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DICTIONARY 
 
 OP THE 
 
 LEPCHA-LANGUAGE. 
 
DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LEPCHA-LANGUAGE 
 
 comj)iled 
 by the late G-eneral G. B. Mainwaring, 
 
 revised and completed 
 
 by 
 Albert Grunwedel, Berlin. 
 
 Printed and published by order of Her Majesty's Secretary of State 
 for India in Council. 
 
 BERLIN 
 
 Printed by Unger Brothers, Berlin, Bernburger Str. 30. 
 
 1898. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In presenting to the public the Lepcha-English dictionary of the late General 
 G. B. Mainwaring, it is incumbent on me to explain the state of the manuscripts 
 he left behind and the part which the editor has performed in making them ready 
 for the press. Owing to a many years' acquaintance with the language of a race, 
 that was dying out, the General was imbued with predilection for his study, which 
 plainly appears in his grammar '), the only work he could publish. In the preface 
 to this grammar (pg. XXI) he promised that a Dictionary should follow "should his 
 health and circumstances permit". The lamented General was prevented from ex- 
 hausting his material by his decease. 
 
 The materials of the Lepcha-English dictionary are laid down in two very 
 voluminous manuscripts, which represent the first draught or archetype of the work. 
 They are written in large octavo in 703 pages of bluish and yellowish, paper. They 
 contain a huge collection of Lepcha-glosses which were augmented by revising the 
 first entry again and again. The single words were written in the so-called Lepcha 
 character but according to the European alphabet. But I must say to my great 
 regret that no notice was at hand concerning the method and the sources from 
 which the collections were derived, it was at first impossible to ascertain where 
 the lost clue was to be taken up again. But in sifting the materials it could be 
 stated, that the author had commenced his work by collecting oral and manuscript- 
 information from the natives. 
 
 This plainly appears in the following passages. Sub v. hro (supply the question 
 „what is in English ■pum-brdm-ldf Answer: md-zu a-cum a-t'yak a-tim pum-brom-ld 
 
 1) A Grammar of the R6ng (Lepcha) language, as it exists in the Dorjiling and Sikim hills. 
 By Colonel Q. B. M. Bengal Staff-Corps, Calc. Baptist Mission Press 1876. 
 
n Pref 
 
 reiace. 
 
 dyum-ha ("body short, head large is defined hy p."). For further examples see 
 under pok-yak; tsdm; rip, zo; lya, (under certain words the editor found great com- 
 pilations of synonyms, the English definition he added himself). Certain lines of the 
 above mentioned manuscript -elucidations must have been so indistinctly written that 
 wrong entries could not be avoided byMainwaring himself; e.g. o-tson which hedefinedby 
 "a union" should be "onion T. htson. The y^or^jum-tydt jum-fyet (a spec, of rice) seems 
 to be very dubious, should it be written num-tydt num fyet? When M. Mainwaring 
 jotted down his first notes in the above mentioned great book he was often misled 
 himself by a peculiarity of the so-called L.-writing, by which the final consonants 
 are not written in the same line with the initials but above them, in reduced or 
 abbreviated forms. I found s. v. (a-)hrdt: a-hrdt gam nol instead of a-hrdt gal non 
 or tuk-nom where tuk-nol should be written etc. 
 
 Even the native writers themselves are not masters of their pens in this point. 
 The scientific names of birds were defined by the author according to Jerdon's 
 well-known work^), as could be plainly proved from a quotation s. v. sd-hret cuk 
 fo where "Je. 2, 277" was added. At length I could ascertain, that the author 
 had augmented his collected materials by analyzing Biblical books and the Lepcha 
 abbreviated legends concerning the famous founder of Lamaism, known in history 
 under the name of Padmasambhava (Tib. U-rgyan-pa, Pad-ma 'byun-gnas, Lepcha 
 Ta-se t'iik-bo t'in). Prom these popular legends called Ta-se sun in Lepcha he 
 had derived many quotations, the greatest part of which were transcribed without 
 any translation or at least without sufficient philological definition. 
 
 The first half of the huge manuscript he had compiled in the above-mentioned 
 manner was tolerably written, but the latter part from letter m —z was an almost 
 illegible scrawl, the worst being the letters s, s, t, ts, ts, z. It would be in vain 
 to seek even the smallest blank space in these pages, every line of which was so 
 underscored with additional matter, or corrections as to render the first entry 
 scarcely visible. 
 
 The most illegible part was the English definition which was added in pale 
 ink or in pencil. It must be observed that in this latter portion the author was 
 more and more influenced by his peculiar method of comparative philology, so 
 that the definitions of the roots in many cases have had to be abandoned by the 
 editor. *) 
 
 The next state of the future dictionary must be called a huge volume in Imp. 
 fol., consisting of .001 leaves, which seems to have been intended for immediate 
 printing. The Lepcha-words were given here in Lepcha-characters, transcribed 
 into Roman and rendered into English, they were arranged in the order of the 
 Lepcha-alphabet as set down in Mainwaring's Grammar pg. (2). A considerable 
 number of words were noted as borrowed from Tibetan by means of Csoma 
 Korosi's Essay towards a dictionary of the T. language. 
 
 1) The birds of India I-III, Calcutta 1862 ff. 
 
 2) See Grammar, XI Note, XXII Note. 
 
Freface, HI 
 
 But many words of the first books, many quotations especially from Ta-se-sun 
 were left out; the editor has incorporated them again into the work, whenever he 
 had anything like certainty, that these quotations had been correctly delineated or 
 could be correctly defined. 
 
 But in this copy also I sought in Tain for any attempt at arranging the matter 
 according to etymological principles. Nearly all the various spellings represented 
 by the native manuscripts, nearly all the differently written prefixes and their 
 combinations had been incorporated in extenso, so that the dictionary even if at 
 any time finished in this way would have increased to an enormous extent. So the 
 author got tired of his work. The portion he finished under such circumstances 
 included all from k to hr with the exception of the consonants combined with I 
 {kl, gl, pi, fl). For the remaining part of the work corresponding to fol. 270 — 437 of 
 the present printed dictionary the editor had to have recourse to the sources 
 of the above-mentioned first draught, which was in this portion in a hopeless 
 condition. 
 
 The following sources were at hand: 
 
 1. Reconstruction of the illegible words from quotations in the former plainly 
 written portion of the work; 
 
 2. The etymological method, by which the various derivations (disjecta membra) 
 could be collected under one root; 
 
 3. The books which Mainwaring must have excerpted. 
 
 This proceeding necessitated digressions and offered many difficulties, but it 
 was the only way to make the work clear. After repeated attempts to make im- 
 mediate use of Mainwaring's so-called fair copy, I set to work to copy the whole 
 matter of both the transscripts word for word on to a separate slip of paper as 
 far as I could make out the author's owing to his indistinct writing and still 
 vaguer definition. These slips were arranged according to etymology and in the 
 order of the Lepcha-alphabet after a corresponding English-Lepcha-dictionary had 
 been worked out. Then I analyzed the Lepcha-books which were courteously lent 
 to me by British Government. 
 
 The result was: 
 
 1. I could settle the orthography of the language following the principles of 
 the printed Biblical versions. 
 
 2. I could give a more correct definition of the Buddhistical terms quoted by 
 M. from Ta-se-sun. I have analyzed two separate renderings of the book 
 together with a great portion of the block-printing edition of Pad-ma- t'an-yig 
 in Tibetan (fol. 1—146). This original book helped me to the Tibetan 
 spelling of the nomina propria and other terms and the. T. forms could 
 then be translated into the corresponding Sanskrit^). 
 
 1) e. g. rum-lyah in Ta-§e-sun: T. hla'i gnas or bde-ba can Skt. devaloka or sukhavati. 
 
 1* 
 
rv- Preface. 
 
 3. I could settle more correct definitions of the L. words (roots), than Main- 
 waring's peculiar method had assigned them. Til most parts I found the 
 oldest notes in his first entry to be correct. 
 
 The dictionary is sufficient for reading the above-named books which were 
 Mainwaring's own sources; all the nomina propria of beasts and plants, all Tung- 
 boT expressions are entirely M.'s work. 
 
 It must be remembered, that in certain cases a difference arose between the 
 assumed authority of orthography (the Biblical translations) and the etymology. 
 The"Q I abandoned the former inserting quotations from the respective various 
 spellings. This was done especially in the case of the i-vowel combined with 
 consonant. That vowel seems to have a peculiar inclination to sound like yi 
 after consonant. The question where to write ya, ye, e so well-known to all 
 students of modern Indian manuscripts was decided according to etymology; 
 I wrote nydn causative of nan, nyan from T. nyan{-ba)\ but nyen milk: all three 
 roots are written nydn (or even nyan) and nyen in Ta-se-sun-Mscpts. promis- 
 cuously, etc. etc. 
 
 Words marked M (without number) are not certified by written authority, but 
 I would not eliminate them after finding that many words in M.'s first notes left 
 out by himself in the second copy proved correct. So I think that future research 
 and fresh material may afford the needed confirmation; e. g. s v. svk-grup s. chest 
 M. Question: must "chest" be understood in s. of "box" or of "thorax"? sun-M s. 
 a hoe M. Qu : can it he a separate spec, of "hoe" or should it be corrected into 
 sun-kdn? In the first pages I was misled by some definitions given by M. e. g. 
 jom (to be overclouded) seems to be incorrect. All the fantastic etymological matter 
 added by the author is now removed e. g. s. v. klyen (cylindrical) decreasing, to 
 diminish M. cfr. Germ, "klein" etc. or kup (little, a child) cfr. English „cub" and 
 similar "result of power of letters". 
 
 With respect to the Tibetan words, which are introduced into written Lepcha 
 I first thought of making a separate index of the various spellings with their L. 
 synonyms if even such exist. But when I endeavoured to read the printed and 
 written books, I found it impossible to do so. The part which these borrowed words 
 play in literature is just as indispensable to it as Pali or even Sanskrit to Burmese. 
 It cannot be denied, that the dictionary seems overloaded with number of simi- 
 larly written or sounding roots (see under ke, se, si, b6n, in the latter case the 
 genuine L. word signifies exactly the opposite meaning of the Tibetan one), but 
 the scholar who wishes to be able to understand a manuscript or even to find 
 without difficulty the real meaning of certain terms or phrases in Exodus or the 
 Gospel of John, will acknowledge the usefulness of my method by his own ex- 
 perience. Whatever seemed to be superfluous I have removed, e. g. a long list 
 of the various Tibetan names written in L. characters of Buddhistic gods and 
 Bodhisatva's (Amitabha, MaiijuQri, Avalokite<;vara) etc. Further the method I 
 followed was necessary under the following considerations: 
 
 Many Tibetan words are used by Lepcha's in a different, derived sense e. g. 
 
Preface. V 
 
 s. V. *pdk-co T. bag-cags; the T. roots are subject to Lepcha- formative rules; e. g. 
 kyor from kor\ num-dyin from ayin etc.; the L. and Tibetan languages though not 
 immediately cognate are so closely connected in many roots that it seems impossible 
 to define exactly, what is borrowed and what is cognate in origin e. g. s. v. yd 
 and si 1, nok 2 etc., fin (blue) etc. Curtain incorrect words were removed from 
 this portion of the work e. g. hum s. offering derived from huni pat; many words 
 identified with T. were corrected e. g. *hra-mik ace. M. fr. T. Kra-ma and mik, 
 should be T. dra-mig etc., den-zun the scales of justice fr. T. bde and vdsun "truth 
 and falsehood". But I am sure that this difficult question has not been settled 
 by me in all cases. For the Buddhistical terms I added fresh matter as above 
 mentioned e. g. s. v. rum, mun, lyan, tsur, td-se, sun-hlyo, myel, gydn etc. 
 
 The editor is responsible for the arrangement of the longer articles in the work e. g 
 kd, lut, mik, lorn, bu, non, mat etc., and has added numerous quotations authenticating 
 the derivation of the definition. Compare the original article mat as it is printed in 
 M.'s Outline Grammar 128 — 130 and the articles mat 1 and 2 in the dictionary. 
 It is clear, that two different roots are confounded apud M. — if no more. In the 
 same manner non 1 — 4 formed one article, li 1 10 one article. Id (1 — 5 and -la) 
 si one single article apud M. For-ia 1 the editor alone is responsible. 
 
 He has inserted all the postpositions mentioned in the grammar and all the prefixes 
 e. g. -nun; -un; -a; -sd; -Id; -ka; a-; td- with the idea of rendering texts easier and 
 enabling the reader to find in the dictionary grammatical matter if needed. I hope 
 also that in certain cases the rules of L. -derivation may be better defined than is 
 the case in the grammar. The etymological method remained also the standard 
 for shortness. All derived and compound words were as already mentioned in- 
 corporated under their respective roots, when at the same time the prefixes were 
 inserted with quotations referring to the roots for the sake of convenience. 
 
 The following considerations may not be out of place. 
 
 I. Reduplication may be called a principal part of Lepcha-grammar. Roots 
 are reduplicated: 
 
 A. by repeating the initial consonant of the root with inherent a; but M, g, n, 
 h are represented in reduplication by k; f. (i by t, p f b by p, ny by w, c", c, j ts, 
 fe' z s hj s, V \)j f. See under kd-, td-, pd- etc. 
 
 B. by repeating the whole root with u vowel, the consonants of reduplication 
 are treated as noted under A. 
 
 These forms are to be sought in the dictionary as follows: fd-vi-ld see under 
 root vi; fa- refers to the root; kuii-kon-ld see under kon; kun- refers to the root 
 koii; pd-plyu-ld see under plyu etc. 
 
 C. if other vowels are used to form the reduplicated or geminated root or 
 different initial consonant is introduced into the second part, the word inust be 
 sought under the form which seemed to be the root e. g. yep-pd yap-pd see under 
 yap; yep referring to the root yap; s6l-ld mol-ld see under sol; mol-ld referring to s6l 
 
 II. There are in Lepcha certain prefixes of undefined etymology which however 
 seem to correspond to the so-called mute consonants in Tibetan. By prefixing them 
 
VI Preface. 
 
 to the roots nouns are formed e. g. td-tit from ti. They are treated as the redu- 
 plications in I, A. td-tit should be sought s v. ti; td-not s. t. no; td- refers to the 
 root t% no etc.; sd-tsiJk see under tsUk; fd-tyam see under tyam. 
 
 III. A certain number of combined nouns are formed with prefixes the root of 
 which is still intelligible. These roots are incorporated straight into the dictionary 
 with reference to their derivations, though certain phonetic variations must be 
 stated and the etymology is certainly not clear in all cases e. g. one prefix sd- seems 
 to be derived from so (atmosphere) see under sd- and so; one Id- must be under- 
 stood as a negative prefix, see under Id-zii, as opposed to md-zu; fur- is to be 
 identified with fur (to excavate) in the compound 'pHr-ayam, (talpa), but it is derived 
 from for (mouldy) in pur-mo (mould); lun- is Idn (stone) in certain compounds, 
 kur- could be identified with (««) hor (star), iur- (in words designating nomina 
 propria of mushrooms' perhaps derived from dor; tuk- in some cases i. q. tHk (to 
 cover over); luk- (in compounds which are nomina propria of plants i. q. {td-) luk 
 (frog); muk- as Mainwaring suggests i. q. mak (to die) in muk-nyam (Hades); san 
 (wood) seems to be corrupted into siin- in certain compounds, but in many cases 
 it is of different origin. The prefixes tHk- and tun- seem to be interchangeable 
 in many cases. It is impossible to settle the question in a satisfactory manner 
 without fresh materials obtained from the cognate dialects or from the natives. 
 I hope that the inserted quotations may enable the reader to find his way. 
 
 Nomina propria of plants and beasts are incorporated as complete words with 
 but few exceptions, the etymological meaning of the single parts was not in all 
 cases intelligible as in the case of tur-hlet dor fr. Met (slippery) or fd-fon-hu from 
 fon (green.). ^) 
 
 By false analogy taken from I, A, B the above described prefixes (I — III) 
 are confounded in the modern orthography of the manuscripts; the confusion is 
 stated by M. (see Gr. 1 23) but he gives no real explanation of the difficulties. Even 
 the Biblical books printed at Darjeeling afford no means of settling the question; 
 I hope that my method may be satisfactory, even if it does not contain "whole the 
 truth". To enable the reader to discern what he wants in cases when pur-dyam 
 and 'pd-dyam; piit-nydm, pdt-nyom (sic!), pd-nyom; tii.k-klak, td-klak etc. are found 
 even in the same page of a manuscript, I have inserted the various spellings of 
 the confounded prefixes with quotations referring to the roots. See under tHk-^ 
 tur-, kul-, put- etc. Dnder such circumstances the reader has a guide even if the 
 
 1) The so-called Tiiii-bor compounds are treated as complete words but they are also added to 
 the respective general word. To the scientific names of animals and minerals I have added re- 
 ferences to Waddells list of birds (H. H. Eisley, Gazetteer of Sikhim, Cain. 1894) and to Watt's 
 great work (George W. a dictionary of the economic products of India Calc. 1889- 1896). This 
 undertaking was very difficult, many names given by Wtt. being Tibetan and nearly all in such 
 terrible spelling that they could often only be identified — by chance, e. g. siriokhtem (Wtt.) i. q. 
 sd-ry6k kd-iyah (M.), skep-kyew (Wtt.) i. q. Sap k'yu (M.) Etymological analysis of these names would 
 be very interesting, but it is impossible without the natives; only in a few cases could be found 
 the "tertium comparationis" e. g. sd-mon (Yak-tail) and Caryota urens, the appellation being taken 
 from the black fibres of the tree. 
 
Preface. VII 
 
 needed derivation is omitted in the dictionary, to enable him at once to define 
 the meaning of a compound word from the root. 
 
 The variations of meaning which the prefixes effect in single roots are very 
 interesting; see under grydn, sit etc. 
 
 Thus as far as shortness was concerned Mainwaring's huge volumes were reduced 
 to half their extent, let alone that his method would have led the editor into 
 enumerating every kind of spelling in order to construct certain forms, which he 
 never could have detected in the printed or written texts. 
 
 Another interesting question which occurs in Lepcha grammar is the phonetic 
 change of certain final consonants. It should be borne in mind 
 
 1. that three suffixed letters form derivations of verbal roots, see under -t, 
 -m, -n. The respective forms are to be sought under the roots e. g. td-not see s. v. 
 no; a-ryum see ryu, a-hrun see hru. Quotations not, hrun referring to no, Aj'm are inserted. 
 
 2. that final consonants are modified. This modification not affecting the 
 alphabetical order, may be briefly stated as regards the single cases. 
 
 A. Pinal n is modified into n, see Grammar; non refers to ndn etc. 
 
 B. Roots ending in k seem to be accompanied by parallel forms with final n, 
 the former being transitive or causative, the latter intransitive or medial e. g. 
 hlyak to break off as opposed to hlyan torn off; vdk to avoid opp. to van (van) to 
 be free; vydk to undulate ("to make gyrations") opp. vyon coil; tyuk to turn upside 
 down opp. tyun etc. It seems to be a similar case with roots ending in -m which 
 occur sometimes with final -p, but the supposed variation of meaning cannot be 
 verified e. g. nup and num, hap and ham. 
 
 I have also noted certain instances in which final consonants assume a new 
 and peculiar transformation, which cannot defined grammatically at present e. g. 
 nyok and nydl to be tardy; nup and nul to be soft — for further examples see 
 the English-Lepcha part of the dictionary. To settle the question it is necessary 
 to study the cognate languages and to balance the various spellings in the manu- 
 scripts, which have generally a tendency rather to suppress the diverging forms 
 and to unify them preferring the final guttural nasal ii to final k ov n mentioned 
 under A and B or otherwise. It must be remembered that the abbreviated letters 
 of final consonants are seldom correctly executed and are mistaken by the copyist 
 of a manuscript himself. 
 
 Modified initial consonants can be traced only in forming the causative or 
 transitive basis of the verbal roots. The most frequent mode of forming these 
 consists in adding y to the initial consonant, e. g. kyor cans, of kor; nydn caus. of 
 non etc. I have inserted the causative forms but under the references to the 
 respective roots. 
 
 Before we can proceed to the so-called Lepcha alphabet, it must be remem- 
 bered that in adapting the rude idiom of the Lepcha's to writing some discrepancies 
 arose, which are to be found occasionally under similar circumstances. 
 
 In studying the Lepcha spoken language the following considerations deserve 
 fresh investigation. As certain words derived from the same root are adapted to 
 different spellings, it was impossible to abandon the orthography now intro- 
 
vm Preface. 
 
 duced. I shall give here a number of examples for the convenience of the reader 
 of books and manuscripts. 
 
 1. The Vowels. 
 
 . 1. In Lepcha-orthography a (a) and u are often interchangeable in the same 
 root e. g. sun-mut (wind): mat (to blow); pd-no (king): pun-di (queen); mu-zu and 
 md-zii (body); team, a-tsdm (place where people congregate) and tsiim (isu) to meet 
 together); jd, pd-jd: jiim, pd-jum (sitting); a-hryd (mistake): hryu, (to be beside 
 one's self); hap, hup (hup) (a sip); gydr (to be afraid): gyur (shrinking fr. shame); 
 hldn, ftun, klun (to slip down); dr: ur (c. obliq. of dr) (this); a and u are inter- 
 changeable : tul : pun-tal (short). 
 
 2. In modern spoken language o and u are confounded e. g. myup: mop, mok 
 (to store up) sak-ryot or sak-ryut fr. ryu (to be good); tvk-fyuk (a scoop) and fok 
 (to scoop out). These examples are written with o instead of u. It is very em- 
 barassing in manuscripts, when wn is written instead of on (horse), tsu (to cook) 
 instead of feo, nut ddk (thirst) instead of not ddk. To settle the correct spelling 
 is very difficult. In words borrowed from Tibetan I have reconstructed the T. 
 vocalisation, I wrote therefore: co-bo not co-pu (scholar); nor-bu (jewel) not nur-pu; 
 om mani pe-me hum not um etc. 
 
 3. The vowels a and 6 are often interchangeable e. g. lyot or fydt (to hack). 
 This seems to be derived from roots ending in -k or -w, which when the syllable 
 has the d (a) or a vowel are spoken like -ok, -on; so are found: rok (to sift; to 
 be shaken) and hrdk (to shake); hyok, fyok (to cross) and aydk (to cross hands). 
 In the so-called Lepcha-alphabet the syllable an if accentuated an is not distinct 
 from on, the spelling ran and ron (a Lepcha), sd-fdn and sd-fon (tiger), -sdn and 
 -son (plur. postposition) sdn and son (to be clear) are identical. 
 
 4. in certain roots d or o interchange with e, but it does not seem in all cases 
 a difference in writing because variation of mea"ning accrues e. g. glyot (to let down, 
 glyet (to let fall) see under gh; flok (to be splintered): fkk (splinter); hok (to shell, 
 to husk) and hyek or fyek (id.) Can it be registered under that species of modified 
 vowels which comparative grammarians design as Umlaut ? ') dyom and dem (time) 
 seem to be alphabetic discrepancies. 
 
 5. In manuscripts the vowel i {yi) is written yu if the syllable ends in m, I or p. 
 
 6. In certain roots a is written e occasionally, see M. Gr. e. g. jen i. q. jdn etc. 
 n. Consonants, exspecially initial consonants. 
 
 The spelling of a number of roots contains a certain variety of modified con- 
 sonants, which seem to have originated in a stage of the language now too remote 
 to be accurately defined. In this case the so-called Lepcha-alphabet seem to be 
 insufficient to represent the real form which can be understood only by careful 
 investigation of the spoken idiom. 
 
 1. simple consonants e. g. nop-pd and kop (kyop) (slowly); — zop and jop (to 
 oppress); — yak and jak (to tickle); — cor and (so) tsor (sour); — gol (to roll 
 down) and rdl (to roll round), one simple c. instead of a compound one, e. g. zdn 
 
 1) (Jompare a-kup and a-kep and Tibetan rta and rteu etc. 
 
Preface. IX 
 
 and dydn (striped); — (tuk-) jer and dyer (side); — rok (shaken off) and hrak (to shake); 
 — jol and lyol (wide); — j6p and lyop (flat). 
 
 2. compound consonants e. g. (pur-) fyet (pincers) and p(y)it (to squeeze); — 
 fyok and dyok (transverse); — pyul and fyul (to stir up); — bran and (so) mrdn 
 (thin); — ayot and klyot (to strike); — hydn and fyon (parallel); — fyek and hyek 
 (to husk); — krap and %a^ (sticky); — pyom and plyom (to be skinned); — Araw 
 and gryon (straddling); — flok, blok and flek (splintered); — flun. kliin, hldn, plut 
 (to slip down). 
 
 r and y affixed to the initial consonant are interchangeable in certain roots 
 e g. frot and fyot; brol and byol etc. ^) 
 
 Tibetan words have no settled mode of orthography e. g. sa-dsin is written 
 sdn-zun, san-ziin, co-zun; pyag: cok, cak, pyok; sans-rgyas: son-gyo or san-gye\ yi- 
 dwags: yi-do^ wu-do, wu-dii etc. Tibetan r affixed to aspirated initial consonants is 
 invariably written with y e. g. pyen-bo T.' p'ren-ba\ py6 T. pra-ba; hydm T. Mram-pa 
 etc. Can there any hint enable one to define the above-mentioned affixed causal y, 
 which corresponds in cognate languages to aspirated consonants? 
 
 When the manuscripts of the late Greneral Mainwaring were entrusted to the 
 editor it was desired by the British Government, that the type used should be 
 Roman. "The so-called Lepcha alphabet used by General Mainwaring in his 
 Grammar is a pure fiction. The language has properly speaking no written character, 
 though it is possible that on a few occasions a debased variety of the Tibetan 
 character may have been resorted to. There is however no necessity whatever 
 and no real justification for incurring the expense of starting Lepcha type nor as 
 a matter of fact can a complete fount of such type be constructed". In the 
 "history of Sikhim and his rulers' (H. H. Risley, Gazetteer of Sikhim 15) it is 
 stated, that the king Cha-dor (P'yag-rdor rnani-gyal, born 1686) has designed an 
 alphabet for his Lepcha subjects.'') Qri-kali-kumar-das (J. Buddh. T. Soc. IV, 1, 
 1898 App. II, 1) identifies the alphabet as it is used by the Baptist mission ab- 
 solutely with that of king Cha-dor and gives a few very interesting notes from 
 "Lepcha-books". 
 
 It clearly appears from the accompanying table of the alphabet that the 
 derivation from a certain form of Tibetan U-met character is beyond doubt and 
 that the type used in printing religions books by the Baptist mission differs in 
 many points (compare letters cd, dd etc.) from the type used by the Lepchas 
 themselves in their manuscripts. 
 
 In the matter of transliteration the editor's aim has been to conform to the 
 dictionary of Dr. Jaschke but with certain reservations which were founded on 
 Mainwaring's method. The single words were arranged according the follow- 
 ing order: 
 
 ka k'a ga na; 
 
 ca c'a ja nya; 
 
 1) Compare the wellknown peculaiity of Burmese, which confounds primitive r with y opp. to 
 Aracanese. 
 
 2) Appendix II, q. see also Journ. of the Buddh. T. Soc. IV, 1, 1898. 
 
X 
 
 Preface. 
 
 Lepcha 
 
 Tibetan 
 
 Power 1 
 
 Lepcha Tibetan 
 
 Power 
 
 printed written 
 type type 
 
 u- 
 
 med 
 
 u- 
 
 6an 
 
 Main- 
 waring 
 
 Our 
 
 Trans- 
 scription 
 
 printed 
 type 
 
 written U- 
 type med 
 
 U- 
 can 
 
 Main- 
 waring 
 
 Trans- 
 soription 
 
 ■^ £ 
 
 9, 
 
 T 
 
 ka 
 
 ka 
 
 
 
 final 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ^ Y 
 
 &. 
 
 P 
 
 hla 
 
 kla 
 
 d 
 
 ■v,n^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 tsa 
 
 tsa 
 
 ( i 
 
 
 final 
 
 k 
 
 k 
 
 o»- 
 
 (Aes 
 
 ^ 
 
 tsha 
 
 tsa 
 
 ^ 
 
 <t 
 
 P 
 
 kha 
 
 Ra 
 
 4 
 
 4 3 
 
 a 
 
 za 
 
 za 
 
 6) (jO 
 
 ^ 
 
 =^ 
 
 ga 
 
 ga 
 
 t 
 
 t - 
 
 ^ 
 
 ya 
 
 ya 
 
 <^^ 
 
 
 
 gla 
 
 gla 
 
 V 
 
 ^<)- 
 
 xi- 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 > I 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 nga 
 
 ha 
 
 r 
 
 •^ -^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ra 
 
 ra 
 
 ^^ ^^) 
 
 
 final 
 
 ng 
 
 h 
 
 «o 
 
 UJ 
 
 final 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 -0 '-^ 
 
 -ix 
 
 ^ 
 
 cha 
 
 ca 
 
 ; 
 
 ) A 
 
 -J 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 X ^ 
 
 do 
 
 cB 
 
 chha 
 
 ca 
 
 CO 
 
 CO ru 
 
 q 
 
 la 
 
 la 
 
 ^ /ITN 
 
 «; 
 
 5 
 
 y« 
 
 ja 
 
 A 
 
 •\ 
 
 final 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ?: ?e^ 
 
 9» 
 
 ^ 
 
 nya 
 
 nya 
 
 if 
 
 ^ <h 
 
 ^ 
 
 ha 
 
 ha 
 
 ^ <.-^ 
 
 A 
 
 =} 
 
 ta 
 
 ta 
 
 X 
 
 -H ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 hla 
 
 hla 
 
 "" •» 
 
 
 final 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 q 
 
 va 
 
 va 
 
 >» >» 
 
 21 
 
 ^ 
 
 tha 
 
 fa 
 
 iy i^f^ f 
 
 ^ 
 
 sa 
 
 sa 
 
 * * > 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 da 
 
 da 
 
 e 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 sha 
 
 sa 
 
 /o <^ 
 
 T 
 
 ^ 
 
 na 
 
 na 
 
 m^ 
 
 /so ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 wa 
 
 wa 
 
 /9 >» 
 
 
 final 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 & 
 
 & »J^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 :? 3" 
 
 u. 
 
 q 
 
 fa 
 
 pa 
 
 % 
 
 T 
 
 
 a 
 
 k 
 
 C P^ 
 
 
 
 pla 
 
 pla 
 
 &i 
 
 ^c _ 
 
 
 a. 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 Uft 
 
 final 
 
 P 
 pha 
 
 P 
 
 |ia 
 
 % U "^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ff /^ 
 
 ! 
 
 
 fa 
 
 fa 
 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 q, 
 
 q 
 
 fla 
 ba 
 
 fla 
 ba 
 
 |i^^ 
 
 
 u 
 e 
 
 u 
 e 
 
 « 00 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 bla 
 
 bla 
 
 it 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 Jk 
 
 OJk 
 
 SI 
 
 ma 
 
 ma 
 
 (^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 ? 5r 
 
 
 
 mla 
 
 mla 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preface. XI 
 
 ta fa da na; 
 
 pa p'a fa ba ma; 
 
 tsa ts'n za; 
 
 ya ra la; 
 
 ha va sa sa wa a. 
 I must add that Lepcha za represents also Tibetan ^ (dsa), sd stands also for T. (^ {za) 
 wd or a also for T. 0, (d) The letter fea occurs in two forms in the manuscripts, 
 there exists a larger form of letter da which is always compounded with suffixed y, 
 the detached form (a slanting curved line) being the common form with single 
 vowels. The letter nd without the vowels m and u is written slanting, but is occurs 
 in the erect position used in all cases for the printed type, if combined with the 
 mentioned vowels. 
 
 In transliterating the vowel-signs I have endeavoured to alter the spelling adopted 
 by Mainwaring in his grammar. Considering the fact, that Mainwaring's vowel a 
 is also written d in a number of cases mentioned above, it is certain, that 6 belongs 
 to the same series of accentuated vowels as a belongs, which is proved by the 
 form of the letter the upper part of which is identical with the accent-sign 
 as used in manuscripts. So I abandoned the sign ' (Kan) and substituted for it 
 the accutus ' in all cases, further I indicated the short vowels by \ which commended 
 itself to me from their sounds being nearly identical with the short English a or u. 
 I cannot give any additions to M.'s notes concerning the pronunciation of the 
 the vowels, the only source from which any comments could be drawn being rather 
 unintelligible. ^) a (initial) may be called the basis of the vowels, it may be a sort 
 of guttural spirans often combined with y; it is used as a consonant. In some 
 cases dyd corresponds to T. ^^^0, (yya). 
 
 The editor wishes to add that sympathizing with the efPorts made by the late 
 General Mainwaring in preserving the idiom of a dying race, he would be content, 
 if he should have any success in his undertaking. He is indeed fully aware, that 
 he must appeal to the indulgence of the Public, himself knowing what is needed 
 to make the exhaustive study of a language satisfactory. 
 
 The difficulties were very great, the editor having to rewrite and to rearrange 
 the whole of the manuscripts, to excerpt texts (together with a mass of Tibetan 
 matter), to correct the proofsheets, to add new definitions in cases, where he had 
 no Pandit, no assistant to consult, not to mention the fact that the book was to be 
 printed by men, who did not understand the language. He ventures to hope that 
 in this instance the reader will excuse a number of errors and deficiencies, which 
 are indispensable from a work like the present, as well as certain peculiarities in 
 Mainwaring's English orthography which the editor has failed to remove. 
 
 Last of all, for the elucidation of my method I take occasion to give two pages 
 of the Berlin Manuscript of Ta-se-sun, in the original form with transliteration 
 in Koman characters and literal translation. 
 
 1) A. Campbell, Note on the Lepcha's of Sikkim J. A. S. B. IX, 379-388, 1840. It cannot 
 not be determined to what letter the notes belong. 
 
xn Preface. 
 
 Fol. 68. 
 
 
 Fol. 69. 
 
 
 TRANSLITERATION. 
 
 Fol. 68. han fun so-bo-son ') fo7 non-lun pd-no-ka dun bi-sen % pa no li-ba kd-sii yii funka 
 a-lo mat-bo-wun-'^h'e yo-ban sak-lyak-yam-o g lyan ur-sd md-ro pdn fyen kuk-yam-o 
 (8) td-se-Un-sd fyak-ka fyen hlyam-yam-o % pd-no do-sd kup-nim Ion-ban lorn tsok 
 kon-yam-o J} kum-dun-sdn^)-nun td-se- fin-mum ryak-yam-o ^ han td se-fin do un 
 tdn-ka md-ro-sd lyan lyem^) tet yam-o 5; td-se-fin-mum s6t-sim^^-bo rdn^)-nan-bo-sd 
 lyan-ka ti-non-yam-o ^ td-se-fin-mum su s6t-td-^Hel-te-yam-o |f td-se-fiH-nim lyot- 
 td^^-Mn md-ro rel-ld-sd a-mik-ka tson rel-ld op-l&n sot-yet*) -td^^ -yam-o j td-se fin- 
 do nd un-tdn lyem^) tet Fol. 69. ta^)-'^^ndn-yam-o % han 16m tsok bo-son md-ro gun-nd 
 ro non-ne-yam-o ^ md-ro gUn-niin td-se-fih miim riin-jul^) mun on ydn a-bryan fik- 
 yami-o % ur-ryen') td-se do lyan kat-ka non-yam-o ^ han pd-no-ryiim,^) o-tet-ka 
 sic^)-lel-fat-yam-o § td-se-fin do tsuk-lat-sd cdn^'')-lem di-sen § loTn-ka co-bo kat-sd 
 tstim-yam-o ^ td-se-tin-ntin yd gdn Id md ydn^^ nd zon mat-liin li-ba tdn-dyen^^) go- 
 lun^^) ho su yd-hun go le yo vyet^^)- yam-o § co-bo-re li-ba go td-lyan sd-hor ryu- 
 nii,n sd jen^*')-nun-sd nam turn, it-dye^^) giin-nd yd-pa ^ td-se- fin -ni/n li ba gdn kd- 
 sUm kam Map bo yo li-ban hUm a-jim^^ ryu Id bi-yam-o {} co-bu^^)-ryen'') Id nam 
 turn it dye^^)-sd la-vo^'') sd-hor ryu md-ryun^^ -nun^'^ giin-nd hlap-bi-yamo ^-. 
 
Preface. xttt 
 
 EMENDATION. 
 
 1. read sdn. — 2. read lem. — 3. read ran. — 4. read dydt. — 5. read td. — 
 6. read run-jil. — 7. read ren. — 8. read rem. — 9. read tyu. — 10. read can Tib. 
 hyan. — 11. read tdn-den. — 12. read ge-lon Tib. dge-shn. — 13. read vydt. — 14. 
 read yaw. — 15. read dyit-de. — 16. read co-bo. — 17. read Id-vo. 
 
 ANALYTICAL NOTES. 
 
 A. see under -un. — B. see under Ui. — C. see under -a 3. — D. see under 
 n. in. — E. see jim. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 Then the men who had brought the corpse, went away again and reported (it) 
 to the king. The king summoned: The man who treats my wife's corpse thus! 
 and was enraged. All the inhabitants of the kingdom called (him): "enemy". 
 They made war against Ta-se (Padmasambhava). The son of the king himself 
 guiding (them) ordered (them) to stop the way. Other men pursued Ta-se. Then 
 Ta-se fled into another country down the streams. The men who wished to kill 
 Ta-se arrived at the spot, where he was lying in ambush. How could one succeed 
 in killing Ta-se? Ta-se turning round and shooting arrows in each man's eye 
 killed (them). Ta-se went away into the plains. Then all the men who were to 
 intercept (his flight) were frightened. They called him by name "son of madness" 
 (T. bdud-5or-ba gzon-nu). After that Ta-se arrived in another land. There he 
 converted (the inhabitants) even the king. When Tn-se was travelling in North- 
 eastern direction, he met with a learned man on the way. Ta-se pretending to 
 know nothing, though he was clever, said (to him) "What you know, o tan-den 
 monk, I wish (to learn)." In this manner he consi'lted (him). The learned man 
 replied: "I understand how to determine years according to lucky or unlucky 
 constellations in the heavens." Ta-se said: "then let me know a little" and gave 
 him a good fee. Then the learned man gave (him) lessons about lucky and 
 unlucky moon and stars which determine years. 
 
XIV 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 a. 
 abbr. 
 
 active, actively, 
 abbreviated, abbreviation. 
 
 ace. 
 
 according to. 
 
 ace, accus. 
 
 accusative case. 
 
 adj. 
 
 adjective. 
 
 adv. 
 
 adverb. 
 
 advly. 
 
 adverbially. 
 
 c. 
 
 cum, witli. 
 
 c. c. 
 
 construitur cum, construed with. 
 
 of. 
 
 confer, compare. 
 
 Chr. 
 
 Christian writings: Ex., J., LGS., Gen. 
 
 cog 
 
 cognate, related in origin. 
 
 comp. 
 
 compound, compounds. 
 
 conj. 
 
 conjunction. 
 
 contr. 
 
 contracted. 
 
 corr. 
 
 correct, correctly. 
 
 dat. 
 
 dative case. 
 
 deriv. 
 
 derivative, derivatives. 
 
 e c. 
 
 exemplum capias, exempli gratia, for instance. 
 
 emphat. 
 
 emphatical, emphatically. 
 
 esp. 
 
 especially. 
 
 Ex. 
 
 The book of Genesis and part of Exodus in Lepsha, Calcutta 1874. 
 
 fem. 
 
 feminine gender. 
 
 fut. 
 
 future tense. 
 
 gen. 
 
 general, generally. 
 
 gen. c. 
 
 genitive case. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Genesis, see under Ex. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hodgson, Essays on the languages, literature and religion ot 
 
 
 Nepal and Tibet, Lend. 1874. 
 
 hon. 
 
 honorific language. 
 
 Hook(er) 
 
 Dr. Hooker, Himalayan journals, Lond. 1854. 
 
 ibid. 
 
 ibidem, in the same place. 
 
 id. 
 
 idem, the same. 
 
 i. e. 
 
 id est, that is. 
 
 i. q. 
 
 idem quod. 
 
 i. 0. 
 
 instead of. 
 
AbbreTiations. 
 
 XV 
 
 imp. 
 
 incorr. 
 
 inst. 
 
 instr. 
 
 interj. 
 
 interr. 
 
 intrs. 
 
 J. 
 
 Je. 
 
 LGS. 
 
 lit. 
 
 M. 
 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 
 num. 
 
 object. 
 
 opp. 
 
 P. 
 
 p. or part. 
 
 pass. 
 
 p. or pers. 
 
 plur. 
 
 postp. 
 
 pref. 
 
 prov. 
 
 q. T. 
 
 rel. 
 
 R 
 
 Skt 
 syn 
 
 » rp 
 
 Tbr. 
 t. or trs. 
 
 V. 
 
 vb. 
 
 imperative mood. 
 
 incorrect, incorrectly. 
 
 instead. 
 
 instrumentative case. 
 
 interjection. 
 
 interrogative, -ly. 
 
 intransitive 
 
 The Gospel of John in Lepcha, Calcutta 1872. 
 
 Jerdon, The birds of India, 3 vols. Calcutta 1862 — 1869. 
 
 R6n-sa vam, Lapcagitasamgraha, Darjeeling 1893. 
 
 literally. 
 
 G. B. Mainwaring, M. with number refers to the pages of the 
 grammar (Grammar of the Rong [Lepcha] language), Calc. 1876. 
 
 name, n. p. nomen proprium. 
 
 vb. n., verbum neutrum. 
 
 numeral. 
 
 objective case. 
 
 as opposed to. 
 
 Legends of Padmasambhava translated into Lepcha under the 
 title Ta-se-sun, see T'oung-Pao 1897, 528—561; Publications 
 of the Royal Ethnological Museum of Berlin, vol. 5, 1897, 
 105 — 126; Journal of the German Oriental Society (Zeitschrift 
 der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft) 1898. Ein 
 Kapitel des Ta-se-sun, Berlin 1896. 
 
 page- 
 participle, 
 passive. 
 
 person, personal, 
 plural number, 
 postposition, 
 prefix. 
 
 proverbially, 
 quod vide, vrhich see. 
 relative. 
 H. H. Risley, Gazetteer of Sikhim Calc. 1894. W. (R.): L A. 
 
 Waddell ibd. p. 204—220. 
 substantive. 
 Sanskrit, 
 synonymous. 
 Tibetan. 
 
 Tiin-bor, see Mainwaring, Grammar p. 130 — 132. 
 transitive, 
 vide, see. 
 verb. 
 
XVI Abbreyiations. 
 
 vb. a. actiye vb. 
 
 vb. n. neuter vb. 
 
 W. L. A. Waddell, Place- and river-names in the Darjiling-district 
 
 and Sikhim, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal vol LX 
 
 pt. ], No. 2. 1891, 53 ff. 
 Wtt. Greorge Watt, a Dictionary of the economic Products of India. 
 
 Calcutta 1888—1896. 
 
 EMENDATIONS. 
 
 pag. 164 A, line 3 fr. bottom read size instead of seize. 
 „ 193 B, line 13 insert: nu- reduplic. of nydt q. v. nu nydt-ld about, close on; 
 
 nu-nydt-ld mak-sd lyan-ka fi-md-o (she) is like to die P. 
 „ 249 B, line 14 read "other" instead of "another". 
 „ 256 A, line 11 read bi jiik instead of bijuk. 
 „ 361 A, line 11 fr. bottom read "other" instead of „ an other". 
 
K 
 
 ka the first letter of the so-called 
 Lepcha alphabet T. ^ ka = its English 
 equivalent k. 
 
 ka- 1. reduplication of roots beginning 
 with k, Ic, g, n and h see under kdr^ ka, 
 kar, kal, kol, kydr, kyer, kyok, kyor, krdk, 
 kran, kri, kril, krek, klal, kldp, kl6l, klydk, 
 klyal, klydp; Kok, Kok, gdk, gar, gal, guk, 
 gul, gok, gdk, gov, gryd, gryuk, gryo, gldk, 
 glyo, nur, har, hal, hor, hoi, hrun, hrydk; 
 see kuf'i-, kum-, pd-, fd-, etc. — 2. prefix, 
 form, nouns; esp. names of beasts 
 (birds etc.) and plants, e. g. kd-tydk 
 s. palpitation fr. tyak; kd-lut bare fr. lut; 
 kd-lel bent fr. lei; kd-dyuk i. q. dyuk s. a 
 spec, monkey; kd-dr-fo; kd-so-kun etc. 
 see below; kd-kyo and kyo etc.; — kd- 
 T. g-? see kd-din T. gtin. — 3. prefix, 
 forming numerals see under kd-ku, kd- 
 kydk, kd-ti. — 4. prefix, i. q. kd-ti "ten" 
 see kd-sdm thirty, kd-fd li fourty, kd-kd- 
 kyot ninety M. Gr. 110.; kd-kat id. from 
 ten upwards kd-kat-sd kat eleven, kd- 
 kat-sd kd-kyot nineteen. 
 
 -ka, -ka-o postp. see under -«, -d-o. 
 
 -ka postp. see kd to be 1. form, the 
 imperative (2d p.) with td- prefixed: hum 
 td ndn-kd let him go, see also -sd M. 48. 
 — 2. affixed to one verb (or root) with 
 negative after previous verb (or root) 
 e. c. ti md ti kd little and great, nyi md 
 nyi kd every. 
 
 ka I. vb. see ga, go, go, gum, to be, to 
 become M. 53. almost invariably com- 
 bined with a particle and refer, rel. to 
 a neuter subject, kd gdn if it be; kd 
 gdn-ld tho' it be, nevertheless, notwith- 
 standing; — kd go-run altho' it be; who, 
 what, whenever it be ; to kd go-run who- 
 soever it be; — kd ce-nd it certainly 
 is; — kd-te it may be; a-re su kd-te 
 
 what is it, what may it be? — kd-pu it 
 may perhaps be, possibly; — kd-yan 
 though it be; kd-yan-ld adv. although it 
 be or tho' I was or intended go sd-ron 
 non-sdn kd-yan-ld fo-fat tho' I intended 
 going to-day, I have remained. — kd-su 
 or kd-fam-su what is it, what do you 
 call it; said on forgetting the name of 
 any one or thing. 
 
 ka hortat., kd-yu non-ka let we go. 
 ka II. pron. I. pers. inflect, see go T. I'la. 
 kd-su gen.; adj. my, mine, kd-su-sd id. 
 kd-sii, ayok-ka kat md-mat-tun-o do not 
 interrupt me in my work; kd-sii a-lut 
 re a-re gum this is my will; kd-sii lo-ka 
 md-nyin-ne it is not according to my 
 mind; kd-sii tyak-ka zdk it is meant for 
 me; kd-sit sok-ka fi-so it will go hard 
 with me; kd-sii riit mat-lUn li or kd-sii. 
 bon fiit mat speak for me i. q. bon tsdp 
 mat. — kd-sH-sd a-vo my husband P. — 
 kd-sum object, kd-sum puji-jUm mat-liin 
 li to speak against me; kd-sum lok mat-td 
 stand my friend. — kd-sH-ka dat., kd-sH- 
 ka nd td-gri nd md-nyin-ne indeed I have 
 no male child P. — kd-sH-niin instr. 
 M. 35. — kd-do myself, my own, kd-do 
 bot-tUn of my own accord, kd-do zdn 
 one's own family, companions or people, 
 kd-do kd-su my own, kd-do kd-sii ton-ka 
 bam to be at one' own disposal, kd-dom 
 c. inflect.; kd-dom bo-o give me my 
 own. — kd-nyi we two M. 83, kd-nyi-do 
 we two, ourselves, kd-nyi-nun instr., kd- 
 nyim, kd-nyiim inflect, kd-nyim bo give 
 us two; kd-nyi-sd gen. adjly. our two; 
 kd-nyi niim-vdm bydk md-bam-ne we two 
 shall not continue united. — kd-yu pi. we ; 
 inflect, kd-yum; kd-yu-sd gen. adjly. our. 
 M. 34; 38; kd-yu md-nun-ne or kd-yu 
 md-nun-niin-ndn-ne (said of trouble) it 
 
 1 
 
ka, kd 
 
 ka, kA 
 
 has fallen upon us; kd-yu ndn-ka amongst 
 ourselves; kd-yu-pd/i, kd-yu-sdn we all. 
 
 — kd-yu-do, kd-yu-do zuk kd-yu-do zo 
 by our own labour we obtain our bread. 
 
 — ka-yu i. q. kd-yu see M. 40 abbrev. 
 ka\ ka object, kam (old Lepcha) now 
 ka-mum; iustr. ka-nun; gen. ka-sd (?) is 
 more definite and usually denotes the 
 number to be limited or special (opp. 
 kd-yu). ka non-so we'll go. — ka-do i. q. 
 kd-yu-do we ourselves, our own; object. 
 ka-dom i. q. ka-do-mum.; ka-do zon a 
 friend of us, one of our own people; 
 ka~do-nun ka-do md-luk-nun-o i. q. ka- 
 do-zon kat kat md-luk-nd ka-o. 
 
 Compounds: kd-ho abbrev. of kd-su 
 a-ho my father, father! kd-ho-sd U my 
 father's house. — kd-mo (abb. of kd-su 
 a-md) my mother, mother! kd-mo kd-sum 
 bo-le give it to me mother. — kd-z6n for 
 a-z6?i or kd-sii zon s. younger sister-in- 
 law, my sister-in-law. 
 
 ka, III. ka, a-ka s. the hand, hon. *c6k, 
 '■pyok T. pyag, see also *lak; *l6k; — 
 a-kd-sd to s. a mark instead of signature 
 T. pyag-rgya; — a-kd ka vb. to lay hands 
 on, to rest on. — a-kd hum hyar fyap vb. 
 to clasp hand behind the neck; a-kd 
 kiim-tul-ka bi vb. to give backwards. 
 kd krok bent fingers, hand halfclosed. — 
 a-kd kd-gryd-ld thin, skinny h. — a-kd 
 c6n vb. to wash hands. — a-kd jum- 
 bam-bo a withered h. — a-kdjem adj. neat, 
 neatfingered. — a-kd nyu vb. to beckon 
 with hands to go; a-kd nyu bi vb. to 
 point with h.'s. - a-kd nyok vb. to rub 
 the h.s. — a-kd tiil vb. to cut ofp the h. 
 
 — a-kd te bam vb. to fidget with the 
 h.s. — a-kd tydt i. q. a-kd tin. — a-kd 
 top nan vb. to sit leaning on the h. 
 a-kd tap vb. to put the h.s into any- 
 thing. — a-kd tap ndk vb. to grope with 
 hands (as a blind man). — a-kd tik vb. 
 
 to take hold of hands, to join hands. 
 
 a-kd Up vb. to pat with hands, to en- 
 courage or comfort. — a-kd t'yen vb. to 
 join hands in, to agree in anything.— 
 a-kd dam bi vb. to tie the hands; a kd 
 
 dam fat the hands are tied provbly said 
 of a useless person who can do nothing. 
 a-kd a-dum clean h. — a-kd dyup vb. 
 to show with hands how large a thing 
 is. — {a-^kd pa vb. to beckon with h. to 
 come; Jm-nixn kd-yum kd pa-bam, he is 
 beckoning to us to come. — kd pdk adj. 
 without h., handless. — {a-^kd pyup vb. 
 to clinch the hands; to grasp. — a-kd 
 prydk-ld tsu vb. to have hand pierced 
 through. — a-kd fdk vb. to have skin 
 of hands rubbed off from hard work. — 
 a-kd fyok vb. to clasp hands, to fold 
 arms. — a-kd tsam vb. to take hold of 
 the hand; to clasp h. kd-tsam kd-ji adj. 
 prudent, economical ; — a-kd yam-md yam- 
 md mat vb. to have soft hands become 
 tender from not working. — a-kd rdk 
 vb. to take with h. — a-kd ran din vb. 
 to stand with uplifted hands. — a-kd 
 Idn bam vb. to have hard skin on hand, 
 a-kd Idn kH vb. to repay a debt by work 
 or rather to obtain the amount of debt 
 from a person by working for him. — a-kd 
 fdt-ka vdr vb. to lay hold of earth to 
 save one'self from falling. — {a)-kd sit 
 h-6n vb. to have the fingers below the 
 nails ragged. — a-kd sel vb. to have 
 wet hands. — a-kd ol vb. to sprain the 
 hand. — a-kd 6t vb. 1. to untie hands. 
 2. to give presents. — a-kd-nun for vb. 
 to slip or escape out of hand; — a-kd- 
 nun zuk vb. to make with the hands; — 
 a-kd-niin lyot vb. to put out of hands, 
 to become inexpert. — a-kd-sd fyam vb. 
 to arrange with the hands; a-kd-sd pyok 
 vb. to brush with the hand; a-kd-sd bUk 
 vb. to beat with hands; a-kd-sd zuk vb. 
 to make with the hands; a-kd-sd lyan 
 mat vb. to dislocate the wrist; a-kd-sd 
 vyek go-run md-fak-ne not to be able to 
 reach a thing; a-kd-sd vok vb. to stir up 
 with the hands. — arm, elbow of man 
 and thing, a-kd nyivi-bo adj. 1. elbowed 
 as a chair having arms. 2. a clever and 
 handy man; a-kd md-nyin-num-bo adj. 
 without arms, strength of hands, arms. 
 kd tap vb. 1. to pilfer, to purloin, 
 
ka, k^ 
 
 ka, k& 
 
 2. to beat, 3. to distrain (goods); a-kd 
 dot vb. to strip the arms as in preparing 
 to fight. — a-kd dyu Tb. to compose 
 hands; s. strength of hands; — a-kd 
 tsum vb. to engage h. to h.; to fight. 
 (a-)kd ydk vb. to have an aversion to 
 kill or beat, to shrink from as from evil 
 deed; — a-kd lu vb. to lift h. against. — 
 a-kd &6t s. means: not to eat from the 
 hands of a person vrho has committed 
 any great crime (as murder). — a-kd 
 hlok vb. to be the first to strike. — kd 
 dyek, kd ek impressively, gesticulatingly. 
 kd ek-ld li to speak g.; kd ek ton ek 
 with gesticulations of hands and feet. — 
 the handle as of ban q. v. charge, 
 labour, work, a-kd kd-ta adj. equal in 
 work. — a-kd kydt gdn a-hdn gun kydt 
 so if you won't work you will have 
 nothing to eat; — a-kd kyop vb. 1. to 
 set to work, 2. to cause, to seize. — kd 
 gyd-bo adj. resting from labour. — kd jum 
 vb. to decrease in quantity or seize by 
 handling. — kd nyol adj. sluggish, lazy, 
 slothful, inactive. — a-kd tan-nun md- 
 fap-ne vb. to be difficult, kd plon h. to 
 have lost its cunning, unpractised; kd-su 
 kd plon-non my h. (or I am) out of 
 practise; — a-kd zam vb. to put fingers, 
 to be clever; — a-ka yd vb. to be well 
 acquainted with any one, to know how 
 to do anything well; a-kd md-yd-ne vb. 
 to be the contrary of the above: a-kd 
 ryu-ld Tna-yd-ne; a-kd ydm-ho skilful. — 
 a-kd sow, vb. to be tired with work; 
 
 — a-kd a-hrdt md-nyin-ne to be lazy, 
 skilfulness, prudence, a-kd kop-bam 
 vb. to be inexpert or slow with hands; 
 
 — kd-grdm-bo adj. 1. quick -fingered, 
 2. a monkey Tbr.; — a-kd glen vb. to 
 be skilful; — a-kd nydk bam adj. inexpert 
 with the hands. — a-kd md-ryu-num-bo 
 adj. light-fingered, thievishly disposed. 
 
 — the means, the power of, sway, 
 authority, influence, domination, 
 possession, a-kd-ka fi-non Yh. to come 
 to hand, to obtain; — a-kd a-tdn md- 
 tet-ne no-o to have a good journey; — 
 
 a-kd a-tdn tsam-lun li to speak earnestly 
 or with effect; — a-kd-ka tmt vb. to 
 come into the power of. — (a-)kd-ka lat 
 vb. 1. to come to hand; 2. to be pro- 
 ductive, to give good return (as harvest, 
 merchandize); — (a-)kd-ka nyi vb. to 
 have in h. ; to have possession of; to 
 have in abundance; kd-ka nyim-bo adj., 
 s. wealthy, a w. person. — charge, trust, 
 deposit. (a-)kd-ka byi vb. to entrust, 
 to confide. — presents, gifts of 
 friendship, tokens of regard (given in 
 exchange), fd-lyen-sd num-lyen kd pyin 
 (see pyin) (lovers) to exchange presents; 
 ayen zon kat-niin kat-sd kd ayuk vb. 
 (friends) to exchange tokens of regard 
 one with the other. — a-kd a-gum adj. 
 empty-handed; — kd-tom adj. close-fisted, 
 miserly, a-kd li-ld bi vb. to give liberally. 
 
 kd-ka 1. in the hands; 2. in the power 
 of, under authority; 3. in chai'ge of; 
 4. i. q. kd-niin; kd-nun through, by means 
 of M. 84. 
 
 Compounds: kd-kam s. the arm formed 
 as a pillow, kd-kam-ld da vb. to lie witli 
 head resting on arm; — (a-^kd-kyii s. 
 measure or span of thumb and closed 
 joint of forefinger; — (a-)kd-kytip s. a 
 ring for finger; kd-kyup hyii a plain ring 
 without its stone M. 120; — a-kd gop a. 
 the hollow of hand, when hand is half- 
 closed; — a-kd gom s. the space of 
 middle finger and thumb; — a-kd cak s. 
 the (inner) joints of wrist or arm; — 
 a-kd cit s. one handful, when closed, 
 one graspful. — kd-ciik s. the joints of 
 fingers. — kd-cop s. hand with fingers 
 straightly drawn together, kd-cop hrip 
 vb. to pick up with fingers. — kd-cdp s. 
 an assistant, a helper (litly. an additional 
 hand). — kd-co i. q. kd-cor 2. kd-c6r s. 
 1. hand with fingers spread out in a 
 version; 2. a net Tbr. sitn-li- kd-c6r 
 dydp vb. to put out hand (in anger or 
 contempt), to cast out net Tbr. kd-cor 
 kyop vb. to throw out hand (as in a- 
 version). — (a-^kd-jdk s. the fore-finger. 
 M. 133. {a-)kd-jdk-sd fyon vb. to point 
 
ka, kd 
 
 ka, kd 
 
 with f. f. — (a-)kd jam s. touching lightly 
 with fiBgers. (lit. ends of fingers and 
 thumb), kd-jdm-nun tsun vb. to lift up 
 daintily with precaution as any thing 
 nasty, to lift with ends of fingers and 
 thumb. — kd-ji explet. to kd-tsam q. v. 
 
 — (a-)kd j6m s. fingers M. 134, (a-)kd 
 jom-cak s. the joints of fingers, (a-)kd 
 j6m-bi/er s. the space between fingers, 
 (a-')kd jom-hyO'B. the flesh between joints 
 of fingers, {a-)kd jom hrdt s. the bone 
 between joints of fingers, the phalanges; 
 — - kd-nya expletive to kd-fyok. — kd- 
 nyom s. 1. equality, uniformity, 2. im- 
 partiality, kd-nyom mat vb. to render 
 equal, uniform, to be impartial. — kd-tan 
 s. a handful, kd-tan-ka jak md-com-ne 
 vb. to secure a full grasp, to refuse by 
 any means, to let go; see kd-cit. — 
 (a-)kd-tdp or tup s. the fist M. 122; 
 (a-)kd-tun s. the joining at wrist kd-tun 
 sun-gryon a spec, of spider (with legs). 
 
 — (a-)kd-tut s. a finger of h. crooked; 
 knuckles; — (a-')kd-tum see tu; — (a)- 
 kd-tyam s. the wrist; — (a-^kd-fap s. 
 1. fighting, 2. the distraining of goods; 
 
 — (a-)kd-fi s. the little finger i. q. kd 
 vyet. — kd-fu the elbow; in Tbr. to have 
 nothing at all as kd-fu sap (-pun) non 
 said of a person who has or can get 
 nothing, he is altogether destitute. — 
 kd-don the fore-leg or arm of bear sd- 
 nar kd-don. — (a-^kd dom s. the thumb 
 M. 122, kd dom kydp vb. to seal with th., 
 to bind to engagement. — (a-)kd pd- 
 gron s. length fr. finger-ends, when both 
 arms are stretched out. — {a-)kd puk-sol 
 s. the arm-length from tip of fingers to 
 armpit. — a-kd piin-ci s. nail of finger. 
 a-kd piin-ci kin s. the corner of nail. 
 a-kd piin-ci dam s. skin over the nail. 
 a-kd piin-ci byer between nail and flesh. 
 
 — {a-)kd pUp s. length from elbow to 
 middle joint of little finger when the 
 hand is closed, vb. to lift up arm from 
 elbow. — {a-)kd pek s. the lower part 
 of arm, the part of fore-arm from wrist 
 to pHr-jim q. v. — kd pruk both hands 
 
 put together open and hollow as when 
 receiving water in hands (bason-shaped); 
 kd pruk kat two handful; kd-pruk-sd ok 
 vb. to take up with both hands (as 
 water); kd pruk tsok or yan to hold out 
 hands as above. — kd pldk work, fixed 
 work, duty, business, a-re kd-sH kd pldk 
 giim this is my work, my business. — 
 kd-fy6k see under fyok. — a-kd bUk 
 fak tet as far as an arm can reach. — 
 (a-^kd-bUm s. folded hands (as prayer) 
 P. kd-bum mdt vb. to fold hands; kd-bUm 
 mat-lUn with folded hands; kd-bUm zuk 
 vb. to fold h.s; a-kd a-do kd-bUm sd-tet 
 zuk go-run go a-dom lyiip-so however 
 much you beg, I will beat you. — kd- 
 bok s. the upper-arm between elbow and 
 shoulder, see pdk-cdm. kd-bok-sd a-hrdt 
 the OS humerus. — (a-)kd bydr or byer 
 s. the space between the fingers. — kd- 
 mor s. handicraft, manufacture, workman- 
 ship, kd-mdr-ydm-bo s. one experienced 
 in handicraft, kd-mdr-zuk-bo s. a manu- 
 facturer, artisan, mechanic, kd-mdr-jem-bo 
 id. — {a-)kd-tsdk s. length fr. elbow to 
 middle-finger's end, a cubit; (a-)kd-tsdk 
 cik vb. to measure do. — kd-tsam s. pru- 
 dence, adj. thrifly, prudent, economical 
 M. 137. kd-tsam kd-ji adj. i. q. kd-tsam. 
 kd-tsdm ydm-bo adj. prudent, economical. 
 
 — {a-)kd-tsum s. the lines of h.; — 
 {a-^kd-tso s. the pulse, a-kd-ts6 cet v. to 
 feel the p. — (a-)kd-ydk s. the tips of 
 fingers; — (a-)kd-ydn s. the middle, the 
 large finger; kd-yon-bo s. a liberal gene- 
 rous person; — kd-ru s. workmanship 
 when old, old handwork. — (a-^kd lit 
 s. the fourth finger. — a-kd 16 s. daily 
 wages; a-ka 16 mat-bo s. a daily labourer. 
 
 — ia-)kd-l6n s. a h. -instrument, a tool, 
 a weapon; — {a-)kd-ly6k s. the palm of 
 hand, Tbr. a plate; {a-)kd-ly6k kat from 
 the 5 fingers it signifies five rupies and 
 (a-)kd-ly6k nydt-ka 10 rupies and so on. 
 {a-')kd-ly6k brydk or bryek vb. to clap the 
 hand. — kd-hrdk elevating in hands, pre- 
 senting in hands, kd-hrdk pldn-ka pH 
 vb. to present in uphold hands. — kd- 
 
k& — kcL-grdii-fo 
 
 kd-gryeh — ka-ju 
 
 hryep s. the fore-arm k. h.-sd a-hrdt the 
 ulna and radius. — kd-vi s. one open 
 hand (bason -shaped), kd-vi-ka in the 
 power of, in possession of, kd-vi-ka zdk 
 vb. to fall into the p. of. — a-kd vi-ka 
 tsut id. (a-)kd vyet s. i. q. kd-fi. — kd- 
 vyo s. the radius of arm. — (^a-)kd-so the 
 veins of h., the pulse: kd-tso kd-so tsam 
 ndk or kd-so tso team ndk or cdt vb. to 
 feel the p. — kd-m s. 1. handiwork, manu- 
 facture, 2. a souvenir, a gift, a token of 
 regard. — kd-mk s. gloves M. 144; k. s. 
 CO a pair of do.; k. s. a-kd/l an odd glove; 
 k. s. suk vb. to put- on gloves, k. s. fyul 
 vb. to take off do. 
 
 kd IV. vb. to decoct, to boil, to stir (as 
 porridge), to stew (meat) M. 14.3, ci kd 
 to boil chi, nyen kd to boil milk, mdn kd 
 to stew meat in small pieces, stirring 
 the while; tuk-tdk kd vb. to boil, tuk-tdk 
 nyen kd to b. milk. 
 
 ka, V. ka, kd-t. kd-ho s. 1. superinten- 
 dance of work, authorization, power; s. 
 an overseer of work, kd-bo kyop vb. 1. to 
 superintend work, 2. to urge on, to goad; 
 to act imperiously, to domineer, kd-ho-sd 
 Tin li vb. to invite, to goad on with words, 
 to speak authoritatively, imperatively, 
 despotically, li-sd kd-bo kyop vb. id. 
 
 kdt vb. to be appointed to any business, 
 to be deputed, to be ordained, prescribed, 
 constituted, to appoint. kdt-Mn kloA to 
 be appointed and sent; ku-ts'op kdt-ban 
 klon being appointed ambassador and 
 sent. — kdt-bo s. an overseer of work, 
 superintendent, num-kdt s. superinten- 
 dence of work etc. 
 
 ka-ka-ar-fo i. q. kd-dr-fo. 
 
 ka-ku num. (cfr. kd-3) eight. 
 
 ka-kyak num. seven, kd-kydk-bo the 
 seventh. 
 
 ka-kydt nma.nhie, kd-kydt-fyin nine times. 
 
 ka-gro for ko-gro rip 1. s. the rose 
 (flower) see also ko-gro-kun. 2. s. for 
 teon-gro-zo small spec, of grain Paspalum 
 fruraentaceum. 
 
 ka-grdh-fo s. a spec, of hornbill (Buceros 
 casatis?). 
 
 ka-gryeii s. a spec, of small monkey 
 (red colour). 
 
 ka-ca s. a bulbous root, a spec, of 
 catechu, cfr. sd-brak-kd-cd. 
 
 ka-cik-kun for cik-kun q. cfr. 
 
 ka-ciii i. q. kHr-cin q. cfr. 
 
 ka-cit kiin-tson s. a spec, of maize. 
 
 ka-cit-mdn s. a spec, of millet. 
 
 ka-cfr s. a game; kd-cir-pok to game 
 when chasing and giving a kick to the 
 person overtaken. 
 
 ka-cuk kf-kun s. a spec, of the cotton- 
 tree, kd-ciik sd-li grim a bow-string made 
 of the cotton of this tree. 
 
 ka-cu mun see mi gat mun M. 
 
 ka-cur spec, of kUn-ddp q. cfr. 
 
 ka-ce s. a spec, of the lemon, kd-ce-kwl 
 s. the l.-tree, kd-ce pot s. the fruit; 
 Hooker 2, 233 "■kucheala" lemon-bush. 
 
 ka-ceh s. -kun a tree, -rik for kUn-ciil- 
 rikl M. 
 
 ka-cer s. wheat, genus Triticum; there 
 are the foil, specc. kd-cer td-not or go- 
 rok-mo; kd-cer tyak-kar; kd-cer don i. q. 
 liik-ddn; kd-cer kon-ku-na i. q. kon no; 
 kd-cer siim-bli i. q. bli. kd-cer pat to sow 
 wheat. 
 
 Comp. kd-cer cd s. 1. a beard of wheat, 
 the awn, 2. (-00) a spec, of rice. — kd-cer 
 td-jit s. wheat-meal. — kd-cer td-brum s. 
 bran. — kd-cer td-i s. flour. — kd-cei' foil 
 s. straw. — kd-cer fdl s. the kernel of 
 wheat. — kd-cer pok s. parched wheat 
 made into dough (eaten with tea or 
 water); — kd-cer pyun s. an ear of corn; 
 — kd-cer fup the husk the chaff; — kd- 
 cer mdn wheaten grain ; kd-cer mon fdt-ka 
 glo-liin md-mak-nd gdn kd-ta zon bam ex- 
 cept a corn of wheat fall into the ground 
 and die it abideth alone: J. 12. 24. — 
 kd-cer ydp fine bran; — kd-cer li s. the 
 seed; — kd-cer Am halffilled ear; kd-cer 
 sdn an empty ear. 
 
 ka-cd, ka-cdr Tbr. see kd, a-kd; kd-cor 
 tiin-krok s. a spec, of fern. 
 
 ka-jaii s. a virulent spec, of nettle. 
 
 ka-ju s. a dog M. 19. kd-ju pd-li id.; 
 Tbr.: niim-hul-mo; (tiik-^ Um-hul-bo; sd- 
 
ka-je— ka-nyaii 
 
 ka-nyat— ka-tf 
 
 cdr-nor T. Kyi. see pun-sdl; sd-tum. the 
 name of the 11th cycle of year: kd-ju 
 nam M. 141. hd-ju fan s. a corpulent 
 male d. M. 27; kd-ju bu s. a male d.; 
 kd-ju mot s. a bitch. — kd-ju-len jdn 
 worse than a dog. — kd-ju gdt-ho a fience 
 dog, kd-ju gor-ho s. a watch dog; — kd- 
 ju jin-bam-bo a mad dog; — kd-ju td-bun 
 a large d. — kd-ju tyer-yam-bo a dog 
 which flies at people; — kd-ju kd-kar-ld 
 mat to curl tail; — kd-ju nyir vb. to 
 growl; — kd-ju cdk vh. to set on a d.; — 
 kd-ju tuk-sim pur-byek-ka fap vb. to slink 
 tail between legs; — kd-ju tuk-sim vydl 
 vb. to wag tail; — kd-ju fyuk to spring 
 up to bite; — kd-ju pu to bark; — kd-ju 
 md vb. to call dog see yo yo; — kd-ju 
 yon to howl, to bay; — kd-ju sal to spring 
 up as dog when petted; — kd-ju sun-zan- 
 Id mat vb. to prick ears forward; — kd- 
 ju sin-bam to whine. 
 
 Compounds: kd-ju-kup s. a puppy; kd- 
 ju-kiip-ka di vb. to call do.; kd-ju-kup 
 a-bron a litter of puppies; kd-ju-kup-rik 
 Mucuna jtruriens; — kd-ju ndk-bo s. a 
 dog-keeper; — kd-ju tuk-sim s. a dog's 
 tail applied to the Alopecurus pratensis 
 (meadow- fox-tail grass); — kd-ju md s. 
 the dung of do.; kd-ju md mat vb. to 
 evacuate ; — kd-ju man (^lywrn) s. a sport- 
 ing dog, a hound; — kd-ju mlem zdn 
 dogfaced i. e. shameless, barefaced im- 
 pudent; — kd-ju dyit s. dogs dung; — pa- 
 no a-jdn-nun-ka mi sd a-jdn-nun zum~ 
 bam-miin-sd pe lyo gdn nd kd-ju dyit-ka 
 sum-hryon sd-dydt mup-bam re zdn gum 
 when the king and his subjects are bad 
 (metaphorically speaking) they are like 
 unto flies and gnats swarming on dogs 
 dung; kd-ju dyit kd-sum pot s. or kd-ju 
 ayit pot s. a species of blackberry. — un 
 kd-ju s. Oeryle guttata see s. un. 
 
 ka-je for U-je s. a kind of cloth q. cfr. 
 
 ka-jeri s. the plaited edging of cloth, 
 kd-jen fydr vb. to plait do. 
 
 ka-nyaii s. a turnip, Brassica rapa, kd- 
 nydn-pum s. the bulb, kd-nydn-nyom s. 
 the leaves. 
 
 ka-nyat see kd-^, num. twenty. 
 
 ka-nyf see kd II. 
 
 ka-nyum see kd II. 
 
 *ka-nye T. dge-bsnyen s. a novice priest, 
 a catechumen. 
 
 ka-nyem s. 1. a spec, of cock's comb; the 
 grain is used for making chi (sometimes); 
 kd-nyem pyiXn s. an ear of do., 2. a priest 
 Tbr. in allusion to the red colour of the 
 flower and the red dress of the priest; kd- 
 nyem kun nd vydn s. a very young foetus 
 when first forming in womb Tbr. M. 
 
 ka-nyo-fo s. name of bird, great barbet 
 Bucco grandis Gould, kd-nyo-fo dan-sd 
 s. green barbet Bucco caniceps. 
 
 kd-nyo fo td-kli tun-krok s. species of fern 
 Acrostichum (Heteroneuron costatum var. 
 rubicundum). 
 
 ka-nyon fo (?) ace. Je. 308 kaniong-pho 
 Megaloema virens; '■'■dang kaniong-pho" 
 M. lineata; ace. W. '■^kiinniong" M. mar- 
 shallorum; "dang k." M. hodgsoni R. 207. 
 
 ka-ta (see ta and Ao<) pron. adj. 1. one, 
 single, alone, only; used indefinitely for 
 "a" as sd-dyak kd-ta-ka fit-lem-so will 
 be able to see you some day hereafter; 
 2. the same kd-ta kd-ce-ne it certainly is 
 the same, kd-ta-bo, kd-ta-bo-re the one, 
 the onely one, the same; a-re sd o-re 
 kd-ta-bo this is the same as that. — kd- 
 ta-do one only; kd-ta-do dyom-ka advly. 
 at once, suddenly; kd-ta-do dyom-ka mak- 
 non-ne he died suddenly; kd-ta-ka to- 
 gether, in company of; kd-ta-ka bam vb. 
 to live together (in one house); kd-ta- 
 kiip adj. alone, solitary: kd-tap (abb. of 
 kd-ta-kup q. cfr.) a. one, alone, single, 
 solitary; kd-tap zdn only one, but one; 
 kd-ta-mu a, an, a certain one; kd-ta-mH 
 ■nun vb. to become one (as in mind), to 
 be one (in opinion etc.); kd-ta-tyin advly. 
 once, at one time, once on a time; kd- 
 ta-tyin f ok- cot U nydt-fyin samr-tyin md- 
 li-ne to have but one word to be decided 
 to be true to one' word; kd-ta zdn only 
 one, alone, by oneself. 
 
 ka-tf num., ten. Comp.: kd-ti kdt-fdp 
 eleven; kd-ti-nydt-t'dp twelve; kd-ti si/m- 
 
ka-tuk— ka-t'ydr-kun 
 
 ka-dam — ka-bdk 
 
 tdf thirteen; kd-tt fd-li tap fourteen; 
 kd-ti fd-no fdp fifteen; kd-ti td-rdk tap 
 sixteen; kd-ti kd-kydk tap seventeen; kd- 
 ti kd-ku Mp eighteen; kd-ti kd-kyot fdp 
 nineteen. 
 
 ka-tuk s. difficulty, trouble, perplexity, 
 distraction; kd-tuk-niin with d.; kd-tuk 
 nyi or si there is great d.; kd-tuk zdk 
 vb. to fall into great trouble, distress; 
 kd-tuk tnat-lm zuk vb. to perform vrith 
 great difficulty. 
 
 ka-tun s. a spec, of yam kd-tun-huk. 
 
 ka-to exclam. (probly fr. to-ka who is 
 [it]). Oh you! oh these. 
 
 ka-iyaii kun s. name of a tree, species 
 of Erythrina, B. stricta. 
 
 ka-tak-fo s. the name of a bird species 
 of barbet, hlo-hd-tdk the golden-throated 
 barbet Cyanops Pranklinii Je. 314, dan 
 kd-tdk the blue throated barbet C.asiatica. 
 acc.W. "ktak" (its call) Megaloema asiatica 
 R. 207. kd-tdk-bon mat s. a shrub. 
 
 ka-t'an-ff s. n. pr. the guardian spirit of 
 females, kd-t'dn-fi rum; cfr. nUn-lyen-no 
 rum s. the guardian spirit of males. 
 
 ka-for-kun s. a mango -tree, kd-for-pot 
 s. a mango, kd-for Mo-sd s. Mangifera 
 silvatica, kd-for dan-sd s. M. indica; the 
 latter is sometimes incorrectly called by 
 the Lepcha's avn-bi a corruption of the 
 Hind, word dm. 
 
 ka-fdr i. q. kun-t'6r-bi q. cfr. a spec, of 
 pumpkin. 
 
 ka-tydm or kUl-t'ydm s. a limping, 1am- 
 ness; kd-t'ydm mat vb. to limp, kd-fydm 
 kd-fydm non vb. to limp, to go halting 
 along. 
 
 ka-t'yeii s. hopping, kd-fyen tyiik vb. to 
 hop; kd-tyefi a-yon-sd tyiik hop skip and 
 jump. 
 
 ka-tyer i. q. kUn-fyer s. chicken-pox; 
 kd-t'yer zdk vb. to suffer fr. chicken-pox. 
 
 ka-t'yer-fo s. a species of woodpecker, 
 red on back of head ace. W. "Aa-fer" 
 Gecinulus grantius, its usual call is "terr 
 terr" see R. 227. 
 
 ka-ty6r-kun i. q. kin-fyor-kun s. a species 
 of Sterculia: St. coccinea, kd-fyor-pot s. 
 
 the fruit of St. c. ; kd-fydr tHk-po string 
 made from the bark of k.; Hooker 2, 7: 
 ''''katior-pot" Hodgsonia. 
 
 ka-dam s. name of a cloth. 
 
 ka-df excl. a word used in calling a 
 puppy, kd-di kd-di id. see di. 
 
 *ka-din T. gfin also kdl-din, kvl-din tiir- 
 din adj. very deep as water, pit, valley, 
 s. a depth, an abyss; tiir-gon kd-di/'i a 
 d. pit; dd kd-din d. lake or water; kyou 
 kd-din a d. stream; mel-ld sd-tet kd-din 
 go or kd-din sd-tet nyi-wiin-d how deep 
 is it. 
 
 ka-den i. q ka-den q. cfr. 
 
 ka-do see kd H. 
 
 ka-dyak or ka-dydk s. the young of small 
 animals when just born having no hair 
 on belly as cat, pig, unfledged as young 
 bird ; mon kd-dydk da-nyi a new-born pig 
 is lying there. 
 
 ka-na s. 1. a spec, of wheat, kd-na ku- 
 cer i. q. kon kd-na, kd-cer spec, of wheat; 
 
 2. expletive to sUn-kdn q. cfr. 
 
 ka-num excl. an expression of anger or 
 dislike; kd-nHm-ho wait, look out, I'll 
 pay you off! etc. 
 
 ka-no-kun s. name of tree, species of 
 Evodia; kd-no lilo-sd s. Evodia fraxiui- 
 folia; kd-no-p6t s. the fruit of which have 
 a spicy flavour and are used with chillies 
 as condiment. 
 
 ka-nom-kun s. name of tree, spec, of 
 Terminalia T. belerica; kd-nom pot or 
 kd-nom bi the T.-nut. 
 
 ka-ndm-bdii see titk-nom-bdn, tuk-nal-bon. 
 
 ka-ndl i. q. sd-nol-bi, kd-nol-bi s. a spec, 
 of nettle, Procris spec. (Urticaceae) does 
 not sting. 
 
 ka-ba s. 1. a kind of cloth formed of 
 single twist; 2. explet. to ki-je kd-ba q. cfr. 
 
 3. attached to any other cloth except 
 ki-je implies that it is formed of single 
 twist as pd-son kd-ba: jsa-sd/i- cloth of 
 single twist. 
 
 ka-bum, kur-biim explet. to kHr-fak q.v. 
 ka-bo see under kd H. 
 ka-bdk (see a-kd, kd hand) applied to 
 any large monkey, sd-hu kd-bok a baboon. 
 
8 ka-fa-li— *ka-run 
 
 ka-fa-li num. forty. 
 
 ka-fal-kun s. name of tree, spec, of Ster- 
 culia, kd-fdl-muk s. a plant, Thespesia 
 lampas. 
 
 ka-fok-jii i. q. sd-fok-ju q. cfr. a spec, of 
 raspberry-plant. 
 
 ka-f6n-fo s. the green jay? 
 ka-fyar s. 1. a plant, Canna coccinea, 
 kd-fydr lyak s. the fruit of Canna c. used 
 as necklace. — 2. Phrynium capitatum 
 kd-fydr nyom s. the leaf (used as plate 
 and for thatching etc.) used also as a 
 vehicle or fulcrum on which is rested a 
 piece of wood as a reel for cotton, hence 
 kd-fydr 3. a reel for spinning cotton on, 
 a spindle. 
 ka-fyet kun s. a tree. 
 ka-muk s. the name of tree from which 
 string is made, kd-miik kun s. spec, of 
 cotton-tree, kd-muk-ki the string of do. 
 ka-mo 1. see under kd 11. 2. incorr. 
 for kiit-mo, tuk-mo q. v. 
 
 ka-myum, kiim-myum kun s. a tree, a 
 spec, of Boehmeria; Mm-myum ki the 
 fibres of the bark of do. used for making 
 string. 
 
 ka-zu s. a spec, of nettle from the fibre 
 of which cotton is spun. 
 ka-zdii see under kd 11. 
 ka-tsak s. cubit; su go yo gdn lyan-niin 
 md-rum md-go-ne yan-ld kd-tsdk ka kd-ti 
 zoh tet nyi for they were not far from 
 land but as it were two hundred cubits 
 J. 21. 8. 
 
 ka-yah-la see kd I. to be. 
 ka-yat s. a beard, num-Sim-nyo-sd kd- 
 ydt man's beard ; sd-ar-sd kd-ydt a goat's 
 beard; kd-ydt hrydn-ho a long b.; kd-ydt 
 ak vb. to pull out b. 
 ka-yu, kd-yum see kd 11. 
 ka-yen, ka-'ayeii s. a string made from 
 the fibrous bark of the kd-yen kun: ap- 
 plied to a spec, of Boehmeria or Maoutia; 
 the best is from Boehmeria nivea: kd- 
 yen ki muk. 
 
 *ka-run T.? meat or drink prepared 
 for special occasions; ambrosia, nectar. 
 riim fat-ba kd-run pii vb. to present 
 
 ka-rup kun— ka-hyal uii 
 
 food to the gods; kilp-zSn-sd kd-run zuk 
 fat-d have you prepared the food for 
 my beloved child. 
 
 ka-rup kun n. pr. of a tree. 
 ka-la-i see sun-gi. 
 ka-ldn nydm s. n. pr. of a bush, 
 ka-li s. 1. a spec, of squirrel, 2. generic 
 term for a squirrel, Sciuridae see sd- 
 hryiik; kd-li sal (sq.) to climb. 
 
 kd-li kim s. flying spec; kd-li tuh-jih 
 a small spec; ka-li tun-dyeh or iMu-dxin or 
 don a very small spec, with white stripes; 
 kd-li bydm s. a large flying squirrel. 
 
 ka-lim-bi s. a spec, of Solanum; ace. 
 Hooker 2, 182 ''kalumbo" Gualtheria? 
 
 ka-lu, kd-lu bik, sd-lyan kd-lu bik s. a 
 swallow. 
 
 ka-lup kiin-tson and kd-lup fya s. name 
 of two spec, of maize. 
 ka-lel see lei. 
 
 ka-ldk, kiin-lok (fr. 16k to lick?) s. a rat 
 Tbr. bon-jdk; see un-liik-nyv, piil-dyan. 
 kd-lok nam the first cycle of year, the 
 rat-year M. HI- 
 
 kd-lok klip 1. a young rat, 2. a mouse. 
 kd-lok kop a rat-trap, kd-lok kop-pvn fop 
 the rat is caught in tr. kd-lok tun-jin s. 
 a mouse, kd-lok pd-no s. a large kind 
 of rat. kd-Uk sd-ot s. the common field- 
 rat, sim kd-lok other spec. 
 ka-lyun s. a spec, of eagle. 
 ka-ham-fo i. q. kur-hdm-fo q. v. 
 ka-hom fo s. spec, of partridge, chikoor, 
 Perdix chakoor; hlo kd-hom-fo black 
 throated hill-partridge, Arboricola tor- 
 queola (Yalenciennes). kd-hom-bot s. 
 rufous throated hill-p. A. rufogularis Je. 
 .3, 578. ace. W. '■'■ko-hum-but' A. torqueola 
 K. 208. kd-hom-fo dop a covey of chikoor. 
 ka-hom-fdt s. very small spec, of leech, 
 ka-hdn i. q. pd-hon see ho/i applied to 
 spec. Rubus, E,. Sikimensis. 
 
 ka-hdr kuii s. name of tree spec. Actino- 
 daphne odoratum; kd-hor-kun a-dum-bo 
 n. pr. of tree, see pd-hydt. 
 ka-hdl see ko-hol. 
 
 ka-hyal un s. the name of a river between 
 Darjeeling and Chong-tong hills. 
 
ka-hyak tun-kru— ka-hlet-fo 
 
 ka-hlen— ka-Syop tuk-pum 
 
 ka-hyak tuh-kru s. n.pr. of a plant Selinum 
 cordatum (?). 
 
 kd-hrdk see under kd III. hand. 
 
 ka-hru s. a plant; kd-hru Ku s. bread 
 made fr. flour of kd-hru. 
 
 ka-hrdt s. a spec, of grain, kd-hrot Uu 
 s. bread made of do. 
 
 ka-hryak-fo (ace. W. "-kar-rhyaK' K. 208) 
 s. Grallophasis melanota, M. the kalij- 
 pheasant Je. 3, 536. kd-hryak tun-klin fo 
 id.; kd-hryak tuii-klin rik s. a spec, of 
 creeper; kd-hryak tun-hrip see tiin-brip. 
 
 ka-hryu-fo s. a bird with white head 
 and neck M. ; ace. Je. 336 '■'■kurrio viyuvi", 
 ace. W. '•'■kar-rio t-yeTrC Surniculus di- 
 cruroides R. 207. 
 
 ka-hryum-fo Q'-karreum-pho''' Je. 2, 38) 
 s. the black gorgeted laughing thrush 
 Garrulax pectoralis, ace. W. hlo kar-rhyiim 
 Garrulus bispecularis R. 210; kar-rha-om 
 Gr. pectoralis R. 211; ace. Je. 2, 41 '■Hho- 
 kan'eum-pho''' Garrulax ocellatus see kur- 
 ham-fo. 
 
 ka-hryo-pum s. the colocynthes. 
 
 ka-hryo-fo (ace. W. kar-rio'R. 211) s. the 
 white crested laughing thrush Garrulax 
 leucolophus, ace. Je. 2, 316 Dendrocetta 
 sinensis; ibd. 2, 307 '■Hho-karrio-pho''' 
 Garrulus bispecularis ibd. 2, 304 Hho 
 kario-fho" Nucifraga hemispila. 
 
 ka-hrydk-fo (ace. W. "kar-rhyor R. 210) 
 Dendrocetta sinensis M.; D. rufa W. hlo 
 kd-hrydk fo D. himalayensis or Cochoa 
 purpurea W. kd-hrydk bon-fo or kd-h. tim- 
 tik s. blackhorned magpie D. frontalis; 
 ace. Je. 2, 33 ^'■karriok-tamveep''' Xipho- 
 ramphus superciliaris. kd-hryok-fo pd-dam 
 a spec, of snail. 
 
 ka-hia s. a panther? M. 
 
 ka-hia, kd-hla bi s. a spec, of pulse. 
 
 ka-hlu rik-bf s. 1. a spec, of vegetable, 
 2. spec, of Ku bi. 
 
 ka-hlet-fo s. name of bird with large 
 beak and red neck, Homrada bicornis? 
 a spec, of buceros; kd-hlet kop zo a spec. 
 of rice, kd-hlet no or bii a spec, of fish. 
 kd-hlet zo kun s. name of tree spec, of 
 Sideroxylon. 
 
 ka-hlen or kun-hlen s. a creeper, k. h. bi 
 s. the leaves of do. used as vegetable. 
 k. h. nydk a certain plant. 
 
 ka-hlyam kun s. a spec, of Sterculia: 
 St. villosa; k. h. pdt s. fruit (edible) of 
 St. v.; k. h. tuk-po s. string made fr. the 
 fibres of the bark of St. v. ; k. h. nydk kun 
 Sterculia colorata; k. h. no s. a spec, fish; 
 k. h. hrdt no s. a spec. fish. 
 
 ka-hlydn rik s. a spec, of vegetable; 
 kd-hlyon-bi s. the leaves of do. boiled 
 as vegetable. 
 
 ka-vyo see kHr-vyo. 
 
 ka-sak 1. a spec, of creeper, kd-sdk bi 
 s. the leaves of the above used as vege- 
 table. 2. or kd-sdk a spec, of yam of 
 inferior quality bon fyak Tbr. k. s. din 
 cultivated y. ; k. s. sok wild y. see ktir-cin ; 
 kd-sdk or kd-sdk c6p-fo see con cdp-fo s. 
 a spec, bulbul, Alcurus striatus or Cri- 
 niger flaveolus. 
 
 ka-sam num. thirty M. 116. 
 
 ka-SU, kd-siim see under kd II. 
 
 ka-so nydm t'am-blyaka. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 ka-sdk see under kd-sdk 2. 
 
 ka-Sii see kd I. to be. 
 
 ka-$um s. flesh Tbr.; kd-siim kat s. 
 vulva Tbr.; kd-mm-jii the raspberry plant 
 Rubus flavus; kd-sum pdt s. the yellow 
 raspberry; kd-siim hdn a. the large red 
 r. Rubus sikimensis see kd-hdn; kd-siim 
 gryap s. the yellow raspberry. 
 
 ka-Sum-kuh s. the almond tree; kd-sum 
 pdt s. the almond. 
 
 ka-Ser s. a hedgehog; kd-ser ju s. the 
 prickles of hedgehog; kd-ser tuk-ndn to 
 roll up ; k. s. fiydt-ndn to open out. 
 
 ka-So kun s. a spec, of oak; kd-so pdt 
 the acorn of do.; kd-so rol s. a spec, of 
 oak; kd-so Idn other spec; kd-so Idn pdt 
 the acorn of do.; kd-so dor s. a spec, of 
 tree-fungus from the oak-tree (edible); 
 kd-so nydm s. a spec, of butterfly; kd-so 
 mm kun s. a spec, of tree, chestnut tree, 
 oak; kd-so mm pdt s. chestnut. 
 
 ka-Syo tuk-pum (?) ace. Je. 138 Ephialtes 
 lempigi, ace. Je. 3. 453 '■'■kuhupho". 
 
 ka-syop tuk-pum (?) ace. Je. 124. kashiop 
 
10 
 
 ka-wu-fo— kan-kf kun 
 
 *Vah—k&n 
 
 tak-pum ace. W. kasM-op tak-pum Syrnium 
 nivicolum E,. 205. 
 
 ka-wu-fo (ace. W. "^w-te" R. 208) s. 
 the green pigeon, Sphenocercus sphenurus. 
 
 T. ku-liu. 
 
 ka-ar-fo or kd-uyar-fo (aec. W. '■'ka-er''' 
 Macropygia tusalia and Chalcophaps in- 
 dica R. 208) the ring-dove M. 
 
 ka-un-kun s. Clerodendron Terticillatum ; 
 kd-un bi s. the leaves of 01. v. eaten as 
 vegetable; kd-vh nyok s. other spec, of 
 CI.; kd-vn a-Mr s. CI. odoratum. 
 
 ka-ur-fo s. the spotted dove, Turtur 
 suratensis Je. 3, 480. 
 
 ka-ol-rik s. a spec, of plant, kd-ol-pot s. 
 the fruit of do. 
 
 ka-'aych see kd-yen. 
 
 ka-'ayer see kd-dr. 
 
 kak vh. to shake i. q. krdm, tu-i kdk; 
 to cough, hlen kdk vb. to have a cough. 
 
 kak contr. fr. kd-ka? kdk-fop whatever 
 comes to hand i. q. a-fop sd-re kdk top 
 fop bu-no whatever you get take it away. 
 
 kak-la s. cardamoms, Amomum. 
 
 kan s. the mark ' (L. alphabet) placed 
 in nyin-dd cfr. M. Gr. 10. 
 
 kan s. the diacritical mark final ' with 
 the ran cfr. M. Gr. 10. 
 
 k&n vb. 1. to put out of place, also to 
 do so with violence, to eject, to squirt 
 out; kdn-nyon vb. id. jit kdn-nydn to 
 squirt out urine; md-ro kdn-nyon to dis- 
 miss from service also for one to leave 
 one' s. from disgust. — kan tydl, a-dyan 
 kan tydl to trip up. — 2. kan kan stagger- 
 ing from weakness, md-ro kdn-kdn a person 
 st. thro' w. 3. to give a long note as in 
 calling or song or music. 
 
 kaii id. q. kon; dum-pu kan tsdk vb. to 
 place post of house crooked, kun-kdn-ho 
 or kun-kon-bo adj. crooked, bent, kdn-nd 
 kdn-nd or kdn-ld bent as old man; zo 
 kdn-la ndn rice to be bent down as when 
 overripe or by wind. 
 
 kan-kf kan-ky6k see ki-kyok, winding, 
 circumlocation : rin kdn-ki kdn-kyok. 
 
 kan-kf kuii s. the padma-tree Prunus 
 puddum (seven specc), kdn-ki pdt s. the 
 
 fruit of P. p., a cherry; kdn-ki bdn n. pr. 
 of a village W. 
 
 *kan T. gans s. snow; *kdn-cm jon-nd 
 T. gans-can Ijons-lna n. pr. of the Kun- 
 chinjinga mountain see kon-lo cu. 
 
 *kan T. rkafi-pa s. foot. 
 
 *kan T. gan- *kdn-z6k T. gan-zag s. a 
 tobacco pipe, k.-z. tan vb. to smoke p. 
 
 kan-jok s. the end of a ridge, where 
 streams running on both sides meet to- 
 gether. 
 
 kaii-^en adj. uneven as leg^ one longer 
 than the other. 
 
 kan pa-map s. the pigmy owlet. 
 
 kan pa-ha s. a spec, of night-jar said 
 to have one leg only. 
 
 *kan-lin s. T. rkan-glin a trumpet made 
 from a human thigh-bone, used by the 
 lama's. Hook. 1. 173. 
 
 kan-16 kan-tse see under kan. 
 
 kah-so s. offering made to rvm. 
 
 kat s. (L. alphab.) the seventh final 
 mark thus giving the power of t. 
 
 *kat T. god 1. loss, damage, injury. 
 2. misfortune, calamity, kdt zdk vb. 
 to sustain loss, a-nam kdt nyak-kd'pld 
 mi dop, fam-cdn fat, tiik-mo, a-kHp-lyenr 
 bydtrtixn to have this year these mis- 
 fortunes: property to be burnt, to loss 
 cattle, to be robbed, to have unmarried 
 daughter become pregnant. — 3. inter- 
 ruption, hindrance, i. q. pvr-cdt: ob- 
 stacle, delay, kdt mat vb. to injure or to 
 hinder, to interrupt; so-nun kdt mat fat 
 to be delayed by rain; go li-wUn-sd kd- 
 sum Tnd kdt-tiin when I am speaking do 
 not interrupt me. 
 
 kit, kdt kdt dangling against each-other, 
 knocking against each-other; sd-lu sd-li 
 kdt kdt ba ndn to go along with quiver 
 and bow knocking against each-other. — 
 kdt-td kat-td sharp, harshly violent i. q. 
 hdt-td hdt-td. 
 
 kdt see kd V. 
 
 kdn (infantile 1.) vb. to dress, kdn byi 
 vb. id. redupl. kun- kdn said to sooth 
 child when dressing, kun-kdn byi let 
 (your mother) dress your baby. 
 
"■kdn— ka 
 
 ka— ka (ka-m) 
 
 11 
 
 *kcin T. dkon vb. to be rare, uncommon. 
 kun-kdn s. a little scarcity. 
 
 V&n nydn s. a Bhutiya fr. NE. of Sikhim. 
 
 kan see han. 
 
 kap (see kap) vb. to be hurried, flurried, 
 flustered; kdp-pd kdp-pci flurried, shaking 
 as garment when running. 
 
 kam, a-kam; bon-kdm s. the upper jaw 
 see a-krik. 
 
 kdm or kal vb. to add to, to increase, 
 to augment, to extend (size), to amplify, 
 to reinforce (as troops), to supplement (as 
 work), to superadd so as to strengthen 
 falling bank or to level deficient ground; 
 kom kdm byi vb. to give money in addition; 
 Id-vo kdm non the month to be lengthened 
 (as 31 days); kdm- Id adv. additively, 
 supplementarily. 
 
 Der. kdm, a-kdm s. a block of wood 
 or stone used as a seat etc., ace. W. an 
 overhanging rock W. 64. td-kdm or td- 
 kdl, tuk-kdm or tiik-kdl, tun-kdm or tan- 
 kdl s. a block of stone or wood for sitting 
 on, a seat, a table nan td-kdm. 
 
 kam i. q. kam V. q. v. 
 
 kar see under kar. 
 
 kar kun s. a spec, of betel, Areca 
 gracilis. 
 
 *kar-'ayd f.dkar-gyogs s. plating, tinned 
 over as copper, used by L.'s improperly 
 for gilding; kdr-ayo ton vb. to plate, to 
 gild, sdn-ka kdm kdr-ayo ton vb. to plate 
 copper; also kar-yo, for T. dkar-gyal 
 1. plating, 2. solder; kar-yo kyop vb. 
 1. to plate, to tin, 2. to solder; kar-yo 
 sit vb. to plate with white metal. 
 
 kal; kdl-ld kdl-ld adv. higgledy pigg- 
 ledy, confusedly, upside down, turning 
 and twining. 
 
 sd-kdl sd-kdl waddling, sd-kdl sd-kdl 
 Lorn to waddle like the duck. 
 
 kdl vb. to make a defense or support 
 as against heat of fire. 
 
 kcil see kdm. 
 
 kal see luk-kdl. 
 
 kal-dih incorr. for kid-din see kd-din. 
 
 -ka postp. M. 79. 1. denoting local 
 relations in answer to the question where 
 
 and whither: in, to, on, upon, over. 
 U-ka in the house. — dor-je-lin-nun pdt- 
 ka from Darjeeling to Tibet [T. hod-la']. 
 — Un-te-ka fo place it on the table. ■ — 
 a-kup-ka dum, ran to spread the cloth 
 over the child M. 80. — in the midst 
 of, among, hu a-zom a-fdn a-gyap-ka 
 bam he lives in (or in the midst of) 
 plenty M. 80. — mim-sim-nyo-ka a-flik 
 some among human beings. — non-ka id. 
 2. with reference of time: on, at, dur- 
 ing, o-re sd-dyak-ka on that day. — 
 o-re to-tddi-ka at this time. — 3. denotes 
 comparison c. non M. 32; a-yu non-ka to 
 ti gum who among you is great i. e. the 
 greatest? — 4. concerning, relating, 
 regarding, with regard to; ko-lu-ka ac- 
 cording to orders; for: kd-su bo-ka for 
 my husband. — co nap-sdn-ha &o-myan 
 ryu the rainy season is a good time for 
 study. — 5. sign of the object, c, dat. 
 or ace. for, to, on, upon M. 23. pa -no 
 kiip-ka sot-tiin su ryu te what is the use of 
 killing the kings son P. — distributively : 
 kd-ka ka vb. to portion out shares. — 
 6. -ka followed by nyi to have. 7. in 
 room of, in place of, instead of: zo-ka 
 ka to give in the room of rice. 8. -ka is 
 added to the inf., partic. and root of a vb. 
 
 a) in sense of inf. fam-cdn md-ryu-nd 
 ndk-ka fd-tim-fo gat-pa in order to ob- 
 serve the noxious animals (i. e. the ma- 
 kara's) a fd-tim-hvcA is required P. — 
 
 b) in case of, in the event of; a-do 
 md-go-nun-ka in the event of your not 
 liking. 
 
 ka hortat. of kd q. v. ; kd-yu nan-ka 
 let us sit. 
 
 ka (ka-m) vb. t. (in a few phrases con- 
 fused with T. skaU). 1. to place upon, 
 to lay on, ka-liin bu id.; (a-')pldn(-ka) ka; 
 on pldn bii ka lade the horse. — met. to 
 place, to deposit mind; 2. to suspend, 
 to hang up, tiik-po-nim ka vb. to hang 
 up with string; 3. to rest on (as stick) 
 pd-fun ka; 4. to add to, to supplement 
 sd-dyak kat ka vb. to add a day; — 5. to 
 assign, to portion out, to share, to allot; 
 
12 
 
 '•ka 
 
 ka — ka zuk 
 
 to raise up as to the throne pd-no hri-ka 
 ka; 6. to embrace, ka Ml vb. to hug, 
 a-mo a-kup-ka ka Ml the mother hugs 
 the child; a-tyak cin-lop ka vb. to bless 
 by laying hands on head; a-lut-ka ka to 
 deposit in heart; — 7. to ascribe, to charge, 
 to accuse, tuk-mo ka vb. to accuse one 
 of theft; — 8. to impose as fine cet-bo ka. 
 
 s. a-ka ad 2. throng which goes over 
 forehead or round body, belt of ban; 
 a-tyak ka s. a belt for supporting fr. the 
 head the load on back; a ring as of 
 chain, ad 3. a support as to-ka s. a sup- 
 port for load, on-ka s. a horseshoe, on- 
 ka fop-bo s. a farrier, a horseshoer. — 
 ad 5. a portion, a share; part J. — kd-ka 
 s. a share, a portion, division, quota, kd- 
 ka rit vb. to divide into shares. — kam 
 in comp. a pillow see tyak. 
 
 *ka (in comp.) or kd T. bkd s. hon. 
 the words of a king or great man, com- 
 mand, order; *k6 non T. bkd gnan the 
 order is given. — *ka-gyur or k6-gyur 
 T. bkd-gyur; *k6-gyur non vb. to pro- 
 claim or promulgate the order. — *ka-cet 
 T. bkd-cad s. the punishment of god or 
 king; pestilence Ex. ka-cet zdk vb. to 
 fall under wrath or rather suffer p. — 
 *kd-td T. bkd-rtags s. a sign of order, a 
 signet, a signal, a guarantee. — *kd-bum 
 T. bkd-bum s. name of a T. book. — 
 *k6-yuk s. a written order, a warrant, a 
 diploma. — *ka-rin T. bkd-drin s. grace, 
 favour, mediation, advocacy; ka-rin mat 
 s. 1. to be kind, to show grace, 2. to 
 intercede, to make intercourse; pd-no-sd 
 ka-rin the grace of king, see also gun- 
 ka-ldn T. bkd-blon s. an officer 
 
 ran 
 
 of king, a king's minister. *ka-ldn poii 
 ace. W. ka-lon-pon, Anglice '■'kalimpong" 
 n. pr. of a L. village W. 72 Qpon: a 
 stockade); ace. M. ka-lun pun T. bkd-lun 
 spun id. from: *ka-lun T. bkd-lun s. order, 
 commandment. — */<;«- few T. bkd-len s. 
 hon. an answer of great man, a reply. — 
 ka-Un grdm-lim anticipating, being before 
 hand with ka-len han-lim mat vb. to 
 anticipate, to perform before hand. — 
 
 *ka-lok T. bkd-lok s. disobedience, mutiny, 
 rebellion, ka-lok mat vb. to disobey, to 
 rebel, to revolt. — kd-l6m or kd-lu agree- 
 ably to, according to orders; k6-l6m-{k6- 
 lu)-ka mat vb. to act according to orders. 
 — *ka-tmk T. bkd-tsag s. a given order, 
 a bond, an article or condition of treaty; 
 ka-tsuk ne vb. to keep do. — *ka-sok or 
 kd-sok s. T. bkd-sag s. the L.'s pronounce 
 it as if written Jta-sok a written order 
 of king, a diploma, a patent. 
 
 ka- abbrev. of kat see ka-cam, ka-cot, 
 ka-tson. 
 
 ka-ku-fo s. the European cuckoo, Cuculus 
 canorus, ace. W. "kuk-ku"^ R. 207. "ku- 
 ku pho" Je. 1. 322. 
 
 *ka-R5 T. ka-ka the alphabet M. 1. 
 
 ka-ca s. a sickle, a reaping hook. 
 
 ka-cii s. a spec, yam s. under buk. 
 
 ka-cam adv. in three days, a period of 
 three days hence. 
 
 ka-cu s. buttermilk after butter has 
 been extracted. 
 
 ka-c6t adv. in four days, a period of 
 four days hence. 
 
 ka-jak see ka-tan. 
 
 ka-je i. q. ki-je q. v. 
 
 ka-nyam i. q. td-klun Tbr. 
 
 ka-nyf, ka-nyim see under kd II. 
 
 ka-tan or k. t. ka-cet or k. t. ka-jak adv. 
 absolutely, completely, entirely, k. t. or 
 k. t. k. c. or k. t. k. j. md-l6t-ne i. q. fdk- 
 kd md-lyot ne. 
 
 ka-tuk see kd-tiik. 
 
 ka-tur s. an altar can-je torn lyan M. 
 
 ka-den or ka-den M-je s. a spec, of 
 cloth of single twist; ka-den fam-blydk 
 s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 ka, ka-do see under kd II. 
 
 *ka-bur T. ga-pur s. camphor. 
 
 ka-mi (Hind, kamar) s. a blacksmith. 
 
 ka-mum see kam under kd II. 
 
 ka-mok du s. pestilence Ex. 9. 3. 
 
 ka-tsdn see ka 11. we friends or relations. 
 
 ka-tsdii s. day after to-morrow. 
 
 ka zuk 1. vb. to excel, to be superior, 
 to be preeminent; 2. s. excellency, su- 
 periority. 
 
"ka-ya— *kan 
 
 kat 
 
 13 
 
 *ka-ya, *ka-yu, *ka-yol T. dkar-yol s. a 
 cup, a bowl, ka-yd Up s. a saucer. 
 
 ka-rin T. bka-drin s. faTor Ex. see 
 gun-ran. 
 
 ka-hrin 1. adj. difficult, 2. s. difficulty, 
 hardship. 
 
 *ka-Si corrupt, fr. T. gser"? ka-U Ian 
 s. a touchstone. 
 
 *ka-rd T. ka-ra s. sugar. 
 
 ka-la-si-di Skt. kdlasiddhi n. pr. name 
 of one of Ta-se's wives fr. India; in P. 
 manuscripts also ka-la-su-di (sic). 
 
 *ka-wo T. ka-ba s. post of house, a 
 pillar, a column; ka-wo diim-po the centre- 
 post of h.; * ka-wo sap s. the pedestal of 
 pillar; ka-wo sur-ji-ho a square-angled p.; 
 ka-wo a-blam a cylindrical p. 
 
 *ka-wo T. gau s. (the spelling ko-ro 
 apud Schlagintweit, Buddhism in T. is in- 
 corr.) 1. a large amulet, worn round neck 
 and sometimes by great men on cap, a 
 locket containing a picture of Ta-se or 
 other charm, an amulet; *ka-wo td-mo 
 sure amulet, a name once born by Ta-se. 
 2. a spec, of snail. 
 
 kak Tb. t. to sift, to winnow td-i kak. 
 
 kak rb. 1. to be costive, to be bound 
 (bowels); 2. to be overcooked; kd-kak-ld 
 adv. dry, overcooked as food; man kd- 
 kak-ld mydn the meat is overcooked. 
 
 kak onom. s. the sound of blow; kak- 
 Id buk vb. to give a sounding blow. 
 
 kah vb. to separate from others, kan to 
 vb. to place separate; alone, to become 
 single, to be disunited, to be disserved, 
 to become disconnected (as pairs, friends) ; 
 to be odd. 
 
 redupl. 1. kmi-kan-ld putting out (at 
 right angles) as branch from tree stick- 
 ing outwards, protending, a-nyor kun- 
 kan-ld nydn to pay attention, to prick 
 ears forward to hear. 2. a-kan adj. 
 single, alone, solitary, an odd one; 
 hlom a-kan an odd shoe. 
 
 cans, kydn or kyen to disunite, to separate. 
 
 *kan or kdii T. rkan s. the foot; *kan-ji 
 T. rkan-bzi fourfooted, a quadruped; *kan- 
 nyi T. rkaa-gnyis s. a biped, a man; 
 
 *kan-te T. rkan-stegs s. a footstool; *kan- 
 yon or *k6n-ydn T. rkan-yan (light-footed) 
 s. independence, freedom, adj. uncontroll- 
 ed, unconstrained, kdn-yon bam-bo s. an 
 independent person; kdn-yon mat bam or 
 kdn-yon nyi to be independent, to have 
 nothing to do, to live at ease. *kdn-rik 
 see under kon T. gan? *k6n-r6 rik T. 
 rkan-dra sgrig simultaneously, regularly, 
 uniformly, vb. to be regular, vik-sdn 
 kon-rd rik-lun 16k for soldiers to do their 
 exercises simultaneously; vik koti-ro rik- 
 lun Urn for them to march s. see kon-rik. 
 mlo kon-ro rik-lun to vb. to arrange things 
 regularly. — *kan-lin or kon-lin T. rkan- 
 glin a trumpet made of the femural bone 
 of man. — *kan-l6 or kdn-l6 T. rkan-gla 
 s. pay to a messenger, kon-lo koh-tse or 
 kdn-lo kdn-tse vb. T. rkan-gla rkan-btse 
 to pay a present to messenger. — *kan- 
 sum, T. rkan-gsum s. a small table, a 
 tripod. — *k6n-sdn or *k6n-86 T. rkan-za 
 za-ba (lameness) lame, halting, kon-so 
 nun-ndn he has become lame, koh-so 
 nyim-bo adj. a lame person. 
 
 num-kan-mo perhaps from kaii "foot" 
 s. a barking deer Tbr. 
 
 kat (contr. fr. kd-ta q. v.) num. one 
 T. gcig. the indef. article a, an T. cig^ 
 zig; lyah o-ba-sd mun-sd pd-no kat nyi- 
 yam-o there in this land reigned a demon- 
 like king P. 57. also used to express 
 "a person", "one such one" as kat-sd 
 a-bryan the name of such a one, used 
 also in thread as go a-dom kat mat so 
 I'll do for you, I'll give it you; a-yum 
 kat mat md-nun-nd gdh if I do not give 
 it, if I just don't pay you out. 
 
 kat-ka adv. partly, in part; kat-sd: 
 kat-sd nam-ka once upon a time, in the 
 space of time. 
 
 kat kat 1. one — another, un hu-niin rum 
 hd-sd kd-nyi byek-ka mik mat ndk-so su 
 go yo gdh kd-nyi kat kat-sd brydt dydt 
 the Lord watch between me and thee, 
 when we are absent one from another 
 Gen. 31. 49. hu-nun rin kat li dyok kat 
 mat he said one thing, but did another; 
 
14 
 
 kat 
 
 kat— kam 
 
 kat-nun kat-ka eachother; kat{-nun) kat 
 (-ka) li one said to the other; hu-nun 
 Tin kat li yah ayok kat mat he said one 
 thing but did another. — kat rin-re kat- 
 ka nyon li to tell one person what you 
 have to say to another to mix two stories; 
 kat-tun kat md-tuk-nd one not to be in 
 time for the other (as in fulfilling en- 
 gagement). - — 2. a few, md-ro kat kat a 
 very few men. kat nydt one or two, a 
 few. kat fi nydt fi one or two came at 
 a time by degrees. 
 
 kat-bo first; kat-bo-re the first; kaf-sd, 
 kat-bo-ka, kat-bo-sd firstly. 
 
 kat-td-dydn adv. the year before last; 
 
 — kat-t'yin 1. at once, all at once, 
 suddenly, 2. one time, once on the 
 occasion; — kat-fyin md-(op-nd go-run 
 kat-fyin fop-so I shall get it at one time 
 or another; kat-fyin kat-fyin sometimes, 
 kat-fyin kat lat kat-fyin kat lat sometimes 
 one comes sometimes another, kat-dyom 
 once upon a time; kat-dy6m-ka 1. in part, 
 partly, 2. once upon a time ; — kat-fi adv. 
 somewhere, in some direction; — kat-ba 
 or kat-bi (more def. or near than k.-ba) 
 somewhere, kat-ba- (or hi) Id md-nyin- 
 ne no where; kat-ba (or bi) md-nyin-nd 
 gdh kat-ba nyi it is somewhere or an- 
 other. — kat-bon on one side, kat bon 
 kat-b6n on one side on the other s. ; kat- 
 bon kon-niin on one side : kat-lqn-kon nun. 
 
 — kat-mat one thing, hat-mat hat-mat 
 here and there, a-ldh kat-mat li a-nye 
 kat-mat li now he speaks one thing and 
 then another. — kat-mu the one, kat-mii 
 kat-mu the one the other. — kat-tsoh-ka 
 the day after the morrow; kat-cdm three 
 days hence; kat-cot four days hence M. 71 
 (see also ka-). — kat-zdn only one. — 
 kaf-ld one, but one, kat-ld md-nyi-ne there 
 IS not even one. — kat-lon one-sided, on 
 one side, kat-lon lydk to turn from side 
 to side, kat-lon klo-ld da to lie always 
 on one side. — kat-lon kon one side; kat- 
 lon hm-nim lih or kat-lon-ka lih to lean 
 to one side, to have a bias, to bft partial, 
 kat-lon kat-hn md-lih-ne to be impartial, 
 
 to be unbiased. — kat siim-vydt the year 
 after next. 
 
 kat see knn. redupl. kUt-td kat-td hot- 
 tempered, impatient, sak kut-td kat-td 
 lydk vb. to be very passionate. 
 
