CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE PASCAL COLLECTION OF GEORGE L. HAMILTON Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029365230 SUPPLEMENT MEMOIRS COUNCIL OF TRENT, PRINCIPALLY DERIVED FROM MANUSCRIPT AND UNPUBLISHED RECORDS, &c. 1834. BT The Rev. JOSEPH MENDHAM, M.A. LONDON : JAMES DUNCAN, PATERNOSTER-ROW. UDCCCXXXVI. LONDON: PSTNTED BT WILLIAM CLOVSS AND SONS, STAMFoaO STERET. SUPPLEMENT, &c. &c. Page V. In the Note respecting Aquilinius. This author is supposed, under a fictitious name, to be the 'third of the historians of the Council of Trent, whom he cri- ticises, Scipio Henricus, Doctor of Theology in the Academy of Messina, in his Censura, &c. Diling. 1654. See Gen- desii Florilegium under Aquilinius, ed. 1763. The reviewer of himself, and the other two historians, ventures to suggest that large additions were made to Fra Paolo's history by An- tonio de Dominis, who had the charge of getting it through the press in London ; and that those passages may he distin- guished by the ease with which they may be withdrawn, with- out destroying the continuity of the narrative. They are described as being digressions expressive of Protestant senti- ments. This criticism, however, is very ambiguous, as the author, by an afterthought, may have added the passages him- self, pp. 44 — 46. J. G. Walch refers to authors who doubt the identity of Henricus and Aquilinius, grounded principally upon the. occasional censures of the former by the latter ; but this might be a blind. Bib. Theol. Select, torn. iii. pp. 863, 4. Page vi. In the Note concerning the sources of Fra Paolo's informa- tion, I have to observe — That Courager, on whose representation I depended, has not done justice to the statement given in Fulgentio's life of the B 2 4 SUPPLEMENT. historian, of the advantages possessed by him by his intimacy with Oliva, and the communications of Du Ferrier. My edi- tion of the hfe is that printed in Venetia, 1658, 12mo. pp. 201. The particular pages for the account are 9, 10, and 86 — 8. The original of a portion of a letter of the historian, which I could only give in a translation by Brown at the time, is — ' Ho letto gik il catechismo di Pasquier, h6 veduto ancora la revisione del Concilio, & il bureau, & li atti, se vi fusse altra scrittura che tratasse di tal materia, mi sarebbe grata, perche io ne h6 scritto qualche cosa di pid raccolta da altre memorie, che potuto ritrovar in queste parti.' Verona, 1673. Page xvi. The fac-simile of the autograph signature of Card. Pallavi- cino, which is presented in the plate at p. 324, will show with what truth it is said of the letters of this individual to his friends, which he left behind him, that, like the present, they were ' scritte d'altrui mano, perchfe la sua non era leggibile.' Lettere del Card. S. Pallavicino, Venezia, 1825, in the biogra- phical Discorso prefixed, p. 16. Page zvii. line 6. Where selections from the Declarations of the Council of Trent are mentioned. These selections, to the number of six, in six distinct works, were formally condemned by a decree of the Congregation of the Index, June 6, 1621, as publications of what had better be kept secret, (in tenebris delituisse consultius ftiisset,) and against the constitution of Pius IV., under the heaviest pe- nalties; although one of the compilers, Augustine Barbosa, was proto-notary apostohc, and consultor of the Congregation of the Index, and, besides being an Italian bishop, an emi- nently learned canonist. Anton. Bibl. Hisp. iii. 173, &c. SUPPLEMENT. 3 This, however, did not prevent the whole being published in Rome, 1821 ! Page XXV. Of the expressed and believed intention of the Church of Rome to publish the Ads of the Council, there is a curious confirmation in a letter occurring in the Tabularium Ecc. Rom. Seculi XVI. Part ii. Num. clxxiii. p. 343, ab E. S. Cypriano, from Francis Lombard, a Neapolitan, a secular theologian at the Council of Trent, and a friend of Seripando, to another of the legates, Hosius : — ' Jam summus Pontifex mandavit pa- trono meo, ut curam habeat imprimendae synodi Tridentinee, quse typis D. P. Manutii excudetur quam cito. Postea alio volumine universa historia.' I owe this quotation to J. C. Koecheri, Bibl. Theol. Symb. &c. p. 392. It may, however,, still be a question whether the officially intimated publication of the Acts was ever intended for any other purpose (which it certainly was calculated, in a great degree, to answer) than of preventing all others. Page 9. In continuation of the Note respecting the Centum Grava- mina of the Diet of Nuremhurg. Zuingle, in the place referred to, had just before been ac- cusing the princes and nobles of Germany as the authors of the disturbances which happened at the Reformation, because, when they found wealth pouring into the monasteries, they appropriated the lucrative stations in them to themselves and their families. Referring, then, to the Diet which had just been assembled, (for his work is dated 1525,) he dwells expli- citly, and at some length, on the celebrated Grievances then drawn up, which, however, he is so far from ascribing to any infusion of Lutheran feeling, that he treats the whole as an insidious contrivance to acquire so much of popular reputation as would secure the whole system of abuse then in practice, O SUPPLEMENT. and which was maintained by aid of the papal tyranny. As a strong presumption that this was the fact, he asserts that the plaintiffs had fiill power to redress every article of their grievances, had they been sincere in the wish so to do. We are not concerned with the truth of this hypothesis. All that is here required is, what we have, a clear testimony to the genuineness of the document in question, and to the correct- ness of its contents. At all events, some of the complainants were probably sincere. Herman Conringius, in his edition of the Via Regia of G. Wicelius, Helmstad. .1650, has given the Centum Gravamina at the end; and, in a short notice pre- fixed, has adverted to the supposition derived from Surius, as he presumes, that they were produced by Protestant influence. The vision he dispels, both by a reference to Claude d'Espense, who, in his well-known Digressio 2da in his Commentary on Titus, ch. i. ver. 1, expressly appealing to the document in question, gives the substance of several of the articles, without the slightest surmise of Protestant interference ; and likewise by the concurrent evidence afforded by the proceedings of the Diet on this subject compared with each other — the In- structio by the Pope, Adrian VI., to his legate, the Answer of the princes, and the Replication of the legate. Romanists, wherever their church's honour is concerned, are in the habit of catching at any chance of escape or apparent justification ; — there certainly never was a more miserably hopeless one than this. I cannot refrain from adding the testimony of another very competent and contemporary witness — the eccentric but acute H. Com. Agrippa, in his book De Vanitate Scientianim, cap. de arte lenonia, (numbered in modern editions — I quote the first, in 1530— Ixiv.,) towards the end. Referring to the notorious profligacy allowed and encouraged in and by the church and court of Rome, he adds— Quae omnia tam mani- festa sunt atque frequentia, ut nescire cogamur, Episcoporurane impudentia, an plebis patientia hactenus fuerit ineptior : ut SUPPLEMENT. 7 tandem opus fuerit Germaniee principibus inter csetera nationis illius gravamina hsec quoque deferre, ex quibus quse hie si- lentio premuntur elicere poteritis. Agrippa was a firm be- liever in Transubstantiation, and a sound calumniator of the heretic Luther. See a little before, and for Transubstantiation the chapter de Imaginibus. Page 10. First Note. I find I had confounded the Judgment of the Convocation virith the King's Protestation on the Pope's appointing Mantua for the projected council. The protestation is a separate document, and is condemned in the Index of Paul IV. under R. Regis and Senatus Anglici, &c. The first edition in Latin is among the rarest of books, and unnoticed by any biblio- grapher. I obtained a copy from Mr. Thorpe's Catalogue for 1836. The full title is — lUustrissimi ac Potentissimi Regis, Senatus, Populiq; Angliae, sententia, et de eo Concilio, quod Paulus episcopus Rom. Mantuse futurum simulavit : et de ea bulla, quae ad calendas Novembres id prorogarit. Colophon : Londini in iEdibus Thomse Bertheleti Regii Impress. An. M.D. XXXVII., cum Privilegio, 8vo.,. 