THE MARTIN P. CATHERWOOD LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002400913 STATISTICAL CHARTS FOE ST. LOUIS HHIBITION. CHARTS (REDUCED IN SIZE) ILLUSTEATna THE STATISTICS OF TKADE. EMPLOYMENT, AND CONDITIONS OE LABOUJi IN THE UNITED KINGDOM PREPARED FOR THE ST. LOUIS EXHIBITION BY THE COMMEECIAL, LABOUE, AND STATISTICAL DEPAETMENT OP THE BOARD OF TRADE. ^xtsmtib to both Rouses at §&xlmmtnt bg Cominaitb of ^10 JttajcBia. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE^ By DARLING & SON, Ltd., 34-40, Bacon Street, E. And to be purchased, either directly or tlirougli any Bookseller, from EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.G., and 32, Abingdon Street, Westminster, S.W. ; or OLIVER & BOYD, Edinburgh; or E. PONSONBY, 116, Grafton Street, Dublin, 1904. [Cd. 2145.] Price 4s. 9d. TO THE SECRETARy OF THE BOARD OF TRADE. Sib, I HAVE the honour to present a series of Charts, reproduced on a reduced scale from those prepared for the St. Louis Exhibition by the Commercial, Labour, and Statistical Department of the Board of Trade, to illustrate the statistics of trade employment and <;onditions of labour in the United Kingdom. The original series of Charts were on view at the offices of the Labour Department for a few days prior to their despatch to St. Louis in February. Subsequently a number of applications for copies of the Charts were received, and, in consequence, it has been considered desirable to reproduce them in a form available to the general public. The Statistical Tables on which the Charts were based are printed as an Appendix for convenient reference. ,j;-.-, - I have, &c., H. LLEWELLYN SMITH. COMMEECIAL, LaBOUR, AND STATISTICAL ' Department. STATISTICAL GHAETS FOR ST. LOUIS EXHIBITION RELATmS TO THE UNITED KINGDOM. Descriptive List of the Charts Prepared by the Commercial, Labour, and Statistical Department of the Board of Trade. The Charts, twenty-eight in number, have been prepared to illustrate the Statistics of the United Kingdom relating to the distribution according to the occupation of the industrial population ; Fluctuations in Unemployment ; "Wages and Prices ; Consumption bf Articles of Food and Drink ; Pauperism ; Foreign Trade ; the Production or Consumption of certain raw materials and manufactures ; Trade Disputes causing stop- page of work ; Trade Unions ; Co-operative Societies ; and Fatal Industrial Accidents. The Statistics on which the Charts are based will be found for the most part in the annual and other Reports of the various Departments of the Board of Trade, supplemented by Reports issued by the Home Office, the Local Government Board, the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, and the Registry of Friendly Societies. Occupations of the People. I. The first Chart shows the numbers returned as occupied in fourteen groups of trades at the time of the Census of 1901. The groups shown are Agriculture ; Domestic Service ; Conveyance of Men, Messages, Goods, etc. ; Metal, Engineering, and Shipbuilding Trades ; Clothing Trades ; Textile Trades ; Building Trades ;• Mining and Quarrying Industry ; Food, Tobacco, etc., Trades ; Woodworking and Furnishing Trades ; Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Trades ; Glass, Chemical, Pottery, etc., Trades ; General Labour and other Undefined and Miscellaneous Trades. The total numbers occupied, distinguishing males and females, are shown in the first column of the Chart, the second and third columns showing the numbers of 20 years of age and above, and the numbers under 20, in each of the 14 groups of trades. II. The second Chart shows the fluctuations in the numbers occupied in seven principal groups of trades according to the various censuses from 1851 to 1901. These seven groups are Agriculture ; Female Domestic Service ; Textile Trades ; Metal, Engineering, and Shipbuilding Trades ; Building Trades ; Mining and Quarrying ; and Tailoring and Boot and Shoe Trades. Employment. III. In the next Chart the average monthly and annual percentage of unemployed members of certain Trade Unions are shown for the period 1888-1903. The percentages; are based on the number of members out of work at the end of each month, as given by Trade Unions that report to the Board of Trade. Members on strike, or locked out, or unemployed through sickness, etc., are excluded. Fluctuations in Wages.* lY. Changes in rates of wages are shown according to the method of Index Numbers. Changes in the general level of wages in 1874-1903 are first dealt with, the wages in 1900 being taken as 100, and the wages in other years being shown as percentages of the rate in 1900. * The changes in wages dealt with in these Charts are changes in the standard time and. piece rates of wages for the same quantity and quality of labour. They do not show changes in earnings arising out of variations in. the extent of employment offered, or altered conditions of working. 1750 Wt 4734 5/04 D & S 1 18331 a. 07035 IV 4 V. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e). In these Charts the percentage changes are shown of the wages in five principal grotips of trades, viz., Building Trades, Coal Mining, Engineering Trades, Cotton, Linen, and Jute Trades, and Agriculture. VI. A special Chart for a much longer period (1850-1903) shows the changes in the cash rates, of wages of agricultural labourers in England and Wales based on returns fi-om 67 farms, each covering the full period of 54 years. Prices (Wholesale). VII. The general level of wholesale prices in the period 1871-1903 is shown. This is based on the combined prices of the 45 articles which constitute the Board of Trade Index Number for Prices. The relative weight given to each article is proportional to the extent to which it enters into the national consumption. VIII. (a), (b), (c), {d). In these Charts the 45 articles are arranged in 4 groups, viz., Coal and Metals ; Raw Materials of Textiles ; Articles of Food and Drink ; and other Raw Materials, etc., and the fluctuations in the prices for each group are shown separately. Peices of Wheat and Bread. IX. This Chart shows the market price per quarter (480 lbs.) of British Wheat in England and Wales for over 100 years (1800-1903), together with the retail price per 4 lbs. of Bread in London and Edinburgh, the price in London being given for the whole period 1800-1903 (except for the years 1816-1819), and that for Edinburgh from 1824-1903. Retail Prices in liONDON. X. This Chart shows the percentage fluctuations in the general level of retail prices of nine of the principal articles of food consumed by the working classes in London in 1877-1903. It is based on the prices of beef, mutton, bacon, bread, flour, potatoes, tea, sugar, and butter. XI. and XII. In the two following Charts are shown the percentage fluctuations in the prices of eight of the articles included in the first Chart. Consumption of Food and Drink. XIII. This Chart shows the consumption per head of the population of certain dutiable articles. The number of pounds per head consumed of tea, currants and raisins, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, and sugar (raw and refined) is shown for the period 1854-1903, and the consumption of British beer in gallons for 1881- 1903. XIV. In this Chart the total net consumption of wheat in the United Kingdom is shown for the period 1853-1903, and also the amounts of British and imported wheat respectively. XV. The next Chart represents the consumption and expenditure, as regards meat and flour and bread, of agricultural labourers' families and of urban workmen's families. The figures are based on a number of budgets furnished to the Board of Trade in 1903. Pauperism. XVI. This Chart shows for the period 1855-1902, (1) the number of paupers in the United Kingdom, and (2) the number of able-bodied paupers in England and Wales, each expressed at a rate per 1,000 of the population in the United Kingdom and England and Wales respectively. FOEEIGN TbADE. XVIT. The Imports and Exports of the United Kingdom for 1854-1903 are shown in. this Chart, the Imports for home CDnsumption and the Exports of British and Irish produce being each shown separately, as well as the gross totals of the- Imports and Exports respectively. Shipping and Railway