 *kat-non possibly fr. T. dkd-snon (in- 
 creasing difficulty), kat-non-niin with 
 great difficulty, hardly; kat-non-niin md- 
 non-ne to be scarcely able to proceed; 
 with possible contingency or eventuality 
 gen. used with neg. go a-re ayok kat- 
 non-niin (or Tnim) zuk (or zuk md-KHn-ne) 
 I can hardly or it is bai-ly possible for 
 me to do this work. 
 
 kan vb. to be agitated; to ascend, to rise, 
 to be elevated, attached to mi: mi-kan vb. 
 to smoke, mi kan kan smoke to rise; — 
 kan han also kan kan clouds, puffs as of 
 smoke: k. k. di vb. to come in puffs, kan- 
 bo smoke Tbr. — to be in a hurry, to be 
 flurried, to suffer mental emotion, a-yu 
 lat md-kan-niin let not your heart be 
 troubled; a-ldh kd-sii sok kan now is my 
 soul troubled J. 12.27; kan-niih-sd sak- 
 cin au agitated mind; — kan tHh-foh to 
 be flurried, to be troubled agitated; kan 
 fdh fdh non-ne to hurry away. 
 
 a-kan adj. hurried, a-kan ayok a h. 
 business. — kan-ld adv. excitedly, ner- 
 vously. — kan-ts'at i. q. gat-fsat necessity, 
 difficulty, kan-tsat-tuh-sd ayok i. q. gat- 
 tmt-tuh-sd ayok urgent business. 
 
 "kan-tu na-yurti" ace. W. Geocichla 
 citrina R. 218. 
 
 kap vb. (see also kdp) to cover over, 
 to envelop, to wrap round as garment, 
 a-filh kap to cover over corpse; to thatch 
 (house); Up kap to cover with leaves; 
 to silence by talk rih kap. — kap-fim s. 
 the placenta when first presented with 
 child during labour. — kap byi vb. to 
 cover over g. 
 
 a-kap s. 1. a garment thrown over the 
 body like a shawl or wrapped round the 
 body (as in sleep), a wrapper; 2. the skin. 
 
 kam I. an obsolete f. see ka we under 
 
 kd n. 
 
 kam II. see fyak and ka. 
 
kam— kar 
 
 ''kar— *kar-co 
 
 15 
 
 kam III. vb. to sift, td-i kam bam (he) 
 is sifting flour see kram, kak. 
 
 kam IV. kam-md kam-md unpassireness, 
 unsensitiveness i. q. md de m,d yen-nd 
 kam-md kairn-md non to go along, regard- 
 less of anyone or anything; kam-md kam- 
 md hr&n to rise up with fixed look as 
 silly person. 
 
 kam V. adv. (fr. ka a djeal, a little d.?) 
 1. a little, a small quantity; — kam bo give 
 (me) a little; — kaTn kup a very little; — 
 kam zon only a little ; — ■ kam md — ne not 
 quite; kam md-mydn-ne not quite ripe; 
 kam, m,d-ryu-ne not very good; kam md- 
 nyin-ne not at all; kam,-nun gdn almost 
 litly. "if a little more"; kam- nun gdn 
 Mm go tsam I almost caught him; — 
 kam sd-gdn-ka or kam a-byek-ka within 
 a short or little interval or space of 
 time; — kam-tyin seldom M. 70; — kam- 
 •pat-ka in a short time, for a short t., 
 shortly; — kam^at-ren a short time since, 
 lately; — 2. also a great deal, a large 
 quantity, hu kdm kam nyi he has bulk 
 of money. 
 
 kdm, abbrev. fr. kam. kdm- fat tydt 
 little time yet. a-kup-sdn-na ik kdm-pat 
 tydt go a-yu dyep-ka bam-so little child- 
 ren yet a little while I am with you. 
 J. 18. 33. 
 
 *kam-[)0 T. skam-po adj. dry, zo kam-po 
 dry rice without any condiment. 
 
 kar vb. n. to twist, to curl as hair, as 
 tail, as leaf. 
 
 kd-kar-ld adv. I. twisted, curled, 2. 
 hurredly, hastily, suddenly, untimely, 
 3. nervously, excited, intemperate, im- 
 passionately. a-ts6m kd-kar-ld curled hair; 
 kd-kar-ld mak vb. to die suddenly; kd- 
 kar-ld U vb. to speak in an excited, in- 
 temperate manner; kd-kar-ld non to go 
 suddenly; kd-kar-ld klon to send off in a 
 hasty manner; — sd-kar-ld adv. suddenly, 
 hence startled, sd-kar-ld mak vb. to die 
 suddenly, sd-kar-ld nun li to be startled. 
 kar kar or kar-rd kar-rd 1. twisting, twin- 
 ing, curling, writhing, spiral, kar-rd kar-rd 
 dak vb. to have spasmodic pains ; kar-rd^ 
 
 kar-rd tydm vb. to writhe, to gyrate (as 
 snake), to kick convulsively as fowl when 
 dying; kar-rd kar-rd mat vb. to twist, to 
 curl. 2. kar-rd or kar-rd kar-rd hot- 
 tempered, sak kar-rd lydk vb. to be hot- 
 tempered. 
 
 kiir-kar-rd or kur-rd kar-rd 1. wriggl- 
 ing, writhing; 2. in passion, irascibly, 
 extravagantly, kiir-kar-rd tyam, vb. to 
 writhe, to wriggle; kur-kar-rd mat vb. 
 to show passion, to be excited. 
 
 kydr (also kyer) vb. cans, of kar vb. 
 
 1. to twist up, to turn up as mustache; 
 
 2. to set (sun), tsiik kydr non the sun 
 has set, tsuk-kydr kon west; 3. in pass, 
 sense: to be crooked as horn, tooth, 
 claw; to be twisted, curled; — har-rd 
 kydr-rd adv. winding as road, meander- 
 ing as river, rotatory, sinuous, kydr- 
 kydr-rd adv. nervously, forcibly; kydr- 
 kydr-rd cet-tim mat vb. to endeavour 
 with all one's might. — kyar-rd kyer-rd 
 zigzag; — kd-kydr-bo adj. kd-kydr-ld adv. 
 wry, obligue, uneven; bent double, worn 
 out, shrivelled up, parched up, small and 
 miserable-looking i. q. mak det-bo: zo md- 
 t'op-nd mat kd-kydr-bo nun-non thro' want 
 of food I am famished; so-zdn-nun kd- 
 kydr-ld nun or ap-bam to be pinched or 
 perished fr. cold; ban kd-kydr-ld nun 
 the knife is worn out; kd-ju kd-kydr-ld 
 a thin pinched up dog; on kd-kydr-bo (or 
 kd-kdr-bo) a miserable wretched-looking 
 boy; kd-kydr-ld a-jdn-nd-bo a miserable 
 wretch. — a-kdr adj. twisted, curled. 
 
 *kar T. akar s. in *kar-tm T. skar-rtsis 
 s. astronomy, astrology, k. ts. kyop to 
 make an astronomical calculation, k. ts. 
 kydp-sum-bo 1. a horoscop, 2. a calendar; 
 k. ts. nak-tsiim s. astrology, divination; 
 k. ts. nak-teum tsu vb. to divine, to cast 
 nativities; k. ts. nak-tsiim-tsu-bo or kar-tsu 
 ydm-bo or k. ts. myon-bo s. an astronomer. 
 
 *kar T. dkar in: 
 
 *kaP-gy6n T. dkar-gyoh s. a sausage, lit. 
 a whits s. i.opp. to nak-gyon T. snag-gyon. 
 
 *kar-bo T. dkdr-pyogs s. the white or 
 light side, see co. 
 
16 
 
 kar-j6— kf 
 
 kar-j6 s. a sort of curved knife, a 
 reaping hook. 
 
 *kar-vo T. mgar-ha s. a smith; jer- 
 (kom-, fun-jen-) kar-vo a gold- (silver-, 
 hlack-) smith; applied to all specc. of 
 woodpeckers k.-vo fo. 
 
 *kar-y6 T. dkar-gyal see kdr-ayo. 
 kal 1. vb. to be crooked, 2. s. the 
 hammer of gmi; — kd-kal-ld adv. turn- 
 ed, crooked, curved, kal-ld kal-ld adv. 
 crooked, lame; kalrld kal-ld 16m vb. to 
 lump. 
 
 kal vb. to take refreshment; to make 
 a light repast, to lunch, a-z6m kal vb. 
 to take luncheon. 
 
 a-kal s. refreshment, luncheon, a slight 
 repast during day. 
 
 kf s. cotton, genus Grossypium see kum- 
 fot. ki nok vb. to separate seed from c. 
 ki je vb. to twist cotton, s. twisted cotton; 
 ki-je Mm superior cloth; — ki tydm vb. 
 to wind c. into ball, s. a ball of c. ; — 
 kt fyer vb. to twist cotton or fixing them 
 together, preparatory to twisting them to- 
 gether; — ki bri vb. to twist c, U hrim 
 c.-thread; — ki ril vb. to roll c, s. a roll 
 of c; — ki vu or vdr to wind, to twist c. 
 round hand; — ki sop vb. to spin cotton; 
 
 — ki ay ok vb. to make cotton fine with 
 bow (tun-dyok q. v.) to card c; — ki 
 kyiim strong double twisted thread; — 
 ki pan thick twisted c. ; — ki fom bad c. ; 
 
 — ki hyol c. which has its seed, uncarded 
 c. ; — ki brydp short bad c. ; — ki mydm 
 c. not yet twisted (?). 
 
 Comp. U kd-fydr s. a spinning reel; 
 
 — ki kydr-k6 s. a machine for cleansing 
 c. of seed, a carding wheel; — ki-cvk s. 
 c.-seed; — ki-fdk s. a loom; — ki-den the 
 warp of cloth ; — ki-pot the capsula of c, 
 c.-pod; — ki bydp carded c, which is 
 separated fr. seed; — ki-mik the thread 
 placed for the warp or woof, ki mik fi: 
 tick-tok ki mik-ka fi to behead Tbr.; — 
 ki tsiin fine-twisted, well-drawn c; — ki 
 ydp quitted c, c. wool; — ki lak-do s. a 
 bunch of spun c. ; — ki lun-jon the fringe 
 or unwoven part of the cloth cut off. 
 
 ki-fo— kfii 
 
 when cloth is woven; — ki-Ut i. q. k-i- 
 cuk; — ki wo-mo s. a spindle. 
 
 ki-fo (?, ace. Je. 292 kih-fho) s. Ge- 
 cinulus grantia. 
 
 kf, kf-m, a-kf explet. to fo, a-fo. ki 
 fdm masticated. 
 
 kf vb. to prosecute, to sue for, to claim, 
 to contend for, to dispute for, to engage 
 with, to struggle, to gasp for. nyot ki 
 to claim and dispute for a field; lyan ki 
 to cl. a. d. for ground; hik ki sd-ar ki 
 to contend for fowls and goats; hik zo 
 ki hrvf (or hnp-lim ki) for fowls to 
 contend for grain; — a-sdm, ki vb. to 
 gasp for breath; ki da id., a-s&m ki-da id. 
 kim-bo s. a suitor, a claimant, liti- 
 gation, dispute, altercation; kim-bo mat 
 vb. to dispute, litigate. 
 
 ki in composition: ki-kd s. strength, 
 power, capability, ki-kd md-nyin-num-bo 
 powerless. — ki-dick great distress, misery, 
 pain; e bu-niin top-Mn ki-dHk zdk-bam- 
 sdn-nd kd-sii dun-ka di-wd-o come unto 
 me, all ye that labour and are heavy 
 laden Chr. 
 
 kit vb. 1. to snatch, to seize or take 
 away by force, to divest of, kit bu-non 
 to carry away by f., to depredate P.; 
 kit lyo to take away; to-niin Id a-re rem 
 kd-sH lyan-nun kit md-lyo-ne yan-ld go 
 kd-do bot-tun a-re rem fo no man taketh 
 it from me, but I lay it down of myself 
 J. 10. 18. 
 
 *ki T. skye (-bd) vb. to be born. *ki- 
 wo to have remembrance when reborn 
 (hrun) of actions in former life, hrun- 
 lun ki-wo to be reborn and to retain 
 remembrance of actions in former life. 
 kf-kyok (redupl.?) winding as road. 
 ki pyon-zo s. a spec, of rice. 
 kf-lim s. an excrementious fluid ejected 
 from the body of a spec, of ant, ki-lim 
 tuk-fyil s. that spec, of ant; ki-lim ki-nok 
 variegated as cloth. 
 
 kfn s. the cry of dog (as when beaten) 
 yelping, shrill (as voice), kin-Id lik vb. 
 to cry out as dog when beaten, to yelp, 
 nyiim kin a shrill voice. 
 
kin— kir 
 
 'kfl— kun 
 
 17 
 
 kin, a-kin, nuk-nu a-kin s. posterity. 
 
 kin, a-kin s. the forehead; kin jom 
 mm vb. to knit the brows, to frown, 
 back of a knife; border of country, 
 tree, hill, banks of river; corner of house 
 li-kin; hem of garment; margin of book 
 co-kin; corner of nail; a neat, fine 
 thing. 
 
 Comp. kin-tsum (Skt. laldte Ukhitani) 
 "lines of forehead" s.fate, destiny, fortune; 
 k.ts. Mdk-ka lyan fate bears the blame; k.ts. 
 ndk-ee mat vb. to foretell one's destiny; 
 k.ts.-nun to to be destined, to be fated; 
 kd-su kin-tsuTn-nun to ydn go a-ba mak 
 fate has decided that I die here P. a-do 
 Id-yo kin-tsum-ka bam to attribute your 
 sins to fate. — good fortune, prosperity 
 kd-su k. ts. fop-md-o shall share my 
 wealth; — elect of God in P. to kd-su 
 kin-tsum-ld o-re-ka c6 md-o whosoeyer 
 are of my (Ta-se's elect are with me) 
 P.; — kin-tsum ryum good fortune, k. ts. 
 iyum-bo fortunate; k. ts. a-jdn s. mis- 
 fortune; k. ts. jdn-bo unfortunate; — kin- 
 tsum riim the god of fortune P. — kin-zda 
 Tbr. litly. the marks on the forehead, 
 the Hindu tribe i. q. lum; sat-non, pur-du 
 sit-bo. kin-zdn-bo an Indian M. 132. 
 
 kih-gldt adj. partially bald. 
 
 kft see under M. 
 
 kit explet. of man meat. 
 
 kfn-t'uk see fuk (and te?). 
 
 kin; kin kin ddk vb. to have griping 
 pains (in stomach); td-bdk-ka kin kin ddk 
 to have spasmodic pains in stomach, kin- 
 bu s. a small insect destructive to clothes. 
 
 kfp, a-kfp s. a slight narrow shoot, a 
 slender sprout, a picker; kun-tson kip 
 young head of Indian corn; un-kip a 
 narrow branch of stream; dUm kip hrap 
 vb. to sew a rent in cloth issuing from 
 seam or other previous sewing, pd-kip 
 or pHr-kip id. 
 
 kfm s. a spec, of small dark-brown 
 flying squirrel Sciupteros albourgus. 
 
 kir vb. to pick out, to scrape out with 
 forefinger; kir-hm dot vb. to pick out, 
 to extricate with finger. 
 
 *kfl T.'Mril-ba vb. to cling to, to hug, 
 to clasp, to wind round, a-mo tHk-tok-ka 
 a-kiip kil-bam the child clings to its' 
 mother's neck; kil-luH tiik-cdk mat vb. 
 to embrace and kiss. P. 
 
 kii s. a screw, kil vun-lUn tyan vb. to 
 screw in screw; kil vunrliXn ak vb. to 
 unscrew and take out. 
 
 kil-zo s. a spec, of rice. 
 
 ku, ku-m cfr. T. bskul-ba or 'gugs-pa 
 vb. 1. to urge, to impel, to incite, to ani- 
 mate, to instigate, to cause, li-ld kit to 
 charge saying Ex. 1. 22. dyok kii, to urge 
 on work, to cause to do work; nd-var 
 ka to impel ship; rin kii to exhort, to 
 impress upon; kiim gat nyi it is necessary 
 to urge, ma-nyi kii vb. to repeat the 
 mani, to drawl out them. 2. to play at 
 the game of mik-mon or sd-fdn bik; to 
 move the pieces at the game also called 
 ku nyom to play a chess, drafts. 
 
 ku vb. to pass away (as year), to ex- 
 pire (time), sd-dyak kH-non the day is 
 wasted, has been lost; nam kH-non the 
 year has passed away. 
 
 kuk- reduplic. of klyop q. v. 
 
 kuk vb. to bow, to bend down, to in- 
 cline downwards, lean forward to bow 
 the head: a-tyak kiik; a-pot-sd a-Um-niin 
 kuii-sd a-kon kUk-non the branch of the 
 tree is weighed down by the weight of 
 the fruit. — kUk-vyek-nyim-bo i. q. td-gak 
 Tbr. 
 
 *kuk T. bkuk^-pa) vb. to call out, to 
 invoke; to summon, to assemble, to 
 invite, to congregate, to convene, to 
 assemble, zum-bo kiik 1. to .convene an 
 assembly, 2. to invite, piin kiik vb. to 
 convoke together, to convene together, 
 to form a congress. 
 
 kuh praef. reduplication of kdn, kan, 
 kom, kdn, kdn, kya/'i, krdn, krdn, krom, 
 kron, krydn, kryon, klyom, klyom, gdn, gan, 
 gryan; gryon, gldn, hdn, hon, hom, hdn 
 q. q. V. 
 
 -kun, -k-iin postp. see -Hn, mak-kiui dy- 
 ing, mk-kiin admonition. 
 
 kun s. a panther? M. 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 kuii — kun-cdn-rik 
 
 kun-cdr-rik— kun-ddfi 
 
 kun s. the ridge (of house, mountain, 
 nose etc.) W. 73 Q'kang"); kun brdl or 
 hyok to cross ridge; kiin ryak vb. to 
 follow r., kun ryak-ld the direction of 
 ridge, kun ryak-ld non vb. to follow r., 
 kun ryak-ld U zuk vb. to build house 
 parallel with ridge. 
 
 kun-gan incorr. fr. T. Kun-gan always, 
 oyer. 
 
 kun-t'ye-la adv. sound noise of falling 
 post; kun-tye-ld glyot nyon sound of fall- 
 ing p. 
 kun-mo fo s. the snow-cock. 
 kut redupl. of kat. 
 kiit Tb. feminam subigere kut bam. 
 *kut T. skud see tun-kict. 
 kut-mo old L. s. a thief, a theft; kiit- 
 mo fydn a thief and robber see tuk-mo. 
 kun praef. 1. i. q. kd e. c. kiin-nyem or 
 kun-em i. q. kd-nyem; kun-no i. q. kd-no 
 q. v.; kun-fyer i. q. kd-tyer; kiin-tydr i. q. 
 kd-fyor; kun-ndm see kd-nom q. v.; kun- 
 hlen \.(\.kd-Men; kun-hlyom see kd-hlydm; 
 kun-hlydn i. q. kd-hlyon; kun-sdk i. q. kd- 
 sdk; 2. reduplication of kdn, gan, dyen. 
 -kun, -k-iin postp. used for -nun in the 
 neg. imp. when the preceding final c. is k 
 (Id kaf) as md-zuk-nun or mdk-zuk-kmi 
 M. (corr. -ne is omitted and the fin. k 
 before -mw reduplicated see md-ne). 
 
 kun s. a sort of fishnet, a plain net 
 without the a-pot weights for sinking it: 
 sun-li kun; kun tset vb. to make a k. 
 
 kun, kun kun or kiin-nd kun-nd 1. clouds 
 of smoke, 2. intense black, kun-nd kun- 
 nd di vb. to come in dense clouds (smoke) 
 shining black, dark-red, a-nok k. k. jet- 
 black, see kan. 
 
 *kun T. rgun s. a grape; *kun-can T. 
 rgun-can s. wine J. 2. 3; kun-can tan-ban 
 ci Un-lun (he) drank of the wine and 
 was drunken G. *kun-sin T. rgun-sin s. 
 vine J. 15. 1. 
 
 *kun-ga ra-wa T. kun-dgd ra-ba s. 1. a 
 school, a college, 2. a library. 
 
 kun-cet-rtk s. a creeper used as to 
 flavour bread. 
 
 kun-cdn-rik s. a spec, of creeper. 
 
 kun-cdr-rik s. a spec, of creeper. 
 
 kun-nyel s. repetition see a-nel. 
 
 kun-tin s. long black pepper. Piper 
 longum; k. t. rik s. the creeper of do. 
 
 kun-til s. 1. a small spec, of tuk-mo 
 tadpole, 2. a shrub. 
 
 kun-tu kun n. pr. of a tree. 
 
 *kun-tu zdn-bo T. kun-tu bzan-po n. pr. 
 Samantabhadra P. 
 
 kun-tek kun s. a spec, of figtree, see 
 mon td-ry6n kun-tek; k. t. pot the fruit 
 of k. a small fig-spec. 
 
 kun-tek rik or kuk-t.rik s. a large creeper; 
 k. t.-pum the bulbous root of k. used as 
 a bitter tonic. 
 
 kun-tdii s. a creeping plant, k. t. bi s. 
 the leaves of k. used as vegetable. 
 
 kun-fil kun s. a bush. 
 
 kun-fo s. a desire for drinking, imbib- 
 ing, ci k. f. din-bo s. a wine-bibber; cd 
 k. f. d.-bo s. a great drinker of tea. 
 
 kun-fdr rik s. a spec, of creeper Tricho- 
 santhes anguina, k. f. pot s. the fruit 
 of T. 
 
 kun-fdr fam-biyak s. butterfly, white with 
 red and dark-edged wings. 
 
 kun-dap s. a seed-bearing grass. Job's 
 tears, Coix lacryma. kun-dap lyak s. a 
 necklace made from the seed of Coix 
 lacryma. 
 
 kun-dfh kun s. a spec, of fig-tree Ficus 
 macrophylla; k.d.pot the fruit of P.m., 
 a small fig; see kiin-ddn; sd-guk. 
 
 kun-dii s. the egg-plant Solanum see 
 a-pram, sd-hor, fon, nok, a-yan, hik-ti. 
 kun-dun see tun-dim. 
 kun-du s. soft prepared hide, tanned 
 leather, in opp. to kom-fun q. v. kun-du 
 kom-fun tanned hide; kun-du gin leathern 
 belt or throng; kun-du ba-guk leathern 
 purse. 
 
 kun-do con-gi '■^kundo chong-ge'^ s. Yuhina 
 gularis W. in R. 213. see kun-ru c. 
 
 kun-ddn s. the fig-tree, k. d. kun; go-niin 
 a-dovi kun-don-kun sd-grdm-ka si ydn li- 
 ren ho den-ri-wUn-d because I said unto 
 thee I saw thee under the fig-tree, be- 
 lievest thou? J. 1. 50. k. d.-pot 1. a spec. 
 
kun-dydm — kun-tson 
 
 of large fig, the fruit of k. ddn kun; tlie 
 fruit of the kun-din is now called kv.n- 
 ddn; I have not seen the kun-don for 
 many years M. 2. Tbr. the female breast. 
 
 kun-dyam see kun-dyom. 
 
 kun-dyut s. a spec, of plant. 
 
 kiin-dyu s. dishonesty, fraud, deceit, 
 duplicity, kun-dyu mat vb. to be dis- 
 honest, to defraud, to cheat, to impose 
 on, to deceive, kiin-dyu mat-bo s. a knave, 
 a cheat, a rascal. 
 
 kun-dyom s. a spec, otpd-am: kun-d. pd- 
 am Polygonum paniculatum; P. molle; 
 kun-dyom tyol a nodule or the stem of 
 the plant; k. d. tydp s. 1. a thicket of k. d. 
 2. name of place on road to Tuk-vor. 
 
 *kun-mo T. rkun-ma i. q. kit-mo. 
 
 kun-tsap rfk n. pr. of a creeper. 
 
 kun-tsu s. name of vegetable, hrydk 
 kun-tm Hibiscus esculentus. 
 
 kun-tsu 1. explet. to lum q. v. 2. kuTi- 
 tsu pd-no rip s. the marvel of Peru. 
 
 kun-tson s. mais, Indian corn, Zea mays; 
 there are the following species: kun-tson 
 pur-vyet; k. ts. ya-Jcor; k. ts. nd-aydm; k. ts. 
 pd-lam suk-kya; k. ts. kd-lup fya; k. ts. 
 kup; k. ts. pd-dyor or pd-dyir; k. ts. kun- 
 dyom; k. ts. t'yak-nop; k. ts. hyir; k. ts. gol- 
 pya\ k. ts. sun-dur; k. ts. gya-tso; k. ts. 
 dum; k. ts. nok; k. ts. sd-nar dyit; k. ts. 
 mik-tak; k. ts. kdn or rd-kdn. The head 
 of maize bears several names ace. to its 
 growth: kun-tson ban kiip sdl the young 
 head when first appearing; k. ts. a-bok 
 the h. when seed commences to appear: 
 k. ts. bok zuk; k. ts. td-ji mik when the 
 grain begins to get a little larger: k. ts. 
 td-jim mat; k. ts. pd-fyu mik when the g. 
 begins to get a little firm: k. ts. pd-fyu 
 mik mat; k. ts. tiin-bol hop mik when the 
 grain has acquired firmness ; k. ts. ral ryu 
 head when ripe. 
 
 Comp. kun-tson kip young shoot from 
 stem; kUn-tson kun s. stem of I. c. ; kun- 
 tson duk a young tender head of m.; 
 kUn-tson pak the head of m. ; kUn-tson pi 
 the husk of m.; kitn-tson fop the skin 
 round grain; kiin-tson mik the grain of 
 
 kun-zom— kun-lyum 
 
 19 
 
 m.; kitn-tson mik-tak a variegated head, 
 some of the grain being white and some 
 brown or black, also a spec, kitn-tson 
 len s. a young shoot of head, besides 
 the true head. kUn-tson hyO, s. the grain 
 of mais out of head; kiin-tson sum s. the 
 beard of mais. 
 
 kun-zom s. the thistle Carduus, the 
 following species: k. z. hlo-sd; k. z. dan-sd; 
 k. z. nok; k. z. hlii. see tUn-kun bi. 
 
 kun-ra (see rdn) 1. handsome-worked, 
 ornamented; kun-ra ban or kUn-ra pd-yuk 
 s. a damascene blade; kUn-ra sor s. worked 
 pattern in the plaiting of basket or the 
 pattern of cloth spotted; kiin-ra sor sd- 
 uyak a short day? M. kiin-ra kum-fyon 
 or pum-fyon (ace. W. kanda pan-thong 
 the crested P. E. 204) the spotted hawk- 
 eagle Limnaetus nepalensis ace. W. also 
 L. kienerii. 2. a shrub Buddlea nee- 
 mala, k. ra-bi the leaves of B. eaten as 
 vegetable; kiin-ra bdk-to a large spec; 
 kUn-ra bi or tuu-krok s. a spec, of fern; 
 kiin-ra kd-nyem s. used sometimes im- 
 properly for the grain of kd-nyem q. v. 
 
 kun -ran the mustard plant, mustard 
 Sinapis; k. r. nok S. niger; k. r. pd-dy&r 
 S. alba, the seeds rich in oil; the leaves 
 used by the L.'s as a vegetable: kun- 
 ran bi. 
 
 kun-rii i. q. sun-rii. 
 
 kun-ru cdn-ge fo i. q. zon-rii can-ge q. v. 
 see kUn-do con-ge. 
 
 kun-riip bi (?, ace. Hooker 2, 47 kenroop 
 bi) s. Dentaria. 
 
 kun-lo s. a spec, of nettle, kun-lo bi s. 
 the leaves of k. used as vegetable. 
 
 kun-lok rik s. 1. a wild creeper spec. 
 Mimosa, kUn-lok pot s. the fruit of above, 
 the root and seed used as a delargent 
 in washing; the latter also after heating 
 in fire and soaking in water for three 
 or four days and then cooked is eaten. 
 2. Tbr. the knee. 
 
 kun lyak un lyak Tbr. a necklace of 
 green glass beads, see kuii-un. 
 
 kun-lyum s. a spec, of Smilax, k. I. bi 
 s. the leaves of k. I. used as vegetable. 
 
20 
 
 kun-hrom— kup, a-kup 
 
 kum 
 
 kun-hrom see pun-hrom. 
 
 kun-sum s. a spec, of wild cucumber, 
 Cucumis acutangulus. 
 
 kun-$el rik s. a creeper, kun-sel hi s. 
 the leaves of h. s. used as vegetable, 
 pru hun-M s. a certain plant. 
 
 kup, a-kupjs. a child M. 28. 6n-kup 
 1. a little child; — a-kup zdn childish 
 M. 105; — a-kup-pun a-mo-lem dyen to 
 whine after mother; — a-kup dim s. a 
 doll. — 2. offspring, descendants. 
 a-kOp bo mo riil dat-td dat tarn vb. to 
 be a pest to parents, to be a bad child; 
 
 — kiip-nun a-mo a-bo a-liit fik i. q. bo mo 
 tam-sHk gyUm q. v. — a-kup dii s. labour- 
 pains. — a-kup kd-ta zon an only child; 
 a-kUp td-ayu kd-ta zon kat nyi to have 
 only one daughter; a-kO-p td-ayO. td-gri 
 sam two daughters and one son; a-kup 
 td-gri td-dyii sam two sons and one 
 daughter; — a-kiip glydk s. a deaf and 
 thumb child; kilp tek-bo s. the last ch. — 
 {a-')kvp niim-fran-bo the eldest son; (a)- 
 kvp num-rdn-bo the eldest daughter. — 
 (a-)kup bdn s. a bastard. — (a-')kup byer 
 s. twins. {a-')kup byer gek to give birth 
 to twins. — kHp z&h a grandchild, Mp 
 zon td-gri a grandson, kiip zon td-uyiju a 
 granddaughter, (a-')kiip yan s. a legitimate 
 child; — (a-)kup Idm-bam-bo an adopted 
 child, kicp-ldm lyo to adopt a child. — 
 kiip-lo s. a step-son or -daughter. — kiip 
 sun s. an only child. — a-kUp dyen tek-bo 
 the fourth child. ■ — a-kUp a-byek-bo the 
 third child. — a-kUp a-z6n my own child 
 (an expression of endearment of mother). 
 
 — a-kiip a-hlep-bo the second child. 
 kiip kyun lyo vb. to pray to obtain 
 
 children. — a-kUp gek i. q. a-kUp bii,. — 
 kup-cot i. q. dyen-c6t the amnium, kiip-cot 
 un or k. c. sdl the liquor amnii. — a-kiip 
 nyim-bo having children; md-nyin-niim-bo 
 childless, kiip nyim to tsdt the maturity 
 of females. — a-kiip ton-ndn to become 
 barren, to cease from childbearing; — 
 kHp-tyol the secundines ; — kHp-fin having 
 children. — a-kiip Mt mat-ba vb. to foster 
 an adopted child. — kiip-tbr see td-bdk. 
 
 a-kiip ba vb. to be pregnant s. child-birth; 
 (the interest of money): to become due; 
 kiip bUn-bo pregnant. — kup-bo a person 
 having children; kiip -bo kup -fin pater 
 familias; — a-kiip bye to vb. 1. to beget, 
 2. to place child on back. — kiip mat 
 I6n to adopt, bring up a child M. 129. 
 kHp-mo a woman whose generative powers 
 are weak; — a-kiip yem kdn vb. to warn 
 a child; — a-kiip yol vb. to miscarry; — 
 kup rdn-bo s. a nurse. — a-kiip lydk s. a 
 cradle, a baby's clothes; a-kiip lydk mat 
 vb. to rock a child; — kiip sol i.q. dyeii sdl. 
 — Joiip ayit s. a woman having great gene- 
 rative powers, prolific. — 3. creatures, 
 men zon kiip Hind, admt; simply an 
 expletive td-gri td-dyO, kiip males and fe- 
 males, rdn-kUp a Lepcha, sometimes also 
 used in a familiar affectionate or com- 
 passing sense. 4. the young of any ani- 
 mal, a cub see kd-ju kiip; 5. horizontal 
 root see buk kiip, a-kiip I6n to branch 
 off said of stalk of corn; 6. profit, inter- 
 est of money opp. mo M. 129; a-kiip 
 pldm-bo adj. profitable; a-kiip md-pldm- 
 niin-bo profitless; a-kiip ka vb. to charge 
 interest; — 7. kiij} affixed to words gives 
 the signification of small, little opp. wo 
 see 1. riin-nyit u/l kiip; sap kiip Phoenix 
 acaulis; advly. simply, only, merely, 
 kd-ta kiip one, only one; alone, quite 
 solitary; kd-ta mii kiip the body alone, 
 one'self alone ; a-tet kiip onlj this; a-nam 
 kup this year only; — 8. a diacritical 
 mark, vowel M. 3. — point see nyin-do 
 kiip s. V. nyi. 
 
 Deriv. fam-kUp s. anything small, 
 a little one, a kid; f. k. man s. a foetus 
 not full grown in womb or the shell; 
 the flesh of any young animal; t.k.mdn 
 gek vb. to have a premature birth; f. k. 
 man fa-ba a-krik yak to eat the flesh of 
 very small animals causes titulation of 
 the jaws i. e. disgust. 
 
 kum praef. 1. i. q. kd- q. v. kHm-myUm 
 see kd-myiim. 2. often confused with 
 piim or piin- q. v. kum-fydn see piin-f. etc. 
 3. reduplicat. of kom, kram, krom, klydm, 
 
kum — kur- 
 
 kur— kur-tdt 
 
 21 
 
 gan, gram, gryom see also kun. 4. prefix 
 of unknown s. see kum-yd kum-U jocu- 
 larity, with s. yd and E; kum-yo kum-ba 
 virtue s.yo and 6a; in s. of "backwards" (?) 
 kum-tul, kum-fal see tul and t'al, blik. 
 kum-bal, kum-hydr, kum-sin. 
 
 kum adj. arched, concave, vaulted, s. a 
 small cave or arch as under rock, kicm 
 kum ham-bo. 
 
 kum-nyel explet. to kum-fal s. t'al. 
 
 kum-t'ydn see pun-tym. 
 
 kum-dak see ntim-dak. 
 
 kum-dun pr. T. gzan other, another, a 
 different person or thing; kum-dun kum- 
 dun others, various; kum-dun kum-bak 
 other, another, pd-no kup gek-lun rin 
 kum-dun su-ld md-li-ne when the kings 
 son was born nothing else was spoken 
 of. P. kum-dun{-sd) md-dok-ne unequalled, 
 incomparable, unique. 
 
 kum-fdt s. the cotton-plant Gossypium; 
 kum-fot ki s. the cotton of do.; kum-fdt 
 ki do vb. to pick cotton; kum-fot pi s. 
 the pod of do. 
 
 kum-bak explet. to kum-diin q. v. 
 
 kum-bal s. a bag slung over shoulder 
 for holding things, kvm-bal tun-gip s. a 
 knapsack, a couriers bag. kum-bal kun s. 
 name of tree Clerodendrum infortunatum, 
 kum-bal rip s. red flower of 01.; kiim-bal 
 nok 01. urticafolium. kum-bal nyok kun 
 s. a spec. Clerodendrum? 
 
 kum-bu zo s. a spec, of rice. 
 
 kum-bu s. a slave, a bondsman, kum-bu 
 kum-bdn s. id. 
 
 kum-bo mdn s. a spec, of millet? 
 
 kum-bdh explet. of kiim-bu. 
 
 kum-byoii see pum-byon. 
 
 kum-brdn kun see hron. 
 
 kum-blik see blik. flik. 
 
 kum-zor see pum-zor. 
 
 kum-hyar s. the occiput of head; k. h. 
 horn s. the base of o., the nape of neck. 
 
 kum-Sin or kum-sun s. upper part of 
 back between shoulders. 
 
 kur- pref. 1. i. q. kd-; kur-cen, kiir-jaii, 
 kiir-tyan, kur-bum, kiir-fak-fo; kiir-tydr, 
 kur-hryo-fo; see under kd-. 2. incorr. for 
 
 tur: kur-vim for tvr-v. 3. reduplication 
 of kar q. v. 4. deriv. fr. T. skar? prefixed 
 in s. of starlight, brightness, asterisc of 
 notched stick (?); royalty etc., front- 
 part etc. 
 
 kur see kar vb. to be warm, passionate; 
 kur-ld adv. with ardour; dyok kur-ld mat 
 vb. to work with ardour. 
 
 kur-kf; incorr. for kor-ki see kor. 
 
 kur-kun s. the outer side of bent article 
 as of tree, the ridged side of anything 
 in opp. to km'-go. 
 
 kur-kuii incorr. f. kdr-k. 
 
 kur-Ri see kor-ki"^ kur-M tydp vb. to be 
 close, niggardly. 
 
 kur-gu (kur- 4.?) s. the breast, the chest; 
 un o-re-nun dyesu-sd ktir-gu-ka tyop-luh li 
 he then lying on Jesus' breast saith unto 
 him J. 13. 25. kur-gu sd-biir sd-bur vb. 
 to expand chest. 
 
 Oomp. kur-gu tuk-blydn s. side or deptli 
 of b.; kur-gu lyon s. breath of chest; 
 kur-gu hrit s. the sternum. 
 
 kur-go s. the lower inner side of a bent 
 (ridged) article as. of (bent) tree in opp. 
 to kur-kun. 
 
 kur-gdk s. fruit of any of the spec, of 
 wild plantain-trees, wild plantain fruit, 
 see tyaii-mo fo-l6m. 
 
 kiir-gyu s. pretence, sham; k.g.kyop or 
 mat vb. to pretend, to sham, to feign, 
 md-yd-ne kiir-gyu kyop vb. to p. not to 
 know; mik-sap kiir-gyii, ky&p vb. to feign 
 blindness; dH kiir-gyu, kyop or ddk or mat 
 vb. to sham illness, ddk k. g. mat-bo s. 
 a maligner. 
 
 kiir-gydn see kar-gydn. 
 
 kur-ndk s. a wild goose. 
 
 kur-ciii rik s. a creeper, a spec, of 
 Oateohu? kur-cin mut s. the bulb of do. 
 (bitter); kur-cin tydp vb. to be stingy, 
 niggardly Tbr. ; kHr-cin tydp-bo s. a miser, 
 a niggard. 
 
 kur-nyft s. n. pr. of the fourth month, 
 kHr-nyit-nyom M. 141. 
 
 kur-tat s. rejoicings, festivities; kiir-tdt 
 mat-sdn kiik vb. to assemble a party for 
 festivity. 
 
22 
 
 kur-tdn — kur-mdm 
 
 kur-ydk-fo— kur-vdn 
 
 kur-tSn s. a salute, an honorary salute; 
 kiir-tdn mat vb. to give an h. s. 
 
 kur-tyak s. flattering, palpitating; Liir- 
 tydk-ld li vb. to feel palpitation. 
 
 kur-tyu s. the dewlap of cow, the wattle 
 of fowls etc. 
 
 kur-t'ak s. a minister of state, a prime- 
 minister, k. t. kur-biim id. P., fd-6n Mr- 
 t'ak-sdn the public m.'s; sd-gdn kur-fak- 
 sdi'i. the private m.'s; ka-ldn kvr-fak krut 
 md-rik-nun-sd pe lyo gdn nd tuk-po kd- 
 ta-ka hlyot fo-wun-re td-do td-do 6t-n6n-re 
 zdn gum when a minister and the officers 
 do not agree (metaphorically speaking) it 
 is like unto string the plaiting of which 
 is all separated. 
 
 kur-t'i-t'fp or kur-tu-tip s. the epiglottis. 
 
 kur-da s. a spec, of frog: kur-dd td-luk. 
 
 kur-daii adj. ruddy as ripe fruit, kvr- 
 ddn kur-son 1. ruddy, rosy, rosy cheeked; 
 2. applied also to persons of quality 
 assembled together: bright, brilliant, 
 splendid; 3. illustrious, distinguished, 
 noble. 
 
 kur-du adj. 1. bright as star, brilliant, 
 refulgent, luminous, 2. explet. of sd-hor 
 star P. 3. cheerful, vivacious, blithsome ; 
 pd-nyom kur-du s. a cheerful old man. 
 
 kur-diin incorr. f. kiil-din q. v. 
 
 kur-don s. a plantain, k. d. kun\ genus 
 Musa, Musa nepalensis. kur-don gop s. 
 the stalk on which the fruit clusters; 
 kur-don nyun s. a head or cluster of 
 plantains; kur-don pak a single pi.; kur- 
 don pot s. the pi. fruit; kur-don bra s. a 
 young head of pi. kur-don fam-blydk s. 
 a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 kur-nap see nap. 
 
 kur-byek s. pudendum pueruli aut 
 puellulae. 
 
 kiir-mdt s. freckles of face, sentigo, also 
 ephelis or any similar slight alteration 
 of pigment. 
 
 kur-mdm s. an assembly, meeting, 
 committee, board, council; kur-mdm c6k 
 s. a frequenter of public meetings, a man 
 of business, M kur-mdm c6k md-myon- 
 num-bo he is not a man of business. 
 
 kur-yak-fo see mlm-bdn. 
 
 kiir-yan explet. of kur-vi. 
 
 kur-ham-fo (W. kar-rha-om Garrulax 
 pectoralis W. 211 ; Iho kar-^'hyum Garrulus 
 bispecularis W. 210) ace. M. : the white- 
 spottedlaughing thrush, Garrulaxocellatus, 
 applied also to several other specc. of do. 
 
 kur-ham-la adv. projecting M. 
 
 kur-hun s. a scraper, an adze. 
 
 kur-hdp s. the palate of mouth; 2. the 
 gills of fi.sh. 
 
 kur-vit rik s. spec, of creeper. 
 
 kur-va s. a spec, of Catechu kur-va 
 kd-cd. 
 
 kiir-vi kur-ydn s. a shrill tone, kur-vi 
 (kur-ydn) lik vb. to call out in a shrill 
 tone (from fear etc. as women, children), 
 to screach. 
 
 kur-vih the space at the end of sloping 
 roof, gable. 
 
 *kur-VO i. q. kar-vo. 
 
 kur-v6n s. 1. the front, kur-v6n-ka in 
 the front; kur-v6n kon the front-direction; 
 kur-v6n kon-ld pok vb. to fall frontwise. 
 kur-v6n tsdk vb. to make a stand in front, 
 to oppose, to withstand, to resist; kur- 
 von tsdk-kun s. resistance; opposition, kiir- 
 von tsdk-kun nan vb. to make resistance, 
 the bosom, breast, un M lo-kruk-sdn 
 kat-mu sd-re dyesu-nun go-bam-bo re dyesu- 
 sd kur-von-ka ty&p da now there was lean- 
 ing on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, 
 whom J. loved J. 13. 23. see kur-gu; 
 kur-von ddp opposite, face to face; kur- 
 von ddp nan to be directly opposite. — 
 kiir-vdn-lem adv. frontwards before, to- 
 wards; kur-con-lem nan vb. to. sit oppo- 
 site. — 2. advly. towards, sdn-gye-lem 
 kur-v6n van turn towards Buddha. — 
 3. the presence of person, pd-no-sd 
 kur-vdn-ka ndn to go into presence of 
 king. — attachment, favour, kiir-vdn mat 
 or mat nan vb. to sit facing, to show 
 favour; kur-vdn van to be favourable, to 
 show attachment; kur-von vun vb. to 
 turn away from, to show displeasure, dis- 
 inclination towards, to display, to show 
 repugnance, antipathy, detest. — 4. the 
 
kur-vdt— ku, a-ku 
 
 ku, a-ku— *ku 
 
 23 
 
 present time, kur-von klo-ld ndk or cin 
 vb. to think only of the present; kur-von 
 td-gum cin to think of future as well as 
 present consequences. — 5. good, righteous 
 in opp. to td-gum kon. 
 
 kur-vdt adj. black and white generally 
 said of stripes, striped. 
 
 kur-vyo or ka-vyo s. a sort of basket 
 for catching fish; it is placed near a 
 water-fall or where fish are obliged to 
 jump, when they fall into the basket; 
 kur-vyo hydn vb. to fix k. v. 
 
 kur-sak s. 1. part of dress, which covers 
 breast; kur-sdk-ka tap vb. to place in 
 bosom Ex. 2. female's breast, udder of 
 cow Tbr. 
 
 kur-son adj. hairy, hirsute, km'-son gya 
 hairy; kur-son nyim-bo a h. person, kur- 
 son t'am-blydk s. a spec, butterfly M. 
 
 kur-sdii see son and kur-du\ kur-son 
 kiir-du adj. 1. bright as star; 2. cheer- 
 ful, jovial, radiant; 3. gorgeous, glittering 
 as assemblage of people; kur-son 1. bright, 
 lucid, n. pr. of 5 th month M. 141. 2. s. 
 a planet: sd-hor kur-son. 3. the morning 
 star see kiir-nap ; kur-son tuk-sim-bo a comet ; 
 kur-son rip s. a spec, of air-plant (orchid) ; 
 kHr-son tam-blydk s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 kur-Sin see En. 
 
 kiir-'ayak see nUm-bon. 
 
 kur-'aydt-fo s. a certain bird. 
 
 kul- prefix 1. i. q. kd-\ kUl-fydm, kul- 
 din etc. see kd-. 2. i. q. kHr-; kul-fi-fip. 
 3. pref. in sense of downwards, reverse? 
 see dak, dydk. 
 
 kul-ca i. q. li-cd s. the uvula. 
 
 kul-dak i. q. pul-ddk a spec. frog. 
 
 kul-dat s. wagging head a game of 
 children, kUl-ddt mat vb. to wag head; 
 kul-ddt bik s. derived from the motion 
 of the head, a coleopterous insect. 
 
 kul-dyak s. a shallow hole, uii k. d. a 
 pool of water. 
 
 kul-dyok plump into k. d.-ld klo vb. to 
 fall plump into. 
 
 kul-dydk see kd-dydk. 
 
 ku, a-ku T. a-lcu, Uu-bo s. a paternal 
 uncle, a-ku kiip s. a paternal cousin. 
 
 ku, a-ku s. the growth of previous year, 
 said of grain. 
 
 ku i. q. rd-ku s. a store, a provision, a 
 stock of grains; zo ku tsiin vb. to lay up 
 a store of provision. 
 
 *ku T. sku 1. hon. body or person of 
 great man pd-no ku the p. of king. 2. an 
 image, a picture; ku zuk vb. to make an 
 image; — ku sdn kyop vb. to gild or 
 plate an image; — ku pi vb. to draw a 
 picture; — ku tso-nun pi vb. to paint a p. 
 
 Comp. *ku-kre T. sku-bgre (^-ba) hon. 
 to grow old L. gan non; ku-krem-bo sUn 
 vb. hon. to remember. — *ku-g6n T. sku- 
 Kan s. hon. sepulchre, a tomb. — *ku-nd 
 T. sku-snon s. hon. an old man an aged 
 person. — *ku-cdt T. sku-pod s. good 
 conduct, merit, virtue, honesty, ku-cdt-ho 
 or k.-c. mat-bo, ku-cdt nan fyen-bo an up- 
 right well behaved person; ku md-cdt-ne 
 vb. to behave ill, to act unworthy. — 
 *ku-ce T. sku cas s. hon. personal property. 
 — *ku-con T. sku-can hon. s. a present 
 sent to a sick man with message of 
 sympathy; condolence; a present, a gift 
 ku con pu vb. to present gift. — *ku-jo 
 T. sku- jo hon. a master, lord, chief. — 
 *ku-jon T. sku-gson hon. s. a young man, 
 a young gentleman. — *ku-ten T. sku-rten 
 s. a figure, a symbol, a type, an emblem, a 
 representation. — *ku-to T. sku-stod hon. s. 
 the belly L. td-bdk. — *ku ton T. sku-tan 
 s. 1. a large picture, 2. a spec, of butter- 
 fiy. — *ku-dun T. sku-gdun s. hon. lit. 
 "the bone of body" hon. the son of great 
 man, a prince, the son of Lama; a skeleton; 
 relics. — *kum-dun T. sku-mdun hon. s. 
 the presence of king or great man. — 
 *kum-diin c6 T. sku-mdun mci to repair 
 to the presence of do. kum-dUn co-h 
 hon. (I) shall go to you. — *ku-den T. 
 sku-ldan s. a deputy, a representative, 
 a viceroy. — *ku-bum T. sku-bum s. a 
 shrine, a tomb, a sarcophagus, a ceno- 
 taph. — *ku-min T. sku-min s. hon. the title 
 of king majesty. — *ku-tb'al T. sku-mtml s. 
 L. vi hon. blood. — *ku-tsdp T. sku-tt<ab 
 s. hon. 1. an embassador, a messenger 
 
24 
 
 ku— kuii 
 
 Run 
 
 of king, 2. a deputy, a viceregent. — 
 *ku-zu T. sku-gzugs hon. 1. the person 
 or body of king, great man, 2. the image 
 of gr. man. — *ku-rim or ku-ryum T. sku- 
 rim s. "respectful ceremony" the exorcising 
 of evil spirit by lama, in Tibet used for 
 "respect, honour"; mun ku-rim maty\). to 
 exorcise evil spirit by propitiatory offer- 
 ing, ku-rim ydn s. fee for exorcising. — 
 *ku-T6 T. ska-rags or sku-i\ s. a belt, a 
 girdle. — *ku sum T. sku gsum Skt. trikdya. 
 — *ku so T. sku-sogs s. hon. an honorary 
 title, lord, master. — *ku so T. sku-sa s. 
 hon. the flesh of great man. 
 
 ku, bdk-ku s. the navel. 
 
 *ku T. gvd s. loss, detriment, ku zdk 
 vb. to suffer loss. 
 
 *ku, a-ku T. gus-po adj. highprised, 
 dear, expensive, a-ku to vb. to get little 
 from your money; ku non it has become 
 dear, the price has risen. 
 
 *ku T. 'gugs-pa vb. to invoke or pray 
 aloud to God, to call the name of the lord. 
 
 ku-trni s. a sort of basket for carrying 
 rice etc 
 
 ku-mo s. a lady a grandee (female) an 
 abbess. 
 
 *ku tn6k T. rku theft and mag{-pa) 
 son-in-law s. a man who has not paid 
 his marriage-fee; ku mok myok a son-in- 
 law, who has not paid his marriage-fee. 
 
 kuk vb. to rake, to scrape or draw 
 towards self as with stick; to hoe super- 
 ficially; to pitch with a stick; to pull 
 upwards with hook; to laddie, to spoon 
 out, to hit with stick, to bat; to toss as 
 bull with horns, kuk dycin vb. to toss. 
 
 kun vb. 1. to agree, to accord with; 
 kun bam vb. to agree, to be of one mind 
 k. com to be accordant; 2. to be proper 
 md-kun-nun-sd ayok mat vb. to do what 
 is improper, kun-til vb. to feel accord- 
 ing to the cause, to feel sympathy; ho 
 sak-ddk sdm go go-run go kun til-lun si-so 
 whether you grieve or rejoice I shall in 
 accordance feel with you. hil fat-tuii-ren 
 kun-til sak-ddk he lost and therefore felt 
 sorrowful. 
 
 kun s. 1. a tree kun Idn id. M. 137. 
 H. I, 306. Tbr.: sd-sim T. sin; kun-don- 
 kun a figtree J. — kun-ji kun a figtree 
 applied to Picus bengalensis and several 
 other species. — kun a-zo ryu md ryu 
 a-p6t tyak the goodness of the tree is 
 known by its fruit. — ku?i gron a hollow 
 tree. — kun dym a small sized tree, a 
 young tree. — kun nun s. a branching, 
 wide-spreading tree. — kun min an old 
 dry tree; kun-min zdn-bo said of a very 
 old man without descendants Tbr. — kun 
 mlam a dottard Tbr. — kuri sin a dry 
 tree. — kun ayon a rotten t. — kun a-zum 
 a live t. — kun hlem nol to clear tree's 
 away for field. — 2. stalk, the stalk of 
 corn etc. — 3. pole kur kun the pole of • 
 tent. — stock sd-dydr mi-sd kun q. v. — 
 4. wood kun-sd wooden or belonging to 
 w. kuii Idn, nun-nan 1. to become stiff 
 like wood (said of dead person) Tbr. 
 2. also to be very tough not to die as 
 old man Tbr. — kun buk zdn said of ban 
 when very blunt. — kun glih solid wood. 
 
 — kun ju green w. — kun tsok hard w. 
 
 — kun al soft w. 
 
 Comp. kun-kdm s. a block of wood 
 used as a seat. — kun-kup) s. a young 
 tree. — kun kiir-kiin the outer side of a 
 bent tree, kuii kur-go the inner side of 
 a bent tree, kun kur-go tyat-td cut the 
 tree on inner side of curve. — kwfi Mop 
 a chip of wood; — kun-gol Mo Parb. 
 Jala-pahdr n. pr. of a mountain W. 58. 
 kun-gol Mo "a tree fallen or upset" W. 64. 
 
 — kun-gH s. a bare twig of tree; kun 
 gri-ka fo a-ldn tsdt nan-nyi si a-ldn kam- 
 pat-ka lyan Ian Idm-non the bird is now 
 seen on the twig and presently has flown 
 away; kun-gri-ka fo tsdt nan-nun-sd liyet 
 md-nyin-ne there is no difference between 
 him and bird perched on a twig said in 
 reference to a person in any doubtful c. 
 as in illness, whether a man would live 
 or die, being like a bird on a twig, that 
 might fly away at any moment. — kwii- 
 glyan s. stem of t. — kun-cur s. a notch 
 in t. — kun-juk s. a sprout from t. old 
 
kuii— kut 
 
 kum — ke-bo 
 
 25 
 
 or cut down. — kuh-juk Idu-juk din id. 
 to shoot out. — kuii-nyak s. a shoot. — 
 ktirl tuk-brdl s. space between roots and 
 tree. — kun fyon the buttresses of t. — 
 kun dyon s. a bush, kuii dyon cuk-niln 
 from amidst of a bush Ex. — kuii pa- 
 tin a stick. — kuit pd-tun a staff. — kun 
 pd-(pi'/H-^ten a parasite plant. — kun pdk 
 s. a stump of t. standing. — kun pi s. 
 the bark. — kun pon-bo s. a box, a coffin. 
 
 — kun, pot ydm-bo a fruit-tree, kun pot 
 md-yd-niim-bo a tree which does not bear 
 fruit. — kun ban,, kun a-bdn 1. s. the trunks 
 of tree, the base of the tree, kun a-bdn 
 a-ydk van-lUn fyaii bam-re zok rin to 
 make use of language as if one was 
 planting a tree upside down with its 
 head in the ground, kun-bdn n. pr. of a 
 Lepcha-village W. 71. "tree-foundation". 
 
 — kun-brdn ; kun-brmt a cluster of young 
 shoots from t. — kun-for see for. — kun- 
 rik s. a creeper, a climber. — kun-li s. 
 the seed of t. — kun-litt s. the heart of t. 
 
 — kun-hyo s. the gum of tree, kwi-hyo 
 lyak necklace made of g. — kun Man fo 
 s. "the tree-climber" spec. Sitta. — kun-sor 
 s. the grain of wood, kun-sor ryak-ld cit 
 to split w. in direction of g.; kun-sor 
 pak-ld cit to cut against g. — kun-san 
 explet. to Idn. — ■ kun-Un s. a splinter. — 
 kun a-fya the roots of tree, kun a-fya- 
 nii.n ak vb. to root up tree. — hm-on [T. 
 sin-rta] s. a carriage, cart, vehicle, k. o. 
 kor-lo the wheel, k. o. zo-bo a carriage- 
 maker, k. 0. kun-bo or ku-bo s. a coach- 
 man, carter. 
 
 Deriy. a-kun s. 1. a small tree, a bush, 
 ko-gro a-kun s. a rose-bush; 2. the tree 
 of umbrella; 3. a large link in chain; 
 4. (incorr. see kofi) the hem of garment: 
 ta-go a-kun. 
 
 kun see tUn-kun tim-ld and md-i^nu it-') 
 kun\ kun un s. a green glass bead Tbr. 
 
 kut vb. to rule a line; kut-tom-bo a 
 line; til-Id kut fom-bo an unwritten book; 
 CO kut-t'dm-bo a ruled book. 
 
 kut s. chameleon or a saurian spec; 
 kut liim-bii s. a cock Tbr. 
 
 kum vb. to biud round as with hoop, 
 to gird roiuid; kum-bo s. a hoop, a circular 
 binding, a girdle, a-kum s. 1. frame of 
 anything, 2. the edging of anything; see 
 kul. 
 
 *kum see ku. 
 
 *kur s. T. gur tent; kur-cHk-ka within 
 his tent G.; kur tsdk vb. to petch a tent; 
 kur rat vb. to strike t. 
 
 Comp. kur-kun s. the pole of t,; ''kur 
 cok T. gur-mcog s. a superb tent, taber- 
 nacle; kur tak-po s. the ropes of t.; kur 
 tiui-gryop or k. ya-lo the kanauts, the 
 walls of tent, the curtains; *kur fok T. 
 gtvr-t'ag s. the fly of tent; ^kur ]ii-bo T. 
 g-pur-ba s. the t.-pegs; *kur-sin T. -H/l 
 s. the pole of t. ; kw-raii s. the feast of 
 tabernacles J. 7. 2. 
 
 ■'kur-gum T. gur-kum s. saffron. 
 
 *kur-mo T. skur-ma s. a present lak-to, 
 kur-mo kUii vb. to send a pr. 
 
 kul vb. to be surrounded, encircled 
 with (as halo) Id-vo-ka tiin-kun kul-bam 
 the moon is surrounded by a halo. 
 
 Deriv. a-kul 1. adj. encircled with, 
 surrounded with, 2. s. a circular support; 
 a girdle see a-iwl:, tun-kul anything sur- 
 rounded by a halo or with anything en- 
 circled; see kum. 
 
 *ke T. gal adj. important, urgent; s. 
 importance. *ke ci T. gal ce important 
 business, ke md-ci-ne or ke-ci md-nyin-ne 
 it is not urgent, it is of no consequence. 
 
 *ke T. gegs, skegs s. hurt, damage, 
 misfortune; ke zdk vb. to fall into trouble, 
 to receive damage, injury. 
 
 *ke T.'gegs s. delay, hindrance, stopp- 
 ing, protraction; so-nap ke md-nyin-ne 
 it will be soon night; non sdn ke md- 
 nyin-ne to make no delay in going, to 
 be soon ready to go. 
 
 *ke-yo T. bskyod and mgyogs swift, 
 very quick P. 
 
 ke-bo s. a dynasty, government, rule, 
 power; ke-bo zoh a powerful govern- 
 ment; ke-bo luk vb. to raise a dynasty; 
 ke-bo ru-bo kup s. the subjects of a 
 sovernment. 
 
26 
 
 *ke-ma— *ko 
 
 *ke-ma T. Uye-mo adj. cheap. 
 ken, a-ken i. q. a-kan single. 
 kep, a-kep s. a young sucker see 
 a-kup. 
 
 "*ko s. T. gos coat in opp. dum q. v. 
 vyik-sdn-nitn . . . hit dum-pdn lyo-lun a-ka 
 fd-li vyik rel-ld rel-ld kor-ka a-ka kat mat 
 un ko-rem Id lyo un ko-re md-hrap-nicn 
 a-ton-nun p'ak-kd tok fom-bo gum then 
 the soldiers took his garments and made 
 four parts, to every soldier a part; and 
 also his coat: now the coat was without 
 seam woven from top throughout J. 19. 
 23; clerical garments; — in comp. silk; 
 "ko-cen T. gos-cen silk, flowered cloth; 
 *ko-cen ca nak-mo satin M.; *ko-cen pu- 
 mo velvet M.; ko-mo a great cloth. 
 
 *ko s. T. ko leather; *ko cop T. ko cab 
 s. a leathern belt (belt and buckle). 
 
 ko vb. to be muddy, thick (water etc.); 
 un ko da thick, muddy water; ko-ld mat 
 vb. to thicken as soup, porridge etc., to 
 incrassate. a-kom adj. thick (as water- 
 soup). 
 
 ko, a-ko s. a kind of earring worn by 
 women only; a-ko ti vb. to wear an 
 earring. 
 
 ko see fyak-ko. 
 
 *ko 1. T. go-ba vb. to understand, to 
 comprehend, to be cunning, to know; 
 2. T. go s. comprehension, understanding, 
 counsel, advice, admonition; ko-nyim-bo 
 s. a person quick in understanding, ko 
 md-nyin-nu7n-bo a p. slow in under- 
 standing, illiterate, ignorant. — ko nyi-ld 
 mat-td-o know, understand; — ko cdk byi 
 vb. to explain, to advice, to give counsel; 
 CO ko cdk byi vb. to explain, to expound. 
 — ko tyak vb. to receive advice see tyak. 
 
 Comp. ko-pap s. explanation ko-pap 
 byi or diin vb. to explain, to expound, 
 to interpret; — *ko-lo T. go-blo s. under- 
 standing, comprehension, ability of doing 
 anything, talent, wisdom, power; ko-lo 
 gyu-bo an intelligent person, or a p. 
 having knowledge of, a sage, a philo- 
 sopher, hu-nun ko-lo md-gyu-ne he can 
 do nothing. — ko-lo md-ku-ne to have no 
 
 ko-gro— kok 
 
 capacity for, to have no understanding, to 
 be powerless, ban nyi gdn, bu-nun ko-lo 
 md-Mu-ne if you have a ban, the snake 
 can do nothing; — ko-lo md-yd-ne not to 
 know, to be ignorant of; — ko-lo fSyom- 
 non the understanding is bewildered; — 
 ko-l6n (lit. receiving knowledge) s. under- 
 standing, intellect, comprehension; ability, 
 power; ko-lm nyim-bo a person of good 
 understanding, adj. sagacious; ko-ldn md- 
 nyin-num-bo a p. of slow comprehension, 
 weak understanding. 
 
 ko-gro, ko-gro-kun s. a sort of tree see 
 piir-gu ko-gro rip; the flower of the 
 above used to decorate the altar at the 
 offerings to the deity; 2. the rose Rosa, 
 ko-gro a-kuii s. a rose-bush. 
 
 ko-gr6 {-zo) s. a spec, of grain i. q. 
 tson-gro or taon-zo. 
 
 ko-ce ko-ce interj. mercy! 
 *ko-juk ge-bo fo s. a spec, of eagle ace. 
 M.; T. kyab-jug dge-ba? 
 
 ko y6n s. liberty, independence, liberty, 
 ko yon bam to be at liberty. 
 
 ko-lum s. 1. impotent or having the 
 appearance of impotence; td-dyil ko-lum 
 s. a barren woman 2. i. q. tyan-ma an 
 elephant with large body and small tusks 
 hence inferred, that he is weak in sexual 
 powers. 
 
 ko-hi (Parb. kohi') s. an eagle ace. M. 
 Haliaetus leucogaster; pa-zH ko-M id. 
 
 ko-hol s. (Newari: kahdl) a trumpet 
 a bugle, a horn, ko-hol fop vb. to play 
 a clarion, ko-hol mat vb. to blow a t.; 
 ko-hol mdt-bo s. a trumpeter, ko-hol pd- 
 lit (a-re-pdn giin jam) kdn ro rik-liin mat 
 to band instruments simultaneously i. e. 
 in tune: mlo-kdn lot rik-ld fo vb. to place 
 things regularly. 
 
 ko-wifi or ko-wen s. a spec, of cicada. 
 kok vb. to copy, to transscribe kok- 
 lim pi. 
 
 kok, a-kok adj. 1. old and tough said 
 of birds, Mk kok; birdlime dyok kok etc. 
 2. the outer part of bamboo, pd-kok 
 the stipules of grasses, trees etc. 
 
 kok; kiik-kd kok-kd sound as of beating; 
 
kon — kop 
 
 kop — *kor 
 
 27 
 
 kuk-kd kok-kd bUk vb. to beat with 
 numerous sounding blows. 
 
 koii vb. to be bent a little, to incline 
 to one side, to be out of the perpendi- 
 cular; kiin-kon-ld adv. aquiline as nose, 
 curved. 
 
 koii ace. W. 65 highest or preeminent 
 kon-lo-cu T. karl-cen dzo-na n. pr. of a 
 mountain W. 58 "the highest curtain of 
 the snow" n. pr. of a god, the g. of the 
 m. W. 65. s. the collar of the cloth 
 ta-go kon. 
 
 *kon T. skon s. the body of slaughtered 
 animals, spoken especially with reference 
 to the animal slaughtered as offering to 
 mun; ricm fat-ba kon kat fat at the time 
 of sacrificing to God an animal was 
 sacrificed, applied also to the body of 
 man or beast. 
 
 *kon-bu T. skan-pu s. a small bowl, 
 a cup. 
 
 kot expletive to fat: fam-kot explet. to 
 fam-nyot q. v. 
 
 kot, a-kot adj. 1. offensive, filthy, bad 
 (said of smell), 2. burnt flesh or hair; 
 a-kot fan or mat to burn flesh or hair; 
 a-kot novi smell of burnt flesh; kot ri- 
 nom s. an empyreumatical smell. — tam- 
 kot s. anything burnt or parched bearing 
 smell as of burnt meat. 
 
 kon kon flights as of clouds, whiffs as 
 of smoke, smell; pum-byon kon kon di 
 clouds to come in flights; mi kan kon 
 kon li smoke to come in whiffs; see 
 kan kan. 
 
 *kon-cok T. dkon-mcog s. the Buddhist 
 Triratna P. the supreme being, God. 
 
 kop vb. to join, to fasten as by placing 
 a piece on each side of, to fix together; 
 an-to kat-nun kat-ka kop to fix boards 
 on upon the other; kop-lun dam to fix 
 together. 
 
 kop vb. to be slow in anything, to be 
 tardy, sluggish, to be lazy, to be in- 
 active, to be indolent, supine, inert. — 
 kop-bo s. an indolent lazy person; a 
 dawdle, a person slow in anything; — 
 zuk-ba kop-bam to be a dawdle; ri/i li-ba 
 
 kop-bam etc.; kop-pd kop-pd 16m vb. to 
 walk lazily, sluggishly along. 
 
 kop; (see kon, kan) kop-pd kop-pd 
 puffs as of smoke, k. k. di to come in 
 puffs. 
 
 kom vb. 1. to put over shoulders as 
 shawl; dU7n kom s. a shawl, dum kom 
 kom to put on shawls (women in opp. pa 
 male). 2. to embrace round, to meet 
 round, to unite round. — kum-kom-ld adv. 
 covered over, wrapped up (as man in 
 cloak), 2. (see kiul-kon-ld') bent down, 
 also kun-koiii-lu. — kyom cans, to wrestle, 
 to embrace; a-kyom s. wrestling, a-kyo7n 
 Tnat vb. to wrestle. 
 
 kom, a-kom see ko. 
 
 kom, pa-kom or pur-kom s. a frame work 
 filled with earth made in raised houses 
 for a fireplace; a hearth stone, fireplace. 
 
 kom-bo, kom-fun s. leather (uutanned), 
 hide; kom-bo hra-non (girl) to have lost 
 her virginity Tbr. 
 
 *koP T. skor, kor; skor-ba see kor. *kor 
 T. skor s. 1. circle; kor-ka adv. around; 
 a cycle: lo-km' a c. of years, da-kor a c. 
 of months, sa-kor a c. of weeks i. e. a 
 month, za-kor a c. of days i. e. a week. 
 2. theme, subject; kor-ka adv. on account 
 of, for the sake of tin mi-no kd-ta kor- 
 ka md-go-ne and not for that nation only 
 J. 11. 52; according to, resembling, like. 
 
 *kor T. skor-ba vb. to go round, to 
 encompass, to surround, to encircle, to 
 begird J. 11. 54. kor-liin 16m or kor lom 
 vb. to walk round; li-ka kor kat lom to 
 walk round the house; also ^\.i. pradakU- 
 ni kar; — kor lam vb. to fly in circles; 
 
 — kor kd-kydk vun vb. to make seven 
 circuits; — kor da and kor da nyi to lie 
 in coils as snake, rope; — kor-lun di vb. 
 to circumvent; — rih kor-luh li vb. to 
 speak with circumlocution, periphrasis; 
 
 — sak-cin-ka kor bam or kor ciu to re- 
 volve in mind. — kor kyop vb. to compass. 
 
 kor-bo s. the periphery, the circle, the 
 surrounding part or party; kor-bo mun s. 
 the evil spirit of the place. — kor-ld adv. 
 circular, ambient; kor-ld nan to be sur- 
 
28 
 
 *kor-ju— *k6k 
 
 kdn— *k6n-Sd 
 
 rounded by, to be encompassed. — kdr- 
 rd kor-rd writhing, wriggling. 
 
 a-kor s. a circuit, a course km' g&n-ban 
 lot hron to walk out and return by a 
 circuit. 
 
 Comp. kor-ki s. a circle, a circum- 
 vention in warfare or hunting; kor-ki vut 
 yb. to anticipate the movements of enemy 
 or game by surrounding on every side. 
 kor-ten-ka adv. lit. on the side and all 
 around in behalf of, *kor-fik T. skor-fig 
 a pair of compasses. 
 
 kyor cans, of kor to surround, to cause 
 to surround; to encompass, to beset as 
 animals surrounded to be caught; fam- 
 cdn kyor; to surround a place with stones: 
 Idn-nun kyor: to barricade; to enfold, to 
 wrap up child; dum kyor swaddling 
 clothes, a wrapper; to cause to recur, to 
 repeat; kym'-lm li vb. to repeat; kyor-Uin 
 zuk to remake, to work again; to have 
 had it run round, to have its time or 
 course, see suk kyor, po kyor. 
 
 *kor-ju T. dkor-? vb. to prosper, to 
 flourish mim-nim zuk-fom-bo kor md-jii- 
 nd-so whosoever eats the bread of the 
 widow will not prosper. 
 
 kol vb. 1. to bend, to crook, to curve; 
 2. to be crooked; kol-nan crooked; kol-ld 
 bent, curved crooked; kd-kol-ld adv. 
 curved at end, hooked, a-kol adj. crooked. 
 
 *kd see *ka T. bku. 
 
 k(j nyo i. q. a-fo yd vb. to have a good 
 taste. 
 
 *kdk T. 'gag -pa vb. 1. to hinder, to 
 prevent, to prohibit, to stop, to make a 
 fence, to screen, to guard against. — 
 non-sdn kok vb. to hinder from going; 
 mi kok vb. to screen the fire; tuk-pol 
 kok vb. to make a fence; 2. to become 
 stiff, as from cold: hydn-sd kdk-no/i to 
 be hard, callous, to be unexorable, to be 
 rigid, obdurate, unfeeling, unsusceptible; 
 3. see kok, to be unyielding as clay for 
 making bricks etc., when there is too 
 little water; 4. to harden, coagulate, 
 concrete, to incrassate, to clot, vi kdk- 
 non the blood has coagulated. 
 
 kdk-bo 1. adj. hard, rigid, 2. s. im- 
 pediment, obstruction, prohibition, 3. a 
 stern, unyielding, obdurate person a-lut 
 kok-bo a hardhearted p.; an opposer, a 
 guard against, a protector, a defender. 
 
 a-kok adj. stiff (as hand from cold etc.), 
 stiff as mud or daugh not having properly 
 risen or fermented (as chi). — kok-lyan 
 (ad 1) s. a place of shelter or defense 
 an asylum, a place of refuge, a sanctuary. 
 
 kdn vb. to branch out; kun kon (tree) 
 to branch out; un kdn (water) to branch 
 out Gr. 2. 9; a-(^ur k&n antlers to b. out; 
 blti (lorn) kdn to branch out in ridges 
 (into roads); kon-lun gek vb. to branch 
 out into families; rin kon-lun li vb. to 
 br. out in speach, to discourse; kon di 
 i. q. a-cur di. — redupl. huh-kon-ld adv. 
 bent downwards; kun-kon-bo adj. aqui- 
 line. 
 
 Deriv. a-kon s. branch of a tree; hii- 
 nun a-kon kd-sti-ka nyi-ld a-pdt md pot 
 niim-bo gun-nd-ka nut dyen every branch, 
 in me that beareth not fruit he taketh 
 away J. 15. 2. the spout of a pot; 
 posterity; discourse; road. 
 
 *kdn -T. rkaii see kan. 
 
 *kdn T. gan{-ba) adj. full, replete in: 
 *kdn rik T. gan sgrig ("full, complete" 
 "to adjust") s. arrangement, adjustment, 
 settlement, regulation, organization, used 
 also in s. of compensation; kon lot-rik s. 
 compensation, recompence, requital, equi- 
 valency, remuneration; kon lot rik byi vb. 
 to give back accurately; kon lot rik mat 
 vb. to make compensation, to remunerate. 
 — kdn lot to or kon lot rik to id. — ^7?- 
 sOmi mlo-kon l6t-rik-bo return me accurately 
 my article, make me full compensation. 
 
 kdn-ka-na 1. a kind of hooked hoe si/^i- 
 ko; 2. a spec, of wheat kd-ce kdn-kd-na. 
 
 kdii te see te. 
 
 kdn-ki kun see kdn-k. k. 
 
 kdn-cen see kdn-c. 
 
 kdn-nd i. q. kdn-kd-na 2. 
 
 kdii pa-ha see kdn-p. k. 
 
 *kdn-Sd T. bska/is-bsags s. the perform- 
 ance of confession; kon-so toil vb. to give 
 
kdt-kdp 
 
 kdp — kdm 
 
 29 
 
 absolution by the confession of sins; kon- 
 sd mat Tb. to make confession, see also 
 s6k. 
 
 k(5t vb. to be contented, to be satiated 
 (with) J. to be gorged, glutted, to be 
 filled with kot tet zo or kot md kot fa vb. 
 to eat belly full, to be contented with, 
 to be satisj&ed with, kdt-/d byi or kot dut- 
 M mat vb. to satisfy. 
 
 a-kdt adj. satiated, filled to satiety; 
 a-kot zo vb. to eat to satiety. 
 
 kon s. side, direction, gyom kdn adv. 
 to the right; vim kdn to the left, pru kon 
 to the north, tsuk-lat kdn to the east; — 
 a-lem kdn in this direction, side in s. of 
 a party, faction; advly. postp. towards 
 go liu-kin dp I fired towards him. hii 
 pun-jum-kdn-ka dyu he fought on the 
 side of the enemy go-nun hi"i-ed kdn-ka U 
 I speak in his favour. — cause, reason; 
 account: ktip-pdn kdn-nOn hd-yu sdm 
 duk they were grieved because of the 
 children Ex. 1, 12. — m kdn- nun or m 
 kon-nun mat-lun: on what cause? what 
 side? regarding what? why? wherefore? 
 m kdn-nim jdk-kun-d or -bam-miin-gd 
 regarding what are you disputing? su 
 kdn-nun klo-ndn from what cause did it 
 fall, what occasioned it to fall? dr kdn- 
 nun on this account, therefore cfr. s. mil, 
 pe-lon, tai etc. 
 
 kdn-mo s. one on the side of, an actor, 
 an agent, a factor, kd-sii kdn-mo gi/m he 
 is my agent, my factor. 
 
 kdn vb. to let, to allow, to permit, to 
 suffer, to give leave, to induce; by affix- 
 ing the vb. kdn 1. the causal is formed: 
 buk-kdn to cause to beat; zuk-kdn to c. 
 to work; din- kdn to direct, to lead; — 
 2. the third person (object.) imperative is 
 formed: him ndn-kdn let him go; hiim 
 di-kdn let him come. 
 
 kdn vb. to taste; a-re kdn or a-re kdn 
 nak taste this mn-pu ydn kdn ndk to 
 taste to see, if it is nice. 
 
 kdp vb. 1. to be in concord, to har- 
 monize, to coincide, to be in unison one 
 with another, to agree together, to be of 
 
 one mind, to fraternize, 2. to be joined 
 together as man and wife; bydk hydp kdp 
 be united and live together in harmony. 
 kdp-ld adv. unitedly. 
 
 kydp cans, (in many phrases confused 
 with T. rgyab(-pa) 1. to fix, to attach, 
 to append, to join, to connect, to adhere; 
 2. to begin to work, to do, to make, to 
 cause, gives a trans, sense and is similar 
 to the Hindustani word lagdnd; go a-dom 
 kydp-so I'll give it to you. — a-rnik kydp 
 vb. to fix the eye upon, to look favour- 
 ably upon, to be pleased with, to feel 
 attachment for, a-mik md-kydp-ne to be 
 displeased with, to dislike, to disappoint 
 of, to feel antipathy towards. — dyok mat 
 kydp to begin work. — kor kydp to en- 
 close around, to surround, to fence round. 
 — t'e-tsv. kydp vb. to seal, to hii dyen-tutk- 
 rem lyo-ho-re-nini rum a-fd/i giim ydn fe- 
 tsii, kydp he that hath received his testi- 
 mony hath set to his seal that God is 
 true J. 3. 33. — pdr kydp T. par rgyah(^-pa) 
 to print, to attach type or printing. — hd- 
 kydp-nydn-to vb. to establish a covenant 
 Ex. — sd-nyim kydp vb. to go a begging P. 
 
 kdp s. a kind of trap for rat or any 
 animal, which by a falling weight kills 
 the rat, a-mo-re zo kdt-ba kdp-ka fdp re 
 zdil nydh the mother (pregnant), when 
 satiated with food, occasions (to the child) 
 a feeling, as if a kdp had fallen on it. 
 
 kdp, a-kdp s. a feather of bird, a f. of 
 wing or tail etc., a quill, tsdii-kdp the 
 feather of arrow; puh-kdp s. the large 
 feathers of wing of birds, a quill; pvii- 
 kdp nyu-gu s. a quill-pen. 
 
 kdp an explet. as kdp num-fyen ci fan 
 drink chi. 
 
 kdm s. 1. silver P. kdm Id/i. T. dnul; 
 kdm jii vb. to melt s.; kdm jii-set s. a 
 crucible for melting s.; kdm fok vb. to 
 work or malleate silver; — kdm Met adul- 
 terated s.; — kdm-sd a. silver. — 2. silver- 
 coin, money, a rupee; tam-pu i. q. ci 
 pdt Tbr. kdm fi ydn ndn-ne money comes 
 and goes. — kdm kat one piece of s.; 
 one rupee. 
 
30 
 
 kdm 
 
 kdm— kycin 
 
 kom cin-bo s. a miser; — kom nyim-ho 
 s. a possessor of money; — k&ni Mn-bo 
 one possessed of m. — kom fan vid-bo- 
 nd-ba lyot md-ayit-ne no liberation till 
 money is paid. — kom kor bam to cir- 
 culate money. — kom cik vb. 1. to pay 
 money; 2. to -weigh m. — kdm-nyo bi 
 to lend money; kom nyo lyd to borrow 
 ra. — kom top to get to find or earn m. 
 
 — kom pld vb. to issue m. — kdm fiydt 
 vb. to keep back m. — kom bi vb. to 
 pray m. — kom tsu kydp vb. to count m. 
 
 — kom tsun vb. to heap up m. — kom 
 lam bi vb. to return loan. — kdm-zuk-bo 
 i. q. kom kar-bo s. a silversmith. — kom 
 lit vb. to have abundance of m. — kom 
 mok vb. to expend m.; kom mok-ydm-bo 
 s. a spendthrift. — kom vyik vb. to handle 
 or turn over s. — kdm Mn fat vb. to 
 waste m.; kdm Mn ndn to be foolishly 
 expended; kdm-mn-bo s. a spendthrift; 
 
 — kdm mk fo vb. to coin m. — kdm dp 
 vb. to sound money. — 3. white kdm 
 vik opp. jer-vik white tusks of elephant, 
 ivory. 
 
 Comp. kdm hip 1. i. q. kdm-sd a-kiip 
 s. interest of money, kdm-{sd) {a-)mo 
 principal; kdm kiip gek the increase of m.; 
 2. a small piece of silver, a little m. — 
 kdm-ku s. a silver image; — kdm td-gip- 
 bii s. a purse J. — kdm tUn-krdk s. a spec, 
 of fern. — kdm t'dn-kUt s. a silver fringe. 
 
 — kdm fam-bik s. the Cassidae spec, of 
 coleopterous insects see jer f. b. — kdm- 
 *nor s. wealth. — kdm-pum-bo s. a s. 
 drinking-vessel. — kdm-pdt s. 1. the in- 
 terest, 2. silver pdt explet. kdm-pdt-ka 
 Idk vb. to cast s. — kdm pdt i. q. k. lo-n. 
 kdm po-tya s. a piece of s. set in coral. 
 
 — kdm- f ram s. a necklace of s. beads. 
 
 — kdm-bdn s. the capital of m. — kdm- 
 mo 8. see under kdm-kup. — kdm-zdt s. 
 a treasury. — kdm-yd s. silver-plating; 
 k. y. kydp vb. to plate k. y. t'dm-bo adj. 
 plated. — kdvi lun-kut s. silver-wire. — 
 kdm-ldn s. money; silver. — kdm-sdn s. 
 s. -plating; k. s. kydp vb. to plate; k. s. 
 kydp fdm-bo a. plated. — kom-a-lun s. 
 
 credit of m. — kdvi-un T. dnul-cu s. 
 quicksilver, mercury. 
 
 kdm vb. to curdle as milk, to con- 
 crete, to coagulate, incrassate, jellify, to 
 coalesce, to clot to solidity, nyen mak 
 kdm or kdm-ndn the cream has formed; 
 Ua kdm-ndn the wax has become thick, 
 has concreted; vi kdm-ndn the blood has 
 coagulated, a-kdm adj. boiled dry (as 
 rice) clotted, inspissated zo a-kdm, man 
 a-kdm, see also ko. 
 
 kdr vb. to scratch, to scrape the earth 
 (as y fowl with foot), nydt zuk-ba num- 
 sim-nyo hik zo ddn-re zdn fdt kdr-md-o 
 man wheii preparing field (for food) 
 scrapes the earth like a fowl in search 
 of food. 
 
 kdl vb. to have imperfection in speach, 
 to lisp, a-li kdl vb. to lisp. 
 
 kdl vb. to insert, to stick into i. q. SrrfZ 
 to probe, kdl-cdt; td-li kdl-cdt to have a 
 severe stomach-ache lit. as if a spoon 
 was pushed into the stomach. 
 
 kdl-kun s. the walnut-tree Juglandacea, 
 Juglans regia Hooker 1, 338. 
 
 kdl-pdt s. a walnut; kdl-pot tyok vb. to 
 break w.; kdl-pdt cuk the kernel; kdl-pdt 
 fok the outer shell; kdl-pdt fop the inner 
 skin, testa; M-po'f ^z the epicarp; kdl-pdt 
 gryd the tryma; kdl-bdn (kol-bon) "walnut- 
 tree foundation" n. pr. of a L. village. 
 "W. 71. kdl s. a spec, of fern kdl tiin- 
 krdk, kdl bi s. a spec, of fern. — kdl-pdt 
 ace. Hooker 2, 198. Stauntonia. 
 
 kya s. a large balance, scales; kyd-ka 
 or kyd-niin cik or kyd-ka tek or fek-ndk 
 vb. to weigh in do. kyd sdn scales and 
 weights; 2. (L, alphabet) the sign v 
 suffixed y: kyd, etc. dya. 
 
 kya; kd-kyd-ld adv. drenched, wringing 
 un-nun kd-kyd-ld sal to be drenched with 
 water; vi-nun kd-kyd-ld sdl to be welter- 
 ing in blood. 
 
 kyak see kd-kydk seven; kydk tap 
 seventeen. 
 
 kydn (cfr. I.yari-po) 1. to be light (not 
 heavy) as matter, body; bii. kydn a light 
 load; md-zit kydn-bo light of body; 2. easy, 
 
kyan— kycip 
 
 kyam kyal — kyak 
 
 31 
 
 facile; 3. good, kind (disposition) affec- 
 tionate, sak-cin kydn-bo or a-liit kydn-ho 
 a good, kind disposition, a-kydn adj. light, 
 not heavy (as body also as mind). M. 30. 
 
 kyan, a-kyaii, tun-kyaii s. a corner, an 
 angle; kydrl-ka nan vb. to sit in a corner. 
 tim-kydh mun an evil spirit of great ma- 
 lignity and power from whose obstacles 
 there is no escape. 
 
 kyat vb. 1. to raise up carefully, kydt- 
 Id tsun vb. to raise up at once without 
 shuffling; hjdt-ld adv. straightway, lightly, 
 unhesitatingly; kydt-ld tyiik vb. to spring 
 up lightly; kydt-ld noh vb. to go straight- 
 way; kydt-ld li vb. to feel light, cheer- 
 ful. 2. to strip off as grain off ear of 
 corn, leaves off branch. 
 
 kyat (%eO vb. to be quiet; powerless, 
 incapable, unarmed, incompetent; kydt-ld 
 at rest, in tranquility, kydt-ld da vb. to 
 lie at rest, to be calm, to be tranquil, 
 to be placed, kydt-ld havi-md pax vobis- 
 cum Chr. ; so-nap-ka kydt-ld da nyi or 
 so-nap-ka kydt-ld the tranquil rest ob- 
 tained at night or the tranquility of n. 
 
 a-kydt (a-kijet) s. 1. ease, quiet, tranquil- 
 ity; sabbath Chr. 2. safety P. 18. — 
 a-kydt-td nan vb. to live at ease i. e. 
 without working. — a-kydt tap vb. to 
 obtain tranquility. — a-kydt lyan-ka gek 
 vb. to be born in a land of peace. — a-%ai 
 mat vb. to rest Ex. a-kydt hyo mat 
 bam vb. to remain at rest, to live at 
 ease. — a-kydt-sd 16m s. a safe road opp. 
 to a-fydn lorn. — (a-)kydt-(a-')dyan rest, 
 ease, repose; peace P. 
 
 *kydn incorr. i. q. kyon q. v. 
 
 *kydn T. rkyen s. (occasion; event, 
 cause, circumstance; calamity) see also 
 *kyem; fate, divination, destiny, kydn-sd 
 CO s. a book of fate; kyan ndk or mat 
 vb. to look into the book of fate; kydn 
 ndk-ho or k. ydm-bo s. a diviner P.; sd- 
 hor kydn ndk-bo s. an astrologuer; kydn 
 bup vb. for book of fate to prove false, 
 kydn fan to prove true. 
 
 ky^p vb. to chuck, to chirp as young 
 chicken, to cluck. 
 
 kyam kyal see kdl waddling, ambling 
 k. k. lorn to go waddling along; k. k. ddn 
 to amble. 
 
 *kydm-hyat T.rgya-bskyed(-pa) s. 1. ex- 
 aggeration, hyperbole; imagination, fancy, 
 fiction, romance; go-ni/n kydm-hydt-re zdn 
 ruk-nyam mat-re zdn nyon-te yo-ban md- 
 tsu-ne because it may be considered ro- 
 mance and falsehood therefore I do not 
 record it. kydm-hydt vydt vb. to con- 
 jecture, to suppose, to imagine; kydm- 
 hydt mat-liin hyperbolically. — 2. vb. to 
 follow up the conjecture or idea, hence 
 to track, to follow by trick to essay, to 
 divine, to spy. ku-ju-niin mdn ri-sd 
 kydm-hydt non-bam the dog is following 
 the game by sent; — kydm-hydt-bo s. one 
 who conjectures, a diviner, a romancer, 
 a tracer, a tracker, a spy, a scout. 
 
 kyar see kar see tsiik-kydr. 
 
 kyar-kd Hind, carka s. a cotton-carding 
 wheel. 
 
 kyar-bo kuii s. name of tree-wood used 
 for carving images; ace. M. Berberis 
 nepalensis. 
 
 kyar s. the button that retains the 
 thread on spindle kd-fydr-sd kyar s. the 
 button of k. f. 
 
 kyal vb. see kar, kydr, to twist round 
 and tie as hair a-tsom kydl to tie up 
 mouth of bag; tuii-gip kydl; twisting 
 round the neck and drawing it to a knot. 
 
 kyal see gydl. 
 
 kyal vb. to smooth or shave off as 
 sharp edges or roughness pd-li kydl vb. 
 to smooth e. of p. 
 
 kya; kya kya touching, handling, a-kd 
 kya kya mat vb. to handle, to touch 
 every thing as children, o-re su mat kya 
 kya mat-tiin-d why are you meddling 
 with that. 
 
 kyak s. a cane-ladder (tiin-gron), rope 
 (tuk-po-sd kyak), ladder, flexible 1. for 
 descending precipice to obtain the honey 
 from the bee's nest; kyak yet vb. to 
 descend p. vot tsam-sdn-ka kyak sd-gor- 
 ka glydt to let the ladder down the 
 precipice te secure the bees. 
 
32 
 
 kyak— kyiim 
 
 kyum — *kye-bo 
 
 kyak; kyak-kd kyak-kd adhesive, sticky 
 as clay, plaster. 
 
 kyaii vb. to be extremely cold, to freeze, 
 to chill, uh kyan-non the water is frozen; 
 a-re uh Qiydn) tdn-ba a-fo kyan byi when 
 I drink this (cold), water it chills my 
 teeth. 
 
 redupl. kiift-kyan {la) expresses with 
 fd-vi extreme exhaustion of body, mind 
 or sound, fd-vi kun-kyah li vb. to feel 
 utterly prostrated in mind and body; 
 a-sut kiin-kyah-ld fyo to hear sound very 
 faintly. 
 
 kyap vb. to be turned, twisted as tail, 
 to hang in curled or twisted manner, to 
 hang down (as face) a-mlem kyap-ld mat 
 vb. to have a downward hang dog-look 
 Tbr.; kyap-lu mat vb. to turn, to curl 
 as tail, kd-ju-sd tuk-sim kyap-ld mat. 
 
 kyam-ka (obsolete) on account of, for, 
 for the sake of, i. q. kor-ka, a-do kyam-ka 
 for you. 
 
 kyam vb. to be quiet, to be still, to 
 be calm, to be quiescent, to be smooth; 
 a-lom md-kyom-niin kyam-ld ham do not 
 keep wandering in this manner, remain 
 quiet, kyam-ld bam-md-o remain quiet. 
 un-dd-re kyam mat da-nyi or un-dd kyam- 
 ld da-nyi the sea is smooth, sd-kyam-ld 
 adv. gently, quietly, silently, tacitly. 
 
 kyal-bo s. a bag, a leathern bag, a 
 knapsack. 
 
 *kyih-kor T. dkyil-kor Skt. mandala. 
 kyit see kit under ki. 
 kyu (see a-kdi) s. a measure of about 
 a span; kd-kyu a span, space from end 
 of thumb to first knuckle of forefinger 
 closed. 
 
 kyup vb. to seize hold of, as child mother 
 to clasp (as kite a fowl), to embrace, to 
 hoop, to fix, to clasp round, to encircle. 
 a-kyu-p s. a ring, cordon, cincture, hoop 
 kd-kyiip a ring. 
 
 kyum 1. to be tightly or closely twist- 
 ed (ki) hlyot-lun kyum vb. to twist 
 (cotton) tightly together tuk-po kyum-ld 
 nyok to twist string tightly. 2. to per- 
 severe in, to persist in, to return to 
 
 a subject (as when twisting thread) to 
 argue. 
 
 kyum deriv. fr. rkyen the subject or 
 argument of a speach, rin kyum the sub- 
 ject argument of conversation. 
 
 kyum (see kyam) s. an indisturbed 
 place, abode; lyah kyiim; man kyum, ham 
 kon to preserve game; ua or no kyiim 
 to preserve fish. 
 
 kyul (also ML) cfr. T. sgril-ba vb. to 
 flow^ round, to embrace, to hug, to en- 
 circle; tuk-tok kyiil to embrace, to hug 
 round neck P. 36a. 
 
 kyu; adv.: kd-kyu-ld unwashed, dirty, 
 filthy, unclean, kyu-kuh s. i. q. kd-sum- 
 ku/i T. Ma-sa skyag fr. a saying that the 
 leaves make the barking deer vomit. 
 
 kyun s. 1. a cradle, a hammock Ex. 
 kyun nydk vb. to rock cradle; dUm^kyun 
 s. a hammock for sick people or for 
 children, the L. cradle being a hammock. 
 2. womb, kyuii nok the womb, kyun nok 
 zuk-bo the goddess of procreation i. q. 
 nd-zoh nyo rum. 
 kyut incorr. f. kydt. 
 
 kyum, a-kyum explet. to kydt, a-kydt 
 kyum consecrated: hik kyum pyel a con- 
 secrated fowl, kept as an offering to a 
 deity. 
 
 kyum kyum (see kyam) a halting gait; 
 k. k. lorn vb. to go along in a halting 
 manner. 
 
 *kye T. skyes s. a present, ke so noh 
 vb. to send a present. 
 
 *kye, kf T. skye-ha hou. to be born. 
 *kye T. 'kye-ha vb. 1. to dissolve, to 
 break up, to separate; zum-bo kye-n&n the 
 meeting is dissolved; 2. to be scattered; 
 3. to depart. — kye-ld adv. in s. of in- 
 stantly, momentarily kye-ld hi vb. to get 
 a glimpse of, to see for an instant sd- 
 lyiip tet. sd-lydp kye md-yd-nd-ha quicker 
 than lightening.— /t^e-jno s. a peace-maker, 
 one who separates persons fighting, kye- 
 mo mat vb. to separate persons fighting, 
 kye-mo mat-bo s. a peace-maker. 
 kye vb. to be awry said of mouth. 
 *kye-bo T. rkyal-pa or rkyal-bu s. a 
 
kyen— kyok 
 
 kyok — kyon 
 
 33 
 
 skill for holding water: un kye-bo Hind. 
 viasak. can kye-bo s. a leathern wine-bag. 
 
 kyen see under kaii. 
 
 *kyen T. sky en vb. to be shy, to be 
 ashamed, to be modest. 
 
 *kyen T. gyan s. a wall, an enclosure 
 kyen-sd li wall of house, *sa-kyen a mud- 
 wall. 
 
 kyeii, kyen-nd kyen-nii shrill, sharp as 
 sound kyen-iid kyen-iul lik vb. to call in 
 a shrill voice. 
 
 kyet see kydt. 
 
 *kyen in comp. ''kyem T. skyen(^-pa) 
 hasty, swift, quick: kyevi-bo, adj. agile 
 (an agile person), speedy, swift; one who 
 essays, attempts, endeavours, kyem- tan 
 T. skyen-don s. swiftness, agility, prompti- 
 tude, attempting, endeavouring, striving, 
 exerting, kyem-tdn mat vb. to be agile 
 etc.; to endeavour, to strive, to exert, 
 to labour. 
 
 kyep vb. to add to, to multiply, to ex- 
 tend, to enlarge, to magnify, kyep-lim to 
 vb. to add to; kyep tyol mat vb. to make 
 accession to, to increase, to augment, to 
 reinforce. 
 
 *kyeni in comp. f. T. rkyen see *kydn 
 ^da-kyem T. bdag-rkyen s. reward, re- 
 compense. 
 
 *kyeni in comp. f. kyen q. v. 
 
 kyer see tsuk-kyer or fo. kydr. 
 
 kyel see kydl. 
 
 kyo, ka-kyo s. barley; kyo td-i ku s. 
 barley-bread; d/i-kup kyo td-i Eu fd-no- 
 sd no nydt bfin-bo kat a-ba nyi there is 
 a lad here, which hath five barley-loaves 
 and two small fishes J. 6. 9. 
 
 *kyo T. skyo-ba vb. to be mournful, 
 to be unhappy, to be in misery, to be 
 out of repair, to be dilapidated (as 
 house). 
 
 *kyo-mi s. T. skyobs and mif hon. an 
 arbitrator, investigator; a lawgiver. 
 
 kyok (cfr. T. 'kyug-paf) vb. to move 
 hands up and down as in digging, to drive 
 into forcibly mon kyok vb. to vaccinate; 
 fat tun-gydl-sd kyok to scrap ground with 
 t., to dig; nyen kyok to churn milk; prlt 
 
 kyok to hew with axe; to pick; fo kyok 
 the bird picks. 
 
 kyok vb. to be crooked, curved, to wind 
 as river, road; adj. crooked: pun-jen kyok 
 an iron ladle; kd-kyok adj. oval-shaped; 
 winding, kyak-kd kyok-kd crooked as tree, 
 path etc.; met. to be incorrect as language, 
 also used in s. of mind to be turned, to 
 be distressed or to be irritated, to be 
 disordered, used in comp. with lo\ also 
 without the lo as an hon. term for "wrath" 
 rum kyok God to be wrath, likewise with 
 fw as hon. t., thus: pd-no t'u kyok the king 
 is exasperated. 
 
 kyon, a-kyon s. frost, snow. 
 
 *kyon T. rkyon(-ba) (to stretch out) 
 kuii-kyon-iid adv. about here and there, 
 k.-kyoii-iid noil vb. to go hither and 
 thither. 
 
 kyon s. (cfr. T, klun river, ace. M. fr. 
 *Aj/0/>i to stretch out) a river, a stream; 
 bla kyon ser nan-bo lyaii a land inter- 
 sected by ridges and rivers; hu td-bdk- 
 nun ur'i a-zum-sd kyon-sdn pld-so out of 
 his belly shall flow rivers of living water 
 J. 7. 38; — uA-kyon s. a running stream, 
 a river; im e-den-niin uii-kyoh kat siii- 
 rem un sdl-kdn-sd it-ka pld-bdn o-ba-nun 
 rit-liiii un-kon fd-li nun-non and a river 
 went out of E. to water the garden; and 
 from thence it was parted and became 
 into four heads G. 2. 10. 
 
 kyofi s. (cfr. T. groi'i, ace. M. fr. *kyon 
 to stretch out) a town, a village W. 71 
 li-kyoh; pd-no kyon the kings city; kyoii 
 a-lem s. a row of houses one behind an- 
 other M. kyoii tel s. the end of village M. 
 
 kyon vb. (p. kyo7i) to labour hard, 
 to toil, to exert one'self at work, md-ro 
 kyoii an active and diligent person; to 
 be poor: md-ro jan-kyoH-bo M. 146 jan- 
 kyon-bo J. 12. 4. an indigent person, 
 a-jdn a-kyon the poor; see also kydn kyon 
 (fr. kyoit like non fr. 7i6n) to be hurt, 
 to be injured, to be blemished, to have 
 defect, sd-dydr mi bu-wiiii-sd hii-nvn kyon- 
 non he was hurt by the bursting of a 
 gun; sd-fdii-nihi bik kyon-non the cow is 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 kyoft-sa— kyor 
 
 hurt by tiger; bu-min kyon to be hurt 
 by snake. — on kyon the horse is un- 
 sound mlo kyon the thing is spoiled, see 
 also *kyon 2. 
 kyoii-sa myar bik a spec, of warp. 
 kyot incorr. f. kydt q. v. 
 kyon see kyon. 
 
 *kyon 1. T. rkyen s. cause, occasion, ac- 
 count; kyon o-re-nvn mat-ba thro' that 
 cause, on that account; quality: kyon 
 a-ryum good quality; kyon a-jan bad 
 quality, see *kyem. 
 
 *kyon 2. T. skyon s. fault, defect, damage; 
 sin, vicious quality; md-kyon-nd there is 
 no fault, it does not matter; kyon-nyim- 
 bo unsound, impure; kyon md-nyin-num- 
 bo without defect, stainless, immaculate; 
 kyon mat-bo s. a mischief-maker; — *kyon 
 to T. skyon 'doffs(-pa) vb. to calumniate, 
 td-do a-mik-ka kyon md-to-ne vb. not to 
 see the beam that is in one's own eye. 
 — kyon diin vb. to speak scandal, to 
 slander, to defame, to tell tales; kyon 
 dun-bo s. a telltale, a scandal -monger, 
 a traducer. 
 
 *kyon (and kydn incorr.) 3. T. bkyon vb. 
 to reprove, to rebuke, to reprimand, to 
 reprehend. 
 
 kyop vb. see /top, to be slow, lazy, tardy 
 caused by sickness; ddk-nim kyop-n6n\ 
 kyop kyop to be slow in doing anything; 
 kyop kyop I6m. i. q. I6m-ba kyop-bo to be 
 slow in walking as sick man. kyop-bo 
 s. one reduced to a supine state, tun- 
 kyop adj. slow; tun-kyop-sd md-ro a slow 
 person. 
 
 kyom see kom. 
 kyor see kor. 
 
 kyor vb. to be mean, low, dirty-look- 
 ing, to be out of repair, to be dilapidat- 
 ed; U kyor a dirty house; mik kyor s. 
 matter of eye. kd-kyor-bo adj. mean, low, 
 dirty-looking md-ro kd-kyor-bo a black- 
 guardly looking p. 
 
 kyor see under kyol, appears to mean 
 the sound made by things falling as 
 water kyor -r a dydn, un kyor-rd dydn.^ 
 kyor tat-non. 
 
 kyol— kydn 
 
 kyol vb. to mix, to mingle, to stir to- 
 gether as tea, to infuse; nyen-sd un kyol 
 vb. to mix water with milk. — kyol tol 
 vb. to mix, kyol-fol-bo s. a mixture J. 19. 
 39. — kyol-ld undividedly, wholly; kyol-ld 
 hyul vb. to swallow down whole without 
 masticating, kyul-ld kyol-ld hyul id. — 
 kydl-ld kyol-ld id.; kyol-ld or kydl-ld 
 kyol-ld or kydl-ld kyol glo vb. to fall plump 
 (into water). — a-kyol adj. s. mixed, a 
 mixture. 
 
 kyd see pd-kyo (steps, stairs). 
 kyd vb. to take out as with spoon, to 
 ladle out. 
 
 kydk adj. handsome, elegant, comely; 
 md-ro kyok-nyim-bo a good-looking, hand- 
 some person. 
 
 *kydn T. rkyan s. the wild ass of Tibet. 
 *kydn T. rkyan Q-pn) simple, single, 
 dum kydn s. a s. sheet of cloth; un- 
 mixed, plain. 2. straightway (i-wun-sd 
 hii kydn lot non on arriving he straight- 
 way returned. 
 
 kydn vb. 1. to be distressed, to be 
 afflicted P., difficult, inexplicable, to 
 be bewildering, see mon kyon, rin kyon; 
 2. to squeak, to jabber as monkey sd- 
 hu kyon. 
 
 kydn see kon. 
 
 kydn vb. to be glutinous, to be viscid; 
 kydn kydn or kyin-nd kydn-nd adhesive, 
 sticky; kydn kydn glo vb. to fall as treacle. 
 kydn vb. (pret. of kydn) to suffer, to feel, 
 to undergo pain or suffering; duk kydn 
 to undergo suffering, kydn- bo wretched, 
 miserable, an unfortunate being; a-kydn s. 
 deterioration; kydn to vb. to feel sympathy; 
 kydn dydk (dydk see ddk) often pronoun- 
 ced ten dydk M. 1. vb. to feel pity for, to 
 pity, to be merciful, to feel compassion 
 for go-nun a-dotn kydn dydk I pity you. 
 2. s. compassion, kydn-dydk yd vb. to 
 know compassion, to be compassionate, 
 to be merciful; kydn-dydk ydm-bo a com- 
 passionate person, merciful; kydn-dydk 
 md yd-num-bo merciless, unfeeling, in- 
 sensate, hard-hearted, cruel. 3. to be an 
 object of pity, kydn dydk-bo a merci- 
 
kydp— kra 
 
 krak — *kra-gan 
 
 able wretch, pitiable object. 4. misery, 
 wretchedness, kyon dydk-kd alas for, woe; 
 ryu-ld mat-dun gan-la sak-cin-ka ryu-wun 
 md-fyak-num-bo-sdn ,ky6n-dydk-ka woe 
 into those, who speak good but who 
 possess not a good spirit. P. 
 
 kyon-dyit (see d% "to cause a painful 
 feeling to come") kydn-dyit never ten-d. 
 ace. M. (see kyon-dydk) s. mercy, com- 
 passion, pity, sympathy, vb. to have com- 
 passion; kyon-dyit-sd sak-cin-nun thro' 
 feelings of pity or from motives of com- 
 passion. — kyon-dyit ydm-bo a merciful 
 man. kyon-dyit-ydm-bo td-do fam-cdn-ka 
 kyon-dyit mat a merciful man is merciful 
 unto his beast; kyon-dyit mat vb. to show 
 mercy, pity, sympathy. — kyon-dyit mat- 
 lii/'i a-zom byi ce pray have compassion 
 on me and give me food. 
 
 kydp see kop. 
 
 kydn; vb. 1. to be one upon another, 
 to cover (as horse or any animal in 
 copulation); kyom bam copulare. 2. to 
 be united or act in concert (two), a-kyom 
 s. embracing, copulation. 
 
 kydr vb. to be moist as rice (over- 
 boiled), to be wet, sloughy as mud, kyor-rd 
 kyor-rd thin, too thin, soft from moisture; 
 sd-kyor id. sd-kyor ayit fop s. a spec, of 
 small red butterfly tydk tuk-nyom. 
 
 kydl vb. to blunder, to mistake, to err 
 to confound, go kydl I mistook, I erred, 
 hu kydl mat he made a mistake; to mis- 
 take for fam-cdn o-re ti krdk-liin lyan-sd 
 kydl-ndn that animal being so monstrous 
 was mistaken for laud P.: hlo-sd kyol- 
 sum-bo no. — kydl, tun -kydl s. an error, 
 mistake, blunder, misconception kydl-re- 
 ka lat vb. to fall into error. 
 
 kydl see under nio corrupt, fr. kyoU q.v. 
 
 kra the diacritical sign j corresponding 
 to the English r and affixed to the follow- 
 ing eight letters k, g, n, p, f, b, m, h. 
 
 kra (old L., obsol.) krd-ka 1. at the 
 present time, just, now, kdm krd-ka md- 
 nyin-ne I have no money at present; 
 2. quickly, directly, straightway krd kra 
 id. hik-niin zo-rem M-wiin-sd krd krd t'i 
 
 on seeing the rice the fowl came directly 
 to it. krd-ld Uydk vb. to cross over so 
 as to arrive quickly instead of going 
 round: tak-pdl krd-ld hydk to cross over 
 fence. 
 
 krak or krak vb. to shake off, to brush 
 oif as carpet, when shaking out dust, krak 
 dydn vb. to shake off i. q. mik krap sdk. 
 
 krak onom. krdk krdk chucking as hen 
 desirous of laying eg^. krdk-kd krdk-kd 
 rustling (as paper); krdk-kd krdk-kd mat 
 vb. to rustle. 
 
 krak vb. to be active, to be prompt, 
 assiduous, quick in doing anything, in 
 opp. a-yut sluggish; ayok-ka krdk to be 
 active to work. 2. to be obedient; krdk- 
 bo 1. an active person, 2. an obedient p. 
 md-rd krdk-bo. 
 
 kd-krdk from hand to hand kd-krdk 
 bu-ndh to pass from one to another. 
 
 kran; kuii-krdh-ld stooping, k. k.-ld Idm 
 vb. to walk stoopingly. 
 
 krat vb. cfr. hrit, krat, to comb as hair, 
 to rake, scratch, to dress or card as 
 woollen garments; a-tsdm krdt to comb 
 hair, to tear meat with teeth, krdt-bo 
 s. one who combs; a comb, a rake, krdt- 
 ddk U vb. to feel raking pains. 
 
 kran; kun-krdn-ld adv. thin and ugly; 
 illfavoured; almost bare (tree), scanty, 
 said of head with little hair or tree with 
 leaves and not bearing much fruit. 
 
 krdm, a-krdm adj. without incumbency, 
 or children, free. 
 
 krdi vb. to pick (as ear) etc. a-nyor 
 krdl to p. ear; tiik-ndm krdl to p. nose; 
 a-fo pd-tin-sd krdl vb. to p. teeth with 
 toothstick; 7ni krdl vb. to pick out live 
 ashes; krdl dot vb. to pick out (as out 
 of hole). 
 
 kra vb. to become insipid, bad and 
 flavourless, said of ci: ci kra ndn. kra 
 kra met. idle, lazy, careless, headless, 
 indifferent. 
 
 *kra T. skra hon. s. the hair: u-kra 
 T. dbu-skra. 
 
 *kra-gan or kra-gen T. grags rgan s. an 
 honorary terra for an old man. 
 
36 
 
 *kra-t§(5n— *kran-iik 
 
 *kra-tsdn T. grva-Pan s. a priests abode, 
 a hermitage; kra-t>6n-mo s. a monk M. 
 
 *kra-SO T. grm-sa or grags-sa; kra-so 
 md-dok-mrn-sd lyan -a place unequalled 
 in celebrity. M. 
 
 *kra-si T. bkra-sis s. blessing, con- 
 secration, honour, dignity, respect, re- 
 verence; kra-si kyop or mat vb. to con- 
 secrate; to respect, to revere, to glorify; 
 li-ka kra-si mat vb. to consecrate build- 
 ing; kra-si tsok vb. to receive blessing 
 or consecration; kra-si na-sd mat vb. 1. to 
 counsel as yuk vwn, 2. to consecrate to 
 office, the L.'s use kra-U in sense of 
 virtue, behaviour, good conduct, also as 
 a verb (neg.) kra md-U-ne to be virtue- 
 less, to be illbehaved, useless, kra-sim- 
 bo i. q. ryum-ho adj. virtuous, good, use- 
 ful, kra-sim-bo viin-ta tsen-sd mat vb. to 
 give or invest with office, to inaugurate. 
 
 Comp. kra-si Ken-dydii T. bkra-sis kye- 
 'dren n. pr. one of Ta-se's wives P. 
 
 krak i. q. krdk. 
 
 *krak-tsu T-. brag-cuf s. petroleum, 
 naphtha; pitch Ex. 
 
 kran vb. to be strong on legs, to be 
 able to walk; lom kran-bo a good strong 
 walker. 
 
 Deriv. kd-kran-lu adv. arms stretched 
 (from side); kd-kran-ld din to stand in 
 that manner; — kiiii-krun-nd apart, straddl- 
 ing (as legs); km-kran-hd din vb. to stand 
 with legs apart. — kin'i-hun-iid nan vb. 
 to sit astride or with legs apart; kn/l- 
 kran-nd to vb. to place straddlewise as 
 two sticks thus A. — tun-krah s. a support 
 for legs; po tuh-kran stilts, ijio tun-kran- 
 ka lom vb. to walk on stilts; tun-kran 
 hri s. a chair. — kruii-rik s. a creeper. 
 Clematis smilacifolia. 
 
 krat vb. to have pointed edges, to be 
 toothed as saw, to be ragged at edges 
 (as cloth) cfr. krdt\ pd'kvat ragged, tooth- 
 ed, pointed. 
 
 *kran-rik T. 'dra-sgrig s. miscellaneous 
 stores; kran-rik mat or mat-t'o vb. to 
 make preparations, to provide stores, to 
 get things ready. 
 
 *kran-cet— krfk 
 
 *kran-cet T. 'gran-byed s. emulations, 
 rivalship; kran-cet mat vb. to rival, to 
 vie with, to emulate. 
 
 krap vb. to be too short as clothes. 
 
 krap vb. to be adhesive, to stick to- 
 gether, to be sticky; krap krap or hrap- 
 pd krap-pd adv. sticky, adhesive; krap-ld 
 1. adhesive 2. together, krap-ld tsam vb. 
 to catch together as two or more things. 
 mik krap vb. to sleep. 
 
 kram vb. to shake as straw after thresh- 
 ing; zo kram to shake up and down, to 
 winnow; to thresh corn by dancing on 
 it kram mat; — kram-bo s. 1. a winnow- 
 ing basket, 2. salt Tbr. 
 
 Deriv. td-kram s. a dancing festivity 
 at the harvest; td-kram mat vb. to dance 
 and make merry (harvest-home), td-kram 
 mat-bo s. any thing very nice, luxury Tbr. 
 
 kram ; kum-kram-ld short with shagged 
 head as tree, thickly headed and short, 
 see krii, kriim, kri. 
 
 *kram-su probly from T. dgra-mcu or 
 Eam-su brawling, contention. 
 
 *kram-ze ri-bo T. sgra-cef i. q. *an- 
 lop q. V. 
 
 krf; kd-kri-bo adj. 1. dishevelled (as 
 hair), 2. small, dwarfish (as boy), see 
 krti, kriim, kram. 
 
 kri, a-kri s. twigs covered with bird- 
 lime for catching birds fo-kri. 
 
 *kri T. gri s. a knife. 
 
 krf, krf-m to be bitter Ex. 15, 23. 
 krim-bo, a-krim acrid, bitter (as food or 
 speach); t'am-kri s. anything bitter. 
 
 kri chipped; sd-gry6n kri see sd-grydn; 
 a-krit adj. chipped (as a bason), jagged, 
 notched; pd-krit id. 
 
 *kri-bo or kri-po T. dril-bu Skt. ghantd 
 s. a bell, *kri-cen T. dril-cen a large b., 
 *kri-cun T. dril-cun a small b., kri-bo li 
 the tongue of b., kri-bo nydk vb. to ring 
 bell. 
 
 krfk, a-krik s. 1. the lower jaw, inferior 
 maxillary 2. the extremity of bow sd-li 
 krik. a-krik cap vb. to smack the lips; 
 — a-krik cum vb. to have the teeth set 
 on edge by anything sour or s. contraction 
 
krfk— *krip 
 
 krfm — kruk kuii 
 
 37 
 
 of mouth from anything astringent; — 
 a-krik fiim-vyain-ld the lower lip or the 
 chin protruding as the face of an old 
 man; — a-krik tyu vb. to eat; — a-krik 
 md-vyan-nvn hold jour jaw. 
 
 krfk s. small particle applied to stone 
 Idn krik a small stone, gravel. 
 
 krfn-fo s. a spec, of parrot (?) M. 
 
 krft T. bkres-pa s. hunger P. hit dak 
 s. hunger, vb. to be hungry; krit dak 
 gdn li-ka md-bam-ne the hungry person 
 does not stay in the house. — krit-tun 
 mak vb. to die of hunger. — krit-tim 
 team or nom seized with hunger. — krit- 
 nam pld to have a famine. — krit nom 
 hunger, also the grawing sensation of 
 empty stomach; vb. to feel hungry; — 
 bit not (ddk') s. hunger and thirst; famine. 
 — krit pd-hu s. a famine. 
 