19 folia. It appeared in an English form, (whether original or translated,) by the same printer, in the same year. In the next, 1538, it was re- printed, both in Latin and in English, by the same printer, preceded by another Royal Protestation against the new ap- pointment of Vicenza for the meeting of the council. A reprint of this second protestation, issued from Witeberg in 1539, is likewise in my possession. It is called an Epistle: the title is — Serenissimi et Inclyti Regis Anghae Henrici Octavi, &c. Epistola de synodo Vincentina, 1539, 7 folia, 8vo. Both these documents are nearly transferred into Foxe's Acts, &c., ii. 310, &c., and 36*7, &c., last edition. Neither of them appear in Le Plat's collection, most probably from ignorance — 8 SUPPLEMENT. indeed the last seems to have escaped the vigilance of the Roman censors. There is a great deal of ability and causti- city in both. The first, which contains the main substance of the argument, is very similar, as might be expected, to the protestation drawn up on the same occasion, and in the same year, March 5, by the heads of the Protestants in Germany ; and that may be seen in Le Plat. The production of our king is well worth reading ; and I will supply a specimen of it in Foxe's English. After giving his holiness full credit for artifice and selfishness in announcing the council, and de- claring his own readiness to favour one, which should be general, free, holy, and impartial ; the king adds, of the Pope and his — ' They think we do them wrong because we • will not suflfer them to do us wrong any longer. They see ' their merchandise to be banished, to be forbidden. They see 'that we will buy no longer chalk for cheese. They see • they have lost a fair fleece, vengeable sorry that they can • despatch no more pardons, dispensations, totquots, with the ' rest of their baggage and trumpery. England is no more a ' babe. There is no man here, but now he knoweth that they • do foolishly that give gold for lead, more weight of that than ' they receive of this. They pass not, though Peter and Paul's ' faces be graven in the lead, to make fools fain.' Soon after, his holiness is twitted with the practice of giving a little, that he may gain more. In answer to the past allowance of the primacy to the Pope, the king observes—' We hear them ' well : we gave it you, indeed. If you have authority upon us ' as long as our consent giveth it you, and you evermore will ' make your plea upon our consent, then let it have even an end • where it began ; we consent no longer, your authority must ' needs be gone. If we, being deceived by false pretence of ' evil-alleged Scripture, gave to you that ye ought to have refused, ' why may we not, our error now perceived, and your deceit ' espied, take it again ?' And more to the same purpose, which. SUPPLEMENT. 9 if no unlimited promise were made, is all perfectly legal. The suggestion of National Councils, towards the end, would be physic to his holiness. Page 11. The passage from line IS to 23, beginning Consilium, and ending consilium, I wish to alter thus — Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium, et aliorum Praelatorum, de emendanda Ecclesia, S. D. N.D. Paulo III. ipso jubente conscriptum, et exhibitum Anno m.d.xxxvii. The arms of that pontiff are in the title-page of the edition before me ; and the colophon is — Imprimebatur anno m.d.xxxviii. It occupies ten leaves. It does not appear to be the same edition as is mentioned by Cardinal Quirini, in a passage quoted from him by Schelhorn, in a work about to be referred to, more par- ticularly p. 9 ; since it is there said to be printed with the same types as were used by Antonius Bladus in his edition of the Index of Paul IV., and those types are throughout Italic, while those of the Consilium under consideration are through- out Roman. But there can be no reasonable doubt that the edition which I possess and here describe is a genuine original Roman edition, and either the first or second of the same year. I am likewise in possession of another edition in a small form, printed at Antwerp in the same year by John Steelsius, with the variation in the title-page of concilium for con.siliuni, and of M.D.XXXVIII for M.D.XXXVII — both mistakes. Page 14. At the year 1535 may be introduced an additional effort at self-reformation in the Church of Rome, produced by the demands of the times, and connected with the council in prospect — the Reformed Breviary put forth by Card. F. Quig^ non. In this year a preparatory copy was printed, and sent to the Faculty of Theology in Paris for its judgment. In D'Argentre's Collect. Jud. ii, pp. 121-6, that judgment 10 SUPPLEMENT. appears. The Faculty met on the Qlth of July, 1535, when the reasons of the body for the non-reception of the new Bre- viary were read and adopted. These are, principally, the proposed omissions in the histories of the Saints, and minor portions of the service, but particularly the derogation from the honour of the Virgin Mary, the Advocate of all the faith- ful, by dismissing altogether her Horae, and the dread of pro- gressive and interminable alterations. The Breviary itself was reprinted and published in its approved form in 1536 or 1537, at Rome. I have an edition printed at Venice in the latter year, and likewise another in 1540. It is preceded by a remarkable Preface addressed to the pontiff, Paul III., which purports that it was undertaken at the suggestion (hortatu) of Clemens VII., and edited by the desire (voluntate) of his present holiness; that, in consequence of suggestions from various sources, it had undergone alterations of a minor de- scription ; that when the editor considered the reasons for the obligation of the clergy to recite the canonical hours daily — their meriting thereby for the people, the importance of their not being found by the devil unemployed, and their becoming qualified to instruct — it seemed expedient that more of the Scripture should be introduced, that the histories of the saints should be purified from their barbarism, and that the general perplexity in order should be remedied. Clement encouraged him to carry the desired reformation into effect by providing for the more copious reading of the Scripture, and the re- moval of the lengthiness, which produced negligence in the readings of the existing Breviaries. The oiEce of the B. V. would bear removal, as she was enough attended to without it, and the cardinal thought she herself would approve the measure. Many of the histories of the saints were introduced by the temerity of individuals, and were, by anticipation, con- demned by Pope Gelasius himself. Upon the whole, there- fore, this new Breviary should be considered as a Restitution. SUPPLEMENT. 1 1 The Licence of Paul III. to the printer, quite approving the work, gives permission to the clergy to use it, and to omit the old, on obtaining faculties for that purpose from the holy See, July 3, 1536. The condemnation of this Breviary, approved by two preceding inerrable heads of the church, by a successor as inerrable, is well known. When the council had closed, the storm had blown over. In Zaccaria's Bibl. Rituale, i. 110-4, will be found an account, with little original, of the reformed Breviary, and pp. 115-9 of that which superseded it by Pius V. The two rather long lists — the 1st, of Histories of the Saints, revised, 2nd, of the Histories restored — are curious, and worth attention. They are, however, borrowed from the Life of Julio Poggiano, prefixed to the second volume of the collected works of that eminent scholar, edited by Lagomarsini, 1*756. Page 17. Of the unfortunate child, Simonetto, said to be put to death by the Jews, and made a saint, there are records accessible enough in Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, and his refer- ences, March 24. But it may just be added, as a curiosity, that a small volume on the subject was published, and ap- peared in the Ilnd Part of the Catalogue of Mr. Heber's books, dispersed in 1834, Art. 5905 — Symeon Puer. De Infan- tulo in civitate Tridentina per Judaeos rapto atque in vilipen- dium Christianse Religionis crudelissime necato. Roina, Gul- dinbeck, 1475, 4to. The book is mentioned by Panzer in its place, and I have seen more on the same subject. I am, indeed, myself in possession of what is considered the most authentic relation of the story, entitled — Joannes Mathias Tuherinus Lib. art. et medicine doctor rectoribus senatui populoq : brixiano. fol. Frid. Creusner [Nuremburg] 1475. Four Jews in Trent conspired, on the 21st of March that year, (which would be, as it is expressed, Tuesday,) to steal a Christian child for the purpose of immolation, on the Friday next, or 12 SUPPLEMENT. Giood Friday. This was, if we believe the writer, (for he offer* no proof,) accomplished. Tlie child was slaughtered on the 24th of March, and transfixed in various places, with accom- panying wishes, that, as they killed the God of the Christians, 80 all their enemies might be eternally confounded. They then cast the body into the river, where it ran under their house, giving it out that it was carried by the stream, till stopped by the grating near their premises. But the truth was divulged by miracles, (what, is not said;) and the thus convicted Jews were thrown into prison and punished. Alban Butler says they were broke upon the wheel, and burnt. The reader, however, who wishes to form a just estimate of papal fidelity in this instance, as well as obtain some information with respect to the story, may consult the able and convincing Vindiciae Ecc. Ang. of R. Southey, Esq., p. 417, with his references. He will learn, in particular, what is the value of Mr. Alban Butler's assertions in the book referred to. That farrago of truth and falsehood, piety and superstition, has lately obtained stereotype facilities of dissemination ; honest Alban, however, has made two or three mistakes. He has mistaken theyearof the birth of the infant, 1412, for the year of his martyrdom, 1475; he has made Simon about two years old when he was above ; and he has converted the kidnapper into a physician, the profession of the narrator, Tuberinus — not Tiberinus. But the innocent victim was honoured with many miracles — that was enough. There is a very curious representation of the transaction in a wood-cut in the Nuremburg Chronicle, ed. 1493, fol. ccliiii. verso. P^e 19. The Diet of Worms there referred to assembled in May of 1545. See Dupin, XVIth Century, Ch. xxix. Cardinal Far- nese was there with the Emperor. In a collection of Letters of (he XVIth century, edited by B. F. Hummel, Halas, 1780, SUPPLEMENT. 