Traffic. XVIII. The nett tonnage of the vessels entered and cleared with cargoes in the foreign, trade at ports in the United Kingdom is next shown for the years 1854-1903,. and the receipts from Kailway goods traffic are given for 1854-1902. Production and Home Consumption. XIX. The production and home consumption of coal and pig iron are shown on this- Chart, the period being 1854-1902, except in the case of the home consumption of coal, particulars of which are only given for the years 1873-1902. XX. This Chart shows the home consumption of raw cotton and raw wool, and the net tonnage of all vessels built in the United Kingdom, excluding only war vessels built for the British Navy. Trade Disputes. XXI. and XXII. These two Charts relate to Trade Disputes causing stoppage of work. The first shows for each of the years 1894-1903 the number of workpeople directly and indirectly affected by the disputes, and the aggregate duration in working days. The second classifies the numbers directly affected, according to trade, cause and result. Trade Unions. XXIir. and XXIV. The first of these Charts shows the membership of all Trade Unions in 1893-1902, classified according to trade, the mean membership during the ten years being thus shown, as well as the membership in each year. In the second the expenditure of 100 principal Unions has been analysed, the expenditure on Trade Disputes and the chief classes .of friendly benefit, and on working and other expenses being shown for each of the ten years and for the mean of the period. Workmen's Co-operative Societies. XXV. The next Chart shows for 1902 (1) the sales of Wholesale and Retail Distributive Societies ; and (2) the value of goods produced by Productive- Co-operative Societies, classified {a) according to class of society and (b) according to the class of articles produced. XXVI. In another Chart the growth of Co-operation since 1862 is shown, the amount of the Sales, the Share and Loan Capital, and the Membership being' represented for each of the years during the period. Fatal Industrial Accidents. XXVII. and XXVIII. The last two Charts in the exhibit deal with Fatal Industrial' Accidents. One shows the relative risk of death from accident in certain occupations, expressed as a rate per 10,000 of the numbers employed. The- occupations shown are : — seafaring, coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, railway service, and the various kinds of employment in factories. The rate is based on the experience of the years 1898-1902. The other shows the fluctuations from year to year from 1880 in the principal occupations, viz.,, those of seamen, coal miners, metal miners, railway servants, factory operatives, quarrymen, and the miscellaneous occupations so far covered by legislation. 18381 J APPENDIX. STATISTICAL TABLES ON WHICH THE FOREGOING CHARTS ARE BASED. LIST OF TABLES. [The numbers of the Tables correspond to the numbers of the Charts.] Page. I. OcctrpATlONS. — Number of Persons occupied in certain groups of Trades in 1901 ... ; 3 II. OcCTTPATlONS. — Changes in numbers occupied in certain manual labour groups of Trades in United Kingdom, 1851-1901 4 III. Employment. — Fluctuations in Employment, 1888-1903 5 IV. & V. Wages. — Percentage Fluctuations in the Average Standard Rates of Wages, 1874-1903, as compared with Standard Year, 1900 6 VI. Wages. — Percentage Fluctuations in the Wages of Agricultural Labourers, 1850-1903, as compared with Standard Year, 1900 7 VII. & VIII. Wholesale Prices. — Percentage Changes in the level of General and Group Prices as compared with Standard Year, 1900 8 IX. Prices op Wheat and Bkbad.— 1800-1903 9 X. Retail Prices. — Percentage Fluctuations in the Retail Prices of Food in London, 1877-1903, as compared with Standard Year, 1900. Based on the Prices of Nine Principal Articles 11 XI. Retail Prices. — Percentage Fluctuations in the Retail Prices of Beef, Mutton,' Bacon, and Butter, in London, 1886-1903, as compared with Standard Year, 1900 12 XII. Retail Prices. — Percentage Fluctuations in the Retail Prices of Tea, Sugar, Flour, and Bread, in London, 1886-1903, as compared with Standard Year, 1900 13 XIII. Consumption. — Consumption of certain Dutiable Articles per head of Population, 1854-1903 14 XIV. Consumption. — Consumption of Wheat (including Flour) in United Kingdom, 1853 -1903 16 XV. Expenditure and Consumption. — Weekly Expenditure on, and Consumption of, Meat (Beef, Mutton, Pork, and Bacon) and Bread and Flour by (1) Agricultural Labourers' Families, and (2) Urban Workmen's Families 18 XVI. Pauperism.— Number of Paupers per 1,000 of Population, 1855-1902 19 XVII. Foreign Trade. — Imports and Exports, 1854-1903 20 X:VIII. Shipi'ing and Railway Traffic— 1854-1903 22 XIX. Production and Consumption.— Production and Consumption of Coal and Pig Iron, 1854-1902 ... 24 XX. Production and Consumption.— Consumption of Raw Cotton and Wool, and Tonnage of Ships Built, 1854-1902 26 XXI. Trade Disputes. — Number of Workpeople Directly and Indirectly Affected, and Aggregate Duration of Trade Disputes in Working Days, 1894-1903 28 XXII. Trade Disputes. — Number of Workpeople Directly Affected by Trade Disputes, Classified by Trades, Causes and Results. Mean of Ten Years, 1894-1903 29 XXIIL Trade Unions.— Membership of all Trade Unions, 1893-1902 30 XXIV. Trade Unions.— Analysis of Expenditure of Trade Unions, 1893-1902 31 XXV. Co-operation.— Co-operative Distribution and Production in 1902 32 XXVI. Co-operation.— Growth of Co-operation, 1862-1902 33 XXVII. Fatal Industrial Accidents. — Mean Annual Death Rate from Industrial Accidents per 10,000 employed in Principal Trades in 1898 35 XXVIII. Fatal Industrial Accidents. — Number killed among principal classes of Workpeople, 1880-1903 ... 36 Population op the United Kingdom at the middle op each tear, 1854-1902 37 I.— OCCUPATIONS. NUMBER OF PERSONS OCCUPIED IN CERTAIN GROUPS OP TRADES IN UNITED KINGDOM IN 1901. [Based on the Census Reports of the United Kingdom for 1901.J Persons Occupied, including Employers and Dealers. Groups of Trades. Males. Females. Under 20 years of age. 20 years of age and above. Total. Under 20 years of age. 20 years of age and above. Total. Building Mining and Quarrying Metal, Engineering and Ship- building.* Textile Clothing Printing, Bookbinding and Paper. Woodworking and Furnishing Brick, Pottery, Glass, Chemicals Food, Driijik and Tobacco Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages. Other Trades General Labourers and others (undefined). Domestic Service Agriculturef 172,935 177,833 264,489 131,701 66,565 41,036 950,483 723,782 1,105,355 378,842 369,742 136,423 1,123,418 901,615 1,369,844 510,543 436,307 177,459 140 2,772 30,797 294,513 272,164 47,727 829 2,154 35,194 496,629 606,983 46,710 969 4,926 65,991 791,142 879,147 94,437 59,070 44,974 58,623 339,681 257,219 165,513 238,826 1,203,842 316,289 210,487 297,449 1,543,523 10,097 23,841 39,916 15,913 16,193 26,015 48,538 13,931 26,290 49,856 88,454 29,844 91,847 94,204 725,838 629,373 817,685 723,577 76,588 10,938 418,038 14,024 494,626 24,962 55,798 325,284 232,726 1,530,158 288,524 1,905,442 553,165 12,904 1,087,989 135,647 1,641,154 148,551 Total 1,924,040 8,698,122 10,622,162 1,391,475 2,948,874 4,340,349 Persons Occupied, including Employers and Dealers. Groups of Trades. Total Males and Females. Under 20 years of age. 20 years of age and above. Total. Building Mining and Quarrying Metal, Engineering and Shipbuilding* Textile Clothing Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Woodworking and Furnishing Brick, Pottery, Glass, Chemicals Food, Drink and Tobacco Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages. Other Trades General Labourers and others (un- defined). Domestic Service ... ' Agriculturef 173,075 180,605 295,286 426,214 338,729 88,763 69,167 68,815 98,539 355,594 168,435 105,142 608,963 338,188 951,312 725,936 1,140,549 875,471 976,725 183,133 273,412 191,528 287,364 1,217,773 1,143,876 643,397 1,320,715 1,715,805 1,124,387 906,541 1,435,835 1,301,685 1,315,454 271,896 342,579 260,343 385,903 1,573,367 1,312,311 748,539 1,929,678 2,053,993 Total 3,315,515 11,646,996 14,962,511 Excluding workers in precious metals, jewellery, &c., and makers of watches and scientific and surgical instruments, t Excluding woodmen, nurserymen and gardeners ; also farmers' daughters and other female relatives. 