 *krin T. drin s. kindness, favour, 
 affection, grace, benevolence, generosity. 
 krin-nun mat-ba thro' the intervention of, 
 krin mat vb. to be kind, to show favour, 
 affection; krin len cik vb. to repay kind- 
 ness. *krin ce T. drin-ce great kindness. 
 *krin-so T. drin-gzo s. (return of kind- 
 ness) used incorrectly by L.'s for kind- 
 ness, krin-so yam-bo or krin-so nyim-ho s. 
 a grateful person; krin-so md-yd-nOm-bo 
 or k.-so md-nyin-niim-bo an ingrateful p. 
 M. 107. krin md-so-ne to be ungrateful; 
 krin md-so-niin s. ingratitude. 
 
 kn'p vb. to brush off with hand; to 
 rub or scrape ont with h. as dirt from 
 clothes; krip-dydn vb. to brush and fling 
 out with h. 
 
 *krip T. grib s. a stain, a blot, spot, 
 blemish, filth, defilement, pollution, con- 
 tamination, dik-pu hip the uncleanness 
 of sin; ki-krip the u. from childbirth, ii- 
 krip the u. fr. death, na-krip the u. fr. 
 leprosy and other diseases, yu-krip the u. 
 thro' pregnancy; — krip mat vb. to defile, 
 to stain, to pollute, krip zdk vb. to be- 
 come polluted. J. 18. 28. krip son mat 
 kdn for female to get character restored; 
 krip-nyim-bo adj. foul, impure, polluted, 
 uncleau, filthy, sullied, coutauiinated. 
 
 k. md-nyin-num-bo adj. clean, pure, im- 
 contaminated. a-Lrip adj. unclean. J. 
 
 krfm see kri. 
 
 kril; kd-kril-ld black and white mixed 
 or rather a dirty brindled colour, as hair 
 before becoming grey or where sun burnt: 
 a-ts6m kd-kril-ld, par-cii'i kd-kril-ld dirty 
 from soot. 
 
 krii, kriim vb. to be firm, to be sted- 
 fast, kni-ld adv. firmly, dum-pu krii-ld 
 tsdk vb. to fix a post firmly; — to lean 
 upon or press against with foot, to sup- 
 port one' self or as on a stick: pd-tuii 
 krij; sd-gdr krii-Uin hron vb. to mount a 
 precipice sticking to it, digging one's feet 
 into it; — to be determined, to be re- 
 solute in actions, to be decided; dyok 
 krn-h'in zuk vb. to stick to one's work 
 with resolution. krt1m strong stout and 
 tall; kriim zon strong and stout as young 
 man, see kram, kri. 
 
 kru vb. to squirt out or eject liquid 
 forcibly a-bo/i-niin kn"(-ld fyot vb. to 
 squirt water from the mouth; — vi krii- 
 ld fyot (blood) to fly out with violence; 
 — jit krii-ld hr to urine with violence. 
 
 kruk s. a small sloping mat or shelter 
 from rain; vb. to fix k. kruk td-gwn-ka 
 kriik vb. to fix k. on back over load; 
 li-krydn kriik to cover a small watch- 
 house with k. 
 
 krut vb. to drag, to pull, kn'it bu-non 
 to pull along. 
 
 krum see krii. 
 
 krum; krum kriivi said of hair long and 
 flowing or reaching to level of shoulder 
 a-tsom kriim krum long flowing locks. 
 
 krul i. q. h-dl. 
 
 kru vb. to be rosy, to be ruddy as ripe 
 fruit or face; a-krum adj. ruddy, ripe (as 
 peach, apple etc.). 
 
 *kru T. gru s. an angle, *krup-ji T. gru- 
 bzi a quadrilateral, a square. 
 
 *kru T. gru s. a large ship, see nd-vdr; 
 son kru s. a steam-boat, a steamer. 
 
 kruk kun s. the bail-tree; hlo-sd and 
 dan-sd two specc; kruk- pot the bail- 
 fruit. 
 
38 
 
 ''kruk— krul 
 
 krul— kro 
 
 *kruk T. sgrug-pa vb. to pick, to gather 
 up, lo kruk s. a student, a disciple, the 
 apostles Chr. 
 
 kruh i. q. grun. 
 
 kruii t'am-blyak s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 *krun-yuk T. drun-yig s. a writer, a 
 secretary. 
 
 krut cfr.T.^j'o* s. council; advice, counsel, 
 opinion, consultation, krut com vb. to 
 accord in counsel, to be unanimous; — 
 h'ut tydp-to vb. to confirm the opinion 
 of council; — krut fik-t'o or mat-t'o or 
 li-fo to make an agreement; — krut dok 
 to be of one opinion or the advice to 
 accord with state of affairs, to be un- 
 animous in consultation; — krut don to 
 seek counsel, to ask advice; — krut byi 
 vb. to give advice ; — krut a-ryum (a-jdri) 
 hyi or do yd to give good (bad) advice; 
 
 — krut mat vb. to consult. P. sot-MA- 
 sd krut mat vb. to consult to kill. — krut 
 rik vb. to consult, hd-yu-nun hum s6t- 
 sdn h'ut rik non they took counsel to- 
 gether for to put him to death J. 11. 53. 
 
 — krut lyo vb. to receive advice. — 
 krut vydt vb. to ask counsel. — krut-ka 
 fyen vb. to take into counsel. — md-ro 
 krut-ka von or tat vb. to agree with in 
 opinion. 
 
 Comp. krut-nyim-bo one who receives 
 or gives counsel, a counsellor. — krut 
 tydr s. the time for consultation, to have 
 reached the age for giving advice, middle 
 age, krut tydr-ka mak vb. to die in middle 
 age. — • krut don lyan md-nyin-ne there is 
 no one to consult; there is no mode of 
 consulting. — krut-lom s. the course or 
 plan decided upon in consultation; kruf- 
 I6m mat vb. to follow one's advice or 
 the course directed in consultation. 
 
 krup vb. to be astringent, a-krup adj. 
 astringent. 
 
 *krup see under *kru. 
 
 krul s. the bed of river or course of 
 mountain, the divisions of land or country; 
 un krul Urn vb. to walk along bed of 
 river, to follow the windings of stream; 
 lyan krul I6m vb. to walk along course 
 
 of mountain; blu krul-lun Mm vb. to 
 follow the course of the ridge. 
 
 krul see krii; krul-ld krul-ld tall applied 
 to man or beast. 
 
 *kre T. dre see on-kre. 
 
 *kre T. bgre-ba see ku kre. 
 
 *kre T. gral or gra^ s. a species, a 
 class, rank series, order, kind. 
 
 kre incorr. f. krd q. v. 
 
 krek vb. to be dried up, to be ex- 
 ceedingly dry, krek-kd krek-kd very dry 
 and brittle; krek-kd krek-kd s6n to be- 
 come very dry and brittle, kd- krek- Id 
 adv. dry and hard, so as to be brittle, 
 friable. 
 
 kren vb. to be exhausted, barren (as 
 earth). 
 
 kret, pa-kret in rage, passionateness 
 pd-kret nyim-bo or ydm-bo or pd-kret 
 sum-bo s. passionate, a passionate person; 
 pd-kret mat vb. to be in a rage; pd-kret- 
 Id adv. 
 
 kren vb. to long for (as for food), to 
 desire greatly, to labour (as in childbed), 
 to strain etc. kren-ld ndk vb. to push 
 forcibly. 
 
 krep vb. to be miserly, to be stingy, 
 niggardly, to be unproductive (as earth); 
 krep-bo s. a miser. 
 
 *krem-bo T. dran-pa s. memory; krem-bo 
 nyi to have good m. ; krem-bo md-nyin-ne 
 not to be able to remember, krem-bo md 
 nyum-bo forgetful; krem-bo sun vb. to call 
 to memory; krem-bo sun tet mak vb. to 
 die as quick as thought. 
 
 krel vb. to put into as into hole, to 
 pour into, to enter, to penetrate, krel-ld 
 tap vb. to put into, to insert. 
 
 *kro T. skra see *can-kro, *u-kro. 
 
 *kro T. grva (see also kro) s. a school, a 
 cell of convent; *kro-pdn T. grva-dpon s. 
 a schoolmaster, a teacher, *kro-hruk T. 
 grva-prug s. a disciple, schoolboy. 
 
 *kro T. grogs s. 1. a companion, 
 2. counsel advice, arrangement. 
 
 *kro T. spro s. gaieties: kro kro; go g6 
 kro kro festivities, gaieties. 
 
 kro: kd-kro-ld adv. stretched out as 
 
*krok— krdk 
 
 horns (a-r&ii); bik a-ron kd-kro-ld cow 
 with horns branching out in front; or 
 legs {a-(on)\ kd-kro-ld nan \h. to sit with 
 arms or legs, stretched out. 
 
 *krok T. skrag vb. to be terrified, to 
 be alarmed, to be startled, krok dydn vb. 
 to be terrified, to be put to flight; krok- 
 Idt s. terror, alarm, consternation. 
 
 krok krok onom. cracking sound as of 
 dry leather. 
 
 *kron T. 'c/ron(-pa) hon. vb. to die pd- 
 no kron-non the king is dead. L. mak. 
 
 *kron T. gran vb. to be stiff from cold 
 
 see kron. 
 
 *kron T. gron s. a house, village, town. 
 
 kron-yiik J. 8. 2 incorr. f. krun-yuk q. v. 
 
 krom projecting as teeth fo krom. — 
 
 kinn-krovi-lu adv. id. — kun-krom-bo adj. 
 
 beaked, pointed as mouth. 
 
 krol vb. to get foot into a hole when 
 walking; Um-ba a-t'on krol-lun Mo when 
 walking to trip in a hole and fall. 
 
 *kr(5 vb. T. pral-la to cut into pieces, 
 to carve, to slice (as meat, paper etc.) 
 dum kro vb. to cut out clothes. 
 
 *krd-bo T. gna-pa see under kro, 3. a 
 religious scholar, a disciple of lama, a 
 school-boy. 
 
 krdk, a-krok s. a seam in cloth. 
 krdk vb. to bend fingers (half-way) 
 a-kd krok hand with fingers half-bent; 
 a-kd kr6k-lvn buk vb. to beat, with bent 
 knuckles of fingers. 
 
 krdk vb. to continue; Mm kr6k-kun si- 
 sot non to be fatigued fmrn long walk- 
 ing. — nan krok-kim si-sot non to be 
 weary from long sitting. — mm kd-yu vydt 
 krok-kun-sd Tm luk-Uin hd-yu-lem li so 
 when they continued asking him, he lift- 
 ed up himself and said unto them J. 8. 7. 
 krdk vb. to be good, right, proper; 
 krok-pa it is good, it is well, is is right; 
 a-dom bo len mi-ka fan-niin krok it were 
 better to burn it then to give it to you. 
 — to be well, to be healthy; to get better 
 o-re-niln' irnat-lun hii-nun hd-yum ^o-tsdt 
 sd-re-ka krok-pii vydt then enquired he 
 of them the hour when he began to 
 
 "krdk— krdp 
 
 39 
 
 amend J. 4. 52. tal-ld krok-sdn md-nyin-ne 
 there is no chance of his getting better 
 M. to be glad P. 
 
 ■'krdk T. drags adv. very, much greatly; 
 ti krok very great, monstruous P. cu. 
 krok verj small. 
 
 *krdk T. drag (confused with grags) 
 adj. stout, strong, brave, violent, severe, 
 mighty. *kr6k-bo T. drag-po or grags-pa 
 a great man, a noble man; chieftain J. 
 pd-no krok-bo-ka to the great king M. 136. 
 krdk-bo-nun hum li the nobleman said 
 uuto him J. 4. 49. *krdk ce T. grags(-pa) 
 ce(-ba) wearing the dress of great person, 
 assuming the great man; krok ce mat vb. 
 to assume the great m., to give one'self 
 airs. 
 
 *krdn T. 'grans{-pa) vb. ("to be satisfied 
 with food") hou. to serve up food: pd- 
 no-sd kro II. 
 
 krdn vb. to be aloud, noisely; lik krdn 
 
 to call aloud; hryop krdn to weep aloud. 
 
 krdn vb. to be stiff (as leather), coarse 
 
 (as cloth), rigid, unyielding; a-kron adj. 
 
 coarse (as furniture, cloth). 
 
 krdii high, tall; longlegged; kUn-kroa- 
 Id high; — krorl krok or tun-kroh-bo adj. 
 longlegged (as man or animals); — kr&h 
 bik a cow of the plains longlegged in 
 opp. to the Bhutiya nyo bik a hill cow; — 
 kroh bik zdn deceitful Tbr. 
 
 krdn-fo s. a spec, of parrot, see krin-fo M. 
 krdt (see krat, krii) vb. to be gapped 
 as ban ban krdt, to be jagged, broken, 
 as tooth a-fo krdt, to lie or be placed 
 with intervals between kun-tson krdt a 
 head of maize with grain here and there 
 wanting. 
 
 redupl. krijit-td krdt-td ragged (as 
 clothes), in patches as cultivated ground; 
 a-krdt s. a gap or notch in teeth, broken 
 tooth; half formed said of the grain of 
 Indian corn. ' — pd-krdt adj. jagged, 
 notched. 
 
 krdn vb. to scratch (as with nails, 
 claws), pUn-ci-nun krdn. 
 
 krdp vb. to cast from the hand, to 
 throw from the h. in quantities, Id/i krdp 
 
40 
 
 *krdp rik— kryul 
 
 vb. to fling a shower of stones; yiik krop 
 vb. to send off nnmerous letters; — to 
 winnow td-lyu/'i krop, to sift, to separate 
 as corn from chaff or dirt, to knock 
 down as fruit from tree, fam-pot krop 
 to beat grain from head (as sesamum); 
 kvn-dap krop vb. to beat out the grain 
 from the kun-dap grass. 
 
 *krdp rik T. grabs 6-griff(-pa) i.q. so mat. 
 
 krdrn see krop vb. 1. to send in every 
 direction; to spread out in every direction. 
 yuk krovi-luii klon to send letters in all 
 directions; advly. (and krom krorri) on 
 every side, in every direction; a-ts6m 
 krom krdvi hu hair to be dishevelled, fly- 
 ing in every direction; 2. to be violent 
 in speach, so as to be heard in every 
 direction, md-ro krom lik or krom-Uiii lik 
 or krom-re zdh lik to call aloud, to roar. 
 
 kryan s. a small house or shed as to 
 afford shelter to watchman over fields, 
 li-krydn or nyot- or (redupl.) kun-krydii 
 or U kvh-krydn s. id. 
 
 kryap-pa adv. completely, altogether. 
 
 kryak vb. to tread with foot, to tread, 
 to tramp; kryak lyan the place where 
 one treads. 
 
 kryap vb. to spring upon, to pitch upon, 
 kryap-ld ful vb. to spring upon as horse; 
 kryap-ld tsdt vb. to quickly spring upon 
 or alight upon as upon horseback, bird 
 upon branch. 
 
 kryu, a-kryu s. the slough of a snake, 
 the skin of a bird, the scurf, skin, epi- 
 dermis; hu-nun kryu fan the snake has 
 cast skin. 
 
 kryuk vb. to be deprived, emptied of 
 its virtue as comb of bees, after honey 
 is extracted; vot kryuk; md-ro a-fyu kryuk- 
 ndn the man has become an empty shell. 
 a-kryuk s. the comb of bees after honey 
 extracted; see tu-kryuk and gryuk. 
 
 kryup vb. to suck dry as orange etc., 
 ci pd-ti^ut; kryup-ld nu the o. is sucked 
 dry; kryup fat to be sucked dry, kryup- 
 ld dried up as skin over sore. 
 
 kryul, a-kryul adj. full, clustered, a-tyum 
 kryul full clustered bunches. 
 
 kryok-krydtn 
 
 kryok vb. to cry out (fowl). 
 
 kryok vb. to hoe, see tdk-tsu. 
 
 kryon; kuh-kryoh-ld erect used in s. of 
 convalescence, kH k-kryoh-ld tet luk nan 
 to be sufficiently recovered, to rise fit, 
 to get up. 
 
 kryon kryon here and there kryon kryon 
 iidk vb. to look here and there. 
 
 kryom vb. to be moved upwards as 
 roof by wind; as the earth when burrow- 
 ed by mole; kryom-ld or kryom kryom adv. 
 up and down, flapping upward, motion 
 backward and forward motion; kryom 
 kryom tyu vb. to move up and down (as 
 jungle) to flap, to flatter: kru-sd tor; 
 kryom kryom tyii-bam the sails of the 
 ship are flapping; pur-uyam-nixn fdt 
 kryom-ld di the earth is raised by the 
 mole; sun-mut-tun li-cap-mum kryom-ld 
 lut the roof of the house is blown off 
 by the wind. 
 
 kryol; kryol-ld nearly all, almost all 
 kryol-ld non nearly all gone, kryol-ld Mat 
 nearly all fallen. 
 
 kryok vb. 1. to dash down, to throw 
 down with violence; 2. to go off as gun 
 Tbr. tsun krydk-nyon to lift up and dash 
 down, to glance off, to slide off as bullet. 
 
 kryon p. kryon vb. 1. to praise, to com- 
 mend, md-ro kd-sum kryon go-run dyep 
 go-run whether men praise or find fault 
 with me, it is all the same. — kryon-ldt 
 s. praise, commendation, eulogy, applause. 
 — kryon- bo one who commends or one 
 who receives commendation. — kryon cok 
 laudable, praiseworthy. — kryon-mu spe- 
 cious, plausible. 
 
 Deriv. a-kryon or td-kryon s. praise 
 commendation, a-kryon fop-sd/i tun-dok 
 ka to obtain praise; td-kryon sd vb. to 
 praise, to commend, to laud; md-ro-nun 
 td-krydn-sd yda jilm-bo ton to give alms 
 in order to obtain ])raise of man. 
 
 krydm vb. to unite, to act in concord, 
 to agree, to accord with; kryom-luh zuk 
 vb. to act in concert, kryom mat vb. to 
 unite in doing anything; — kryom kryom 
 or kryom-ld in union together, in concord. 
 
kla — klah 
 
 klan — klip 
 
 41 
 
 at one time; kryom-ld (kr. kr.) tsun vb. 
 to unite in lifting; kr.-ld (kr. kr.) ndn 
 to walk in unison (as soldiers); kr.-ld 
 (kr. kr.) mydn to be cooked together or 
 to be all ready cooked at the same time. 
 
 kla vb. to cut in two with one stroke; 
 to cleave; see kla. 
 
 kldk (plainly, openly, bluntly) kldk-ld 
 or kluk-kd kldk-kd adv. kldk-ld or kluk-kd 
 kldk-kd li vb. to speak plainly, openly, 
 bluntly; kldk-ld si vb. to see plainly. 
 
 klak-tsum s. obligation? yuk-mun co-bo 
 ts'dm-ka v6n-nan-ba kldk-tsum md-fup-ne 
 when a priest enters into the exercise 
 of ascetism, he does not readily conform 
 to its obligations. M. 
 
 kidp, adv. kldp-ld nearly closed (as 
 eyes), a-mik kldp-ld cam to have eyes 
 nearly closed as when sleeping. 
 
 kidm vb. to move or change position 
 a little, see AZa; kldm-bu ndn vb. to move 
 along or crawl along (as sick person). 
 
 kla; adv. kla-ld straightly, directly, 
 immediately; kla-ld ndn to go away 
 straightly; without stopping; kla-ld mak 
 vb. to die suddenly or going anywhere 
 else. 
 
 kla, a-kla s. a line of matting. 
 
 klak vb. 1. to be surrounded with (as 
 fence); 2. to be finished (as work, house); 
 klak-ld adv. directly. 3. to come round, 
 to revolve as years nam sok-klak the 
 year has come round T. kor etc. 
 
 Deriv. td-klak; tun- klak; tur-klak s. 
 circumference, periphery, adj. around, 
 circumambient, circular, tur-klak tur- 
 num a perfect periphery. — 2. a course, 
 a round, a long compass, a high degree 
 of perfection, co-sd td-klak s. a high 
 degree of learning; co-sd td-klak hyup 
 or lei to have completed one's studies 
 to have attained a high degree of know- 
 ledge. — td-klak kat to have attained one 
 degree of knowledge; td-klak nydt etc. — 
 md-rum-sd td-klak fcyu vb. to have reach- 
 ed or attained very old age. 
 
 klan, adv. Man-Id or klan-nd klan-nd 
 very closely together so as not to be able 
 
 to be seen thro'; also gives emphasis to 
 darkness: impenetrable, obstrusely; tyan 
 klan-nd klan-nd so dark that you can- 
 not see. klan-nd klan-nd or klan-ld tsup 
 to be quite closed up (as road with 
 jungle); — Id-vo klan tsup-non the moon 
 is completely hid eather by eclipse or 
 clouds. See also Hon. 
 
 klan, a-klan adj. like, resembling; klan- 
 ld resembling; a-kup a-bo klan-ld li the 
 son is like the father. 
 
 klap adv. see kldp. klap-ld closely 
 joined klap fo or klap-ld to to place 
 closely as with paste : a-zut klap-ld fi. — 
 klap-ld do vb. to live close together. — 
 klap-ld bu, vb. to carry close to body. — 
 vyen klap-ld hap vb. to shut the door 
 closely. — td-klap closely joined; lio tson 
 ban td-klap name of a spec, of fish. 
 
 klal vb. to be stiff; a-cdn klal to have 
 stiff back; tHk-tok klal to have stiff neck. 
 — klal-ld klal-ld Idm to walk stiffly and 
 erectly, klol-ld klol-ld lorn id. 
 
 kd-klal-ld or kd-kldl-ld erect, upright, 
 stiff; straight out at length kd-klal-ld din 
 vb. to stand upright; — kd-kldl-ld da vb. 
 to lie stretched out; (bik-nun) tuk-sim 
 kd-kl6l-ld dan (cow) to run with out- 
 stretched tail. 
 
 pun-klal or pun-klol adj. straight, erect, 
 p.-klol-ld din to stand erect. 
 
 kli-la adv. straight out; kli-ld nak vb. 
 to straighten; a-dyan kli-ld fly en vb. to 
 put legs straight out. 
 
 klik vb. to be perverse; to determine; 
 to have one' own way? M. 
 
 klin, adv. klin-nd klin-nd; li klin-nd 
 klin-nd a house firmly built, well bound 
 together. 
 
 klit vb. to polish, to furbish, to clean, 
 to smooth down, to rub as stomach, to 
 cleanse out by rubbing down; ban klit 
 vb. to polish ban; td-bdk klit to rub 
 stomach; td-kli klit to cleanse entrails 
 by rubbing the fingers down them. — 
 klit-td klit-td adv. very smooth, polished. 
 klip vb. -to be collapsed as bag or 
 stomach from emptiness td-hdk klip-ld mat. 
 
42 
 
 kluk— klo 
 
 kluk reduplic. of kldk q. v. 
 
 klun vb. to slip down. 
 
 klun Tb. to climb kun klun. 
 
 kiek vb. to press down or stamp down 
 as earth, to urge, to hurry on, to trouble. 
 klek-lun li Tb. to urge on; klek-lun zuk 
 kon to force; klek-lun m to be importu- 
 nate in asking. 
 
 a-klek s. continuation, protraction, nw 
 a-klek li to be diffuse in speech. 
 "klet i. q. glet to let fall. 
 
 klen, a-klen adj. whole, complete, a-klen 
 a-lyok id. 
 
 klep vb. to join two bamboos {pd-dam 
 etc.) together for the more easy carriage. 
 — klep-lun fo vb. having joined fa-dam 
 to place them down. — kief bu vb. to 
 carry bamboos etc. joined together; they 
 are joined together by cane and suspend- 
 ed on the head: td-klep klep bu. 
 
 id-klep (see un td-klep) s. 1. the binding 
 articles or loads together for the more 
 easy carriage, 2. the bandage with which 
 they are bound. 
 
 klep vb. to echo the words of another 
 as of great man; to chime in with, to 
 repeat the words of another klep-lun li. 
 
 a-klep adj. repeating a-klep rin li. 
 
 a-k!ep adj. thin (applied to insects); 
 see klip. 
 
 klo (see glo, klet; glet) vb. to fall, part. 
 klo-lun; klom-bo falling; neg. klon: klon 
 md-Mn-ne cannot fall; klom-lu manner 
 of falling. 
 
 klo vb. to be regular, to be of one 
 kind, klo-ld of one kind, one side; li 
 han-niin a-lon klo-ld cap first thatch this 
 side; a-lon-nun pyil-lon klo-ld cap after- 
 wards thatch the other side; klo-ld sak- 
 cin of one mind, settled in purpose, un 
 kyon a-bdn klo-ld lorn to walk on this 
 side {a-pin on that side) of river. — 
 klo-ld fo vb. to place on one side. — 
 a-bdn a-ydk klo-ld fo vb. to place evenly 
 regularly. — hu k6n or hii lem klo-ld md mat 
 nun don't favour him. — klo-ld li vb. to speak 
 decidedly.— n'/i klo-ld li vb. to side with. 
 — kat Ion kon klo-ld li vb. to be partial. 
 
 klok— kidp 
 
 klok 1. worn out (cloth), diim khk 
 a rag. td-klok, tuk-klok, tUn-klok s. an 
 old scrap of anything; diim td-klok a rag. 
 2. reaching its point klok-ld fi to reach 
 its point or come home as post, dum-pu 
 klok-ld md-fi-nd gdn md-imn-ne if the 
 post is not sent home, it will not be firm. 
 
 klok, klok-ld i. q. kldk, kldk-ld. 
 
 klon, adv. klan-nd klon-nd blundering; 
 klan-nd klon-nd mat vb. to blunder. 
 
 klop vb. to patch up (clothes), to mend 
 (pots, pans). 
 
 klop vb. to fade as flower. 
 
 klop s. a piece of cloth. 
 
 kidn vb. to groan, a-kl6n s. groaning; 
 ricm-ntin hd-yu a-klon fyo-Mn .... God 
 heard their groaning Ex. 2. 24. 
 
 klon vb. i. q. flon to be grazed. 
 
 kldn (cfr. T. zlog-pa) kl6n-ho adj. vb. 
 1. to send M. 43. klon gdn nd klon-nii-pa 
 we may send it if we like; kl6?i-nun-ka 
 md-non-nd gdn if she will not go when 
 sent; — kldn-ldm way of sending; 2. to 
 permit, to allow pd-on-ka mat-ka md- 
 kl6n-ne was not allowed to go out; 3. to 
 remit, to exhibit, to grant, to bestow; 
 jum-bo klon to bestow charity; 4. to 
 transform into, no kat klon to t. into a 
 fish. 
 
 kidt vb. 1. to be stiff as from cold or as 
 corpse, coarse as cloth, to be stupid, 
 dull of comprehension; to be dead Tbr. 
 klot-non dead; klot-bo id. 2. to be plain, 
 of one colour. 
 
 Deriv. a-klot adj. plain, of one colour; 
 stupid, riii kldt prosy; lyan Hot fiat. 
 
 tuk-kl6t adj. lazy md-rd tvk-klot a lazy, 
 useless fellow. 
 
 pUn-klot or piin-klot adj. stiff; plain, 
 unvarnished, uncoloured (cloth), pUn- 
 kldt-sd md-rd a. a clumsy, useless person, 
 who does not know how to work. 
 
 kIdp vb. to cut; ban klop a piece as 
 large as may be cut out by two or three 
 strokes of ban. 
 
 with redupl. advly.: kd-kl6p beating 
 with hand as when punishing children, 
 blow, slap; used in sense of a wound. 
 
kI6p— klyam 
 
 klyal — klydm 
 
 43 
 
 kd-kl6p zuk to be struck by bullet or by 
 sword as in action, hu a-dyut-sa kd-klcrp 
 zdk-han mik cam-n&n being wounded in 
 a fight he died. 
 
 Deriv. a-Mop as much as is cut out 
 by stroke of ban. — pun-hlop a cut, an 
 incision, hart p.-hUp kat a c. with knife. 
 
 kidp (broad; clumsey) klop-ld broad 
 flat, klop-ld hu vb. to carry a broad load 
 or with broad throng. 
 
 with redupl. klvp-pd klop-pd clumsy 
 as workmanship. 
 
 kIdp s. edge; banks of river: mi Mop; 
 mik Mop s. edge of eye, rim of eye. 
 
 kidm vb. to place between, to spread 
 as carpet, to lay down as bords, planks, 
 bamboo-flooring. 
 
 klydm caus. of Mdm to cause to spread 
 out, klydm bu-non to walk among and 
 tread down low jungle as when out 
 shooting; — with reduplic. advly.: kum- 
 My6m-ld or kun-klyom-ld wide, spread 
 out; li kum-klyom-ld a house with a roof 
 wide spreading, almost flat not sloping 
 downwards. 
 
 kidn vb. to affix, to apply. 
 
 kidl see Mai. 
 
 klya vb. to be even, Myd-ld even, level, 
 everywhere alike, regularly, uniform; 
 Myd-ld ti said of river in the rains when 
 it has risen to its utmost height. 
 
 klyak, kd-klydk-ld straight, flat. 
 
 klyap see klip, klep and fran. 
 
 klyan see klyon. 
 
 klyal see Myal. 
 
 klya; klya klya hlyet to be very slippery. 
 
 klyak vb. Tbr. i. q. gek to be born. 
 
 klyan vb. to be close in texture, as 
 cloth, basket-work. 
 
 klyap vb. to be straight as bow without 
 string, sd-li klyap-non. 
 
 klyam vb. to be sweet, to be pleasant 
 to the taste, ci-nyi klyam-bam sugar is 
 sweet; vom klyam-bam salt is sweet. — 
 klyam-ldt s. sweetness. 
 
 a-klyam s. sweetness, sweets, pleasant 
 
 flavour, adj. sweet, a-klyam a-fo a sweet 
 tooth; a-klyam-pdn so-niin con fat all 
 the sweetness is washed away by the 
 rain. 
 
 klyal; klyal-ld klyal-ld or kd-klyal-ld 
 long and thin; kun-du kd-klyal-ld an egg- 
 plant long and thin. 
 
 klyen cylindrical, kun Myen. 
 klyet see klyot. 
 
 klyot vb. to beat forcibly, to strike 
 forcibly in any direction; lorn klyot vb. 
 to beat road; mm klyot vb. to pound 
 mon (as with a pestle); Myot si a beater 
 for roads. 
 
 klyon; Myon-ld adv. rapidly, suddenly; 
 fydn Myon-ld pld-lat the enemy came 
 rapidly; sun-mut Myon-ld di the wind 
 sprang up suddenly; un Myon-ld ti the 
 water has risen rapidly. 
 
 klyop, Myop-ld i. q. kldp-ld nearly shut. 
 a-mik klyop -Id cam i. q. a-nyi My dp-Id 
 cam. 
 
 klyom vb. to be insipid as food without 
 salt, to have bad flavour; bi Myom-bam 
 vom md-nyin-ne the vegetables are in- 
 sipid, there is no salt; n-bon klyom there 
 is a bad flavour in my mouth. 
 
 a-klyom adj. insipid; — kun-klyom-ld 
 insipid; unpleasant taste. 
 
 klydk (from kd hand and lyok: the palm 
 of h.) see Idn-klyok. 
 
 klydn s. a scaffolding for corn not 
 threshed or a sort of hut for it. 
 
 klydt vb. to leap over, M. 78. o-re 
 a-tdn Myot md-KH-ne I cannot leap over 
 the top of that. 
 
 klydp, a-klyop adj. flat, p6n klyop a sod, 
 turf. — s. a flat piece of any thing; a 
 plate, a board or plank; a-Myop zuk vb. 
 to make flat, kd-klydp-ld or kun-klyop-ld 
 or kup-Myop-ld i. q. lup-lyop-ld flat, 
 level. 
 
 kUk-klyop-ld oblong-shaped. 
 kHp-klyop-ld zo rice before it forms 
 into stalks. 
 
 klydm see Mom. 
 
44 
 
 Ra— *l<a 
 
 'Ka 
 
 K 
 
 lia the second letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. p, aspirated k. 
 
 ka Tb. (T. Ka mouth?) to ask, to in- 
 quire M. 
 
 kak vb. to hem, to hawk, to cough up. 
 
 k^t see Kii, vb. to be able, capable, 
 talented efficient; to be skillful in rin- 
 ka Mat; ts'on-ka Mt; co-ka Kdt etc.; — 
 Mt-bo adj. one qualified for, capable of, 
 Mt lei vb. to be proficient; Kdt-lel-ho adj. 
 proficient. 
 
 *kan T. Ron s. wrath, anger, resent- 
 ment; sdm Kan an angry temper. 
 
 *kam T. Kom s. rest, quiet, tranquility. 
 
 *kam T. Kom s. a leathern bag. 
 
 Ran, Jidr-ld adv. hanging down head, 
 as when ashamed; mlem Kdr-ld mat vb. 
 to hang head down from shame. 
 
 ka vb. to wind skeins of cotton; see a. 
 
 ka num. twenty M. 115 f.: Ka kat; Ka 
 kat-sd kat twenty one and so on; Ka 
 kat-sd ka-kyot twenty nine; — Ka kat-sd 
 kd-ti thirty; Ka kat-sd kd-ti kat tap thirty 
 one; Ka kat-sd kd-ti kd-ky6t tap thirty 
 nine; — Ka nydt forty; Ka nydt-sd kat 
 forty one; Ka nydt-sd kd-ti fifty; Ka nydt- 
 sd kd-ti Kat tap fifty one. — Ka sam sixty; 
 Ka sam-sd kat sixty one; Ka sam-sd kd-ti 
 seventy; Ka sam-sd kd-ti kat tap seventy 
 one; — Ka fd-li eighty; Ka fd-li-sd kat 
 eighty one; Ka fd-li-sd kd-ti ninety; Ka 
 fd-li-sd kd-ti kat tap ninety one; — Ka 
 fd-no one hundred: gyd kat\ Ka fd-no-sd 
 kat one h. and one; Ka fd-no-sd Ka kat 
 or Ka td-rdk one h. and twenty; — Ka 
 kd-ti two hundred: gyo nydt; Ka kd-ti 
 fd-no tdp three hundred: gyo sam. — 
 Ka Ka four hundred. 
 
 *ka or K6 T. Ka s. 1. mouth; Ka sup 
 vb. to shut the mouth; Ka siip byi vb. 
 to give a bribe; K6 di vb. to be eloquent, 
 to be loquacious; Ko di-bo an eloquent 
 person; Ko di-wim s. loquacity, garrulity; 
 — Ka-ka cdk vb. to instruct, to admonish. 
 
 — 2. mouth, opening, orifice. — 3. front, 
 side, face Ka-dyd T. Ka-dii fronting, 
 opposite, hon. the presence of king; 
 
 — 4. sheet Ko nydt two sheets of paper 
 or cloth etc. — 5. surface, outside. — 
 6. sharpness. 
 
 Comp. ka-, kd-, ka-p-; ka-m-. *Ka-kydn 
 or Kap-kydn T. Ka-bky6n s. hon. reprove, 
 reproach, rebuke, anger; Kap-kydn md- 
 mat-tUn do not be angry; Kap-kydn zdk 
 vb. to fall under displeasure. — *Ka-Kyd'm 
 T. Ka-Kyam s., K. K. rin s. a rumour. — 
 *Ka kro T. Ka brag s. a fork. — Ka gye 
 s. anything given in exchange for meat. 
 
 — *Ka-cun s. a locket. — *Kap-c6n T. Ka- 
 dsun s. a lie, a falsehood: M. 95; Kap- 
 con-sd a-pur s. a great liar; Kap-con li 
 vb. to lie; Kap-con lin-bo or Kap-con 
 mat-bo or Kap-c6n gyu-bo s. a liar; Kap- 
 con bi mat vb. to bring a false tale ; Kap- 
 con-sd ydm-bo a proficient in lying. — 
 *Ka-cd T. Ka-'Sos s. hypocrisy, foolishness; 
 Ka-cd lin-bo s. a hypocrite. — *Ka-cu T. 
 Ka-cu s. spittle, saliva. — *Kam-cu T. Ka- 
 mcu s. quarrelling, contention, brawl, 
 dispute, litigation; Kam-cu fuk vb. to 
 altercate, to quarrel, to dispute, a-lHt-ka 
 Kam-cu tHk vb. 1. to revolve in mind, 2. to 
 practise selfdenial; Kam-cu kyop-ba Id/l- 
 ka ryak-vydt in an altercation to test the 
 truth by holding heated stone in hand. — 
 *Ka-^e T. Ka-ce s. a large mouth, boast- 
 ing, bragging; Ka-ce kytip vb. to boast, 
 to brag, to vaunt; Ka-ce kydp-bo s. a 
 boaster, a braggart. — *Ka-^et T. Ka-^ad 
 s. a contract, agreement, promise; Ka-cet 
 mat vb. to promise, to contract. — *Ka- 
 cem T. Ka-cem s. will, testament; Ka-cem 
 to vb. to make a will. — Ka-jdn obscene 
 Ka-jdn rin: uk-kHn-su rin s. obscene talk; 
 ho-nun Ka-jdn-ld li gdn go uk-So if you 
 talk obscenely, I shall be ashamed. — Ka- 
 nydt s. importunity, teazing, solicitation, 
 Ka nydt si vb. to be importunate; — Ka- 
 
*Ra 
 
 *l(a— *l<a-dok 
 
 45 
 
 tan i. q. lea- fan. — Ka-tak s. a bamboo 
 cup. — *Ka-tam, Ua-hram i. q. Ua-hro. — Ua- 
 tik, Ko-tik T. Ka-ldig: Ka-tik bam vb. to 
 stammer, Ka-tik- bo s. a stammerer, a 
 stutterer. — "^Mo-tdn H.Ka-gton-ba s. abuse, 
 threats, scurrility, offensive language, 
 £ t. li vb. to abuse, to use opprobrious 
 language, to blaspheme J. rum-sd £ t.\ 
 rum-sd M. t. li to swear, to blaspheme. — 
 *Ka-t6m, Mo-tom T. Ka-gtam s. a saying, 
 a proverb, apophthegm, tradition; Ka- 
 tom-ka niim-Um-nyo-nun rum-ka md-U-ne 
 tiik-fyil-niin cu md-U-ne no power of 
 speach can enable man to comprehend 
 God; the ant cannot in its' view em- 
 brace the snowy range. — *]ia-t'dn T. 
 bka-fan? s. power of speach, eloquence, 
 Ka-tdn nyim-bo s. eloquent, an e. person. 
 
 — *lca-fyen for Ka-prin s. a verbal 
 message; Ka-fyen rin kloh or byet to send 
 a V. m.; Ka-fyen Ice-Id dun vb. to deliver 
 a V. m. — *Map-dar T. Ha-bdarf s. con- 
 ceit, vanity, pride; kap-dar-ydm-bo\ a 
 conceited, vain person; Kap-dar md-nyin- 
 niim-bo a modest p.; I'ap-dar kyop to be 
 proud, to be vain. — *ka-d6 T. lUi-brda 
 (instruction) s. joke, jest, badinage; Ka- 
 do li to joke, to be facetious. — ko-dun 
 prob. T. Jca-sdum s. agreement, concurrence, 
 conceit; K6-dun nyi to agree, to concur, 
 to coincide, to be of one opinion. — *Iia- 
 nak T. Ua-nag (a black mouth) a word 
 of abuse: a harlot, a prostitute. — Rap- 
 plim s. denial; contradiction, refusal; 
 Kap-plim cik vb. to deny, to contradict; 
 to refuse. — *ka-pok T. ka-'pag 1. vb. to 
 heap a little above measure; ka-pok ak 
 vb. id. 2. s. abusive language lia-pok 
 kyop or ton or mat or li vb. to abuse. — 
 ka-pyok 1. full exact measure; Ica-pyok 
 cik vb. to give full measure corn in fri 
 by sweeping with hand, 2. the mouth of 
 measure. — *lia-tso T. Ka-rtsa s. invective 
 language, abuse; Jca-tso dek vb. to abuse. 
 
 — *Ka-ts6 s. the mouth-disease of cattle. 
 
 — ka zdk-rin i. q. Ka-jdn. — *ka-ze T. ^a- 
 za& s. food, used generally by L.'s to ex- 
 press provisions for a journey. — *ka-yo 
 
 T. I^a-ze s. deceit, hypocrisy. — ■ */,'am-ri 
 T.lca-dri L. fam vydt s. civility, salutation, 
 compliments; Icam-ri mat vb. to salute, 
 to give c.'s. — *Jca-rok 1. T. ka-rog{-pa) 
 silent, quiet, 2. abuse Ka-rok sor vb. to 
 quarrel, to altercate. — *ka-len T. ka-lan 
 s. an answer, reply, petition to good or 
 evil spirit; deprecation made by hon tin; 
 Ka-len-ka nydn vb. to grant petition; 
 ka-len kyop vb. to petition, to beg an 
 answer. — *Ua-lep T. Ea-leb s. a cover 
 for pot, ka-lep kyop or dap to cover do.; 
 — *Ua-lo T. Ka-lo s. guidance, manage- 
 ment, ka-lo-niln mat do it from the 
 copy; Ma-lo mat to manage, to direct, 
 to guide, to lead. — *ka-hrin i. q. fca- 
 t'yen. — Ka-sur s. priming hole, nipple of 
 gun Ua-siir ze Idk vb. to prime; Ka-sUr 
 nyor the priming pan. — *ka-s6 T. ka- 
 gzug s. pain in the mouth. — *ka-su T. 
 Ka-zugs (eloquence): rin Ka-m respectful 
 language ; gentle language ; ka-m-ka pyet- 
 sd rin respectful, gentle 1. — *kam-su see 
 *kam-cu. — *lca-sd s. abstinence from 
 meat or ardent liquors, ascetism; Ica-s6 
 fHk vb. to practise ascetism; ci ka-so 
 (man ka-so) who never tasted spirits 
 (meat). 
 
 *Ra i. q. T. /,-ag, Ka part; Ica-cik T. ka- 
 cig some, several. 
 
 *Ra, R6 T. mkd s. the heavens, empty 
 space, in comp. Kan- *ka-ro-ma or *kan- 
 ro-ma T. mkd-gro-ma Skt. ddkini P. 
 kan-ro rum dar-mit id. P. *ka(n)-ro-ma 
 nin s. hermaphrodite. 
 
 *Ra-ce lyan T. ka-ce-yul s. Kashmir, 
 ka-ce-mo T. ka-ce-pa s. a Kashmiri. 
 
 Ra-ta s. the path of huge animals 
 thro' jungle; tyan-mo-sd ka-ta; sd-fdn-sd 
 ka-ta. 
 
 *Ra-ta T. ka-btags s. a small scarf, 
 generally sent along with a letter. 
 
 Ra-td s. the eggs of the Hj pUn-rdn; ka- 
 to fit vb. to lay the eggs; pUn-ron iM-to 
 fit-Uin vyan-nun or pld maggots are pro- 
 duced from the eggs of the blowfly. 
 
 *Ra-dok T.mkal-mdog s. (kidney colour) 
 kidneys, reins. 
 
46 
 
 Ra-byii-fo— *Kam 
 
 "Ram— Ru 
 
 Ra-byu-fo i. q. fd-Un-fo s. the dark rose- 
 finch Procarduelis nepalensis. 
 
 Ra-lu s.the knee-joint, condyles, interval. 
 
 *Ra-§a T. Ka-m i. q. sd-kd q. v. 
 
 Rak vb. 1. to be increased; used in 
 bad sense: a-far Mak-ld ndn the price 
 has risen; — a-ri nom Mak-ld nam the 
 smell has become worse; — rin Kak-non 
 the language has risen or become out- 
 rageous; — a-c6r Kak-non the sourness 
 has become more intensive. — 2. to stick 
 in throat of child, see nyon, a-hrit Kak- 
 non the bone has stuck in throat of child. 
 
 a-Kak s. an offensive smell, an ex- 
 orbitant price. 
 
 Rak-tik s. Hind, kartla Momordica cha- 
 rantia; K. t. pot s. the fruit of M. ch. a 
 vegetable. 
 
 Ran vb. 1. to be transverse, diagonal; 
 Kan to vb. to place transverse; Kan t'&m-ho 
 a thing placed transverse. — 2. to stop, 
 impede progress, to be alienated, to be 
 estranged, to quarrel; hu-do-mum pd-no 
 mat-bo rel-ld ke-sar-sd Kan bam whosoever 
 maketh himself a king, speaketh against 
 Cesar. J. 19. 13. — Kan gyo-bam to be 
 at a variance, to separate thro' quarrel; 
 — hd-nyi byek-ka Kan gyo-bam they two 
 cut each other. 
 
 a- Kan s. a misunderstanding, a dis- 
 agreement. a-Kan a-zd a quarrel. 
 
 Ran see under Ka. 
 
 Rap see under Ka. 
 
 Rap vb. to be broken, to be smashed 
 or cracked as two eggs being knocked 
 together; Kap-tom-bo cracked. 
 
 *Rap-len-do T. Kab-len-rdo s. a load- 
 stone; K. I. d. pun-jeii s. a magnet. 
 
 Ram see Ka. 
 
 *Ram T. Kam (a bit; appetite) *Kam- 
 dok T. Kam-ldog (aversion, etc.) s. fruits, 
 consequences, retribution; a-do dyok a-jdn- 
 sd Kam-dok-ka zo-so (thou) shall eat the 
 fruit of thy own evil acts. — Kam-dok 
 nyoh to feel the effects of to suffer the 
 consequences. — *Kam-lok T. Kam-log s. 
 nausea; vb. to feel sick, to be sick, to 
 vomit; Kam-lok-sd zdn nyon to feel sick. 
 
 *Ram T. Kams s. state of health; Kam- 
 zon T. Kams-bzan s. inquiry after one's 
 health, how are you? Kam-zon vydt vb. 
 to salute, to inquire after one's health. 
 
 *Ram T. Kuttis s. 1. region, dominion; 
 kingdom Kam-sum T. *Kams-gsum s. the 
 three worlds: heaven, earth and hell; 
 2. name of the eastern province of Tibet 
 a large kingdom bordering on China and 
 Central-Tibet; Kam-bo an inhabitant of 
 K'am; — Kam-bo pron-bo a religious men- 
 dicant; — Kam-bo sd-hu s. a spec, of 
 monkey supposed by L.'s to have come 
 originally from K'am (Eastern- Tibet) 
 Presbytis schistaceus. 
 
 Ram-kf i. q. kdn-M-kun q. v. 
 
 Ram-gat kun s. a spec, of Prunus; Kam- 
 gdt pot s. the fruit of do. 
 
 *Ram-bu-kun T. Kam-bu s. an apricot- 
 tree; Kam-bu pot s. the fruit of do.,' an 
 apricot. 
 
 Rar vb. to be eager after; to be anxious 
 after, to be in a hurry for, to be greedy 
 after, to lust after a-z6m-ka Kar to be 
 eager for food; — td-dyu-ka Kar vb. to 
 lust after women td-ayu-ka Kar-bo s. a 
 lecher; — co-ka Kar to be eager for 
 learning. 
 
 a-Kar s. concupiscence; love, affection. 
 
 *Rar T. mKar s. staff, stick; Kar pd-fun 
 s. a walking stick; *Kar-sil T. mKar-gsil 
 s. Skt. khakkhara a kind of staff used 
 by la-ma's see kdr-kun. 
 
 *Rar, Kar-wa T. Kar-ba s. bell-metal. 
 
 Rf vb. 1. to haunt, to adhere to, to 
 remain, 2. to be twisted, entwined, in- 
 soluted Ki bam, vb. to remain beside, to 
 adhere to one's side, a-pyil-ka Ki bam 
 to be haunted by ghost; — Ki-bam-bo s. 
 a close companion a follower, an ad- 
 herent. 
 
 *Rf-bo T. mKris-pa s. the gall; Ki-bo 
 pum the gall bladder. 
 
 Ru, neg. Kun: md-Kun-ne, Ku-m part, 
 cfr. T. Kugs-pa vb. 1. to be able, to be 
 capable of M. 107. ho a-re zuk Ku-d 
 are you able to do this; Ku-mm-bo one 
 capable of; Ku tet to the utmost power; 
 
Ru— *Run 
 
 Run— * Re 
 
 47 
 
 sd-tet Mu-tet as much as possible. — 2. to 
 be well, to be in good condition; md- 
 Icun-ne to be unable; go md-Mun-ne I 
 cannot. 
 
 Mm-bo s. adj. an able person, able, 
 capable md-Kun-num-bo 1. one who is 
 not able, impotent, incompetent. — sd- 
 re-ld Mum-bo almighty Ex. 6. 3. 2. un- 
 able, ill, unwell, pregnant a -Mm adj. 
 possible, practicable. 
 
 Ru s. mountain, k'u a-dum T. ri dkar-po P. 
 
 *Riin vb. T. 'Kun-pa to groan; is also 
 used in sense of "to be unwilling, to be 
 reluctant, to be disenclined, to grumble" 
 hu Kun-bam he is unwilling. 
 
 Run, Rum see M. 
 
 Rur, Mr-Id adv. sulky, gloomy, morose; 
 K.-ld gyu a sulky disposition; — a-mlem 
 Mr-Id mat vb. to display a sulky face. 
 
 *Rur uncooked: Mr-so mur-so cooked 
 and raw uncooked meat. 
 
 *Ru T. Icur s. bread, a loaf or cake 
 of bread; M. 143. kd-cer Mu; kd-hrot Uu 
 hd-hru M; — kyo-td-i Ku barley-bread 
 J. 31. 
 
 *Ru-lu T. Kul-lu s. 1. the down of the 
 yak; 2. cloth made from do. 
 
 Ru-lu s. a spec, of parasite vermin; a 
 spec, of body louse. 
 
 *Ruk T. Mg s. a bag; tsam-Kuk T. 
 rtsam-Jcug a bag for holding flour. 
 
 *Run T. Kun, Mm 1. mine, pit; piin- 
 jen Mn an iron mine; son Icun a copper 
 mine; 2. T. k'uns rise, beginning, origin, 
 root, stock; a-do Uun sd-ha nyi-ba or ho 
 Mn sd-ba nan-bo-go where did your race 
 originally come from. — Mn kd-ti-bo of 
 the same origin. — Mn gdn i. q. aya 
 a-bdn-ka or -nun from the beginning. — 
 a-do rin Mn su tun-ddk go or ho Mn su 
 tun-dok what is your original or primary 
 object. — a-do Mn-su nyi-wun-d; ho Mn 
 su mo go what is your pedigree. — Mn 
 m-nun jok-kuh-go from what origin is 
 the dispute. — kd-sii, bo-sd Mn md-nyin-ne 
 my father is of low origin. — Mn Mn 
 luii- ten-nun rin ancient revelation; — 
 Mil-nun md — ne or Mn-do-nun md — ne 
 
 never, Mii-nun md-U-ne I have never 
 seen. 
 
 Comp. Mn-cen T. Euns-can s. original, 
 having a beginning, high degree, opp. 
 Mn met T. IL med or Mn md-nyin-num-bo 
 low, mean. — Mn-nyim-bo of high and 
 ancient family. — Mil nyi-wiul-sd md-ro 
 a man of good family; K'. nyi-wim-sd mlo 
 an ancient relic; £ n.-w.-sd pe-tom a well 
 authenticated history; — Mn tan original 
 meaning; — Mn pe an ancient proverb; 
 — Mn rirl ancient tradition. 
 
 Ruii see ti-Mn. 
 
 *Re, Rye T. ke, Eye 1. profit, gain, 
 2. cheap, abundant, much over much 
 ke-ld cheaply, abundantly, advantageous- 
 ly; Ue-ld top 1. to get cheap, 2. to ob- 
 tain abundance; — ke-ld byi to give 
 cheaply, to give liberally, to overpay; — 
 Ke-ld zo to eat a great deal; — ke md- 
 nyin-num-bo dear, not cheap; — I'e gum 
 it is profitable, it is cheap. 
 
 a-Ke s. plenty, a great deal a-ke tap 
 vb. to get much for money. 
 
 *Re T. niMs-pa (prudent) vb. to be 
 wise, prudent, to be discret, to be 
 judicious, to be careful, to be cautious 
 giin-nd-ka ke to be perfect, wise in all 
 things; riil Ke-ld dUn vb. to speak sagely; 
 ciyok ke-ld mat vb. to act prudently 
 judicious. — pum tin giin-nd-ka ke Cfod 
 is perfect in all respects. 
 
 a-Ke s. perfection. 
 
 *Re T. Krai s. a tax; money; ke-bo s. 
 a person who pays tax, a landholder; 
 Ke gyom-bo a tax-gatherer; Ke nyin an 
 ancient tax-tennant, ke cik vb. to pay tax. 
 
 *Re T. gral s. a seat, a bench, a sitt- 
 ing place; *Ke-go T. gral-mgo s. the front 
 seats; ke-go-ka ran nan in the fr. row 
 the elders sit. — *Ke-juk T. gral-mzug s. 
 the backseats; Ke-juk-ka on nan in the 
 back row the youth sit. Ke-d6n s. a row 
 of seats; ke don klak-ld nan vb. to sit in 
 circular room; Ke don ryan-ld nan vb. to 
 sit in rows of lines. 
 
 Ke-bo s. the sitter, the dweller; li-sd 
 Ke-bo the sitter in house, the dweller in h. 
 
48 
 
 Re, Re-mo— *Ror 
 
 Rd— Rya, Ryd 
 
 Ice zon s. a meeting, an assembly, a 
 multitude of sitters. 
 
 Re, Re-mo s. Ehododendron; the white 
 Rh.; Ke-mo kun Hooker 2, 150 '■'■kema ke 
 choong" Rh. cinnabarinum; — Ke-gok an- 
 other spec, of Rh. 
 
 Rek vb. to be chapped, to have hole 
 in (as pot); fyu Mek-ndn the pot has a 
 hole; see Myen. 
 
 Ren Tb. to grow, to spring up un- 
 cultivated, to be wild (plant); Icen-ld lin 
 vb. to spring up wild. 
 
 Rer vb. to be skilful, to be expert, to 
 be dexterious, to be apt; s. i. q. K. Idt 
 dexterity, skilfulness, expertness M. 100; 
 Ker nyim-ho skilful; Ker-ld adv. adroitly, 
 aptly M. 75. 
 
 Ro an exclam. of anger, contempt. 
 
 *Ro T. 'Mos s. use, advantage, benefit, 
 good, utility, service, value M. 100; vb. 
 to be useful M. 108; Ko nyim-ho useful 
 M. 100; Ko md-nyin-ne it is of no use; 
 Ko md-nyin-num-bo useless, unserviceable; 
 md-Uo-nwi-sd tarn a worthless article 
 M. 100. 
 
 *Ro-tf T. Ko-ti s. a kettle, a tea-kettle. 
 
 Ro-§a s. (Yakthumba W.) money given 
 by pi-ho at time of contracting marriage : 
 L. sek-yan. 
 
 Rok adv.: kd-Jiok-ld dirty, soiled. 
 
 Rop; Hop Mop headlessly, carelessly; 
 Icop Hop non vb. to go along in a care- 
 less manner. 
 
 *Ror T. skor-ba; 'Mor-ba: I. vb. 1. to 
 go round, to wander round, to encircle; 
 — 2. in L. tr. to admit, to grant access; 
 a-lem Kor let him come this way, Mm 
 md-Kor-nun do not admit him. — Uor-bo 
 s. a wanderer, an encircler, M.-bo mun s. 
 the encompassing evil spirit; lyan Ic.-bo 
 mun the evil spirit of the place. 
 
 II. s. 1. the turning round; 2. the 
 transmigration; 3. closeness, proximity 
 parivdra; M-sd Kor-ka near him. 
 
 Comp. *llor-de T. 'Kor- das ("to escape 
 from Sansara") in L. s. care, providence, 
 prudence, forethought; Kor-de mat vb. to 
 be prudent, to make provision; Eor-de 
 
 mat-bo a provident person; Uor-de-nun 
 zuk vb. to act with prudence. — *Kor-lo 
 T. 'Uor-lo s. a wheel used by lamas in 
 prayer; Kor-lo un to turn wh.; to revolve 
 mani. 
 
 Rd 1. see Ka 1. 
 
 Rd T. mKoQ-ba). *M6 nyo T. nye{-bar) 
 mKo-(]}d) vb. to desire greatly, to be 
 greedy after, to covet; Ko nyo ndn to be 
 covetous, to long for, to be greedy. 
 
 Rd-mo s. a false charge; K6-mo zdk vb. 
 to be charged falsely; K. mo ka to charge 
 falsely. 
 
 Rd-mo s. rice which adheres to pot 
 after boiling zo K6-mo. 
 
 Rdk vb. to hawk, to hem, to cough up. 
 
 Rdk adv. : kd-Kok-ld adv. sound of heavy 
 blows kd-Kdk-ld buk vb. to beat with 
 sounding blows. 
 
 *Rdk T. Kag s. business, charge, duty; 
 responsibility; importance, consequence; 
 a-yu su K6k nyi-sdn-go or nyi-wun-d what 
 business is it of yours; — Mk bu vb. to 
 undertake any matter, to be responsible 
 for, to be accountable for, to take charge 
 of. — Kdk ka or bydt vb. to entrust with, 
 to charge with, implies also to suffer 
 the consequences as a-bo-niin zuk-kun 
 re a-kiip-ka Kok ka the son suffers for 
 the acts of the father. — Kok-ka lyd vb. 
 to undertake anything, to take the re- 
 sponsibility, to stand security; — go a-do 
 ciyok zuk-so un Kok md-lyd-nd-so I will 
 take your work, but will not take the 
 responsibility; — num-sd Kok lyd vb. to 
 stand security. — a-do Kok-ka nyi it is 
 your charge, you are responsible. 
 
 Rdii vb. to cough with hollow sound, 
 to bark in h. s. (dog). 
 
 Rya, Ryd vb. it. 1. to arrive at, to reach; 
 gor-lyan sd-fa Kyd-so when will we reach 
 our resting place M. 146. — Kyd-hron 
 vb. id. Ex. hd-yu hryop-lik rin rum-dun- 
 ka Kyd-hron their cry came up unto God 
 Ex. 2. 23. — 2. tr. Un-Kyd to indu'ce, to 
 guide; hu-nun a-yum a-fdn tydn-nd-ka 
 ldn-Kyd-80 he will guide you into all 
 truth J. 16. 13. 
 
kyan— *Ryet 
 
 Ryan for kyan vb. to be very cold, to be 
 frigid; Uyan ntin to be very cold. 
 
 Ryan vb. to be unanimous, to accord 
 with; to be unmodified, pure, tiik-mo /,'. 
 an unmitigated thief. 
 
 Ryap, adv. Kyap-pd Uyoip-fa with a 
 smattering, a faint idea or perception; 
 Kyaf-fd Kyap-pd yd vb. to have a smatter- 
 ing of; to know a little of, Uyap-pd Kyap- 
 pd 16m to walk as in the dark. 
 
 Ryam, adv. sd-Hyam still, quiet sd-lryam 
 mat-td be still, sd-Kyam nan-nd sit still. 
 
 *Ryi T. Kyi s. a dog L. kd-ju; Kyi luk 
 s. the sheep of the plains, long-tailed like 
 a dog; Kyi-kan T. Kyi-gan a dog-kennel. 
 
 Ryi-gat for hi-gdt s. contempt. 
 
 Ryu vb. to be absent in mind, to be 
 forgetful. 
 
 Ryu Ryu (speaking to baby when wash- 
 ing) let me wash you. 
 
 *Ryum T. Kyim s. a house; bdk-Kyum 
 a h. for travellers ; td-lyan Kyiitn the signs 
 of the zodiac. 
 
 *Ryu T. dkyus s. falsity, fabrication; 
 Kyu non to become what is not; to be 
 dead. — Kyu mat vb. to falsify; to see 
 imperfectly; son Kyu mat vb. to give 
 false weight; rin Kyu mat vb. to equi- 
 vocate, to prevaricate. — Kyu, a-mik Kyu 
 i. q. a-mik lydk false vision, imperfect 
 sight; a-mik Kyu bam vb. he has im- 
 perfect visions. 
 
 *Ryu T. 'Ku vb. to emulate, to be zealous 
 of, to contend for. 
 
 *Ryek T. 'Kyag 1. vb. to be frozen, 
 2. s. ice Kyek-ba it freezes, Kyek dom or 
 Kyek-ktin dom to be frost-bound; un Kyek 
 dSm da the water is frozen; Kyek-Mn mak 
 to be f. to death; Kyek su (non) the ice 
 has melted. 
 
 Ryen vb. to be chapped, to be gapped, 
 Kyen-non; Kyeh-bo chapped. 
 
 *Ryet T. Kyad s. difference Kyet md- 
 nyin-ne it is of no consequence; Kyet md- 
 nyin-nd mat vb. to make no distinction. 
 M-do Kyet nyi gdn kd-sH-ka md-dot-ne if 
 it makes any difference to him, it 's of no 
 consequence to me. — a-rat rin-sd pat 
 
 ''Ryen— *Rydm 
 
 49 
 
 rin Kyet nyi there is a difference between 
 the Tibetan and Bhutiya languages. — 
 Kyet nyi-pa there is a difference. — riii 
 Kyet bam i. q. nya Kyet bam, nya t&m 
 Kyet-Ut/t li to be quarrelsome. 
 
 Kyet-ka used in sense of: in order, to 
 the end, purpose; dr-sd Kyet-ka to this 
 end; gUn-nd ko-sd?i-sd Kyet-ka in order 
 that all may understand. 
 
 *Ryen T. mKyen-pa hon. vb. to know; 
 M. 133. ri/m-nv,n sd-re-ld zu-luh Kyen 
 Clod is omniscient. — san-gye-la Kyen-no 
 T. sans-rgyas-la mKyen-no Buddha knows 
 P. — la-ma Kyen-no T. bla-ma mMyen-no 
 exclam. implying grief, wonder, amaze- 
 ment etc.: the priest knows M. 90. 
 
 Ryep see hyej). 
 
 Ryep, Kyep-ld adv. sharp, cutting K-.-ld 
 tyok vb. to give a sharp, cutting stroke. 
 
 Ryo vb. to be peevish, to be irritable 
 (child), to be fretful. 
 
 *Ryo T. Kyogs (a bier) s. a large cook- 
 ing vessel, a boiler; Kyo fyii s. a vessel 
 also applied to one, in which the dead 
 body of king is preserved in salt; urn 
 for the dead. 
 
 *Ryo-mo: L. pd-n6l s. a present made 
 to an equal, Kyo-mo byi. 
 
 Ryon s. a large basket for holding things. 
 
 Ryd vb. to be overcooked so as to have 
 consistency boiled out, as rice or flour 
 not meat; zo Kyo non the rice has be- 
 come soft and overcooked. 
 
 *Rydp T. Kyab all, everywhere, suffi- 
 cient, enough, Kyop-ld sufficiently M. 76. 
 K.-ld fop vb. to obtain sufficient; K.-ld 
 kid it vb. to send to every one or every- 
 where; Kynp byi vb. to give enough. 
 
 *Rydm T. 'Kyams-pa vb. to wander, to 
 roam, to ramble ; kd-ju md-ro li-ka Kydm- 
 non the dog has wandered into the man's 
 house, to stray, to err, to deviate; Kyom- 
 non to have wandered, to have strayed, 
 to have lost one's way, to have erred; 
 a-lid K. n. the mind has wandered, to be 
 absent, to have erred. 
 
 Kyom-bo or Kyom-bam-bo a wanderer, a 
 beggar. — rin Kyom a rumour 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 ga- 
 
 gdn— gdt 
 
 ga the third letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. =ri thje English hard g. 
 
 ga, gd, ta-gS s. the chin, td-gd cor the 
 hollow division in chin; td-gd a-nvt or 
 a-tot s. a double chin; td-gd-mm ial-ld- 
 sd rih s. foolish language; td-gd bap bap 
 vyen to chatter (teeth from cold). 
 
 ga vb.to give for might, power, strength, 
 to oppose, to resist, to contend with, to 
 repel, to be hostile, to attack, to assail; 
 gd-bam to assail at, kd-ju gd-bam the dog 
 shows fight, gd md-td-ne not to dare 
 to oppose; sd-lok gd md-td-ne I cannot 
 contend with a rhinoceros. — so-hydn gd 
 md-td-ne I cannot stand (or contend) with 
 the cold. — gd-ldt s. hostility, contention, 
 antagonism, aggression, assault. 
 
 gdl-ld (for gd-la) adv. hasty manner, 
 running, flowing; un gdl-ld gdl-ld yu 
 water to come rolling down; dyok gdl-ld 
 gdl-ld zuk to do work while moving or 
 running about. 
 
 *g^-cd T. sgo-lcags lit. iron of door: a 
 lock; gd-c6-sd a-lut s. the effects inward 
 of lock; gd-c6 kyop vb. to lock; gd-co-sd 
 cle-mik the lock and key. 
 
 ga-do for kd-do I, myself, gd-do ydn 
 viat vb. to be egotistic. 
 
 ga-ram s. an evil spirit, lya/i gd-ram s. 
 the evil sp. of a place. 
 
 gak vb. to be fat, applied to insects, 
 swollen out; vyan-bu gdk-bam the maggot 
 is fat. 
 
 a-gdk adj. fat (said of fleas, ticks). 
 
 gdk, gdk-ld fun vb. to burn partially 
 or superficially; nyot gdk-ld dop the field 
 is but partially burnt. 
 
 kd- gdk-ld adv. half burnt state of 
 clearance. 
 
 gan vb. to be very weak; gdn gad 16m 
 
 vb. to be scarcely able to walk from 
 
 weakness; gdn-nd gun-nd li or jiydn vb. 
 
 to feel very weak. 
 
 gdn gdn weak, impotent, debilitated, 
 
 feeble, infirm; gdn gah lorn to walk in- 
 firmly; gdn gdii nydn to feel languid 
 and weak. 
 
 kun-gdn-ld adv. weakly, kun-gdn-ld tet 
 nan capability of setting up. 
 
 gdii see sd-gdn. 
 
 gan see gdn. 
 
 gah cfr. T. gan M. 86, 91. affixed forms 
 the conditional "if" as a-re zo gdn mak-so 
 if you eat this, you will die; its correlat. 
 "also" is represented by the emphat. 
 particle Id or by the word gUn. ho mak 
 gun go Id (or gun) mak-so if you die, I 
 shall die also. — when, then after; neg. 
 md-gdn-nd gdA. except, unless M. 86. 
 a-ldti nye biik gdn kd-ti bu- (or nyi-) so 
 when it presently strikes, it will be 
 10 o'clock. — from fcun gdn from the 
 beginning; dr-nUn pyi-ld gdn from this 
 time, hence-forward. — in order or that 
 it may su mat gdn ryu-te what is the 
 best to be done (or that it may be done). 
 — though go gan-ld gdn a-fin sd-re li 
 nydn gat though I am old, still whatever 
 my lord says, that will I obey. — hii mak 
 gdn md-L'u-ne litly. if or tho' he would 
 die, he could not: there is no fear of his 
 dying. — indeed, truly a-re gdn, um-pa 
 this is indeed nice; a-re gdn yut-si this 
 is indeed wonderful. — ought a-tet pyi 
 non liti a-ba fi gdn it is so late he ought 
 to have arrived. 
 
 gdii-ld tho', but, even, yet, however, 
 notwithstanding, nevertheless, sd-tet zoii 
 gdn-ld however great (or good) he may 
 be. see to gdn-ld; yo-gdn-ld. gdn-ld or 
 gdn-nd either, or; ho-niin sd-re gat-tvn-re 
 gai'i-nd a-re gaii-nd o-re dom-md select 
 whichever you please either this or that. 
 
 gdt (ace. W. "-giit" Parb. giddha Skt. 
 grdhra) a vultur, spec. Cultures, Gyps 
 fulvescens R. 204. '■'■gut a-nok" Otogyps 
 calvus, '■'giit pa-nom^^ or king of the 
 vultures, Vultur mouachus W. 
 
gdt— gap 
 
 gap— gal 
 
 51 
 
 gat vb. (see gaf) to be hot, to be 
 ardent as fire: mi gdt-bam; so-rin ydt-pa 
 the sunshine is ardent; — to be ardent, 
 fiery as spirits, pepper ci gat giim the 
 chi is fiery; pi-ril gat gum the pepper 
 is hot; — to be fervid, passionate; 
 )iiu-rd gat gat re ze-mi dyak re zait a 
 passionate man like a flash of powder; 
 — on gdt-sd md-ro gat giim the horse is 
 fiery and the man is passionate. — to 
 be zealous, enthusiastic, a-kup-nun 
 a-mo a-bo tun-dok-ka gut gun ryu if tlie 
 child is ardent and zealous in the service 
 of its parents it is good. 
 
 gdt-tun s. heat, ardour, passion, en- 
 thusiasm. — gdt-bo zealous, ardent. — 
 gdt-ld adv. ardently, passionately. 
 
 a-gdt 1. s. zeal, ardour J.; a bad 
 temper applied to man or beast; 2. adj. 
 fiery, ardent (as spirit or temper): md- 
 ro a-gdt a bad-tempered man; iam-cdn 
 a-gdt a bad-tempered animal; a-gdt rih 
 fiery, violent language; rapid (as water); 
 raging (as fire or wind); brittle as wood, 
 glass, applied also to iron, which breaks 
 easily from natural badness not from 
 being too highly tempered: piin-jei'i a-gdt. 
 
 a-gdt sd-ayak mik-mar Tuesday. 
 
 gdn vb. 1. to preponderate, to over- 
 balance, to be out of the perpendicular, 
 gdn hrdn vb. to rise upwards, 2. to in- 
 cline backwards as when drinking out 
 of vessel, towards any direction (son) 
 gdn hrofi (the scale of balance) to rise 
 upwards; un gdn-liin tdn to lean back- 
 wards when drinking water. 
 
 gdn gdn adv. up and down. 
 
 caus. gydn vb. to lean on with hand, 
 to cling to, to grasp; to be troublesome, 
 clinging to (as a child). — gydn- ly an s. 
 anything to cling to, a catch. — gydn-bo 
 adj. troublesome. 
 
 a-gydn s. clinging, a-gydn Lyau the 
 object clung to. 
 
 gap head hanging down or rather face 
 downwards, vb. to bow J. 48. a-tyak gap 
 to bow the head Ex. 4. 31. gdp-U/A Urn 
 (da) vb. to walk (lie) with face down- 
 
 wards gdp-ld (or lun) nan vb. to sit with 
 f. d.; gdp-lun pyok-tsa vb. to prostrate one- 
 self in salutation, to make low obeisance. 
 gcip vb. to drink long draughts (breath- 
 ing the white thro' the nose), to gulp; 
 gdp-hnl fun to drink long draughts. — 
 gap gdp drinking a great deal, long 
 draughts; uh gdp gdp fan, ci g. g. f. 
 
 a-gdp adj. drinking by drawing up the 
 water like animals. 
 
 *gam T. sgom-pa see govi s. reflection, 
 meditation, "gdm-bo or gum-pu T. sgom- 
 pa s. a monastery, a convent; M. 83. 
 sam-ya-sd gdm-pu the c. of Sam-ye P. — 
 gdm-bo-ka von vb. to enter monastery, 
 to become a monk; gdm-bo jeh vb. to 
 found a monastery; — gdm-bo-sd ku-jo s. 
 an abbot; gdm-bo-sd pQn-lok s. a monk; 
 gdm-bo-sd tsiin-mo s. a nun; gdm-bo-sd 
 tsiin-mo yuk-iiuin a vestal nun; gdm-bo-sd 
 tsiin-mo kii-jo s. an abbess or g. b. sd 
 ts. mo je-tsun id. 
 
 gar vb. to raise (a little), to lift up or 
 open or separate in a small degree, to 
 open a little; — gdr gar 1. raising or 
 opening a little, 2. flapping as wings; 
 a-bon gdr-gdr mat dp vb. to open the 
 mouth a little; gdr gdr hrdn vb. to raise 
 a little (as carpet etc.), to raise head 
 from pillow; gdr gdr mat vb. to flap (as 
 wings). — sd-gdr adv. partly open, sd-gdr 
 mat vb. to open a little as arm hand 
 box anything, to open a little a jar. 
 
 gar vb. t. to force, to urge, to impel; 
 dyok-ka gdr vb. to urge on to work; 
 md-zu-ka gdr vb. to do violence to. — 
 gdr-Mn with rigour Ex. — gdr-ldt s. co- 
 ercion, compulsion. 
 
 gdr s. name of a spec, of small tick 
 Ixodiola. 
 
 gal-la see under gd. 
 
 gal T. yal-ba vb. to vanish, to disappear 
 M. 66. — gdl-ld adv. disappearingly; gui- 
 ld kap vb. to be completely covered so 
 as to disappear; gdl-ld zo fat vb. to eat 
 the whole; gdl-ld hyul vb. to swallow 
 completely. 
 
 sd-gdl-U adv. vanishing, disappearing, 
 
52 
 
 ga— gat 
 
 gat— gan 
 
 sd-ffdl-ld n&h vb. to yanish, to dis- 
 appear. 
 
 ga vb. to be with iieg. md-ne cfr. go, 
 go, gum; M. 53; md-ga-ne or md-gan-ne 
 it is not. 
 
 ga i. q. mun-ga s. turmeric. 
 
 *ga T. dgcl (see also go) s. joy, love, 
 desire, mirth, gladness. — ga-ddt s. any- 
 thing desirable or desire itself; name of a 
 jewel; ga-so s. T. dgd-so joy, gladness, 
 happiness; ga-so md-nyi-ne there is no 
 joy; ga-so kydp vb. to rejoice. 
 
 ga-dan s. bars placed across a gateway, 
 a barred gate; ga-ddn kt/p s. a natural 
 child, a bastard Tbr. 
 
 ga-zdr s. name of plant and flower. 
 
 *ga-S(Jn T. mgar-sa s. a smith's shop, 
 a smithy. 
 
 *gak T. dgag-pa vb. to stop, to pre- 
 vent see gok. 
 
 gak, adv. gak-kd gak-kd or gak gak bo 
 s. adj. worn out (as old man unable to 
 stand or of things worn out). 
 
 gan, kuh-gah-la adv. open as mouth in 
 sleep or death, open-mouthed, agape as 
 jar or door etc. k. g.-ld da vb. to be 
 with mouth open. — gan-non i. q. ro gan 
 dan to be dead Tbr. 
 
 gat (cfr. T. dgos) vb. to desire, to wish 
 for, to want, to like, to be agreeable to, 
 to love, to be pleased with, to require, 
 to be necessary, to be essential to, to 
 have occasion for, gat-nyi it is necessary 
 P. kd-do kd-ta non gat-tun-ka ft it has 
 come to this, that I must go alone. P. — 
 a-lut fek re zdu sak-ddk gat-tun md-nyin-ne 
 there could have been no necessity for 
 this heartbreaking grief. — gat-md-o it 
 is expedient, necessary. — gat-Mn desir- 
 able, needful, requisite, gat-sdn rul s. 
 a necessary word. — gat-ha gatrha when- 
 ever wanted. — gat-ho s. a. desirer or 
 what is approved of the thing wished 
 for. — gat-mil or gat-mu-bo desirable, 
 gat md-mu-num-bo not desirable. — gat- 
 tun s. desire, wish, necessity, need, oc- 
 casion for; gat-tun md-nyin-ne there is 
 no occasion for, it is not needful; byin 
 
 gat-tun-re diin-nd say what necessity 
 there was to give. — md-gat-ne not to 
 want, not to desire, not to like, go a-dom 
 md-gat-ne I do not want you, I do not 
 like you. gat to-tsdt s. time of need. — 
 gat cok vb. to desire, to wish for, to 
 regard, to esteem; to be necessary; gat 
 cok-sd mlo a desirable thing, a requisite. 
 
 a-gat s. desire, wish, request; sd-re 
 a-gat ddin-md or sd-re a-gat re dom-md 
 take which you like. 
 
 gat 1. s. a duty, a rate, a percentage, 
 dasturi, taken from merchant at time of 
 purchase, also a tax laid upon merchant 
 by king; perquisite of purchaser; gat 
 tsun vb. to lay duty on goods. 2. vb. 
 to take custom. 
 
 gan see ga. 
 
 gan adv. if, then, in that case, there 
 upon, after that, gan a-do ndk-kd go 
 a- lorn zuk gd/i mu-ryu-nd-so then do you 
 see, if I do this, it will not be good. 
 
 *gan, gyan, gyan, gen, gyen T.'gan(-po) 
 see fcok s. a burden, hence business, trade, 
 profession, charge, office; ku-sii dyok-ka 
 a-do-sd gyan md-nyin-ne it is no business 
 of yours. — liu num-sim-nyo kHp go-ren 
 hum a-sem mat-sd gyen-ld byi-fat and 
 hath given him authority to execute 
 judgement also, because he is the son 
 of man. J. 5. 26. — gydn kdt vb. to be 
 appointed to an office. — gydn pap vb. 
 to deprive of office. — a-bo a-mo gyen 
 md-ld-ne i. q. bo mo lyan tsam md-ld-ne 
 cannot supply the place of father and 
 mother, gydn Id-bo s. an efficient officer. 
 — gan bu vb. to hold an office, to be 
 in charge of business, gan bun-bo s. 
 officer Ex. 
 
 *gan T. rgan vb. 1. to be old, aged 
 as man, animal; gan-non has become 
 old; 2. great in rank or age. — gan-bo 
 s. an elder, a great man J., old (man 
 or beast), hti gan-bo iiun-mn he has 
 become old or a great man. — a-gan 
 
 1. adj. old (as man, animals or things); 
 
 2. s. a great man. 
 
 gan, gan-nd gan-nd adv. penetrating, 
 
gan— *gar 
 
 (so) g. g. zok vb. (rain) to leak inwards, 
 (tson) g. g. zdk (arrows) to take effect. 
 gan: kun-gan adv. ever, always. 
 gan-fdii see gan, gydn s. pride, selfwill, 
 vanity; gan-ton nyim-bo or g. f. viat-bo or 
 g. f. yam-ho s. a proud person; g. t. viat 
 to be proud. 
 
 "gap l.'gebsQ-pa etc.) vb. to cover; tii- 
 fon gap vb. to turn trough upside down. 
 gajj-lu adv. spread out, covered over, 
 overspread; gap-Id da to lie overspread; 
 fdt-ka tdn gap-Id nan ham the rock covers 
 the ground. 
 
 Der. tun- gap s. 1. a pit-fall, a trap 
 made by covering over mouth of hole; 
 ayam tun-gap a pit-fall; tuii-gap-mo s. a 
 bear from being caught in trap -hole? 
 Tbr. 2. a notch made on the opposite 
 side of tree, on which you wish it to 
 fall or break, see nyop. — tvr-gap-ld adv. 
 overspreading, overhanging. 
 gam affix to tyol q. v. 
 *gam T. sgavi hon. s. trunk, box. 
 gam not quite dry; gam md-sdn-ne it 
 is not quite dry. 
 
 gam: ki/m-gam-bo incorr. f. kum-ham-bo. 
 gar vb. to be severe, to be stringent, 
 to be rough, to be austere hryum-ka gar 
 vb. to suffer severe punishment; ayok 
 dvk-ka gar to have exceedingly hard work; 
 sok-ka gar to be the trouble of life. — 
 gur-rd gar-rd adv. throwing oneself in 
 passion, gur-rd gar-rd mat or tydvi vb. 
 to throw oneself at as in rage. 
 
 gar (see also to') adj. curved, crooked 
 at one end, bent; vb. to be curved etc. 
 — gar-gar i. q. gar\ gar-gar-ho 1. one 
 crooked, 2. a person with large posteriors 
 Tbr. 
 kd-gdr-ld adv. crooked, curved at end. 
 gar-nek s. glans penis. — td-gar, tuk- 
 gar, tvn-gar s. a large basket closely 
 worked. 
 
 *gar T. mgar\ gar-tson or gar-son s. a 
 smithy, smith's workshop. 
 
 *gar T. sgar s. a camp, an encamp- 
 ment of soldiers; gar-min s. a parole, a 
 watchword; gar-non a guard. 
 
 gal- 
 
 53 
 
 gal vb. n. 1. to break as stick also as 
 leg etc.; hd-yu a-hrdt-pd/i gal-luit tsun 
 bii non-huH-ka dyo-di-sdn-nun jii-lat-mum 
 ■sii. the Jews besought Pilate that their 
 legs might be broken J. 19, 31. gal-non 
 it is broken; — gal-bo broken, gal-ydm-bo 
 or gal-sum-bo brittle, frangible. — gal-ld 
 adv. broken, with sak "desire broken" to 
 be weared with. — kd-gal-ld id. — 2. to 
 fall see glo etc. gal-ld adv. downright, 
 completely fallen; gal-ld pok completely 
 fallen (with force); kun g.-ld pok the tree 
 uprooted has fallen; md-ro gal-ld til-non 
 the man has fallen downright (violently). 
 gydl cans, to break, to cause to break. 
 lul a-hrdt-pda vid-gydl-ne they broke not 
 his legs. J. 19. 33. sak kd-gydl-ld dis- 
 gust, annoyance. 
 
 Der. tun- gydl (see gal 2.) s. a painted 
 stake for digging or dibbling with. 
 
 gal expletive to tyol: tyol gal help, com- 
 panionship shd. be gam^ see P. Pol. 25. 
 gf vb. 1. to be out of the perpen- 
 dicular, to slope, to be bent down, to 
 be inclined, kun gi-fian or bam the tree 
 is sloping; to be aslant (as when pour- 
 ing out from a vessel); gi-luh Idk vb. to 
 incline vessel while pouring out. — a-nyor 
 md-gi-nd nydn to listen attentively (not 
 turning ear away). — a-mlem gi to avert 
 one's face as when evil-disposed. — 2. in- 
 direct, indirection; — difference, dis- 
 tance, inequality; tsoh-nun mdk-ka gi- 
 non the arrow has not gone quite direct 
 for the target; — sd-tet gi-nyi-wun-d what 
 distance is it, how fare is it; — hu-sd 
 gi-nyi-wun-d what difference is there ; ■ — 
 ciip-sd gi md-nmn-ne did not quite over- 
 take him within a short distance of do- 
 ing so; ciip-sd gi md-zdk-ne did not quite 
 hit. — 3. to be inclined towards (men- 
 tally or physically) having a penchant 
 towards used in a bad sense Id-yo (-leni) 
 gi inclined to evil. — 4. s. a bribe, sub- 
 ornation; gi byi vb. to give a bribe, to 
 bribe a person to evil; gi byin-bo s. a 
 briber, a tempter, a suborner; — gi zo 
 vb. I. to take a bribe; 2. to perform 
 
54 
 
 gi'-gu 
 
 evil; gi zom-bo s. one who takes a bribe; 
 a perfidious, evil person, a traitor. — 
 5. to be ungrateful, to be false, faith- 
 less, perfidious, to betray hii. a-lut gi- 
 bo gum 1. whose heart is inclined to- 
 wards anything, 2. he is a false-hearted 
 (treacherous) fellow; — gi zdn s. an un- 
 grateful person. — gi-ld adv. obliquely, 
 divergingly; dishonestly, basely M. 74. — 
 gil id. gU dam vb. to tie crosswise so 
 as to enable thing to be carried; kun 
 gil-liin darn to tie poles to tree in order 
 to carry it; 7n6n gil-hal dam to tie pig 
 by the forelegs together so as to enable 
 it to be carried on pole. 
 
 gf s. so-gi the conglomerating of the 
 atmosphere, dew. 
 
 gi, a-gi s. the tender shoots of plants; 
 ear of corn. 
 
 *gi-ku T. gi-sga s. the peg of the p^oVi q.v. 
 
 *gf-C(5 also gi-c6 T. rgyu-ca s. wealth, 
 property, personal proj)erty and effects. J. 
 
 *gf-no T. rgyan and bsnol s. 1. emulation, 
 rivalry, 2. envy, covetousness gi-no sak- 
 cin-re sun-miit-ka ful-re zdn gum com- 
 petition is like riding on the winds 
 (gives swings to work). — g:-7io mat vb. 
 1. to emulate, 2. to be envious. — kvm- 
 dun-sd gi-co gi-no md-mat-tiin do not 
 covet the goods of others. — gi-no md- 
 yd-nd gdn md-mya-ne without emulation 
 there is no diligence. 
 
 gi-pur-buii and gi-po-mi seems to be 
 merely expletive M. 
 
 gf-bii s. doglouse; tick, Ixodes ricinus; 
 fdt gi-ba, s. the soldier-insect. 
 
 gin, tun-giii s. the os fibula. 
 
 gin T. sgyin{-ba) "to be stretched out" 
 n. pr. of part of a hill n. of Darjiling. 
 
 gin s. a leathern belt, a girdle, a strap, 
 kom-bo gin a 1. belt. 
 
 gfp, ta-gfp, tuii-gfp s. (cfr. T. %gyiu) a bag, 
 a knapsack, a sack; tim-gip zop vb. to 
 twist neck of bag. 
 
 gf! see under gi. 
 
 gu vb. to have end suspended down- 
 wards, to project downwards as roof, to 
 hang down as bamboo, to impend; po- 
 
 gii gu— *gun-ran 
 
 yak gum-bam the end of the b. projects 
 downwards. 
 
 gu gu s. Turtur meena ace. W. R. 207. 
 
 guk: hd-guk-ld adv. suffering, enduring 
 (pain or trouble) affliction, kd-giik-ld nyi 
 to suffer, to be afflicted, to be distressed. 
 
 gut see ti'in-zoii. 
 
 *gun T. rgun (a grape) see kim. giin- 
 rum s. T. rgun-brum grapes, g. U/l T. rg.- 
 Ui) s. a vine, g -tse T. rg.-fy'as s. a vine- 
 yard g.-can T. rg.-ca/l and g.-kyein T. rg.- 
 skyems s. hon. wine. 
 
 *gun T. dgun: gun-so s. cold weather, 
 winter. 
 
 gun T. kmi adj. all, every, total, each, 
 whole; gun-nd all, every, altogether, 
 totaly; giin-nd sdn-Mn-sd td-dyii kiip 
 a female possessing all endowment. — 
 giin-nd li-sd md-nyin-ne the is no use 
 of enumerating all, et cetera. — g&n-nd- 
 sd a-ryum the best of all. — g&n-7id-sd 
 noh-ka a- cum the least of all. — giin- 
 nd-sd nd/i-ka a-jdn the worst of all. — 
 gun-nd-sd a-tim the greatest of all. — 
 giin-nd lin-ld rin every one says. — giin- 
 nd-ba a-flik mak among all some died. 
 — gij.n-nd kd-ta-ka li-ba when you ex- 
 press it generally. — i. q. sdfi, pi. affix 
 (cfr. T. t'ams-cad, Newari sakal, sakal in 
 Bangali when it follows the noun), kur- 
 fak kiir-biim giin-nd i. q. kur-fak k. b. sdn 
 the ministers P. 
 
 gi/n-len, gun-nd len superlat.-particle 
 liii, gUn-len ryu he is the best; giin-nd- 
 len yam-Id mat-bam-bo making himself 
 the least. — gun jam all altogether, gim 
 jam byom-lun in all, taken altogether; 
 giin jam li-sd md-nyin-ne et cetera. 
 
 correl. of gd/'r. also, ho mak gdn go 
 gun mak-80 if you die, I shall die also, 
 see giim. 
 
 *gun-ran T. mgon-drin s. patronage, 
 favour of patron or lord, giin-rdn dok-bo 
 lord of grace; giin-rdn-sd a-tin . . . thro' 
 tlie grace of Lord so and so (way of com- 
 mencing letter) gun-ran mat vb. to exalt, 
 assist, favour, ho kd-sH a-tet giin-rdn mat- 
 hht re you have thus been gracious to me. 
 
gup— gun 
 
 gun— *ge 
 
 ;)D 
 
 gup see gap. 
 
 gum see ga, go, go vb. 1. am, art, is, 
 are, go gvm I am; hu gum ]ie is; 2. to 
 become M-sii yu gum-md-o become my 
 wife; sd-ron-ren a-do dal-ld pa-no gum 
 from to-day thou art become like unto 
 a king. 
 
 gum i. q. giin also: ho non-so gd/i go 
 gum n&fi-so if you go, I will go also. 
 
 gur s. a supercilious look, a haughty 
 glance; mik giir ndk a h. look of contempt. 
 
 gur redupl. of gar. 
 
 gul: giil-ld giil-ld or kd-gul-ld adv. worn 
 by friction; also: indestructible, unyield- 
 ing; md-ro kd-gul-ld an indefatigable 
 person; bankd-gid-ld ayem-ba 16k md-yd-ne 
 the knife is excellent (indestructible), it 
 is not at all injured. 
 
 gu, a-gu s. old female of most animals 
 M. 26; hik gu a grown-up cow, some- 
 times in familiar 1. applied to human 
 beings, as num-prum gu an old woman. 
 
 *gu-Mn (ace. M. fr. T. dku-lto) also gu-so 
 fan vh. to be able, to manage, to be 
 equal to, to have resources, means: only 
 in negat. s. o-7'e a-ki/p hu-do bo mo jut 
 gu md-fdn-ne that child is not able to 
 support his parents; 16m gu md-fdn-ne 
 not to be able to walk. — gu md-fdn- 
 niim-bo lyan a person without resources; 
 (tan seems to be fa and increm. n before 
 nd of md-nd q. v.). 
 
 *guk T. 'gug{-pa) vb. to bend. 
 
 *gut T. 'gud(-pa) vb. to decay, to de- 
 cline, gut n6n decayed, declined, de- 
 generated. 
 
 gut explet. to not; n6t gut s. a stage, 
 a journey. 
 
 gun, a-gun adj. empty, suk-dilm-re a-td 
 a-gun gum the earth was without form 
 and void G. without, not having k6m 
 a-gun without money, naked, in ab- 
 sence of kd-sii gun-ka in my absence; 
 uninhabited; not burdened as a horse; 
 gun zuk vb. to empty; — gun n6n to 
 have become destitute, to be emptied; 
 gun-n6n-bo adj. empty, destitute, forlorn. 
 — gun-ldt s. nakedness, destitution. 
 
 gun, a-gun s. a road. 
 
 gun-da s. the butt-end of a gun. 
 
 gum, a-gum s. a number, a quantity; 
 a troup, herd, flock; kd-sii bik gum mak- 
 n6n a number of my cows have died. 
 
 gur vb. 1. to pass away, to elapse, to 
 be spent, said of time; 2. to delay, to 
 procrastinate sd-uyak sd-tet gur-sdn-d 
 how many days will elapse; sd-dyak md- 
 gur-ne without delay tnd-gur-nd mat-hh) 
 or m,d- gur-nun no-o go without delay. 
 gur, a-gur s. delay, dilatoriness, slowness, 
 a-gur dyok mat vb. to be dilatory at work. 
 
 gur-cok s. delay, procrastination, gur- 
 atk ky6p vb. to occasion delay. 
 
 *gur-mo T. mgur-ma s. a sacred song, 
 a hymn; gur-mo fen vb. to chant. 
 
 *gur-tse T. mgur-rtse s. a small vessel 
 with spout used on sacred occasions. 
 
 gul, a-gul s. the part apportioned for 
 the house; a good situation, a site; li- 
 gul iidk vb. to determine the site of a 
 house, whether it be good or bad, per- 
 formed by mun. — a dish of, a share of, 
 a portion of zo gul; kd-sum gul hlydk bo 
 give me a dish of vegetables and meat; 
 ram tem-bre gul s. a portion set in offer- 
 ing to the deity as a prayer for happiness 
 and wellfare as asked at end of marriage 
 feast. 
 
 '"ge T. 'gegs(-pa) vb. to hinder, to stop, 
 see also gok. 
 
 "'ge T. dged (-pa to be diffused) vb. to 
 be passed, as day, sd-dyak ge-n6n\ go fi- 
 ren Id-vo kat ge-n6n since I arrived, a 
 month has passed. 
 
 *ge T. dge s. merit, virtue. *ge-co/'/ 
 T. dge-sbyon s. a priest, a monk; ge-con 
 cen-po T. dge-sbyon cen-po the great high 
 priest, a title of Qakya. — ''ge-dun-po T. 
 dge- dun-pa s. the priests, the clergy, the 
 high-priest at Lha-sa. — ''ge-tml T. dge- 
 rts'ul s. a novitiate, a catechumen. — 
 *ge-lon, ge-ld/t T. dge-slon s. a subordinate 
 priest, a monk. 
 
 *ge-w6 T. dge-ba s. merits, a meritorious 
 action performed for the remission of sin 
 or for benefit in another world, virtue, 
 
56 
 
 gen— go 
 
 ''go— *go-lpn 
 
 good morals; righteousness, sanctity. — 
 ffe-w6 nyim-bo a person who does much 
 for another world; ge-wo klon vb. to per- 
 form a meritorious action. — ge-wo tyak 
 who thinks or performs actions for bene- 
 fit in another world. — ge-w6 rtip-lel 
 to have performed sufficient to receive 
 benefit in another world, to have attain- 
 ed to a high degree of sanctity. — ge-wo 
 yd i.q. ge-wo fyak. — ge-wo lorn zuk vb. to 
 do merit for another world. 
 
 gen office etc. see gan. 
 
 gen s. a dome, a cupola gen-tsen s. a 
 tower. 
 
 gel i. q. gal to break. 
 
 go the first personal pronoun I, see kd; 
 go kd-do I myself; — go-nun li-wiin-ka 
 nydn-nd-o listen to what I say; — go-sd 
 of me; with, from, of me; ray, mine. — 
 go gmn ydn mat vb. to boast, to be 
 egotistical. See also gd. 
 
 go vb. (cfi'. ga, go, giim) to be: without 
 regard to person, hit go it is he; go-pa, 
 go-po it is, certainly, truly, verily; neg.: 
 go vid-go-ne it is not I, go md-go-nd gdn 
 if I had not been there, if it was not 
 for me. yo md-go-nd gdn if it were not 
 so; a-lom md-go-ne this will not do. 
 
 go-ba sometimes; — go-bi somewhere, 
 where ever; go-bi md-non-ne (I am) going 
 nowhere; — go-run T. yan-run affixed 
 has the sense of whatever, ever-soever 
 notwithstanding, yet, however; to go-run 
 whoever, whosoever; m go-i'un whatever; 
 sd-t'a go-run 1. whenever, 2. either, or. 
 M. 44. 86. ho sd-tet dyok zuk go-run go 
 a-dom buk-80 however much you work 
 I will beat you; 1o a-lom U go-run I'ap- 
 c6n li whoever says so, lied; sd-tet don 
 go-run md-fop-nd-h however much you 
 seek for it, you will not find it; — go-run 
 repeated it signifies either — or as mon 
 go-run bik go-run either the pig or the 
 cow; — go-run-ld whatever; to go-run 
 klon send any one. — go-Id is also like- 
 wise whether or mak go-Id zu go-Id 
 md-ndn-nd-so whether I die or live, 
 I will not go. 
 
 go go 1. some, sometimes; 2. one- 
 self, by oneself, alone; 3. entirely, 
 together. 
 
 *go T. mgo hon. i. q. u 1. head; — 
 2. summit, height; — the highest; 3. first 
 place; — 4. beginning; yuk-go the capital 
 or ornamental flourish at commencement 
 of books, writings etc. 
 
 '"go-cen i. q. u-cen; — *go t'om T. mgo 
 'torn vb. to be in perplexity, to be in 
 doubt, to be embarrassed, to be bewilder- 
 ed. — *go-pdn T. mgo-dpon s. a headman, 
 a chief, a superintendent. — '^ go met i.q. 
 u-met. 
 
 *go T. sgo(-mo) in comp. gate "go- 
 do A T. sgo-sdan s. 1. a gate, gateway, 
 2. a bolt, a bar for door; *go-sum T. sgo- 
 gsum s. "the three doors"; in incantations 
 three figures are made from dough by 
 priest and placed on the altar in shape 
 of heads viz. of a pig, a tiger and a cow, 
 which is symbolical of sin, the body and 
 the mind, go-sum klon vb. to cause evil 
 spirit to enter the go-sum from body of 
 patient. 
 
 go-cen incorr. for gom-cen s. a hermit. 
 
 go-jok incorr. for gom-jok. 
 
 go dam (lit. "I bind" M.) s. a button, 
 go dam cet vb. to button. 
 
 go-ddm s. choice, selection, also go-dom; 
 go-ddm-lun lyd take whatever you like; 
 go-ddm mat vb. to select. 
 
 go-mf s. a binding, a fillet go-mi gryom 
 vb. to bind with fillet. 
 
 go-yo s. sores, ulcers; go-yo pld ulcers 
 to break out. 
 
 go-run see go. 
 
 go-rum adv. in pieces go-rum cdk vb. 
 to break into pieces, to crush. 
 
 go-rdm T. sgor-ba (to thicken etc.) s. 
 goor, the inspissated juice of sugarcane. 
 
 go-liii n. pr. of place see i-lam. 
 
 go-lok 1. adj. contrary, opposite, ob- 
 verse; go-lok gum is contrary; 2. s. anti- 
 thesis a-re-nun o-re-sd go-lok gum this is 
 the reverse of that. 
 
 'go-loii, go-lun incorr. i. q. ge-lon, ge- 
 Idn P. 
 
go-vd— gok-bo 
 
 *gon — gon 
 
 57 
 
 go-v4 circuitous, round about, htl I6m 
 go-vd ndn he went a round about way. 
 
 *gok T. gogQ-po) vb. to be old, to be 
 worn out, to be become useless (as any- 
 thing), to be ruined (as house), to be 
 dilapidated, to be wrecked (as ship); K 
 gok a deserted house. — gok-bo useless, 
 old, ruined. 
 
 gok 1. vb. to be dirty, to be dusty. 
 2. s. dirt, dust; gok-bo id. — pd-gok-ld 
 or kd-gok-ld adv. dirty (colour), not pure 
 (as cloth or any thing white), turbid (as 
 water), dun (colour). — kd- gok-bo adj. 
 whitely brown, dun, sallow (colour); 
 tarbid, milky, not clear (as water), dasty 
 (appearance) or white with snow, frost, 
 mould etc. 
 
 "gok, gdk T. "gag, 'gegs vb. to knock 
 against, to be caught in (as in bush), to 
 come in contact with, to be an obstacle, 
 an impediment; a stumbling block; — 
 to be caught in as in noose or snare, 
 to be tied, laced, constricted. — gok ndn 
 to have knocked against, to be impeded, 
 to be entangled, to be encumbered, to 
 be barricaded, to be offended; — to be 
 tied, laced, looped; a-yu a-re-ka gok-kun-d 
 doth this offend you J. 6. 61. 2. gok 
 "narrow and difficult" s. n. pr. of an old 
 military post between the great and little 
 Rungit and Ramam rivers W. 72. 
 
 gok-bo s. 1. an obstacle, an impediment, 
 a stumbling block, 2. a noose, a loop. 
 
 Deriv. a- gok s. an obstacle, an im- 
 pediment, anything in the way; a-gok 
 a-tydt s. an obstacle; — mlo a-gok s. a 
 thing not lasting, old and broken like 
 a basket. 
 
 gyok cans, of gok, gok to cause be- 
 wilderment; mun-nun gyok-kiin-d rihn- 
 nun gydk-kiin-d has God or a demon 
 caused this bewilderment; — lyan-nim 
 gyok-lun bram being bewildered with the 
 country he los this way. — in pass. s. mi- 
 len gydk to be bewildered at appearance 
 of fire from the eyes, as children when 
 in the dark. — gydk-ld adv. perplexingly. 
 
 gok-bo s. a spec, of wild leek. Allium. 
 
 *g0h T. gon-ma s. the upper, superior, 
 hon. prefix *gou ku jo T. gon sku gzogs 
 your majesty, your highness. 
 
 ''gon T. gon I. s. value, price, the 
 price fixed or asked, value, cost, rate; 
 gon kydp vb. 1. to fix the price, 2. to 
 bargain; II. vb. to value, a-re a-far sd- 
 tet ho sd-tet gon-mm-go what is the price 
 of this, at what do you value it M. 
 
 a-gon i. q. goii I. s. a-gon a-tim, gon 
 a-tim, gon cen a high price. — a-gon 
 a-cvm a low p. — a-gon Kak-ld ndn the 
 p. is rising; a-gon man-Id bi vb. to lower 
 the p.; a-gon ti-ld bi vb. to raise the p.; 
 a-gon nuii-nan the right price. 
 
 *gon T. sgoh{-ba) 1. vb. to form into a 
 ball (as mud, flour) to bring together, to 
 lump, to conglomerate; da-bryo pot gon 
 to make balls for pellet-bow. goh-luh da 
 vb. to lie doubled up. — gon dam vb. to 
 tie hands and feet, to tie body into a 
 ball. • — a-fiiii gon vb. to roll up a corpse 
 into a lump, so as to be enabled to stuff 
 it into a basket. — 2. L. to bring to- 
 gether, to collect, to accumulate; kom 
 gon fo to heap up riches. 
 
 *gon T. dgons(-pa) hon. 1. vb. to think, 
 to remember, kd-siim gon remember me 
 L. sak-ciii; 2. s. the thought, remem- 
 brance, applied to king; plan, purpose, 
 intention, a-lut-sd gon nyi-wun-pdn dot- 
 lun li to tell all the thoughts of the heart. 
 — gon.zuk vb. to plan, to purpose. 
 
 *gon-bo T. dgons-pa s; permission, leave 
 or absence; gon-bo M vb. to ask for fur- 
 lough. 
 
 *goh T. /Jow s. in L. evil thought, 
 malice, kum-dun-ka gon bu vb. to bear 
 malice against another; gon bun-bo ma- 
 licious. — "^gon hre or gon-bo hre T. /.'o/i- 
 Icro s. hon. anger, wrath, vengeance of 
 God or great man; n/m-sd goh hre; pd- 
 no-sd gon hre; gon hre also vb. hon. to 
 be angry, to be wrathful; gon md-hre-mm 
 be not angry with me. 
 
 gon pok vb. to humiliate, to humble, 
 to abase; s. humiliation. 
 
 gon, ind-gon-ne see go. 
 
 4* 
 
58 
 
 gon— gor 
 
 gor— gd 
 
 gon, a-gon s. the fin of a fish no gon. 
 
 gon-rdn see gun-ran. 
 
 gon rum rfk s. a spec, of creeper; g. r. 
 •pot s. a spec, of currant. 
 
 gop for gap vb. to be spread out. 
 
 gop hollow below; large hollow im- 
 pression; kd gop hand slightly bent with 
 knuckles upwards; — vb. to make a 1. h. 
 impression; etc. vyen-ka po-nun gop-lun 
 dam vb. to bind doorway with split 
 bamboo hollowside downwards or in- 
 wards. — ffop-pd gop-pd hryak vb. to 
 leave large footprints. 
 
 tun-gop-mo Tbr. a bear, ace. M. "prob- 
 ably from the noise it makes" 
 
 gorn vb. to hug, to nestle. 
 
 cans, gyom vb. to gather together, to 
 collect, to assemble, to muster P. gyom 
 t'o id. J. vn pat-bo sd dii-bo sd-kryom-ld 
 sak-ryut sdn-ka du-bo-nun 16 lyo-lun fok 
 rem tm mdk-sd vid-nym-nuii-ka gyom t'o 
 and he that reapeth receiveth wages, and 
 gathereth fruit unto life eternal: that both 
 he that soweth and he that reapeth may 
 rejoice together J. 4. 36. gyom-Uk id. Ex., 
 see gyam, a-gyam. 
 
 gom T. sgom^-pa) vb. to be used to, to 
 be accustomed to. 
 
 gom T. bsgom (see gam) s. devotion, 
 religion, meditation, contemplation, re- 
 flection, devout austerity; vb. to meditate, 
 to perform devotion, to worship; gom cen 
 
 1. deep devotion, 2. a hermit, devotee, 
 a saint, n. pr. of a bird "the hermit" 
 Gyps tenuirostris W. in R. 204. g. c. mat 
 vb. to practise ascetism. 
 
 gom-tbm i. q. go-tom. 
 
 gom-jok T. sgam-jog s. order, rule, 
 regularity; g.-j. md-nyin-nm irregularity, 
 disorder, derangement, confusion. 
 
 gor T. 'gar(-ba) 1. vb. to tarry, to delay, 
 
 2. to be passed, to be spent (as time) 
 pronounced gur. — gar-rd gor-rd adv. 
 delay, shilly-shally. 
 
 gor vb. to watch, to guard, to protect, 
 to look after; to head as shepherd his 
 sheep. 
 
 gor-bo a protector, a leader. 
 
 gor vb. to take bull as cow; gor to-twt 
 the rutting-season. 
 
 *gor (see kor) vb. to environ, to encircle, 
 to enclose; gor-lun dam vb. to tie any- 
 thing round; pol sun gor bu nan to sur- 
 round with magic circle. 
 
 gor-fdk i. q. r'ior-tdk s. no, na. 
 
 go see gd., go, gihn vb. to be, employed 
 in the second person interr. M. 52. 141. 
 ho to go who are you; ho m mat-tun go 
 what are you doing. 
 
 *gd T. sga s. saddle, see on-go. go sd 
 s6p a saddle and briddle; gd-kep T. sga- 
 I'ebs s. saddle-cloth; gd-yop s. a stirrup; 
 gd-ri s. a saddle-girth; — go kyop vb. to 
 put on saddle, to saddle; go fyol or ftyon 
 to take off s. ; g6 bu to bear s. 
 
 gd T. dgd(^ba) vb. 1. to rejoice, to be 
 pleased, to be glad, to be merry, cheer- 
 ful, joyful, to be delighted P. — 2. vb. 
 to like, to be affectous for, to love, ho 
 md-go-min-ka in case of your not liking. 
 — a-do sd-re go re m,at-td whatever you 
 please that do. — Negat. md-go-ne 1. to 
 be displeased with, to be unhappy, to 
 be distressed, 2. not to like, not to love, 
 to hate; md-go-nun-sd cin an unpleasant 
 thought. 
 
 go-bo s. a friend, a lover; go-bo-sdii 
 hu 7nak-n6n-ne yo hryop a-tsom ak he 
 being died his friends wept and tore 
 their hair. — go-Id adv. 1. cheerfully, 
 happily, merrily, joyfully, gladly; 2. affec- 
 tionately, fondly, kindly, lovingly; go-Id 
 mat vb. to make cheerful, to render, 
 happy. — go-Id det approaching the age 
 of puberty Tbr. — go md go; go md go- 
 sd very dear beloved, darling; go md 
 go-sd md-ro a very dear person. — go- 
 wun s. cheerfulness, gladness, happiness, 
 gaiety, pleasure; affection, attachment, 
 love; a-lut-ka go-wun pld or nun (joy) 
 to spring up in the heart. — go-ldt s. 
 pleasure. 
 
 Deriv. a-go and a-go a-nyi s. joy, 
 pleasure, love, charity. — td-go i. q. a-go 
 s. pleasure, desire, will; td-g6 kd gdn if 
 it please you. 
 
g6k— gdh-tok 
 
 gdp— (gdl) ta-gdl 
 
 59 
 
 Comp. *ffd kro (T. -grogs) s. a sweet- 
 heart, a lover; go go kro kro pleasure, 
 gaieties, festivities; *gd cok adj. I. fit to 
 love, beautiful, comely, lovely; 2. desir- 
 able, vb. to be lovely etc., to be desirable; 
 go cok-kiin-sd lyaii a lovely place, g. c. 
 k.-sd tcl-dyu a comely woman; g. c. k.-sd 
 mlo a desirable thing. — ^go-den T. dga- 
 Idan 1. joyful, happy, 2. paradise, the 
 abode of the gods, Skt. Tushita. — *^o'- 
 dom T. dgd-dam s. choice, selection; kd- 
 do kd-su go-dom-mun by my own choice; 
 go-d&iii mat vb. to choose, to select; also 
 go-dom-. 
 
 gdk vb. 1. to come off in flakes, to 
 scurf; 2. to scald rice etc. in order to 
 get off husk zo gdk; 3. to have mange. 
 
 kd-gok-ld adv. scabby, scurfy (state of 
 skin) also halfburnt state. 
 
 a-gok s. the mange in dogs, the itch 
 adj. scalded; a-gok tsdt contagious; see 
 also pd-gok-bii. 
 
 *gdk T.'gag s. a door, an outerdoor; vyeii 
 T. sgo-gag; — gok-bo s. a sort of porter at 
 gate, a chaukidar; T. 'gag-pa see gok. 
 
 gdn vb. to open in fissures, to open 
 out, to gape as ground or wood in dry 
 weather; to be apart, to warp, to be 
 divided, to be asunder. 
 
 gon-ld adv. co gon-ld pi vb. to write 
 a book with lines wide apart zo gon-ld 
 pok vb. to dibble wide apart. 
 
 Der. tiir-gon i. q. fur-din s. a pit, a 
 deep mine. 
 
 gdn i. q. sd-gon within, inside li sd-gd/i 
 within the house: li-sd sd-gd/i P.; the 
 socket of eye: viik gdn hu see mik. 
 
 gdn, a-gdn s. spur; hik gdn a cocks 
 spur; the claw of a crab. 
 
 *gdn for T. sgan{-pa) vb. to be fulfilled, 
 to be completed; nam gdn the year to 
 be ended; applied by L.'s to the last 
 day of the moon. 
 
 *gdn T. Man s. house, temple: hla-gon 
 T. hla-Kan a temple; J. gdn-cdk or cok 
 T. Kan-rcog s. a steeple, a spire. 
 
 gdn-tok s. n. pr. of place in Sikhim, 
 gdn-tok-bo s. the inhabitant of G. 
 
 gdp partially dry as anything damp 
 before fire see sum-siim-ld sow; gdp tet 
 son or gdp-ld son to be partially dried. 
 
 gdp-pd gdp-pd adv. applied to rio to 
 thirst, to have unquencheable thirst, gdp- 
 pd gdp-pd fun vb. to gulp down. 
 
 gdp: gdp-ld adv. aside, apart; gdp-ld to 
 vb. to place apart. 
 
 gdp see nydp; Deriv. a-gdj) s. the node 
 or point whence sprouts issue from the 
 stem. — td-gop s. 1. a slice cut out of 
 the lower side of tree in cutting ; t. g. 
 dyap vb. to cut notch; td-gdp mat cek 
 vb. to cut the slice out of the side of 
 the tree in the direction in which it is 
 to fall. 2. the hollow behind knee ku 
 td-gdp; td-gdp tsan-tsan mat gdn I'et nyi 
 if the t. vibrate, it is a sign of strength. 
 tun-gdp or t'oA-gdp s. the os tibia. 
 
 gdm, a-gdm s. a series, a concatinatiou, 
 a chain, continuity, a train, a span of 
 thumb and middle-finger kd-gdm; a stride 
 a-dyan gdm a step ; fo gdm "double teeth"' 
 the grinders; a cluster; kur-don gom a 
 cluster of plantains. 
 
 gdr vb. 1. to rise partially, to raise 
 up a little, to curl up, to warp ; — gdr-rd 
 gdr-rd rising up a little. — 2. to be rest- 
 less, agitated; — kd-gdr-ld restless, sitting 
 down and getting up; kd-gdr-ld nan vb. 
 to be r., sitting down and getting up; 
 kd-gdr-ld luk or gdr-rd gdr-rd luk vb. to 
 rise up and down (a little). — 3. to 
 assail, to attack M. — 4. s. a kick: tun- 
 gor or fon-gdr; gdr or tun-gdr dydk to 
 kick backwards. 
 
 gdr vb. to rest M. 146; gdr-lyan a rest- 
 ing place ibd. 
 
 gdl vb. to roll down, to roll away, to 
 turn over; ace. W. 64 fallen or upset 
 see gal, glo. 
 
 Deriv. piifi-gdl a piece of wood used 
 to fling at things (as to bring fruit from 
 trees); pun-gol tyok to fling p. 
 
 (gdl) ta-gdl s. the gizzard of fowls. 
 
 (gdl) ta-gdl adj. poor, destitute as child- 
 ren Tbr. ; td-gdl tHk-dim or td-gdl tiik-dydm 
 or on td-gdl s. Tbr. poor orphans. 
 
60 
 
 gyd— gyan 
 
 gyan— *gya 
 
 gya vb. 1. to be cautious of, to be care- 
 ful of, gyd-lun fo to place by with care, 
 to preserve carefully, gyd-Ui/i ayok zuk 
 to -work carefully. — 2. to rest from 
 labour, to refrain from work: a-M gyd 
 7nd-zu gyd, on ace. of any superstitious 
 cause as signs, omens or portents or 
 when propitiating evil spirits, mun zuk- 
 ba ma-ro dit md-kon-nun a-dyan sur md- 
 zn gyd-0 when propitiating evil spirit let 
 no one approach, set a check to their 
 foot -steps and cease from labour, see 
 gyiivi. 
 
 gyan s. stream of water; gydn-hd gydn- 
 iid advly. hanging down, dangling down 
 (as rope etc.); streaming down (as water 
 etc.); g.-nd nan to hang pendulous. 
 
 gydt (see gyoi) vb. 1. to be disinclined 
 to' do anything; to be averse; to be un- 
 willing. 2. T. 'god{-pa) to repent, to be 
 sorrowful for sin, see gyot. 
 
 gyan T. rgyan I. 1. an ornament, an 
 embellishment; gydn kyop or mat vb. to 
 ornament, to adorn, to embellish. — the 
 lining of clothes; gydn kyop vb. to line 
 
 clothes. 
 
 a- gyan or a- gyan a- so a 
 
 miracle, a wonder, a supernatural event, 
 marvel, thaumaturgy, used also in sense 
 of eventuality e. c. dek fak-luii mak ron- 
 sen'a-re a-gydn su yd-Uin frd7n-ydm-o 
 fate being satisfied death claims its own, 
 knowing this eventuality beware; in P. 
 supernatural knowledge T. rig Skt. vidyd 
 a-gydn a-so lyo-liin T. rig-dsin Skt. vi- 
 dyddhara. — a-gydn dot vb. to perform 
 a miracle; — a-gydn nyim-bo possessed 
 with supernatural power; — a-gydn nyim- 
 Idt s. miraculous power, inspiration; — 
 a-gydn-nun mat-bo by means of divine 
 power; — a-gydn-sd mon mydr a super- 
 natural dream. — lyan td-se gydn-mit the 
 glorious, marvelous goddess of Ta-se. 
 
 n. 1. a stake at play etc., 2. lot etc.; 
 gydn Kyu to contend for stakes, gydn 
 Kyu-lun kd-su a-bryan pld having cast 
 lots it fell to my name. — gydn-po T. 
 rgyan-po s. a chessboard; g. p. kfi vb. to 
 play at chess, 
 
 gyan T. 'granQ-pa) vb. to vie with, to 
 contest, to contend for, to emulate; to 
 assume, to arrogate, to aifect, to pretend 
 to; a-bo a-mo gydn md-ld-ne no one can 
 supply the place of parents (lit. do the 
 office of do.). 
 
 gyan see gan. 
 
 gydn see gdn. 
 
