f+S- ■ L (i^atneU InioerHitg ffiibrarg SUiatu, ^eta loth FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY The date shows when this volume was taken To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES 7^ All Books subject to recall All borrowers must regis- ter in the library to bor- row books for home use. All books must be re- iW f";v. ' turned at end of college ;-;; year for inspection and repfdrs. _,, Limited books must be returned within the fom* week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. , Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from ■ town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not al- lowed to circulate. Headers are asked to re- port all cases of books marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library HS539.C38 C91 1906 Histor/ of Crescent Lodoe^^N^^^^^ 3 1924 030 289 197 olin,anx Cornell University Library The original of this bool< is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030289197 HISTORY CRESCENT LODGE HISTORY OF Crescent Lodge No. 25, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons Cedar Rapids, Iowa From Its Organization in 1 850, to the Close of the Year 1905 BY JOS. E. MORCOMBE ( Historian of the Grand Lodge oE Iowa ) Prepared Under the Supervision of the Committee on History and Published by Authority of the Lodge REPUBLICAN PRINTING COMPANY CEDAR RAPI03. lOWA 1906 A ^^6 92.1 To the memory of the loyal and devoted pioneer Masons of Cedar Rapids, to whose self-sacrilicing labors we of a later genera- tion owe much in traditional sentiment and material prosperity this, the History of Crescent Lodge No. 25 is fraternally dedi- cated This history has been prepared under the direct and close supervision of the under- signed committee appointed by Crescent Lodge, and is submitted to the Brothers for their approval as "true, square work." TTios. M. Giberson C. B. Whelpley L. T. Weld PREFACE IT needs but few words to set forth the intentions of this book. It is presented as a record, in- adequate but fairly consecutive, of the varying fortunes of a Masonic lodge. "The ruthless hand of time," aided by the carelessness of men, have wrought destruction of such early documents as would have niade the narrative complete. In de- fault of original and unquestioned information the historian has sought to piece out his work from many sources. Some other things might even now be added, but the story of the years has been com- pleted, and the book cast in final shape. Correc- tions and additions will fall to the task of whoever may keep and preserve present affairs for the his- torian of the future. The historian would here acknowledge the un- failing kindness of the committee having super- vision of the work. That the book is in any measure a success is owing to the devoted attention of these brothers. Their suggestions have been invaluable and their advice always wise and per- tinent. Crescent Lodge has reason to be proud of its history. Upon its past and present lists of member- ship are to be found the names of those best known and most highly honored in the community. They have borne men's part in all affairs wherein the 8 History Crescent Lodge city has benefited. They were intimately asso- ciated with its eariiest growth, and have had large part in its later growth and prosperity. In the dark days of civil strife one-half its membership gave willing patriot service, and some of these returned no more to the altar where they had made pledge of loyalty. Masonry has been a strong factor in the life of Cedar Rapids. We know that its influence will not wane with the present generation of Craftsmen. We trust that the future history of the lodge and of the fraternity will reveal yet greater and nobler things. Jos. E. MORCOMBE. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, October i, 1905. CONTENTS PAGE Dedication 5 Preface 7 Chapter I — Rise of the Fraternity 15 Chapter II — Masonry in America 23 Chapter III — ^The Grand Lodge of Iowa. 36 Chapter IV — Organization of Crescent Lodge 48 Chapter V — 1851-1854 59 Chapter VI — i854-i8i;5 73 Chapter VII— 1856-1860 88 Chapter VIII — Review of the First De- cade 104 Chapter IX — 1860-1865 121 Chapter X — 1865-1870 148 Chapter XI — 1870-1875 177 Chapter XII— i87i;-i88o 197 Chapter XIII— 1880-1885 224 Chapter XIV— 1885-1890 254 Chapter XV— 1890-1895 285 Chapter XVI — 1895-1900 334 Chapter XVII — 1900-1905 380 Chapter XVIII — War History of the Lodge 418 Biographies — Charter Members 427 Biographies — Worshipful Masters 465 Biographies — Prominent Members 549 Some Stray Incidents 569 HISTORY CRESCENT LODGE CHAPTER I. RISE OF THE FRATERNITY. IN preparing the history of a Masonic body it is needful to give some account of the rise and progress of the fraternity itself. The origin of the institution has tempted many pens to a subject for which they were little prepared. As a conse- quence, much that is labeled history is worthless. False and absurd statements have been perpet- uated, and several generations of Craftsmen have been misled by the authorities from whom they sought information. It remained for a realistic school of historians, having access to such doc- uments as have survived the years and with an in- finite patience for research, to rewrite the records of Masonry. To these erudite and laborious breth- ren are we indebted for what is really known of the period antedating establishment_ of the Grand Lodge of England in 17 17. Yet this work is not complete. New investigations occasionally bring out fresh facts, to modify former judgments or strengthen a weak line of indications. From that which is available the present writer can only synopsize and group the main and essential points. So-called historians of the past, having knowl- edge only of Masonic traditions and symbolism, yet with indistinct and confused notion of critical 14 History Crescent Lodge values, shirked the difficulties by claiming an im- mense antiquity for the institution. That Masonic teachings are very ancient will not be denied; that its symbolism is in large part inherited from the remote past is also beyond question. But the continuity of Craft existence beyond the past few centuries is at least nqt proven. Time and again through the long ages the ripening thoughts of men have demanded new expression. The old formulas have no longer satisfied, or false meanings have attached with weight of authority to speech and symbol. Yet with changed creed or cult the old emblems have not vanished — they have been revivified with new interpretation. When Christianity supplanted Paganism with more ennobling solutions of human problems, neither the symbolism of the past nor all of its mythology were discarded with the dead idols and imperfect ideals. As a great and pre- cious legacy the new religion received and retained the emblems which men of many ages had ac- counted sacred. These preserved to the future the deepest thoughts and aspirations of forgotten gen- erations. With added meanings these serve still to foster faith and enlighten devotion. So, too, the occult phases of thought, the philosophic and moral ideals of the past were expressed in purest symbols. Age after age received these forms, learning their arcane meanings as the wisdom of the fathers. The continuity of associative ex- istence was broken, as new conditions necessitated change, but the symbolic legacy passed from one to History Crescent Lodge 15 another with but slight impairment or loss. Thus came the soul or real science of Masonry — now, alas, a neglected wealth ! — rich with the wisdom of ages. For the fraternity is but the careless or unappreciative heir. It has but preserved this heritage during a comparatively brief period. It would be an interesting and instructive quest to follow the significant emblems of Masonry back- ward through the past, and thus trace the line of intellectual descent, but space forbids such digression. It is often the case that some lordly family line, proud of lineage and foi-ming unions only within the circle of its equals, finds its later generations weak and lacking in virility. Then from some ruder, rugged stock there is accession of new blood and vigor and the mesalliance becomes the saving fact of the family genealogy. So I believe that a middle age representative of speculative wisdom, outworn in that barren life period, with the in- heritance of all the ages worthless and unused in its feeble hands, was fortunately engrafted upon the body of operative Masonry, and that from this timely union has resulted the fraternity of our own times. Men of ancient learning found this virile and closely guarded association admirably adapted to their purposes. That they sought en- trance in ever-increasing numbers would indicate a purpose beyond mere affiliation with a body of skilled artisans. The entrance of the speculative elements, gave permanence to a body which in the broadening life of the times, must have soon passed 1 6 History Crescent Lodge into obscurity or become extinct. Its vigor was thus given new direction and purpose and assured its perpetuity. "Had it not been for the introduc- tion of speculative membership," says Bro. Hugh- an, "that is, the initiation of gentlemen and others who were not Freemasons, or those who had no m- tentions of becoming such, as a means of livelihood — during the seventeenth century, especially — it looks as if the Ancient Fraternity of Free and Ac- cepted Masons would have ceased to exist long ere this, and its histoi7, generally, would well-nigh have been forgotten. The preservation of our time-honored institution, at a period when the 'Old Charges' almost wholly ceased to be influen- tial as trade rules and authoritative guides, is due more to the Speculative than to the Operative por- tion of the fraternity, in providing for the intro- duction of other elements than those originally con- templated, by which the permanency and continuity of the fraternity have been secured to this day. Unfortunately there are extant no records of ac- tual lodge meetings prior to the year 1599, so that the exact proportion which the Speculative bore to the Operative element, in such assemblies before that period, is more or less a matter of conjecture, though of its Speculative character, in part, there is no doubt." To fortify his position this eminent and accurate Masonic historian gives copious ex- tracts from the minutes of early lodges, especially those of Scotland, which reveal the reception, ini- tiation and presence of Speculative Masons. In the diai7 of Elias Ashmole (October 16, History Crescent Lodge 17 1646), that distinguished English antiquarian and chemist notes that he "was made a Freemason at Warrington, in Lancashire, with Coll. Henry Mainwaring of Karmecham in Cheshire." Of this meeting B. H. Rylands declares, that so far as he is able to judge, "there is not a scrap of evidence that there was a single operative Mason present," but considers "the whole of the evidence seems to point in the opposite direction." As has been before stated, the minutes of Scot- tish lodges are extant from 1599, and from that date we are on reasonably sure ground in our tracing of the fraternity. But copies of the Manu- script Constitutions, or "Old Charges," have been preserved from a much earlier date. Oldest among these is what is known as the Regius MS. or Halli- well Poem, the original of which is in the British Museum. This document is given approximate date of 1390 and is said by Bro. Woodford to have been written by an ecclesiastical scribe from a still earlier manuscript. In the rude poetical form of Anglo-Saxon minstrelsy, is given the legend of the Craft, made familiar to Masons by later charges. Through the untiring and skilful search of English Masonic scholars and antiquar- ians a large number of these manuscript constitu- tions have been recovered, their dates fixed and their forms carefully studied. The series now available covers all the intervening period between date of the Regius MS. and the time of the "re- vival" in 17 1 7. The minute-books of the old Scottish lodges. 1 8 History Crescent Lodge dating from 1600, have also been carefully studied and the facts of value published by indefatigable brethren to the great enlightenment of the Craft. While these can not be more than mentioned here, it may not be amiss to report the conclusion, a conclusion generally reached and held by those most competent to judge. While these ancient brethren were divided into Apprentices, Fellows and Masters, as at present, these terms applied only to operative grade or standing. The only form of initiation was simple and brief and there were no ascending degrees. The Apprentice hav- ing received the "Mason Word," with whatever else of sign and token was included, was privileged to attend all meetings of his lodge; to witness the essays or trials of work by which other apprentices were passed as Fellow Crafts, or journeymen; and to vote for Master or other officers of the organiza- tion. Not until the fraternity had adopted the Grand Lodge system of government, and had be- come a purely speculative body was the present system of three degrees evolved from the legends of the Craft. Degrees and ritual are therefore of comparatively modern origin. It is only as we approach the so-called revival of 1 7 17 and the establishment of the Grand Lodge of England that we tread upon certain ground. Before that date, as we have seen, there are only fragments of history and a few ancient documents to be laboriously pieced by the Masonic historians. But with this revival begins a continuous and ever increasing light of history. History Crescent Lodge 19 According to traditions or fabrications of Ander- son and Preston, the first charter granted in Eng- land to the Masons as a body was bestowed by King Athelstan in 926, upon the application of his brother, Prince Edwin. From the assembly at York resulting therefrom the rise of Masonry in England is dated. From the statutes there enacted is said to have been derived the English Masonic constitution, and from the place of meeting the rit- ual of the English lodges was designated as the "Ancient York Rite." For a long time (still following the tradition) the York assembly exercised Masonic jurisdiction over all England, but in 1567 the Masons of the southern part of the island elected for themselves a grand master. There were thus two grand mas- ters, who assumed distinctive titles, the grand master of the north being called Grand Master of All England, while he who presided in the south was called Grand Master of England. In the beginning of the eighteenth century Masonry in the south of England had fallen into decay. There were in the year 1 7 1 5 but few lodges in the south of England, all working in the city of London. These lodges, being desirous of re- viving the prosperity of the order, determined to unite themselves under a grand master. The occurrences which took place then are thus detailed by Preston: "On the accession of George I the Masons in London and its environs, finding themselves de- prived of Sir Christopher Wren and their annual 20 History Crescent Lodge meetings discontinued, resolved to cement them- selves under a new grand master and to revive com- munications and annual festivals of the society. With this view the lodges at the Goose and Grid- iron, in St. Paul's Churchyard; the Crown, in Parker's Lane, near Drury Lane ; the Apple Tree Tavern in Charles Street, Covent Garden, and the Rummer and Grapes Tavern, in Channel Row, Westminster, the only four lodges in being in the south of England at that time, with some other old brethren, met at the Apple Tree Tavern above mentioned, in February, 17 17, and having voted the oldest Master Mason then present into the chair, constituted themselves a grand lodge pro tempore in due form. At this meeting it was re- solved to hold quarterly communications of the fraternity, and to hold the next annual assembly and feast on the 24th of June at the Goose and Gridiron in St. Paul's Churchyard (in compliment to the oldest lodge which then met there) for the purpose of electing a grand master among them- selves, till they should have the honor of a noble brother at their head. Accordingly, on St. John the Baptist's day, 17 17, in the third year of the reign of King George I, the assembly and feast were held at the said house, and when the oldest Master Mason and the master of the lodge, having taken the chair, a list of proper candidates for the office of grand master was pi-oduced, and the names being separately proposed, the brethren, by a great majority of hands, elected Mr. Anthony Sayer grand master of Masons for the ensuing History Crescent Lodge 21 year, who was forthwith invested by the sa,id old- est master, installed by the master of the oldest lodge, and duly congratulated by the assembly who paid him homage. The grand master then entered on the duties of his office, appointed his wardens, and commended the brethren of the four lodges to meet him and his wardens quarterly in communica- tion, enjoining them at the same time to recom- mend to all the fraternity a punctual attendance upon the next annual assembly and feast." "The 'four old lodges' for certain, and probably more," says Hughan, "took part in the proceedings of that eventful gathering, and from that body, so formed, has sprung, directly or indirectly, every Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, working three degrees, in the universe." We fol- low the same safe authority further: "The Grand Lodge of Ireland, at Dublin, was formed 1728- 1729, but there was one held previously at Cork, as the 'Grand Lodge for Munster,' certainly as early as 1725. The Scottish brethren did not fol- low the example set by England until 1736. * * * From this trio of Grand Lodges, sit- uated in Great Britain and Ireland, have sprung all the thousands of lodges, wherever distributed, throughout the 'wide, wide world.' " Within a few years after establishment of Grand Lodge in England, dissensions and differ- ences arose between the brethren. The Grand Officers and others in control were accused of in- troducing innovations and changes not warranted by the old constitutions and regulations. In 1738 22 History Crescent Lodge these dissentients seceded from the regular Ma- sonic body of the kingdom and formed themselves as an independent and sovereign Grand Lodge. Claiming that they preserved their ceremonies in the original forms, these seceders arrogated to themselves the title of "Ancients," and as a term of reproach styled those holding to the regular Grand Lodge as "Moderns." This schismatic body grew rapidly upon these false claims, and chartered many lodges in England and the colonies. Thus there were two Grand Lodges in England, work- ing in direct opposition to each other until 1813, when the trivial differences were healed and Eng- lish Masonry was consolidated under the title of the "United Grand Lodge of Ancient Free Ma- sons of England." From that time to the present the Mother Grand Lodge has held its place, free from dissension or strife — the largest Masonic body of the world, and the fountain of authority for Craftsmen in all the newer lands of the earth. Thus bringing up briefly the story of Masonic organization into the present Grand Lodge sys- tem I propose in the succeeding chapter to glance at the introduction of the institution into America, and to trace out the line through which the Grand Lodge of Iowa derives. CHAPTER II. MASONRY IN AMERICA. THE first faint trace of Masonry in America was indicated, according to our Brother Sereno Nickerson of Massachusetts, in the discov- ery at Goat Island, N. S., in 1827, of an engraved stone bearing date of 1606, and on which appears the square and compasses arranged in Masonic fashion. By some this is assumed to have been a gravestone erected over the ashes of an operative brother, while others, with greater reason, hold it to have been a memorial set up by European emi- grants as a memorial of their first possession of the country. A tradition still holds that a party of wealthy Jews, migrating from Holland to Rhode Island, met at Newport, and there, in the year 1658, con- ferred the Masonic degrees. The evidence is, to say the least, extremely doubtful and receives but little credence among competent investigators. Further, it is alleged, again on insufficient author- ity, that a lodge was authorized at Boston in 1720, by dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Eng- land, but that its meetings were soon discontinued. In 1730, during the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Norfolk, a deputation was granted Daniel 24 History Crescent Lodge Coxe, to be Provincial Grand Master of Nev/ York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. This was limited in time to two years. Within that period he made no report of official actions. The conclu- sion of the English authorities Is that Coxe did not estabhsh any lodges. But In the same year (1830) Benjamin Franklin, not yet at that time a iVIason, published In the Pennsylvania Gazette some ac- count of the fraternity in England, prefacing It with the remark that "there are several lodges of Free ■Masons erected in this province." It is prob- able that these lodges were simply gatherings of brethren, initiated In England, meeting with- out authority. In 1734 Franklin, by then a mem- ber of one of these bodies, applied to Henry Price, Provincial Grand Master for North America, ask- ing a charter. The record of the first Provincial Grand Lodge of New England shows that this pe- tition was granted. The entry bears date of June 24, 1734. After reciting the facts of the petition. It Is stated: "Our Right Worshipful Grand Mas- ter, having this year received orders from the Grand Todge in England to^ establish Alasoni-y In all North America, did send a deputation to Phil- adelphia, appointing the Right Worshipful Mr. Benjamin Franklin First Master, which is the be- ginning of Masonry there." From this time until about 1758 there are but scant records of Masonic acti\ity or progress In America. In that year the schismatic Grand Lodge established their first lodge in Philadelphia. The Grand Lodge of Scotland instituted a bodv and History Crescent Lodge 25 formed a Provincial Grand Lodge in Boston, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland did the same in New York. Thus the bodies of four Grand Lodges were at work in the colonies. However these old brethren may have differed on minor points of ritualistic expression or lodge government, they were evidently as one in patriotic sentiments, though perhaps the Royalists of the time were ta be found in great numbers in lodges holding to the old Grand Lodge or "Moderns." At the close of the Revolutionary War came the desire for Masonic independence. The two rival bodies in Massachusetts settled their differences and united March 5, 1792, as the "Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts." This union antedates that of England by twenty-two years. Pennsylvania had preceded her sister jurisdiction in casting loose from the Mother Grand Lodge, severing the re- lations at a quarterly communication held Septem- ber 25, 1786. By the time we have now reached Masonry had penetrated to all settled parts of the country, and was even to be found vigorously working at the further outposts of the pioneers. But in taking up the line which finally brought Craftsmanship into Iowa it is necessary that we again pass back to pre- revolutionary times. The chain binding our Ma- sonry to that of the Grand Lodge of England has its first link on this side the Atlantic in the Prov- ince, now State, of North CaroHna. 26 History Crescent Lodge There has been some controversy as to whether the first lodges of North Carolina were warranted by English or Scotch Masonic authority. The lat- ter theory, while eri-oneous, has been persistent. New currency has just been given it by a statement made in report on Correspondence for the Grand Lodge of South Dakota (1904). But In a letter since to the present writer, Brother S. A. Brown, the author of that report, admits error. In an ar- ticle published in the Masonic Voice-Review (August, 1904,) I endeavored to trace out the origin of each lodge In North Carolina existing prior to the establishment of Grand Lodge in that jurisdiction. While the records of some are miss- ing, there is no doubt as to the English origin of all. A communication received from Brother A. B. Andrews, Grand Master of the Grand Council of North Carolina, anent publication of article mentioned, brings me many facts relating to these old lodges, and confirms the position taken. Briefly summarized, the history of Masonry In North Carolina begins with Issuance of a warrant by the Grand Lodge of England (Moderns), di- rect, for a nameless body "at Wilmington, In Cape Fear River, In the Province of North Carolina, March, 1754 (calendar says 1755). This lodge was not listed until 1756, although the constitution was paid for June 27, 1754." August 21, 1767, Royal White Hart Lodge, at Halifax, N. C, was warranted by the same grand body. The first mentioned lodge now appears upon the roster of North Carolina as St. John's No. i, while the sec- History Crescent Lodge 27 ond retains its Royalist appellation, and is No. 2 of that grand jurisdiction. The Provincial Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania warranted a military lodge in North Carolina (being No. 20 on the Provin- cial Register) . The approximate date was about 1779, but this was soon vacated. The other bodies which, with those mentioned, constituted the Grand Lodge of North Carohna, derived with but one exception from the Provincial Grand Lodge of the colony. That exception was chartered for Pitt County, by the Provincial Grand Lodge (St. John's) of Massachusetts. The Grand Lodge formed by these constituents bears date from De- cember 9, 1787. But it was not until June 25, 1 79 1, that the old lodges were all re-numbered and new charters issued. The genealogical line passes thence into Tennes- see. From Gould's Larger History of Freema- sonry we quote: "TEe lodges in this State, with the exception of one that derived its origin from Kentucky, were all held under warrants from North Carolina until the close of 18 13. In that year — December 27 — by order of the Grand Mas- ter of North Carolina, a convention was called, at which eight lodges were represented, and the Grand Lodge of Tennessee was organized." Dur- ing at least a part of the time preceding this sep- aration the Masonic body of the two States was known officially as the "Grand Lodge of North Carolina and Tennessee." The deed of relinquish- ment of authority, signed by the Grand Master of North Carolina, is dated September 30, 18 13. 28 History Crescent Lodge The dates of organization of Tennessee lodges, established by North Carolina authority, range from December 17, 1796, to June 24, 18 12. The last mentioned (Cumberland No. 60, at Nash- ville) was still under dispensation when the Grand Lodge of Tennessee was organized. The next step is to Missouri. The first Masonic lodge in what is now that State was authorized by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. This warrant was granted in 1807 for Louisiana Lodge No. 109, "to be held in the town of Ste. Genevieve, Territory of Louisiana." The war of 18 12 greatly disturbed the new territoiy, and this, with other causes, affected the lodge hannfuUy. As a result its existence ended about 18 15. Another lodge, St. Louis No. Ill, was also authorized by Penn- sylvania, but there is no known record of its work or length of life. Missouri Lodge, at St. Louis, was on October 3, 181 5, granted dispensation by the Grand Master of Tennessee, and in the follow- ing year it was chartered as No. 12 of Tennessee. It is now No. I of the Gi'and Lodge of Missouri. By the same authority lodges were established at Elkton, Herculaneum and St. Charles. Repre- sentatives of three of these lodges met at St. Louis April 23, 1821, and organized the Grand Lodge of Missouri. A lodge at Jackson was in 1820 granted dispensation by the Grand Lodge of In- diana, and aftei-wards obtained charter from the new Grand Body of Missouri. From Missouri we pass to Iowa. Masonry with- in our borders dates from November 30, 1840, History Crescent Lodge 29 when Des Moines Lodge of Burlington (No. 41) was organized, dispensation therefor having been issued by the Deputy Grand Master of Missouri. The petition signed by brethren located in the then capital of the Territory was dated November 12, 1840, and was recommended by Napoleon Lodge No. 25 of St. Louis. In the diarj' and other pa- pers of the late T. S. Parvin are given many inter- esting particulars of the organization of this lodge, and of the second established in the State — that at Muscatine. "Father"' Parvin was one of the pe- titioners for each of these bodies, and his reminis- cences of the men, times and circumstances of these first lodges are of great interest. The pleasant task has fallen to this writer of collecting and preparing this matter for publication, upon authority of Grand Lodge. The personal and anecdotal side of early Iowa Masonry will make interesting read- ing when this biography shall have been given to the Craft. Iowa Lodge (No. 42) at Muscatine (then Bloomington) was organized under dispensation from Missouri, February 4, 1841. The date of its petition is January' 18, 1841, and the same was recommended by St. Louis Lodge No. 20. It was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Missouri, Octo- ber 10, 1S41. Dubuque Lodge follows, its petition bearing date of July 18, 1842. Its dispensation was issued October 14, 1842, and the lodge was constituted under that authorit\- on October 21, 1842. Char- ter was issued for the same by the Grand Lodge of 30 History Crescent Lodge Missouri, October lo, 1843, as Dubuque Lodge No. 62. The petition for Iowa City Lodge is of almost contemporaneous date with this last — August i, 1842. This was recommended by Iowa Lodge of Muscatine. October 15, 1842, dispensation was granted constituting the lodge, and on December 9, 1842, it was organized. The lodge obtained charter from Missouri October 10, 1843, being No. 63 upon the roster of that jurisdiction. These four lodges were active from the first. Many brethren came to Iowa from the older juris- dictions and aided in placing Masonry in the new territory upon a sure and stable foundation. The quality of these pioneer Craftsmen was such as to gain for the institution at its outset respect and esteem. This it has ever since retained, and has thus attracted into its ranks the best of territorial and state manhood. It was in keeping with the ideas of these men to make early movement for the establishment of an Iowa Grand Lodge. The same energy, love of independence and pride of home which prompted agitation for statehood caused also the desire to guide and foster the fra- ternity according to their own will and judgment. "On the loth day of May, 1843, ^ Masonic convention was held at Iowa City, Iowa Territory, composed of delegates from Iowa, Dubuque and Iowa City Lodges, assembled pursuant to a reso- lution adopted by Iowa Lodge No. 42 at Bloom- ington, at the instance of Des Moines Lodge No. 41, at Burlington, asking said lodges to name a History Crescent Lodge 31 'time and place' for the holding of a convention to take measures for the organization of a Grand Lodge of Iowa; which said resolution was con- curred in by the lodges first aforesaid. "At this convention, after due consultation, it was — " 'Resolved, That each lodge send three repre- sentatives to the Grand Lodge of Missouri, at its grand annual communication in October, A. D. 1843, and that said representatives be authorized to fix the time and place for the holding of a con- vention of the chartered lodges in Iowa Territory, in good and regular standing, for the purpose of proceeding to a complete and perfect organization of the Grand Lodge of Iowa — and that they notify the several lodges of the same.' "In pursuance of which the representatives of the several lodges met at the hall of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, on the nth of October, A. D. 1843, ^"d recommended the chartered lodges of the Territory to meet in convention at Iowa City, on the first Tuesday (second day) of January, A. D. 1844, for the purposes aforesaid. Also, that the delegates of said lodges be authorized to or- dain a constitution, make by-laws, elect grand offi- cers and do all other things requisite to the perfect organization of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. And, further, that they take with them the charters and by-laws of their several lodges, and deposit the same with the Grand Lodge of Iowa at its forma- tion." During the time this action was taken two other 32 History Crescent Lodge lodges had an existence within the limits of the territory. These were — Rising Sun at Montrose and Eagle Lodge at Keokuk. These were estab- lished by authority from the Grand Lodge of Illi- nois. There was also a Clinton Lodge at Daven- port, under dispensation from Missouri, but this had no part in the organization of Grand Lodge and was never chartered. Of the two at Mont- rose and Keokuk there are several i-eferences In the Illinois proceedings. Rising Sun was granted let- ters of dispensation in 1842, and was at the fol- lowing grand communication given one year's time in which to pay its dues and charter fees. At the same time the Committee on Returns and Work re- ported that they had examined the returns of this lodge, yet these do not appear In the published proceedings. In 1843 the same committee brought in a resolution "that the charter of Rising Sun Lodge No. 12 be suspended, and that the Master and Wardens be cited to appear at the next grand annual communication of this Grand Lodge, to show cause, if any they have, why their charter should not be revoked." No appearance is noted, and the lodge was thenceforth dead. Eagle Lodge at Keokuk (not the Eagle Lodge No. 12 on the roster of the Grand Lodge of Iowa) was one of the Mormon lodges which caused a scandal among Masons of Illinois for several years. In 1843, upon recommendation of the Committee on Returns and Work the dispensations of lodges at Nauvoo were withdrawn and "that for irregular work and disregard of the resolutions W. D. McCORD Grand Master of Iowa who granted the dispensation authorizing the organiza- tion of Crescent Lodge History Crescent Lodge 33 and instructions of this Grand Lodge the dispensa- tion of Eagle Lodge of Keokuk is hereby revoked and charter refused." But next year the Keokuk brethren sent up a petition to Grand Lodge, alleg- ing that their work had been in all respects Ma- sonic; that their returns had been forwarded by the delegate from Nauvoo — for which reason there might have been prejudice and misrepre- sentation; that they had sought information from the Grand Secretary, but had received no reply; that upon receiving information of the action of the Grand Lodge they had ceased to meet as Ma- sons. They therefore asked a reconsideration of their case. It was accordingly recommended that a committee be appointed to visit Keokuk, make a thorough investigation and report. But before this could be done the Grand Lodge of Iowa was organized, and the neighboring Grand Lodge, recognizing Eagle as within the territorial juris- diction of the former, considered itself absolved from all further responsibility for its derelict con- stituent. Yet these two lodges at Keokuk and Montrose were to be heard from yet again. When Illinois «o gracefully withdrew from what was then occu- pied territory' and abandoned these lodges to the judgment of Iowa's Masonic authority, they gave opportunity' for a misunderstanding. In the pro- ceedings of our Grand Lodge for 1847, '" the re- port made by Brother T. S. Parvin, as Committee on Foreign Communications, there appears the fol- lowing : 34 History Crescent Lodge "ClyXNDESTINE — At the organization of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, on the 2d day of January, 1843, by the four lodges holding charters from the Grand Lodge of the State of Missouri, there ap- peared delegates from Keokuk and Montrose, in the Territory of Iowa, claiming to represent Keo- kuk Lodge, U. D., at the former place, and Rising Sun Lodge No. 12, at the latter place, both work- ing under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State of Illinois, but who were denied seats be- cause of the Information received that they were not in good standing with that Grand Lodge. "After the Grand Lodge of Iowa was organized they sought to place themselves under its jurisdic- tion, which was also denied them, until they should first produce to this Grand Lodge a certificate from the Grand Lodge of Illinois, of their good stand- ing with that Grand Lodge, which they never did; nor has this Grand Lodge ever heard anything more of them, until the receipt of the printed pro- ceedings of the Grand Lodge of Illinois for the past two years, in which your committee find under the name of these lodges the following entry: 'Dispensation forfeited and now under the jurisdic- tion of the Grand I,x)dge of Iowa.' " The Grand Master was therefore instructed to correspond with the Grand Master of Illinois and seek an explanation. This was given, as above stated, that these lodges, if existent, were now un- der the territorial jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. Thus the incident was closed, and these History Crescent Lodge 35 bodies, after annoying two Grand Lodges, are heard of no more. A separate chapter is demanded for account of organization of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, and its growth and progress until such time as Masonry appears in Linn county and later in Cedar Rapids. CHAPTER III. THE GRAND LODGE OF IOWA. SO far we have brought our brief survey of Masonic spread, to the time of establishment of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. It becomes of in- terest and importance to us of this jurisdiction that the facts of this organization should be under- stood, as from this body our warrant and authority is derived. The original record, as preserved in the first volume of printed proceedings, thus be- gins: "At a meeting of delegates from the four char- tered lodges of Ancient, Free and Accepted Ma- sons in the Territory of Iowa, working under charters from the Grand Lodge of Missouri, as- sembled at the hall of Iowa City Lodge No. 63, in Iowa City, Iowa Territory, on the 2d day of Jan- uary, A. D. 1844, A. L. 5844, in pursuance of a recommendation of the convention of the represen- tatives from the lodges aforesaid, held in the hall of the Grand Lodge of Missouri at its