13 there occurs, p. 1 1*7, an anonymous one to an uncertain person, dated S. Viti, (Jun. 15,) 1545, which contains a fact — Car- dinahs Farnesius, qui fuit Wormatise, discessit iterum ; qui cum peteret a Carolo Imp. ut promitteret se decreta Consihi Tridentini amplexurum- esse, Carolus Imperator se obligare noluit. Page 42, line 2. For they, read, the fathers. Page 61, When I say that Jerome's Prologus Galeatus is prudently omitted in the Tridentine editions of the Vulgate, I mean the first two, published as the authentic text, by the opponent pontiffs, Sixtus V. and Clemens VIII. The one immediately following, in 1593, Roraae, Ex Typ. Apost. Vat. 4to., does indeed restore the Prologue : bUt apparently as an afterthought, since the catchword immediately preceding it. Liber, answers, not to the first word of the Prologue, but to that of the com- mencement of the Bible itself. Liber Genesis. Subsequent editions have it, I beUeve, commonly. Page 65. For they continue, read, the writer continues. Chioggia's dismissal from the Council is mentioned by Ver- gerio as having followed his own. Ejiciebatur post me alius quoque, nempe Jacobus Nachiantes Fossae Clodiae Episcopus. Cum enim legeretur Decretum tertise [quarts] sessionis, pie, et summa modestia dixit, sibi dura videri verba, mutuata sci- licet ex C. Ecclesiasticarum XI. Distin. in quibus dicebatur, eodem pietatis affectu ac reverentia suscipiendas ac venerandas esse eas, quas Papistse vocant traditiones, qua ipsummet Evangelium 5 nihil enim esse quod cum Evangelio conferri 14 SUPPLEMENT. ullo modo possit. at duntaxat propter hoc jussus est a Legatis Tridento discedere, et Romam petere, si forte Papa vellet illi ignoscere, quod tam fuisset temerarius, qui Decreto ab ipsomet Papa Romse concinnato ausus fuisset contradicere. Ep. ad Reg. Pol. 0pp. torn. i. foil. 119, 120. Vid. et Dial. I. de Osio. lb. fol. 140. TubingSB, m.d.lxui. Page 76. Alter the last sentence of the last note thus : — The last proper date of the book is the day of the seventh session, March 3, 1541; so that the following 1st of March must be 1548. Page 81, line 13. Veletri should be Trevilla. Tresvillas — ' an ^eeable country-seat, called Trevilla, in the neighbourhood of that city (Padua), which belonged to his friend Priuli,' &c. — [Phillips's] Life of Pole, 2d ed. vol. i. p. 417. The writer, who answers, except feebly, none of his answerers, is enough annoyed by one in particular to exert himself to do away the impression that the illness of the legate was feigned, in order to avoid getting into di£5culties on the subject under consideration — that of Justification. The letter to which he appeals is inconclusive, and does not touch the epistolary evidence produced by Pye. That writer, in his answer to Phillips, pp. 62 — 4, in a note upon the departure and pretence of Pole, in his original, Beccatelli, writes—' Of ' this rheumatic defluxion (which T. Phillips calls a catarrh * in his arm *) it may be said, in the words of Juvenal, — ' " Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres Optandos." ' Whether Pole's sickness was pretended, is needless to argue ; * lu the last editiou the catarrh in his arm is altered into an indispo- sition. SUPPLEMENT. ] 5 ' it is demonstration, his colleagues thought him too hasty in ' quitting Trent, and imputed it to some shyness on the ' Article of Justification. ' Cardinal Santa Croce writes thus to Maffei, 25 June, ' 1546 : — " Cardinal Pole, I find, desigiis to set out imme- " diately for Trevilla, having got the Pope's leave : but we, " though we have not less occasion than himself for a little " respite and change of air, are resolved nevertheless to " attend the debate on the Article of Justification." — ^Trans- ' lation of part of an Italian letter, from the Minutes of what ' passed at Trent in 1545 and 1546 — being C. Santa Croce's ' own register, found in a MS. of his family's. Quirini, ■ vol. iv. p. 27*7. ' To explain this point more fully, from an examination of ' the Italian letters, and minutes"of the proceedings at Trent, ' published in four vols., Quirini — The Article of Justification ' came on in the Council 21st June, 1546; The Card. Santa ' Croce tells Maffei, on the 25th, that Pole was setting out ' presto for Trevilla, where we find him, by his own letter to ' his colleagues, July the 1st. On the 30th of June, they write * to him for his opinion on that question, which he waives an- ' swering, for three reasons, " per rispetto dell' absentia, " insuffidentia, ed indisposiiione," and desires them to com- ' municate their future commands viva voce by the Bishop of ' Worcester. On the 26th of Septeriiber, the Bishop of Wor- ' cesier had either brought or sent Pole a copy of the decree, 'according to. his own desire; he then excuses himself- a ' second time, " non li essendo concesso d'interrogare, e " d'esser instrutto di molte cose, oltre che sono si gravato " dalla mia indispositione the sono mal aita a pensar (non " che a scriver) in materia di questa impoftanxa." He then ' promises, after so much importuhity, to send his opinion viva ' voce in a few days, which he does 18 Oct. 1546, by one Dr. ' MoRiGLiA, suo familiar e. 16 SUPPLEMENT. ' These letters seem fiilly to reftite the notion T. Phillips ' has taken up, of supposing the decree on that article to have ' been finally drawn up, and finished as it passed the Council, ' by Pole, (on account of a transcript of it being found among ' his papers, and published by H. Pening,) since it appears ' he would never once write his opinion upon that article, ' though expressly solicited so to do, but only gave his senti- ' ments upon it viva voce by Moriglia. ' Lettere Italiene, 184, et seq. Quirini, vol. iv. Phillips's ' Life of Pole, vol. i. p. 369, [2d ed. pp. 416, et seq.1 ' There are many more passages (among the XXXII. Ita- ' Han Letters published from a MS. of C. S. Croce's by Qni- ' RiNi) which discover an earnestness in the two other legates • for Pole's return to Trent, and a displeasure at his protracted ' stay ; and a peevishness in him on their frequent remon- ' strances, as well as an unwillingness to return again to the ' Council. (See the IX. XVI. XIX. XXIII.)' I have transcribed this passage, though rather long, both because the work from which it is taken is not very common, and because it admirably illustrates the mode of proceeding in the rulers of the Council, and the settlers, at the time, of the presumed Catholic faith. Page 99, at the end of the Note. There is a letter of some curiosity in the Semicenturia Epistt. Ssec. XVI., by B. F. Hummel. Halse, 1178, pp. 66, 61. It is one of Vitus Theodorus, with no date, placed, however, in the order after Aug. VI, 1547, Nuremburg, and to an uncer- tain person. It notices the Article of Justification, as com- posed in the Tridentine Council, thus : — Vidimus articulum de justificatione in concilio Tridentino compositum. Omnia sunt similia Malvendae disputationibus Ratisbonae (in 1546). Fide, dicunt incipi justificationem, absolvi gratia. Peccatis, dicunt, amitti gratiam, fidem non. Diseite dicunt, adulteros. SUPPLEMENT. 17 toiasculorum concubitores esse fideles, Anathemati subjiciunt, si qui statuant, se esse in gratia. Anathemate quoque illos feriunt, qui dubitant. Hanc propositionem his ipsis verbis ponunt r Anathema esse, qui neget, deum per se efficere, ut Judas Christum prodat. Hsec pauca sufEciunt, &c. This representation agrees neither with that just given, nor the ultimate decree and canons. It was probably one of the forms given out ; and I suspect the letter is placed too late. Page 108. At the end of Session VI. Milner, in his Ecclesiastical History, vol. 4, part i. pp. 347, 348, has expressed himself as if, in the conference between Luther and Cajetan, (as the latter is usually called,) Cajetan, with reference to the doctrine of Justification, had admitted, that, were the opposition to Indulgences withdrawn, all other differences might be amicably settled. He quotes no authority for the assertion, and the only one he could quote is Secken- dorf, who, in writing on the subject, (Comm. p. 47,) plainly describes the matter in question to be, not Justification, but the necessity of faith in the Sacraments. The champion of Rome, indeed, was incapable of making the proposal as rela- tive to Justification ; for, however light in the esteem of his church was any doctrine simply considered, the abandonment of the doctrine of human merit, an essential ingredient in the Protestant doctrine, would have touched far other and higher interests than spiritual ones. Page 114. At the beginning of the paragraph, which belongs to the be- ginning of 1547, some purpose of the Pope relative to Reform is referred to. The author, who is followed there, expresses himself more strongly than is represented in the text. Paul III. drew up a 18 SUPPLEMENT. bull, ' Avvocando a se la materia della riforma.' The legates in their answer advised his holiness to confine himself to his own court. Sarpi ii. 88, in Courayer, has the transaction more at length. Pallavicino, cavilling at him, 1st. ix. 10., says, that two bulls, or breves, were prepared ; one at the beginning of the preceding year, 1546, which is recognised by a letter of the legates, at the beginning of Session IV. p. 48 ; and the other at the beginning of 1547, meaning the end of 1546, as we shall see. The legates, however, made no use of the latter, which was much enlarged. We need no more attention to Pallavicino's quibbles; and the only reason for introducing the subject at all is, that the bull itself, (for such it is,) has never publicly appeared till that favour was done the learned world by Dr. H. N. Clausen of Copenhagen, in 1830, in a work entitled — Bulla Reformationis Paul III. ad Hist. C. T. pert, concepta non vulgata. Ex Cod. MS. Neap, descriptam, nunc primumedidit annotationibusqueillustravit. Haun. 1830. He found the MS. in the Royal Bourbon Library, and transcribed it ; it occupies 20 full 4to pages. After the usual beginning, it complains of the slow progress of the council, though it had accomplished the Scriptures, Original Sin, and Justification ; and then proposes to correct abuses in the court. It is chiefly occupied with abundant regulations in the interminable field of papal ecclesiastical matters — age of prelates — benefices of all descriptions — dispensations — graces expectative and others — government of hospitals and religious houses — habilitations — tithes, &c. &c., ending with powers committed to patriarchs, &c., revocation of preceding concessions, enforcement of resi- dence, &c. 11 Kal. Jan. 1546; Pont. nost. anno 13, or Dec. 22, 1546. The Editor has justly remarked in this document — abundant pretermission — equal ambiguity — and careful evasion of all eflfectual reformation. The notes are satisfactory and valuable, particularly that on Indulgences, where he has pro- duced the Jesuitic remark of Pallavicino on the subject, that SUPPLEMENT. 