 *gydn T. rgyun (continuity), gydn-nd 
 gydn-nd advly. so gydn-nd gydn-nd yu 
 vb. to rain in torrents vi gydn-nd gydn- 
 nd pld blood to issue in a stream; in a 
 long pendent (as creeper etc.) hanging 
 or branch of weeping willow. 
 
 gyam vb. 1. to turn aside (as bullet), 
 to ward off (as blow). — 2. to remain, 
 to be quiet, to be at rest, to be still, to 
 be at peace; gydm mat-bam vb. to re- 
 main, where one is; to be quiet, gydvi 
 mat-td-o remain quiet. 2. s. tranquility, 
 rest, repose, peace, see gya. 
 
 gydm, a-gydm adj. entire, whole, com- 
 plete, gydm mat-t'o vb. to leave entire; 
 md gal-lun gydm-fo do not break it, keep 
 it entire. 
 
 gyar vb. (old L.) to be apprehensive 
 of; to shrink from; to be afraid of. 
 
 gyar s. a bracelet; gydr cdk vb. to put 
 on b.; gydr 6t vb. to take off b. 
 
 gyar, gydr-ko see kydr- see also nok. 
 
 gyar-kuh s. n. of tree. 
 
 gyal see gal. 
 
 gydl (to vanish), gydl-ld or kydl-ld tap 
 vb. to put out of sight, to hide, to con- 
 ceal; kydl-ld noh vb. to go out of sight 
 to disappear. — a-gydl adj. safe. 
 
 *gya T. rgya s. extent, width *gya- 
 kram or gya-krdm T. rgya-gram s. 1. a 
 cross, 2. a silver coin (in value about 
 sixpence); — gya-kram fam-blydk a spec, 
 butterfly. — *gya-gar T. rgya-gar s. India; 
 gya-gar do7--ji-den T. rgya-gar rdo-rje-gdan 
 Yajrasana (Gaya) P. — *gya-cun or gya- 
 cun-mo T. rgya-can a variegated, striped 
 woolen cloth of narrow width. — *9y<^-ji 
 T. rgya-gzi s. a revenue, ground-rent 
 i. q. kdm fop lyan a tributary kingdom. 
 — *'gya-n6k or gya-nak T. rgya-nag s. 
 
'gya-gyap 
 
 China M. 88. — *gya-pdn T. rgya-dpon s. 
 an revenue -collector or tax-gatherer. 
 *gija-'pi, gija-bi T. rgya-pibs s. a ridge of 
 roof, also a room built under ridge of 
 roof: li gya-bi. — *gya pi-lin T. rgya jn- 
 glin s. British India. — "gya-mi T. rgya- 
 mi a Chinaman. — "gya-mo T. rgya-mo 
 (a Chinese woman) in L. an inhabitant 
 of China. — "gya-tsa T. rgya-tm s. sal 
 ammoniac, chloride of ammonium. — *gya 
 Uo T. rgya-tsos s. the lac-dye; gya (ts'o) 
 bik s. the lac-insect, Coccus lacca. — *gya.- 
 ti'o or *gyam-t)<o T. rgya-mtso s. the sea, 
 the ocean M. 82. g. ts.-sd nvm-hon the 
 waves of the s. ; g. ti.-sd bu-gdk the foam 
 of s.; g. ts.-sd a- jura the spray of s.; 
 g. ts.-sd a-kii'i the sea-shore; g. ts. su vb. 
 (the sea) to roar. — *gya-ri T. rgya-ri s. 
 meat, a piece of meat. — *gya-lih T. rgya- 
 glin s. a flageolet. — ^'gya-hri T. rgya-Kri 
 s. a chair, a couch. 
 
 *gya T. rgya s. a seal, a mark; *gya-t6 
 T. rgya-tags s. a seal, a mark, a stamp. 
 
 *gya or gyd T. brgya num. one hundred. 
 gyo-bo-re the hundreth; gyd-bo-re nam 
 kd-kydk seven hundred years. — gya-kon 
 s. a chandelier with hundred lamps. 
 
 gya or gya bf s. a spec, of basil (as 
 vegetable). 
 
 gya-bu s. a scale of weight. 
 
 gya-re kun s. name of tree, on which 
 the lac-insect feeds. 
 
 gya z6 muk s. name of plant, spec, of 
 Ruellia. 
 
 gya-se kuii s. name of tree, Erythrina 
 arborescens; gya-se rip the flower of Ery- 
 thrina arborescens. 
 
 gya-sih s. a spec, of Aralia, A. pseudo- 
 ginseng. 
 
 gya-pu T. sgid-bu lit. "a support of 
 bricks", s. stones erected round a fire 
 for placing pots on to boil. 
 
 *gyah T. rgyan s. far distance; gyan- 
 ser s. a telescope. 
 
 gyan see gan. 
 
 gyap vb. to be numerous, to be plenti- 
 ful, un a-yu bat gyap-lixh stik-dum lyan- 
 ka sur tet gyap-pd and you be ye fruitful. 
 
 'gyap— *gyal 
 
 61 
 
 and multiply, bring forth abundantly in 
 the earth and multiply therein G. to 
 be abundant; to be dear. 
 
 a-gyap adj. numerous, much, many; 
 dear, a-gyap a-man-ka o tet nyi there 
 is neither much nor little. 
 
 gyap adv. much. — gyap ran gyap gdn 
 at most, about; gyap rdn gyap gdil /'«, 
 kat nyi at most there were twenty. — 
 gyap-fyin adv. many times. — gyap-co s. 
 most, the majority. — gyap - mo many, 
 most. — gyap-ldt s. abundance, numbers, 
 multitude. — gyap-pd i. q. gyap adv. — 
 len gyap-pd more often than P. 
 
 "*gyap T. rgyab s. the back; gyap kyo 
 mat vb. to protect the b.; gyap gi aydk 
 vb. to sit back to back; gyap gi dydk 
 non vb. to die Tbr. ; gyap gi mat vb. to 
 recline. 
 
 gyam vb. to be turned upside down, 
 to be topsy turvy; gyam da-nyi to be 
 lying with face downwards as man or 
 thing opp. to glyok da-nyi\ a-mlem gyam 
 gyam non to have face downwards, to be 
 ashamed, to be confounded; co gyam-ld 
 fo the book is placed on its wrong side. 
 
 gyam dydn vb. to overthrow, to sub- 
 vert J. 
 
 gyam see under gya. 
 
 *gyain-tut T. skyabs-nd'ud s. a silkband 
 worn round head supporting the hair. 
 
 gyam ndk s. a small field for sowing 
 small grain; gyam ndk btik vb. to clear 
 a small field. 
 
 gyar, a-gyar s. overthrow. M. 
 
 *gyal and gye T. rgyal I. gye T. rgyal- 
 (ba) vb. to win, to gain a victory, to con- 
 quer, to vanquish, to overcome. — *gye-bo 
 or '^gye-pu 1. T. rgyal-ba s. a conqueror, 
 a victor, a winner. — 2. T. rgyal-po s. a 
 king, a monarch L. pd-no also *gyal-po 
 and gye-pu P. — "gyal-mo T. rgyal-mo s. 
 a queen; ''gyal-t^:op T. rgyal-tsap s. a vice- 
 roy; *gyal-se T. rgyal-sras 1. a prince; 
 2. a saint; ''gye-bo />'a ndk T. rgyal-po ka 
 nag s. Adamia cyanea, used as purgative. 
 — a-gye or a-gye a-tu s. victory; a-gye 
 rill s. the news of victory; a-gye nyim-bo 
 
(32 
 
 gyit— gyiim 
 
 gyum— *gyur 
 
 s. a conqueror. — II. s. *gye in comp. 
 gyal 1. a victory; "2. the stakes contended 
 for, a prize; compensation for adultery, 
 fine of adultery "gysh" (misprint.) apud 
 Campbell, Journ. Etlmol. Soc. of Lond. I, 
 No. 2; H. H. Risley, Tribes and Castes 
 of Bengal, Calc. 1892 2, 7. gye-coii s. a 
 feast given by a winner opp. pam-cdA s. 
 a feast given by person who looses. — 
 *gyal-tidn T. rgyal-mtsan s. a trophy, a 
 sign of victory, a flag of honour. — ^'gyaX- 
 wo T. rgyal-ba s. majesty, royalty; gyal- 
 wo rin-po-ce his supreme majesty, his 
 royal highness. 
 
 *gyit ace. M. fr. T. rgyud (or skyed-paf) 
 vb. to succeed, to follow; gyit-liin di 
 vb. to follow in succession. — s. a-gyit 
 succession, race, generation, pedigree, 
 stock, breed G. a-gyit-tiiti non or a-gyit 
 mok non to become extinct. — Uim-gyit 
 s. ancestors. 
 
 *gyuk T. rgyug (a running) vb. to 
 gallop, to run fast, to scamper off, to 
 flee. — a-gyuk s. running fast, a gallop; 
 a-gyuk-hdm-ka non to go all the way at 
 a gallop. 
 
 gyun, a-gyiih s. a waterfall: uh-gyun. 
 
 gyut, a-gyiit s. a small bulbous root, 
 applied chiefly to sun-kri and nyin. 
 
 gyun vb. obsc. to become rigid tik 
 gyun; to be lewd, lustful. 
 
 gyiip vb. to be finished, to be ended; 
 to be exhausted; zo ayek gywp-non the 
 harvest is ended; rd-ku rd-son gyup-non 
 the provisions are exhausted. 
 
 gyup vb. to be stiff i. q. but, to be be- 
 numbed from cold or remaining in one 
 position: kd-sii dyan gyiip-non. 
 
 *gyup T. sgyid-bu s. a support for 
 cooking-pan over fire; *ca-gynp T. Ica- 
 sgyid s. an iron support for do.; see also 
 gya-pCi. 
 
 gyum (see gyd) vb. 1. to take care, to 
 be cautious, to be vigilant, watchful, to 
 be prudent; gyinn-iiid imp. Ex. — gyum- 
 Um part, cautious, guardful. gyim-lu/l 
 zuk vb. to make with care. 
 gyum-ld adv. carefully, cautiously. 
 
 2. to take aim at any thing, to take 
 good aim. 
 
 gyum-bo or gymn-ydm-bo s. adj. 1. a 
 cautious person; a prudent p. 2. one 
 who can take a good aim, a good shot. 
 — gyum-ldt s. caution, carefulness, circum- 
 spection, prudence, vigilance. 
 
 gyum incorr. i. q. gydm entire. 
 
 gyur; gyur-rd gyur-rd advly. shrinking 
 as from shame; uk-lun gyiir-rd gyur-rd li 
 vb. to feel a shrinking from shame. 
 
 *gyur T. 'gyur see ko-gyiir. 
 
 *gyu T. rgyu s. 1. matter, substance, 
 material; a-re su-sd gyu nyi-wiin-d what 
 is the substance of, which this is com-- 
 posed, what is this made of. — M-sd 
 rin-sd gyu the purport of his speach. — 
 substance, nervus rerum, money, wealth; 
 kd-su a- klip man-po gyu md-nyin-ne ex- 
 cept my child I have nothing (no proper- 
 ty); gyu inaty\). to merchandise; gyu sok 
 vb. to accumulate riches, wealth; 2. pre- 
 paration, arrangements. 
 
 *gyu T. rgyud s. character, disposition; 
 hu sak-lyak-sd gyu go-pa he has an irri- 
 table disposition; a-do gyu sd-lo go what 
 is your condition, what is the state of 
 your affairs; how are you. 
 
 *gyu T. rgyus s. notice, intelligence, 
 knowledge; hti gyu-nyim-bo gum he is 
 an able, gifted person; hu gyu md-nyin-ne 
 he has not the faculty or ability. — 
 history, story, tale, narrative, lesson, a-do 
 gyu hlap-pd-o learn your lesson; fam-sd 
 gyu pi vb. to write a treatise on a sub- 
 ject. — gyu-ydt s. wisdom, knowledge. 
 
 *gyu T. dkyus see pi-gyu. 
 
 *gyu T. sgyu s. illusion, deception, 
 jugglery; mik gyu an optical illusion. 
 
 *gyu T. rgyus s. a gathering together, 
 a collection of. 
 
 gyu vb. to change for the worse, to 
 deteriorate, to degenerate, to be reduced 
 as from sickness (for gyur)\ see ce-mo gyu. 
 
 gyut see gyiit. 
 
 gyup see tuk-cin gyup. 
 
 *gyur (see gyu) T. 'gyur-ba vb. to be 
 changed, to change, to alter, to translate, 
 
gyul— gyek 
 
 gyek ka-ndk— gydh 
 
 63 
 
 to transmute, to transform, to vary, to 
 modify; sometimes to alter for the better 
 "to improve" ^ja cit gyur or gyu to im- 
 prove the size of a bulbous root by cutt- 
 ing it; to alter for the worse; to de- 
 generate or change for the ■worse. — to 
 multiply as in arithmetic. — to represent, 
 to relate as story, to detail. 
 
 gyul vb. to be oval, ovalshaped (as 
 cup, weights of net) a-re ka-yd gyul bam; 
 sun-li pot gyul; — ui'i gyul a pool (oval- 
 shaped) of water. 
 
 *gye see *gyal- 
 
 *gye T. rgyas adj. large, great, ex- 
 tensive, ample, much; gye-ko T. rgyas-sgo 
 a large door, a gate. — gye gye adv. much, 
 very much, so as to excite wonder; gye 
 gye ayi1m-ba there is too much; sd-ro/i 
 ci gye gye fdn-fat he has to-day drunk 
 an extraordinary quantity of beer. 
 
 *gye T. dgye s. a reclining position; 
 gye-U s. an hour of the day correspond- 
 ing nearly to our 4 o'clock in the after- 
 noon. 
 
 *gye T. dgyes(-pa) 1. s. joy, mirth, gaity, 
 2. vb. to be happy, joyful, to be gay; 
 sum gye id. 
 
 *gye T. yyem? or rgyalf see under 
 gydl; s. compensation or damages for 
 adultery; gye M vb. to pay damages for 
 adultery. 
 
 gyek in P. (Mscpt.) gek T. skye-ba vb. 
 to bring forth, to give birth to; vb. n. 
 to be born, to be generated, to be creat- 
 ed (life); go gyek-su-o may I be born; 
 a-do md-gyek-nd-ba when you were not 
 born; nvm-sim-nyo md-gyek-nd-ba before 
 the birth of man. P.; go-niin a-dom gyek 
 I gave you birth; gyek-kiin-sd mak vb. to 
 die in labour; gyek tet-ka mak vb. to die 
 in birth; gyek-ren tsu-lM beginning from 
 birth; gyek-ren md-mak-nd tet from birth 
 to death; gyek byi or gyek to vb. to bring 
 forth, to bread P. — gyek-ldt s. birth. — 
 kd-ta zon gyek-bo unigenitus Chr. 
 
 a-gyek s. a birth; a-gyek du s. labour- 
 pains; a-gyek-lyan s. a birthplace; a-gyek- 
 ren md-U-num-bo blind from birth; a-gyek 
 
 sd-nyi s. a birth-day; a-gyek a-mak md- 
 fyak-niim-bo a thoughtless person (lit. one 
 who thinks neither of birth or deatli). 
 
 gyek ka-ndk i. q. gye-bo kd-n6k. 
 
 gyek muk s. a plant. 
 
 gyeii see tiiii-gyen; sUn-ban gyeri,-kun. 
 
 gyen see gan, see also v6ii\ see also 
 gydn, a-gydn. 
 
 gyen-tsen s. a tower G. see gen. 
 
 a-gyer s. the bark of an arrow. 
 
 a-gyel adj. 1. single, not in clusters. — 
 2. tough, hard. 
 
 gyo s. a machine of offence, used in 
 war by forming a spring made by forcing 
 a tree backwards; when released it casts 
 heavy stones placed thereon; gyo dydn 
 vb. to cast stone by gyo. 
 
 *gyo T. rgyo s. copulation; ^gyo zdn 
 T. rgyo Ijan a T. word of abuse, a 
 copulator. 
 
 gyot see not, gydt. 
 
 *gyot T. 'gyod{-pa') vb. to repent, to be 
 sorrowful. 
 
 gyom see gmn. 
 
 a-gyom adj.: ri/'i a-gyom s. a general 
 expression, what has become proverbial. 
 
 gyor vb. to bring or drive back as 
 animal, that has strayed; gyor bu-no drive 
 it back hence, bik a-lem gyor bH di drive 
 back the cow in this direction. 
 
 gyd vb. to break friendship; to quarrel; 
 to quarrel so as to separate and not to 
 speak; md-rd-sd gyo vb. to quarrel with 
 another. 
 
 *gyd T. rgyags (-pa) adj. expansive, 
 fully-developped, stout, po gyo a fully- 
 developped man. 
 
 gyd, gyd-m vb. to be finished, to be 
 expended, to be exhausted; a-zom gy6 
 non the food is expended, gyom jjlyok 
 dydn to cut off J. 18. 10. 
 
 *gyd see gya. 
 
 gydk see gok. 
 
 gydn s. saliva, gyod bon-nd bdn s. a 
 running of saliva; gyd/i cil saliva to flow. 
 
 gydn vb. to mutter over, as priest his 
 prayers, to intone, to recite; no gym to 
 pronounce magic words; ma-nyi gy&n to 
 
64 
 
 gyoii— gra 
 
 gran— gri't grft 
 
 cliaunt the mmn: om mani pe-me hun. 
 adj. sonorous. 
 
 gydn 1. in comp. a sausage; kai' gyon 
 id.; nak gyon a black s. — 2. used some- 
 times for grcin to stuff.* 
 
 gydii adj. s. far; distance; tson gyon an 
 arrow d. 
 
 gydn vb. to bother, to joke, to jest or 
 play with in a troublesome manner; ka- 
 sum yan mu-gyon-nun do not bother 
 me so. 
 
 *gydp fr. T. rgyab byed-pa vb. to support, 
 to second, to back, to side with, to take 
 the part of, to uphold, to maintain, to 
 defend: Lepcha tiin-ddk; — gyop-bo a 
 supporter, a defender, a vindicator, a 
 champion of. See also gya-p. 
 
 gydp: hh gyop a valley. 
 
 gydp: tun-gyop weak on legs; t.-g. pe 
 vb. to walk straddly with legs bent and 
 shaking. 
 
 gydtn see gyd. 
 
 gydm s. the right in opp. to vim the 
 left; gydm kd the right hand; gydm kdn- 
 ka to the right; gydm-ka id. 
 
 gydr vb. 1. to glow as fire; mi^gydr s. 
 a live coal. 2. to glaze, to glitter, to 
 be shining, brilliant. — gy&r-bo brilliant, 
 bright, glittering; — gydr-ldt s. glow, 
 effulgency, brilliancy. 
 
 gydl a-gydl s. long cylindrical shape; 
 a-ti gydl a long-shaped egg; pi-ru gydl 
 a piece of coral. 
 
 grak vb. to open out, to render passable 
 (as road thro' jungle). 
 
 gran see gryen and grdn. 
 
 grat see pd-grdt-bo. 
 
 grdm 1. vb. to hasten, to speed, grdm- 
 Id soon Ex. quickly P. gram gram quick- 
 ly, hastily, speedily; gram gram mat vb. 
 to make haste; gram gram li to speak 
 fast; gram no-o go quickly. 2. s. speed, 
 haste, quickness. 
 
 a-gram adj. quick, speed; early as 
 potatoes. — kd-grdm-bo adj. quick. 
 
 grim see sd-grdm. 
 
 gra vb. to sit on edge (of teeth) as 
 anything sour fo gra. 
 
 gran vb. to be able to walk (child); 
 a-kup ik-ca gran md-lain-ne the child 
 cannot walk yet; uyeit bdn grait-ndn the 
 infant has commenced to walk. 
 gran see pa-gran. 
 
 grap-pa grap-pd onom. crunching, crisp 
 as toast, parched grain. 
 
 gram vb. to break, to crack, gram-bo 
 adj. broken; gram ydm-bo adj. brittle, 
 frangible. — gram-md gram-md li i. q. 
 md-zH kfim-gram,-m.d (la) li. gram-md 
 gram-md grik sound as of things break- 
 ing and crushing. 
 
 gryam cans, of gram, to cause to break, 
 reduj^l. kum,-gram nydn lydt vb. to 
 break in pieces; k.-gr. ndn lydt to fall 
 and break to pieces. — kiim-gramr-ld or 
 kHm- gryam-ld adv. broken in pieces. 
 md-zii kum-gram-ld li to feel as if body 
 was broken in pieces. 
 
 a-gri s. a dry twig of tree; a^gri kd- 
 ta-bo kd-ta-ka t'am nyi prov. birds of a 
 feather flock together. 
 
 grf s. a highstockaded fort W. 71, a 
 palace pd-no-sd gri; a fine city: gri kyun; 
 gri ca-ri s. the walls or battlements round 
 palace. 
 
 grf gri-m vb. to string bow; sd-U(grim) 
 gri; a-grim s. a string of bow; a-grim-ka 
 sit vb. to place the arrow. 
 
 grik s. noise, sound of anything; Idrii- 
 miin-sd grik the sound of foot-steps. 
 t'am-grik s. a noise. 
 a-grik s. 1. a sound, 2. a report, a-grik 
 a-cnm a low s. ; a-grik a-tim a loud s.; 
 a-grik dor a hollow s.; a-grik kyei'i a 
 shrill s. 
 
 grfk vb. to fructify, fruit to form from 
 the flower, to swell out applied to young 
 fruit; grik nan vb. id. 
 
 a-grik s. a small fruit not quite ripe. 
 td-grik s. young childhood from about 
 two to five years; applied also to beasts; 
 oh td-grik a child from about two to 
 five years; small tender budding (fruit) 
 fam-pdt td-grik. 
 
 grft grft (see grik) onom. a grating 
 sound. 
 
grfp— gron 
 
 groft — grdn 
 
 65 
 
 grfp vb. to confine, to cage (as bird 
 or animal), to put into paddock (as 
 sheep etc.), to stall (as horse); — grip 
 fo vb. to place into confinement (animal). 
 
 grim vb. to crunch; grim -Id tsuk vb. 
 to crunch with teeth; grim-Id tsuk grik 
 s. the noise of crunching M. 
 
 gruii vb. to be grooved; a-grun s. a 
 groove or long concave mark. 
 
 gruk, gvk, gok vb. to be dusty. 
 
 gruk see pd-gruk-bii. 
 
 gruk: pd-gruk, po-gruk, a- gruk dry 
 bamboo. 
 
 gruh also krun a cupshaped concavity; 
 to be hollow as bone, tree etc.; — a-grun 
 adj. hollow. 
 
 gruii: mik grun tears. 
 
 grun vb. to watch, to protect as hen 
 her chickens, hik hu-do a-kup grun, cat 
 a mouse, dog a bone; to guard, to shield. 
 — grun-bo a guardian, a protector, ka-ju 
 grun-bo a watch dog. 
 
 a-grun s. protection, a-grun mat vb. to 
 protect. 
 
 grek see krek vb. to be dried up. 
 
 gret 1. vb. to be hooked or crooked 
 (thorns); 2. s. the sharp crooked thorns 
 of cane ru-sd ju-gret; a-lut-ka ju-gret-sd 
 huk-md-o they will be hooked from the 
 middle (or interior) by a sharp crook P.; 
 see pd-gret-bu. 
 
 gren: tun-gren s. a hoof. 
 
 grem vb. to crack as nut see grim, grom. 
 grem-ld tsuk vb. to crack nut with teeth. 
 
 a-grem and gryam (see grip') s. a cage 
 for beasts. 
 
 gro vb. (old L.) to be stiff (as from 
 cold); a-grot adj. hard, said of yams. 
 
 grok, a-grok adj. very aged (man or 
 animal). 
 
 groii vb. to place in a resting position 
 as ladder; to make a 1. or support of 
 any kind, to form a scaffold; kun gron 
 {-Un hrdn) to place a tree in a reclining 
 position against anything (as house) (and 
 to mount on the top). — un gron-lUn pld 
 to form a bridge of stepping-stones or by 
 any support so as to reach opposite side. 
 
 td-gron or tun-gron s. a ladder; tun- 
 gron fdk s. the spoke or step in ladder; 
 md-ro krdk si-ba tun-gron fok-ka hron-re 
 zon when a man rises in grade he is 
 like a man mounting a ladder. 
 
 gron expletive to vyen probl. in ex- 
 tension of the meaning of above word 
 as means of access. 
 
 gron strong, powerful (voice) nyUm gron. 
 
 *gron tnuh or gr.-m. pd-no s. the demon 
 of death, fr. T. 'gron(^-ba) hon. to die. 
 
 grop vb. 1. to cover with hands, as 
 face to cover with hand, as when catch- 
 ing fly etc.; to pounce upon as cat on 
 mouse with paws. 
 
 2. to hide, to shelter, to shroud, grop 
 I6n vb. to take under protection, to shelter. 
 
 grop tsam 1. to seize upon, to pounce 
 upon; 2. to shelter, to protect, to hide. 
 
 grom vb. to be split, to be cracked as 
 glass, vessel etc.; po pd-tek grom-non the 
 bamboo-vessel is cracked. — grom grom 
 munching or crunching noise of m.; bik 
 pe fa-ba grom grom t'a vb. e. c. the cow 
 when eating makes a munching sound. 
 
 grol i. q. krol vb. to get foot into hole 
 when walking. 
 
 grdk: pd-grok-ld adv. slightly apart. 
 
 grdn and gran vb. to cry out or to 
 make noise simultaneously; fo gron-bam 
 the birds are singing together. — grSn- 
 nd gron hry&p to cry all at once; gron-nd 
 gron-nd simultaneous noise. 
 
 grdn, pd-groh or puk-gron s. length from 
 tips of fingers to tips of fingers when 
 both arms are stretched out; see tiin- 
 groh-bu. 
 
 grdt i. q. grot, gro to be hard, stony. 
 
 grdn vb. to hope, to trust, to be desi- 
 rous of; un-no-re zdn gron to hope with 
 extreme desire. 
 
 a- grdn s. hope, expectation; a- gron 
 blin-non to be disappointed; a-gron pa- 
 td nun-non to be disappointed; a-gron 
 mdk-ndn to lose hope; a-gron zdk or fdp 
 to have hope realized. 
 
 gron-mii adj. plausible; grdn-mii-sd rin 
 plausible language. — grdn-bo adj. hope- 
 
 5 
 
66 
 
 gi-dn— gryuk 
 
 ful, expectant; grdn cen hopeful; gron 
 met hopeless. 
 
 grdn md-nyin-ne there is no hope, to 
 be hopeless; grtin md-nyin-num-bo hope- 
 less. — grdn lyan ground for hope. — 
 gron byi Tb. to giye hope. 
 
 grdn (a distance); grdn tet ndn to go 
 some distance or gone for a short period. 
 — grdn dok-ld for a considerable time. 
 
 grdp expresses an indef. quantity of 
 matter, space or time neither much nor 
 little, considerable; nam grof P.; grop fa 
 he has eaten a considerable quantity; 
 grdp yd he knows a good deal; grdp 
 md-yd-ne he knows but little, grdp tet 
 for a considerable time or distance. — 
 grdp pyet about half. — grdp md-rum a 
 considerable distance. — grdp a-tdl tole- 
 rably near. 
 
 gryi vb. to be thin; gryd-ld, kd-gryd-ld 
 thin, skinny, emaciated. 
 
 grydn: grydn grydn weak, staggering. 
 
 grydt-ta grydt-td or grydt-td grydt-td 
 advly. trailing along, a long trail; grydt- 
 td grydt-td hrya vb. to trail along ground. 
 
 gry^t-ta i. q. gryot-td. 
 
 gry^n Tb. to have longing as for meat. 
 
 grydp ■ pa grydp - fd advly. reeling, 
 staggering. 
 
 gryam vb. to press down. 
 
 gryan see gryen. 
 
 gryaii: kun-gryan-ld advly. slender as 
 body. 
 
 gryap vb. to be thick as jungle, to be 
 thorny, applied to the yellow raspberry 
 kd-sum gryap. 
 
 gryam see gram. 
 
 gryam vb. to obstruct, to block up a 
 road; gryam to vb. to place obstacles; 
 Idm gryam to block up road. 
 
 gryam, a-gryam, a-grem and tun-gryam s. 
 a basket for fowls or beasts, hik gryam 
 a birdcage. 
 
 gryuk vb. to be naked, to be bare as 
 ground; md-rd gryuk bam the person is 
 naked. 
 
 td-gryuk, tun-gryuk, kd-gryuk adj. naked 
 (as person) G. J., bare (as country); td- 
 
 gryun— grydn 
 
 gryuk-ld mat vb. to render naked or 
 bare. 
 
 gryuii vb. to lean forwards, gr.-lun I6m 
 (nan) to walk (sit) leaning f. 
 
 gryun, tuk-cek gryun bam to sit uneasely. 
 
 gryup vb. to make wall or fence of 
 branches or bushwood. 
 
 gryul i. q. gyul, pd-gryul-bo oval. 
 
 gryeii, gren, grdn vb. to fill up, to stuff 
 into, tvn-grydn gryen to stuff basket full. 
 -^ pd-gryen i. q. po-gryen a large bamboo 
 used for waterholders. 
 
 gryo, gryo-m "bent down" "lying for- 
 wards". — kd-gryo-bo adj. bent down, 
 weak, infirm as old man; kiim-gryom-bo 
 id. kiim-gryom-ld in crouched position. 
 
 td-gryom, tuk-gryom lying forwards in 
 oppos. to tuk-tydl backwards. — td-gryom 
 kdn da vb. to lie on one's face, with 
 face downwards. — td-gryom gap-pd til- 
 non vb. to fall flat on face. — td-gryom 
 sul-ld brdm vb. to fall and rub face 
 against ground. 
 
 gryom vb. t. to pile up branches of 
 trees or jungle, to barricade; s. a pile, 
 a barrier of do. 
 
 gryop-pa see grydp-pd. 
 
 gryd see kdl-pdt gryd. 
 
 grydn said of the branches of trees, 
 after the tree has been cut down and 
 branches not cut of; kun grydn nyi-da 
 vb. to spread out, to creep as branches 
 of trees etc., when in a recumbent po- 
 sition, or earth-creepers to branch out 
 (shoots of a bulbous root); applied to 
 the "shoots from the roots of ginger, also 
 the root itself: hin-gryon. 
 
 grydn gryon applied to a side-long 
 gait, straddling sort of pace; gryon grydn 
 16m vb. to walk in a straddling manner 
 as crabs. — grydn twm vb. to spread as 
 creeper on ground. 
 
 kun-gryon s. the spread out bones, 
 skeleton, kiin-grydn dok cim to be as 
 thin as a skeleton. 
 
 tun-gryon s. 1. a spec, of spider Later- 
 bricola-tribe i.o^. mun-tun-grydn that does 
 not spin any web. 2. a large basket 
 
a-grydn— gla 
 
 glart— glet 
 
 67 
 
 widely saddled, carried on back; t.-g. sop 
 vb. to line t.-g. as with leaves. 
 
 pon grydn s. a grass-creeper i. opp. to 
 fon mut high tall grass. 
 
 a-grydn s. 1. a grating of iron or wood 
 kun gryon a wooden grating. — 2. a kind 
 of sweetmeat. 
 
 grydt-ta gryot-td hoarse, harsh, grating 
 (as voice); gryot-td gryot-td li vb. to speak 
 in a grating sound. 
 
 grydn-na or gryon-ld adv. harsh, guttural 
 as voice; gryon-nd gryon-nd 16m said of 
 the rattling sound made by td-gri-bii 
 while moving; a-nyum gryon-nd gry6n-nd 
 li vb. to speak hoarsely as from cold. 
 
 grydp vb. to make walls of house; cfr. 
 grydm. an-to-sd grydp to make walls 
 with boards, dum-sd grydp id. of cloth, 
 Idn-sd grydp id. of stone. 
 
 tim-gryop s. the wall of house. 
 
 grydm vb. 1. to bind round as string 
 round handle of ban; to encircle, entwine, 
 to be surrounded by; grydm-lun turn, vb. 
 to creep round as creeper round tree. — 
 pum-byon gryom tuk di the clouds rise 
 and overcast the horizon; 2. to be har- 
 rassed, dunned (by creditor). 
 
 a-gryom s. ligature: a binding of cane, 
 as that which keeps the ban in sheath. 
 
 grydm i. q. sd-gryom s. a field prepared 
 for cultivation, before the felled trees are 
 burnt, nyot grydm, nydt sd-gryom. 
 
 gla vb. to make appearance, to appear 
 as sun, crops etc. — gld gld pld to con- 
 stantly be coming in sight, see gli, glo. 
 
 gldfi redupl. kun-gldn-ld plain, un- 
 adorned as person, bare without leaves 
 as tree. 
 
 gidt: gldt-ld adv. suddenly, quickly. 
 
 gl&m-la adv. heavy, a-mik gldm-ld mat 
 vb. eyes to grow heavy as when sleep- 
 ing; dyok gldm-ld mat vb. to do work 
 heavily, slowly. 
 
 gla vb. to move so as to suddenly 
 make appearance and be again lost to 
 sight; Ink tiik-tok gla-ld pld a hen to 
 move its head and show its neck up and 
 down thro' the hole in head of basket 
 
 as when struggling to get out. — hik 
 un-ka glo-lun gla gla mat a hen having 
 fallen in the water to struggle appearing 
 above and disappearing below. — a-li 
 gla gla mat vb. to put out tongue and 
 draw it back again backwards and for- 
 wards. See also gld. 
 
 glam-ld adv. suddenly, instantaneously, 
 said of death only; glam-ld mak vb. to 
 die suddenly, said of man, beast, fire, 
 plants. — glum-glam adv. suddenly, glwm- 
 glam mak vb. to die suddenly (animal 
 life, fire, plants), glum-gldm sdt vb. to 
 kill outright. 
 
 glaii vb. 1. to become hard (vegetables), 
 2. applied also to speach riii li yan md- 
 nydn-nd bam ri glan gum it is very hard, 
 that tho' I speak, he will not listen. 
 
 glat: cfr. gla. glat glut Idm vb. to walk 
 with breast thrown out; glat glat-sd md- 
 rd a man above his work. 
 
 glan vb. to be steep as ascent. 
 
 glam: diim glam a single dress. 
 
 gli vb. to be pure, holy; gli-ld adv. 
 distinctly, evidently, gli-ld U vb. to see 
 distinctly; gli-ld hrydp vb. to cry aloud. 
 — sd-gli-ld adv. evidently etc., widely, 
 vyen sd-gli-ld dk fo vb. to open door 
 widely. 
 
 tun-gli s. purity, righteousness, holiness ; 
 tiin-gli tun-ts'dn s. id., tun-gli tUn-tsdn mat 
 vb. to be righteous etc.; tiin-gli tUn-.tidn 
 riim Idn-bo one who walks in the way 
 of God; — tiin-gli or niin-gU rik a. name 
 of a plant. — ttm-gli hin s. a spec, of 
 wild ginger. 
 
 a-gli s. 1. the haft of ban etc.; 2. the 
 root of tree; 3. a tube, barrel of gun. 
 
 a-glin adj. solid as wood. 
 
 glu s. name of 12 th month correspond- 
 ing nearly with our October, glu-nydm 
 M. 141. 
 
 glu incorr. for glo, nyo-ka glu vb. to 
 go to hell LGrS. 
 
 gleii vb. to be accurate, to be skilled; 
 adj. dexterous, skilful; md-glen-nd awk- 
 ward. 
 
 glet and glyet complete, perfect. — 
 
68 
 
 glet— glydt 
 
 fia— *na, fti, no 
 
 miin glet a thorough proficient Mun, a 
 perfect M., a high-priest; glet-ld, glyet-ld, 
 pd-glet-ld, pwr-glet-ld adv. thoroughly, 
 clearly, completely, & glyet-ld yd to 
 know the book thoroughly; rm glyet-ld yd 
 to know the language thoroughly. 
 
 glet incorr. f. glyet see under gb. 
 
 a-glen adj. straight, direct; simple (as 
 matter); a-glen non ih. to go straight 
 or without stopping; lorn a-glen a straight 
 road; li kun a-glen a house made alone 
 of wood. 
 
 glo Tb. to fall, as man unintentionally 
 or thing to fall "W. 60. kd-cer mon fdt- 
 ka glo-lun md-mak-nd gdn . . . except a 
 corn of wheat fall into the ground and 
 die J. 12, 24 
 
 glyet Tb. to let fall. 
 
 glydt vb. to fall upon, to attack, to let 
 down; to throw down P. p. glydt-fat. to 
 overcome as the temper of another. — 
 fyak glyot mun s. evil spirit of fate or 
 death. 
 
 glo, glyo, ka-glyo-la cfr. gli, clear as 
 weather; full open; gh-ld adv. fully 
 openly; vyen glo-ld or glyo-ld or kd-glyo- 
 Id ok to open the door to its full; rin 
 glo-ld li vb. to speak fully; glo-ld si vb. 
 to see plainly. — td-lyan kd-glyo-ld sat 
 the sky to be quite clear. 
 
 gidk adj. smooth, as surface of well 
 beaten road, or as the surface of a bald 
 head Idm, gldk; a-fyak gl6k. kd-gl6k-ld 
 
 adv. bald as head, bare, destitute of trees 
 as country. 
 
 gidt vb. to be stiff, fixed; hence also 
 to light, to fix a light, a candle; fixed 
 light see mi gl6t; sd-hor gldt a fixed star. 
 — to be fixed, stiff as limb, to be rigid; 
 mi-krap gldt to be sound, dead-asleep. 
 
 glyan vb. to be upset, turned over, to 
 be uplifted and overthrown; glydn nydn 
 to throw off as from basket lying on 
 ground or from mat etc. 
 
 glydt vb. to let fall, to suspend, to let 
 hang down; kyak glydt to let k. down 
 precipice. 
 
 glydm vb. to be quiet, to be at rest; 
 glydm mat nan vb. to sit quiet. 
 
 glyak upwards; turned upwards; glyak 
 ndk vb. to look up; glyak to vb. to 
 place up. — ban kin glyak cuneid on 
 top (knife). 
 
 glyan, a-glyaii s. the back-bone or line 
 along the back; the principal fibres of 
 leaf; a long cane; rail of bridge; a spur 
 of mountain; line of ancestors; course 
 of river, of time; adj. current. 
 
 glyo see glo. 
 
 glydk vb. to lie with face upwards; 
 glyok da-nyi opposed to gyam da-nyi; 
 md-ro glyok da-nyi; Kyo glydk da-nyi. — 
 glydk nan vb. to sit with head looking 
 upwards. 
 
 glydh bent backwards; baji glydn. 
 
 glydt see glo. 
 
 N 
 
 na the fourth letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. C, a nasoguttural sound like the nge in 
 singer; which may be represented by n. 
 
 ■na M. Gr. corr. : n-d see -d when affix- 
 ed to a root ending in the final kdn or 
 nyin-do. 
 
 na- redupl. of roots beginning with w, 
 nd-nur-ld see nur; see also kd-. 
 
 *nd T. sna see under no. 
 
 *rid T. mna see na. 
 
 *n4 T. sno(^ba) s. blessing. 
 
 *ha, nd, no 'T.nes-(^pa) certain, really, 
 truly. — *nd-so T. nes-so it is the truth, 
 verily, truly. — nd nun vb. to become 
 substantial, true ; — nd md-dun-ne not to 
 tell plainly, distinctly; — nd-ld adv. truly. 
 
*nS— ft^k 
 
 rtik- 
 
 'na 
 
 69 
 
 evidently, well; nd-ld fyak vb. to know 
 well; nd-ld si vb. to see clearly. 
 
 Oomp. *nd-dok T. nes-bdag s. possessing 
 truth, a true person; nd-dok-sd ts'ut s. a 
 truthful evidence. — *nd-fok or no-tok 
 T. nes-fog s. authentic, real, pure truth; 
 no-tok rin true language; nd-tok do the 
 very truth; nd-tok tsum the fact to be 
 verified by meeting. — *no-sdt T. nes-gsod 
 i. q. mik mydm at random, without regard 
 to truth; s. flattery; dissimulation no-sdt 
 hy&p vb. to flatter, to dissimulate; no-sdt 
 kydp-ho s. a hypocrite. 
 
 *ni T. dnos s. reality; substance, wealth; 
 nd nyim-bo s. adj. possessing substance 
 as wealthy person, thing etc. substantial; 
 nd md-nyin-num-bo unsubstantial as person 
 cloud, thing, without possession, poor, 
 destitute. 
 
 nak: ndk-kd ndk-kd straight along; 
 n.-kd n.-kd lorn. 
 
 n&k 1. vb. to see, to look, to behold; 
 go-nun Mm ndk-sdn-ka ndn-so I shall go 
 to see (to visit) him; — to mlem-ka ndk-te 
 to whom can we look to, on whom can 
 we rely. — ndk-kd look, behold; ndk-kd 
 a-re mat Ku gdn see if you can do this, 
 it is also used in the sense of fie! tush 
 upon! as a-re zdn-sd dyok-re ndk-kd look 
 on such work, fie on it; — to regard, to 
 respect, to rely on, to attend, to guard, 
 to watch, to observe, to care for; hii do 
 a-bo-ka md-ndk-ne he did not mind or 
 had no regard for his father; hu-nun 
 tuk-vil zdk-kun-ka ndk md-nyin-ne he does 
 not care about being placed in chains; 
 — to be vigilant, to be cautious; gyum- 
 lun ndk-kd le let us . . . be guardful of . . . 
 ndk-lun li vb. to speak with consideration; 
 ndk-sd ro-sd md-nyin-nd ndn vb. to go 
 along headlessly and fearlessly. — to con- 
 cern, to notice, to mark, to note; to 
 examine, to try, to attempt. 
 
 ndk-lun s. seeing, beholding, trying, 
 considering. — ndk-bo s. a person who 
 looks after, as luk ndk-bo s. a shepherd; 
 a spectator, observer, a custodian, a 
 guard. — ndk lat-bo s. a visitor, one 
 
 who comes to see; an examiner, in- 
 spector, investigator. 
 
 2. s. attention, regard etc. 
 
 Comp. ndk dydm md-yd-ne (he) does 
 not reflect or deliberate, has no con- 
 sideration. — ndk-lyan view, spectacle, 
 ground of regard; gun-nd-sd ndk-lyan 
 the object of universal attention, regard. 
 
 ndk expletive to hryop or emphatic as 
 hryop-ndk-gdn-ld md-pon-ne he wept and 
 cried (continuously) but without relief. 
 a-ndk explet. to a-hryop a-nye. 
 
 ndt vb. to chop, to hack; kun ndt to 
 cut, to chop wood; see nut, not. 
 
 *ndn-krun T. mnon and drun'^ s. an able 
 pleader, powerful advocator. 
 
 *hdn-Se T. snon-ses s. fore-knowledge; 
 ndn-se rin s. prophesy; n.-s. dun to pro- 
 phesy; n.-s. diin-bo or nyim-bo s. a prophet. 
 
 ndm vb. to nod as head in token of 
 assent or when drowsy etc.; to wave, to 
 nod as leaf, branch. 
 
 ham vb. to bend together, to fold; 
 ndm-ld gal to bend and break. 
 
 *har T. nar s. a stem, a trunk of tree; 
 ndr fik vb. to tie an animal to trunk 
 of tree. 
 
 lial vb. to draw the legs together as 
 when lying down (animals); bik ndl-lun da. 
 
 ndl vb. 1. to cut; 2. to screen (as fire); 
 ndl-ld tsuk vb. to bite off. kun bdn ndl 
 dydn to cut tree down at the roots. 
 
 td-ndl s. a fender, a screen mi td-ndl. 
 
 -na M. corr. -n-a see a, sign of voc. if 
 the proceeding subst. ends in kdn or 
 nyin-do, e kvp-s6n-na o children P. 
 
 na a threatening expression, as a-dom 
 md-bak-nd gdn na if I don't only lick 
 you; go a-dom go na I'll give it to you; 
 I'll do for you. 
 
 *ha T. mnd possessing; existing being; 
 na-wok T. mnd-og a subject, vassal, re- 
 tainer, attache, subject, tenant. 
 
 *ha s. T. o'na a drum, *na dun T. rna 
 rdun-ba vb. to beat d. ; ''na-'Sun T. rna- 
 cun s. a little d.; *na-cen T. nia-cen s. 
 a great d.; *na-cuk T. rha-dbyug s. a 
 d.-stick. 
 
70 
 
 'rta— rtan 
 
 *rtan-ben — *ftani 
 
 *na T. nal(-ba) s. fatigue, weariness; 
 *na-soT. gso(-ba) s. the resting after fatigue, 
 used in sense of to rest; na-som lyan s. 
 the resting-place. — na-ka so na-md sit 
 down to rest a little. 
 
 *ha or nd or ndk T. snags Skt. dhd- 
 rani, mantra, tantra s. a charm, a spell, 
 magic; n6-j6n or no top vb. to practise 
 enchantment; nd zun charms and spells, 
 incantations; no zun mat vh. to perform 
 incantations; no zun mat-bo or *n6k-po 
 a magician, a sorcerer, a necromancer. 
 T. snags-pa. 
 
 lia-dd s. spec, of Amomum, a-dum, a-hir 
 see tun-bram. 
 
 hak Tb. to cut in a sawing manner; 
 tuk-tok nak vb. to cut throat; sok-U-sd 
 nak to saw; kuii nak to saw wood. 
 
 a-nak s. 1. sawing; cutting in a saw- 
 ing manner with a blunt instrument. 
 2. obsc. glans penis. 
 
 hak see nek; nuk-kd nak s. a young 
 fat pig. 
 
 nan vb. to move, to set in motion. 
 
 *nah or ndh T. dnan{^ba) vb. to be 
 frightened, to be dumbfounded, to be 
 terrified, to be speechless as from sur- 
 prise, fright, bashfulness; to be insensible, 
 to be cataleptic; bon ndn a person, who 
 can speak only a little. 
 
 non-ldt s. terror, dismay, horror, affright. 
 
 *han-to or hdh-to T. dnan-skrag s. an 
 unexpected appearance of person; coming 
 unexpectedly; terrifying; nan-to-ka lat 
 vb. to come suddenly, unexpectedly. 
 
 nat vb. to have strength (as spirit, tea), 
 to be efficacious, to have force as spirit, 
 speach etc. ; also to be ready to eat, said 
 of rice when after boiling the water is 
 poured away; zo nat-ndn the rice is ready; 
 ci md-nat-ne the ci has no strength; c6 
 I'lat-bam the tea is drawn, is strong. 
 
 a-nat s. the spirit, substance, essence, 
 the point; the meaning of anything. 
 
 lian vb. I, 1. to sit, to sit down; 2. to 
 be situated, to lie situated; hon. ju. 
 nan-nd o sit, be seated; mi-zut nan-nd 
 sit beside the fire. — 3. to live, to dwell, 
 
 to remain; nan-bo i. q. bam-bo a. an in- 
 habitant. — 4. aux. v., forms the pres. 
 durativum (see also bam) Newari cona 
 go pi-nan or go pi-bam I am writing. 
 
 n. s. a seat, a residence; pun-di-sd 
 nan-ka ndk-no-o go and look in the 
 dwelling of the princess P. — nan zwm 
 vb. to assemble together; s. an assembly, 
 a committee. 
 
 Comp. nan-kdl s. a block for sitting 
 on; — nan-dam s. 1. a canopy over seat; 
 2. just above the height of a person 
 sitting; — nan-ldp s. a carpet to sit on, 
 a cushion; nan-ldp lap vb. to spread a 
 carpet; nan-ldp rit or tsun vb. to take 
 up c. nan-ldp rdt to take up a carpet. 
 — nan-lyan s. a place for sitting, a seat, 
 a dwelling place, a residence; nan-set s. 
 a seat, a dwelling. 
 
 Deriv. a-nan said of tree, that is there 
 naturally not transplanted. Cans, nydn q.v. 
 *nan-cen T. rnan-cen contempt, slight: 
 the Lepcha's use it in the sense spite 
 or wilfully; nan-cen-nUn mat vb. to do 
 a thing purposely or spitefully. 
 *nan-se see ndn-se. 
 
 hap undiverted; decisively, positively. 
 nap-fd nap-pd or nap-Id adv. nap-pd 
 nap-pd non or nap -Id ndn vb. to go 
 straight on without diverting elsewhere. 
 nap-Id mik krap da or nap-Id da nyi to 
 lie sound asleep; — nap-Id dyok mat vb. 
 to do work with application; — nap-Id 
 tydt to cut properly as desired or accord- 
 ing to pattern without diverting. 
 
 ham vb. to be close, to be near; a-bon 
 nam keep your mouth close, be quiet, 
 shut up ; nam-ld i. q. nam-tet close, closely. 
 ham vb. to forbid, to prohibit, to inter- 
 dict, to stop. 
 
 ham kuh s. n. of a tree, nam p6t s. 
 the sweet lime. 
 
 *ham T. rnam, rnam^-pa vb. to breathe; 
 to long for; *nam-ce, nam-ci 1. vb. to 
 long for, to be covetous; a-zom^ka nam-ce 
 to be greedy stingy of food; — kom-ka 
 nam-ce to be covetous of money. — 2. s. 
 covetousness. 
 
*nam— nut 
 
 nun — rto 
 
 71 
 
 *nam T. mam [-pa], *nam-p6 T. rnam- 
 pa 1. s. brightness, splendour, magni- 
 ficence; 2. \h. to be bright, to be magni- 
 ficent; nam-po cfe great splendour; nam- 
 po-wun-sd dum dydm to be dressed 
 magnificently. 
 
 nar vb. to slice, to shear, to cut asunder, 
 to divide, to hew, to mow. kd-cer nar 
 vb. to cut wheat, pdii nar vb. to mow 
 grass; — bi nar vb. to slice vegetables; 
 — kd-su ban-ka sum-bryan tsdt gdn nar 
 glo-so if a fly should settle on my knife 
 it would fall down cut asunder. 
 
 *nar T. nar s. vigour, zeal, nar Kyen 
 mat-td-o be zealous. 
 
 *hap T. snar see under no. 
 
 rial vb. old L. to be short and thick, 
 dumpy; nal-ld nal-ld adv. short and thick 
 dumpy. 
 
 s. a-nal 1. the head end, a short stick, 
 a short end of yam or other vegetable; 
 huk a-nal kat the head-end after root is 
 cut off; a-nal a- fan s. a piece of dtto.; 
 a-nal a-ydl-re the whole vegetable. 
 2. applied to a great-great-grandmother 
 see tek. 
 
 Deriv. num-nal, num-nal-mo dry fire- 
 wood Tbr. san. 
 
 Comp. nal-bu nal-son i. q. mur-nyo-bu 
 mur-nyo-bon. 
 
 -nun: -n-iin see -un postp. of the neg. 
 imp. when affixed to a verb ending in 
 the final n. 
 
 nu vb. to become thread-bare dum nu 
 fat; to be worn-out by friction; ban nu- 
 ndn the knife has become worn-out; 
 applied also to mind sak nu to be 
 wearied. 
 
 liuk redupl. of nak q. v. 
 
 -nun 1. postp. i. q. -pa q. v. 2. -n-iin 
 postp. of the p. pres. when affixed to a 
 vb. ending in n, see -un. 
 
 nur vb. to groan; nur-rd nur-rd groan- 
 ing under heavy burden; nur-rd nwr-ru 
 bii-ndn to go along groaning under heavy 
 burden. 
 
 rtu, a-nu adj. old see no. 
 
 hut see not and ndt. 
 
 nun vb. to become, to be; hu pyuk-bo 
 nun non he has become rich; forms verba 
 acquisitiva M. 94. to occur, to happen, 
 to befall; nun-Id nun to have become or 
 have occurred; a-lom nun-n&n it so came 
 to pass, it in this wise occurred. — md- 
 nun-ne in s. of useless; md-nun-ne nun- 
 non has become useless. 
 
 lium see nrom, a-num s. the smell of 
 burning flesh. 
 
 num: tur-num explet. of tur-klak a 
 complete circle. 
 
 nur, nd-nur-ld adv. short and thick, 
 large, puffy, dumpy; tuk-tok nd-nur-ld 
 a thick-set neck. 
 
 kd-nur-bo adj. large, thick, fat, puffed 
 out; mon-kup kd-nur-bo a fat young pig. 
 — kur-don kd-nur-ho a thick plantain. 
 
 *nur T.swMr(-Ja) vb. to snore; mik-krap- 
 ba md-nur-nun when asleep do not snore. 
 
 *hul L. k&m; *nul-cu L. kom un. 
 
 *ne T. riias see u-ne. 
 
 nek onom. squeaking as pig; nek-ld lik 
 vb. to squeak as pig, see nak, nok. 
 
 *nen T. nanQ-pd) bad, evil, le nen T. las 
 nan bad act, fault; fu nen T. mfu nan 
 sorcery, enchantment. 
 
 liel, a-hel s. 1. repetition, a-nel zuk vb. 
 to renew, to rebuild, rin a-nel li vb. to 
 repeat. 2. the gums of teeth fo-nel, the 
 crown of head: a-tyak a-nel. 
 
 no s. fish a-mlem md-nyin-num-bo Tbr. 
 T. nya\ no fak vb. to dry fish over fire; 
 no tsam vb. to catch fish; no tsam-bo s. 
 a fisherman M. 99. no kur-hop s. the 
 gills of fish; — no gon s. the fin; — no 
 con s. a fish-bone; — no-ji; no-bu; no-bri; 
 no-blik; no-blyok; no-fi; no-fo various 
 specc. fish. — no td-ryon s. a net for 
 holding fish; no tdn s. the milt; no ti s. 
 the roe of fish; — no tur-hyum s. a spec, 
 of fish i. q. no pd-no q. cfr. no nol; no 
 ptin-zar; no-mdt and no-mat s. specc. of 
 fish; no mut fam-blydk a spec, butterfly, 
 moth n. m. t.-bl. dum a spec. moth. — no 
 mun s. name of fish; sun-ru no mun very 
 large spec; sun-ru no mun ayal id. — 
 no tsdl spec, of fish. — no tsdl a-kun i. q. 
 
72 
 
 rto— *no 
 
 no tso kuii — *nd 
 
 tsdl a-kun. — no tsdl tsdm flot Asparagus 
 racemosus. — no-tso s. the spawn; no-tso 
 dyen or fat vb. to spawn. — no tsdn ban 
 td-klap s. a spec, of fish. — no-zdr s. id., 
 the "kubhai". — no-zur s. a spec, of f. — 
 no z6n zom-ho s. a fish of prey; no-yel s. 
 spec, of f. — no-yii s. a spec, fish, Clupea 
 cultrata. — no-yen name of fish. — no-ri s. 
 id., "pottiah" a spec. Barbus. — no-lam sa 
 a spec. fish. — no-h id., mahsir; — no- 
 lyu i. q. no pun-zar. — no-lyen s. a spec, 
 of f. — no hyam s. a fish-hole. — no vik 
 name of small spec, of f. — no vin the 
 blubber i.q. fyor; — no vor s. a fish-hook; 
 no vol' ham a fishing-rod; no vor hi s. a 
 f.-line. — no sun-li s. a fish-net. — no U 
 s. the scales of f. — no stm-pydr s. tail 
 of fish. 
 
 no yb. to be old M. 96. — a-no adj. old 
 (as wood); unfinished (as work); what is 
 left over (as food); a-no fo-ld fo-ld dila- 
 torily; iir-nun tnat-ha a-no nan-ndn from 
 this cause this has become old. — td-not 
 s. white hair (as old man) M. 16. td-not 
 nun-non hair to become grey, to have 
 become old; t.-n. mun the evil spirit of 
 old age from his representation as an 
 old man. 
 
 lid, ndt vb. to boil P. to cook by boil- 
 ing zo no\ zo not lel-lun gd-d is the rice 
 boiled; not-ho adj. boiled. — also: to be 
 quite ripe buk prok-kd no or buk bu tet 
 no the buk is bursting ripe. 
 
 lie vb. to be thirsty un no; go un-no 
 bam I am thirsty. 
 
 Der. not s. thirst not-ddk; go krit not- 
 ddk gwm I am hungry and thirsty. 
 
 *no T. nes see under nd. 
 
 *no T. mo(^-ba) s. a blessing, a bene- 
 diction; no-tydn s. a present made to 
 priest in order to obtain blessing. 
 
 *no T. no s. the face, countenance; 
 mi-no s. T. mi-no the face, features. 
 
 Comp. *no-tso T. no-tsa s. blush, blush- 
 ing, shame, modesty; no-tao mat vb. to 
 be modest; no-tso md-yd-ne to be im- 
 pudent. — *no-8e T. no-ges s. 1. knowledge, 
 acquaintanceship; 2. an acquaintance. 
 
 no tso kun name of tree, see under no. 
 
 nok s. a small vessel for mixing flour 
 and water before baking or frying; ku 
 nok a small bread-trough. 
 
 liok see nek. nok-kd nok-ka onom. the 
 grunting of pig too'w nok-kd nok-kd lik 
 the pigs grunt. 
 
 not see no. 
 
 liot or hut vb. to saw, to cut in a saw- 
 ing manner; go-nun kd-dosu a-kd not-pa 
 I have cut my own hand; — hu-nun a-k&h 
 kd-sH-ka nyi-ld a-pdt md-pot-numr-bo gim- 
 nd nut-dydn J. 15. 2 every branch in me 
 that beareth no fruit he taketh away. 
 
 not, not-td not-td adv. well burnt; mt- 
 td not-td dop vb. to be completely or 
 clearly burnt up (as jungle, field etc.). 
 
 * non-pa see nom-pa. 
 
 *non-Se see ndn-se. 
 
 hop, nop-pd nap-pd adv. slowly, tardily, 
 lazily, nop-pd nop-pd I6m vb. to walk 
 slowly. 
 
 *noni T. noms(-pa) vb. to be satisfied 
 not wishing more; nom-ld fdn vb. to 
 drink to satiety. 
 
 hom, hdm cfr. T. snyems vb. to be 
 proud of, to boast. 
 
 hom, nd-nom, nim-nom s. a spec, of grain. 
 
 hor see imder no. 
 
 ■hd, -n-6 postp. -6 when affixed to roots 
 ending in n see -6, -a. 
 
 *hd and hd T. sna adv. early, be- 
 times, soon; ek to-tsdt no fi the harvest 
 is early; — nydt-ka pat no ndn to sow a 
 field before the season. 
 
 Comp. *nd-td T. sna-ltas s. an omen, 
 a portent, a foretoken, a prognostic. 
 
 nd-ld adv. early; too soon; ndl-ld id. 
 un dun hrok-sd sd-ayak kat-ka M. ndl-ld 
 luk-kdl nap-ka c6k lyan fi-lun the first 
 day of the week cometh M. early when 
 it was yet dark. J. 20. 1. — nol early, 
 soon, betimes M. 70. so-son-ka kd-sum 
 nol si-kdn awaken me early in the morn- 
 ing. — go ndl-non-h I shall go soon. 
 
 *nar, nor T. snar, sna-ru; *nar-yon 
 T. snar -yon adv. formerly, from the 
 beginning. 
 
"fid— ndn 
 
 ndp— ndl 
 
 73 
 
 *nor-t6k T. snar-tag s. si)eed, haste 
 in work; adv. quickly nor-tdk mat vb. 
 to do work actively; — nor-fok (su'm-)bo 
 adj. industrious; — nor-fok non vb. to go 
 quickly. 
 
 *nd see wa T. snags. 
 
 *nd T. dno s. edge, border, ho no 
 edging of coat. 
 
 *nd vb. T. rna(^-ba) to cut, to mow; 
 pd/i HO to mow grass, see nar. 
 
 ndk vb. to be callous; to be indifferent, 
 to be obdurate; U li-wun mat-ren ndk-ndn 
 by constant reproof he has become re- 
 gardless; a-nyor ndk to hear but not 
 attend to. 
 
 lidk vb. to grind zo ndk (rice), to rub 
 as bamboo etc., to card (cotton): ki ndk^ 
 to get fire, to rub anything; iidk-ld ndn 
 to rub against, to reel against as arrow. 
 
 ndk-ldt s. grinding, friction, attrition 
 ndk-ldt md-dyap-ne (you have) not grind 
 it fine. 
 
 *ndk see na. 
 
 *ndn see nan. 
 
 ndn vb. to be stedfast, to be fixed, 
 to be firm, to be solid, to be fast; ndn- 
 Id nan vb. to be firmly fixed as post, 
 chair, not to shake; kru ndn-ld nan the 
 ship is weather-bound (as in a calm). 
 diivi-po ndii-ld tsdk the post is firmly fixed. 
 
 lidt see no. 
 
 ndt vb. to be disinclined, to have dis- 
 inclination, repugnance; mu-ndn-nd sun 
 ndt vb. to have disinclination to go, see 
 plan, jit, -pam; — dyok z'iik-kh'i ndt vb. 
 to have disinclination to work; ndn-mn- 
 ka ndt to refuse to go. 
 
 a-iidt s. repugnance. 
 
 ndn cfr. T. 'Iivn(-pa) vb. 1 . to grudge, to 
 desire to keep even to the preventing 
 of another person giving a thing; ndn- 
 luii bi to give begrudgingly, to covet, to 
 preserve, to spare, to have an itching to 
 keep. — hu-nun hii-yum dyfi mu-kdn-nui) 
 ndn he prevented their fighting and me- 
 diated between them. — hii-nun kdm jer 
 t'am-cdn fo no kun Idn. sd-re giin-nd ndn- 
 liin t'dm gat lie wishes to preserve silver 
 
 aud gold, beasts, birds, fish, trees and 
 stones, in short every thing. — 2. to pro- 
 tect, to guard, to mediate, to enshrine. 
 hik-mdt-tun a-kitp ndn the hen protects 
 her young. — hii-nun hu-yu-sd le-nen ndn 
 he shielded their faults. — 3. to withhold, 
 to refuse anything. 
 
 ndn-ldt s. a desire for preservation. 
 ndn- bo s. a preserver, a protector, a 
 mediator; palladium. 
 
 ridp vb. to express blood from a sore, 
 to bleed, to suck blood from sore. 
 
 ndp, a-ndp s. sister-in-law, wife or 
 widow of elder brother; ndp sok or lyo to 
 wed the widow of elder brother; (to wed 
 the nydm q. v., being considered incest). 
 *ndm T. rnam see nom. 
 ndm, ndm-md ndm-md advly. one after 
 another, continually; n.-md n.-md Idm to 
 follow one after another; n.-md n.-md 
 uyok mat to work in a continuous manner. 
 lidr s. a suggestion, a hint, ndr byi vb. 
 to suggest, to hint, to prompt, see tiin-bdr. 
 *ndr T. /iar{-ba hardness, vigour) season- 
 ing, pungency, zest. 
 
 ndr Idk vb. 1. to temper iron, to make 
 steel; pvn-jen ndr Idk (dm-bo or ndr Idk 
 piin-jen s. steel, p.-j. ndr md-ldk-num-bo 
 soft malleable iron; 2. to season, to make 
 strong (wood), to tone (as beer). 
 
 ndr sdt vb. to spoil the temper, to 
 soften steel. 
 
 ri&r used also in sense of excessive, 
 to be in a vigorous state, mi kru 
 nur (rii))) great heat. — ci-mm ndr to be 
 in a great state of liquor, to be ex- 
 ceedingly drunk. — mik-ndr krap to be 
 sound asleep. — bellowing, threateningly 
 as bull when irritated -iidr kydp. 
 
 Comp. *ndr-cdn T. nar-can adj. strong, 
 vigorous, hard, sharp. 
 hdl see *nd. 
 
 ndl vb. to put aside, to put on one 
 side, to push out of the way; a-re 16m- 
 ka ndl-fo put this out of the way, take 
 it off the road. 
 
 ndl vb. to be ringed, to be encircled 
 by a ring (as ornamented pillar). 
 
 5* 
 
74 
 
 nrak— lirdm 
 
 ca — caft 
 
 a-nol adj. 1. ringed, surrounded by a 
 ring as pillar; 2. obsc. penis viri. 
 
 nrak vb. to grunt (as boar), also as 
 buffaloe; nrah bam vb. to grunt as boar; 
 see nruk, nek etc. 
 
 nrap see nram\ nrap-pd nrap-pd i. q. 
 grap-pd grap-pd advly. crisp, brittle from 
 dryness; iirap-pd nrap-pd son. 
 
 liram vb. to be dry as hair, grass, to 
 be dried up; a-tsom liram-bam, see td- 
 nram a tree-boletus. 
 
 nrik vb. to grind, to crush under feet, 
 to oppress, to extort, to tyrannize; nrik- 
 lun zo yb. to eat the bread of extortion; 
 nrik-lut s. extortion, oppression, tyranny. 
 
 hrek vb. to be split, said of hair, when 
 dry or from plaiting. 
 
 nrel vb. to have again recourse to, to 
 superadd; n.-lun li to say in addition; 
 
 ii.-luh hyi to give in add. n.-lun sot to 
 kill overagain. 
 
 nru vb. to groan, said of beast bik mak- 
 ba iiru the cow when dying groans; ddk- 
 lun nru being sick it groaned. 
 
 liruk vb. to give jerking grunts (as pig). 
 
 nrom vb. to be destroyed, to be damag- 
 ed, to be cast aside as useless; nrom-bo 
 damaged, destroyed, useless. 
 
 lirdk vb. to be dying, to be at the 
 point of death, to be moribund ; nrok ndn 
 moribund. 
 
 nrdn vb. to have become overdry said 
 of rice or grain when long kept; zo nrdn 
 ndn the rice has become overdry. 
 
 nrdm vb. to become singed, to be burnt 
 (as bread), discoloured by fire (as paper); 
 co-gu mi-nim nrom the paper is singed; 
 }>u nrom ndn the bread is burnt. 
 
 ca the fifth letter in the L. alphabet 
 T. 5, may be represented by c, pro- 
 nounced as ch in "church". 
 
 *ca, ca T. skyo{-ba) vb. to do mischief 
 (as children); to teaze, to annoy, to vex, 
 to harrass, to trouble, to molest; cd-bo 
 mat vb. to teaze, to do mischief. — cd- 
 (ydm-)bo adj. mischievous, inclined to 
 teaze. 
 
 niin-cd s. trouble, annoyance; n.-cd 
 mat vb. to trouble, to annoy; duk mdi-cd 
 s. vexation. 
 
 bk, a-cd s. a beard of corn; quill of 
 porcupine, hedgehog etc.; kd-cer cd s. a 
 beard of corn; sd-t'im cd s. a porcupine's 
 quill. 
 
 cak (see tsdlt) vb. t. to set on, as fire; 
 mi rek cdk vb. to set fire to jungle; to 
 put on, as ornaments, bracelets; to set 
 on, as dog, bull; to set on, as on a road 
 directing a person, who is ignorant of the 
 road or of driving of cattle 16m cdk; — 
 
 to set apart; to exercise, to practise, to 
 pursue, to put into practice, hrim cdk 
 to regulate, to organize; — rom cdk to 
 frighten; — to dedicate, to consecrate, 
 to devote; riim zun mon cdk (to') to con- 
 secrate a pig to the good spirit; — to 
 practise penance. 
 
 cak T. gcags (-pa) .vb. to put in the 
 mind, to conceive, to comprehend ko-ka 
 cdk byi vb. to remind, to teach, to cause 
 to comprehend. 
 
 cak-lf s. n. of a flower, see moii nyo 
 muk\ ace. Hooker 2, 48, 50 "chokli-bi" 
 a spec. Smilacina: cdk-U bi s. id., eaten 
 as vegetable. 
 
 can also coii 1. vb. t. to wrap up, to 
 inwrap, to envelop, dum-ka cdn bii-bam P.; 
 a-ts&m cdn to fold the hair round in a 
 ball on the head; cdn-mm-bo s. a wrapper, 
 an envelope. — can to i. q. cdn; cdn- 
 tdm-bo s. a parcel, a package. 2. vb. n. 
 to be folded, globular as cabbage, to be 
 
*cdrt- 
 
 ■^can 
 
 can— ca 
 
 75 
 
 in folds as things twisted round into a 
 ballshape as hair, cloth: can nan. 
 
 can pret. to be put together, to be 
 clustered together. 
 
 a-can s. a bunch or cluster, a nosegay, 
 a sheaf or bundle of corn. 
 
 ■•'C4n vb. t. T. skyon{-ba) to foster, to 
 cherish; can ju vb. to domesticate, to 
 tame wild animal. — a- can s. a wild 
 animal caught and confined fo can, man 
 can. — tavi-cdn s. the brute spec, a beast, 
 birds and fishes included; tam-cdA zdn 
 a foolish, beastlike, stupid p. tam-cdn 
 len jdn more than a beast; — met. man; 
 tam-cdn t'am-bik or fam-bik t'am-cdn ani- 
 mals, creatures; man T.'gro-ba, sems-cdn, 
 Skt. satva P. — fam-cdn tun-ka for the 
 benefit of mankind P. — tam-cdn zdn a 
 fellow -being. — fam-cdn (fam-') a-bu s. 
 T. po-byun tsad male satva' s, men P.; 
 fam-cdn (fam-) a-mot T. mo-byun tmd 
 female satva's, -women P. 
 
 cdn vb. n. to be parsimonious, to be 
 selfish, niggardly, to begrudge. 
 
 *cah vb. to be quick etc. see con. 
 
 * can -hid T. Ican-h Skt. jatd s. the 
 braided hair, that hangs behind; matted 
 hair; cdn-hlo kyop vb. to braid hair appl. 
 to great men; cdn-hlo flot vb. to braid 
 hair appl. to common people. 
 
 *cdt T. gcod (to cut) vb. to have a 
 sharp pain in body, to ache td-bdk cdt; 
 a-lut cdt s. the heart-burn. — a-mik <fdt- 
 bam 1. to have pain in eye, 2. to be 
 envious. — cdt so-bo s. one who brings 
 pain or grief; messenger of ill news, a 
 bird of ill omen. 
 
 *can T. 'byon(-pa) vb. n. used by L.'s 
 hon. for: to go, to walk, pa-no cdn the 
 king goes; sd-ba cdn-nun-d where are 
 you going. 
 
 *can and cen T. spyan s. hon. the eye 
 L. a-mik; pd-no can the eye of king; 
 cdn-kro T. spyan-kro s. eyebrow L. mik- 
 myon; can-cap T. spyan-cab s. tears L. 
 mik-grun; cdn-sok T. spyan-gsog s. eye- 
 lash L. mik-com. 
 
 *cdn-re-zi, cen-re-zv T. spyan-ras-gzigs 
 
 n. pr. Avalokite(jvara, 'wi-dam fu-je cem,- 
 po cen-re-zu-la Icyen-no our tutelary god 
 mahakarunika A. knows P., see also 
 M. 90; T'oung-Pao 1896, 545. N. 1. 
 
 can 1. see cen T. can. 2. see under cdri. 
 
 cap vb. to bore a hole into wood or 
 stone; mi cap vb. to light or kindle by 
 boring one piece of wood into another 
 see mi cap kun. — cdp set s. a borer, a 
 gimlet, cap tsur i. q. mi cdp tsur. 
 
 tuk-cdp, tun- cap s. circle, concentric 
 circle, convolution, gyrations, a spinning 
 top; — tuk-cdp-ka Idm vb. to fly in con- 
 centric circle; mi tuk-cdp s. convolutions 
 of fire; sun-mut tuk-cdp s. a whirlwind; 
 un tuk-cdp s. a whirlpool. 
 
 cdm vb. to go over upon, to cross over 
 upon as over water by bridge, log, 
 stepping-stones. 
 
 cam, a-cam s. fear, chiefly au affix to 
 a-rom, un ndk-kd ram ram tyan-bo a-tim 
 hu, pldn-ka yil tiik and, lo, an horror of 
 great darkness fell upon him G. — See 
 rovi. 
 
 cdr s. the rising of the sun, the east: 
 tsuk-cdr. 
 
 ca part, just, just past ca-grop-ba con- 
 siderable time ago; — ca-nap-mo the 
 evening just past, yesterday evening; — 
 ca nd-han from the beginning, firstly, 
 ca nd-han a-yum sd-re li-bo o-re gtim 
 even the same that I said unto you from 
 the beginning J. — ca-niin now a short 
 while ago, ca-niin non-ndn-go he has gone 
 a short while ago ; — ca-ba a short time 
 ago about two or three hours; ca-ba 
 lyan non (he) went out a little while ago. 
 — ca-zdn as before. — ca luk (-kdl) the 
 morning just past i. e. this morning. — 
 ca so-nap last night, riim-nUn kd-sit dUk 
 kd-do kd-sd a-kyon si-lun a-dom ca so- 
 nap-ka Mn fat God has seen my affliction 
 and the labour of my hands, and rebuk- 
 ed thee yester-night. Ex. — ca a-ldn even 
 now, just now; just past; ca a-ldn do-ba- 
 niin pld he went out a short time ago. 
 
 ca part, enough, sufficient, ca ca enough, 
 hold, stop. 
 
76 
 
 -*cak-krum 
 
 ''can— cap-lfn fo 
 
 *ca T. Uags s. iron, applied often to 
 things whether made of iron or not. — 
 ca-gok s. T. Icags-kuk a clasp, a hook. — 
 ca-gok s. a forked stick, prongs used as 
 a support for things etc., a peg. — ca-gyiip 
 s. T. Uags-sgyid-hu a sort of iron stand, 
 triped for cooking -pots on the fire. — 
 ca-fok s. T. Icags-fag an iron chain, ca- 
 fok fik vb. to chain as dog. — ca-mok 
 T. Uags-rmog s. a helmet, an iron h.; 
 ca-ri T. Icags-ri s. wall round castle, 
 town etc., fortress, fort; ca-ri da buk ah 
 s. the embrasures of fortress. 
 
 *ca T. hya s. a bird, fowl; ca Kyun 
 T. bya Uyun s. the fabulous bird garuda, 
 also a spec, of eagle. 
 
 *ca-m(5n fo s. yellow-billed whistling 
 thrush, Myiophonus Temminckii K. 212; 
 Je. 500; ace. W. K. 218 also Merula 
 boulboul. 
 
 *ca fr. T. 6j/cw(-pa) vb. to be ready, to 
 prepared; ho noh-Mn ca-d are you ready 
 to go; mlo ca-d are the things prepared. 
 
 ca-kd see ce-ko. 
 
 *ca-g6 fr. T. hya-dga (gift, present) s. 
 causing pleasure, attendance upon; ca-go 
 mat vb. to cause pleasure, to attend upon, 
 to take care of, as sick man, cattle, things 
 etc.; ca-go mat-bo s. a nurse or one, who 
 attends upon or takes care of anything. 
 
 *ca-Wl} T. Ica-ba s. a carrot. 
 
 cak, a-cak s. the joints of fingers, kd- 
 jom cak; (inner) joints of arm a-kd cak; 
 joints of bamboo: po cak. 
 
 cak vb. 1. to pinch with nails or fingers; 
 
 2. to touch a person to attract attention; 
 
 3. to issue tears mik grum cak; cak dek 
 vb. to nip and break. 
 
 cak-kd bo-kd adv. in confusion, con- 
 fusedly; cak-kd bo-kd mat vb. to put 
 things into confusion; c.-kd bo-kd li vb. 
 to speak confusedly. 
 
 cak in compos, lii-n-cak s. a sill. 
 
 cak see pd-cak. 
 
 cak cak onom. noise made when eating; 
 zo-ba cak cak md-mat-tun when eating 
 do not make a noise. 
 
 *cak-krum s. T. cag-krum gristle, car- 
 
 tilage. — cak-lem ace. W. ^^chak-lem!^ s. 
 Chloropsis aurifrons and Ch. hardwickii 
 R. 212/3 (specc. flower-pecker). 
 
 *can T. byan s. the north, can-co T. 
 by an pyogs s. the northern quarter; caii- 
 kon s. id., adj. northern, towards the n. 
 — can-nup s. T. byan-niib the n. west; — 
 can-sar T. byan-sar s. the n. east. 
 
 can, a-can s. the spine; a-cah gli-ld cit 
 vb. to cut down the spine; — a-can kun- 
 kon-ld s. a bent back as an old man's. 
 
 caii glyah s. the spinal bone; can glyan 
 sun-ddk s. the sp. marrow. — can tydp s. 
 the lumbar vertebrae; — can dak s. lum- 
 bago; — can man s. the loins. 
 
 *can (T. spyan-pa practised, skilful). 
 can-sin s. a board for writing on. 
 
 caii vb. to ford, to wade in water or 
 snow. — rah lyah a fording place. — can 
 Ku-mm-bo adj. fordable. 
 
 "^cah-Ku, can-ku, cah-gu T. npyah-ku, 
 spyah-l'u, spyah-gu s. a wolf; see sd-tum. 
 M. 119. cah-K'u bik s. a spec, of cole- 
 opterous insect. 
 
 can-cub-sem-pa T. byah-cvh-sems-dpa s. 
 bodhisatva P. 
 
 cat cat i. q. cot cot convulsively. 
 
 cap vb. to succeed one after another, 
 to multiply; rih cap vb. to be loquacious, 
 to be garrulous; rih cap-ldt s. loquacity, 
 garrulity, chattering, babbling; dyok cap 
 work to succeed work, to w. incessantly 
 num cap vb. to be importune incessantly 
 for debt. 
 
 cap vb. to roof a house, to thatch, to 
 cover with roof. 
 
 a-cap s. the roof of a house: It-cap. 
 li-cap-ka upon the housetop T. rtse-mor P. 
 
 cap vb. to make a noise when eating, 
 affixed to krik means to smack, lit. for lip 
 to come together again and again: krik 
 cap; a-boh cap cap: grik-ld zo see cak cak. 
 
 cap-mdn s. a small bird, i. q. ca-moh. 
 
 cap-tsdr kun see mi-cdp. 
 
 cap-lfii fo s. (ononi. fr. its cry) the green 
 jay; Cissa sinensis (magpie) Je. 2, 312. 
 dan cap-lih-fo R.210. hlo cap-lih Urocissa 
 flavirostris ibd. 
 
cam— cf 
 
 cf 
 
 77 
 
 cam vb. to be uupropitious for sowing 
 or j^lanting; cam gyd, cam nyo, cam nyot, 
 cam sd, cam sG. are all used to express 
 a time unpropitious for sowing and plant- 
 ing, on ace. of snowfalling or storms, when 
 it is adverse to cultivation. 
 
 cam vb. to be in clusters, to be group- 
 ed together as trees, to be thickly branch- 
 ed, to be in heaps. 
 
 a- cam adj. clustered, grouped, s. a 
 group; a-cam a-^am advly. in patches 
 or groups. 
 
 cam vb. to close, to shut the eyes: 
 mik cam; to be dead Tbr. 
 
 ''cam or cdm T. lcam(^-mo). lion, wife 
 of king, pci-no cam. 
 
 *cam-pa T. byams-pa n. pr. Maitreya. 
 cam-pa gdn-po 'Y.by.-pa mgon-po M.-natha. 
 cam-pa i. q. Hm-pa pot. 
 cf I. (see ci III. IV) s. spirit, liquor, 
 beer M. 143 espec. a kind of beer, ex- 
 tracted from different species of grain 
 as millet, rice, Indian corn etc.; the 
 first of which they consider the best; 
 the grain is sometimes merely allowed 
 to ferment and- in that state is eaten; 
 P. chi, marua; T. can Hooker I, 175; 
 R.75, T'oung-Pao 1896, S.539ff., Jasohke 
 s. V. can. — The L. chi is made from 
 millet, maize, rice etc., the grain pre- 
 pared and fermented then preserved in 
 baskets secured from the air by layers 
 of plantain -leaves and hung up in a 
 smoky place; when used, a bamboo vessel 
 pd-fyut is filled with the fermented grain, 
 hot water poured over it and when drawn 
 is sucked up thro' a reed pd-Mp. — ci sd 
 man sd td-dyii tim-mii/i-sd a-hdn gum 
 wine, meat and women are the chief of 
 all delights. — ci t'dn sd-nyi s. a feast- 
 day. — d nyi fi t'i the time for chi has 
 arrived. 
 
 ci kra (non) the old is flavourless. — 
 ci kri-non (chi) to become sour. — ci not 
 nyi to have flavour, strength. — ct ito or 
 not vb. to prepare mon for chi, to boil 
 grain before preparing the fermentation. 
 — ci cuk vb. to take the liquid from the 
 
 fermented graiu without adding water. — 
 ci jii vb. to distill spirit. — ci tan-Uin m,ii 
 md-yd-ne to be so drunk as not to know 
 right hand from left. — ci fam-cd/i-nUn ci 
 to drink like a beast. — ci dyak (chi) 
 to have become completely destroyed in 
 making. — ci clydt s. having a ])assion 
 for chi; ci dydt-nyim-ho s. a wine-bibber. 
 
 — ci-niiyi mat vb. to be intoxicated. — 
 ci nor vb. to be raw, unfit for drinking, 
 to be still in the saccharine fermentation. 
 
 — (H fmt the first chi of the season, 
 offered to rixm. — ci fak vb. to preserve 
 chi in smoke, to smoke chi. — ci fat vb. 
 to offer up chi to riim. — ci fyak (chi) 
 ripe, fit to drink; i. q. ci pyak. — ri but 
 s. yeast, ferment of chi; ci-sd a-Uit ri 
 hat s. the ferment put to chi Tbr.; ci 
 biit bor vb. to ferment chi. — ci bup vb. 
 to be drunk; ci hup -bo s. a drunken 
 person, a drunkard; ci bup-LA strong chi 
 fit to make one intoxicated. — ci byep 
 the fermented grains of maize. — ri mat- 
 bo s. 1. a maker of chi, 2. a person fond 
 of chi. — ci mok vb. to set chi to ferment. 
 
 — ci dyam or dyam-ci s. chi given as a 
 cordial to women and to the party after 
 childbirth. — ci tsot pld to be red in the 
 face from drink. — ci ts6k-fdm-bo strained 
 chi from the grains. — a lu (chi) to rise 
 to ferment. — ri lyan-ho s. a cupbearer 
 M. 113. ci v6 nun-non the chi has be- 
 come mouldy. — ri sou vb. to become 
 sober after having been intoxicated; ci 
 s6h-nixn-sd when the effects of chi have 
 gone off. — ri sin vb. to be intoxicated; 
 im kiin-can fdn-hcin ci hin-liin kur cuk-ka 
 dmn 6t da and he drank of the wine, 
 and was drunken; and he was uncovered 
 within his tent. (1. ci iin-bo s. a drunken 
 person, a drunkard. — ri sep whatever is 
 eaten with chi; a relish with drink. — 
 ci so vb. (chi) to be sour, stale. — ci 
 sok-non s. to be exhausted (as the grains 
 of chi). — ci Sor vb. to become flat, flavour- 
 less. — ci a-tsum the first and best chi; 
 (■'/ vm good flavoured chi; ci md-H-ne 
 flavourless chi. — ci un gor-ld chi made 
 
78 
 
 cf— cf 
 
 cf-cfk 
 
 after the first extract {a-tsunt). ci un 
 hlo-non the chi is drowned with water. 
 Comp. ci kun s. a spec, of Eugenia 
 i. q. td-glan kun it is used in augury; 
 a slice of the bark is hewn off, when a 
 person is about to take a journey etc. 
 or see a friend; if the sap drops out he 
 will obtain chi, if it does not, he will 
 not. — ci td-fyep s. a ladle for chi. — ci 
 tuk-nyer a waterproof basket for holding 
 chi. — a tuk-sor a chi-strainer. — ci pd- 
 t'yut s. a bamboo-vessel for holding chi, 
 while being imbibed thro' pA-hip T. ceu. 
 — (V pd-hip s. a tube (reed or pipe) for 
 sucking up chi. — ci-frdh s. a vessel 
 made of leaves for carrying the ferment- 
 ed grains « byep. — ci-bu s. a vessel for 
 holding chi; a load, a basket of chi. — 
 ci za-den or za-din s. 1. a vessel for 
 holding chi; 2. a still, a spirit-retort. — 
 ci-rifi s. confused talk as the talk of 
 drunken men. — ci rtin-tok s. a basket 
 for holding- chi. — ci-ldk s. a vessel for 
 holding chi, also a measure, holding 
 about 8 seers; ci-ldk sam kom kat-sd 
 a-far nyi-so the price of three ci-ldk of 
 chi will be one rupee, ci-ldk nydt about 
 10 o'clock Tbr. — ci sUn-gryen s. the ex- 
 tracted grain exhausted of the chi. — 
 ci sor s. a strainer for chi. — ci a-rok or 
 (H-sd a-p6t s. the spirit of chi Tbr. 
 
 pUn-ci cak mon or pun-ci kd-da s. a 
 spec, millet. 
 
 cf II. vb. to rub with feet, as in tread- 
 ing corn or washing clothes, to tread out, 
 to thresh; zo ci to tread rice (to separate 
 the grain from the straw); — dUm ci-lUn 
 con vb. to wash clothes treading them 
 with feet. — brii, ci-bdn no sot vb. having 
 trod the (poison out of the bru) to com- 
 mence to kill the fish. — bik-niin kd-cer 
 ci vb. to tread wheat by bullocks. 
 
 cf III. a-cf adj. dried, smoked, pre- 
 served by drying (by sun, fire, smoke) 
 as flesh, fish; mdn-sd no ci-nun-non the 
 flesh and fish are dried. — md-ro ci-nun- 
 non the man has become dried up (applied 
 to a thin, skinny person) Tbr. ■ — a-h"n't 
 
 jdn non to be completely reduced by 
 hardships Tbr. — &d-nun td-gl6t ci dan 
 has become dried up like unto a lizard, 
 applied metaphorically to a person, who 
 has nothing to eat or drink or who is 
 dried up like unto the skin of a lizard Tbr. 
 cf IV. vb. to suppurate, mo ci-non the 
 wound has suppurated. 
 
 cf V. the spreading or being surround- 
 ed by particles of as water, dust etc. — 
 ci ci tstck vb. to swarm; vot-nun ci ci 
 tsuk bees to swarm around and sting. — 
 ci-ld fyot particles of water to be splashed 
 about or to be envelopped in dust. 
 
 pd-ci-ld, pHr-ci-ld advly. variegated, of 
 various colours. 
 
 ci see cil-ld and co-ci. 
 cf, a-cf i. q. sak-ci s. affection. 
 ci see tHr-ci. 
 ci-nyi Hind, ctni s. sugar. 
 cf-lf s. a time about 8 o'clock in the 
 morning, when the sun has fully risen, 
 sd-tsiik ci-li. 
 
 ci-vo see tHk-ci-vo s. a gutter. 
 *cf-Sd T. spya-sa s. in L. joint of meat. 
 cfl< vb. t. to weigh, to measure, to esti- 
 mate; son-ka cik vb. to weigh in scales; 
 fri-ka cik to measure in a fri; lyai'i un 
 cik vb. to survey land; cik-lun ndt vb. 
 to measure, before you cut the mark; — 
 un o-mer-sd cik-kHn-sd to sd-re-niin a-gyap 
 gyom-bo-ka a-hl6k md-nyin-ne and when 
 they did mete it with an omer, he that 
 gathered much had nothing over Ex. — 
 cik md-Mun-niim-bo immeasurable. — to 
 pay money, to give back as in taliation, 
 to pay, to give in return, ak-byi vb. to 
 pay away, to give; cik-lyo vb. to receive, 
 to accept; len cik vb. to restore, to repay; 
 to refund, to return, to make restitution, 
 to make restoration, to compensate, rin 
 len cik vb. to retort, to retaliate, sot len 
 cik vb. to kill in retaliation; to revenge 
 by death; to give oilt as pli md-cik-ne 
 not to deny; Kap-plim cik vb. to contra- 
 dict, to deny. 
 
 cik, ' a-cik s. 1. measure, weight; cik 
 md-fak-ne to be deficient in weight or 
 
cik— cin 
 
 cm — cm, a-cm 
 
 79 
 
 measure; cik md-nau-ne uot proper weight; 
 a-cik a-nan-ld mat vb. to give right 
 measure, ak sen under weight, cik zon 
 good weight, overweight; — 2. a little 
 portion, a-cik-kd dya give a little. 
 
 fam-cik-mo s. a measure, a weight, 
 scales M. 
 
 cik vb. to clasp in the centre of any- 
 thing; pan cik kyom-lUn kryok vb. to seize 
 one round the waist in wrestling and 
 throw him down. 
 
 cfk kun s. n. of tree, spec, of Bauhinia. 
 
 cfk-t'am-blyak s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 cm pret. and neg. cin, -cin- vb. 1. to 
 think, to reflect, to consider, to imagine, 
 to fancy, to suppose, to regard M-niin 
 Mi kor-ka kum-yo mat cin he counted it 
 to him for righteousness. G. 2. to have 
 regard. — cin ndk yan md-zdk-ne tho' I 
 think and examine I cannot make it out. 
 
 — Mt'i-liin li vb. to speak with reflection. 
 
 — md-rd-lem cin to think of another. — 
 hu. kd-siim pun-jiim-ka cin he regards me 
 as an enemy. — cin-nim s. thought, idea, 
 faiicy, imagination, consideration, con- 
 templation, opinion, view, sentiment. 
 
 cin i. q. sak-cin s. 1. thought, reflection, 
 consideration; 2. supposition, fancy, notion, 
 opinion, cin mat vb. to think, to reflect, 
 to consider, to imagine. — cin-lyan s. 
 thought or the place of thoughts; go-ka 
 a-kwp a-do-len kum-dun cin-lyarl md- 
 nyin-ne I can rest my thoughts upon no 
 one but you my son. P. 
 
 a-cin s. a thing that one has regard 
 for, a precious thing, a rarity mO. md-zu 
 a-cin-ka bUk vb. to hurt the vital part 
 a-cin-sd adj. precious, cin-sd mlo a very 
 precious thing. 
 
 *cm T. hyin s. magnificence, a blessing, 
 a benediction, a consecration; cin-nyim-bo 
 blessed; rUm-niin cin or riim-nitn cln-lop 
 mat to receive blessings from God, see 
 cin, cin-lop. 
 
 *cin poss. fr. T. 'byin^-pa) vb. to drive 
 out, to expel. 
 
 cin see ce/i. 
 
 cin s. u. of a tree, the wood of which 
 is very hard; see cenf 
 
 cm see pd-cin, pur-ciii, mi pd-cut s. soot. 
 
 cm-ka-nyal see cin-pd-nel and sUn-ka-nyil. 
 
 *cin-gf T. beans and gri s. a dagger, 
 cin-gi tim-krok s. a sjiec. of fern. 
 
 cm-pa-nel s. see sUn-ka-nyil. 
 
 ciri-fin-nel acc.W. "cMng-fin-nyel" Rieva.^ 
 caerulescens R. 204. 
 
 cm-bo s. a miser M. 
 
 ciii-sa nyi (ace. M. fr. T. 'ji?i-pa a neck 
 and gnyis two) s. a spec, of crane or a 
 heron. 
 
 eft 1. s. as much as the hand can grasp 
 (palm downwards) (a-)kd cit s. a handful P. 
 
 eft 2. vb. to split as wood, to divide, to 
 separate; cit-ba jdm easy to split; ki cit 
 thread before it is twisted; kun cit vb. 
 to split tree. 
 
 eft 3. 1. good, well, healthy, salu- 
 brious, rich, fine, fertile, fruitful (as 
 country), exuberant; bam-lyan cit-nyim- 
 bo a salubrious, healthy place; fdt cit fer- 
 tile soil, rich earth; mil cit s. a healthy 
 state of body; 2. health md-ro-sd cit tsdk- 
 sd/i-ka lyau non to go out for the purpose 
 of inquiring after a person's health; cit 
 nyim-bo ruddy and of good habit of body. 
 3. semen md-zH-sd cit; 4. perspiration, 
 sweat cit pld vb. to perspire, to sweat; 
 5. oil a-li-sd cit the oil of the seed, a 
 seed from which oil is made, Sesamum 
 orientale T. <«'Z P. 6. vb. to squirt out, 
 to eject forcibly un cit-bo s. a squirt. 
 
 cin vb. to worry, to trouble, to harass, 
 to weary, to aggravate, to bully, to beset, 
 to oppress ; uyok-ka cin vb. to harass with 
 work; a-zom-ka cin vb. to oppi'ess by 
 depriving of food; nyot-ka cin vb. to 
 be worried by a cultivation, that gives 
 trouble by constant weeding. 
 
 cin, a-cin s. a heap of rubbish; muk 
 cin a collection of rubbish. 
 
 cin, a-cin s. 1. uniting (as two ridges 
 of hills or as veins in body); bUi-sd un- 
 sd cin s. the junction of ridges and rivers; 
 blu cin-ka zdk, a-so cin-ka zdk junction 
 
80 
 
 cfn— cfm 
 
 cfm— cu 
 
 of hills, juuction of veius, un kyun cin- 
 ka zdk junction of rivers. — 2. meeting, 
 union, affinity, alliance, close con- 
 nexion, near relationship, coalition, com- 
 bination, conspiracy, cin num-nu close 
 relationship. — cin mat vb. to be closely 
 connected, to coalesce, to combine, to 
 unite, to conjoin; tem-bo pok-sdn-ka ma- 
 Imi cin mat vb. to conspire, to overthrow 
 the state. 
 
 cfn see sak-cin; cin. 
 *cfn T. hyin s.; cin dok T. byin-bdag s. 
 1. a high-priest; a benefactor etc. 2. a 
 title of respect to priests, cin-lop T. byin- 
 rlab a. a benediction, a blessing; con- 
 secration, rwm fat-tvn-sd cin-lop their 
 offering having made a blessing obtained; 
 cin-lop byi vb. to bless by laying hands 
 upon; cin-lop fom-bo blessed, consecrated, 
 sacred. 
 
 cin, cin-cin, cin-nd cin-nd advly. winking 
 (as eyes), twinkling (as star), sparkling, 
 glittering, glistening, gleaming, coruscat- 
 ing; cin-cin mat vb. to wink; to twinkle, 
 to glitter; 7nik c.-c. mat vb. to wink eyes; 
 sd-hor c.-nd c.-nd mat-bam the stars are 
 twinkling; see also cir. 
 
 cin-ci tak-ka ace. W. ''chin-chi tak-ka" 
 s. Parus atriceps R. 210. 
 
 cin-cin-ka ace. W. " chin- chin -ka'' s. 
 Lophophanes dichrous R. 210. 
 
 cin-ci-ok (-fo) ace. W. "chin-chi-ok" s. a 
 spec, of bird, Hemixus macclellandiR. 213, 
 ace. Je. 2, 79 Hypsipetes macclellandi, see 
 cim-cop-fo. 
 
 cfm vb. to pour out from a larger vessel 
 into a smaller; u/i pd-dam-nun pd-tHm-ka 
 cim pour from the water-holder into 
 the cup. 
 
 tlik-cim s. 1. a cup tuk-arn tiin-gul; 
 2. a measure containing about '/a lb. 
 
 cfm vb. to be thin, to be lean (as 
 person or meat), to be attenuated, to be 
 emaciated, to be slight, meagre; cim non 
 to become thin; — md-cim-nim-sd su 
 nyi-te how can they help being thin. 
 
 a-cim adj. lean (person, meat). — cim-bo 
 adj. meagre: md-zu cim-bo J. 
 
 cfm old L. vb. to be minus of a pair, 
 to be without one (as arm, leg). 
 
 cfm kye-'aydn s. a black fungus, that 
 sprouts from trees (round). 
 
 cim-cdp-fo s. rufous -bellied bulbul, 
 Hypsipetes viridis. Je. 2, 79: ''chinchiok- 
 pho" Hypsipetes macclellandi. ace. W. 
 "■chin-chi-ok" }lemixna macclellandiR. 213. 
 see cdn-cop-fo. 
 
 cfm t'am-blyak s. a spec, of butterfly, 
 cim-ba s. the caterpillar of above. 
 
 cfm -pa pdt s. a spec, of tree -fungus, 
 Agaricus (edible). 
 
 cim-pa-fo s. the rufous piculet, Sasia 
 ochracea, ace. W. dan cim-pa Q'^dang 
 chim-ba") Hemicheldon ferruginea R.216; 
 ace. Je. 458 "dang-chim-pa pho" fl. fuli- 
 ginosa. 
 
 cim-fo s. n. of bird rufous piculet, Sasia 
 ochracea Je. 301; R. 207; dan cim-fo 
 speckled piculet, Vivia innominata; uii 
 cim-fo the water Sasia, Alcedo benga- 
 lensis R. 206. 
 
 cir vb. to abuse, to malign, to defame, 
 to calumniate, to scandalize, to stig- 
 matize; cir-4'iin-sd rin s. scandal, vitu- 
 peration, defamation. 
 
 cir vb. cfr. cin to sparkle, to radiate, 
 to shine, to glitter, to gleam, to glisten; 
 cir-rd cir-rd adv. sparkling; cir-rd cir-ru 
 om-bam (it) is shining brightly (as glass, 
 crystal etc.). 
 
 cfl vb. to slabber, to drivel, to slaver, 
 to be salivated, also a pain which is said 
 to affect the head; gyon cil to have runn- 
 ing of saliva, to slabber. 
 
 cil kun s. a shrub; cil pot s. the fruit 
 eaten by L.'s when roasted in fire; sd-ka 
 cil fyak the eating the leaves of the cil 
 is said to occasion a pain in the head 
 of the barking deer, which makes it 
 utter its cry; hence the above saying. 
 
 tHk-cil id. q. fyak-cil. 
 
 cil, ril-ld adv. down there, (below) 
 there; co cil-Id down there (a consider- 
 able distance); pil cil here and there; 
 see ciil. 
 
 cu vb. to be small, to be little, to 
 
cu cu— cun 
 
 cun— cu 
 
 81 
 
 diminish M. 31. cu-ld adv. smally, 
 minutely M. 76. cu-ldt s. diminutiveness. 
 Deriv. cum, a -cum or cum-bo adj. 
 small, little, minute; a-cum-bo, cum- 
 bo-re a little one, rum-nun 6m-bo a-tim 
 nydt om-bo a-tim-rem sd-nyim-ka tyem-bo 
 tsam-Mii-sd 6m-bo a-ciim-rem so-nap-ka 
 tyem-bo tsam-sdn-ka zuk-fat God made 
 two great lights: the greater 1. to rule 
 the day, and the lesser 1. to rule the 
 night. Gr.; a-cum-ka U vb. to despise; 
 cum-ldt s., a-liit cum-ldt s. anguish of 
 spirit Ex. — mi cum sparks. — cum-md 
 cum-md adv. small, minute; so c.-md c- 
 WM yu vb. to drizzle. 
 
 sd-cu adv. apparently slight small; sd- 
 cu mun-m,en-ld fyo vb. to hear a faint 
 sound; sd-cu-ld adv. diminutive; sd-cu-ld 
 si vb. to appear small as thing at distance. 
 Comp. cii-kup s. the small one, the 
 little one M. 104. adj. very small; cu- 
 kiip sdm k'yet-tun gdn mak-so there is but 
 little source of hope, he will die; cu-kup 
 ba-nun from tender age. — Mp (fr. cu 
 kup) adv. a little M. 76 cup kd-sum bo 
 give me a little; cup-kam a little; ciip-zon 
 a very little; ciip-kam-zdn only a very 
 little; — cu-krdk very small. 
 
 cu cu onom. the call to pigs, cm cu md 
 vb. to call pigs. 
 
 cuk, a-cuk s. (see also tsUk) I. the middle, 
 the interior, the heart, the core, the kernel 
 as of nuts, the seed as of cotton; ki cuk 
 seed of cotton. ■ — a-cuk hyek vb. to ex- 
 tract the kernel. — (jx-)cuk-ka advly. 1. in 
 the middle, in the midst, 2. among, 
 amongst ciik-kd cuk-kd adv. amongst, one 
 with another; c.-kd c.-kd ki vb. to con- 
 tend one with a.; — cUk-niin out from 
 go-niin a-duk mi-zdr-mo-sdn-nun mat-bo- 
 sdn ciik-niin a-yum dot-so I will bring 
 you out from under the burdens of the 
 Egyptians. Ex. — 11. advly. i. q. (a)- 
 ciik-ka. 
 
 cun vb. to lay by, to save, to put by, 
 to economize; a-z6m cun-luii fo vb. to 
 put by some food for afterwards; kom 
 cicn-lun fo vb. to lay by money. 
 
 cun T. 'jun(^-pa) vb. to break in, to sub- 
 due, to render tame, to render tractable, 
 to tame tyan-mo cun. 
 
 cup adv. incessantly (as rain) so ciip yii, 
 vb. to rain incessantly. 
 
 cup vb. to restrain, dyit, jit or pyit cUp; 
 ddk-nun jit cup non to have suppression 
 of urine thro' illness. 
 
 cup vb. to lose voice as from a cold 
 or cough: Myen-nun a-nyum cup-non. 
 cup and cum see cu. 
 cum-fo i. q. cim-fo. 
 
 cul adv. below, down below, see cu; 
 cul-ld down, downwards; hH-do sd Jm mo 
 k.-ka cul-ld non-Mn ... he went down to 
 C. he and his mother ... J. 2, 12. cul- 
 ld cul-ld adv. a great way below; cvl-ld 
 cul nan-bo sitting successively lower; 
 cul-ld-?no s. who lives below, an in- 
 habitant of the valley. 
 
 cu s. the snowy range, a high mountain 
 on which snow always lies. W.65. Hooker 
 2, 33; cu-sd un or cu un water from the 
 melted snows. — cu-zdn like a snowy 
 mountain, very high, very great. — cu-bi 
 the snowy mountains, a-do a-bryan cu-bi 
 nan-re zdn mat-td-o may your name be 
 as celebrated as the snowy range. — cu 
 mun bi mun s. the evil spirit of the 
 snows, applied to mi gdt-mmi. — cu riim 
 s. the god of the snows, cu rum fat vb. 
 to render offerings to cu riim. 
 
 niin-cu s. enchantment; niin-cu niin-bi 
 s. a sort of e.; nun-cu niin-bi md-zdk-ne 
 the e. has not taken effect. 
 
 cu vb. (fr. I.'cu-baf) to flow out with 
 force, to pour forth. 
 
 cum or tuk-cum s. a channel, a bamboo 
 or any other article for conveying water, 
 a conduct, a spout; tHk-cum-ka cuk vb. 
 to get the water from the spout; cum 
 tuk-jek s. a water-gutter as on eaves of 
 house. — bon cum "spouting from mouth", 
 a common saying, an every-day-word. — 
 cum with a-krik "mouth to water" a-krik 
 cum as on seeing anything nice. 
 cu, cun below, incorr. for cu q. v. 
 cu see zo-cu. 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 •■cu-pdn— cur 
 
 cur— cek 
 
 *cu-pdn T. bcu-dpon s. a ruler of ten Ex. 
 
 cuk Tb. (cfr. cu) to draw water as fr. 
 well. J. un cuk vb. to draw or fetch 
 water; un c.-lyan s. a spring, a fountain; 
 un c.-bo a water-carrier. 
 
 *cuk T. bcug{-pd), 'jug(-pa) vb. to fix 
 into; to put into; rdl cuk to fix rol for 
 catching fish. 
 
 cuk, tuk-cuk s. 1. a chirping as of .bird, 
 tuk-cuk mat Tb. to chirp; 2. a kiss, a 
 kissing noise; tuk-cuk mat vb. to kiss. 
 
 cuii, cun cun see con. 
 
 cun, a-cun s. 1. the chief point, principal, 
 main, the essential (object), supreme, 
 paramount; lyan a-cun s. the chief places; 
 rin a-cun the chief points of a speach. — 
 a-ciin rel-ld-ka under every head, a-cun 
 rel-ld a-tydp li to (briefly) relate the 
 heads. — 2. the most facile or straight 
 road or course to a place; po-cun ayop- 
 lun frol to cut the bamboo in easiest 
 manner by notching it round. 
 
 *cun-wd jf T. 'byun-ba bzi s. the four 
 elements. 
 
 cuii-kuh s. n. of tree, Teucrium macro- 
 stachyum. 
 
 cut vb. to boil as water, to make boil- 
 ing, hot. M. 
 
 cut vb. to sprout up, to rise up, cut 
 hrdn id. 
 
 cun see cu: cu. 
 
 cup vb. n. to be hollow -cheeked, to 
 have h. cheeks td-gryu cup bam. 
 
 cum see under cu. 
 
 cum perhaps only expletive as in the 
 following cum pd-mdr nd-mor zo eat p. 
 and n. rice see under pd-mdr, nd-m6r. 
 
 cur s. the preparation of the young 
 shoots of bamboo pd-ruk for eating by 
 placing them under pressure and occasion- 
 ing a fermentation by watering them 
 pd-ruk cur mat; pd-ruk cur lyan the 
 place for fermenting the pd-ruk. 
 
 cur vb. to strike out into branches as 
 tree kun cur etc., also applied to races, 
 genealogy; to ramify, to branch out, md- 
 rd-sd a-gyit a-kon cur gyap-ndn a persons 
 genealogical tree to have branched out 
 
 greatly. — sun-hlyo a-tyak sam cur-bam- 
 mun Idn lead the way with a three- 
 headed spear (T. Ka-tvarn rtse-gsum, Skt. 
 trisula) P. 
 
 a-cur s. twigs, antlers; a fork as of 
 tree, a-cur a-kdn s. small suckers grow- 
 ing from old tree. — pun-cur s. branches, 
 ramification. 
 
 cur see cor. 
 
 cul see col. 
 
 ce (cfr. T. ^e-na) affixed forms a pre- 
 cative M. 92; kd-sum non-ce or byi-ce 
 pray give it to flie; kd-yum mat de pray 
 let us do it. — ce-nd id. ; zo &-nd pray eat. 
 
 ce sometimes as an emphat. particle 
 and in a bad s. (in the 2 d p.) thus ho 
 kd-sum sdt-so ho do ndk-kd ce you will 
 kill me, will you, look out for yourself 
 
 — ce-nd affixed to words gives a signi- 
 fication of certainty also of emphasis. 
 dk ce-nd yes, certainly; go non-so ce-nd 
 I shall certainly go; go dyok mat ce-nd 
 I have done the work; go zo ce-nd I 
 have eaten. 
 
 *ce T. gce{^ba) 1. vb. to be careful of, 
 to be anxious regarding, to be regardful 
 of; to esteem, to have affection for, to 
 value; go a-dyutrka md-non-ne md-zu ce 
 I will not to battle, I have too much 
 regard for my body. — ce U'o mat vb. to 
 regard with great affection. — ce ce go 
 go mat vb. to be very careful of, to have 
 great regard for, to esteem highly. 
 
 ce-bo adj. careful, anxious, prudent, 
 affectionate, tender, loving, fond, beloved. 
 
 — ce-wiin s. 1. care, regard, caution, 
 circumspection; 2. love, affection, attach- 
 ment, fondness, tenderness, kd-sii ce-wun- 
 sd a-kup my beloved child. 
 
 *ce-k6 T. gcags-k^a(?) s. affection. M. 
 
 cie 2. s. pleasing, ornament, beauty, 
 adornment, p'om ce zuk-fom-bo ornamental, 
 adorned, beautified; fam ce-nyim-bo choice, 
 esteemed, select articles. — lup-ce form 
 of body M. 
 
 *ce T. byes; ce lyan a foreign country. M. 
 
 *ce-t6 see cet-to. 
 
 cek vb. to hew down, cek-nyon id. a-re 
 
(cek) tiik-cek— cet 
 
 cen — cem 
 
 83 
 
 kun cek-kd hew down this tree; md-ro 
 cek to cut down a man. 
 
 (cek) tuk-cek s. the bottom of anything, 
 the posteriors, backside, tuk-cek gryun 
 nan vb. to sit uneasily, as when one has 
 a boil on bottom; tuk-cek-ka T. 'og-nas 
 from under, from below P. 
 
 cen Tb. to be costive, to be bound, 
 ay it cen. 
 
 can s. a part, portion, cen to to place 
 by a part. 
 
 cen kun s. n. of tree, c. k. tun-gyal a 
 dibble made of the wood. — ^en-pd-tin 
 s. a memorandum, a remembrance, a 
 stick cut as a memorandum: pieces of 
 wood given to guests at funeral-meetings 
 as charms to drive away evil spirits; 
 pudendum virile Tbr. 
 
 cen-pa nyel-fo see cin-. 
 
 eel vb. 1. to fix, to hook, to button 
 etc. a-hyak cet to buckle; go dam cet 
 vb. to button; — to tie or fix together. 
 
 2. s. a division in house; a section, 
 partition; cet kyop (fo) to make divisions 
 in houses; a sheaf of corn, zo-cet. 
 
 pa-cet, pi/r-cet, pun-cet with explet..sa-Aa 
 s. the diaphragm, the peritoneum, the 
 groin; pd-cet-la s. the groin; pd-cet-la 
 sup vb. to have swelling of groin. 
 
 cet, a-cet s. meat boiled or made into 
 steaks without bone; man a-cet s. steaks. 
 — cet cet or cet t'a said to a baby, eat 
 (meat) dyen-bdn-ka man bi gdn cet ta 
 gdn li. 
 
 *cet T. byed{-pa) vb. to do, to perform, 
 to make, do cet to make investigation; 
 Id-yo cet to sin; dik-po cet to do evil. — 
 *cet-to T. byed-do. 
 
 *cet T. gcod(^-pd) vb. to cut, to divide, 
 to stop (as road), to stop (the current 
 of a river); to cross brol cet non see brol; 
 to oppose, to interrupt, to hinder; mi cet 
 to break off live coal from burning wood 
 to leave off;, cet-dydn vb. to cut off; M 
 sok-rem M lok sd-gdn-nvn cet-dydn-so that 
 soul should be cut off from his people Gr. 
 
 *cet T. 'byid{-pa) vb. to disappear M. 
 
 cat see 'Set. 
 
 cen see can under can. 
 
 cen vb. to cut up into slices (said of 
 meat) or to cut up the body of animal 
 or man, to dissect; M kor-ka o-re gUn- 
 nd-pdn lyo-bdn plon pldn-nd cen-lun a-vyel 
 kat kat-sd a-nan-ka rik to tin fo-pdn md- 
 cen-ne he took unto him all these, and 
 divided them in the midst, and laid each 
 piece one against an other; but the birds 
 divided he not G. T. bsd-pa, bsas-pa P. 
 
 cen-zdn s. a surgeon; a butcher. 
 
 *cen T. can affix, adj. -termination; 
 corresponding to our adj. -terminations 
 -ful, -ly, -ous, -y, -like, -ish, non-cen 
 T. snan-can full of light. 
 
 cen vb. to shrink from fear see dH cen. 
 
 cen adj. own, belonging to self; ^en-sd 
 a-kup my own child; cen-sd mlo my own 
 article: dear, precious. 
 
 sd-cen adj. simple, natural, of one's 
 own self, or one's own accord, hence 
 independent; sd-cen ddk natural pain, 
 sd-cen non vb. to go of one's own accord, 
 as person, watch, clock etc.; — sd-cen 
 mak vb. to die naturally; — sd-cen si vb. 
 to see naturally, properly, having true 
 sight, seeing things neither too large or 
 too small. 
 
 sd-cen-bo s. an independent person, one 
 who can do anything of his own accord, 
 not obliged to work. — sd-cen-ld adv. 
 spontaneously. 
 
 cen-ra kun s. the guava, see also sUn- 
 ram, siin-ru. 
 
 cap vb. n. to become dry, to shrink 
 (as wood or anything thro' dryness), to 
 become parched, sd-grek cep-nun hdk dak 
 to hickup from throat being dry; kHm- 
 tun cep-non the leather has become dried; 
 to grow old, go Tnd-zv, cep-non-nun sd-lon 
 sak-tsum nyi-sdn-d: after I am waxed old 
 shall I have pleasure G. 
 
 cem vb. t. to hem, to skirt, to follow 
 along the edge or side of anything a-dek 
 cem-lUn hrap hem the skirt; dum cem to 
 hem cloth; nyot-'pun cem-Mn ndk to skirt 
 the sides of a field and examine it. — 
 sd-p6 pd-son cem to cross a stream on 
 
84 
 
 cer— CO 
 
 co-zun — *coni 
 
 a raft with the aid of a cane or rope 
 affixed from one side to the other. — 
 cem-lun 16m or ndn to go along catching 
 hold of things (as children beginning to 
 walk). — rin cem vb. to look at a question 
 on every side. — to circumvent as game: 
 man cem. 
 
 cer s. a spec, of bean or pea cer tuk-byit. 
 
 cer vb. 1. to be unwilling to anything 
 or to shrink from; hd-yu pldn-ka ka-lun 
 su-ld md-ban-nd-so su go yo gdn hd-yu 
 cer-ren lik ye shall not diminish ought 
 thereof; for they be idle Ex. — M-nun 
 K: a-yu cer-bam he said: ye are idle Ex. 
 cer-ld cer-ld dyok mat vb. to be unwilling 
 to work. — cer-sd md-nyin-nd not to be 
 unwilling. — so-ka- ndn cer to be unwill- 
 ing to go out in the rain; a-z6m zo-sdn 
 cer not to care to eat (as where the food 
 is not good). — 2. to be sulky, sullen, 
 morose. 
 
 cer-(bamybo s. adj. 1. one unwilling 
 having aversion to, dyok cer-bo a shrinker 
 of his work or who gets tired of his 
 work. 2. a sulky person. 
 
 cer-run s. 1. unwillingness, reluctance, 
 disinclination, aversion, 2. dislike, re- 
 pugnance, antipathy; 3. sulkiness. 
 
 *cer-wa, *cer-w(5 T. 'byar-ba ov'byor-baf 
 s. a cross-mark, a piece of wood given 
 between two parties with a cut across 
 as an emblem of agreement having been 
 made, sd-dyak a-frdn I6t di-san-sd cer-w6 
 ndk fo to give a cer-w6 as an agreement 
 to return within a certain period; md- 
 mydn-nd sdn-ka cer-wo kut fo or kydp vb. 
 to make a cross-mark so as not to forget. 
 
 eel vb. to play, to be idle, see cer. 
 