annual com- munication in October, A. D. 1843, Brother Ansel Humphreys, of Iowa Lodge No. 42, was called to the chair, and Brothers John H. McHenry, of Des Moines Lodge No. 41, and George W. Cummins, of Dubuque Lodge No. 63, appointed secretaries. "On the call of lodges the following brethren History Crescent Lodge 37 announced themselves as delegates, viz.: J. H. McKenny, Wesley Jones, H. T. Hugins, Burling- ton; T. S. Parvin, Ansel Humphreys, B. S. Olds, Bloomington (Muscatine) ; Timothy Fanning, G. W. Cummins, T. S. Wilson, Dubuque; William Reynolds, S. M. Ballard, J. R. Hartsock, Iowa City." There is an unwritten history of this meeting and of the organization of the Grand Lodge of Iowa which may soon be told. There was rivalry for office and something of jealousy, which has no showing In the proceedings. Some years since, In an extended interview, Brother Parvin gave to the writer the underlying facts. Later, as his biog- rapher, I was enabled, from the journals and other papers at my disposal, to fill out the story. Green grass grows over the graves of all these old brethren — the things for which they strove and upon which they differed are forgotten. Only in the interest of accurate history will all be told, and that without reflection upon the motives or meth- ods of the participants. Suffice It if here we note a general expectation on the part of the lodges that Brother Ansel Humphreys of Iowa Lodge would be elected the first Grand Master. To de- feat this intention a resolution was carried through, permitting the delegates to vote individually upon any question which might arise. But later, being fearful that such method might not be considered Masonic, the resolution was reconsidered, and votes upon Grand Officers were cast by lodges. In the meantime, however, a combination was effected by 38 History Crescent Lodge which, upon the second ballot, Brother Oliver Cock of Des Moines Lodge was elected Grand Master. The entire list of Grand OfBcers was: Oliver Cock, Burlington, Grand Master. Timothy Fanning, Dubuque, Senior Grand Warden. ' William Reynolds, Iowa City, Junior Grand Warden. B. S. Olds, Bloomington, Grand Treasurer. T. S. Parvin, Bloomington, Grand Secretary. Adjournment was then had until Januaiy 8th. Upon that date the Grand Lodge again recon- vened. The Grand Master then made known his appointive officers as follows : Ansel Humphreys, Bloomington, Deputy Grand Master. C. H. Goldsmith, Davenport, Grand Chaplain. G. W. Cummins, Dubuque, Senior Grand Dea- con. S. M. Ballard, Iowa City, Junior Grand Dea- con. Isaac Magoon, Bloomington, Grand Marshal. W. S. Trowbridge and Ezra Bliss, both of Iowa City, Grand Stewards. J. H. McKenny, Burlington, Grand Sword- Bearer. Stephen Hempstead, Dubuque, Grand Pursui- vant. A public installation followed, by R. W. Ansel Humphreys, District Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Of this ceremony the History Crescent Lodge 39 record reads: "The Grand Officers-elect, and brothers, under the direction of Brother H. T. Hugins of Burlington, Grand Marshal, pro tem., marched in procession to the Methodist Protestant Church, where an oration was delivered by Hon. Brother Joseph Williams, and the officers-elect of the Grand Lodge of Iowa Installed, and the Grand Lodge constituted In due and ancient form; when the procession returned to the hall of Iowa City Lodge and the Grand Lodge of Missouri was closed In due and ancient form; when Brother Humphreys Inducted M. W. Oliver Cock, Esq., Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, Into the Oriental chair, who ordered the Grand Secre- tary to summon the Grand Lodge of Iowa, which was accordingly done, when the Most Worshipful Grand Master proceeded to open the same in due and ancient form, in the third degree, when the Throne of Grace was addressed by Rev. Brother John Horner." Even at this first session of the Grand Lodge the brethren of Linn County have showing, though not upon the written record. A number of Masons at Marion had held preliminary meeting and re- solved upon the establishment of a lodge. It was hoped and intended to secure the first Iowa dispen- sation and thus follow In place and number after the original four lodges. \A^riting of the Incident a short time before his death. Grand Secretary Parvin said : "Brother William Abbe, a prominent citizen of Linn County, residing in Marion, had some axe 40 History Crescent Lodge to grind in the legislature. (That body was in session at Iowa City, then the territorial capital, at the time the Grand Lodge was established.) He was a visitor at the convention and said to the viriter, then just elected Grand Secretary, that he proposed to secure the first dispensation issued by the new- Grand Lodge for a lodge in his town of Marion. "In this, however, he was disappointed, owing to his own kind and generous act. The convention elected Oliver Cock, the Master of Des Moines Lodge Xo. I, at Burlington, as its first Grand Master. Brother Cock Mas not present, and as there was only a semi-weekly mail between the two cities, it became necessary to send a special mes- senger for him, and secure his attendance for in- stallation. Brother Abbe, aforesaid, volunteered to go to Burlington, traveling horseback, and bring him to Iowa City. The convention then adjourned to meet on the 8th inst. (Januarj' 8th, 1844) for installation of Grand Master and organization of Grand Lodge. "For this reason Brother Abbe was prevented from securing the necessary petition from Marion, as had been intended. In the meantime Brother George McClean,', of Wapello, who was also pres- ent at Iowa City and in attendance as a visitor at the convention, saw opportunity to secure the cov- eted place and precedence. Taking advantage of this adjournment he sent a special messenger to Wapello to secure the requisite number of signa- tures for the organization of a lodge at his home. THEODORE S. PARVIX Grand Secretary at Organization of Lodge History Crescent Lodge 41 "The Grand Lodge was duly organized on the 8th of January, 1844, and the petition of the brethren of Wapello was promptly presented to the new Grand Master, who issued his dispensation for Wapello Lodge No. 5, with Brother McCleary as its first Master. It was thus that this lodge led all others, now numbering over 500 — the out- growth of that small beginning. Brother Abbe was somewhat disappointed and discouraged, so several weeks passed before he presented his pe- tition, which was duly honored, and a dispensation issued for Marion Lodge No. 6, with Brother Abbe as the first Master." At the annual communication of 1845, held again at Iowa City, we find that Marion Lodge, U. D., was represented by J. C. Berry, Junior Warden. Grand Master Cock, in his annual ad- dress, notes the issuance of dispensation to this lodge. He also stated that he had deputed Brother J. R. Hartsock of Iowa City (afterward Grand Master) to visit and lecture before several lodges, Marion being among the number. In his report Brother Hartsock declared "that on account of im- possibility of crossing the Cedar River I have not yet been able to visit Marion Lodge." These matters gleaned of the early history of Marion Lodge are certainly in place here. It was for some years the only Masonic body of the county, and those of Cedar Rapids who desired to affiliate or to receive Masonic light became mem- bers of the lodge at the county seat. This by way of explanation, no apology being needed. 42 History Crescent Lodge The Committee on Lodges under Dispensation at this Grand Lodge session of 1845 found that "the returns from Marion are incomplete, only a tabular statement of work having been received with her dispensation. This lodge was of the opinion that the returns received were all that they were required to send up. Fi-om this statement it would appear that the work of this lodge was well done, but her by-laws not being returned, we are unable to form an opinion as to their conformity to the ancient usages of the order." The committee therefore submitted to the Grand Lodge, whether, under the circumstances, Marion Lodge should be chartered, with the understanding that perfect re- turns be sent up to the Grand Secretary in a rea- sonable time, or whether it should be continued un- der dispensation for another year. However, upon motion of Brother J. S. Dunlap of Burlington, it was ordered that charter issue to Marion Lodge, to be numbered 6; that Its repre- sentatives be admitted to all the privileges of mem- bers of the Grand Lodge, and that it be required to send to the Grand Secretai-y more complete re- turns as soon as convenient. A note appended to the record says that such returns were not received up to March 25, 1845. At this meeting Grand Master Cock, upon re-election, appointed Brother William Abbe, of Marion, as Grand Pursuivant. Brother Abbe, upon the issuance of charter to his lodge, was Installed as Worshipful Master by the Grand Master, in presence of the Grand Lodge, and given authority and order to install the several History Crescent Lodge 43 officers of his lodge. The returns from No. 6 for the year show the following list of officers and members : William Abbe, Worshipful Master. L. HoUenback, Senior Warden. J. C. Berry, Junior Warden. J. McKee, Treasurer. A. E. Skinner, Secretary. Samuel Hunter, Senior Deacon. David Styles, Junior Deacon. H. F. Camp, Tyler. Master Masons — L. M. Strong (only one des- ignated as Past Master), E. P. Forsyth, M. Holmes, Justice Wells, Israel Mitchell. In 1846, at Grand Lodge, Marion Lodge was fully represented by M. Holmes, W. M. ; L. M. Strong, S. W., and J. C. Berry, J. W. At this meeting also appears the name of Brother George Greene, as proxy for the Worshipful Master of Dubuque Lodge No. 3. Brother Greene was later one of the petitioners for Cedar Rapids (now Crescent) Lodge, and its first Master. This is the first appearance in the Grand Lodge records of any name of those who afterwards were identified with the Craft in our home city. Masonry was evidently prosperous in Linn County during the year 1845-46. At the preced- ing communication Marion Lodge had returned thirteen members. Within the year it ha:d in- creased to twenty-two "and one past member." In the returns for this year is the name of John Vardy, who later appears upon the petition of 44 History Crescent Lodge Cedar Rapids Lodge, having demitted to aid in institution of the latter. In 1847 Brother George Greene was appointed Grand Lodge orator and dehvered an address of rare beauty and aptness, indicating a close attention and clear knowledge of the principles and tenets of Masonry. Brother Strong, Worshipful Master of No. 6, was, after election for Grand Lodge offi- cers, appointed Senior Grand Deacon. As an ex- ample of what errors were made in these early days of Iowa Masonr}'. when but few had opportunity to become acquainted with the minutiae of pro- cedure, I copy from the report of the Committee on Chartered Lodges, relative to the returns of Marion Lodge : "Your committee would further report that, on examination of the transcript of Marion Lodge Xo. 6, they find some things to commend, while they find others to condemn. Yet they are happy to say that, in the main, their work has been well done. They find that at the regular communica- tion held on the 17th of January, 1847, the lodge was opened on the three several degrees — a candi- date was balloted for and initiated without a senior warden (as appears by the transcript). This, however, your committee presume must have been a mistake in transcribing. ''Your committee further find that at a special communication held on the 23d of April, 1846, to attend the funeral of Brother M. Holmes, the lodge was opened on the three several degrees; which is at variance with ancient usages, and a History Crescent Lodge 45 violation of the ancient constitutions of Masonry; the lodge on a funeral occasion should be opened only on the third degree. "Your committee also find that on several occa- sions petitions for initiation were presented to the lodge and referred to the appropriate committee, when the name of the applicant, or petitioner, did not appear by the transcript, nor could your com- mittee determine who he was. Your committee believe this an omission which should not be over- looked. The record and transcript should show the name of every applicant for the degrees of Ma- sonr\- fairly written." Marion Lodge was during the autumn of 1847 (October) visited by Grand Master Humphreys, and in presenting his accounts to the Grand Lodge the next year that officer notes that only lodges at Marion and Tipton had paid their proportion of his expenses. Of another visit made late in 1848 the Grand Master reported: "At Marion I spent about two weeks. Many have united there, both by initiation and admission. Great zeal character- izes the proceedings of the lodge. Great improve- ments have been made there, both in Masonry and in morals, and the prospects are highly flattering." Censure was passed upon this lodge at the Com- munication of 1849 for what, upon the presenta- tion made, was a grave infraction of Masonic law and principle. Again quotation is made from re- port of Committee on Chartered Lodges : " — A petition v\'as reported upon, and three sev- 46 History Crescent Lodge eral ballots taken — then the matter postponed for three or four meetings, and finally, upon the fourth ballot, the candidate elected. Here is a matter — and a very grave matter — requiring the interfer- ence of this Grand Lodge; for if a lodge is permit- ted to proceed in this way, any person, however unworthy (and that known to but a single mem- ber), may find his way into our fraternity — for every brother is well aware that at a meeting of the lodge, if the objecting brother should be absent from any cause, a ballot could be taken, and the candidate elected. This would be depriving a brother of a right guaranteed by our ancient usages." At the Grand Lodge (1850) just preceding In- stitution by dispensation of Cedar Rapids Lodge It is matter of Interest to note such members upon the returns from Marion as withdrew to petition for the new body. These were : John Vardy, Thomas Downing, Samuel F. Hook, N. B. Brown, Stephen Pollock and J. H. Kelsey. The name of George Greene is for the year still upon the roster of Dubuque Lodge No. 3. The annual address of Grand Master McCord, delivered before the eighth grand communication, which convened at Fort Madison on Tuesday, June 3, 1 85 1, has the following paragraph, which brings us at once to the immediate subject of our labors. It reads : "On the twenty-third of November last I granted a dispensation to Brother George Greene and seven others. Master Masons, authorizing them to open History Crescent Lodge 47 Cedar Rapids Lodge, in Linn County. Their pe- tition was recommended by Marion Lodge No. 6." At this session S. D. Carpenter, as proxy for Junior Warden, represented the lodge. In the first returns Brother Carpenter was the only Mas- ter Mason who had no official position. He was initiated, passed and raised upon the evening of institution. In the report of Committee on Lodges Under Dispensation the only remaric anent this new lodge is "By-laws and work correct." But story of organization of the lodge and steps leading thereto deserve place with a new chapter. CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZATION OF CRESCENT LODGE. A GREAT, and at first essay an insuperable obstacle confronts the compiler of this his- tory at the outset. Had the complete records of the lodge been preserved, it would have been plain sailing. The meager and routine entries could then have been extended from other sources of in- formation, and made complete in their relations to men and events. But the almost indispensable records are missing from the time of beginning until in the early 70's. The loss of these books are not to be charged to later negligence, but to intentional and surreptitious destruction by party or parties interested in blotting out certain matters. To fill in this blank, it has been necessary to make slow and uncertain search through the newspaper files of the first years. In this search, the compiler has been impressed with the reticent qualities of the brethren of a generation ago. Matters which in our own time would have found mention more or less extended in public print are passed over in silence. And this, too, during a period when the principal newspaper of the city was in editorial charge of one of the most enthusiastic and best- posted Masons of the time. To eke out this dearth of matter recourse has DAVID KING His death, in 1854, was the first occurring: in the membership of the Lodge. One of first set- tlers of Cedar Kapids, his farm being wliat is now West Cedar Kapids, formerly Kingston. History Crescent Lodge 49 been had to those whose memory runs back to the days of pioneers. Fortunately for us, for the pur- poses of this history and for the edification of brethren who shall come after us, this work has been authorized before the last of the old Masons has passed from the scene of earthly labor. Of the charter members all have written "Finis" to their books of life, and their lips are long since sealed in the eternal silence. Most of those who in the first decade of lodge existence served as officers, or as Craftsmen followed the designs qpon the trestle-board, have also heard the call of the Supreme Grand Master. Yet one, who was in that day of beginnings closely associated with the lodge and its labors, still survives. In the returns for 1855 '^he name of Isaac N. Whittam appears upon the roster of Cedar Rapids Lodge. That he was even then active among the brethren is evi- denced by the fact that he attended the annual communication of Grand Lodge at Keosauqua as proxy for the Worshipful Master. For several years he was Secretary, and transcribed into the missing records the actions and intentions of his brethren. Through all the years intervening. Brother Whittam has been a Mason in heart and soul, as ready to serve the cause as in the older days. To the first request of the writer for in- formation he gave instant and fraternal assent, assuring me of his willingness and desire to assist in any and every way possible. The reminiscences of this, the oldest Mason in Cedar Rapids, will be found perhaps the most interesting and valuable 50 History Crescent Lodge chaptei- of the present book. These personal rec- ollections, gleaned from the memory of one who had part in the affairs of a generation of departed brothers, have the value of truthfulness, the charm that comes from a calling up of the past, and the pathos with which the last sui-vivor tells the story of his dead and gone contemporaries. Though now and for many years a member of the sister Lodge, Brother Whittam's place in the Masonic history of Cedar Rapids is in the records of this body, and in the brief biographies of the early membership I have given him honored place. But to return to the organization of Crescent Lodge, with which this chapter is to deal. As we have seen, the brethren who came from older communities of the east to what was then a little frontier hamlet, hardly to be dignified with name of village, had no opportimity to transfer mem- bership to their new home. As was usually the case social life centered at the county seats, and there the first churches, schools and fraternity homes were established. The Masons among pioneer settlers of Linn County were therefore fortunate in finding a lodge so early established at Marion. When population was sparse and neighboi^s distant what would now be deemed an inconvenient journey was not a matter to be really considered. Thus the Craftsmen of Cedar Rapids found a lodge home within easy distance, and with this they were for some years well satisfied. Those in the embryo town by the river who wished admittance to the fraternity likewise petitioned No. 6, and History Crescent Lodge 51 were by the brethren of that body initiated Into the mysteries of Masonry. But with the late '40s Cedar Rapids had begun to appreciate its situation and to realize its possibil- ities. In a separate chapter there is set forth some account of the town at the time this lodge was organized. Here it may suffice to say that the surrounding land had just been opened to entry. The real vanguard of settlers was making its appearance, taking up such locations as chance or judgment directed. In 1849 railroad talk was heard and lines were projected which would give easier access to more distant markets. The first railroad into the town was then, however, ten years away. But the first follicle of the city's future growth was showing from the field of time. Every activity, present and projected, felt the impulse and strove to aid and add to expansion. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that the Masons of Cedar Rapids should also wish the fraternity to be represented by a home organiza- tion. There v/as, likewise, the example of other communities over the newly-admitted state, where lodges were being established and successfully maintained. The situation was canvassed, and it was found the requirement of the Grand Lodge constitution, that seven Master Masons, "known and approved," should sign petition for a new lodge, could be complied with. The result of this inquiry was formulation of the following docu- ment: "To the Most Worshipful Grand Master of the 52 History Crescent Lodge Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Iowa : "We, the undersigned, being Master Masons of good standing, and having the prosperity of the Craft at heart, are anxious to exert our best en- deavors to promote and diffuse the genuine prin- ciples of Free Masonry, and for the convenience to our respective dwellings and other good reasons, we are desirous of forming a new lodge to be named Cedar Rapids Lodge. We, therefore, with the approbation of the District Deputy Grand Master and the lodge nearest our residence, re- spectfully pray for a dispensation empowering us to meet as a regular lodge at Cedar Rapids on the first Monday before the full moon of every month, and there to discharge the duties of Ancient York Masonry in a constitutional manner, according to the forms of the order and the laws of the Grand Lodge. "And we have nominated and do recommend Brother Geo. Greene to be the first Master, Broth- er John Vardy to be the first Senior Warden and Brother Isaac Cook to be the first Junior Warden of the said lodge. "The prayer of this petition being granted, we promise strict obedience to the commands of the Grand Master and the laws and regulations of the Grand Lodge. "Cedar Rapids, Oct. 2, 1850. "JAMES KEELER, THOS. DOWNING, GEO. GREENE, N. B. BROWN, JOHN VARDY, SAMUEL F. HOOK, ISAAC COOK, JOHN H. KELSEY." History Crescent Lodge 53 Marlon Lodge No. 6, having as a kind and loving foster mother brought up and cared for these waifs from a near-by community, was well pleased to see them grown to full stature and seek- ing to establish a home of their own. The rec- ommendation of that lodge is appended to the original petition, and is as follows: "We, the undersigned, Worshipful Master and Wardens of Marion Lodge No. 6, do certify that the within petition was this day presented in said Marion Lodge in open lodge and by unanimous vote of the lodge this lodge fully concurs with the prayer of said petition and recommends the grant of a dispensation as desired by the petitioners. "October 26, 1850. "H. RrSTINE, W. M. HOSEA W. GRAY, S. W. NATHANIEL CHAPMAN, J. W." In compliance with the prayer of this petition, which was presented to Grand Master W. D. McCord, the brethren named were authorized by dispensation to open Cedar Rapids Lodge, and to do such work as is authorized by such permission. This document bears date of November 23, 1850. It Is, therefore, from this date that lodge history in Cedar Rapids nms. The text of this document referred to is as follows : "DISPENSATION. "To all Whom It May Concern: "Greeting : "Whereas, a Petition has been presented to me 54 History Crescent Lodge by sundry brethren, to-wit, Brothers James Keeler, George Greene, John Vardy, Isaac Cook, Thomas Downing, N. B. Brown, Samuel F. Hook and John H. Kelsey, residing in the town of Cedar Rapids, County of Linn, and State of Iowa, pray- ing to be congregated into a regular Lodge, and promising to render obedience to the ancient usages and landmarks of the Fraternity, and the laws of the Grand Lodge; and — "Whereas, said Petitioners have been recom- mended to me as Master Masons, in good stand- ing, by the Masters, Wardens and other members of Marion Lodge No. 6, under our jurisdiction : "Therefore, I, W. D. McCord, Grand Mas- ter of the M. W. Grand Lodge of Iowa, repos- ing full confidence in the recommendation afore- said, and in the Masonic integrity and ability of the petitioners, do, by virtue of the authority in me vested hereby grant this Dispensation, empower- ing and authorizing our trusty and well-beloved Brethren aforesaid to form and open a Lodge, after the manner of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, and therein to admit and make Free- masons, according to the ancient customs, and not otherwise. "This Dispensation is to continue in full force until the next annual communication of our Grand Lodge aforesaid, unless sooner revoked by me. And I do hereby appoint Brother George Greene to be the first Master, Brother John Vardy to be the first Senior Warden and Brother Isaac Cook to be the first Junior Warden of the said new History Crescent Lodge 55 Lodge. And it shall be their duty, and they are hereby required to return this Dispensation, with a correct transcipt of all proceedings had under the authority of the same, together with an attested copy of their by-laws, to our Grand Lodge afore- said, at the expiration of the time herein specified — for examination and such further action in the premises as shall then be deemed wise and proper. "Given under our hand, and the seal of our Grand Lodge aforesaid, at Burlington, this twenty-third day of November, A. L. 5850, A. D. 1850. "W. D. McCORD, Grand Master. "Grand Lodge Seal. Attest. "T. S. PARVIN, Grand Secretary." It was a day of small beginnings, both for the community and the fraternity. In a separate chap- ter herein is given some account of Cedar Rapids as it was in the year 1850. The scarcity of money limited every effort. The pioneers had a rude plenty, so far as natural productions were con- cerned, or those necessaries to be obtained by bar- ter. The brethren found themselves sadly put to it to provide for the requisite furniture and essen- tial paraphernalia of the lodge room. "There was considerable interest taken in the organization and first movements of the Masonic lodge in Cedar Rapids, so far as these could be 56 History Crescent Lodge known to the people outside," says Bro. Whittam. "It was the first society to find home in the village, and others besides the members were proud of it as an evidence of growth. The first hall occupied by the lodge," he continues, "was in a building, which stood at what is now the north end of the Arcade (formerly Southern) hotel. Rough benches were at first provided for seating the members, with common and uneasy chairs for the oflicers. There was then no furniture store in town. Any- thing of the kind had to be purchased at Muscatine, and even there the choice was limited. In the majority of cases indispensable articles were made by some local artisan. These were plain, but ser- viceable and lasting. So it was that when the Masons of Cedar Rapids soon tired of the benches they sought out Bro. Joseph A. Love, a cabinet maker who had a shop in the same building as the lodge room, and commissioned him to make the needed furniture. It is to be regretted that not one article of these furnishings has been preserved and is now in possession of the local bodies, as a memento of these first days." By the time Grand Lodge met in Fort Madison in June, 185 1, the returns show but one additional Master Mason added to the list of those on peti- tion for dispensation — that of S. D. Carpenter. The transcript of these months under dispensation is unfortunately missing from the Grand Lodge archives, as are the lodge records of this period. There is no way in which the stoi-y of first work can be told. Reminiscences may give us acquaint- THE FIRST LCiDGE HALL On site just north of Arcade, formerlv Brown's. Hotel History Crescent Lodge 57 ance with the men whose names appear in the an- nual returns and here and there we may pick up a broken thread. These do httle but indicate to us what has been lost through negligence of those to whom the documents were given in charge. Bro. S. D. Carpenter, to whom reference is made above, and who became the second Master of the lodge (in 1853) was in attendance at the first ses- sion of the Grand Lodge after institution, rep- resenting his brethren as proxy for the Junior Warden. As will be seen elsewhere the three de- grees were conferred upon Bro. Carpenter on the evening of institution by the Grand Master. One or two other items in regard to the lodge may be gleaned from the Grand Lodge proceedings of 1 85 1. From this source we learn that Grand Master McCord visited the brethren of Cedar Rapids and was with the lodge for purpose of in- struction. That he found this handful of Masons well grounded in the principles of their art and eager to add to their knowledge is evident from his meager statement. The lodge was also among the few of those thus visited willing to bear just proportion of the Grand Master's expenses. He reports having received five dollars from this source. In this connection it may be noted that Grand Lodge, upon receiving the report of visita- tions made, appropriated a sum sufficient to allow this officer $1.25 per day as remuneration for his work and travel. This indicates the scanty re- sources of the grand body, and also gives an idea of the money value of services ip those pioneer 58 History Crescent Lodge days. In the Grand Secretary's financial report for the same year credit is given Cedar Rapids Zx)dge for $10.00 paid for dispensation and $20.00 for the charter. CHAFfER V. 1851-1854. HAD we now those records so unfortunately missing how interesting and even picturesque could be made the story of the first years of lodge life. Into the routine of the record could be woven many features throwing light upon the men mentioned and their times ; the reminiscent touches which would give in highest degree value and readable quality to the completed work. Upon recommendation of the Committee on Lodges Under Dispensation, at the Grand Lodge session of 1851, they having found the "by-laws and work of Cedar Rapids Lodge correct," a char- ter was issued to that body. The resolution to that effect gives it Number 25 and names George Greene, Worshipful Master; John Vardy, Senior Warden and Isaac Cook, Junior Warden. The charter, thus issued, bears date of June 4, 1851. This document admitted the new body to the full privileges of the Craft, and conferred upon It all the rights pertaining to a constituent body of the ancient fraternity. It is indeed from this date that the lodge should count its life. Some years later, in Grand Lodge, question was raised as to whether date of dispensation or that of charter should be considered the first point of lodge exist- 6o History Crescent Lodge ence. After full discussion it was held that as, while under dispensation, the organization had no effective standing, being merely a creature of the dispensing officer, the date of charter issue was in fact the beginning of independent life. At the Grand Lodge session of 1852, held at Fairfield, it does not appear that Cedar Rapids lodge was represented. The Committee on Char- tered Lodges also reported that no returns had been received from No. 25 up to the time of grand communication. I am inclined to believe that the synopsis of work done, in effect a resume of the year's minutes, was never prepared or presented. Judging also from the evidence which has been preserved T very much doubt whether more than fragmentary minutes were kept during this first year of chartered existence. In blank leaves of an old book containing certain accounts of the lodge are scribbled notes of meetings held. These are, however, undated, and can only be fixed ap- proximately by reference to the accounts afore- said. Bro. George Greene acted also as Secretary for that term. His other duties were so manifold and interests so great that it is unlikely he could give to the work of the office the necessary time and attention. The amount of dues paid the Grand Secretary by Crescent Lodge, as appearing in the report of that officer, was S 14.50. The returns of subor- dinate lodges give the following as the roster of officers and members: History Crescent Lodge 6i George Greene, Worshipful Master. James Keeler, Senior Warden. S. D. Carpenter, Junior Warden. N. B. Brown, Treasurer. Thomas Downing, Secretai-y. Isaac Cook, Senior Deacon. John H. Kelsey, Junior Deacon. Samuel Hook, Tyler. Master Masons — E. B. Freeman, A. Leverich, S. L. Pollock, James Leverich, H. E. Higley. The name of Bro. John Vardy does not appear in this list, but the omission was doubtless an error, as there is no record of suspension, and the name reappears in returns of the year 1854. The gain, therefore, for the year 1851-52 was five. Very late in the session of 1853, held at Mus- catine, Bro. James Keeler, as proxy for the Senior Warden, put in appearance as representative of Cedar Rapids Lodge. Grand Master Parvin, in his annual address, notes that he held a school of instruction at Iowa City on the twenty-ninth day of September preceding. The lodge at Cedar Rapids was among those which neither sent repre- senative nor excuse for such non-attendance. These schools of instruction were at that time held by the Grand Master in person. He fixed the limits of the districts for greatest convenience of the lodges, and then summoned the Masters to attend. It was required that where neither the Master nor one of his Wardens could be present, a satisfactory excuse should be forthcoming. Here I had almost missed the fact that Bro. 62 History Crescent Lodge Keeler, who was an Episcopal minister, was ap- pointed Grand Chaplain for the session, and as such officiated after his late appearance. The Committee on Chartered Lodges thus re- ported as to No. 25: "No transcript presented, but a book containing the treasurer's accounts and sundry matters which your committee would re- spectfully decline interfering with." This I be- lieve to be the booic I have mentioned above, as containing some undated and valueless notes of meetings, mixed with individual accounts. It is hard to realize the negligence which could have al- lowed the sending of such a document in lieu of the synopsized record then required. The amount of Grand Lodge dues, received at the session, still stood for the year 1853 ^^ $14.50. Again during the year there was a gain of five in the membership of the lodge. The roster of the time of Grand Lodge shows the following names: S. D. Cai-penter, Worshipful Master. Thomas Downing, Senior Warden. N. B. Brown, Junior Warden. H. E. Higley, Treasurer. George Greene, Secretary. S. L. Pollock, Senior Deacon. Asbury Leverlch, Junior Deacon. James Leverlch, Tyler. Master Masons — Isaac Cook, J. H. Kelsey, R. B. Robinson, H. Deem, J. McArthur, John Hun- ter, D. W. King, E. B. Freeman, Samuel Hook, James Keeler. This upon Its face, gives a membership of History Crescent Lodge 63 eighteen. The tabulated statement of Grand Secretary credits the lodge with nineteen members. This discrepancy is doubtless explained by omis- sion of the name of John ^^ardy, as before noted. There were during the year under review two in- itiations, three passed and four raised, and one de- mitted. During the same period J. M. Poe, an Entered Apprentice, was expelled. With the beginning of another year we are more fortunate in finding material for our pur- pose. In the archives of Grand Lodge is preserved a "transcript of proceedings of Cedar Rapids Lodge No. 25 from June 24, 1853, to May 15, 1854." This synopsis begins with what was then known as the "annual communication," at which time officers for the ensuing year were elected. As an example of not only the work but the character of record kept, the following is extracted verba- tum: "Annual communication June 24th, A. L. 5853, A. D. 1853. Present: S. D. Carpenter, W. M.; Thomas Downing, S. W. ; N. B. Brown, J. W. ; H. E. Higley, treasurer; Hiram Deem, secretary pro tern; S. L. Pollock, S. D.; Visiting Bro. J. H. Smith, J. D. pro tern; R. B. Robinson, tyler. Members present: George Greene and James Keeler, and visiting brethren Olmstead and Hatha- way. "Opened on the first, second and third degrees in due form. A petition was received from Phil- ander Olm.stead, a Master Mason recently de- mitted from Lockport Lodge No. 73 of New 64 History Crescent Lodge York, accompanied by the fee of S2.00. Re- ferred to committee of three, who reported favor- ably. Report was received and Philander 01m- stead elected a member of this lodge. A petition was received from William Freese for initiation, with the necessary fee, recommended by Bros. Higley and Pollock, and referred to Bros. Greene, Brown and Downing. "The lodge then proceeded to elect officers, which resulted in the election of James Keeler, W. M.; Thomas Downing, S. W.; X. B. Brown, J. W.; Philander Olmstead, Treasurer; Hiram Deem, Secretary; Stephen L. Pollock, Senior Dea- con; David W. King, Junior Deacon; R. B. Rob- inson, Tyler. "The lodge was then called from labor to re- freshment on the third degree to resume labor to- morrow evening at seven o'clock. "HIRAM DEEM, Secretary pro tern." This calling from labor to refreshment to meet at some future date is not an unusual occurrence, as appears from these and other minutes of the time. At the next meeting the lodge merely "re- sumed labor." It was not necessary to reopen upon all the degrees in order, as was then the cus- tom. The lodge was "at refreshment" for the intervening time. Upon the next evening, there- fore, as appointed, the brethren met. "Brother George Greene, P. M., then proceeded to install the officers elected on last evening in due and an- cient form. The lodge was then closed on the Interior of First Lodge Room History Crescent Lodge 65 third, second and first degrees of Masonry in due and ancient form." At the regular communication of June 27 peti- tion was i-eceived from John H. Smith, demitted from Laurenceburg Lodge No. 8 of Indiana. This was referred to committee, which, as seems to have been the custom for a time with petitions for admission, reported at once. Bro. Smith was the same evening elected to membership. The