19 some good things (!) on account of the preponderating evils, which may be the accidental result, deserve to be abolished. The spoilt trade of Indulgences required no httle management. We might have these good things now, if Luther had not lived. Page 139, liue 11 from bottom, Read Siponto. Page 145, end of Note. The reader will find important information and criticism, both in Schramm's Latin edition of Le Vassor's work, Bruns- vigse, 1104, particularly his own Address to the reader; and in Schelhorn's Amoen. Hist. Ecc. ii. 441, &c., where a corrobo- rating account is given of the state and fortunes of the Card, de Granvelle's collections, and a just rebuke is passed upon the transparent sophistries of the Jesuits of Trevoux, in dero- gation of Vargas's Letters. Page 146. After the recital of the two Canons on the Eucharist. Some li'ght is thrown upon this portion of the council, by a small publication, which has some title to the character of original intelligence. It is an annual, or nearly so, beginning in 1791, and finished in 24 numbers in 1815, published at Gottingen by the Prorector of the Academy, then (as I find by Naebe, in his Compend. Hist. Ecc, 422) G. Jac. Planck. The subject is — Anecdota ad Hist. Cone. Trid. pertinentia ; and purports to have been extracted from MSS. in the Royal Library. They have never appeared before, not even in Le Plat's collection ; and, being little known in this country, may stand as representations of the MSS. themselves. In Fascicul. VII. is a copy of the Canons, xiii. in number, proposed for discussion, previously to the Session, together with the judg- ment upon them of Fred. Nausea, one of the ambassadors of c 2 20 SUPPLEMENT. Ferdinand, King of the Romans, and Bp. of Vienne. The 1st Canon had at the close * Anathema Maranatha.' Nausea ohjected to the last wor;i on grammatical grounds, and it was expunged. The 2nd Canon, near the beginning, added the words, aut secundum execrabiles et profanas vocum novitates Christum Impanatum esse dixerit. This does not appear in the Canon, as it was settled at the Session. But the most remark- able circumstance is, the censure of the ambassador upon the use of the term Transubstantiation, which he objects to, ' since it is not sufficiently known how ancient the fathers are who used it, nor whether the universal Church used it farther back than three hundred years.' Siquidem turn quia non satis scitur, quam sint antiqui patres illi nostri, qui hoc vocabulo transub- stantiationis usi sint, nee constat certo, num universa catholica ecclesia sic adpellaverit banc mirabilem versionem panis et vini utpote transubstantiationem quam vel ideo voculam esse re- centem et vix trecentariam dicunt, quia latinis illis autoribua in usu non fuerit ilia, sed ab illatinis inventa potius. The council assented but in part. This criticism proves that truth could not be altogether excluded from the council. The XIII. canons were, by different division and otherwise, reduced to XI. Page 147. Of the safe conduct proposed for the Protestants, Nausea, in the censure last referred to, writes — Videtur mihi, legitimam illis jure securitatem hiic veniendi et agendi, quae tarn ipsis quam nobis percommoda et necessaria fuerint, negari nee posse nee deberi, tie si ilia ipsis negaretur, justissimam deinde sint habituri conquerendi causam, quominus in hac Synodo comparuerint. SUPPLEMENT. 21 Page 149. Where the papal argument for Transubstantiation, as standing on the same scriptural foundation as the Trinity, is ad- verted to. That Romanists resort to this as an argument, is a sad proof to what desperate extremes they will go in support of a fa- vourite idol. The best answer, both in itself, and ad hominem, is contained in [StiUingfleet's] Doctrine of the Trin. and Transub. compared, Part II., pp. 21-23, ed. 1688. The author there produces Bellarmine, firstly, as proving the divinity of Christ from Scripture in the usual way, Disput. de Christo, 1. i. capp. 4-6 Tom. i. coil. 240-266, ed. Parisiis, 1613 — at considerable length, of course, although a part is occupied with answers to objections. For the doctrine of Transubstantiation the cardinal can produce but one testimony from Scripture ; and he is compelled to admit that there may be no place in Scripture so express and clear for Transubstan- tiation as that the learned may not doubt whether it is to be found there, setting aside the Church's declaration. lb. de Euch. 1. iii. capp. 19 et 23. Tom. iii. col. 557. The original here deserves quoting, as the sense only is given — Secundo dicit, [Kemnitius,] non extare locum ullum scripturse tam ex- pressum, ut sine Ecclesiae declaratione evidenter cogat transub- stantionem admittere. Atque id non est omnino, improbabile. Nam etiamsi scriptura, quam nos supra adduximus, videatur nobis tam clara, ut possit cogere hominem non protervum : tamen an ita sit, meritd dubitari potest, cum homines doc- tissimi et sanctissimi, qualis imprimis Scotus fuit, coutrarium sentiant. 22 SUPPLEMENT. Page 151. After the sentence respecting the Eucharist, and the only two possible meanings of the word IS — ' but in neither is there conversion,' add — The verb" substantive. Matt. xxvi. 26, must express the change imagined by Rome, if it be expressed at all ; for to suppose the change to have taken place before the words of consecration, is perfectly gratuitous. The demonstrative pro- noun, TovTo, although of different gender from the antecedent, bread, is, by common usage, and by circumstances, restricted to it, agreeably to the admission of Bellarmine himself — See Wake, Defence of Exposition, pp. 54 — 66. The Ethiopic version expresses the reference to bread, as the antecedent ; and the Syriac, although rendered in the neuter by Walton, is, as a friend acquainted with the language informs me, to the same effect. The word in Hebrew letters is IJH) the mascu- T line gender, agreeing with NDn^- It is not, however, a simple word, but compounded of the demonstrative masculine pro- noun ii3n> and the personal masculine i)n, which latter has, in constructions of this sort, the force of the verb substantive : so that the literal rendering of the passage would be, ' hie ille [panis] corpus meum;' but its real grammatical import, ' hie [panis] est corpus meum.' There is, in Syriac, no demonstra- tive pronoun of the neuter or common gender ; but the femi- nine Jinn is often employed in the abstract to denote things without hfe, &c., corresponding pretty nearly with the Greek TOVTO or Toura, and is, in fact, so employed in the parallel pas- sages, where the phrase, 'This do in remembrance of me,' occurs ; but never in the words denoting bread or cup. — It is very observable, that, in the case of a true conversion, or tran- substantiation, effected by our Lord at Can a, the miraculous SUPPLEMENT. 23 change of the water into the wine is properly expressecl by the word ytyivriiiivov — ' the water which was made wine,' John ii. 9 ; and doubtless, had the same change been intended in the Lord's Supper, the word expressing it would have been yivirai. Yet even then it would lie open to fair criticism, whether the change were material or spiritual. "Well might Bellarmine acknowledge that the only direct evidence for the doctrine of his church on this point was the decision of that church her- self ! — See, as before, Stillingfleet, Doctrine of Trinity and Trans, compared, Part II. p. 23, referring to Bellarmine, de Euch. iii. xxiii. Page 157, line 11. The profligate irreverence towards Scripture in the thoroughly papalized mind is strikingly exemplified in a vindication of the impurities of the Roman confessional by a person signing him- self William O'Neill Daunt, as I learn from a triumphant answer to the same by the Rev. R. J. M'Ghee, in the Dublin Evening Mail, June 20, 1836. As long as human nature is as it is, and human crime continues, there will be a propriety, nearly amounting to necessity, for faithful and even detailed records of the same, as well as laws to take cognizance of them, in order to prevention, restraint, or punishment, which, in a free or just government, cannot well be otherwise than public. It is freely admitted that in such publicity there is a positive evil, or risk : but the evil, as in many human cases, is a necessary one — demanding, however, in all who have the custody whether of public or private morals, such prudence and precaution as, in all practicable ways, to obviate the danger, where it may with most probability be anticipated. This is precisely the ground