect- ed on the border of Spring Lake in 1839, by Joseph Offutt. It seems that Mr. Offutt was something of a public-spirited man and bore the expense of the shingles and lumber for the first schoolhouse, which was built in 1849 on Section 11, Township 23 N. R. 7 West. The neighbors hauled logs and Daniel Haw- kins was the first teacher. A man by the name of Woods, who was a Mormon, is said to have preached the first sermon at the resi- dence of a man by the name of Grower. His peculiar religious views met with no encour- agement among the people and, at his second appointment to preach, no one went to hear him. The nearest mill was seventeen miles away from the residence of Louis White, and people in that vicinity would take about two days to go to mill and back. The first school in this neighborhood was taught by a man by the name of Hoagland. The early settlers of this township were sub- jected to many inconveniences not found in other parts of the county. There was no bridge across the Mackinaw by which they could reach Pekin, and a ferry run by John Bequeath was the only means of getting across, and this even was useless in high water. Among the early settlers in the township were Charles Seiwell, Valentine Haas, Maxon Claton, Daniel Devore, James Flemings, the McLeshes and Hibbards. In 1851, Christian Hermann bought a land warrant of John H. Banker, an old veteran of the Mexican War, and settled on the land. Mr. David W. Har- men, we believe, now lives on this farm. Christian Hermann, above referred to, dur- ing the prevalence of the cholera in Pekin — mention of which is made elsewhere — took care of many ot mose afflicted with the dread di- sease and, although constantly with it, did not catch it himself. Benj. Priddy of this township, now deceased for two years, was the first to introduce the Osage orange hedge in this county. He was in Texas about 1846, where the iree grows in a wild state, and saw its qualities as a fence. It was there known as "boy cedar." He sent seed to his friends who planted much of it, and six years later he brought 500 bushels of seed, and its introduction became general. It is well to remark here, that for many years the Osage orange was consid- ered the cheapest and most valuable fence, if properly cared for, that could be made useful in a prairie country. However, at the .pres- ent writing many farmers are pulling it out by the roots. While there is a great deal of it yet in this county, land has become so val- uable it is found that osage fences, running east and west, shade so much of the ground on the north, that it is profitable to replace them with other fencing, which at the pres- ent time is largely made of barbed wire. From Chapman's History we learn that, in an early day, the country was infested by bands of horse-thieves, who were strongly or- ganized. A book recounting their adventures and detailing their crimes, under the title of "The Banditti of the Prairie," was in circula- tion in this vicinity. Abraham Woods had an experience with a member of one of these bands in 1853. A gentlemanly, sociable, clever fel- low, claiming to have plenty of money, and being on his way to California, stopped for dinner. A few days after, he called for break- fast remarking, "Treat a dog well and he is sure to return". Mr. W. was captivated by the charming stranger, who expressed great admiration for two spans of fine horses, a gray and a bay team, which he saw as he passed the barn. He especially admired the grays. A week later, Mr. W. was awakened during the night by the running and whinnying of a horse. He sent his man out to find out what was the matter. The man soon returned with two letters. One had been stuck upon the door, the other was found on the ground. S3G HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. One of the gray horses was gone. One of the letters read as follows: "Oh, avick, shure and its meself thats trying to make a dacent out- fit to go home to Sarah and the childer. As Col. Doniphan said in the Mexican war, I came across your ranche and made bowld to take into service two illegant Gray travellers I found an your premises. I wunst thought of calling and telling you Honor what I was after transacting, but thinking it would be to bad intirely to be Robbing a dacent gentle- men of his Darlings and sweet sleep at the same time I mean, I trust and hope your Dar- lings can travel handsomely, for I shall be af- ter putting them to their trumps, for a while at least, for it's no more than likely you'll be after sending the dirthy spalpeen of a con- stable after me. Bad cess to the likes of him, He'd be asking my name and other unconsti- tutional questions, for what does Will Shakes- peare say, 'That which we call the Rose By any other name would smell as sweet.' "So you perceive that this settles the point at issue. Perhaps you would be mighty well obliged should I tell you my name, place of Residence, and where I am from. Well, your honor, I am from everyplace but this, and shall be from this Just as quick as your Dar- ling's legs can carry me. Now to conclude. Fare ye well, and still forever fare ye well, Hoping your Darling you'll see never, I can swap them or sell. Acushla Mauverneen." The above letter goes to show that the writer was undoubtedly the stranger who had beer, so hospitably received a few days be- fore. As soon as this letter was read, and Mr. W. found his horse gone, he notified his neighbors. Soon a large number of his neigh- bors assembled and prepared for the chase, but ere they had fairly started, the stolen horse returned. It was evident that the thief got alarmed before- he had fairly started. He at- tempted to take both horses, but one had broken loose. It was evident from the other letter found that there was a regular systematic gang of horse-thieves running from here to Texas. It was in a sealed envelope and was directed to Frederick Gamble, Galveston, Texas, forwarded by Patrick Dougherty and contained a promis- sory note for $220 to David C. Jones, of Texas. He states in his letter that "Patrick and Jim have gone in the neighborhood of Pekin to make a raid on fine horses, which they would likely get away with, as Patrick was a good engineer, and knew the country. They would stop the first night with a friend on Salt Creek, thence to W. Davis's, near Carlinville, from there to Chester, where they knew the ferry- man, who would take them across in the night thence proceed with due diligence to Texas." The following is a list of the Supervisors who have served the Township since its or- ganization, and the time served by each: Geo. H. Daniels 1850—51 Elbert Park 1852—53 J. C. Vanorstrand 1854 — 65 Ezekiel Poe 1866—69 Edward Bailey 1870 Daniel Sapp 1871—74 E. A. Van Duesen 1875 Daniel Sapp 1876—83 S. F. Harbaugh 1884—85 Edward Bailey 1886 H. S. Marshall 1887—89 E. D. Golden 1890—92 J. O. Vanorstrand (resigned) 1893 — 98 R. G. Golden 1898—00 W. E. Scott 1891—05 CHAPTER XVII. CITIES AND VILLAGES. CITY OF WASHINGTON — CITY OF DE1.A VAN— VILLAGE OF MACKINAW — VILLAGE OF TREMONT — VILLAGE OF EAST PEORIA— VILLAGE OF MORTON — VILLAGE OF MINIER — VILLAGE OF HOPEDALE — VILLAGE OF GREEN VALLEY — VILLAGE OF ARMINGTON — VILLAGE OF DEER CREEK. CITY OF WASHINGTON. From a history of Washington, compiled by John W. Dougherty, Esq., now deceased, and for many years an attorney at that place, we glean many of the following facts: In 1834, William Holland, Sr., laid out the original town of Washington, being a part of that part of the town lying east of Main Street. The first building erected on the original town- plat was put up by Joseph Kelso, Sr., in April J 834, shortly after his arrival from Indiana. HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 837 It was built on a lot afterward occupied bv Mrs. Catherine McGinnis. Kelso and a Mr. Wagoner had purchased three lots of Holland for $1,550 each, upon a year's credit. That part of the town was heavily timbered and much valuable timber grew in the street >n front of these lots, which, by agreement the person building the first house would be en- titled to use. So Kelso and Wagoner settled the question of who should build first by lot. Fortune, as usual, favored Uncle Joe and he built first. Kelso not only built the first house in the original town, but also opened one of the first farms wholly in the prairie, the other settlers having clung to the timber. No doubt they regarded him as a radical innovator, if not a hero. Present experiencer however, ap- proves his judgment. The same season Styles and Titus Hungerford built the house afterward known as the Sherman House. This brings our narrative down to 1835, where we will leave this branch of it for the pres- ent. We have already shown that William Hol- land, Sr., was the first settler, the first to build a house and improve a farm, and we find him also the first mechanic As such he carried on a blacksmith shop from his first induction into the country for several years. He did a general blacksmith business, and also repaired guns, not only for the white inhabi- tants but also for the Indians, who were then numerous in this part of the State. His was the only shop in town prior to 1835, when Bra- zilla Allee built the large two-story frame build- ing on Main Street. Allee used part of the building for a blacksmith shop and William Spencer used a part of it as a wagon shop. This was the first shop in the town in which wagons were manufactured. Prior to this time, the few wagons used here, were imported. In those early days wagons were a luxury not enjoyed by every one, and the owner of a wag- on was considered particularly fortunate. Trav- eling was done on foot or on horseback, and hauling principally on sleds. Some, however, of the more ingenious citizens, constructed a home-made substitute for a wagon by sawing wheels out of a log of wood and adjusting them to a rude gearing made with an ordinary chop- ping ax. Shortly after his arrival here, Peter P. Scott opened a blacksmith shop near his residence which he carried on for several years.. The manufacture of tinware was first com- menced here by Charles Anthony, in 1848. Be- fore this time, tinware, stoves and stovepipe were brought here and sold by the merchants. The first grist-mill was built by William Hol- land, Sr., in 1827. It was on the Holland homestead, west of his dwelling. It was run by horsepower, and was called a band-mill. It was the only one in the neighborhood, its nearest competitor being located at Elkhart Grove, sixty miles distant. It consisted of one run of burrs. They were procured in Pe- oria for $60, and our informant thinks they were manufactured there. These band-mills were an institution in "those days". They were a cheap simple contrivance, in fact, but still quite expensive when we consider the small amount of money possessed by those pioneers. The mill consisted of one larg3 wheel, the hub or nave of which was a log of wood 8 or 10 feet long, hewed eight square, set in a perpendicular position and supplied with numerous large arms or spokes. The lower end was secured by a pivot, on which it turned, to another timber fastened in the ground, the upper end being secured in like manner to a timber above. The arms or spokes were each supplied with several mova- ble pins, and constituted an adjustable rim upon which the band, made of untanned cow- hide cut in strips, one and a half to two inches wide and rolled into a rope, was stretched. The band was attached directly to the trundle- head by being wound three times around it, this latter precaution being taken to prevent loss of power by the slipping of the band. The numerous pins in the arms were used to take up the slack caused by the stretching qual- ity of the band. The horse, or horses, used were attached to levers arranged in the hub. They worked under the arms, which were sev- eral feet from the ground. The wheel, when ready for use, resembled an enormous clothes- wheel about forty feet in diameter. The bolt- ing was done by hand. The flour produced by this process was a cross between the ex- tra-quadruple X-flour of today and ordinary Graham flour, and no doubt was healthy and nu- tritious. The owner of the mill did not supply the power; the person using it had to furnish ;::s HISTORY OF TAZEWELL' COUNTY. the power. Many persons came fifty miles to this mill, and sometimes had to wait two weeks for their grinding. Some of the first flour, however, made in Washington was made by Lawson Holland, Esq., in 1S26 or 1S27. It was produced by breaking the wheat with a pestle in a mortar, and sifting it through a hand-sieve. The mor- tar was made by excavating or hollowing one end of a log of wood resembling a butcher's block, the other end of which rested firmly in the ground. The pestle was a heavy piece of round timber, the lower end of which was shaped to fit the excavation in the mortar, the upper end being fastened to a spring-pole, which aided in raising the weight of the pes- tle. Near the lower end of this pestle were four cross-pins, or handles, for the use of the operators. This pestle seems to have been de- signed on the principle of a perpendicular bat- tering ram. The idea was perhaps borrowed from the ancients. The hand-sieve spoken of was not the ordinary wire-sieve of these times. It was peculiar to those early days. It was made by drawing a fawn-skin across a wooden hoop, like a drum-head, and perforating the skin with a hot iron rod the size desired. Through these holes in the skin the finer parti- cles of broken grain escaped during the shak- ing process. What remained in the sieve was returned to the mortar and repounded, and then sifted again until all the flour was separated from the bran. By this tedious process Lawson produced the flour mentioned. The band-mill spoken of was the only kind of mill in this part of the country until 1836 or 1837, when William Kern built a flouring mill near the site of what was afterwards Jac- quln's Brewery. As a financial venture this first mill proved a failure. The next flouring mill was built by A. H Danforth & Co., in 1845. It was the first brick building erected in Washington. The bricks used in its structure were made by Dan- forth near the site of the mill. Although this was the first brick building in the town, bricks had been manufactured here by Hamilton Rid- dle as early as 1837. They were used for building chimneys, cellars, etc. The first school taught in Washington was a subscription school. It was taught by George H. Shaw, who was traveling through the country prospecting, and stopped for the night with William Holland, Sr., where, owing to the severity of the weather (it being winter), he remained till spring. Holland soon dis- covered Shaw's fitness, engaged him to teach and gave him, as compensation, his board, washing and horse-teed, — rather slender com- pensation, as it made no provision for clothing. This school was taught during the winter of 1827 and 1828. Tae building was afterwards used by Lawson Holland as a dwelling. Hol- land subsequently employed Shaw as a sur- veyor when he laid out the original town. The first marriage in the neighborhood was that of Mr. James Hendricks and Miss Sallie Redman, a daughter of John Redman. It was solemnized sometime in 1829 or 1830, but whether by a Minister of the Gospel or a Jus- tice of the Peace we are not informed. The first funeral was that of a child of Henson Thomas. The child was buried in the graveyard on the Squire Baker farm. The funeral service was performed by the Rev. Zadock Hall. The first adult buried here was a Mr. Pem- brock, a stranger who had stopped on account of illness at the residence of William Heath, where he died. He was buried in the bury- ing ground above mentioned. The first physician who located here was Dr. R. T. Goodwin. He came from Vermont in 1832, where he had studied medicine with Dr. G. P. Wood. He was a successful physician and also a good business man. He and Dr. G. P. Wood were, for several years, partners in business, and were the proprietors of Goodwin & Wood's Addition to Washington. Previous to Goodwin's location here each man was his own doctor. The principal medi- cine used was white walnut bark. It was peeled upward, if desired as an emetic, and downward if its cathartic effect was required. Boneset, also, was used as a remedy for "fever and ager." In 1833 James Huggins came from North Carolina. He had learned wagon-making in the same shop in which Holland worked at blacksmithing. He lived here for many years and practiced medicine. In 1860 he removed to Peoria and died there in 1870. He and Holland both lived to be old men, without any break in their early friendship. HLSTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 839 The first lawyer to gain foothold in this new community was Thornton Walker, from Virginia. At what precise time he came, or how long he remained, our informant does not know; nor have we any further reliable in- formation in regard to him. In 1829, William Holland and William Thompson were elected to the office of Justice of the Peace for the Precinct. They were among the first elected in this county. Their territorial jurisdiction