18381 A 2 II.— OCCUPATIONS. CHANGES IN NUMBERS OCCUPIED IN CERTAIN MANUAL LABOUR GROUPS OF TRADES IN UNITED KINGDOM, 1851-1901. [Based on the Census Reports of the United Kingdom for 1851-1901.] Groups of Trades. PeisonB Occupied, including Employers and Dealers. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1881. 1891. 1901. Building ... Mining and Quarrying Metal, Engineering and Ship- building.* Textile Tailoring, Boot and Shoe Female Domestic Service Agriculturet 508,634 372,481 504,968 1,671,681 596,173 714,987 450,120 669,814 1,501,790 .504,072 516,246 1,093,870 3,347,998 1,397,183 3,089,903 518,798 789,230 1,446,266 833,386 589,194 900,954 836,413 1,124,387 724,526 1,056,724 1,337,500 1,391,453 474,485 477,101 1,562,237 2,710,241 1,595,678 2,478,979 546,034 1,748,954 2,266,118 906,541 1,435,835 1,301,685 599,409 1,641,154 2,053,993 Excluding workers in precious metals, jewellery, &c., and makers of watches and scientific and surgical instruments, t Excluding woodmen, nurserymen and gardeners ; also farmers' wives, daughters, and other female relatives. III.— EMPLOYMENT. FLUCTUATIONS IN EMPLOYMENT, 1888-1903. Pbrcbntagb Proportion of Members of Trade Unions making returns who were Unemployed at End of each Month. [The Figures for the Years 1888-1902 are taken from the Ninth Annual Abstract of Labour Statistics (Cd. 1755 of 1903) ; those for 1903 are taken from the Labour Gazette.'] Percentage Number of Members Unemployed. At end of 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. January 7-8 3-1 1-4 3-4 5-0 10-0 7-0 8-2 4-5 3-3 5-0 3-0 2-7 4-0 4-4 5-1 February 7-0 2-8 1-4 2-6 5-7 9-5 6-3 7-9 3-8 3-0 4-4 2-6 2-9 3-9 4-3 4-8 March 5-7 2-2 1-7 2-8 5-7 8-7 6-5 6-5 3-5 2-5 3-1 2-5 2-3 3-6 3-7 4-3 April 5-2 2-0 2-0 2-7 5-4 6-9 6-1 6-5 3-2 2-5 2-9 2-2 2-5 3-8 3-9 4-1 May 4-8 2-0 2-0 3-0 5-9 6-2 6-3 6-0 3-3 2-3 2-7 2-5 2-4 3-6 4-0 4-0 June 4-6 1-8 1-9 2-9 5-2 5-8 6-3 5-6 3-2 2-7 2-6 2-3 2-6 3-5 4-2 4-5 July 3-9 1-7 2-3 3-3 5-0 6-2 7-4 5-3 3-1 2-7 2-6 2-3 2-7 3-4 .4-0 4-9 August 4-8 2-5 2-3 4-2 5-1 7-1 7-7 5-2 3-4 3-5 2-8 2-3 3-0 3-9 4-5 5-5 September 4-4 2-1 2-6 4-5 6-2 7-3 7-6 4-9 3-6 4-4 2-6 2-4 3-6 3-7 5-0 5-8 October 4-4 1-8 2-6 4-4 7-3 7-3 7-4 4-9 3-3 4-7 2-5 2-3 3-3 3-7 5-0 5-8 November 3-1 1-5 2-4 3-8 8-3 7-2 7-0 4-3 2-9 4-8 2-3 2-2 3-2 3-8 4-8 6-0 December 3-3 1-7 3-0 4-4 10-2 7-9 7-7 4-8 3-2 5-3 2-9 2-5 4-0 4-6 5-5 6-7 Yearly Mean .., 4-9 2-1 2-1 3-5 6-3 7-5 6-9 5-8 3-4 3-5 3-0 2-4 2-9 3-8 4-4 5-1 IV., V. a, b, c, d, e.— WAGES. PERCENTAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE AVERAGE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES, 1874-1903, AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD YEAR 1900. [Based on the particulars published in the Report on Standard Time Bates of Wages (Cd. 317 of 1900) and in the Ninth Annual Abstract of Labour Statistics (Cd. 1755 of 1903), and on subsequent Returns.] End of Year. BUILDING TRADES. (Bricklayers, Carpenters and Joiners, and Masons.) Mean of '74 Rates. , COAL MINING. (Hewers.) Weighted Percentage Changes in Principal Districts. ENGINEER- ING. (Fitters, Turners, Ironfounders, and Pattern makers.) Mean of 36 Rates. TEXTILE. (Cotton Spinners and Weavers, and Linen and Jute Operatives.) AGRICUL- TURK. (Ordinary Labourers.) Mean of 115 Rates. Unweighted Mean of pre- ceding Groups of Trades. 1874 81-11 88-90 88-77 106-67 93-22 91-73 1875 84-45 79-38 88-99 104-89 93-79 90-30 1876 87-78 70-66 88-86 104-89 94-92 89-42 1877 90-00 65-65 88-86 102-22 94-92 88-33 1878 88-89 61-98 88-05 92-45 94-35 85-14 1879 86-67 62-11 87-86 88-01 92-09 83-35 1880 85-55 61-45 88-05 89-78 91-53 83-27 1881 85-55 63-23 89-36 94-23 91-53 84-78 1882 85-55 67-91 89-94 94-23 91-53 85-83 1883 84-45 69-24 90-09 93-33 92-09 85-84 1884 84-45 65-67 89-99 93-56 91-53 85-04 1885 84-45 63-10 89-96 90-22 90-40 83-63 1886 84-45 61-09 89-60 89-34 89-83 82-86 1887 84-45 60-85 90-29 90-22 89-27 83-02 1888 84-45 64-80 91-29 93-78 89-27 84-72 1889 85-55 75-79 91-72 94-67 89-83 87-51 1890 86-67 85-85 92-68 95-12 90-96 90-26 1891 87-78 86-52 93-31 96-89 93-22 91-54 1892 88-89 78-88 93-31 96-00 93-22 90-06 1893 90-00 80-44 92-60 94-97 92-66 90-13 1894 91-11 76-13 92-56 94-97 92-66 89-49 1895 92-22 72-54 93-18 94-97 92-66 89-11 1896 93-33 71-90 96-75 94-97 92-66 89-92 1897 94-45 72-60 98-18 94-97 93-79 90-80 1898 97-78 78-60 99-19 94-97 95-48 93-20 1899 98-89 83-53 99-61 98-22 96-61 95-37 1900 100-00 10000 100-00 100-00 100-00 100-00 1901 100-00 93-95 100-29 100-00 101-13 99-07 1902 100-00 87-53 100-29 100-00 101-13 97-78 1903 100-00 84-92 99-93 100-00 101-13 97-20 VI.— WAGES. PERCENTAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN WAGES* OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, 1850-1903 AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD YEAR 1900. [Based on the Report, on Wages and Earnings of Agricultural Labourers in the United Kingdom (Cd. 316 of 1900), and on subsequent Returns.] Year. Percentage. Year. Percentage. Year. Percentage. 1850 64-4 1868 82-8 1886 89-1 1851 63-8 1869 81-6 1887 87-9 1852 63-8 1870 81-6 1888 87-4 1853 69-0 187] 83-3 1889 88-5 1854 74-1 1872 87-4 1890 90-2 1855 76-4 ]873 92-0 1891 ... 92-0 1856 75-9 1874 93-1 1892 92-5 1857 74-0 1875 93-7 1893 92-0 1858 74-1 1876 94-3 1894 91-4 1859 73-6 1877 94-3 1895 91-4 1860 75-3 1878 94-3 1896 92-0 1861 76-4 1879 91-4 1897 92-5 1862 75-9 1880 90-8 1898 94-8 1863 75-9 1881 90-8 1899 96-0 1864 75-9 1882 91-4 1900 ... 100*0 1865 77-0 1883 91-4 1901 100-6 1866 79-3 1884 90-8 1902 100-6 1867 82-2 1885 89-7 1903 100-6 * Mean of rates paid on 67 Farms. VII. and VIII. a, b, c, d.— WHOLESALE PRICES. PERCENTAGE CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF GENERAL PRICES, 1871-1903, AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD YEAR 1900, [Based on the Report on Wholesale and Retail Prices in the United Kingdom, (P.P. 321 of 1903), and Labour Gazette, February, 1904.] Year. Index No. for 45 Articles. Group I. Goal and Hetals. (6 Articles.) Group II., Textiles (Raw Materials). (6 Articles.) Group III., Pood and Drink (22 Articles.) Group IV., Miscellaneous Raw Materials.* (10 Articles.) 1871 .. 1872 ... 1873 ... 1874 ... 1875 ... 1876 ... 1877 ... 1878 ... 1879 ... 1880 ... 1881 ... 1882 ... 1883 ... 1884 ... 1885 ... 1886 ... 1887 ... 1888 ... 1889 ... 1890 ... 1891 ... 1892 ... 1893 ... 1894 ... 1895 ... 1896 ... 1897 ... 1898 ... 1899 ... 1900 1901 ... 1902 ... 1903 ... 120-2 132-9 142-8 136-5 129-6 125-2 126-6 119-4 114-1 117-1 115-0 116-9 116-0 106-1 99-8 94-4 92-2 95-3 97-1 99-5 lOM 96-3 94-6 90-3 86-8 83-9 85-7 88-5 89-5 100-0 95-2 94-7 94-4 65-8 101-4 128-2 104-5 83-1 70-6 65-8 61-2 57-1 62-5 60-0 60-4 59-4 56-9 54-0 51-9 52-7 54-6 61-9 74-8 70-2 65-0 58-9 60-4 56-5 54-8 55-6 61-0 70-8 100-0 82-1 75-6 73-2 142-9 162-9 157-4 146-6 143-1 133-7 131-0 126-4 120-1 126-6 124-3 120-1 117-1 114-0 108-1 98-6 101-0 100-0 103-4 104-1 100-1 94-4 95-1 86-9 82-4 91-4 85-3 78-3 81-7 1000 93-9 92-9 101-8 133-5 137-1 144-5 145-0 143-3 142-6 147-3 139-1 134-2 134-6 132-7 136-6 136-3 122-0 113-6 108-3 104-5 109-2 108-3 107-6 113-4 108-5 108-3 102-7 99-1 92-7 96-7 100-3 97-7 100-0 100-5 102-4 101-0 134-6 141-5 147-4 145-9 133-6 131-8 131-0 118-8 109-7 120-1 119-1 119-9 117-8 110-6 107-9 99-3 93-3 95-6 100-0 98-1 94-3 91-7 89-1 84-4 84-3 85-6 86-0 89-5 91-4 1000 96-5 93-1 92-0 * Oils, timber, hides, &c. IX.— PRICES OF WHEAT AND BREAD, 1800-1903. MARKET PRICE PER QUARTER OP BRITISH WHEAT IN ENGLAND AND WALES AND RETAIL PRICE PER 4 LBS. OF HOUSEHOLD BREAD IN LONDON AND EDINBURGH. [The Prices of Wheat are the London Gazette prices as published in the Agricultural Returns of Great Britain issued by the Board of Agriculture akd Fisheries. The prices of bread are taken from the Beport on Wholesale and Betail Prices (P.P. 321, of 1903), supplemented by prices given in Hadyn's Dictionary of Dates (1904)]. Tear. British Wheat. Household Bread. London. Household Bread. Edinburgh. Year. British Wheat. Household Bread. London. Household Bread. Edinburgh. 1800 Per quarter. s. d. 113 10 Per 4 lbs. d. 15-3 Per 4 lbs. d. » 1824 Per quarter. s. d. 63 11 Per 4 lbs. d. 10-5 Per 4 lbs. d. 9-75 1801 119 6 15-5 * 1825 68 6 10-5 9-5 1802 69 10 9-5 » 1826 58 8 9-5 9-5 1803 58 10 8-7 # 1827 58 6 9-5 9-0 1804 62 3 9-7 * 1828 '. 