lodge having closed on the third and second de- grees Joseph A. Love was initiated as an Entered Apprentice Mason. July i8th a special com- munication was held, at which Bro. Love was bal- loted for to receive the second degree, and was thereafter passed as a Fellowcraft. The regular of July 25 had but one brother — John Vardy — over and above those requisite to fill the official places. William Freese was elected to receive the degrees, and petitions were received from Samuel D. McCauley and Daniel Lothian. Changes of Grand Lodge By-Laws or Constitu- tional provisions had at that time to be referred to the constituent lodges. At the session of 1853 a resolution was offered in the grand body "that the twenty-first article of the bj'-laws of this Grand Lodge be amended bv striking out the last clause thereof, to-wit: 'Provided, ministers of the gospel may be admitted gratuitously.' " L pon this evening of Julv 2 ; Cedar Rapids Lodge voted upon the proposition, deciding in the negative. With them in this action were a majority of the lodges, and the proposal to strike out the provision 66 History Crescent Lodge was not approved. This matter being disposed of William Freese was duly initiated. A special was held during the month of August — on the first day thereof — at which time "Bro. Joseph A. Love, a Fellowcraft, was pro- posed and elected to receive the sublime degree of a Master Mason. Bro. William Freese, an En- tered Apprentice, was first received and passed as a Fellowcraft. Then the lodge opened on the third degree and Bro. Love was raised." On August 22 occurred the regular. With the evident expectation of some business the lodge was called from labor to refreshment, to resume labor on Monday evening, September 5. But again on this latter date there seems to have been nothing demanding action. September 19th Samuel D. McCauley and Daniel Lothian were elected to recei\e the Entered Apprentice degree and this was conferred upon these two candidates on the evening of September 26. Both were elected October 28th to receive the second degree, and upon that date Bro. Samuel D. McCauley was passed. The latter brother was raised as a Mas- ter Mason at a special held October 31. Bro. Daniel Lothian v\ as passed to the degree of a Fel- lowcraft November 14. The petition of Absalom Sines was received and referred at the regular of November 21, 181; 3, and on the same evening Bro. Daniel Lothian was raised to the sublime degree. Absalom Sines was elected December 19th and petition was received from John Weare, Jr. At the semi-annual com- History Crescent Lodge 67 munication of December 26th the financial busi- ness of the lodge was transacted. Unfortunately there is no indication in the transcript from which these facts are gleaned as to the funds of the lodge or disposal of the same. At the same meeting the first degree was upon the trestle-board, Absalom Sines being the candidate. The same brother re- ceived the Fellowcraft degree on the last day of the year (December 31) 1853. January 14, 1854, Bro. Sines was recipient of the Master Ma- son's degree. John Weare, Jr., was elected January i6th and initiated the same evening. Three petitions were received at this meeting — ^being those of George Washington Westlake, William Harper and Joseph Greene. These three were elected Febru- ary 13th and all received the degree of an Entered Apprentice on the same date. The time inter- vening between this and the next regular of March 20 was well occupied, there being four called com- munications. At that of February 20th Bros. Westlake and Joseph Greene were passed. The record for Thursday evening, March 2d, begins: "Present, Grand Master Ansel Humphreys, as Worshipful Master." Grand Master Humph- reys was at that time making an extensive round of visits among the lodges, giving the brethren needed instruction and bringing them in closer touch throughout the jurisdiction. On the even- ing of which note is here made Bro. Humphreys devoted his time to exemplifying the proper meth- ods of routine work, opening and closing in all the 68 History Crescent Lodge degrees. The special of March 13th was called for the purpose of raising Bro. William Freese as a Master Mason. This same degree was con- ferred March i6th upon Bro. Joseph Greene and G. W. Westlake. Bro. Westlake is still living and at present resides at Marshalltown. Another among those who are yet survivors of these pioneer days of Masonry in Cedar Rapids is named in the minutes of the regular communi- cation of March 20th. It Is there recorded that "a petition was received from Rev. Elias Skinner, a demitted member of Marion Lodge No. 6, to become a member of this lodge." Bro. Skinner, weighted with the years, yet buoyed with the re- membrance of a well-spent and useful life, now waits the Master's call. His present home is at Waterloo, Iowa. On the same evening William Harper was passed to the degree of a Fellowcraft. March 25th, 1854, John Weare, Jr., received his second degree. Bro. Elias Skinner was elected to membership April 17th "free of charge," that being the custom with ministers of the gospel. At the regular meeting of May 15th the petition of Isaac N. Whittam was received. On the same date was presented the petition of Charles M. Powell, both of whom were later duly elected to receive the Entered Apprentice degree. It will be noticed from this rapid survey of a year's work In Cedar Rapids Lodge that these old brethren were fully as active as their successors. They were as thoroughly Imbued with the true History Crescent Lodge 69 principles of Masonry, and as earnest in giving realization to the ideals of the fraternity. During the time under review, and for a consid- erable period thereafter it was requisite to ballot on the newly admitted brother for each succeeding degree. This is still the procedure in many grand jurisdictions. In one of the cases for the year just closed in this record the advance of an En- tered Apprentice was checked by ballot: At the next meeting a brother informed the lodge that he had cast the black-ball, that it was done under a misapprehension of facts, and therefore he asked a reconsideration of the ballot. This was al- lowed, and the E. A. brother was permitted to proceed. Some of the parties concerned are still living, hence no names are given. This was not the only like action on the part of the brother men- tioned at the ballot box. About the same time vote was taken on the petition of a very promi- nent citizen, after favorable report by the commit- tee of investigation. The ballot was unfavorable and the candidate declared rejected. At the next meeting this same brother arose, admitted that he had cast the rejecting ball, added that he was not justified as a man nor a Mason In his action, and moved reconsideration. In accordance with the practice then allowed a new ballot was taken and resulted clear. This Impulsive but very manly brother, freely admitted the wrong of which he had been guilty. In fact he went beyond what we should now deem Masonic propriety. The candidate in question had, in the exercise of his 70 History Crescent Lodge profession, brought suit against the other for cer- tain claims. Without consideration he blamed the agent for such action. The ballot gave him opportunity for retaliation and was so used. But calmer thought brought realization of his of- fense. Without waiting for a lodge meeting he sought out the candidate "Look here, ," he exclaimed, "I guess I have been a d — d fool in blaming you for what you couldn't help; and I have tried to get revenge in a way that only makes things worse for me." The other had received notification of his rejection, and was not long in grasping the meaning of all this. He therefore intimated that perhaps he was indebted to this Mason for the thwarting of his desire in the direc- tion of lodge membership. "Yes, that's It," was the reply, "I know It's all wrong. But you just wait until we have another meeting, and I'll fix it right." And he did. Personally I am Inclined to like this impulsive and occasionally wrong-headed fellow. There Is something to admire in the man who Is open in his enmities, and candid in his con- fession of mistakes. His name Is now but a memory, but Masonry In general, and this lodge in particular, lost nothing because of the member- ship of such a one. The officers of Cedar Rapids Lodge for this year 1853-54 were men and Masons such as have in most times filled Its official positions — alive to their responsibilities, energetic yet cautious, and earnest and painstaking In all that affected the lodge or the fraternity at large. Bro. James History Crescent Lodge 71 Keeler, the Master, was an Episcopalian minister, and the record shows his chair seldom unfilled during this busy year. Indeed, there were but few absentees among all the officers. "Good and square work," reports the Com- mittee on Chartered Lodges after reviewing this same transcript from which the foregoing matters have been extracted, and after all these years we can but echo the commendation. The dues of the lodge, as indicated in the Grand Secretary's financial report, amounted this year to $28.00. The report made to Grand Lodge showed seven initiations, and an equal number passed and raised. Two were admitted and one demitted. The total membership was twenty-eight. The roster, as given in the returns, is as fol- lows: James Keeler, Worshipful Master. Thomas Downing, Senior Warden. N. B. Brown, Junior Warden. P- Olmstead, Treasurer. Hiram Deem, Secretary. S. L. Pollock, Senior Deacon. David W. King, Junior Deacon. R. B. Robinson, Tyler. Master Masons — George Greene, S. D. Car- penter, John Vardy, Asbury Leverich, John Mc- Arthur, J. A. Love, Absalom Sines, William Freese, John H. Kelsey, James Leverich, J. H. Smith, S. D. McCauley, G. W. Westlake, Elias Skinner, S. F. Hook, H. E. Higley, John Hun- ter, Daniel Lothian, Joseph Greene. 72 History Crescent Lodge Nor must it be forgotten that at this Grand Lodge session, held at Mt. Pleasant, June 6, 1854, Bro. Elias Skinner, a lately admitted member of Cedar Rapids Lodge, received appointment as Grand Chaplain. SEYMOUR D. CARPENTER First Initiate of Lodge; Worshipful Master in 1853 CHAPTER VI. 1854-1855. THE transcripts to which we owe a reproduction of this period continue during the year 1854- 55. The first regular was that at which officers were chosen. The entry for Monday evening, June 1 2th, 1854, is thus given: "Present, Thos. Downing, W. M. pro tern; S. D. Carpenter, S. W. pro tern; Elias Skinner, J. W. pro tevi; S. D. McCauley, treasurer pro tern; Hiram Deem, secretary; S. L. Pollock, S. D.; J. H. Kelsey, J. D. pro tern; James Leverich, Tyler pro tern; Brothers Absalom Sines, J. A. Love, G. W. Westlake, N. B. Brown and Visiting Broth- ers Spaethe and Peck. The lodge was opened on the first, second and third degrees, and the min- utes of meetings of the last month read and ap- proved. The committee on the petition of Charles M. Powell for initiation reported favor- ably. The report was received and ballot being taken Charles M. Powell was declared duly elected. Bro. William Harper, a Fellowcraft, was proposed and balloted for to receive the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason, and was duly elected. "The lodge then proceeded to elect officers for 74 History Crescent Lodge the ensuing year. The election resulted as fol- lows, to-wit: Thomas Downing, Worshipful Master; N. B. Brown, Senior Warden; S. L. Pol- lock, Junior Warden; Hiram Deem, Secretary; Absalom Sines, Treasurer; John H. Kelsey, Se- nior Deacon; Samuel D. McCauley, Junior Dea- con; George W. Westlake, Tyler. "Bro. William Harper, a Fellowcraft, was then received and raised to the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason. A demit was granted to Bro. Philander Olmstead. The lodge was then called from labor to refreshment to resume labor on Monday evening, June 17th, 1854." At that time lodge resumed labor on the third degree, Bro. John Weare, Jr., a Fellowcraft, who had been previously elected, was received and raised to the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason. It was evidently the intention to install the officers of the lodge at this meeting. But before this could be done it was then necessary that the Mas- ter-elect should receive the Past Master's degree. This required the convening of an emergent Past Master's lodge, at which at least three who had passed through the chair should be present. In the new communities and in young lodges it was often difficult to assemble the necessary number of Past Masters. In the case now mentioned it was not until the 15th of January, 185^, that this ceremony was performed and the officers of the lodge installed. In the meantime the officers- elect served in the several stations to v.hich they were chosen as officers pro tevipore. History Crescent Lodge 75 At the meeting of June 24th Charles M. Powell "was made an Entered Apprentice Mason in due form." Isaac N. Whittam received the first degree July 10, 1854, on July 17th he was passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and at the regular communication of August 14th the same brother was raised as a Master Mason. At this latter date H. G. Angle was elected to receive the degrees. And of the same time is a note setting forth that "on motion Rev. Bro. A. Peck was per- mitted to present his application for membership in this lodge free of charge." Evidently gratui- tous membership was not favored. The commit- tee to which this matter was referred took the cor- rect ground that Masonry makes no distinctions between men because of their callings or profes- sions, and that the requirements should be alike to all petitioners. For these reasons the commit- tee reported unfavorably upon the application, and the lodge endorsed the position taken. August 28th H. G. Angle received the first de- gree at a called meeting. At the regular of Sep- tember 1 1 th Henry D. Crane was duly elected to receive Masonic light and on September 28th Bro. Angle was passed as a Fellowcraft. Jacob Spring- er, a demitted Mason, made application for mem- bership at the regular of October 9th. At this time also the lodge lost the first of its charter members. "Bro. James Keeler asked for a de- mit, which was granted." The name of Bro. Keeler was first upon the charter petition, and dur- ing the four years of lodge existence he had been 76 History Crescent Lodge among the most active workers of the organiza- tion, becoming Worshipful Master at the election held June 24, 1853. "Visiting Brother J. H. Camburn" appears among the names of those present at the special communication of October 17, 1854. It is the first mention of one who afterwards and for a very long period was closely identified with Ma- sonry in Cedar Rapids. This meeting was called for the purpose of hearing a lecture on "Ma- sonry," delivered by M. W. Bro. James L.-'Ho- gin. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. In the then condition of knowledge of the frater- nity, instruction from one who was a real Master of Craft must have been a benefit. "Closed in ample form" are the words of the record, in- serted because of the Grand Master's presence. This serves to indicate the usual custom of "short- cuts" in opening and closing ceremonies. This is not to be wondered at, when the work done at some of these meetings is considered. And to this may be added the practice of opening and closing successively upon all the degrees, necessi- tating an abbreviation of form. Another point is here gleaned, and that is the frequent mention of a Chaplain among the officers at these meetings. While not regularly elected or appointed the prac- tice was, if a clerical brother was present, to ask him to officiate as Chaplain for the time. There was at this time in Iowa and elsewhere through the country a strong movement to Christianize the fraternity. A resolution was presented and History Crescent Lodge 77 passed in Grand Lodge requiring investigating committees to acquaint themselves with belief of candidates in the inspiration and authenticity of the Scriptures, making faith therein a requisite for entrance. Fortunately the narrowing tendency of this action, as opposed to the cosmopolitan idea of Masonry, was soon discovered, and the resolution rescinded. But the pioneer Masons of Iowa, as a class, were men of deep religious convictions, and were bred to a stern faith which had part in all their actions. This will serve to explain many things which to us now, with greater knowledge of Masonic purpose and mission, appear strangely out of place. Again and again through . its more than half century of life this lodge has been called upon to pay last tribute of respect at the graveside of de- parted brothers. The first of these sad occasions was that of Monday, November 6th, 1854. We here copy from the record : "Present — Thomas Downing, W. M. pro tern., assisted by Rev. Bro. Manson; S. D. Carpenter, S. W. pro tent.; S. D. McCauley, J. W. pro tern.; Absalom Sines, Treasurer pro tern.; Hiram Deem, Secretary; J. H. Kelsey, S. D. pro tern.; John Vardy, J. D. pro tent.; S. L. Pollock, Tyler pro tern.; Elias Skinner, Chaplain; Brothers George Greene, A. Leverich, J. A. Love, G. W. West- lake, Wm. Harper and visiting brothers Downing, Holmes, Mentzer, Worrab, Gray, Ristine and Bardwell of Marion Lodge No. 6, and other visit- 78 History Crescent Lodge ing brothers Spaethe, Copenhafer, Camburn, Cal- der, Cochrane and Carpenter. "The lodge was opened on the third degree In due form. The W. M. then stated the object of this call was to make arrangements for and at- tend the funeral of our beloved brother, David W. King, a member of Cedar Rapids Lodge, who departed this life yesterday at 12 o'clock. A com- mittee of three was appointed to report resolu- tions expressive of the sense of this lodge on this mournful occasion. The committee consisted of Bros. Carpenter, Lothian and Camburn. "A procession was formed and proceeded to the residence of deceased, where a funeral sermon was delivered by Rev. Bro. Skinner, Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. The procession then proceeded to the graveyard, where the last respects were paid to our brother by Interring his remains with the solemn ceremonies of our Order. The procession was then re-formed and proceeded to the lodge room, and the lodge was then closed on the third degree of Masonry in due form." At the regular of the same evening (November 6) Bro. Jacob Springer was elected to member- ship. There was no available material upon which to work during the month, but at the next stated communication (December 4) Bro. H. G. Angle was raised to the Master Mason's degree. On January ist, 1855, •^he third degree was also conferred upon Bro. Charles M. Powell. The first regular in 1855 (January 8) was a busy and profitable evening. Committees reported favor- History Crescent Lodge 79 ably upon the petitions of E. J. Mitchell, Charles D. Gray, James L. Enos and J. H. Atwell, and these four were elected to receive the first degree of Masonry. The lodge was then closed on the third and second degrees and E. J. Mitchell and C. D. Gray received and initiated as Entered Ap- prentice Masons. This was followed by the in- itiations of J. H. Atwell and J. L. Enos at a spe- cial called for the purpose, January 13, 1855. The record of the called communication for Monday evening, January 15, reads thus: "A lodge was opened in the Past Master's degree by Bros. George Greene and S. D. Carpenter, Past Masters, and Jacob Camburn and Joseph Calder, Royal Arch Past Masters, after which the Past Master's degree was conferred on Thomas Down- ing, Master-Elect of this lodge. "JACOB CAMBURN, Secretary." The lodge was thereafter opened on the third degree of Masonry and the officers elected several months previous and who had been serving pro tempore, waiting this ceremony of passing the chair, were duly installed by Past Master George Greene. The presence of these -virtual or Chapter Past Masters, acting in conjunction with actual Past Masters, gave rise to an interesting controversy, which was carried into Grand Lodge for decision. Those who had received the degree as a part of Chapter ceremonies not only asserted their right to be present and assist in the conferring of this 8o History Crescent Lodge degree upon masters-elect, but for a time refused to sit with actual Past Masters. They alleged that this degree was an integral part of Royal Arch Masonry, and that it would be violation of their obligation to sit with others who had not so received it. On the other hand it was urged by the actual Past Masters that the degree, as conferred in the Chapter, was without meaning for this purpose. In Grand Lodge the claims of the Virtual Past Masters were soon demolished, it being proven from historical evidence and un- varying usage that only actual Past Masters had control of the degree when thus worked in the body of a lodge. The dissension ^yhich arose here, while not of great proportions, was annoy- ing, and recurred elsewhere, and had much to do with subsequent abolishment of the useless and puerile requirement. Bros. J. H. Atwell and E. J. Mitchell were duly passed to the Fellowcraft degree at the spe- cial meeting of January 22, 1855. At the regular held February 5th Thomas N. Dodd was elected to receive the first degrees and two petitioners were rejected. Two other rejections are upon the record of March 5. Washington Alspach's pe- tition was given clear ballot at the same meeting, and lodge having closed on the third and second degrees he was Initiated as an Entered Apprentice. Two different degrees were worked on the evening of March 12th, at a called meeting, Bro. J. H. Atwell being raised as a Master Mason and Bro. J. L. Enos passed to the degree of a Fellowcraft. FIKST FRAME norSK IX CRDAU KAPIDS Erc'Cte.1 by Bro. John \'anly. Still standinR corner of IhirJ street and Sixth Avenue. History Crescent Lodge 8i This was followed by the passing of Bro. C. D. Gray at the special of March 26th. The same degree was conferred upon Bro. Henry D. Crane April 30th. At the regular of May 7th the busi- ness of the evening was supplemented with work on the second degree, Bro. Washington Alspach receiving the same. Bro. Isaac Whittam represented Cedar Rapids Lodge at the Keosauqua session of 1855, holding proxy for Senior Warden. Hiram Deem, Junior Warden, was also present. The Grand Secretary complains that No. 25 had failed to remit for copies of constitution and by-laws of Grand Lodge sent. Reviewing the transcript sent up the Com- mittee on Chartered Lodges declares "the work generally good, though the Master had not signed the Slated meetings." The Grand Lodge dues, as paid to Grand Secretary at the session of 1855, amounted to $24.00. An analysis of lodge work during the year shows nine initiated, a like number passed and five raised. One was admitted by affiliation and one member had died. The total membership at close of the Masonic year was thirty-five, four having demitted. At the regular meeting held in June, 1855, the following officers of the lodge were elected : John Vardy, Worshipful Master. J. H. Kelsey, Senior Warden. Hiram Deem, Junior Warden. J. A. Love, Treasurer. Isaac N. Whittam, Secretary. 82 History Crescent Lodge S. D. McCauley. Senior Deacon. G. W. Westlake, Junior Deacon. James Leverich, Tyler. The proceedings for this year are an absolute blank, so far as our efforts to secure anything defi- nite is concerned. It is complained by the Com- mittee on Chartered Lodges that while the work of this lodge was generally good and its records correct, yet it had been attempted to expunge the necessary statements relative to rejected candi- dates. The lodge is thus instructed: "Never en- tertain a motion, nor the introduction of any busi- ness which is so unmasonic as to require to be expunged from the record, for no lodge has the right to expunge any part of its record." During this Masonic year 1855-56, six candi- dates were entered, two passed and four raised. One was admitted and one demitted. Taking the rostei's at both the beginning and end of this barren period as guides, it is almost certain that those raised wei'e Bros. Washington Alspach, J. L. Enos, Ezra Havens and William Thorn. The brother admitted was, without doubt, Jacob Cam- burn, and E. J. Mitchell left the lodge upon de- mit. The membership had grown to thirty-four brethren and the Grand Lodge dues for the year amounted to $26.70. This was made by a per capita of fifty cents per member, and ten per cent upon all moneys received by the lodge for degrees. The roster at the close of the Masonic year was as follows: George Greene, S. D. Carpenter, Thomas Downing, N. B. Brown, John Vardy, J. History Crescent Lodge 83 H. Kelsey, Hiram Deem, S. L. Pollock, Absalom Sines, J. A. Love, H. G. Higley, Isaac N. Whit- tam, R. B. Robinson, S. D. McCauley, G. W. Westlake, James Leverich, John McArthur, J. H. Smith, Joseph Greene, William Freese, Daniel Lothian, William Harper, John Weare, Jacob Springer, John Hunter, H. G. Angle, C. M. Powell, J. H. Atwell, Jacob Camburn, Elias Skin- ner, J. L. Enos, Ezra Havens, Washington Als- pach and William Thorn. At the time to which our history has now reached, the village of Cedar Rapids had begun to recognize its advantages of position and possi- bilities of future growth. It was no longer con- tent to be considered a mere adjunct or suburb of the county seat. In fact it dared to contest with Marion for control of county affairs. As in this controversy between the towns a member of Cedar Rapids Lodge was representative of the ideas and ambitions of his fellows of the river village, a synopsis of the same is here in place. As before stated, it was firmly believed that the near future would put Cedar Rapids far in advance of its neighbor. Already there was talk of a railroad from the east (which materialized in 1859). The river at the time was intermittently navigable. The business of the town was being extended in many directions. It had become the commercial center for a considerable territory. The "fly in the ointment" was that Marion retained prestige and position as county capital. It was therefore resolved to bring this forward as a question of 84 History Crescent Lodge local politics, and to test strength at the ballot box. The opportunity came in 1855 upon the elec- tion of County Judge. Under the law of the time that official had almost autocratic powers. Besides his judicial functions he was the whole Board of Supervisors rolled in one. It rested at his discre- tion whether propositions for county expenditure should or should not be submitted to the people. He thus in great measure controlled the fiscal policy of the community. The incumbent of that office in 1855, Hon. James M. Berry, had taken steps which meant the building of a county jail and other official structures at Marion. This sprung the first "Court house fight." Judge Berry's term expired in 1855, and upon the person of his suc- cessor hinged the success or defeat of Cedar Rap- ids' ambitions. He was a candidate for re-election, his claims being pushed by Marion's political friends. The Cedar Rapids champion was Rev. Elias Skinner. (Bro. Skinner is still living — a res- ident of Waterloo.) The campaign was, as might be expected, an animated one. The question at is- sue was of importance and advantage, one way or the other, to almost every voter in the county. At the election in August Judge Berry received a total of 1,233 votes, against 993 for Elias Skinner. Thus was the permanence of Marion as county seat assured. All the activities of the time were possible with but a scanty population. The census of 1850 gave but 5,444 inhabitants to the entire county. Yet this was an immense increase for the decade History Crescent Lodge 85 of first settlement. (In 1840 the total was but i>373)- What are now deemed the necessary conveniences of life were lacking or considered as luxuries. The men and women of these pioneer times were investing years of ill-requited labor in splendid faith that to them or to their children the years would bring deferred reward. Yet already attempts were being made to relieve the first bare- ness of this rugged life. Schools and churches had taken root in the community, and the build- ings erected for the uses of education and religion afforded gathering places for the citizens. With increasing frequency of meeting more attention was paid to public comfort. Dividing lines of party or section or creed were but loosely drawn where all were dependent upon common effort. Thus there was ready response to any reasonable call for public utilities, facilities or advancements. As yet there was no bridge across the Cedar River. The brethren living west of the stream who attended lodge had to use boats or to cau- tiously essay the usual ford. It is therefore no wonder that the lodge, having the comfort and safety of these and others In view, met "upon the first Monday after full moon." In consequence of these difficulties there were comparatively few special communications. So far as possible work was performed after business of the regular meet- ings was concluded, and two and even three differ- ent degrees were sometimes conferred before lodge was finally closed. Masonry was no less exclusive in those days 86 History Crescent Lodge than in our own. Indeed the writer, after search- ing through the newspaper files of the period for information, is inclined to believe these old broth- ers were more reserved than ourselves in giving to the public any matters pertaining to the fraternity. But there was not then the opportunity to reserve for themselves an exclusive meeting place. The first halls were for the public, and societies, churches, and political and other gatherings shared their privileges in common. The furniture be- longing to the lodge was supplemented by that otherwise provided. But as soon after organiza- tion as possible this Masonic body sought out and secured a separate hall. By the time at which this record has now arrived a change had been made from first quarters to a building then owned by Bro. H. G. Angle, at what Is now the corner of First street and A avenue. The furniture made by Bro. J. A. Love, before mentioned, consisted of chairs for the officers and their proper pedes- tals, with an elaborately worked and paneled altar. These articles were constnicted of native walnut, then a plentiful wood. "All this furniture," says Bro. Whittam, "was carefully and persistently finished In oil, coat after coat being added until the full beauty of the wood was brought out. The altar, especially, was a handsome piece of work, the panels being wrought of wood with contrast- ing grain and color." It was afterwards possible to buy some of the more common articles of fur- niture ready made. We find an old Inventory of History Crescent Lodge 87 things purchased about this time for the lodge in Its new quarters. This list is as follows: 14 Arm Chairs at $2.00 $28.00 15 Common Chairs at 25 cents 3.75 5 Stands 22.00 2 Stoves and Pipes 12.00 1 Chandelier 4.00 6 Lamps 5.00 12 Spit Boxes 3.00 2 Desks 12.00 The jewels of the lodge at that date were sil- vered and pendant from collars, similar to those now in use. The other necessary paraphernalia, which could not be constructed at home, had been obtained from time to time, through the Grand Secretary's office, from eastern manufacturers. Thus the lodge was well equipped for its work and afforded a conveniently arranged and comfort- able meeting place for its membership. CHAPTER VII. 1856-1860. ONE of the last to receive the Fellowcraft de- gree in the Masonic year 1854-55 was Bro. C. D. Gray. It v/as not until the first meeting of the lodge year 1856-57 that he was raised as a Master Mason, the date being June 23, 1856. The officers filling the stations that evening were all temporary, as follows: Hiram Deem, J. W., acting as W M.; S. L. Pollock, S. W. ; Jacob Camburn, J. ^Y. ; H. G. Angle, Treasurer; J. W. Chambers, Secretary; S. D. McCauley, S. D.; Wm. Harper, J. D. ; Washington Alspach, Tyler. It does not appear that there were any other brethren in attendance. This is borne out, also, by the fact that there was held the same evening, and at conclusion of the work aforesaid, the reg- ular communication of the month. The same of- ficers were in the chairs, the only additional name recorded being that of C. D. Gray, the newly- made brother. After receiving and referring the petition of Morgan Parks the lodge, on motion, proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year, with the following result: Hiram Deem, Worshipful Master. Samuel L. Pollock, Senior Warden. H.G. ANGLE & CO. Ury- Goods Groceries & Glassware One of the Earlie.st Homes of Crescent Lodge History Crescent Lodge 89 H. G. Angle, Junior Warden. Jacob H. Camburn, Treasurer. Isaac N. Whittani, Secretai^. George W. Westlake, Senior Deacon. William Harper, Junior Deacon. Ezra Havens, Tyler. One week later, on Monday evening, July 7, 1856, the lodge first met on the Past Master's de- gree, for the purpose of qualifying Hiram Deem, Master-elect. Past Master S. D. Carpenter then installed the officers as above. Two of these of- ficers — Isaac N. Whittam and George W. West- lake — being absent, they were installed by proxy. Inquiry of old Masons, here and elsewhere, indi- cates that such substitution was then permissible and frequently resorted to, though not now al- lowed. It appears that a brother was selected from those in attendance who in the name of the absent officer-elect made proper responses and promised to fulfill the duties devolving upon the position. It was probably difficult to notify the membership of intended special meetings and equally difficult to secure a full attendance. Any absentees at an installation might thus occasion delay and confusion. The proxy method obviated all this, and under the circumstances probably worked well. At the regular of July 21st opportunity was given for payment of dues, and $7.00 was re- ceived. It was then the custom to pay quarterly in advance, at the rate of one dollar per quarter. The dues of a Master Mason raised or admitted 90 History Crescent Lodge within the quarter were computed for the one or two months. Thus various fractional amounts are shown in the Treasurer's accounts against the brethren. Favorable report was made on the pe- tition of Morgan Parks and he Avas elected to re- ceive the first degree. Upon recommendation of committee Bro. P. \Y. Reeder, a demitted Master Mason, was elected to membership. Among the pro tern, officers of this and almost every subsequent meeting of the year is to be found the name of J. L. Enos. It is to be doubted if in all the membership of that time there was one who more fully grasped the meaning of Masonry than this brother. Certainly no other in the lodge de- voted himself so faithfully to master the work and to acquaint himself with the history of the fraternity. This attitude and the ability dis- played were appreciated by his brethren, both at home and later in the Grand Lodge. Yet over his later years it ^^ill be necessary that we drop the mantle of charity, that his shortcomings be not too harshly remembered. The regular of August i8th makes record of matters and procedure which seem rather peculiar, as compared with methods now in vogue. Favor- able report was made upon a petition for initia- tion. This was received and committee dis- charged. Thereafter there was discussion, and upon the motion balloting upon the candidate was deferred. In another case, on the same evening, a petition upon which favorable report had been made, was taken from the table. One of the History Crescent Lodge 91 brethren present asked to be excused from voting. He was excused, and the ballot being spread the candidate — A. S. Belt — was elected. Like fav- orable action was also taken on the petition of Daniel Cain. A demit was granted Bro. William Freese. The lodge having closed on the third and second degrees, A. S. Belt was prepared, received and initiated. At the called communication held on the fore- noon of Tuesday, August 19th, Bros. Jesse S. Brown and J. V. HoUebaugh were passed as Fel- lowcraft. Preceding the business of the stated meeting of September 15th, Bros. A. Whitenack and H. L. Darr, Entered Apprentices, also re- ceived the second degree. Ballot upon the peti- tion of John Mills resulted favorably, and later In the same evening he was initiated In the first degree. Bro. John Vardy asked for a demit, which upon motion was granted. This was the second of the charter members to leave the lodge, Bro. James Keeler being the first. Bro. Keeler, as we have before stated, was an Episcopal minister, coming to Cedar Rapids in 1850 from Muscatine. We are unable, however, to find his name In the returns of Iowa Lodge No. 2 of Muscatine, prior to that date. No record has been preserved of the dates or lodge of Issue of these demits. While upon this subject it may be noted that Grace Episcopal Church was organized by Rev. Bro. Keeler in 1850. Under his ministry the corner-stone of a church was laid. "While this building was being 92 History Crescent Lodge erected," says an historian writing in 1878, "the public services of the church were held in such places as could conveniently be secured. The lower part of the frame building on the bank of the river near Park (Third) avenue bridge, now used as a carriage factory, was occupied for pub- lic worship for some time. It Is said that the up- per stor^' was used at the time for storage of grain, which percolated through the cracks of the floor Into the lower room, to the distraction and dis- comfort of worshipers. Often, too, in warm weather, the solemnity of the services was Inter- rupted by the entrance of genuine western porkers, with their attenuated snouts searching for this grain. At other times, the upper room was occu- pied by some family as temporary quarters, and the rocking of a cradle or sounds of domestic operations gave variety to the moods and senti- ments of the church-goers." John Vardy, the second of the charter mem- bers to ask demit, was among the very first set- tlers of Cedar Rapids. He erected the first frame building — in 1842-43, at the north corner of Adams and Brown streets. Bro. Vardy was a. cabinet-maker by trade, and his shop was In the same building. He was one of the few who at a meeting held July 9, 1847, organized the First Presbyterian church of Cedar Rapids, and was chosen one of the first elders of that congregation. The first Sunday School in the city was organized In the early summer of 1845, ^"d for a time met in Bro. Vardy's shop and dwelling. History Crescent Lodge 93 Monday evening, September 29th, the second degree was conferred upon Bro. A. S. Belt. The lodge