was co-extensive with the boundaries of the county, which, then, em- braced the territory east of the Illinois River, and extended northward to Chicago and south- ward to the border of Morgan County, which then embraced what is now Cass County. The first member of the Board of County Commissioners from this place was James Har- vey. He was succeeded by Benjamin Mitchell. Prior to this time, however, and while this legion was attached to Peoria county, for gov- ernmental purposes, William Holland was a member of the Board of County Commission- ers. A special election was held on March 2d, 1878, to vote for or against organizing under the general law, which was carried by a major- ity of eighty-three votes. The following city officers were elected on the 16th of April, 1878; Mayor, Peter Pifer; City Clerk, Eli Heiple; City Attorney, J. W. Dougherty; City Treasurer, T. C. Sonneman; Member of Board Supervisors, W. B. Hervey; Aldermen — 1st Ward, Henry Mahle and D. J. Chaffer; 2d Ward— Lawson Holland and Henry Denhart; 3rd Ward— Ernst Rapp and James Cameron. The first City Coun- cil met April 18, 1878. Ever since its organization the city has been thoroughly alive and the public spirit of its citizens has been notable in the character of local improvements and the progressive energy of its business interests. It has excellent rail- way facilities afforded by the Toledo, Peoria & Western, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the Chicago & Alton Railways, giving it communication with outside points in all directions. It has a water-works system owned by the city; also an electric light plant as well as telephone exchanges. Considerable work has been done in paving the streets. The public square has been paved for several years, as well as South Main street, and there is a pe- tition before the City Council for paving two more principal streets. The present city officers are ; Mayor, D. J. Chaffer; Clerk, John Watson; Treasurer, E. F. Meyers; Attorney, Chas. A. Waltmire; Police Magistrate, Josiah Snyder; Aldermen, Wm. Lung, Christian Strubhar, W. A. Pfeiffer, George W. Stimson, Emanuel Garber and Wil- liam Rinkenberger. Schools. — The schools in Washington, for more than a quarter of a century, have been considered among the best in Central Illinois. The people take especial pride in educational matters, and fortunately have sought the best teaching talent they could find. About the middle seventies their present school building was built at a cost of $20,000. It is supplied with all modern improvements in the way of heating, ventilation and furni- ture. There is a primary school, located a little west of the business portion of the town, which is also modern in its appointments. It is taught by Miss Mary Italin, who for many years has done most valuable work in the primary grade. The schools of Washington are organized under a provision of the General Statute, whereby a School Board shall consist of six members, with a President who simply presides at the meetings of the Board, but is not one of its members. The present Board con- sists of George M. Stimson, Secretary; W. A. Pfeiffer, R. F. Tanton, E. L. Meyers, John P. Wrenn and George Heyle, with Rev. D. F. Thomas as President. It is note-worthy that, under the management of this Board, the schools of Washington have reached a high standard of excellence, and no reasonable ex- pense has been spared to place them in the front rank of graded schools in Central Illin- ois. The School Board is perfectly indepen- dent in its official work, and has an eye single to the good of the schools. The teachers for 1904-05 are: J. H. Heinzelman, Superintendent; L. I. Knight, Principal; Katherine Harms, Em- ma Vorhees, Nellie McTaggart, Ida Burlin- game, Mary Italin, Sophia Duerlop, Miss Heid- erich. The following is the list of the graduates of the Washington High School: Class of 1876 — Charlotte Wells, Belle Cam- eron, Clara Crane, Mary Italin. Class of 1880 — Mary Cameron. 840 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Class of 1881. — Angie Benford, Lizzie Gorin, Mate Maffitt. Class of 1882 — Carrie McDonald, Frank Neitz. Class of 1883 — Lizzie Rickman, Frances Crow, Lizzie Van Meter, Anna Vorhees, Ber- tha Nafzinger, Mary J. Hill, Lou Cameron. Class of 1884 — Ida Pierce, Clara Vorhees, Mamie Bratt, Ida Parsons, Kate Harms, Nel- lie Gorin, Carrie Gibson, Lulu Mostoller. Class of 1885 — Cassie Danforth, Leva A. Crane, Telva B. Andrews, Neil Crane, Hattie Zinser, Tina Van Meter, Harry L. Zinser. Class of 1886 — John Andrews, Louisa Port- man, Theodore Rhoem, Hattie Shepard, Kate Miles, Robert Cornelison, Mary McDonell, Lynn Hornish. Class of 1887 — Mary Hartwell, Hattie Freder- ick, Cora Huddleston, Julia W. Smith, Clara Alphonso, Bertha Small. Class of 1888 — Edith Dougherty, Asa Dan- forth, Josie North, Eugene Fuessle, Louis Kel- so. Class of 1890 — Lillie Long, Edgar Bondu- rant, Herman Danforth. George Wehner, Plu- tella Chaffer, Laura Cress, Oresto Ferner, Frank Rickman. Class of 1891 — Mattie Dougherty, Luella Cress, Willie Van Meter. Class of 1892 — Jessie Enos, Violet Crane, Christie Wohlgemuth, Susie McDonell, Nina Magarity, Prudence Schmuck, Fannie Watson, Laura Rickman, Harriett Heiple. Class of 1893. — Paul Busse, Amy Shaffer, Maona Cress, Pearl Long, Clara Neitz, Harry Graham, Viola Cress, Lula Hornish, Dora Web- ber, Clara Stormer, Hattie Rickman, Mary Smith, Josephine Witte. Class of 1894 — Avis Price. Mary Stormer, Fannie Price, Jessie Waring, Josephine Chaf- fer, Anna Andrews, Mary Danforth, Edith Welch, Rae Crane, Fred Kehr, Ralph Weirick, Atta Habben, Frank Thomas, Emma Vorhees, Eloise Allen. Class of 1895. — Emma Miller, Samuel McClug- gage, Ollie Berney, Charlie Wehner, Susie Al- len, Ida Birkett, Willie Gott, Mary Bullock, Susie Wagner, Sadie Glabe, Bessie Minch. Class of 1896— Etta Smith, Grace Corbin, Mary Watson, Laura Dougherty, Dora Holland, Celia Baylor, May Cassell, Lynn Kent, Marion Wilson. Class of 1897 — Carolina Price, Roy Smith, Maude Hugill, Ethel Keene, Edna Hoover, Pearl Rapp, John McCluggage, Roy Zinser, Blanche Stoll, Clara Schaeber, Elizabeth Weirick, Har- old Jones, Harry Mason, Ethel Cress. Class of 1898. — Carrie Harms, Florence Bay- ler, Dean Cassell, Louisa Miller, Effie Downing, Dave McCluggage, Jessie Holland, Tommie Holland, Frank Stormer, Nellie Watson, Frank Cramer, Anna Haas. Class of 1899 — Eva Lonnecker. Bessie Rapp, Katherine Witte, Anna Stahl, Mary Weiser, Clyde Smith, Edith Yale, Marie Wrenn, Mabel Armstrong, Gertrude Heiple, Ada Zinser, Wil- lie Blumenschein. Class of 1900 — Jennie Holland, Laura Devine, Bessie Birkett, Callie Eddy, Clyde Strubhar, Gertrude Wilson, Mabel Whitehill, Ella F. Harms, Clara Keil, Mary Rapp, Gertrude Carl- son, Mae Reynolds, Beatrice Cockbill, Viola Bamber. Class of 1901 — Maude Heiple, Hulda Minch, Harry Birkett, Dolly Birkett. May Heiple, Roy i.iiller, Martha bn ..eit, Bertha Kraus, Nellie Wilkinson. Class of 1903 — Beulah Hornish, Elsie Wrenn, Maude Andrews, Alice Pifer, Elna Stolb, Hat- tie Carlson, Eunice Zaneis, Laura Kice, Regie Sensenbaugh, Gusta Blumenschein. Class of 1904 — Hattie Holland, Theresa Jac- q'uin, Elsie Heyl, Ruby Rapp, George Danforth. CITY OF DELAVAN. Delavan was laid off by Henry Green, of the Delavan Association, and plat recorded Febru- ary 1, 1841. It is located at what is now the junction of the Chicago & Alton and the Illinois Central Railroads, the latter originally the Pe- oria, Dectaur & Evansville Railroad. The vil- lage was incorporated in 1858, but opposition to the movement was so strong that the Trustees elected failed to qualify and not until October 2, 1865, was the corporation established to in- clude the old town proper and its platted addi- tions. The first Board of Trustees were E. O. Jones, President; L. P. Flynt, Clerk; J. C. Appleton, Stephen C. Hobart, William B. Orrell and P. Clark. J. H. Upham was City Marshal; M. Vaughn, Collector; and D. L. Whittemore was the Treasurer. The village was re-incorporat- ed, under a new statute, in July, 1872, with the following Trustees; Theo. Van Hague, President; Wm. H. Phillips. Clerk; P. B. Stock- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 841 well, Henry Kingman, John Carr, Andrew Stubbs and John Warren. The subject of license or no license for sa- loons has been constantly before the peo- ple of Delavan, ever since its organization. In 1875, '76 and '77 saloon licenses were granted, but in 1878 there was no license, and in 1879 the Board was unanimous against authorizing the sale of liquor. The conditions have al- ternated from time to time until within re- cent years, when a license party has had con- trol of a majority of the Board of Aldermen. In 1888 Delavan was incorporated as a city. There are at the present time four wards, each ward having a representation of two members in the City Council. The present officers are; Mayor, Dr. Nathan Holmes; City Clerk, R. J. Sunderland; City Treasurer, William Landard; City Attorney, J. O. Jones. The Aldermen are: Eugene Orendorf, Charles A. Varney, Dr. A. I. McClay, J. J. Franks, J. D. Taylor and J. T. Huf- ty. Delavan has long been noted for the beauty of its location, the culture of its people, and for its high social and intellectual standards. Its location in the center of one of the most productive agricultural regions in Central Illi- nois has been peculiarly fortunate. "Delavan Prairie" is known by those who have ever seen it as one of the most beautiful areas to be found anywhere. The City is up-to-date and progressive in the matter of improvements. It is lighted by elec- tricity and has a system of water-works that is able to meet the demand of the townspeople and, in times of drouth, it has supplied the im- mediate vicinity. It is a place of beautiful homes, well kept lawns, and its various social organizations give it a life peculiarly its own, and sustain its high reputation for culture, sociability and pro- gressive home life. The Tazewell County Fair Association is lo- cated in Delavan since its organization, and the history of it will be found elsewhere in this work. The church history will be found in the his- tory of the township. Its educational facilities for many years have been among the best in Central Illinois, and this is no disparagement to the many other excellent schools found in this part of the State. At one time during the history of this county, about the year 1886, the Delavan High School furnished one-seventh of the entire teaching force in Tazewell County, and the work done in our public schools by the gradu- ates of the Delavan School has afforded a fair indication of its progressive excellence. Up to 1871 the schools of the city were lo- cated in several different buildings, but in that >ear a fine brick edifice was erected at a cost of about $25,000, and was occupied by the schools in the fall. In the following December it was destroyed by fire, and another building after the same design was erected in 1872. The insurance on the old building was $22,000 and the new house was erected at a cost to the District of only $300. Additions have since been made, and the school is supplied with all the furniture and equipment necessary in the progress of modern education. The teaching force for the year ending June 1904 were: E. A. Cross, Superintendent; C. D. Garlough, Principal; Rosa Tomm. Genevieve Gilruth, Elizabeth Gillan, Mrs. Mae Cross, Louise Hayes, Katherine James, Ellyn Young, Alice Hazen, Cora Warne, Lora Werner, Nel- lie Stubbs. The following is a list of the graduates of the High School, with addresses so far as known : Class of 1876. — Rose R. (Anderson) Her- pich, McPherson. Kans. ; Mary R. Appleton, No. 7 Jefferson St., Providence, R. I.; M. Allien (Brawner) Landers, 679 So. 13th St., Denver, Colo.; Minnie C. (Bryant) McKinstry, Dela- van, 111.; Mary L. (Jones) Orendorff (deceas- ed); Alice C. (Lawton) Holmes, Larned, Kans.; Fred T. Lawton, Newton. Kans.; Julia C. (Mil- ler) Garrett, Batavia, 111.; Allie M. (Ray) Lilli- bridge, 643 S. Main St., Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; Emily A. (Sherman) Boyer, Normal, 111.; Esten Vaughn, Fairfield, Iowa; Mary (Vaughn) Lowe, Fitchburg, Mass.; Jane L. Young, Eureka Springs, Ark. Class of 1877. — Sarah E. Burlingame, Ginn &. Co., Chicago, 111.; Josie C. Ford, 4206 Calu- met Ave., Chicago, 111.; Zella Campbell (de- ceased) ; Emma A. (Gale) May, 3760 Rhodes Ave., Chicago, 111.; Annie S. Newman. 338 57th St., Chicago, 111. Class of 1878, — Estelle M. (Barnes) Newhall, 92 Lake St., Chicago, 111.; Ella M. (Buckman) Schureman, Normal, 111.; M. Lizzie Hopkins (deceased); Louise I. Maclay, 504 N. Monroe 8-12 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. St.. Peoria, 111.; Annie E. (Orendorff) Tarbell, Groveland, 111.; Grace E. Orendorff, Delavan, 111. Class of 1879. — Elia (Campbell) Whitman, Swatow, China; Celia B. (Culbertson) Meeker, Delavan, 111.; Nellie V. (Hall) Tucker, Daven- port, Iowa; Samuel C. Newman, Kenosha, Wis.; Alice A. (Stubbs) Starz, Ashland, 111.; Annie M. (Sunderland) Tobias, 520 Armington Ave., Teoria, 111. Class of 1880. — Mariam (Bailey) Waltmire (deceased), Delavan, 111.; Eva M. Burlingame, China; Anna M. Hopkins, 380 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, 111.; Minnie B. (Jones) Pratt, 948 Spaulding Ave., Chicago, 111. ; Emma E. (Lux) Reed. Parsons, Kans.; Willie (Young) Murphy (deceased) Class of 1881; — Ida Clark, Chicago, 111.; Ar- thur F. Gooch, 724 N. 21st St., So. Omaha, Neb.; Hettie (Haines) Sanderson, Carthage, Mo.; Mary (Miller) Giles, Claflin, Kan.; Bes- sie (Reed) Stubbs, 2714 Chicago Ave., Minne- apolis, Minn.; Rosa A. Tomm. Delavan, 111.; Virginia B. (Watkins) Lormor, Heyworth, 111. Class of 1882-^Fannie B. (Hall) Nichols, Delavan, 111.; Louise M. Hayes, Delavan, 111.; Ella S. Hoghton, Pueblo, Colo.; Stella I. (Hogh- ton) Wayne, Delavan, 111.; Nina H. (Phillips) Kimler, Delavan, 111.; Armilda O. (Wiseman) Darnell, Armington, 111.; William V. Tefft, Ob- servatory Bldg., Peoria, 111. Class of 1883.— Carrie M. (Burlingame) But- terfield, Delavan, , 111.; Charles B. Orendorff, 198 LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.; Hattie M. (Pat- ton) Nicoll, Pierce City. Mo.; Jennie E. (Scott) Waltmire, Delavan, 111.; Alice M. (Wil- liams) Scott, Maroa, 111. Class of 1884. — Alice M. (Disbrow) Lomax, 511 Mesa Ave., El Paso, Tex.; Henry Pawson, Delavan, 111. Class of 1885. — Jennie VanHague, Delavan, 111.; Emily V. (Askren) Mock, Chicago, 111.; Louise S. Askren (deceased) ; Frances (Suti- derland) Albertson, Delavan, ill. Class of 1886.— Sarah (James) Stumbaugh, Delavan, 111.; Chas. A. Jennings, Mexico; Kate (Beatty) Hopkins, Delavan, 111.; Lila Hopkins, Chicago, 111.; Fred Newman, N. K. Fairbanks Co.. Chicago, 111. Class of 1887. — Albert Schureman, 219 Sev- enth St., Peoria, 111.; Ella G. Dingevan; Lulu B. Jennings, San Diego, Cal., Roseville Box; Lottie E. (Storms) Hackney, Delavan, 111.; Richard Scott, Delavan, 111.; Ella Davis, Dela- van, 111.; Carrie L. (Bailey) Witten (deceased), 603 E. 28th St., Kansas City, Mo.; Lizzie (Stockwell) Swanzely; Mary L. Garrett; Troy H. Franklin (deceased) ; Mary O. (Day) Sam- ples; Mary H. (Glasheen) Blackburn. Class of 1888.> — Emma Bailey, Lizzie V. (Car- ter) Drury, Addie Place, Ursula (Hardy) Jes- sen (deceased). Class of 1889. — Jesuliu B. (Orendorff) Ful- ton, Jessie Hopkins, Eva Mae Ford, Bertha E. Bourgoin, Ida M. Burlingame, Alice C. (Ward) Shotwell, Lulu C. (Tomm) Selleck, Gretta Glasheen, Jennie C. (Miller) Davidson, Es- telle E. Baldwin (deceased). Class of 1890. — Eliza (Tefft) Brown, Tennie (Reinheimer) Lindauer, Starr H. Beatty, Olive A (Nichols) Lovett, Maggie Mae (Bailey) Al- len, Gustave Strouse. Class of 1891. — Laura M. (Holmes) Starz, Bertha M. (Reinheimer) Syman, Ella (Jen- nings) Beatty. Class of 1892. — Laura Mason, Olive G. Reid, Nellie (Orendorff) Wood Fannie E. ("Starz) Ruple, Birdie (Perry) Mowry. Class of 1893. — Carrie J. Samples, Mary R. Jackson, Karl Neumann, Elizabeth (TJnland) Rhodes, Isabel Norton (Holmes) Smaile, Gen- evieve (Cobean) Warne, Albert G. Brown, Em- ma Mae (Humbert) McCrea, Chas. E. Hall. Class of 1894. — John W. Beatty. Minnie M. Garlick (deceased), Troy E. Hardy, Katherine James, Marc B. Shurtz, Arch H. Sunderland. Class of 1895. — Clara G. (Ambrose) Fiazier, Bertha Baldwin, Belle Duncan, Carrie Lam- phear, Lillian (Reinheimer) Alshuler, Florence E. (Wallace) Bailey, Charles E. Coddington, Bertha L. Brown, Mabelle L. (Bailey) High- ton (deceased), Nellie F. Glasheen, Ida (Perry) Few, Rachel Snider, Elmer TJnland, Hal Paw- son. Class of 1896. — Anna Hufty, Rose Tefft, Jes- sie (Snider) Patton, Charlotte Holmes, Kath- ryn (Hall) Stubbs, William Reardon, Richard Garrett, Cora Warne, Bertha Stubbs, Carrie Reinheimer, Nellie Meers, Myrtie (Kingman) Beatty, Harry Albrecht, Walter Few. Class of 1897.