60 5 9-5 9-25 1805 89 9 13-1 » 1829 66 3 10-5 11-25 1806 79 1 11-7 » 1830 64 3 10-5 9-25 1807 75 4 10-8 * 1831 66 4 10-0 9-25 1808 81 4 11-6 » 1832 58 8 10-0 9-25 1809 97. 4 13-7 « 1833 52 11 8-5 7-88 1810 106 5 14-7 » 1834 46 2 8-0 7-25 1811 95 3 14-0 * 1835 39 4 7-0 6-25 , 1812 126 6 17-0 w 1836 48 6 8-0 6-13 1813 ... 109 9 15-7 » 1837 55 10 8-5 8-13 1814 74 4 11-4 ^ 1838 64 7 10-0 8-75 1815 65 7 10-4 # 1839 70 8 10-0 9-38 1816 78 6 » « 1840 66 4 10-0 9-38 , 1817 ... 96 11 # # 1841 64 4 9-0 8-75 1 1818 .. : ... 86 3 » » 1842 57 3 9-5 8-38 1819 ... ! ... 74 6 * » 1843 50 1 7-5 6-63 1820 ... 67 10 10-1 * 1844 51 3 8-5 6-88 1821 56 1 9-5 # 1845 ' 50 10 7-5 6-75 1822 44 7 9-5 » 1846 54 8 8-5 8-0 1823 53 4 10-25 « 1847 69 9 11-5 8-75 — -- -■- 18381 * Figures not available. 10 IX.— PRICES OF WHEAT AND BREAD, 1800-190Q— continued. Year. British Wheat. Household Bread. London. Household Bread. Edinburgh. Year. British Wheat. Household Bread. London. Household Bread. Edinburgh. 1848 Per quarter. s. d. 50 6 Per 4 lbs. d. 7-5 Per 4 lbs. d. 7-0 1876 Per quarter. s. d. 46 2 Per 4 lbs. d. 7-15 Per 4 lbs. d. 8-13 1849 44 3 7-0 6-75 1877 56 9 8-13 9-0 1850 40 3 6-75 6-13 1878 46 5 7-50 8-25 1851 38 6 6-75 6-13 1879 43 10 7-13 7-88 1852 40 9 6-75 6-13 1880 44 4 6-98 8-5 1853 53 3 8-3 7-25 1881 45 4 7-04 8-13 1854 72 5 10-5 9-38 1882 45 1 7-38 8-0 1855 74 8 10-75 10-25 1883 41 7 7-00 7-5 1856 ... »... 69 2 10-75 10-13 1884 35 8 6-78 6-75 1857 56 4 9-0 8-88 1885 32 10 6-23 6-63 1858 44 2 7-5 7-13 1886 31 6-25 6-13 1859 43 9 7-75 7-13 1887 32 6 5-63 6-13 1860 53 3 8-75 8-13 1888 31 10 5-69 6-0 1861 55 4 9-0 8-5 1889 29 9 6-02 6-25 1862 55 5 8-5 8-5 1890 31 11 6-00 6-25 1863 44 9 7-5 7-63 1891 37 6-21 6-5 1864 40 2 7-0 6-88 1892 ... ' ... 30 3 6-23 6-0 1865 41 10 7-5 6-88 1893 26 4 5-75 5-38 1866 49 11 8-75 8-25 1894 22 10 5-48 4-88 1867 64 5 10-25 9-75 1895 23 1 5-08 4-75 1868 63 9 9-25 9-0 1896 26 2 5-09 5-13 1869 48 2 7-75 7-5 1897 30 2 5-50 6-0 1870 46 11 8-00 8-0 1898 34 6-02 6-25 1871 56 8 9-00 8-5 1899 25 8 5-09 5-5 1872 57 9-75 9-25 1900 26 11 5-23 5-75 1873 58 8 8-0 9-5 1901 26 9 5-00 5-75 1874 55 9 7-25 9-13 1902 28 1 5-28 5-5 1875 45 2 6-83 7-88 1903 ... 26 9 5-585 5-63 11 X.— RETAIL PRICES. PERCENTAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD IN LONDON, 1&77-1903, AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD TEAR 1900. [Based on the Prices of Nine Principal Articles.*] (Extracted from Memoranda on British and Foreign Trade and Industry, Cd. 1761 of 1903.) Year. j Percentage. Year. Percentage. Year. Percentage. 1877 149-0 1886 109-4 1895 94-8 1878 139-6 1887 104-2 1896 90-6 1879 133-3 1888 104-2 1897 97-9 1880 141-7 1889 108-3 1898 104-2 1881 138-5 1890 106-3 1899 96-9 1882 138-5 1891 108-3 1900 100-0 1883 138-5 1892 108-3 1901 104-2 1884 127-1 1893 102-1 1902 102-2 1885 115-6 1894 99-0 1903 104-4 Flour, Bread, Potatoes, Beef, Mutton, Bacon, Sugar, Tea, and Butter. 18381 12 XI.— RETAIL PRICES. PERCENTAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE RETAIL PRICES OF BEEF, MUTTON, BACON, AND BUTTER IN LONDON, 1886-1903, AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD YEAR 1900. [Based on the figures given in Report on Wholesale and Retail Prices (P.P. 321 of 1903).3 Year. Beef. Mutton. Bacon. Butter. 1886 104-8 117-5 97-8 87-5 1887 98-8 107-9 80-0 96-3 1888 98-8 115-9 75-6 92-6 1889 97-6 120-6 80-0 87-5 1890 96-4 115-9 95-6 92-6 1891 97-6 107-9 97-8 98-5 1892 98-8 104-8 102-2 102-2 1893 95-2 96-8 117-8 103-7 1894 96-4 101-6 100-0 95-6 1895 „ 96-4 96-8 91-1 88-2 1896 94-0 90-5 77-8 95-6 1897 97-6 93-7 100-0 95'6 1898 96-4 92-1 102-2 96-3 1899 101-2 96-8 91-1 101-1 1900 100-0 1000 100-0 100-0 1901 101-2 104-8 111-1 100-0 1902 107-2 100-8 108-9 99-3 1903 101-2 106-3 104-4 97-4 13 XII.— RETAIL PRICES. PERCENTAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE RETAIL PRICES OF TEA, SUGAR, FLOUR AND BREAD IN LONDON, 1886-1903, AS COMPARED WITH STANDARD YEAR, 1900. [Based on figures given in Report on Wholesale and Retail Prices (P.P. 321, of 1903).] Year. Tea. Bread. Sugar. Flour. 1886 ... 1887 ... 1888 ... 1889 ... 1890 ... 1891 ... 1892 ... 1893 ... -1894 ... 0.895 ... 1896 ... -1897 ... 1898 ... J899 ... 1900 1901 ... 1902 ... 1903 ... 120-0 120-0 120-0 120-0 110-0 95-0 95-0 95-0 90-0 90-0 90-0 90-0 90-0 90-0 1000 100-0 100-0 100-0 119-5 107-6 108-8 115-1 114-7 118-7 119-1 109-9 104-8 97-1 97-2 105-2 115-1 97-2 100-0 95-6 100-9 106-8 114-3 100-0 114-3 114-3 100-0 100-0 114-3 100-0 114-3 85-7 100-0 85-7 85'7 100-0 1000 142-9 114-3 114-3 105-9 111-8 102-9 114-7 102-9 108-8 120-6 88-2 88-2 79-4 88-2 105-9 126-5 94-1 1000 102-9 102-9 105-9 14 XIII.— CONSUMPTION. CONSUMPTION OF CERTAIN DUTIABLE ARTICLES PER HEAD OF POPULATION 1854-1903. Note. — The figures for all the articles except sugar, are taken from the Statistical Abstracts of the- United Kingdom. The figures for sugar are calculated from the imports less the exports and re-exports. 1 Year. Cocoa. Coffee. Currants and Raisins. Tea. Tobacco. Sugar (Raw and Refined). Beer (British). lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gallons. 18,54 1, 0-16 1-35 1-65 2-24 1-10 33-23 » 1855 0-16 1-29 1-62 2-28 1-09 30-21 » 1856 0-13 1-25 1-96 2-26 1-16 27-02 # 1857 0-09 1-22 1-74 2-45 1-16 29-00 » 1858 0-10 1-24 2-53 2-58 1-20 34-00 » 1859 0-11 1-20 3-07 2-67 1-21 34-33 •- 1860 ... 0-11 1-23 3-59 2-67 1-22 33-81 M 1861 0-12 1-21 3-50 2-69 1-20 34-94 * 1862 0-12 1-18 3-75 2-70 1-21 35-09 *- 1863 0-13 1-11 4-10 2-90 1-27 34-91 * 1864 , ... 0-13 1-06 3-91 3-00 1-29 36-35 * 1865 0-13 1-02 4-12 3-29 1-31 39-15 •- 1866 0-14 ■ 1-02 3-96 3-42 1-35 40-48 s 1867 0-14 1-04 3-96 3-68 1-35 42-53 » 1868 0-17 1-00 4-24 3-52 1-35 41-01 •- 1869 .. 0-19 0-94 4-19 3-63 1-35 41-43 • 1870 0-20 0-98 4-03 3-81 1-34 45-11 »- 1871' 0-23 0-97 4-38 3-92 1-36 43-97 » 1872 0-24 0-98 4-74 4-01 1-37 45-10 • 1873 0-26 0-99 4-29 4-11 1-41 49-07 * 1874 0-27 0-96 4-48 4-23 1-44 53-07 • 1875 0-30 0-98 4-28 4-43 1-46 59-35 • 1876 0-31 099 4-71 4-49 1-46 53-06 » 1877 0-30 0-96 4-16 4-50 1-49 60-98 » * Cannot be stated. 16 XIII.— CONSUMPTION.— confonwec?. Year. Cocoa. CoflEee. Currants and Raisins. Tea. Tobacco. Sugar (Raw and Refined). Beer (British). lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gallons. 1878 0-29 0-97 4-47 4-64 1-44 55-14 » 1879 0-29 0-99 4-27 4-68 1-40 63-03 * 1880 0-30 0-92 3-92 4-57 • 1-42 60-28 » 1881 0-31 0-89 4-34 4-58 1-41 6i-44 27-79 1882 0-34 0-89 4-33 4-69 1-42 67-31 27-63 1883 0-36 0-89 4-49 4-82 1-43 68-42 27-25 1884 0-39 0-90 4-41 4-90 1-45 69-60 27-80 1885 0-41 0-91 4-16 5-06 1-46 71-84 27-09 1886 0-42 0-87 4-07 4-92 1-44 64-05 26-90 1887 0-44 0-80 4-40 5-02 1-45 72-00 27-27 1888 0-53 0-83 4-42 5-03 1-48 69-02 27-21 1889 0-55 0-76 4-11 4-99 1-51 74-92 28-88 1890 0-60 0-75 4-70 5-17 1-55 71-09 30-00 1«91 0-63 0-76 4-82 5-35 1-61 78-01 30-16 1892 0-61 0-74 4-58 5-43 1-64 7515 29-75 1893 0-60 0-69 5-01 5-40 1-62 75-49 29-55 1894 0-64 0-68 4-90 5-51 1-66 76-92 29-41 1895 0-69 0-70 4-96 5-65 1-66 85-15 29-58 1896 0-70 0-69 4-93 5-75 1-72 82-20 30-79 1897 0-90 068 4-78 5-79 1-75 78-12 31-29 1898 0-95 0-68 4-81 5-83 1-82 82-73 31-76 1899 0-96 0-71 4-81 5-95 1-88 82-08 32-53 1900 1-08 0-71 3-70 6-07 1-95 85-53 31-56 1901 1-20 0-76 4-09 616 1-89 87-49 30-77 1902 1-28 0-68 4-77 6-06 1-92 82-04 30-24 1903 1-20 0-73 4-52 6-03 1-97 79-60 29-95 * Cannot be stated. 16 XIV.— CONSUMPTION. CONSUMPTION OF WHEAT (INCLUDING FLOUR) IN UNITED KINGDOM, 1853-1903. [Based on the figures given in Lawes & Gilbert's " Home Produce, Imports, Consumption, &c., of • Wheat, 1852-1892 " {Journal of Royal Agricultural Society, Vol. IV,, 3rd Series, 1893), in the Agricultural Returns of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the Annual Statements of Trade.'] Year. Net Consumption of {lome Grown Wheat. Net Consumption of Imported Wheat and Flour. Total. Thousand Bushels. Thousand Bushels. Thousand Bushels. 