then opened upon the third degree and Bro. J. V. Hollebaugh, a Fellowcraft, was raised as a Master Mason. R. R. Taylor was elected to receive the first degree at the regular communi- cation of October 13, 1856. Two Fellowcrafts were advanced as Master Masons October 20th, these being Bros. A. S. Belt and A. Whitenack. On November 17th, this being the regular meet- ing, one petition was rejected, five were received and referred and Bro. John Moroney was elected to membership'. This was the greatest number of petitions so far received at any meeting of the lodge. At the succeeding regular, Decem- ber 15th, three of these petitioners — Messrs. Benjamin Darnell, James McQuinn and L. H. Keyes — ^were duly elected, the two others being rejected. It is evident from the record that this was considered a meeting of importance. The attendance of the brethren was large, including the following: "Hiram Deem, W. M.; S. L. Pollock, S. W.; Jacob Camburn, J. W. pro tern.; A. S. Belt, Sec- retary pro tern.; J. H. Atwell, Treasurer pro tern.; visiting brother J. M. Chambers, S. D. pro tern.; J. L. Enos, J. D. pro tern.; Ezra Hav- ens, Tyler. Brothers William Harper, P. W- Reeder, John Moroney, N. B. Brown, Jesse L. Brown, H. E. Higley, J. V. Hollebaugh and Morgan Parks. Following the business of the evening James 94 History Crescent Lodge McQuinn and Benjamin Darnell were received and initiated as Entered Apprentice Masons. L. H. Keyes received the first degree at a special communication held December 22. The regular of January 12th, 1857, shows but little business, beyond reception of one petition and balloting upon advancement of several brethren then pass- ing through the degrees. Bros. James McQuinn and Benjamin Darnell were on January 19th passed as Fellowcrafts. The resume of record contained in transcript for the regular of February 9th, 1857, brings out a matter which was of the previous stated com- munication. At that time a proposition was re- ceived from Hope Lodge, I. O. O. P., asking that that organization be allowed quarters in the hall of Cedar Rapids Lodge, as renter from the latter. This was referred to a committee for con- sideration, with power to rent if deemed expedient and desirable. When the minutes of that meeting were read for approval and were passed without correction or amendment, "Bro. Cambum arose and asked that his protest be entered of record against that part of said proceedings being ap- proved which refers to the committee having power to rent the lodge room to the L O. O. F., if they deemed it expedient. This protest was ac- cordingly entered." But the minutes as they stood were approved, and the action against which Bro. Camburn protested was endorsed. Further the committee made report, counseling that Hope Lodge, L O. O. F., be accepted as a tenant. This History Crescent Lodge 95 report was received and its recommendation ap- proved. The committee was further instructed to make necessary arrangements with Hope Lodge. Bro. Camburn had received his Masonic train- ing in a strict school, which allowed for no devia- tions from the narrow path of exclusiveness. The brethren of the lodge, on the other hand, believed it matter of rightful courtesy thus to favor a body composed of their own friends and neighbors and of which they themselves were members. Suitable halls for lodge purposes were not to be obtained, except as new buildings were erected and their upper stories bespoken for the purpose. These brethren accepted the exigencies and limita- tions of a pioneer community, and acted within the spirit if not the letter of the law. But sin- cerely believing that this was a transgression of the lex non scripta of Masonry, which as an of- ficer of the lodge he could not countenance, Bro. Camburn that same evening resigned as Treasurer of the lodge, to take effect at once. This resigna- tion was accepted, and Bro. J. H. Atwell ap- pointed to fill the vacancy. At the same meeting the lodge took under con- sideration the Revised Constitution of the Grand Lodge and the Revised By-Laws of the same body. These had been adopted at the annual Grand Communication of 1856 and referred to the constituent lodges for final endorsement or re- jection. On the proposed revisions, considered separately, the lodge voted in the negative. But 96 History Crescent Lodge no record of this action was sent the Grand Secre- tary, as required by law. That official says in his report for 1857 "that in October of last year he issued in sheets to each subordinate lodge the con- stitution and by-laws, as concurred in at the last session of the Grand Lodge, with a circular re- questing them to act thereon and notffy him of the result of such action at an early day." He re- lates his repeated efforts to spur the lodges to ac- tion. Cedar Rapids is mentioned among those who "have made no reply to the oft-repeated re- quests of the Grand Secretary for light upon the subject of their action." As will be shown later along in this chapter Bro. I. N. Whittam, Secre- tary of the lodge, had new and onerous duties pressed upon him by his fellow-citizens of Cedar Rapids, and this will likely account for some re- missness on his part. At the regular meeting of March loth the peti- tion of Dyer Usher was favorably acted upon, as was also that of Samuel Springer. The first named of these two candidates deserves mention here, if but to emphasize his claims as being the earliest, or one of the earliest white men to ven- ture within what is now Linn county. In 1837 the first settler found habitation ^vithin what is now the territory of this county. Yet it is related that in 1836 Bro. Usher, young and adventurous, trapped and hunted up and down the Cedar river. It was not, however, until 1839 that he settled in Linn county. A more extended biographical History Crescent Lodge 97 sketch of this brother will be found farther along in this work. April 13th, 1857, James C. Adams was elected to receive the Entered Apprentice degree, and on the same date Dyer Usher was initiated in the first degree. Samuel Springer follows in the order of work, being entered at the called communication of April 20, James C. Adams was also initiated upon the same date. William Arbuckle was elected, upon his petition, at the regular of May nth, 1857. A note in the transcript of this latter date, to the effect that "E. G. Brown, a non-affiliated Mas- ter Mason, paid fifty cents Grand Lodge dues," recalls the custom of that time in dealing with non- affiliates. The population of Iowa and other of then western states and territories was in a state of flux and constant change. Members of the fraternity demitted from their home lodges of the older communities, that the document granted might be evidence of their standing as Masons. A year or two might pass before these brethren were satisfied as to location for settlement. They would naturally not be willing, while thus uncer- tain, to present their demits and join the lodges near at hand. As a consequence the number of these non-affiliating Masons constantly increased. They exercised the right of unrestricted visitation, and in some instances became a very serious tax upon the patience and resources of struggling lodges. To arrange this matter equitably the Grand Lodge of Iowa, assuming rightfully that 98 History Crescent Lodge all Master Masons within its territory were also within its legislative jurisdiction, provided that these non-affiliated, to retain the rights and privi- leges of the Craft, should contribute to its support. Without such contribution the non-affiliate was to be charged with offense and suspended. The plan worked fairly well for sevei-al years, or until the conditions which had made such action necessary had changed. The lodge statistics for the year, summarized, show eight initiated, eight passed, seven raised, three admitted and one died. The membership In June, 1857, had reached forty-three, and grand lodge dues for the year aggregated $37.00. This amount was made up by a per capita of fifty cents per member (Including non-affiliates) and ten per cent of fees received for the degrees. Hiram Deem, W. M. of the lodge, was its representative at the Iowa City session of Grand Lodge for the year. This year (1856-57) was an important period in the histon' of Cedar Rapids, and In the public events of the time the members of this lodge took prominent part. The city was Incorporated July 22, 1856, having before that date been governed under the general laws of the state. The charter election was held August 7, 1856. After that we note the frequent absences of Bro. I. N. Whittam from lodge meetings. The reason therefor Is ap- parent when we are Infon-ned he Avas elected first mayor of the city. He was re-elected in 1857. Of the six aldermen for the latter year two were History Crescent Lodge 99 members of Cedar Rapids Lodge, viz : S. D. Car- penter of the Second Ward and A. Whitenack of the Third Ward. The first bridge was carried over the Cedar river in 1856. It was but a flimsy affair and went out with the ice in the spring of '57. A floating structure, crossing at what is now First avenue, was put in this last named year, which was also broken up by a sudden movement of the ice in 1858. In 1856 Bro. H. G. Angle was organizer of a company to construct and maintain a substan- tial toll bridge. Associated with him in this en- terprise were Bros. George Greene, John Weare, H. E. Higley, N. B. Brown and others. This structure was not completed and open for use until the winter of 1859-60. A bird's-eye view of the business interests in the year 1856 is obtained from the columns of the Voice of Iowa, a monthly publication edited and owned by Bro. J. L. Enos. The enterprises then having home in the city were thus enumer- ated : Four flour mills, two planing mills, one cooper shop, five wagon and carriage factories, one iron foundry, two cabinet and chair-making shops, two plow factories, three boot and shoe shops, two saddle and harness shops, four tin and sheet metal- working establishments, one woolen mill, five brick yards, two agricultural implement factories, three merchant tailor shops, two wood-working shops, three newspaper and printing oflices, eight grocery stores, five clothing stores, fifteen dry goods stores, lOO History Crescent Lodge one devoted to millinery and kindred goods, four drug stores, Irwo jewelry establishments, four hard- ware stores, two book stores, one book-bindery, four lumber yards, one bakery and one barber shop. There were in the town at that time five public and private halls, five hotels, four churches, three banks and one public reading room. The first graded school in Cedar Rapids was opened in 1856, the old Washington school build- ing being first occupied in the fall of that year. From this time express service with outside points is dated, the first route being from Cedar Rapids to Iowa City. Railroad communication was also approaching the town. In May, 1857, the Chi- cago, Iowa and Nebraska line (now Northwest- ern) had been opened to De Witt, in Clinton county, and was being pushed westward. It did not, however, reach Cedar Rapids until June, 1859. In 1857-58 the business activities of the mem- bership interferred with the work of the lodge. At the session of 1858, held at Des Moines, Cedar Rapids Lodge was not represented, nor were its returns sent to the office of the Grand Secretary. It is learned that during the year the lodge was favored by a visit from Deputy Grand Master Fleak, who spent one evening with the brethren, exemplifying the work. A synopsis of work performed, preserved in Grand Lodge proceedings, shows but three initia- tions, four passed and four raised, two admitted and two demltted. The membership shows a net History Crescent Lodge loi gain of two for the year, the total number being forty-five. The four newly made Master Ma- sons, ascertained by a study of the previous re- turns, with the roster of the year 1857-58, were: Dyer Usher, Samuel Springer, James C. Adams and William Arbuckle. The two admitted broth- ers were E. A. Suits and William Thorn. Further inquiry, based on the fragmentary treasurer's ac- counts preserved would place Bro. Usher's raising about the first of July, 1857, that of Adams and Springer in the succeeding month and Arbuckle's in September. Ephraim Suits was probably ad- mitted in December, 1857, and Wm. Thorn on or about January 25, 1858. As to the dates of these demissions nothing can be ascertained. On May 31, 1858, the last meeting before session of Grand Lodge, Bros. G. W. Westlake, C. M. Powell, Morris Nagle and R. R. Robinson were suspended for non-payment of dues. The action was not reported until 1859. To the returns of 1859 there is attached a list of non-afiiliated Masons residing within the juris- diction of the lodge. These are divided into two classes, viz : First, those who had maintained themselves in good standing by payment of dues to some lodge. The brethren of this class are thus named : John M. Chambers, Joseph Calder, — Moorhead, — Brubaker, — McKeon, — Part- ridge, D. B. Bates, F. Eddy, — Stanley. In the second class are named those who had been suspended, or upon whom dues were remitted in consequence of age or misfortune. These were : I02 History Crescent Lodge Dr. Church, Dr. J. P. Coulter, J. L. Cook, Mowry Farnum, — Fairchild, — Harvey, John Boyce, L. L. St. John, — Boughton, Sr., F. P. Huntington, Isaiah Booth and Ed. Young. The proceedings of the lodge for the year 1859 do not show numerous meetings nor a great amount of work performed. At the regular of July 13, 1858, T. Z. Cook was made a Master Mason. On January 22 the Entered Apprentice degree was conferred on John R. Corporan and John Harris. John P. Wright, John R. Cor- poran and John Harris were passed as Fellowcrafts on February 21. On March 21 three brothers were raised — a full evening's work — John R. Wright, John R. Corporan and John Harris. In April (6th) the only work was the initiation of E. N. Bates, and on May i6th this brother was advanced to the second degree. At the same meet- ing Bros. Gabriel Carpenter, John G. Wolf and B. Frank Boughton were admitted to membership. Thence there is no record of meeting held until September 27th, on which date Bro. Adam Felgar was passed to the Fellowcraft degree. October 25th Bro. James McQuinn asked for and was granted a demit. Bro. John H. Smith demitted November 2 2d, and at the same regular meeting the Entered Apprentice degree was conferred upon Conrad Darr. The last work of the year, or meet- ing recorded, is that of November 27, at which time Brother Adam Felgar was raised as a Mas- ter Mason. By the close of the year 1859 the lodge mem- History Crescent Lodge 103 bership had increased to fifty-two. The statistics for the official term record four initiated, five passed, five raised, three admitted and two de- mitted. The official and membership roster was then as follows: J. H. Camburn, Worshipful Master. J. L. Enos, Senior Warden. S. D. McCauley, Junior Warden. William Harper, Treasurer. P. W. Reeder, Secretary. John Moroney, Senior Deacon. J. C. Adams, Junior Deacon. J. V. Hollebaugh, Tyler. Master Masons — George Greene, N. B. Brown, S. L. Pollock, A. Sines, Hiram Deem, J. H. Kelsey, S. D. Carpenter, H. E. HIgley, John McArthur, Joseph Greene, Daniel Lothian, John Weare, I. N. Whittam, Jacob Springer, J. Hunter, H. G. Angle, J. H. Atwell, Elias Skinner, Ezra Havens, Washington Alspach, Jesse S. Brown, Morgan Parks, A. S. Belt, Benjamin Dar- nell, H. L. Darr, Dyer Usher, A. Whitenack, Samuel Springer, R. R. Taylor, J. C. Adams, John T. Wright, T. Z. Cook, John R. Corporan, John Harris, Adam Felgar, William Thorn, Wil- liam Arbuckle, Ephraim A. Suits, Gabriel Car- penter, John G. Wolf, B. F. Boughton. Fellowcraft — E. N. Bates. Entered Apprentice — Conrad Darr. Demitted — James McQuinn, John H. Smith. CHAPTER VIII. REVIEW OF THE FIRST DECADE. IN the foregoing chapters we have followed the fortunes of the lodge for the first ten years of its existence. The task has been one of infinite dif- ficulty, owing to the lack of records and other requisite documents. Nor can we hope to have avoided errors. It has been necessary at times by a system of exclusion to arrive at certain desired facts and dates, and even after the most patient study we can but hope to approximate the exact truth. The memories of the few still living, whose membership reaches back to the early years, can not fix with accuracy the points in doubt. The whole panorama of past events unrolls to their recollections. Here and there an incident, by its associations or its personal interest, stands out prominently. But as the mental image of a widely extended scene is broken when attempt is made to visualize some special feature, so the memories of these pioneers become confused and misleading when it is sought to isolate and bring out sharp picture of men, and the minor events of long dead years. The period through which the lodge had just passed, viewed from present distance, is one which has in It all of pioneer romance. Elsewhere we History Crescent Lodge 105 have pictured the frontier village, as best its feat- ures may be discerned through the years and por- trayed by an unskilled hand. It is here of the life in general we would speak — of the hopes and ambitions of the early settlers, of the difficulties with which they were surrounded and the ex- pedients devised as makeshifts tO' meet emergencies. We would also give some view of these old breth- ren, few in number, struggling against many dis- couragements and not a few obstacles to establish the ancient fraternity in new soil. The tender shoot which they transplanted has grown beyond anything the most sanguine of them could have imagined. The charter members and first in- itiates of Cedar Rapids Lodge never dreamed of a time, not more than a long generation removed, when within limits of the city nearly six hundred men, — the best of all classes and races, — should hold it matter of pride to be members of this organ- ization and of the sister body which has within the years swarmed from the parent hive. Nor could these early Masons, looking about their small lodge room, with its few conveniences and rude furnish- ings, have imagined the great temple which their descendants of no very distant time would erect to the glory of the Craft. The graves of these pioneer brethren are dotted here and there in the quiet God's-acres about the city ; others have found resting places far and near; some lie beneath the fields where armies met, and sleep amid the hosts of patriot dead. But if, beyond the silences, the souls of men may meet and yet remember things io6 History Crescent Lodge of earth, these departed brethren surely know, and are as surely glad, of progress made within these fifty years of patient effort and splendid realiza- tion. No matter how often the story be told, the true spirit of pioneer days can never be appreciated by those who come upon the later scene. However vivid the word-picture of the past one can not divest himself of the present. You are told that only here and there were homes ; that Cedar Rapids was hardly more than name and promise. But the mind can not imagine all the now filled spaces vacant, nor shut out from mental view the high- ways and the railroads and the noise and hurry of the present. It is, indeed, but a partial and ob- scure picture that may in after years be drawn of any pioneer community. Difficulties were thick about these settlers in making homes in the raw territory. Speculators, then as now, were ready and eager to profit from the necessities or the desires of their fellows. Hardly were the new lands opened to settlement than desirable locations were seized by these watchful schemers or their agents. Others, hav- ing knowledge of the laws, found the bona fide settlers delinquent in some technicality, and made trouble, hoping either to obtain desired land or a cash compromise. To such an extent were these tactics pursued that at the first land sales in the territory the settlers combined for self-protection. It was given out that any bidding for lands against actual settlers would be severely and summarily History Crescent Lodge 107 dealt with. The intimation was In most cases and places sufficient. The machinery of the law was crude and insuf- ficient. Courts were of course established at the formation of the territory, and these were at wide intervals of session competent to care for the civil business brought before them. But a more speedy method of dealing with the lawless element was necessary. The wild characters that advancing civilization had borne on its front and deposited here and there In the new settlements forced com- bination on the part of the more restrained and peaceable people. Linn county had Its share of these disturbers, and there are many stories extant of the means adopted to bring quietness and safety to the community. Every settlement was in large measure self-con- tained. So far as possible it provided for Itself the necessaries of life, and eschewed the luxuries. The essential handicrafts had their representa- tives among the first men who settled in Cedar Rapids. Bro. S. L. Pollock was the first black- smith in the city, Bro. Isaac Cook the first lawyer — a necessary being even upon the frontier. Bro. Samuel Hook offered for sale the first merchandise ever brought to the city, consisting of a wagon- load of miscellaneous goods. Bro. George W. Westlake (still living) was the first harness-maker. The Cedar Rapids postoffice was established In 1847, with Bro. Joseph Greene as postmaster. So small was the amount of mail received In those times of difficult communication and high postage, io8 History Crescent Lodge that the postmaster carried it about in his hat and distributed it as he chanced to meet those to whom it was addressed. The first schoolhouse, built by Bros. George Greene, N. B. Brown and others, was erected in 1846-47, and subsequently sold to the district. Bros. George and Joseph Greene opened the first store, located for a time in a log building located on the north corner of Commercial and Eagle street (now First street and Second avenue) . As we have before stated Bro. John Vardy was the first cabinet-maker, and went to the extiravagance of erecting a frame building for shop and dwelling so early as 1842-43. The water-power of the river was soon utilized, a saw mill being placed in 1842-43 and a grist mill in the succeeding year. These were owned and operated by Bro. N. B. Brown. Within a few years a woolen mill was added to the infant industries of the city. Thus it was that with exception of a few indispensable groceries the people provided all things for them- selves. General markets were far away and could only be reached by the rivers. Dubuque, Davenport, Muscatine and Burlington then profited by their positions, and drew produce from a great distance. "It was no uncommon thing in the early '50s," said a good old brother to the writer, "for a farmer to come many miles with a load of wheat, or if in winter, with his load of freshly dressed pork, and try in vain to sell the same in Cedar Rapids. Then he would take the road, generally for Mus- catine. With an ox team that was no small jour- History Crescent Lodge 109 ney. At that place (then called Bloomlngton) he might hope some portion of his returns in cash, but even in the river towns sale and purchase was largely matter of barter. Here in Cedar Rapids the merchants rarely paid out cash. Orders for merchandise passed current among the people, and were legal tender in payment for labor, professional services or necessaries other than those called for. After serving all kinds of good purposes these orders were finally turned in at the store of issue and redeemed in goods. Cash was notoriously scarce, and what we had was of an uncertain char- acter. Yet we got along fairly well without money. It was necessary to pay taxes and buy whisky, but all other purchases could be offset by labor or produce." This reference to the quality of the currency brings to mind repeated entries in the financial re- ports of Grand Lodge secretary and treasurers. Again and again it was necessary to deduct from the total of receipts counterfeit or "wild-cat" and worthless money taken in. And this, too, in spite of the issue and study of publications devoted to a detection of counterfeits and speedy warnings of untrustworthy banks. Means of communications, as indicated above, were altogether lacking, excepting as the great rivers of the west opened a way to the distant cities. There were long and tiresome trips for those who wished to purchase stocks of goods for the newer communities. Down the Mississippi to St. Louis, the outpost of commerce, or from thence up no History Crescent Lodge the Ohio to Cincinnati. Then the purchases went back over the same route to the nearest point on the Mississippi from which they could be hauled to the settlement. The first settlers at this point believed the Cedar river would give them navigable waters to the Mississippi. Indeed for some years an intermittent trafBc was thus carried on. Flat- boats loaded with grain left Cedar Rapids for St. Louis in 1 841 and this practice continued until well into the '50s. But the period of high water was short, and any mishap or delay was apt to result in total loss. In 1858 a steamboat was bought by a stock company and did a fairly good business on the river for two years. A collision with another boat and consequent lawsuits put an end to this venture. In the same year other parties built a steamboat here to trade on the upper river. This craft, known as the "Black-Hawk," plied regularly between Cedar Rapids and Waterloo, and continued in the trade during the years 1859- 60. In 1 86 1 the government bought all manner of river boats to aid in military operations. The "Black-Hawk" was among the purchases made and went to the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers as a supply boat. The Cedar river, despite these attempts, was not a practical route for floating produce to market, and until the advent of rail- roads the farmers and merchants of this city and surrounding country were seriously handicapped. Yet despite all these disadvantages the home and community life of the times left little to be desired. There was, within the limit of means, History Crescent Lodge 1 1 1 a boundless hospitality. The intending settler or man willing to take his share in the arduous labors of the pioneers, found hearty welcome and willing hands to aid his first endeavors. That his means were scanty was no cause for shame, for none of his neighbors had yet so much that they could scorn the new-comer. Sickness and misfortune brought friends and comfort with speedy relief and sympathy. Whatever else was lacking there was no dearth of kindliness. Development of the social side in a pioneer community was to some de- gree necessitated by its Isolation and by the inti- macy of acquaintance and sameness of interest among Its people. The old brother to whom we have elsewhere referred, enlarging upon this fact of the early years in Cedar Rapids, said: *'The amusements of the time, while perhaps lack- ing great variety, were numerous, and interested the whole community. The wilder spirits among us, of course, indulged in some 'horse play,' and practical joking was In favor among a certain class. But even this was usually harmless and in- nocent. I don't believe it took so much to amuse people and to keep them In good humor then as now. They seemed to have accepted the neces- sary privations and disadvantages of the time with a resolve to minimize the disagreeable part and to make the most of whatever there might be of pleasure. A church sociable would bring out all the people in town, and draw in the farmers for a considerable distance. The attendance of women-kind at a quiltlng-bee would almost prove 1 1 2 History Crescent Lodge embarrassing in numbers. Men made of their very labors and the necessity for co-operation therein the excuse for good cheer and social gath- ering. "And within the limits of our opportunities and resources," continued this informant, "we strove for intellectual improvement. Books were scarce and costly, but those we possessed were good and thoroughly read. The flood of fiction had not set in, nor had readers learned the trick of superficial skimming for temporary pleasure. Our weekly newspapers seem dull and heavy to one who goes over the scarce files. The editors were usually ex- treme partisans and bitter in their denunciations of men and policies not favored by themselves or their parties. But the editorials were usually ex- pressed in clear-cut English and not modeled upon the slang of the street. The selections made from current literature were well chosen and this feature of the old newspapers should be considered as an important part of educative influences. And then before the advent of railways and telegraphs and cable lines we could afford to wait for news of the great world without impatience. The result of a presidential election for instance, could not be known for weeks, but that only gave us longer time to speculate and to hope. A foreign war was something so remote and its participants so little known to us, that interest was satisfied with a few brief paragraphs, with perhaps a short edi- torial of explanation. After it was all over we could read of it in a book, without anxiety as to> o ^ / History Crescent Lodge 113 daily results and changes. Literary societies, with their lectures and debates, were our winter amusements. Among the first settlers were a sprinkling of men who had been carefully trained in eastern schools and colleges. They were the first representatives of the learned professions. It was considered necessary that the future doctor or lawyer should know something more than just the things of his profession. The classics pre- ceded and supplemented technical study. Some of the ministers, of course, were products of the frontier, and like their surroundings, were rude and uncouth, but intensely earnest. Others, how- ever, were men well read in polite literature be- yond their theological knowledge. These men were the organizers and maintainers of our liter- ary and debating societies. They were themselves frequent opponents when live questions came up for discussion. They were at all times the judges and critics of youthful effort. Thus there were enlisted in these regular or occasional gatherings local, family and individual pride of knowledge or eloquence, and the generous rivalry cultivated by these contests of thought and speech had a won- derfully broadening effect. "Then there was the spelling school, — an event to be anticipated with interest and remembered with pleasure. At this there were at first few spectators. All but the older people or those known to be woefully deficient in orthography were in the opposing lines. As these were thinned out the audience grew in size and followed 114 History Crescent Lodge with increasing interest the fortunes of those re- maining on the floor. The dignified minister, or the prosperous merchant stood next to the small boy who had developed an abnormal knowledge of words, and were, oftener than not, defeated by the youngster. And then the pride to that last one, standing alone in spite of the terrible monstrosities of speech hurled at him by the village pedagogue from the old blue-covered spelling book. "Our outdoor amusements were not very diver- sified. There was an occasional horse race. It was run on the streets or in some handy pasture, and drew out at least the entire male population. This form of sport was supposed to have in it something delightfully dissipated — a dash of wick- edness that gave it greatest zest. The strong men pitted their muscles and powers of endurance against each other in wrestling matches or kindred contests. For those of us of less athletic frame there was quoit pitching. I remember that our favorite place for this sport was at a spot near where the Gazette office now stands. And here, in the long summer evenings a knot of interested spectators would gather to watch the experts. "I could stretch out this talk of the old days until it would tire you," interjected the patriarch at this point. "I could tell you of Foui'th of July celebrations held in groves where now there are solid blocks of buildings. There we burnt som.e powder, and listened to the screamingest kind of spread eagle speeches. And then having done our annual duty in deifying revolutionary heroes History Crescent Lodge 1 1 5 and whipping England over again, we fell upon one of those great Fourth of July dinners with the appetites of pioneers and patriots, eating in both capacities. "Talk about your cooking and cookery schools," came by way of parenthesis. I had said nothing of either, and the reference was prob- ably to some unuttered thought of a particularly successful Fourth of July dinner. "Talk about your cooking and cookery schools ! Why the women folk of those days could get more of good taste into the food they turned out of their ket- tles and their ovens than any of these modern professors of the art." It was evidently a mo- ment of pleasant memory, not to be disturbed, and thus I left the old man to his musings. Perhaps an apology may be owing to the reader in thus bringing Into what Is Intended as a history of the lodge these rambling reminiscences, this gossip of the time long passed. Yet the writer can not but believe they may prove of interest. The old brother from whom in various interviews these sketches were obtained, is the last of his gen- eration of Craftsmen still living among us, and his words are, if for this reason alone, of import- ance. And again, it is only as we can more clearly understand the period and Its general life that we can appreciate the part taken therein by the lodge and its membership. From this we pass to a review of fraternal matters during this first dec- ade of existence and struggle. In 1 85 1 eight petitioners with a firm faith in Ii6 History Crescent Lodge the inherent vitality of the Masonic institution and a boundless confidence of the future of the community, applied for and were granted dispen- sation to open Cedar Rapids Lodge. It was an undertaking which entailed upon these few an amount of work and anxiety which can hardly now be comprehended. Instead of, as at present, hav- ing ground long prepared, these brethren had with toilful effort to make ready the rich but rude ma- terial. At that time there yet lingered here and there something of the bitterness and prejudice which in a still earlier day had provoked a storm of intolerance against Masonry and which for a time threatened its disruption. In one of the local cemeteries there is reared an imposing monument, upon which is a lengthy inscription recording activ- ities of the man whose memory is thus preserved. He was, we are there told, a life-long opponent of Freemasonry and of human slavery. Strange that these two should thus be bracketed together. More strange that a champion for freedom should not recognize a power and influence which has ever been upon the side of intellectual liberty and ever opposed to tyranny and abuse of power. It was not so easy then as now to answer antagonists. Truth had been distorted and infamous lies heaped up with which to assail Masonry. Bigotry had furbished up all the antique weapons in its armory, and politicians had added their slanders and revilings. Against all these the brethren, through knowing well the faith that was in them, had not the historical and critical knowledge neces- History Crescent Lodge lij sary to make effective reply. One slow but sure method was theirs — to pursue their own course in silence, letting daily life, high standards of con- duct and an ever-watchful charit)' speak for the righteousness of their cause. Another difficulty of the times was that the population constantly shifted. To many of the restless pioneers fortune seemed forever beckon- ing to untried scenes. The rainbow's end was just beyond the horizon. Many of the first homes of the wilderness were but temporary camps, in which the travelers lingered until nov- elty was exhausted. Others followed after with more definite aims, settled permanently upon the new lands, and in the years of harvest gathered rich reward of toil and patience. Very many of the first Masons who entered Iowa were of the "rolling-stone" variety. Stalwart and fearless sons of the West, yet ever impatient of restraint. Many carried their demits from lodges in which they were made, but did not affiliate with bodies in the new state. Others joined, proved earnest and well-informed workers, but soon passed on to new scenes. In this first decade of lodge histor}' there had been many changes, each of which was dis- turbing and weakening to a small organization. Masonic law and procedure was as yet imper- fectly known, or even not thoroughly formulated by authority of Grand Lodge. It was necessary both for the governing body and its constituents to experiment somewhat, and to seek light from all available sources. Methods which seem to us ii8 History Crescent Lodge crude were adopted, especially in the conduct of business. As a result the early records of this and other lodges lack the completeness which we look for as matter of course, and because of long established custom. The long line of precedents which now govern action and provide for almost all contingencies, has been established by years of experiment and invocation of authority. The multiplicity of forms which now secure accuracy at the minimum of labor is the result of such experi- ence. Still another and peculiar obstacle had to be met and surmounted by these Masonic pioneers in Iowa. The first membership was recruited from a score or more of grand jurisdictions. In each of these there v/as variation of the work. The body of esoteric learning, trar^smitted from one genera- tion to another by oral teaching, is pecuharly liable to change. The "instructive tongue" sometimes slips, and the "attentive ear" grows sometimes dull of hearing. Thus it occurred that Iowa Ma- sonry, bringing hither its Craft knowledge from so many sources, was for a time confused. The work, even In particular lodges, lost something of Its chaiTTi, because there was lack of uniformity. Brethren contended for accuracy and superiority of those shades of difference to which they were accustomed. It was found necessary for Grand Lodge to remedy this annoying condition. About the time our history has now reached "uniformity of work" was a live Issue. The best Informed collated and compared, and finally brought out of History Crescent Lodge 119 the confusion a rendition of the unwritten woric which harmonized all differences. Yet there was never doubt