— Ethel M. Patton, Edith (Orndorff) Woodrow, Dora A. (Quigley) Cas- sady, Jessie L. Holmes, Rosanna M. Varney, Emily K. Sutherland, Milton Strouse, Charles M. Davidson, John P. Garin, Geo. B. Robinson, Roscoe Unland. HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 843 t C i aSS / f ^ 9S -r Etura < Starz ) Fla SSe, Edna liam H. Hodge completed the survey of the J. Meeker, Edith L. Allen, Eena R. Montgom- town, and the clerk of the Board of Conimis- ery (deceased), Lulie B. (i,aBee) Msher, Lora sioners, Mordecai Mobley, was ordered to have H. (Wilson) Hoghton, Josie Meers, Martha P. an advertisement inserted in the "Sangamon Sunderland, Josephine A. Briggs, Clara Brawn- Spectator" for three weeks' advertising a pub- *' xr ^^l DavldSOn ' Adah R Morrls . Chas. hc sale of lots in Mackinaw, to be held on the Nine, Edward J. Doud, Jessie Bennett, Ev- second Monday in June, 1827. He was also erett Hardy, Holland Foote, Thomas B. Briggs, ordered to have one hundred hand bills printed Jr Benjamin Pawson, Robert R. Wallace, John for circulation. On the 11th day of June the A. Varney, Fred H. Coriell. sale took place Lotg were gold on a ^^ o£ Class of 1899.-Grace Tenniswood, Hannah four, six and eight months. Matthew Robb Kennedy. Charles Keyes, Edna (Place) Wil- .. criemas Dillon 2 1 29.50 Class of 1902,-Pearl (Adams) Allen, Auna John Funk 3 1 15 ' 25 Shotwell, John Francis Veale, Clarence N william Gilston ■■•• 4 1 9 - 00 Shade, Agnes Louise Taylor, Francis Xavier Robert McClure 35.00 Wright, Albert L. Culbertson. Matthew Robb 4 6 15.26 Class of 1903,-Emma B. Gillmore, Margaret Mordecai Moble y ■ • ■ • 2 6 45 ■ 00 E. Dowd, Letta E. Cruse, Ella F. Frank, Olga Richard Latham 6 6 23 - 00 J. Patzer, Henry Brawner, Grace Pawson, Eli Redman 8 6 20 - 00 Grace E. Beatty. Ella B. Sanford, Alice M. Abrabam Dillon ■■■■ 1 7 85 - 00 Musick, Gerald G. F. Reardon. Thomas Dillon 2 7 42 . 50 Class of 1904,-Jonathan B. Allen, Eugene X B - Harbert 3 7 30 - 00 Henry Armacost. Ellen L Connell, Grace Cor- Daniel Dillon • • " ' 4 9 83 ' 00 lell, Josephine Mabel Jackson, Frank M. Orn- Hugh U Welch 3 & 46 ' 75 dorff, Ella L. Neumann, William F. Ryan. Isaac Punk 2 9 34 - 50 George D. Corwine, Fannie G. Hallman, Ruth James Lurley " 1 9 35 ' 00 c tt„„* t^ i -tir u T T * t ^ ,, „ Joal Hiett 4 10 35.00 S. Heaton, Frank Wyatt Hatten, John B. San- t n „,i -ntr;ii-„_„ tt uf t i» i.i T-i rr, t i William Council 3 10 23.00 ford, William H. Shipton, Mable E. Trone, John u . „ „ ... _ . , , ., Abraham Funk 6 11 44.25 Mars Trowbridge, Edward L. Varney. Martin Porter 5 11 15.00 VILLAGE OF MACKINAW. Jonas H. Hittle 8 7 25.00 Some of the most important historical events Jacob Judy • • • • 7 7 20 ' 50 in the . early history of this county are con Tbos - Brl Sgs 5 9 11 . 00 nected with the village of Mackinaw. This Hy - Stillman 1 6 85.00 old town is located at the junction of the "Big Samuel Jud y 6 9 15 - 00 Four" and Vandalia Railways, about three- For the sale of these lots, on June 26, 1827, Quarters of a mile from the Mackinaw River. the proprietor of the "Sangamon Spectator" As stated elsewhere in this volume, on the brought in his bill for advertising the same. second day of March, 1827, the county-seat of The notice was inserted six times in his pa- Tazewell County was located on the site of per, and in addition he had printed 100 blank the present village by County Commissioners notes, 100 blank bonds and 100 hand-bills. The Job Fletcher, William Lee D. Ewing and Tom price charged was $16.62 1-2. It may be of M. Neil. On May 20th, County Surveyor Wil- interest to the present generation to know S-U- H1ST0RY OF TAZEWELL COUA'TY. that the half cent was a part of a "bit" piece, and that a "bit" was 12 1-2 cents. Had the bill read, "sixteen dollars and Ave bits," the Honorable Court would have understood it just the same. The particulars with reference to the con- struction of the Court House will be found in another chapter of this work. It is recorded that George Hittle, one of the Commissioners, was allowed $1.50 for helping lay off the town, and $1.25 for money expended for whiskey on the day of the sale of the lots. It is said that the Court House rested on piling a few feet from the ground, and that hogs, running loose, found beneath it quite a basin often filled with water, furnishing a very comfortable wallow- ing place during the summer. The floor, hav- ing been laid of green oak, soon shrunk, leav- ing large cracks between the puncheons. The county-seat was removed from Mackinaw in 1831 and brought to Pekin, as stated elsewhere. It seems that this was the result of an act of the Legislature, passed December 25, 1830, whereby the County of Tazewell was divided and McLean County formed therefrom; and the same act appointed a committee, consist- ing of William Porter, John T. Stuart and Mil- ton Chilton to relocate the county-seat, which resulted in the removal to Pekin. Thus it will be seen that Mackinaw was. at one time, a point of historical interest. People from Chi- cago used to come there to attend Court. Prior to the construction of the railways it was a half-way station on the stage route between Bloomington and Pekin. The trip from one town to the other was made in a day, so that every alternate day communication could be bad with either of these towns. At the present time the municipal adminis- tration of the village is carried on under the general law for organization of villages. The officers of the village are: H. J. Puterbaugh, President, and Roy L. Hittle, Clerk. The question of license and anti-license is always a live one. in the village of Mackinaw, and is passed upon at the election of village officers every spring. The temperance element is quite strong, and, as a rule, of late years, the village is without a saloon, but every now and then the license party triumphs in the election of Village Trustees and saloons are again in operation. The village is furnished with electric lights and a system of water-works. The history of its churches is given in connection with the history of the township. There are many pleasant homes in Mack- inaw, erected by retired farmers and others. Its citizens have two marked characteristics — they are true to their friends, and never allow their enemies, if they have any, to trouble them very long at a time. Mackinaw has an excellent modern school building and a good school. The list of teach- ers for 1903 embraced the following names: Roy P. Webster, Principal; Ben. L. Smith, Anna Shellenberger, Metta Puterbaugh, Mollie Hammond. The following is the list of graduates of the Mackinaw public school: Class of 1892. — Bertha Sparks. Class of 1893. — Wilbur Shellenbarger, Leslie Sparks, Joseph Jackson, Delia Puterbaugh, Manona Pitman, Carrie Whisler, Lena Judy, Katie Boj'le. Class of 1894. — Claude Sparks, Anna Barton, Anna Broadhead, Alta Million, Ethel Puter- baugh, Myrtle Search, Anna Shellenbarger. Class of 1895. — Hugh Hover. Class of 1896.— Frank Aulger, Roy Hittle, John Layton, Roscoe Hill, Frank Smith, Pearl Bachman, Emma Freitag, Lelia Sparks, Eddice Dunham. Class of 1897. — Alberta Long. Iva Morris. Class of 1898.— Eniile Patterson, Stella Boso, Lulu Petty, Minnie Shaffer. Class of 1899.— Elmer Powers, Clark Simp- son, Ben Smith, Ben Sparks, Jennie Jones, Met- tie Puterbaugh, Erne Wills, Luella Miller, Mary Porter. Class of 1900. — Alwin Petty, Colin Campbell John Smith, Delia Genseal, Molly Hammond. Class of 1901. — John Allen, James Layton, Ray Puterbaugh, Laura Huff, Betty Jarred, Mamie Russell, Sallie Sparks. Class of 1902.— Frank Wills, Phillip Smith. Class of 1903. — Georgia Phillips, Ethel Cook, T. N. Smith, Roy Pepper. No class in 1904. VILLAGE OF TREMONT. By Miss Beth Ames Cody. According to history, the first white men to make a home within the borders of what is HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 845 now Tazewell County, were the explorer, La Salle, and his party, who, in 1680, were com- pelled, on account of winter's setting in, to provide themselves with shelter and protection until spring. This they died by building a rude fort, which they named Creve-Coeur, on the "Narrows" opposite and above the present City of Peoria. (This is an expression of another opinion as to the location of this fort. Miss Cody is a grand-daughter of Col. A. J. Davis of Tremont, and it is likely that she locates the fort at the "Narrows" at his suggestion, as I understand he maintains that the "Narrows" is not far from the correct site. — Ed.) Many years later, a party of French traders established a trading post where Wesley City is now located. This post was maintained a great many years, and continued to be an im- portant trading point for a number of years after settlers came to the vicinity of Tremont. Could we have visited this locality in 1820, we would have viewed a landscape of surpass- ing beauty and richness, for Nature, with lav- ish hand, had spread out wide, waving prairies, timber bordered creeks and rivers, with here and there wooded hills and wplands. At this time the only inhabitants were Indi- ans; and their settlements were scattered along the eastern and southern sides of tim- bered streams. These Indians were largely de- scendants from tribes belonging to the Five Nations, and were disposed to be friendly to the incoming whites. About 1830 the most of them had removed to points on the Mississippi, but many continued to return to this locality to hunt and trap during the winter seasons as late as 1838. While here they would send their children to the schools with the children of the early settlers. On the Menard farm in Elm Grove township, we can still find remains of their camp fires and rudely constructed houses. The first white settler in the vicinity of Tre- mont was a man named Chapman. He built a cabin near Pleasant Grove, but shortly after moved into Tremont Township, living on the place where William Broyhill afterwards lived, (wo and one half miles east of the village. In 1823 Thomas Briggs and Hezekiah Davis came from Sangamon County, and established them- selves as Indian traders two miles northwest of Tremont, near Pleasant Grove. With them they brought a barrel of whiskey, some calico and a few blankets and trinkets — articles for which the Indians were always eager to barter their furs and skins. At about the same time Messrs. William Davis, Nathan Dillon and Mar- tin Miars located a few miles southeast of Tre- mont, and in 1830 Wm. Sterling moved to the farm now owned by Mr. Cottingham. Mr. Ster- ling was the first permanent settler in Tre- mont Township, but in 1831 came Wm. Lack- land, William and James Broyhill, Messrs. Owen and Trout, all of whom located east of Tremont in the a icinity afterwards known as Tennessee Point. A daughter of William Lackland, now Mrs. Stephen Stout, of Axtell, Kan., was the first white child born in Tremont township. In the year 1833, John H. Harris and Josiah L. James came from New York to Central Illi- nois on a prospecting tour. On the journey home Mr. James suggested that they organize a colony and emigrate to the West, a proposi- tion enthusiastically received by Mr. Harris, who immediately upon his arrival at home, be- gan to solicit his friends to join them in the organization of the proposed colony. Their en- thusiasm was evidently contagious, for it was not long before a meeting was held at the Wal- don House in New York City, and a committee consisting of John H. Harris, William Samp- son and Josiah L. James was chosen to decide upon the location for the colony. This com mittee chose the present site for our village of Tremont, and, on their return, made known their decision to those interested, whereupon the organization was effected and the final ar- rangements made. John H. Harris was chosen treasurer. In 1835 about forty families, or fifty persons, started for the new settlement, mak- ing their journey in wagons and bringing with them but little furniture and the barest neces- saries of life. But, like many others who have gone out into the wilderness, they were men rnd women cast in heroic mold,, strong and brave, willing to leave behind all religious, so- cial and educational privileges, to face hard- ships and dangers, and to bear privations, so that in the future they might enlarge their holdings, and establish new homes for their families. On February 2, 1835, Mr. Harris, as treasurer of the colony, paid $18,600 to the L'nited States land office in Springfield, for HU\ HTSTOEY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. ninety-three quarter sections or 14,880 acres of land. The town of Tremont was laid out in 1835 by Messrs, Harris, James and Sampson. They planned on a magnificent scale, evidently ex- pecting the town to grow into a place of great importance. Those men located the pub- lic square for a park, and laid out large lots with broad streets and alleys. The original land-patents were made out in the names of these men and were signed by Martin Van Euren. The colonists chose their town lots and farm holdings surrounding the town, by drawing lots, the prices having been previously determined upon. Those drawing corner lots and more valu- able farms had to pay a premium for the same. The committee deeded the lots, etc., to the in- dividuals who purchased the respective hold- ings. The Public Square was paid for out of the general fund, and was given to the town for Park purposes. On the 25th of July in that same year, a vote was taken to decide whether the town should be incorporated or not. When the ballots were counted it was found that twenty-eight votes had been cast for incorpora- tion and one against it; so in 1836 Tremont was incorporated as a town. On Tuesday eve- ning August 22, 1836, a meeting was held at the school-house to choose the first trustees of the town. These were Philip Flagler, Coles Tompkins, Palmer Holmes, J. C. Morgan and Richard S. Updike. After the town had been laid out, considerable rivalry sprang up as to who should be the first to get building material, and Nathan Kinsey delivered the first load of timbers. Several houses were started at about the same time, but the first to be completed was the old house that, until a few years ago, stood where Mr. Spalding's residence now is. Soon after Mr. Hobart's house and the house occupied by Mr. Carter were completed. The hotel buliding, on the lot where Mr. Bellinger's residence is, and which burned a few years ago, was built in 1835, and soon after the Hamil- ton Hotel, in the County-seat addition, was erected.' The first school-house was also built in 1835, the money being obtained by subscription. This is the old building which now stands west of the Liberal Church, on the lot belonging to Mr. Bailey. It originally stood a few feet east of the store-building now occupied by Mr. Per- ry In 1836 Philander Dean received one dollar for hanging the bell and furnishing the iron for the same. The school was maintained by subscription, and Mr. Parker was the first teacher. The school-house was afterwards en- larged, Mr. Kellogg and an assistant teacher, Miss Cole, of New England, taking charge of the two rooms. The next teacher was Mr. Eze- kiel Foster, Later, Mr. Kellogg opened a pri- vate school in a building on the south part of the lot on which their house now stands. It v. as at this time that the people felt the need of better opportunities for the girls of the com- munity, and money was raised for the erection of a Young Ladies' Seminary building. The land upon which this building was situated was donated by Mr. Updike. The seminary flour- ished for a number of years, maintained chiefly by subscription. The first teachers were the Misses Harriet and Abbey Kingsbury; later teachers were Mrs. Bunnell, Miss Morse and Miss Ruth Fenner. The school finally dwin- dled down and, at its close, a new school was conducted by Mr. Snow, wife and sister in the old Court House. • They were Kentuckians and a number of young men came from Kentucky to attend this school. On July 12, 1835, the State Legislature ap- pointed a committee to locate permanently the county-seat of Tazewell County. This committee was composed of John Calhoun, of Sangamon County, James Gaylord, of Putnam County, and Isaac C. Pugh, of Macon County. This commission came to Tremont in 1835, where they met Mr. John H. Harris, who offered to donate to the county twenty acres just south of town, now known as the County Seat Addi- tion. This proposition was made in order to secure the county-seat at Tremont, and, in addi- tion to this, the citizens donated $2,000 for the erection of the public buildings. The com- missioners accepted these propositions, and in the course of time the county-seat was moved from Mackinaw to Tremont. On December 11, 1835, a one-story frame building, 18 by 24 feet, was ordered erected for a County Clerk's office, and the contract was let to Theo. Fisher for $285. In 1836 Thomas C. Wilson, the County Surveyor, laid off into lots the twenty acres donated by John H. Har- .