1853 81,774 50,706 132,480 1854 94,812 36,364 131,176 1855 122,679 25,944 148,623 1856 103,637 42,258 145,895 1857 113,607 32,701 146,308 1858 • 128,548 44,226 172,774 1859 114,069 40,870 154,939 1860 91,908 60,696 152,604 1861 81,341 69,209 150,550 1862 95,824 95,108 190,932 1863 115,661 58,638 174,299 1864 132,680 54,724 187,404 1865 117,577 49,148 166,725 1866 97,942 55,981 153,923 1867 79,068 73,522 152,590 1868 88,420 68,363 156,783 1869 118,259 84,217 202,476 1870 99,833 67,131 166,964 1871 90,495 81,752 172,247 1872 83,332 89,588 172,920 1873 79,291 95,912 175,203 1874 84,198 92,055 176,253 1875 94,858 112,572 207,430 1876 72,313 96,862 169,175 1877 74,257 118,644 192,901 1878 84,850 111,708 196,558 1879 75,910 137,944 213,854 1880 48,610 128,475 177,085 17 XIV.— CONSUMPTION— conftnwec^. Year. Net Consumption of Home Grown Wheat. Net Consumption of Imported Wheat and Flour. Total. Thousand Bushels. Thousand Bushels. Thousand Bushels. 1881 66,417 134,486 200,903 1882 67,663 151,236' 218,899 1883 73,663 160,595 234,258 1884 72,012 124,920 196,932 1885 74,950 154,183 229,133 1886 68,200 124,197 192,397 1887 61,777 149,395 211,172 1888 69,416 149,504 218,920 1889 68,730 146,238 214,968 1890 69,734 152,758 222,492 1891 • 69,596 165,744 235,340 1892 64,567 176,421 240,988 1893 52,436 173,319 225,755 1894 49,441 179,362 228,803 1895 48,952 199,061 • 248,013 1896 40,057 184,417 224,474 1897 51,852 164,643 216,495 1898 56,319 174,371 230,690 1899 66,289 181,313 247,602 1900 56,772 182,547 239,319 1901 47,873 187,243 235,116 1902 49,519 200,986 250,505 1903 48,826 217,535 266,361 Note. — Wheat flour is expressed throughout in wheat on the assumption that 72 of flour = 100 of wheat. Exported bread and biscuit is allowed for on the assumption that 75 per cent, is flour. The allowance for seed in the case of British wheat is 2i bushels per acre from 1853 to 1886 and 2 bushels per acre for subsequent years. 18381 18 XV--EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION. WEEKLY EXPENDITURE ON, AND CONSUMPTION OP, MEAT (BEEF, MUTTON, PORK, AND BACON) AND BREAD AND FLOUR BY (1) AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS' FAMILIES, AND (2) URBAN WORKMEN'S FAMILIES. [Extracted from Memoranda on British and Foreign Trade and Industry, Cd. 1761 of 1903.J (1.) Agricultural Labourers' Families. Articles. Northern Counties. Midland Counties. Eastern Counties. Southern and South Western Counties. General Average for England. Quantity consumed Weekly. Bread and flour Meat (beef, mutton, pork, and bacon). lbs. 28-00 8-25 lbs. 34-00 8-06 lbs. 37-50 5-81 lbs. 38-00 6-56 lbs. 34-38 7-17 Total 36-25 42-06 43-31 44-56 41-55 Weekly Cost. Bread and flour Meat (beef, mutton, pork, and bacon). s. d. 2 lOf 5 2i s. d. 3 Of 4 9| s. d. 3 10 3 2 s. d. 3 lOi 3 ^ s. d. 3 5 4 2 Total 8 IJ 7 lOi 7 7 3| 7 7 (2.) Urban Workmen's Families. Weekly Income. Articles. Under 25s. 25s. and under 30s. 30s. and under 35s. 35s. and under lOs. AH Incomes. Quantil .y consumed "^ Weekly. Bread and flour Meat (beef, mutton, pork, and bacon). lbs. 32-17 7-42 lbs. 32-34 8-24 lbs. 33-23 9-88 lbs. 29-96 9-89 lbs. 32-06 9-10* Total 39'59 40-58 43-11 39-85 41-16 Weekly Cost. Bread and flour Meat (beef, mutton, pork, and bacon). s. d. 3 6 4 8| s. d. 3 7 5 U s. d. 3 8 6 11| s. d. 3 4| 7 4 s. d. 3 6^ 6 3| Total 8 2i 9 %i 10 7| 10 6i 9 lOi * Of this quantity ahout 1-3 lbs. consists of bacon. 19 XVI.— PAUPERISM. NUMBP:R of paupers per lOOO of population, 1855-1902. [Based on the Kejiortu of the Local Government Boards of England, Scotland and Ireland.'] United Kingdom. England and Wales. Year. United Kingdom. England and Wales. Year. All Paupers per 1000. Able-bodied Paupers per 1000. All Paupers per 1000. Able-bodied Paupers per 1000. 1855 39-9 8-2 1879 29-3 4-6 1856 37-9 7-4 1880 29-2 4-1 1857 38-4 8-0 1881 28-7 3-9 1858 36-4 7-0 1882 ♦ ... 28-2 3-8 1859 35-3 6-7 1883 27-5 3-5 1860 36-5 7-3 1884 27-2 3-6 1861 37-8 7-7 1885 27-3 3-7 1862 43-3 10-9 1886 28-0 3-7 1863 41-1 9-1 1887 27-6 3-7 1864 38-6 7-7 1888 27-2 3-5 1865 37-1 6-9 1889 26-3 3-2 1866 37-3 6-9 1890 25-5 3-1 1867 39-2 7-7 1891 24-9 3-2 1868 40-0 7-8 1892 24-9 3-4 1869 40-1 7-9 1893 25-5 3-5 1870 39-7 7-7 1894 25-5 3-5 1871 37-3 6-6 1895 25-8 3-5 1872 ' ... 34-0 5-4 1896 25-5 3-3 1873 31-8 4-8 1897 25-3 3-2 1874 30-5 4-6 1898 25-8 3-4 1875 28-4 4-0 1899 24-3 3-0 1876 27-1 3-7 1900 23-8 2-8 1877 27-1 3-7 1901 24-1 2-9 1878 28-0 4-2 1902 24-4 3-0 18381 C 2 20 XVII.-FOREIGN TRADE. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, 1854-1903. [Based on the Annual Statements of Trade of the United Kingdom.} Imports. Exports. Year. Total Imports. Total Imports for Home Consumption. Total Exports.' Total Exports of British and Irish Produce. Millions of £. Millions of £. Millions of £. Millions of £. 1854 152 133 116 97 1855 143 122 117 96 1856 172 149 139 116 1857 188 164 146 122 1858 164 141 140 117 1859 179 154 156 130 1860 210 181 165 136 ' 1861 217 182 : 160 125 1862 226 184 166 124 1863 249 199 197 147 1864 275 223 213 160 1865 271 218 219 166 1866 295 245 239 189 1867 275 230 226 181 1868 295 247 228 179 1869 295 248 237 190 1870 303 259 244 200 1871 ' 331 270 284 « 223 1872 355 297 315 256 1873 371 315 311 255 1874 370 312 298 240 1875 374 316 282 223 1876 375 319 257 201 1877 394 340 252 199 1878 369 317 245 193 1879 363 " 306 249 192 • lucluding Ke-exports. 21 XVII.— FOREIGN TRABU— continued. Year. Imports. Total Imports. Total Imports for Home Consumption, Exports. Total Exports.* Total Exports of British and Irish Produce. 1880 ... 1881 ... 1882 ... 1883 .. 1884 ... 1885 ... 1886 ... 1887 . 1888 ... 1889 ... 1890 ... 1891 ... 1892 ... 1893 ... 1894 ... 1895 ... 1896 ... 1897 ... 1898 ... 1899 ... 1900 ... 1901 ... 1902 ... 1903 ... Millions of £. 411 397 413 427 390 371 350 362 388 427 421 435 424 405 408 417 442 451 471 485 523 522 528 543 Millions of £. 348 334 348 362 327 313 294 303 324 360 356 373 360 346 350 357 386 391 410 420 460 454 462 473 Millions of £. 286 297 306 305 296 271 269 281 298 316 328 309 291 . 277 \ 274 ' 286 296 294 : 294 320 346 339 343 356 Millions of £, 223 234 242 240 233 213 213 - 222 234 249 263 247 227 218 216 226 240 234 233 255 283 271 277 287 * Inoluc|ing Ee-exports. 22 XVIII.— SHIPPING AND RAILWAY TRAFFIC, 1854-1903. [The figures relating to Shipping are taken from the Statistical Abstracts of the United Kingdom, those relating to Railway Traffic from the Railway Returns of the United Kingdom. Year. Tonnage of Britiah and Foreign Vessels (Sailing and Steam) Entered and Cleared with Cargoes only, in the Foreign trade, at Ports in the United Kingdom. Railway Goods Traffic Receipts. Tonnage Entered. Tonnage Cleared. Million £ 1854 7,899,742 7,870,536 10-0 1855 7,018,468 8,348,664 10-8 1856 8,241,664 9,661,334 11-8 1857 8,731,806 10,339,573 12-3 1858 8,817,537 9,942,424 12-3 1859 9,090,643 10.243,963 13-2 1860 10,054,981 10,782,937 14-7 1861 10,605,179 11.319,804 15-2 1862 ' 10,740,808 11,709,849 15-2 1863 11,137,358 11,887,805 16-6 1864 11,302,110 12,172,774 18-3 1865 12,158,694 12,827,151 19-3 1866 13,277,190 14,010,094 20-8 1867 13,341,448 14,847,581 21-5 1868 13,851,657 15,473,019 * 1869 14,486,700 15,916,984 22-3 1870 14,910,742 16,713,938 24-1 1871 16,455,342 19,047,455 26-5 1872 17,905,940 19,248,352 290 1873 18,795,057 19,139,365 31-8 1874 19,081,406 19,753,487 32-0 1875 19,039,928 20,413,739 33-3 1876 21,026,671 21,510,713 33-8 1877 22,131,624 21,195,356 34-1 1878 21,318,246 21,581,688 33-6 Figures not available. 23 XVIII.-SHIPPING AND RAILWAY TRAFFIC, 1854-1903 — continued. Year. Tonnage of British and Foreign Vessels (Sailing and Steam) Entered and Cleared with Cargoes only, in the Foreign trade, at Ports in the United Kingdom. Tonnage Entered. Tonnage Cleared. Railway Goods Traffic Beceipts. 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 21,099,344 23,993,280 23,224,708 24,815,049 26,310,318 24,696,685 25,664,460 24,683,229 25,999,810 27,077,182 28,517,820 28,978,992 28,100,784 29,529,869 28,795,736 31,141,126 31,358,173 33,479,592 34,636,151 34,515,804 36,225,876 36,186,328 36,337,835 37,904,313 39,903,017 22,849,357 25,685,670 26,336,693 27,698,863 29,373,160 29,273,662 29,317,731 29,107,640 30,170,637 31,664,440 33,048,881 33,857,083 34,213,440 33,943,825 32,952,451 35,777,732 36,272,486 37,703,295 39,308,276 39,462,642 42,988,320 43,671,816 43,317,705 44,802,088 47,399,966 Million £. 33-5 35-8 36-4 37-7 38-7 37-7 36-8 36-4 37-3 38-8 41-1 42-2 43-2 42-9 41-0 43-4 440 46-2 47-9 49-2 52-1 53-5 53-0 54-7 55-1 24 XIX.— PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF COAL AND PIG IRON. 1854-1902. [Taken from the Annual Reports on Mines and Quarries.] Coal. Pig Iron. Ypar j-VaL, Quantity Produced. Total ConBumption. Quantity Produced. Total Consumption. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. 1854 ;.. 65 # 3-1 2-8 1855 61 » 3-2 2-9 1856 67 « 3-6 3-2 1857 ; . 65 * 3-7 3-3 1858 65 * 3-5 3-1 1859 72 * 3-7 3-4 1860 80 * 3-8 3-5 1861 84 * 3-7 3-3 1862 82 » 3-9 3-5 1863 86 * 4-5 4-0 1864 93 * 4-8 4-4 1865 98 * 4-8 4-3 1866 102 » 4-5 4-0 1867 105 « 4-8 4-3 1868 103 *' 5-0 4-5 1869 107 # 5-4 4-7 1870 110 « 6-0 5-3 1871 117 # 6-6 5-6 1872 123 • 6-7 5-5 1873 127 113 6-6 5-6 1874 1.. 125 109 6-0 5-3 1875 132 115 6-4 5-5 ■ 1876 . 133 114 6-6 5-7 1877 135 115 6-6 5-8 1878 133 113 6-4 5-5 1879 134 113 6-0 4-8 1880 147 123 7-7 6-2 1881 154 129 8-1 6-7 * Cannot be stated. 25 XIX.— PRODUCTION AND CONSTSMPTION -continued. Year. Coal Pigr [ron. Quantity Produced. Total CouBumptiou. Quantity Produced, Total Consumption. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. Millions of Tons. 1882 / 156 130 8-6 6-9 1883 164 134 8-5 7-a 1884 161 131 7-8 6-6' 1885 159 129 7-4 6-5 1886 158 127 7-0 6-0- 1887 ... 162 130 7-6 6-5- 1888 170 135 8-0 7'a- 1889 177 140 8-3 7-2 1890 182 143 7-9 6-8- 1891 185 145 7-4 6-6. 1892 182 142 6-7 6-0' 1893 184 127 7-0 6-2: 1894 188 146 7-4 6-& 1895 190 147 7-7 6-* 1896 195 151 8-7 7-7 1897 202 154 8-8 7-T 1898 202 154 8-6 7-7 1899 220 164 9-4 8-2 1900 225 167 9-0 7-7 1901 219 161 7-9 7-3 1902 227 167 8-7 7-8 IS-SSl 26 XX.— PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. CONSUMPTION OF RAW COTTON AND WOOL, AND TONNAGE OF SHIPS BUILT. 1854-1902. Year. Baw Cotton. Raw Wool. Net Tonnage ^ of Ships Built. Million Cwts. Million Cwts. 1,000 tons. 185i 6-9 • » 1855 7-5 » 350 1856 8-0 » 249 1857 7-4 » 287 1858 8-1 » 237 1859 8-7 • 213 1860 9-7 • 226 1861 9-0 * 208 1862 4-0 * 262 1863 4-6 » 378 1864 5-0 » 461 1865 6-4 * 448 1866 8-0 2-8 380 1867 8-5 2-7 306 1868 8-9 2-8 362 1869 8-4 2-7 388 1870 9-6 2-9 394 1871 10-8 3-0 391 1872 10-5 2-9 475 1873 11-1 3-2 454 1874 11-3 3-3 684 1875 11-0 3-1 472 1876 11-4 3-3 378 1877 11-0 3-3 451 1878 10-5 3-1 471 1879 10-5 2-9 406 1880 12-3 3-3 473 1881 12-9 2-9 609 1882 13-0 3-2 783 Cannot be stated. 27 XX.— PRODUCTION AND COIHSIIWPTION— continued. Year. Baw Cotton. Raw Wool. Net Tonnage of Ships Built. Million Cwts. Million Cwts. 1,000 tons. 1883 13-4 3-0 892 1884 13-1 3-4 588 1885 11-9 3-3 441 1886 131 3-7 332 1887 13-3 3-5 377 1888 13-6 3-9 574 1889 13-7 4-2 855 1890 14-8 3-8 813 1891 14-9 4-3 809 1892 13-6 4-2 801 1893 13-2 4-3 585 1894 14-4 4-5 669 1895 14-6 4-6 648 1896 14-7 . 4-6 737 1897 14-5 4-4 645 1898 15-5 5-1 871 1899 15-7 4-7 949 '■ 1900 14-5 4-5 944 1901 14-7 4-8 983 1902 ... 14-6 4-4 950 ' Note. — The figures for the estimated total consumption of cotton in the United Kingdom are taken from Ellison and Co.'s circulars, those for "Wool from Helmuth Schwartze and Co.'s Annual Reports. The figures relating to ships built are from the Annual Statetnents of Navigation and Shipping. They include all merchant vessels, and also war vessels built for foreigners, but not war vessels for the British Navy. 18381 9 S 28 XXI.-TRADE DISPUTES. NUMBER OF WORKPEOPLE DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY AFFECTED, AND AGGREGATE DURATION OF TRADE DISPUTES IN WORKING DAYS, 1894-1903. [Extracted from the Annual Reports on Strikes and Lock-Outs issued by the Board of Trade,] Year. Number of Workpeople Directly and Indirectly AfiEected, Aggregate Duration in Working Days. 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 325,248 263,123 198,190 230,267 253,907 180,217 188,538' 179,546 256,667 116,901 9,529,010 5,724,670 3,746,368 10,345,523 15,289,478 2,516,416 3,152,694 4,142,287 3,479,255 2,338,668 29 XXII.— TRADE DISPUTES. NUMBER OF WORKPEOPLE DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY TRADE DISPUTES, CLASSIFIED BY TRADES, CAUSES, AND RESULTS. MEAN OF TEN TEARS, 1894-1903. [Based on the Annual Beports on Strikes and Lock-Outs issued by the Board of Trade.] Trades. Causes. Results. Name of Trade. Numbers affected. Description of Cause, Numbers affected. Nature of Result. Numbers affected. Building 13,918 Wages 100,592 In favour of Work- people 42,636 Mining and Quarrying 72,921 Hours of Labour 6,816 Metal, Engineering and Shipbuilding. Textile 24,328 23,650 Employment of par- ticular Classes of Persons. 12,479 In favour of Em- ployers. 63,681 Clothing 7,726 Working Arrange- ments. 22,985 Compromised ... 47,331 Transport 6,999 Trade Unionism 11,151 Miscellaneous 7,787 Other Causes Total 3,306 Indefinite or un- settled. Total 3,681 Total 157,329 157,329 157,329 07035 30 XXIII.— TRADE UNIONS. MEMBERSHIP OF ALL TRADE UNIONS, 1893-1902. Mbmbebship in each Year, 1893-1902, and Mean for Period, classified by Trades. [The figures for 1893-3901 are extracted from the Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions in 1901, those for 1902 from the Labour Gazette, October, 1903.] Year. Building Trades. Mining and Quarrying. Metal- Engineering and Ship- building. Textile Trades. Clothing Trades. ■ Transport Trades. ( " Other Trades. Total (All Trades), 1803 ... 1804 ... 1895 ... 189t; ... 1897 ... 1898 ..;. 1899 ... 1900 ... 1901 ... 1902 ... 172,870 178,721 179,280 193,341 214,929 232,126 249,965 2.53,270 248,648 244,944 320,569 310,076 282,800 282,532 285,674 357,505 429,643 508,606 518,077 520,437 268,308 265,963 269,811 305,298 321,975 311,961 335,540 341,972 338,432 336,836 207,034 216,062 219,498 218,168 219,060 214,682 220,829 221,052 219,403 222,590 80,451 81,424 78,177 76,599 75,474 70,794 66,959 67,351 65,954 64,272 141,731 123,535 120,112 134,533 183,537 147,733 163,401 171,292 167,460 156,351 291,297 264,365 260,974 286,581 315,244 317,192 340,552 352,170 369,978 370,076 1,482,260. 1,440,146 . 1,410,652 , 1,497,052 , 1,615,893 , 1,651,993 1,806,889 1,915,713 1,927,952 1,915,506 Mean 1893-1902 [ 216,809 381,592 309,610 217,838 ■ 72,745 150,069 316,843 1,666,406 :3i XXIV.— TRADE UNIONS. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE OF TRADE UNIONS, 1893-1902. Expenditure on Disputes, Working Expenses, and bach Class of Friendly Benefit by 100 Principal Trade Unions for bach Year, and Mean for Period. {The figures for 1893-1901 are extracted from the Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions in 1901, those for 1902 from the Labour Gazette, October, 1903.J Year. Dispute. _ Un- employed. Sick and ■ • Accident. Super- annuation. Funeral. ' other Benefits and Grants. Working and other Expenses. Total Expendi- ture. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ 1893 ... 574,583 457,858 241,818 110,458 74,603 122,145 257i,653 1,839,118 1894 ... 167,645 447,246 229,825 119,862 69,091 116,254 277,710 1,427,633 1895 ... 197,246 415,543 263,141 129,254 75,131 48,610 253,112 1,382,037 1896 ... 171,218 261,393 246,043 139,796 74,343 60,498 272,328 1,225,619 1897 ... 659,126 327,736 267,999 149,401 78,499 114,171 315,149 1,912,081 1898 ... 328,511 239,112 279,093 160,842 82,710 102,018 306,490 1,498,776 1899 ... 119,503 187,335 302,897 .175,720 92,280. 68,555 324,383 1,270,673 1900 ... 148,568 260^659 323,963 186,543 98,046 90,147 359,656 1,467,582 1901 ... 204,603. 324,868 345,551 199,606 98,718 98,894 379,870 1,652,110 1902 ... 216,494 420,911 364,820 219,109 .98,350 97,843 397,200 1,814,727 Mean, 1893-1902 } 278,750" 334,266 286,515 159,059 84,177 91^914 314,355 1,549,036 32 XXV,— CO-OPERATION. CO-OPERATIVE DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION IN 1902. [Based on Returns furaishod to the Labour Department of the Board of Trade.] (A). Sales op "Wholesale and Retail Distbibutive Societies. Wholesale Distributive Societies Retail Distributive Societies ... ... 24,689,000 ... 55,487,000- (B). Value op Goods Produced classified bt (1) Form of Society. — Productive Departments of Retail Distributive Societies Societies for Production, not including Corn Milling Societies for Com Milling Productive Departments of Wholesale Distributive Societies £ 5,262,000> 2,757,000 1,304,000- 5,100,000 (2) Nature of Industry. — Corn and Meal Milling Dairying, Farming, and Fishing Clothing ... Boots and Shoes. Textile ... Building ... Other Industries. Soap and Candle Making Tobacco Other Foods Breadmaking, Preserves, Pickles, and Confectionery 3,495,000- 1,509,000 1,128,000 1,442,000- 504,000 459,000 587,000 388,000 523,000 570,000" 3,818,000^ 33 XXVI.