or difference as to the essentials of work or practice. The Iowa- made Mason found no difficulty in proving his knowledge and kinship in the great body of the fraternity. In the great facts of Masonic being these old brethren were thoroughly grounded. In their lives they exemplified the beauty and power of its teachings. In the tender minisrrations of love and kindness their hands and hearts gave willing ser\'ice. Where poverty- or distress had overtaken a brother there came generous and quick relief. WTiere there was sickness or sorrow, as- sistance and sympathy sought to alleviate suffer- ing and soothe the grief of mourning ones. And in the life of the community, within even this first decade, Masonrv had proven its benefi- cent and inspiring mission. The membership of Cedar Rapids Lodge were among the foremost in even." good word and work. In whatever was for public benefit and the progress of the cit) we are proud to record then, as now, that Masons were of the most energetic workers. AnJ in the lodge, with its ancient and well-ordered methods, many were taught the first necessary lessons or discipline and due subordination so essential to good citizen- ship. The lessons, taught within tyled walls to the fratemit\-. went without in silent influence, and had part in the iroulding of the con-mimirv". The extent of this beneficent work no man can ever esti- mate nor historian record. Onlv when some one I20 History Crescent Lodge keen of insight shall sum up the things that had made for public rectitude shall Masonic teaching and influence be given due portion of credit and of praise. JACOB H. CAMBURN Worshipful Master in 1859-60-61-6'2 CHAPTER IX. 1860-1865. WITH the passing of these years from 1850 to i860 we enter upon a new period, momen- tous in national and state life and in the existence of the fraternity. The period just in advance was pregnant with great events, and there was in all the land feeling of uncertainty and fear for the fu- ture. Great questions, which had been heretofore pushed back and temporized with, now pressed imperatively for solution. The Sphinx of national destinies confronted the American people and de- manded answer to the riddle of fate, on pain of dishonor and destruction. The day of politicians and compromises had passed ; there was need then for real men who would dare and do for the right, without counting of cost or sacrifice. Within the five years of our present chapter the price of blood was demanded and paid to redeem the wrongs of generations of ignorance and avarice, of passion and of prejudice. With dread of approaching danger and immin- ent conflict there was impairment of public and private credit and a shrinkage of normal revenues, from whatever source or to whatever purpose ap- plied. Not even in its first years of numerical weakness had the Grand Lodge of Iowa known 122 History Crescent Lodge such financial embarrassment. Some few years before Its Income had so largely Increased that a portion was turned back to the constituent lodges. But one of the first Intimations of conditions at the session of i860 Is the cry of "hard times" made in Grand Secretary's report. It had been asked that the constituent lodges advance a portion of capitation tax. Of the one hundred and forty lodges only six complied with this request. The report excuses those who failed to respond, be- cause of the prevailing stringency. In the Grand Lodge session of i860 Cedar Rapids Lodge was well represented by its Wor- shipful Master, Bro. J. H. Camburn. We find him highly placed as Chairman of Committee on Grand Master's address. For that year the com- mittee was of more than usual importance. It was a period of immense Masonic difficulty. New problems had arisen involving powers and prerog- atives of Grand Master, and that officer had been more than criticised for some of his actions. The duties of the committtee were therefore un- usually delicate. Grand Secretary Parvin led one wing of Grand Lodge in opposition to and con- demnation of Grand Master Hartsock, while friends of the latter were strong In numbers and determined to sustain his official acts. It was for- tunate for the grand body, in this dilemma, that such a man as Bro. Camburn was given place and control of the committee on address. The report thereof, Avhich should have been presented early in the session, was put off until near Its close. It was History Crescent Lodge 123 a document calculated to allay strife and to heal differences. The immediate result was apparent in action to settle all controversies. That these were later renewed was owing only to the disputatious natures of the principals, and it degenerated into a personal contest, with which the Masons of Iowa were before long thoroughly disgusted. Bro. Cambum was also at this time author of a resolution, adopted by Grand Lodge, declar- ing — "That the Grand Lodge now, as heretofore, declares its unalterable adherence to the ancient Webb work. Having the fullest confidence in the evidence furnished that the work as exempli- fied by the custodians and under their direction by Brothers Morris and Wilson, does hereby adopt the same as the work and the only work hereafter to be taught in this jurisdiction." It is therefore to a member of Cedar Rapids Lodge that credit must be given for bringing to a termination the long controversy over work,, which had carried some of the disputants beyond the limits of brotherly discussion. The difficulties of this subject can best be judged from a para- graph penned by Bro. Camburn and forming part of his report: "Uniformity of work in this jurisdiction your committee regards as a 'consummation devoutly to be wished,' but from a variety of material used in constructing our Masonic edifice, this can be accomplished, in the opinion of your commit- tee, only by the moulding hand of time. As the 124 History Crescent Lodge angular stone by the abrasions of the elements is at last converted into the smooth pebble, so by the exercise of brotherly love, relief and truth, the conflicting opinions of the day will find their proper level. If ambitious demagogues by mis- direction should have found lodgment within the folds of our charity, by a due exercise of its ennobling principles no harm can come of their misguided efforts. Your committee may be per- mitted to indulge the hope that the question is evanescent in its character, and will finally find a peaceful solution." Because of his prominence and ability we find Bro. Camburn honored by appointment as Grand Marshal, and as further compliment was placed on the Fraternal Correspondence Committee. The work of Cedar Rapids Lodge for the year ending May i, i860, shown by the published returns, indicates that financial stringency had severe effect. Six were initiated, four passed and but three raised during the year. Two brothers demltted, leaving the total membership of the lodge at the time of report but fifty-two. The Grand Lodge dues were $31.75. Unfortunately, the detailed returns for the year are irrevocably lost, and it is impossible to give the names of those three brothers added to the roster. The entire roll Is, however, preserved, and contains the following : J. H. Camburn, W. M. J. L. Enos, S. W. Dyer Usher, J. W. Histofy Crescent Lodge 125 William Harper, Treasurer. P- W. Reeder, Secretary. T. Z. Cook, S. D. J. C. Adams, J. D. John Mills, Tyler. Master Masons — S. D. Carpenter, George Greene, Hiram Deem, S. L. Pollock, Samuel D. McCauley, A. S. Belt, J. V. HoUebaugh, N. B. Brown, J. F. Kelsey, H. E. Higley, John Mc- Arthur, Joseph Greene, Daniel Lothian, John Weare, Isaac N. Whittam, Jacob Springer, H. G. Angle, J. H. Atwell, Ezra Havens, Washington Allspaugh, Jesse S. Brown, Morgan Parks, Ben- jamin Darnell, H. L. Carr, A. Whitenack, Samuel Springer, B. R. Taylor, John R. Corporan, John Harris, Adam Felgar, William Thorn, William Arbuckle, Ephraim A. Suits, Gabriel Carpenter, John S. Wolf, B. F. Boughton, E. N. Bates, M. S. Rentfle, Mowry Farnum, — Fairchild. Fellowcrafts — Conrad Darr, John Snyder, Joseph Mount. Entered Apprentices — W. H. Merritt, Henry Bennett, John Gunn. Demitted — Elias Skinner, John Moroney. The year just closed in this review is the last for which there is no data beyond what appears in the printed records of Grand Lodge. And here it may be of interest to relate how the early returns, sent each year to Grand Secretary's of- fice, were recovered. Time after time these had been sought by brethren in search of information. A few years ago Bro. William Elsom attempted 126 History Crescent Lodge to prepare a membership record for Crescent Lodge. His search in Grand Lodge archives re- vealed the fact that the returns were missing from the files for a period of about fifteen years. With the lodge records also destroyed he was unable to fill the blank. Someone, for a purpose not known, had extracted these returns, those for Cedar Rapids Lodge being the only ones missing. After consultation with the committee having su- pervision of this work the writer determined on another and complete search. This was kindly allowed by Grand Secretary Parvin, who also gave every possible assistance in examination of documents in the library. This search was final- ly rewarded by discovery of the missing returns. Evidently they had been consulted many years ago, and had not then been returned to the files. There was also found during the same search a schedule of questions addressed to the lodge in 1874, asking as to conditions and property owned. From an answer given it appeared that the rec- ords were then complete from 1861. Therefore the book containing minutes from 1861 to 1873 disappeared or was destroyed after 1874. The probable cause of this destruction will be indicated in its proper place. The returns for 1861 were made out to June i of that year, or just previous to the meeting of Grand Lodge. As will be shown in succeeding chapter the city of Cedar Rapids, at the time this report was prepared, was in the first tumult of war excitement. It is not to be wondered at that thfe History Crescent Lodge 127 big sheet before us is Irritatlngly lacking in details. But even this will not account for discrepancy in the list of officers. Grand Lodge proceedings for the session held at Dubuque June 4, 1861, give J. H. Camburn as Master and J. V. Hollebaugh as Secretary. In the returns the following is the roster of officers : George Greene, Worshipful Master. Thomas Z. Cook, Senior Warden. Dyer Usher, Junior Warden. William Harper, Treasurer. P. W. Reeder, Secretary. S. L. Pollock, Senior Deacon. Hiram Deem, Junior Deacon. A. S. Belt, Tyler. Yet in a newspaper clipping found since writing the above Is given a copy of resolutions passed by the lodge, signed by T. Z. Cook, S. W. (Acting Master) , and J. V. Hollebaugh, Secretary. It is elsewhere noted that Bro. T. Z. Cook, upon assum- ing captaincy of Company K, First Iowa Infantry Volunteers, was said to have been "Acting Master of Cedar Rapids Lodge." This may perhaps be explained by a statement that these returns were made out some time after the date given. The Committee on Chartered Lodges did not at Grand Lodge session receive any returns from Cedar Rapids Lodge, and so re- ported. Likely stirred to the necessity of making report, after notification from the Grand Secre- tary, the retired Secretary, Bro. P. W. Reeder, made up the returns from incomplete data, with- 128 History Crescent Lodge out referring to the books which had passed out of his possession. I am inclined to think that he reported as officers of the year those filling the stations on the night of election. The probabil- ity of this is enhanced by the endorsement, at- tested by Bro. Reeder, which gives the elective officers as follows: J. M. Camburn, Worshipful Master. J. C. Adams, Senior Warden. Ezra Havens, Junior Warden. George Snyder, Treasurer. J. V. Hollebaugh, Secretary. The same negligence and lack of reference to the minutes is shown throughout the report. The list of members was evidently prepared from the roster, as the names of those holding office are re- peated and then erased. The columns showing dates upon Avhich degrees were conferred are ag- gravatlngly blank. In the summary of Grand Lodge returns Cedar Rapids Lodge is credited with one Initiation, two passings, two demissions and one death. In the sheet before us there Is no record of an Initiation. Upon the second degree the only reference is : "H. Bennett, Fellowcraft, September 3, 1861." Whereas there are no raisings credited to the lodge In Grand Lodge reports there are two given In this return. Those are George Snyder, with date o"f June nth, i860, and L. F. Keyes, March 6th, 1 861. Appended to this latter name Is the note "Dues remitted." This was, of course, on account of the brother being a minister of the gos- y. ii.%-«.- History Crescent Lodge 129 pel. Two demits were granted — one on Decem- ber 31st, i860, to Bro. Jacob Springer; the other to Bro. Samuel Springer, on April 29th, 1861. Bro. John Mills died April 3d, 1861. There is also given, as was then required, a list of non-affil- iating Masons residing within the jurisdiction of the lodge, as follows: "D. B. Bates, — Stanley, ■ — Mooi'head, Joseph Calder, J. P. Coulter." There was a falling off in membership from fifty-two as shown for the preceding year, to forty- eight in this return. The two demissions were off- set by the two raised, and but one had died. There are no suspensions or expulsions noted, though this discrepancy can be accounted for in no other way. Grand Lodge dues were then paid on the fol- lowing scale : On members, at 50 cents each. On number initiated ($10 each) 5 per cent. On number passed ($5 each) 5 per cent. On number raised ($5 each) 5 per cent. On Non-Affiliated Masons (paying dues) 50 cents each. The dues for the year under review were, ac- cording to this schedule, $24.75. On account of inattention or error the sum of $23.50 was paid by Bro. Camburn at Grand Lodge. This was re- ferred back and later rectified. Bro. J. H. Camburn was again honored at the 1 861 session of Grand Lodge, by appointment on Jurisprudence Committee. As such he presented a portion of the committee's report. To it was 130 History Crescent Lodge referred consideration of expediency of authoriz- ing military lodges. The concluding paragraph of the report thereupon will indicate the influence of war preparations and spirit in Iowa. It gives us understanding why Masonic affairs were neg- lected, and why, as in the returns we have just analyzed, so little attention was paid to essential data: "Brethren, to profit by the lessons taught in the practice of our rites, should while engaging in them, be able to give their attention, as well as time, to their observance; and such is the fevered excitement which has, to a universal degree, seized upon the public mind, and still preoccupies it, to the exclusion of all else beside the absorbing topic of the day, that the lodge and its work are forgot- ten and laid aside. We all feel it at home; we all see it here in the paucity of the numbers before us, compared with what should be seen and would have been, did peace prevail throughout our bor- ders. Therefore we recommend that the com- mittee be discharged from further consideration of the subject." 1862. The returns of Cedar Rapids Lodge for 1862 are far more complete than those of the preceding year. Indeed, in so far as such a docu- ment can take the place of the minute book, this gives the information desired. What is lacking, and so much to be desired, are those little incidents of lodge meetings. The questions brought up and discussed, the reports made, the social gatherings — all these would reveal to us the character of History Crescent Lodge 131 brethren of a generation removed. It would give us valuable knowledge as to the influence of Ma- sonry upon individuals and the community. In lieu of such definite information we must supplement the meager sources of official statement with what- ever may be gleaned from reminiscence, public histoi-y or private papers. To one who has never taken up such work, endeavoring to gain accurate information of events in years grown dim, there can come but little conception of the time and pa- tience required. Here and there one can piece facts together, only to find that something essential is missing. The loss may be irreparable, or again Is only to be made good by new and tedious inves- tigation. The list of officers for the year 1863 are thus given : James L. Enos, Worshipful Master. A. Sydney Belt, Senior Warden. Ezra Havens, Junior Warden. George Snyder, Treasurer. J. V. Hollebaugh, Secretai-y. C. P. Gilkison, Senior Deacon. John H. Afwell, Junior Deacon. S. D. McCauley, Tyler. Three Past Masters are also named: Bros. George Greene, Hiram Deem, J. H. Camburn. Sad havoc had been made during the year in the membership of Cedar Rapids Lodge, but thirty-one names of Master Masons appearing upon the roster. Of this number some ten or twelve were already in the service of their country 132 History Crescent Lodge and doing full measure of duty in camp and bat- tle-field. Twenty in good standing would have counted all the Masons of Cedar Rapids in that year of low ebb. Yet there was no discourage- ment. In estimation of the people Masonry stood perhaps higher than ever before. Its members had been prominent in all pubHc affairs, and had proven that patriotism was among the lessons taught by the fraternity. As a result these few re- maining to carry on the work of the lodge were kept busy. There was great promise for the fu- ture in what was then being accomplished. The recapitulation endorsed upon the returns shows: Four initiated, one passed, one raised and one admitted. The losses were four demitted and nine suspended. Evidently this was a time of house-cleaning, and the drones were expelled from the hive. Upon three members dues were remit- ted — secretaiT and tyler and one ministerial brother. Those initiated, with the dates thereof, are thus given : (Rev.) F. W. Vinson, March 18, 1862; E. H. Steadman, April 15, 1862; John H. Coldren, May 20, 1862; Samuel L. Brobst, May 20, 1862. Wm. H. Merritt is classed as an Entered Appren- tice, but no date is given. This latter was Lieut.- Colonel of the First Iowa Volunteer Infantry and later unsuccessful candidate of the "Union" party for governor of Iowa against Governor Kirkwood, at expiration of the latter's first term. John A. Gunn was passed to the Degree of a History Crescent Lodge 133 Fellowcraft May 23, i860. There is no record here nor in returns of the preceding year, of this brother's initiation. Joseph Mount is also carried upon the roster as a Fellowcraft, but no date is appended to show where first or second degree was conferred. Henry Bennett, Sr., received the Master Ma- son's degree April 22d, 1862. Bro. C. P. Gilkison was received upon demit May 19th, 1862. The brethren demitting within the period cov- ered by this report were : Jesse S. Brown, Decem- ber 23, 1861 ; John Weare, January 20, 1862; H. E. Higley, February 17, 1862, and Washington Alspaugh, February 17, 1862. The list of suspensions include a number of old brethren and formerly faithful workers. Those were: Bros. S. L. Pollock, William Thorn, Will- iam Arbuckle, Joseph Greene, A. Whitenack, John McArthur, J. H. Kelsey and Gabriel Car- penter. Bro. J. L. Enos, Worshipful Master-elect, as proxy for the Senior Warden, attended the meeting of Grand Lodge held at Keokuk June 3, 1862. He was one of those upon whom the degree of Past Master was conferred by a convocation of Past Masters over which Past Grand Master Hartsock presided. 1863. For the Masonic year ending June i, 1863, there is splendid record of work accom- plished by Cedar Rapids Lodge. Five candidates 134 History Crescent Lodge were initiated, seven brothers passed and nine raised. Four were also admitted. Only one de- mitted, two were lost by death, and one was sus- pended. The total membership, as summed up in recapitulation of the returns, had increased to fifty-three. In the margin of this report are two sad nota- tions, which attract attention upon first opening of the same. They represent the supreme sacrifice of patriotic Masons. In another chapter more is given of this subject, but these unembellished notes, placed there by Bro. Hollebaugh, the secre- tary, will bear transcription here. They read: "Absalom Sines — Killed in the battle of Champion Hills, Mississippi, May i6th, 1863. He was sergeant in Company G, Twenty-fourth Regi- ment Iowa Volunteers. The usual resolutions were passed by the lodge and the hall draped in mourning as a tribute to his memory. He was a brave and pure patriot." "Hiram Deem — Died in the army January 30th, 1863. He was a sergeant in Company A, Thirty-first Regiment Iowa Volunteers. Resolu- tions of condolence and remembrance were passed by the lodge, of which he had been Master, and the hall was draped in mourning for ninety days." These resolutions are given in the meager biog- raphy obtainable of this brother and Past Master. Of the five initiations during the term covered in this report, but four had dates attached. With the names of candidates they are as follows: History Crescent Lodge 135 Walter B. Mack, August 13th, 1862; Almon Wheeler, November 14th, 1862; Wesley Stevens, November 14th, 1862; William Ryan, March 23d, 1863; William H. Merritt (no date given). The following brethren were passed as Fellow- crafts : John N. Coldren, June 24th, 1862; Samuel L. Brobst, June 17th, 1862; (Rev.) F. W. Vinson, July nth, 1862; Walter B. Mack, December 1 8th, 1862; Almon Wheeler, December 8th, 1862; Wesley Stevens, December 8th, 1862; Will- iam H. Merritt, May 25th, 1863. Nine were, as we have seen, raised as Master Masons, as follows : John A. Gunn, June 13th, 1862; Edward Coul- ter, June 24th, 1862; John N. Coldren, July i8th, 1862; F. W. Vinson, July 21st, 1862; Samuel L. Brobst, July 22d, 1862; E. H. Steadman, Sep- tember 25th, 1862; Almon Wheeler, January 5th, 1863 ; Wesley Stevens, January 7th, 1863 ; Walter B. Mack, Febi-uary 15th, 1863. Those joining by demit were: S. F. Harvey, June i6th, 1862; B. F. How- land, June i6th, 1862; E. M. Crandall, July 14th, i862;-Thomas Stanley, February 9th, 1863. Bro. B. F. Boughton had his dues remitted and was granted a demit on April 6th, 1863, and Adam Felgar was suspended March 9th, 1863. A naive note follows the name of Bro. (Rev.) F. W. Vinson : "We remitted fees for degrees ; 136 History Crescent Lodge ought we to pay the percentage?" It goes al- most without saying that the lodge was not called on to pay this percentage. At the twentieth annual communication of Grand Lodge, held at Iowa City June 2d, 1863, Cedar Rapids Lodge is said to have been repre- sented by J. L. Enos, Worshipful Master, and Henry Church, proxy for Senior Warden. No such name as this latter appears on the roster of the lodge.- It is impression of those who were members at that time that Henry Bennett is meant, the error being chargeable to the Grand Secretary or the printer of proceedings. Bro. Enos acted as secretary of the convocation of Past Masters, called during the session, at which a number of Masters-elect passed the oriental chair as qualification for their Installation. He was also one of the committee on Grand Master's Ad- dress, and later was appointed Grand Marshal by Grand Master Guilbert. During this meeting of Grand Lodge the juris- diction was districted for purposes of Instruction. Cedar Rapids Lodge was placed in the Tenth dis- trict in company with lodges at Marlon, Mount Vernon, Springvllle and Center Point (the latter changed that year from Marysville, Benton county). Bro. A. B. Dumont of Marlon (still living In that city) , was appointed District Deputy Custodian. In the report of the Board of Custodians It is also stated : J. L. ENOS Worshipful Master lK63-Ui-il5-(i7; Fast High Priest of Trowel Chapter N< Past Senior tirand Warden of (irand Lodt^e of Iowa , and History Crescent Lodge 137 "James L. Enos of Cedar Rapids and Dr. U. D. Taylor of Fort Madison, have been appointed special Deputy Custodians, with permission to lec- ture and teach the work in any of the lodges of this jurisdiction, which may invite them to do so; pro- vided their acceptance of such invitation does not meet with the disapprobation of the District Deputy Custodian into whose jurisdiction they thus go, nor devolve any expense upon the Grand Lodge." This is the first mention of the woric taken up and for many years carried on so successfully by Bro. Enos. In a short time he became one of the best known of those who were working for rit- ualistic uniformity among the Masonic lodges of Iowa. With his acquired skill and acknowl- edged ability in things of the Craft, joined to general information this brother gained high honor in Grand Lodge, and his way was seeming- ly open to the crowning distinction of the frater- nity. Alas, that his day which opened brightly and was promising at its meridian, should have closed amid dark clouds. He has passed where neither praise nor blame can reach his ear. While we shall credit his memory with whatever was done for the advancement of Masonry, over the sadder portion of his Craft career we would drop the silver-edged curtain of charitable silence. 1864. So largely had the work of the lodge increased by the time of making returns for the period ending June i, 1864, that the big blank sent out by Grand Secretary had to be pieced out 138 History Crescent Lodge to make room for the record and the membership. The officers for the year closing were j James L. Enos, Worshipful Master. James C. Adams, Senior Warden. C. P. Gilkison, Junior Warden. George Snyder, Treasurer. B. F. Howland, Secretary. W. J. Stevens, Senior Deacon. J. H. Atwell, Junior Deacon. G. F. Bennet, Tyler. The same elective officers were chosen to fill the stations for the year 1864-65. Four Past Masters are named in the record: George Greene, S. D. Carpenter, J. H. Camburn and S. L. Pollock. Of the latter a note informs us that "he has demitted and gone to California," but the date of such demit is not given. The initiates of the Masonic year, with the dates upon which they received the Entered Ap- prentice degree, were as follows: F. J. Upton, June 8th, 1863; W. F. Chapman, July 17th, 1863 ; H. B. Stibbs, August 3d, 1863 ; L. B. Fleak, August 3d, 1863; L. Worden, August 20th, 1863; C. C. Waggoner, August 31st, 1863; W. H. Thompson, October 5th, 1863; A. R. West, De- cember 7th, 1863; M. L. Carr, April 2d, 1864; D. S. Bowling, April i6th, 1864; A. M. Karr, April 1 6th, 1864. The following were passed to the Fellowcraft degree upon the dates as given: H. B. Stibbs, September 2d, 1863; F. J. Upton, November 3d, History Crescent Lodge 139 1863; C. C. Waggoner, December 7th, 1863; W. H. Thompson, January i8th, 1864; A. R. West, January 27th, 1864; W. F. Chapman, January 27th, 1864; L. B. Fleak, April 4th, 1864. The list of Master Masons was added to by the raisings of Bros. H. B. Stibbs, September 28th, 1863; F. J. Upton, January 25th, 1864; C. C. Waggoner, February 22d, 1864; A. R. West, February 22d, 1864; W. H. Thompson, March 22d, 1864; W. F. Chapman, March 29th, 1864. On May 23d, 1864, Bros. J. S. Cook, M. A. Higley and J. M. Canfield were affiliated, and on May 30th, 1864, Bros. E. A. Harvey and E. A. Chase were also admitted as members. A curious note is this : "Honorary Member — H. J. Martin, P. M. (Derby Line, Vt.) Marshalltown Lodge, Iowa." The privilege of making honorary members, while permissible at that time, was rarely exer- cised in Iowa. It has been a matter of some in- terest and some curiosity as to the identity of this brother and also why he was thus honored. A new investigation has been set on foot, all in- quiries up to the present time having failed. It is hoped later in the volume to answer these queries. In these returns the following suspensions are noted: Bros. R. R. Taylor, E. Suits, John R. Corporan, John McArthur. P W. Reeder was expelled, but was later re- instated. 140 History Crescent Lodge The lodge had on June ist, 1864, a total of sixty-six members, and paid to Grand Lodge for the Masonic year then ending the sum of $40.00. At the Grand Lodge communication held at Des Moines June 7th, 1864, Bro. Enos, repre- senting Cedar Rapids Lodge as its Master, was honored with appointment as Chairman of Com- mittee on Grand Lodge Library. At this session there was "presented a petition from Cedar Rapids Lodge No. 25, asking that the name of said lodge be changed to Crescent Lodge No. 25. Which petition was referred to the Committee on Lodges U. D." This committee reported thereon as follows: "Your committee have examined the applica- tion of Cedar Rapids Lodge to have the name changed to Crescent, the number and location to remain as before. Your committee would recom- mend that their request be granted." It has been matter of considerable curiosity and some inquiry among later brethren why this change of lodge name was requested and effected. It had seemed that this body, the first fraternal society to be formed in the city, would have pre- ferred as a matter of pride to retain name of Its home. Yet, however laudable such a desire might have been, the brethren urging change had more weighty argument. The object of a name, it was urged, is to Individualize and make distinct the person or thing named. So long as the name "Cedar Rapids" w^as borne alone by this lodge History Crescent Lodge 141 there was no chance for confusion in correspond- ence or other business. But when other societies, equally proud of the city, adopted the same name, the old distinctiveness was lost, and the suggestion for change became pertinent. The whole matter was thoroughly thrashed out before request was made to Grand Lodge. It was argued, and with force, that being first to adopt the name, it should be retained because of the associations which had gathered about it. It was held that any con- fusion was owing to the action of those who had later taken the name, and that these should make the change. But against this it was objected that these other societies had a perfect right to adopt the name of the city as their own; that they were not in any way answerable to this lodge for their action, and that the difficulty could not be avoided in any other way than by the Masonic body as- suming a distinctive appellation. There was also brought before the Grand Lodge appeal in the case of Cedar Rapids Lodge vs. P. W. Reeder. This brother was expelled after trial. The controversy was over certain sums of money claimed as due by the lodge from Bro. Reeder while acting in an official capacity. These amounts he refused to pay — hence the ac- tion and its results. The Committee on Appeals and Grievances reported: "That Bro. P. W. Reed- er, upon prompt payment of the amount claimed of him by said lodge, be entitled to a new trial; other- wise the action of Cedar Rapids Lodge stands af- firmed by this Grand Lodge." In this connection 142 History Crescent Lodge it can be said that Bro. Reeder paid over the amounts in controversy, was re-tried and re-in- stated. Immediately thereafter he demitted and did not thereafter have connection with the frater- nity. The same year the Board of Custodians redis- tricted the state for purposes of Masonic instruc- tion. The Tenth district, with J. L. Enos as District Deputy Custodian, comprised the lodges at Marion, Cedar Rapids, Mount Vernon, Ana- mosa, Mechanicsville and Center Point. The death of Bro. Ellsworth N. Bates of Cedar Rapids Lodge, is noted in the lists of the departed for the year. By some neglect on part of lodge secretary it is not noted that Bro. Bates was a soldier, and he is not given place in the Grand Lodge roll of honor among the patriotic dead. Suffice it here to say that he was among the first to answer call in the hour of need and danger, and was largely instrumental in recruiting in Cedar Rapids and Linn county. Commissioned as cap- tain of Company A, Twentieth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, August 25th, 1862, he served with his regiment for nearly a year. Forced by sickness to resign he returned to his home in Cedar Rapids, where he died in August, 1863. 1865. With close of the war-time period Cres- cent Lodge, in common with all its sister bodies of the grand jurisdiction, entered upon a time of prosperity and activity. In the years which have since passed there has been continuous growth. True, there have been short intervals of check History Crescent Lodge 143 from various causes. Some cloudy weather has, of course, been experienced. Troubles have tested the wisdom of our brethren. Yet from the time now reached in this review until the present we can follow along a fairly even course, and chron- icle throughout a growth in membership and in- fluence. Better still, it will be found, in these sub- sequent years, that nothing has lowered the high Masonic standard set up by the fathers in the day of small things. The officers-elect of the lodge, chosen just be- fore the meeting of Grand Lodge in 1865, were: James C. Adams, Worshipful Master. C. P. Gilkison, Senior Warden. Andrew R. West, Junior Warden. Henry B. Stibbs, Treasurer. B. F. Howland, Secretary. G. F. Bennet, Senior Deacon. C. D. Pettibone, Junior Deacon. A. M. Karr, Senior Steward. W. H. Thompson, Junior Steward. Lot Teats, Tyler. In the report made to the Grand Master, Bro. J. L. Enos, in his capacity as District Deputy Custodian, dated May i, 1865, has this to say of the lodge over which he was then presiding: "Crescent Lodge No. 25, Cedar Rapids. There are few, if any, better working lodges in Iowa than this. I think the best work I ever saw was done in this lodge. No regular and continued school of instruction has been held during the past year, though lodges of instruction have been held 144 History Crescent Lodge each Monday night, when we had no work, and excepting also the first Monday after each full moon. A number of the brethren have been reg- ular in their attendance on these meetings for in- struction, and their ability to take any position for work demonstrates how well they have improved these meetings. The lodge room is neatly fur- nished and the position very secure, while the ut- most harmony prevails among the members. I think Crescent Lodge has the greatest number of well-posted Masons of any lodge within my knowl- edge." It would certainly be difficult in the same num- ber of words to say more in way of praise than is contained in the foregoing paragraph. It is evi- dent that then, as now, the lodge had pride in its work. It is matter of pride, too, that ever since that time the lodge has been distinguished among others for having always in reserve a number of brothers who have proven "their ability to take any position for work." Surely these things in the record are matters of which to be proud. The esteem in which Bro. Enos was held by his brethren of Iowa as a Masonic worker and au- thority is evidenced by the fact that he was elected at this session of 1865 to the office of Senior Grand Warden. During the year just then past Crescent Lodge assumed jurisdiction over Bro. Peter Lusk, a non- affiliate Mason, and brought him to trial for un- masonic conduct. This resulted in sentence of expulsion. Appeal was taken to Grand Lodge. JAMES C. ADAMS Worshipful Master in 1866 History Crescent Lodge 145 In reviewing the case the Committee on Appeals and Grievances reported: "In the case of Peter Lusk against the sentence of suspension rendered against him by Crescent Lodge No. 25, for un-masonic conduct, your committee are decidedly of opinion that said sen- tence ought not to have been rendered, for the reason that the weight of testimony is clearly in favor of the appellant, and refutes the testimony adduced by the accuser. We therefore recom- mend that said judgment of Crescent Lodge be set aside, and the said Bro. Lusk be restored to general good standing in the fraternity." A recapitulation of work done by Crescent Lodge during this Masonic year 1864-65 shows five candidates initiated, four passed and six raised. Three were admitted by affiliation, six were demitted and one had died. The total mem- bership was sixty-six. The dues of four were re- mitted — one because of services as Tyler, one as honorary member, one because whereabouts was unknown, and the fourth because of old age and poverty. The total of Grand Lodge dues (per capita and percentage on fees) was $38.50. The initiates (Entered Apprentices of the year) were: M. L. Chase, June 24th, 1864; C. D. Pettibone, January 23, 1865; J. W. Ormiston, January 23, 1865; E. S. Bergen, March 23, 1865; George H. Gammon, May 22, 1865. Those who received the Fellowcraft degree dur- ing the same period were as follows : C. D. Pet- 146 History Crescent Lodge tibone, February 20, 1865; J. W- Ormlston, Feb- ruary 20, 1865; M. L. Chase, March 16, 1865; E. S. Bergen, April 18, 1865. Those raised as Master Masons are as named: A. M. Karr, June 16, 1864; L. B. Fleak, July 25, 1864; C. D. Pettibone, March 13, 1865; J. W. Ormiston, March 20, 1865; M. L. Chase, April 24, 1865; E. S. Bergen, April 27, 1865. Bros. M. C. Boughton, AV. C. Osman and Lot Teats were admitted as affiihates, the dates of ad- mission in the order given being July 25, 1864; September 19, 1864 and April 17, 1865. Bro. R. R. Taylor demitted from the lodge November i-;., 1864; Bro. William Ryan on Janu- ary 16, 1865 ; J. A. Kelsey on February 13, 1865; Thomas Stanley on March 13, 1865; and Bros. F. W-. Vinson and S. D. McCauley on Api-il 15, 1865. Bro. John A. Gunn is marked on returns as "dead, but date of death not known." Elsewhere it is learned that Bro. Gunn died in the army March 7, 1863. Closing this chapter of an Interesting and im- portant period it will be well to insert the roster of the lodge as given in these returns for 1865, that so there may be comparison made of growth and personnel of the membership : James L. Enos, Worshipful Master. James C. Adams, Senior Warden. C. P Gilkison, Junior Warden. George Snyder, Treasurer. B. F. Rowland, Secretary. History Crescent Lodge 147 J. M. Canfield, Senioi" Deacon. C. C. Waggoner, Junior Deacon. Lot Teats, Tyler. Past Masters — J. H. Camburn, S. D. Car- penter, George Greene. Master Masons — H. G. Angle, J. H. Atwell, N. B. Brown, Henry Bennett, E. S. Bergen, M. C. Boughton, A. S. Belt, G. F. Bennet, S. Brobst, T. Z. Cook, John N. Coldren, Edward Coulter, J. S. Cook, W. F. Chapman, Gabriel Carpenter, E. M. Crandall, M. L. Chase, C. G. Darr, L. B. Fleak, J. V. Hollebaugh, William Harper, S. F. Harvey, John Harris, M. A. HIgley, A. M. Karr, L. H. Keyes, J. A. Kelsey\ Daniel Lothian, W. B. Mack, S. D. McCauleyi, H. J. Martin^ W. C. Osman, J. W. Orrniston, Morgan Parks, C. D. Pettibone, M. Rentfle, P. W. Reeder, William Ryan\ H. B. Stibbs, E. H. Steadman, Thomas Stanley^ Wesley J. Stevens, E. Suits, R. R. Tay- lor\ William Thorn, William Thompson, F. J. Upton, Dyer Usher, F. W. Vinson\ I. N. Whlt- tam, G. W. Westlake, A. Whitenack, J. S. Wolf, A. R. West, P. W. Zeigler. But very few of the names given are now those of living men. The years have substituted others in the places of these brethren. The or- ganization they supported through these times of storm and stress has grown beyond anything they may have imagined as possible. To them be the honor, and to their memories, for the harvest we gather so plentifully. ' Demitted during year. ^ Honorary member. CHAPTER X. 1865-1870. HA. GERHART is named in proceedings of . Grand Lodge as representing Crescent Lodge in the session held at Davenport in 1866, holding proxy from the Worshipful Master. No such name appears upon the roster, nor even a brother with such initials. The lodge was during the year honored by visit from Grand Master Guilbert. He mentions the few bodies he had been privileged to attend, re- ceiving "those fraternal courtesies which so beau- tify the intercourse of Mason with Masons. Re- freshment episodes have been the rule at such times, and particularly in Cedar Rapids, where is located Crescent Lodge No. 25, whose f raters are unexcelled in their devotion to this feature of Masonry." Here is tribute paid to the hospitality of Cedar Rapids Masons, which has ever been one of their distinguishing characteristics. A new form of returns was adopted that year, which was substantially the same as those now sent out to the lodges. Notwithstanding the clearness of instructions and simplicity of arrange- ments the Committee on Chartered Lodges has this to say: "We are greatly surprised at the History Crescent Lodge 149 skill and Industry displayed by those who filled the blanks, in their efforts to go contrary to the plain- est headings and instructions." It is therefore to the credit of the officers of Crescent Lodge, and especially to that of Bro. B. F. Rowland, the sec- retary, that their returns were passed upon as cor- rect. The work done for the Masonic year 1865- 1866 is thus summarized: Number initiated, eight; passed, five; raised, five; admitted, eleven; demitted, seven; died, one. The total member- ship had increased to seventy-nine. The Grand Lodge dues for the year, $45.50, are thuS recapitu- lated: On seventy-five members (dues of four re- mitted), at 50 cents each, $37.50; eight initiated, 5 per cent of lodge fees ($10), $4.00; five passed, 5 per cent ($5 fee for degree), $1.25; five raised, 5 per cent ($5 fee for degree), $1.25; arrears for 1865, $1.50. Names of initiates and dates of receiving de- grees were: Robert Pierce, June 19, 1865; T. D. M. Harvey, December 12, 1865; Collins Murray, January 8, 1866; W. C. McCannon, January i, 1866; R. L Jackson, March 6, 1866; G. M. How- lett, March 27, 1866; J. S. McClure, May 7, 1866. The name of F. F. Dana also appears in the hst, with March 12, 1866, as date of initiation. This is erased, yet the brother took the remaining degrees during the year. For what reason the erasure was made, while report shows eight initia- tions, is unknown. The five brothers receiving Fellowcraft degree 150 History Crescent Lodge were: George H. Gammon, August 21, 1865; Collins Murray, February 19, 1866; W. C. Mc- Cannon, February 19, 1866; T. D. M. Harvey, March 12, 1866; F. F. Dana, March 28, 1866. The rule was then that one lunar month should elapse between conferring of degrees upon a brother, unless the time should be shortened by dispensation from the Grand Master. Note is made that such dispensation was asked and granted in the case of Bro. Dana, only two weeks elapsing between the degrees. Under the heading of "Names and Dates of Raisings" we find the following: George H. Gammon, October 12, 1865; W. C. McCannon, March 7, 1866; Collins Murray, March 29, 1866; T. D. M. Harvey, May i, 1866; F. F. Dana, May 13, 1866. The membership of the lodge was materially in- creased by those affiliating during the year. The list shows: J. P. Coulter, admitted June 12, 1865; J. S. Brubaker, July 10, 1865; L. Abell, October 9, 1865; A. M. Early, December 4, 1865; J. W. Henderson, February 3, 1866; J. Van Curin, February 3, 1866; S. H. Henderson, March 5, 1866; A. V. Eastman, April 2, 1866; A. A. Minear, April 2, 1866; J. H. Marshall, April 2, 1866; Joseph Calder, April 2, 1866. We can not refrain from in this place calling attention to the entrance of Bro. John W. Hen- derson as a member of Crescent Lodge. At this writing he is the oldest Mason retaining member- ship in Crescent Lodge. A few others there are History Crescent Lodge 151 still living who joined or were made Masons in the lodge at dates antecedent to his affiliation, but these are no longer on our membership list. Bro. Henderson became treasurer of the lodge in 1869, and has ever since held that office — a record of thirty-five years' faithful service in which both himself and his brethren may take just pride. In its proper place a more adequate biographical sketch of Bro. Henderson as a man and a Mason, is given. Those who demitted from the lodge during the year under review were : J. V. Hollebaugh, No- vember 6, 1865; John R. Corporan, January i, 1866; P. W. Zeigler, March 5, 1866; E. S. Ber- gen, March 5, 1866; A. M. Early, April 2, 1866; S. F. Harvey, April 30, 1866; John N. Coldren, April 30, 1866. L. M. Carr, an Entered Apprentice, was ex- pelled February 28, 1866. I am inclined to be- lieve, on rather shadowy evidence, it is true, that this was a case brought to the attention of the Grand Master for consideration. The require- ment of separate ballot for each degree had oper- ated to the stoppage of an Entered Apprentice. Change of the law to one ballot forced the object- or or objectors into the open. The Grand Master sustained ruling of the Master that unless charges were preferred, advancement of the brother could not be stopped. Consequently formal charges were preferred, and expulsion followed. Dues were remitted to Bros. M. C. Boughton and Joseph Calder, "very aged brothers;" to Bro. 152 History Crescent Lodge J. H. Atwell, because of protracted sickness, and to Bro. H. J. Martin, an honorary member. On May 24th, 1S66 — just before the close of Ma- sonic venr, Bro. M. C. Boughton laid down the hea'iT burden ot his age, and obeyed the call which comes sooner or later to all Craftsmen. The officers-elect for tlie year 1866-67 are thus given: James L. Enos, Worshipful Master. Andrew R. West, Senior ^^'arden. George Snyder, Junior ^^'arden. Henry B. Stibbs, Treasurer. George F. Bennet, Secretary. C. D. Pettibone, Senior Deacon. John W. Henderson, Junior Deacon. E. H. Steadman, Senior Steward. F. J. Upton, Junior Steward. J. S. Morehead, Tyler. 1867. Again at the 1867 session of Grand Lodge, held at Davenport June 7, Crescent Lodge was represented b}- Bro. James L. Enos, Worship- ful Master and Past Senior Grand Warden. He M-as given place on the Committee on Appeals and Grievances. Two appeals from sentences of expulsion Im- posed by Crescent Lodge were presented to this last-named committee. In that of Crescent Lodge vs. Lindley Abel, there was affirmation without comment. The other appeal, that of E. S. Wil- son, is thus disposed of: "The transcript does not show that the accused ANDREW R. WEST Worshipful Master i^:>, lsro-71 and 1877: Past Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Liidire of Iowa; Past High Priest Trowel Chapter No. 49 History Crescent Lodge 153 had notice of the trial, nor that it could not be given in consequence of his residence being un- known. It is therefore recommended that the sentence of expulsion be set aside for informahty in the proceedings, and the case remanded to the lodge for new trial. The record states that the accused was a member of St. Albans Lodge, Massachusetts, and that jurisdiction of the case was taken with the consent of his lodge. The committee advise the incorporating of such con- sent in the proceedings, which has not been done in this instance." No further record of the case appears, either in Grand Lodge proceedings or the returns of Crescent Lodge. Whether the home lodge of the brother re-assumed jurisdiction or whether new trial was held or allowed to go by de- fault is now beyond investigation, the memories of those who were members at that time proving defective on the point. Following our plan of recapitulating lodge work of the years, as shown in the returns, there is found: Number initiated, five; passed, four; raised, three; admitted, twelve; demitted, six; died, three; suspended for non-payment of dues, six; expelled, one; reinstated, one. The total membership numbers eighty-five. The dues of two were remitted. The total of Grand Lodge dues was $49.00. Those initiated were: H. C. Morehead, August 6, 1866; J. H. Stibbs, August 7, 1866; J. H. Conley, August 7, 1866; G. M. Olmsted, 154 History Crescent Lodge December 31, 1866; J. S. Calder, January 28, 1867. Fellowcraft degree was conferred as follows: G. M. Howlett, June 11, 1866; H. C. Morehead, September 25, 1866; J. H. Stibbs, February 4, 1867; G. M. Olmsted, February 4, 1867. These were raised as Master Masons: G. M. Howlett, August 8, 1866; H. C. Morehead, De- cember 4, 1866; J. H. Stibbs, March 28, 1867. The following brothers were admitted by af- filiation: W. B. Leach, June 4, 1866; G. A. Jones, July 30. 1866; B. F. Boughton, July 30, 1866; C. W. Burton, September 24, 1866; A. M. Mekeel, October 29, 1866; J. Boyce, November 26, 1866; L. B. Gere, November 26, 1866; J. 5. Morehead, December 24, 1866; A. G. Plumb, Februan,- 18, 1867; N. Kramer, Februan' 24, 1867: C. H. Spencer, February 24, 1867; N. T. Mairs. March 25, 1867. Six severed their connections with Crescent Lodge by demissions, as follows: L. H. Keys, March 25, 1867; Daniel Lothian, July 2, 1866; M. Remfeldt, August 27, 1866; J. H. Cambum, December 24. 1866; E. H. Steadman, Sptember 24, 1866, and J. W. Ormiston, February 18, 1867. The demission of Daniel Lothian removed an- other of those who had been active Masons since the early years of the lodge. He was elected to membership September 19, 1853, ^"d wherever there is opportunity for us through the intervening time to note attendance we find Bro. Lothian reg- History Crescent Lodge 155 ular in his place, and at all times willing to take up any part of the work assigned. This brother was for many years prominent in affairs of Linn county, serving as County Judge and as such pass- ing on questions of first importance to the people. •A comparison of the roster for this year 1867 reveals that but one name remained thereon of those who had petitioned for dispensation in 1850 — that of Bro. and Past Master George Greene. The others had either removed from the city or had gained entrance, after labor, into the Grand Lodge above. The second Master of the lodge, Bro. S. D. Carpenter, though not one of the orig- inal petitioners, yet the earliest initiate, was also upon the roster. It is in vain ^\t look for other names with which we had grown familiar in searching out the history of the earliest years. The demission of Bro. J. H. Cambum also took from the roll the name of one who had been unusually active and honored. In days when Ma- sons as a rule were poorly informed in things of the Craft, Bro. Cambum was distinguished for the breadth of his knowledge and for clearness of ex- pression. It is to the few men such as this, of an- other generation, that Masonry in Cedar Rapids owes that tradition of conservatism and careful in- vestigation which has in times of crisis prevented much annoyance and even probable disaster. On June 18, 1866, Bros. John Harris, Morgan Parks and P. W Reeder. and on May 13, 1867, Bros. W. F. Chapman, M. S. Chase and S. J. 156 History Crescent Lodge Davenport were suspended for non-payment of dues. Lindley Abell was expelled after due trial February 5, 1867, and this sentence was, as we have seen, affirmed by Grand Lodge upon appeal. P. W. Reeder was re-instated May 13, 1867, and finally demitted from the lodge on the 17th of January succeeding. On account of poverty the dues of Bro. J. H. Atwell and C. G. Darr were remitted. Both these brothers passed from earth during the year — Bro. Atwell on September 30, 1866, and Bro. Darr on May 18, 1867. There Is also recorded the death, October 5, 1866, of Bro. A. Whitenack, another of the old members. The names of officers-elect for the Masonic year 1 868-1 869, appended to these returns, are as follows : Andrew R. West, Worshipful Master. George F. Bennet, Senior Warden. B. F. Howland, Junior Warden. H. B. Stibbs, Treasurer. G. M. Hewlett, Secretary. W. B. Leach, Senior Deacon. B. F. Boughton, Junior Deacon. E. S. Hill, Senior Steward. A. A. Minear, Junior Steward. J. S. Morehead, Tyler. 1868. The Mastership of Bro. A. R. West brings to consideration another man of strong character who had large influence on Masonic af- History Crescent Lodge I57 fairs In Cedar Rapids. For many years, and into the times of some of us who are comparatively young Masons, this stalwart brother was of weight in the councils of the Craft. His study of Masonic law and procedure gave his pronouncements au- thority in minds of the brethren. Whatever his faults they were those of a forceful yet conscien- tious character. Here, again, was one to whom we owe much when apportioning praise for present high standards. Reference is invited elsewhere in this volume to sketch giving biographical facts of this brother. There is. even yet cause for pride in the reiter- ated statements of Grand officers and custodians as to the good quality of Masonic work in Crescent Lodge. This is made even more conspifcuous by contrast. Of many of the lodges visited during the year we have reached. Grand Master Mickel said they "were to all appearances destitute of either the Book of Constitutions, proceedings of the Grand Lodge, Grand Lodge by-laws or even printed by-laws of their own. The only article in the book line being some old copy of a monitor from which the Worshipful Master was ac- customed to read the monitorial passages while initiating a candidate or conferring a degree." Bro. West received compliment upon this, his first entrance into Grand Lodge, by appointment on Committee on Grand blaster's Address. Bro. J. L. Enos was again made member of the Appeals and Grievances Committee. At this session of Grand Lodge, as reported in 158 History Crescent Lodge the proceedings, appears mention of a matter which had very important and far-reaching re- sults. Quotation is made from report of the Committee on Appeals and Grievances: "Crescent Lodge No. 25, vs. G. W. Westlake. In this case the accused was found guilty, but the lodge by its vote refused to inflict any penalty, and from this refusal Bro. A. V. Eastman, a member of the lodge, appeals. That the lodge may have an opportunity of making its record consistent, the committee recommend that the cause be re- manded to the lodge with a direction to the Wor- shipful Master to convoke the lodge in special communication and cause a ballot to be taken upon the degree of punishment to be inflicted; and that previous to taking such ballot to cause the testi- mony heretofore taken to be read to the lodge, and that no other be received, and that the action of the lodge be communicated to the Grand Lodge at its next annual communication. The original papers ha^e been filed with the Grand Secretary. It is recommended that the Worshipful Master of the lodge be permitted to withdraw the same." It is generally possible after the lapse of years to judge matters of controversy more dispassion- ately than can be done at the time. It is well un- derstood that men can not impartially write the history of their own generation. We are debarred for several reasons, from entering into the details of this case, and of the results which depended thereupon for their development. Yet it may be said by one who has endeavored to study the mat- History Crescent Lodge 159 ter in all its bearings without prejudice or prejudg- ment, that the whole affair should never have been brought into the lodge to disturb harmony among brethren. The charges in this case were of a per- sonal nature, and were pressed from personal motives. As is usually the result, antagonism was aroused and sides taken. The prosecution and defense in the case was insisted upon, not altogeth- er to sift out facts and ascertain right methods of procedure, but because they afforded convenient rallying points for those this or that way inclined. Between these two extreme parties the body of the lodge halted bewildered. Upon technicality these brethren pronounced a verdict of guilty. Not then realizing that by so doing they had perforce committed themselves to the necessity of pro- nouncing sentence they refused to fix upon either of the three penalties provided by Masonic law. This was unsatisfactory to both parties, and it was from this action that one of the friends of accused appealed. Remanded back by authority of Grand Lodge action was taken as specified above. This resulted in fixing the lowest possible penalt)- — rep- rimand. But by this time the obstinacy and ill- nature engendered refused to be satisfied even with this outcome. At the succeeding session of Grand Lodge the Grand Master reported as among his decisions the following question and answer, which have reference to the case under review : "A member of our lodge has been legally tried and found guilty of gross un-masonic conduct; the lodge in its mercy has sentenced him to be repri- l6o History Crescent Lodge manded. The brother had been personally served with a summons to appear on a certain day to re- ceive said reprimand. We have good reasons to believe that he will refuse to obey the summons. Query — Should he fail to appear on the evening appointed for the infliction of the penalty, can we then again spread the ballot, and proceed, ex parte, to inflict a higher penalty, should the lodge so de- termine ? "Answer — I think not. If he refuses to obey your summons I think your remedy will be to pre- fer charges against him on that ground, and if found guilty of willfully refusing to obey a lawful summons, you can then inflict such punishment as his case merits." With all deference to the Masonic wisdom of Grand Master Mickel we opine that in making this answer he had allowed himself to be led be- yond the line of duty. He should not have given attentionto a supposititious case. The brother had not refused to appear, but it was supposed he would so refuse. This was sharp practice on the part of those making the query, and should have been sent back with a reprimand. An analysis of the motive of inquiry is easy. The case had been remanded back for fixing of penalty. This had been placed at the lowest possible under the law. If therefore for any reason the accused had failed to appear, the prosecution, backed by the hoped-for opinion of Grand Master, would have at once forced the issue again on matter of penalty. The lodge could not again have refused to sentence, UNION BLOCK Occupied by Crescent Lodge from 1870 to isiiR History Crescent Lodge i6l contempt would have been urged as against the reprimand, and of necessity suspension or expulsion must have followed. This is without doubt what was intended, and the attempted sharp practice only served to embitter the quarrel. As a further result charges were preferred against the Worshipful Master. Fortunately the Grand Master was in no wise personally interested in the controversy and had only in view the promo- tion of harmony among Masons. To the end that the whole matter might be properly investi- gated it was referred to R. W. Bro W. P. Allen, Senior Grand Warden, as special deputy. By the tact and skill of this brother peace was restored to a lodge that was in danger of being brought Into unprofitable dissension. It is unfortunate that In just such matters as this we are unable to refer to the records of the lodge. These would have shed light upon many points which we are now unable to investigate. We can only trust to the meager mentions made In Grand Lodge reports and to the memories of the few still alive who were members of the lodge at that time. All statements made have been sub- jected to the best judgment of which this historian is capable. In bringing the matter up thus far, for purposes of clear understanding, we have gone somewhat ahead of affairs In the year under re- view. It will In its proper place be taken up again, that the further consequences may be noted. Were It not for the reserve necessary in a volume which will be open to any reader, this affair might be 1 62 History Crescent Lodge made of still greater interest to Masons, and espe- cially to members of both lodges in Cedar Rapids. At the election of Grand Lodge officers, Bro. A. R. West was honored with position as Junior Grand Warden. This distinction was the more unusual as it was bestowed upon the brother at the first session he had attended. Two causes may be assigned. Crescent was among the largest and most influential of Masonic bodies in the juris- diction, and was therefore deemed worthy of recog- nition. Again, the brother had shown his quali- ties as fitting him for any position. He had, too, been placed in a difficult situation through affairs in his home lodge and had been bitterly assailed by a few opposed to his course. This election was therefore in the nature of a vindication of his action. When Grand Lodge called for places desiring to entertain and accommodate the session of 1869 Cedar Rapids was named by Bros. Enos and West. Both these brethren spoke strongly in favor of their home city. It had just been re- quired by general regulation that these facts should be satisfactorily established: That the place should be readily accessible by railroad; that there should be a good, convenient and accessible hall, and that there should be ample hotel accommoda- tions. This latter point was alone in doubt. But a new and large hotel was to be built, and in ample time to provide suitable accornm.odatlon for Grand Lodge meeting. The Cedar Rapids representa- tives had received this assurance before leaving History Crescent Lodge 163 home, and repeated the same positively when the city was put in nomination. In consequence of these representations Cedar Rapids was chosen as the place of meeting for June, 1869. But the promises made for new and adequate hotel accommodations did not materialize. The hotel enterprise failed for the time being, and therefore the city could not measure up to require- ments. This was a sad disappointment to the local brethren, who had looked forward to the pleasure of entertaining the Masons of Iowa in a manner worthy of the institution. The facts were Immediately communicated to the Grand Master, who on the first of January, 1869, Issued the fol- lowing circular: "Whereas, Cedar Rapids was chosen by the lodges at the last session for the place of meeting In 1869, upon the voucher of Bros. Enos and West, that it possessed all the requirements de- manded by the law; and whereas, the third law requires that the place of meeting shall possess ample hotel accommodations for all the members of the Grand Lodge; and whereas, It has been of- ficially communicated to me by the brethren of said city of Cedar Rapids, that In consequence of the failure in the erection of their proposed hotel, ample accommodations cannot be had, as required by the law. Wherefore, after due consultation with the elective grand officers, and with the single view of affording the best accommodation to the Grand Lodge and the greatest number of lodges. 164 History Crescent Lodge I do order and direct that Davenport be the place of meeting for 1869." The annual returns of Crescent Lodge for 1867 showed a total membership of seventy. During the succeeding Masonic year four were raised, eleven admitted and one reinstated, an aggregate increase of sixteen. Against this there was a de- crease of six demissions and one death, the num- ber of members May i, 1868, being seventy-nine. The total of lodge dues paid was $49.00. The initiations for the year were: Joseph S. Anderson, October 15, 1867; M. T. Bell, June 24, 1867; C. B. Rowley, July 29, 1867; John Thomas, October 17, 1867; D. Wormley, October 24, 1867. Three were passed as Fellowcrafts, being the following: M. T. Bell, August 21, 1867; C. B. Rowley, August 21, 1867; J. S. McClure, January 15, 1868. Those raised, with dates thereof, are thus given: M. T. Bell, October 21, 1867; C. B. Rowley, October 28, 1867; G. M. Olmsted, December 2, 1867; J. S. McClure, April 20, 1868. The admissions for the year included: Bros. W. A. Hall, Amasa Mann and M. P. Mills, June 17, 1867; L. L. Brigham, G. W. Messinger and W. M. Walker, July 22, 1867; John G. Graves, November 18, 1867; H. C. Gillett and S. J. Gil- lett, March 9, 1868; Thomas Devendorf and W. D. Watrous, April 13, 1868. Bro. M. S. Chase was reinstated as a member in good standing January 13, 1868. History Crescent Lodge 165 These were granted demits : A. A. Minear (Junior Steward), W. C. McCannon and S. H. Henderson, November 18, 1867; L. L. Brigham, December 16, 1867; P. W. Reeder, January 13, 1868; J. VanCurin, February 10, 1868. Bro. C. C. Waggoner passed from earthly com- munion with his "brethren September 24, 1867. The officers-elect for the ensuing Masonic year ( 1 868-1 869) were: G. F. Bennet, Worshipful Master. W. B. Leach, Senior Warden. C. D. Pettibone, Junior Warden. H. B. Stibbs, Treasurer. M. P. Mills, Secretary. M. T. Bell, Senior Deacon. S. M. Brobst, Junior Deacon. E. S. Hill, Senior Steward. H. C. Morehead, Junior Steward. J. Morehead, Tyler. 1869. This year was one of great importance in the Masonic annals of Cedar Rapids. The dif- ficulties to which reference was made In preceding section had become accentuated, and for a time threatened complete disruption of the lodge. Both sides to the controversy had settled obstinately in opposed positions, and there was no longer oppor- tunity or desire for compromise. Such being the situation on August 3, 1868, twenty-four brethren asked for and were granted demits. The names of those who thus withdrew from membership in Crescent Lodge were of those best known and heretofore most active in Masonic work. Best of i66 History Crescent Lodge all else will a reading of these names indicate to what length the quarrel had been carried. They were: A. V. Eastman, H. B. Stibbs, J. C. Adams, C. D. Pettibone, N. B. Brown, M. A. Higley, A. S. Belt, J. P. Coulter, T. Z. Cook, W. B. Leach, Ed. Coulter, G. M. Howlett, George Greene, B. F. Boughton, George Snyder, J. H. Stibbs, Wesley Stevens, C. V. Rowley, I. N. Whittam, J. G. Graves, George W. Westlake, W. D. Watrous, S. B. Fleak, J. S. McClure. Of these three held ofHce in the lodge at the time of their demission, viz : W. B. Leach, Senior Warden; C. D. Pettibone, Junior Warden, and H. B. Stibbs, Treasurer. Their places were filled as follows: C. P. Gilkison, Senior Warden; B. F. Rowland, Junior Warden, and John W. Hen- derson, Treasurer. The openly avowed intention of these brethren, in thus withdrawing, was to form a new lodge. To this end petition for dispensation was prepared and presented to Crescent Lodge for recommenda- tion, as required by Masonic law. Here was op- portunity for graceful and fraternal action, which would at once have done much to heal the wounds of previous strife. Had such recommendation been made, these brethren given the good wishes of those who remained in the old home, much History Crescent Lodge itj after difficulty and rankling bitterness might have been avoided. But the radicals were now in the saddle and would not listen to the counsels of peace. The request for recommendation of a new lodge was refused. Lacking this requirement the demitted brethren nevertheless sent their petition to Grand Master Mickel, who thus reported in his annual address for 1869: "Among others I received a petition for a new lodge at the city of Cedar Rapids, signed by twenty-two Master Masons, among whom, I am informed, were several of the most respected and worthy Masons and citizens of that flourishing city. This petition, however, was not accompanied with the necessary recommendation of Crescent Lodge No. 25, but on the contrary I was informed that said lodge almost unanimously refused to give the required recommendation. I further learned that, unfortunately, there existed a source of dis- cord among the Craft at that place which, in a measure, destroyed the harmony and good feeling which should ever characterize the intercourse of Masons with each other. I therefore declined to issue the dispensation asked for, but promised to present the matter to the Grand Lodge for its con- sideration, which I have now done. If, upon an examination into the facts of the case, it shall be considered constitutional and proper that a dispen- station shall issue to said brethren, you will give the necessary authority therefor." This portion of Grand Master's address was 1 68 History Crescent Lodge referred to the Committee on Chartered Lodges, which reported: "That part of the M. W. Grand Master's ad- dress relating to the petition of a number of breth- ren at Cedar Rapids asking for a dispensation for the formation of a new lodge, and they being un- able to comply with Section 8 cf the Grand Lodge by-laws, having been referred to us, yo«r commit- tee would recommend to the brethren of Cedar Rapids the practice of the Masonic virtues so well known to them, and display that forbearing spirit that should characterize the intercourse of Masons upon all occasions. We would recommeend to the M. W. Grand Master to visit Cedar Rapids at his earliest convenience, and endeavor to restore peace and harmony among the brethren." Grand Master John Scott, in compliance with this recommendation, did visit Cedar Rapids al- most immediately after the close of Grand Lodge. He called all the brethren together, and talked to them of their duties as Masons, advising and sternly reprehending the lack of fraternal spirit. That this was of effect is shown by the following recommendation, appended to the petition for dis- pensation to establish a new lodge: "Hall of Crescent Lodge No. 25, F. and A. M., Tuesday, June 29th, 1869. "To the most Worshipful the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa : "The undersigned. Master and Secretary of the above lodge, do certify that Brother J. C. Adams, named as Master of the new lodge in the annexed GEORfiE F. BENNET Worshipful Master in ISO'J History Crescent Lodge 169 petition, was formerly Master of Crescent Lodge No. 25, and has exemplified the work in the three degrees of Masonn*' in open lodge in a creditable manner. "We also certify that the brethren signing such petition have provided a suitable and safe lodge room, and that each of said petitioners has pro- duced a regular demit from the lodge of which he is a member. "Witness our hands and the seal of the lodge the day and year above written. (Seal) A. R. WEST, W. M. G. F. BENXET, Secretan.." The petition is here given, as being a part of this history, and that the names of its signers, all of whom were just before members of Crescent Lodge, may be kept in mind : "To the most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa of A. F. and A. Masons : "We, the undersigned, Master Masons of good standing, and having the prosperity of the Craft at heart, are anxious to exert our best endeavors to promote and diffuse the genuine principles of Free Masonry, and for the convenience of our respec- tive dwellings and other good reasons we are de- sirous of forming a new lodge to be named . "We, therefore, with tb.e approbation of the lodge nearest our location (hereunto appended) respectfully pray for a dispensation empowering us to meet as a regular lodge at the dty of Cedar Rapids, in the county of Linn, on the second Thursday after each full moon and there to dis- 170 History Crescent Lodge charge the duties of Ancient York Masonry in a constitutional manner according to the form of the order and the laws of the Grand Lodge. "And we have nominated and do recommend Brother J. C. Adams to be the first master, Brother William B. Leach to be the first Senior Warden, and Brother H. B. Stibbs to be the first Junior Warden of the said lodge. "The prayer of the petition being granted we promise strict obedience to the commands of the Grand Master and the laws and regulations of the Grand Lodge and the usages and customs of Ma- sonry. L N. WHITTAM, A. S. BELT, THOS. Z. COOK, J. C. ADAMS, C. B. ROWLEY, H. B. STIBBS, J. G. GRAVES, J. H. STIBBS, W. D. WATROUS, N. B. BROWX, C. D. PETTIBONE, WM. B. LEACH, GEO. GREENE, A. V. EASTMAN, M. A. HIGLEY, WESLEY STEVENS, G. M. HOWLETT, JOHN WEARE, J. P. COULTER, EDWARD COULTER." History Crescent Lodge 171 Therefore on July 3, 1869, Grand Master Scott granted his dispensation to the above-named breth- ren, authorizing institution of a lodge to be known as Mt. Hermon Lodge, and with the brethren named in the petition as officers thereof. This, then, was the satisfactory, and in fact the only outcome possible to the trouble which had so disturbed Masonry in Cedar Rapids for two years. Viewed in the light afforded by the history of the two lodges since that time it proves that a very ex- cellent thing was done by this division. Within a very short time thereafter the membership would have grown too large and unwieldy for one body. With the two existing in the city It has been pos- sible for the brother wishing to affiliate or the pe- titioner for the mysteries to choose that which from its membership may seem most congenial. The years have healed all differences, so that not even a shadow falls between the two lodges. In every good word and deed there is "only that noble emulation of who best can work and best agree." There are between these two no hard and fast lines of division. The officers and members of each lodge are with those of the other in work or seasons of enjoyment, and are equally at home whether in attendance at their own or the sister body. We know, too, that when the history of Mt. Hermon Lodge shall be written this spirit of co-operation and oneness will be emphasized as strongly as can be put in words herein. At the Grand Lodge session of 1869, held at Davenport June i. Crescent Lodge was repre- 172 History Crescent Lodge sented by A. R. West, Worshipful Master, and B. F. Howland, Junior Warden. Though Bro. West was Junior Grand Warden at this meeting he did not take his station. As before mentioned there were indications of trouble and talk of charges. He therefore desired to be upon the floor, ready for offense or defense. I have given this explanation as being that fre- quently made why Bro. West did not act as Junior Grand Warden. It was agreed while events were still fresh in the minds of the brethren to quiet any- thing which might tend to renew strife. Now it is possible to give statement without fear of of- fense or without indiscretion. The facts, briefly stated, are these : The recommendation for a new lodge was passed by Crescent Lodge in opposition to the de- sire of Bro. West and in spite of his strenuous ef- forts. Defeated he asked for and was granted a demit. The question then arose, was he, as a de- mitted Mason, a member of the Grand Lodge and entitled to hold office therein. This was referred to the Grand Master, who thus replies in his an- nual address: "In October last the Junior Grand Warden de- mitted from his lodge, upon which arose the ques- tions whether he could lawfully demit, and if so, what was his status oflicially? "I decided the first question affirmatively, and the second that his demission created a vacancy in the office to which he had been elected. I do not propose here or now to argue these questions; a History Crescent Lodge 173 precedent in our own history is to be found (Re- print Vol. I, page 228) which fully sustains this view. The constitution provides only for the fill- ing of vacancies below the grade of Junior Grand Warden. Hence it remains unfilled and vacant at present. A caution might with propriety . be here given to Grand and particular officers not hastily to sever their lodge connections." This decision of the Grand Master had been previously communicated to Bro. West and to Crescent Lodge. In fact it came at once. The brother realized that by his impulsive action he would only rob himself of honors already gained, if those were not already forfeited. His friends were ready with good counsel. Returning his demit al- most immediately he asked for reinstatement, which was willingly accorded. It was also agreed in the lodge that all record of this demission and reinstatement should be expunged from the min- utes and that no mention thereof should be made in annual returns. The same influence was exerted in Grand Lodge. The committee on Grand Master's Address made no reference to the subject in its report, nor did the matter otherwise come before the Grand Body. (As a precedent it was quoted some years after- wards.) By common consent, or rather because of this non-action, Bro. West's name was placed among the Past Junior Grand Wardens, and he was thereafter accorded honor as a permanent member of Grand Lodge. But as matter of strict fact he was not at any time after his demission 174 History Crescent Lodge entitled to such rank. This point is made dear in a later case. It certainly speaks well for the kind- ly forbearance of those he had so strenuously op- posed that no voice was raised to oppose this ac- tion, either locally or in Grand Lodge. Before the body at this time came a strongly urged proposition to establish Grand Lodge per- manently at Des Moines, and to build a temple there as headquarters. Against this the represent- atives of Crescent Lodge were active workers and did much for its defeat. Bro. Enos especially con- tended that the influences at any political capital were not such as to be for the best interests of Masonr}'. As was usually the case the returns of Crescent Lodge were among those credited as being correct in all points — no small praise either then or now. The recapitulation of the year's work shows: Number raised since last report, eleven; number admitted, nine, a total increase of twenty. The decrease is represented by twenty-four demissions and two deaths. The net decrease therefore to May I, 1869, was six, the total membership stand- ing at seventy-three upon that date. The Initia- tions and conferring of degrees are thus given : Initiations — L. S. Bever, June 13, 1868; M. Upton, and S. A. Ruch, July 20, 1868; S. Neidig, August 14, 1868; W. Batchelder, September 7, 1868; M. M. Balser, September 14, 1868; G. W. Wynn, October 12, 1868; H. W. Frick, No- vember 5, 1868. Passings — Joseph S. Anderson and L. S. Bever, History Crescent Lodge 175 July 13, 1868; M. Upton, August 10, 1868; S. A. Ruch, September 28, 1868; W. Batchelder, October 19, 1868; M. M. Balser and L. Hem- mlngs, November 16, 1868; D. Wormley, Decem- ber 5, 1868; S. Neidig, December 7, 1868; H. W. Frick, January 10, 1869; G. W. Wynn, Janu- ary 12, 1869. Raisings — L. S. Bever, August 10, 1868; Joseph S. Anderson, September 21, 1868; M. Up- ton, September 23, 1868; S. A. Ruch, November 9, 1868; M. M. Balser, December 21, 1868; L. Hemmings, December 9, 1868; W. Batchelder, January 8, 1869; H. W. Frick, February 8, 1869; D. Wormley, March 8, 1869; S. Neidig, April 5, 1869; G. W. Wynn, April 6, 1869. Those admitted were: W. A. Hall, June 17, 1886; O. Robinson, J. W. Firestone and M. Ebl, July 6, 1868; G. W. Stearns, August 3, 1868; C. S. Bennett, November 2, 1868; J. A. Hildebrand, November 30, 1868; F. Harriman, January 4, 1869; B. S. Marvin, May 3, 1869. The two deaths of the year were: Bro. L. B. Gere, May 20, 1868, and Bro. N. T. Mairs, October 10, 1868. The dues of Bro. J. Boyce were remitted on account "of poverty and misfortune, he having^ suffered from fire, etc.," certainly very sufficient causes for such remission. The officers-elect for the year 1 869-1 870 were: Andrew R. West, Worshipful Master. Amasa Mann, Senior Warden. E. S. Hill, Junior Warden. 