^y ^^<^^L^^ HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 847 ris, and the County Clerk was then ordered to advertise the sale of these lots in the following papers: "Sangamon County Journal," Spring- field; "Missouri Republican," St. Louis; and the "Louisville Advertiser." The sale of these lots occurred in May, 1836, the aggregate amount received for them being $18,636. The highest price paid for any one lot was paid by Mr. Wibray, for lot 1, in block 5, the consideration being $620. On June 6, 1836, the court assem- bled in the Clerk's office, and the same year a contract for a temporary courthouse a two story frame building, 20 by 40 feet, was let to William Dillon for $1,150. The old jail was then moved from Mackinaw to Tremont, where it was veneered with brick and enlarged by a brick addition. This addition was used by the Sheriff and his family. In December 1836, a pian was adopted for the permanent Court House and, in January, 1837, the contract was ordered to be let. This contract called for a building two stories above the basement. The building was to be forty feet wide and sixty feet long, including a portico of ten feet. The windows were to be closed with good blinds, the latter to be painted with four coats of paint, two of which were to be French green. The entire building was to be constructed in accordance with the Grecian style of Architec- ture. The building was to be surmounted by a cupola furnished with octagonal windows and the dome was to be surmounted by an iron rod supporting three gilt balls. The contract was let to William P. Flagg, January 13, 1837, for $14,450, and the building was first occupied in September, 1839. Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, J. A. Logan and David Davis are among the most prominent men whose voices have been heard within its walls. The first Postmaster was Mr. Sampson, a brother of William Sampson, before spoken of. He proved a defaulter and the Federal Court obtaining judgment against him, he surrendered his property to the Government. His house stood on the lot now occupied by A. T. Davis' residence, and was dubbed "the Sub-treasury," being thus known for a number of years, al- though no Sub-treasury was ever established in Tremont. For many years stage lines were operated between Peoria and Springfield and Peoria and Bloomington, via Tremont. These stages car- ried mail, passengers and express packages. They were drawn by four-horse teams, the hor- ses being changed at Tremont at the Hotel on the North Side. Daily trips were made each way. In 1856, the State Legislature, under the in- ternal-improvement act, appointed three Rail- road Commissioners, one of whom was Col. Charles Oakley, who built the house occupied by Mr.Hobart. These commissioners planned the building of a railroad from Pekin to Bloom- ington. In accordance with their plans the road was surveyed and graded as far as Tre- mont, the stone culverts were built, and ties and sills laid for flat-rails. Col. Oakley then went to England to negotiate for rails, but be- fore his return the State had become practical- ly bankrupt, and the work had to be aban- doned. The material was subsequently re- moved. About 1860 Dr. S. R. Saltonstall, W. S. Maus, of Pekin, and one other, were appointed to transfer the old road-bed to a newly organized company which proposed to build a road from Pekin to Danville, but this company also failed to carry out its plans. In 1836, a charter was obtained for the Danville, Urbana, Blooming- ton & Pekin Railway. The old road-bed was given to the new company by the Legislature and the road was finally built. The first pas- senger train, consisting of an engine and two coaches, was run from Pekin to Tremont July 4, 1869. A. J. Davis was the first railroad agent, and A. D. Davis, the first telegraph op- erator, began his work in 1871. The first church building in Tremont was the old Baptist meeting house, which was begun in 1842, and completed, with the exception of the cupola, in 1844. This building cost $1706.50, of which $196 was collected in Worcester, Mass. In 1842 the church reported twelve members. The Congregational church at Tremont was or- ganized in 1842, and the church building was erected in 1848. Previous to this time their meetings had been held in the school-house or iu private dwellings. The contract for the erec- tion of the building was let by the committee consisting of J. K. Kellogg, John Stiles, A. Stockwell, Moses Morse, and Freeman King- man, to Elijah Brown, for $1,668, and the new church was dedicated on September 6, 1848, Previous to its completion it was struck by lightning and injured to some extent. The 848 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. third church to be erected was the Episcopal church. Mr. Steele was the minister for a number of years. Rev. Howland, a Unitarian minister, preached for several years in the Court House and afterwards organized a stock company and built the old Unitarian church, now commonly known as the Liberal church. The Catholic denomination bought the old school-house and worshipped there until the erection of their church in the south part of town, several years later. The first grist-mill was built and operated by Almarine Hayward and Philander Dean. It was located back of the present calaboose. The first militia company in Tremont was or- ganized by Captain Trough. At the breaking out of the Civil War, a militia company was in existence under Captain Peter Menard. In this company Mr. John March was First Lieu- tenant. The company numbered about eighty, but when the majority enlisted for the war it disbanded. In 184S a petition was circulated asking the removal of the county-seat from Tremont to Pekin. This petition received so many signa- tures that a vote was finally taken to decide the question. It resulted in a victory for Pekin and the records were removed to that place during the years 1849 and 1850. Tremont had been headquarters for fourteen years, but after the removal of the county-seat its business and importance dwindled for many years. During the last twenty-five or thirty year the village has taken on new life and has steadily grown in population and business importance, and to- day compares favorably with any of the villa- ges in this or surrounding counties. No thoughtful person can look back over the his- tory of this community without concluding that few places in Illinois were begun under more auspicious circumstances. The coming of the colonists gave the community an impetus that, for many years placed them in advance of the surrounding villages and towns. The colonists did more than advance the material interests of the place; they brought with them the cul- ture and spirit of New England, and the town, for many years, had a reputation, far and near, for high ideals in educational, social and relig- ious matters. Ineed these same lofty ideals have been handed down from generation to gen- eration, until today, even though few descend- ants of the colonists remain, yet the new citi- zens have caught the spirit of the past and are endeavoring to maintain the same standards that have characterized this community since its history began. The sons and daughters of old Tremont are scattered far and near, many of them filling important places of influence in other States and distant cities; but where- ever you find them, you will find implanted deep in their hearts an earnest, reverent love for their childhood home. Also to them the name "Tremont" recalls pleasant memories, and stirs within them an ambition to press forward in the lines of success that their ancestors, by hard labor, and self-denial, made possible for them. Tremont Independent Telephone Company — The telephone business was commenced here in a small way, some years ago, by P. J. Davis, J. M. Cody and S. A. Hayward. Later a company was organized under the name of Tazewell County Telephone Company, which was leased to the Central Union Telephone Company. Last May the Independent Mutual Telephone Company was organized by A. J. Davis, which now has an exchange. There are about 175 telephones connected with the exchange, with toll-lines to Hopedale, Minier, Mackinaw, Deer Creek, Groveland, Dillon and Allentown, and also connected with the Mc- Lean County Telephone Company. It is known as the Tremont Independent Telephone Com- pany. Mr. C. N. Smith is the present mana- ger. This company has a line to Pekin, which is connected with the Citizens' Telephone Com- pany of Pekin. VILLAGEi OF EAST PEORIA. East Peoria is located in Fondulac Township, two miles east of the City of Peoria, and at the present time is undergoing a marvelous and substantial development. The growing im- portance of East Peoria cannot be over-esti- mated, and the author's judgment of its fu- ture warrants a full endorsement of the fol- lowing extract from a prospectus recently is- sued by the "East Peoria Improvement Asso- ciation": "East Peoria is the coming city. The hand- writing is on the wall. The indications are that it will be one of the greatest manufacturing centers of the Central West. Providence has planned it all. He has given to her those en- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 849 vironments which make it possible for her to be one of the most available cities for all lines of industry. Providence has planted \n the bowels of the earth an inexhaustible sup- ply of the best bituminous coal, with out-crop- pings to 1he very surface. He has placed near at hand a fine quality of brick shale, which affords at our very door the finest building mater- ial in the world. He has given us a land- scape of exquisite picturesqueness. Sloping back gently from its location on the Illinois River to the foot hills is a plateau several miles in width and extending up and down the river. This affords the finest location for all kinds of factory sites. The verdant hill-sides furnish sightly locations for beautiful homes. The view from the summit of the hills is one of the grandest in the West. Surrounded with such natural advantages, and with the co-oper- ation of man, our future has been made se- cure. "On the west bank of the Illinois River is our sister city Peoria, the second city in the State, with a population of nearly 100,000. The avail- able territory for factory sites and large busi- nes interests, on the west bank of the river, has been exhausted, and now men of fore- sight, brains and energy have become inter- ested in the land on the east bank. Already there have been located and erected a number of large manufacturing industries, and more have been definitely decided upon." Early History. — Prior to 1884 the village of East Peoria was known as "Blue Town." In July of that year it was incorporated under the name of Hilton, but in October, 1889, the name was changed to East Peoria. The election to incorporate was held on the first of July, 1884, when there were thirty votes in favor of in- corporation to twelve against. August 4, 1884, the first Village Board was elected. Nicholas Slagle was chosen President; Thomas J. Floyd, Clerk, and Joseph Mossman, Treasurer. The Trustees were Peter Schertz, H. F. Copps, J. G. Vogelgesang, Samuel Allen, Sr., Edward Lange, Sr., and one other. The village was on the Peoria and Springfield wagon road, but its proximity to Peoria has inpeded its develop- ment until the time came when Peoria needed more territory for its expansion, and East Pe- oria seems to have met this demand. A rich agricultural community is in close proximity to the village, and it is located in the very center of extensive coal mines. Real- izing the need in the near future for closer touch with the big city across the river, Knight & Johnson were granted a street-car franchise July 30, 1903, and, on the day fol- lowing, Dennis and Sheen were also granted a franchise. East Peoria dates the beginning of its growth from the dredging of Farm Creek, and the building of pavement in Peoria. Dyking the River. — One of the great enter- prises of East Peoria now under way. is the dyking of the river. It will cost about $50,000, but the increased value of the property re- claimed will be worth many times that pro- posed outlay. The dyke will be built up 400 feet from the water's edge, and all the dirt necessary to build it will be taken from the river side. It is estimated that all the dirt between the dyke and the river line will be necessary to make the dyke high and wide enough to accommodate buildings that will, in time, be built upon it. The excavations will be sufficiently deep to admit the largest ves- sels that may navigate the Illinois River. Ele- vators, railroad tracks and factories will be placed on the new made land. East Peoria has some beautiful driveways and expects soon to organize a Park Board with a view of establishing a park system. Greatest Natural Resource — Coal is one of the natural resources, of East Peoria and it is known for its steam-producing qualities. The coal is easily mined, as it lies in veins of 4 1-2 to 5 feet in thickness near the surface. While the mining business has only been developed in the last few years, still the output of the mines is up to 2,000 tons per day, and the de- mand is growing at such a rapid rate that it will be greatly increased. The mines now in operation are doing a successful business and give employment to about 250 men. The following companies have made for themselves a wide reputation by their promptness in filling orders and care exercised in quality of coai sent out: The Lake Erie Coal & Mining Co. (incorporated) has a capacity of 300 tons per day and gives employment to 50 men. The coal from this mine is the "Wesley Coal," and is well known for its quality. The East Peor- ia Coal Company, (incorporated) has a capaci- ty of 275 tons per day and employs about 40 men. The coal from this mine is of a high grade. The Standard Coal Mine has a capac- 850 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. ity of 200 tons per day, and furnishes employ- ment to 35 men. This coal is known for its heating qualities and is well adapted for fur- nace use. Other companies doing business are the Doering Coal Company, the Gibelhausen Coal Company, The Manhattan Coal Company, and the Royster Coal Company. The extensive coal field of East Peoria is one of our most important factors to induce manufacturing establishments to locate in our midst. It is seldom that a location can be offered at the door of a big city with un- limited railroad facilities, and the coal mines at their furnace doors. Building Material. — Bast Peoria building and paving brick is fast gaining » reputation all over central Illinois for being of the hign- est quality. Wherever tested it has given sat- isfaction. The clay in this locality has prov- en to be one of the best in the State for the manufacturing of brick. The Carter Brick Yard has made a wonderful progress, and now covers a large acreage with buildings and latest machinery for the manu- facture of building and paving brick. F. K. ' Carter, one of our prominent business men, is at the head of this flourishing industry and under his able management the working force has been increased from 25 men until now it gives employment to 60 men. The daily out- put is 40,000 brick. The road leading from Bast Peoria to Peoria, a distance of one and one-fourth miles, is paved with brick from this yard. Since the paving of this road the traf- fic has been very heavy and the severe test has thoroughly demonstrated the durability of the brick. The Acme Harvester Works of Peoria was constructed of material from this yard. Other capitalists have been attracted here by the fine quality of the shale and are build- ing extensive yards for the manufacture of brick and tile. Railroad Facilities. — Bast Peoria has direct connection with twelve different lines of rail- roads. The Peoria & Pekin Union Terminal Railroad, of Peoria, recently purchased a tract of land on this side of the river for terminal facilities, and have already constructed switch- es to the big manufacturing plants recently located here. As fast as other plants are located they will be connected with switch- es, The Terminal company expect to build forty-five miles of trackage, which will give them a capacity of 4,500 cars. This company has spent thousands of dollars in improve- ments on this side of the river, and are work- ing hand in hand with our people for the building up of East Peoria. Herschel Manufacturing Company. — The Herschel Factory is now running. The Com- pany has a four-story warehouse, 250x50 feet. In this warehouse the general offices of the com- pany are located. The machine shop is one story in height and 180x50 feet. The grinding department is 120x80. with a steel truss roof. The tempering shop is 50x50 and of fire proof construction. The punching department is 100x80, built in the shape of the letter L. The boiler room is 35x42 and the engine room 25x52. The company has its own gas plant on the premises, and also a separate building for its heating plant, also a blacksmith shop and oil dipping department and spacious stables. The contracts let involved the expenditure of nearly $100,000 for buildings alone. The ma- chinery is driven by a 500-horse-power Hamilton Corliss engine with three boilers. There is a water-tower 150 feet high for fire protec- tion and the furnishing of a water supply, and also an electric generator. The company was incorporated in 1893 with a capital stock of $200,000. They manufacture mower knives, reaper sickles, header knives, section band- cutters and agricultural supplies. They are jobbers of