 CO adv. there below, down there, co ci 
 there below (more exact); co cu, co cu, 
 CO cu-ld, co-cuUd low down, far below, 
 CO cu cil-ld there below, down there a 
 considerable distance; co-ba there far 
 below; co-re that below; co-Ion in the 
 direction below, downwards; co-lom like 
 that below; co-su there below (not far); 
 co-d that there below; co a-cun in this 
 direction, down here; co-o i.q. do-ba M. 73. 
 
 Comp. co-bdk, tun-cb-bdk, dyaii-co, dyan- 
 co-bdk, fon-cb, fon-cb-bdk s. the lower part 
 of leg, the calf of leg. 
 
 co-zun also san-zun s. a hooked flesh- 
 fork, a meat-hook for taking meat out 
 of pot. 
 
 cok vb. to brawl, to wrangle, to be 
 contentious, quarrelsome, md-ro dy-ii cok- 
 bam the people are quarreling; rin-cok 
 contentious language; cok-lu s. brawling, 
 wrangling, discord; j6k cok wrangling, 
 contention; discordant sounds. 
 
 con see can. 
 
 COii-kun s. n. of tree. 
 
 *con T. 'byons{-pa) vb. to be ready, 
 to be completed, to be accomplished; 
 don con it is finished, allright; con, con 
 con expressions of salutations, also of 
 thanks by holding up thumb: o con con. 
 
 cot, a-cot s. aid, assistance, a temporary 
 assistance, a-cot a-top byi vb. to give a 
 present in charity or for support; kom- 
 nun cot byi vb. to assist one with money; 
 dyok-niin sd rin-nun cot tdp vb. to render 
 assistance both by words and deeds. 
 
 cop vb. to pick up with fingers or 
 rather to place fingers as when picking 
 up anything; a-kd cop-ka tsun id.; zo 
 kd-cop katlkd-sum bo give me a fingers 
 full of rice. 
 
 com vb. 1. to be drawn together, to 
 be compressed, to be crossed one over 
 another, to be crumbled as cloth dum 
 com-bam; — tuk-pdt com-lun nan said of 
 an old man, whose head sinks lower 
 than knees; — com-lm pun vb. to place 
 in a heap crossed one over another as 
 sticks. — 2. to be clustered; kun com- 
 nan the trees lie clustered. — a-com s. 
 a small bundle or sheaf of corn or of 
 anything; — a-com a-com advly. in small 
 bundles as sticks; cluster; kun com a 
 small cluster of trees. 
 
 *com T. bcomQ-pa) vb. to oppress, to 
 grind down, to tyrannize over, to bully. 
 com zo vb. to live on oppression or 
 plunder; — com-bo s. an oppressor, a 
 tyrant, com-ld adv. oppressively, tyran- 
 
cor— cdk 
 
 "cdk— cdrt 
 
 85 
 
 nically, com-ldt s. oppression, tyranny; 
 despotism. 
 
 * com- den de T. bcorri'ldan-das Skt. 
 bhagavdn P. 
 
 cor vb. n. to be wrinkled, to be creased, 
 to be rumpled, as cloth, paper etc.; to 
 be wrinkled as old man; to be shrivelled. 
 — a-mlem-ka cor to be wrinkled in face; 
 dum cor cloth to be creased. 
 
 a-cor s. a crease in anything or wrinkles 
 in the face, branches of stag's horn, a 
 crotch or fork in tree. cfr. a-cur. 
 
 col vb. t. to pour (water) as over the 
 body with hands above head; uii md-zu 
 (pldn)-ka col vb. to pour water over body; 
 rip col vb. to water flowers. 
 
 *c6 vb. T. mci(-ba) to enter the pre- 
 sence of king or great man, kum-dun 
 c6 hon.: dun-ka von M. 135. 
 
 *cd T. ja s. tea, the tea-leaf co-kun 
 a tea-tree; co-nydm c6-sen tea-leaves; the 
 tea -leaves after having been used; c6 
 ba-gok the tea-leaf pressed into cakes 
 imported into Tibet and Central-Asia; 
 and used by the Bhutiya's and Lepcha's 
 and boiled and drunk with salt, with- 
 out sugar or milk; co-pak-gdk id. T. 
 pag-gu; co tdp vb. to make tea; c6 su 
 vb. to bruise tea in pd-tek after being 
 boiled. 
 
 cdk s. a grave built in a circular form 
 and the body placed in an erect position 
 by the luk-sdm lun-dun mu L. tribes and 
 in a reclining position by the mun-mu; 
 m.-ka cdk md-nyin-nd ren ho-nun kd-yum 
 Uiri-ti-wvn-d because there were no graves 
 in E. hast thou taken us way Ex. — 
 cok de s. a grave with a stone or post 
 as a sign of the place. — cok-den s. a pit- 
 grave in which the dead are buried in 
 an erect position; — cok-to s. a flat tomb 
 or grave; — cdk -bum s. a sepulchral 
 monument, a pillar over grave; — Sk- 
 Idn s. a tomb-stone smaller than cok-bum; 
 — cdk bron-lyan or cdk bram-lyan a burial 
 ground, a cemetery. — cok-bli s. an ob- 
 long grave or tomb, in which the dead 
 are buried in a reclining position. 
 
 *cdk T. Icog s. a spire, a turret, gon 
 cdk a steeple, a spire. 
 
 cdk, a-cdk s. the flesh, the lean of 
 meat with skin off; kd-su bd a-yu a-cdk- 
 ka kyop-bo re bd mdk-sd md-nyin-num-bo 
 nun-so my covenant shall be in your 
 flesh for an everlasting covenant G. — man 
 cdk s. flesh of meat, not the fat or bone; 
 — fat cdk rich earth without stone; — 
 a-cdk a-fun s. foreskin G. — a-cdk a-vi 
 s. flesh and blood; a-cdk a-vi-sd a-kup 
 my own child; — a-cdk zdn s. the female 
 branch of a family. — a-fun lut a-cdk-ka 
 ndn to become raw as a sore. 
 
 *cdk s. T. Icag a whip, a lash, ta-cdk 
 T. rta-lcag s. a horse- whip; — in comp. 
 *ta-wo cdk fr. T. Ita-bu Icag to brawbeat, 
 to hector. 
 
 cdk vb. 1. to be effaced, to be ob- 
 literated as foot-print by rain etc.: fon- 
 pydl cdk-ndn; so-nun cdk to rain a little 
 (sufficient to efface a footprint). 
 
 2. to be settled as quarrel or any 
 disputed matter, to be adjusted hrim cdk. 
 
 pur-cdk-ld fr. 1.? grey colour. 
 
 piir-cdk s. fr. 2.? trouble, annoyance. 
 
 tuk-cdk s.fr. 2.? passionate gesticulation; 
 tuk-cdk mat vb. to display irritable feel- 
 ing by dancing gesticulation, sak lyak-lun 
 tuk-cdk mat vb. to dance with rage. 
 
 *cdk-po T. jag-pa s. a robber, a bandit M. 
 
 cdii, a-cdn, fam-cdn s. the ribs and sharp 
 bones of fish and snakes: no cdn; see can. 
 
 cdn vb. n. to be handsome; to be pretty; 
 to be beautiful; hu-nun pe-hldk cdn-bam 
 she (or he) is beautiful. 
 ' a-cdn adj. handsome m,d-ro-sd a-cdn a 
 handsome man; pe-hldk a-cdn a comely 
 countenance. 
 
 cdn see can used with ap; a-kd ap cdn 
 a handful; a-kd ka ap cdn to grasp in 
 hand. 
 
 cdii pret. cdn, cfr. T. byan (-pa purified) 
 vb. t. to wash, to cleanse, to purify, kd- 
 sii fin a-nyi vyet-sd li-ka fydt-ndn-bdn 
 a-nyi fon cdn-lun so-nap-ka bam- ma le 
 behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray 
 you, into your servant's house, and tarry 
 
86 
 
 ''cdrt— c6t, a-c6t 
 
 c6t— cdr 
 
 all night, and wash your feet G. mil con 
 vb. to bathe; — a-ri so-nun con the smell 
 is washed away by rain; — go a-kd cdn-so 
 I will wash my hands; c6n-bo s. 1. washed, 
 2. a washerman dum c6n-bo. 
 
 *cdn T. gcan(^-po quick in intelligence) 
 see can, vb. to be quick, clever; to be 
 active, swift, c6n-bo quick, sharp, swift; 
 c6n-ld adv. quickly, o-fi c6n-ld ryen-nd 
 su-go yo gdn hd o-fi md-vdn-nd tet go 
 su-ld zuk md-Mn-ne haste thee, escape 
 thither; for I cannot do anything till 
 thou be come thither G. con lyvp-ld 
 mat vb. to do anything quickly. 
 
 cdn see can, can. 
 
 cdn-cdp fo s. n. of bird; it is applied 
 to one or two of specc. of bulbul, Alcurus 
 striatus. 
 
 * cdn -co sem-pa T. by an- cub sems-dpd 
 Skt. Bodhisatva P. 
 
 cdn la-fyep fo s. n. of birds: hoary- 
 headed finch-thrush, Paradoxornis gularis ; 
 red-headed finch-thrush P. ruficeps; red- 
 headed tit-thrush Cheleuasicus ruficeps; 
 white - headed strike - thrush Gampso- 
 rhynchus rufulus M. Je. 2, 5, 14; ace. W. 
 (E. 210) Suthora unicolor and Scaeo- 
 rhynchus ruficeps (crow-tit). 
 
 con td-fyep rik n. of a creeper, Thun- 
 bergia coccinea. 
 
 cdn fdn s. n. of hill east of Darjeeling, 
 probably from T. byan-fan "the north 
 plain" the n. e. of the hill being first 
 cleared. 
 
 *cdn-bo kuii T. Ican-ma s. the willow, 
 Salix. 
 
 *cdn see srfw, co?i-po ^oV s. a ceremony- 
 in funeral rites when a drawing of the 
 deceased is made summoning his spirit; 
 con-ydn s. a funeral fee given to priest 
 lit. a fee (given to p.) for purifying or 
 absolving the dead. 
 
 cdn-hdn s. a seasaw, lit. moving quickly 
 up and down, con-hdn mat vb. to seesaw. 
 
 cdt, a-cdt s. 1. the pulp of fruit (as of 
 orange), 2. the ventricle of stomach, 
 dyen cdt a. the placenta, secundines, see 
 tyol, dyen tyol. 
 
 cdt; c6t-td adv. altogether, in every 
 direction prok-kd cdt-td bu vb. to be 
 cracked in every direction. — cot-td cdt- 
 td tydm to kick convulsively (in every 
 direction as fowl etc. when dying). — 
 cot cdt convulsively. 
 
 cdn vb. t. to deprecate the approach of 
 evil spirits, to drive away evil spirits 
 mun cdn; rum-ka mun cdn-ka md vb. to 
 pray to rum to ward off evil spirits. 
 
 cdn see cdn. 
 
 cdp vb. t. to suck and afterwards spit 
 out the refuse (of tobacco) tam-ku cdp; 
 cdp-dydn to suck and spit out; man 
 tsdk-bd cdp when the meat was to tough, 
 to eject it. 
 
 cdp vb. to add to, to increase, to super- 
 add, to make addition to, rhl cdp-lun U 
 to add something to what was said be- 
 fore; to enlarge, to extend, to magnify, 
 to dilate. — c<^ byi vb. to give. 
 
 a-c6p s. adj. more, in addition to what 
 was before; a surplus, an increase; a-cdp 
 ul vb. to ask for more (as above measure). 
 a-cdp a-byit adv. more, excess, cdp-ld 
 adv. in addition, over, above, in excess. 
 
 cdm i. q. cam (1. to be clustered; 2. wife 
 of king). 
 
 cdm pret. com fat vb. t. to leave off, 
 to leave, forsake, to quit, to abandon, 
 to relinquish, to give up P. com fo, cdm 
 dydn id. li-kyon-rem zuk-sdn cdin-fo they 
 left off to build the city G. a-yu-re a-vo 
 c&m-dydn the wife has forsaken her hus- 
 band; — sak-ddk-ld com leave off griev- 
 ing; — com dydt vb. to leave behind Ex. 
 
 a-cdm s. the leavings; mu-tik cdm a 
 small pearl. 
 
 cdm, a-cdm s. 1. a comb of bee; 2. a 
 small head of tree. 
 
 cdm, a-cdm s. a stew. 
 
 cdm see mik-cdm (the eyelash). 
 
 cdr vb. cfr. T. skyur, cur Sch. 11. to 
 be sour, to be acid, fam-pdt-re cdr-bam 
 the fruit is sour. 
 
 a-cdr adj. 1. sour, 2. harsh (as language) 
 a-cdr ydn s. the sourness; a-cdr ydn ndn 
 the sourness is gone. — fam-cdr s. any- 
 
cdr— cdl 
 
 ca^*2a 
 
 87 
 
 thing sour, acid, vinegar, pickle, f.-c. bi p««-6w forked (as stick) see also cor, cwr. 
 
 8. any acid vegetable (rhubarb etc.). cdp incorr. f. c6r q. v. 
 
 cdr spread out, forked; in comp. (hand) cdl vb. to be in .uproar, commotion, 
 
 with fingers spread out, hd cor or a-kd to be noisy, to be turbulent, to be tu- 
 
 cor hand with out-spread fingers; kd cdr multuous. — c^oUii s. uproar, row, noise, 
 
 dyop^ to throw out hand (as in disgust tumult; c6l-ldt s. id.; tam-cdn-sd cdl-ldt; 
 
 ■ on-sdn-sd cdl-ldt. 
 
 ca the sixth letter of L. alphabet: 
 T. cB, pronounced like ch in church but 
 aspirated. 
 
 *ca T. spyad fr. spyod-pa 1. vb. to do, 
 to act, to perform in L. cd-lun zuk vb. 
 to do according to one's own mind. — 
 2. s. activity, way of acting, behaviour; 
 order, regularity, intelligence, cd-nyim-bo 
 s. an orderly, a sagacious person, md-ro 
 cd md-nyin-num-bo s. a disorderly (sloven- 
 ly, irregular) p. 
 caii see under c6n. 
 
 8ap onom. the sound of blows, a smash- 
 ing sound; cdp-ld buk vb. to give sm. 
 blows. 
 
 *cdt and cot T. cW, gcod{-pa) vb. t. to 
 cut; fok cdt litly. "cutting all impedi- 
 ment" advly. certainly, positively, tdk 
 cot ho-nun kd-su rin nydn gdn but if you 
 will give it, I pray thee, hear me G.; 
 ts6 cat litly. "cut the root" vb. to com- 
 prehend, to understand, to know posi- 
 tively. 
 
 *cdt, ce, cet (see also co, cot) T. mcod 
 {-pa) I. cdt, cet 1. s. a sacrifice, an offer- 
 ing; 2. to offer, cdt pu (^. mcod 'bul) or 
 cet-bo bu, cet kydp to, cet mat to, ce-bo 
 cet vb. to offer offerings, to make pro- 
 pitiatory offerings; bik cat cdt vb. to offer 
 a cow for sacrifice. — ce-bo or cet-bo s. 
 praise, adoration, ce-bo kydp vb. to praise 
 God, — cat-ten, see io-ten. 
 
 *ba T. iSa; also ce and cd. I. ca, cd s. 
 part, portion; half, the one part of a 
 
 pair; a pair, reciprocal adaption of 
 one thing; Mom cd a pair of shoes; bik 
 CO cows corresponding to eachother, fit 
 to be paired. — even number in opp. 
 to (a-fron) nyd an odd number, cd nyd 
 or cd pu nyd pu odds and evens (a 
 gambling game); also reciprocation of 
 body, mind, idles: accordance, agree- 
 ment, harmony, unison, conformability 
 see cd L. vb. 
 
 II. ce, cd s. news, intelligence, 
 information; cd-gyu T. ca-rgyus s. a col- 
 lection of news, an information; cd-gyu 
 md-nyin num-bo s. one without inform- 
 ation, cd-gyu yuk s. a newspaper; — pre- 
 liminary ^indication; indications, tokens, 
 signs, symptoms, prognostications: ce-td. 
 — ce mat vb. to indicate, to signify so 
 ryu-sdn-sd ce mat it promises to be fine 
 (as weather); — qualities, property. 
 
 III. ca, ce, CO T. ca and cas s. things, 
 necessaries, utensils; provisions; tool, 
 instrument, weapon; gi-cd T. rgyu-ca s. 
 a collection of articles, goods, furniture; 
 CO ce sacred utensils; mak-ce s. instru- 
 ments of war, arms; rap-ce s. id.; lak-ca, 
 lak-Se, lak-cd s. hand-utensils, tool; Idm- 
 ce s. ■ travelling utensils, baggage. — ce 
 mat vb. to prepare, to make ready, see 
 under II; nd/i-sdn-sd ce mat to prepare 
 to go. 
 
 *ca and cd T. cags s. affection, in- 
 clination, desire, lust; sdm cd the desires 
 or passions of the heart; sak cd strong 
 
*ea— *6ak 
 
 San— *efp 
 
 passion; td-ayu-ka ca kyop vb. to lust 
 after women; td-dyu-sd c6 tan vb. to 
 commit fornication; vb. to love, pyu-mo 
 CO vb. to beget; a-kup c6 vb. to conceive 
 Ex. see c6. 
 
 *6a see under cah 
 
 *6a-ne T. 'ca(-6a) and gnas s. a dwell- 
 ing place. 
 
 iSa-bro s. a sort of dance; ca-bro mat 
 vb. to dance do. 
 
 *ca-lu T. ca-lugs s. custom, manner, 
 habit, dum-sd ca-lu the fashion of dress. 
 
 *£ak T. 'cag(-pa) broken cak-kd or sak- 
 kd dek to break into pieces (as string). 
 
 *cak T. cag s. grain, food (not grass) 
 for horses ta cak; also cok. 
 
 *cak T. pyag s. hon. the hand L. a-kd. 
 also ca-, cok, con-, pyok; fd-no cok the 
 hand of king; cok su-set-sd un pii serve 
 up water for washing hands. 
 
 cd-gyo, cok-gyo, cak-gyd T. p.-rgya s 
 1. a handmark, a seal, a stamp; c.-g. 
 kyop vb. to seal; 2. a bow, a salutation 
 — cok-nor T. p.-nar hon. the wrist L. a-kd 
 tydm. — cak cun T. p. cun small hand 
 a small knife. — cak cen T. p. cen a large 
 knife M. ; confus. with Pers. Mku. — 
 cok-ten T. p.-rten s. a present or offering 
 of civility or ceremony. — cdk-fep T.p\- 
 mfeb s. the thumb L. a-kd dom. c6k-d6m 
 id.; c.-dom kyop vb. to seal. — cok-piT. 
 p.-pyis s. handkerchief L. td-ro. cak-bu, 
 cok-bu, (2) ca-bum T. p.- bid 1. court, 
 audience, 2. salutation; cok-bu n&h vb. 
 to grant an audience; c.-bu mat vb. to 
 pay respects, to salute; c.-bii-ka von vb. 
 to have an audience, to enter court; c.-bu 
 su vb. to seek an audience; cak-bu fo 
 vb. to pay respects, to salute; ca-bum 
 t6n vb. to pay respects, ace. M. to worship 
 idol. — Mn- (or cdn-^ zdt T. p.-mdsod s. 
 "a storehouse of the hand" a steward, 
 an agent, prime minister of king. — cak 
 tia, cok tsa, pyok tsa T. p. 'ts'al bowing 
 in adoration, respect, veneration, pydk-tsa 
 or cdk sal-Id mat to make obeisance, to 
 prostrate oneself J. Ex. P. ; L. sa-wo top. 
 c. tsal-lo T. p. "tsal-lo. — ^a-ri, cak-ri 
 
 T. p.-bris 8. a letter L. yuk M. 135. — 
 cok-sor T. p.-sor s. a finger L. kd-jdm. 
 
 can : can can adv. suddenly, inexpected- 
 ly, startling; (a-lui) c. c. ddk vb. (heart) 
 to palpitate from sudden alarm. 
 
 *can T. 'pyan(;-ba^ vb. to hang down; 
 can fok T. 'pyan-fag s. a plumb-line. 
 
 *can or cdn T. can L. ci q. cfr. kun- 
 c6n or gun- con T. rgun-c. s. grape wine, 
 wine; ne con T. nas-c. s. spirit made 
 from barley. — c.-fun T. c.-tun s. an 
 entertainment; c.-pdn s. T. c.-dpon s. a 
 chief-butler; c6n-mo s. a server-out of 
 ci; con-mo mat vb. to serve out ci. — 
 con tson-bo s. a wine- or spirit-merchant. 
 
 *cap or cdp T. cab hon. L. un; pa-no- 
 sd cap s. 1. water for king, 2. kings 
 urine, cap cu id. — can-cop or mik-cdp 
 hon. L. mik-grun. — son-c. T. gsan-cah 
 hon. s. urine; s. c. gon hon. an urinal 
 privy. — se-c. T. zal-cab hon. spittle. 
 
 *cam see kat-cam, dyo-cam fr.T. mtsams 
 a boundary? , 
 
 *cam and cdm T.' cam (-pa) see also c6 
 vb. n. to agree, to be in concord, to be 
 in harmony. 
 
 cal see under col. 
 
 *ei, ef T. ce(-ba) vb. 1. to be great, 
 large; august, noble, adj. great etc. 2- to 
 be urgent, emergent, to be weightly 
 (matter), heavy (as load) ci gat-nyi-mi' 
 sd fam a thing imperatively necessary; 
 ci-wun-sd dyok urgent business; md-ci-ne 
 it is not large; it is not important; it 
 is of no consequence; md-ci-nun small, 
 little, insignificant, unimportant, incon- 
 siderable. 3. to be expensive, diffusive, 
 to be dilated, to be deep. 4. to be 
 sound (as sleep); ci-bo i. q. tim-bo q.v- — 
 See under fu-je. 
 
 *bf-ma-ka-ru T. bye-ma-ka-ra s, sugar M. 
 
 *Sf-wa T. pyi-ba s. a marmot, Arctomys. 
 
 Sin-te s. table, bank; k6m-dyuk-bo'Sdn- 
 sd kom sa-dydn-lun ha-yu cin-te-pdnrfeilfi 
 gyam-dydn and poured out the chaiigera' 
 money, and overthrew the tables J, 
 
 *fiin-se T. sbyin-sreg s. a burnt-offering. 
 
 *bfp T. cibs hon. L. on, pd-no-sd cip 
 
^bil-*i5e-bo 
 
 *ce-bo — *cet 
 
 89 
 
 a Tehicle, a horse for king; cip-ka cip 
 hon. to mount horse or any vehicle. 
 *cil see under *col. 
 
 CU see piir-cu, sak-pur-cu. 
 
 cu adT. below, see a-cu^ o-cu, co-cu\ 
 see also cu (incorr.) and m. a-cun adj. s. 
 low, the lower part or side; — cun kon 
 advly. downwards, in the low direction; 
 cun-bo-re s. the lower, cun bam-bo s. the 
 people who live below; the inhabitants 
 of the low country; a-cun md-ro s. the 
 people of the plain, the Nepalese. 
 
 gu s. ace. M. power, might. 
 
 *cu incorr. for so T. zo s. curds. 
 
 *fiu T. cu s. L. un q. v. cu-gdk T. c.- 
 'gags s. strangury; ^u-fok T. c.-facf a. a 
 watermill; cu-don T. c.-don s. a well; 
 cu-ndt T. c.-snad s. a bucket; cu-mik 
 T. cu-mig s. a fountain. — cu-tsdt T. cu- 
 ts'od (a waterclock) s. an hour, a clock, 
 a watch, a timepiece, c.-ts. a-ldn kam- 
 pat buk-so the hour will strike soon; 
 cu-tsdt kat one hour; c.-ts. k. buk-lel-fat 
 it has struck one; 2.-fe'. sd-tet g6 (nyi- 
 wun-d) what is the hour or what o'clock 
 is it? t'.-fe'. nydt gum it is 2 o'clock; 
 cu-tsdt fd-no gur-ndn five hours have 
 passed. — cu-zom T. cu-bzom s. a water- 
 tub, a vat; cu-lok s. vesicles, blister; cu- 
 sin and cu-sun T. cu-srin s. a water- 
 monster, makara P.; an alligator. 
 
 £u-pf s. ace. M. sulphur. 
 
 cuk-po kuii see suk-po k. 
 
 *fiun (T.) adj. small, little. 
 
 but s. breaking of wind without noise, 
 pyit-cut mat to break wind. 
 
 cun see under cu. 
 
 *ce T. (fe see ci L. ti; fu-je ce it is 
 your great magnanimity, it is your kind- 
 ness, thank you. — ce-do T. ce-dod s. 
 ambition, c.-d. mat vb. to be ambitious; 
 — ce-t6p T. c.-tabs s. arrogance, c. t'. mat 
 vb. to be arrogant. 
 
 *ce T. pye s. flour, meal. 
 
 *U T. ca, cas see ca. 
 
 6e, ce ce exclam. of disgust. 
 
 *ce-bo T. cad^pa see cet-po. 
 
 *ce-bo see under cat. 
 
 *ce-bo T. 'pyon-pa s. fornication, 
 adultery; an adulterer, a fornicator; ce- 
 bo mat vb. to commit adultery, applied 
 to men only. — ce-mo T. 'pyon-ma s. 
 1. a prostitute, a harlot; 2. prostitution; 
 ce-mo Ma-nak a. a low whore; ce-mo Idt 
 s. fornication, prostitution; ce-mo gyu vb. 
 to go about playing the whore; ce-mo 
 mat vb. to commit adultery. J. 
 
 *cek T. 'ceg^-pa) vb. to split, to cleave. 
 
 *cet I. s. offering, see under *cdt and *cot. 
 
 *Set II. T. sed s. power, strength, force, 
 vigour, authority, influence, power of 
 mind, ability; cet-tun upon the strength 
 of, on the consideration of, gi-co-sd cet- 
 tun on the strength of his wealth, bon-sd 
 cet-tiin on the strength of his power. 
 sd-lu sd-li-sd ^et-tiin non to go depending 
 on his bow and quiver. — cet-nyi vb. to 
 be strong, cet-nyim-bo a str. person, 
 strong, powerful, vigorous, mighty, potent, 
 puissant; a-kd cet-nyim-bo-wun mat-lim 
 pld-ndn they went out with an high hand 
 Ex.; prov. cet nyi gdn ban let if you are 
 strong, the knife is sharp, anglice : a bad 
 workman always blames his tool; cet 
 md-nyin-ne without strength, powerless. 
 — md-cet-ne without power, carelessly. — 
 sak-cin cet po-ld suitable to the strength 
 of ability. — cet tan vb. to put forth 
 strength; cet fap vb. to commit violence 
 (as rape etc.), cet fap-lun td-ayu hlok 
 to commit violence on a female; to show 
 power, to use influence; cet dyum vb. to 
 measure strength; cet dot vb. to put forth 
 strength; cet mat-tun using strength, vio- 
 lence; c. Tnat-tun td-dyu hlok to rape a 
 woman; cet-zon vb. to be oppressive, rin 
 li bo cet-zon to bully, to be overbearing; 
 cet len zdn-nun-sd mlo a weight beyond 
 one's strength. 
 
 *8et ni. T. cad a. a contract, an agree- 
 ment, a covenant; ?. mat to make a., to 
 stipulate; yuk ^et s. a written contract, 
 a bond, rin- cet s. a verbal agreement, 
 a contract, an agreement P., r.-c. kydp vb. 
 to contract, to promise, Id-vo kat-sd cet 
 mat to make an appointment of one month. 
 
 6' 
 
90 
 
 *6et- 
 
 *co 
 
 "go 
 
 *cet IV. Tb. n. T. 'cad{-pa) to be left 
 out as word or letter in writing tsok cet; 
 to be omitted, to be wanting: bon cet: 
 to leave speach unfinished, to mistake, 
 to plunder; to cease (as rain: so cet); 
 to intermit, to desist, to disappear: cet 
 non. S.-sd td-uyu Urn cet-ndn it ceased 
 to be with S. after the manner of women 
 Gr., t. to stop, to omit min cet to omit a 
 word as in writing; a-kup nyen cet Tb. 
 to wean a child, to ablactate. 
 
 md-cet-ne adv. without intermission, 
 incessantly, constantly; rin md-cet-nd U 
 vb. to talk incessantly. 
 
 *i3et-fdt T. Jcyad-f s. the length M. 
 
 *cet-bo s. T. cad-pa a fine, a punish- 
 ment, cet-bo a-tim a heavy fine, cet- bo 
 a-cum a slight fine; cet-bo cik vb. to pay 
 a fine; cet-bo ka vb. to impose a fine; 
 ^et-bo lyo vb. to receive fine; cet-bo zdk 
 vb. to be liable to fine, to be fined. 
 
 cet-hra s. superciliousness, cet-hrd bam 
 vb. to be supercilious, rin cet hrd super- 
 cilious language. 
 
 *cen-po, cen-bo T. cen-po see tim-bo s. U. 
 
 *cep-bo T. ceb-po adj. great, superior, 
 a-kijp ^eb-bo the eldest child. 
 
 *cem T. cem in comp. lia-ccm T. a will, 
 a testament, ka-cem T. bkd-cem hon. id. 
 
 *C0 I. T. cos s. 1. dharma, religion, 
 moral, doctrine; learning, co-lii. 
 according to religion; — co-sd dok id.; — 
 co-sd a-pot fop vb. to obtain the fruits 
 of knowledge; — co-ka go to delight in 
 religion; san-gye-sd co-ka md-go-ne to 
 hate Buddha's law P.; — co-ka tap vb. 
 to place (children) for instruction; — 
 co-ka no-o go to meditate; — co-ka von 
 to become a monk; — co cet bi vb. to 
 explain; — co mat T. cos byed-pa to act 
 or live religiously, righteously freq. P. — 
 CO sdm cin to be devout, to be studious; 
 CO sdm-din-bo s. adj. devout. — 2. book, 
 literature; M. gives the following titles 
 of L. books: kin-tsum-sd co; kydn-sd co; 
 nd-gyon-sdn-sd co ("book of enchant- 
 ment"); co-ten-sd co; td-se sdn-sd co Ta- 
 she's history; t'u-klon-sdn-sd co; kre mik- 
 
 kiin dun-sd co; ddk-da-bo-sd mat-sdn-sd co 
 instructions for the curing of sick; dik-po 
 Id-yo to-sdn-sd co the guide for cleansing 
 of sins; du-ndt tsok-sdn-sd co book to 
 prevent being hurt by disease; nam-ryu- 
 Id zuk-bdn-sd co book showing how to 
 ensure prosperous seasons; ne-yuk-sd co; 
 po-mu nan-se-sd co; bi-ro-tsa-na-sd co a 
 book of moral instructions; fydn mun 
 tsok-sdn-sd co book to guard against 
 enemies and evil spirits; md-rum nyi- 
 sdn-sd CO book for lengthening the allott- 
 ed period of life; mak-ba I6m fron-sdn- 
 sd CO b. for showing after death the path 
 wither to go; mun nan-sdn-sd co b. for 
 holding in dominion evil spirits; mun 
 ryak-Mn-sd co - b. for casting out evil 
 spirits; tsu-pe-sd co; rum fat-sdn-sd co 
 b. of instructions in offerings to God; 
 lyan su-sd co; lyan a-kyet zuk-sdn-sd co 
 b. for keeping a country in peace; sd-tap 
 tsdk-sdn-sd co b. for preventing the pour- 
 ing of hail; sdn-gye sdn-sd co b. of buddhist 
 religion ; so tsok-sdn-sd co b. for prevent- 
 ing the pouring of rain; sak-cin sdm 
 kyet-sd co b. for showing how to have 
 tranquillity of thought; ay on kuk-sdn-sd 
 co; a-kup md-nyin-nd-ba nyi-ld zuk-sdn- 
 sd CO instruction how to obtain children. 
 — CO dap vb. to shut a b.; — co dot vb. 
 to chant a b. fr. memory; — co mat vb. 
 to learn a b., to learn, to study, see also 
 under 1; — co hldk vb. to read a b.; — 
 co-sd tsuk-du s. an abridgment of b. 
 co-sd a-cun s. the chief point of b. ; — 
 &-«a a-tydp s. the substance, the sense 
 of b.; — co-sd a-hlyum s. a library; — 
 'So-ka gom-jok md-nyin-ne there is no 
 order in the b.; — co-ka nyi-da tet the 
 contents of a b. — 3. sometimes used 
 by L.'s in s. of courtesy, obligingness, 
 politeness, urbanity; md-r6 co nyim-bo 
 obliging person; co md-nyin-num-bo or 
 rnd-ro co met-bo a disobliging p.; co zdn 
 according to good manners. 
 
 Comp. co-ko s. ordinances, rites, cere- 
 mony; co-k6 mat vb. to perform ceremony; 
 co-ko-pdn s. master of ceremonies; — 
 
'co- 
 
 "CO 
 
 *£o — *cok 
 
 91 
 
 co-gyu s. a lesson, a task; — co-ge pa-no 
 T. cos-kyi rgyal-po the judge of the souls, 
 of the dead Skt. dharmardja P.; — co ce 
 sacred articles; — co com s. an altar; Gr. 
 
 — CO tem-bo s. the rules of religion; — 
 CO fdm lyan s. a bookshelf or place for 
 putting b.'s; — co-ne T. cos-gnas a. a 
 monastery; co-ne-bo s. a monk, a priest; 
 a hermit; — co-pan s. 1. attendant on 
 priest, 2. a librarian; — co-pu i.q. co-bo; 
 
 — co-p6r s. a printing press; co-por kyop 
 vb. to print, see por buk; — co plyd-bo 
 i. q. CO dyit; — co ban s. the beginning 
 of b.; — co-bo s. a learned man, a scholar, 
 a clergyman, a monk T. rnal-byor-pa, 
 Skt. bhikshu, yogin, co-bo ydn-re fam-cdn 
 ponsdn gum the clergy are to benefit of 
 all living beings P.; co-bo ge-lon mat to 
 become a devotee, to become a student; 
 co-bo-sd md-zu ma^ to assume appearance 
 of devout man or of a monk T. dge-lon 
 zig-tii sprul-ba P. — co-mik s. letter, the 
 spots on dice, co-mik re sup-sup mat-lun 
 ryu-ld md-M-ne the letters are so small 
 I cannot see them; — co min s. a word; 
 
 — co-ydn s. a fee given to priest for 
 teaching, co-ydn fap to give fee to p.; — 
 CO ydm-bo s. one skilled in books or 
 religion ; — tfo-yuk s. scriptures ; co-yuk-sd 
 tem-bo tsdk to establish religion; — co-lep 
 s. a leaf of a book; co-lep pun s. the 
 margin of leaf; co-kin id.; I'o-lep lut vb. 
 to turn over b.; — co-lem dap vb. to shut 
 book; — co-lem fot vb. to open b.; — 
 ^o-lok T. ^OS-log s. a rejected probationer 
 for priesthood; — co lom-ka ndn vb. to 
 walk in the path of religion P.; — co- 
 hryum and co-hrim s. 1. chastity; co- 
 hrim-bo s. a virgin, a chaste young male 
 or female; 2. religious training, T. 'dul- 
 ba, Skt. vinaya : co-hrim tsam to maintain 
 r. t.; co-hrim -bo one under moral dis- 
 cipline, a lama's servitor; co-hrim rdn-so 
 contrary to religious rules; — co-dyit s. 
 an author. 
 
 *co II. see cok. 
 
 *fio III. T. m^od(-pa) see also ce, Mt 
 s. an offering, a sacrifice; — co-K6n 
 
 T. mead- Man s. a place of sacrifice, a 
 temple, an altar; ^ co-kun s. a brass- 
 lamp, used for sacred purposes, a candle- 
 stick or lamp-holder; — co-com s. a niche 
 or stand for image or sacred thing, an 
 altar, see also co I.; — i'o-ten T. mcod- 
 rten s. a monument, a sacred building 
 Skt. caitya; co-ten ca-run ka-sor name of 
 a celebrated monument near Kathmandu; 
 
 — co-mi T. mcbd-me (the lights used on 
 an altar) s. a lamp, a light, man sut-sd 
 co-mi a tallow-candle; — co-mi dun(^-re) 
 s. the wick of lamp; — co-mi dyak s. the 
 fiame of 1.; — co-mi la-la s. the flicker- 
 ing of 1. ; co-mi la-la dyak(^-bam) to flicker; 
 
 — co-mi mak (lamp) to go out; — co-mi 
 glot vb. to light 1.; co-mi sot vb. to ex- 
 tinguish light. 
 
 *bo IV. T. pyogs s. side, quarter, party, 
 sect, faction, L. kon; co ji the four 
 quarters; nak co T. nag-p. s. 1. the 
 dark side of moon or month; 2. evil 
 spirits; kar-co T. dkar-p. s. 1. the light, 
 2. good spirits; — pUn-jiim co s. the 
 enemy's side, hostile, hostility; — co je 
 T. pyogs - bye adj. foreign, belonging 
 to another; — co-no T. pyogs -sna s. 
 foreign, of another country, md-ro co-no 
 foreigner. 
 
 *co-gu l.sog-bu, sug-gu s. 1. paper; co-gu 
 a-fdr a sheet of paper; <!.-gu k'o a full 
 uncut do.; co-gu a-gun a blank paper; — 
 co-gu a-tdn thick paper, co-^m a-sap thin 
 paper, co-^tm pi-t'om-bo written paper, 
 manuscript, co-gu for-fom-bo sheets of 
 paper pasted together; co-gu Idk vb. to 
 make paper; co-^m lep i. q. co lep; — 
 2. fam-blydk s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 *CO-lon or so-lon T. co-lo s. dice, co- 
 lon ri vb. to shake dice; co-Ion dydn vb. 
 to throw dice; co-Ion kH vb. to play with 
 dice; co-Ion kH-bo a gambler. 
 
 *cok and co T. mcog advly. very, most 
 M. 32 f., e. c. a-tim large, tim-co largest; 
 man little, man-co least; a-ryum good, 
 ryum-co best. 
 
 *bok T. cog adj. fit, worthy, proper, 
 able of, z&m cok fit for eating; lin cok 
 
92 
 
 6ok— cd 
 
 *U—*Up 
 
 worthy of being spoken of; von cok 
 passable; dyek cok to-tsdt s. harvest. 
 
 6ok incorr. for sok (negat.) or cdk 
 q. q. cfr. 
 
 *6on T. con s. n. of a stone, Calcedony, 
 aec. Jaschke Cornelian or Sardonyx. 
 
 6on s. a line; adj. smooth, straight, 
 con kyop vb. to rule a line; to make 
 straight, to smooth. 
 
 cot vb. to act, to decide, cot-Id adv. 
 certainly, cot-Id ho kd-su kor-ka a-vi-don- 
 bo a-vo dyum-ha surely a bloody husband 
 art thou to me Ex. 
 
 *cot T. cod see Mt. 
 
 cor: cor-la adv. reaching the point; 
 penetrating into (as arrow etc. when 
 hitting and entering the object) reaching 
 the bottom as stick, when forced into 
 tube; ban hyam-ka cor-ld von vb. the b. 
 has gone to full into its' sheath. 
 
 col vb. to pluck up by roots, to eradi- 
 cate (as plant), to pull out entirely, to 
 extract (as tooth etc.). 
 
 *col T. 'colQ-ba to be in confusion), 
 col-ld, cal-ld col-ld or cil-ld col-ld adv. 
 confusedly, disorderly, col-ld nan to be 
 in confusion. 
 
 *C(5 I. T. ca, COS see ?a. 
 
 c6 II. c6m vb. to agree, to correspond, 
 to accord with, to harmonize, to be con- 
 gruous, reciprocal, to be fit, to be suit- 
 able; met. to agree, to be in unity. 
 md co-nun-sd on a horse not adapted 
 for riding; — go ho-sd md-co-num-o I can 
 have no fellowship with you; — go-nun 
 a-dom co-luii md-Ku-ne I cannot agree 
 with you; — hu sd-ha co-bam go Id co- 
 sdn gum when he is there, I will be 
 with him; — go sd-ba c6-ba td-se sd-ld 
 c6-sdn giim wheresoever I am, there is 
 Ta-se also. P.; — co-wun-sd lyan a land 
 adapted for living in; — md-c6-nun-sd 
 unadapted, inconformable, inappropriate, 
 unsuitable, unbefitting. — md-c6-nun-sd 
 md-ro a person not fit to be associated 
 with; — together, in one in comp. 
 c6 da vb. to lie together; — c6-(lun) non 
 to accompany; — co t'o vb. to place things 
 
 together corresponding to eachother; — 
 CO no vb. to boil together as meat and 
 vegetables; man sd bi co no boil the m. 
 and V. together. — 2. to take root: 
 applied to seed of tree, to generate, 
 copulare a-yu-sd md- com- nun do not 
 have carnal connection with women; — 
 a-kup CO or co nop to become pregnant 
 Ex. ; l.-sd td-ayu-kiip nyum hd-nyi bo kup 
 CO non thus were both the daughters of 
 L. with child by their father G. 3. to 
 be appropriate, to be apposite, to be 
 good for, to be meet, to be propitious; 
 CO lyot vb. to do anything in opposition, 
 to take revenge etc. M. — in sense of 
 purpose, benefit hu-ka su co U gdn 
 what would be the use of speaking to 
 him; — co met without cause or reason. 
 — com-mun s. agreement, harmony, 
 accordance, union, sympathy; peace. 
 
 com-ld adv.: com-ld mat vb. to make 
 friends, to cease hostilities, to be re- 
 conciled, to be agreed in as in opinion, 
 to make peace. 
 
 a-com s. i. q. com-mun, a-com a-tun id. 
 a- com a-tun go-nun a-yu kor-ka to kd-su 
 a-com rem go-nun a-yum bo peace I leave 
 with you, my peace I give unto you J. 
 
 *c6 III. T. 'pya(-ba) s. taunt, re- 
 proach; CO ka, CO kyop, co ton vb. to 
 taunt, to reproach; co rin li vb. to remind 
 one of one's fault; in L. also: rancour, 
 illwill, malignity, malice, co kyop to be 
 malicious; crime, fault, cometi.; md- 
 ro-sd CO md-nyin-num-bo a man without 
 a fault. 
 
 *cdk T. pyag see cak. 
 
 *fidk T. cag see cak. 
 
 *6dn- see cak. 
 
 *Sdn T. can L. ci see can. 
 
 cdii s. a fine, see gye-c. and pam-c. 
 
 cdt fr. T. brgyad see ka cot, dyo cot. 
 
 *cdn T. ^an s. boiled grain. 
 
 *cdp see cap. 
 
 *6dp T. 'cab(-pa) vb. to conceal, to hide. 
 
 *cdp T. cab (-ma) s. a buckle, ^op-IMk 
 T. cab-hlag s. an ecclesiastical decoration 
 of high order. ko-c6p T. bgo-^ab s. the 
 
cdm — Edr 
 
 ja— jat 
 
 93 
 
 buckle of waistbaiid, used by L.'s for 
 a belt. 
 
 cdm see ka-com, dyo com. 
 
 *cdm see under ed, cfr. T. 'cam(-pa). 
 
 *cdm 1.'cam{-pa) s. gymnastics, vb. to 
 dance; com-bam-bo a dancer, a gymnast; 
 com lyan s. a gymnasion; com kyop vb. 
 to dance, to exercise gymnastics. 
 
 cdr s. the pouring of water, un air-Id 
 glo the noise of falling water, uii cor-ld 
 lu'ii to pour out much water. 
 
 cor-rd cor-rd adv. pouring; in torrents; 
 so cor-rd c&r-rd yii rain to fall in torrents ; 
 zo cor-rd cor-rd liin to spill rice in 
 quantities. 
 
 J 
 
 ja T. E the seventh letter of the L. 
 alphabet ace. M. pronounced like the 
 French j. 
 
 ja, jci vb. t. to fix arrow on the string, 
 to prepare to fire off; jd bii din vb. to 
 prepare to fire off; jd op vb. to fix do. 
 and fire. — vb. il, gerund: jam and jum, 
 to sit, used generally when tired with 
 burden, to sit without taking burden off, 
 to rest, bii jd-ld non to go along carry- 
 ing load resting it at intervals; pd-jum 
 lyan jd vb. to sit in a crouched manner. 
 
 Deriv. pd-jd, pd-jdm, pci-jum sitting 
 on hams bum pd-jd. — piin-jd s. support- 
 ing, resting, carrying, help, support, 
 assistance, dependance; explet. to pun-top. 
 
 (ja), sa-ja-la adv. rising up as skin 
 when rubbed. 
 
 ja-na see under jdn. 
 
 ja-mdr-zo s. a spec, of zo (rice) q. v. M. 
 
 jdk vb. to have remnants, to be left: 
 un jdk-bam there are remains of the 
 water; jdk dydn or jdk nyon vb. to fling 
 away remains; jdk, a-jdk s. the remnants, 
 the sediment, the debris; the dregs, the 
 refuse; the finale, the close, the end, 
 the last, the rear; a-jdk-bo adj. the last 
 one; jdk-bo i. q. a-jdk. 
 
 jak I. i. q. zdk vb. t. to hit the mark 
 (as arrow); to reach the point: (arrow, 
 bullet; speach) to be apposite, to have 
 effect, to achieve, to accomplish, to ful- 
 fil, to operate; to point, to indicate, to 
 
 direct; to be pointed, to taper, to be 
 conical, a-do riil Mm jdk your words 
 hit him; — jd op-lihl mdk-ka jdk taking 
 aim to fire and hit the target; — • ke-ci 
 jdk-non the necessary business is accom- 
 plished; — a-kd-nun jdk vb. to indicate 
 with hand; a-kd-sd jdk-lun dim to show 
 by touching with finger; lom-kun jdk s. 
 a hand -post on road; a-kd jdk s. the 
 forefinger; jdk byi vb. to point at; jdk 
 non to be pointed conical. 
 
 II. also jok to join, to kiss, M non-lun 
 rum-sd hlo-ka hii-sd Uum-lun hum a-bon 
 jdk he went and met him in the mount 
 of God, and kissed him. Ex. hence a-bori 
 jok a pointed mouth; — suk-jdk 1. id.; 
 2. a rat Tbr.; — liik-don bou jok a large, 
 long-mouthed dog. 
 
 jak incorr. for jak (tuk-sdm mat) and 
 for juk to decrease. — suk-jdk-ld advly. 
 narrow in centre and large at ends, 
 narrow-waisted. 
 
 jan, jdn s. a rising hill, an eminence, 
 a mountain M. 81; — redupl. siin-jdn-ld 
 hilly, lya/i siin-jdii-ld ah. country; heaped- 
 fuU s.-j.-ld cik vb. to give heaped measure; 
 s.-j.-ld blydn to be heapedfull. 
 
 jan-dor s. a spec, of mushroom. 
 
 jat I. see jet. 
 
 *jat n. vb. t. T. bsad^-pa) to ask, to 
 desire, to wish, to demand. 
 
 jat UI. s. a pin (large), used to pin 
 up L. -cloth over shoulder; jdt-nun fyer 
 
94 
 
 jdn — jar 
 
 jal— jak 
 
 or jrU fyer fo to pin cloth together; jdt 
 6t vb. to take out pin (out of cloth); 
 jdt-sd u Tb. to take out with pin (as 
 thorn); jdt-nun tsdt vb. to prick with pin. 
 
 jcin vb. to rise up and sit down again; 
 jdn jdn restless, impatient, fickle, change- 
 able, variable; Jdn jdn mat vb. to be 
 restless, to move up and down; tuk-cek 
 jdn jdn mat to be restless. 
 
 jan, jd-nd, jdn-nd and^ew vb. to be bad, 
 to be evil; to be poor, indigent, destitute; 
 Or-bo jd-nd gdn a-kup jdn-ndn-ne if the 
 father be bad, the son will be bad. — Ma 
 jen abuse; nym^ jen menacing; nyor jen 
 fo zom a menacing diabolical aspect; td- 
 gri-hu jen a venomous centipede. 
 
 a-jdn, a-jen; jdn-bo, jdn-nd-bo adj. bad, 
 evil, wicked, pernicious, indigent, sordid, 
 a-jdn-nd sak-cin-bo s. a badminded man; 
 a-jdn a-dyon poor, the poor; jdn-kyon-bo 
 id.; jdn-bo krok-bo gan kup (zon) rich 
 and poor, old and young. 
 
 jdn-ldt s. 1. badness, evil, wickedness, 
 ill; 2. poverty, indigence, distress, need, 
 penury, privation, destitution. 
 
 2. advly. temporally, a short time; li 
 jd-nd zuk vb. to build a temporary house; 
 jdn tet bam vb. to remain for a short 
 time only. 
 
 jdp vb. to be small enough to catch 
 hold of, to be very minute, tsam md- 
 jdp-nd too small to be laid hold of (said 
 of a child); a-kd-nun jap md-Ku-ne can- 
 not catch it, it is too small to pick up; 
 kat-niin kat-mum m.d-jdp-ne the one is 
 too little for the other; to pick up (poor 
 relations, when one has become a great 
 man); — jdp-lun dyok mat vb. to do work 
 completely to a jota. — jap -bo a very 
 small thing, a jot. — jdp-pd jdp-pd adv. 
 drizzling, so jdp-pd jdp-pd yu to drizzle. 
 
 j5m I. vb. to repair M. 
 
 jam II., tiin-jdm see under jam. 
 
 jam in., a-kd jdm tip of finger. 
 
 jam, jdm-md adj. all, entire see jam. 
 
 ]iv: jdr-rd jdr-rd adv. flashy, showy, 
 splendid, sparkling, magnificent jdr-rd 
 dr-rd mat vb. to have a showy appear- 
 
 ance, to be fine, said of tail of peacock; 
 jdr-rd jdr-rd 16m vb. to walk with great 
 show, to flaunt. 
 
 jal I. see jel. 
 
 jal II. jel vb. (cfr. T. mjal-bd) to have 
 correct pronunciation M. 6, to speak 
 correctly, md-jel-ne not to pronounce 
 correctly, rin jel-ld li vb. to speak a 
 language correctly; to speak truly, ad- 
 equately, jel-ld md-jeUne impossible to 
 describe; a-jdl s. correct pronunciation. 
 
 jal III. vb. to be used to, to become 
 accustomed to, to become expert; ayok 
 yak md-jdl-ne to be awkward in work; 
 — a-kup-re lorn jdl the child has acquir- 
 ed the art of walking. 
 
 jdl vb. to dry over fire: applied to 
 sticks or split bamboos etc.; bok zu jdl 
 to dry the split bamboo {bok) for torch. 
 
 ja exclam. of irritation, disgust, .im- 
 patience; ja gram or ja grdm-ld adv. 
 quickly; ja Jio-ld get you gone, get away, 
 tush! fie fie! 
 
 *ja-giik corr. fr. T. Icags-kug s. a sort 
 of long clasp used by women round the 
 waist, a hook, a buckle. 
 
 ja-gyu s. a large spec, of tuk-nol q. v. 
 
 *jak I. T. Ijags hon. s. L. a-U q. v.; 
 jak-cu hon. spittle saliva. 
 
 *jak n. T. gzag(-pa) vb. to subdue by 
 witchcraft, to enchant, to bewitch, to 
 cause evil spirit to enter a person; jak 
 tuk-sdm ydm-bo s. a wizard, a sorcerer, 
 an enchanter; jak ydm-bo mun s. a priest, 
 which possesses the knowledge of en- 
 chantment. 
 
 *jak in. T. 'jag-{pd) vb. to establish, 
 to settle, to fix; tso jak vb. to colour, 
 to paint. 
 
 kd-jak a firm hold; explet. for kd-tan 
 q. V. kd-jak-ld tsam vb. to grasp firmly. 
 
 jak IV. vb. 1. to itch, to tickle, to 
 titillate; md jak-kun do not tickle; but 
 jak s. the itch, psora; jak-ldt s. itchiness, 
 titillation. 
 
 a-jak; tiik-jak s. itching; kd-sdk tuk-jak 
 s. a spec, of imwholesome k.-s., which 
 produces an itching when eaten. 
 
jan^jam 
 
 jam — ji 
 
 95 
 
 2. to desire, to long, to lust for; num- 
 lyen jak to lust after a maid. 
 
 jan I. vb. to shirer, to tremble, to feel 
 blood run cold, to shudder mu jan-ld 
 nydn to feel an inward shrinking from 
 cold, fear etc. mu jan-ld li vb. to feel 
 blood run cold as from fear, fever etc. 
 jan-nd adv. J. : troubled hu-do som-ka yu 
 muk-lun mu jan-nd li he groaned in the 
 spirit and was troubled. — redupl. siin- 
 jan-ld adv. standing outfretted as hair, 
 feather. 
 
 jan n. vb. to be close as mat, basket- 
 work etc. a-fo jan {non) to be close set 
 as teeth, regular, hence "to be dead" Tbr. 
 
 jan-ld adv. fine as basket work, com- 
 pactly jan-ld tset vb. to knot closely; 
 tuk-pdl jan-ld kok vb. to make paling 
 close; jan-ld tap vb. to place close to- 
 gether; jan-ld t'ydr vb. to raddle finely, 
 closely. 
 
 a-jan adj. close, compact as matting, 
 baaketwork, thatch. — tun-jan s. a basket 
 small at bottom and large above chiefly 
 for carrying. 
 
 jap; jap-pd jap -pa adv. quick with 
 fingers, dexterous; jap-pd jap-pd tsam 
 vb. to be quick in taking hold of. 
 
 *jap T. zabs see sap; jap-ci T. zahs-pyi 
 s. a foot-man, a servant. 
 
 *jap-tsu T. 'jab-tse s. a pair of scissors, 
 pincers; jap-Uu-sd tydt vb. to cut with 
 scissors. 
 
 jam I. vb. to dip into water, to im- 
 merse; jam nydn to be dipped; un-ka 
 dum jam to dip cloth into water; — gui- 
 ld jam vb. to plunge under water, to 
 (JiYe; — jam-byi vb. to baptize Chr. 
 
 jam-md jam-md shallow (water); un 
 jam-md jam-md da to lie deep enough 
 (water) about to wet the feet.. 
 
 a-jam s. baptism J. — tiir-jam-mo or 
 tiin-jam-mo s. water, rain Tbr. t.-j.-mo 
 b&n to rain Tbr. 
 
 jam II. vb. to collect, to gather together, 
 to assemble. — adj. all, altogether gun 
 jam; jam-Id adv. altogether, jam-Id mat 
 vb. to gather together jam-Id mat to id. 
 
 a-jam adv. altogether, completely, see 
 gyom, gydm. 
 
 jam in., a-jam s. use, adventage; accu- 
 racy, a-jam ndk vb. to examine; a-jam 
 nyim-bo adj. of use, useful; a-jam md- 
 nyin-nwm-bo adj. useless; — a-jam, tak- 
 sik mat vb. to ascertain, a-jam tak-sik 
 mat vydt vb. to ascertain by actual in- 
 quiry; — a-jam mat vb. to ascertain; — 
 a-jam li vb. to speak to advantage or 
 to the purpose. 
 
 *jam IV. see j6m. 
 
 *jam-pal T. "jams-dpal n. pr. Mafijusri. 
 
 *jam-bydn T. 'jam-dbyans n. pr. Maiiju- 
 ghosa. *jam-by6n rip s. the daisy, Bellis 
 perennis. 
 
 *jal T. zal see se; *jal-ta-r)io see se- 
 ta-mo. 
 
 jf I. vb. to be peevish and fretful and 
 cry for things, said of children; (a-kUp) 
 ji gye mat hryop to fret and cry much 
 for anything (as a child). 
 
 pd-ji or piir-ji s. trouble, annoyance, 
 vexation, nervousness; sak piir-ji vexation. 
 
 jf II. (see also ?') s. sand: fat-ji; Idn 
 ji grit, gravel, sand; so noil ji s. small 
 flakes of snow; sd-tap ji s. small hail- 
 stones. 
 
 a-ji s. small flakes or particles as of 
 snow etc. 
 
 td-ji s. 1. powder, dust, very fine par- 
 ticles, flour. 2. a spec, of fern, see under 
 td-jit; — 3. a spec, of kvn-dak; — 4. a 
 small spec, of midge td-ji-sd uydt; — 
 5. incorr. for tur-ji q. v. 
 
 redupl. sd-ji-ld thin, fine. 
 
 jit vb. 1. to sift as corn zo jit; 2. to 
 adjudicate, rin jit-liin sem to investigate, 
 to try; — a-jit s. the separating of small 
 stones fr. grain zo a-jit lyet. 
 
 id-jit i. q. td-ji 1. broken particles of 
 grain, meal zo ci-ba td-i td-jit tet zuk 
 when treading rice to overdo it by 
 bruising the rice; son hlok non zo jil 
 gdn fral-h td-jit nun-so the weather 
 being very dry, the rice if it gets very 
 dry, will become brittle and crumble 
 into pieces; td-jit fydt vb. "to cut the 
 
96 
 
 ji— Ifk 
 
 *jfk— *jit 
 
 sand" Tbr.: to make water. 2. spore of 
 fern: td-jit tun-kr6k. 
 
 jf III. for jit see also dyit; ji ri-nom 
 vb. to stink; dyit ji ri-nom s. a feculent 
 smell; _;'/ zcik \h. to be filthy, to be con- 
 taminated, to be tainted, to become 
 corrupt, to be polluted, (physically and 
 morally) as eating food placed for the 
 dead or eating in the house of a woman, 
 who has just given birth to a child. — 
 ji di-so the consequences will be bad, 
 said when a person would eat food, 
 which has lain near where a man has 
 died, under the idea that with his dying 
 breath foulness entered the food. 
 
 ji-fi i. q. fi tnuii q.v.; — ji-lut s. manure, 
 compost. 
 
 ji IV. s. 1. spec, offish no ji, ji-no; tHk-ji 
 id. 2. tUn-ji, sijbn-ji Picus confertifiora. 
 
 jf v., kd-ji see kd the hand. 
 
 *jf VI. T. gzi s. ground, cause, origin, 
 basis. 
 
 *ji YII. T. Ui num. four L. fa-li. 
 
 jf Yin. (T. spyi-brtoU) vb. to be ex- 
 asperated as wasps, to be irritated, vot 
 ha ji-nan the bees swarm and assault. 
 
 *jf IX. T. 'byi(-ba to be blotted out, 
 cleansed, to be purified), kiir-cin-sd kvn- 
 lok zo ji zo to prepare the meal of the 
 kiir-c. and the seed of the kiin-l. for 
 eating by purification and expelling the 
 poison in hot ashes; ji ce s. purification. 
 
 *jf X. for je T. •rye, *ji-run T. rje-drun 
 s. a learned man, a pandit. 
 
 *jf, ji-v6r fr. T. gzir-ba adj. long, pro- 
 tracted, chronic; ji-v&r-ld dak a protract- 
 ed illness; ji-vdr-lun mak, ji-lun mak vb. 
 to have a p. illness and die; hlet-kdk ji- 
 Kn mak to die fr. a p. cough, ji-v&r-ld 
 adv. harassing, see also jir. 
 
 *ji mfn i. q. je-min. 
 
 *ji-ten incorr. for jik-ten L. sUk-dum. 
 
 *ji-ro T. zim-ro s. a superior sort of 
 bread made with butter, a sweetmeat. 
 
 *jfk T. 'jig(-pa) vb. to destroy, to spoil, 
 to ruin, to rend, to despoil; jik-bo de- 
 structive, spoiling, ruining; jik-ldt s. de- 
 struction, devastation, laceration. 
 
 a-jik s. rag as of cloth dUm-jik; splinter: 
 jik-sin. 
 
 *jfk T. gzig vb. to investigate, to con- 
 sider, to judge, to adjudicate. 
 
 *jik T. Ijid vb. to be heavy. 
 
 *jik T. gzis{_-kd) s. one's native land, 
 permanent dwelling-place, home; jih-ka 
 bam to remaine at one's own home; jik- 
 ka bam-bo s. an inhabitant, a permanent 
 resident of a place. — jik-ld settled, per- 
 manent, fixed, constant, standfast, un- 
 wavering, jik-ld nyim-bo a fixed per- 
 manent (thing); a steady, unwavering 
 (person); a person having a home, 
 prosperous, jik-ld md-nyin-rmm-bo un- 
 settled, homeless, vagrant, wandering, 
 wavering; nUm-vom jik-ld mat vb. to 
 marry and settle down. 
 
 *jfk-ten T. 'jig-rten i. L. the laity, in 
 opp. to co-bo: jik-ten mi n6k-bo the laity; 
 jik-ten-bo s. a layman; a secular. 
 
 jin, jin-nd jin-nd showing teeth, grin- 
 ning jifi-nd jin-nd li vb. to have inflamed 
 face from drink; jin-nd jin-nd mat vb. 
 to show teeth, to grin. 
 
 jin see yew; i.q. dyen. sd-jin-ld adv. con- 
 stantly said of crying as of child; sd-jin- 
 ld hrydp vb. to cry incessantly (as child). 
 
 *jft I. T. mjed-paf affixed to a-mik the 
 eye, implies "repugnance" mik jit to hate, 
 to detest, orig. to have a particle (irritat- 
 ing) in the eye. M. 
 
 jft II. vb. to be agreeable to the taste, 
 palatable, to agree with; neg.: a-z6m md- 
 jit-ne, ci md-jit-ne see also (at. 
 
 jft in. see under ji. 
 
 jit IV. s. (see ji, dyit, it) urine jitkdn 
 vb. to squirt out u.; jit cit vb. to make 
 water over or upon; jit-sd cit-lUn mi sdt 
 to put out fire by making water upon 
 it; jit cUp vb. to restrain w.; jit nam or 
 nom vb. to want to make w.; jit tsiip 
 vb. to have stoppage of u.; jit I6t vb. to 
 make w. — jit-sim piim s. the bladder. 
 
 *jit V. T. brjid s. lustre, splendour; 
 vb. to be spangled, to glitter, sd-hor 
 jit nan; Deriv. tUm-jit adj. speckled as 
 fowl, hik tUm-jit. 
 
jfn— jin 
 
 num-jit and nun-jit i. q. tum-jit speckled; 
 bright, sparkling; num-jit hik bom lit. "the 
 sparkling fowls nest" the Pleiades, dUm, 
 pd-fUn-sd niim-jit hik bom Arion's belt 
 and the Pleiades forming a fancied ap- 
 pearance of a bow and arrow aimed at 
 the fowls nest; — niim-jit nyom s. a spec, 
 of the grashopper-tribe, Gryllus, see tHk- 
 nyom; — niim-jit miin-fydn s. an ancient 
 bard M. niim-jit nyom id. ; niim-jit nydm 
 pd-son pd-li md-lyot-ne the n. priests will 
 be good and true to us. 
 
 pd-jit-ld, pHr-jit-ld, sd-jit-ld adj. spangled 
 as sky or starlight-night, brilliant. 
 
 jfn Tb. (probl. the same as jen but 
 generally used to emply a slighter de- 
 gree) to be mad, to be foolish; jin-bo s. 
 a mad man, a fool, an idiot; jin-ldt s. 
 foolishness, aberration of mind, idiotism. 
 
 a-jin adj. mad (as dogs etc.); kd-ju 
 a-jin a mad dog; md-ro a-jin a man 
 affected with hydrophobia. 
 
 (jfn) jin-ld or jin-ndjin-nd adv. twinkling 
 as light, vibrating, palpitating, trembling, 
 sd-hor jin-nd jin-nd si (rnat) the stars 
 twinkle; j.-nd j.-nd tyii vb. to tremble, 
 to palpitate, to vibrate, to twinkle. 
 
 *jin T. sbyin, jin-dok T. sbyin-bdag (a 
 benefactor) s. 1. a host, an entertainer 
 of guests; 2. the settled inhabitant of a 
 place, the master of a house. 
 
 *jim-bo and jUm-bo, jUm-po s. T. sbyin- 
 pa charity, gifts, blessings, favour, alms, 
 j.-bo ton T. sbyin gton to give charity, 
 gyiim-md 7nd-r6-mn kiir-v6n-ka hd-yu-niin 
 td-si-sd ydn a-yu jUm-bo md-ton-niin m,d- 
 ga-nd gdn a-yu td-lyan nan-bo a-bo lyan- 
 niin da kyem fop-sdn md-nyin-ne take 
 heed that ye do not your alms before 
 men to be seen of them, otherwise ye 
 have no reward of your father, which is 
 in heaven ; — to bestow blessings ; mak- 
 bo-sd jim-bo klon to give charity for the 
 sake of the soul of the dead; jim-bo 
 kldn-bo a charitable person, a beneficent 
 person. jOm-bo ul vb. to ask for alms; 
 ji/m,-bo ul-bo s. a beggar. 
 
 jin see pUn-jin. 
 
 jin-je bf— jfl 
 
 97 
 
 jin-je bf see Un-je hi. 
 
 jfp I. vb. to crush see jop. 
 
 *jip II. T. 'jibQ-pa) vb. to suck. 
 
 *jfp in., Sfp T. m s. powder; adj. fine, 
 accurate. 
 
 jfp IV. vb. t. to place in order, to 
 arrange, to adjust, to smooth; jip-ld.to 
 to place in order. 
 
 jfp V. s. a sort of basket for holding 
 meat or fish, no jip. 
 
 (jfm), a-jfm s. the rent of a house, wages 
 or the payment for doing work; a-jim 
 hi bo vb. to give rent or the payment 
 of labour; a-jim lyo vb. to take rent or 
 the payment of labour. 
 
 jfm, pHr-jim s. the thick part of arm. 
 
 jim- see jin. 
 
 jfm; jim-jim flapping, rising and falling 
 (from wind), sHii-mut-nun j.-j. mat to flap 
 from wind; to be raised up and down, 
 see kryom-ld. 
 
 jir (also jUr) see jin, jit; jir-rd jir-rd 
 or ji/r-rd jUr-rd adv. shining, glittering, 
 dazzling, sparkling, lo-mi jir-rd jir-rd 
 dyak nan the light shines; met. appear- 
 ing applied to crops, j.-rd j.-rd hr&h 
 (crops) to appear above ground; — jir-ra 
 rir-rd shining, glittering, dazzling, sparkl- 
 ing; jir-rd rir-rd mat nan to shine, to 
 glitter. 
 
 jfr i. q. ji, ji-v6r. 
 
 jfl 1. vb. to be dried up, to be wither- 
 ed ; so md-yii-nd-ha zo jil-non from want 
 of rain, the crops have become withered up. 
 
 jfl 2., a-jfl adj. fr. jil 1.? small, tender, 
 young, said of birds, chickens, small 
 grains or particles of rice hik-kUp a-jil; 
 zo a-jil; — niim-jil id. ; — jil-kun., niim- 
 jil-kun see under nd-jil-kun. 
 
 jfl 3. and Jul vb. 1. to be insane; to 
 be wild, rampant, 2. to cry incessantly, 
 as child dyeh-nd jil; 3. a-bon jil to laugh 
 at or to make a joke of a p. or animal 
 as cat, dog, goat, lizard, when in a state 
 of rabidness, in which case it is said the 
 p. so-doing will be struck by lightening: 
 a-bon jil gdn sd-dydr zdk-so. — jil jil vb. 
 to laugh a \ittle, to smile. 
 
 7 
 
jil-jiip 
 
 jum— jiim-bo 
 
 jil-ld jil-ld ady. wild, furious (ad 1). 
 
 a-jil, a-jul adj. insane, unsafe, wild, 
 unmanageable; s. delusion, witchcraft T. 
 yyo-fahs P. run-jil-mun n. pr. see s. t. P. 
 
 (jil) 4., jil-ld jil-ld adv. pure, clear (as 
 water, sky) jil-ld jil-ld fm. 
 
 ju 1. (obsolete) vb. to be mild, to be 
 gentle in spirit: a-lut-tun ju. 
 
 ju 2., fd-jv, see _/«, jd, jum. 
 
 *ju 3. T. 'ju{-ba), zu{-ba) vb. to melt, 
 to dissolve, to digest as food, to distil 
 ju fo vb. id.; jij, tom-bo melted, molten, 
 anything digested; — laon. pur ju to burn 
 a corpse, litly. to "dissipate" L. fan. 
 
 (ju) 4., a-ju adj. extensive (as a country); 
 many (as words). 
 
 ju 5., a-ju s. a thorn, a prickle, a prong, 
 any thorny plant; ju-p6k s. thorn-crown 
 Chr.; ju pd-Mn-ka tap fo vb. in a hole 
 fenced in with thorns P.; ju prdn pldfi- 
 ka bam-re zdn like being upon thorns; 
 ju tsu vb. to have thorn enter into; jii, 
 tsdt vb. to be pricked with th.; ju ?> vb. 
 to extract th. 
 
 ju 6. see hik ju, mun zuk-ba hik jii, kydn 
 ndk-so when propitiating evil spirit to 
 divine the fate of patient by inspecting 
 the state of a fowl. 
 
 juk vb. 1. to decrease, to decline, to 
 diminish, to degenerate, to deteriorate; 
 jUk-ld ndn degenerated. 2. to be poor, 
 without relations. 
 
 Deriv. juk, a-jiik s. 1. small shoots, 
 fresh leaves just come out, young shoots, 
 applied to vegetables and flowers when 
 small: buk a-jiik, bi a-jiik; rip juk young 
 plants, flowers; muk jiik weeds; kun juk 
 a bush, adjly. 2. being without relatives, 
 oti jUk a poor and friendless child. 
 
 Redupl. sUk-juk-ld also suk-jdk-ld adv. 
 1. decreasing, taperingly; 2. friendless, 
 without relatives. 
 
 *jun-tsa T. sun and tsa s. the offering 
 of melted butter, jUn-tu'd ton vb. to put 
 m. b. on pile when burning dead; jUn- 
 tsd ji ce ton vb. to bestow purification 
 on the deceased by the oflfering of m. b. 
 jup vb. to be close together, to be near 
 
 together; jup-ld fop vb. to put close to- 
 gether; jUp-ld nan vb. to be close together. 
 
 a-jHp adj. close; a-jHp pi vb. to write 
 closely. 
 
 jum 1. see jd, jd; pd-jiim jd or pd-jum 
 lyan nan vb. to sit on hams, crouched 
 up; jUm pd-jH-ka nan to sit on legs in 
 half kneeling position. 
 
 jum 2. vb. to shrink, to contract, to 
 become shrivelled up as hand or foot, 
 to become attenuated, a-kd jum ndn hand 
 to be shrivelled. 
 
 a-jiim adj. small, minute, s. particle, 
 !cu jUm crumbs; mi jiim sparks, small 
 pieces of live coal, min jiim a particle 
 (grammar). 
 
 jiim 3., a-jum 1. s. distress, affliction, 
 torment, a-jiim mat 1. vb. to be harrassed 
 2. advly. with difficulty; a-jum mat-luu 
 mak vb. to die a tedious death; a-jHm 
 mat-lUn sd vb. to recover with difficulty; 
 a-jUm-sd nan vb. to be in difficulty, to 
 sit in thorns, adj. harrassing; tedious, 
 difficult (as work), impassable, lyan jiim 
 an i. place; — perplexing, unattainable 
 fam jiim an unattainable object; sd-g6r 
 jiim an inaccessible precipice; dyok jiim 
 a difficult, an impossible work; tuk-fil 
 jam a noxious poisonous ant; 2. i. q. pun- 
 jiim an enemy, hostile, offensive, ob- 
 noxious, baneful, jiim zdn hostile, ene- 
 mied, inimical; — rivals, opponents; — 
 animosity, opposition, enmity, illwill, 
 malevolence, a-nyi jum zdn-d said when 
 two cannot agree. 
 
 jUm-fi mun see fi. 
 
 Deriv. nUm-jHm s. the spirit of the 
 dead; n.-j. niim-sar s. id.; n.-j. nUm-sar 
 tyUp (the soul) to perish; num-jUm dyul 
 vb. to examine the s. after death by 
 miin. — pUn-jiim and p.-j. pUn-zom s. an 
 enemy, foe, adversary P. — miin-jiim s. a 
 malignant Miin, a wizard, a sorcerer, an 
 enchanter, one who affects others with 
 evil spirits. 
 
 jum fyet or jam zdn fyet or jam tyot s. 
 a spec. rice. 
 
 jiim-bo see jim-bo. 
 
jur-ra— *juk 
 
 (jun) a-jun — *je 
 
 99 
 
 jur-ra jur-rd see jir-rd. 
 
 Jul see jil 3. 
 
 ju 1. Yb. t. to bring up, to maintain, 
 to domesticate, to foster, to patronize; 
 ju to vb. to cherish, a-li ju to to keep 
 up race; a-kup fo tam-cdn-sdn ju to to 
 cherish children, birds and beasts. 
 
 jut I. <vb. t. to restore to life: I6t jut, 
 as fire mi jut; person, to bring up, to 
 foster as animals, to cherish as children, 
 to support; — yb. n. to sustain life, to 
 exist, to live not to die as wounded man 
 as animal in confinement, to survive 
 dak go -run M jut- so tho' he is ill, he 
 will live; — jut-bo adj. i.q. a-jut 2. q. cfr. 
 tam-cdn. jut-bo a tame confined animal. 
 
 n. s. 1. large breasts or udder giving 
 large quantities of milk, bik jut bun-bo 
 a good milker. 2. the organs of generation, 
 chiefly of beasts Tbr.: bik-sd jut; md-rd- 
 sd jut pudendum viri aut mulieris Tbr. 
 
 a-jut s. 1. support, nourishment, o-re-sd 
 a-jut-ka for the s. of; 2. adj. fed, fostered, 
 tame, kd-su-sd a-jut fostered by me ; tam- 
 cdn a-jut domestic animals. 
 
 fd-jut-ld, fur-jut-ld adv. : mik-gruh pd- 
 jut-ld pld to shed tears. 
 
 (ju) 2. a-ju adj. green, unripe, raw, 
 unfinished. 
 
 ju see zu. 
 
 *ju T. 'jug {-pa) vb.t. to put into, to fix, 
 to establish, tam-ju s. contrivance, ex- 
 pedience; tam-ju mat vb. to contrive, to 
 find an expedient, to improvise; t.-ju 
 a-gydn a miraculous contrivance, a wonder, 
 a miracle. 
 
 *ju T. bzugsQ-pd) hou. 1. to sit; ju-le 
 please sit down, ju-bo s. a sitter. 2. to 
 remain, to exist, to live; ku-zu zon ju- 
 pu ydn m hon. (I write) praying, that 
 your health is good, ju-den T. bz.-gdan, 
 ju-hri T. bs.-Kri s. a kings cushion, a 
 throne or couch. 
 
 juk see j6k 2. 
 
 *juk T. mju^ s. the end, the base, the 
 fundament, the tail, the posteriors, Ice 
 juk s. the end, the lowest or back seat 
 for inferiors, juk-ka L.: in the end, at 
 
 length, at last. — juk-do T. mjug-dogs s. 
 the lumbar vertebra. 
 
 (jun) a-juii s. a stalk of straw. 
 
 *jun T. gzun s. (the middle, the best 
 part), used by L.'s in s. of: government, 
 national: jun-je lit. kings food: revenue, 
 confiscation, jun-je non (was) confiscated 
 by government M. 145. jun-sd ayok s. 
 a public or national work. 
 
 jut see ju. 
 
 jun, a-jun adj. middling seized (man 
 or animal). 
 
 *jum T. 'dsumQ-pa') s. a smile; jum-ld 
 or jum-md juni-md tydn vb. to smile; jum 
 tet tydn id.; — fr. T.'dsum to wink? j.-ld 
 or j.-md j.-md tyo vb. to hear a sound. M. 
 
 jum-run or jum-ruii pyak-run ace. M. cor- 
 ruption of cu ce s. Amrita, drink of the 
 gods, nectar, the water of life. 
 
 jur vb. to be split at end or mouth, 
 to be broken at the end as eye of 
 needle; to be split or to come loose at 
 end; kun klo-wiin-sd jur-non the tree 
 when felled split at the end; ryum ban 
 jur-non the eye of the needle is broken; 
 a-mik jur means to appear in a con- 
 temptuous or ridiculous light as when 
 a poor man would affect the ways and 
 actions of great men. a-mik jur vb. to 
 regard with disgust, disdain, contempt, 
 antipathy; go-niin hum mik jur-bam I 
 cannot bear the sight of him; mik jur 
 mii-ld uyok md-viat-tun do not do that 
 which will render you contemptuous, do 
 not make a fool of yourself. 
 
 Jul vb. to sprout (flesh, young, branch) 
 to shoot out, Jul pld vb. to shoot out, 
 Jul di vb. to sprout, to germinate; jul- 
 lUn lin vb. to shoot out; man Jul proud 
 flesh to rise (over sore). 
 
 a-jul s. sprouts from wood or sticks 
 after they have been cut; fresh sprouts 
 of grass etc. rip a-jul hron det. 
 
 ■ *je 1. T. rje (cfr. tu-je) s. lord, master; 
 noble, je non vb. to go into the presence 
 of a great man; *je-tsun T. rje-btsun adj. 
 honourable, reverend, a title of honour, 
 je-tsHn-bo s. a high-priest, an abbot; je- 
 
100 
 
 "je — jen 
 
 jen— jem 
 
 tsun-mo s. an abtess; je-tmn da-wa T. 
 rje-btsun zla-ba the honourable, the lady- 
 moon; je-tsun kar-ma T. rje-btsun shar- 
 ma 8. the holy stars. 
 
 *je 2. T. rjes adv. after, afterwards, 
 more; i. q. za ik-je again yet, afterwards, 
 yet more; je-ba i. q. zd-ba; je luk to- 
 morrow; je luk kat-ka in a day or two. 
 *je 3. T. rjes s. mark, track, cak-^je 
 T. pyag-rjes hon. the mark of hand, 
 signature; sap-je T. zabs-rjes hon. foot- 
 mark. 
 
 *je 4. T. bzes{-pa) hon. vb. to eat or 
 drink sd je, ci je; to receive, to accept; 
 to accept offerings, said of rum: rum-nun 
 ce-bo je; je-le pray take. 
 
 je 5. vb. to twist (as cotton for thread) 
 bv a rapid friction of the hands; ki je 
 to twist cotton by passing it thro' hands; 
 ki la-ju-nunje to twist cotton with spindle 
 (and thro' hands). 
 
 a-je a. the twisting raw cotton-thread 
 into thread. 
 
 *je mfn T. zes min "it is not thus" i. q. 
 rdn-so another, other; else, different, je- 
 min md-si-nd I saw nothing else. 
 
 *je-dak T. mje-ldag obsc.aword of abuse. 
 
 jek 1.: Idn-jek s. a whetstone. 
 
 jek 2. vb. n. to open out (as leaves), 
 
 jek hron vb. to shoot up as plant. — 
 
 a-jek affixed to a-jok q. v. a young tree 
 
 or plant-sprout. 
 
 (jek) 3., tiin-jek and tuk-jek s. streams 
 of water, dropping from eaves; heavy 
 droppings in opp. to tdk; li dap-nun so 
 tuk-jek z6k rain to flow from house-top. 
 jen 1. adj. bad and small so as to 
 leave exposed as plants the earth; being 
 without its adjunct as bow without its 
 string, small so as not to reach its proper 
 height as person. 
 
 Orrjen a. the bow without the string. 
 mn-jen-ld 1. bare as teeth or exposed, 
 without its adjunct; s.-j.-ld tydn to grin. 
 2. hard, bad as earth; 3. dwarfish as 
 person. Ad m mat sun-jen-la bam-mun 
 ti md-yd-ne why do you always remain 
 small never growing large, sdrjen-ld and 
 
 sd-jin-ld small or numerous pieces as $d- 
 jin-ld tup or tdt vb. to cut or mince into 
 very small pieces. 
 
 jen 2. vb. 1. to found, 2. to commence, 
 cfr. M. Gr. 94. Ayok jen vb. to commence 
 a work; jen to vb. to begin, to commence, 
 to found, to establish; jen fyd s. the com- 
 mencement; dum jen fyd the c. of the 
 warp of cloth. 
 
 a-jen s. commencement. 
 (jen) 3. jen-nun da Id-vo mit s. the 
 goddess of all seasons, the everlasting M. 
 — siin-jen-ld 1. continually, 2. tightly, 
 s.-j.-ld dam; jen-nd jen: so jen-nd jen lat 
 (rain) to leak much, see riin-jen, ran-jen. 
 (jen) 4. jen kd-ldk: tun-jen s. a musk-rat. 
 jet 1. also jdt vb. to be harrassed, 
 haunted, muk-nyam-nun jet to be harrass- 
 ed by ghost; repeated implies restless- 
 ness as non jet lot jet going and return- 
 ing; nan jet luk jet keep sitting down 
 and getting up; bu jet fo jet mat to carry 
 and place down again. See also jen. 
 
 jet 2. : jet-td jet-td adv. grating (sound) 
 jet-td jet-td U vb. to feel grating in mouth 
 as when sand get into mouth. 
 
 jen 1. see jen and nim-da Id-vo mit. 
 *jen 2. T. gzan pron. adj. other, an- 
 other; jen-sd md-dok-ne unequalled, un- 
 precedented, incomparable; jen md-nyin- 
 ne there is no other. 
 
 jen 3. vb. to be troubled with evil 
 spirit, to be deranged, to be mad, to be 
 demented; jen-bo s. a mad man; mun 
 suk-lun jen-bo nun -non an evil spirit 
 having entered him he has become 
 raving and mad. See also jet. 
 jen 4. see jdn. 
 
 jep i. q. cep vb. n. to be parched up; 
 see also hp. — a-jep adj. withering as corn. 
 jem vb. T. 'jem{-pa) s. (skill, dexterity) 
 to be well or neatly done, to be fine, 
 to be elegant, to be tidy; — jem-ld advly. 
 tidily, neatly, finely, well etc. dyok j.-M 
 mat vb. to do work neatly; jem-ld pi vb. 
 to write neatly, finely; dum jem-ld hrap 
 vb. to sew clothes neatly. — c. sak: sak 
 jem vb. to be relieved in mind. 
 
jer— *jer 
 
 jei — *jon 
 
 101 
 
 a-jem s. neatness in work or anything. 
 
 jer 1.: tuk-jer s. side of a thing; bik 
 ryum-ho-sdn-sd tuk-jer-ka din (they) stood 
 by the wellfavoured kine Ex. 
 
 jer 2.: tuk-jer Idn s. talc, mica, from 
 ser glass? 
 
 jer 3.: tun-jer s. overclouded weather; 
 see dyiir, td-dyur. 
 
 *jer 4. P. zar or T. gser s. 1. gold, 
 Thv.wdt-nyim-bo or mun-ga lep. — )'er tok- 
 tom-bo wrought gold; jer por kyop or jer 
 por Idk vb. to cast gold; jer por kydp 
 (or IdK) fom-bo cast gold; jer {A vb. to 
 refine gold; jer a-bon bad gold; jer a-yan 
 fine gold; jer-sd golden: jer-sd td-dyu kup 
 i. q. jer-mit an angel, a goddess; jer zdn 
 like gold, very precious; — 2. golden 
 i. e. yellow, jer vik applied to ivory 
 which has turned yellow, see kdm vik. — 
 3. a piece or coin of gold (money), 
 jer k&m silver and gold, money P.; jer 
 kat a piece of gold about 5 rupees; jer 
 a-bu 1. fine gold, 2. a gold coin value 
 21 rupees; jer a-mot 1. inferior gold, 
 2. a gold coin of lower value. 
 
 Comp. jer kar-vo s. a goldsmith; — 
 
 jer kar-yo s. gilding; — jer ki s. gold 
 
 thread; — jer ku s. an image of g., jer 
 
 ku-sd por s. a mould for do.; — jer fun 
 
 s. the eminent deceased; j. f. lyo-wun-sd 
 
 sun ju-bam I am commemorating the 
 
 history and experiences of the noble 
 
 deceased. — jer t'am-blydk s. a spec, of 
 
 butterfly; — jer td-i s. gold dust; — jer 
 
 tun-kut 8. gold wire and thread, gold 
 
 fringe; — jer tun-kr6k s. a spec, of fern, 
 
 any of the spec. Filices, whose sore and 
 
 sporns have a red or golden hue; — jer 
 
 fam-bik s. applied to the Cascidae spec. 
 
 of coleopterous insects; — jer dan s. a 
 
 sort of vest embroidered with gold; — 
 
 jer pun-jin s. gold-wire ; — jer piin-lyop 
 
 s. gold sheet, leaf-gold; — jer pot lya s. 
 
 a piece of gold set in coral; — jer bir- 
 
 bo-li s. a b. earring set in gold; — jer 
 
 fram s. a gold necklace; — jei' ts'dn s. 
 
 golden colour; — jer rik s. spec.of creeper; 
 
 — jer rip s. spec, of flower: jer rip pun-di. 
 
 jel 1. see jdl. 
 
 *jel 2. T. mdser(-pa) s. a wart, verruca; 
 jel pld hron (w.) to grow. 
 
 jo 1. vb. to be convenient, to accord 
 with one's will, to be agreeable to, to be 
 suitable, to be in accordance with; a-yu 
 rin-ka lin md-jo-ne I can not express it 
 well in your language. 
 
 jo or jo di vb. to be convenient for, 
 to be suitable, to come easy to, to be 
 applicable; kun a-kon nyim-bo-ka hron jo 
 di it is easy to climb a tree with branches ; 
 ind-ro nydn-ydm-bo-ka lin jo di it is 
 pleasant to speak to one who listens; 
 a-do ii-mun-ren jo di fa your arrival has 
 brought pleasure. — jo-di-ld adv. con- 
 veniently, opportunely. 
 
 jo jo adv. unanimously, in unison, with 
 one accord, jo jo li vb. to speak all at 
 once, as many people; ayok jo jo mat vb. 
 to do all at once. — jo ts'dn s. a convenient 
 day or time, an auspicious moment. — 
 jo I6m s. convenience, accordance with 
 will, pleasing, facility, suitability. 
 
 *jo 2. T. jo s. a master, lord, jo-wa 
 lord, master; jo-wo T. jo-wo s. lord; 
 jo-mo T. id. lady. 
 
 *jo 3. T. 'jo{^-bd) s. milking; jo-don 
 T. bzo-don s,. a milk-pail. 
 jok 1. see jdk. 
 
 jok 2., a-jok s. 1. young feathers before 
 they are well barbed; 2. a sprout fr. 
 cut-down tree. 
 
 jon 1. see jdn. adv. jon-nd jon-nd in 
 a heap, a pile, tur-jon s. clouds of smoke 
 flights of clouds, t.-j. klon vb. to send up 
 clouds of smoke, pur-byon t.-j. din vb. 
 clouds to stand in masses as on hill. 
 See also byon. 
 
 *jon 2. s. T. rdsons fortress, joh-pdn s. 
 the commander of a fortress. 
 
 (jon) 3. jon-ms s. a bucket, a large 
 bowl; a bason, a pail, see nyen kyok jon 
 see also don. 
 
 *jon 1. T. gzon{-bd) to be young, jon 
 ba, jon-sd fok the time of youth; jon-bo 
 a. youth, a young man; jon-sdn fd-lyen 
 num-lyen youths male and female. 
 
102 
 
 jon— j6k 
 
 jdk-tydl-jdt 
 
 a-jon adj. young (animals or man). 
 
 jon 2.:jon-ld adv. T. i'on(-pa to ascend); 
 rising, pd-nol jon-ld nan vb. to kneel 
 and rise as in salutation. 
 
 jop 1., a-jop s. a marsh, a morass, a 
 fen, a swamp: un jop; jop fat nok id.; 
 jop fat nok da a boggy marsh; un da 
 jop-ka tyan-lun mak vb. to die from 
 sticking in a marsh.. 
 
 jop 2., a-jop s. the smell of burnt 
 leather or feathers a-jop ri-ndm. 
 
 jop 3. Tb. t. 1. to depress, to indent, 
 pun-jen fyii jop-tom-bo an indented iron 
 pot; 2. to crush, to extort, to oppress, 
 to be rapacious, a-zom jop-lun zo vb. to 
 eat the bread of extortion; a-zom li-ka 
 nyi tet hu jop-liin non as long as there 
 was food in the house he remained and 
 then departed; td-dyu-mot-kup luk-myen 
 jop-lun zo vb. to take an exorbitant price 
 for daughter; bik nyen jop-lun zo Tb. to 
 take all the milk and leave none for 
 calf; mi-sd jop-lun zo vb. to oppress sub- 
 jects; jop-ld ddk vb. to have rheumatic 
 pains; s. rheumatism. 
 
 jop nanr-bo s. 1. an oppressor, a tyrant, 
 2. a parasite a-zom jop-bo. jop-ldt s. 
 rapacity, vampirism, oppression, tyranny, 
 extortion. 
 
 *jom T. 'joms {-pa to conquer, etc.) 
 vb. t. to overcome a disease, n. to be well, 
 to be cured, a-do dii ddk jom-non-d are 
 you well of y. fever? cfr. T. nad 'joms-pa. 
 
 jor, a-jor s. leisure, convenience. 
 
 *]6 1. fr. T. 'jog{-pa), (pd-no') ju-den jo 
 (king) to sit on throne. 
 
 *jd 2. T. Ijags s. mode of speach, style 
 of language, dialect, idiom, phraseology, 
 diction, pronunciation, rin-sd jo the style 
 of a language; a-rat jo Bhutiya-dialect; 
 rdn j6 Lepcha-dialect. 
 
 j6k 1. s. the remains, the last, also jdk 
 vb. to pour away as remains; ci j6k vb. 
 to pour away remains of ci: ci un jdk. 
 
 jdk 2. vb. to wrangle, to dispute, to 
 make altercation, disturbance, to quarrel, 
 to make a noise; — jok dyu vb. to con- 
 tend, to dispute, to squabble md-rd-sd 
 
 md-dyil md-j6k-ne not to strive or contend 
 with others. j6k-ydm-ho adj. disputatious 
 contentious, quarrelsome, s. a noisy, 
 brawling person. — j6k-kd jdk-kd advly. 
 simultaneous (noise) j.-kd j.-kd hryop vb. 
 many weeping together (as children); 
 j.-kd j.-kd lik vb. to chirp together (as 
 young birds). — reduplic. juk-kd j6k-kd 
 indistinct, faint (sound) juk-kd jdk-kd tyo 
 vb. to hear indistinctly. — a-j6k s. loud, 
 noisy talk, disturbance, a-j6k re md-gat-ne 
 I do not wish such noisy talk; a-j6k dyok 
 mat vb. to promote discord. — jdk pro s. 
 noise, wrangling, dispute, squabble; jdk 
 pro mat vb. to dispute with noise. 
 
 jdk-tydl s. a companion, a friend. 
 
 jdn 1., a-jdn s. a maternal uncle, jdn 
 klip maternal cousin. 
 
 *jdn 2. T. bzens(-pd) hon. vb. to rise, to 
 get up, applied to king or great man; 
 pd-no ju sd jdn -bam the king sits and 
 gets up. 
 
 *jdn T. sbyon(-ba) vb. to be accustom- 
 ed to, to be practised, trained, disciplined, 
 to exercise (body or mind), to perform, 
 to practise, jdn-{l)am)-bo adj. exercised, 
 practised; vik-ldk-ka j.-b.-bo practised in 
 military exercises, md jdn-num-bo in- 
 experienced; jdn-la adv. by practice; — 
 mak jdn s. military exercises. — jdii Idn 
 or jdn do s. a slate, a stone for practising 
 on, jdn Idn (or do) pi-set (or nyo-gu) a. a 
 slate-pencil, jd^i sin s. a board for writ- 
 ing on (lit. for exercising on). 
 
 jdn kun s. n. of tree from the leaves of 
 which a yellow dye is extracted. 
 
 jdn gd s. Curcubita pepo. 
 
 jdt 1. vb. to increase so as to become 
 plentiful, niim-sim-nyo dyok mat gdn rum- 
 niin jdt bo -so if man works God will 
 give the increase. 
 
 jdt 2. vb. to have sufficient, to last, to 
 satisfy, supply, sd-dyak kat-sd zo jdt-pa 
 to have sufficient food for one day; md- 
 jdt-n^ not to have s. — jdt-ld adv. suf- 
 ficiently, satisfyingly. 
 
 a-jdt s. sufficiency, abundance (as of 
 provisions). 
 
j6n— jdl 
 
 nya — nya nya 
 
 103 
 
 jdn, tun-jon; M-j6n i. q. M tun-jon s. 
 the fringe of cloth, the ends of the warp 
 after it is cut (forming a fringe). 
 
 jdp 1. vb. n. to be flat, to be flattened, 
 2. t. to squeeze flat, to crush, ho-nun 
 kd-su tuk tuk jop you have crushed my 
 hat, nan-liin jdp vb. to flatten by pressure. 
 — suk-j6p-ld flattened, crushed, squeezed 
 flat. — a-jop s. flatness, a-tyak a-j&p a 
 flat head. 
 
 *j(ip s. T. zab& (foot) means, substance, 
 property, jd-p md-nyin-ne to be without 
 means, to be indigent. 
 
 jdm 1. adj. wet, rainy, said of season, 
 earth etc., nam j6m s. a rainy year. 
 fat jdm, un jdm a march, a swamp. 
 See jop. 
 
 *j(5m 2. also jam, jdm see under B, C 
 T. 'jam(^-pa) 1. to be soft, to be fine, 
 to be thin dum jdm a fine cloth, ki jdm 
 fine, soft cotton; to be easy, to be yield- 
 ing; 2. to be tender, gentle, sak-jdm "to 
 have the mind softened"; 3. to be wearied, 
 to be disgusted with. 
 
 jom-ld adv. easily, softly. 
 
 II. s. 1. softness, smoothness, 2. repair, 
 excellence, adornment, decoration, 3. ease, 
 facility, 4. ease, rest. 
 
 III. as an affix denotes: easy fom jdm 
 easily masticated. 
 
 a-jom adj. fine (as cloth), easy (as 
 work etc., a wound, sickness etc.), fine 
 (as sand or a needle). 
 
 jom-ldt s. easiness, softness. 
 
 jom kyop vb. t. to repair, to adorn, to 
 embellish, to decorate, to ornament, to 
 beautify. 
 
 B. jam peacefully, calmly, tranquilly, 
 applied chiefly to animals, opp. gydm^ 
 
 j. mat or j.-ld ham to live peacefully, to 
 be well; adv. well, good, excellent. 
 
 C. jdm: tiin-jdm s. gentleness, quiet- 
 ness, tiin-jdm-ld mat vb. to do quietly, 
 gently (without noise or roughness); tun- 
 jdm-ld 16m vb. to tread gently, lightly, 
 t.-j.-ld tsun vb. to pick up anything 
 cautiously. 
 
 jdm 3.: kd-jom fingers, fan-jom toes. 
 
 jdm 4., a-jdm s. consequence, effect, 
 fruit, dyok-sd jdm the fruits of work, it 
 is used also in a bad s. for effect as Id- 
 yo-sd jdm the effects of sin, punishment. 
 
 jdm 5. vb. to be overclouded as mind, 
 face, kin jdm mm. 
 
 *jdr 1. T. sbyor^-ba) vb. to join, to 
 connect, to adjoin, adhere; to mix to- 
 gether, to mingle, jdr din to stand close 
 to or behind anything; (?■?>;) jdr vb. to 
 agree together as syntax; — jdr fo vb. to 
 put on, to add, pi-lat-niin cd yfik ka Id 
 pi-lun a-fydk kun-ka jdr fo P. wrote a 
 title and put it on the cross. J. hd-yu- 
 nun . . . mdn-pdn jdr fo-liln dum-sd prdk 
 they . . . wound (it) in linen clothes with 
 the spices J. — jdr fdm-bo joined together; 
 — jdr-mo double as cloth. 
 
 *jdr 2. T. gcar{-ba) vb. to smooth with 
 knife, to plane, jdr din id. — jdr-mo s. 
 a carpenters plane. 
 
 *jdi' 3. T. 'jor s. a hoe, a mattock, a 
 pickaxe. 
 
 jdr 4. a-jdr adj. wanting a limb, a-mik 
 a-jdr one-eyed, a-(an a-jdr one-legged, 
 a-kd a-jdr having but one hand. 
 
 jdl, jdl-ld or jdl jdl adv. wide, fully, 
 to its full extent; jdl-ld fdt vb. to open 
 wide; a-bon j.-ld fdt to o. the mouth w. 
 "to jabber, to brawl" Tbr. 
 
 Ny 
 
 nya the eigth letter of the L. alphabet 
 = T. ^ ace. M. 7. a palatal ny and sound- 
 ed as nea in near. 
 
 nya nya advly. to and fro; staggering 
 (as drunken man), ci nyd nyd bup-ndn 
 he has got reeling drunk. 
 
104 
 
 nyak— nyan 
 
 nyak I., nyak vb. t. n. see nyan, to shake, 
 to cause to shake, to vibrate, to oscillate, 
 U nyak ham the house is shaking; hin 
 nydk to shake tree; kri-bo nyak to ring 
 bell; a-1yak nydk to shake head (as in 
 dissent); to shake forcibly (as post etc. 
 when fixed in ground to loosen it); kun 
 pyil cil nydk to sh. tree forcibly fr. side 
 to side in order to loosen it. — kyun 
 nydk vb. to rock cradle. 
 
 nyak n. see wyek. 
 
 nydn vb. n. see nydk I. to move, to 
 shake, to vibrate, to be loose; sun-mut- 
 nun kun nydn bam the tree is shaking 
 by the wind, nydn nydn advly., see also 
 nyd nyd, staggering, as drunken man, 
 rickety, unsteady (as thing), nydn nydn 
 mat vb. to stagger, to be unsteady. 
 
 nyin, a-nydn s. a whole head of plantains. 
 
 nyat 1. num. cfr. T. gnyis two, nydt-bo 
 the second; iiydt kon-ka, nydt-bo-ka, nydt- 
 lyan-ka, nydt lom-ka secondly M. 88; nydt 
 fyin twice, nydt cd two parts, double; 
 nydt cd md-byi-nd so I will not give you 
 double share, nydt cd-nun a-re um this 
 is twice as good. 
 
 *nyat 2. T. snyad(-pa) (to show), l.vb.n. 
 to be evident, manifest; yan-ld israel-ka 
 hum nydt-sdn-ka tdn a-re-nun go un-ka 
 bap-tisma byi-ld lat but that he should 
 be made manifest to I., therefore am I 
 come baptizing with water J. — 2. vb. t. 
 to show, to point out, to exhibit, to 
 exemplify, to instruct, to inform, a-re 
 kd-sum. nydtrtd show me this, gun-nd-sd 
 tet-mo-ka nydt to be exhibited as a 
 spectacle to all or warning to all; md- 
 nydt-ne not to show, not to inform, nydt 
 to i. q. nydt 2., nydt-f6m-bo shown ; nydt 
 byi to show, a-bo-nun . . . hu-do-niin tarn 
 sd-re zuk-kun-pdn gim-nd nydt byi the 
 father . . . sheweth him all things that 
 himself doeth J. — nydt-aim-bo s. a sight, 
 a show, a spectacle, an example, an in- 
 dication, information, exhibition. 
 
 nyat see nyet, Id-vo nyet. 
 
 nyan 1. vb. t. cans, of nan q. v. to fix, 
 to institute, to establish, to place, to set 
 
 nyan— *nya 
 
 on, to place on (on thing or on mind), 
 to devote to, to dedicate to,, to put apart 
 for, nydn to vb. t. to fix, to institute, to 
 appoint to, to establish, to devote to, 
 hlan-kd-ka nydn fo to place it on the 
 shelf; rum-ka nydn fo to dedicate to God, 
 to consecrate; iin un-pun-sd luk-min vdn- 
 ka nydn t'o and she laid it in the flags 
 by the river's brink. Ex. 
 
 nyan 2. vb. 1. to be doubtful of, to be 
 uncertain of, to be dubious of, 2. advly. 
 whether, perhaps, zdk-pu go nydn-bam 
 I am doubtful whether it is correct; 
 nydn lat md-nydn-nd lat go md-yd-ne 
 whether he has come or not I don't know. 
 
 *nyan 3. 1. s. T. snyan hon. i. q. L. 
 a-nyor ear. 2. vb. T. nyanQ-pa) to hear, 
 to listen, to attend, to pray attention, 
 to mind, to regard; to permit, to endure, 
 to suffer, md-nydn-ne not to listen to, 
 to be unobservant of, to disregard, nydn- 
 bo one who hears, obedient, regardful of, 
 attentive; md-nydn-num-bo one who does 
 not bestow, to be inattentive; md-rd a-dom 
 on-ci mat-lun ho nydn-bam people tyran- 
 nize over you and you suffer it; nydn^bu 
 vb. to pray attention to, nydn biin-bo 
 i. q. nydn-bo, nydn fup vb. to attend, 
 hu-nun kd-su rin nydn m,d-tup-ne he 
 gives no head into my words. 
 
 nydn-ldt and a-nydn s. attention, obe- 
 dience, observance. 
 
 kd-nydn-bo a good-tempered dog. 
 
 *nyan 4. T. snyan{-pa) adj. agreeable, 
 pleasant. 
 
 nydm, a-nydm see nyikn. 
 
 nyar vb. to settle or allow to settle as 
 sediment in water; zo nydr(^-lun c6n) vb. 
 wash the rice allowing the dirt to settle; 
 to be loose, soft as earth when the season 
 (rain) has rendered it fit for cultivation; 
 fdt nydr pld or hron the earth has swollen; 
 to dry up a bed of river by turning off 
 the water into another bed. 
 
 nyar reduplic. of nyw q. v. 
 
 nyal see nyel. 
 
 *nya T. nya s. a fish, see no; nya-ji 
 T. nya-pyi s. mother-of-pearl; nya-ji Idn 
 
*nya— *nyam 
 
 s. a pearl; nya-ji no s. an oyster; nya 
 ra-bo s. a fisherman. 
 
 *nya T. gnya s. the neck, hinder-part 
 of neck, *nya-Un T. gnya-Uh s. a yoke 
 for oxen. 
 
 (nya), a-nya (JSTepalese) : a-nya mat vb. 
 to oppress. M. 
 
 *nya-nen T. my a- nan s. grief, as for 
 the death of any one, mourning, sorrow, 
 lamentation, nya-nen mat yb. to grieve, 
 to sorrow; to be miserable, to be afflicted. 
 nya-rd s. ceremony, rite, the perform- 
 ance of duty or attendance upon sick, 
 care, attention nya-ro mat vb. to perform 
 ceremony, to attend on sick or helpless, 
 nya-ro nyi-ro i. q. nya-ro. 
 
 nyak vb. to be close, to be close to- 
 gether; nyak-liin nan vb. to sit close to- 
 gether; nyak-luri cap vb. to thatch closely; 
 nyak-lun da vb. to lie close together; 
 nyak-lun fyer vb. to plait close together 
 as matting etc. 
 nyak cans. fr. nah q. v. 
 nyak (see nydn), nyak-ka nyak-kd adv. 
 shaking, waving, wagging as tail etc., — 
 nyuk-kd nyak-kd tossing (head) as in 
 scorn, defiance, wading, winding, con- 
 torting, a-fyak nyuk-kd nyak-kd mat vb. 
 to toss head (as in defiance). 
 
 nyak, a-nyak s. point, edge; adj. point- 
 ed as knife ban nyak point of knife; 
 a shoot, a young branch kun nyak; a head 
 of vegetable bi nyak. 
 
 nyak-ka adv. much, many, very, ex- 
 ceedingly, highly P., nyak-kd ryu-pa it 
 is exceeding good; nyak-kd dyok mat vb. 
 to work excessively. 
 
 nyan adj. full, filled with, as vessel, 
 brimful, nyan fo-o fill to brim, nyan-ld 
 blydn-nd-o id.; adv. fully, thoroughly, 
 severely, (appl. to a beating), nyan-ld 
 tyok vb. to beat brown and blue or 
 thoroughly. 
 
 nyan vb. to move, to cause to move, 
 to set in motion. 
 
 nyap, nyap-ld biik vb. to knock down 
 insensible. 
 
 *nyam T. bnyam(^-pa) vb. to smooth. 
 
 nyam— nyi 
 
 105 
 
 to level, to make straight, nyam-fo vb. 
 to equalize, to level, as trees with the 
 ground, nyam-ld hrap vb. to hew, to sew 
 regularly, nyam met adj. matchless, in- 
 comparable, see nyom. 
 
 (nyam), fd-nyam applied to tobacco, 
 when made up into a mass for smoking. 
 
 *nyam and nydm T. nyayns and snyam- 
 (jpa) s. mind, disposition, feeling, temper, 
 nyam-go vb. to be pleased, to be glad; 
 s. pleasure, joy; nyam-go mat vb. to re- 
 joice; nyam-no s. delay, procrastination, 
 tardiness, nyam-no mat vb. to delays to 
 procrastinate, to be tardy, to be slow. 
 nyom-cun s. self-deprecation, humility; 
 nyom-cun nyat vb. to depreciate one'self 
 to be humble, nyam ddk vb. to be 
 sorrowful, to be grieved, to be unhappy. 
 nyam-tidt s. state of mind, temperament, 
 nyam tsat lyo vb. to adopt anothers habits. 
 
 '■'nyam-ryek T. ska-rags s. girdle, to-ro 
 lyo-liin Mi-do nyam-ryek ryek he took a 
 towel, and girded himself J.; ho a-jon-ka 
 td-do bot-tun nyam-ryek ryek-lun when 
 thou wast young thou girdedst thyself J. 
 
 '■'nyal T. nyal(^-ba) vb. to lie down, to 
 repose; nyal-hri T. nyal-Uri s. a couch, 
 a bed. 
 
 nyf 1., nyi-m to be T. yin, neg. md- 
 nyin-ne; see go, gum, kd, dyum-ba 1. to 
 be a-ayit-ka sun ydn-re nyi J. 1. 1. nyi- 
 md-o it is so, be it so M. 77. ho mak- 
 sdn-ka nyi-md you shall die, you are a 
 dead man; moriturus es. nyi-nun-d are 
 there really; zd nyi what is afterwards; 
 nyi-ld (see 3) or nyim-ld existing; nyim- 
 Id md-nyin-ne not existing, never; nyim 
 mat adv. existing, being; dya nyiyn, mat 
 yan-ld a-ldn nyim md-mat-ne it was so 
 before, but is not so now. — 2. to be in 
 a certain place, bam nyit (he) is at house, 
 for barn nyi dydt; 3. to exist: to be 
 sure, to be certain, nyi-kun i. q. nyi-ld; 
 nyi-ld (1.) being, existing, nyi-ld mat vb. - 
 to cause to exist, to create, rum-nUn 
 niim-sim-nyo nyi-ld mat God created 
 mankind; (2.) surely, certainly nyi-ld 
 byi-o be sure to give it to me; go nyi-ld 
 
106 
 
 nyf 
 
 nyf— *nyi 
 
 fo-so I shall certainly get it, ho nyi-ld 
 lot hi-sdn a will you assuredly return 
 it?; a-lut-ha a-hrdt-ka nyi-ld mat-td-o 
 obtain or make perseverance, endeavour 
 with all your heart. 4. to support: nyi 
 bam; a-dyan-re md-zii nyi-bam the legs 
 support the body; 5. to be possible, 
 duk-sd sun-re mat-Id md-nyin-ne it is not 
 possible by any manner of means. 6. neg. 
 to be of no account: md-nyin-ne it is 
 nothing, it is of no account; without, 
 fam-cdn-ka kyon-dydk md-yd-nd gdn co 
 mat-md-mat md-nyin-ne he who knows 
 not compassion for his beast, be he 
 otherwise holy or not, it is of no account; 
 m,d-nyin-nun-sa, lyan-nun pun-jum pld to 
 be accounted an enemy without a cause; 
 ho go li-sd md-nyin-ne not to speak of 
 you or me i. e. every one else; 6. to 
 exist, to be on hand, m md-nyin-ne there 
 is nothing nyi md nyi 1. is or is not, 
 2. every, all; et cetera nyi md nyi-pdn 
 all, every one; nyi tet as much as one 
 possesses; all, every, nyi tet a-lom ind- 
 pld-ne all do not turn out so; nyi tet 
 bo-so I will give you whatever I have; 
 nyi md nyi tet till all, every; 7. to have, 
 to possess, Lat. est mihi T. yod-pa c. gen. 
 or dat.; c. -ka, kd-sil md-zii-ka sd-fa-ld 
 nyi-dyop ddk-kvn hin (or dyi£) md-nyin-ne 
 I never had a cold. c. -sd, tem-bo-sd nyi 
 it belongs to the state; ho su nyi-wUn-d 
 what do you possess; a-bo-sd Ka-cem, nyi- 
 wiJm-re possessing his fathers will; nyim 
 k6n let him have M. 47; nyi-ka in 
 possession, in plenty, m,d-nyin-nun-ka in 
 want, in poverty. 
 
 nyim-bo existing, one possessing, li 
 nyim-bo a householder; md-nyin-num-bo 
 one not possessing. 
 
 nyi-wun l.being,possessing, 2. existence, 
 possessions ; hu-sa nyi-wim his possessions. 
 
 nyi-dok (nyi and the T. affix pluralis 
 dag? M.) all, every one, nyi-ddk-kun sak- 
 cin md-dok-ne proverb signifying that all 
 are not of the same mind; Lyan nyi-ddk 
 nyi tet fam-cdn md-sdn-ne no place 
 possesses eveiy description of animal. 
 
 Deriv. pd-nyi affixed to pd-hu q. v. 
 epidemic disease. See under nyit 3. 
 
 nyf 2. T. nyi(-ma 1. the sun, 2. the day) 
 s. day, opp. to night; *nyi-ma T. the 
 sun, za nyi-ma Sunday; — nyi, nyim the 
 day, nyim-re 1. s. the day, nyim-re kyop 
 vb. to fix the day, 2. adj. intermittent; 
 nyim-re dO. lot the day for fever to come, 
 to have intermittent fever; nyim-rel-ld 
 advly. daily M. 123. 
 
 Comp. nyi nyo improper time, days in 
 which no work is done, see cam and sir, 
 *nyi-dd, nyin-do T. nyi and zla^-ba) sun 
 and moon, the sign 5 of the so-called 
 L. 'alphabet, Skt. anundsika; nyin-do kAp 
 s. the point within the nyin-do. 
 
 Dqriv. sd-nyi, siik-nyi, s.-nyim or s.- 
 nyUm the day, opp. to night, sd-nyi sd- 
 ron-ren pyil-ld from this day forward. 
 
 nyf 3. cfr. T. gnyis num. two 1. post- 
 pos. of dual n. of the pronom. roots 
 kd-, a-, hv,-; see nyikn (only f. substantives) 
 object, nyim: kd-nyim, bo give us two; 
 hii-nyim byi give them two. 
 
 2. T. gnyis: *nyi-d6p T. gnyis-Mab 
 double; o-re-len a-re nyi-dop ryu this is 
 twice as good as that; T. nyi-su: *nyi- 
 m twenty etc. 
 
 nyf 4., (to love) a-nyi explet. to a-go 
 s. joy, pleasure; love, td-nyi explet. to 
 td-dyu q. v. See also nyit. 
 
 nyf 5. nyi-kun {nyo-knin) s. grand- 
 mother, nyi-kun nyo s. great-grandmother; 
 nyi-kun fi-kun s. grandmother and gr.- 
 father, ancestors; nyi-kun nal s. great- 
 great-grandmother, nyi-kun nal pum s. 
 gr.-gr.-gr.-gTandmother. — nyi- fa s. a 
 grandchild, nyi-fin s. great-grandchild, 
 nyi-fit s. a gr.-gr.-grandchild, nyi-fit tek 
 s. a gr.-gr.-gr. -grandchild. 
 
 *nyi 6. T. snaf, in comp. "nose"; nyi 
 dyop s. a cold, a catarrh; nyi dyop muii 
 or nyi dyop a-mi s. the evil spirit of 
 colds; nyi dyop zdk vb. to suffer under 
 influence of nyi dyop Tnun: i. q. nyi dyop 
 dak vb. to have catarrh (also s. catarrh); 
 — *nyi Slip s. a nosepin in bullock's 
 nose, properly corruption of T. sna-(rtsa) 
 
nyi-curt— *nyin 
 
 rtsih; nyi mp pup vb. to bore hole for 
 do. — nyi mp run s. running at nose as 
 fr. cold, nyi mp run zok vb. to have 
 r. at nose. 
 
 nyi-cun s. a spec, of nun-lut q. v. 
 nyf-toii s. land surrounded by marsh 
 and infested by evil spirits. M. 
 nyi-td i. q. nye-to. 
 
 nyf fyum s. the cheek-bones, the molar- 
 bones, also that part of the face; nyi 
 fyv/m ron id., nyi fyuni ron pd-plu-bo high 
 cheek-bones. 
 
 nyiii 1., a-nyin s. poison, T. dii^, applied 
 particularly to the Aconitum ferox lUn-ji 
 nyin, ace. Hooker I, 168 ,A. palmatum 
 "bikh"; — applied to a plant: muk (with 
 long leaves). nyin-Mn mak vb. to die by 
 p., nyin-niin sot vb. to kill by p., nyin 
 bid vb. to rub in p. to fix it, firmly to 
 arrow after sit q. v., nyin mol vb. to have 
 blood poisoned as by poisoned arrow, 
 nyin sit vb. to apply p. to arrows; — in 
 a moral sense a-lut nyin 1. evil passions 
 of the heart, a-rok ci sd hik-ti sd mon- 
 mdn sd a-re sam zo gdn a-lut nyin wine, 
 eggs and pork are three forbidden things ; 
 2. sorrow, grief, a-Ht nyin the heart- 
 burn; sak nyin adj. distressed, grieved. 
 Comp. nyin gyiit s. a young bulb of 
 aconite or other poisonous bulb; nyin fol 
 poison for fish extracted from the fol; 
 nyin bru id. from the brii. 
 
 a-nyin-bo adj. poisonous (as snakes). 
 - *nyin 2. T. snyiii i. q. sak s. the heart, 
 the mind, *nyin ji T. snyin rje s. great- 
 ness of h., magnanimity, generosity; — 
 nyin-d&k i.q.sam-diik sorrows of h., misery; 
 — *nyin-tsum T. snyin-tsim s. satisfaction 
 of mind generally in a bad s. joy felt at 
 anothers misfortune; — "^nyin-ru T. snyin- 
 rus s. the hearts care, diligence, endeavour, 
 perseverance; nyin-ru mat vb. to make 
 perseverance, to work diligently; — *nyin 
 kun T. snyin bukun (-ba vb. to bury in 
 the heart) to understand, to comprehend, 
 s. understanding nyi?i md-kiin-ne cannot 
 understand; nyi kun md-nyin-ne has no 
 comprehension; — nyiii fik vb. to fix the 
 
 nyin-rup— nyfl 
 
 107 
 
 mind, advly. hearty, sincere, heartily, 
 cordially, nyin fik(-lvn) dyok zuk vb. to 
 do work heartily; nyin fik-sd dyen z6n s. 
 an intimate friend, a sincere f. — 2. Tbr. 
 semen nyin bam lyan. 
 
 nyin-rup s. a volley as of musketry; 
 nyin-rup ton or 6p vb. to fire a volley. 
 
 nyft 1. s. Sesamum orientale T. til P. 
 
 nyft 2. see nyi 4.; 1. expletive to fydn 
 laughter: fydn nyit; 2. explet. to ddk: 
 dak nyit or nyit ddk vb. to cherish great- 
 ly; s. a-ddk a-nyit q. v. 
 
 nyft 3. T. rnyid{-pa to wither) applied 
 to teeth by L.'s a-fo nyit-nun fa or nyit- 
 bu-nun fa (tooth) to be decayed or eaten 
 by the tooth-insect. — pd-nyit (obsolete) 
 s. withering, fading, dying away. 
 