176 History Crescent Lodge John W. Henderson, Treasurer. G. F. Bennet, Secretary. M. T. Bell, Senior Deacon. Joseph S. Anderson, Junior Deacon. W. Batchelder, Senior Steward. H. C. Morehead, Junior Steward. A. Reber, Tyler. Again at the close of a five year period and of the decade the roster of the lodge is given for pur- poses of comparison. These are from the returns of May I, 1869: H. G. Angle, J. S. Anderson, H. Bennett, C. W. Burton, John Boyce, M. T. Bell, G. F. Bennet, L. S. Bever, S. M. Brobst, J. Brubaker, M. M. Balser, W. Batchelder, C. S. Bennett, S. D. Car- penter, E. M. Crandall, Gabriel Carpenter, W. F. Chapman, J. S. Cook, J. M. Canfield, M. S. Chase, F. F. Dana, Thomas Devendorf, M. Ebi, J. L. Enos, H. W. Frick, J. W. Firestone, G. H. Gammon, S. J. Gillette, H. C. Gillette, C. P. Gil- kison, F. Harriman, W. Harper, Ezra Havens, T. M. D. Harvey, W. A. Hall, J. A. Hildebrand, L. Hemmings, J. W. Henderson, B. F. Howland, E. S. Hill, G. A. Jones, A. M. Karr. X. Kramer, B. S. Marvin, Collin Murray, W. B. Mack, J. Marshall, A. M. Mekeel, G. W. Messinger, A. Mann, M. P. Mills, H. C. Morehead, J. More- head, S. Neidig, \Y. C. Osman, G. ^Y. Olmsted, A. G. Plumb, O. Robinson, S. A. Ruch, G. W. Steams, E. Suits, C. H. Spencer, W. H. Thomp- son, L. Teats, W. Thorn, Dyer Usher, F. J. Up- ton, M. Upton, G. W. Wvnn, D. Wormley, W. Walker, A. R. West, J. S. Wolf. ri^^nr^-^rig!' . CHAPTER XL 1870-1875. AT session of Grand held in Davenport June 7, 1870, Crescent Lodge was represented by Bro. A. R. West, as Worshipful Master. Bro. James L. Enos, Past Senior Grand Warden, was also in attendance. From the proceedings of that year we are unable to glean anything having ref- erence to the lodge or its work. During the winter months of 1 869-1 870 action was taken by different agencies in Cedar Rapids to relieve existing distress. For the first time in his- tory of the town there was discovered a dependent and incompetent class of citizens. Before this the rude plenty and simple life of a village community had operated effectually against extreme of pov- erty. Misfortune might bring sudden destitution, but relief was prompt, neighborly and ungrudging. But as the life became more complex, as the thrift- less and indolent imposed themselves upon the community, there was growing need for organized charity. There were to be considered and cared for the widows, orphans and other dependents of those who had fallen in service of their country, or had since succumbed to wounds and disease. Such were the changed conditions, and these the people of Cedar Rapids met by effective organization. It is 178 History Crescent Lodge satisfactory to note that in this work Crescent Lodge had full share. Though, indeed, it is some- what startling to our present conception of Ma- sonic charity to read a public appeal for contribu- tions to be distributed through the lodge organiza- tion, yet this was done over signature of Bro. James L. Enos. He further stated that while no pub- lished report of Masonic charities could be made, yet anyone desiring information upon the subject could be enlightened by application to the lodge, officers. Bro. Enos was apparently always active. We hear of him at this time delivering an address be- fore the lodge on the Past Masters who had held office since organization. All these men he had personally known. Had the manuscript of this address been preserved and made available to us what wealth of incident and anecdote might it now reveal. But this, too, with our lodge records, is hopelessly lost in the debris of the dead years. Officers elected for the year 1870-71 were: A. R. West, Worshipful Master. B. F. Howland, Senior Warden. J. T. Hamilton, Junior Warden. J. W. Henderson, Treasurer. G. F. Bennet, Secretary. Amasa Mann, Senior Deacon. W. Batchelder, Junior Deacon. H. E. Witwer, Senior Steward. Wm. Smouse, Junior Steward. A. J. Reber, Tyler. History Crescent Lodge 179 Again the amount of work accomplished was creditable, the summary showing as follows: Initiations — J. H. Smith, July 27, 1869; W. S. Mattheson, August 6, 1869; J. J. Woolcote, Au- gust 17, 1869; E. W. S. Otto and J. H. Wetzel, October 11, 1869; H. E. Witwer, November i, 1869. Passings — Isaac Yeary, July 5, 1869; W. D. Bollinger, July 12, 1869; Wm. Smouse, July 17, 1869 ; J. H. Smith, August 30, 1869 ; E. W. Wat- erbury, September 6, 1869; E. W. S. Otto, No- vember 8, 1869; H. E. Witwer, November 29, 1869. Raisings — Joseph Calder, June 8, 1869; W- D. Bollinger, August 3, 1869; D. Bowling, October 4, 1869; E. W. Waterbury, November 4, 1869; Wm. Smouse, November 15, 1869; J. Schumler, December 6, 1869; H. E. Witwer, January 3, 1870; J. H. Smith, January 24, 1870; James RoUo, March 28, 1870; G. W. Walaron, March 29, 1870. Admissions — ^A. J. Reber, May 31, 1869; A. B. George and J. T. Hamilton, June 28, 1869; Alexander Laurance, October 25, 1869; J. Cher- ney, March 21, 1870. Deaths — J. Boyce, March 22, 1869; J. S. More- head, July 5, 1869. Demissions — G. H. Gammon, June 28, 1869; Lot Teats, July i, 1869; M. Ebi, September 27, 1869; A. M. Karr, November 22, 1869; N. Kra- mer, January 17, 1870. l8o History Crescent Lodge Beginning this Masonic year with seventy-three members the period closed with a total of eighty- one. The lodge contributed as dues on members and work the sum of $55.00. 1870-71 — Where one is confined, as in the pres- ent case, to an altogether inadequate source of in- formation, how strangely the names of men come and go. Like bubbles on a wave, they show for a moment, and then disappear. Some of these names which are here transcribed have passed en- tirely from the memories of men to whom they must once have been known. In some instances the personalities presented nothing on which mem- ory might fix — these passed unnoticed, mere units in the mass. Others, again, were but transient sojourners, brothers who found a Masonic home here for brief stay, and then passed out of knowl- edge and memory. We find those, too, who have received in our lodge one or more degrees, but whose names are not found on the old rosters. Cedar Rapids was upon the line of western travel, and through it poured a full stream of emigration, pressing to the newer lands of promise. Here, as at a halting place, many waited for a time, and of these some affiliated, only to move on again as the land-hunger and restlessness seized upon them. We chance upon the following In annual ad- dress of Grand Master John Scott, made before Grand Lodge at Davenport, June 6, 1871 : " Our brethren of Cedar Rapids have now a very excel- lent lodge room, but newly completed." This di- rected search in local newspaper files to ascertain History Crescent Lodge l8i its dedication. The result appears in narrative of succeeding year. Officers for the year 1871-72 were elected as follows : Amasa Mann, Worshipful Master. John T. Hamilton, Senior Warden. William Batchelder, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Sam Neidig, Secretary. Thomas Ruch, Senior Deacon. H. E. Witwer, Junior Deacon. William H. Smouse, Senior Steward. J. P. Messer, Junior Steward. J. M. Canfield, Tyler. The year's work was not great, and is thus syn- opsized : Initiations — Gold S. Pettit, June 27, 1870; J. P. Messer, July 23, 1870; W. W. Hamilton, Feb- ruary 15, 1871. Passings — Gold S. Pettit, August 22, 1870; C. Cornish, September 14, 1870; J. P. Messer, Octo- ber 17, 1870; W. W. Hamilton, April 10, 1871. Raisings — Gold S. Pettit, October 14, 1870; E. W. S. Otto, November 15, 1870; J. P. Messer, December 19, 1871. Admissions — J. S. Peck, May 16, 1870; A. J. Minor, October 10, 1870. Demissions — Vf. A. Hall, W. C. Osman, Ezra Havens, D. Bollinger, J. Brubaker, June 20, 1870. Suspensions — S. D. Carpenter, C. Murray, W. 1 82 History Crescent Lodge F. Chapman, M. Chase, G. A. Jones, May 16, 1870. There was this year a loss in membership, the number decreasing from eighty-one to seventy-six. Grand Lodge dues amounted to $46.50. 1 87 1- 1 872 — Installation of officers of both Crescent and Mt. Hermon Lodges was made part of the public exercises attendant upon dedication of their new hall. This was a notable event in history of the local craft. A writer of the times thus treats of the occasion : " Among the many pleasant public entertain- ments and social convenings provided for our citi- zens this season, none has been more perfectly ar- ranged and more happily carried out than was that gotten up by the Masonic fraternity of Cedar Rapids, on Friday evening last (June 23, 1871), on the occasion of the dedication of their new and beautiful hall and the public installation of offi- cers. The hall was densely crowded at an early hour with ladies and gentlemen, comprising a large number of Masons from both at home and abroad, their wives, daughters and lady friends, and the citizens of Cedar Rapids and neighboring towns, ladies and gentlemen, not a part of the ' mystic brotherhood,' for all of whom ample accommoda- tions were provided in the spacious hall. The ex- ercises of the evening were opened with a song by the Cedar Rapids Glee Club, which was followed by prayer by the Rev. A. N. Keigwin. This was followed by the dedicatory services of the order. These concluded, the installation of officers was History Crescent Lodge 183 next in order. This was conducted by J. R. Hart- sock, P. G. M., specially deputized Grand Master for this occasion." The address of the evening was delivered by Bro. A. S. Belt, who fortunately saw fit to Incor- porate a few phrases having value to this history. Speaking of the advancement made by churches, societies and Individuals in conveniences and beauty of their homes, he added : " So with our Masonic Lodges, whose guests you are to-night. Commencing as joint tenants with a kindred benevolent Institution, in an hum- ble room on the corner of Iowa avenue and Com- mercial street, in the year 1851, they have emi- grated from point to point, as their necessities and conveniences required, until we occupy this beauti- ful hall, to which they can proudly point as one of the best and largest in the state. But from the humble beginnings of which I have spoken, their advancement and prosperity have not been alone material. The nine brothers, good and true, who first erected the Masonic Altar In this town, have grown to a membership of 150, and as we look over the long roll of names we find it numbers those among our worthiest and best citizens. Our eyes fill with tears as we recall the children of old ' Crescent ' who have obeyed the Master's call and joined the Lodge above. Some have laid down their earthly work full of grace and of honor, some met death with a smile In defence of the republic, and some have fallen by the wayside, with life stretching out bright before them, full of hope and 184 History Crescent Lodge of promise. But ' He doeth all things well,' though His ways are mysterious and past finding out." And that we may know the Masonic quality and the high ideals of our older brothers in Crescent Lodge, the following further extract is given: " Masonry, then, is a system of pure morality, taught by emblems. It consists of a code of mor- als comprehending man's dut\' to himself, his fel- low man and his God. Every Mason is pledged to the performance of these duties; upon this foundation we rear our Masonic walls, and amid the impregnable fastnesses thus created, the vota- ries of Masonr}^ take shelter and defy all the shafts of enemies. The profane swearer, the gambler, the drunkard and the libertine find no place among us. It is true, that too often they are permitted to remain within the Lodge; but their Masonry' has vanished to the four winds of heaven, leaving not a trace behind. A profane Alason ! a licen- tious Mason ! a drunken Mason ! With as much propriety you may talk of an infidel believer; a blasphemous Christian. The thing is absolutely Impossible; no such creature exists upon the face of the earth. " To be a Mason then is to be good and pure and true. Benevolence must be the polar star of his life. Nowhere else outside of the Masonic Lodge have I seen pure Bible benevolence so beautifully and forcibly taught. The Mason must also be capable of undying friendship. Let no Ice-hearted misanthrope or selfish churl ever think of becoming AMASA MANN Worshipful Master in 1872 History Crescent Lodge 185 a Mason. To profit by Masonry and to practice its mysteries requires a social hand, a noble soul, a confiding heart. To be a Masonic friend you should " ' Judge before friendship, Then confide till death.' " Did Masons of Cedar Rapids ever invite their friends but that they provided food for both body and mind? And of course, after Bro. Belt's ad- dress and a short speech by Grand High Priest Z. C. Luse of Iowa City, a banquet followed, given in the hall below. At Grand Lodge session of 1872 none of Cres- cent's officers were in attendance. The lodge was represented by Bro. J. L. Enos as proxy for the W. M., and Bro. J. S. Allen holding the Senior Warden's proxy. It is unusual for lodges to make out their re- turns in such manner as to overpay Grand Lodge dues, yet the Committee on Chartered Lodges found that Crescent had persisted in paying on Bro. H. M. Parvin, admitted, who had already been accounted for by Iowa City No. 4. For the year 1872-73 the following brothers were elected to offices of the lodge : John T. Hamilton, Worshipful Master. WiUiam Batchelder, Senior Warden. W. S. Bradley, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Sam Neidig,' Secretary. A summary of the year's work shows: ' 1 86 History Crescent Lodge Initiations — Charles W. Farnum, May 13, 1871 ; W. S. Bradley, May 20, 1871 ; Ethan Bhss, August 14, 1871; J. L. Billau, March 23, 1872; J. E. Morrison, April i, 1872. Passings — ^W. S. Bradley, July 10, 1871 ; Ethan Bliss, September 18, 1871; Thomas Herron, Feb- ruary 5, 1872. Raisings — W. W. Hamilton, May 13, 1871; Charles W. Farnum, July 17, 1871 ; W. S. Brad- ley, September 13, 1871 ; Ethan Bliss, October 16, 1871; Thomas Herron, March 25, 1872. Admissions — Wesley Kilbourn, July 3, 1871; S. A. Bowe, October 2, 1871; J. L. Weaver, Oc- tober 30, 1871 ; H. M. Parvin and A. R. Wescott, February 26, 1872; George H. Beck, April 29, 1872. Reinstatements— J. Darr, January i, 1872. Demissions — S. J. Gillett, May 8, 1871; Charles W. Farnum, November 27, 1871 ; J. Darr, January i, 1872; A. J. Minor and Joseph Schum- ler, February 26, 1872. Work and admissions of the year brought total of membership May i, 1872, to eighty-four. Grand Lodge dues were $50.50. 1 872-1 873 — On the 13th of May, 1873, the members of Crescent Lodge, at close of their reg- ular meeting, proceeded in a body to Brown's Ho- tel, where an elaborate supper had been prepared. This unusual occurrence was in honor of Grand Master O. P. Waters, of Muscatine, who had been invited to visit the lodge. The Grand Commander History Crescent Lodge 187 of Knights Templar of Iowa, Bro. Buren R. Sher- man, of Vinton, was also an honored guest. The feast finished, a whole program of toasts followed. First was " To the Most Worshipful, the Grand Master of Iowa." This was proposed by Bro. John T. Hamilton and responded to by M. W. Bro. Waters. He then gave the toast, " To Cres- cent Lodge of Cedar Rapids," to which, as Wor- shipful Master, Bro. Hamilton made fitting re- sponse. Bro. Geo. Skinner's toast was to " The Grand Commander of Iowa," which brought a characteristic talk from M. E. Sir Knight Sherman. The latter countered with proposing " The City of Cedar Rapids, the Queen City of Iowa," to which Bro. A. R. West made response. He wandered a little outside the fraternity in proposing next " The Daily Republican," and double return was made thereto by A. H. Neidig and G. M. Bagwell, the editor and business manager of that newspaper, who were among the invited guests. Speakers were evidently plentiful, Bros. G. F. Bennet, Jas. L. Enos, E. S. Hill and F. J. Upton contributing to the oratory. Bros. John O. Baxter, E. P. Bald- win and Gold S. Baldwin and Gold S. Pettit en- livened the occasion with songs, comic and senti- mental. Of the latter class one only lingers in memory of the old brother who is authority for this program. The writer is inclined to doubt the accuracy of the opinion that this particular song, " Oh, Meet Me at the Gate," had reference to the cows at milking time. This event was due to the initiative and efforts of Bros. West and Hamilton, 1 88 History Crescent Lodge the visit of the Grand Master being upon other and more serious business. About seventy members of Crescent Lodge were present, with a few from Mt. Hermon. Work for the year shows a strange dispropor- tion of initiations to that accomplished on the sec- ond and third degrees. The list follows: Initiations — Charles E. Calder and Isaac Car- roll, July I, 1872; D. W. Henderson and J. E. Stansbury, July 8, 1872; William Nicely, July 29, 1872; E. P. Baldwin, August 19, 1872; John Sea- nor, September 2, 1872; W. J. Boyles, September 23, 1872; Henry Bennett, October 28, 1872; Francis H. Secord, November 5, 1872; Frank C. Hormel, March 14, 1873. Passings — J. L. Billau, May 6, 1872; Charles E. Calder, August 26, 1872; E. P. Baldwin, De- cember 23, 1872; John Seanor, January 6, 1873; Francis H. Secord, February 4, 1873. Raisings — J. L. Billau, June 10, 1872; Charles E. Calder, December 30, 1872; E. P. Baldwin, April 21, 1873. Admissions — John H. Ray, June 24, 1872; G. M. Lyon, July 22, 1872; D. R. Scott, April 14, 1873- Demissions — M. M. Bolser and J. D. Peck, November 18, 1872; H. C. Gillett, March 17, 1873- Total of membership increased during the year from eighty-four to eighty-seven, and Grand Lodge dues reached a total of $54. lo History Crescent Lodge 189 Officers for the ensuing year were elected as fol- ws: John T. Hamilton, Worshipful Master. W. S. Bradley, Senior Warden. George M. Olmsted, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Sam Neidig, Secretary. Gold S. Pettit, Senior Deacon. J. L. Billau, Junior Deacon. J. D. Firestone, Senior Steward. D. R. Scott, Junior Steward. E. Lake, Tyler. 1873-1874 — One matter stands out beyond all others in affairs of the lodge for the year under consideration. May 24, 1873, by edict of the Grand Master, Bro. was suspended for un-Masonic conduct. The history of this pe- culiar procedure Is as follows : Trial was had In the lodge and gross un-Masonic conduct proven. The brothers present, by a majority, voted to rep- rimand. The inadequacy of this punishment for the offenses was pointed out to Grand Master Waters, who by edict ordered Crescent Lodge to suspend the brother. But the latter had strong influences in his behalf at work with Grand Lodge officers, and a short time previous to the 1874 ses- sion of that body Grand Master Chapman issued another edict, restoring the brother to all rights and privileges in the lodge. This Increased the confusion and embittered all parties concerned. On the evening of April 23, 1874, Crescent Lodge was specially convened to consider this latest edict. 190 History Crescent Lodge After discussion the following preamble and reso- lutions were adopted, with but two dissenting votes, thirty-six brothers being present : Whereas, H P , once a member of this lodge, was tried by the lodge and convicted of gross un-Masonic conduct; and Whereas, An undue influence was exercised over the members of the lodge by the presence of the Grand Secretary and others of his friends at the time of said trial, for the purpose of obtain- ing a sentence altogether inadequate to the offense committed; and Whereas, By an edict of the late Grand Mas- ter disapproving of said sentence, the said H P was declared and now is suspended; and Whereas, The said H P has been tried by a court of the United States and con- victed of felony; and Whereas, Crescent Lodge has this day received an edict from the Grand Master ordering the Worshipful Master to restore the said H P to membership in said lodge, and to spread the said edict upon our records; and Whereas, The said edict has been issued with- out consulting us or ascertaining our wishes or re- garding our interests as a lodge; therefore Resolved, That we do hereby earnestly entreat the Grand Master to withdraw the said edict. Resolved, That it is our unanimous opinion, herein and hereby expressed, that enforcement of the terms and provisions of said edict will cause History Crescent Lodge 191 and consummate the ruin of Crescent Lodge, and will be a reproach to Masonry in this jurisdiction. Resolved, That we can not and will not suffer our beloved lodge to be polluted by the presence of a convicted felon, with whom it is beneath our dignity as Masons and good citizens to associate. Resolved, That we sincerely deplore the posi- tion into which we may be forced by measures so foreign to our interest and wishes, and dangerous to the future welfare of our lodge and the Craft in this vicinity. Resolved, That Crescent Lodge No. 25 has ever maintained an honorable position in the Masonic body; has labored long and faithfully to build up the Masonic temple, and to develop by precept and practice the tenets of our profession. Resolved, That the members of this lodge will ever maintain their integrity as men, even at the risk of being deprived of their rights, honors and privileges as Masons. Whoever will read understandingly the Grand Lodge proceedings for 1874 can even now esti- mate the influence brought to bear against the po- sition of Crescent Lodge. Never before nor since in reports made to the Grand body were so mSLny dissertations on Masonic law. The Grand Secre- tary was especially voluminous, and he exercised his editorial prerogative in preparing the volume of proceedings to omit all mention of this suspension, though all others for the year are named. But the challenge of the lodge, spurred thus to 192 History Crescent Lodge defiance by a total disregard of its wishes, was fairly delivered. However powerful the influence and however carefully the Masonic authorities of all time had been collated and compared, yet it was not deemed expedient to bring the affair for dis- cussion on floor of Grand Lodge. The temper of Crescent can further be judged by action taken on eve of Grand Lodge. At die regular communication of June i, 1874, it was — Resolved, That the sum of two hundred dollars (or so much thereof as may be necessary) be ap- propriated and an order drawn for the same, to defray the expenses of the delegation and counsel to Grand Lodge, in the matter now pending in which this lodge is interested. In the meantime, be it said, the edict of Grand Master Chapman, commanding restoration, had been withdrawn, with the understanding that the entire case should be referred to Grand Lodge. For the lodge there were present J. T. Hamil- ton, W. yi. ; A. R. West, proxy for Senior War- den, and George F. Benett, pro3cy for Junior War- den. It will be noticed, also, that Mt. Hermon Lodge also sent a full delegation to Grand Lodge, headed by Bro. C. W. Eaton, W. M. The sister lodge, knowing the facts, was loyal and devoted in support of our contention, and was prepared to support the same to any extremity. The opposition, however, in spite of reports and precedents, was attempting to " bluff " through an unwarranted action. We will not impugn personal JOHN T. HAMILTON Worshipful Master 1873-74-75; Past High Priest Trowel Chapter No. J9; Eminent Commander of Apollo Commandery No. 2B First History Crescent Lodge 193 motives, for it is natural for men to defend their own kin. Fortunately wise counsels prevailed at Grand Lodge, and a compromise was effected, which finally worked out to the satisfaction of all concerned, as will be shown later. It can be added here that the total expenses of the delegation and counsel to Grand Lodge went beyond appropriation, amounting to $255.00. The deficiency was ordered paid, without a word of criticism or fault-finding. Going back now to April 10, 1874, we find the lodge called on that date to make arrangements for the funeral of Bro. B. F. Boughton, formerly a member of Crescent Lodge. Pall-bearers were se- lected from among the older members of both local bodies, as follows : Crescent — John W. Hender- son, B. F. Howland, George L. Stearns. Mt. Her- mon— W. D. Watrous, H. B. Stibbs, M. A. Hig- ley. The funeral occurred on the 13th, from the residence of Mr. William Searles, interment at Oak Hill cemetery. Under date of June i, 1874, the following is of interest as concerning a neighboring lodge : Whereas, J. M. Terry and twelve others. Mas- ter Masons, have petitioned the Grand Lodge for a dispensation for a lodge at Fairfax, Linn county, Iowa; and Whereas, The said J. M. Terry and the twelve others have petitioned this lodge for our consent; therefore Resolved, That Crescent Lodge No. 25 does 194 History Crescent Lodge hereby give consent to the formation of the said new lodge, as aforesaid. The brothers who were thus the organizers of Fidelitas Lodge at Fairfax, and whose names are appended to the petition to Crescent Lodge were : J. M. Terry, A. M. Karr, J. S. McClure, John Downing, M. Fairchild, G. H. Sawer, J. De Vault, E. J. Boget, J. W. Homans, S. G. O. Homans, C. E. Homans. Necessity for this consent is explained by the statement that, under the law, as then in force, no new lodge could be established within ten miles of one already organized without obtaining such con- sent. This had been adopted while the state was young and sparsely settled and was then of good effect in newer portions of the commonwealth. Officers elected for the year 1874-75 were: John T. Hamilton, Worshipful Master. George M. Olmsted, Senior ^Yarden. Wm. H. Smouse, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Sam Neidig, Secretary. Amasa Mann, Senior Deacon. Henry Bennett, Jr., Junior Deacon. G. E. Cogswell, Senior Steward. G. W. Bagwell, Junior Steward. John O. Baxter, Organist. J. Rogers, Chaplain. A. J. Reber, Tyler. Following is a summary of work : Initiations — G. M. Bagwell, January 12, 1874; William Elsom, February 16, 1874. History Crescent Lodge 195 Passings — Frank C. Hormel, May 26, 1873; Henry Bennett, Jr., June 23, 1873; William El- som, March 16, 1874; G. M. Bagwell, April 13, 1874. Raisings — Henry Bennett, Jr., July 28, 1873; Frank C. Hormel, November 18, 1873; John Sea- nor, March 13, 1874; William Elsom, April 8, 1874. Admissions — John O. Baxter, May 19, 1873; G. E. Cogswell, November 10, 1873; Jacob Fox, January 5, 1874; P. W. Gifford, April 6, 1874. Demissions — M. W. Upton, June 16, 1873; ^■ J. Reber, July 14, 1873; S. A. Bowe, August 11, 1873; Thomas Herron, November 10, 1873; James Rollo, April 6, 1874. Suspensions (N. P. D.)— H. G. Angle, D. Bowling, Thomas Harriman, E. Suits, W. Thorn, John S. Wolf, William Walker. Decrease in membership more than equaled the increase, falling from eighty-seven to eighty-one. The Grand Lodge dues were $52.00. Here it becomes necessary to follow on with part of a year's work to square the records, Grand Lodge having changed the Masonic year. This embraces only officers elected and summary, cover- ing a portion of time included in succeeding chap- ter. The officers chosen were: George M. Olmsted, Worshipful Master. WiUiam H. Smouse, Senior Warden. Stockwell Liddle, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. 196 History Crescent Lodge Sam Neidig, Secretary. Thomas M. Giberson, Senior Deacon. Henry Bennett, Jr., Junior Deacon. G. E. Cogswell, Senior Steward. John Seanor, Junior Steward. A. J. Reber, Tyler. Summary of work to May i, 1875 : Initiations — S. W. Strong, May 18, 1874; William V. Reed, August 7, 1874; Thomas M. Giberson, September 7, 1874; Joseph Palmer, September 14, 1874; S. Magnus, October 12, 1874; Alexander Charles, January 4, 1875; Jo" seph Colcord, March 4, 1875. Passings — Thomas M. Giberson, October 5, 1874; S. Magnus and Alexander Charles, March 8, 1875. Raisings — G. M. Bagwell, May 11, 1874; Thomas M. Giberson, November 30, 1874; Al- exander Charles, April 12, 1875. Admissions — J. L. Sawyer, May 4, 1874; A. J. Reber, June i, 1874; H. A. Lyon and G. M. Curtis, July 6, 1874; Stockwell Liddle and John T. Liddle, August 3, 1874; B. F. Rogers, Septem- ber 28, 1874; N. D. Pope, January 25, 1875; P. S. Robertson, February 22, 1875; William Steen- son, March 22, 1875. Reinstatements — H. M. Parvin, February 13, 1875. Demissions — W W. Hamilton, December 28, 1874; H. M. Parvin, Febraary 22, 1875. Total membership, 93. Grand Lodge dues, $53.50. CHAPTER XII. 1875-1880. AT THE meeting of Crescent Lodge, held January 25, 1875, ^^^ heard the last of a matter which had caused so much disturbance. The earlier stages of the affair have been given suffi- cient mention in the preceding chapter. The fol- lowing resolution, at this meeting presented and adopted, is therefore self-explanatory : Cedar Rapids, Iowa, January 25, 1875. To the Worshipful Master and Wardens of Cres- cent Lodge No. 25, A. F. &' A. M.: The subscriber would respectfully submit : That at the last communication of the Grand Lodge of Iowa a mutual compact was signed by Crescent Lodge, of the first part, and H P and others, of the second part, wherein it was agreed that the said H P should remain sus- pended and should be so considered until such time as the said Crescent Lodge should at its own election think proper to move for his, the said H P 's reinstatement. That the intent and spirit of said agreement looked forward to some time when the said Cres- cent Lodge would think it right and just to move for such reinstatement. 198 History Crescent Lodge And the subscriber would also respectfully sub- mit that in his, the subscriber's, opinion, the time for such action on the part of Crescent Lodge has now arrived, and would present the following rea- sons in support of that opinion: That the said H P has been for a con- siderable time past in the employ of a respectable mercantile firm, who report that his conduct and habits have been, while in their employ, exemplary and good; That the said H P is now in a very precarious state of health, and that in the opinion of an eminent physician he cannot recover. In view of the above mentioned facts, which are proved by the subjoined correspondence, the sub- scriber would respectfully move that the Grand Master be requested to revoke the edict of suspen- sion now in force against the said H P , and that a demit be then granted the said H P i according to his petition. (Signed) G. F. Bennet. But the reading and recent discussion of the pe- tition just given has brought out a very interesting statement as to the brother signing the same. " Brother Bennet," says one who knew him inti- mately, " was a thorough-going Englishman. He loved a fight, but when his opponent was disarmed and at his mercy his was the very soul of chiv- alry. He was very stern and insistent to punish wrong-doing, but anything which savored of per- secution was abhorrent to him. I know of several instances when his influence was strong in the lodge, History Crescent Lodge 199 in which trouble was averted by his kindliness of spirit. One case, in particular, I recall, where a brother came to him, confessing wrong and ask- ing his advice. I know, too, that Bro. Bennet had intended to bring the matter before the lodge be- cause he believed this other was defiant. But the confession altered the case to his mind. It was a brother — an erring one — who sought his counsel. And that counsel was given in words and tones appealing to the best there was in his listener. The influence of the older man was sufficient to quiet all and to give the penitent opportunity to redeem himself without humiliation. That brother until this day has cause to bless the memoi-y of one who did not palliate his wrong, but forgave when he had reproved." On February 22 the Master and Wardens were appointed a committee to act conjointly with com- mittee from Mt. Hermon Lodge " in regard to re-leasing present lodge room, or procuring other quarters." Upon the same date edict was received from Grand Master Joseph Chapman setting aside and revoking the action of his predecessor, G. M. O. P. Waters, in suspension of H P . By the terms of this document, and with full consent of the lodge, Bro. H P was restored to all Masonic rights of which he had been deprived. A demit was immediately asked for and granted, thus closing a disagreeable incident. In the meantime more serious trouble was brew- ing. At the regular meeting of November 15, 1875, charges of a very serious and scandalous na- 200 History Crescent Lodge ture were preferred against Bro. James L. Enos. The exact nature of these it is here unnecessary to state. As the writer takes it this volume is not in- tended to set forth in detail such matters as can not beneficially inform the reader. About the faults of the dead we can draw the golden-edged curtains of charity, nor need we unnecessarily wound the susceptibihties of the hving. Even now, after all the years, we write with regret that one who so long had labored, and with effect, for Ma- sonry, should have forgotten his duties. This er- ring brother had achieved honor in the Grand Lodge of Iowa beyond that reached by any mem- ber of Crescent Lodge before or since. The trial of this case occurred at a called meeting held No- vember 27, fifty-five brethren being present. For the lodge, Bro. ¥. C. Hormel acted as prosecutor, Bro. Enos conducting his own defense. A very thorough inquiry was made into circumstances of the case and many witnesses were examined. Upon the various specifications a verdict of " guilty " was returned by the brethren. By a vote of thirty- nine to fifteen, sentence of expulsion was imposed. Thus, with the most severe penalty contemplated by Masonic law, was closed the craft career of one to whom the lodge and Masonry in Cedar Rapids owed much. At the meeting of December 13 the lodge was reminded of a debt contracted in entertaining brethren from abroad earlier in the year. This brief item puts us upon trace of what was a very important event to the local fraternity. Very early GKOKGE M. OLMSTED Worshipful Master in l.-7i; History Crescent Lodge 201 In the year 1875 the Cedar Rapids Republican, mentioning the beginning of work on the new Uni- versahst church, suggested that its corner-stone be laid with Masonic ceremonies. And, by the way, we may here digress to note a regular Masonic department, excellently conducted by Bro. J. L. Enos, which appeared weekly In the Republican of that time. The suggestion thus made was re- ceived with favor. A joint meeting of both lodges was held June 11, at which time committees were appointed as follows : Invitation — J. L. Enos, J. T. Hamilton, George R. Skinner. Arrangements — B. F. Rogers, A. Mann, W. H. Pettibone, F. J- Upton, A. V. Eastman. Reception — A. R. West, A. Charles, J. L. Enos, G. L. Stearns, G. R. Skinner, T. Z. Cook, O. C. L. Jones, J. C. Adams. Marshal— T. Z. Cook. These committees, representing the two lodges, began active work and carried the arrangements to a very satlsfactoi-y conclusion. The corner stone was duly laid July i, 1875. Nearly six hundred Masons from surrounding towns had signified in- tention to attend, but unpleasant weather cut down the number. Large delegations were present from Dubuque, Farley, Davenport, Monticello, Ana- mosa, Marion and Shellsburg, while other lodges sent representatives. The procession moved in a heavy rain, and as a consequence this was cut short. A triumphal arch, beautiful with flowers, had been erected on Park (Third) avenue, and under this 202 History Crescent Lodge all passed to reach the site of the church. The full list of acting Grand Officers on this occasion was as follows : E. A. Guilbert, P. G. M., Dubuque, Grand Mas- ter. Rev. A. Countryman, Dubuque, Deputy Grand Master. J. L. Enos, P. S. G. W., Cedar Rapids, Senior Grand Warden. Rev. B. F. Snook, Marion, Grand Chaplain. A. C. Barry, D. D., Wisconsin, Grand Orator. George R. Skinner, Cedar Rapids, Senior Grand Deacon. E. Lake, Cedar Rapids, Junior Grand Deacon. Col. T. Z. Cook, Cedar Rapids, Grand Mar- shal. W- D. W^atrous, Cedar Rapids, Grand Sword Bearer. John Hopkins, Marengo, Grand Standard Bearer. A. B. Dowel and N. H. Hays, Vinton, Grand Stewards. A. J. Reber, Cedar Rapids, Grand Tyler. At the close of these public exercises the visitors were invited to Masonic Hall, where Mt. Hermon Lodge was opened and third degree conferred. The evening ended with a reception tendered by ladies of the Universalist congregation. Refreshments were served and speech-making followed. To the sentiment, " Ancient Free Masonry," Rev. A. Countryman of Dubuque responded. James L. History Crescent Lodge 203 Enos gave fitting thanks to " Our Invited Guests." " The Ladies of the Church," found eloquent spokesman in A. R. West, and Past Grand Master Guilbert had agreeable and adequate subject in " The Universal Brotherhood of Man." Another event of the year 1875, which should receive at least passing mention in this volume, was organization of Apollo Commandery No. 26, Knights Templar. This event occurred December 2, the commandery being instituted by Grand Com- mander O. P. Waters, of Muscatine. More than one hundred Knights from outside the city participated in the ceremonies. The parade of uni- formed men connected with a fraternity was a new spectacle for Cedar Rapids, and attracted much attention. An elaborate banquet was served during the evening at the Pullman House. At regular communication held on April 10, 1876, Bro. H. G. Angle petitioned for reinstate- ment, and was received back into membership. Bro. Angle's name was for many years associated with public affairs in Cedar Rapids and Linn county. He was one of the early business men of the town, and had gained political and social prom- inence in the community. He was especially act- ive in causes by which good citizenship and morals were to be promoted. For a number of years he represented Linn county in the state senate. At the same meeting officers were elected for the year 1876-77, as follows: A. R. West, Worshipful Master. Thomas M. Giberson, Senior Warden. 