hose, belting, wheelbarrows, single and double-trees, neck-yokes and everything in the agriculture line. They have agencies in New York, -Minneapolis, Omaha, Kansas City, Wilmington and Lansing, and foreign agencies at Odessa, Russia; Sydney, Australia; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany, and London, Eng- land. They employ 250 men. Acme Manufacturing Company. — Another important industry recently located and doing a good business is the Acme Railway Signal Manufacturing Company. This company man- ufactures railway torpedoes, red and green fire fuses or torches. The factory was previously located at Galesburg and had built up a large trade. They desired more commodious quar- ters. Learning of the many advantages of- fered by East Peoria they decided to locate here. Public Improvements. — East Peoria has all the improvements which go to make up a city. HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 851 It has paved streets, electric lights and other useful improvements are under headway. Fran- chises have recently been granted to the Peoria Gas & 'Electric Company, and their lines are now being extended. Jacob Harmon and a num- ber of other monied men of Peoria have also been granted a franchise for electric lights, gas, power and heat, and they expect to put in an immense plant. Two telephone systems are operating in Bast Peoria and have first- class service. Free mail delivery is made daily and Rural Routes are being established in the country. East Peoria is well repre- sented with churches. The following denomi- nations, Methodist Episcopal, Free Methodist and Catholics, are in a flourishing condition. Colean Manufacturing Company. — The sec- ond manufacturing home erected in East Pe- oria was the Colean Manufacturing Company, for the manufacture of various kinds of farm machinery, making a specialty of threshing machines and traction engines. The buildings are situated east of and adjoining the new ■Herschel Factory. The machine shop is 80x200 feet and has 24.000 square feet of floor space. It is constructed entirely of brick and iron. The wood shop, where the wooden structure for threshers and other machinery is manufact- ured, was also strongly built with thick brick walls, supported on foundations of concrete. It is 80x200 feet and three stories high; with 48,000 square feet of floor space. The power house is 45x100 feet and will permit ample fa- cilities even should the plant be considerably enlarged. The buildings are not only firmly built but are models of convenience. In the machine shop where the heavy machinery is built and where machines are set up a rail road switch is built so that the loading on cars is reduced to comparative ease with the aid of modern hoisting machinery. A modern of- fice building and three-story warehouse, 80x200 feet, adjoining the wood shop, is under con- tract. The foundry to be built will be 50x150 feet. The machine shop is equipped with the very latest machinery, each machine having its individual motor for power saving, and will also be equipped with a ten-ton Palling & Harnischfeger Electric traveling crane. The Colean plant has a very complete water sys- tem for fire protection, etc. They have two aerial reservoirs with a capacity of 50,000 and 100,000 gallons. The factory covers about eleven acres. This Company has a capital stock of $300,000. They employ 250 men. Real Estate. — There has been a large amount of money made by investing in East Peoria real estate, and there are still plenty of op- portunities to realize handsomely on future investments. The upward movement has just really commenced. It seems strange, indeed, that the growth has not manifested itself earl- ier and that, with every natural advantage for the sheltering of a prosperous industrial community, the town should have lain so long inert, unaware of its obvious rights. At all events, it seems now reasonably certain that, within a few years, East Peoria will have be- come an economic necessity to Peoria, and that many of the complex problems that con- front local shippers and manufacturers will have disappeared, and much of the present con- gestion been relieved. Already some foreseeing business men have purchased tracts of land and laid out addi- tions to East Peoria. One of these new addi- tions called the "East Peoria Heights," dis- posed of every lot in a few days after it was placed on the market. Other fine additions have been platted and the lots are now on sale. Peoria Steel and Tool Company. — The lat- est acquisition to the manufacturing interests of Peoria is the "Peoria Steel and Tool Com- pany." This company was organized for the purpose of merging the "Automatic Vise Com- pany," of Akron, Ohio, the "Farnhani Cutlery Company" of Bridgeport, Conn., and Fremont, Ohio, and "John Bergman Tool Steel Plant," of Pittsburg. Competition for the location of this plant was very keen between East Peoria, Bartonville and Avery ville. On the evening of August 16, 1904, at a mass meeting held at the Peoria City Hall, Mr. Farnham, President of the Farnham Cutlery Company, announced that East Peoria had been selected as the for- tunate competitor, and also stated that out of $43,000 subscribed to the preferred stock there came from East Peoria, directly or indirectly, some $37,000. The organization plan was set forth in the following form signed by subscribers of pre- ferred stock: "It is proposed to incorporate, under the laws of Illinois, the Peoria Steel & Tool Com- pany, with a capital stock of $250,000; $150,000 of which shall be common stock and $100,000 852 HISTOKf OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. preferred stock, on which preferred stock shall be paid a 7 per cent dividend, which shall be cumulative. The company is to be a Peoria institution, and will manufacture bench, pipe and field vises, a special line of cutlery, tool- steel, etc. These goods are manufactured by improved and thoroughly tested methods, by which the cost of production is greatly re- duced and, at the same time, a greatly superi- or article, not only in quality but in kind, is produced; all thoroughly skilled and experi- enced men in the several lines covered. The patents will be the exclusive property of the company. Bach department wil be under the direct supervision of a man of experience and of high skill in the work of his department. There will be a board of seven directors, four of whom will be well-known Peoria business men. The stock, both preferred and common, is to be taken at par, shares $100 each." Mr. Franklin H. Farnham, President of the new company, has been in the steel and cutlery business for twenty years. Mr. John Bergman was selected to take charge of the tool-steel end of the new indus- try- It is said of him that he is one of the test known steel men in the country. The Peoria Steel & Tool Company will give employment to 500 men. It will thus be seen that Elast Peoria has a most brilliant future, and that her interests are in the hands of pro- gressive, thoroughly wide-awake and intelli- gent fore-sighted business men. Public Schools. — East Peoria is well to the front educationally. A large seven-room build- ing of most modern plan, and thoroughly equipped with everything necessary for effi- cient school work, is the especial pride of the town. This building was constructed in 1900, is a two-story brick, and every room has its seating capacity utilized. The enroll- ment is 350 students. The School Board consists of C. E. McFall, President; Herbert R. Dennis, Clerk; and W. F. Sommerfleld. The teachers for 1904 and 1905 are; S. A. Dennis, who is entering his seventh year in the principalship; C. Nora Kinsey, Maude Mount, Edith Yale, Margaret Manschbaugh, Avis Price, Ada E. Arnold. The first class was graduated in 1904. The mem- bers were Celph Arnold, Mary Giebelhausen, Lola Arnold, and Maggie Hufeld. VILLAGE OF MORTON. The village of Morton is located on Sec- tions 20 and 21 in Morton Township. It was organized in 1877. The first Board of Trustees was composed of Louis Moschel, Daniel Ha- becker, James M. Campbell, Thomas Webb and C. M. Zedicker. At this time the Board elect- ed its executive officers. W. H. Conibear was made President, and W. B. Renard, Clerk. Pe- ter Carins was appointed Village Marshal. The present Board of Trustees are; Samuel Mosi- man, Eugene Mathis, E. N. Moschel, B. F. Tucker, Karl Wurst and H. L. Yoder. Frea Reuling is President, and C. May, Clerk, F. M. Gragg is Day Marshal and Herman Engel Night Marshal. Morton is located in one of the richest agri- cultural localities in the County. Consequent- ly it has a large grain trade, and retail busi- nes in all lines of merchandise. Its busi- ness men are thoroughly progressive and much pride is taken in all matters which pro- mote the best interests of the town. The village has a number of elegant homes. About four miles of cement sidewalk will be com- pleted during the present year, 1904. Manufactures. — As a manufacturing town, Morton holds the third place in the county, being next to East Peoria in variety and the products of its manufacturing interests. The principal article of manufacture is wire-fenc- ing. The Inter-locking Fence Company was incorporated a few years ago, with a capital of $50,000. The President is John Witmer, Secretary, Ben Hauter; General Manager, John Goetz. This company has erected a new plant costing $35,000, and has installed most effective 'machinery, mostly their own patent, with which they are able to make 180 rods of fence in an hour. The Twin Brace Fence Company, with J. L. Claudin as manager and patentee, also does a good business. The fencing made by these two companies, finds ready and extensive sale, not only in Illinois, but in other States as well, and especially in those localities where the old time rail-fence must give way to some- thing better. The tile and pottery manufactory manufact- ures both tile and pottery. It is the largest tile-factory and we believe the only one in the county at the present time, and it is one HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUXTY. 853 of the largest producers of pottery in Illinois. They employ about 50 men and make tile all the year, round, using steam for all purposes for which it can be employed in the manufact- ure of their product. It is owned by and operated by the Rapp Bros. Most all of the clay used in their plant they have right at hand, but some outside clay is shipped in to mix with it for both tile and pottery. Morton has a water works system of its own and was the second in the county to build a water-works system, Pekin being the first. The water-works were erected in 1891. There is a pipe well 250 feet deep. The works af- ford ample Are protection, have a good press- ure and the water is of excellent quality. The city charges the people a reasonable rate, and consequently it is used almost universally. A general work and repair shop has been incorporated by the Voelpel Manufacturing Company with a capitalization of $35,000 with William Voelpel as President, Earnest Sucher, Vice-president, and George Welk, Secretary and Treasurer. They make a specialty of hot water heaters and do general repair work. They have constantly in their employ some twenty-five men and have built up an extensive trade. Schools. — In educational matters Morton is taking a high position in the school system of the county. At the annual township elec- tion, in 1903, the question of levying a tax of $20,000 for the erection of a township high school building was voted upon and carried. A Board of Education was chosen soon there- after, and bids for the erection of the building were called for. From a prospectus of the school we take the following: The Morton Township High School building is now near- ing completion and will be ready for occupan- cy by September 5, 1904, the date set for school to open. The building is an imposing structure, consisting of one large assembly room, eleven recitation rooms, three of which are large enough for laboratory work, a Su- perintendent's office, an office for the teachers and playrooms in the basement. The building is to be furnished in modern style and the facilities for doing laboratory work will be ample. Everything, in fact, that can be done to make the student comfortable and to make the work of greatest practical value will be done. The aim of the school will be to fit the young men and women 'of the township for the practical duties of life and for entrance to the leading colleges of the country. The courses of study were formulated with the thought of meeting the wants and needs of the community in this respect. A choice of two regular high school courses is offered efther to those who contemplate entering the university after completing the course, or to those who wish merely to equip themselves with a good high school education. A special feature is the inclusion of a thorough course in German for those who wish to make a special study along this line. Besides the regular high school courses the school will offer a commercial, a stenographic and a general course. The commercial course covers two years of work and is intended for those who wish to fit themselves for a business career. The stenographic course, complete in one year, is intended for those who wjsh to fit themselves for office work. The general course is offered to those who wish to more thoroughly master the common branches and to those who can only attend school for a few months in the year and wish to avail them- selves of the opportunity of learning to read and write German. Pupils who have satisfactorily completed the eight years' work, as outlined in the State course, by passing the County Superintendent's final examination, will be admitted to the regular high school courses without further examination. Those who have not completed the eight years' work will be required to take an examination for admission. No examina- tion will be required of those who wish to en- ter tEe general course. Graduates and undergraduates of the ad- vanced department of the Morton Public Schools will be admitted without examination, and will be given credit for such work as they have completed satisfactorily. Pupils who take the entrance examination will be required to make a general average of 75, with a minimum grade of 65 in each study. Non-resident pupils of Morton Township will be required to pay a tuition of three dollars per month. Those residing in the township are, of course, admitted free. The Board of Education are, William Mos- 854 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. chell, President; B. F. Schrnallenberger, Secre- tary; Henry Snarp, Christ Sanwald, Moses Beyer. The instructors for the coming year are Charles T. Law, Principal, and Bertha Duerkop, Assistant. In addition to the Township High School, above noted, the village has an excellent graded school. A wide-awake, progressive Board has been in charge and it has had a most excellent corps of teachers for a number of years past. The teachers for the year clos- ing June, 1904, were: C. T. Law, Principal; Lillian Ross, Margaret Smith, Carolyne C. Price, Anna Gragg, Ida Moschell and Letta M. Brown. The following is a list of the grad- uates of the Morton public school: 1892. — Daisy Roberts, Nina Roberts, Nellie Farlin, Myrtle Mooberry. 1893. — Marguerite Smith, Ruth Smith, Charles May, Edith Tarbell. 1894. — No graduates. 1895. — Lettie M. Brown, Carrie Mosiman, Ethel Smith. 1896.. — Clara Mosiman, Nellie Webb, John Kennel, L. C. Moschell. 1897. — Grant Conibear, Marie O'Harra, Grace Brown. 1898. — No graduates. 1899. — No graduates. 1900. — Laura Poppenhaus, Ida K. Moschel, Lulu Stout, Edna Joyslin. 1901.— Bert C. Dodds, Sadie Sharp, Tillie Steiner, Mary W-itmer. 1902.— Stella M. Beeman, Blanche O'Harra, Mary Preddin, Chas. H. Miller, Frank W. Beyer. 1903. — Anna Moschel, Ida Wurst, Ruth Sharp, Joseph Mosiman, Cornelius Kipfer, Ralph Sharp. 