 ''nyft 4. T. gnyid vb. to sleep, affixed 
 to da, Am da nyit he is asleep *nyit-cdn 
 T. gnyid-can adj. sleepy *nyit-ts6n T. 
 gnyid-tian s. a sleeping-place. 
 
 nyft kuii s. Indian hemlock, Abies 
 dumosa M.; ace. Hooker 2, 45 '■'■gniet 
 koong''' Pinus longifolia. 
 
 nyfn see under nyi 1. 
 
 nyfp vb. t. to bind together, to bandage, 
 to tie up, a-fyak nyip vb. to tie up head 
 so as to support hair; fyak nyip s. a hair- 
 tie; kun-ka nyip vb. to fasten to tree. 
 
 nyfm 1. see nyi 1, 2. 
 
 nyfm 2. (purple, darkcoloured), Deriv. 
 nixm-nyim adj. id., vi niim-nyim dark 
 blood, arterial blood; vi n.-ny.-sd a-so 
 the arteries, a-mik biik niim-nyim kon to 
 give^ a black eye by a blow; niim-nyim 
 niim-nom-bo-niin pydl-ld nydn to be com- 
 pletely covered with bruises; — sd-nyim 
 red colour etc. see under sd-nyim; — see 
 fik-nyim sub fik, tiik-fik. 
 
 nyir and nyiir vb. 1. to foster, to fix, 
 to unite, to join together, to combine, 
 la-co-sd nyir vb. to fasten with wax; 
 a-hyo-nUn nyir vb. to gum together. 
 2. to live together in one place (as 
 people, animals, fish etc.). nyir-Mn bam 
 vb. to live in one place together. 
 
 nyfl vb. t. to fold back, to pull back 
 (as skin, bark of tree) to flap backwards. 
 
108 
 
 *nyil — nyum, a-nyum 
 
 nyur — *nye 
 
 to draw back, so as to show behind; 
 orfo nyil ih. to show teeth, as dog etc.; 
 kun pi nyil vb. to pull off the bark of 
 tree. 
 
 *nyil T. mnyel{-ba) vb. to be weary, 
 fatigued L. fydl nyil-ld nyil-ld i.q. nydl- 
 Id nyol-ld. 
 
 nyu, nyii-t vb. t. to dye, to colour, dum 
 nyu to dye cloth; tidn nyii. to dye with 
 dying matter; tio nyii to dye, to colour, 
 to stain; a-hyir nyii to dye red; nyii-bo 
 
 1. coloured, dyed, 2. i. q. ny&t-bo a dyer; 
 nyu-tom-ho dyed, a dyed article. 
 
 nyuk reduplic. of nyak q. v. 
 
 nyuii vb. to be deep, to be intricate, 
 to be obstruse, as subject, learning; un 
 sd-tet nyHn-nun-d how deep is the water; 
 un-dd a-gyap nyiin the pond or lake is 
 very deep. — nyHn-bo and a-nyHn adj. 
 deep (of water) W. 60, complicated, pro- 
 found, difficult; rin nyun-bo a profound 
 subject, obstruse language; — nyHn-niin 
 and a-nyixn s. depth, profundity; diffi- 
 culty; nyiin-mm-ka Mo or a-nyHn-ka fi 
 to fall into difficulty; a-nyiin-nun for to 
 be released from difficulty. 
 
 nyun, a-nyun s. a cluster as a head of 
 plantain, kHr-don nyiin. 
 
 *nyun T. snyun(-pa) vb. hon. i. q. dak 
 M. 135. 
 
 nyup i. q. nyiim: nyim two, you two, 
 a-nyi nyiip you two both, you two; nyiip- 
 ka byi give to both. 
 
 nyiirn i.q. w^/m 1. pron. object. : a-nyiim 
 you two, kd-nyUm us two etc. md-ro 
 nyiiTn-nun zuk the two people did it. 
 
 2. fr. nyi to be; nyiim-bo i. q. nyim-bo 
 one having, possessing; 3. i. q. suk-nyiim, 
 sd-nyim s. the day; nyiim-pyet s. midday. 
 
 nyum, a-nyum s. the throat, nyiim Mr 
 vb. to clear the throat; a-bon-sd nyiim 
 md-for-ne does not press down the throat 
 P., — the voice J. a-nyiim kin a shrill 
 voice ; a-nyiim gryon-nd grydn-nd a harsh 
 V. ; a-nyiim cUp vb. to be hoarse, a-nyiim 
 cwp det bam to be getting hoarse v.; — 
 a-nyiim bin vb. vulg. to stick in throat, 
 a-nyiim bin tsiip to have v. stopped, to 
 
 lose v.; — a-nyiim rik vb. to be in tune- 
 
 — a-nyiim ron-nd ron-nd a deep, base v. ■ 
 
 — a-nyiim a-ryum a good v., a-nyiim 
 md-ryu-ne a bad v.; — a-nyiim ryon-nd 
 ryon-nd a harsh v.; — a-nyiim vyen (the 
 V.) to tremble. 
 
 nyur also nyir vb. to growl as dog, 
 tiger, a-lyii nyiir, kd-ju nyur. 
 
 nyur i. q. nyir. 
 
 nyul; nyiil-ld nyiil-ld floating on the 
 surface of water (as oil), niim ny.-ld ny.- 
 Id plyun. 
 
 nyul reduplic. of ny6l q. v. 
 
 nyu, a-nyu s. an aunt, also applied to 
 elder sister, wife, a-nyu kiip s. nephew, 
 niece, child of elder brother. 
 
 nyu vb. 1. to direct with hand a-kd- 
 niin nyu^ with eye mik-sd or mik-niin 
 nyu, with head a-tyak-niin nyu, generally 
 to go (opp. pa to come^ non-sdn nyu, to 
 give a sign to go away. 2. to offer a 
 thing and not to give, to tantalize. Mm 
 md-nyu-niin do not tantalize. 
 
 *nyu T. smyug, *nyu-kri T. smyug-gri 
 s. a pen-kidfe; — nyu-krok T. smyug-Hrog 
 s. a p.-h older; — nyu-gu T. smyug-gu s. 
 a pen (reed p.) for writing: nyu-gu pd- 
 tin; nyu-gu pUn-kop s. a quill-p.; nyu-gu 
 (bon) zat vb. to split p.; nyu-gu zat-re 
 or fom-bo s. the split; nyu-gu plyok vb. 
 to cut the front-slice of p.; nyu-gu ban 
 s. the nib, nyu-gu tydt or tin vb. to' nib 
 the p., nyu-gu zuk vb. to make the n. 
 
 nyu-bii see pd-gok-bu. 
 
 *nyun T. id. pron. adj. little, few. 
 
 *nyuh i. q. nyiin L. ddk: pd-no ny. bam. 
 
 *nyuri-ne T. snyun-gnas s. the feast of 
 Padmapani bcu-gcig-zal (the eleven- 
 faced). M. 
 
 nyuh-bu s. n. pr. of insect, spec, wood- 
 grub. 
 
 nye 1., a-nye adv. presently, by and by; 
 a-nye gdii, a-nye grdp id.; a-nye kam z6 
 very shortly, in a few minutes; (a-)nye 
 kdm pat id.; a-nye so-nap to-night. 
 
 *nye 2. T. id., near, adj. and adv. 
 nye to or nye tap vb. to ascribe; Comp. 
 *nye-kro T. nye-grogs s. a neighbour; 
 
"nye— nyet 
 
 nyen 
 
 109 
 
 nye-kro lyan s. neighbourhood; — *nye- 
 rin T. nye-ran (near and far) s. partiality, 
 nye-rin nyim-bo a partial person; nye 
 rin mat vb. to show partiality, to show 
 affection, favour, ''nye-ne T. nye-gnas s. 
 nye-ne mat-bo-sd lyan no-o go to the place 
 of (self)-subjugation. 
 
 *nye 3. T. nyesQ-pa) 1. adj. wrong, 
 
 noxious, 2. s. evil, calamity, 3. moral fault, 
 
 ,sin, 4. punishment; nye fo md-nyin-ne 
 
 it is not my fault; nye-bo s. an offender, 
 
 a criminal. 
 
 *nye-t6 T. nyes(^-pay and rtaffs (sign) 
 s. i. q. nye 3; a-re-mm mat-ba nye-to pld 
 from the cause the fault arose; — m 
 nye-to-mm tnak-nyi-wun-go thro' what 
 evil cause did he die; nye-to hyop vb. to 
 accuse; nye-to don vb. to search for cause 
 of complaint, nye-to don su mat-ba dyu- 
 wun-go thro' what evil cause are you 
 fighting. — nye-to nyim-bo s. faulty, one 
 giving cause for complaint, nye-td md- 
 nyin-num-bo s. one, who gives no cause 
 for grievance or of complaint. 
 
 nye nye speaking to a baby: sleep, go 
 to sleep. 
 
 *nye-po T. gnyer-pa (s. a steward), 
 gnyer-ba (to provide), one who provides 
 for or takes care of, a purveyor, com- 
 missary. 
 
 *nye-ts(in 'Y.gnyid-tsan s. a sleeping-place. 
 
 nyek; nuk-nyek, num-nyek see nek, nok. 
 
 nyek, nyak to be hollowed out, to be 
 concave, mlem nyek receding face. 
 
 nyen 1. to be fast (as colour), tso nyen-ld 
 jak the colour is fast, is firmly dyed, in- 
 flammatory irritation to break out on body. 
 
 *nyen 2. T. myen(^-ba) hon. i. q. ro 
 q. V. to fear, pd-no nyen bam. 
 
 nyet 1., a-nyet s. the fibrous juncture 
 of the bulb of some plants, buk nyet the 
 f. juncture of some of the Dioscoreaceae. 
 
 nyet 2. 1. vb. t. to curtail, to make 
 smaller, to condense, to compress, to 
 shorten; a-do mlo kdm nyet-td curtail 
 your article a little; co nyet-lun pi vb. 
 to abridge a book; kd-ju tuk-sim nyet 
 vb. to dock the tail of a dog; to rectify. 
 
 to reform, to alter, to correct, rin nyet- 
 lUn li vb. to correct one's words; mlo 
 nyet-lun fo vb. to put in order things; 
 Id-vo nyet-lun fron vb. to make correct 
 calculation of the month, to correct by 
 intercalary days; to repent, to feel sorrow 
 for sin: Id-yo sak-cin nyet; sak-cin nyet cin 
 to think over again, to repent; 2. vb. n. 
 to settle down as loose earth: fdt nyet 
 nan; to shrink as cloth, to subside, td- 
 lyd-dd-rem nyet kon-lun he caused the 
 sea to go back Ex. to go backward, to 
 recede hd-yu td-gum lol-ld nyet-lUn fdt- 
 ka pok-non-ne they went backward and 
 fell to the ground J. 
 
 nyen 1. s. milk Tbr. : ton-tson; nyen-sd 
 a-lut s. butter; — nyen no stale milk; 
 nyen ju unboiled milk; nyen ham pure 
 m. ; nyen dl new fresh m. ; nyen cor sour 
 m.; nyen c6n s. milk and wine: the price 
 of girl for wife, nyen c6n tydt vb. to 
 complete the payment of bride; it is 
 succeeded by the nyom tsum tap (litly. 
 the interview- fee) and finally the riim 
 fat the offerings to the deity completes 
 the marriage ceremony; — nyen jo don 
 s. the m.-pail; — nyen-dor bi s. "m.-mush- 
 room" a spec, of fungus, Agaricus; — 
 nyen nut bu s. the Ascaris lumbricoides; 
 
 — nyen nut ri-nom s. the smell of m. as 
 from child; — nyen pum s. the udder, 
 mamma kiir-sak also kUn-don pot Tbr.; 
 
 — nyen pot and nyen-bon s. the teat; — 
 nyen-bum t'ydn or nyen-bi/m di tet fydn 
 vb. to laugh immoderately; — nyen mak 
 s. cream (nyen mak) kdm (cream) to 
 form; — nyen yum s. the clotted curl 
 that adheres to a vessel in which m. has 
 been kept; — nyen tdn-(bam)-bo (a-kup) 
 s. a suckling; — nyen zon-bo s. a good 
 milker (cow); — nyen Idt-bo id.; — nyen 
 kdm coagulated m. 
 
 iiyen kyok vb. to churn, nyen kyok don 
 s. a milk churu. — nyen cet vb. to wean, 
 to ablactate; — nyen nO. vb. to suck as 
 baby, calf; — nyen vyik vb. to touch up' 
 the mammae; — nyen tydn vb. to suckle; 
 
 — nyen ma vb. to conceal, to keep back 
 
no 
 
 'nyen— *nyer 
 
 nyel — nyo 
 
 the m., said of a cow, who when being 
 milked keeps back her milk and will 
 allow none to pass, but when suckling 
 the calf gives it out in great abundance; 
 
 — nyen tser Tb. to milk (co-vf); — nyen 
 lydt vb. 1. to cease giving m., 2. to be 
 weaned (child, calf); — nyen sok vb. to 
 abstain from drinking m.; — nyen sap 
 (non) m. to be dried up. 
 
 *nyen 2. T. bsnyen(-pa) vb. to pro- 
 pitiate, to reverence, *nyen-ne T. hsnyen- 
 gnas s. a holyday, a fast -day. — ""nyen 
 jo-mo T. bsnyen jo-mo s. a priestess, an 
 ordained lady, a lady-superior, an abbess, 
 *nyen jo-wo T. hsny.-jo-bo s. an ordained 
 priest, a highpriest. 
 
 *nyen 3. T. snyin(-pa) vb. to be meek, 
 to be mild, to be gentle, a-bon li-ba nyen 
 to be gentle of speach; nyen-bo adj. gentle, 
 mild, docile, nyen-ldt s. gentleness etc. 
 
 — to be ductile, yielding, to be facile. 
 a-nyen I. adj. gentle, mild, rin a-nyen 
 
 mild language, md-ro a-nyen a gentle 
 man; 2. s. gentleness; a-nyen-sd dun byi 
 vb. to inform with g. ; nyen-ld adv. gently, 
 meekly. 
 
 nyem 1. s. a mole, a small dark ex- 
 crescence on skin. 
 
 nyem 2. vb. to crush, to press together 
 as sides of basket tun-gryon nyem; hat etc. 
 
 *nyem-bo T. bsnan-bo in L. : s. impor- 
 tunateness, pertinacity, earnestness, nyem- 
 bo top vb. to be importunate, to be per- 
 tinacious, nyem-bo liyu vb. to struggle, 
 to attain, to strive earnestly; nyem-bo 
 mat vb. 1. to be importunate, to be 
 pertinacious; 2. to be earnest in. 
 
 *nyer 1. T. nerQ-ba s. a sinking), Id-vo 
 nyer the wane of the moon, l.-vo ny.-tsu 
 hyop vb. to reckon the waning phasis. 
 
 (nyer) 2. tuk-nyer and tuii-nyer s. a large 
 bowl (close-plaited basketwork) for hold- 
 ing the grain of chi. 
 
 *nyer 3. T. gnyer{-ba) vb. to persist 
 in, to persevere in, to be obdurately firm 
 in, to take firm and persevering hold of, 
 hence to take charge of, to endeavour 
 to the utmost, to struggle for; kd-ju nyer 
 
 bam the dog holds on pertinaciously; — 
 nyer-lim ay ok mat vb. to work persever- 
 ingly; — md-ro-ka tam-rin nyer-lun ryak 
 vb. to prosecute another perseveringly; 
 
 — to provide for, to take charge of, to 
 look after; mlo bldn nyer to look after 
 goods; — to do good service for great 
 man, to work well for do. nyer-lun sap- 
 ci su gdn a-bryan a-tim pld-so if a servant 
 of great man performs good service he 
 will obtain high rank, nyer-umn-sd md- 
 ro a persevering, zealous person. 
 
 nyer-bo, si nyer-bo s. a protector of 
 goods, a house-keeper. 
 
 nyer-ld adv. perseveringly etc. nyer-la 
 mat vb. to exert. 
 
 nyer-ldt s. perseverance, endeavour, 
 exertion. 
 
 nyel 1. fyak nyel s. the occipital sutures 
 of the skull. 
 
 nyel 2. see nydl s. the gums (of teeth). 
 
 nyel 3. vb. to repeat anything, nyel-lun 
 li vb. to speak again, nyel-lun biik to 
 beat again, nyel-lun zuk vb. to perform 
 again, to renew. — kiim-fal kiim-nyel s. 
 repetition, see tal. 
 
 nyo I. s. snot, tuk-nom nyo, tuk-nom 
 dyit\ nyo lut vb. to pick nose; nyo-ayit 
 s. snot, nyo-ayit z6n Met slippery as snot. 
 
 nyo II. s. 1. explet. to mik; a-mik a-nyo, 
 mik nyo td-at-ld or -td-at-td expr. the 
 confusion of idea or being dazzled by 
 the sight of numerous objects. P. — 
 2. the eye of grain, zo nyo; mik nyo id. 
 
 — 3. in nyo bu nyo bon or mur-nyo bu 
 mur-nyo bon standing waters, lakes M. 139; 
 a-pa pa ci a-tet nyo bu nyo bon zon sd- 
 lom fdn Ku-wun-d gramercy! how can you 
 drink so much chi as if all the running 
 waters were gathered together. — nyo un 
 s. a large expanse of water. 
 
 nyo, a-nyo III. s. the side of a bouse, 
 cornice, angular edges ; border of garment, 
 hem; a-nyo tek s. the mastoidal bones; 
 mh nyo s. a space, district, region. 
 
 nyo IV. explet. to vi blood, a-vi a-nyo; 
 vi-nyo-nim gyek-tom-bo-sd a-kwp one's 
 own child, born of their own blood (male 
 
nyo— nyo 
 
 and female); old as female or pedigree 
 on female side; nyo dun vb. to tell 
 pedigree on mothers side; — s. a-nyo 
 a lady, a gentle woman, M. a queen 
 W. 60; nyo tin lady and lord; nyo-kun 
 s. a grandmother, an old lady, an ancestor 
 (female); nyo-kun nyo s. a great-grand- 
 mother; nyo-kun nal s. a gr.-gr.-grand- 
 mother; nyo-kun pum s. a gr.-gr.-gr.- 
 grandmother. nyo-kun fam-blydk s. a 
 spec, butterfly. — • nyo-ld and nyol-ld adv. 
 old, former, always, nyol-ld ham vb. to 
 remain always in one place, nyol-ld 
 bam-bo a resident (permanent). 
 
 nyo, a-nyo Y. adj. old (said of yams 
 and some other vegetables of former 
 season), a-nyo fat ndn applied to vege- 
 tables of f. s. that have become decayed. 
 
 nyo VI., nyo-m, nyd-t, nyo vb. to be 
 portentuous, to be ominous [mon muk 
 a-ju ayek bu lat-liin tiin-hap-ka a-sap zuk 
 gdn nyo-so when a pig gathers bushwood 
 etc. from the jungle and makes its bed 
 under the house, it is considered an un- 
 fortunate auspice and the pig is killed; 
 bik tvk-sim li dum-po-ka myil gdn nyo-so 
 when a cow gets under a house and 
 there becoming fixed twists its tail round 
 the post, this likewise is considered of 
 bad import and the cow is killed, zo 
 bri zo-bdn buk fdn t'a gdn nyo-so when 
 a person eats toasted yam after having 
 eaten new rice, it is said ho will become 
 deaf; a-yu a-kup-bii-bam-bo ik hu-sd a-vo 
 sd-tdn tsuk man fa gdn yan hik dr-pdn 
 tydm-lun mak-dydt-bo ndk gdn nyo-so if 
 a pregnant woman or her husband during 
 the time of pregnancy (and till 4 days 
 after birth of child) eat of flesh of ani- 
 mal killed by a tiger and or happen to 
 see a fowl or other animal dying, it is 
 said the child will die; a-yu a-kup-bii- 
 bam-bo-sd a-vo on- sop \tsam gdn nyo-so 
 when the husband of pregnant woman 
 lays hold of a horse -bridle in which 
 case it is said both wife and child will 
 die; a-n&m-sd I6n gdrl nyo-so having 
 carnal connexion with sister or cousin; 
 
 nyo — nyon 
 
 111 
 
 it is used generally to mean an un- 
 fortunate effect, the days on which is 
 not proper to work after the death of 
 relative: nyo-wun-sd sd-dyak as the three 
 days after death of relative etc. 
 
 nyom-ho s. a portentuous thing or 
 event; a-lom nyi gdn nyom-bo nyi-so if 
 this occurs it will be a portentuous cir- 
 cumstance. 
 
 a-nyom adj. portentuous, a-nyom sd- 
 dyak same as nyo wun-sd sd-dyak the 
 days in which after death the body re- 
 mains in the house, the interval between 
 death and burial. 
 
 fam nyo vb. to be ominous. 
 
 fam-nyot or fam-nyom or fam-nyot t'am- 
 kot s. (pag. 27 col. I read nydt for fdt") 
 an infortunate or inauspicious circum- 
 stance, but fam-nyot is used for a greater 
 degree of ill omen than nyom, especially 
 for incest and such like; tam-nydt mat 
 vb. to commit incest or any portentuous 
 act; fam-nyot kiip s. a monster. 
 
 nyo probably "large" in opp. to krdn 
 q. v., nyo-bik s. a bulky cow, a hill-cow. 
 
 *nyo-tson T. nyo-ts'oA s. commerce, 
 merchandise, nyo-tion mat vb. to traffic, 
 to trade. 
 
 *nyok T. rnyogQ-pd) vb. to rub together, 
 as hands when washing them a-kd nyok\ 
 a-mik nyok to rub eye ; dum nyok to wash 
 clothes by rubbing between hands; zo 
 bi nyok to stir rice. 
 
 nyon; nyon-nd nyon-nd rickety, ny.-nd 
 ny.-nd nan vb. to be rickety. 
 
 nyon kur kun-rah s. a spec, of mustard- 
 plant. 
 
 nyot vb. to penetrate into, to be merged 
 into, to assimilate with. 
 
 nyot-td nyot-td incessantly babbling, 
 nyot-td[nyot-td li vb. to speak incessantly. 
 
 nyon vb. to be deeply rooted, a-re kun 
 rik buk nyon nan these trees, creepers 
 and yams lie deeply rooted. 
 
 nyon-nd nyon-nd adv. soft, flabby, elastic, 
 as fat flesh, bulbous vegetable, buk ny.- 
 nd ny.-nd gum the yam is soft (bad); man 
 ny.-nd ny.-nd nyi-pa the flesh is flabby. 
 
112 
 
 nyop— nyor, a-nyor 
 
 nyor jin— nydk 
 
 nyop; nyop-pd nyop-pd foolish, silly, 
 simple, i. q. bon zon; nyop-pd nyop-pd li 
 vb. to speak in a foolish manner or 
 rather hardly able to speak like a dumb 
 person, nyop-pd nyop-pd lorn vb. to walk 
 in a foolish way, like a simpleton, nyop- 
 pd nyop-pd dyok zuk yb. to do work in 
 a foolish way. 
 
 nyom, fam-nyom see under nyo VI. 
 ''nyoiYl T. snyem; *nyoih cun T. snyeni- 
 cun (col. nyom-cun Jaschke) adj. pride- 
 less, humble, kind, td-do-mum nyom cun 
 mat to depreciate oneself, to be humble. 
 *nyom T. snyom(;-pa) vb. to make even, 
 to level, to equalize in seize or rank, 
 to make uniform; gun-nd-ka nyom-lun 
 hyi vh. to give to all alike; to be equal 
 etc. ; a-yijL a-vo nyom-pa the wife and 
 husband are equal. 
 nyorrt-ho adj. an equal. 
 nyom-ld adv. equally, uniformly, alike; 
 nyom-ld mat vb. to make even to, to 
 equalize, pd-tin-pdn nyom-ld not cut the 
 sticks evenly; nyom-ld dim vb. to equi- 
 librate; nyom-ld pi vb. to write even; 
 nyomr-ld zuk vb. to make even; nyom-ld 
 sem vb. to judge with impartiality. 
 
 nyor vb. to increase in size as body; 
 to grow, to become large, a-kup nyor 
 ndn; nyor-rd nyor-rd large, strong, stout. 
 nydr-rd nyor-rd adv. flabby, md-zu nydr- 
 rd nyor-rd flabby flesh, tun-gryon nydr- 
 rd nyor-rd basket to shake when being 
 carried. (See also nyon-nd.^ — nyor-ld 
 increasing in size, kun nyor-ld nun ndn 
 the tree has become large. 
 
 nyor, a-nyor s. 1. ear hon. nydn, explet. 
 a-vydr; a-nyor-ka hruk vb. to be tired 
 of hearing; — a-nyor-ka nydn vb. to give 
 ear, to pay attention, a-nyor nydn-bo s. 
 an earwitness; — a-nyor gi vb. to incline 
 ear, to listen, a-nyor gi-lun fyo incline 
 ears and hear; — a-nyor-nim fyo vb. to 
 know by hearsay; a-nyor tyom-bo s. an 
 earwitness; — a-nyor dap vb. to shut the 
 ears; — a-nyor rmn vb. to pinch the ears; 
 — nyor p6n to be deaf; a-nyor p6n(-bo) 
 adj. deaf; a-nyor pon t'yo-ld mat vb. to 
 
 make the deaf to hear; a-nyor mar vb. 
 to twist the ear; — a-nyor za adj. quick 
 of hearing; — a-nyor zd-nd zdn-nd vydl 
 vb. to prick up ears; — a-nyor vo-bam 
 vb. to fancy one has heard when no one 
 has called; — a-nyw sak zd vb. to be 
 stunned; — a-nyor sun-zon-ld mat vb. to 
 prick ear forwards as dog or fox; — 
 {a-)nyor o dull of hearing. Comp. nyor- 
 krdl s. an earprick; — a-nyor -pot s. 
 dewlap. 2. the pan of gun-lock sd- 
 dydr mi nyor. 
 
 nyor jin or jen s. threatening, menacing, 
 nyor jin (jen) rin threatening languag'e; 
 nyor jin (Jen) mat vb. to menace, to 
 threaten. 
 
 nyol, a-nyol s. vegetables that are large 
 and fine. 
 
 nyol-la see nyo-ld under nyo. 
 
 nyd adj. odd as number (3 or 5 etc.), 
 co-nyo odd and even; a-fron nyo an odd 
 number; Mom- nyo an odd shoe. 
 
 nyd vb. to be sore, to be stiff (as body), 
 to ache (from labour), uyok-nijm mat-ba 
 md-zH nyo bam; to be cramped (as from 
 long sitting) : nan gyap-niin mat-ren dyan 
 nyo ndn. dyok a-lim zuk-ba md-zH nyd 
 non-so when you do heavy work your 
 limbs become stiff or sore; a-dyan nyd 
 ndn the legs to become stiff as from 
 long sitting. 
 
 *nyd T. dmyal(-ba) s. hell, nyd-nun 
 kye-mo mat vb. to deliver or save from 
 hell; nyd tun-hdH the gulf of h.; nyd-sd 
 mi h.-fire; nyd-niin dop vb. to burn in h. 
 
 *nyd, a-nyd T. brnya(-ba to borrow) s. 
 a loan; a-nyd fop vb. to receive a loan; 
 a-nyd Idt-fop vb. to receive back the 
 amount of 1.; — (a-)nyd byi vb. to grant 
 a 1., nyd byin md-fup-ne vb. not to agree 
 to lend; — (a-)ny6 lyd vb. to borrow; 
 — nyd vat id. ; — nyd ul vb. to request 
 a loan. 
 
 nyd-t'6k see nydk-fdk. 
 
 nyd-dor see tHr-nyd-dor. 
 
 nyd-Sor vb. to overcome, to vanquish M. 
 
 nydk vb. to twist as string, to twine, 
 to ]5lait, tuk-jM nydk to twist cord, nydk 
 
nydk— *ny6n 
 
 fdk s. a necklace plaited of gold or silver- 
 thread or wire worn by women. 
 
 nydk A. vb. 1. to be slow, tardy, to 
 be dilatory, to delay nydk bam; 2. to be 
 false, spurious, to be base as coin: kom 
 nydk false money; — nyok-ho or a-nyok 
 adj. 1. slow, tardy, Tbr.: a workman, 
 a-nyok zdn-bo an inferior Tbr.; a-kd 
 nyok-ho slow with hands; ydm-nyok-ho 
 slow of comprehension; 2. false, pseudo- 
 md-ro nyok-bo a f. person, an impostor; 
 a-nyok a-lyok spurious counterfeit (as 
 money etc.); dor-bi nyok-bo a spurious 
 mushroom (not edible), nyok-ld adv. 
 slowly, tardily; nyok-ld zuk vb. to work 
 slowly. 
 
 B. s. a-nyok s. delay, procrastination; 
 (a-')ny6k mat vb. to make delay. 
 
 nydn s. a kind of grass, used for thatch- 
 ing U nyon cap. 
 
 nydn s. a bird, some of the spec, of 
 warblers, Drymorpus inornatus etc., nyon- 
 fo M. Je. 2, 178. ace. W. ''nyonf Centro- 
 coccyxbengalensis; "go nyong" Gopsychus 
 saularis R. 217. 
 
 *nydn T. myon{-ba) vb. to feel (said 
 
 of body or mind) Tio so-zdn-re zon nyon 
 
 do you feel cold; sak-ddk-re zon nyon- 
 
 nun-d do you feel sad; — to taste, a-re 
 
 CO sd-lom nyon-nun-d how does that tea 
 
 taste; — to suffer from the effects of, 
 
 la-yo nyon to suffer the effects of sins, 
 
 to be punished, to feel remorse; hrim 
 
 nydn to suffer punishment; ci nydn to be 
 
 intoxicated "to suffer the effects of chi"; 
 
 hii tdm-bo-ka ndn-bdn nydn ndn having 
 
 gone to the feast he suffered from the 
 
 effects i. e. became intoxicated; a-dy&t-ka 
 
 nydn-ndn-ne he was killed in battle; mdk 
 
 nydn to take effect on; — to happen, to 
 
 befall, to occasion, su nydn nd nydn 
 
 zuk-so whatever may be the consequence 
 
 (whatever may happen) I will do; m 
 
 nydn nd nydn ndn-so whatever will be, 
 
 will be; — to seem, to appear, so-yii si 
 
 zon nydn does it appear as if it would 
 
 rain; go-nixn kydm-hydt-re zdn ruk-nyam 
 
 mat-re zdn nydn te yo-bdn md-tsu-ne I did 
 
 nydt — nydn 
 
 113 
 
 not write it on account that it might 
 appear that I was romancing. 
 
 nydt s. a cultivated field, a field, culti- 
 vation in opp. to pd-zdk jungle; nydt-sd 
 a-lut or a-pdt s. the fruit or produce of 
 field; nydt ti s. the upper end of £; nydt 
 dan kat a f. as large as one man can 
 cultivate; nydt dydr fields lying side by 
 side, parallel with eachother; nydt num- 
 bren s. an early crop from fields in the 
 valley; nydt mi mo s. a f. after the jungle 
 or forest has been burnt; nydt sd-grydm 
 s. a f. where the trees are left after 
 having been cut down; nydt a-fydk a 
 small f.; nydt krydn s. a small watch- 
 house in f. ; nydt tan s. the lower side 
 of f.; nydt fok s. the crops of f.; nydt 
 num-bri s. first fruits of season; nydt Mt 
 s. the centre of f. — nydt cek vb. to cut 
 down forest for a f.; nydt tydt vb. to 
 prepare f. by cutting away trees; nydt 
 pydk vb. to clean f. of rubbish; nydt fyel 
 vb. to finish clearing a f.; nydt bdk vb. 
 to weed cultivation; nydt mat vb. to 
 cultivate land P., nydt mat-bo s. a culti- 
 vator, a-bon nydt mat vb. to jabber, to 
 talk nonsense Tbr.; nydt zuk vb. to 
 cultivate or prepare a field; it also im- 
 plies "to prosecute or pursue an object", 
 to make exertion, to perform, rin nydt 
 zuk to endeavour, to attain one's object 
 by speach, to mediate, to advocate; kdm 
 nydt zuk to trade, to merchandize. — 
 nydt zuk-bo s. gardner; nydt rat or nydt 
 lion vb. to clear cultivation of bushwood; 
 nydt hrydk vb. to burn the felled trees 
 etc. off f. ; td-lyan nydt s. 1. a large 
 cultivation, 2. the service of the great, 
 riim-sd td-lyan nydt i.q^. sd-tsuk Id-vo nydt, 
 pd-no-sd td-lyan nydt i. q. pd-no-sd dyok. 
 — dan nydt s. a field in low country; 
 Mo nydt s. the hill -cultivation; sur no 
 nydt s. a f. between the high and low 
 cultivation, intermediate field. 
 
 nydt, t'am-nydt see under nyo. 
 
 *nydt T. snyad vb. to accuse, to charge, 
 bi nydt to accuse, to lay a charge against. 
 
 nydn caus. of ndn q. v. 
 
114 
 
 nydn— *nydm 
 
 *ny(5ni— nydl 
 
 nydn T. gnyan adj. cruel, fierce, ob- 
 durate, a-lut nydn-bo adj. hard-hearted. 
 
 nydp 1. vh. to make believe, to pretend 
 to do a thing, to simulate, to counterfeit, 
 zuk-Mn ny&p vb. to pretend to do; ddk- 
 sdn nydp vb. to feign sickness, mak-sdn 
 nydp vb. to counterfeit death. 
 
 nydp 2. vb. to cut a tree on the side 
 opposite to that on which you wish it 
 to fall; kun dyap-ban nyop-lun cek tydl 
 having made incisions , on the side you 
 wish the tree to fall, to set to work on 
 the opp. side to hew and fell it. 
 
 a-nydp a-buk s. said in cutting trees 
 when a slight side-cut is given. 
 
 nydm 1. s. a month, the name of a m. 
 as a period. The following are the order 
 and names of the m.'s: dyit nyovi; ra 
 nydm; mar nydm; kur-nyit ny.; kur-sdri 
 ny.; fdn ny.; sdm ny.; num-tsam ny.; 
 blun ny. ; nwm-kum ny. ; pur-vim ny. ; glu 
 ny. M. 141. 
 
 nydm 2., a-nydm s. a bride, also a 
 daughter-in-law; nydm kldn vb. to send 
 a bride to marry; nydm lyo vb. to take 
 bride, to marry; — nydm-kup s. the 
 daughter-in-law's younger sister, brother 
 or cousin; nydm-dyen id.; nydm al s. a 
 bride; nydm sek s. the price of bride; 
 nydm sek tap vb. to pay do.; nydm tsum 
 tap vb. to pay final price of bride, lit. 
 interview after the nyen cdn tydt; nydm 
 sd mydk the daughter and son-in-law, 
 the bride and bridegroom. 
 
 nydm 3., a-nydm s. a leaf, kun-nydm 
 
 1. of tree; a-nydm tik bu vb. to get leaves, 
 to sprout into leaves; a-nydm Idn (a leaf) 
 to dry and change colour. 
 
 nydm 4. tuk-nydm s. the genus Grryllus; 
 num-on nydm Mantis religiosa. 
 
 *nydm 5. T. nyams s. the mind, see 
 nyam. 
 
 nydm 6. caus. of ndm 1. vb. to smell, 
 
 2. s. ulcer. See ndm. 
 
 *nydm 7. T. nyams^-pa) vb. to be di- 
 minished, grown worse, defiled, polluted 
 profaned; nydm ndn reduced in circum- 
 
 stances ; — to be separated, to come apart, 
 to be divided, to be disjoined; — nydm- 
 Id mat vb. to defile, to pollute; to pro- 
 fane, to desecrate; riim^ka nydm-ld mat 
 to blaspheme, to commit sacrilege. — 
 nydm-ldt s. defilement, pollution"; pro- 
 fanation, sacrilege. 
 
 *nydm T. snyom^^fd) vb. to level, see 
 nyam; L. tarn. 
 
 nydm-rek incorr. for nam-rek. 
 
 nydr 1. s. a caste of the Nepalese. 
 
 nydr 2. vb. to pour from one vessel 
 into another. 
 
 nydr 3. vb. to grunt, to groan or moan 
 in sleep, ho Su m,at nydr-run-d why are 
 you moaning in your sleep. 
 
 nydl 1. vb. to annoy, to plague, to 
 teaze, to vex; nydl-bo adj. annoying, 
 vexatious, troublesome; — nydl-ldt s. 
 annoyance, trouble, vexation. 
 
 nydl 2. vb. to be soft, bad (applied to 
 iron), to be hard, troublesome to cut 
 (said of wood); — to be slow, lazy, to 
 be sluggish, nydl-ld nydl-ld adv. hard, 
 troublesome to cut (said of wood); ^ 
 nyul Id nydl-ld adv. slow, lazy, tardy, 
 nyiil-ld nydl-ld Idm vb. to walk lazily; 
 nydl nydl id. 
 
 nydl nydl s. indolence, laziness, sluggish- 
 ness, jiydl nydl mat vb. to be sluggish. 
 
 nydl-bo and a-nydl adj. 1. bad, applied 
 to soft, bad iron, ban nydl-bo a knife 
 made of soft iron, tough, said of wood 
 opp. to a-gdt: kun nydl-bo hard trouble- 
 some wood; long-winded as in speach 
 or running; 2. slow, sluggish, a si. person. 
 
 *nydl 2. T. snyol{-ba) vb. to lay down; 
 nydl kun applied to a dead body, a corpse; 
 ny^l kun kUn-bo (lit. the prostrated tree) 
 Tbr. 
 
 nydl 3., sd-nydl, nydl-ldn s. an anchor 
 of ship P. 
 
 nydl 4., a-nydl s. 1. the edge of bason, 
 cup etc. 2. a small cooking vessel, see 
 fyv,. 
 
 nydl bif s. a shuttle. 
 
 nydl tun-krdk s. a spec, of fern. 
 
ta— ta- 
 
 ta — tS, tt-m 
 
 115 
 
 ta the ninth letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. =5 = the English t. 
 
 -t I. verbal increment (see -m, -n) 
 forms nomina fr. verbal roots zdt cfr. 
 T. zas fr. zo to eat T. za-ba\ with prefix 
 a-, td-, tarn- etc.: a-dit fr. di to come; 
 a-tit fr. ti to arrive; td-not fr. no to be 
 old; tam-nyot fr. wyo to be ominous; — 
 before the agens postp. -ho verbs ending 
 in a vowel, assume their final c. M. 98 
 dit-ho a comer fr. di to come. — II. gives 
 a transitive or causative s. esply. for roots 
 with i- vowel e. c. dit in hyon dit (also 
 hyon dyii) from di, (see also kyon dyak 
 fr. dak q. v.); nyit vb. to cherish fr. nyi 
 s. love, jit vb. to sift fr. ji s. sand, kit 
 vb. to seize, to hold fr. ki vb. to take; 
 jut vb. to foster fr. ju id., tut vb. to wash 
 fr. tii id.; — when a vb. ending in a 
 vowel is succeeded by kon postp. of the 
 2nd p. imp. the final is amplified^by the 
 c- termination -t (or -m, -n M. 47) dit- 
 kdn let him come fr. di to come. 
 
 ta- prefix 1. with postp. -kd or -sd or 
 -sd-o a third p. imp. is formed td-mat-kd 
 let him do it; td-non-sd or td-non-kd let 
 him or them go; td-Sor-sd-o let it be lost; 
 with -sd ydn affixed to vbs. implies "for 
 the purpose of" "in order" "that" as 
 mlo kat md-ro-niin td-par-sd ydn a-ryam 
 zuk to ornate a thing in order to induce 
 a person to buy it; nikn-Um-nyo td-tdt- 
 sd ydn jUm-bo ton to give alms in order 
 to obtain praise of man. 2. forms nomina 
 (substantive) fr. verbal roots td-klak fr. 
 klak to be round, td-si fr. si; td-dam fr. 
 dam, see under the following roots: kam, 
 kal, kram, krydn, klak. Map, klep, klok; 
 
 9^ i9"), 9<^^> 9W^ 9^y 9^h 9^h 9^K gron, 
 gryuk; gryo{jn)\ ndl, no((); nyi; fit; nok; 
 pyet; hdk, bdt, bun, boii, bydn, hyup, byum, 
 bral, brum, blyon; fdl, fa, fan, fap, fur, 
 fai, fut, fup, fan, fyek, fyep; tsup, tsot; 
 ya; rd (rdm), rat, ram, ran, ral, rvl, rol, 
 
 ryiim, ryon; Id, Idn, la, lap, lam, lin. Urn, 
 lep, lo, lop, lydk, lyap, lyiim, lyun, lydn; 
 hd, hdk, hdp (hap, hiip), hryak, hryHk, 
 hlam, hlet, hid; van, vi; sd; si, M, sop; 
 dn, an, i; ayii, dyot; see under tiik-, tiin-, 
 tUn-, tiir-. — forms adverbs from verbal 
 roots td-at-td fr. at and particles see 
 under so, dydn, dya, dyo. II. reduplic. 
 of roots beginning with t, f, d see under 
 td, tdl, ta, tar, tal, tyd, tyol, tydl; fat, 
 far, ddt, ddr, da, dar, dUr, det, dydl, 
 dyixr, dydl. 
 
 ta- prefix (cfr. ti high, great) in td-lya 
 dd and td-lyan. 
 
 -ta postp. 1. see under -d, 2. verbal 
 postp. c. e: td-e of indefinite s. nun dyu 
 td-e compose it M.; c. -o expresses ne- 
 gation: it nyi-td-o it is not the custom 
 P.; td-se a-re zon-sd si-td-o T. the like 
 of whom was never seen P. ; go n6n-td-o 
 I will not go. 
 
 (ta) I. pronom. root "there": td-d, td-d, 
 td-a, td-o that, that there, td-o da-bo that 
 lying there; td-van thither, hither. 
 
 ta II. an emphat. particle as go td rdn 
 gum I am a L. td-lo id., ci td-h nyi 
 yes, here is marua P. 
 
 ta m. indef. particle, when affixed or 
 sometimes preceding vbs. it implies: how- 
 ever, notwithstanding, yet; h6 non td go 
 bam-so tho' you may go I shall remain; 
 ho sd-tet li go-run go mat td whatsoever 
 you say notwithstanding I shall do it. 
 
 ta, ta IV. solitary, alone: reduplic. td- 
 td vb. to be solitary, to be alone, to be 
 single, to be desolate; td-td-bo solitary, 
 a solitary p.; a desert; td-td-ld adv. soli- 
 tary; td-td-ld yan-yan-ld bam vb. to live 
 quite alone. 
 
 a-td, a-td adj. solitary, lonely, a-td-ka 
 nan to sit alone; U a-td a solitary house; 
 lyan a-td a lonely place; s. a desert, 
 a-td-ka in the wilderness J. 
 
 td, td-m vb. to bear, to endure, to suffer. 
 
116 
 
 ^td— ta-krdk 
 
 ta-krdk— ta-RSp 
 
 to be able to bear, to tolerate, to Tenture, 
 to dare o-re ro-wun-sd ayok go td-so 
 I will venture to perform that dangerous 
 duty, in cases of shame nu would be 
 used not td; stin-kar td pa to be able 
 to bear the pungency of the chillies; 
 md-td-ne to be unable to endure, to be 
 intolerable, go so-zdn md-td-ne I cannot 
 stand the cold, hu-sd rin md-td-ne his 
 language is intolerable, sak-cin md-td-ne 
 I cannot bear the thought; ndk md-td-ne 
 to hate; go hum ndk md-td-ne I cannot 
 bear the sight of him, I hate him. td- 
 wun-sd venturesome, endurance, daring. — 
 tdm-bo adj. a-lut tdm-bo intrepid, brave. 
 
 *t4 T. rtogs{-pa) or Itos vb. to under- 
 stand, to know, to comprehend, mik-td 
 or mik td T. mig-ltosf "to know from 
 having seen" ''experience" to understand 
 manners, to know the regulations of 
 politeness and ceremonies, mik-td bo to 
 give an example, a-yu-nun Id go-nun 
 a-yum mat re zon zuk-Mn-ka go -nun 
 a-yum mik td bo-fat for I have given you 
 an example, that ye should do as I have 
 done to you J. — mik-td nyim-bo s. one 
 having knowledge of laws of politeness, 
 conversant with the ways of court, a 
 courtier, see under to. 
 
 td-yd vb. to know. 
 
 *td incorr. for tii T. stu, in compos. 
 
 ta-kar adj. lustful, lascivious, ce-mo 
 td-kdr a lecherous whore. 
 
 ta-kup i. q. pd-kup q. v. 
 
 ta-ku s. the rice that remains in mortar. 
 
 ta-kdl s. a spec, of fern Asplenium 
 esculentum, td-kdl tun-krok; t.-k. bi the 
 same as vegetable. 
 
 ta-krdi s. the Sal- tree, Shorea robusta: 
 td-hrdl-kun ; td-krdl tHk-fyil s. a spec, of 
 large red ant. 
 
 ta-krf or tuk-krf kuri s. n. of tree, dan-sd 
 and hlo-sd. 
 
 ta-krdk and tun-krdk s. a fern spec. 
 Pilices the general name, but each 
 species having its own name, td-krdk s&r 
 fydr to vb. to make matting or basket 
 work after pattern of fern. 
 
 ta-krdk or tun-krdk ta-luk s. a spec. frog. 
 
 ta-kryup or tuk-kryiip rfk s. a spec, of 
 cowitch, Mucuna (purple flower); td- 
 kryup pot s. the pod, the seeds when 
 cooked are eaten after having their de- 
 leterious qualities washed out by soaking 
 in water; td-kryiip niin-dyen a. another 
 spec, of the c. ; td-kryiip miin-dyep s. a 
 spec, of small -seeded Cynoglossum (?); 
 tOk-kryup ban tUn-krok s. a spec, of fern; 
 td-kryiip bup "incrassated with cowitch" 
 a pig of fit size and fat for eating Tbr. 
 
 ta-kryuk or tuk-kryuk s. a toad, Bufo; 
 t.-kr. ban tUn-krok s. a spec, of fern; td- 
 kr. mik s. a leaf Tbr. 
 
 ta-kryul rfk s. a creeper, spec, of cowitch 
 (white flower) t.-kr. pot the seed of do. 
 eaten like td-kryOp-pdt. 
 
 ta-kryok explet. to pd-zdk. 
 
 ta-klf s. 1. bowels, entrails, guts; td- 
 kli klit vb. to clean entrails by drawing 
 them thro' fingers; td-kli hril 1. vb. to 
 embowel; 2. s. the mucus of entrails; 
 td-kli ton s. td-kli ton ddk the colic; Tbr. 
 barrenness td-kli wek bowels to yearn. 
 3. the string of the weights of a net 
 sun-li td-kli; 4. a creeper: td-kli rik; td- 
 kli (rik')-pdt sour fruit of do. used by the 
 Nepali's to stain their teeth. 
 
 ta-kliii-fo or tun-klin fo s. the wild fowl, 
 jungle-fowl, tUn-klin fo bH s. a jungle- 
 cock, tuii-klin-fo mot s. a jungle-hen; 
 kd-hryak tUn-klin the pheasant- fowl or 
 jungle-fowl; tUn-klin nydyn rik s. n. of 
 creeper. 
 
 ta-klun and tuh-kluii s. 1. the bottom of 
 any thing (as of box etc.), rom-sd t.-kl. 
 2. the private parts of man or woman. 
 
 ta-klok s. the noise made by clucking 
 tongue in mouth by drawing the tongue 
 back on roof of mouth and sending it 
 forcibly forwards, td-klok mat or td-klok 
 tak vb. to cluck with tongue; td-klok bi 
 s. dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 ta-Kdk and tuk-Kdk s. a long whistle in 
 relief after exertion, td-Mdk mat vb. to 
 give vent to that whistle. 
 
 ta-K^p: td-Kdp fat vb. to make a standing 
 
ta-Kdk— ta-gum 
 
 ta-go — ta-gryu 
 
 117 
 
 leap (forwards) as far as one can, td-Kdp 
 fat tse gydn to vie with each other who 
 can leap furtherst. 
 
 ta-Kdk s. a longing after forbidden food, 
 after women, td-K6k dak vb. to be affect- 
 ed with such desire; t.-lL fak to have 
 longing satisfied. 
 
 ta-gdn and tuh-gan s. a hukka, td-gdn 
 tdn Tb. to smoke a hukka, td-gdn p6t s. 
 a cocoanut, td-gdn (pot) kun a. a cocoa- 
 nut-tree; td-gdn fyak s. a chillam, td- 
 gdn fyak kat md-mdk-nd pa-ka a few 
 minutes ago. 
 
 ta-gak s. a snail's shell, a shell, tuk- 
 nom-sd td-gak s. the snail and shell; td- 
 gak mdn s. a spec, of millet. 
 
 ta-gap s. a spec, of flowered woven 
 cloth, td-gap dum s. flowered cloth. 
 
 ta-gum or tuii-gum s. the back, td-gum- 
 ka hw vb. to carry on back. — td-gum 
 uyuk vb. to turn backs to each other, as 
 things or person, to travel in opp. di- 
 rections. — td-gum mat or van vb. to 
 turn back, used in sense of to refuse, as 
 go-nun hum su yan-ld hu td-gum mat or 
 van I asked him for a thing, but he 
 turned his back: he refused me; td-gum 
 mat md-td-ne not to be able to leave 
 behind. — td-gum-ka in the absence of, 
 as md-rd td-gum-ka jan li vb. to speak 
 ill of one behind one's back (in his ab- 
 sence); — td-gum advly. or td-gum-ka or 
 td-gum-kon afterwards, after, the future; 
 behind td-gum-ka ndk-kd look to the 
 hereafter; hu non-nun-sd td-gum-ka after 
 he was gone, td-gum-ka com 1. to leave 
 behind, 2. to forsake, to depart from; 
 go-nun hum td-gum-ka cdm I have left 
 him behind; go -nun kd-su li-sd a-kicp 
 sdn td-gum cdm md-td-ne I cannot bear 
 to leave my home and children behind; 
 hu td-gum-kdn ham-nyi he has remained 
 behind; lyan a-gyap td-gum to ay at to 
 have left a long way behind, to have 
 come a long distance; td-gum ryak vb. 
 to follow after, to pursue. — bad, evil, 
 wicked i. opp. to kur-von q. v. Id-yo-sdn 
 re zdn td-gum-kon-ka md-l6m-mun do not 
 
 like the wicked walk in the paths of 
 evil; td-gum-sd sak-cin dydn-nd un kur- 
 v6n van-lun rum-ka nd-ld ndk-kd depart 
 from the ways of the wicked go to God 
 and meditating become righteous. 
 
 ta-go i. q. ta-go s. a jacket. 
 
 ta-gdn or tiin-gdh fo s. n. of a bird M. 
 
 ta-gyo s. an evil spirit, td-gyo ddk s. a 
 venereal ulcer, t.-gyo mun zdk vb. to 
 have ulcers, see td-gro. 
 
 ta-grak; fat td-grdk-fo Je. 475 "■phat- 
 tagrak-pho'' s. a spec, chat Niltava mac- 
 gregorii. 
 
 ta-grf s. a male, a man in opp. to td- 
 dyu {yu) a woman; male of any animal; 
 td-gri-lut-ka td-dyu sak-cin von-nun-re 
 md-ryu-ne it is not the part of a manly 
 man to pry into the thoughts of woman; 
 td-gri kiip s. a male child P.; td-gri mim 
 s. a widower; td-gri niim-vom s. a married 
 man, a benedict; td-gri vdn s. a batchelor, 
 an unmarried man. 
 
 td-gri bi), s. 1. a man, 2. a centipede, 
 Scolopendra, also contemptuously a vile 
 person, td-gri bu. mat vb. to act obscene- 
 ly, to commit sodomy; td-gri bu, jen s. a 
 centipede ho td-gri-bH jen kd-ka non a 
 a threatening expression: may you become 
 the portion of centipedes, may you die. 
 
 ta-gro i. q. kd-gro, ko-gro q. v. 
 
 ta-gro and tuk-gro s. n. of an evil spirit; 
 td-gro mun zdk to suffer fr. influence of 
 *.-pr., now the evil sp. of gonorrhea; 
 used indefinitely for evil spirits : mun-ma 
 td-gro tak-pu lyan so-fat-sdn giim-o will 
 be conveyed to the place of evil spirits P. 
 
 ta-grdn or tun-grori-bu s. n. of a spec, 
 of caterpillar. 
 
 ta-gryu s. 1. the cheek, 2. the crop or 
 craw of fowls, td-gryu cup hollow cheeks ; 
 td-gryu tdn plump cheeks; td-gryu sap 
 thin face; td-gryu sd-lyek-hyep i. q. kiir- 
 ddn kur-son rosy- cheeked; td-gryu dvn 
 vb. to puff out cheeks; td-gryu top vb. 
 to lean cheek on hand, td-gryu sup vb. 
 to swell as cheek from toothache, td-gryu 
 hydl-ld hydl-ld smooth soft cheek; td-gryu 
 hlep-ho contracted cheek as from illness. 
 
118 
 
 ta-gia— ta-jum 
 
 ta-nye rik — "la-nok" 
 
 ta-gIa or tuk-gla or tun-gla kun s. fam. 
 Malvaceae and Urticaceae, etc. t.-gla 
 kun hh-sd Kydia calycii^a, t.-gla k. dan- 
 sd Dicellostyles jujubifolia; td-gla a-yan 
 spec. Sponia. ace. Hooker 1, 315 "tukla" 
 Rottlera tinctoria. 
 
 ta-glah or tuk-glan or tun-gldn-kun s. 
 n. of a tree, Eugenia jambolana. 
 
 ta-glo, tuk-glo s. a spec. frog. 
 
 ta-gldt s. a small spec, of lizard; Tbr.: 
 naked. 
 
 ta-nak s. a spec, of small cicada. 
 
 ta-nram or tuk-nram kun s. a spec, of 
 soap-wort; t.-nr. dor s. a spec, boletus. 
 
 ta-nrem or tuk-nrem or tuii-nrem kun 
 s. a spec, of tree. 
 
 ta-jf, tuk-ji or tiin-ji 1. a tree: t.-ji kun 
 or sun-ji kun s. a tree bearing small 
 spec, of fig, Ficus confertiflora, tun-ji 
 pot the fruit of do., small but edible, 
 tun-ji sd-gok kun a different spec, of the 
 same ficus, the fruit a little larger than 
 the P. confertiflora: Ficus conglomerata, 
 tun-ji pd-yd kun another spec, of the 
 Ficus tree, leaves a little smaller than 
 the F. confertiflora; td-ji mik tap s. a very 
 young head of maize when grain is just 
 forming td-ji sd-dydt mik tap id.; see 
 pd-fyu m. f.; tun-bol hop m. (. 2. a spec, 
 of flsh no-tun-ji i. q. no-ji; 3. tun-ji pur- 
 ayam s. a shrew mole; 4. td-ji-fo, tur-ji- 
 fo, tdr-ji-fo s. crimsonwinged laughing 
 thrush Trochalopteron phoenicium; ace. 
 W. (K. 211) 'Har-zhi" Tr. subunicolor, 
 Tr. squamatum, Tr. nigrimentum Hho 
 t.-zM" Tr. affine. cfr. also Je. 2, 48 
 ^Hil-ji-pho" Trochalopteron phoenicium 
 and td-mol fo. 
 
 ta-jum and tuh-jum s. a spec, of wagtail 
 (blackfaced) t.-j.-fo Motacilla luzoniensis, 
 and may be applied to other species; 
 t.-j. fd-lyu s. ace. M. Je. 2, 218 id., ace. 
 W. (R. 219) M. leucopsis: white -facied 
 wagtail; — t.-j. mlyd tet so yii moderate 
 rdin just sufficient to efface the footprints 
 of the M. — tun-jum nyok s. a plant; 
 t.-j. mun dyep and t.-j. dyok rik s. a spec, 
 of creeper, Dieentra thalactrifolia. 
 
 ta-nye rik s. a spec, of Mucuna (a creeper), 
 M. macrocarpa. 
 
 ta-do (see da) pron. one's self, one's 
 own M. 44. td-do fdn one's own will; 
 td-do zon one's own people; td-do mya- 
 nun zuk zo to live by one's own talents; 
 td-do s6t-liin mak to die by one's own 
 hands, to commit suicide; td-do vun-ho 
 mat-lun lyan vun-re zdn si thro' one's 
 own turning round the country seems 
 to turn round; td-do mat md-cin-ne to 
 think of no one but one's self, to be 
 selfish; — td-do bdt-tUn of one's own 
 accord or self, td-do bot-tun a-cum cin 
 vb. to think meanly of one's self, td-do 
 bdt-tUn I6t Mn vb. to reproach one's self. 
 — td-do td-do each one's own. td-do 
 fdii td-do nyim-bo-ld 7nd-nyin-ne not to 
 be master of one's own wishes; td-do 
 duk td-do mat vb. to be the author of 
 one's own troubles. — td-do kd-ta-mH, 
 by one's self, alone, singly. — td-do-sd gen. 
 td-do-sd sak-cin-nUn thro' one's own re- 
 flection, of one's own accord. — td-do-ka 
 dat. td-do-ka md-nyin-nd Tnat vb. to ab- 
 negate ourself; td-do-ka sak-cin bam vb. 
 to be selfish; td-do-ka dyep mat li vb. to 
 scold one's self; td-do-ka a-cum mat li 
 vb. to speak humbly of one's self; td- 
 do-ka a-tim mat li vb. to boast. — td- 
 do-nun instr., td-do-nun mat-ba thro' one's 
 self, by one's own fault. — td-dom object., 
 td-dom li vb. to speak to one's self. 
 
 ta-dyufi s. the ventricle of stomach; td- 
 dyvn tim-bo one of great capacity for 
 eating or otherwise. td-dyun-kUp i. q. t.-d. 
 pUn-di diim sdr; td-dyun cot third stomach 
 of ruminating animals; t.-d. piin-di dum 
 sdr 2. the second stomach of do.; t.-d. 
 pum the junction of gullet and first 
 stomach; t.-do mo the chief or first 
 stomach of ruminating animals. 
 
 ta-dyol an exclam. of fear or when 
 startled o ta-dyol. 
 
 ta-no explet. to td-ayH, and td-sit\. 
 
 "ta-nok" ace. Vf. ta-nok s. a bird, a 
 spec, snipe, Gallinago nemoricola R. 209. 
 See also under td-hi and nok. 
 
''ta-pa— ta-mydii 
 
 ta-tson— ta-lf 
 
 119 
 
 *ta-pa or td-po (T. stod-pa praising, ex- 
 tolling) also td-bo s. praise, commendation. 
 td-pa or td-po or td-bo mat vt. to praise, 
 to commend J. go-nun hum td-bo mat-so 
 I will exalt him Ex. 
 
 ta-jiu or to-pu i. q. tuk-cim s. a measure 
 of about 1 lb. 
 
 ta-fu s. a spec, of creeper, Pothos de- 
 cursiva, used with the aconite to in- 
 tensify the activity of the poison also 
 after boiling used sometimes as a basis 
 for chi. 
 
 ta-fuk s. the abdomen, the lower part 
 of stomach, td-fuk kd-ydt i. q. td-dt Tbr. 
 
 ta-fur s. a spec, of beetle, ayit td-fur 
 Scarabaea coprophaga. 
 
 ta-fyep s. 1. a spec, gourd, a ladle, 
 2. a spec, bird, ace. W. con td-fyep 
 Suthora unicolor and Scaeorhynchus rufi- 
 ceps R. 210, acc.M. and Je. 2, 14 Gampso- 
 rhynchus rufulus. 
 
 *ta-bo i. q. td-pa. 
 
 ta-bon ace. W. "ta-bon: sok ta-bon" s. 
 a spec, of bird, Conostoma oemodium 
 R. 210. 
 
 ta-b6h s. a spec, of water-plant M. 
 
 ta-brik: un td-brik s. a spec, of bird, the 
 "brik brik" calling water-eater W. R. 206. 
 
 ta-mak, td-7nok, tuk-vfidk, tiin-mdk-fo etc. 
 s. a spec, bird, quail ace. W. '■HimoK^ 
 Turnix plumbipes R. 208; ace. Je. 3, 597 
 T. ocellatus. 
 
 ta-ma s. a spec, of midge M., sd-aydt- 
 td-ma. 
 
 ta-mft see dd-mit. 
 
 ta-mo s. a path Tbr.; td-mo td-li id.; 
 mun td-mo ten a confined, haunted road. 
 
 ta-mok i. q. td-mdk. 
 
 ia-mol-fo and tum-mol-fo s. applied to 
 several specc. of laughing thrush Garrulax 
 caerulatus, Trochalopteron subunicolor, 
 T. sqamatum. M. Je. 2, 14. 
 
 ta-mdr s. 1. -fo a spec, of bird, night- 
 jar, Caprimulgus indicus Je. 192, R. 205. 
 
 2. -tam-blyok s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 3. -zo s. a spec, rice, see tuk-mor. 
 ta-mydn incorr. for tam-yon q. v.; td- 
 
 myon kup s. a cat Tbr. 
 
 ta-tson s. a spec, of waterplant M. 
 
 ta-zdii pron.? the same? P. 
 
 ta-yak see td-ryok. 
 
 ta-rak num. T. drug six, td-rdk-bo the 
 sixth. 
 
 ta-raii s. a silvan spirit, the presiding 
 genius of forests fi-kun td-ran nyi-kun 
 nd-ran the forest-lord and lady. 
 
 ta-rik tek-fo s. a spec, of redstart, Ruti- 
 cilla, ace. W. "sm tik tik" R. frontalis 
 R. 217, ace. Je. 2, 141. '■Hak-tirri-n-phd" 
 id.; Hho ka-li ik-tik" ace. W. R. schisti- 
 ceps R. 217. 
 
 ta-riii-gin-fo s. a spec, of bird, ace. W. 
 ^'■tw-ring-ging'" Yuhinanigrimentum R. 21 3, 
 ace. Je. 2, 259 "turring-ging pho" Ixulus 
 occipitalis. 
 
 ta-rek-bu s. 1. a spec, of earthworm 
 (small), opp. pd-dun-bu large earthworm; 
 td-rek tuk-sol s. worms and lumbrici; ho 
 td-rek tuk-sol nun-nd-d may you become 
 as the worms (a malediction) also applied 
 with ban q. v. 2. obsc. Tbr. penis. 
 
 ta-rel s. 1. the lower part of outside- 
 wall of house li td-rel. 2. a spec, cicada: 
 pon td-rel. 
 
 ta-rd 1. s. i. q. to-rd a napkin, 2. s. the 
 two side-beams of a loom. 
 
 ta-rdl rik s. n. of a creeper, Spatholobus 
 Roxburghii. 
 
 ta-ryak and ta-ryal see td-rek, td-rel. 
 
 ta-ryan gi s. a prawn, a shrimp, td-ryan 
 gi fok vb. the shell of do. 
 
 la-ryok-fo s. the blue-horned pheasant, 
 the monaul, Ceriornis satyra R. 208; Je. 
 3, 516; ryu-lat-re td-ryok-fo zon provly. 
 goodness equal to the t. M. 
 
 ta-ryon: sun-kar t.-r. the round birds- 
 eye capsicum; td-ryon round? 
 
 ta-rydk ta-yak-fo s. rufous-bellied fairy 
 blue chat, Mltava sundara. 
 
 ta-rydn dor s. a spec, of tree -fungus 
 (edible), perhaps the same as tiir-nyon; 
 td-ryon dor-bi. 
 
 ta-la see under td-hi. 
 
 ta-lin s. td-lin fo a spec, of bird, 
 Graucalus macei R. 215; Je. 417. 
 
 ta-lf 1. s. a waistcloth, undercoat. 
 
120 
 
 ta-lf— ta-lyan 
 
 ta-lyaA 
 
 ta-lf 2. I. s. a shovel, a spoon; td-li 
 pd-h6n-ld a percolated spoon; td-U-sd ok 
 (zo) \h. to eat with sp.; td-li kdl vb. 
 litly. to insert a spoon into; to have a 
 stitch in side as from running Tbr. 
 II. an oar; P. nd-var td-li-nun md-Kun- 
 niin a ship, which cannot be propelled 
 by oars. — td-li dor s. a tree-fungus 
 (edible). 
 
 ta-lf 3. explet. to tok q. v. 
 
 ta-luk s. a frog, the common water- 
 spec, td-luk fak s. a dried frog for eat- 
 ing, td-luk fak-re zon like a dried frog 
 a person very thin and dried up. td-Uk 
 td-lydk s. "like patches of frog" small 
 patches as of cultivation, pools of water; 
 td-luk td-lydk gun da small patches of 
 void or barren places. — td-liik tup s. 
 "humerus of frog" a plant, spec, of 
 Ophiorrhiza Tbr. 
 
 ta-lu s. a mat, ci hryot td-lu a mat on 
 which chi is spread out to cool; td-lu 
 Ml vb. to roll mat, s. a roll of matting; 
 td-lu fydr vb. to work m.; td-lu fydl s. 
 the finishing of m.; td-lu a-sor plaited 
 matting; td-lu fi a small m. for sitting 
 on; a piece of matting; td-lu ml a long 
 m.; td-lu um a short, a small m. 
 
 ta-lo see under td II. 
 
 ta-lo, ta-io-la accidentally, see under sak. 
 
 ta-ldn incorr. f. tdr-lon. 
 
 ta-ldm s. the name of place on banks 
 of the rii-mom; td-lom-mo s. the inhabi- 
 tants of that place, 2. a cow Tbr. M. 131. 
 
 ta-lya s. the joists of floor li td-lyd; 
 t.-l.-sd tUn-krom s. the joists and flooring; 
 t.-l. ndk upper smooth joists over which 
 flooring is placed. 
 
 ta-lya or ta-lya da s. the water under 
 earth, opp. to mvr-nyo the waters upon 
 the earth; J. Buddh. Text Soc. 4, Ap- 
 pendix 5. td-lyd sUn-vo s. the vast deeps, 
 t.-l. s.-vo ^uk-kun pldm-bo-wo o thou who 
 proceeds from the bowels of the earth. 
 
 ta-lya i. q. td-lyo q. v. 
 
 ta-lyaii s. "the high place", the sky, 
 the firmament, the heavens; atmosphere, 
 td-lyan kor s. the expanse of heaven 
 
 td-lyan kor piip fat den tin (whose ma- 
 jesty) covers the expanse of heaven and 
 overspreads the earthly tabernacle (a 
 flattering speach to great men); td-lydn- 
 nun md-ziX md-nydt-ne a-rin tyo (^Td-se) 
 hears the prayers tho' his person be not 
 manifest; td-lyan fo a-sdm un no a-sam 
 zdn innocent as the birds of the air and 
 the fishes of the sea; td-lyan-sd fyek s. 
 the confines, the end of heaven?; td-lyan 
 sap s. the surface of sky, space of above 
 the clouds; td-lyan sdp-ka lam to fly high 
 in the air; in P. i. q. T. mMa-gro Skt. 
 khecara, ddkka, ddkini; — the state of 
 weather, td-lyan nydt-bo s. a barometer; 
 
 — td-lyan mlem s. the face of the sky; 
 td-lyan mlem-ydm-bo s. an astrologer; — 
 td-lyan tsat the weather, state of atmo- 
 sphere, td-lyan tsat ndk-bo a meteorologist, 
 t.-l. ts. ndk-sd co a book on meteorology; 
 
 — td-lyan lut s. the state of atmosphere 
 or the atmosphere itself, td-lyan Mt 
 fyak-bo a meteorologist, a weatherwise; 
 t.-l. lut nydt-bo a barometer. — td-lyan 
 lom s. the state of sky, the weather, the 
 appearance of the heavens, astrology, 
 td-lyan I6m ndk vb. to look towards the 
 sky, to consider the state of weather; 
 td-lyan so s. rain-water, the weather, 
 td-lyan so-ka dydm md-nyin-ne there is 
 no judging of the weather; td-lyan so yu 
 to rain; — td-lyan mo s. the sun Tbr., 
 td-lyan mo zdk vb. to have stroke of the 
 sun. — td-lyan mun s. the evil spirit of 
 the air (heavens), td-lyan mun zdk vb. 
 to be struck by the sun, sunstroke, moon- 
 stroke. — 2. above ground, kd-nydn sd 
 la-biik td-lyan pld hron-non the young 
 sprouts of turnips and radishes have 
 appeared above ground, see td-lyon; — 
 3. high, noble, important like the heavens, 
 universal, free, great, td-lyan zdn; td-lyan 
 nydt see nyot, s. 1. an extensive culti- 
 vation; 2. the service of the great; 3. a 
 great work, the works of nature, nature 
 (itself), sd-tsuk Id-vo-sd td-lyan nydt to 
 diin Ku te who can enumerate all the 
 numerous requirements of state? riim-sd 
 
ta-lyaii bu— ta-son 
 
 td-lyan nyot s. the service of God, also 
 the wonders, the wonderful works of G. 
 Chr.; a-liit td-lyan dok to, be great of 
 mind, noble, magnanimous. 
 
 ta-lyan bu s. a spec, of blind worm: it 
 is said to convey itself into the tails of 
 cows to render them brittle. 
 
 ta-lyam s. a spec, of wasp. 
 
 ta-lyo s. a spec, of yellow wasp i. q. 
 td-lyd. 
 
 ta-lyoii s. the young blades, which appear 
 above ground, of corn, rice. See juk. 
 
 ta-lydn s. porch, td-lyon fd-no nyim-bo 
 having five porches J. 
 
 tS'^dn i. q. td-bon q. y. 
 
 ta-hf s. a crab, Telphusa Hooker II, 7, 
 a cancer; td-hi-(sa) (a-')g6n the claw of 
 a crab; td-hi run-gdn id.; td-hi run-gdh- 
 ka pyit-non "to be caught in claws of 
 crab" means to have fallen in difficulty, 
 got into work where there is no ending 
 Tbr. td-hi z6n 16m vb. to walk like a 
 crab; td-hi fo zal muk s. n. of plant; td- 
 hi fok s. the shell of a crab ; td-hi pHl- 
 dyon ffiuk s. n. of plant; td-hi fon s. a 
 piece of cloth worn on privities; td-hi 
 nydm s. scald-head. — td-nok td-hi s. a 
 spec, of black crab; td-la td-hi s. a spec, 
 of red crab. 
 
 ta-hu s. a spec, of grain, two specc. : 
 td-hii nok and dum M. 
 
 ta-hril, tHk-hril, tUn-hril-kun s. a tree 
 t.-hr. kun-mo s. a spec, of Rhus? t.-hr. 
 kun klip or nyok s. Clausena Wildenovii. 
 
 ta-hryum, tHk-hryUm s. (see hryiik, td- 
 hryuli) name of very small fish, said to 
 swim towards you if whistled to; t.-hr. 
 muk or hru s. a plant used as poison 
 for fish; t.-hr. hdk tet mydn to be partly 
 cooked to about the size of the stomach 
 of t.-hr.; td-hryUm dor s. a spec, of 
 boletus (edible) td-hryum sdk ndk-bo s. 
 applied to several specc. of the family 
 of Distylidae. M. 
 
 ta-siii blu ace. W. '■'■ta-sing blii" n. pr. 
 of a mountain W. 65. 
 
 la-son ace. W. '■Ha-song" s. a bird, robin, 
 Janthia indica R. 217. 
 
 ta-s6 fo— tak, tdk 
 
 121 
 
 ta-sd fo s. applied to several of the tit 
 species e. c. the black tit Lophophanes 
 beavani R. 210 (ace. Je. "Afo ta-so"), the 
 yellow-faced crested tit, Machlolophus 
 xanthogenys M. also a spec, flowerpecker, 
 Melanochlora sultanea R. 213. 
 
 *ta-Si T. bkrd-sis Skt. mahgala, *td-si 
 ku-yi gum-bo s. n. of a bird, Sitta formosa 
 R. 214. "td-si on be-u" ace. W. "■tashi-on- 
 bdu" the glorious bau, Chrysolaptes sulta- 
 neus: a spec, woodpecker R. 206; a-ce. 
 M. td-se wom-bo fo CHtishi-warm-bo-pho" 
 J. 281) id. 
 
 ta-Sin (or tUn-sin) td-no dd s. the name 
 of a lake in nun-ydn the land of the de- 
 parted spirits ; the lake of life and death. 
 
 ta-Se L. n. of Padmasambhava, T. pad- 
 ma- byun-gnds or u-rgyan pad-ma, see 
 A. Waddell, Buddhism in Tibet 24—32, 
 379—884, 542, Gazetteer of Sikhim 244ff. ; 
 Graham Sandberg, Handbook of colloquial 
 Tibetan 201 ff.; Koppen H, 68 ff., Schlag- 
 intweit. Buddhism 67 ff.; td-se tuk-bo (in 
 id. T. slob-dpon padma 'byun-gnas Skt. 
 mahdcdrya padmasambhava; td-se- nv,n 
 rirni ayit niim-sim-nyo ayit lyan dyit un 
 uyit gvtn-pda dyit T. created good spirits, 
 man, the earth, the water, he created 
 every thing; td-se bon-mdt s. litly. the 
 mustache of T. n. of spec, of grass. — 
 td-se sun s. Ta-se's history, see T'oung- 
 Pao, Leiden 1896, 526 ff. 
 
 See also under td-si. 
 
 ta-ut s. n. of a bird. Pitta nepalensis 
 R. 220; acc.M. td-dyut-fo i. q. kHr-dydt-fo. 
 
 ta-dl-fo s. the grey-sided thrush M. ace. 
 Je. 2, 40 "ol-pho" Garrulax moniliger, 
 2, 39 G. leucolophus. 
 
 tak, tak I. s. what comes first, the first, 
 the summit, adj. immediate; lik-ba tak 
 (am-bo-re ryu when called the first, who 
 answers, he is good; li tak tit-bo-re the 
 first house you reach. — tdk-ld adv. prompt- 
 ly, immediately, at once, tdk-ld non vb. 
 to go at once; tdk-kd tdk-kd id., tdk-kd 
 tdk-kd li i. q. md-don-nd mat li vb. to 
 speak promptly; tak-kd tdk-kd or tHk-kd 
 tdk-kd or tuk-tdk-ld or tUn-tdk-ld adv. 
 
122 
 
 tak— *tan 
 
 tan-kii— *tdn 
 
 quickly; nn tuk-tdk-ld lyot U vb. to answer 
 promptly. 
 
 tSk 11. see under tap. 
 
 iiV. ni. tdk tdk onom. picking as bird 
 hik tdk tdk zo. 
 
 tak-t4 kun s. n. of tree, Heynea trijuga. 
 
 tak-tsak s. a spec, of reed-grass; t.-ts. 
 tsdn an arrow made of this reed. 
 
 *tak-tsu T. tok-tse s. a hoe, a mattock, 
 tdk-tsw kryok vb. to hoe, to dig with 
 mattock, tdh-tsii lun s. the eye of hoe. 
 
 tan emph. all [T. dan?^ zum-lun tan dar- 
 mit a collection of all the goddesses M. 
 
 t^n, a-tin s. a large, corpulent male, 
 applied chiefly to pigs, dogs and cats, 
 mdn tdn s. a large boar cfr. gu. 
 
 tan vb. to he thick as anything (cloth, 
 paper etc.); to be plump, a-tdn adj. 
 
 1. thick (as cloth, plants, board etc.), li- 
 mp tan thick thatch. 2. often, frequently. 
 
 tan, a-tan s. the roe of male fish; the 
 milt; the sperma genitale of all small 
 animals as snakes, insects, birds of every 
 size. 
 
 tan, a-tafi s. (ace. M. fr. T. dm a pro- 
 fundity, an abyss) all country below the 
 source of springs or rivers sd-lol-ld un 
 kon non a-tdn U; waterflow, the increase 
 of rivers as they flow un ti a-tdn lo-ld 
 non; un-kyon tdn or uh tan the course 
 of the stream P.; the lower direction 
 nyot tdn the lower end of field in hills. 
 
 tdn-dek s. 1. the bottomless pit (L. 
 myth.) the regions below td-lyd dd; tdn- 
 dek sd-hor Jit nan-bo Tbr.: the pa-zdk 
 yam (buF); — tdn-dek hik-hv, s. the cock, 
 that fought with miir-nyo-bH the serpent, 
 who leads the running streams from td- 
 lyd dd; tdn-dek hik-bH-sd tyak s. a spec, 
 of ground-fungus; tdn-dek hik-bii dor s. 
 a spec, of mushroom (not edible); tdn-dek 
 hik-bv, rip s. the pitcher-plant, Ascidium; 
 
 2. Remusatia vivipara. 
 
 *tan adj. void, empty, incorr.for ton q.v. 
 
 *tan num. thousand, inoorr. f. ton q.v. 
 
 *tah vb. fr. T. gton{-ba^?: td-bon tdn 
 vb. to have confidence in; a-liit tdn vb. 
 to trust in. 
 
 tan-ku i. q. tom-ku q. v. 
 
 tan-klin s. ace. W. '■Hang-kling'" s. Gallus 
 ferugineus. R. 208. 
 
 *tan-gok see tdn-gdk s. a gown worn 
 by priests. 
 
 taii-glu i. q. tun-ghi. 
 
 tan-tin s. a sort of small gong; tdn-tin 
 buk vb. to beat a small g., tdn-tin vyaii 
 ace. W. '■'■tong-ting vyang' s. Cuculus 
 striatus R. 207. 
 
 tan-tek s. a cup formed of bamboo. 
 
 tan-ddt s. pride, tdn-ddt mat vb. to be 
 proud. 
 
 tan-den s. an inferior priest P. 
 
 tan-pum s. ace. W. "-tang-puTrC a spec, 
 owlet Glaucidium cuculoides R. 205. 
 
 tan-bo see z6 ron-mo tdn-bo. 
 
 tan-vit s. n. of insect, t.-v. bik. 
 
 tan-§ini s. ace. W. '■Hong-zhim" a spec, 
 tree-pipit, Anthus maculatus R. 219. 
 
 *tdt T. stod(-pa) vb. t. to praise, to 
 compliment, to laud, to flatter; tdt-tuu-sd 
 rin s. complimentary language. 
 
 a-tdt s. complimentary phrases, flattery, 
 rin a-tdt flattering language, a-tdt mat 
 vb. to compliment, to flatter. 
 
 tdt: tdt-td tdt-td and tdt-td tdt adv. 
 tdt-td tdt li vb. to have an astringent taste. 
 
 tat tak-tak ace. W. 'Hat-t. t" i. q. fat 
 td-grak-fo Je. 475 a spec, fairy blue chat 
 Niltava macgregorii (R. 216). 
 
 tan vb. to shrink, as cloth etc. dum 
 tdn non. 
 
 *tcin also tiin esply. in comp., T. don 
 1. sense, meaning, signification, tdn pap 
 byi vb. to explain the meaning, to inter- 
 pret; tdn mat vb. to comprehend, tdn 
 mat-td-o know, understand; — 2. cause, 
 reason, motive; tdn ndk vb. to regard 
 the motive; tdn si vb. to perceive the 
 motive; tdn a-re-niin on this account, 
 for this reason; — 3. use, profit, see tdn 
 ddk, tdn met T. don med without a cause, 
 insignificant, useless; hd-yum rin tdn met 
 nydn md-kon-niin-o let them not regard 
 vain words. Ex. — 4. claim, title, pre- 
 tension; kd-su-ka m tdn-ld md-nyin-ne 
 you have no claim on me. 
 
*tan— *tdn 
 
 Comp. *tdn-cen T. don-can significant, 
 rational, tdn-cen-nun by reason of, pur- 
 posely; *tdn-cen T. don-cen, fdn-cen-Tiun 
 
 1. with great object of reason, tdn-cen- 
 nun mat-ba on account of important 
 matter; 2. advly. especially; tdn-nyim-bo 
 adj. 1. significant, rational, reasonable, 
 
 2. useful, profitable, tdn md-nyin-nvn-(ha) 
 without meaning, causeless, tdn md-nyin- 
 nun-sd rin s. nonsense; — *tdn-ddk T. don- 
 dag s. motive, object, sake, account, tdn- 
 ddk(-ka) also tun-ddk(-ka) advly. on 
 account of, for the sake of, a-do tdn- 
 dok-ka for your cause, for your sake; 
 a-do pon tdn-ddk-ka for your advantage; 
 su tdn-ddk-ka for what object, purpose, 
 why, wherefore; m tdn-dok-nitn id.; to 
 tdn-ddk-ka for whose sake, on whose 
 account; tdn-ddk nyim-bo adj. possessing 
 an object, useful, td-do tdn-ddk kd-ta 
 sak-cin nyim-bo a selfish person; to-ld do 
 do-sd tdn-ddk-ka rum ka-yu gun-nd-sd 
 tdn-ddk-ka every man for himself God 
 for us all; tdn-ddk ndk vb. to perceive 
 the motive; tdn-ddk mat vb. to assist, to 
 benefit, to help, tdn-ddk li or tdn li or 
 tdn-tdm li vb. to speak in earnest; tdn-ddk 
 md-nyin-ne without any object, useless. 
 
 tdn to vb. to learn by experience, to 
 obtain knowledge or experience by suffer- 
 ings, M tdn to-non he has gained ex- 
 perience by his sufferings; tdn-to tdn-ti 
 id. ; tdn-to tdn-ti-wun-sd Ke-bo one having 
 gained experience by his sufferings, tdn 
 to-ld m.at-td i. q. ko nyi-ld mat-td under- 
 stand, know; a-re den-tsuk yuk-pdn-nim 
 md-rd to-ld tdn to-ld mat-td-o or ko nyi-ld 
 mat-td-o know all men by these presents. 
 
 *tcin T. ston{-mo) s. the same as tdm- 
 bo, but the Lepcha's use tdm-bo for joy- 
 ful occasions, whereas tdii they use for 
 "funeral feast"; tdn mat vb. to give a 
 funeral feast. 
 
 *tdn possbly. T. ston(-pa) vb. to show; 
 cet tdn 1. vb. to put forth i. e. to show 
 strength; 2. s. power, might, virtue; riim- 
 sd cet tdn the power of God, cet tdn-lvi'i 
 uyok mat to do work with vigour. 
 
 *ian-gak— tar, tdr 
 
 123 
 
 '^tdn-gak T. stod-gag s. a priests officiat- 
 ing garment. 
 
 tap see tap. 
 
 tap vb. 1. to sip very little, to take a 
 small sip; 2. to touch very lightly (as 
 with finger), to support anything lightly; 
 3. also to set, to catch water which drops 
 or flows very lightly; tdp-fo i. q. tdk-(o 
 i. q. tsdk-fo to catch water when it flows 
 forcibly. 
 
 tap see (un) tndr ti tdp-fo ace. W. 
 mdr ti tap "the buttercapped" a spec, 
 redstart. R. 217. 
 
 tam, a-tdm adj. occasional, a-tdm a-tdm 
 adv. occasionally; a-tdm a-tdm non to go 
 occasionally. 
 
 *tam-bo T. ston-mo s. a banquet, a feast, 
 entertainment, J. tdm-bo sd-dyak or sd- 
 nyum s. a feast-day, a festival day, t.-bo 
 kydp vb. to hold a festivity, to entertain, 
 see tdn. 
 
 tar, tcir also tur 1. vb. to support i. q. 
 top. — piin-tdr s. a prop, a support. 
 
 2. *tdr T. dar (-ba to be propagated, 
 diffused) a) to prosper, to prosper in 
 business, to increase (family), to flourish, 
 to succeed dyok-ka tdr to prosper in 
 business; num-lyen fd-lyen tdr-non young- 
 people to grow up and thrive, b) to 
 excel, to be preeminent; kat-sd ka tdr 
 one to excel or to be superior to the 
 other. 
 
 tdr-nyon s. brightness, splendour. 
 
 *tdr-l6n T. dar-rlans s. luminous rarifled 
 vapour that rises from damp ground, when 
 rarifled by sun's rays; the red rays of 
 rising or setting sun; — expletive to 
 tdr-bu q. v. 
 
 tdr-bdn and tixr-boh s. the glittering of 
 the sun's ray's on water, t.-b. lyop the 
 rays to glitter (move) on the surface of 
 water. 
 
 tdr-TH&m and tHr-mom s. fog, haze, 
 t.-m. rut haze to gather together, to over- 
 spread the land. 
 
 pmi-tdr s. 1. shoots, sprouts po pun- 
 tdr shoots of bamboo, 2. prospering, 
 prosperity, success. 
 
124 
 
 tar— ia 
 
 *ta— tak 
 
 tar i. q. tdr-bum s. a small sort of b^U, 
 larger than tar-ji a small kind of bell 
 worn as ornament, t.-j. rya s. a string 
 of *.-/ bells worn as ornament. 
 
 tar-bu see tur-bu s. 
 
 tal, td-tdl see td-tal under ta. 
 
 tdl vb. 1. to take away or off as pot 
 off fire; 2. to dismiss (from presence), 
 to discharge (from service), to send away. 
 
 -ta see under -a. 
 
 ta 1. adv. above there, up there; — 
 ta-d (or tor), to-a, ta-t'an, ta-ba id. M. 73. 
 — ta-re there above; ta-re re the one 
 there above. — ta-lem kon above there, 
 in that direction. — ta-lon kon in the 
 direction there above. — ta-lom as it is 
 there above. 
 
 tal (fr. ta-ld) adv. up, above; tal din 
 myil nan to stand up and sit down; t. d. 
 m. n. md-nyin-ne means to have no means 
 whatsoever (nothing to stand on), tal 
 van 1. q. tal-ld van. 
 
 tal- Id adv. up, above, kd-ti-sd tal-ld 
 upwards of ten; tal-ld riim-lyan-ka in 
 heaven above; tal-ld ndk vb. to look up- 
 wards, to aspire; tal-ld din vb. to stand 
 up; tal-ld mat vb. to exalt, to lift up, 
 tn.-nun lyan a-td-ka bu-rem tal-ld mat re 
 zon as M. lifted up the serpent in the 
 wilderness J. tal-ld myil-ld above and 
 below, (little and great etc.), tal-ld md- 
 krok-ne myil-ld md-jdn-ne neither to be 
 very good or very bad, tal-ld ndk td-lyan 
 myil(^-la) ndk fdt consider the things of 
 heaven above and the earth beneath, 
 said also when one is lost in amazement 
 or totally unable to comprehend having 
 tried every, and cannot find it out; tal- 
 ld myil-ld cin-bo s. one who considers a 
 thing in all its bearings. — tal-ld van adv. 
 upwards, tal-ld van ndk vb. to look up- 
 wards, tal-ld tyok vb. to fling upwards. — 
 tal-ld tal-ld high above, upwards, tal-ld 
 tal-ld non vb. to go upwards, to proceed in 
 an explored direction, to improve ; see tul. 
 
 redupl. td-ta-bo adj. td-ta-ld adv. having 
 large head or top as person or thing, 
 high, high up. 
 
 *ta T. rta s. a horse, ta-ka a h.-shoe; 
 ta-c6k T. rta-lcag s. a horse-whip, a whip; 
 ta-mel s. id.; ta-pdn T.rta-dpon s. a groom, 
 a horsekeeper; ta-cd s. horse's food, grain. 
 
 *ta T. rtags, see also td, s. a sign, a 
 token, a characteristic mark. *ta-kd 
 T. rtags-skyes (a child of shame) s. "a 
 woman's token", a bastard; pun-ron 
 mdn-ka ta-kd fo-fat-md-o the blowfly has 
 laid its maggots ("bastards") in the meat. 
 
 *ta-go fr. T. stod and gos? a. a jacket, 
 jerkin, ta-go kon s. the collar of do.; 
 ta-go 6t vb. to take off do., ta-go suk 
 vb. to put on do. 
 
 *ta-gy6n for da-gyon T. mda-rgyah s. a 
 bow-shot-distance, used also by Lepcha's 
 for "gun-shot-distance". 
 
 ta-pyet i. q. tak-pyet. 
 
 *ta-bdk T. ta-bag s. a plate, a platter, 
 a dish. 
 
 *ta-zik, ta-zuk T. sta-gzig, ta-zig n. pr. 
 Persia, a Persian, ta-zik-bo or ta-zik-mo 
 s. a Persian. M. 
 
 ta-zd s. a crown? M. 
 
 ta-rd s. a towel, napkin, see to-ro. 
 
 *ta-le la-ma T. ta-ldi bla-ma; ta-le la- 
 ma kun s. the palm-tree, Livistona ro- 
 tundifolia, also Licuala peltata, ace. M. 
 fr. Skt. tdla. 
 
 *ta-Iok T. lta~log s. opposition, as to 
 authority, insurrection, rebellion, ta-hk 
 mat vb. to rise in opp. to an authority, 
 to oppose, to rebel. 
 
 ta-wa ace. W. "ta-wa" brown, hlo ta-wa 
 s. n. pr. of a bird, Nucifraga hemispila 
 R. 210. 
 
 *ta-WO cdk T. Ita-bu Icdg "after the 
 manner of a whip" caustic, sarcastic, 
 malicious, malevolent, t.-wo cdk mat vb. 
 to be malicious, to prosecute, to harrass. 
 
 tak I. s. 1. a spot, tak-kd adv. spotted, 
 sur-vo-niin tak-kd kat mat to make one 
 spot with charcoal; — tak-kd tak-kd spotted 
 as leopard, anything; tak-kd tak-kd lydp 
 vb. to be bespattered with spots, as of 
 mud etc. — tiik-kd tak-kd spotted, here 
 and there, tuk-kd tak-kd diim a spotted 
 cloth, tuk-kd tak-kd md-zu-ka pld spots 
 
*tak— *tat 
 
 to come out on body; so tiik-kd tak-kd yu 
 rain fall in drops. — pur-tak-ld variegat- 
 ed, spotted, as tiger etc. 
 
 2. the sound of tak; vmk-po-nun a-bon- 
 ka tak tak mat the owl claps its jaws 
 together. — tak-ka tak-ka the sound of 
 tak tak; tak-ka td-kd id.; a-fo tak-ka td- 
 kd mat vb. to make such a sound with 
 teeth; tak-ka tak-ka zok vb. to fall in 
 drops (as blood etc.). 
 
 *tak n. T. brtag{-pa) vb. t. to examine, 
 investigate, see also tok. *tak-pyet l.brtag- 
 dpyed s. investigation, tak-pyet mat vb. to 
 investigate, to examine; generally pro- 
 nounced: ta-pyet. — *tak-sik T. brtag sig 
 (an examining or a thing examined or 
 proved) correct, accurate, definite; tak- 
 sik kat a definite positive thing, tak-sik 
 kat md-fyo-nd tydt go md-ndn-nd so until 
 I hear something definite or positive I 
 will not go ; t.-s. mat vb. to be accurate. 
 tak ni., tuk-tak-kd adv. right thro', 
 t.-t.-kd tydt vb. to cut right through. 
 
 tan vb. to bind together, as separate 
 articles, to fasten together, zo cet tan vb. 
 to bind sheaf, rip tan 1. vb. to bind 
 flowers together, 2. s. a nosegay. 
 
 a-tan s. a bundle of wood, canes etc., 
 kd-tan (see kd, kd) a handful. — sd-tan- 
 Id adv. puffed out, as stomach. 
 
 taii-ko s. a plate of worked pd-li q. v., 
 finely plaited basket-work. 
 
 taii-kd s. appetite, tan-kd luk vb. to 
 have appetite; tan-kd cet vb. to lose 
 appetite; t.-ko md-nyin-ne to have no a. 
 *tan-tse T. sfew-? s. an overdress. 
 *tari-tSan T. dan-tsan s. pureness, 
 soundness, purity, salubrity, tan-tsan li 
 vb. to feel well; t.-tn. tson vb. 1. to be 
 in good, perfect health, 2. to be fine, as 
 weather, clean, clear. 
 
 *tat 1. T. gtod{-pa) vb. t. to give, to 
 entrust, to commit to, or to be entrusted 
 with, tat Aydt adj. entrusted with; tat byi 
 vb. to give into charge, to trust, a-bo- 
 nun a-kwp-rem go-lun fam gun-nd hu kd- 
 ka tat byi the father loveth the son, and 
 has given all things into his hand J. — 
 
 tat— *tam 
 
 125 
 
 to expose, to betray, su go yo gdii M- 
 nun hu-do-mUm tat-byi-mm-bo-rem (yak 
 tan ... for he knew who should betray 
 him J. — tat byin md-Jcun-ne cannot 
 trust him. 
 
 tat 2., a-tat adj. notched, cut in notches 
 like a saw. 
 
 tat 3., a-tat i. q. tet, a-tet or tyet, a-tyet 
 etc., KH tat to the utmost of one's ability. 
 
 tan 1. vb. to be short, small, tan-Id 
 adv. shortly, briefly, tan-Id U vb. to speak 
 briefly, concisely; to be too small, td-go 
 tan-non the jacket has become too short. 
 
 — tan-Id zuk i. q. tan byi vb. to shorten. 
 
 — tan-bo-re s. the short one. — a-tan adj. 
 small, short, a-tan zuk make it shorter. 
 
 tan 2., a-tan s. a butcher's block: san- 
 tan or kun-tan. 
 
 tap 1. s. a sort of trap, for catching 
 pheasants and other birds; tap-pon (or 
 pan) id.; tap sak vb. to set the noose- 
 trap. 
 
 tap 2. T. kd tap s. the fist. 
 
 tap 3. s. an inferior mww: man-tap. 
 
 *tap-nyan or tap-nyen T. gtam-snyan s. 
 grace, t.-ny. co vb. to be pleased, to be 
 gracious. 
 
 tam 1. ace. W. 65 cut away, truncated. 
 
 tam 2. plain W. 65, suk-dum tam s. the 
 surface of earth. 
 
 Comp. tam-bdk s. flatheaded, as arrow; 
 li tam-bdk a flat-roofed house, tson t.-bok 
 a flat-headed arrow, tam-bdk muk s. a 
 spec, of plant; tam-bdk sop s: a spec, of 
 tUn-brap. 
 
 Deriv. pd-tam, pur-tam s. a level sur- 
 face, a plain, T. snyoms-pa P. 
 
 *tam 3. T. gtam s. a word, a speach. 
 
 *tani 4. T. dam "bound, fast; promise, 
 vow", *tam-tsvk T. dam-tsig s. a vow, a 
 sacrament, a vow to lead a pure life. 
 a-vo a-yu-ka tam-tmk-nun hydk ndn hus- 
 band and wife are bound together by 
 holy vows; tam-tiCik nan-Id to vb. to keep 
 vow faithfully ; tam - tmk nydm vb. to 
 break vow, to perjure, tam-nydm-bo (T. 
 dam nyams-pa) s. a perjurer, tam-tiuk 
 ryak vb. to take a vow, to swear, to 
 
126 
 
 tam-ku— tar 
 
 "tar— tf 
 
 promise, tam-tmk lyot vb. to release one 
 from TOW. — See dom, dam and yi-dom, 
 yi-dam. 
 
 tam-ku i. q. tom-ku. 
 
 tam-c&t s. offerings M. 
 
 tam-pu s. a small shell, a cowrie, 
 Cypraea moneta. 
 
 tam-pu cen zo s. a spec, zo (rice) q. t. 
 
 *tam-bo T. dam-po adj. exact, strict, 
 chaste, tam-bo mat-bo s. a strict, chaste, 
 upright person. 
 
 tam-bdk kd-la s. a spec, tun-brap, see 
 tarn 2. 
 
 tam-bly6k incorr. for tam-, see blydk. 
 
 tam-ydii s. a supervisor of fields, etc.; 
 a steward. 
 
 tam-ldn (ace. M. T. dam-lans) n. pr. of 
 the hill, on which the capital of Sikhim 
 is built; t.-l. gri the palace of t. called 
 also on du tsu the pinacle of accumulat- 
 ed power. 
 
 tam-saii (ace. M. T. dam-sans) n. pr. of 
 hill in Sikhim towards -pru; t.-s.-mo an 
 inhabitant of t. 
 
 tam-f s. 1. the generic name for para- 
 site plants, such as Viscum, Loranthus, 
 Thesium, etc.; tam-i-je Dendrobium pie- 
 rardi. 2. beautiful golden colour, tam-i 
 niim-dak s. a spec, of bird, drongo; 
 tam-i bu s. n. of a snake; tow-z pok s. a 
 beautiful headdress, the golden crest of 
 some birds; kd-su kiip tam-i p6k bim dydt 
 mn-klyom pot cuk cuk dok dydt Tbr. : 
 my child is getting his golden crest and 
 opening out like unto the seeds of the 
 s.-kly6m trees (said of youth growing up 
 to about the age of puberty or girl fit 
 to marry, vide the story of the barbet 
 in L. legends. 
 
 tar 1. see tal, td-tar-bo adj. td-tar-ld 
 adv. short and broad, as countenance or 
 thing, squat as person. 
 
 tar 2. i. q. ta-d see under ta; tar-t'&m-bo 
 what is written (on skull) see kin-tsum. 
 
 tar 3. to be level M. see tdr and dar 
 ("to prosper"), tar-ge adj. great, honour- 
 able, — t.-ge — the great, the honourable 
 so and so. 
 
 *tar 4. T. dar s. silk etc. *tar-cok 
 T. dar-lcog a flag, tar-cok fot vb. to un- 
 furl a flag; tar-cok ful vb. to furl a fl.; 
 tar-cok pyor vb. to flutter (as in wind), 
 see t&r. 
 
 tar-bdk, ta-bdk, far-bdk s. a plate, a dish. 
 
 tal 1. see under ta. 
 
 tal 2., pun-tal adj. short, dumpy. 
 
 tf 1. U-m, T. ce- vb. 1. to be great, 
 to be large, to be big; 2. to be grand, 
 to be noble; 3. expresses comparative 
 and superlative degree "better, greater, 
 higher, much, very"; adjly. the great, 
 the high, the upper etc. lyan ti the 
 upper (hill-portion) of ground. — ti-m^ 
 ti-kd great, ti-md ti-kd pd-no gya-ndk pd- 
 no-len ti-ld md-nyin-ne of all great kings 
 there is none greater than the king of 
 China. — ti-ld advly. very, greatly M. 76. 
 
 Comp. ti krdk vb. to be very great, 
 to be renounced, celebrated, to be proud, 
 ti-krok gdn bu-so if he becomes (or it) 
 great he (or it) will burst; ti-krok-kiin 
 bu-bam-bo s. one bursting with pride. 
 ti hrydn vb. to be great, prosperous, rich, 
 ti hrydn-ld bam vb. to live in prosperity, 
 ti hrydn-ld nun-nd-o or ti-ld hrydn-ld 
 nun-nd-o may you be prosperous, ti hrydn 
 pyOk-bo rich, wealthy. 
 
 Deriv. tfm-bo, tim-mo adj. T. cen-po 
 a great man or thing; great, large, 
 mighty etc. pd-no Um-bo or tim-mo T. 
 rgyal-po cen-po a great king, an emperor, 
 maharaja P. tim-bo-sd ayok 1. a work 
 for great man, 2. important work; tim-bo 
 t'u-bo great, high, exalted, important; — 
 tim cok or tim co the greatest M. 32. — 
 tim-mo see mo id., very large M. 102. 
 
 a-tim adj . great, large, important, weight- 
 ly; a-tim-ka si vb. to admire; a-tim-ha 
 cin vb. to have a high idea of; a-tim gyu 
 bam vb. to play the great man; a-tim 
 mat-sdn sak-cin an ambitious mind; a-tim 
 rin li vb. to give one's self airs. 
 
 tf 2. adv. only, nothing particular, 
 merely, gratis, uselessly, to no end, 
 futile, objectless, save for one's own 
 object; free, independent, at leisure. 
 
tf 
 
 tf— tin 
 
 127 
 
 free (time); ti-liun merely, imaginary, 
 supposed; U-K.un-ka li yh. to speak any 
 supposed case, to speak for instance. — 
 ti-da 1. only, simply, vainly; 2. free; 
 3. so so, indifferently, moderately. — ti 
 ham nyi vb. to live independently; ti- 
 ham-mun-sd sun s. a story told at leisure, 
 a diverting story; ti bam-mun-sd ayok s. 
 work done at one's own, on leisure-hours ; 
 U hyi vb. to give gratis; ti mak vb. to 
 die simply, to die naturally; ti mim-ju-ho 
 rather awkwardly, indifferently altogether; 
 ti li vb. to speak in vain or merely speak; 
 ti lik vb. to call in vain, or to call merely 
 for the sake of calling; ti I6m vb. merely 
 to walk without any particular object, to 
 walk for pleasure; ti lyd vb. to get for 
 nothing, to receive gratis; ti vydt vb. 
 merely to ask without any particular ob- 
 ject; ti-sd siin i. q. ti bam-bo-sd or ti bam- 
 mun-sd sun. 
 
 ti-ld or til 1. only, nearly, simply, 
 objectlessly, 2. own; til-sd mlo one's own 
 property; — til-la adv. 1. only, vainly, 
 gratis, independently, at leisure; 2. own, 
 one's own, one's self, naturally; i.q^.don 
 met without provocation; til-Id pld vb. to 
 spring up of its own accord; til-Id bam 
 vb. to live independently; til-Id byi vb. 
 to give gratis; til-Id mak vb. to die 
 naturally; til-Id li vb. to do of one's 
 own accord; til-Id lin md-Mun-ne it is 
 not in power to do it; (I) cannot willingly 
 do it; til-ld-sd man md-go-ne game is not 
 to be had for nothing; a-til also a-tyil 
 adj. one's own, own, a-yu do a-til-su 
 lyan a-re-ka kat Id via-nyin-ne all are 
 free men in this country; (a-) til mat vb. 
 to appropriate, to keep for one'self, yan- 
 Id riim-ka M-do bo til mat-sd hu-do-miim 
 rum-sd ran-ro- mat-ren but (said also) 
 that God was his father making himself 
 equal with God J. 
 
 ti 3., a-tf s. an egg, Mk-ti s. a hen's 
 egg; a-ti-rmn gyek vb. to hatch an egg; 
 a-ti to vb. to lay an egg; a-ti fok s. the 
 shell of egg; a-ti bam vb. to sit on eggs 
 (as hen); a-ti Ut s. the yolk of egg; 
 
 a-ti lut a-dum s. the glair of egg; a-ti 
 a-ser a rotten egg. 
 
 tf 4. 1. ace. W. abbrev. fr. fyak q. v., 
 see under mw* ti tdp-fo; — 2. the upper 
 end, commencement of a field lyan a-ti; 
 nyot ti, see tdii. 
 
 '■■'tf 5. T. 'degQ-pd) (to lift, to elevate) 
 vb. t. to pack as trunk, to place com- 
 pactly, to pack closely: klek-ld ti; to load 
 as gun: sd-dydr mi ti; to put in ear as 
 earring sd-kon ti. 
 
 ti ti onom. a call to fowls. 
 
 ti-pro s. n. pr. of a bird, Dicoeum 
 cruentatum (pigmy flower-pecker), W. 
 in R. 220. 
 
 tik 1. s. a hornet, Vespa crabro, i. q. 
 t'am-bik pd-no; tik-mi id.; tik bdk-dyol s. 
 a young one before it has acquired its 
 sting; tik sUn-pan s. a spec, of hornet; 
 tik sam s. another spec. ; tik pur s. a h.- 
 byke. 
 
 tik 2. vb. to be white at end as tail, 
 tuk-sim tik a tail white at end. 
 
 tik 3. vb. to be completed as time, to 
 be expired, to be finished, to-tsdt cet-bo- 
 re tik-non the stipulated time has ex- 
 pired. — a-tik s. completion, sd-dyak kd- 
 ti a-tik-ka at the end of ten days. See 
 also tek. 
 
 tik 4. s. applied to the shin of leg 
 ton tik. 
 
 tik 5., tik-ka tik-ka adv. sparkling, 
 flickering (light). 
 
 tik dun-fo or tsdk-d.-fo, ace. Je. tok-dun 
 s. the Himalayan cuckoo, Cuculus himala- 
 yensis. 
 
 tik va mik zo s. a spec, zo (rice) q. v. 
 
 tin 1. vb. 1. t. to separate, to divide, 
 to disunite, to disjoin, tydt tin vb. to cut 
 thro', to divide; to mark out, to make 
 bounds lyan tin. 2. n. to be in parts, 
 to be partially lyan tin-lun so yij to rain 
 here and there ; md-ro tin-lun non people 
 to separate and go their way. — a-tin s. 
 part, division. 
 
 tin 2. s. a stick, a twig, san-tin or 
 kun-tin; pd-tin also sUn-tin s. a small 
 stick, a switch, pd-tin zo to get a beating 
 
128 
 
 Mfii— tir, tyir 
 
 ifr, tfr-la— tu-nd ti ti 
 
 (lit. to eat a b.), pd-tin zo-ka no go aud 
 get a beating; pd-tiii-sd hruk-re z6n nyon 
 vb. to feel as if one was poked with a 
 stick inside. 
 
 *tfn 3. T. rtin(^-pa) s. hon. the heel 
 sap-tin. 
 
 tin 4. s. a beam of floor, li tin s. the 
 b.'s of floor of house; td-lyd tin sd tim- 
 krom s. the joists, beams and floor. 
 
 *tin 5. T. tin s. a small brass-cup. 
 
 tin 6. s. in opp. to rok the hills: the 
 plains, flat country; tin sd rok lyan the 
 plains and hills, tin-rok tsom s. the 
 boundaries between pl.'s and h.'s. tin- 
 sd md-rd a man of the plains, Hindii; 
 tin kup "a little plain'' n. pr. of a locality 
 in Sikhim W. 72. 
 
 *tin 7. T. gtin see kul-din etc. *tin- 
 h'ok and tin-Jidk T. gtin and Kag s. abuse, 
 wrangling, malice, tin-Icok-sd md-ro s. a 
 malicious person; *tin-j6k T. gtin-bzag 
 advly. at last, at length, hu ndn-lUn tin- 
 jok fi proceeding along he at length 
 arrived. 
 
 tin 8., tun-tin i. q. fd-vor see vor. 
 
 tih-rf s. the stone for rubbing or grind- 
 ing things with, a sort of pestle, lun-cak 
 sd tin-ri the sill and muller. 
 
 *tin-Sd T. tin-sags s. a metal gong used 
 in buddhist worship, struck in the morn- 
 ing to call the prayers, tin-sa biik-set s. 
 the beater of t. made of buffalo- or yak- 
 horn. 
 
 *tin T. sbyin see *wdra tin (to give 
 
 present). 
 
 tin-tin adj. dry in the mouth as food, 
 tin-tin li vb. to make one's mouth dry 
 as when eating hard, dry food. 
 
 tfp vb. n. to be stopped up as nostril, 
 pipe, drain, tube and such like; tiik-nom 
 tip-non nose to be stuffed as with cold. 
 — vb. t. to pour out the water from rice 
 after boiling, to strain off. 
 
 tim see ti 1. (great). 
 
 tim incorr. for tyiim q. v. 
 
 tim-bar see tem-bdr. 
 
 tim-bre see tem-bre. 
 
 tir, tyir vb. to move, to shake, to curl, 
 
 as in contempt; bon tyir to curl mouth 
 in contempt. 
 
 tfr, tfr-la adv. suddenly, tir-ld Mm to 
 fly suddenly away. 
 
 tfl see under ti. 
 
 *til T. 'gril{-ba) vb. to fall down. 
 
 tii 1., tu-t vb. t. to wash as body, clothes, 
 anything, to clean, mii tii vb. to wash 
 body; diim tut vb. to w. clothes; diim- 
 tat-bo s. a washerman, la-de t.-bo s. a 
 scullion, a-dyan tut vb. to wash feet. 
 See also tat, Mt. 
 
 tu 2., tu-m vb. n. to be inauspicious, 
 used in a more unfortunate s. than nyo; 
 md-ro mak-ba r'ldk gdn tH-so if you look 
 at a man when he is dying, it will bring 
 you evil, td-dyu a-kUp bH-bam-bo-ka md- 
 zu a-ndk sit gdn a -kup Id a-nok pld-so 
 if you blacken a pregnant woman, the 
 child will be black. 
 
 a-tum s. an evil effect arising from 
 any cause; tv,m-bo adj. ominous, see to. 
 
 tarn tii vb. to be illomened, to be fatal 
 to pregnant woman or child; fam-tHm s. 
 anything causing evil effects to child 
 birth, an omen, a portent. — tii is also 
 applied to acute pains to be affected 
 with, tiik-bron, tii to have acute p. in hip. 
 