on which Scripture stands, and the ground on which it is effectually justifiable ; and no mind but the most depraved can identify, or draw into anything like proximate resemblance, this case and that of the vitious and 24 SUPPLEMENT. vitiating r^ulations of the Romish Confessional, with the compulsory obligation of confession, — the infamously cu- rious and defiling particularization detaUed and enjoined by those regulations ; the purposes for which they are evidently designed ; the manner in which they are and must be carried into execution ; and the obvious and almost necessary ten- dency to corrupt or annihilate the moral sense, as well as to harden the conscience, both in the contemplation and the com- mission of crime. I pity the moraUty of the man who does not, or will not, see the diametrical opposition of the two cases. Page 160, at the end of the Note. From a MS. in the Royal Library of Gottingen, in the Anec- dota ad Hist. C. T. pert., already referred to, Nr. x., purport- ing to be a letter of F. Nausea to King Ferdinand, giving an account of the reception of the ambassadors of the Elector of Saxony, and the Duke of Wirtemberg, we are enabled to cor- rect the mistake of the 25th of January, as the day of their audience. The day was the 24th, and a Sunday, (which was the case in 1552, the Dominical letter for that part of the bissextile year being C, which falls on the 24th of January.) It corrects likewise the mistake, of no great importance, that the Saxons were heard first ; since the contrary was the fact. Both the couples of ambassadors are represented as having been highly intemperate in their charges against the council j and the Saxon, in particular, as having demanded that its preceding enactments should be reconsidered (Tetractareniur'). The writer accordingly congratulates himself that they were not heard in the cathedral in public session. The letter ends with an affecting account of the illness with which himself had been seized ; and which from history we learn to have been fatal. He died within a week. The date of the letter is Jan. 30, 1552. SUPPLEMENT. 25 Page 161. Where the safe conduct to the Protestants is mentioned, and the disclaimer therein of any advantage to be taken from the Councils of Constance and Sienna. It is hardly possible to conceive a more precise and conclu- sive recognition, as a standing law of the Roman church, of the right, and even obligation, of breaking faith with heretics, whenever the interests of that church require such breach, than the form of expression used by the council on this occa- sion. She does not pretend that the meaning of the two ob- noxious councils was misunderstood — she does not rescind or abrogate the enactments particularly objected to — but quietly admitting, and so most forcibly confirming, the truth of their acceptation by the objecting party, she contents herself with . suspending them for the present turn — quibus in hac parte pro hac vice derogat. The perfidious murder of Huss was villainous enough ; but the palmary iniquity of Constance was, the decree by which the act was justified, and corroborated as a law of the church. Page 162. At the end of Session XV. It should not be omitted, that at this time it was meditated by Cranmer, our primate and reformer, to convoke a Synod in England, for the purpose of counteracting the antichristian proceedings at Trent. This is directly asserted in a letter of Cranmer to BuUinger, first printed from Mr. Salomon Hess's copy of the manuscript at Zurich by Mr. Jenkyns, in his very valuable Remains of Cranmer, i. 344, dated Lambeth, March 20, 1552. His words are, after telling BuUinger that it needed not be suggested to him to advise his majesty not to send an ambassador to Trent, which he never thought of, sed potius consilium dandum esse duxi, ut queraadmodum adversarii 26 SUPPLEMENT. nostri nunc Tridenti habent sua concilia ad erroies confirman- dos ; ita ejus pietas auxilium suum prsebere dignaretur, ut in Anglia, aut alibi, doctissimomm et optimorum virorum Syno- dus convocaretur, in qua de puritate ecclesiasticae doctrinse et prsecipue de consensu controversiae sacramentarise tractaretur. He had written to Melancthon and Calvin to this purpose. And, indeed, there is extant, in Calvin's collected works, a letter of the same date, in which the archbishop repeats the suggestion. Calvin excuses himself from lending his personal assistance, although he wishes every success to the project. The project, however, in the extent contemplated, was aban- doned, and for the future confined to national efforts. Page 167, line H- Where mention is made of Pius IVlh's application to dif- ferent princes relative to a re-assembly of the Council in 1560. On the subject of the pontiflPs preparations for resuming the council in Trent, there is information of some curiosity in the Anecdota published at Gottingen relative to the council, Fascic. xvii. It is the answer of Ferdinand, the emperor, to the papal nuncio, respecting the terms in which the renewal of the council is proposed. It is not perfectly new, having been given at good length by Pallavicino in his History, XIV. xiii. 9 — 19, and from him copied by Le Plat. But the MS. presented by Planck is peculiar in giving the date, 20 Jun. 1 560. This, by conjecture, is assigned to July or August by Le Plat. It has many corrections, and other marks of being a first draught ; but it has likewise the peculiarity of having the most remarkable point of difficulty in the forefront— the consideration of the meditated convocation as a continuation of the council. This, it appears plainly enough by the sequel, was a matter of no small moment and delicacy ; and the do- cument, in the very first sentence, states the project of the SUPPLEMENT. 27 pontiff relative to the proposed celebration — quod nimirum illud Tridenti prosequendum et continuandum censeat. It happens that, in the MS. before us, the latter part is less diffuse than the published exhibitions ; for, there, the imperial dictater of the answer enters into a rather extended objection to the word continuation. The subject is worth pursuing. The pontiff answered this paper in one dated Aug. .30, 1560, and which is found at length only in Raynaldus, from whom Le Plat has transcribed it*. His holiness there represents the emperor's objection to the word and thing as unimportant, or groundless. To this the emperor replied in a document, for the first transcript of which, from a coeval MS., we are in- debted to the diligence of Schelhorn, Amoen. Eccles. ii. 417,' et seq. ; and there the emperor deliberately tells the pope that, should he persist in the article of continuation, binding, as it would, and was intended to do, all who should make a part of the new council, particularly the Protestants, he greatly feared that all the labours of his holiness and himself to induce those of the Augustan Confession to conform would be frustrated. There are other important topics in these documents ; but that which is noticed is the most characteristic. Page 168.. At the end of the note concerning Verger io. This indefatigable pursuer of the popes and their council did not give them much rest. Bound up in my copy with the second edition of the Actiones, and, although anonymous, plainly from the same pen, are — theLiterse Busdragi, in quibus agitur, Quanam ratione prseservari possit Italia, ne Lutheran- ismo inficiatur. Datum Paduse, 1558; apparently the only and unknown edition. — Ai Reverendissimi Vescovi della Italia che • The date is supplied by Schelhorn, from a MS. inspected by him, in a place which will shortly be referred to. 28 SUPPLEMENT. per rindittion di Pio Papa iiii. sono chiamati al Concilio di Trento. L'anno 1 561. — Delia Indittione del Concilio di Trento publicato da Pio Quarto. 1561. Proficient in pejus. In the first, and only, volume of his collected works, at Tubing, 1563, after the Actiones, the Consilium Bononise &c. (an evidently sportive fiction, or pasquinade) — Epistola ad Regem Polonise — Dialogi de Osio — Postremus Catalogus Hsereticorum, &c. — and particularly. Scholia in Binas Pauli IIII. literas, and De Concilio Papse, &c. Pii Illl., refer to the same subjects, either professedly or incidentally. The two last pieces, and those specified before, more especially relating to the approaching re-opening of the council, are those to which the text has the most direct allusion. Page 169. At the end of the Nole-[, where the Venetian Milledoni's calumny respecting Beza is mentioned, add — I cannot refrain from observing here, that however liberally and anti-papally the advocates of Venetian or Gallic liberties may talk or write, when their own interest, their independence, or selfishness, in any form, is concerned, yet with respect to those whom they esteem heretics, that is, all classes of se- ceders from the doctrine and sovereignty of Rome, they rival the fatuity and intolerance of the most bigoted Transalpine. Not even Fenelon, nor Pascal, nor the Portroyalists generally, are free from this blot. It is with pleasure I find this obser- vation corroborated by one to the same effect from the power- ful pen of Mr. Southey, in an article of the Quarterly Review, 1828, on the Roman Catholic Question, and repeated in his Essays, ii. 331, &c. He is combating, p. 401, &c., the com- mon and superficial argument in favour of the tolerance of the Galhcan church, from the resolution displayed in asserting its own liberties in opposition to the Roman see. ' Free also,' he writes, ' in this respect as it is, and liberal as it may be repre- SUPPLEMENT. 