1904. — Olive H. Norman, John E. Staker, Ina L. Goodyear, William F. Lowenstein, Eva L. Poppennaus. VILLAGE OF MINIER. The village of Minier is located on Section 22 at the intersection of the Kansas City branch of the Chicago & Alton Railroad and the Illinois Midland. It was laid out October 18, 1867, by George W. Minier, Charles E. Boyer and others. The site where Minier was located up to the time of the building of tne Chicago & Alton Railroad was a low flat prai- rie, and there were ponds of water within the present limits of the village that scarcely went dry during the entire season. Mr. J. IvI. Ed- miston was the first resident of Minier, being employed by the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company as its agent, and his residence was the first house built in the city. Shortly after- wards the railway company erected a water- tank at that place which was visible for miles around, and the town was nicknamed "Tank, " which name it wore for several years. Sit- uated as it was in the midst of a very fertile region, the town was not long in building up and soon thereafter extensive improvements - were made in the farm lands adjacent thereto, and the future of the place as a business cen- ter was assured. Among the early settlers were J. E. Rails- back, who had embarked in the grain and lum- ber business in 1867, with R. J. Mitchell, which partnership has continued for thirty-seven years. Shortly after the firm was organized both partners removed to Minier and have lived there ever since. Among other early set- tlers were John F. Quigg and N. P. Williams, who also embarked in the grain business. The first resident physician was Dr. W. J. Nicolay, who continued the medical practice there ex- cept for a short period until 1896, when his death occurred in Bl'oomington, 111. Minier is located in perhaps the richest ag- ricultural region in the county. The farm laud is well drained and scarcely a foot of it that is not now under a high state of cultivation. As a consequence it is probably true that it is the most extensive grain-shipping point in the county. The railway facilities are not sur- passed. The farming community realizes good prices for such products as it may have to sell. The village is supplied with a water sys- tem, electric lights, and many thousand feet of cement sidewalks. The people take pride in their well kept lawns and there are many commodious and modern homes. Many of these have been erected by retired farmers, and are strictly modern in their appointments. Minier Mutual Telephone Service. — Perhaps no institution has contributed in a greater de- gree to the convenience and pleasure of the people in southeastern Tazewell County than the Minier Mutual Telephone Company. The company was organized by a group of repre- sentative business men of Minier, in the early spring of 1900. They planned to build lines to accommodate the people of the town and the HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. ■ioli farmers who traded there, but so insistent was the demand tor the service, that the scope of their operations enlarged so as to include com- plete exchanges at Hopedale and Mackinaw. Lines radiate from these three central points that cover the county thoroughly, and toll lines are operated to Armington, Delavan, Boyles Grove, Boynton, etc., connecting to all neighboring independent systems. The sys- tem has cost about $20,000 and the lines and apparatus are all first class, giving excellent service. The company has about 575 phones in opera- tion in Little Mackinaw, Mackinaw, Hopedale, Tremont, Dillon, Delavan, Boynton and Hittle townships — the first three townships named being completely covered. The stockholders of this company also own the Stanford sys- tem, with 300 phones, making a compact cir- cuit of 875 phones with approximately 600 miles of wire and 350 miles of poles. The Minier Mutual Company is incorporat- ed with $15,000 capital and has the following officers: President, John F. Quigg; Secretary, S. S. Tanner; Treasurer, R. J. Mitchell; Direct- ors: William Buehrig, John P. Quigg, J. E. Railsback, C. F. Wullenwaber and R. C. Crih- field. The system has the reputation of being one of the best, and its promoters have de- voted much time to solving the many curious problems involved in the establishment of an enterprise of this sort. Notwithstanding many predictions of failure, they seem to have made a success of dollar-a-month rural service, with seven and eight subscribers on "grounded" lines. The farm telephone and the rural mail service in this community were established about the same time, and together they have made the farmer's contact with the world al- most as continuous and effective as that of the dwellers in cities. The farmer gets his market hourly, if desired; their wives make calls by wire in stormy weather, and the young people have telephone parties, sociables and concerts in the evening, so that no longer is heard the familiar complaint of the loneliness of farm life. The history of the churches of Minier will be found with the sketch of Little Mackinaw township. Schools. — The people take especial pride m their public schools and are contemplating the erection of new school buildings. The follow- ing is a list of the graduates of the Minier Public School: Class of 1887.— Otto L. Allen, Homer O. Schaaf, Mary (Johnson) Darnell, Fred W. Buehrig, Charles A. Railsback, Lena L. Black- burn (deceased), Anna (Cole) Bachman. Class of 1888. — Jessie R. Hart, Minnie (Min- ier) Stewart, Mary (Davis) Lamme, Stella (Dillin) Freitag, Hattie (Decker) Throckmor- ton, John W. Hart, Charles W. Eckard. Class of 1889. — (Another year added to course of study. No graduates.) Class of 1890. — Mollie M. Swink, Nora (Ry- an) Nolan, Jay Quigg, Imo (Ewing) Elliff, Lida Purdy, John T. Elliff, Adolph H. Buehrig (de- ceased). Class of 1891. — D. Hammond. Class of 1892. — Clare A. (Minier) Swayne, Mary A. (Mallender) Hammond, Maggie (Deck- er) Elliff, William G-. Beal, Imo (Bachman) Euehrig, Emma G. Swink, Flora Peine (de- ceased), Iva M. (Quigg) McLaughlin, Minnie (Decker) Wbiteman (deceased). Class of 1893. — Emma (Shoup) Hodel, Emma (Schwartz) Devereaux, Lilla Livesay. Class of 1894.— Irene Ling, Katie E. Elliff. Pearl (Buehrig) Smith, Joe V. Hart, Myrtle (Beal) Johnson, Florence (Bachman) McKin- sey, Charles R. Tanner, Fleta A. Briggs, Wal- ter A. Purdy. Class of 1895. — Etta G. Quigg, Ira D. Adams. Buford L. Brem, David E. Slater, Washington I. Fischer, Hettie (Smith) Frank, Nellie (Theisl Graber, Eda B. Buehrig, Paralee Gardner, Ed ward H. Peine. Class of 1896. — Sarah A. Glotfelter, Charles Elliff, Simon E. Nafziger, William W. Peine, Ira M. Beal, Emma H. (Munder) Freitag, Hulda N. (Nafziger) Elliff, Kate A. Ryan. Class of 1897. — Alma Ewing, Georgia Adams, Lulu Kampf, Ottella Buehrig. Class of 1898. — Irma F. Briggs, Sadie I. (Buehrig) Elliff, Stella Elliff, Clifford Minier, Zella Osborn, Emma L. Peine, Joseph W. Augs- burger, Homer B. Lamme. Class of 1899. — Crete (Adams) Shaw, Lewis Beal, Bertha Nafziger, Dee Roberson. Class of 1900. — Alma Briggs, Loula Buehrig, Gusta Nafziger, Mabel Growenlock, Maude Wullenwaber, Grace Johnson, Edna Zombro, May Haney Finks, Alfred Peine, Roy Kinsey. Class of 1901. — Bessie (Lower) Alderman, Ella Johnson (deceased), Ethel Colville, Adela 856 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. Peine, Clara Buehrig, Emory Hammond, Will B. Bachman, John Beal, Stella Robison, Otto Hallstine. Class of 1902.— Loula (Kirig) Britton, Bessie Fisher, Fred Lower, Earnest Gowenlock. Class of 1903. — Angie Haney, Minnie Brooks, Paul Paine, Edgar Wullenwaber. Class of 1904.— Delia EUiff, Fay Zombro, Ar- thur Peine, Charles Barnes. ' VILLAGE OF HOPEDALE. Hopedale was laid off November 1, 1853, by Thomas Orendorff. It is near the southwest corner of the township of the same name. The village was originally called Osceola. In the endeavor to establish a post office there it was discovered that there was another town of that name in the State, and the name was changed to Hopedale. This history applies to what is known as the old town. The new town, built east of the old town, was incorpo- rated February 22, 1869. The first Trustees were: T. J. Orendorff, William Niesen, J. R. Ogden and E. Barnum. In the last fifteen years Hopedale has made wonderful progress. It is located in a good farming territory, and extensive shipments of grain and livestock are made here. Its busi- ness men are enterprising and aim to keep the village and its affairs up-to-date in all respects. The Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Al- ton Railway passes through the town. The history of the churches is given in con- nection with the history of the township. There is a commodious brick school building in the village and the people are justly proud of their schools. The teachers for the year 1903 were: L. F. Fulwiler, Hattie M. Eaton, Elizabeth Bier- bower, Elizabeth Walters, Avis L. Price. The following is a list of the graduates of the Hopedale Public School: Class of 1893. — Carrie E. Smith, Maude E. Overaker, Frank L. Kilby, Roy J. Railsback, Hy. S. Griesmer. No graduating class in 1894. Class of 1895. — Elsie W. Moneymaker, Mar- guerite J. Mount, V. W. Railsback, Ella M. Mor- rissey, Robert S. Wynd, Mabel Schulte. Class of 1896. — Nellie Ford, Martin Morris- sey. Class of 1897. — Ella J. Brenneman, Carrie Hannig, Julia A. Morrissey, Bertha A. Ranney, Mabel C. Wynd, Eddie Ford, Frank McCabe, John Morrissey, Harry Payne, Ray Smith. Class of 1898. — lima L. Hamilton, Berta Judy, Bertha Reise, Annie Morrissey, Margaret H. Sands, Lot Brighton, Roy W. Hodson, Isaac W. Hamilton, Fay E. Kunce. Class of 1899.-^Laura Brenneman, John Floyd, Bertha Ireland, Ella F. Morrissey, Fred C. Rahlman, Katie Wynd. Class of 1900. — Nellie Barger, Annie Coggins, Earl Jennings, Otto Kennel, Edith Kilby, Mar- na McCoy, Dora Roelofson, Miriam Sands, Fred Smith, Samuel Springer. Class of 1901.— Alfred Smalley, Addie Nutty, Earl Fisher, Lulu Coggins. Class of 1902.— Veta M. Britton, Clara E. Flenniken, Grace B. McCarrell, Kathryn G. Morrissey, Patsey Morrissey, Clinton A. Paine, Mary M. Shay, Estella Smalley, Ninny L. Timian. Class of 1903.— Emma Richards, Hannah Sands, Fred Railsback, Howard Railsback, Ethelbart Wilson. No graduating class in 1904. VILLAGE OF GREEN VALLEY. Green Valley is located in Sand Prairie Township, upon Section 35, and is on the line of the Illinois Central Railway, originally the Peoria, Lincoln & Decatur Railway. Mr. Samuel Schureman entered on the land upon which the village is located, October 19, 1872, and the town was laid off by him. The village was named from a Sunday school which was organized in 1853, and adopted the name of Green Valley. It is located in the midst of one of the most fertile regions in Tazewell County, and has, therefore, a large grain trade. Its people are enterprising and progressive. The history of the churches will be found in connection with the township his- tory. It has good public schools and the fol- lowing is the list of teachers for 1903: Sher- man Littler, Principal; Luella Black, Lucy Lindsey. The following is a list of the graduates or the Green Valley Public School: HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 857 Class of 1899.— Harry D. Cassaday, Etta E. Coriell, Jennie I. Keefer. Class of 1901.— Nettie M. Reed, Katherine Copes, Mabel A. Squire, Grace M. Kirkman, Maude Woodruf, Rebecca E. Warren, Elsie M. Schureman, Walter M. Keefer, John W. Brook- meyer, Jr., Charles E. Darling, Roy Auld, Royal C. Giffin, Fletcher Copes. No graduating class in 1902. Class of 1903. — Minnie Lawler, Leona Dicks, Clara Reed. VILLAGE OP ARMINGTON. Armington was laid off August 7, 1855, by H. Armington, for whom the village was named. It is located in the southwest corner of Section 22, in Hittle Township, on the Van- dalia Railway. On August 20, 1904, a vote was taken to organize as a village under the gen- eral statute. Of 65 votes cast, 63 were in favor of organization. The election of Trustees was held September 30, following. Armington is quite a business town and is supported by a wealthy farming community. In the summer of 1903 a township school was built at a cost of $7,000. There was much discussion as to the location of this building, but all disputes were finally settled and the school went into operation in September, 1903. There is a pub- lic school of two rooms. The following is the list of teachers for 1903: R. S. Wynd, Principal Township High School; J. R. Small, Principal; Belle Smith. VILLAGE OF DEER CREEK. The village of Deer Creek is located on Sec- tions 9 and 16, in Deer Creek Township, ad- joining McLean County. The election for in- corporation was held on September 26, 1899, and the election for Trustees was held on the 26th of January, 1900. The first officers were Paul Stolz, President; G. H. McCloud, Clerk. The Trustees elected were: John M. Phillips, J. H. Michelor, F. J. Belsley, W. H. Piper, Rob- ert Lane and S. F. Phillips. This selection was the most unanimous one of which we have record in the county, each candidate having received 34 votes. The village is a growing one, and is located on the Lake Erie & West- ern Railroad, and evidently has a promising future. CHAPTER XVIII. RAILWAY HISTORY. INDIANAPOLIS BLOOMINGTON & WESTERN RAILWAY — PEORIA, PEKIN & JACKSONVILLE ROAD — PEKIN, LINCOLN & DECATUR LINE — CHICAGO, PEKIN & NORTHWESTERN — ILLINOIS MIDLAND — TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN — PEORIA & PEKIN TERMINAL. (The following history of the several rail- roads of Tazewell County is largely reproduced from "Chapman's History" of the county, pub- lished in 1879.— Ed.) Among the very earliest charters granted to railroads— perhaps the second one — by the State of Illinois, was the one granted to the Pekln & Tremont Railroad. This company was incorporated by the Legislature January 13, 1835. Madison Allen, Harlan Hatch, J. L. James, John H. Harris, George W. Broderick and Aronet Richmond wera constituted a body corporate, with capital stock of $50,000, for the purpose of building said road. According to the charter, it ran from Pekin to Tremont in this county. The company was given the pow- er "to erect and maintain toll houses along the line." The road bed was graded and the track partially laid, but the hard times of 1837, and the failure of the grand internal improve- ment scheme of the State, put a stop to fur- ther progress on the Pekin & Tremont road. About a year after this road was chartered, a grander scheme was undertaken, and the legis- lature incorporated the Pekin, Bloomington & Wabash Railroad, February 16, 1836. This was a continuation eastward of the Pekin & Tre- mont road. Nothing definitely was further done until June 26, 1866, when fifteen or twenty persons met in the Court House at Urbana, Champaign County, for the purpose of taking steps to se- cure the construction of a railroad from Dan- ville to the Illinois River. Very little was done at this meeting; the parties present mere- ly exchanged views and adjourned to meet August 7th, at LeRoy, McLean County. The meeting was held there and largely attended, but no definite action was taken, and it ad- journed to meet on the 24th of the same month. The enterprise was then fully discussed by the newspapers, and when the time for the 858 HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. meeting came, some opposition to the road was manifested. It was a matter of some difficulty to effect an organization, nevertheless it was clone under the general railroad law of the State, and after some delay the towns along the line subscribed the required amount. The road proposed was 116 miles in length, and the subscriptions amounted to $116,000. The route selected was, so far as they went, over the Pekin & Tremont and the Pekin, Blooming- ton & Wabash Railroads. The company select- ed officers, making C. R. Griggs, President; W. T. McCord, Vice-President, and Dr. Henry Conklin, Secretary. The road was then named the Danville, Urbana, Bloomington & Pekin Railroad. The charter was adopted by the company at a meeting held at Pekin, March 27, 1867. Commissioners were immediately appointed to secure the right of way and push the work. Steps were taken to secure subscriptions. Most of the cities and towns answered the call and subscribed to the stock to the am- ount of $850,000. The road had three divisions, the western extending from Bloomington to Pekin. Work on the road was commenced October 1, 1867, and the last rail was laid at Bloomington, May 1, 1870. While this roaa was being built, another road was projected from Indianapolis to Danville, known as the Indianapolis, Crawfordsville & Danville Rail- road, and, in August, 1869, the two roads were consolidated under the name of Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western Railroad, extending from Indianapolis to Pekin, a distance of 202 miles. Since then the road has been extended from Pekin to Peoria. In 1874 it passed into the hands of a re- ceiver, was sold under foreclosure in 1879, and reorganized as the Indiana, Bloomington & Western Railway Company. In 1881 it Was consolidated with an Ohio corporation and was reorganized as the Indiana, Bloomington & Western Railroad Company. In 1886 it was placed in charge of a receiver and sold to a, reorganization committee and in January, 1887, it took the name of the Ohio, Indiana & West- ern Railway Company. In February, 1890, it was reorganized under its present name, when it was leased to the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chi- cago & St. Louis Railway, by which it is now operated. The present officers are: M. E. In- galls, President, Cincinnati, Ohio; J. A. Bar- nard, General Manager, Indianapolis; P. A. Hewett, Auditor, Cincinnati; C. A. Paquette, Superintendent Peoria and Eastern Division. PEORIA, PEKIN & JACKSONVILLE RAIL- ROAD. The Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville Railroad was projected from Peoria to Jacksonville, a distance of eighty-three miles and passing through the county-seats of Tazewell, Mason and Cass counties. That portion of its line from Pekin to Virginia was constructed in the years of 1858 and 1859 under the charter of the Illinois River Railroad Company, Richard S. Thomas, of Virginia, being its President, and Benjamin S. Prettyman, of