 *tu 3., a-tu T. stu s. pudendum muliebre, 
 Tbr. : fam-an., kd-siim kat, man zo po-don 
 etc., also td and td- in comp. — tH kyu 
 vulva foetida; tii nak incorr. for td-nak 
 (see naK) s. praeputium penis; tO, can: 
 ta fu-ld nan-Id vulva projectura; tii cak 
 OS vulvae; tii mk lingula vulvae; ta cot 
 (td-cotf) i. q. dyen cot placenta, secundines; 
 til jel V. parva; tii nydl, ta nyel the 
 nymphae; tii nyo v. magna; tii pum v. 
 alta sita (tal nan-Id)., mens veneris; tii fdr 
 i. q. to, kyu, tii for fam-blydk a spec, butter- 
 fly; tii bu the vagina; tii byen i.q.tH; 
 ta bral the rlymphae; tii mat s. hair on 
 pudendum muliebre; tii tsum, tii tsup v. 
 trepida; tii riik s. protrusus uteri; tu 
 lak-dyen i. q. tii kyu; tii lop v. magna; 
 tii hydn, tH-an vulva; tH-un s. sperma 
 muliebre. M. 
 
 tu-nu ti ti ace. W. Hunu ti ti" a. n. of 
 
tu'tsii— tuk 
 
 tuk-gar — tuk-nyil 
 
 129 
 
 a spec, of bird, Cyornis melanoleucus 
 K. 216; ace. Je. 483 'Huni ti ti" Erythro- 
 sterna maculata. 
 
 tu-tsu s. accounts, calculations M. see 
 tu-tsu and dii. 
 
 tuk- prefix. I. i. q. td- q. cfr. See the 
 following roots: kdm, kdl, kram, kri, kldk, 
 kl6t, gar, gryom, cap, cim, cil, ciik, cum, 
 cek, cok, jak, jek, nyer, tyol, fdl, dam, di, 
 dim, dun, dop, dyiim, dyol, nal, nok, non, 
 ndm, ndl, pyet, pyit, pup, pol, prop, prol, 
 plyo, plyok, pyet, fat, fut, fyok (fyuk), fyon, 
 fyot, fyol, bon, byap, bram, brol, br6k, bldt, 
 blat, blut, blyon, mat, map, mdl, mar, mon, 
 myuk, tsar, tsam, tsu, tsu, tson (ts'dn), tsol, 
 lup, hap, hdk, hup, sdk, sap, sup, sum, son, 
 son, sot, Mm, si (sim), sip, sit, sun, sop, 
 sor ; tuk-kdm or td-kdm etc. a seat, see 
 under kdm; tHk-kram, i. q. td-kram a 
 dancing-festivity, see under kram; tHk- 
 nom the nose, see under nom; tuk-fydn-ld 
 horizontally, see under fydn; tuk-sim a 
 tail, see under sim; tHk-sor a chi-strainer, 
 see under sor; etc. etc. — See also tiin-, 
 turn-; — n. reduplication of the following 
 roots: tdk, tdk, tak, tuk, tek, tok, fik, fuk, 
 fdk, fydk, dak, e. c. tiik-tdk-ld promptly, 
 see under tdk; tiik tiik a cap, see under tiik. 
 
 tuk Tb. t. to cover over, un-pdn-niin 
 Ut-fir-lUn tuk-fat the waters returned and 
 covered . . . Ex.; to cover over (as head 
 with cap, umbrella); tvik-tiik tiik vb. to 
 put on cap; du tiik vb. to hold umbrella 
 over head; hO-niin hH-do mim-bam-ba-sd 
 dUm-pdn 6t fo-liin td-ryon tiik she put 
 her widow's garments off from her, and 
 covered her with a vail G.; to cast net 
 sUn-li tiik; n. to be overspread, as place 
 with clouds, to fall in an overspreading 
 manner; pUm-byon-nUn lyan tiik clouds 
 to overshadow the land; so lyan yii tHk- 
 non-ne rain to fall everywhere over the 
 land; tHk-non to roll up (as hedgehog). 
 
 tak applied to earth, saline or other- 
 wise (water etc.), which is "sweet" to 
 animals, saline-efflorescence fdt tiik, un 
 tiik; — sak-cin tiik vb. mind to be over- 
 clouded, to be stupid; fi-niin tak vb. to 
 
 faint, to have lost one's senses, to be 
 overspread by fi mun q. v.; tak vat vb. 
 to be overpowered, fydn-nan tuk vdt to 
 be overwhelmed by a superior force. 
 
 a-tuk s. a covering as of pd-tek etc., 
 tyak-ydn-sd a-tuk s. the membrane of 
 brain, a-fyak tak s. a covering for the 
 head. 
 
 tuk-tuk s. a cap, a hat, tuk-tHk tuk vb. 
 to put on cap, ti/k-tuk fyul or dt or ak 
 vb. to take off cap, sd-mdk tak-tuk a 
 Lepcha cap (high-pointed); pd-lok t.-t, 
 pd-lyon t.-t. two other kinds of caps; — 
 tak-pdk s. a turban. 
 
 tuk-gar s. a spec, of black ant: t.-g. 
 tiik-fyil. 
 
 tuk-cap s. 1. a spec, of earwig tuk-cap 
 t'am-bik; 2. i. q. a tree tuk-cap kuit i. q. 
 mi cap kun. 
 
 tuk-cf VO ace. M. 1. i. q. tuk-vor i. q. 
 2. Tbr.: a drain-ditch, a gutter, also 
 tun-ci VO. 
 
 tuk-cfm i. q. td-pii q. v., s. a cup, tvk- 
 cim sd-re a-bo-niin kd-siim, bon-bo-ka go 
 md-fdn-nd sdn-d the cup which my father 
 has given me, shall I not drink? J. 
 
 tuk-cel muk s. a shrub, Phlogocanthus 
 thyrsiflorus. 
 
 tuk-cdh kun s. n. of tree, spec, of Eurya, 
 t.-c. k. dan-sd E. japonica, t.-c. k. hlo-sd 
 E. acuminata and E. symplocina. 
 
 tuk-jer s. 1. the side of person or thing, 
 2. advly. aside, privately; tak-jer tuk-blydn 
 s. the side; tuk-jer tuk-blydn bH di vb. 
 bring sideways; tilk-jer-ka da vb. to lie 
 on side; t&k-jer-ka lyo vb. to take aside; 
 tak-jer-ka non vb. to go privately away, 
 to go apart. 
 
 tuk-jor rfp s. spec, of Commelina (spider- 
 wort). 
 
 tuk-nyil (W.: "tak-nyel" K. 212) and 
 tun-nyil s. wormwood, Artemisia, tuk- 
 nyil-len kri to be more bitter than worm- 
 wood; tiik-nyil tuk-ayen gryam to be 
 blocked up with wormwood: implies the 
 winds and rains that set in on the break- 
 ing up of rainy season, which renders the 
 paths in that state Tbr. — tuk-nyil nyon 
 
 9 
 
130 
 
 tuk-nydm— tuk-pu 
 
 tuk-puA — tiik-bo 
 
 ace. W. 'Hak-nyel nyon" "the wormwood- 
 nyon" a spec, sparrow, Chrysomitris 
 tibetana R. 219. 
 
 tuk-nydm s. the genus Gryllus (grass- 
 hopper), crickets etc., a few of the names 
 of species are: tun-ky6n, tun-gryok, num- 
 jit, num-pan, num-plun, num-bon, num- 
 brit, num-yo, num-la, num-sok, num-on, 
 piir-gyen, fd-lok, mun-kyon^ suk-kyon, suk- 
 kyo or sd-kyo, sun-kyon. 
 
 tuk-tak s. a boiled mixture, a decoction, 
 gruel, soup; zo tuk-tak s. rice-soup, gruel; 
 man tuk-tak s. soup; bi tuk-tak s. vege- 
 table-soup; mon tuk-tak s. medicinal de- 
 coction; tuk-tak kyok vb. to scrape up 
 remains of soup with fingers bent, hence 
 tuk-tak kyok kat a span from end of 
 thumb to second joint of forefinger when 
 bent; tuk-tak nun-n&n-ne to be drenched 
 with rain Tbr., to be exhausted, to have 
 become weak like unto gruel Tbr. 
 
 tuk-tydl tuh-krdk s. a spec, of fern, spec, 
 of Nephrodium. 
 
 tuk-dum s. 1. a tadpole (Gyrinus), tvk- 
 dum-sd tuk-sim pdl-ndn the tadpole's tail 
 has dropped off; i.-d. tuk-dyol the first 
 form of tadpole; 2. big stomach, a person 
 with large stomach with a st. like a tad- 
 poles body with legs like its tail. 
 
 tuk-dyam s. a small spec, of black ant, 
 tuk-fyil t.-d. 
 
 tuk-dyar s. the fish insect so destructive 
 to books and papers. 
 
 tuk-dyum etc. see under di, dim. 
 
 tuk-dyol s. first form that tadpole take, 
 a young tadpole, see tuk-dum. 
 
 tuk-ndmsee under nom; tuk-ndl see nol. 
 
 tuk-pat s. the knee, t.-p. tuk-lum id., 
 tuk-pdt tsdk vb. to kneel; tuk-pdt kiin-lok 
 pot s. the knee-pan, patella, tuk-pat kiin- 
 lok p6t cit vb. to split the patella, a mode 
 of punishment, by which criminals were 
 lamed for life; tuk-pdt Ka-lu s. the con- 
 dyle; tuk-pdt tydp s. the joint of knee. 
 
 tuk-pf s. n. of tree, Pithecolobium dulce, 
 t.-p. kun nyok P. geminura. 
 
 tuk-pu explet. of td-gro, tiik-gro s. evil 
 spirit P. 
 
 tiik-pun s. the shoulder, tuk-pun-ka bu 
 vb. to carry on shoulder, tuk->pun tik s. 
 the shoulder-blade, scapula. 
 
 tuk-pum-fo, tufi-pum-fo^ tum^-pum-fo and 
 tdm-puin-fo s. a spec, of owl, ace. Je. 124, 
 W. R. 205: '■'■kashi-op tak-puvn!'' Syrnium 
 nivicolum (a hooting owl), W. ibd. ^^tang- 
 pum^' Glaucidium cuculoides (a spec, 
 owlet) and "'■dang tang-pum" Carine 
 brama (id.). — tuk-pum fi s. a hawk- 
 owl M. 
 
 tuk-po s. string, cord, sd-mon tuk-po s. 
 rope made of the black tail of ydk, used 
 for binding men for punishment. — ki 
 tuk-po cotton rope; kd-zu t.-po string 
 made from the nettle; kd-yen t.-po string 
 made from Boehmeria nivea; pd-ti t.-po 
 hempen rope; cfe t.-po string made from 
 the Daphne papyracea. — Tbr. for fik 
 q. V. dyen zdn tuk-po tik the bond of 
 friendship; bri t.-po fik the bond of 
 matrimony. — tiik-po tUn-krok mo s. spec, 
 of fern; tuk-po tUn-krdk kup s. another 
 spec, of do. ; tuk-po pUk-jik s. n. of plant, 
 fern-tree, Angiopteris erecta R. 84. 
 
 tuk-po kun s. a peach-tree, Prunus 
 persica; tiik-po pot s. a peach. 
 
 tuk-po fo s. the Indian cuckoo, Cuculus 
 micropterus M., Je. 326, W. Q'tak-po'') 
 R. 207. 
 
 tuk-pyek i. q. sd-pyek q. v. 
 
 tuk-fyil s. an ant, enmet, tHk-fyil tuk- 
 dydm s. id. small spec, tHk-fyil tHk-dydm 
 jum s. a large black ant, tHk-fyil tHk- 
 dydm pur-mim s. a small ant, tHk-gar a 
 small spec, of ant, sd-ku tHk-fyil s. a very 
 large spec, of ant. Some other species: 
 ki-lim, td-krdl, niim-bol, tso-mit. — tiih- 
 fyil pHr or piim s. an ants nest. 
 
 tuk-fyer fo s. i. q. bim-pd yul. 
 
 tuk-bip or tUn-bap s. a shrub, t.-b. rip 
 s. the flower of do. 
 
 tuk-bum, tuii-bum, tun-bdm s. a spec, of 
 wood-louse; fdt t.-b. s. a spec, of grub- 
 worm; a spec, of bee that makes its 
 cells in the ground; several species: t.-b. 
 nok, dum, pd-dydr, a-hyir. 
 
 tuk-bo (ace. M. the coverer, the over- 
 
"tuk-bo lun-jik— tuk-men 
 
 tuk-mo— tuii 
 
 131 
 
 spreading deity, see tuK) title of Ta-se 
 (Padmasambhava) T. bdbm-ldan-daa; — 
 tuk-bo rum fat 1. to make oblations to 
 God, 2. the oblation to do. 
 
 *tuk-bo lun-jik T. sdig-pa s. a scorpion, 
 litly. "the chief (of noxious insects) living 
 under stone", tiik-bo lun-jik tuk-Um s. the 
 tail of scorpion, tuk-bo lun-jik a-lim sting 
 of sc, tuk-bo lun-jik a-lim tsdt to sting; 
 tuk-bo lun-jik a-gon the claws of sc; see 
 dig-pa l.-j., dik-po ra-za. 
 
 tuk-bya s. a sort of bracelet, worn on 
 left arm to prevent bowstring striking 
 wrist, tuk-bya-ka bat vb. to put wrist 
 into t.-b.; tuk-bya tsdk id.; t.-b. ak vb. to 
 take off do.; ha a-mXem tuk-bya zon •pd- 
 bydr-ld giim his face is concave like unto 
 a tuk-bya. 
 
 tiik-byit s. a sort of bean, pea; some 
 of the spec, are: kd-hla, no-yu, cer, tun- 
 ki, tun-kuii, ntim^tsi},, pur-gyen, dum, ban 
 pok, sUm-bryol, sim-pyit. Also tun-byit. 
 
 tuk-bram or tun-bram s. a spec, of 
 
 Osbeckia, t.-br. muk s. Osbeckia crinita. 
 
 tuk-brdh s. the hip, tHk-brdn-sd jop-ld U 
 
 vb.. to feel pains in hip as from walking; 
 
 t&k-brdn hrat s. the haunchbone. 
 
 tuk-bryot kuh s. name of shrub, t.-b. 
 tamr-blydk s. n. of butterfly. 
 
 tuk-blf, t.-bl. rik s. a creeper, spec. Vitis, 
 V. carnosa M. 
 
 tuk-blo s. the wild plantain-tree (Musa) 
 species of re-lin (second spec); tiik-blo 
 hryu s. a dry leaf of tiik-blo^ tiik-blo lop 
 s. the large leaf of plantain (wild), tHk- 
 blo-sd Id-hu the patiole-leaves of the wild 
 plantain, tiik-blo td-luk s. spec, of frog. — 
 See also Mk-blo; tiik-blo tHk-nol a small 
 spec, of black snail. 
 
 tuk-mat s. a spec, of fish, no-tHk-mdt 
 
 i. q. mat-no, see mat, mUt (vb. to blow). 
 
 tuk-nicir-kun s. n. of tree, spec, of Albizzia. 
 
 tuk-mdr-fo or tHk-mur-fo s. n. of bird, 
 
 spec, of Muscicapa M. 
 
 tuk-mar s. a leopard, Felis leopardus, 
 see mar. 
 
 tuk-men or tun-men s. the white ant 
 when they have obtained their wings. 
 
 the flying white ant, spec. Termes; tiik- 
 men fam-blydk s. a brown butterfly. 
 
 tuk-mo (see also kUt-nio cfr. T. rkun-ma') 
 s. theft, stealing, tOk-mo-sd tarn stolen 
 goods, tuk-mo bi so vb. to lay a charge 
 against another of theft; tHk-mo mat vb. 
 to steal, to thieve, tOk-mo mat-bo s. a 
 thief; tHk-mo tsam vb. to accuse another 
 of theft, also to prove the charge see 
 bi nyot; tiik-mo zdk vb. to be robbed; 
 tiik-mo pum s. an arrant; tiik-mo fydn(^-b6) 
 s. a robber, a bandit, tiik-mo fydn mat 
 vb. to rob, tak-mo fydn pun s. a band 
 of robbers, tiik-mo fydn-sd ne s. a cave 
 of thieves, tiik-mo fydn-pdn s. a chief of 
 robbers. 
 
 tuk-mdt zo s. a spec, of zo (rice). 
 tuk-r^m i. q. td-krdm. 
 tuk-rel 1. i. q. tUn-hril q. v.; 2. ace. W. 
 '■Hak-rdV s. n. of a bird, roller, Coracias 
 affinis; ^Hak-rdl vong'" Eurystomus orien- 
 talis E. 205. 
 
 tuk-tsdl i. q. tUp-sol q. v. 
 tuk-zak buk s. a spec (the best) of yam, 
 called also pd-z6k buk. 
 
 tuk-zdii, t.-z. tUn-giit or tUn-zon s. a spec, 
 of white pumpkin tUn-zon tUn-giit; applied 
 to a naked child with only a belt sus- 
 pended from shoulder t.-z. vya. 
 tuk-lum an explet. to tHk-pdt. 
 tuk-vdr ace W. ^^tak-vor" n. pr. of a 
 village, "hook-thread" "fish-hook" W. 72; 
 — tak-vor fo i. q. sUk-vdr-fo q. v. 
 tuk-sdn bu s. a spec, of caterpillar. 
 tuk-sdl bu s. the intestinal worm, Ascaris 
 lumbricoides. — tiik-sdl kun s. n. of tree 
 spec. Echinocarpus; tuk-sdl rik n. of creeper. 
 tuk-§i kun s. n. of tree with white flowers. 
 tuk-0-val ace W. "iak-o-waV s. n. of 
 bird, Dryonastes coerulatus. 
 
 tun pref. 1. i. q. td- and tHk- q. v. See 
 under kam, kal, kul, kyan, kyop, kyol, 
 krdn, krdn, klak, klok, gan, gap, gar, gin, 
 gip, gap, gap, gor, gyal, gy&p, gron, gryam, 
 gryuk, gryon, gry&p, gli, cdp, co, jam, jan, 
 mm, jil, jek, jon, nyer, tdk, tek, fdn, tya, 
 fyok, dUn, dun, d6h, ddp, ndm, pup, fyuk, 
 fri, frot, bam, bar, bal, bdn, bram, brin. 
 
132 
 
 -tiirt— tun-kun 
 
 iiin-ko— tiW-jer 
 
 blyon, mat, myuk, tson (tion), ydr, ydl, 
 yoii, yon, hap (hup), hap, hdn, hrdn, la, 
 lin, lyen, vyen, sdn, sup, su, son, son, sdn, 
 sit, sun, sen, sen, sop, sor, ip, dydl, ayen, 
 dyon, dydk; — 2. reduplic. tun-tin fr. tin 
 etc. — 3. incorr. for tan-, ton-. 
 
 -tun postp. -t-un see -iin. 
 
 tuii 1., a-tu,n s. the cushion of hand, 
 the heel of foot see tin; kd-tUn, ton-tiin. 
 
 tun 2. T. Itun or fr. tun 3. Tb. to fall, 
 generally applied by L.'s to children 
 a-pHp-pa i i tun-ndn-so take care! child 
 you will fall ! tiin-i-i beware, you will fall ! 
 
 tun 3. onom. redupl. tiin tun sound of 
 running, to tun tun di dydt who is coming 
 running? 
 
 tun-kf f. tun-ki pUn-tydn s. the sparrow- 
 hawk, Accipiter nisus M. Je. 51; ace. W. 
 '"Hing-kyV^ a spec, hawk, Astur badius or 
 a spec.falcon, Cerchneis tinunculusR.204; 
 tun-ki pur-cok or tun-ki nok M., ace. Je. 147 
 and W. (R. 205) '■Hang-kyi per-chi^oK^ the 
 brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutellatus. — 
 tun-ki pim-ci tUn-byit a spec, of pulse, 
 litly. : "the hawks claw". — tim-ki kun 
 n. of tree, spec, of Casearia. M. 
 
 tuh-ku muk s. n. of a plant. 
 
 tun-kuii or tim-kun tun-la s. a rain- 
 bow; tu,n-kun din a r. to appear (litly. 
 "to stand"); tun-kun din nyi there is a 
 rainbow; tun-kun pld to make it's appear- 
 ance; tun-kun ya (or gdV) ndn the r. has 
 disappeared. — tun-kun td-klak a circular 
 rainbow. — tim-kun mit s. a water-spirit, 
 tun-kun {mit) tun-la mit s. nymphs, i. q. 
 yet tun-kun mit; tUn-kun mit zdk to suffer 
 under displeasure of t.-k. spirit, to have 
 fever; yet tun-kun mit md vb. to pray or 
 solicit the good influence of the t.-k. mit 
 while the yet fish-trap is set. — varie- 
 gated colours, tUn-kun tHk-byit s. a 
 spec, of bean; — t.-k. t'am-blydk a. a spec, 
 of butterfly; — t.-k. diim rip s. coloured, 
 bordered cloth; t.-k. diim rip v6k vb. to 
 make do.; ■ — t.-k. nUm-dak s. variegated 
 grain of the n.-d.; — t.-k. rik s. Basella 
 alba; t.-k. bi s. the leaves of B. a. used 
 as vegetable, see kOn-zom; — t.-k. lop s. 
 
 an ornamented shield made of plaited 
 cane. 
 
 tun-ko incorr. for tan-ko q. v. 
 
 tun-kydn 1. incorr. for tHk-nydm q. v. 
 
 tun-kydn 2. s. the stick-insect, see miin- 
 kyon, tuk-nyom. 
 
 tun-krdm s. floor of house, li tUn-krom. 
 
 tuii-krdl adj. longlegged. 
 
 *tun-gan or tun-gon T. sten-Kan s. an 
 upper room. 
 
 tun-gan i. q. nm-gan q. v. 
 
 tun-gil mun: " tiTigilmung" s. a thar of 
 the L. people H. H. Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 tun-gut s. a pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo, 
 tUn-giit rik s. the pumpkin-creeper; tUn- 
 giit zon pumpkinlike; specc. : tim-zdn twh- 
 giit; jon-go. 
 
 tun-guii 1. i. q. tUn-fri see fri; 2. s. a 
 bamboo plank (bamboo with the outer 
 part shaved off and the inner part pressed 
 by beating etc. out into a plat surface). 
 
 tun-gdm rik s. n. of creeper, Roydsia M. 
 
 tun-gyen s. a bamboo, used as a drink- 
 ing vessel. 
 
 tun-gren s. a cloven foot, hoof, i. q. tori- 
 gren, tUn-gren ik vb. to spread out hoof 
 as cow when on uneven ground. 
 
 tun-grydk see tOk-nyom. 
 
 tun-glu s. the n. of a tree Bombax ceiba, 
 B. malabaricum; also' n. of a hill, bearing 
 that name: tUn-glu hlo NW.of Darjeeling; 
 — t.-g. buk s. a spec. Arum. — tUn-glu 
 mik vun s. giddiness from biliousness, 
 t.-g. m.-v. tv, vb. to suffer from do. suppos- 
 ed to be the effect of the Bombax tree. 
 
 tun-cf tun-krdk s. a spec, of fern; tiin-a 
 also a spec, of pea. 
 
 tun-cen i. q. mar-cen rip q. v. 
 
 tun-ji mdn s. a spec, millet. 
 
 tun-jin s. applied to the shrew species, 
 t.-j. kd-li a spec, of small squirrel, Soiurus 
 macrourus. 
 
 tuh-jil kun i. q. nd-jil-kun. 
 
 tun-jer see jer; tUn-jer kun s. n. of tree 
 Picrasma javanica; — tUn-jer no mnt s. 
 spec, of fish; — tim-jer mun s. overclouded 
 weather; — tun-jer Idn s. talk, mica; — 
 tun-jer vi s. spec, of small noisy cicada. 
 
tuh-daA— tun-bo 
 
 tun-bol hop— tun-sdt kun 
 
 133 
 
 tuA-dan s. a sort of basket, reticule. 
 
 tun-ddm s. a peculiar spec, of fungus 
 like the half of a rdo-rje with highly 
 offensive smell like rotten meat, spec. 
 Agaricus. 
 
 tun-dar s. a drum, tun-dar lun-min id., 
 tun-dar pd-tin s. the stick; tiin-dar pap 
 rh. to roll drum, to beat a rolling sound; 
 tun-dar huk vb. to beat d., tiin-dar buk-bo 
 s. a drummer. 
 
 tun -din bik s. a spec, of coleopterous 
 insect, Calandra. 
 
 tun-ddk for tdn-dok, tiin-ddk q. v., tun- 
 dok mat vb. to serve, to assist, to bene- 
 fit, see tan. 
 
 tun-dyar s. a cricket, the house-c, 
 Gryllus domesticus; tun-dydr pd-lydn s. 
 a large spec, of c, tun-dydr mi-top-ka 
 the c. on the hearth. — tim-dydr rip s. 
 a bush, spec, of Hydrangea, the smell 
 of the leaves and flowers is said to 
 poison and frighten away the crickets 
 from the houses and for this purpose 
 they are sometimes spread in houses. 
 
 tun-dyu s. 1. a Jew's harp, tUn-dyu (op 
 vb. to play on do., 2. a spec, of spider, 
 zo tim-dyu. 
 
 tun-dyen s. 1. a small spec, of squirrel, 
 Sciurus macclellandi, 2. i. q. nixn-dyen 
 applied to a spec, cowitcb, td-kryiip t.-d. 
 spec, of small cowitch. 
 
 tun-dydh i. q. tun-gryoh s. a large basket. 
 
 tun-num to dyok rik see fo nUm f. d. r. 
 
 tiin-pu i. q. tam-pii s. cowrie, money. 
 
 tun-l)dm, tUn-bUm see tuk-bimi. 
 
 tun-ban explet. to tUn-aydl, t.-d. t.-b.-mo 
 the fire-queen Tbr. 
 
 tun-bfk s. time, season, Id-vo tiin-bik 
 all times, all seasons, hence every one, 
 every person. 
 
 tun-bum cf lak rik s. a creeper, the roots, 
 used sometimes as ferment for chi. 
 
 tun -bum pa- la s. a spec, of Alpinia; 
 ace. M. also a spec, of zo (rice). 
 
 tun-bo 1. adj. compact, compact-shaped, 
 square, opp. to pun-fyet oblong; li tun-bo 
 a square-shaped house; — 2. s. a box of 
 bamboo or other material for holding 
 
 rice etc., containing about two fri q. v.; 
 tak tuk tUn-bo s. a hat-box; — tvn-bo tek 
 s. a similar box but smaller; — in its s. 
 as a measure is used metly. for constant 
 supply, blessing: jer tiin-bo kdm tUn-bo 
 a m. of gold and silver, said when a 
 daughter is born as she will be a blessing 
 to the parents and bring industry and 
 marriage-portion to the house. — tiin-bo 
 lik (fr. 1 ?) a noose-slip for catching fish ; 
 t.-bo I. sak vb. to set the noose-slip. 
 
 tun-bol hop s. ace. M. litly. "a plougher 
 in the hollows of the ground", the 
 elephant-beetle, tUn-bol hof-pUn ku mat 
 vb. said of the head of maize when the 
 grain has acquired some firmness and 
 colour, see pd-tyu td-ji. 
 
 tun-bdm rfp s. a bush. 
 
 tun-brap s. a spec, of tam-bok sop Amo- 
 mum; kd-la t.-b. a spec. A.; — tun-brap 
 pd-ti s. a spec, of reed, Scytalia; — tiin- 
 brap pd-la i. q. tun-bum pd-la. 
 
 tuii-brip fo s. n. of bird, two specc. un- 
 sd t.-br. and fat-sd t.-br.; kd-hryak t.-br. 
 ace. Je. 493 '■'■karriak tungbrek pho", ace. 
 W. (K. 212) "kar-rlok tung-brek" a small 
 babbler, Eimator malacoptilus. 
 
 tun-brum kun s. n. of tree, t.-b. muk s. 
 n. of plant; t.-b. rik s. n. of a creeper, 
 Celastrus monosperma. 
 
 tuh-bret fo s., un t.-br. fo s. a spec, of 
 egret. 
 
 tun-ffm rik s. a spec, of creeper, Piper 
 betel. 
 
 tun-fyum nydm s. a n. of grass with 
 large leaf, spec, of pHr-fyek; — tun-fyum 
 dor s. a spec, boletus (edible); — tUn- 
 fyum fo s. n. of bird. 
 
 tun-fram s. n. of plant. 
 
 tun-mel pdt s. a melon, a musk-melon, 
 un ti/n-mel pot a water-melon. 
 
 tun-ram incorr. for td-nrem. 
 
 tun-lfn s. Coix lacryma. Jobs tears kim- 
 dap tiin-lin. 
 
 tun-suii s. a stockade, ace. W. n. pr. of 
 a L. village. 
 
 tun-sop kun s. a tree, Wightia tinctoria. 
 
 tuii-sdt kuii i.<{.svn-s6t k. s. spec.of Ficus. 
 
134 
 
 tun-Si— tun-rot 
 
 tup— tur-ca 
 
 tun-Si ace. Hooker 2, 45 '■Hingschi" Taxus 
 bacata. 
 
 tun -Sin kun s. a pine-tree ace. Hooker 
 2, 45 Pinus exeelsa, see dun-s. 
 
 tun-Sun din incorr. f. pan-s. d. q. v. 
 
 tun- a i. q. niin a-rik q. v. 
 
 tun-f i. q. tam-i s. n. of plant. 
 
 tuii-oh s. a large spec, of drone. 
 
 tut, a-tut s. the knuckles of hand: (a)- 
 kd tut, the hoof as of horse, goat, cow 
 etc.: on ton tut, sd-ar tut. 
 
 tiit see under tu. 
 
 *tut i. q. *tdt q. V. 
 
 -tun 1. ace. M. Gr. postp. of neg. imper., 
 when proceeded by a vb. ending in the 
 final t forms with the proceeding md- 
 (q. T.) a neg. imp. e. c. md-mat-tun i. q. 
 md-matrnun. — 2. also for -nun postp. of 
 the agens (instrument.) proceeded by a 
 final t as a-lut-tun i. q. a-lut-niin [more 
 correctly: the n of -nun 1., 2. is changed 
 into t by optional assimilation]. 
 
 tun- reduplic. of tyen, dan, dun, don, 
 dydn etc., see also td-, tuk-, tun-, turn-; 
 e. c. tun-tyen-bo adj. short and stout as 
 person; tun-dydn-ld ady. sickly, infirm. 
 
 *°tun i. q. tan, T. don; tun-dok i. q. tdn- 
 ddk etc., see under tan. 
 
 *tun T. stunQ-pa), see also (un, vb. to 
 agree, to be at peace, to be in harmony, 
 su go yo gdn dy.-sdn s.-mo-sdn-sd md- 
 tun-ne for the J.'s have no dealings with 
 the S.s J.; yuk mun gun-nd-tun-ld nyi- 
 md-o the priest all came to one con- 
 clusion P.; tun-ld bam vb. to live at peace; 
 tun-ld mat vb. to make reconciliation; — 
 tun-ydm-bo s. a conciliator. — a-tiin s. 
 peace, explet. to a-cdm q. v. 
 
 *tun-ce T. rten and cas (a thing pre- 
 sented) s. a present, tiin-ce ndn vb. to 
 give a present. 
 
 *tun-jd (possibly from T. gtan-du) ever, 
 always, tun-jd-niin always, constantly, 
 ever; t.-j.-n.-bam-bo s. a constant, per- 
 manent resident. 
 
 tun-ret fo s. a spec, of bird. 
 
 tun-rot s. a vine, Vitis; a grape: tun- 
 
 rot p6t id.; tun-rot rik s. the v.-creeper; 
 tun-rot sin s. a vineyard. 
 
 tup reduplic. of dup, tup-dup-ld i.q. tuk- 
 dup-ld; tup-dup-ld siip-sip-ld adv. closed, 
 confined. 
 
 *tup T. gtub{-pa), btub(-pa), see also: 
 fup vb. 1. to be able, to be good,, con- 
 venient, fit for; tup-pd T. btub-bo it is 
 good; md-tup-ne it is not good; to be 
 right; 2. to assent, to please, to will, to 
 wish, md-tup-ne not to wish; a-do tiip- 
 ka nyi gdn buk-kd-o kd-m-ka fcyet md- 
 nyi-ne you may if you like beat it is 
 all one to me, md-ro do tup-sd nyi gdn 
 md-do-ne if they please themselves never 
 mind, M dit md-tup-ne he refuses to 
 come. 3. s. pleasure, will. 
 
 *tup T. gtub(-pa) vb. t. to mince small, 
 to cut in small pieces, man tup vb. to 
 cut meat. 
 
 turn 1. redupl. of tydm, dum, dam q. v. 
 2. prefix incorr. for tiin-, tuk-, td- q. v. 
 
 turn affixed to a-kd implies to be with- 
 out any necessaries, to have nothing at 
 all, kd turn nun-ndn-ne to have no ban 
 or any necessary of life. 
 
 *tum T. btum(-ba) vb. to cling to tree 
 as creeper, to climb as climbing plant, 
 to embrace kun-rik kun-ka tum-bam. — 
 tum^bo s. a climber. 
 
 tum-hyor adj. white applied chiefly to 
 birds; hik t.-h. a white fowl. 
 
 tur- pref. i.q. td- 1.; see under klak, 
 gap, gon, nam,, jam,, jon (^jun), din, fam, 
 fyan, mom, zut. Met, vdp, vok, Sep, sok, um; 
 also incorr. for tdr-. 
 
 tur 1. see tdr (to be diffused). 2. see 
 tdr to prop, to support. 
 
 tur, tiir-rd tur-rd lukewarm as water, 
 also mild warmth of weather, so t.-rd 
 t.-rd a weather to be mildly w., un t.-rd 
 t.-rd hru lukewarm water, un t.-rd t.-rd i 
 w. to simmer. 
 
 tur- ham (i. q. td-nram), tur-nydii dor, 
 tur- Sep dor, tnr-mum-dor four specc. of 
 tree-fungus (boletus), edible. 
 
 tur-ca s. a spec, of small mushroom; 
 
tur-ci dor — tur-'ayert 
 
 tul— *tu 
 
 135 
 
 tur-cd tur-tdn s. spec, of mushrooms 
 (larger, edible), iur-ca tur-tdn ku-p s. 
 applied to a child who does not know 
 its own parents, who sprouts up of itself 
 like a mushroom, a wayward child like 
 a fungus without any cultivation and 
 different from other vegetation. 
 
 tur-ci dor s. a spec, of tree-fungus 
 (edible), Idn t.-c. d. another spec, on 
 ground. 
 
 tur-jf, tdr^i s. a small sort of bell worn 
 as ornament, t.-ji tur-bum s. tinkling bells. 
 
 tur-idh see tur-cd. 
 
 tur-idn s. fungus (boletus) that sprouts 
 from trees (not edible). 
 
 tur-tyuk dor s. a spec, of tree-boletus 
 (eaten but not good). 
 
 tur-bat dor s. a spec, of tree-fungus, 
 edible even when raw. 
 
 tur-bf or tur-vf s. the regions beyond 
 the earth; tiir-vi tur-sok s. the extremities 
 of the earth, the junction of the e. and 
 regions beyond. 
 
 tur-bu s. a lazy glutton who thinks of 
 nothing but eating and drinking, d t.-b. 
 zo t.-b. s. a wine-bibber and glutton. 
 
 tiir-bum s. a small tinkling bell worn 
 as ornament by woman or cattle etc., 
 larger than tur-ji q. v. 
 
 tur-fdn fo s. a spec, bird, ground-thrush. 
 
 tur-bdn see tar-. 
 
 tur-mdm see tdr-. 
 
 iiir-zdk ace. R. ^Hdrzuk mung''' s. a thar 
 of the L.-people H.H.Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 tur-lyun dor s. a spec, of boletus, dark- 
 coloured (tree-b.), edible. 
 
 tur-ve n. pr. of the first L. king, see 
 M. Gr. X, Journal of the Buddhist Text 
 Soc. IV. 96. I. Appendix. 
 
 tur-vf see tur-hi. 
 
 tur-safi n. pr. of a L. king M. X. Note. 
 
 tur-sun-dor s. a very large species tree- 
 boletus, edible. 
 
 tur-§ok see tiir-bi. 
 
 tur-'ayuk dor i. q. td-hryuk dor. Qiryiik). 
 
 tur-'ayek n. pr. of a Lepcha king M. Gr. 
 X. Note. 
 
 tur-'ayen n.pr.of a L.kingM.Gr.X.Note. 
 
 tul (see ta, tal etc.) adv. above, upper, 
 high, upwards, tiil non vb. to go upwards, 
 tul-bo Q-re) s. the upper; tul-mo s. in- 
 habitants of upper country, tul-mo cul-mo 
 the upper and lower people; tiil lyan the 
 upper country, the high-land. 
 
 tul-ld adv. above, upwards, tiil-ld non 
 vb. to go upwards; a-do fijdt-re hu-do 
 fam-cdn-ka a-myal hyip-sdn-ka tiil-ld non 
 dydt thy father-in-law goeth up (to T.) 
 to shear his sheep. G. tul-ld tiil-ld adv. 
 far and high above, tul-ld tul-ld lot non 
 to return upwards. 
 
 till kon or tul yan adv. upwards. 
 
 kiim tul adv. backwards, the head turn- 
 ed back, kum tiil-ka byi vb. to give back- 
 wards, k. t.-ka ndk vb. to look b.; k. t. 
 dydk dam vb. to tie (hands) behind back. 
 
 tu 1. vb. n. to be callous, hardened, to 
 be indifferent, to be apathetic, a-bo-nun 
 buk-ba tu-non-ne his father used to beat 
 him, he has become hardened to blows. 
 a-nyor tu vb. to hear but not attend to, 
 to be deaf to, a-lut ti a-nyo tu vb. to 
 be haughty and regardless; a-mo mak-bo 
 hu md-hryop-ne tu-non-ne when his mother 
 died, he did not cry, he had become 
 callous. 
 
 tu 2. vb. n. to become mouldy, pur- 
 mo tu to become mouldy. 
 
 tu 3. for T.'du going; in L.: direction 
 ndn tu direction of proceeding. 
 
 *tu 4. T. bdud s. evil spirit, tu kl6n 
 vb. to cause evil spirit to enter person, 
 see t'u. 
 
 *tu 5. T. dv^ s. time, season, see to; 
 tu-tsdt or frequ. to-ts'dt T. dus-tsad s. 
 period of time, season, time, tu-tsdt fi 
 the time is come; tu-tsdt md-fi-nd tet 
 md-mak-nd so will not die till (his) time 
 arrives; tu-tsdt mdk tet till time expires: 
 tik tet; tu-tsdt sd- fa-Id ever, eternal; tu- 
 tsdt-ka at the time, a-re tu-tsdt-ka at this 
 time, o-re tu-tsdt-ka at that time; tu-tsdt 
 tu-tsdt-ka at times, sometimes. 
 
 *tu-tsu also tu-tsu T. du^-rtsis s. cal- 
 culations, accounts, tu-tsu kyop vb. to 
 take accounts. 
 
136 
 
 tuk — turn 
 
 tur— *te 
 
 tuk 1. ace. Hook. 2, 7 "tooA" Hydnocarpus. 
 
 tuk 2. Tb. to be white, applied to 
 marks on forehead, as on horse, also to 
 eyes as light eyes of Europeans; a-mik 
 tuk i. q. see fuk. 
 
 a-tuk s. a white mark on forehead of 
 pigs, mon a-tuk a pig marked with white 
 forehead. 
 
 -tun postp. of the vb., it forms an im- 
 perfect subjunctive tense M. Gr. 51. yo 
 md go nd gdn go-nun a-yum U-tun if it 
 were not so, I would have certainly told 
 you; su gd yo gdn kd-yu lyan a-td-ka 
 mak-sdn len mi-zdr-mo-swn-sd vyet mat- 
 tun-re ryu-tun for it had been better for 
 us to serve the Egyptians, than, that we 
 should die in the wilderness Ex. 
 
 tuii 1. vb. to rest on stick, pd-tun tun; 
 pd-tun s. a thick stick, a walking, stick, 
 a staff; pd-no-sd pd-tun re Idn-bo-sdn the 
 kings ministers are his stafP. 
 
 *tun 2. T. dun Skt. mhkha s. 1. a conch, 
 a shell esp. Turbinella rapa; tun mat vb. 
 to blow the shell; tun-sd f am- can s. a 
 shell-animal, a large molusk. 2. China- 
 porcelain; tun la-de a China or crocking- 
 ware-plate; tun-len du to be whiter than 
 porcelain; tun tson s. anything very white 
 or pure Tbr.: milk, a virgin. See also 
 tun-ydn under ydn. 
 
 tun-kut see ton-kut. 
 
 tun ace. W. 64 "<m«" vb. to heap or 
 rise up, adj. a-tun upper, above, tun-kon 
 the upper direction; md-rd a-tun applied 
 to the people of Tibet; rin a-tun the 
 Tibetan language. 
 
 tup, a-tup s. OS femoris, os humeris, 
 tup brdn fik s. the head of the os femoris, 
 man tup the flesh on do. or the fl. and 
 bones of do.; td-luk tup the thigh or 
 thigh-bone of frog; see under td-luk. 
 
 turn (obsol. when uncompounded) s. 
 time, season, turn tiir-zut md-lun-nd pa- 
 ka time of daybreak had appeared; turn 
 lan-^uk CO lem at time of writing and 
 reading give your attention, attention to 
 be abstracted from the subject; explet. 
 to nam a year M. 137. 
 
 tur vb. 1 . to flow back, to flow towards 
 the source from whence it came un tur; 
 2. Tbr. i. q. dop q. v. M. 132. 
 
 tul tul short, stumped as tail tuk-sim 
 tul tul. See also tal 2. 
 
 te 1. a particle which affixed gives a 
 potential mood, may, might, would etc. 
 M. Gr. 92. see also jjm; td-se fin-re: "a~ldn 
 go sd-ba ndn-ba ryu fe" ydn sak-Mn-yam-o 
 i. q. a-ldn "go sd-ba n&h pu" yo sak-cin- 
 yam-o P.; sd-lom mat-sdn-ka ryu te what 
 may be the best to be done; m kd te 
 what is it, what may be the matter; hi 
 mat^twh go te what might he have done; 
 a-re su nyi te what may this be; su mat 
 go a-dom a-ldn ryak md-Kun-nd te why 
 cannot I follow you now; nd-han M kd- 
 siim pyok-tsa te ydn sak-cin-yam-o he (i. e. 
 Padmasambhava) thought: he must first 
 salute me P.; kiit-mo mat-te ydn frdm- 
 lun jum-sd nan sitting on thorns trembling 
 for fear of theft; — with sdn: to be done, 
 up to, thus far, yet, su go yo gdn o-tet 
 sdn-te dyoana-mv/m tsdn-don-ka md-tap-ne 
 for J. was not yet cast into prison J. 
 
 te 2. vb. to fidget with, to move about 
 idly as hand, fingers, to rattle as tongue, 
 a-kd te to keep one hand in motion, 
 a-bon te to keep one's tongue rattling, 
 to jaw; — te-te (soothing a baby) take 
 take, see pd-pat under pat. 
 
 *te 3. T. stegs s. the basis of pillar, 
 the lintel of door, see *k6n-te (footstool 
 T. rkan-stegs), *sap-te; *sin-te the found- 
 ation of anything. 
 
 *te T. dadQ-pa) (vb. to believe, s. faith). 
 *te nen ill faith, dishonour, disgrace; — 
 *te-bo T. dad-pa (faith, creed) used by 
 L.'s as respect, honour, loyalty, te-bo mat 
 vb. to place faith in, to respect, to honour, 
 as co-bo to his lama's. — *te-md T. dad- 
 mos s. reverence, veneration, tx-md mat 
 vb. to revere, to venerate, to adore, to 
 worship. 
 
 *te T. de; *te'jin T. de-bsin in L. used 
 in sense 1. of one's own accord, 2. after 
 the manner; te-jin bam -bo s. an inde- 
 pendent person; te-jin lorn vb. to walk 
 
te-nen — tek 
 
 tek— tet 
 
 137 
 
 for one's own pleasure, without any par- 
 ticular object, te-ji7i md-ro do mak vb. to 
 die a natural death; sd-na te-jin zo vb. 
 to eat after the manner of bear. 
 
 te-nen juk rfn fo the yellow-bellied blue 
 magpie, Urocissa flavirostris; ace. Je. 2, 310 
 ' ' tying-jong-ring' ' . 
 
 tek 1. (see also tik, tek, fyek and dek) 
 vb. to be finished, to be ended (as day, 
 month) ace. W. 74 gone see rum tek; — 
 sd-ayak tek the day when funeral ob- 
 sequies are completed; sd-ayak a-tek a-tek- 
 ka ayok mat md-ydn-ne days on which is 
 not proper to work: they are the 4th 
 and 8 th day after death of male relative 
 the 3d and 4th after death of female. — 
 tek-bo s. the last, ayen tek-bo the last child. — 
 tiik-tek s. the end, the last, pd-pal t.-t. the 
 end; ending, finishing, termination; see paZ. 
 
 tek 2. vb. to serve, to be of service to, 
 tek han vb. or tek han aiat vb. to attend 
 upon, to assist P.; tek han-(ma{)-bo s. an 
 attendant, a servant; J. — a-tek or a-tek 
 a-han s. service, a-tek a-han le gyo vb. 
 to do service, to serve. 
 
 dar tek s. a god, a good man. 
 
 tek 3. I. vb. t. T. teg{-pa), '(egs{-pa) 
 to pack up, to put up, to put into, to 
 keep, to preserve, to put by as into safe, 
 to deposit, a-tek-ka tek to put by into 
 safe, on cupboard etc.; hon. i. q. L. lap 
 to bury fun tek, Id-zii tek to bury a corpse 
 J. M. — tek fo vb. i. q. tek I; tek fom-bo 
 a place for laying by anything, a re- 
 pertory, a cupboard. — tek nydn vb. to 
 preserve, tek nydn fo id., /lu-nun fam a-re 
 kd-sii fun tek-sdn sd-ayak tet tek nydn fo 
 against the day of my burying hath she 
 kept this J. — tek Ion vb. to keep, to 
 preserve, ho-nun kun-can a-ryum ik-sdn- 
 te tek Ion-bam thou hast kept the good 
 wine until now J. 
 
 a-tek s. a safe, depository; burying. 
 
 II. s. bowl, a small bamboo-holder for 
 food, tek vam "a scooped-out holder", a 
 wooden bowl, a bamboo-holder; tiin-bo 
 tek i. q. pa- tek. — pd-tek s. a vessel or 
 holder for nnything, un pd-tek s. a water- 
 
 holder, num pd-tek s. an oil-vessel, zo 
 pd-tek s. a rice-holder; i. q. don, don-mo. 
 tek 4. twi-tek, tdn-tek i. q. tun-tok s. a 
 bamboo-cap. 
 
 *tek 5. T. rdeg{-pa to beat) vb. t. to 
 knock against, to stumble against i. q. 
 gok; to ram a stake; obsc. fam tek bv 
 feminam subigere; — tek-bo s. a stumbling- 
 block, an obstacle. 
 
 *tek 6. T. 'degs(-pa, see tek 1.) vb. to 
 lift up, to raise, to support, to exalt pd- 
 no pun-di tek to exalt king and queen; 
 to weigh son tek (with scales); by 6m tek 
 to mark out (field), to commence. — fi 
 kun tek great- great -great grandfather; 
 tek-nal s. progenitors, founders of a race. 
 tek bar mik zo s. a spec, rice (zo). 
 ten 1. vb. t. I. to cut square or even 
 as end of post etc., to circumcise, cok- 
 fun ten (he) was circumcised in the flesh 
 of his foreskin G. — a-ten adj. divided, 
 cut off, s. incision. — II. edge of pre- 
 cipice sd-gor ten. See also tin. 
 
 *teri 2. T. steh advly. above, ten fok s. 
 an upper story of house. 
 *ten-Sd incorr. for tiii-sd. 
 tet I. vb. t. to place a mark so as to 
 be able to recognize place, II. s. a mark, 
 a sign, a token, a scar of wound, co-ka 
 tet kyop or fo vb. to place a mark in 
 book; CO tet s. a bookmark; kun-ka tet 
 mat vb. to make a mark on tree to re- 
 cognize place or as sign for it to be cut 
 down; Idm-ka tet fo or kyop vb. to place 
 a mark to recognize road. 
 
 tet, tyet vb. to flee, to run away, to 
 desert, tet non to run away, tet kon vb. 
 to put to flight, to let flee; tet-bo s. a 
 deserter, one who flees, a fugitive; Tni- 
 zdr-sd pd-no-ka lok-re tyet non ydn dun- 
 nun-sd . . . and it was told the king of 
 E. that the people fled Ex. 
 
 tet (also tydt and tyet) particle; till, 
 until, thus many, thus far, so much, see 
 under a (a-tet), o (o-tet), sd (sd-tet); I'u 
 tet as much as possible, yiit tet for a 
 moment, momentarily, a-bo tet a-kup md- 
 zuk-ne the child is not as good as the 
 
 9* 
 
138 
 
 *tet-mo— *ten 
 
 tep— tel 
 
 father; yd tet sak-cin md-Ku-ne as far as 
 my knowledge of the matter goes, it is 
 not so or I cannot recollect it as such; 
 sd-ron tet md-U-ne have not seen it up 
 to day; ndk tet md-U-ne not to be seen 
 within sight; li tet tdm md-ga-ne as far 
 as evidence goes, there is no proof; td- 
 dyan tet md-zdn-ne it is not so (cold) as 
 last year; go lot md-di-nd tet ho md-no- 
 nun do not go until my return. See 
 nyi dok. 
 
 *tet-mo T. Itad-mo s. spectacle, show, 
 play, theatre; a wonder Ex.; tet-mo ci 
 T. Itad-mo gzigs (-pa) vb. to behold to 
 look at a show, tet-mo ndk id.; tet-mo 
 nydt vb. to show a spectacle, a wonder. 
 
 ten 1. vb. n. to be short; adj. short; 
 vb. t. to shorten i. q. ten-byi vb.; fan ten- 
 non to have leg become short; a-so ten- 
 non muscles to be shrunk up. 
 
 *ten 2. 1. T. bstan(-pd); "sun-ten (in- 
 corr. : sun-tydn) T. gsun-bstan s. command- 
 ments. — *pe-ten T. dpe-ten s. a precept, 
 a moral doctrine; apologue. — *tem-po, 
 tem-bo also incorr. tyem-bo T. bstan-ba s. 
 law, rule, doctrine, regulation, govern- 
 ment, sdn-gye tem-bo s. the Buddhist 
 religion; tem-bo tsam vb. c. c. -ka to rule 
 Gren. tem-bo tsdk vb. to establish a law, 
 a government; t.-bo-sd ko s. the order 
 of government. 
 
 2. T.,rten s. a hold, a support; repre- 
 sentative *sdm-ten T. sems-ten a r. of the 
 will or mind; a visible representation; 
 *ku-ten T. sku-rten a statue, a figure; 
 abode, residence, "^Ma-ten T. hla-rten s. 
 an idol, shrine; a symbol, token; *lun- 
 ten T. lun-rten s. prognostication, pro- 
 phesy; tem-bre T. rten-brel s. omen, sign, 
 auspices, t.-b. a-ryum good efPect, adj. 
 auspicious, t.-b. a-jdn evil effect, adj. 
 inauspicious, t.-b. nye-wiin-sd sut evil 
 tidings. — T. rten(-pa) vb. to depend, to 
 rely on, s. that which supports, that which 
 holds, 16m ten vb. to guide, to in- 
 struct, in L. used in s. of direction 
 sd-lem ten whither (is he going). 
 
 a-ten adj. permanent, fixed, settled, 
 
 established, a-ten bam-bo s. a permanent 
 settler, one who resides always in the 
 same place, mlo a-ten s. a fixture; I6m 
 a-ten s. an established road, public road; 
 
 tep 1. incorr. for fyep q. v. 
 
 tep 2. vb.. 1. to dam up water ur'i tep, 
 dyuk tep spittle to collect in, mouth; 
 2. s. a contrivance for catching fish by 
 stopping up the water forming a fall 
 and placing nets thereon; tep tsdk vb. 
 to catch fish lit. to guard as they fall 
 over the current formed by t. 
 
 *tein T. ItemQ-pa full, see also Itam-pa) 
 in L. vb. t. 1. to stufP as mouth, basket, 
 2. to fill to the mouth (as pit), 3. n. to 
 be stuffed up, to be bound, .to be costive 
 as bowels; td-bdk tern; pd-hdn tern ndn 
 hole to be filled up; tem-Mn mon s. 
 binding medicine; confused with fern 
 q. V. fdt tem-ld zuk. 
 
 a-tem s. stuffing, thrusting into, press- 
 ing into. 
 
 *tetTi-po, tem-bo see under ten 2. 1. 
 
 *tem-pdn also tani-p6n T. tem-pa M. s. 
 1. a threshold, 2. flights of steps. 
 
 tem-bar {a-^kun s. n. of a tree, Xantho- 
 xylum acanthopodium; miin-gu t.-b. s. 
 another spec. i. q. sd-fi rik q. v.; t.-b. nyok 
 s. n. of a large shrub Skimmia laureola. 
 
 * tem-bre see ten 2. 2. 
 
 tem-gyen to s. ace. Je. 2, 259 a spec, 
 fiowerpecker, Ixulus occipitalis Q'-tem- 
 gyeng-pho"). 
 
 *ter 1. T. gter s. treasures, hidden 
 treasures, the treasures of the earth, ne- 
 ter-sd lyan s. a place of hidden treasure, 
 ter ran-bo ma-ra mun Mara as guardian 
 of treasures P.; ter-sd mlo used in sense 
 of all the works of God: rum-sd ter the 
 blessings of God. 
 
 ter 2. s. a spec, kingfisher. Halcyon 
 coromandelicus. W., R. 205. See also 
 siin-kydn pd-lan. 
 
 tel 1. i. q. tydl see under tdl. 
 
 tel 2. (see also let) vb. n. to be ended, 
 to be finished, to terminate; tel-bo s. the 
 end, the final. — a-tel s. the end, the 
 extremity, the horizon, a-tel lyan s. the 
 
to~*to 
 
 to— toh 
 
 139 
 
 confines of a country, the frontier; rh'i 
 a-tel the end of speaking, co a-tel the 
 end of a book, li a-tel the extremity of 
 a house. 
 
 to 1. adv. (see also to) up there, up, 
 above; to to high above, there; to fu high 
 above; to-ba there above (distant) less 
 definite than to-bi there above (near); 
 to-o there above; to-lon upwards, straight 
 upwards M. 73. — to-re adj. s. that above, 
 that up there. See ton 2. 
 
 to 2. pron. rel. interr. who, which, what; 
 it is sometimes used for things as well 
 as persons, sun-mut pum-byon to con- 
 nun-go the wind or the clouds which is 
 the swifter; to-lta to whom, whom, to- 
 ka-ld 1. whom, whomsoever; 2. any one, 
 every one, to-ka-ld md-tydn-ne it has 
 happened to no one; to-ka-ld vydt gdn 
 Kyet md-nyin-ne ask whomsoever you 
 please, nothing to me; to-ka-ld sd-re 
 gat-re to every one what he wanted; to 
 kd-ka Id md-non-ne kd-ka non-so tho' he 
 may have escaped others he shall not 
 escape me; lit. into whosoever power he 
 may not have gone (or fallen) he shall 
 into mine, to-nun from whom, who, to- 
 nun-ld mat-bo md-nyin-ne without cause; 
 to-nun to-ka pon yd Id mat-td-o do ]nutual 
 service let every one do good one to 
 another; — to-ld every one, every body, 
 to-ld m,d-nyin-ne no one, no body, there 
 is no one, to-ld md-si-ne no one has seen, 
 tyol to-ld md-lon-ne mat-tun bring no one 
 along with him; — to-sd whose, to-sd 
 a-kup whose child, to-sd a-kup gdn-ld ho 
 m mat-sdn-go what business is it of yours 
 whose child I am; to-sd nyi go-run whose- 
 soever it may be; to-sd-re whosoever, 
 whatsoever; to-sd re U-wun-re whatsoever 
 any one may say; — to gun-nd whosoever, 
 anyone, every one. to gdh-ld whoever; 
 to go-run whoever, whosoever, anyone; 
 to zdn like whom; to lyan with whom,, 
 along with whom. 
 
 *to 3. T. das s. baggage, burden, to bii 
 vb. to carry b., to bun-bo s. a carrier of 
 burden, to -bo s. a porter; — to ka s. a 
 
 piece of wood fixed in baskets etc. to 
 strengthen the frame-work. 
 
 to 4. see pan to, negat. pan md-to-ne. 
 
 to 5. see cok-to a flat tomb. 
 
 *to 6. T. rtogs(-pa') vb. to understand, 
 to know, see under nan to, tan to. 
 
 *to-ddt T. dod (equivalent) s. equality, 
 uniformity M. 138; /cat tet to-ddt mat vb. 
 to do as much as one is capable of; to- 
 ddt fak vb. to equal, to reach to; to-ddt 
 md-fak-ne it is not equal to. 
 
 *to-mo T. dor-ma s. pantalons, trowsers, 
 to-mo 6t vb. to take off trowsers, to-mo 
 suk vb. to put on trowsers. 
 
 to-tsu s. account, to-tsu kyop vb. to take 
 account, as of money, to call a person, 
 to account as for actions. See also tu-tsu. 
 
 *to-tsdt frequ. incorr. for tu-ts'dt q. v. 
 
 *to-t§(}n T. Ito and tsan s. a companion, 
 a fellow-lodger. 
 
 to-rd J. i. q. td-ro q. v. 
 
 tok 1. vb. 1. to be respectful, md-tok- 
 nd li to speak disrespectfully. 
 
 tok 2. vb. to sound wrongly, to have 
 impediment in speach, to speak wrongly, 
 to mispronounce; to be out of time as 
 voice from cold. 
 
 tok 3. Tjdog vb. to be narrow; to be 
 too small to obtain (as box), to be ob- 
 structed as road (see tok 2?); to be in 
 distress, to be in difficulty. 
 
 *tok 4. T. rtog{-pa) vb. to judge, try, 
 prove, examine, rin tok to investigate an 
 afPair. 
 
 *tok 5. T. dogs(-pa) vb. to fear toknydn; 
 s. danger, fear, dread for, a dangerous 
 crisis, tok-ka ti vb. to reach a dangerous 
 cr.; tok-bo dot vb. to recover fr. danger, 
 to remove cause of dread. See under nam. 
 
 *tok 5. T. gtog(^-pa) vb. to pull out, 
 to pull up as roots, to extract. 
 
 tok s. the head. Hooker 2, 33; the 
 top of anything, top-ornament etc.; the 
 chief, the great, tok pd-no the great king; 
 tok td-lyd dd the chief of waters; tok nd- 
 li nd-z6n nyo the great goddess of pro- 
 creation; mk-tok (abbrev. also tok in 
 comp.) tlie neck, tok lin s. the cervical 
 
140 
 
 to k—* ton 
 
 ton— tpr 
 
 vertebra; tiik-tok cak s. id.; tuk-tok tin 
 vb. to cut off head with one stroke, to 
 behead, to decapitate, tuk-tok-ka ti vb. 
 to be at point of death Tbr.; tuk-tok-ka 
 zdk yb. to be dead Tbr. 
 
 tok 6. s. a vessel for ghi woV tok; — 
 pd-tok (see M) a bamboo -platter, a 
 wooden platter. 
 
 a-tok s. the red Khododendron a-tok 
 kun; a-tok mot the white Eh. 
 
 *ton 1. num. T. ston thousand J., see 
 ha-zar; *ton-hr6k T. ston-prak id., ton- 
 nydt 2000, ton-kat-sd kd-ti 1010, ton-gyo 
 a hundred thousand. 
 
 *ton 2. (T. don gone) to be extinct, 
 as race; to be obsolete, as word; a-gyit 
 ton-non race or family to be extinct; 
 nrl ton-non language to be extinct; tmk 
 ton-non word to be obsolete. 
 
 *ton 3. T. ston{-pa) 1. empty, void; 
 unpopulated, uninhabited, set ton T. set- 
 stor't void of strength, nyot torfi an open 
 place for cultivation, ton-s6 T. ston-sa 
 
 1. an open place of ground, t.-so snt vb. 
 to make a clearance, to clear a space 
 of ground from trees; 2. n. pr. of a lake 
 below sd-ton; — ton cet T. ston cad (a 
 broken pledge) an empty, void contract, 
 ton cet mat vb. to forget; cet-ton T. cad- 
 ston a void contract. — 2. broad, as road 
 ton lorn or lorn ton s. a highroad, a high- 
 way T. ston lam. — ton-lem straight in 
 direction of. 
 
 *ton 4. T. ytohi^ha) 1. to let go, to 
 depute; 2. to give, to bestow; ton cak 
 ton fat to propitiate T., it was done 
 chiefly by offerings of gold, silver or 
 jewelry more than by the usual fowl-offer- 
 ing; 3. a fine, a compensation for man's 
 slaughter, t. zdk vb. to be fined for do.; 
 t. Mk vb. to pay do. 
 
 *ton 5. T. don s. 1. a pit, an abyss, a 
 profundity, ton h&fi s. id.; ton-dek see 
 tdn-dek the regions below td-lyd da. 
 
 2. a tube, hollow cylindrical vessel, *ton- 
 cun T. don-cun s. a small tube, percussion- 
 cup or anything of that sort, td-kli ton 
 the colon, great gut; 3. a granary zo ton. 
 
 (1) reduplic. sun-tori lyan siin-ton zon 
 a place full of ravines; (2) sun-ton fya 
 dot to dig for deep buk Tbr.; sun- ton 
 cuk-sd su t'o to cork up. M. 
 
 ton 6. i. q. tan (to bind), a-toh (a-tan) 
 a sheaf of corn. 
 
 (ton) 7. reduplic. siin-ton, a-nyor sun- 
 ton deaf, sun-ton tek bam to be deaf Tbr. 
 *ton-kut s. (T. skud see ku£) thread, 
 wire, tm- tmi-kut s. silk-thread, jer ton- 
 kut s. gold-wire, kom ton-kut s. silver- 
 wire, pun-jen ton-kut s. iron-wire, ki to/'i- 
 kiit s. co.ttou-thread. 
 
 ton tik-fo i. q. kum-si bon-fo, Geocichla 
 citrina see under si. M. 
 toii-de see under fon-de. 
 ton-mik s. a light repast before bed- 
 time, zo t.-m. tu-tsdt supper-time. 
 
 ton-mun s. n. of evil spirit, represented 
 as an old man, ton-mun zdk vb. to suffer 
 under influence of t; swellings, as cold 
 in the eye or face etc., used to be attri- 
 buted to him the victim considering he 
 had received a blow from the staff of 
 this mun. 
 
 *ton-'ayuk T. dbyug{-pa) (to cast, to 
 fling) s. powder Tbr. for *ze q. v. to/i- 
 ayiik op vb. to fire off powder (as gun 
 without bullet). 
 
 tot vb. to be rough, to be unpolished, 
 coarse; tot-ld adv. i. q. pd-tot-ld or piir- 
 tot-ld rough, rugged, unpolished M. 67; 
 td-fap tot vb. "to wrinkle the mouth", 
 to grin Tbr. 
 
 top vb. to rest upon, to lean upon 
 (lightly), to lay hands on, top-lu/l din 
 to stand with hand resting lightly on 
 anything. See top 1. 
 
 "top T. stobs s. power, force, t.-nyim-bo 
 s. a powerful man, a great or wealthy 
 person. 
 
 torn, reduplic. tum-tom-ld swelling, 
 puffed out. 
 
 *tom cot T. Ito mcod s. a thanksgiving, 
 
 a grace before meals, torn cot mat vb. 
 
 to render the thanksgiving; see also 
 
 tarn- cot. 
 
 tor 1. vb. to run away, to flee, to 
 
tor— *td 
 
 'td-mo— *tdk 
 
 141 
 
 escape, to desert, tor-non fled, deserted. 
 See td)\ tyor. 
 
 tor 2. a) Tbr. vb. to be burned as 
 house a-do U tor non. b) see fyuk tor 
 s. ambuscade; fr. T. gtor{-ba)l. 
 
 *tor 3. T. gtor, tor-mo T. gtor-ma s. 
 an offering and ceremony of casting out 
 evil spirits tor-dok T. gtor-zlog s. id.; 
 tor-dok njak s. ceremony of casting out 
 evil spirits; tor-mo ton vb. to offer offer- 
 ing; tor Icuk s. a bag for containing the 
 articles of o.; tor t'ep s. a small dish for 
 holding oblation; tor bum s. the vessel 
 for holding wateroffering. 
 *tor-mo see to-mo. 
 
 tol, a-tol adj. heavy-rumped, slow to 
 move, inactive, used with tHk-cek: t.-c. 
 tol-bo a heavy lout. 
 
 -td should be -t-6 see under 6. 
 td l.s. buttermilk. '^QeT:.dar{-ba),da-ra. 
 *td 2. T. gtar(-ba) see *hrdk to T. 
 /i'rag gtar. 
 
 *td 3. T. 'dogs{-pa) see kyon td s.v. kyon. 
 *td 4. 1. T. rtags s. a mark, sign, 
 token, characteristic, an evidence of, in- 
 dication of, mo-sd to the scar of wound, 
 go-nun a-dom kldn-nuii-sd to a-re gum 
 this shall be a token unto thee, that I 
 have sent thee Ex. ; a-kd-sd to a person's 
 mark in place of signature; a-liit-sd to 
 a-mlem-ka pld the workings of heart are 
 written in face; *t6 tydn (T. rtags bstan) 
 vb. to show sign, to tydn-bo a mark as 
 in order to know a thing again, a sign, 
 a signal. — 2. T. rtogs{-pa) or Itos, mik to 
 vb. to recognize; — 3. T. Itas s. portent, 
 omen, prodigy to nyo, bik dum-pu-ka tuk- 
 sim myil gdn to giim if a cow winds its 
 tail round post of house, it portends evil; 
 li dum-pu du-ba aii gdn to gum when 
 digging a hole for house-post, if a hole 
 is found it is ominous; so-nap-ka hik ryan 
 gdn to gum if a cock crow at night it is 
 ominous; kd-ju yoJi gdn to gum if a dog 
 howl it is 0.; hik-mot ryan gdn to gum 
 if a hen crow (at all), it is a bad sign; 
 han-la klo 9^^ t^ 9'«-'m if a thunderbolt 
 falls, it is ominous. 
 
 Deriv. (1) tot, a-tot s. 1. a sign, in- 
 dication; moh tot s. the indications of 
 dream; so yu-sdn-sd tot a sign that it 
 will rain, so r yu-sdn-sd tot a s. of good 
 weather, 2. a ledge (as in rock Idn tot), 
 a furrow (of earth), a step (as of stairs 
 pd-kyo tot), a notch (in wood) a-tot nyi 
 nan to be notched; tot tdt hron vb. to go 
 up step by step. 
 
 tot mat vb. to make mark, to indicate. 
 tot den s. remarks, observations, the 
 result of indications. 
 
 *td-mo T. gtd-rna s. a pledge, a pawn, 
 a surity, to-mo to or fap vb. to place in 
 pawn or pledge, to give as surity (person 
 or thing); to-mo pli vb. to repudiate one's 
 responsibility; to-mo lut vb. to redeem 
 pledge; mi-sd to-mo s. personal security, 
 bail; gi-c6-sd to-mo s. hypothecation of 
 goods. 
 
 tdk 1. ononi. dropping from tree so tok 
 glo. tok tok drop by drop M. 68; cfr. 
 T. btig{-pd). 
 
 tdk 2., a-tok s. a hollow in which birds 
 chiefly make their nest, fo tok s. a birds 
 nest; md-rd mun tok s. the abode of 
 Mara in hollow of rock. 
 
 tdk 3. (see 2?) vb. t. to insert as stick 
 into hole, to stuff up hole by inserting 
 anything into it aii tok; obsc. vb. copulare, 
 s. lustful dalliance. 
 
 *tdk 4. fr. T. pf. bfags fr. "fag {-pa to 
 grind) grinding, lun-tok a handmill. 
 
 *tdk 5. T. rtog(-pa) vb. t. to try, to 
 examine, to investigate. See tok 4. 
 
 *tdk 6. T. 'dag{-pa) vb. n. to be pure, 
 clean, t. to purify, to cleanse, md-z-ii tok 
 to purify body; Id-yo tok-non the sin is 
 washed out; — tok-bo adj. pure, justified; 
 — tdk-ld purely; tok-ld ii vb. to speak 
 purely, correctly, tok-ld mat 1. to cleanse, 
 2. to excuse, justify; — tok-lu s. purify- 
 ing, o-ba Idn za-din td-rdk rel-ld-ka pd- 
 tek nydt sam zon su-wun-sd dyodi-sdn-sd 
 tok-lu-sd po-ld nydn fo-ivun nyi there 
 were set there six waterpots of stone, 
 after the manner of the purifying of the 
 Jews, containing two or three firkins 
 
142 
 
 t6n-tdp 
 
 apiece J. — tok-ldt s. purity, chastity. — 
 a-tok adj. pure, clear, holy, virtuous, mu 
 fdt-re a-fon man-po com md-gat-ne yaii-ld 
 Im tydn-nd tok bam un a-yu a-tok gum 
 yaii-ld gun-nd a-tok md-go-ne he that is 
 washed needeth not save to wash his feet, 
 but is cleau every whit: and ye are clean, 
 but not all J. 
 
 tdn see tdn; ton (thousand). 
 
 t6n 1. a-t&n 1. the beginning, the be- 
 ginning of a field, a-ton z6n as at first, 
 as before; 2. the chief root of ginger, 
 bamboo, the rhizome of plantain, the 
 lower part of tree. 
 
 tdn 2. vb. n. to be covered with dirt 
 md-74 ton ham; a-tdn adj. dirty. 
 
 *t6h 3. T. gton(-ba) vb. t. to let have, 
 to give, to make, to cause, jiim-bo ton 
 vb. to give alms; mi rek ton vb. to give 
 to the flames (as country); hrim ton 
 vb. to inflict punishment; son ton yh. to 
 confer purification, to purify; mi ton vb. 
 to compensate for man's slaughter, s. com- 
 pensation for do.; led ton vb. to abuse, 
 see Mo, s. abuse. See also ton. 
 
 tdt 1. see (6 4. 
 
 tdt 2. vb. to hold between teeth, tot 
 bu non vb. to go along holding between 
 teeth as dog carrying anything, a-U tot 
 to get tongue between teeth. 
 
 tdn 1. vb. to become barren a-kup ton- 
 non-ne. 
 
 tdn 2. above, upper, superior, ton myin 
 above and below; met. brow-beating t6n- 
 nun-sd rin brow-beating language; — 
 a-ton adj. upper, above a-ton kon s. the 
 upper side. See also to 1. 
 
 tdp 1. vb. t. I. to support, to sustain, 
 to press up, to rest on, tdp to vb. to 
 place support; II. to assist, to supply, to 
 nourish, md-rd kom-sd tdp to help a man 
 with money, t6p-ld mat vb. 1. id. krit- 
 idn-bo-sdn-ka top-Id mat to provide for 
 the poor P.; 2. to administer to one's 
 wants; sak tdp to uphold the mind, to 
 encourage, to comfort; III. to enjoy, to 
 employ c6 top to make tea, gan Ion 
 tmm-sdn mim-lom top-so there hereafter 
 
 *tdp— *tdm 
 
 you will enjoy the blessing of meeting 
 me P. 
 
 top-bo s. a prop, a support, a stay, a 
 supporter; tdp-sdn &. 1. id., 2. subsistence. 
 — a-top s. 1. a support, li top a prop of 
 house, 2. explet. to a-pyil q. v. 
 
 Deriv. pa-top s. the neck, also put- 
 tdp. — pUn-tdp s. assistance, help: pun- 
 tdp piin-jd; U pun-top props to a house; 
 pun-tdp mat vb. to help, to assist. 
 
 Cans, tydp to lean against, to recline 
 against, tun-gron tun-gryop-ka tydp ham 
 the ladder is resting against the wall; 
 tydp da vb. to lean J.; tydp(-Mn) fo vb. 
 to place in a leaning position; tydp ham 
 1. to be reclining, to be asleep, 2. Tbr.: 
 to be dead. — a-tydp a. leaning, a-tydp 
 lyar'i place to lean on. 
 
 *tdp 2. T. stobQ-pa) vb. to give, to 
 bestow, to grant, to offer, to present. 
 
 tdm 1. vb. (cfr. T. rtan-po adj. firm) 
 to be firm, to be strong, stedfast, to be 
 unyielding, resolute, to be constant, tdm- 
 liin hrim vb. to punish severily; to get 
 fixed in running stream as tree, jungle 
 kun uA-kyon-ka tdm-ndn the tree has be- 
 come fixed in the stream when before 
 floating down. — tdm kdn vb. to harden, 
 hu-nun lok-rem ndn md-knn-nd sdn-ka 
 go-nun hit lut tdm kdn-so I will harden 
 his heart, that he shall not let the people 
 go Ex. — tdm-bo adj. strong, firm, solid, 
 inflexible, tdm-ld adv. strongly, firmly, 
 tdm-ld dam vb. to bind firmly, tdm-ld li 
 vb. to speak firmly; tom-ld zuk vb. to 
 work strongly, a-lUt tdm-ld mat to 
 strengthen the heart. 
 
 a-tdm adj. strong, severe (as punish- 
 ment), a-kd a-tdm 1. a strong arm, 2. a 
 miser; rin a-tdm li vb. to speak decidedly. 
 
 tdm-ldt s. strength, power, firmness, 
 severity. 
 
 tdm 2., tUm-tdm-ld broad (as face), 
 thick (as neck). 
 
 tdm 3., dUm-tdm s. the loom or rather 
 part of the loom over which the warp 
 is stretched, the upper frame-work. 
 
 *tdm 4. T. Itam full, t.-ld blydn to fill 
 
tdm— tyak, a-tyak 
 
 tyak, ka-tydk— tyat 
 
 143 
 
 full; — hon. to be born fa-no tom-non 
 the king is born. 
 
 tdm 5. Tb. to charge with, to give in 
 charge, to commission dyok t. byi vb. to 
 c. with a business; gi-c6 t. byi \h. to give 
 property into charge; torn lyd to receive 
 charge of; t. lyan a place of deposit; 
 torn -bo a depositary. 
 
 *tdm 6. T. gtam s. speach, talk, dis- 
 course, used also in s. of evidence, verbal 
 instruction. — tdm-ydm-bo s. one acquaint- 
 ed with speach, eloquent; tom-nyim-bo 
 speaking, able to speak. — pe torn s. 
 a proverb, a saying. — torn to s. lit. a 
 characteristic of teaching, discipline, sub- 
 jection, subjugation; torn to mat vb. to 
 correct, to teach one a lesson by chastise-, 
 ment, to tame, to humble, to subjugate. 
 *tdm-ku T. fa-ma-Ica s. tobacco, tdm-kii 
 cop vb. to chew tobacco, to spit it out, 
 tom-kii fan vb. to smoke t., tom-ku f&ni 
 vb. to chew t. See also tam-ku. 
 tdm-co i. q. tom-cot. 
 
 tdr 1. vb. to ward off, to guard against, 
 to fence off, pd-tu tor to ward off a blow, 
 fydn tsok tdr to guard against the enemy, 
 so-z6n tor to to take precautions against 
 cold, un tsot tor to guard against a flood 
 by making embankments. 
 
 *tdr T. dar s. silk, see tar 4.; tor rip a 
 flowered silk-cloth; sail of boat, perhaps 
 from the above word silk, or should be 
 perhaps more correctly written tor q. v. 
 tdl, a-tol 1. s. a block of wood, kun 
 tol, san tdl, 2. i. q. tol. 
 
 tdl tdl- adj. short (dress), tdl-ld tdl-ld 
 short as clothes; tdl-ld tdl-ld dydm to 
 wear short clothes. 
 
 tya, tyd-ld tyd-ld or td-tyd-ld adv. 
 appearing small as from a distance also 
 small, not full grown, a-p6t td-tyd-ld pot 
 nan fruit to . hang far at extremity of 
 branch; td-tyd-ld si to seem small from 
 distance. 
 
 tya-kat in great numbers, innumerable, 
 incalculable. 
 
 tyak, a-tyak adj. small, minute, little, 
 nyot t. a small cultivation; tydk-bo small. 
 
 little; tydk-pdn or a-tydk s. nicknacks 
 (applied to any little domestic furniture), 
 also applied to a field and a few other 
 things. 
 
 tydk, ka-tyik s. 1. white star or mark 
 on breast as of bear, kiir-gv, tyak a white 
 star on breast; sd-na kd-tydk s. the white 
 .mark on breast of bear. 2. s. palpitation, 
 fluttering kd-tydk-ld li vb. to feel palpi- 
 tation. 
 
 tydk-ld or tydk-kd tydk-kd adv. agitation, 
 palpitation of heart, tydk-ld or tydk-kd 
 tydk-kd li vb. to feel agitation or palpi- 
 tation. 
 
 tydii s. adj. the whole, the total; all, 
 every, tydii mak-bo all the dead, a-yu- 
 nun kd-sum go-nun 7nd-r6 tydii a-kydt 
 sd-uyak-ka sd-ld mat-ren sak-lyak-kun-d 
 are ye angry at me because I have made 
 a man every whit whole on the sabbath- 
 day? J. — tydit-iid adv. altogether, en- 
 tirely; tydii- nd sd-tet nyi-wuri-go how 
 many are there in all, what's the total. 
 tyan, a-tyuii adj. young, small (applied 
 only to children) o'« a-tydii, nikn-lyeii 
 a-tydri; tydii enough for a child tydn-nd 
 tydii-iid inquiringly; small, just enough 
 for a child, tydn-nd tydn-nd 16m vb. to 
 walk looking carefully at one's steps as 
 child when first beginning to walk; bon 
 tydn-sd a-z6m a mouthful of food, uyeii 
 bon, tydn-iiu. tydn-nd a child just able to eat. 
 tyan vb. 1. to be steep as descent, 
 2. to be topsy-turvy i. q. tyiiii, tyuk. 
 
 tyat 1., a-tydt, sd-tydt etc. see under 
 tet] see also tydt 2. 
 
 tyat 2. vb. t. 1. to touch, kd-sum md- 
 tydt-tUn do not touch me; to feel, to try 
 go tydt ndk-so I shall feel it, I shall try 
 it; 2. also tydt to be finished Id-vo tydt- 
 non month to be completed; rin tydt-ld 
 li vb. to finish speaking; nyen con tydt 
 vb. to complete negociations for the price 
 of bride; tydt zuk vb. to finish kd-sHm 
 kl6n-bo-sd fu-sdin tydt zuk-kuH-sd M dyok 
 lel-Mn-re kd-su a-zom gii.m my meat is to 
 do the will of him that sent me, and to 
 finish his work J. 
 
144 
 
 iySt— tyap 
 
 tyam— tyal 
 
 ty4t (see also tydt) vb. t. to hack, to 
 hew as wood kun tydt; kd-lok-nun tydt- 
 non gnawed by rat. 
 
 tyan 1. vb. to fall in with, as with the 
 enemy fydn tydn, to meet with, as with 
 calamity sd-fi tyan, to happen, ka non-so 
 fi sun-miit di-wun-sd tyan sd-ld as soon 
 as we meet with a favorable wind P.; 
 to obtain a-jdm tyan to obtain the fruits 
 of one's acts; to be seasonable, opportune. 
 — tydn-lun 1. happening, occurring; 
 2. accidentally, tydn-lun gal vb. to break 
 accidentally. — tydn-ldt s. occurrence, 
 event, incident, casuality. 
 
 a-tydn s. season; occurrence, event, 
 opportunity P. a-tydn-ka md-mat-nd gdn 
 mat md-liun-nd so if you do not take the 
 opportunity you will not be able to do 
 it; a-tydn zdk-liin accidentally; — a-tydn 
 ryu a fortunate time, a-tydn md-ryu-nd 
 an unlucky time. 
 
 tyan 2. cans, of tdn, ton to drink q. v. 
 
 tyan 3. vb. t. to stop, to stay, not to 
 permit to go, a-kup-nun a-mo tyan the 
 child stops the mother. 
 
 tyan 4. i. q. tdn, ten. 
 
 tyap 1., tyip (see also tydi) 1. to touch 
 lightly, gently; 2. to be concluded, ended, 
 finished as speach a-ldn kd-su rin tyap 
 now my saying is finished; cognated with 
 Liishai tap: d-tap-td "it has ended" Brojo 
 Nath Shaha, a grammar of the L. language, 
 Calc. 1884. 87. — a-tydp, a-tydp a-nat (2) 
 s. meaning as of word. 
 
 tyap 2. vb. 1. to knot; 2. to be over- 
 whelming in power, to be extreme in 
 anything; 3. to be perplex, embarrassed, 
 4. to be inexorable, selfwilled a-tyak-kun 
 tydp to be headstrong, 5. to be intricate 
 in speach. — s. a-tydp (also adj.) s. 1. a 
 knot kun tydp a knot in wood, tuk-pdt 
 tydp joint of knee, can tydp lumbar verte- 
 brae, adj. tough, hard (said of wood), 
 2. s. the extreme of anything, a whirl- 
 wind, see also under cdp and sun-mut 
 (mdt^, muk-sd a-tydp thick ]ung\e, diik-sd 
 a-tydp great difficulty, u/l a-tydp a whirl- 
 pool, 3. adj. a-tydp perplexed, s. the ex- 
 
 treme of badness mun-sd a-tydp arch- 
 fiend; 4. s. nurn-sim-nyo-sd a-tydp a con- 
 founded person with whom one cannot 
 reason, adj. implacable, inexorable, 5. adj. 
 intricate. 
 
 tyam 1. vb. 1. to wind a ball as of 
 cotton ki tydm^ 2. s. the ball of cotton, 
 3. with a-kd, kd tydm s. the wrist. 
 
 (tyam 2. see 1.) reduplic. tum-tydm-ld 
 low, small as tree, bushwood: sd-ryo t- 
 t.-ld; a-pyun t.-t.-ld a low heap. 
 
 tydm vb. 1. to have convulsive motion, 
 to have fluttering motion, to have spas- 
 modic m., to tremble, mak-(dydi)-ba tydm 
 vb. to be convulsed when dying, sak-lyak 
 (lun) tydm vb. to stamp with, to be con- 
 vulsed with rage; 2. to be moved as the 
 spirit directs to keep time in — : I6k t. 
 in dance; rap-nydn-ka t. to music. 
 
 tydr vb. I. to be opposite, to be vis a 
 vis, face to face, fydr nan vb. to sit face 
 to face etc., tydr-ld adv. vis a vis. — 
 2. to accord with, to coincide mlem tydr 
 to be face to face, to coincide, to corre- 
 spond, Mam-cu-sd rin sem-ban mlem tydr 
 having examined the evidences in the 
 litigations the statements agreed. — 3. to 
 be in time, to arrive at the age of ma- 
 turity (as youth), to be in season as fruit 
 etc., num-lyen fd-lyen tydr for youth to 
 arrive at age of maturity, a-zom zom 
 tydr tet md-fi-ne it is not yet dinner-time; 
 tydr-run-ka U vb. to arrive in proper or 
 full time; so-yiit tydr ti the rainy season 
 has arrived; fam-pot tydr fruit to be in 
 season; — tydr non adult, hu tydr nm 
 hum vydt-td he is of age, ask him J. 
 
 tyar, also tyer and tyir vb. 1. to shake, 
 as earth, liouse; tydr-ld, tydr-rd lydr-rd 
 shaky, quivering, trembling, tydr-ld li vb. 
 to feel shaky or tremulous motion; 2. to 
 move, as heart, affection, riit li bam ydn 
 tydr-ld md-yd-ne tho' I speak, he will not 
 stir, or it makes no impression on him. 
 tyal see under tdl. 
 
 tyal vb. t. to roll down, as stone; to 
 throw, cast down, as tree; Tbr.: to send 
 as rtiessage; to overcome, to vanquish. 
 
tya — tyii 
 
 *tyu — tyum 
 
 145 
 
 tya vb. t. to feed child as with gruel, 
 ayen bon tya vb. to feed child. 
 
 tyak, a-tyak s. glans penis, fik tyak. 
 
 tyan 1. adj. complete, universal (ob- 
 solete), hon tyan a complete fool. See 
 tydn. 
 
 tyaii 2. reduplic. sun-tyan attached to M. 
 
 tyan 3. vb. to be dark, to be black, 
 adj. dark, tyan dum dark cloth, cok tyaii 
 dum s. a pall; tyan-ka in the dark; tyan- 
 Id adv. dark tyan-ld nun vb. to become 
 dark. — mik tyan to close eyes Tbr. — 
 tyari ram s. pitchdark, tyan-nd ram-md 
 so-nap a pitchdark night. — to be black, 
 said only of pigs mon tyan. 
 
 a-tyati adj. black, said only of pigs 
 mdn a-tyan. 
 
 tyafi-mo ace. M. "a dark mass" s. an 
 elephant; tyan-mo Ion s. a male e.; 
 tyan-mo mdt s. a female e. ; tyan-mo fo- 
 16m litly. the molar teeth of e., a spec, 
 of kur-gok wild plantain; tyan-mo sun-gi 
 s. the proboscis, the trunk; tyan-mo vik 
 s. ivory. 
 
 tyap vb. 1. to touch, to feel, tyap-luii 
 da to be touching, see tydp; 2. to dip as 
 pen into ink etc., to moisten, to madefy, 
 nyo-gu ndk-tsd-ka tyap vb. to dip pen 
 into ink, ci-ma-ka-ru-ka tyap vb. to dip 
 anything into sugar; un-nun mo tyap to 
 moisten sore with water. 
 
 tyam, M-tyam and kd-tyam see tydm, 
 see also tyum. 
 
 tyam vb. t. to take or apply medicine : 
 m6n tyam internally or externally. 
 
 tyir see tyur and tyur. 
 
 tyil, a-tyil see til under ti 2. 
 
 tyu, tyu-m vb. t. 1. to move up and 
 down, a-bon tyu vb. to move the mouth, 
 to jaw, a-re cu-ts'dt tyum mu-M-ne I can 
 not move this clock; to shake, to stir; — 
 n. to vibrate a-nyom tyu a leaf to shake, 
 tyum kon vb. to cause to shake; 2. to 
 train, to break in, to discipline as horse: 
 on tyii; to discipline as cliild: on tyu; 
 to convert, to correct T. 'dul-ba, Skt. 
 ni c. vi P.; to subdue evil spirits: mwi 
 tyu; to bring into cultivation as forest, 
 
 jungle: pd-z6k tyu; tyum, kon to cause 
 to bring into subjection, cultivation. — 
 tyum-ho s. 1. one who moves, a sub- 
 duer, 2. motion, movement. — 3. s. axle, 
 axle-tree, lior-lo tyu the axle of the wheel, 
 the pivot as on which millstone turns 
 vun tyii lyan an axle, pivot, lun-tok tyu 
 the pivot of millstone; the axis of motion 
 m/ik tyii. s. eyelids, mlo tyu s. an earth- 
 quake fat tyil. 
 
 a-tyum s. a shaking, fluttering motion 
 a-tyvm si to see a shaking, as of reeds 
 indicating the presence of game; tyUm 
 kon s. the direction of the motion. — 
 tyiim or tyiim mun s. an evil spirit, tyiivi 
 zuk vb. to suffer under influence of ty., 
 vid-ro kHm-dun-sd a-yii hlok gun a-kup- 
 mum tyum viun zdk-so if a man commits 
 adultery, the child will suffer under in- 
 fluence of the evil spirit ty., the limbs 
 of the child will wither away. See tyiir. 
 
 *tyu T. rteu see on-tyiX s. colt. 
 
 tyiik I. vb. to jump, to leap, to spring, 
 fo tyiik the bird hops; tyiik lot tyak to 
 bound and rebound; tyiik hron to rebound, 
 to rise upwards, to jump upwards; tyuk 
 yon noil to go along leaping. 
 
 tyuk 2. and tyun vb. to turn upside 
 down, to be upside down, tyu.n(-liin) fo 
 vb. to place topsy-turvy, rin tyiin(-lint) 
 li vb. to reverse one's words, to contra- 
 dict one's self; tyii/iQ-luri) van (or non) 
 vb. to turn head over heel; tyun. kyol to 
 make a blundering error. 
 
 tyut s. a mark, a scar as from wound; 
 — pur-tyiit-ld marked, scared as by 
 wounds. 
 
 tyup vb. t. to destroy, to demolish, to 
 ruin, to lay waste, to make desolate, 
 fydn-niin lyan tyup the country to be 
 ravaged and laid waste by the enemy; 
 md-rd hii-do fyak-kiin tyup a person to 
 bring ruin on himself; td-dyH-miim tyup 
 to debauch woman; sd-ryo tyiip to anni- 
 hilate forest; — a-pil tyiip vb. to be dead 
 Tbr., to be annihilated, to be dissolved 
 into shade. 
 
 tyum see under tyi(. 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 tyur— tyok 
 
 tyom— tydt 
 
 tyur (see also tyu) vb. t. to subdue, to 
 discipline, to bring into subjection, to 
 train, sd-fdn tyur vb. to bring tiger into 
 subjection. 
 
 *tyu T. dm s. time, ^tyu-gi/ur (T. dtis 
 'gyur-ba times to change) s. unfortunate 
 times, *tyu-cen T. dus-cen s. an epoch, a 
 festival, solemn or holy time; *tyu-1:o 
 i. q. da-t'o s. an almanac, *tyu-z6n T. d.- 
 bzan a fortunate time, auspicious season. 
 lyah tyu vb. misfortune to fall on country 
 s. a time of general calamity, I. tyu gyur 
 for the c. to become so. See tu. 
 
 tyuk vb. t. (see also dyuK) to spit, to 
 expectorate, o-re-pdn li-wun-sd fdt-ka 
 tyuk-lun dyuk-sd fdt byor when he had 
 thus spoken, he spat on the ground, and 
 made clay of the spittle J. — no tyuk 
 to perform an incantation for the healing 
 of wounds etc., performed by priest by 
 spitting on the sore or person. 
 
 Deriv. tur-tyuk dor s. a spec, of tree- 
 mushroom (inferior, but edible). 
 
 tyum, a-tyum s. a cluster, a bunch, tiin- 
 rot pot tyum s. a bunch of grapes; tyum- 
 Id nan or hydn to hang in clusters; see 
 also tydm, tyul. 
 
 tyul vb. to conglomerate, to agglomerate, 
 to comprise, to embody, to bring together, 
 to epitomize; to be in clusters, tyul-h)/t 
 hydn vb. to hang in clusters, tyul t'ik 
 vb. to place one thing above another, 
 rin gun-nd tyul-QiiA W) vb. to sum up 
 one thing above another. — s. a cluster, 
 a flock, fo tyul a flock of birds; see tyum. 
 
 tyet see tet. 
 
 tyer vb. t. to abridge M. i. q. iyulf. 
 
 tyer see tydr. 
 
 tyel see tydl. 
 
 tyok vb. t. 1. to cast, to throw, to dart, 
 to fling, sun-Mo tyok vb. to cast spear; 
 Idn tyok to fling stone; hur-do vun-luh 
 tyok to sling a stone, to let fly with sling; 
 tal-van tyok to throw up, myil-van tyok 
 to cast down; 2. to beat, to pound, to 
 thump, to bray md-rd tyok to thump a 
 person, sun-kar tyok to pound capsicum; 
 is also used in s. of "being cast down" 
 
 "prostrated" with grief, sak-ddk s6t tyok 
 to be cast down and overwhelmed with 
 grief P. 
 
 tyom vb. to be hairy, to be hirsute, 
 shaggy with hair (on face and body of 
 man), md-rd a-mlem tyom-tyom-bo a hairy, 
 hirsute person. 
 
 tyor vb. 1. to be slack as bowstring, 
 to 1)0 loose, to be lax, to be in ruffles 
 as cloth, to be flabby as flesh, to tremble, 
 tyor nyon vb.t. to loosen, to slacken; tyor- 
 rd tyor-rd loose etc., trembling as from 
 cold: tyor tyor vyen; 2. to be imperfect, 
 to be defective, tyor-ld (or -lun) hlap vb. 
 to learn imperfectly, t.-liin dyok zuk to 
 do work loosely. 
 
 a-tyor adj. slack (as bowstring), adv. 
 imperfectly, a-tyor hlap vb. to learn im- 
 perfectly. 
 
 tyol vb. n. to be callous, insensible to 
 pain as flesh, to be hardened, tyol-ld nun 
 vb. to become insensible to pain; — 
 tyol-bo an insensible person, i. e. to pain 
 i. q. tu (more frequently). 
 
 tydk vb. t. to come in collision with, 
 to hit against, to fall against, to knock 
 against, kun-ka tyok to strike against tree; 
 a-lut-ka tyok-lun mak vb. to strike the 
 heart and die; hik ti Idu-ka tyok-lun gram 
 break the egg by hitting, it against a 
 stone; md-rd tuk-pdt tydk the wife of an 
 impotent or incapable person to be with 
 child Tbr. 
 
 tydk, a-tydk s. the last, yan-ld sd-ayak 
 a-tydk-ka Idt luk kdn-Mn-re but should 
 raise (it) up at the last day J. ; the dregs, 
 the remnant; — a-tydk-bo the last person, 
 a-tydk-ka at last. 
 
 tydt (see also tydt') vb. t. to chop, to 
 mince in numerous pieces as meat, to 
 turn over, to hew, to cut down in num- 
 bers (as men, trees etc.), to do anything 
 in numerous scale, to propagate, man tydt 
 vb. to mince meat; kun tydt vb. or nyot 
 tydt to cut down numerous trees, as when 
 preparing cultivation; fydn tydt to massacre 
 the enemy, to cut them to. pieces; rii'i 
 tydf{-lun) li 1. to speak on numerous sub- 
 
tydp— tydl 
 
 fa— fan 
 
 147 
 
 jects, 2. to speak on subjects effectively; 
 suii tyot dun Tb. to relate numerous stories, 
 siin tyot dun-bo s. a story-teller. 
 
 tydp vb. to place anything in a slanting 
 position etc. hu-do diim dydm-liin lot 
 ty&p nan-lun after he had taken his gar- 
 ments and was set down again. — a-tyop 
 s. a resting position, sd-dydr mi a-tydp- 
 ka to to place the gun in a resting 
 position. 
 
 tydp caus. of top q. v. 
 
 tydl, td-tyol-ld incorr. for td-dyol-ld see 
 dyol. 
 
 tydl vb. to be in company, to associate, 
 to accompany, to join with, to coalesce, 
 to fraternize, to aid, to cooperate, s. tydl, 
 a-tyol 1. companionship, help, assistance, 
 a place of assembling; an adjunct, tyol-bo 
 or tyol-zon s. fellow-companion, associate, 
 bam-tyol s. a fellow-companion, a concu- 
 bine; tyol di vb. to come to assistance, 
 tyol-nmi, vb. to accompany, tyol-mat vb. 
 
 to help, to aid; to accompany, mik-jit- 
 bo-sdn-sd tydl mat to join unto the ene- 
 mies Ex.; to compare, a-re-sd mut tyol 
 mat-td-o consider this as analogous to 
 wealth. — tyol-mat-bo s. a companion, an 
 aider, td-ayil tyol s. a female companion, 
 2. "adjunct to female" Tbr.: td-dyii tyol 
 s. the menses, ayeii tyol or kiip tyol s. 
 placenta, secundines; see also cot; tyol- 
 mat-bo s. a midwife, iin gyek dydt-ba kat- 
 nun a-kd dot- sen tydl-mat-bo-re-nun ki 
 a-hyir hu kd-ka lyo dam-luh li it came 
 to pass, when she travailed, that the one 
 put out his hand; and the midwife took 
 and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, 
 saying G. 
 
 tydl: tuk-tydl lying backwards in opp. 
 to td-gryom, see gryo(r)i); tuk-tydl lyah da 
 to lie on back; tuk-tydl lydk vb. to turn 
 over back; tuk-tydl td-gryom lydk-luA zo 
 to bully and take one's goods; tuk-tydl 
 til-ndn vb. to fall backwards. 
 
 fa the tenth letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. ^, it is pronounced as t aspirated. 
 
 fa see fi and nyi-t'd s. a grand-child. 
 
 *fa-bo ca [fr. T. mt'ol-ba byed{-pa) or 
 bsags{-pd) to confess] ace. M. vb. to re- 
 pent, more corr. to make confession, see 
 also *tdl. 
 
 fa-rd i. q. fa-ro, t'dk-rd s. a loom. 
 
 fak 1. onom. vb. to chuck, as hen after 
 laying egg. 
 
 fak 2. or fak 2. vb. to long for, to be 
 anxious after, generally preceded by sak, 
 a-bo a-mo sak t'dk to be anxious to see 
 parents, to long for home. — fdk-kd t'dk- 
 kd fluttering as heart, agitated, as mind, 
 quickly, hurredly, fdk-kd fdk-kd K vb. 
 1. to speak hurredly, 2. to feel heart 
 flutter, to be agitated. — fdk-kd hryak-kd 
 quickly, fdk-kd hryak-kd li i. q. t.-kd f.-kd 
 
 li; t'ak-kd hryak-kd ciyok zuk vb. to work 
 quickly. Also fdk. 
 
 *fak-rin T. fag-rin s. a long distance, 
 a great way. Also fdk-rin. 
 
 fan and fdii ger. fan pt. fydn-fat caus. 
 tydn (incorr. fydn') neg. -fdn- cfr. T. ^fun 
 (-pa), Newari ton vb. t. 1. to drink, to 
 drink out, to swallow as liquid un (water), 
 ci (marwa-beer) etc., zo zo ci tan to eat 
 and drink i. e. to give a banquet, to hold 
 a feast P. ; td-se-fin-niin a lyo-Mn tcm- 
 fat-yam-md-o Padmasambhava consumed 
 all the marwa he could receive P.; 'Y.'dren- 
 pa — 2. to smoke, tdm-kH fdn to smoke 
 tobacco, tdm-ku md-fdn md-fdm-mun sd 
 pi- Iin md-fdn-ni)n do not smoke, snuff 
 or chew tobacco M. 143; — fdn neg. and 
 ger. go fdn md-kun-ne I cannot drink; 
 hiovi fdn (or fd//) kdn let him drink; fdfi 
 
148 
 
 t'Sn-t'dt 
 
 tat— tar 
 
 c6k adj. potable, drinkable; — t'dn-bo s. 
 an imbiber, drinking-, ci-fdn-bo s. a wine- 
 bibber; tdn-bo pd-tek s. a drinking-vessel. 
 
 a-fdn s. fluid, water, anything to drink, 
 drink, a draught, a-zom a-t'dn s. meat and 
 drink i. e. food; — t'dn-mlo or tarn fdn- 
 mlo s. a drinking-vessel. 
 
 Cans, tydn to give to drink, to pour in 
 ci-zuk-bo-ren ci dal-ld tydn nan-yam-md-o 
 the marwa- maker continued to give 
 marwa P., to apply drink to mouth of 
 others un tydn to give water to drink, 
 nyen tydn to suckle, see dm; tydn byi 
 1. q. tydn. 
 
 fan vb. to prove, to overcome, to con- 
 quer, to vanquish, go-nun tdn-lun Mm 
 •pak-fat I have overcome and vanquished 
 him. — si tan-bo s. a newcomer, an im- 
 migTant, one who has issued and arrived. 
 
 tan cfr. T. m(onQ-ba to see) vb. to be 
 true, to be veritable, to be real; adj. 
 true, real; tdn-nun-sd rin-ka ndk-kd have 
 regard for the truth; fan jer md-go-ne it 
 is not real gold; bi tan md-Kun-ne not 
 to be able to prove a charge; md-fdn-ne 
 it is not true; fan md tan true or false, 
 fan md tan re the truth or falsehood; 
 t'dn-nd adv. in truth, truly, verily; fdn- 
 iid sak-cin vb. to believe, sak md-fdh-nd 
 cin vb. to disbelieve. 
 
 a-fdn adj. true, right; advly. truly, in- 
 deed; s. truth, a-tdn cin vb. to believe; 
 a-fdn yd vb. to suppose a thing true; 
 a-fdn-sd rin Ion to keep the truth; a-fdn- 
 niin li vb. to speak with truth; (a-) fan 
 a-yan adv. truly; go a-yum fdn a-yan li 
 verily verily I say to you J. 
 
 fan see tdn; fdn-po see fun-po. 
 
 faii-kut s. kom tdn-kut silver-fringe, see 
 ton-kixt. 
 
 fdt 1. vb. n. to be sallow, to be pale 
 (as countenance), a-mlem tat. — redupl. 
 td-fdt-bo adj. pale as countenance, a-mlem 
 td-fdt-ho. 
 
 fdt 2. vb. to cry out when playing, see 
 flit 2.; tat prot vb. to call out fdt sudden- 
 ly, when about to be discovered at hide 
 and seek. 
 
 (at 3. A. (also fut^ vb. to jump down, 
 to spring into (the water), to jump into 
 water dum-pa-rem rek-lun su gd yo gan 
 hit. td-gryuk bam, lyan dd-ka fdt-n6n he 
 girt his (fisher's) coat unto him, (for he 
 was naked) and did cast himself into 
 the sea J. — mu fdt to bathe, f.-sd td- 
 dyii, kup un-kyon-ka mO, fdt-sdn-ka yii 
 when the daughter of Ph. came down to 
 wash herself . . . Ex. ; see also tut under 
 tu; B. to set (sun) sd-tsiik fdt also s. 
 sunset. M. 140. 
 
 (an see fdn or fan. 
 
 fdn vb. t. 1. to discharge, to turn out, 
 to expel, to dismiss as person from place, 
 to turn out as from ve"ssel, to extract, 
 to eliminate, to pay off as debt: num 
 fdn; sap-ci fdn to discharge servant; co 
 fdn (tea) to draw; rin fdn to be fluent 
 of speach, kom fdn to pay out money, 
 kom fan-bo s. one having money; ban 
 fdn-bo s. one ready with ban; 2. to fire 
 off, to discharge as gun sd-dydr mi fdn. 
 
 fdp (see tap') vb. t. to feel as with hand 
 by touching, a-Mt fdp vb. to feel the 
 breast; to try, to prove, fdp-lun ndk-kd 
 feel it, examine it by the touch; fdp-lun 
 non vb. to go feeling or groping as in 
 dark. — f dp-yap; fdp-yap-ld non vb. to 
 grope about. 
 
 fdm 1. vb. t. to select, to pick and 
 chose, to select judgingly, zo fdm-liin 
 dyek to pick out the ripe corn and eat. 
 a-jdn-nun a-ryum fdm to select the good 
 from the bad; un-kyon hyok-ba Idn fdm- 
 liin hyok when crossing a stream to do 
 so carefully picking out stones whereon 
 to tread. 
 
 fdm, fdm-md fdm-md dawdling, fdm-md 
 fdm-md mat vb. to dawdle, to trifle, 
 ay ok fdm-md fdm-md mat vb. to work 
 dawdlingly. 
 
 fam vb. to be thick as rice, to be 
 close, to be dense; fdm-ld adv. thickly, 
 fdm-ld pdk vb. to dibble thickly; zo fdm- 
 ld Un hron grain to grow up thickly. 
 
 fdr for nd-fdr s. snout of pig mon far. 
 
 far see fydr, fyer. 
 
far— fa-la 
 
 *tak— fan 
 
 149 
 
 far see tm lukewarm, to be 1., to be 
 warm, not boiling hot un fdr-bam. 
 
 fal s. a roll as of paper, co-gu fdl s. 
 a roll of paper, dum fdl s. a roll of cloth; 
 see fill. 
 
 *tel yb. T. 'fol(-ba) to pronounce, to 
 declare openly, hik-bu tiir-zut fdl-bam-bo 
 gum the cock pronounces the opening- 
 day; tuh-mo mat-bo fdl to inquiringly 
 pronounce one a thief. See *td-bo cd. 
 
 fa 1. part, correl. of sd-fa q. cfr.; — fa 
 in comp. is used for a period of time, 
 as sd-fa when, o-fa then; at the end of 
 a sentence it is sometimes reduplicated 
 and redundant as ho sd-fa I6t fi-so fa 
 when will you return; or it may in a 
 degree render it emphatic as: when will 
 you ever arrive. — fa-Id and fal-ld adv. 
 quickly, shortly, in short time. 
 
 nam fa-Id in a few years; Id-vo fal- 
 Id-ka in a few months; fa-Id mat vb. to 
 make haste, to be quick; fah-ld dyok mat 
 vb. to do work speedily; fa-Id fyo vb. to 
 understand quickly; — fa-grdm-ld adv. id., 
 fa-grdm-ld no-o go quickly. 
 
 fa 2. vb. t. to eat (said almost of every- 
 thing except rice \zo q. v.J and vegetables 
 [bi\); man fa vb. to eat meat; Ku fa vb. 
 to eat bread; kiin-tson fa vb. to eat maize; 
 fam-pot fa vb. to eat fruit, except per- 
 haps kur-don and tun-gut for which zo 
 is used; also c. c. -ka, e. c. bik ndk-ba 
 a-jdn-sdn-nun bik ndk-ba a-ryum-bo-sdn- 
 ka fa-fat the leanfleshed kine did eat 
 up the wellfavoured. Ex. — dyo-nicn fa- 
 non to be rusteaten. 
 
 *fa 3. T. fags s. a web, a tissue, "fa 
 fok T. fags 'fag (-pa) 1. vb. to weave, 
 2. s. a loom; see fok; fa-ro T. f.-ra s. 
 a weaving place or factory, used by L.'s 
 incorrectly for a loom. 
 
 *fa 4. T. mfa, fa met T. mfd Tried end- 
 less, boundless, infinite. 
 
 *fa-nd T. fab-gnas s. a fire-place, even 
 a furnace M. 
 
 fa-pd rfp s. a marigold, Calendula. 
 
 fa-brd for fap-ro q. cfr. 
 
 fa-la from T. Kralf (a tax) s. an eight- 
 
 ana -piece, fa-la kat s. one eight-ana- 
 piece. 
 
 *fak T. fag s. a rope. 
 
 *fak cat see fok cat. 
 
 fak vb. to be sufficient, to satisfy, to 
 reach, to attain to, to be enough, to be 
 adequate; to be perfect, finished, com- 
 plete, o-re-nun mat-lun kd-do-'sii sak-iyut 
 a-re fak-non-ne this my joy therefore is 
 fulfilled J. a-kd fak tet as far as one 
 can reach; zom tak tet byi give (him) 
 sufficiently to eat; — md-fak-ne to be in- 
 sufficient, to be impracticable; kom par- 
 sdn-ka md-fak-ne to have not sufficient 
 money to buy it; rin md-fah-ne the words 
 do not reach; he does not hear. — fak-ld 
 adv. sufficiently, competently, adequately. 
 — fak-ku/i s. reaching; sufficiency; end- 
 ing, completion. 
 
 a-fak s. 1. completion; lor-vo a-fak-ka 
 at the end of the month, 2. as high as 
 one can reach to lift a thing upon or to 
 take a thing off; go mlo a-fak tsun I can 
 just reach high enough, to lift this off. 
 
 sd-fak-ld adv. fully, sufficiently, brimful. 
 
 fan 1. adv. above see a-fan, o-tan, 
 ta-fan. 
 
 fan vb. to be prepared, to be ready 
 for anything, a-dyut-ka fan to be pre- 
 pared for war, lyan non-sd/i fan-rmn-d 
 are you ready to go out; — to be fixed, 
 to be settled, to be fasting, permanent, 
 constant, established, hri fan-nun a fixed 
 chair, a throne; — to be stedfast in, to 
 be resolute, Id-yo sak-cin fan-luii nan 
 resolutely suppress evil thoughts; sak-cin 
 fan-lun md-nyin-ne not to have time, 
 to settle one's thoughts. See also fen, 
 nan- fen. 
 
 fah-gdr i. q. tun-gor. 
 
 fat vb. to disagree with, as food, to 
 disgust, to make one ill; kd-sum su fat- 
 Id md-yd-n£ nothing disagrees with me; 
 ci kd-sum md-jit-ne fat-so fermented liquor 
 does not agree with me, it would make 
 me ill. 
 
 fan reduplic. of fydn, fyen; fan-nd fyan- 
 nd unevenly. 
 
150 
 
 top— fam 
 
 tarn— far 
 
 tap- 1. reduplic. of fyep, fop. 
 
 -t'ap 2. postp. expresses our num. affix 
 "teen" M. Gr. 143 as kd-ii kat tap eleTen 
 etc. 
 
 fap 3. incorr. for tup to be durable. 
 
 tap 4. vb. t. to put into, to place in, 
 fyu-ka tap vb. to place in pot; lyan-ka 
 tap to locate; to entertain as servant, to 
 engage, to initiate, dik-cet-bo-sdn pdn-sd 
 sa-nya li-ka tap fat (he) put (me) in- 
 ward in the captain of the guard's house 
 Ex.; sap-lH-ka tap vb.to entertain servant, 
 vyet oii-ka tap id., in P.: T. bran-du fcas 
 blans; they (i. e. the Dakini's) promised 
 to serve him; hu rok-kun-ka tap bam he 
 is engaged in reading; frdTn tap md-gat- 
 ne there is no occasion for apprehension; 
 pi tap vb. to note down; sak-tsum sak- 
 par tap-pd-o be ye joyful; a-kd tap 1. to 
 place hands in; 2. to pilfer, to steal, 
 3. to beat, to strike, 4. to engage in 
 action. — lot fap vb. to restore, hu-nun 
 ctydr-dun-re zon nun-non kd-sum kd-do 
 a-bam-ka lot tap hum liydn fat it came 
 to pass as he interpreted to us, so it was; 
 me he restored unto mine office, and him 
 he hanged Ex. — tap to i. q. fap, li-ka 
 tap to to lodge; — fap-sdn vb. to lay 
 upon, to besmear. 
 
 fap-pUn 1. s. placing in, an insertion, 
 an entertaining, engaging; 2. postp. corre- 
 sponds to our "able" "ous" as tydn tap- 
 pvLh-sd fam a laughable thing; roTn fap- 
 pun-sd lyan a fearful place; grdn fap- 
 pun-sd tarn a circumstance inspiring hope. 
 
 n'ap T. 'fab vb. to fight; *fap-rd T. 'fab- 
 rags s. a rampart, barricade; fap-ro tsdk 
 vb. to barricade; see fa-bro. 
 
 t'am 1. vb. 1. to pat head a-fyak tarn; 
 2. to prick as with pin ryiim-sd tarn vb. 
 to prick with needle; tHk-sdk fam vb. to 
 prick marks on body, to tattoo. 
 
 t'am 2. vb. to respond, to reply, lik-ba 
 ha md-fam-ne when I called he did not 
 reply; hu-nwn, f.-ka a-lo-yo tam-liin li 
 he answered him saying Ex. 
 
 t'am 3. s. 1. a thing, a matter; business, 
 speach, something, anything, go a-do fam 
 
 dun bo -so I'll tell you something; tarn 
 diin vb. to tell tales; tarn dUn-bo s. a 
 tell-tale. — su tarn what thing? — fam 
 tarn things, articles, circumstances; f um- 
 bo s. a thing; 2. misfortune fam mat i. q. 
 sd-fi zdk q. v. 3. pref. forms nomina fr. 
 roots; see under: kup, kot, kri, grik, cik, 
 can, con, cor; ju; nyo (nyof), tu (tuwi), fu, 
 dak; ddr, dim,, dyup, nek, ndm, pa-td, pat, 
 pun, piJLt, pot, plydk, far, fon, fdt, ban, 
 bi, bik, byin, bH, bim, bo, bor, rnat, mi, 
 muk, zar, zdk, rin, ruk, ryek, li, len, lyot, 
 hyir, vydt, sii, sok, sit, an e. c. tam-cdn s. 
 an animal fr. can to foster, fam-pdt s. a 
 fruit fr. pot id.; fam- sit s. salve, oint- 
 ments fr. sit vb. to anoint etc. 
 
 pd-fam, pur-fam s. i.q. fam s. a thing; 
 also explet. to pd-lyii, q. v. ; piir-tam-ld 
 advly. fitting, close or adjusted well as 
 a pivot in its socket or any pin inserted 
 in a hollow; pHr-tam-ld pdk vb. to fit 
 closely in a hole. 
 
 t'am, t'am-pu s. a drinking cup, a goblet. 
 
 *fam T. fam(-pd) adj. full. 
 
 *t'am-cet T. tams-cad all, every, perfect, 
 f.-c.-Kyen omniscient Skt. sarvajna. 
 
 fam-t'ok vb. 1. to malleate as iron, 
 2. obsc. Tbr. copulare. 
 
 t'am-pdn i. q. fem-pon. 
 
 far 1. reduplic. of for. 
 
 far 2. vb. to be even, to be smooth, 
 to be broad; far-Id adv. evenly, far-Id 
 mat vb. to even, to make smooth; far- 
 sin s. a harrow, far-rd far-rd i. q. far-Id, 
 tar-rd far-rd not vb. to cut smooth. 
 
 a-far adj. square, even, anything joint 
 or cut even; a-mlem a-far a square face 
 as broad as long; — td-far-bo adj. broad 
 as face, fuUfaced; — pd-tar adj. cut square 
 or straight, see pd-tstim; pd-dam pd-tar 
 a water-holder with mouth cut square, in 
 opp. pd-hlyum cut slanted; pd-tar is also 
 used substantively, pd-far-ka md-v6t-ne 
 the p. is not cut slantingly. 
 
 far 3. T. mfar s. the end, the aim, the 
 point, the goal; far-Mm-ld, t'ar-sum-ld, 
 far-cin-ld fr. T. mfar pyin{-pa) reaching 
 the end, perfectly, entirely, perfectly, 
 
tor— t'f 
 
 «f— tik 
 
 151 
 
 tar-cin-ld mat yb. to do anything per- 
 fectly; tar top "the end of the rope", 
 the utmost limit, the goal. 
 
 tar 4. T. far; far-bo tin T. far-ba glin 
 s. a little sacred building like co ten to 
 which anyone who flees for protection 
 cannot be hurt. 
 
 far (L. w.?) s. a division of the Eong- 
 people, H. H. Risley, Tribes and Castes 
 of Bengal 2, 7. 
 
 *t'ar-ge fr. T. t'ar-go&? s. absolution of 
 sin thro' virtuous acts. M. ' 
 
 t'ar-bdk s. i. q. ta-bok a wooden dish. 
 
 t'al, fal-ld see fa 1. 
 
 t'al vb. (see also ful, fel, teT) 1. to go 
 backwards and forwards, 2. to roll up, 
 3. to repeat, to reiterate. 
 
 kum-t'al s. repetition, reiteration, tauto- 
 logy, recapitulation; reaction, revision; 
 kum-fal kiim-nyel backwards and for- 
 wards, over and over; repetition, reiter- 
 ation; k.-f. k.-ny. zuk vb. to repeat, to 
 do over again; k.-f. k.-ny. li vb. to repeat, 
 to reiterate. 
 
 t'f 1. s. tips of fingers or toes (vyet); 
 the little finger, the little toe, kd fi s. 
 tip of fingers, foi't fi tip of toe. 
 
 t'i 2., a-fi adj. small, said of yams; — 
 fit s. small tubercule of Dioscorea; biik 
 fit a small unripe yam; fik fit Tbr. penis 
 puerilis. See fi 1. 
 
 t'f 3., t'f-t neg. -fin- vb. to reach, to 
 arrive, T. gsegs-pa etc. fi-wHn p. pres.; 
 pret. fi-non (-ne-yam-o). lyan-ka fi to 
 arrive at home; a-kd-ka fi to come to 
 hand; a-mak-ka fi to arrive at the point 
 of death; hu fi-md-o he is arrived; hO. 
 a-om lyarl md-fin-ne neither cometh to 
 the light .... J.; fi-sdn-ka non-ba when 
 about reaching his destination; fi-ld mat 
 vb. to convey, to conduct, to cause to 
 arrive; fit md-Mim-nd cannot arrive; fit 
 kon to permit or cause to arrive, to ad- 
 mit, fit kon-ld mat vb. to cause to arrive, 
 fit-Id mat id., fit fat-yam-o pret. of the 
 cans, he caused to come. 
 
 Der. fit, a-tit s. arrival, a-fit nyok s. 
 delay in arriving, (a-') fit tu-ts'dt s. the 
 
 time of an-iving, fit-lyan s. place of a., 
 destination; — td-fit i. q. a-fit. See bit fi. 
 
 ff 4., t'l-t see fd, neg. -fin- vb. to be 
 related to, to be akin go hu-sd niim-uyen 
 fi I am his relative, I am related to him; 
 go hii-sd bri-zon fi I am related to him 
 by marriage; go hii-sd su-ld md-fin-ne 
 I am in no ways related to him; to be 
 partnership; fit-bo s. a relation, relative, 
 hii-sd m fit-bo go to whom are you re- 
 lated, who is your relative. 
 
 nyi-fi (or nyi-fd), nyi-fit a great great 
 grandchild etc., see nyi. 
 
 Comp. fi kuu s. 1. grandfather, 2. used 
 as a title of respect for an aged person, 
 3. Tbr. an enemy, fi kun nyo kun s. 
 ancestors, fi kun nyo kun-sd fok the times 
 of ancestors, fi ku/'i nyo kun-sd riii s. tra- 
 dition, fi kun nyo kun-sd siifi s. a legend, // 
 kuii nyo kun-sd gyit s. ancestry, genealogy, 
 fi kun fill great grandfather, fi kuii fin 
 great gr. grandfather, fi kuii tek gr. gr. 
 gr. grandfather, fi kun puvi gr. gr. gr. gr. 
 grandfather. — fi 16m s. union, affinity, 
 relation, communication. 
 
 See also nyi. 
 
 t'fk, tuk-t'fk s. the penis Tbr.: td-ryeL- 
 bii ; bu-sd gan; fik-gyfin s. penis erectus, 
 priapism i. q. sak-lyak Tbr.; fik-Aak glans 
 penis; fik-jok s. ri) uxgojioa&iov, i) axgo- 
 fivaxia; fik-nyim i.q. fik-Ml; fik-fyuii s. tlie 
 body of penis; fi/:-^^!; s. onanism; fik-mdt 
 s. hair of penis; fik-UL s. fj ipwliq; fik-uii 
 s. spernia genitale. See also tyak. 
 