— CO-OPERATION. GROWTH OP CO-OPERATION, 1862-1902. [The figures for the years 1862-1899 are taken from the Board of Trade Report on Workmen's Go-operative Societies, Cd. 698 of 1901, those for 1900-1901 from the Ninth Annual Abstract of Labour Statistics, Cd. 1755 of 1903. The figures for 1902 are from Returns made to the Labour Department of the Board of Trade.] Tear. Share and Loan Capital. Memliersliip. 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 18381 £ 2,258,358 2,563,681 2,724,760 3,239,952 4,320,831 5,780,266 7,122,360 7,353,363 7,542,023 8,660,811 12,086,228 14,535,369 15,152,135 17,242,055 18,559,471 20,146,014 19,751,479 18,514,299 21,435,942 £ 415,163 569,322 668,569 818,906 1,051,897 1,498,557 1,889,349 1,995,726 2,118,027 2,412,790 3,217,545 3,891,162 4,274,168 4,857,688 5,734,682 6,224,477 6,488,350 6,563,107 7,117,441 88,948 109,546- 127,673- 122,885 142,258' 168,975- 211,781 229,861 243,785- 255,782: 323,609 378,865 402,946 465,663 493,100 515,359 545,470 552,305 586,211 E 34 XXVI.— CO-OPERATION— cow^wci. Tear. Sales. Share and Loan Capital. Membeiship. £ 23,232,879 £ 7,779,000 625,682 24,156,818 8,005,044 623,202 25,696,547 8,395,983 647,176 27,011,064 9,008,099 717,301 27,463,466 9,956,689 768,401 28,820,933 10,620,275 796,951 30,244,565 11,299,095 f 851,157 33,632,282 11,876,902 891,077 36,914,730 12,694,602 957,763 38,656,495 13,953,636 985,096 44,460,726 15,291,537 1,069,480 47,163,066 16,611,934 1,153,916 46,851,623 17,188,064 1,198,499 46,946,553 18,047,793 1,245,066 49,926,781 19,705,979 1,311,143 54,431,922 21,138,347 ... 1,-399,891 59,660,828 22,859,858 1,511,423 63,409,972 24,251,756 1,593,600 67,915,9."57 26,365,482 1,677,018 75,528,900 28,965,747 1,778,799 80,198,654 31,114,424 1,871,040 84,237,365 32,876,542 1,984,309 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 J896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 35 XXVIL— FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS. MEAN ANNUAL DEATH-RATE FROM INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS PER 10,000 EMPLOYED, IN PRINCIPAL TRADES, IN 1898-1902.* [Based on the figures published in the Annual Abstracts of Labour Statistics.] Trade or Occupation, Seamen ... Coal Miners Quarrymen* Metal Miners Railway Servants Factory Operatives : — Chemical, &c. (including Explosives), and Gas Woi-kers. Metal Workers, Shipbuilders, Machine Makers, &c. Saw Mill Workers and Carpenters Glass, Clay, Stone, &c., Workers Food, Drink, &c., Factory Operatives Accident Death-rate per 10,000 employed. Textile Operatives Other Factory Operatives All Factory Operatives (as given above) MEAN ANNUAL ACCIDENT DEATH-BATE FOR ALL OCCUPATIONS GIVEN ABOVE. 64-5 12-9 12-0 11-0 9-6 3-9 3-2 2-7 2-4 21 0-6 1-0 1-9 7-0 * The mean rate for Quarrymen is for the Tears 1899-1902. 36 XXVIII.— FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS. NUMBER KILLED AMONG PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF WORKPEOPLE, 1880-1903. [Based on the figures published in the Annual Abstracts of Labour Statistics, and in the Labour Gazette.'] ' Year. Seamen. Coal Miners. Railway Servants (including Contractors' Servants). Factory and Workshop Operatives. Metal Miners. Quarry- men.t Misoellan- eous.J 1880 • 1,318 580 455 84 — — 1881 * 954 562 409 99 — — 1882 » 1,126 580 444 92 — — 1883 » 1,054 602 401 86 — — 1884 • 942 585 403 56 — — 1885 1,993 1,150 470 379 64 — — 1886 2,091 "953 459 316 65 — — 1887 2,377 ..995 456 368 56 — — 1888 2,312 906 442 386 72 — — 1889 2,198 1,112 476 443 64 — — 1890 3,188 1,194 536 484 46 — — 1891 2,257 1,005 603 420 51 — — 1892 2,062 1,016 575 426 52 — — 1893 2,155 1,060 516 422 65 — — 1894 2,348 1,127 522 448 46 — — 1895 2,235 1,042 489 455 54 — — 1896 2,053 1,025 490 490 40 124 164 1897 1,642 930 566 516 49 123 204 1898 1,705 908 542 577 33 134 206 1899 1,915 916 584 681 56 117 265 1900 1,774 1,012 631 813 38, 127 302 1901 1,703 1,101 565 782 30 98 328 1902 1,509 1,024 485 850 29 119 322 1903 » 1,067 485 748 25 88 355 * Cannot be stated. + The Quarries Act, under which the accidents are reported, came into operation in 1895. t Deaths returned under the Factory Act, 1895 (Sees. 22 and 23), and the Notice of Accidents Act, 1894. 37 POPULATION OF UNITED KINGDOM. ESTIMATED POPULATION AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH OF THE YEARS 1853-1903. [Extracted from the Annual Reports of the Registrar General of Births, Deaths, and Marriage in England.'] Tears. Population. Years. Population. 1853 27,542,588 1879 34,302,557 1854 27,658,704 1880 34,622,930 1855 27,821,730 1881 34,934,476 1856 28,011,034 1882 35,206,617 1857 28,188,280 1883 35,449,721 1858 ■ 28,389,770 1884 35,724,231 1859 28,590,224 1885 36,015,601 1860 28,778,411 1886 36,313,582 1861 28,977,133 1SS7 36,599,143 1862 ... 29,243,610 1888 36,881,271 1863 29,470,969 1889 37,178,929 1864 29,680,437 1890 37,484,764 1865 29,925,177 1891 37,802,381 1866 30,147,755 1892 38,133,817 1867 30,409,132 1893 38,489,806 1868 30,689,977 1894 38,858,306 1869 30,978,278 1895 39,220,114 1870 ■• 31,256,535 1896 39,597,843 1871 31,555,694 1897 39,985,831 1872 31,874,183 1898 40,379,095 1873 32,177,550 1899 40,772,365 1874 32,501,517 1900 41,152,471 1875 32,838,758 1901 41,550,773 1876 33,199,994 1902 41,961,212 1877 33,575,941 1903 42,372,556 1878 33,943,773 18381 LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STAl'IONERY OFFICE, By darling & SON, Ltd., 34-40, Bacon Steebt, E. 1904. ;»(•.•-'. I. OCCUPATIONS. NUMBER OF PERSONS OCCUPIED IN CERTAIN GROUPS OF TRADES 1901. PER CENT. ALL AGES zo YEARS AND ABOVE [iNDER 20 PER CENT 100 95 V ■■■• --— — — '■ - ■ ■ AGRICULTURE 2,053^93. |,7I5^05 338,t8i 9B on 90 608,963 DOMESTIC SERVICE 1,929,678 as so 75 1,320,715 80 7S CONVEYANCE OFMEN.GOOO; AND MESSAGES 1,573,367 1.217,773 70 65 355,594 70 65 METAL.ENGINEERINti AND SHIPBUILDING 1,435,835 1,140,549 60 55 Z95,Z8« 60 CLOTHING 1,315,454 9 ^6,725 SO 3fe,729 50 4<^ 8 : 5,471 45 TEXTILE 1,301,685 40 '^: 6,21* W 951,312 35 40 BUILDING 1,124,387 35 30 725,936 173,075 25 MINING & QUARRYING 906,541 1 25 287,364 180,605 FOOD, OR*«K & TOBACCO 385,903 273,4-12.. 20 ZD lWOODW0nKIK6 XFyRHISHING 3^2.5 '3 183,133 1 S8^ 39 BRICK. H6,BP0«BmBm6*PAP 1 110 105 ■ 1 100 95 ao * yr ^ 1 c X / ^^^ --^ ;^^^ -/ / \ 3 85 80 ^ =^ z 8 8 75 70 "5 65 60 c c 55 5 50 ... — 5 4-5 4.0 35 4 3 30 IS IC — 3 •7 2 1 K (standard YEAR) 5 oL .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 . 1 PER CENT. 1874' 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1688 1830 I89Z 1894 1896 1898 1900 1903 1903 « For Trades inc/uded see Charts Ya,b,c,d, & e. 4dUS4 0^ WAGES. FLUCTUATIONS IN AVERAGE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES. 1874-1903 BUILDING TRADES. 1874 1676 PER 1878 1880 1882 1884 1868 — ■ — ■ — ■ — I — r— I — [— T — r^r 1888 1830 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1302 190 3 T -p-r (STANOARO YEAR) { BTAf YE O l i- L_J 1 l—J 1 1 1 I 1 \ I I J I I I I I I II n 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1692 IS04- JS9 6 J636 laOO l6oa 19 03 ■fg/S./t.04, Weller&Graham.LV';! Litho. London. ■yh WAGES, FLUCTUATIONS IN AVEBAOE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES. l874-_ 1903, COAL MINING. 187+ 1676 ' 1876 1880 1882 1884- leas 1688 1830 1832 183* 1896 1898 1900 1902 1903 ^,B.*0'>' WeHer&Grahain,L<4 Utho.Len(lon. WAGES. FLUCTUATIONS IN AVERAGE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES, 1874^ 1903. ENGINEERING TRADES. I g74- 1878 1878 1880 1882 1884- 1868 1866 1890 WOT 189* \t»» 1886 1900 1802 1903 I ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ^ i ' — I '■ I I 1 1 1" I ' ' ' ' P^ 1874 1876 1876 1680 1682 1884 »86 1888 1890 1892 1894. 1896 1886 OQO — BOFiSM *-ais ■ *■ o* Weller A Craham , L^* Litho. London. WAGES . FLUCTUATIONS IN AVERAGE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES, 1874.- 190 3 COTTON, LINEN &• JUTE TRADES. 1874. 1876 1878 1880 I8&Z 1834 1886 1888 1890 1832 J884- 1896 1888 1900 1902 1903 1 1 ■ I 1 1 1 r I I ! 1 1 [ 1 (STANDARD VEAR) ... ^^ .\— s r NT- ^ — . _. .. 1 T V 3 • T 1 — t 1 - 1 ... 1 I . 1 1 I 1 . J 1 .. 