Pekin, its Vice- President. Its Directors in 1857 were William Thomas, of Jacksonville; R. S. Thomas, of Cass County; James M. Ruggles. of Bath; Francis Low, of Havana; and Joshua Wagenseller, of Pekin. Its Treasurer was James H. Hole, of Havana, who was afterwards succeeded by Francis Low. Its Secretary 'was Dr. H. M. L. Schooley. The first Chief Engineer was W. G. Wheaton, who located the line. His succes- sors were J. C. Chesbrough, J. B. Cummings and Thomas King, in the order of their names. Dr. Charles Chandler, the founder of Chandler- ville, afterwards became a Director, and ren- dered important aid in the construction of the road. In 1862 the Illinois River Railroad Company had exhausted its assets and steps were taken to foreclose the road upon its issue of $1,020,- 000 first mortgage bonds, which had been used in purchasing the track-iron. At the foreclo- sure sale on the 1st day of October, 1863, the property was purchased by John Allen, of Old Saybrook, Conn., on behalf of himself ana Aaron Arnold, and Edwin L. Trowbridge, of the city of New York, for the sum of $400,000. They sold the same to the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville Railroad Company on May 21, 1864, and in the autumn of that year the road was completed from Pekin to Peoria. In 1868 the extension of the line from Virginia to Jack- sonville was commenced and completed on July 4, 1869, when trains were first run with passenger cars to Jacksonville. Edwin L. Trowbridge was the first President of the Company. He retained the office until September 25, 1867, when he was succeeded by Mr. Allen (now deceased), who held the of- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 859 flee for many years. Under his administration the extension from Virginia to Jacksonville was completed, the road and bridges thoroughly rebuilt, and about twenty miles of steel rails placed in the track. It was also supplied with excellent equipment. April 1, 1878, the road was placed in the hands of a receiver by the Circuit Court for Peoria County, Judge Cochran presiding, who upon the request of the trustees for the bond- holders, appointed Mr. Allen receiver. One of his first official acts thereafter was to petition the court for authority to issue receiver's cer- tificates for the protection of the legally pre- ferred indebtedness, which was granted, and all such indebtedness, including arrearages to the employes of the road, was soon paid in full. The receivership was a measure of protection to all interests involved, and the road thereby was quickly placed on its feet for business pur- poses. In 1881 it was transferred to the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, which soon went into the hands of a receiver, and in 1887 was reor- ganized as under the name of the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad, and so remained until January, 1896, when another reorganiza- tion was made under the name of "The Chi- cago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad of Illinois," under which title it is now (1904) operating. PEKIN, LINCOLN & DECATUR RAILWAY. No other of the several railroads traversing this county seems so closely identified with the interests and history of Tazewell county as the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur. The first char- ter for this road was obtained in 1867. The charter members were B. S. Prettyman, Teis Smith, Peter Weyrich, R. B. Latham, A. M. Miller, John Wyatt, M. Wemple, J. F. D. Elliott, S. C. Bean, Henry B. Durfee and Luber Bur- rows. The first officers were: President, B. S. Prettyman; Vice-President, R. B. Latham; Secretary, A. M. Miller; Treasurer, J. F. D. Elliott. The roadway was first surveyed by J. Ed- ward Baring in 1867. He followed the line in- dicated at first in the charter, and the one upon which the organization was based. The final location of the road, however, varied from the original survey as the necessities of the location required. Soon an interest began to be manifested by the people along the line of the proposed road. So zealous were the people of Delavan, and so anxious were they to secure the road for their town, that all the lots it touched passing through were freely giveu. A prominent man there, who grew overzealous perhaps, said he would give the company the right of way to run through his library, if they wanted to. Elections were held along the line for the purpose of voting for or against sub- scriptions of stock to the road. In this county the results of these elections were: Pekin voted $75,000; Delavan, $50,000; and Tazewell County $100,000. In Logan County it was pro- posed to subscribe $300,000, but the proposition was defeated by seventeen votes. In Novem- ber, 1867, another election was held, when the proposition carried. The county authorities re- fused to issue the bonds, however, and the measure was finally compromised by the issue of $150,000 in bonds to the company. Macon County gave $100,000. The election at Pekin was held March 2, 1867, find the vote stood 698 for, and only 12 against the subscription. In the spring of 1869 the Directors advertised for bids for the construction of the road. After holding a succession of meetings, and considering propositions from various parties, the contract was finally awarded to a company known as the Pekin Railway Construction Company. This company, which consisted of Teis Smith, C. R. Cummings, G. R. Cobleigh, Peter Weyrich, Bergstressor & Gill, and D. C. Smith, all of Pekin, commenced work in Sep- tember of the same fall (1869). The construc- tion company elected Teis Smith, President; G. R. Cobleigh, Secretary and Superintendent; and Peter Weyrich, Treasurer. The company claimed the right and privi- lege of locating the road, and for this purpose employed Mr. Edward Powers as Chief Engi- neer. Under him the line was relocated. He had charge of the work until the spring of 1870, when B. C. Smith, the construction com- pany's engineer, was appointed Chief Engineer, and continued in charge until the road was completed. Grading through Tazewell County was completed early in the year 1870; the first work on the road being done between Pekin and Delavan, in 1869. The contractors made contracts in England for iron sufficient to lay the track through this county; but owing to unavoidable delay, the iron did not reach Pekin until the latter part of August. The people 860 HISTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. along the line were growing anxious for the completion of the road, but the unflagging en- ergy with which the contractors pushed the work, and the character and standing of the men in charge, plainly told them that no< un- necessary delay would be made. On the ar- rival of the iron, track laying was vigorously commenced, and that part of the road between Pekin and Delavan was completed that fall. That portion of the road was then operated by the construction company for passenger and freight traffic. The first engine was purchased in Chicago by Mr. Cobleigh. Early in the spring of 1871, work was again commenced, and as fast as track was laid, trains for the accommodation of the public were run, and so considerable was the traffic that it was evident the enterprise would be a paying one. In 1S71 the road was leased to the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway Com- pany; lease to take effect upon the completion of the road by the contractors. The road was completed to Decatur on the 6th day of Oc- tober, 1871. The Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway op- erated the road for four and a half years. The road had been mortgaged for $16,000 per mile, and the lease held by the Toledo, Wabash & Western required that company to pay the interest on this indebtedness, and to main- tain the road. In the spring of 1876, the To- ledo, Wabash & Western, having failed for about two years in the payment of interest, the bondholders foreclosed the mortgage and sold the road. It was bid in by them for $500,- 000, and was reorganized as the Pekin, Lin- coln & Decatur Railway Company. C. R. Cum- mings was chosen President; J. B. Cohrs, Sec- retary; R. A. Bunker, Treasurer, and John S. Cook, General Manager. The road was opera- ted under this management until the fall of 1876. Mr. Cook resigned as General Manager, when that office was abolished, and G. R. Cob- leigh was appointed General Superintendent, which position he held for some years. Before the time of his election to his present position, which was December 1, 1878, Mr. Cobleigh was Purchasing Agent and superintendent of track. After various vicissitudes this road has come under the management of the Illinois Central system, and is run in connection with the several branches of that road. CHICAGO, PEKIN & SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- ROAD. The Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern Railroad Company is the successor of the Chicago & Plainfield Railroad Company. The first char- ter of the Chicago & Plainfield Company was approved February 24, 1859. The corporators named therein were: Lyman Foster, D. W. Cropsy, K. J. Hammond, G. W. Bradley, John Moore, John Letsey, A. K. Wheeler, William Thurber and Benj. Pickertson. They were em- powered to locate and construct a railroad from Chicago, by way of Plainfield, to or near Ot- tawa. On the 25th of February, 1867, an amendment to the charter was approved which provided that said company be allowed "to ex- tend their line of railroad from some eligible point therein near the southern line of Ken- dall County, thence southwesterly into the County of Peoria." Again, on the 29th of March, 1869, an amendatory act was passed to the above charter, providing "that said cor- poration, heretofore known as the 'Chicago & Plainfield Railroad Company,' shall hereafter be known and called the 'Chicago & Pekin Railroad Company'," and in this act it was provided that the said company should have the right to locate and build their line of road through Groveland Township, Tazewell County, to Pekin, and that it should be authorized and empowered to receive subscriptions and dona- tions to aid in the construction of said road, and also to borrow money and to issue bonds to the extent of $15,000 per mile, to obtain funds to construct and equip the line. April 19, 1869, the name was again changed to the present one. The first Board of Directors of the Company was elected June 29, 1869, and consisted of B. S. Prettyman, P. Weyhrich, George Greigg, C. R. Cummings, John M. Dougherty, W. A- Ross, B. H. Harris, C. Sharp, H. R. Kiff, J. R. T. Overholt, J. Dievenbaugh, E. T. Pierce and R. Clark. The first contract for building the road was made between the Chicago & Peki» Company and Richard P. Morgan, who was afterwards joined by E. T. Pierce. This con- tract was declared forfeited by the first Board of the Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern Railroad Company, and another contract entered into by said Board with Messrs. Roderick Clark of LaSalle County, Craige Sharp of Woodford HISTORY OP TAZEWELL COUNTY. 861 County and Edgar T. Pierce of LaSalle County. Pierce, Clark and Sharp did some grading on the line and purchased some materials, but soon became embarrassed in their work and failed. On April 14, 1871, the contract of Pierce, Clark & Sharp was, with consent of all parties interested, transferred to Col. Ralph Plumb, of Streator, in order more vigorously to pros- ecute the work. On June 29, 1871, on the res- ignation of R. Clark, F. E. Hinckley was elect- ed a member of the Board of Directors. On January 9, 1872, F. E. Hinckley was elected President and F. Plumb, Secretary. From the last date forward, the work was prosecuted with vigor and determination, and results be- gan to show, although hindered and harassed by litigation caused by former mismanagement. On December 18, 1872, the contractor, Col. Plumb, announced to the Board of Directors that the track was laid from Streator to Pekin, sixty-four miles, and a few days later (January 6, 1873), that portion of the road was opened for business, and continued to be operated be- tween these points until February, 1876, when an extension of the line from Streator to the Mazon River was turned over by the con- tractor to the company, and by the acquirement of a few miles of road from Mazon River to Joliet, the Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern Rail- road constructed a short, direct line from Pe- kin to Joliet. This road was afterwards pur- chased- by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Company, to which company it now belongs. ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAIL- ROAD. , About the year 1873, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Road was built from Streator to Chillicothe, in Peoria County, and thence west- ward, and later on it acquired the Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern, with a terminus at Pe- kin. At Eureka it unites with the Toledo. Peoria & Western Railroad Company, with which it has a joint use of its track to Pekin Junction, a short distance east of Washington. The Santa Fe, within a few years past, has enlarged its yardage here by the purchase of real estate. For quite a while it has sought to get into Peoria from Pekin, and rumors at various times have connected it with other railroad interests looking to this Peoria con- nection. At the present writing, however, Pe- kin is the terminus of the road. PEORIA & PEKIN UNION RAILROAD. The old Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville Road crossed the river at Pekin and ran up on the west side to Peoria for many years. The Pe- kin, Lincoln & Decatur Road, afterwards the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville, had been built, also the Cincinnati, Cleveland, Chicago & St. Louis, known as the "Big Four" Railroad. These roads looked toward Peoria as offering a more profitable terminus than Pekin, but the way did not seem clear to effect their ob- ject. A charter had been granted to a com- pany called the Chicago & Springfield Com- pany, which procured the right of way and constructed that part of its road from Peoria to Pekin, including the bridge across the Il- linois River at the place now known as Bridge Junction. The Indiana, Bloomington & West- ern and the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur lines had obtained the right of way over this road by lease. It is probably true that it was never the in- tention of the incorporators of the Chicago, Peoria & Springfield to extend the road far- ther south than Pekin, and in this connection it is proper to say that the scheme or organi- zation of the Peoria & Pekin Union Company began to unfold. John B. Cohrs, at that time one of Pekin's most prominent attorneys, was the originator of the Peoria & Pekin Union combination and, owing to his legal skill and foresight, this road is one of the richest for its length in the United States. The first move made was to secure the condemnation of the bridge at Pekin over which the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville had been running, which re- sulted in forcing that company to run up on the Tazewell side of the river and pay rent for the privilege for so doing. The Peoria & Springfield Road, as well as the Peoria & Jack- sonville Road, having been sold under decree of foreclosure, the purchasers entered into an arrangement with the Indianapolis & Western and the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur for the joint use of the tracks by the four roads named, and to that end the Peoria & Pekin Union Railroad was formed, and the two tracks between Peoria and Pekin were conveyed to it, the stock being divided between those four roads. 