204 History Crescent Lodge Gold S. Pettit, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Sam Neidig, Secretary. The appointive officers selected by the Master were: John O. Baxter, Senior Deacon. Henry Bennett, Jr., Junior Deacon. Alexander Charles, Senior Steward. P. S. Robertson, Junior Steward. A. J. Reber, Tyler. The synopsis of work and other affairs of the lodge for the Masonic year ending May i, 1876, is as follows : Initiated — Frank Witousek, September 20, 1875- Passed — Joseph Colcord, May 31, 1875; George E. Palmer, October 26, 1875 ! Frank Wit- ousek, December 7, 1875. Raised — S. Magnus, May 3, 1875; Joseph Col- cord, September 17, 1875 '■> George E. Palmer, No- vember 24, 1875; Frank Witousek, December 15, 1875. Admitted — R. H. Jones, June 21, 1875; D. H. Knox, July 19, 1875, F. H. Phipps, October 18, 1875; C. C. Gibson, January 17, 1876. Reinstated — F. Harriman, July 19, 1875; Henry G. Angle, April 17, 1876. Demitted — G. M. Bagwell, May 24, 1875; F. Harriman, July 19, 1875. Expelled — James L. Enos, November 27, 1875. Dues were remitted for Bro. C. P. Gilklson, on account of poverty and sickness. History Crescent Ltdge 205 Total of gain for the year was eleven — four raised, five admitted and two reinstated. Two were demitted and one expelled. The total mem- bership was, at close of the year, loi. The total of Grand Lodge dues aggregated $55.50. 1 876-1 877 — By the time now reached Crescent Lodge had settled to a period of undisturbed Ma- sonic life. While the city of Cedar Rapids was beginning a new and more substantial growth, yet its people were affected by scarcity of money for even pressing requirements. As a consequence but few petitions were brought into the lodge and meetings were limited to the regular communica- tions. From entries of the records we can take but few that warrant transcription. At the regular installation of officers, June 12, Bros. Thomas M. Giberson and Alexander Charles were unable to be present. Law then required a special dispensation to install at any other time. In consequence there was read and entered on the records of Jul)^ 10, the following from the Grand Master: " To all to whom these presents may come — Greet- ing: " Know ye, that for good and sufficient reasons laid before me, I, Henry W. Rothert, Grand Mas- ter of Masons in Iowa, do hereby authorize and empower Bro. A. R. West to install the Senior Warden-elect and the Senior Steward appointed of Crescent Lodge No. 25, A. F. & A. M., at the regular meeting of said lodge to be held on July 10, 1876. 2o6 History Crescent Lodge " This my order to be read in open lodge and made a matter of record. " Henry W. Rothert, " Grand Master." At the meeting of December 4 Crescent Lodge lost by demission one of its Past Masters in the person of Bro. George F. Bennet. This brother had proven his Masonic qualities in many positions and under some trying conditions. The biograph- ical sketch which appears elsewhere in this volume reveals some things of his labors for the craft, which were continued after his removal from Cedar Rapids. At the same time there was re- ceived petition of one who afterwards compen- sated for the loss. This was E. A. Charles. With- in a few years, as these pages will show, he became Worshipful Master of the lodge and later was Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. January i, 1877, Bro. W. J. Pickering, late of Covenant Lodge No. 526 of Illinois, petitioned for admission. He was elected to membership Febru- ary 5, and at the same time asked for demit. This is perhaps the record In Crescent for brevity of membership. In minutes of this same date note Is made of protest by a brother of Mt. Hermon Lodge against the conferring of degrees upon one elected by the members of Crescent. This was evidently consid- ered an unwarranted interference, and upon mo- tion the lodge voted to disregard the protest. On Tuesday, March 27, 1877, ^ sad purpose History Crescent Lodge 207 called the brothers of Crescent Lodge together. This was to attend the funeral of Bro. Benjamin Darnell. A " Lodge of Sorrow " it is called in the record, a term we would hardly apply at pres- ent. Bro. A. R. West officiated as W. M., Bro. John O. Baxter as Marshal and Bro. E. O. Edson Tyler. Religious services of the occasion were un- der conduct of Bro. the Rev. E. K. Fawcett. It would appear that Bro. Darnell, while for many years resident of Cedar Rapids and being quite prominent in the life of the community, had not affiliated with the lodge for some time. But at that time the lines were not so closely drawn as at pres- ent, and Masonic burial or Masonic charity was not confined to those who could show a receipt for dues paid during current year. Officers for the ensuing year were installed June 23, 1877, ^s follows: John O. Baxter, Worshipful Master. Stockwell Liddle, Senior Warden. William Elsom, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Henry Bennett, Jr., Secretary. George M. Olmsted, Senior Deacon. P. S. Robertson, Junior Deacon. A. J. Reber, Tyler. The report of work to May i, 1877, shows: Initiations — Charles L. Mullen, July 18, 1876; E. Matschke, March 8, 1877. Passings — Charles L. Mullen, September 1 1 , 1876; W. O. McClain, December 11, 1876. 2o8 History Crescent Lodge Raisings — Charles L. Mullen, October 23, 1876; W. O. McClain, March 13, 1877. Admissions — N. D. Pope, June 25, 1876; G. H. Engelman, July 10, 1876; W. J. Pickering, February 5, 1877; N. Greene, April 2, 1877. Reinstatements — Gabriel Carpenter, March 27, 1877. Demissions — B. F. Rogers, June 12, 1876; George F. Bennet, December 4, 1876; D. H. Knox, February' 5, 1877; W. J. Pickering, Febru- ary 5, 1877. Suspensions — October 16, 1876: Gabriel Car- penter, J. M. Canfield, E. M. Crandell, J. Cher- ney, Joseph Calder, Samuel Hemmings, T. M. D. Harvey, Wesley Kilbourn, J. L. Sawyer. During this year the total increase in member- ship of Crescent Lodge was seven, but against this, what with demissions and suspensions, the decrease was thirteen, bringing total of membership again to 95. Total sum of Grand Lodge dues was $56.50. 1 877-1 878 — Evidence that Cedar Rapids had now gone beyond the village stage of existence was furnished by action taken July 2, 1877, to amend by-laws as to time of regular meeting. Hereto- fore it had been " first Monday after full moon." But artificial illumination now lighted the steps of brethren after lodge, and " First Monday in each calendar month " was substituted, and has since remained as the time for regular communications. Reference has been made to assistance given Bro. C. P. Gilkison, a member of Crescent LodgCv JOHN OWEN BAXTER Worshipful 'Master in 1878-79; Past High Priest Trowel Chapter No. 49; Past Eminent Commander of Apollo Commandery No. 2U History Crescent Lodge 209 then living at Anamosa. For some time the sum of $12.50 had been given each month to supply his needs. But now the lodge, weak numerically and with other calls upon its charity, had nearly reached the limit of its resources. July 30 it was resolved to discontinue such payments after two months, and that Bro. Gilkinson be so notified. Yet the necessities of an unfortunate made appeal too strong to be disregarded, notwithstanding cold- blooded resolutions. When the time specified had passed we find the members personally subscribing for a relief fund, and again, as funds were availa- ble, making liberal appropriations. And so con- tinued until Bro. Gilkison, worn with sickness and misfortune, passed to the quiet grave. Expediency of improving the financial condition of the lodge prompted appointment of a commit- tee consisting of Bros. George L. Stearns, Thomas M. Giberson and J. L. Billau, " to devise an en- tertainment for the benefit of the treasury." Evi- dently this was not judged feasible, for there is no mention of report made by the committee, nor have the city newspapers any note of such enter- tainment. December 10, 1877, the following resolution, presented by Bro. A. R. West, was adopted: " Whereas, Bro. Dyer Usher is one of the old- est, if not the oldest member of Crescent Lodge; and " Whereas, Bro. Usher's health is failing, and is and has been so poor for a long time as, together 14 210 History Crescent Lodge with the distance he has to come, to render it im- possible for him to attend lodge; therefore " Resolved, In consideration of the above facts, that the amount of Bro. Usher's unpaid dues be re- mitted, and that no dues shall in future be required to be paid by him." The communication of December 21, 1877, seemed to have been dominated by the spirit of Christmas-time. The meeting was called, so stated the Master, to consider the cases of need or desti- tution in the city, and especially in families of poor Master Masons or deceased brothers. A number of such cases were mentioned. A subscription was at once opened for a Christmas charity fund. The disbursement of this was to be under supervision of a joint committee, consisting of the Worshipful Masters of Crescent and Mt. Hermon Lodges. The sum of $105.00 was raised in the hall, more than half of which was paid in cash. Again a funeral lodge was held January 26, 1878, and again to perform the last sad rites over the body of a sojourning brother. This was Bro. W. F. Kitteridge. A committee — Bros. A. V. Eastman, Henry Bennett and J. G. Graves — pre- pared and presented suitable memorial resolutions. A copy of these was sent to Independence Lodge No. 80, Milwaukee, ^Yisconsin, of which body Bro. Kitteridge had been a member. Receipt of these brought back a reply which Is worthy of re- production here, as showing proper Masonic sen- timent and illustrating the fact that the craft is one at heart. The communication reads: History Crescent Lodge 211 "Milwaukee, March 15, 1878. "At a regular communication of Independence Lodge No. 80, A. F. & A. M., held this (Friday) evening, the committee appointed to draft resolu- tions expressing the thanks of this lodge to the fraternity at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for their kind- ness to our late brother, W. F. Kitteridge, reported the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : " Whereas, We have learned from Bro. J. O. Baxter, W. M., of Crescent Lodge No. 25, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, that during the long and fatal illness of our late worthy brother, W. F. Kitter- idge, he was the recipient of many kindnesses, both pecuniary and fraternal, at the hands of our es- teemed brethren at that place; and " Whereas, It is meet that we should express in a proper manner our acknowledgments for the very generous aid rendered our deceased brother and his bereaved family; therefore " Resolved, That the grateful thanks of Inde- pendence Lodge No. 80 be and are hereby ten- dered to our worthy Brother J. O. Baxter, W. M., of Crescent Lodge No. 25, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and through him to the members of the fra- ternity of that place for the manifold kindnesses and generous aid rendered our late brother, W. F. Kitteridge, and his family; and " Resolved, That we shall ever hold in grateful remembrance the brethren of Cedar Rapids." This funeral gave rise to a protest against the presence of a non-affiliated Mason in the proces- sion and at the lodge room. This matter was re- 212 History Crescent Lodge f erred to the Junior Warden (Bro. William El- som). He was instructed " if the charges are suf- ficiently substantial to prefer charges in his official capacity, and as soon as practicable, against the brother of whom complaint is made." Bro. Elsom was never hasty in arriving at a conclusion. He investigated and deliberated upon the affair for two months, finally reporting that no good cause existed why charges should be preferred. And here the matter ended. Grand Lodge was to hold its thirty-fifth annual communication in Cedar Rapids in June, and it behooved the local brethren to make early prepara- tion for the reception and entertainment of their guests. March 4 a resolution was adopted, pro- viding that " the Worshipful Master, Junior War- den and Secretary be appointed a committee to prepare a statement or programme for the accom- modation of Grand Lodge in June, and that Mt. Hermon Lodge be requested to appoint a like com- mittee to co-operate therein." Again on March 25 the lodge was convened " to meet the M. W. Grand Master, Z. C. Luse, and the R. W. Grand Secretary, T. S. Parvin, who are visiting our city to see what arrangements have been made by the committees of the lodges appointed to prepare for accommodation of the Grand Lodge." Report on these arrangements was made by Bro. W. J. Chris- ler, W. M. of Mt. Hermon Lodge. The reception committee appointed from Cres- cent Lodge was composed of Bros. John T. Ham- ilton, A. R. West, William Elsom, George L. History Crescent Lodge 213 Stearns, Thomas Devendorf, B. F. Howland and James L. Bever. On May 6, 1878, Bro. Alexander Laurance, who had been appointed by the lodge to settle up the estate of John Watson, a Master Mason who died in Cedar Rapids during March, 1877, made report. After disposing of all effects the amount of $9.40 was still due for funeral expenses. This bill was shared equally between the two lodges. Election of officers for the Masonic year 1878- 79 resulted in choice of the following brothers : John O. Baxter, Worshipful Master. William Elsom, Senior Warden. George L. Stearns, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Henry Bennett, Jr., Secretary. C. L. Mullen, Senior Deacon. George Beck,, Junior Deacon. Robert T. Jones, Senior Steward. H. C. Morehead, Junior Steward. Gold S. Pettit, Tyler. Before the time of installation Bro. Elsom left the state and dispensation was secured to elect for the vacancy. Bro. James Huff was accordingly elected Senior W^arden. The year's work Is thus summarized : Initiations — Robert T. Jones, January 21, 1878; A. B. Everett, March 18, 1878. Passings — E. Matschke, July 2, 1877; Robert T. Jones, February 18, 1878. Raisings — ^E. Matschke, September 3, 1877; Robert T. Jones, April 3, 1878. 214 History Crescent Lodge Admissions — Samuel Whitney, November 5, 1877; W. S. Smith, Jr., December 3, 1877. Reinstatements — E. S. Hill, February 5, 1878; George W. Waldron, February 11, 1878. Deaths — George W. Lyon, December i, 1877. Demissions — L. E. Jenkins, November 5, 1877; George W. Messenger, December 3, 1877; H. E. Witwer, January 7, 1878; David Wormley, April I, 1878. Suspensions — E. S. Hill and A. R. Westcott, December 10, 1877; D. R. Scott and George W. Waldron, January 7, 1878. There was a net loss of two in membership of the lodge for the year ending May i, 1878, the total standing at 93. Grand Lodge dues also showed a reduction, amounting to $52.50. 1 878-1 879 — Principal events of this Masonic year gathered about the annual meeting of Grand Lodge, which convened in this city June 4, 1878. M. W. Zephaniah C. Luse was Grand Master, and with him and other Grand Officers were the representatives of 286 chartered lodges in Iowa. Address of welcome on behalf of the craftsmen of Cedar Rapids was made by Past Junior Grand Warden A. R. West of Crescent Lodge, to which Grand Master Luse responded. Music for occa- sions of the session was furnished by Brothers J. O. Baxter, E. Bliss, G. E. and C. H. Cogswell. Installation of officers was held in Greene's Opera House, to which the Grand Lodge marched from headquarters hotel under escort of Apollo Com- mandery No. 26, K. T., Sir Knight James Morton, History Crescent Lodge 215 Eminent Commander. Crescent held sessions on the evenings of June 3, 4 and 5, the first date being regular communication of the lodge. On the 4th Andrew J. Martin was initiated as an Entered Apprentice, and the next evening the Master Ma- son's degree was conferred upon Bro. A. B. Ev- erett. On both these occasions work was per- formed by the custodians and other visiting brothers. The cry of distress has never been unheeded in Crescent Lodge. At the meeting of September 2, 1879, the Secretary forwarded to the Grand Sec- retary of Louisiana the sum of $10.00 for the re- lief of brethren who might be sufferers from the great yellow fever epidemic of that year. Other Iowa lodges were equally prompt and liberal upon this occasion, and joined with Masons of the world in bringing aid and encouragement to stricken brethren. During this year a matter arose which proved annoying rather than troublesome. This was no less a disturbance than the establishment of a clan- destine lodge in this city. The trial and expulsion of James L. Enos has already been noted in its proper place. To this man, skilled beyond all his immediate fellows in things of the craft, Masonry was as an essential to his being. Cast out because of his misdeeds, he conceived the idea of starting an organization, the illegitimacy of which he well understood. This he named St. John's Lodge No. I. Mr. Enos was known in the town as a promi- nent Mason, and it is not likely that his expulsion 2l6 History Crescent Lodge was matter of general knowledge. He placed fees for conferring the three degrees at $15.00, and had little difficulty in inducing some twelve or fif- teen persons to join his spurious body. First men- tion of this body and its operations is found in the records of Crescent Lodge for January 13, 1879. At that time a committee consisting of Bros. John O. Baxter, James Huff and Henry Ben- nett were appointed " to confer with a like commit- tee from Mt. Hermon Lodge and to investigate the matter of a clandestine lodge of Masons or- ganized in this city by James L. Enos, an expelled Mason, and to report the result of their Investiga- tion to a meeting of the lodges." On the subject of this report our records are silent, and those of Mt. Hermon Lodge for that time have been de- stroyed or lost. But it is otherwise ascertained that a meeting of both lodges was held, at which the joint committee reported that such clandestine lodge, and also a bogus chapter of Royal Arch Masons, had been established in the city, and the membership therein had been partially ascertained. It was decided to inform the public of the illegiti- macy of these bodies, that no others might join be- cause of ignorance of their character. This was a sufficient preventive, and St. John's Lodge No. i and its accompanying chapter soon passed to the limbo of things fraudulent and deceptive. But first, because of this, Crescent had to admin- ister discipline severe but deserved. An Entered Apprentice of the lodge, having failed to pass bal- lot for advancement, was Induced to petition and THOMAS M. GIBERSON Member History Committee; Worshipful Master 1880^1881; Past High Priest Trowel Chapter No. 49, and Present Worthy Patron Cedar Chapter No. 184, O.E. S. History Crescent Lodge 217 receive second and third degrees in this unlawful body. And this not in ignorance, for he admitted knowledge of the character of the so-called lodge. In the trial held Bro. John T. Hamilton conducted the prosecution. The Entered Apprentice, having been cited, did not appear, and Bro. Joseph S. An- derson was appointed to safeguard rights of the accused. The evidence was clear and convincing of wilful violation of Masonic law, and expulsion was the just verdict of the lodge. To finish with this subject it may be said that another brother, a Master Mason and member of Crescent Lodge, was suspected of having some connection with this clandestinism. But thorough investigation having been made, it was found that such suspicions were unfounded. Officers elected April 7, 1879, for the ensuing Masonic year were : Thomas AI. Giberson, \Yorshipful Master. William H. Smouse, Senior Warden. Edgar A. Charles, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Henr)- Bennett, Secretar)'. Appointive officers are thus named: C. L. Mullen, Senior Deacon. Robert T. Jones, Junior Deacon. A. B. Everett, Senior Steward. Alexander Charles, Junior Steward. William H. Thompson, Tyler. The installation, occurring June 17, 1879, was a joint affair with Mt. Hermon Lodge. Bro. A. 21 8 History Crescent Lodge R. West, installing officer, and Bro. George R. Skinner, Marshal. Summary of work for the year thus ended shows as follows: Initiations — Andrew J. Martin, June 4, 1878; WiUiam A. Gairns, July 8, 1878; C. C. Cook, August 14, 1878; Edgar A. Charles, October 14, 1878. Passings — A. B. Everett, May 6, 1878; An- drew J. Martin, July 29, 1878 ; Edgar A. Charles, November 11, 1878. Raisings — A. B. Everett, June 5, 1878; An- drew J. Martin, September 22, 1878; Edgar A. Charles, January 13, 1879. Admissions — Samuel Ringgold, May 6, 1878; Edward L. Day and James Huff, June 3, 1878; F. L. Sherwood, January 6, 1879; Henry Erff- meyer, April 7, 1879. Reinstatements — A. R. Westcott, December 10, 1878; J. M. Canfield, January 6, 1879. Deaths — ^T. E. Ruch, October 13, 1878. Demissions — A. J. Reber, May 6, 1878; F. F. Dana, August 5, 1878; W. O. McClain and Stockwell Liddle, September 2, 1878; A. Kling, November 4, 1878; John H. Ray, March 3, 1879. A gain of three in membership is noted, but an error detected in returns of previous year made total but two above the previous figures, there being 98 members in good standing May i, 1879. History Crescent Lodge 219 Grand Lodge dues on work and membership, $54.00. 1 879-1 880. — It is evident that Masons were "worked" then, as now, on strength of their affiliations. We find the Secretary of Crescent Lodge instructed "not to give a list of the mem- bers of this lodge to anyone applying for the same for the purpose of canvassing, or for the sale of any article, or for any kind of subscription, or for any other purpose than purely Masonic work." We find also that the lodges of this city are owners of a cemetery lot. This information comes from an entry made May 5, 1879, wherein it is stated that Crescent paid half of the sum of $30.00 for such lot, Mt. Hermon paying an equal amount. This was purchased more than a year before to provide a burial place for the body of Bro. Kitteridge, of Milwaukee. At the meeting just mentioned a proposal was made to amend by-laws of the lodge, reducing the fees for degrees. This was referred to a committee, instructed to consult with a like com- mittee from Mt. Hermon Lodge. Report was made at next regular, and upon recommendation of this joint committee it was decided to make no change in amount of fees. Bro. Rob. Morris, of Kentucky, the traveler and Masonic poet, was in Iowa during the year 1879 pushing his peculiar views on the "work." Some economically-minded brother who yet wished for entertainment made motion that "the Secre- tary be instructed to confer with the Secretary 220 History Crescent Lodge of Mt. Hermon Lodge in relation to inviting Rob. Morris to lecture before the brethren, pro- vided that there is no expense attached to it other than heating and lighting the lodge room." The distinguished Mason accepted the invitation and delivered his lecture on the "Holy Land," at a special meeting held November 17, 1879. Though the record is silent upon the point, we are otherwise informed that a collection was taken to remunerate the lecturer. On October 16, 1879, death called from earthly labor Bro. Ephraim S. Hill of Crescent Lodge. The funeral occurred on the i8th, under direction of the Masonic bodies, and was very largely at- tended. Bro. Hill was a prominent figure in the city, and had long been identified with its busi- ness interests. He was mayor of Cedar Rapids in 1872. Following this term he served as chief of the local fire department, and to him was given much credit for efficiency and thorough organiza- tion of the old volunteers. A writer of the time thus sums up his qualifications: "A scholar, a man of more than ordinary natural ability, gentle- manly in intercourse with his fellows, earnest in all his undertakings, and a most efficient business man, he has been indeed useful in his generation, and has done much to forward the interests of our city." He was besides an active temperance worker, and at time of his death was president of the Cedar Rapids Reform Club. The remains were followed to the grave in Oak Hill cemetery by the Masonic fraternity, the mayor and city History Crescent Lodge 221 council, the fire department, members of the Re- form Club and a long procession of citizens. Question of concurrent jurisdiction as between lodges was differently construed at that time than now. A petition presented to Crescent Lodge was refused, on ground that the petitioner had previously been rejected in Mt. Hermon Lodge, and therefore remained the material of that body. At the meeting of November 3, 1879, there was presented petition for affiliation from Bro. Zelotus Farr, bringing demit from Valley Lodge No. 60, of Sparta, Wisconsin. This is given spe- cial mention because of the fact that for so many years, and until time of his death, Bro. Farr guarded the outer door for all the Masonic bodies meeting in Cedar Rapids. Very many of us have cause to remember the old man for cheery greeting and wholesome counsel when as neophytes we en- tered the Tyler's room. A very pleasant event was the reception ten- dered by Crescent Lodge in behalf of all Masons in the city, to the M. W. Grand Master, Bro. A. C. Abbott, January 29, 1880. Nor should we pass without mentioning the death of Bro. T. Z. Cook, which occurred Decem- ber 25, 1879. It is true that Bro. Cook had been for some years a member of the sister lodge, but he had long previously been upon the roster of Crescent. He was Senior Warden and Acting Master of our body when at head of the first mili- tary company raised in Linn county he left Cedar 222 History Crescent Lodge Rapids for the battlefields of the South. He served gallantly in the brief campaign which ended at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, where he and his men shared in all the honors of the First Iowa Regiment. His military ability brought him speedy promotion as Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighteenth Iowa. He was a gallant soldier, a clean-handed man of affairs, a devoted friend and a true Mason. Election of officers was held April 5, 1880, choice of the brethren being as follows: Thomas M. Giberson, Worshipful Master. Charles L. Mullen, Senior Warden. P. S. Robertson, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. Henry Bennett, Secretary. Henry Erffmeyer, Senior Deacon. John Buchanan, Junior Deacon. D. D. Frazee, Senior Steward. E. W. S. Otto, Junior Steward. Zelotus Farr, Tyler. Summary of work for year ending May i, 1880: Initiations — Charles F. Luberger and W. K. Taylor, July 7, 1879; J- B- Smouse, July 14, 1878; Charles J. Fox, July 21, 1879; D. D. Frazee, February 2, 1880; H. B. Soutter and C. B. Keeler, February 10, 1880; E. H. Meyers, April 21, 1880. Passings — Charles F. Luberger and W. K. Taylor, August 4, 1879; J. B. Smouse, August 11, History Crescent Lodge 223 1879; D. D. Frazee, H. B. Soutter and C. B. Keeler, March 8, 1880; W. A. Gairns, April 21, 1880. Raisings — J. B. Smouse, September 8, 1879; W. K. Taylor, October 6, 1879; Charles F. Luberger, November 10, 1879; C. B. Keeler, April 13, 1880; D. D. Frazee and H. B. Soutter, April 26, 1880. Admissions — Adolphus Linn, George B. Engle, Jr., A. Youngkin, October 6, 1879; Charles B. Shipton, November 3, 1879; Edmund M. Sawyer and Zelotus Farr, December i, 1879; S. T. Wig- gins, January 5, 1880; John Buchanan, February 2, 1880; F. F. Dana, March i, 1880. Reinstatements — WiUiam Walker, October 6, 1879. Deaths — Ephraim S. Hill, October 16, 1879. Demissions — Henry G. Angle, June 2, 1879; Jacob A. Hildebrand and Joseph A. Colcord, July 7, 1879; William Elsom and C. W. Burton, October 6, 1879. Suspensions — William Steenson, H. C. More- head, M. T. Bell, S. M. Probst and Henry Ben- nett, Sr., November 3, 1879. For the year the total increase was sixteen, with loss of eleven, the total number of members stand- ing at exactly one hundred. Grand Lodge dues for the year reached a total of $60.00. CHAPTER XIII. 1880-1885. 1880-1 88 1 — Crescent Lodge entered upon the new decade with a total membership of nine- ty-nine, and from thence its growth in numbers be- came more marked. At the session of Grand Lodge held at Daven- port June 7, 1 88 1, it does not appear that this lodge had any representative in attendance, nor does there appear in the proceedings for the year any reference to local Masonic affairs. Hence with no other guide we could be certain that the Craft here dwelt in harmony and were in all things observant of the law. Evidently some of the Masonic lodges of the country covered a wide range in their activities, some of the subjects in which they were interested appearing to us now as without the province of the fraternity. Thus on May 3, 1880, a communica- tion was received from lodge at Red Wing, Minn., asking for aid to build a church, which was placed on file. The local brethren doubtless did their full share individually in building and supporting churches at home, and did not feel called upon as a lodge to aid in this laudable work elsewhere. There was at that time a lodge in Solon, which owing to limited population within its jurisdiction WILLIAM H. SMOUSE Worshipful Master in 1882 History Crescent Lodge 225 was hard pressed for material. June 7th the brethren there asEed that Crescent Lodge waive jurisdiction over a citizen of Cedar Rapids and allow him to petition at Solon. This request was very properly denied. Two brothers, who had been charter members of Crescent Lodge, and through the years had been prominent in the councils of the Craft, passed away during the year under review. These were Bro. George Greene, whose death occurred June 23, 1880, and Bro. N. B. Brown, who departed this Hfe September 16, 1886. Neither of these brothers were members of Crescent Lodge, having joined with others in the establishment of Mt. Hermon. But as was fitting both lodges and their memberships united to do honor to the memory' of these old and worthy Craftsmen. Details of their lives and labors are given in the chapter of this work devoted to charter members of the lodge. At the stated communication of September 6 an amendment to the by-laws was proposed, strik- ing out that section which provided that "the fee for membership shall be $2.00, to accompany the petition." At the November meeting this was adopted. The idea of preparing a lodge history has long been favored by local brethren. Thus m the rec- ord of February 7, 1881, we read: "A committee, consisting of Bros. A. R. West, E. H. Meyers, W. H. Smouse and Henry Ben- nett, was appointed to look up matter of cost of compiling names of members since the organiza- 226 History Crescent Lodge tion of Crescent Lodge, and writing a short synop- sis of the history of the lodge." There is no mention made of any report having been presented by this committee, nor do the living members thereof have any clear remembrance of the results of their inquiries. It was unfortunate that the matter was not then pressed to perform- ance. Many events of the past were then to be sought out and recovered which now are lost be- yond recovery. The threads of personal recollec- tions, since snapped by death, would then have carried back the story with greater fullness and accuracy than is now possible. "We found the early records of the lodge destroyed," says one member of the committee named, "and did not be- lieve it possible to reconstruct the missing period, at least not within such limit of cost as the lodge could then affoi'd." March 13, 1881, the lodge was called upon to accompany to the grave the mortal remains of Bro. Gabriel Carpenter, another of the worthies having honored name among the pioneers. Again on April i death called Bro. Jere Lynch from among the Craftsmen. Still another loss was thus sustained during the year, Bro. C. P. Gilkison on May 29, 1880, yielding to the destroyer after long struggle with sickness and misfortune. Frequent notes in the minutes indicate that time was spent after business of regular meetings in social enjoyment and brotherly intercourse. We are informed by those who were then regular at- tendants, that these meetings were looked forward History Crescent Lodge 227 to with glad anticipation and long remembered as pleasant occasions. It is the natural tendency of age to magnify things of more buoyant and active years, hence we can pardon one of our more an- cient brethren who compared those past gatherings with meetings of the present time, somewhat un- favorably to these latter. "The lodge was smaller then," he said, "and the members were better ac- quainted Avith each other and more closely drawn together. I think that to be a Mason meant more then than now, because the strength of the broth- erly tie was more apparent." The election of officers for the year 1880-1881 was held April 4, 1881, resulting in choice of the following brethren: Wm. H. Smouse, Worshipful Master. P. S. Robertson, Senior Warden. Henry Erffmeyer, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. D. D. Frazee, Secretary. The appointive officers were : Charles Grosjean, Senior Deacon. J. B. Smouse, Junior Deacon. Oscar Solomon, Senior Steward. H. Rademecker, Junior Steward. Z. Farr, Tyler. Of these latter offices that of Senior Deacon was unfilled for some time, until finally Bro. Gros- jean, who did not receive the Master Mason's de- gree until August 8, 1881, was appointed, almost at once after his raising. 228 History Crescent Lodge A recapitulation oi the yeat's work is as follows : Initiations— J. C. Tindall and Geo. W. Whitfe- rrian, June 28, 1880; John Morgan, October 12, 1880; D. H. De Gear, October 12, 1880; Oscar Sblomon, November 8, 1880. Passings — E. H. Meyers, May 10, 1880; Geo. W. Whiteman, September 27, 1880; Oscar Sol- omon, February 14, 1881; D. H. De Gear, April II, 1881. Raisings — W. A. Gairns, June 14, 1880; E. H. Meyers, July 12, 1880; Geo. W. Whiteman, December 13, 1880; Oscar Solomon, March 16, 1 88 1. Admissions — J. R. Amidon and Jere Lynch, June 7, 1880; J. W. Augsbury, December 8, 1880. Reinstatements — Morgan Parks, December 8, 1880. (Suspended in 1866.) Deaths — Gabriel Carpenter, March 10, 1881; C. P. Gilkison, May 29, 1880; Jere Lynch, April I, 1881. Demissions — George M. Olmsted, August 2, 1880; Morgan Parks, February 7, 1881. 1 881-1882 — After much investigation of rooms available the lodge at its regular of June 6, 188 1, resolved, in conjunction with the other local Ma- sonic bodies, to accept new lease of lodge hall at the corner of First avenue and Second street, for a' term of five years, with privilege of renewal for a like term. The occupancy of these quarters necessitated new furnishings. At the meeting of September 5 a committee was appointed to cori- History Crescent Lodge 3^9 sider the financial condition of the io4ge, and to estimate Crescent's share, in the expense of refur- nishing. This committee at the next regular meet- ing made report. From this it appears that the Treasurer held $276.26 in cash and that $335,.90 of dues were outstanding. The total cost of neces- sary refurnishiqgs was estimated at from $800.00 to $1200.00, of which amount Crescent's share would be one-fourth, so far as was to be expended in preparation room, committee room and kitchen, and one-sixth of the amount for parlor. Red Cross and main hall rooms. Bros. W. H. Smouse, Wor- shipful Master; P. S. Robertson, Senior Warden and Past Master T. M. Giberson were appointed "to act in conjunction with committees from the other bodies, and given power to draw the neces- sary funds to aid in the work, as required." The first order drawn by this committee was for $200, and is dated December 5, 1881. On the evening of March 6, 1882, Bro. Jacob Fox, for many years a member of the lodge, asked for and was granted a demit, he being about to remove to the then Territory of Washington. Just before close of business, in a little speech, not of set terms but of heartfelt words, he presented to the lodge a set of gavels of his own workmanship. He asked that these be accepted as token of his love for the lodge and the brethren and expressed hope that use of these necessary instruments might serve from time to time to call him to remembrance. The gavels were received by the Worshipful Mas- ter with a few words of thanks and good wishes 230 History Crescent Lodge for Bro. Fox, and others present joined in bidding him God-speed on his intended journey and success in his new and far away home. These gavels are the same still in use by the officers of Crescent lodge. The minutes 6f the year are remarkably full and complete, but these contain little beyond rec- ord of work accomplished and routine matters which are not of value to our present purpose. On April 3, 1882, there is, however, a peculiar entry, as follows: "Upon motion of Bro. West the fol- lowing resolution was adopted: Resolved, that this lodge condemns the action of the committee in regard to the postponement of the proposed Ma- sonic sociable." These lines are erased in the record. Reference to minutes of the May regular gives this explanation: "The Worshipful Master stated that the Most Worshipful Grand Master had requested that the resolution condemning the action of the committee in regard to the proposed Masonic sociable, which was adopted by this lodge at its last regular meet- ing, be erased from the minutes of said meeting." At the April stated meeting officers were elected, the choice of the lodge being: E. A. Charles, Worshipful Master. P. S. Robertson, Senior Warden. Henry Erffmeyer, Junior Warden. John W. Henderson, Treasurer. H. B. Soutter, Secretary. Charles Grosjean, Senior Deacon. J. C. Hurlburt, Junior Deacon. History Crescent Lodge 231 Henri Rademecker, Senior Steward. E. H. Meyers, Junior Steward. Z. Farr, Tyler. The degree work and other matters pertaining to membership are thus summarized: Initiations — Charles Grosjean, May 2, 1881; George M. Schumm, July 11, 1881; David E. Miller, October 10, 1881 ; L. W. Burt, November 10, 1 881; William Beyer, February 13, 1882; P. Martel, March 13, 1882. Passings — Charles Grosjean, July 11, 1881; George M. Schumm, September 12, 1881; David E. Miller, February 8, 1882; L. W- Burt, Febru- ary 8, 1882; William Beyer, March 13, 1882. Raisings — Charles Grosjean, August 8, 1881;