1 1 (STANDARD VE.AB) ill. PER CENT no 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 ZO 10 87^~n87G' 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 I89Z 1894 1896 1898 1800 1302 1903 '4-3'0 •* P-* Welleri Graham. Wtitha, London. WAGES. FLUCTUATIONS IN AVERAGE STANDARD RATES OF WAGES, I874-_I903. AGRICULTURE. 187* 1876 1678 1860 1882 ie6» 1886 1888 1690 1832 1894 1896 1838 1300 1902 1903, 1 I r (STANDARD YEAR) PER CENT. Oh I I 1 i I I 1- I I I { STANDARD YEAR) J \ L 1874 larre lava 1880 1882 is84 leee isss i890 laaz I894 lase lase laoo 1902 1903 *S/5- #-<«*• Wslleri Graham. L'^ Litho Lono'-n VI. WAGES. WAGES OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, 1850-1903. ENGLAND & WALES. 1850 PER CENT, 140 130 120 110 100 Till 1866 leeo 1865 1870 1675 4B80 I I I 11 I I. I I I I I I I I I I I I 1685 •890 I I I I I I I 1895 1900 1903 I I I I I I (STANaARO Y«AB) PER CENT. I40 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 t I I I I . i I J I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1650 1655 I860 1865 1870 >879 1880 1885 1890 |885 (standard year) I I ' I '■ ■ ' 30 20 10 1900 190* ^ets. 4-. o* Weller»Graham, \J:^. Litho. London. YIL. WHOLESALE PRICES. CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF GENERAL PRICES, 1871-1903* 1871 1872 1874 1816 1878 \880 1882 1884-'^ 1888 1888 1890 I83Z 1834- 1836 1898 1300 1902 1903 PER CENT. 160 140 120 iOO 80 60 "I 1 T ■" T" 1 1 ■■ 1_ — I 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 (STANDARD YE.AB) 1 P C A ' lb 1 ft i / i i 1 i 1 1 i I ::^ 1 - 1 1 V A j-^ m i j 1 1 1 ^v/ ^ \ ^ r ^ ^ K 1 At 1 z ZO 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 (STANDARD YE.AR) ill 1871 1872' 1874 1876 1878 1880 I88Z 1884 I88G 1888 1890 1892 1834 1896 1838 1300 1902 1903. « For groups of articles included See Charts UK a, be Sc d. Wetter* Graham, L'f Utiho.Lonflon. WHOLESALE PRICES. FLUCTUATIONS IN GROUP PRICES, 1871 _ 1903. COAL & METAlS. J87I 1872 1874- I87« 1878 I860 1682 1864- 18&e 1868 1690 1832 1884- 1896 1888 1300 1902 j903 1871 1872 1874- 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884- 1886 1888 !690 1892 1694- 1896 1698 1^00 1302 1903. 872 '8^* tR76 1876 1880 IB8a 1684 1866 1868 (SaO 1882 1884 1696 >63a 1800 iaOZI9Q3 PER [CENT. 160 14-0 lao 100 [III J i 1 L 1 1 J I 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 I I I I 1871 1872 1874- 1876 1878 1880 I88Z 1884 1886 I88& 1890 I83i 1894 1896 1836 iaOO I9Q2 1903 Wr :^ Litho.London. ^ai-i""*- XVI. PAUPERISM. RATE PER 1000 OF POPU L.ATI N .» 855 - 1902 1655 t860 1865 1870 I81B \660 I88S •• [ I I ■ I r I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I — I — I I I I I I I ' ' ■ I T-f IB90 1885 1900 1901 T — TT — I — I — I — 1^ — I I I n ^ 1855 I860 I86S 1870 1875 1880 1885 1880 1835 reOO 1901 WolleraGraham.LH LithaLonaQn. •PSI'B. 4,04. MlLLI 1854 I860 xvn. FOREIGN TRADE. IMPORTS & EXPORTS^ 1854^-1903. IMPORTS. r865 1870 1875 taao (885 1890 1805 leOO 1903 MiLUONA OF £ 4O0i0» ^ ^ MiLUOMS EXPORTS* I ^ jfxc/i/s/Ve of /'few Ships exported. Welleri Graham, U^ Litho. London. :xyin. TRAFFIC. SHIPPING AND RAILWAY TRAFFIC. SHIPPING, 1854 1903 . NETT TONNAGE OF VESSELS ENTERED * CLEARED, WITH CARGOES ONLY. IN THE FOREIGN TRADE. 185* I860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1685 1690 1635 1900 1903 RAILWAY GOODS -TRAFFIC RECEIPTS , 1854 - ISOE . r-N/- OVW l^» MILUONa III. ' ' OF t 50 ^ ♦5 / rV 4-0 y^ J 35 r" / 30 / Z5 f 20 y" /- 15 10 5 ^ ^ ft 1 L 1 .1 1 1 .1 .1. ^-1 J, 1 1 . 1 1 1 t^ \ \ \ \ .. 1 r 1 ,1.. ...j_.,i. 1 1, .J .1... 1 1, 1 , , 1 1 1 MILLIONS OF t 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 1854 I860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 idSO 1895 1900 1903 * Jnformahon not ai/at/aS/e. Weller 4 Graham, L^ Littio.london. :six. PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION. PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION OF COAL dt PfG IRON, 1854 -rldOZ J854- I860 665 1870 1875 1880 less 1890 1895 1900 M02 1890 1895 1900 1902 Wellerft Graham. L^f Litho. London. PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION. CONSUMPTION OF RAW COTTON &WOOL& TONNAGE OFSHIPS BUILT, 1854-1902. jaS4 I860 1865 Ifl70 1875 1880 18S5 IB90 I89S 1900 1902 1854 I860 IB65 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1896 1300 (502 ;JF jExc/i/s/v^e (^sJr/ps dui/tfi)rtheffoya/A/3iiy,6{/t/ncJi/s/reofw3ryesseJs du/'/t for foreig/ier-s . asu 4-0* WelleriGraham \.}^ Litho London. TRADE DISPUTES . NUMBER OF WORKPEOPLE DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY AFFECTED AND AGGREGATE DURATION IN WORKING DAYS IN EACH YEAR ,1894 -1803 . 1894- 1895 1896 1837 1896 I89fi 1900 1901 1302 1903 1854 1835 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1905 Weller » Graham. L':^ Litho. London. ■w/j ■» -"* TXTT. TRADE D I S P U TES. NUMBER OF WORKPEOPLE DIRECTLY AFFECTED CLASSIFIED BY TRADES, CAUSES AND RESULTS. MEAN OF 10 YEARS, I894-- 1303 . CI-ASSIFIE.D BY TRADES CLASSIFIED BY CAUSES CLASSIFIED BV RESULTS 152,000 BUILDING TRADES I4.4.,000 136.000 IZ8.000 120,000 112,000 M IN ING 1 4. AND QUARRYING 9 6.0 S&,000 80,000 72,000 G*,0 00 METAl_ ENGINEERING 56,000 AND SHIPBUILOING 4-8,000 40,000 TEXTILE 3Z,000 TRADES 24,000 le.ooo CLOTHING TRADES TRANSPORT TRADES 8 MISCELLANEOUS WAGES HOURS OF LABOUR EMPLOVMENT OF PARTICULAR CLASSES OR PERSONS WORKING ARRANGEMENTS TRADE UNIONISM OTHER CAUSeS IN FAVOUR OF WORKPEOPLE IN FAVOUR OF EMPLOYERS COMPROMISED INOERNITE OR UNSETTLED IS 2.0 00 144,000 136,000 128,000 120,000 112,000 104,000 96,000 8 8,000 80,000 72,000 64.000 56,000 48.000 40,000 32,000 2.4.0 00 16,000 8,00 Weller« Graham, W LithaLondon. 4Bl5.f-0'r. :xxni. TRADE UNIONS. MEMBERSHIP of all. TRADE UNIONS MEMBERSHIP IN E.ACH YEAR. I893-I90Z AND MEAN FOR PERIOD, CLASSIFIED BY TRADES- BUILDING TRADtS Z.I6,B0a MEAN 1833 TO NUMBC« 19 02 MEMBER3 1,600,000 1,500,000. 1,1-00,000 1,300,000. 1,200,000. 1,1 00,000 1,000,000 300,000 aoo,ooo_ MININ6 AND qUARRTIW 3ai,5SZ METAL ■HeiliEOtlK AND »iP8uiigin6 309,CIO TOO. 000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300, OOQ 200,000 100,000 TEXTfLE TRADES zn,838 CLOTHING TBADES 7Z,7*5 rRANPORT TRADES I50,ses OTHER TRADES 3ie,S V ^ -^ / jX**"^ v/' a. E UO ikH_. 5^ ^^ ^" X ^ ^ _1^ k** * £.MlLLIOMS 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 GROWTH OF MEMBERSHIP. taeiRiaaa ie64 ises taes i87o isra i874 i876 i878 iS8o teas las^ lase tees i89o i89e i894 lase lass i90o laoa number >0.000 I — ; — I — I — I — I — I — I — r -I — \ — I — I — I — I — I — i — ' — 1 — I — I — I — I — I — i — I — I — r— 1 — I — \ — 1 — I — ! — I — I I I — I — \ — 1 2,000,000 >0,000 00,000 50,000 00,000 50.000 OOjOOO SO.OOO 1 r— — r- ■ 1 1 1 1 ' r '-■ I I r ■- — , — . 1 ^ ! 1 ' 1 / / y ' ^ — 1 --' 1 ^'" ._/ -■ 1 1 -^^ f /^ -^ -^ ^ k . --■ ^ .. 1.750,000 1,500,000 1,250,000 1,000.000 750,000 500,000 250,000 XXVll FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS. MEAN ANNUAL DEATH RATE FROM INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS PER 10,000 EMPLOYED IN PRINCIPAL TRADES IN 1898 - I902* ACCIDENT DEATH RATE PER lO.OOO EMPLOYED. O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4-5 50 55 GO 65 70 — 1 — 75 Afear/ Annua/ Dedfh /fate For a// Occupations o//Verf 6eJoiv~y-0 Per /O^OOO. Sea/ne/7 Coal M/ners IZ'3 Per /0,00/? Quarry men /ZO Per/0^000. Met a/ Miners UO, Peri 0^000. Pai/way Servants 3-6 PerJO^OOO Chem/ca/Sc Onciua/ingf Ex.pJosives) « and Gas mrAers 39 Per/0,000. /^eta/ liYorAers, S/iipbui/c/er-^, /^ilac/ilne /^la/fers &c. 3 2. Per /0,000. Saw />//// )^or/>. All Factory Operatives ^ /■$ Per /O^OOO. Tex±i/e Operat/i^es -6 Per /0, 000 Ot/yer Factory OperaHves /O Per/0,000. J 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ■%Mean Rate for Quarryme/J,/899''J&02. ^^/S.tt-O^ Weller&Graham. LH Licho. London. 5^' tseo N? KILLED 2,400 xxvTn. FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS. NUMBER KfLLED AMONG PRINCIPAL. CLASSES OF WORKPEOPLE, 1&80 - L903. I88e I8S4- 1886 1888 1890 1898 1894 1896 1898 f<»00 I90a I&03 2,200 2,000 1,800 1.600 1400 1.200 1,000 800 600 400 200 1860 ISee 1884 1886 1888 1890 t892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 t903 ♦**♦.»» Cornell University Library HD 6957.G7A4 Statistical charts for St. Louis exhibit 3 1924 002 400 913 DATE DUE 1 EAVI.ORD PFtiNTEDINU.a.A.