862 HISTOKY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. It will be seen that the Peoria & Peldn Union Railway Company is one of the most wealthy railway corporations for the length of its track in the United States. All roads entering Peoria, with the exception of the Rock Island, pay tribute to the Peoria & Pekin Union. The main road, as we have stated, is only ten miles in length, and yet it has over 100 miles of track, owning all switching facilities in Peoria, except those of the Rock Island Railway. For four years past there has been a double-track from Pekin to Wesley City. CHICAGO, ALTON & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. The Jacksonville branch of the Chicago, Al- ton & St. Louis Railroad, which runs from Bloomington through this county to Jackson- ville, is the outgrowth of the old Tonica & Petersburgh Railroad. This road was chartered January 15, 1857, as its name suggests, to run from Tonica, through Tazewell County, to Petersburgh and Jacksonville. The county voted to bond itself for $100,000 in aid of the road, but work progressed very slowly. After building the line from Jacksonville to Peters- burgh work stopped, and the whole thing came to a stand-still. Finally the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis people offered to advance money to complete the road, if the company would al- low it to run to Bloomington, thus making it a feeder of their main line. The proposition was accepted, and the road was completed in 1868. While it is controlled by the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Company, a separate organi- zation is still kept up. Its charter will allow the extension of the road from Jacksonville, in a northeast direction indefinitely through the State, and it is said to be the only railroad charter with such indefinite privileges. It was drawn up by Richard Yates. The Directors mentioned in the charter are as follows: Al- bert Reynolds, Elijah N. Farnsworth, Jesse Hammers, Josiah Sawyer, Henry R. Green, John Bennett, William G. Green, William Crow, and Richard Yates. George Straut, formerly of Delavan, was the first Presfdent of the road. This company for many years was a branch of, a line from Dwight to "Varna in Marshall County, where it again branched to Lacon in that county, and Washington in Tazewell Coun- ty. In recent years it had a running arrange- ment with the Toledo, Peoria & Western, whereby its trains ran into Peoria and thence over the tracks of what is now the Illinois Central Railroad to Delavan, where it formed h junction with its Kansas City branch, and to Lincoln in Logan County, where it met its main line from Chicago to St. Louis. Recently, however, it has acquired the St. Louis, Peoria & Northern Railroad, which was built in 1896 to 1898, and put into operation with its junc- tion with the Peoria & Pekin Union at Grove Station, and thence into Peoria over the Peoria & Pekin Union tracks. This road, as before stated, after passing into the hands of the Chi- cago & Alton, now makes connection with the Bloomington & Kansas City branch at San Jose in Mason County, and with its main line at Springfield, 111. It thus affords a direct line from Peoria to Springfield, and puts the peo- ple of Pekin within an hour's ride of the State Capital, a consummation never dreamed of fifty years ago. ILLINOIS MIDLAND. This is a consolidation of the Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur and the Paris & Decatur Railroads. The road was constructed in 1872. 'Its line ex- tends from Terre Haute, Ind., to Peoria, 111., a distance of 176 miles. There are more miles of this road in Tazewell County than of any of its' other seven roads. It leaves Peoria, en- tering the county at Fond du Lac, running di- agonally through Morton, touching Tremont, passing south through Mackinaw, Little Mack- inaw and Hittle. There are twenty-nine miles of track of the Illinois Midland in this county, valued at $57,000. This road was largely constructed in the interest of Peoria, which subscribed $100,000 of its capital stock. It was completed from its junction with the Toledo, Peoria & Western, at Farmdale, to Decatur in 1874. By the con- solidation of these roads with the Paris & De- catur Company, chartered in 1861, and the Paris & Terre Haute Company, chartered in 1874, a new company was formed called the Illinois Midland Company. In 1861 this road was sold under foreclosure and, in February, 1887, was organized as the Terre Haute & Peoria Rail- road. In 1892 it was leased for a period of 99 years to the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and became known as a part of the "Vandalia System." HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 863 TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILROAD. One of the principal arteries by which the produce of the Northwest is transported to the seaboard is the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad. Under its present able management it has taken rank with the greater lines of our country, its road-bed is level, well ironed and smooth. Its rolling stock, both freight cars and coaches, is equal to that run by the oldest ;md most prosperous of roads. The Toledo, Peoria & Western was formerly the eastern extension of the Peoria & Oquawka Road, which was constructed in about 1860. It was changed to the Toledo, Peoria & War- saw about 1864, and in February, 1875, was given into the hands of A. L. Hopkins as re- ceiver, who is one of the ablest railroad men in the United States. The road was reorgan- ized in 1880 under its present name. It crosses the Illinois River at Peoria, runs through Fond du Lac and Washington townships, passing through the city of Washington. There are sixteen miles of this road in Tazewell County. PEORIA & PEKIN TERMINAL RAILWAY. On March 7, 1898, the City Council of Pekin .passed an ordinance granting the Peoria & Pe- kin Traction Company, its successors or as- signs, the right to construct piers and abut- ments, and lay and maintain railway track along and across certain streets, avenues and public property in the city of Pekin. Its fran- chise simply provided for the track from the foot of Ann Eliza Street to the distilleries south of the city. This ordinance was the culmination of much discussion between the City Council on the one hand, and the promoters of the enterprise on the other. The object of the Traction Com- pany was obscure to the minds of the mem- bers of the Council and the citizens. It could not be ascertained whether a steam railway was to be constructed, or whether the line was to be operated by electricity. The promoters sought to secure an ordinance granting the right to construct an electric railway system on several of the streets, including Court Street, and also desired to include the Court House Square in a loop, to which the Council would not give its consent. In the meantime the Citizens' Improvement Association had purchased of T. & H. Smith & Co., for the sum of $4,000, the ground on which this Terminal depot is now located. This was afterwards sold to the Traction Company for $5,000. Various extensions of the time for comple- tion of the proposed railway were made from time to time by the Council, and it was not until the 15th of August, 1898, that any ac- tive steps were taken toward the fulfilment of the promises made by the promoters of the railway. On that day a pile-driver anchored up the river about three hundred feet from the wagon bridge, and on August 27th the Com- pany began to grade the lot purchased from the Improvement Association. Even then, many wondered whether or not the Traction Company meant to build the road. Various suppositions were indulged as to what the ac- tion taken might mean. Many people conjec- tured that the Peoria & Pekin Union was at the bottom of the scheme. Not until some months afterward did the sincerity of the Peoria & Pekin Traction Company become ap- parent. However, during the year 1899, the work was prosecuted along the entire line. The bridge now spanning the Illinois River was almost completed, and on March 5, 1900, the draw was ready to swing, but not until the 10th of that month was this done. At 2:40 p. m. the long- anticipated event took place. A large crowd had assembled and the draw was swung. Miss Adelaide Jansen, of Pekin, and Miss Edith Pi'oder, of Feoria, each in behalf of her city, broke a bottle of champagne on the draw as it started from its moorings. This is said to be the longest and best constructed bridge on the river. It consists of four spans of 157 feet each, with a draw of 376 feet, making its total length 1,004 feet. It is said to have cost nearly $200,000. During the construction of the bridge the present depot was built at a cost of $20,000. The power houses were located at South Bar- tonville, and the principal station on the road . is also there. The first car to make the complete trip be- tween this city and Peoria was No. 53, which arrived in Pekin Monday, April 2, 1900, at 2:15 p. m. The regular schedule on which cars have been run ever since was put into effect at 4:45 p. m., on the same day. SG4 HISTOEY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. It was the original intention of the Traction Company to run up Washington Street, in Peoria, but the right of way could not be ob- tained because of opposition on the part of the Peoria Central Railway Company, and some of the property owners on that street. Arrange- ments were afterwards made, however, to con- nect with the Adams Street line of the Peoria street railway system at Western Avenue, and the road is now so operated. The service on the Terminal, so far as the passenger transportation is concerned, has been satisfactory in the main. During the years 1903 and 1904 the high water washed the grade across the river bottom to such an extent that travel was interrupted for about two weeks in 1903, and for a longer time than that in 1904. To prevent further trouble of this char- acter, the Company has raised the grade from the west end of the bridge spanning the river, across the bottom to Hollis, aiming to place the track four feet above high water mark. At this writing this has been practically done, and it is thought that there will be no repetition of this trouble in the future. All doubts as to whether the road was to be operated by electricity and whether it was to be made a street-car line, gave way to cer- tainty some time prior to the completion of the road. The result is that the citizens of both Pekin and Peoria feel that the means of com- munication thus established between the two cities has been a material benefit to both. Prior to the completion of this railway the passenger fare between the two places, in early years, was fifty cents. Later, the fare was re- duced to fifty cents per round trip. The com- petition brought about by the construction of this street-car line has reduced the fare to fifteen cents per trip except on the Peoria & Pekin Union, which makes a single fare at ten cents, or fifteen cents for a round trip. The frequency and cheapness of travel since the completion of the Terminal has established a much closer and more intimate acquaintance between the people of the city up the river and those of Pekin. From a financial stand- point it is not so certain that the ease with which the Pekin people get to Peoria is of benefit to the retail business of the former city. CHAPTER XIX. PRESS OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. EARLY NEWSPAPERS POST-TRIBUNE — TAZEWELL MIRROR — TAZEWELL COUNTY TRIBUNE — PEKIN TIMES — DELAVAN ADVERTISER — TAZEWELL INDE- PENDENT — WASHINGTON HERALD — DELAVAN TIMES — MINIER NEWS HOPEDALE TIMES MAC- KINAW, ENTERPRISE — WASHINGTON POST — LOCAL COUNTRY PRESS. The press everywhere is regarded as one of the most powerful agents for the good of so- ciety. Its influence, in a large measure, dom- inates every home, carries to it daily or week- ly the news of the world's progress. The pio- neer press, as were all pioneer agencies and influences, was limited in circulation. The "make-up" of all newspapers in the early days would be regarded as a curiosity in a modern print shop. The type was invariably set by hand and the paper printed on some crude hand press, while the foreign news was any- where from one to three months old. Society being in its early stages of development, local news was scarce and confined to happenings somewhat momentous in their character for the times in which they occurred. The daily newspaper, prior to the fifties, was never seen in a farm house, and a large majority of coun- try people took no paper of any kind. There were magazine publications which reached the homes of the comparatively well-to-do, but the reading matter of the masses was con- fined to the Bible and such books as "Jose- phus," "Fox's Book of Martyrs," and a few similar publications. Periodicals, however, came into more general circulation after 1850. With the building of the railroads throughout the State, the mails became more frequent, great centers of civilization were more quickly and more easily reached, and the desire for literature grew rapidly among the people. The newspapers became more pronounced and progressive in their character, and as the align- ment between political parties became more clearly defined, the necessity for party organs grew out of the conditions which had their origin shortly after what is known as the "pio- neer period" had passed away. The present time shows a contrast so marked with the early stages of newspaper de- HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. 865 velopment that the progress seems almost mar- velous. Anyone, fifty years ago, prophesying that which a half century has wrought, would have been looked upon as one of unsound mind. No one then could have been made to believe that the morning newspapers, pub- lished one hundred fifty miles from their homes, would be laid down at the farmer's door before the dinner hour of the same day. No one would ever have believed that the dwellers in cities would know before they ate their breakfasts, what had transpired in Japan, in Russia, in Italy, or in California, not to exceed a period of ten hours earlier, and be a matter of discussion among the family at the morning table. Such, however, are the mar- velous developments of civilization, of prog- ress, of science and of human enterprise. Tazewell County has kept pace with the on- ward march, and her people have opportunities second to none. The appreciation which they show of progressive enterprise is evidenced by the fact that there are now published in Taze- well County sixteen different newspapers, all of which seem prosperous and well patronized in their respective localities, and some of them have a general circulation throughout the en- tire county. The press in Tazewell County is progressive in its management and pronounced in its convictions. In recent years it has placed itself upon a high plane, and has the confi- dence of its patrons everywhere. "We give below a condensed history of the newspapers published in the county now, and the facts, as nearly as we can ascertain them, of those which have at any time had an existence in Tazewell County. THE POST-TRIBUNE. The history of "The Post-Tribune" and its predecessors dates back to 1836. May 9, 1875, the files of previous publications were de- stroyed by fire, and the history of "The Post- Tribune" and its predecessors is largely made up of individual recollections extending back to 1836. In the month of October, 1848. "The Taze- well Mirror" was purchased from John S. Lawrence by John Smith, now of Princeton, 111. In 1850 Smith sold to Bernard Bailey, but re- purchased "The Mirror" in 1851 in company with Adam Henderson. Henderson remained a member of the firm but six months, when John Smith became sole publisher and proprietor. In 1855 Smith moved the material of the office to Toulon, Stark County. Thomas J. Pickett, after the removal of Smith, procured a com- plete outfit and revived the paper but called it "The Tazewell County Mirror." In 1860, at the commencement of the fam- ous Lincoln and Douglas campaign for the Presidency, the Republican party had no organ in Pekin. John Smith, the same gentleman who published "The Mirror," came back to Pekin, bought out "The Mirror" and started "The Republican." Smith ran "The Republi- can" until 1862. Shortly before this, Hezekiah Naylor and O. White started "The Patriot," which had a short, unsuccessful run, when it failed, and in 1862, Hart Montgomery went in with Naylor and bought "The Republican" from Smith. They published it until William W. Sellers got a hold of it in 1863. He con- ducted it until his death which occurred De- cember 15, 1872. It was then conducted by his administrators for a short time, when Jacob R. Riblett and William H. Bates purchased it. They conducted it jointly for three months, when Bates withdrew. In 1875 D. W. Lusk bought Riblett out, merging "The Pekin Herald" with it, and remained its proprietor until No- vember 3, 1876, when Bates again became its owner and kept possession until February 3, 1879, when Joseph B. Bates of the Lincoln, 111., Republican, and now editor of "The Blooming- ton Pantagraph," purchased it. Mr. Bates was succeeded by Joe P. Reed, and he by Reuben W. Coon, who sold out in 1886 to J. B. Irwin. In the same year Irwin started the "Daily Post" and continued the publication of both papers until his death in 1900. "The Daily Tribune" was established in 1895 by the Tri- bune Printing Company, and was consolidated with "The Post" as "The Pekin Daily Post-Tri- bune," in 1900. THE TAZEWELL COUNTY TRIBUNE. This paper was first issued under the man- agement of William H. Bates, who sold the pa- per to Joe P. Reed. Reed continued its pub- lication for a few weeks when it was sus- pended. The concern fell into the hands of Wells Corey on July 25, 1889, and was merged with "The Republican-Post" in 1900, making it the oldest newspaper in Tazewell County and one of the first to be published in Central Illinois. Mr. Corey was the first manager of 866 HISTORY OF TAZEWELL COUNTY. the present "Post-Tribune," making it, there- fore, the successor of the papers published by Irwin and "The Tazwell County Tribune," first issued by Corey. The present manager of the Tribune Printing Company is John H. Shade, who has been iden-" tilled with it in various capacities since 1891. The Tribune Printing Company has recently moved into the building formerly occupied by "The Pekin Times" at 405 Court Street. It has a thoroughly equipped and