29 ' sented to be, it must not be forgotten that, in the worst acts ' of inhuman bigotry and wholesale persecution, by which the ' Roman Catholic religion has rendered itself odious, the Galli- ' can church has been as much engaged as the Papal ; the ' French bishops have been as remorseless as the Spanish in- ' quisitors,' &c. Page 171. For my account of Paleotto I refer to Le Plat's Catalogue, at the close of his edition of the Canons, &c., under ' Doctores legum pro sacro concilio missi.' His life is, of course, in Ciaconius. See Vitse Pontt. et Cardd. iii. coll. 979—987. Bologna was made archiepiscopal by Gregory XIII., and Paleotto made first archbishop. Page 173. At the end of the second paragraph, add — Information is given by Planck, in his Anecdota ad Hist. C. T., of affairs previous to the last meeting of the Council under Pius IV. In No. XL, the first article, is contained a paper presented to the Emperor Ferdinand by the papal nuncio, J. F. Canobio, bearing date May 2, 1561. The nuncio, pre- facing all with the mention of the gift of the blessed rose, requests, in the name of his "holiness, that his majesty would send his prelates and ambassadors to the re-opening council, and promises that his holiness, according to the wish of the emperor, will himself, with his whole college of cardinals, ap- pear at the council, if it should appear expedient and neces- sary — cum ejus sanctitati opportunum et necessarium vide- bitur — si opus fuerit. This, however, did not appear suitable to the dignity of the pontiff at the present. The nuncio, how- ever, proposed that the emperor should go to Inspruck, and the pope to Bologna, in order that both might be in the neigh- bourhood. Something is added of a mission to the prince of 30 SUPPLEMENT. the Muscovites, and pecuniary assistance. The answer of his majesty, May 4, only acknowledges the present of the hlessed rose, and promises to send learned and eminent men to the council, if those of the Augustan Confession should decline coming. He expresses the pleasure given him by the condi- tional promise of his holiness to attend with his cardinals, and adds, that himself will not grudge to come, not only to Inspruck, but, with God's assistance, to Trent itself, (no very comfortable intimation to the pope.) The electors and princes of the Augsburg Confession were very averse to his and his holiness's wishes, and had sent him an answer in Latin and German, which he transmitted to his holiness, that he might provide what remedy he was able. Page 177, line 19. For degree read decree. Page 203. After the end of the second paragraph, ' hear again.' It may not be irrelevant to introduce here an incident of English history connected with the Council of Trent. It ap- pears, from a document which will be referred to, that an ap- plication had been made by the Papists of England, through some single individual, to the council, sitting some time in the year 1562, for its decision respecting the legality of attending the service of the church of England by members of the church of Rome. It was determined by ten of the fathers, who are named, (for it was deemed imprudent to make the subject ge- neral and public,) that the act was illegal. The document is to be seen in Hist. Miss. Ang. Soc. Jesu, &c, ab H. Moro, Audom. 1660, lib. iii. § v. — x. In a very curious tract by a Popish secular, ' A Safegard from Shipwracke to a Prudent ' CathoUke, wherein it is proved that a Catholike may goe to the ' Protestant Church,' &c., published by Dan. Featley under the SUPPLEMENT. 31 title Vertwnnus Romanus, London, 1642, the subject is dis- cussed at some length, pp. 7, &c., where the author, giving the number of the fathers determining to the effect stated, afl&rms them to have been twelve ; that the English Bishop of Wor- cester, though present, was omitted ; and that the whole was obtained for temporal ends, covertly, and by indirect means. He points out the Jesuits as the authors ; and the object, that of obliging the youth, in particular, of England to seek their education in foreign parts, where they would be the instructors, and reap the benefit. There can be little doubt that this writer was perfectly in the secret, and perfectly right. The terms in which the opinion of the fathers is delivered are as follows : — Minime vobis sine scelere, divinaque indignatione licere ejus- modi haereticorum precibus, illorumve concionibus interesse, ac longe multumque praestare qusevis atrocissima incommoda perpeti, quam in profligatissimis sceleratisslmisque ritibus quovis signo consentire. The singular number occurs twice as designating the writer. The date is 1562 — nothing more. I had written what precedes before I noticed, in the very valuable Catalogue of Messrs. Howell and Co. of books relat- ing to the Church of Rome, published in 1829, under the head of Trent, No. 3131, ' Declaration of the Fathers of the Coun- * cil of Trent, concerning the going unto Churches at such time ' as heretical service is said, or heresy preached ; Lat. and Eng. ' 18mo.' This little tract was doubtless printed by the Ro- manists under the sanction of their priesthood, for the purpose of putting a stop to a practice which had a natural and quiet, but certain tendency to reconcile the subjects of Rome to the Anglican church. Where is this tract to be found ? It does not appear in the Catalogue of the Bodleian library : I have not the last of the British Museum, and cannot therefore speak to that. Page 209, line 18. Naziansum should be Nazianzum. 32 SUPPLEMKNT. Page 216, line 4. Dele as nuncio. Page 224. At the end of the continued Note. A striking proof of the progressive, and it may turn out imprudent, boldness of the Romanists, is afforded by the Roman Catholic Magazine for June, 1835, p. civ., which an- noiinces, with some authority, a more extended indulgence than one of seven years. It professes to derive its intelligence from a correspondent of the Freeman's Journal — Holy Week in Rome in 1835. On Good Friday, ' the preacher, at the end of his sermon, ' proceeded to the Pope's throne, and kneeling before his holi- ' ness, demanded only an indulgence of thirty days and thirty ' quarantines for all present. On pronouncing the words " in- " dulgentias, pater sancte," the Pope replied to him, " triginta " annorum," granting the indulgence for thirty years, which ' the preacher afterwards proclaimed in the following terms : — ' " S. S. P. D. N. D. Gregorius divina Providentia Papa " XVI., dat et concedit omnibus hie presentibus annos triginta " et totidem quadrigenas, de vera indulgentia in forma ecclesiae " consueta. Rogate igitur Deum pro felici statu sanctitatis suse " et sanctse matris Ecclesije." ' Page 241. Respecting the epithet unbloody, as applied to the sacrifice of the Mass, it may be observed — The application of this epithet to the person of our Saviour evidently arose, whether through ignorance or fraud, or both united, from the original and just application of it to the literal offerings on the holy table, and particularly the literal bread and wine. See S. Deylingii Insigniores Rom. Ecc. Varia- tiones circa S. Each. Lips. 1726, § xi. xii. See likewise SUPPLEMENT. 33 P. Du Moulin on the Mass, Book iii. ch. 1, 21, 26, where the reader may see satisfactorily proved, from the very Canon of the Mass, the transfer of expressions relating to the literal offerings on what was then properly called the altar, to the thing signified by the holy sacrament — a fact which affords a complete key to the entire papal illusion upon the subject. Page 247. End of the Note on the religious wars of France. There are some excellent remarks, much to the same pur- pose, in Pierre Jurieu's Demiers Efforts de I'Innocence affli- g^e, subjoined to his Politique du Clergs! de France, Ams. 1682, Deuxifeme Entretien ; and more extendedly, as well as elaborately, in his Histoire du Calvinisme, &c. Rott. 1683. Sec. Partie, ch. ix. et x., where he observes that the opponents of the reformed on this subject forget, or suppress, the first forty years of strictly passive endurance ; and the wars he considers as principally of a civil character. There is another work bearing upon the same point, L'Esprit de J(5sus Christ sur la Tolerance, in answer to the Apology for the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, by the infamous Jesuit, Novi, calling himself Abbf5 de Caveirac, and the original of Dr. Lingard in his exposed and exploded palliation of Ihe St. Bartholomew. The author, it appears from Brunet, Manuel du Libraire, iv. 335, ed. 1820, was F. G. de la Broue, and the book was pub- lished in 1759. It is throughout a triumphant refutation of his serpentine opponent on both subjects, and candidly admits that the conduct of the persecuted Christians of France might have been more heroic had it been perfectly passive through- out. But is there no tolerance for human infirmity under ex- treme temptation ? or are suffering Christians the only class of the species to whom it is to be refused by partakers of the same nature ? 34 SUPPLEMENT. Page 252, at the end of the first Note. The mutual anathemas of the fathers of the council against each other is set at perfect rest ly the Acts of Nic. Psaulme, Bishop of Verdun, where he writes, with relation to the parti- cular scene, Continuo Episcopi Itali applaudentes dicto legato coeperunt vociferari, et pedum strepitu interpellare dictum Guadixensem episcopum, tanquam Anathema, non audiendum, sed per judices (cui dari petebant) puniendura, &c. And again, soon after, the Cardinal of Lorraine is represented as reprobating the indecorousness of such conduct — Vociferari et verbis anathematis uti adversus eos, qui minus ipsis place^ rent. C. L. Hugonis Accessioncs, &c. Cone. Trid. illust. Franc. 1744, p. 339; or Le Plat, Mon. vii. Part ii. p. 92. Page 261, line 13 from bottom. For Vienna read Vienne. Page 266. At the end of the fourth "paragraph, concerning Morone's interview with the Emperor at Inspruck. This interview, which is related by Sarpi, vii. 81, has some new light thrown upon it by the MS. treasures of the Royal Library of the University of Gottingen. In the Anecdota ad Hist. C. T. pert, Fasc. L by Prorector G. J. Planck, we have two letters, — one of the Emperor to tbe Archduke of Austria, in which he announces his communication of the writings containing an account of the transactions between the parties ; and which, as being peculiarly confidential, he wishes to be restricted to the personal perusal of his correspondent. It is dated May 16, 1563, Inspruck. The other, which is dated the day before, is private, from the Emperor to his ambassa- dors in the council, and designates the same writings, A. B. C. SUPPLEMENT. 35 D. E. and F., to be partiaUy only communicated to the French and Spanish ambassadors : beyond that, to be carefully con- cealed. And there was added a Summarium, marked G., which was to be openly and freely communicated. That Sum- marium was first pubhshed by Martene, and is to be found in Le Plat, Monum. vi. 15, et seq. Another letter of the emperor to his ambassadors, in Planck's 2nd Fasc, was intended to be public. The most observable points in the Summarium are — the wish of the emperor to avoid superfluous questions ; the claim of proposing subjects in behalf of his ambassadors j freedom of discussion ; certain ecclesiastical reformations ; ad- dition to the one secretary of the council ; and an excuse of the emperor from receiving the crown at Bologna. Planck has justly observed that this interview had a considerable in- fluence on the speedy termination of the council, when it met again for the last time : but other causes — indeed, every cause bearing upon it — concurred. Page 268. ' At the end of the Note on the cause for forbearing to interfere in the affairs of England. Strong claims have been advanced in behalf of Pius VII., both to the praise of liberality and to the gratitude of the English, for his daring to incur the resentment of the Emperor Napoleon rather than assent to the proposal, by the latter, of an alliance, offensive and defensive, against this nation. With no desire to detract from the merit of the pontiff in this respect, his own deliberate statement will best discover the nature and measure of -it In the CompliJment de la Correspondance de la Cour de Rome avec Buonaparte, par A. Muzarelli, Paris, 1814, is contained an Allocution of the 16th of March, 1808, where his holiness, informing the consistory of the circum- D 2 36 SUFPLEMKNT. stance, observes, that he did not object to shut his ports against the Enghsh, which he thought they would not much regard ; but as to declaring and making war against them, it should be considered, he urged, that there were thousands of Catholics in that country, Canada, and the two Indies, who enjoyed perfect liberty in their own worship, and in communi- cation with the holy see, who might be deprived of these ad- vantages, if the British government were provoked by the de- claration of an unjust war against it — a consequence which could not be reflected upon without the bitterest remorse. Des milliers. . . .partout ils exercent librement le culte catho- lique, et sans qu'on les force ou qu'on les en emp6che, ils sont rt^unis k nous comme au chef de I'Eglise ; enfin ils jouissent d'une pleine et entiere liberte pour communiquer avec nous tout ce qui a rapport k la religion, quand ils en ont besoin, ainsi que nous. Si le gouvemement brittanique, irritiS de ce que nous lui aurions injustement diic\eii la guerre, sans qu'il nous eut attaqut:, sans qu'il nous eut provoque en aucune ma- niere, eut commenci5 k nous affiger et a persecuter ces catho- liques, ou leur eut defendu toute espfece de communication avec nous, quelle tache pour nous ! Quels remords, &c. pp. 23, 4. The policy of Rome never varies : she takes good care of her own subjects ; and they are much indebted to her. But this admission in the year 1808 is remarkable. Page 269. Of the Thurible and Pax there mentioned. The Thurible, or Censer, is a vessel in which was burned the incense which, in the mass, was applied to the communi- cant. The Pax is thus, to all appearance accurately, described in Rees's Cyclopaedia — ' A small metalUc plate, commonly of ' silver, with the representation of the crucifixion engraved upon SUPPLEMENT. 37 ' it, which -was kissed by the priest at a certain part of the mass, ' he repeating, at the same time, " Pax tecum — Peace be to " you ;" and afterwards by the assistants, in token of fraternal ' charity.' If the reader wish for something more minute and authentic, he may consult Gavanti Thes. Soc. Rit. Ven. 1713, tom. i. pp. 1 16 — 8. He may there likewise see how little ceremony Italian Romanists make in talking of adoring the sacrament. They are English Romanists alone who, on this point, dissemble and falsify. The Glossarium of Du Cange, &c., or the abridgment by Adelung, will supply information to the same amount. Page 305. At the end of the first 'paragraph, respecting the enactments of the XXI Vth Session, add — It may not be amiss to observe, in eh. ix. of the Decree of Marriage, the prohibition to temporal lords, or magistrates, under penalty of anathema, incurred by the fact, against inter- fering with the liberty of marriage. And in ch. i. and xii. of the other reforming Decree, it is worthy of notice how stealthily the subsequent creed and. oath of Pius IV. was provided for. First, with respect to candidates for bishoprics and cardinal- ates, it is required that, with other testimonials, they shall simply transmit to his holiness a profession of faith. But in the larger provision, which concerns all benefices with cure of souls, the incumbent, within two months from possession, is required to make, before the bishop, or his vicar or official, a public profession of his orthodox faith, and to promise and swear that he will continue in obedience to the Roman church — Orthodoxae suae fidei publicam facere professionem, et in Rom. ecclesiae obedientia se permansuros spondeant, ac jurent. Canonries and other dignities have the same condition an- 38 SUPPLKMENT. nexed. Of all this the pontiff availed himself in due time ; and we find, in the bull which enacted the new and enlarged creed and oath, embodying the most acceptable doctrines of the council, for the efiBcient members of the Roman church, the very words of the preceding decree, as given above, re- peated, as the express ground of the profession of faith then formally propounded, and entitled Super forma juramenti ■professionis fidei. In the edition of the Canons and Decrees, Ant. 1633, the Creed of Pius IV. is inserted in the XXIVth Session. Page 313. The fact of three of the Fathers dissenting from the propo- sition for the confirmation of the council by the Pope, is sup- ported by the additional testimony of Nic. Psaulme, Bishop of Verdun, in his Diarium, first published by Hugo, 1744, p. 400, and afterwards by Le Plat, torn. vii. part ii. Omnibus pla- cuit, prseterquam tribus, qui noluerant aliam confirmationem. As Le Plat's edition of the Canons, &c. was published before his Monumenta, this does not appear with the other various readings in the proper place, p. 326. I have never seen it observed, that the French translation of the council by Gentian Hervet, printed at Rheims in 1564, Avec Privilege du Roy, has, at fol. 222, verso, the same notice of the three dissen- tients — Excepts trois seulement. The editions of 1586 and 1588 follow it. Page 314, at the end of the continued Note. The Council of Trent has been characterized, and not un- justly, as the most anathematizing, or execrating, which was ever held. The gross amount of the spiritual thunderbolts which it discharged is one hundred and thirty-one. The par- ticulars are as follow — SUPPLEMENT. Session. Subject. Number. V. Original Sin, 5 VI. Justification, 33 VII. Sacraments, 13 Baptism, 14 Confirmation, 3 XIII. Eucharist, 11 XIV. Penitence, 15 Extreme Unction, 4 XXI. Comm. under both kinds, 4 XXII. Sacrifice of Mass, 9 XXIII. Order, 8 XXIV. Matrimony, 12 39 Total of Anathemas, 131 The poor heretics — the Protestants, Reformers, or restored Christians^vhom it was thus intended effectually to demolish, might bear their fate the more patiently, from the consideration that the good fathers who cursed them with so much resolution and zeal, could not forbear, on competent, and not v?ry vio- lent, provocation, as we have seen, to curse one another. Page 317. On the easy acquisition of Absolution. See Cone. Trid. Sess. XIV. c. vii. j ox Burioughs's View of Popery, 2d ed. 1737, pp. 149, &c. Page 322. After line 4, and at the close of the Council. It ought not to be overlooked, how, at the very close of the concluding session, and before the decrees of the whole council were recited, the rulers had provided that the entire of its enactments should be subject to the will of the Pope, by in- 40 SUPPLEMENT. serting, ' that, in the case of such difficulty as should require ' declaration or defirdtion, besides the remedies provided by ' the council, the synod trusted that the pontiff would take care ' that, with the assistance of individuals from the provinces ' where the difficulty might arise, and by a future council, or ' by some other means, at his discretion, the tranquillity of the ' church should be secured.' We shall see what advantage was taken of the suggestion. Page 323, at the end. Although the confirmation of the council by the Pope, which, it was carried by the last session, to petition, forms no part of the council itself, nor of the MSS. which I have prin- cipally followed, yet is there so much in that confirmation cha- racteristic of Rome and its sovereign, that inducement enough is afforded for giving it some attention. Unwilling as the pontiff was to bind himself by confirming the council, he made himself ample amends, when he found the act necessary, by reserving to himself the interpretation of its enactments ; for, as is the interpretation so is the law, be the law what it may. And we shall perceive that the spiritual sovereign not only secured the nullity of the council as to any operation injurious to himself, but made an advantage of it to increase his own authority. Little attention is due to a desultory and confused oration of the pontiff in a consistory on the 30th of December, 1563, in which, however, he does not fail to improve a vindication of his own sincerity to the claim of reserving to himself the correction or supply which the provisions of the council might yet need* The confirmation was proposed in form in a secret consistory * See Le Plat, Monum. vi. 306, el tejq. He refers to Mansi, Siippl. turn. Y. coll. 617. SUPPLEMENT. 41 held on the 26th of January, 1564, when Cardinal Farnese, as vice-chancellor, attested the petition to his holiness, for the confirmation to all and singular the decrees of the council j to which his holiness graciously assented *. The confirmation itself is contained in a bull of the same date, in the fifth and sixth sections of which occurs the pas- sage most entitled to notice, in which the pontiff guards against the danger of private interpretation, by forbidding to all eccle- siastics and others, on pain of excommunication, latcB sen- tentice, any commentary or interpretation of the decrees of the council, in any form or manner, without his consent. If, he adds, any obscurity requiring interpretation should appear, let the doubtful ' ascend to the place which the Lord hath chosen, ' to wit, the Apostolic See, the mistress of all the faithful, whose ' authority even the holy synod itself so reverently acknowledges. ' For we, if any difficulties arise, agreeably to the decree of the ' holy synod itself, reserve to ourselves the determination of ' them, ready to provide, as may seem good to us, according to ' the trust deservedly reposed in us, for all the necessities of ' every province t-' His holiness had authority from the council to issue certain constitutions for putting its provisions in execution. This affords his ambition a new stepping-stone. His commands were less diligently observed than he desired. In a Motus Proprius of the 2d of August, in the same year, he complains of this; and thereupon, as he announces, institutes a Con- * See the document in most of the collections of the Canons and Decrees of the Council, Le Plat's in particular. f Cujus auctoritatem etiam ipsa sancta Synodus tam reverenter agnovit. Nos enim difficultates et controversias, si quae ex eis decretis ortae fuerint, nobis declarandas, quemadmodum ipsa quoque sancta Sy- nodas decrevit, reservaraus, parati, sicut de nobis merito confisa est, om- nium provinciarum necessitatibus, ea ratione, quae commodior nobis visa fuerit, provider^. 42 SUPPLEMENT. gregation of Cardinals, to ensure the execution of, not only the decrees of the council, but likewise his own subsequent ones, under spiritual and pecuniary penalties, and, if need be, by an appeal to the secular arm, except where doubts may exist, which are to be referred to him ; and this notwithstanding any previous constitutions, &c., though confirmed by oath*. Sixtus V. was not a pope of half measures ; and finding something to add on this subject, in the Eighth of the Fifteen Congregations which he established or confirmed, he provided to recognise his own singular authority to call, confirm, and interpret General Councils. He extended the authority of the congregation as far as to interpretation, except in doubtful cases, in which it was necessary that he should be consulted. In minor cases of morals, reformation, and discipline, he allowed the members to decide ; but higher matters, particu- larly where favours were to be granted, were reserved to his holiness f- This long constitution bears the date March 23, 1587. From all this, it will appear plainly enough that the sove- reigns of the Roman church did not mean to lose by the Coimcil of Trent; and it was certainly not their fault if they did. Page 326. On the mockery of discussion on the papal side in the Colloquy of Ratisbon, in 1546. This is remarkably confirmed by the interesting history De Morte Sancti viri Joannis Diazii Hispani, &c., per Claudium Senarclaeum, 1546, p. 72, where the martyr, giving an account of his private conversation with Malvenda at the colloquy, * See Bullarium Magnum, under the date. t Majora ad nos referat, qui fratribus nostris Episcopis, quantum cum Domino licet, gratificari cupimus.' SUPPLEMENT. 43 represents him as concluding thus : — Frustra, inquit Mal- venda, hue venisti. Nam in hoc toto coUoquio nihil omnino conatitueretuT. — Cum igitur ego audirem Malvendam disert^ profitentem, nihil omnino fieri debere in coUoquio Ratisbonensi, facile intellexi omnia Pontificiorum consilia esse fraudulenta, k quibus incolumi religionis iutegritate nulla esset speranda Concordia. On the virtual denial of Reserved Cases by the Irish pseudo- bishops, see Parliamentary Report on the State of Ireland, before the Commons, in the examination of Dr. Doyle, March 18, 1825, p. 196 ; and Phillpotts's Letters to Charles Butkr, Esq. pp. 439, &c. Page 333. Of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York, Bishop of Frascati, there mentioned, it may be interesting, to be informed that a medal was struck to his honour in Rome in 1788, the cente- nary of the Revolution, with the legend round the head — Hen. IX. Mag. Brit. Fr. et Hib. Rex. Fid. Def. Card. Ep. Tbsc. The reverse is a figure with a cross ; the legend — NON . DESIDERIIS . HOMINUM . SED . VOLUNTATE . DEI. Ex- ergue — An. mcclxxxviii. The medal, in bronze, is in my possession. After a reference to the disgusting passage to be found in Appendix of the Consiitutiones Synodales of the Card. Duke of York, in the same page, add — There is matter almost equally offensive on the subject of Reserved Cases in a small work, Tractatus de Casibus Reser- vatis in Nova Dioecesi Gandavensi, Jussu ac Auctoritate illust. et Reverend. Episcopi, &c. 1805, p. 42. The tract has the autograph of J. F. Vandevelde. See more on this subject in my Spiritual Venality of Rome— the 2d ed. of the Taxatio Papalis, pp. 110, &c. 44 SUPPLEMENT. Page 372. On the sentence laudatory of the deified Virgin Mary, at the end of the Encyclical letter of the Pope, quce sola uni- versas hcereses interemit, where a reference is added by some ofiScious editor — S. Aug. — I would farther suggest, that the considerate critic might not think it so well to refer to the Missal and Breviary; in the first of which, and in the Missa Votiva de Sancta Maria may be found the words twice re- peated — Gaude Maria virgo, cunctas hcereses sola intere- misti ; and in the second, in the Officium parvum B. Mariee, the same, with an addition — Gaude Maria virgo, cunctas hce- reses sola interemisti in universo mundo. The same sentence appears in the blasphemous parody of the Athanasian Creed, at the end of Bonaventure's Psalterium Mariee, in an edition of the type of Martin Flack, and ascribed to the year 14^5. Is this, or are the service books, the original ? I am unwilling to omit, although out of place, as referring to p. 18, where the Qucestors are mentioned, a notice of that fraternity by a council at Beziers in 1247, which will perfectly dispel any possible surprise, or doubt, at the infamous manner in which they are reported to have frequently exercised their calling — Cum cerium sit per venales ac conductores qusestores, turn ex prava ipsorum vita, turn ex praedicatione erronea, multa scandalosa provenisse, damnatis in inferno liberationem pro niodica pccunia promittentes. Capit. v. Labb. et Coss. Cone. xi. fol. 678, 9. ( 45 ) I TAKE this opportunity of adding, that, unfortunately, in the Supplement to my Life and Pontificate of Pius V., and in the attempt there to present the notorious declaration of Francis Plowden, Esq., respecting the unchangeahleness of his church, in an accurate state, I was not sufficiently informed, as to the internal dissensions of the Roman Catholic body, (the subject of the voluble conveyancer's pamphlet,) to avoid a mistake relative to the side which he took in the dispute. That mis- take, however, which in no degree affects the sense or appli- cation of the particular sentence quoted from his work, may the more readily be excused, since, at the time, I could only take a hasty view of the volume in the British Museum. I have since obtained it, together with the Three Blue Books and Letters of Dr. Milner, after his transit from Vetoism to Anti-vetoism — all relative to the same internal dispute, and of some value as well as curiosity. I accordingly soon saw my mistake. In the copy of Dr. Milner's self-bepraised work, there are pencil MS. remarks, directly the reverse of lauda- tory, which seem to have come from the hand of Sir Henry Englefield. It is remarkable that, in the sentence in question, as it stands in the pamphlet itself of Mr. Plowden, there is an omission of the negative, which the evident sense absolutely requires to be supplied. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS STAMFORD STREET,