 *fik 1. T. fig s. a line, fik kyop vb. to 
 rule a line, fik kun s. a ruler; fik-mo 
 lined, applied to flowered cloth etc., the 
 seed in ferns; fik-mo tun-krok seriated 
 ferns. 
 
 fik 2. vb. t. cfr. T. 'degs {-pa) to lift, 
 to liold up, to suspend so'm fik to suspend 
 a bridge (s. a suspension-b.); fik fo id.; 
 to fix, to establish, to tie, to fasten, to 
 bind tHk-po fik to bind with rope; to 
 join (in marriage, friendship etc.), bri 
 fik to be bound in marriage, dyei't zdh fik 
 to be joined in friendship; with a-liit: 
 a -lilt fik to set the heart, mind or 
 
152 
 
 ffn-fin 
 
 ffp-(fu) 
 
 affections on, to desire greatly, to love, 
 to esteem, to regard. — (ik-Hm-bo s. a 
 fastening, a binding, a tie, an adjunct, 
 an appendix. — ttk bu to get leaves hin 
 a-nyom fik bu. 
 
 a-t'ik s. a juncture, tuk-pun fik the 
 shoulder-blade; a connexion, an alliance 
 a-fik a-zan fik-ldm s. relationship; fik- 
 lyan s. confidence, the trust, the power 
 of holding up, pd-no-sa fik-lyan mi-no 
 (/urn the trust of king is in his subjects. 
 
 t'fh 1., a-ffn s. 1. lord, master, a noble, 
 a chief, ho kd-m a-t'in tan mat-tHn-d are 
 you playing the lord over us? a-tin pd- 
 no the highest title, king; a-fin ji-run 
 a title; tin-nyo lord and lady, nobles; 
 tin zon lordly; tin is also used in s. of 
 the chief or very precious thing, a-mlem 
 tin the most precious thing to be guarded 
 in the face, i. e. the eye; mik tin the 
 eyeball, the apple of eye; a-Mt tin the 
 pride of one's heart, the adored, Mp tin 
 a beloved child, td-lam tin the excellence 
 of the scrotum i. e. the testicles. 
 
 2. pedigree (on male side), fin nyo 
 gyit pedigree (male and female line), 
 tin nyo gyit dixn bo or tin dun bo tell me 
 your pedigree, fin nyo gyit-sd tin tradition; 
 fin-kun i. q. t'i-kun q. v. ; tin-tok s. ancestry. 
 — tin nyo mun s. the demon who cuts 
 the thread of life; tin nyo fyak glet mun 
 s. the demon who causes the heads of 
 all to fall. 
 
 ffii 2. onom. a whizzing sound; dor 
 tin-rmn rin a low, gentle voice P. 
 
 ffii 3., tifi-nd tin-nd adv. stamping (as 
 with feet) tin-nd tin-nd I6m vb. to walk 
 clattering with feet. 
 
 fit see fi 2, 3, 4. 
 
 ffn. see ti 3, 4. 
 
 tin, tyin vb. to be consecutive (fr. fin 
 or tif) tin-nd tin-nd consecutively, one 
 after another, f.-nd t.-nd byi vb. to give 
 consecutively; a-fin one above the an- 
 other, a-tin fin bydt vb. to send on from 
 stage to stage; a-fin dal or a-tin rin li 
 vb. to interprete, to translate, lyan a-tin 
 a-tin non to travel from stage to stage 
 
 or from country to country; fir( 
 multiplication. 
 
 a-tin, fin also a-fyin, tyin a time, a 
 generation; kat-fin or kat-fyin once, nydt- 
 tin twice ; dya-tin formerly, a-zd fin future 
 time; see also kam-tin, grop-fin, gywp fin 
 M. Gr. 118 cfr. dyom and po. — a-tin 
 a-fin time by time; successively. — See 
 fi-kun fin, nyii^kun) tin. 
 
 ffp T. 'fibs(^-p<x) vb. to conceal, to hide, 
 to veil, kun-ka tip vb. to hide behind a 
 tree; tip-ndn hidden, concealed, secret, 
 tip-suni-bo 1. adj. secret, hidden, occult, 
 cryptic, 2. a veil. — fip-lyan s. a hiding- 
 place. 
 
 tip, a-tip see a-fyep. 
 
 tfm, nyen tim said of a child, who is 
 still unweaned, when another is born. 
 
 tir tir onom. a rattling sound. 
 
 tfl (fr. ti-la) 1. vb. to be successive, 
 to be in succession, to follow one after 
 another, til-Mn di to follow in succession; 
 fil-ld til-Id adv. successive, fil-ld fyol-ld 
 consecutively, sized, various-sized, some 
 small some large, commingled; 2. s. a 
 borer i. q. sor; fil cap vb. to bore hole; 
 
 3. s. accordance, concord, see kuA fil; 
 
 4. gramm. t. rin til copulative, rin fil-sd 
 min sok a copulative conjunction. 
 
 a-fil s. the mutual borrowing and re- 
 turning of anything; advly. in turns, 
 consecutively. 
 
 tu 1., a-tu s. honey, vot fii, hH fu, i fu, 
 tUn-bUm tu h. fr. different specc. of bees. 
 
 tu 2. s. a cataract in eye: a-mik tit. 
 
 tu 3., tu-m (neg. md-tun-ne) vb. to 
 allow, to let, to permit, to cause, to 
 assent, hiim ndn fH let him go, Mm dit 
 til let him come, md-fUn-ne do not per- 
 mit, md fun-ni/ii-sd mat md-Uiin-ne cannot 
 do it without permission, to engage in, 
 to occupy one's self. 
 
 mik turn s. a nap after food, mik fiim 
 di to feel sleepy, to feel inclined for a 
 nap, m. f. kat krap vb. to take a nap. 
 
 (to) 4. tam-ta s. a bridle Tbr. 
 
 (tii) 5. tii-ld fa-Id or tu fa adv. hastily, 
 hasty, quickly, forcibly, fii-ld fu-ld li vb. 
 
*Wk-*1:ut 
 
 fut— tur 
 
 153 
 
 to speak in a hasty manner; {sun-mui) 
 fu-ld fu-ld di vb. (wind) to blow hard 
 and quickly. 
 
 *fuk 1. T. fag see under on go yop tuk. 
 
 tuk 2. Tb. 1. to perform, to do, to work, 
 to be energetic, to be zealous ayoh fuk 
 vb. to perform work, rin tuk to altercate, 
 2. i. q. rin tuk, 3. copulare td-ayu fuk; 
 tuk-bo s. a workman, a performer; tuk- 
 ■nyim-ho an energetic person; tuk-ldt s. 
 energy, force, might. 
 
 a-tuk s. copulation. 
 
 tun 1., a-t'iin s. height, length of any- 
 thing, (a-^tun kon adv. lengthways, kun 
 , fun the length of tree, kun fun cik vb. 
 to measure do. 
 
 *tun 2. vb. T. tun (little, few, short, 
 brief) to be little, to be scarce, to be 
 in small quantity, fiin non to become 
 scarce, small in quantity, m-ld md-tuh- 
 nun-ka gyek md born in easy circum- 
 stances, in no want; md-tun-nun-sd nuTn 
 a. a year of plenty; fiin po adv. few 
 times, seldom. 
 
 *t'nt 1. T. fud s. a kind of cheese nyen-tHt. 
 
 *fut 2. T. mtud(-pa) vb. to join, to 
 splice together as string tiik-po tat, wood, 
 anything, to unite, to append dyen z6n 
 tat-liin fik vb. to join in friendship, bri 
 fat-liin fik vb. to join in marriage, tsU 
 tut-liin zu vb. to obtain new life, to re- 
 vive, — the act of proceeding to meet a 
 person tut non vb. to go out to meet, 
 to receive, to join a p. coming md-ro 
 flit ndk non; I6m-ka tut vb. to meet on 
 the road; — the call when playing at 
 hide and seek, also fat; — i. q. hk to 
 continue, to prosecute, to pursue, kd-su- 
 sd a-bon ftit mat-lUn U ho-o take up my 
 speach for me, say the rest for me, nam 
 turn tat bam vb. to continue throughout 
 the year; rin fUt-Mn li vb. to continue 
 speaking, sd-nyi so-nap fUt-liin non vb. 
 to continue going on night and day; fUt 
 sor vb. to fail, to miscarry, Tbr. : to die; 
 fUt sor ndn it has failed; to be dead Tbr. 
 *fiit-tsu T. mfud-ts'ugs vb. to recompense, 
 to make up for, to give in exchange, to 
 
 unite, to rejoin, to resunfe, to substitute, 
 to delegate, Tbr.: to be pleased; fiit md- 
 tsii-ne 1. not to compensate, 2. Tbr. hon. 
 not to be pleased. — a-fHt s. anything 
 that has been broken, rejoined together, 
 mlo a-fHt a mended article. 
 
 tut see fdt. 
 
 *tun 1. T. mfun(jpd) s. concord, peace, 
 agreement, fiin-nd fUn-nd adv. in unity, 
 f.-nd t.-nd mat vb. to make peace, to 
 reconcile; — *fiin-jor T. mfun-sbyor s. 
 unity, peace, concord; fUn-jor bam vb. 
 «to live in concord. 
 
 *t'un 2. T. fun s. a space of time, a 
 watch, fUn tsdk vb. to appoint the time 
 or period as for devotion, in this s. it 
 is generally understood by L.'s, fun-po 
 and fdh-po s. a time, a space of t., once; 
 tUn-po kat once, one t., fUn-'po nydt twice, 
 two times, tun-po sd-tet how many times, 
 how often. 
 
 tup vb. 1. to be lasting, strong, durable 
 as cloth, a-re dum md-gyd-nd gdn md- 
 fup-nd-so if you are not careful of this 
 cloth, it will not last; mh fHp-bo a strong, 
 enduring article; — a- tup adj. durable, 
 lasting, a-fUp-ka md-zuk-ne not made to 
 last; — 2. T. fubQ-pa) to have power, to 
 have might, md-ro fip-bo a powerful p.; 
 pd-no md-fUp-niim-bo an impuissant king; 
 — 3. to be able to bear, to endure, to 
 suffer to duk a-re zdn tiip te who can 
 endure such trouble, to suppress, to re- 
 strain (tears) mik-grun fitp; — i. to be 
 virtuous, efficacious, to be right, to be 
 fit, to be proper, suitable, see tiip; fiip- 
 pd it is good, it is right, it is proper; 
 fdn (zom^ tiip fit to drink (to eat), zom 
 md-fUp-ne to be unfit for food; dyok md- 
 fHp-ne improper work, fam-cdn ndt-sdn 
 md-fAp-ne it is not right to hurt animals ; 
 to be sufficient for, zo rd-ku nam tet tiip 
 to have sufficient provisions for a year; 
 to agree, to consent non md-fup-ne not 
 to consent to go. 
 
 tur height to the chin fr. the ground, 
 on fiir tet ti a horse as high as a man's 
 chin; un fiir tet din water chin-deep; von 
 
 10* 
 
154 
 
 lul— *fu 
 
 tuk-'*fe 
 
 fur tet 16m vb. to walk to the chin in 
 jungle. — a-fur adj. chin-deep (said of 
 water) un a-fur a-fur td-gd tet fi the 
 water reaches as high as the chin. 
 
 ful vb. to roll up as paper, mat, any- 
 thing; co-gu ful vb. to roll up paper; 
 ful-lun a-fdl zuk vb. to form a roll as 
 of paper; to turn up as edge: ban-fo 
 ful-non the edge of knife is turned; co 
 lep kydn md-ful-lvn do not turn up the 
 edges of your book. — a-ful adj. rolled 
 up, co-gu a-ful s. a roll of paper. 
 
 fu 1. (see also fo) vb. to be high, adj. 
 high in place, degree, fu bam-bo a high 
 p. in place, rank; fu mo high and low; 
 see a-fu and 6-fu under a and 6. 
 
 tu 2. s. the elbow in Comp.: kd-fu. 
 
 *fu 3. T. mfu s. magic power, sorcery, 
 enchantment, fu nen T. mfu nan id., fu 
 klon vb. to bewitch, fu nen kldn id., fu 
 klon-bo s. a magician, fu tsok vb to counter- 
 act the effect of witchcraft, fu zdk vb. to 
 be under influence of magic; fu lok vb. 
 to disenchant. 
 
 *fu 4. T. fugs (heart, mind, afPection) 
 used by L.'s in s. of "will". Comp. *fu- 
 je T. fugs-rje s. generosity, liberality, 
 compassion, benignity, fu-je ci-md-o (T. 
 fugs-rje gzi^s) look down with benignity; 
 fu-je md-nyin-nvm-bo imgracious; fu-je 
 ce or ci (great) magnanimity, grace (a-do) 
 fu-je M it is your magnanimity i. e. thank 
 you. — *fu-ten T. fugs-rten s. the state 
 of mind, disposition, spirits, fu-ten sd-lo 
 go how is (his or your) state of mind, 
 health or spirits; — *fu-d6m T. fugs-dam 
 s. a holy trance, revelation, see yi-dam; 
 a vow, a sacrament; fu-dom ndk vb. to 
 behold a revelation; — *fu-rik T. fu^s 
 and rig s. mind and understanding, senti- 
 ments, intellect, mind, spirits, fu-rik ci 
 wisdom, great perception, genius, ku zu 
 fu-rik 'ii-ld mat ju-liin can come here 
 rejoicing in body and mind; — fu sdm 
 s. the affections of heart, will, pleasure 
 J. — fu sv,n vb. hon. to be pleased said 
 of great men, fu sun mat vb. to please. 
 
 to tranquillize, fu md-sHn-ne vb. to be 
 displeased. 
 
 t'uk vb. to be dim, cloudy; to be fugi- 
 tive (colour) ; — a-fuk s. anything of slightly 
 white colour, white spot on forehead (as 
 of horse) kin-fuk; a white mark on leg 
 dyan-fuk, grey light eyes mik fuk; pale 
 grey colour; — fuk-bo, tso fuk-bo fugitive 
 colour, tuk-fuk s. a pale colour, a fugitive 
 c. mik tuk-fuk grey eyes; mlem tuk-fuk- 
 Id non face to become a sallow colour. 
 
 fun, a-tun s. the skin, hide, met. the 
 clothes kijum-fun s. hide, leather, mik-fun 
 s. the eyelid; fun gon ndn to become 
 callous, hardened, indurated; fun lut vb. 
 to skin, to flay; fun hrap vb. to sew skin 
 (as of wound) or leather. 
 
 tup, a-t'up s. i. q. a-tup os femoris. 
 
 *t'um T. 'fum(-pa) vb. 1. to cover over 
 or round, to circumvent, to surround, to 
 encircle, lyan fum-lUn ndk to inspect all 
 round a place, man fumAun ryak vb. to 
 circumvent game; — a-fum s. a circum- 
 vention; a cover, a wrapper, an envelope, 
 yuk-(a-')fum s. a cover for letter, an 
 envelope. 
 
 2. to be beforehand with, to anticipate, 
 T. sna-ba, fum-lun byi vb. to give before- 
 hand, md-ro gat-sdn fum-ld mat vb. to 
 anticipate one's wants; rin fum-lun It vb. 
 to anticipate what a person has to say; 
 fum-lom s. anticipation. 
 
 tul vb. to ride on horseback on ful, in 
 carriage kun-on ful etc.; ful-bo s. a rider; 
 — a-ful adj. riding on horseback or upon 
 anything; a-ful kun riding on sticks 
 (amusement of children). 
 
 tul "descent of the deity" rum ful 
 afflatus of the deity. M. 
 
 *te 1. T. 'tegs(-pa) vb. to depart; to 
 be passed away as the time for anything, 
 to be too late, to be exhausted, to be 
 finished, fe-non to be expended, passed 
 away, dyok-ka fe-non to be too late for 
 work, k6m fe-non the money is ex- 
 pended, fe-non-bo passed away; the de- 
 parted; dead. 
 
*t'e— *fep 
 
 *t'e 2. T. fe (-ba to interfere with) vb. 
 to debauch woman, to commit adultery, 
 nor fe id. 
 
 *te 3. T. fe, fe cun T. fe cun s. a small 
 seal; fe tsu T. fe tse s. a seal, fe tsu kyop 
 vb. to seal J. 
 
 *fe-ts'om also fe-som T. fe-tsom s. doubt, 
 uncertainty; fe-som mat vb. to be doubt- 
 ful, to be dubious, kam fe-som mat wait 
 a little. 
 
 t'ek vb. 1. to break, to divide, to dis- 
 unite, tuk-po fek vb. to break string, fdt 
 fek-non earth to be cracked, 2. to finish, 
 to end, see dek; fek-non to be ended, 
 finished, Um fek-non the road is ended, 
 ayen-zdn fek-non friendship to be broken; 
 — fek-bo s. a rent, a rupture, a fracture, 
 a rift, a fissure, a cleft; 16m fek s. a ter- 
 minus. — fek-kd t'ek-kd adv. broken; in- 
 distinct, f.-kd f.-kd si to get a b. or in- 
 distinct view of; f.-kd f.-kd non 1. to 
 appear and disappear, 2. to proceed till 
 out of sight. 
 
 ten vb. to entangle, to implicate. 
 
 *fen H.'fenQ-pa) vb. to stretch as string 
 tuk-po fen; carpet, etc., body md-zu fe?i. 
 
 t'et 1. also fdt and fydt vb. to spring 
 downwards, fet lyan place of setting as 
 for birds, 2. to set (sun). — Caus. fyet 
 to cause to spring downwards. 
 
 fet 2. fyet and fydt; fydt-td fydt-td 
 thick as porridge, gruel. — a-fet adj. thick 
 and of proper consistancy; said of milk 
 when sufficientlyboiled, etc., thick, muddy 
 (as water), s. a small potatoe; — pd-fet-ld 
 wellformed, small buk pd-fet-ld a well- 
 formed yam; on pd-fet-ld a wellformed 
 child. 
 
 ten 1. and fydn vb. to be cultivated, to 
 be planted, opp. zdn; kun fen-bo a culti- 
 vated tree; a-fen, a-t'ydn adj. cultivated, 
 not wild Qa-zori). 
 
 *ten 2. T. 'fan see nan-fen. 
 
 *t'ep 1. T. 'febs {-pa) 1. vb. to seize, 
 to grasp firmly, to perform well, to know 
 or learn anything thoroughly, fep-lun tsam 
 vb. to have a firm grasp of; fep-nyim-bo 
 one having good grasp of, one having 
 
 "fep— fo 
 
 155 
 
 thorough knowledge of, an artist; 2. s. 
 knowledge, wisdom. — fep-pd fep-pd adv. 
 perfectly, thoroughly. 
 
 *t'ep 2. T. teb s. a saucer or plate, a 
 small dish. 
 
 *t'ep-ran T. feu-ran s. a goblin, a demon, 
 a damned soul, sometimes applied to a 
 naughty or provoking boy, an imp. 
 
 *t'em 1. T. 'fen(-pa) I. vb. t. to bind 
 together, to knead; — a-fem s. the join- 
 ing two articles tightly together by string 
 etc. 2. n. to settle down (as earth), to 
 be pressed down (as anything), to become 
 firm. 3. to wait, to tarry, to stay ik kam 
 fem-lun bam I will wait, have a little 
 patience, I will sleep over it; 4. to sup- 
 port, endure, forbear. 
 
 *t'em 2. T. fem {-pa to be perfect) vb. 
 to perform anything completely and well; 
 fem-bo adj. full, complete, perfect. 
 
 *fem-pd T. fem-pa s. steps to a door- 
 way, a threshold. See also tem-po/i. 
 
 t'er see fydr. 
 
 t'el 1. vb. to be close, to be approximate, 
 to be next to, to adjoin; fel-bo the ad- 
 jacent, the next, fel-lu//-re id., fel-liin 
 nan to lie next to. — a-fel s. one grade 
 below or above, next in rank or age. 
 
 t'el 2., a-tel also a-fyel s. a tumor, 
 sebaceous tumor, swelling in fiesh; adj. 
 hard, indurate. 
 
 to 1. high, great, exalted kd-yu-len hu 
 fo he is greater than we. — a-fo adj. 
 above, a little above. See also fu 1. 
 
 *t'o 2. s. T. mfo s. a hammer, fo-nun 
 buk or fok vb. to hammer. 
 
 *fo 3. T. ifo s. 1. register, list, catalogue, 
 2. sign, badge, token, lyan-to s. register 
 of places, topographical r. ; mi-fo T. mi-fo 
 s. a census; gi-c6 fo s. an inventary; da- 
 fo T. zla-fo an almanac; tsuk-fo s. voca- 
 bulary, nomenclature; fo-pok s. a register- 
 ed allowance, a pension. 
 
 fo kyop vb. 1. to take a list, to make 
 or compile a register, 2. to fix a badge 
 or token. 
 
 to 4., fd-m vb. to place, to lay, to put 
 down, sin-te-ka fo to place on the table, 
 
156 
 
 fo, W-m 
 
 fo— fok 
 
 t'o-wun nyi (the caldrons) were set J. 
 sak-cin-ka fo to hold in mind, to con- 
 sider, td-se-t'in-nun rin fo-ba a-lo-yo-ha 
 nyi-wun-sd zd tsdn-nd-ka gek-lat- sum-bo 
 pat-kup-sdii do sak-cin-ka fo-o Padma- 
 sambhava said: hold in mind, ye Tibetans, 
 that (because) you must be reborn under 
 such circumstances P., — to command, 
 to order, to cause, pd-no-nun td-se fin- 
 mum sd-dyak' kat no fo-yam-o the king 
 ordered Padmasambhava to be boiled 
 (in a caldron) for a whole day; — forms 
 transitiva fr. other vbs. e. c. kydp fo, gyom 
 to, nydn fo, tek fo, tet fo, top fo, tyop fo, 
 dal fo, dyd fo, pi fo, pyok fo, ma fo, ndk 
 fo, zuk fo, rik fo, su fo, ot fo, dyit fo etc. 
 with adverbs nan-Id fo etc. e. c. hit-nun 
 hum Id-vo sam tet ma fo; mw hUm ik pyil- 
 Id ma md-Kvm-niin-sd Mk-min-sd zuk fdm- 
 bo kyun kat lyo-ban fdt dyok-sd krak-tsu 
 sit-lun a-kvp-rem o-re-ka fap tin un pun- 
 sd lv,k-min von-ka nydn fo she hid him 
 three months and when she could not 
 longer hide him, she took for him an 
 ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with 
 slime and with pitch, and put the child 
 therein; and she laid it in the flags by 
 the river's brink Gr. 2. 2/3. go-niin ci 
 far nyi so-nap-ba bi-sdn rin-cet mat fo-pa 
 it was stipulated, that I should pay the 
 price of the marwa at sunset P. — to 
 leave ofp, to desist, fo dydt or fo yet to 
 place down, to leave off, to leave alone; 
 M. 114. — fo fat 1. p. p. put down, left 
 off, desisted, obsolete, 2. imperatively: 
 stop, leave off, let it be. — fom ger. 
 
 1. placing, to place fom md-Mn-ne to be 
 unable to place; fdm-lyan s. the place 
 for putting, the receptacle, fdm-lya?i md- 
 nyin-ne there is no room for placing; 
 fom-fyd md-nyin-ne there is no means 
 for placing; 2. desisting, fom md-yd-ne 
 not to be able to leave off, dyok fdm-md 
 KUn-niin-d can you not leave off work; 
 fom-bo part, fom-bo-re s. 1. the placer, 
 
 2. the thing for laying on; forms the 
 part. perf. pass. e. c. ma fom-bo hidden, 
 pi fom-bo written etc.; kikn-dun-sd zuk- 
 
 fom-bo fa-bo an eater of the earnings 
 of others. — fom-ldt s. location, inter- 
 stallation. — a-f6m s. 1. a place for lay- 
 ing things; 2. leaving off, a-fdm tu-tidt 
 time for leaving off, 3. a windfall, ripe 
 fruit blown from tree. 
 
 fo 5. T. fogs (-pa hindrance) vb. to 
 arrest, to impede, to hinder, to retain, 
 to detain, to stop, to hold enough, to 
 defer, so-sa tet fo wait till the fine weather; 
 fo fo stop, hold hand, enough; to-ld fo-ld, 
 a-no fo-ld fo-ld dilatorily ; fo-o stop, wait, 
 ik kam fo-o stop a little, kam-ld md-fo-ne 
 without any keeping back, without re- 
 serve, kam-ld md-fo-nd byi give all with- 
 out reserve. 
 
 t'ok 1. s. time, season, kd-sO, fok-ka in 
 my time; sd-rofi fok now-a-days; dydn-^d 
 fok-ka formerly, in former times, ancient- 
 ly; zum-fok-ka during life-time; postp. 
 answers to the English affix "hood" 
 a-kHp-fok s. childhood, 6n-fok s. boyhood; 
 mi-fok s. generation. 
 
 *t'ok 2. s. T. fog 1. the highest point, 
 high, in L. "great" pd-no fok the great 
 king, foA *ar great increase; 2. the roof of 
 house, story li kat- fok a one-storied house. 
 
 *tbk 3. T. fog s. "a thunderbolt" in L. 
 "calamity" fok zdk c. to befall. 
 
 *t'ok 4. T. fog s. 1. the produce of field, 
 the crop, fok-pUt T. fog-pud s. the first 
 fruits; /foA; dO, T. fog sdud(-pd) vb. to 
 gather the crop, to bring home the har- 
 vest; 2. the learning, the fruits of learn- 
 ing, yuk-miin co fok-kHn pap the y. laid 
 down his learning i. e. died. 
 
 *tok 5. T. fod(-pa) s. the skull, fok-por 
 T. fodr-por s. a cup made from a human 
 skull; also fyak-por. 
 
 *tok 6. T. fog s. (fortune, wealth) fok- 
 blo s. an heir M. — ■ (ok rin (T. fog rin 
 "the whole value") in L. s. compensation, 
 fok rin byi vb. to compensate M. 
 
 t'ok 7. vb. to hammer, to malleate, to 
 thump, pUn-jen fok-bo s. a blacksmith, 
 to stab, ban-nun fok to give a blow with 
 a knife; obsc. td-dyH fok vb. feminam 
 subigere. 
 
(oA, a-t'oA 
 
 foA, a-t'on 
 
 157 
 
 a-fok s. the tilting of iron, piin-jen a-fok, 
 the coining of money. 
 
 t'oii 1., a-t'on s. the foot; the leg, see 
 also dyan; a-fon-ka gap pyok-tsa vb. to 
 fall at the feet of, to worship; a-fon-ka 
 pa- tin tsu vb. to have splinter run in 
 foot; a-ton-kd tsam-liin pyok-tsa vb. to lay 
 hold of the feet as mark of adoration; 
 a-fon-ka vil kyop vb. to put iron on legs; 
 a-fon-ka a-yum md-nyin-ne vb. to be un- 
 steady on leg; a-fon-ka a-yum nyi to be 
 firm on leg; (a-^fon(^-sa) klek vb. to tramp 
 down or tread on with feet; a-fon-sd nrik 
 vb. to bore with heel; a-fon-sd non-nun 
 dop vb. to have frozen feet; a-fon-sd tsop 
 vb. to tread with feet (as the treading 
 out of corn); a-fon-sd lyan mat vb. to 
 dislocate foot; a-fon-sd ha vb. to toss 
 aside earth with feet; a-fon-sd hut vb. to 
 scrape with feet (as a horse). — a-fon 
 a-gun barefeet; a-fon jum-bam-ho having 
 leg withered; a-fon pdk without feet; 
 (a-) ton hul-bo adj. bandy-legged; {a-)fon 
 sdr-bo s. a cripple; a-fon sor non to be 
 lame with one leg. — a-t'on kryak vb. to 
 tread, a-fon hydw, kryak to t. softly; a-fon 
 cet-tdn kryak to t. heavily; a-fon kryak- 
 lyan s. a pathway; — (a-) fori krydk vb. 
 to stamp with feet; — a-fon gal vb. 1. to 
 have leg broken, 2. to be disgraced; — 
 a-fon gyuf vb. (the feet) to be asleep; 
 
 — a-fon con vb. to wash the feet; — 
 a-foh tu vb. to wash feet; — a-fon ten 
 vb. to have sinew of leg contracted; — 
 a-fon dek vb. (the feet) to crack fr. dry- 
 ness of skin; — a-fon pup vb. to draw 
 in feet; — a-fon flen vb. to stretch out 
 the legs; a-fon flen bu nan vb. to sit with 
 outstretched feet; — a-fon bu nan vb. to 
 sit on feet; — a-fon l&m-ka non vb. to 
 travel on foot; — a-fon hydm hydm lam 
 vb. to walk softly; — a-fon hlyom vb. to 
 have the feet blistered; — a-fon s6m vb. 
 to have stiff legs; — a-fon uyup vb. to 
 limp; — a-fon ik vb. to spread out legs; 
 
 — (a-) ton ol vb. to sprain feet. — 2. the 
 stalk of grain, the straw of corn etc. 
 
 ho-nun hd-yum zo-fon zon ya-ld mat thou 
 hast consumed them as stubble. Ex. 
 
 Comp. fon gom s. a step, a stride; 
 fon gom hrydn-bo s. a long stepper, a 
 strider; fon-gom hrydn-bo-ld non vb. to 
 go along stepping out. — fon gop i. q. tun- 
 gdp s. OS tibia. — (a-^fon gov s. a kick, 
 fon-gor aydk vb. to kick backwards (as 
 a horse); a-fofi kryom-ld fon-gor dydk vb. 
 to kick with both legs; — a-fon tuk-jer 
 dydk vb. to kick outwards as a cow; — 
 (a-^fon cak s. the joints of feet and legs; 
 
 — (a-) fon CO bdk s. the calf of leg; — 
 (a-') fon jdk s. the second toe; — (a-^fon- 
 jom s. the toes generally; (a-)fon-jdm 
 byek s. or fon-jom bydr s. the space between 
 toes; {or^fori-jom-sd 16m vb. 1. to go on 
 tip of toe; 2. to go quickly; — {a-') fon 
 tik s. the small of leg between ancle and 
 calf, the shin; — (a-) fon tun s. the heel; 
 
 — (a-^fon fi s. the tops of toes; — (a)- 
 fon fya s. a kick, (a-) fon fya pdk vb. to 
 kick forwards (as man); — (a-) fon dom 
 s. the first or big toe; — (a-') fon pun-ci 
 s. the toe-nails; — fon po s. a step, vb. 
 to take a step; — (a-^fon pydl s. the foot- 
 mark; — (a-') fori bi s. the place where 
 the feet are, standing -place; — (a-)fon 
 bok s. the soun(i of footsteps; (a-) fon bok 
 grik id.; — fon bydr see fon-jom bydr; — 
 (a-) fon mik s. an ancle-bone; — {a-') fon 
 zor dak s. psoriasis or scales between 
 toes, said to proceed fr. a spec, of small 
 worm residing in dung or mud, vb. to 
 be excoriated between the toes; — («)- 
 fon yon s. the third toe; — {a-^fon lit s. 
 the fourth toe; — a-fon lyok s. the sole 
 of foot, a-fo7i lyok pldn s. the instep; — 
 (a-') fon vyet s. the little toe; — a-fon vyo 
 B. the bone of leg; — fon-suk s. stockings, 
 fori -silk dam s. garters. — fam-fon s. 
 stubble, o-re-niln lok-re mi-zdr lyan om- 
 ka tUn-sum Idm-ka fam-fon gyom-sdn-ka 
 sdn-n6n so the people were scattered 
 abroad throughout all the land of Egypt 
 to gather stubble instead of straw Ex. 
 5. 12. 
 
158 
 
 *fon-t'or 
 
 *t'or— t'dk 
 
 *t'on 2. T. mfons s. pavilion, platform, 
 gri ton s. hon. a house, a palace. 
 
 *t'on 3. u-ton hon. i. q. fdk s. turban 
 M. 133. 
 
 *tot-[ior T. fod-por i.q. tok-por see fok 5. 
 
 ton 1. for to-nun. 
 
 *ton 2. T. fow (to emerge) s. a rash, 
 ton ryu-non the rash is well; mun-kin 
 tsuk-ba ton pld a swelling nose from bite 
 of musquito; vb. also for rash to break 
 out, fon (^lun) di s. a breaking out of 
 rash, jak fon s. an itching rash. Lichen 
 tropicus. 
 
 *t'op vb. T. fob(-pa) to find, to get, to 
 obtain, to earn, pd-rdn hu-do fon-jom 
 kryak lyan md-fop-nd-lun . . . but the 
 dove found no rest for the sole of her 
 foot Gr. — mun-lom fop vb. to bless Ex. 
 fop fo (lit. having obtained and placed) 
 possessions, earnings, go fop fo md-nyin- 
 ne I have got no propriety I have earned 
 nothing; — ho-dom sot fop thou hast ren- 
 dered thyself subject to death; thou hast 
 earned death; — fop-ld mat vb. to obtain, 
 to procure ; — fop-pun used in s. of one's 
 right, (to get) right, claim, gettings, 
 acquirements, fop-pun-sd gi-c6-ka ryak 
 to beg and get what one has a right to; 
 md-fop-nun-sd what one has no right to, 
 tnd-fop-VMn-sd gi-co ryak to beg and get 
 what one has no right. 
 
 a-fop s. earning, wages, portion, what- 
 ever comes to hand. 
 
 top 2. redupl. fap-pd fop-pd feeling 
 carefully (as blind man), fap-pd fop-pd 
 ndn vb. to go carefully feeling along as 
 blind m. or person in dark. — pul-fop-ld 
 round-topped, not pointed, blunt, tiin- 
 gydl p.-top-ld a blunt dibble. 
 
 *t'om vb. T. 'fomQ-pa) vb. 1. to be 
 puzzled, to be perplexed, to be con- 
 founded, to be ignorant of, see go fom; 
 — fom fom 1. s. doubt, perplexity, hesi- 
 tation, 2. adj. confused, embarrassed; — 
 2. to be blunt-ended tdk-tsu fom-ndn the 
 hoe has become blunt; see also fop 2. 
 
 tor vb. to be plump as child, to be 
 full-bodied as fruit, rice, kup-for s. womb; 
 
 for tor adj. plump, full-bodied; co-gu for- 
 fdm-bo sheets of paper pasted together. 
 
 a- for adj. fat (fruit and corn, when 
 approaching to ripness), a-for-nun kla-ld 
 ti vb. to ripen rapidly. 
 
 *t'or T. 'for(^-ba') reduplic. far-rd tor-rd 
 adv. here and there, anywhere, U far-rd 
 far-rd nan houses to lie scattered here 
 and there, far-rd for-rd md-mat-tiin do 
 not move about. 
 
 t'or-dok (T. 'tor-rdog) unison, with one 
 accord, sak-cin tor-dok mat vb. to agree 
 in opinion. 
 
 t'ol 1. vb. to be acrid, to be astringent; 
 s. n. of from which poison for fish is 
 extracted bru-fol a spec, of bru, 2. n. of 
 creeper bearing astringent fruit, fol-ld 
 tol-ld biting, astringent, a-hon fol-ld tol- 
 Id su vb. (mouth) to burn. 
 
 t'd 1. s. a footing, purchase, fulcrum, 
 a stronghold; weight, influence; num-sim- 
 nyo-sd to kom man's security is money; 
 t6 md-nyin-ne to be without purchase, 
 to be without power; fo-ka tsam vb. to 
 take possession of, to get hold of; hd-yu 
 lyan-ka go fom lyan a-td-niin hd-yum t6- 
 ka tsdm bam they are entangled in the 
 land, the wilderness hath shut them in 
 Ex. a place of security, asylum, defence, 
 a sanctuary; to lyan s. a place of security; 
 an asylum, to tek vb. to place in security; 
 fd ddk s. lord of refuge. 
 
 t'd 2. (i. q. 1 ?) dd fd a large expanse, 
 a sea of water. 
 
 t'dk 1. vb. n. to be stiff, to be rigid, 
 to be severe, sd-li t'dk bow to be stiff; 
 md-rd tdk-bo a severe, stern person. — 
 a-fdk adj. stiff (the pulling of a bow 
 when tight), sd-li a-fdk a stiff bow. 
 
 t'dk 2. vb. t. to reach the height, to 
 come to full maturity, so-ri/i tdk (for sun) 
 to have reached its height; for sunshine 
 to be thrown everywhere; sd^tsuk tdk- 
 kun-sd yum-ndn when the sun waxed hot, 
 it melted Ex. fo-kup pun-ku tdk-lun 
 Idm-h the young bird having obtained 
 its wings will fly; n. to be in season as 
 fruit, to culminate, tam-pdt fdk-ndn s. the 
 
«k— fi5n 
 
 *f(Jn— f6t 
 
 159 
 
 fruit-season has arrived; the fruit reached 
 maturity. — t'ok-ld adv. perfectly. — a-fok 
 s. maturity. 
 
 t'dk 3. onom. tiik-fdk-ld plump with a 
 crash, t.-f.-ld glo vb. to fall down plump. 
 
 *t'(5k 4. T. fags-togs (fogs-pa) impedi- 
 ment; vb. to barricade as road, door, 
 etc., to fasten, go-don fok to fasten gate. 
 — a-fok s. the closing of a door. 
 
 *t'(5k 5. T. fag s. a string, a rope nyo 
 fok; — *fdk-cdt T. fag-gcod(-pa to cut off 
 all impediment) to be firm, to be de- 
 cided, to be conclusive, to be convincing, 
 used also for certainly e. c. go fdk-cdt 
 non-so I shall certainly go; also fok kat 
 cat to be decided, to decide on a thing; 
 tok-cdt-ld adv. decisively, certainly; fok- 
 cdt-ld mak he is undoubtedly dead; fdk- 
 cdt-lun yd to know for certainty. 
 
 *t'dk 6. T. 'fag(-pa) 1. vb. t. to weave, 
 as cloth dum fok; dum fdk-bo s. a weaver; 
 2. s. i. q. fok-ro a loom. 
 
 *(dk 7. T.'fag{-pa) vb. t. to grind; lun 
 fok s. millstones; cu fok s. a watermill. 
 
 t'dk 8. see md-rum md-fok s. life, vital 
 princip P. 
 
 *fdk 9. see fdk 2. and nor-fok T. fag. 
 
 t'di 1. T. fan (open, clean, a clear space 
 or plain) lyan foh s. a plain, an open 
 space, also an unconfined country; dis- 
 tance, sd-dydr mi ton a gunshot distance, 
 liberty, freedom, independence, adjly. 
 unrestrained, also in s. of (s.) will, dis- 
 posal, please, inclination, a-do fori, gum 
 it is your own will, pleasure, just as you 
 like; a-do fon as you like, a-do fon nyim 
 gdk su nyi-wu/i go if it is your pleasure, 
 what does it matter; a-do fon mat-td-o 
 do as you like; kd-su f&n md-go-ne it is 
 not my wish; vyet ddk-sd fon-ka nyi the 
 slave is at the disposal of the lord (re- 
 spectful mode of speach); go-nun a-do 
 fon-ka nyi I am at your disposal; md-ro 
 do fdn-ka lyot-fat left loose to one's 
 own will. 
 
 fon-nyim-bo s. one's own master, an 
 independent person. 
 
 *(6n-de incorr. fdn-de, ton-de etc. T. fan- 
 
 'das (beyond the limits) at large un- 
 controlled licence, freedom from all re- 
 straint, indifferent or careless of con- 
 sequences, f6n-de md-ro s. a person who 
 cares for nobody; fon-de lyan s. a lawless 
 country; mlo fon-de dydn fo vb. to throw 
 every thing into disorder; fon-de mat vb. 
 to be at large, to breach, to violate (as 
 laws), to give unrestrained way (as to 
 passions), to throw into disorder, to 
 abandon, fon-de mat(-liin) li vb. to speak 
 without control: fon-de li; J. ho sd-fa 
 tet kd-yum fe-tsom-ka tsam lon-ham-mun- 
 go ho ma-si re gdn kd-yum, foA-de mat 
 dun-nd how long dost thou make us to 
 doubt? if thou be the Christ, tell us 
 plainly J.; fon-de-lun bam to live inde- 
 pendently; a-lit bur-d&n fon-de lyot to 
 give unbridled vein to one's passions. 
 
 ton-mo s. "open place" a floor, a space 
 for drying grain on, t.-mo pldn zo lo to 
 dry grain on the drying floor; f6n-s6 T. 
 tan-sa s. a plain, an open space of ground 
 or country. 
 
 redupl. tUn-fon [see kan'\ giving way 
 to one's feelings, agitation, perturbation 
 of feelings; kan tuh-fdh md-mat-tun do 
 not give way to your feelings, do not be 
 agitated. 
 
 a-fon s. a division in a story or tale, 
 sun-ka a-fon, a d. of field nydt ton. 
 
 *t'dn 2. T. tan{-po') adj. firm. *tdn-cet 
 T. fan-cad to be wearied, fatigued, ex- 
 hausted, ton-cet non vb. to be so. 
 
 *fdn-sin T. fan-sin s. pine-tree, ton-sin 
 cu s. terpentine, gum, rosin, ton-sin cu 
 num s. terpentine, ton-sin cu ciyit or hyo 
 rosin. 
 
 t'dt 1. i. q. fat q. v. 
 
 fdt 2. vb.t. to cut, a-tsom tot to cut hair. 
 
 *t'dt 3. T. 'tad{-pa) 1. vb. to be glad, 
 sdm tot to be glad, to rejoice, 2. to like, 
 to esteem. 
 
 t'dt 4. vb. to be detached, to be sepa- 
 rated, as from body, work, to be in de- 
 tachments, sections, mak-mi pun-nun tot 
 to be detached from the body of the 
 army; tdt-lun non to go in detachments. 
 
160 
 
 *fdn— ttp 
 
 *fdp— t'dl 
 
 bands or parties; fot-lun dyok zuk vb. to 
 do work by parties or in portions; tdt- 
 lun rin li vb. to speak by divisions; — 
 €6t-td fot-td adv. in divisions, in detach- 
 ments, in sections: so t'.-td t'.-td yu rain 
 to fall in separate showers. — 2. (see 
 under a-fdt 3.) vb. to set a-fdt by 
 placing one or more troughs of water 
 and setting sticks smeared with bird-lime 
 on the sides; or where there is water 
 by setting them on the banks; the w. is 
 derived from the above "divisions" from 
 the sticks being placed in sections. 
 
 a-fot s. 1. a party or detachment (of 
 men or animals), 2. division in labour, 
 a-fot a-fdt non to go by detachment, 
 a-fdt a-fdt dyok to work by divisions, at 
 intervals; 3. a mode of snaring birds, 
 fdt vb. to set the snare, td-fdn fdt 1. s. 
 a snare for birds. 
 
 *f5n 1. s. T. fan (-pa) dry weather, 
 n. of 6 th month f.-nydm. 
 
 t(5n 2. s. the flower of oak-chestnut-tree 
 tdn rip, so fdn or kd-so ton s. the chestnut. 
 
 fdn fdt s. 1. n. of the smallest spec, of 
 leech: f.-f. bu; 2. n. of a spec, of gnat 
 fdn-sd dydt. 
 
 fdp 1. vb. t. to finger, to sooth with 
 hand a-kd fdp; to finger as when playing 
 on fiute pd-lit fdp, to play music rap- 
 nyen fdp; to flap as wings pun-ku fdp. 
 
 t'dp 2. vb. n. to be obstructed, stopped 
 up as road, Idm fdp-ndn-ne the road is 
 obstructed; to be struck as by falling 
 tree or any thing heavy; to be weighed 
 down as man when carrying heavy load, 
 to be bent down by weight of load. — 
 fydp cans, to strike, to knock down, kun 
 fydp-lun fam-cdn sdt vb. to kill an ani- 
 mal by causing a tree to fall down on it. 
 
 t'dp 3. (great numbers in succession) 
 vb. to fall down as milk, to overflow 
 when boiling nyen fdp sor gdn nyo-so if 
 milk (boiling m.) overflows and falls it 
 is ominous. — s. a-fdp great numbers, 
 great quantities as of fish, locusts etc. 
 flights, flocks; a-fdp a-fdp great numbers 
 in succession; see a-ddp; fyup. 
 
 *t'dp 4. s. T. fab a fire-place, a hearth 
 mi fdp; used in s. of cooking: fdp zuk 
 vb. to cook or to prepare provisions; 
 fdp zuk-bo s. a cook; fdp dyok mat-bo s. 
 a skullion. 
 
 *fdp 5. s. T. fobs contrivance, method, 
 means, mode, expedient, nyi-sdn-sd fdp- 
 ka as an expedient to there-being; zuk- 
 sdn fdp mat vb. to contrive a mode for 
 doing it; fdp mat-ydm-bo s. one having 
 inventive faculty. 
 
 *t'dp 6. T. 'fab(-pa) vb. to fight, Jed fdp 
 to squabble. 
 
 fdp 7. vb. to be answerable for, to be 
 responsible for go-nun hu-sd md-fdp-nd so 
 I shall not be responsible for him. 
 
 t'dm see to. 
 
 t'dr see far 3. 
 
 t'dr vb. 1. to reach the goal, to gain 
 the end or the highest point, kun-ka for 
 vb. to reach the very top of tree, a-dek- 
 ka fdr vb. to gain the end, dyok-sd a-pdt 
 for vb. to gain the fruits of one's labour; 
 — 2. T. far{^bd) to escape, to get free, 
 to get thro', tok-nun fdr vb. to escape 
 thro' a difficult or dangerous crisis (of 
 sickness etc.), Id-yo-nun fdr vb. to escape 
 from sin, to receive absolution; fdr-sdn 
 rin li vb. to make defense; 3. adj. a-fdr 
 practicable, feasible, fdr-sdn-d is it 
 feasible?; fdr-bi or fdr-lyan s. outlet etc., 
 fdr-lyan md-nyin-ne there is no way of 
 escape, no outlet; — fdr-ldm s. prosperity, 
 welfare, freedom, salvation; J. 
 
 fydr caus. of fdr to let go, to set free, 
 to cause to set free, to emancipate, fyor- 
 Idm sd-re dye-ho-va-nun a-yum, sd-rdn 
 nydt-sum-bo-rem ndk-kd see the salvation 
 of the Lord, which he will shew to you 
 to-day. Ex.; — fydr-bo s. saviour J. 
 
 a-fydr s. escaping from confinement 
 (man or beast), desertion (as of soldier 
 or servant). 
 
 fdl vb. n. to be near, to be at hand, 
 said of time or place ; fdl-ba, fdl-bi advly. 
 near, shortly, hd-yu-niin .... dye-su-miLm 
 lyan dd-sd a-plan-ka Idm Id nd-var-sd 
 fdl bi fi-wHn si-liin they see J. walking 
 
fdl, a-tti— l^an 
 
 on the sea, and drawing nigh unto the 
 ship J. ; M-ha (iol-bt) md-fop-ne you will 
 not get it soon; fol-ba (fol-bi) lyan s. 
 the adjacent country; fol-bam-bo one 
 living near, a neighbour. — a-fol adj. 
 near, said of place or time; s. relation- 
 ship num-nu fdl near relationship, a-fol 
 mat adv. only a short distance M. 129. 
 a-fol-bo s. a fellow-creature Chr. 
 
 fyol cans, to collide, to bring or to 
 come in contact with, fydl tek to clash, 
 bdk-ce fyol to beat cymbals; Idn-ka fyol 
 to press between stones; fy6l{-lun) din 
 vb. to stand between, to stand very close. 
 
 a-tyol adj. pinched between, a-kd a-fyol 
 fop to have one's hand pinched. 
 
 fdl, a-fdl 1. adj. large, applied to plants 
 and ears of corn, kd-cer fdl, mon fdl; — 
 mon pyun fdl a large ear of millet etc. 
 2. s. testicles. 
 
 tya, tya s. 1. remedy M. 144, means, 
 help for; resources, substance, provision, 
 go a-re fat gdn ik fyd nyi if I lose this 
 I have got other resources; sd-lo-ld mat 
 fyd md-nyin-ne do it as you like, it is 
 impossible; fdm fyd md-nyin-ne there is 
 no means of placing; Mi-sd fam-ddk-ka 
 fyd md-nyin-ne there is no remedy for 
 his sickness; sdt m,at-sd fyd md-nyin-ne 
 except to kill it there is no resource, 
 no help for it; zuk-sdn fyd md-nyin-ne 
 there is no means of doing it; — fyd 
 md-nyin-nHm-bo adj. without remedy, 
 hopeless, helpless, without alternation; 
 — 2. in s. of power, pa fyd the power 
 of lasting, durable. 
 
 tydk vb. to jump upwards, fydk-lUn fyet 
 vb. to jump up to cut; fydk-lun tsam vb. 
 to jump up to catch; to fly upwards in 
 air as arrow etc. tsdn fydk, fo fydk. 
 
 tyat see fet 1, 2. 
 
 fyan cans, of fan to drink. 
 
 t'ydn cans, of fan to cause to discharge, 
 to expel. 
 
 t'yan vb. t. i. q. vd, mim tydn i. q. mun 
 vd to sing psalms or elegies as at festival 
 of sd-gi. 
 
 t'yan vb. to laugh, sd-zdl-ld fydn to laugh 
 
 fyan — l^ak 
 
 161 
 
 merrily; sd-zii-ld fydn to pretend to laugh; 
 no sdt-ld fydn to laugh hypocritically; sak 
 prok-lun fydn to laugh a horse-laughter; 
 iim-Mn fydn to laugh inwardly; — fydn- 
 Id adv. laughingly, fydn-ld fydn-ld li vb. 
 to speak laughingly; — tydn-mii-sd rin 
 a laughable speach; — fydn pat vb. to 
 have a fit of laughter. 
 
 a-fydn s. merriment, joviality, laughter; 
 a-fydn a-nyiit s. joviality; a-fydn a-nyiit- 
 sd bam to live merrily; a-fydn su bam 
 to roar with laughter; a-fydn dun vb. to 
 suppress 1. — fydn lyan s. cause of 1.; 
 fydn lyan md-nyin-ne there is no occasion 
 for 1.; fydn-ka san vb. to suppress 1. 
 
 t'yan see fyen. 
 
 t'yam also fydm vb. t. to precipitate, to 
 cleanse by precipitation, as to put rice 
 zo fydm into water to allow the sand 
 and dirt to settle at bottom. — sd-fydm- 
 Id settling down as earth etc. fat sd- 
 fydm-ld ndn earth to settle down; Idm 
 sd-fydm-ld ndn road to descend down- 
 wards; rin sd-fydm-ld ndn to browbeat. 
 
 t'yar 1. vb. to plait, to work close 
 basket-work, tun-grydn fydr, mat td-lii. 
 fydr; also fyer. — a-fydr s. the plaiting 
 of small close basket, go pe-lun a-fydr yd 
 I know to make the fine basket. 
 
 fyar 2. explet. to vyen. 
 
 fyar-fo s. spec, of woodpecker, Micro- 
 pteruus phaioceps. See kd-fydr-fo, kd- 
 fyer-fo. 
 
 (t'yal), a-^al s. a wen or excrescence 
 on body or tree, projections in blanket. 
 
 i'ya in comp. a kick forwards or down- 
 wards e. c. dyan fya, tUn-fya, fo fya, fo 
 fya pdk or tUn-fya pdk vb. to kick out 
 with foot td-do pd-no tUn-fya pdk ndn to 
 rebel against one's king. 
 
 t'yak I. 1. vb. to know, to be acquaint- 
 ed with, to be conversant with, to be 
 cognizant of, to understand, mik fyak 
 1. to know by eyesight, 2. to know 
 carnally, mik fyak-bo a concubine Tbr.; 
 Id-yo fyak vb. to know sin i. e. to shew 
 it, Id-yo md-fyak-ne to commit sin; — 2. to 
 distinguish, recognize, bH-sd pd-tin md- 
 
 11 
 
162 
 
 fyak, a-fyak 
 
 fyak, a-tyak 
 
 tyah-ne not to distinguish a piece of stick 
 from a snake, fam-cdn o-re-re-ka ma- 
 ty ak-ne-yam-o it is impossible to recog- 
 nize it as a beast P. ho-nun pd-tun a-re 
 to-ka nyi-pu ndk fyak-kd le discern, I pray 
 thee, whose are these: the staff etc. G. 
 fyak~ld mat to inform, to make known, 
 be it known, a-re den-tmk yuk-nun md- 
 rd to giin-nd fyak-ld mat-td-o or ko nyi- 
 Id mat-td-o or tan mat-tdro know all men 
 by these presents. 
 
 f yak-bo s. one who knows; an acquaint- 
 ance, fyak-kun having knowledge, in- 
 formation. 
 
 a-fyak a-lyo a. an acquaintance, a-fyak 
 a-lyo 16m s. the intercourse of acquaint- 
 ance, a-fyak zon s. an acquaintance. 
 
 t'yak n. (fr. I cfr. a-li and li) a-t'yak s. 
 the head a-fyak a-lo id. M. 137, hon. u 
 T. dbu M. 19. a-fyak-ka co ka lit. to put 
 book on head: to put to oath; a-fyak 
 ryu gdn tuk tuk ryu if the head be good 
 the cap will be good; a-fyak a-gun an 
 uncovered head; a-fyak tim-ba a-lut md- 
 nyin-ne a large head but no brains, a-fyak- 
 nun jen-bo; a-fyak-kun a-dyan pal-ld md- 
 ryu-num-bo bad from head to foot; a 
 person, a-fyak a-nok-bo a human being, 
 a-fyak a-nok a-fo a-dum a black head 
 and white teeth, means nothing out of the 
 common way, an ordinary matter, implies 
 also equality; — summit, top, upper 
 part, a-fyak md-nyin-num-bo a small 
 letter of alphabet T. u-met, a-fyak nyim- 
 bo a capital letter T. u-cen; — td-gdn fyak 
 s. chillam; — first place, principal 
 place, a-fyak md-nyin-ne without head, 
 i. e. without government, without acquaint- 
 ance; (a-')fyak-bo s. a leader, a chief; 
 responsibleness; consequences; a-fyak- 
 ka ndk vb. to look to consequences, to 
 examine the head for fate; a-fyak-ka nyi 
 vb. to be responsible for; a-fyak-ka zdk- 
 or fi-so you will repent it; — a-fyak-ka 
 advly. in respect of, against; — race, 
 generation; (td-rdK) a-fyak tek-ndn (six) 
 generations past; ka-yu-niin nu-sdn sam 
 fd-li a-tyak md-ndn-nd tet bri md-mat-ne 
 
 we do not marry relatives till they are 
 three or four generations removed. 
 
 a-fyak kuk vb. to bow the head, a-fyak 
 kuk-ndn vb. to run at with bowed head 
 (as a bull); a-tyak krdt vb. to scrape or 
 to comb the hair; a-tyak gi vb. to in- 
 cline head on one side; a-fyak gram bi 
 vb. to break head; a-fyak glok a bald 
 head; fyak glot mun s. the name of a 
 ravenous devouring evil spirit; a-fyak 
 nam vb. to nod head (as in assent); 
 a-tyak not vb. to decapitate, to behead; 
 a-fyak cdn vb. to put heads together, 
 a-fyak cdn-lun krut mat to consult to- 
 gether; a-fyak tuk to cover head, a-fyak 
 tuk ak to uncover head; a-tyak tydt vb. 
 to decapitate, to behead; fyak-dtim mun 
 (see ton-mun) s. n. pr. lit. the white- 
 headed evil spirit, from his being re- 
 presented as an old man; a-tyak dot vb. 
 to deliver as from captivity; a-fyak nuf 
 tydt adj. over head, vb. to be over head 
 in water; a-fyak ndn vb. to be dead Tbr.; 
 a-tyak pldn-ka a-kd ka bi vb. to lay hand 
 on head; a-fyak fok head indented from 
 carrying heavy loads; a-fyak fron vb. to 
 poll or take a register of persons, a-fyak 
 frdn k&n s. a capitation, tax; a-fyak flat 
 vb. to wash the head; a-fyak brup vb. 
 to have a prominent head; a-fyak brdm 
 s. a great man; a-fyak tsdk-lun 16m vb. 
 to go with head upwards; a-tyak-ka lat 
 vb. to attack; a-tyak I6k vb. to break 
 head; a-tyak hut vb. to scratch the head; 
 a-fyak hrydt vb. to shake the head; a-tyak 
 •mm vb. to deceive; a-fyak vydl vb. to 
 shake head in token of dissent. 
 
 Comp. a-fyak ka s. the band used 
 across head in carrying burdens. — (a)- 
 tyak kam s. a pillow, a-fyak- sd a-fyak 
 kam md-brydt-ne to be confined to bed 
 (as by sickness). — (a-)fyak kin s. the 
 fore-head. — a-fyak k6n, a-fyak kon-niin 
 tsdk-n6n towards the head; a-tyak kon- 
 niin lu vb. to raise the h. — a-fyak nyel 
 s. the crown of head. — a-tyak tok ts6 s. 
 a wreath of jewels. — fyak tuk s. a cap, 
 a hat i.q. tHk tvk. — (n-')tyak ddk s. head- 
 
tyak-ku— tyam 
 
 ache. — a-tyak dam s. the crown of the 
 head, a-fyak dam cuk s. the centre of 
 crown, a-tyak dam tiik-Mp s. the circular 
 lines at the crown of head, a-tyak dam- 
 sd a-pldn-ka or tyak-dam plan upon the 
 crown of the head or aboye do., t.-d. 
 pl.-sd a-tin hon. lord of all, great lord 
 (resp. address), a-tyak dam pldn-ka lyo 
 to give constant head to anything, tyak 
 dam-sd a-plan-ka rdk vb. to undertake 
 etc., pd-no ko tyak dam-sd a-pldn-ka rdk 
 vb. to place on head the order of king, 
 to perform, to undertake. (a-)tyak dam 
 a-nan adj. directly over head, vertical, 
 a-t. d. a.-n. ti to become v. — (a-)tyak 
 pok s. a turban, (a-) tyak pok nydk bam 
 to tie on turban. — tyak-por see tok-por 
 s. a cup made from a skull. — tyak bdl 
 s. scurf, dandriff. — a-tyak bap li s. the 
 skull. — a-tyak biik-sd fri son a scanty 
 measure. — a-tyak yon s. the brains. — 
 a-tyak hip ban kup s. a razor. — a-tyak 
 sdk s. a head-louse. — a-fyak sok s. the 
 sutures of bone. — (a-)tyak-on s. the 
 skull, tyak-on 6p-lun gram to fire and 
 smash skull; tyak on-ron s. the parietal 
 bones; tyak on-sok s. the sutures of skull. 
 a-tyak-bo s. a headman, ruler J. 
 t'yak-ku (fr. tyak the head and T. skud) 
 s. lie, soap-lie, white ash, potash, tyak- 
 ku-nun a-tyak flet vb. to wash the head 
 with white ash, tyak-ku co-ka tap vb. to 
 put white ash or potash into tea, to make 
 it draw. 
 
 ^ak-ko, a-tyak-ko s. a broad ring made 
 of ivory or metal worn on thumb against 
 which bowstring is pressed. See Hooker 
 I, 217. 
 
 t'yan pret. p. tyan vb. to set in, to plant 
 as tree kun tyan\ to set as stones in ring, 
 to set in as post, to sink in as foot into 
 mud; md-ro tyan fat to be dead and 
 buried Tbr.; fd-v6r tyan 1. to get up a 
 crowd, 2. to kick up a row. — a-tyan 
 adj. transplanting, transplanted opp. a-waw; 
 a-tyan tu-tsdt the season for transplanting, 
 a-tyan tu-tsdt ndn the s. of t. has arrived. 
 ^am vb. t. 1. to arrange, to make ready, 
 
 tyi— ^uk 
 
 163 
 
 to place things in preparation, to put in 
 preparation, in order, tdm-bu-sd tam gun- 
 nd tyam. get every thing ready for the 
 feast; 2. vb. n. to clump, to be clustered 
 see po tyam; vi tyam (clotted blood). 
 See also tyom. — 3. to be decisive, con- 
 clusive, absolute, tyam-lun li to speak 
 decisively, tyam-lun ayok zuk to work in 
 a decided, forcible manner. 
 
 a-tyam s. a clump, of plants or trees. 
 — pd-tyam or pd-tyam pd-lyii, s. good 
 order, neatness, pd-tyam pd-lyii, mat vb. 
 to arrange, to adjust, to dispose, to re- 
 gulate, 
 t'yi see fi. 
 
 ^ik-ka fyik-ka or tHk-tyih-kd see tek-kd 
 tek-kd s. V. tek. 
 ^ft see tit. 
 t'yfn see tin. 
 tyim see tim. 
 fyfl see til. 
 
 t'yu, tyii-m vb. t. to put together, to 
 place or pour together, to mix, to mingle ; 
 vb. n. to be assembled together, to be 
 united, to be comprised in, to be con- 
 centrated, ka-ro un-ka tyii, vb. to mix 
 sugar with water; cet tyu-lun tan vb. to 
 display united or concentrated strength; 
 a-sut md-ro-ka tyii-non the news is pro- 
 pagated among the people; kryom-ld fyii 
 to comprise, to muster, to concentrate. — 
 fyiim md-Kiin-ne cannot mingle. — • tyv/m- 
 bo s. one who mingles, a compounder. 
 
 tyii-ldt s. a mixture, a compound, com- 
 position, an amalgamation. 
 
 a-tyii s. an assembly, a meeting, a-tyii 
 lyan a place of meeting, a-tyii, rin li to 
 speak in an assembly. 
 
 Deriv. tyiim vb. t. 1. to place together 
 as embers of fire, to concentrate, to 
 assemble together, muk tyum to gather 
 together the rubbish; 2. to crush, to 
 oppress, to overwhelm. 
 
 a-tyiim s. gathering together; mi a-tyiim. 
 
 t'yuk 1. vb. to stretch up, to reach up, 
 
 to extend (as to obtain anything almost 
 
 beyond reach). — tyiik-ldt s. stretch, 
 
 tension. 
 
164 
 
 fyuk— tyu, pa-fyu 
 
 fyup, a-fyup— fyep 
 
 tyfik 2. incorr. f. tydh. 
 
 tyun vb. to be elastic as Indian rubber, 
 to return to shape, form or plan, to re- 
 turn to hand as thing lent; — fyiin sum- 
 bo 1. anything elastic, 2. anything that 
 will give a return (as good speculation 
 etc.)- — fyun fyiin vibrating, shaking. — 
 a-tyun adj. elastic, springy; s. the re- 
 turning of anything borrowed zo a-tyun, 
 kdm a-tyun. 
 
 t'yup vb. t. to follow or proceed in great 
 numbers, ayok fyiip vb. to work without 
 ceasing, rin fyup vb. to jabber, to speak 
 incessantly, fyup-lun tok-non to come in 
 such numbers as to obstruct. — tyup-pd 
 fyup-pd adv. successively; fyiip-pd fyup- 
 pd lat vb. to come successively in 
 numbers. 
 
 ^um see fyu. 
 
 ^Utn, a-t'yum s. induration M. 
 
 tyur vb. n. 1. to be advanced in age, 
 (not arrived at old age), the past life is 
 longer than the remaining, to be full 
 ripe (as fruit), a-nyo fywr-non the lady 
 has reached a certain age. — a-fyur s. 
 man, when arrived at full maturity and 
 approaching to old age, advanced in life, 
 2. to have one side longer than another 
 diim fyur-bo cloth with one side woven 
 longer than the other. — a-fyur s. cloth 
 when not woven even, one side being 
 longer than the other. 
 
 t'yul vb. 1. to sprout out, to shoot out 
 as young shoots of trees; — a-tyiil s. 
 fresh sprouts from the root of yam after 
 the accidental distraction of the first, 
 buk a-fyiil fresh sprouts from yam-roots. 
 2. to express discontent, to grumble, to 
 complain; — a-fyul s. displeasure, dis- 
 content, a-fyiil tin li vb. to express dis- 
 content, to grumble. 
 
 t'yu, pa-fyu s. a horsefly, Haematopota 
 pluvialis, see Ivtm dan pd-fyu; pd-fyu mik 
 s. the eye of the cleg, applied to the 
 head of maize, when the grain has be- 
 come a tolerable seize (about as large 
 as the eye of cleg) larger than sd-Ayat 
 td-ji mik tap q. v. 
 
 tyup, a-fyup s. a cold, catarrh, a-tyup 
 ddk pld being ill of a cold. 
 
 t'yul vb. t. 1. to heap up, to pile up, 
 to add to, to accumulate, to amass, a-pim- 
 ka fyul ka vb. to pile up the heap; Adm 
 fyul-lUn fo vb. to amass riches; 2. femi- 
 nam subigere Tbr. 
 
 a-fyul s. a heaped load; a-fyul bO, vb. 
 to carry a heaped load, a-fyul mat vb. 
 feminam subigere. 
 
 fye see te etc. 
 
 t'ye-tsu see fe-tsii etc. 
 
 tyek see fek. 
 
 fyen 1. vb. to pull out, to pull away 
 tyen zon vb. to pull against another. 
 
 fyen 2., a-fyen adj. close (relationship); 
 niim-nu fyen a close relation, nikn-fyen 
 i. q. a-fyen. 
 
 fyen 3. for fin the chief or most pre- 
 cious part, sd-biJur tyen the musk bag or 
 gland of the musk-deer; td-lam fyen 
 testicles of man or male animals; a-mik 
 a-fyen tHk-nom a-ram a proverb signify- 
 ing: the eye is very precious. 
 
 (fyen 4. see fyen 2.) kill- fyen kUl-fyen 
 16m vb. to halt, . . . sd-tsHk lat Hn hH 
 pdk-ldm kai-tyen kUl-tyen Um-bam the 
 sun rose upon him, and he halted upon 
 his thigh G. 
 
 fyet see fet and tat. 
 
 fyen 1., a-fyen s. degree, grade, rang, 
 order; a story of house, steps, stairs; — 
 succession, order, series, rotation; rank, 
 degree, fyen^nd tyen-nd successively, in 
 rotation, in order, t.-nd t.-nd di vb. to 
 come in order. 
 
 fyen 2. reduplic. fan-nd tyen-nd un- 
 equal in length, irregular, uneven, sd- 
 gdr t.-nd t.-nd din ravines of irregular 
 depths; mak-mi-sdn t.-nd t.-nd 16m soldiers 
 to march in irregular lines. 
 
 fyep vb. n. to be regular; to be con- 
 stant, uncessing, tyep-ld adv. incessantly, 
 regularly, tyep-liin li vb. to speak in- 
 cessantly, fyep-ld fi vb. to come regularly. 
 — reduplic. fap-pd fyep-pd adv. dis- 
 tributively, separately, fap-pd fyep-pd 
 buk vb. to beat right and left; fap-pd 
 
fyep— tyok 
 
 tyoii— tydrt 
 
 165 
 
 tyep-pd di vb. to come one after another; 
 fap-pd fyep-pd byi vb. to distribute to each. 
 a-tyep advly. successively, in succession; 
 a-fyep-bo one in succession or next in 
 rank, ma-ro a-tyep a-fyep Hon vb. to 
 send off men in succession, sd-dydr mi 
 a-tyep a-fyep op vb. to fire in succession. 
 tyep 2., a-tyep s. (fr. 1.?) a clear pro- 
 nunciation, a distinct accent, a-fyep rin 
 U vb. to speak distinctly. 
 fyer see fydr. 
 
 fyer vb. to spring upon, pounce upon 
 as cat, tiger, sd-fdn-nun sd-vin-ka fyer 
 the tiger pounces on the deer; to dart, to 
 throw (as dart, javelin etc.), to cast, to 
 pitch; sun-U fyer vb. to cast net; sd-lyon- 
 Id fyer-non to die suddenly Tbr.; sd-hron 
 fyer-sd lyan mat to flee, to haste or run 
 away Tbr. fyer-rd fyer-rd (see so') dart- 
 ing, so f.-rd f.-rd clear weather, litly. 
 "rays darting around". 
 
 a-fyer adj. pouncing upon (as tiger 
 upon prey), darting upon (as eagle on 
 prey), a-fyer a-nan-sd n6n to go pre- 
 pared to use violence a-fyer a-nan-sd 
 ayok mat vb. to oppress, a-fyer a-nan-sd 
 rin U vb. to bully, to browbeat. 
 fyel see fel. 
 
 ^0, fyo-m T. tos, vb. t. 1. to hear, to 
 listen, to hearken, cfr. nydn, fyo tet 
 within hearing; fyo-wun-sd rin s. a report, 
 a-sut fyo-wUn-d have (you) heard the 
 news? a-sut tsUk-lat tsiik-kydr tet fyo 
 was proclaimed from east to west P. 
 go Id go-nun a-do kdn-nicn ho mon dyer 
 diin yd ydn li-wUn-re fyo and I have 
 heard say of thee that thou canst under- 
 stand a dream to interpret it. Ex. 2. to 
 understand, to comprehend, to know. — 
 fyo-ld mat 1. to hearken to, 2. to cause 
 to understand. — fyom s. hearing; under- 
 standing fyom md-myon-ne never heard 
 of such a thing. — fyom kon vb. to cause 
 to hear; lyan-sd md-r6-pdn fyom-ka in 
 the audience of the people of the land 
 Gr. — tyom-ho s. a hearer, fyom-ho-sdn 
 1. hearers, 2. audience. 
 tyok, tuk-fyok, tun-fyok s. the inner 
 
 fleshy part of thigh, tuk-fyok or tiin-fyok 
 pot s. 1. id., 2. large posteriors Tbr. 
 
 t'yon: kwh fyon s. buttresses of tree. 
 
 tyot vb. n. to be of proper consistency 
 as dough etc., to be thick as milk, to be 
 ripe as pus of sore. — a-fyot s. a proper 
 consistency M. 
 
 fyon vb. to be indurated as swelling. 
 
 t'yop, fyop-pd fyop-pd onom. sound of 
 water as when simmering, fyop-pd fyop- 
 pd tsu vb. to simmer. 
 
 t'yor, see tyor vb. n. to be fat, flabby; 
 fyor fyor adj. flabby; — a-fyor adj. fat, 
 flabby, md-ro a-fyor a. a flabby man with 
 flesh lax and flaccid. 
 
 t'yol vb. to swell out in lumps; to rise 
 in wens, to be protuberant; fyol-ddk s. 
 a sore, excrescence as of corn etc. fyak- 
 fyol, fyol a-fyak-ka a wen on head; fyol- 
 bo having excrescences. 
 
 fyol, fyil-ld fyol-ld see under fil. 
 
 (t'yol), fyol - Id mol - Id adv. in great 
 quantities, exceedingly, fyol-ld mol-ld yii 
 vb. to pour in great quantities, fyol-ld 
 mol-ld hrofl vb. to rise in great q.'s; 
 (a-kup) fyol-ld mol-ld ti-ndn vb. (child) 
 to increase in size exceedingly. 
 
 t'ydk vb. 1. to harbour, to screen, to 
 shield, to shelter, to protect; go a-dom 
 fyok-so I will protect you; — 2. to take 
 refuge, zo myup fyok vb. to take in one's 
 store, as in time of want (famine or 
 when work cannot be obtained), pd-no- 
 ka fyok vb. to take refuge under king. 
 
 tyok-bo s. 1. an asylum, 2. a protector, 
 a guardian, a champion. 
 
 fyok-lyan s. a place of refuge, a sanctuary, 
 fyok-lyarl niim-sim-nyo-sd fam-cdn tdn-dok 
 an asylum for man and a place of retreat 
 for beasts. 
 
 a-fyok s. an asylum, a place of refuge, 
 no fyok s. a fish-hole. 
 
 t'ydn 1. vb. to screen as from sight, to 
 stand between so as to hide view, kun- 
 ka fydn to be screened; mik si-sd fydn- 
 ndn to be screened from sight; so om-ka 
 md-tym-nun do not stand iu the light, 
 do not screen the light. — fyon-ldt s. a 
 
166 
 
 (ydfi— iVdl 
 
 da — dak 
 
 screen, a shade, an obstruction, — a-(y6n 
 s. 1. coming between one and the light, 
 2. a basket not full of anything, about 
 half full. 
 
 t'ydn 2. explet. to hon, h6n tydn a dumb 
 person. 
 
 t'y6t-ta tydt-ta i. q. tyot-td fyot-td. 
 
 t'ydt, a-tydt 1. s. the act of empting 
 chi from vessel on mats to cool. 
 
 t'ydt, a-t'ydt 2. s. a spec, of grass from 
 which they extract an adhesive juice called 
 dyok, used as bird-lime dydk a-fyot dot. 
 
 fydp see fop. 
 
 t'ydm see^ fydm. 
 
 f^6m, fydm fydm bushing, thick, as 
 branches of tree of thick foliage kun 
 fydm fydm. 
 
 fydr vb. I. cans, of for q.v., 2. to plaster 
 (as house), lit. to let fly upon it fr. for 
 q.v.: U fydr; U ^oV-6o a plasterer; dam- 
 sdk fydr vb. to plaster with mud. — a-fydr 
 a. the plastering of a wall with mud. 
 
 t'ydl see fdl. 
 
 t'ydl spec, of miin-dyep q. v. 
 
 da the eleventh letter of the L. alphabet, 
 T. S, English d. 
 
 da 1. s. a pond, lake, stagnant water; 
 un da; da din deep water; da zdn like 
 a lake, a great quantity applied to water, 
 a vast expanse or concourse of (as of 
 liquid, people) da Id hrdn to rise gradually 
 (as water after rain or when course is 
 stopped up); da dyum the beauty of a 
 lake. — dd-mit s. a nymph, dd-mit tun- 
 kun la mit nymphs and syrens; dd-mit 
 ddk s. intermittent fever, vb. to have 
 intermittent f. — da muk s. waterplant; 
 
 — dd yiim s. scum on stagnant water; 
 dd yiim muk s. vegetation and weeds in 
 stagnant water. 
 
 *da 2., ddt T. 'dod s. desire, ardour 
 ga-ddt T. dgd-dod 1. id., 2. a desirable 
 thing, dd ca, dd cd, ddt ca T. 'dod cogs 
 s. desire, lust, concupiscence; — dd-bo, dd- 
 po T. 'dod-pa s. wish, desire, inclination, 
 lust, concupiscence, td-dyu pldn-ka dd-po 
 mat vb. to be very lustful after women; 
 dd-po md-sHn-ne to have no inclination; 
 
 — ddt forms a precative as kdt ddt-ld 
 mat-td-o may you have abundance. M. 
 
 *da 3. perhaps fr. the same source as 
 T. Idog a turning back, a reversion of M.: 
 mik dd s. a reverie, trance, vision, 
 
 dd-ka luk vb. to fall into trance; 
 dd-niin luk ddn vb. to start up or forth 
 from a reverie. 
 
 da 4. 1. to repeat a charm M.; 2. T. 
 mdos a spec, of offering made of rolls of 
 coloured cotton, to propitiate certain evil 
 spirits ; diit sd lUn-ji mun dd zuk-liin kUn 
 to expel the evil spirits d. and I. by pro- 
 pitiation of the dd offering. M. [See 
 Jaschke s. v.] 
 
 'da 5. T. mdo (a confluence) vb. to 
 proceed, to reach any particular place; 
 to succeed, to thrive (said of crops); to 
 spring at (applied especially to any par- 
 ticular part) e. c. sd-fdn tiik-tok-ka dd 
 tsuk the tiger springs at the throat; — 
 to increase in quantity (especially liquid) 
 to be in vast quantity to form a large 
 mass or concourse (as of people), to form 
 a luxuriant expanse (crops); — to resort 
 to dd ndn, pd-no-sd kum-dUn cd-ka dd- 
 ndn to resort to the kings presence. 
 
 dak V. 1. t. to hurt ydn-ydn ddk id., 
 tdl-ld ddk vb. to h. severily; 2. intr. to 
 be hurt, to be sick, to be ill, to be in 
 pain, ydn-ydn ddk to be slightly ill; tdl- 
 ld ddk vb. to be very ill; tsap-^i ddk 
 vb. to be dangerously ill. — ddk-bo a. a 
 sick person. — ddk-mii adv. sickly. M. 106. 
 
dSk— dSn 
 
 *daiii— dSn 
 
 167 
 
 — ddk-ld adv. painfully, severely e. c. ddk- 
 Id buk vb. to beat severely; d.-ld tsuk 
 vb. to bite painfully; ddk-tsdk-ld or ddk- 
 ld tsdk-ld by force; ddk tsdk-ld U vb. to 
 speak sharply so as to give pain; ddk-ld 
 tsdk-ld lyo vb. to take by force. — ddk 
 a-ddk s. pain, disease, sickness J. 
 a-ddk-ka yon the sickness is somewhat 
 relieved; a-ddk mlem bu bam sickly look- 
 ing; a-ddk-nun (or vb. to recover from 
 sickness; a-ddk pd-hu s. an epidemic 
 disease; a-ddk suk the symptoms of dis- 
 ease; a-ddk ydn hrydn the disease is of 
 long standing. — ddk (e-non pain or sick- 
 ness to be passed away; ddk-nun sd-non 
 to be cured, to become well; ddk nyim- 
 bo adj. sick, unhealthy, insalubrious; ddk 
 ydm-bo adj. 1. sickly (as person or country), 
 unhealthy, 2. one knowing pain, com- 
 passionate; ddk md-yd-num-bo 1. healthy, 
 2. one not knowing pain, merciless. — 
 ddk-not i. q. ddk-ldt s. sickness, illness, 
 pain; ddk-not md-nyin-nd mat-td preserve 
 us from illness; ddk-ndt nyi-ld mat-td-a 
 may you be ill or in pain (an impre- 
 cation). 
 
 (am-ddk s. sickness, disease; — see 
 krit-ddk, du-ddk, sak-ddk. 
 
 dydk (caus. of ddk) to cause pain, to 
 cause to hurt; — Comp. kiil dydk (sub- 
 ject to pain?) adj. unfledged (bird); — 
 kyon dydk s. compassion. 
 
 ddk vb. to cherish, to nourish, to foster, 
 to protect, ddk nyit s. cherishing, nurture, 
 fostering, maintenance; a patron; ddk- 
 nyit-bo s. a fosterer, a nourisher; a pro- 
 tector. — a-ddk s. cherishing, cherishment. 
 
 *dan see don s. face. 
 
 dan, tun-ddn see don. 
 
 din vb. pf. dan inf. dan imp. ddn-nd 
 ddn-nd-o p. pres. dan-nun caus. dydn; see 
 also luk; 1. to run dan M-bo able to run, 
 swift as a horse, dan md-Jcu-ne to be un- 
 able to run; 2. to issue explet. to I6m: 
 Urn dan a road, a way lit. the way that 
 issues; to be shed, vi dan blood to be 
 shed; brii. dan the creeper whence the 
 poison issues; to fly forth as splinters 
 
 when wood is forcibly cut; met. to die, 
 a-pil dan the spirit to fly forth, to die; 
 — pf. dan gone, ro gon dan (or dydn) 
 dead and buried; ci dan see under ci III, 
 dan Tbr. i. q. nun. 
 
 Der. ddn-bo s. a runner; — dan, a-ddn 
 s. running, a-ddn hdm-ka lat came run- 
 ning the whole way; (a-) dan lyan s. a 
 place for or means of running. 
 
 dydn caus. to throw, to cast, to throw 
 away, lun dydn to pour away; to put 
 away as evil from the heart; a-liit sak- 
 cin a-jen dydn to put away evil thoughts 
 from heart; to abandon a-kiip dydn to a. 
 a child; dydn nyon vb. throw away, to 
 cast away, to cast off, to abandon, gydm 
 dydn vb. to subvert, to overthrow J. 
 
 *dan T. Man^ha a rising, a course) in 
 L. "increase", td-ayot ddn-nd ddn-nd ti 
 to increase (said of goitre); — dan met 
 T. Man met without increase, rin ddn 
 met md-li-nun do not speak more; ddn 
 met md-zuk-niin do not work more; d.m. 
 md-bo-nd-so you shall not give more. See 
 also dan 4. 
 
 dan s. a coat, explet. to diim q.v. M. 137, 
 ddn suk vb. to put on cloth, ddn ot vb. 
 to take off cloth. 
 
 dan-t'dk s. a long train of people bn 
 ddn-fok a marriage-procession, pd-no-sd 
 ddn-fok a kings retinue. 
 
 ddt 1. choking, ddt-ld or ddt-td ddt-tu 
 or ddt-td ddt nyon or yak vb. to choke, 
 un ddt-td ddt-td yak to choke while 
 drinking water; a-sdm ddt-ld li to feel 
 almost smothered. — td-ddt i. q. ddt; td- 
 ddt-ld i. q. ddt-ld. 
 
 ddt 2. vb. to break off head of grain 
 or vegetable, dyek-lun ddt to break off 
 ear of corn. 
 
 *d4t 3. see under dd 2. 
 
 *dan 1. T. Man see den. 
 
 *dan 2. T. gdan pronounced by L.'s den. 
 
 dan vb. to be rent, to be burst, to be 
 cracked, diim hrit ddn-ndn the cloth is 
 rent; fdt ddn-ndn the earth is cracked. 
 
 ddn used with mlem (prefixed) as mlem- 
 ddn a memento, a souvenir, (prob. "a 
 
168 
 
 Ain—ii.\ 
 
 dal— da 
 
 thing to recall to memory the face that 
 is gone". See under dan.) 
 
 dan, ddn-bo see under dan. 
 
 A&n, dan dan i. q. don-nd don-nd, d. d. 
 fyot vb. to sprinkle uniformly. 
 
 dap, ddp vb. 1. to stop up (hole), to 
 plug, un dap to stop up hole; ddp-bo a 
 stopper, a plug. — 2. to take into mouth, 
 see also dap, zo bon-ka dap. — a-ddp s. 
 the stopper, stopple-plug. 
 
 dap vb. to fall in torrents (rain), so 
 ddp-pd ddp-pd yil rain to fall in torrents. 
 
 dam or ddm, redupl. (ow) ddm-ddm-bo 
 adj. said of children when sufficiently 
 large to begin to do a little work, ddm- 
 md adv. gently (said of speach), ddm-md 
 ddm-md U vb. to speak gently. — tum- 
 ddm-bo or t.-d.-ld or t.-dvm t.-ddm-ld adj. 
 heavy as mind or body, sak tum-ddm-ld 
 U vb. to feel low-spirited, md-zu tum- 
 ddm-ld It vb. to feel heavy in body; md- 
 zu tum-dum tum-ddm-ld "heavy in body", 
 applied to child when just able to run 
 a little. 
 
 dar 1. vb. n. to increase as water after 
 rain: ufl ddr-non; to multiply, as weeds: 
 muk ddr-non; to generate, to procreate 
 num-lyen fd-lyen ddr-non the race to 
 multiply by procreation; — to sprout up; 
 2. adj. fit to eat, as vegetables bi ddr 
 t'am ddr all vegetables fit to eat; edible; 
 
 — ddr-rd ddr-rd sprouting up, increasing. 
 
 — a-ddr s. a good deal grown (as a boy); 
 
 — t'am-ddr expletive to bi ddr. — td-ddr 
 sprouting up (as plant or child), increas- 
 ing (in size as river), t.-d.-ld nun to have 
 increased in size. 
 
 dar vb. n. to be flexible, plilable, to be 
 thin and weak (as a tree). 
 
 dar s. the sixth final letter, ' (r). 
 
 dal vb. T. rdol(-ba) to germinate, to 
 spring up dal hron id.; ddl dal or ddl-ld 
 s. a fresh green smell e. c. a-fon ddl-ld 
 ddl-ld lik or a-ri ddl-ld n6m s. a fresh 
 pleasant smell (as early in morning); 
 nn ddl-luii U to speak hyperbolically 
 Tbr.; also: gentle (breeze), sun-mut ddl 
 ddl a g. b., s.-m. d. d. di a g. b. to blow; 
 
 zo nyom d.-ld d.-ld iyu corn to wave with 
 the breeze. 
 
 dal pendulous, ddl-ld ddl-ld e. c. a-nyor 
 ddl-ld ddl-ld the ears hanging down. 
 
 dal-ia see dal-ld under da 1. 
 
 da 1. vb. n. to recline, to rest, to lie 
 down, da-nyi id.; (kun) a-glyot da nyi 
 (a tree) to lie at full length, kd-ta-ka da 
 (nyi) to lie together, implies sexual inter- 
 course, ha so-nap o-re-ka hu kd-ta-ka da 
 he lay with her that night G.; da luk 
 go-run lying or rising; s. a lair W. 71, 
 da tu-tsdt s. bed-time; da-tdn, da-fon s. 
 place of repose; da U a. a sleeping-room, 
 a lodging; da lyan the place where any- 
 thing lies; also a place of rest i.q. da bi. 
 — 2. vb. aux. in continuative s. (cfr. bam) 
 tyap-lun da to touch; un yii da (water) 
 to flow; — 3. to be I6m-ka sd-dyak id- 
 tet da-niin-go or da sd-tet ndn-sdn lorn or 
 lyan nyi-wun-a how many days journey 
 is it? — 4. to be certain a-lo da it is 
 certainly so; adv. certainly, verily, even 
 so, a-lom da li they verily (even) say so; 
 da ho mat-la re jdn gikn verily your way 
 of doing is bad; da yd bam, yan md-yd- 
 ne li even tho' he knows, he says he 
 does not know; da si yan md-si-nd ydn 
 li even tho' he saw it, he said he did 
 not see it; tyo yan ik da vydt though he 
 heard, he even asked again; hH gun da 
 noii-so he also will even go; a-zom a-gyap 
 zo yan ik da zo-so li tho' he had eaten 
 much; he said I will even eat more. 
 
 dal-ld (fr. da-Id) emphatic particle, 
 verily, sd-ron-ren ho dal-ld pd-no giim 
 from to-day thou art verily a king; sdn- 
 gye-sd ddk-kd do dal-ld giim I am the 
 very lord of the Sangs-rgyas (Buddhas) P. 
 
 a-da adj. lying, a-da lyan s. place of 
 lying. 
 
 dya, dya-m the causal of da, to lay 
 down (as bricks etc.), to cause to lie 
 down (as child etc.), to leave or cause 
 to lie down for another opportunity, sd- 
 rdn dya-fo a-lon zuk-so let it rest for the 
 present, I will do it afterwards. 
 
 a-dyam s. : a-dyam lyan s. the place. 
 
*da— da-bru 
 
 da-m6 — *dah 
 
 169 
 
 where a thing is placed, dyam applied 
 to ci etc.: dyam d a drink of rest. 
 
 td-da, td-dal-ld (emphatic particles) 
 even thus, i. q. dal-ld. 
 
 *da 2. T. mdd s. an arrow, L. tson, 
 da Kun s. a loophole; — da gyon T. mdd 
 rgyan s. a bow-shot or in L. also: gun- 
 shot-distance; — da huk an s. hole in 
 stockade or battlement for firing thro', 
 a loophole ; — da-bry6 pot s. an earthen 
 pellet for pellet-bow, d.-b. p. gon to mould 
 do.; da-bryo-pydn sin s. the handle for 
 grasping the bow; da-bryd bu s. from 
 being like to a pellet-ball: specc. of 
 Myriapodae-family : Julidae, Glomeridae, 
 see brul; da-bryo muk s. n. ofabush; da- 
 bryo zdn rydl-ld rydl-ld-bo adj. round as 
 a pellet; da-bryo sd-li s. a pellet-bow; 
 da-bryo (sd-W) grim s. the string of a 
 pellet-bow; da-bryo (sd-li) td-ryon s. the 
 net attached to string for placing pellet; 
 da-bryo dyot Tb. to draw pellet-bow; d.-b. 
 dp Tb. to fire with do. — da ts'6 a correct 
 aim, a good shot with arrow or (in L.) 
 with gun. 
 
 *da 3. s. T. zla in comp. i. q. da-wa; 
 da-fo T. zla-fo an almanac; da-nok dark 
 night, where there is no moon opposed 
 to Id-vo Un q. cfr., da-nok-ka in dark 
 nights; da-so T. zla-bsol s. intercalary 
 month; da-ts'd T. zla-tses s. ("a day of 
 the month") a proper name; da-wa s. 
 the planet luna, monday: za da-wa. 
 
 nim-da days, periods, nun-da Id-vo dyit 
 to create do. nun-da Id-vo mit i. q. jen 
 niir'i-da Id-vo mit s. the goddess of seasons, 
 of eternity. 
 
 da 4. (Chinese) i. q. L. ban q. t. da 
 byd s. a Gorkha or Yakthumba (Mur-mi) 
 ban: a curved knife. 
 
 *da-kyem T. bdag-rkym s. a reward for 
 services, given by a king. 
 
 da-du s. scurfiness of body (as after itch). 
 
 da-bru s. a spec, of hooting-owl; ace. 
 W. K. 205 '"mik-dab-brH" or the short- 
 eyed "Srw-caller" Syrnium newarense; 
 da-brii mun s. an evil spirit that screames 
 at night. 
 
 da-md (see tun-dar) s. rolling sound of 
 drum. 
 
 *da yuk T. dag yig s. correct spelling, 
 orthography. 
 
 da-rf s. a spec, of very small frog 
 (edible). 
 
 dak, pum pd-li dak vb. to turn head 
 over heels. — kiil-dak 1. upside down, 
 topsy-turvy, 2. steep downward (hill), 
 kai-dak-ld tyuk to stand on head or to 
 place anything upside down, k.-d.-ld din 
 to stand on head, k.-d.-ld mat vb. to re- 
 verse; kai-dak kon s. the reverse side. — 
 tuk-dak, drenched, t.-d.-ld sdl vb. to be 
 completely drenched. 
 
 dak see kum-d., nikn-d., siin-d. a spec, 
 grain. 
 
 (dak) hdk dak vb. to hickup. 
 
 dan 1. s. the low ground, the vallies, 
 below sur-no the intermediate land, 
 between the valley and hill-tops; daii- 
 ka zo ryu-ld m/ydn in the v. the rice 
 grows well; dan-sd (gen.: adjly.) in the 
 low ground. 
 
 dan 2., dan vb. t. to stretch out; to pull 
 out; to elongate, kom-bo dan vb. to stretch 
 leather; a-kd a-dyan dan to crucify; da/l 
 sin or dan-kun s. a cross; to open wide, 
 to gape with (as eyes, mouth), a-mik da/l 
 vb. to open eyes wide. — dan, a-mik dan 
 having gaping eyes. — tUn-dan going in 
 numbers, in series, in quantities, sd-sd 
 tUn-dan i. q. sUn-sdn tUn-don q. v. ; tUn- 
 dan-ld 1. by series, numbers, 2. con- 
 stantly; a-bon tUn-dan-ld ok vb. to keep 
 mouth constantly open. 
 
 a-dan s. length, li dan length of house. 
 
 dan 3., dan dan flickering (flame): mi 
 dan dan, sok dan dan mat life to flicker; 
 dun-nd dan-iid flickering, d.-nd d.-nd si 
 to see and lose sight, to appear and dis- 
 appear. 
 
 *dan or ddn 4. T. Man (diffused) 1. in- 
 crease, abundance, much, used by L.'s 
 also for 2. necessity, dan met without 
 increase, not at all; dan met tarn li 1. not 
 to speak at all or to the purpose, 2. to 
 speak a great deal without necessity; 
 
 11* 
 
170 
 
 daii— dap, dap 
 
 dam— dam'bryd 
 
 dan met ma-zuk-ne without necessity he 
 does nothing. Also d&n, don met buk to 
 beat without cause; 3. a series, a range 
 of, He ddn rows of seats, mdt-ld ddn a 
 row of hair-nooses; ddn-fok or dan-fdk 
 T. Idan-fag s. a series of or an unbroken, 
 consecutive line, a procession, md-rd ddn- 
 fok a procession of people; bri ddn-fok 
 families who have been connected by 
 marriage for a long time; mak-pdn re 
 ddn-fdk Idm-ndn the regiment marched 
 in unbroken order; ay en zdn ddn-fdk 
 friendship of long standing; ddn-fen T. 
 Man fens the gamut in music, a prolonged 
 note, d. f.-ld mat vb. to chaunt with pro- 
 longed note, to intone; — ddn ddn pro- 
 longation, extension; ddn ddn U vb. to 
 have to think or search before answering 
 md-ddn-nd mat li to speak promptly with- 
 out thinking. 
 
 daii 5. T. grans s. a number, dan met 
 without or beyond calculation, without end. 
 dan ku bik s. a spec, of beetle. 
 dat, dat-td dat-td 1. impertinent, im- 
 pudent, dat-td dat-td fam to answer im- 
 pertinently, a-kup mo bo rin dat-td dat-td 
 fam the child is saucy. — 2. gasping, 
 spasmodically a-krik dat-td dat-td mat 
 vb. to gasp spasmodically as when dying. 
 dan vb. (opp. to hrilc) to be a little 
 torn; to be tied crossing and twisting 
 round as in making baskets: dan-lion 
 dam; to be' rent or cracked as earth. 
 dum dan-ndn the cloth is slightly rent; 
 dan-Id lira vb. to be slightly torn; dan- 
 Id dam vb. to lie loosely not united to- 
 gether (as in loops). 
 
 a-dan s. a bandage from one thing to 
 another; the stopper, extinguisher. 
 dan see dan. 
 
 dap, ddp vb. 1. to stop, to stop up (as 
 a hole), to cover up, to suffocate (as fire), 
 to extinguish, to ruin, to annihilate, to 
 gnash ; a-bon dap-liin sdt to kill a person 
 by smothering him; fydn-nun mak mi-ka 
 dap the enemy descended on the army 
 and annihilated them; an dap vb. to stop 
 up hole; li-ka dap or gri-ka dap to come 
 
 suddenly down as robbers or an enemy 
 to ruin the houses; num-ddk-kun li dap 
 the creditor seized everything; 2. to ob- 
 tain W. 72. 3. i. q. dop: pun-dap. 
 
 dam 1. in comp. a-fyak dam the crown 
 of head, nan dam 1. the canopy over 
 seat, 2. the height of a person when 
 sitting or a little above the height of 
 a p. when standing or a 1. above, din 
 dam. — tuk-dam above, higher than t.-d.- 
 bo the upper; Idm-sd tuk-dam above the 
 road, Idm-sd tuk-dam-bo the upper road. 
 dam 2., dam-md dam-7nd adv. gently, 
 a-tet d.-md d.-md m,d-li-nun do not speak 
 so low. See also ddm. 
 
 *dam 3. T. sdom(-pa') vb. to bind, to 
 tie, also s. the binding of anything, see 
 ban- dam, hldm-dam; — ban hyam dam 
 the fastening of knife-shelter; — sak-cin 
 dam vb. to have one's ideas bound, to 
 be stupid. See also ddm. 
 
 a-dam s. 1. the fastening, a-dam md- 
 tdm-ne it is not well fastened. 2. the 
 false skin that overgrows finger-nails: 
 pun-ci dam. 
 
 dam 4. T. dam(^pa) adj. noble, holy, 
 dam-tiuk, tam-tiuk T. dam-ts'ig s. a vow, 
 a sacrament M. 
 
 dam 5. T. 'dam s. mud, dam-rbyd s. T. 
 'dam bya "a mire- or swamp-bird" a duck, 
 d. b. zdn sd-kdl sd-kdl. Idm to waddle like 
 a duck. — dam-sdk T. 'damr-sag s. mud, 
 clay, dam-sdk fydr to plaster with mud 
 (as wall). 
 
 dam-iidk T. gdam-nag s. words of counsel, 
 advice, instruction, ddk-ba yuk-mun lyan 
 dam-nd/f tdn-ddk-ka ndn when ill to go 
 for advice to the priest. 
 
 dam-[)yeh sor to be blighted as crops, 
 to be encrusted and spoilt. M. 
 dam-bu-bo s. a witness. 
 ''dam-brd s. T. Idum-ra a garden, rip 
 dam-brd a flower-garden; fam-pdt dani- 
 brd an orchard, a fruit-garden; sd-Um ' 
 d.-b. an orange-orchard; — dam-brd zuk- 
 bo m. a gardener. 
 
 dam-bryd 1. for da-bryd, 2. a spec, of 
 rice (ao). 
 
dam-bru mufi— dal 
 
 dam-bru mun for da-h. m. 
 dam-bru Skt. damaru s. a small sort of 
 hand-drum. 
 
 dam Sin i. q. ndk lum kun q. t. M. 
 dar 1. s. light, splendour; — rum dar 
 s. a god T. Iha, Skt. deva P.; dar-tek s. 
 a god, a good spirit; riim dar-tek, hence 
 a good man md-ro dar-tek; dar-mit s. a 
 good spirit (female), a goddess; T. Iha- 
 mo Skt. devt, devatd, ddkint P.; rum 
 dar-mit id.; dar-tek dar-mit gods and 
 goddesses. 
 
 dar-la the reflected red etc. rays of 
 light before sunrise and after sunset. 
 
 dar sd-fdn s. dar 1. "the tiger that 
 devours the splendour" or fr. T. sgraf 
 an eclipse of sun (or moon): sd-tsiik (Id- 
 vd)dar sd-fdn-nun tsuk. See dar-cen. 
 
 dar 2. T. dar(-ba) vb. to be spread, 
 diffused; see -tar. 
 
 (dar 3.) 1. redupl. td-dar-ld curved, td- 
 dar-ld nun vb. to become curved, bent 
 outwards, td-dar-ld (mat) din to stand 
 with belly stuck out, 2. dar s. the mark" 
 placed over consonants and denoting r, 
 used always as a final. See also dar. 
 
 *dar-ben fr. T. sgra-gcan see dar sd- 
 fdn s. dar 1. in astronomy the ascending 
 node. 
 
 dar-bu s. a worm which feeds on the 
 blades of corn, Calandra granaria; dar- 
 bii, zdk to be wormeaten. 
 
 dar-tScim (fr. dar 3.?) s. an ornamental 
 mark written at beginning of book: T. 
 yig-mgo. 
 
 dal 1., dal-ld see under da. 
 dal 2. vb. 1. to pour in, to pour from one 
 vessel into another; in Comp. "trans" 
 dal tyan vb. to transplant; dal byi vb. 
 to transfer, hum dal byi give or transfer 
 it to him, kd-sum dal bo give or transfer 
 it to me; dal bydt vb. to transmit, dal 
 Idk vb. to transfuse, dal zuk vb. to trans- 
 form, dal so vb. to transport; dal gye Idt 
 s. transmigration ; — 2. cfr. also T. 'grel^-ba) 
 vb. to explain to, to explicate, to trans- 
 late, to interpret, dal(-liin) U to inter- 
 pret, dal lin-bo or dal-bo or dal ydm-bo 
 
 di, df— dik 
 
 171 
 
 s. an interpreter. dal{-lun) pi vb. to 
 translate; dal t'&m-bo p. p. translated; dal- 
 Idt s. explanation, commentary. 
 
 (ad 1.) dal-ld dol-ld adv. pouring back- 
 wards and forwards, dal-ld dol-ld Idk vb. 
 to transfer, to pour backwards and for- 
 wards. 
 
 di, df 1., di-m cans, di-t, dyi-t vb. to 
 come, to proceed di non, di-o imp. come, 
 a-lem di-o come hither, di-t kon let liim 
 come, dit-bo a comer, proceeding navi 
 dit-bo the ensuing year, dit fat p. has 
 come, dit-det, dit-dydt coming, just about 
 to come, also implied to plants etc. as 
 buk a-brup a-fyol di (potatoes) to shoot 
 out into wens and excrescences or (wens 
 and excrescences) to come from potatoes : 
 brup di; di fiit or di sok to be confluent; 
 s-iin-mdt di wind to come to blow; to 
 make impression, also implies pleasurable 
 sensation, a-l&t(-ka) di i. q. a-liit-ka von 
 to be pleased; sak di id.; see kyon dyit. 
 
 dim gerund, from di, sak dim, sak-a- 
 dim pleased, glad, joyful; dim-bo partic.p., 
 rin dim-bo one fluent of speach, jo dim-bo 
 convenient, befitting, applicable. 
 
 Comp. bil di to bring, von di to enter, 
 to come in, dal di to pour out. 
 
 df 2., df-m to be small; di 1. a-di adj. 
 small (children, birds, fruit) fo di small 
 bird, a-kup di little children, fam-pot di 
 small fruit; 2. adv. at times di di at 
 times, sometimes, also di-di-ld, di-di-ld 
 tsal tsdl-ld dak sometimes to suffer sharp 
 pain, dim: a-kiip dim (also incorr. dyilm') 
 a doll. — tak-di very small (said of bird 
 or beast) on tHk-di kiip a small, a poor 
 child; tak-dim-bo and (incorr.) tuk-dyiim- 
 bo adj. small one (kids, infants). 
 
 '"di-po ra-za T. sdig-pa and Hind, rdjd 
 s. "the chief of sinners", a scorpion. 
 
 *di-tsu fr. T. bdud-rtsi s. a little cup 
 made of bell-metal into which ci is put 
 and offered to riim; di-tsO, fat to make 
 offering of ditto: consecrated water or 
 spirit, the drink offered to gods, Amrita. 
 
 dil< 1. s. resolution, determination; vb. 
 to resolve, to determine on a thing to 
 
172 
 
 *dik— dift 
 
 dift— du, a-( 
 
 endeavour, dik-lun dyok zuk having deter- 
 mined on a work to perform it; dik-lun 
 non having determined on going to go; 
 a-Ut-ka dik s. the resolution of heart or 
 a determined mind; dik t'o vh. to resolve, 
 to determine. 
 
 *dik 2. in compos, for dik-po; *dik-ci 
 set-bo T. sdig-ce hyed-po "the committer 
 of great crime" s. a butcher; *dik-pa or 
 dik-po T. sdig-pa s. sin, *lca-im dik-pa 
 the sin of mouth, *lak-gyi dik-pa the sin 
 of hand, *sdm-gyi dik-pa the sin of heart. 
 dik-po s6k vb. to confess one's sins, hence 
 to expiate them; dik Idn-jik "the evil 
 one that has its abode under stones", 
 a scorpion. 
 
 *dik 3. expletive to nor, T. dbyigs; nor 
 dik wealth, goods. 
 
 diii, din cans, din kon vb. n. 1. to be 
 erect, to be high, to be perpendicular, 
 din-nan to be perpendicular or very steep, 
 sd-g&r din-nan. pUn-fydn din-Mn Idm the 
 kite soars. — din dam 1. just above the 
 height of a person when standing, un din 
 dam tet nyiun water to be deep enough 
 just to cover a man's hand; 2. a canopy. 
 — din s. the highest point or degree; 
 the goal, hu-nim hu do sak-cin-sd din fop 
 he has attained the height of his am- 
 bition; — 2. to stand, to remain, to 
 exist, hu-do un-kyon pun-ka din he stood 
 by the river Ex.; td-dyu van din the 
 woman remains single; tun-kun din bam 
 there is a rainbow; rum din bam God 
 exists permanently. — din s. standing, 
 a-din id. din-bi s. standing-place, din- 
 lom-nun t'am li to speak standing, din-sdr 
 tydt du or Mam to dig as deep as one's 
 own height. — din kdn let or cause to 
 stand; hrim din kdn to cause laws to be 
 established; — din-bo s. a stand, one 
 standing. 3. to be at rest; to be in 
 one position as person, large bird etc., 
 to be planted, cultivated, kd-sdk din 
 cultivated yam; — ■ 4. to be headstrong, to 
 continue, to persist. Am dyok mat-Mn 
 dill bam he sticks to his work; he pro- 
 secutes his w. ; din-Id adv. ■ incessantly, 
 
 profoundly, so din-Id yii rain to pour 
 heavily, din-Id dyok mat to work con- 
 stantly; din dan vb. to run without 
 stopping. — 5. to rise as from a sitting 
 or lying position, to come to its height 
 or utmost degree, (^mi-kan) din bam 
 (smoke) to ascend; din-nd-o imp. rise, 
 stand up, in opp. din dirt stop, stand still. 
 — 6. to remove from, to depart from, 
 to leave U-ntin din to depart from one 
 house, to flit; lyart-niin din to leave one's 
 country, to emigrate; 7. vb. t. to erect, 
 to elevate, to raise, to construct, to pre- 
 pare, jd ba din to take aim. 
 
 din 2. (see nyiin, hin) tHr-din very deep, 
 see also (tur-^gon, kd-din, kiU-din and 
 din 1., 1. 
 
 *din 3. T. gden 1. s. malice, 2. vb. to 
 b e malicious, din-Kak T. gden-Kag malicious, 
 din-Jcak-sd s. malice, md-rd a m. man. 
 a-iat-ka din bu-bam vb. to bear malice, 
 a-liit an din vb. to be obstinate. 
 
 *din 4. T. 'brin internal, interior, the 
 middle, the midst, din-ka a-jan-nd-bo the 
 interior is bad, un din-nim nyiin the 
 internal waters are deep; tam-pdt-sd din 
 a-jdn giim the interior of the fruit is bad. 
 
 din-gal tik s. onom. fr. its cry a spec, 
 of frog. 
 
 *din-pdn T. Idin-dpon s. a subaltern 
 officer. 
 
 din-pft s. 1. ace. M. a spec, of drongo, 
 ace. W. Hierococcyx nisicolor and Capri- 
 mulgus albonotatus K. 207. 205. 2. a 
 spec, of earwig. 
 
 dih-su blik s. a spec, of fish different 
 fr. no blik. 
 
 dft see di. 
 
 din see din. 
 
 din-sa hryuk-fo see dun-sd hryiik-fo also 
 dun-sa dydk fo. 
 
 dip see dyiip. 
 
 dfm see di. 
 
 du 1., a-dii (ace. M. cogn. with T. bdud 
 a demon) s. a disease, fever, pain, suffer- 
 ing, da pd-hu s. a prevalent disease; dii 
 ru s. an old complaint; dii rdm s. a chronic 
 complaint; dii lot to be attacked with 
 
du— *du 
 
 "du— dun 
 
 173 
 
 fever; du lot lydt to have intermission of 
 fever; du lot-tun com pa-ka mon zdm gat 
 medicine must be taken in interval of 
 fever; du si s. (from du and si to see?) 
 a wound, dv, si non to be wounded; dii 
 cm to shrink or crouch from fear of pain 
 as when about to receive a blow; to be 
 in pain, agony, illness; du dak to be ill, 
 to have fever; du hu s. to have some 
 disease in constitution; dH fid vb. to tell 
 symptoms of disease as to am-ji; dii 
 tsdt vb. to catch disease, tsdt-tiin-sd dii 
 an infectuous d. du zdk vb. to be affected 
 with any disease; to be influenced by 
 the evil spirit of disease, dii luk to 
 prevail as fever, to be ascendant, to rise. 
 
 du 2., a-dii s. a gland, man-dH, man- 
 sd a-da. 
 
 *du 3. T. sdud[-pa tr. of 'duQ-ba)] vb. t. 
 to collect, to gather, to accumulate, to 
 epitomize, to abridge, to gather together, 
 tok da to gather in the fruits of the 
 season; dii gyom vb. to gather the pro- 
 duce, the fruits of labour or virtue, pd- 
 no giin-rdn mat-lun mi-sd Jce-bo dii gyom 
 fo the king governing well subjects flock 
 to the village; dH-liin to vb. to gather 
 together, to collect, to comprise, to in- 
 clude in. — da tu-ts'dt s. harvest, r.-nun 
 kd-cer da tu-tsdt-ka non-lun R. went in 
 the days of wheat-harvest G. da-lUn pi 
 vb. to write a summary, to compend; 
 to take to one's self, to appropriate, to 
 adopt, rum sak-cin-bo ram-nan du-so mun 
 sak-cin-bo muA-nan da-so the Godly 
 minded God will take unto himself; they 
 who turn unto the devil, the devil will 
 adopt, td-do-ka tson iydn dO-lun mat vb. 
 to monopolize all the trade to one's self. 
 
 dut-mo s. an assembly, a meating for 
 consultation, a council, dut-mo kak vb. to 
 summon a council; da-bo 1. id. da-bo 
 kyop fo 1. to make a collection; 2. to 
 summarize. — 2. gathering, collecting, 
 an pat-bo sd da-bo sd-kryom-ld sak-ryut- 
 Mn-ka da-bo-nan 16 lyo-lUn fok rem tsu 
 m6k-sa md-nyin-nan-ka gyom fo and he 
 that reapeth receiveth wages, andgathereth 
 
 fruit unto life eternal: that both he that 
 soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice 
 together J. — du-yuk s. an abridgment, an 
 abbreviation. 
 
 *du 4. T. 'dus fr. 'du(-bd), sd-re zon bo 
 du non what is the matter with him. 
 
 (dii 5.) sd-du slow, gently, sd-dH-ld 
 slowly, gently, sd-da-ld li vb. to speak 
 slowly or gently, sd-da-ld lom vb. to walk 
 slowly; sd-da mat vb. do or make slow 
 or gently; sd-da mat fo vb. put it down 
 gently. 
 
 duk 1. vb. to be difficult, dak-ian nyok 
 vb. to be delayed by difficulties, sak- 
 cin dak-lun mak to die in distress of mind. 
 
 2. s. a-dak difficulty, distress, trouble, 
 annoyance, affliction, pain, torment, 
 opposite to a-kydt, dak- pan troubles, 
 difficulties, duk-kyop mat sd-n6n-ka or 
 sd-fok-ka in the midst of these difficulties. 
 sak-dum tam-sd fam-cdn-pdn sd duk-kydp- 
 pdn gan-nd go-nan td-gum-ka ba zdn mat- 
 laa ba non-so I have like a burden on 
 my back all the afflictions of the animals 
 of this world P.; duk Ha bam vb. to be 
 able to undergo difficulties and suffering; 
 dak-ka ts'ut to be plunged into difficulty; 
 dUk mi-len hru un-len hydn torment hotter 
 than fire and colder than water. 
 
 duk hydn vb. to undergo suffering, to 
 be in affliction, trouble, sorrow, diik- 
 kydn-bo s. miserable, infortunate, dis- 
 tressed, afflicted; dak-kyon md-fyak-ne 
 not to be deterred by difficulties, (a)- 
 duk ton vb. to plague, to torment, to 
 distress Ex., duk ton-bo s. a tormentor; 
 dak tap vb. to be able to bear suffering; 
 duk fd vb. to make difficulties, to com- 
 plain of difficulties; dak mat 1. vb. to 
 be difficult or trying, to distress; 2. i. q. 
 duk-pdn troubles, duk zdk vb. to be diffi- 
 cult, trying etc. — duk -nan with diffi- 
 culty, laboriously; duk-la id. dak-ld mat 
 vb. to work; — sdm dak vb. to be grieved. 
 Ex. — See kd-tak. 
 
 dun vb. n. to be filled with, to suppress; 
 said of breath, speach, pride, anger, un 
 a-gyap tan gdn td-bdk dan-so if you drink 
 
174 
 
 dun— *dun 
 
 *dun— dum 
 
 much water, your stomach will he puffed 
 out; li-ka mi-kan dun the house is full 
 with smoke; sak-lyak-nun dun to he 
 hursting with anger; a-sdm. dun to sup- 
 press breath, also to be puffed out with 
 air; too much bowed as bow sd-U grim 
 tarn gdn sd-U dun-so when the bowstring is 
 too short the bow will be too much bowed. 
 
 piir-dun or piol-dun said of fire rising 
 up into flames in a funnel mi piil-diin; 
 said of water which runs into sub- 
 terraneous passage un pHl-dun; sak-lyak 
 fii.l-dun suppressed anger. 
 
 dun see don. 
 
 *dut 1. see under dii. 
 
 *dut 2., dixt-mun T. hdud s. an evil 
 spirit, Mara. P. See also du. 
 
 dut 3., diit-ta dut-td flabby and sallow, 
 a-mlem d. d. f. and s. face, a-ruk d. d. 
 a soft insipid young shoot of bamboo. 
 
 dun 1. s. shoots from a tree and its 
 branches, that strike the ground and take 
 root and other shoots that bear clusters 
 of fruit without striking the ground, tiin- 
 ji dun fructifying shoots of the t.-j. tree 
 (Ficus confertiflora). 
 
 *dun 2. T. mdun (the front) s. pre- 
 sence; advly. before, dun-ka in the pre- 
 sence of, before, in front of M. 83, 134. 
 go a-do dun-ka giin-rdn fop gdn if I have 
 found favour in thine eyes G.; diin-ka 
 nyi vb. to be present, riim gun-nd-sa 
 dun-ka nyi God is in the presence of 
 everyone; hrim-sd diin-ka md-ro-san ran- 
 ro in the eyes of the law every one is 
 equal; tam^-cdii a-sum a-ryum sum tu-tsdt 
 rel-ld-ka dy.-nUn pd-tin-pan tam-cdn diin- 
 ka td-fon-pdn-ka pd-tin-pdn diin-ka sum- 
 Mn-ka tsdk to it came to pass, whenso- 
 ever the stronger cattle did conceive, that 
 J. laid the rods before the eyes of the 
 cattle in the gutters, that they might 
 conceive among the rods G.; pyil-ld dun- 
 niin no-o depart from my presence; diin 
 tsdk vb. to resist, to oppose, to withstand; 
 dun v6n vb. to come in the presence of; 
 ditn kon di-o come hither. — kum-dUn 
 see * ku. 
 
 *dun 3. T. bdun num. seven L. kd-kyak, 
 diin^hr6k T. bdun-prag the space of seven 
 days, a week, dun-hrdk nydt two weeks, a 
 fortnight; dUn-hrdk dUn-hrok adv. weekly. 
 
 dun 4. vb. t. 1. to tell, foretell, to re- 
 late, to remind, to confess, to show, to 
 give intelligence, to persuade, diin byi 
 pret. dUn-byir-yam-o, fut. dun-bo-so, dun- 
 bo-sdn id.; diin md-lel-ne indescribable; 
 diin bam they say, the people say; sUn- 
 rem dun-nd(^o') tell me the story; a-zom 
 md-dHn-nd kom kd-kH top besides food 
 ("not to speak of f.") he obtained eight 
 rupee's; diin byi sd-ld when he had re- 
 lated. — glet diin to tell minutely, to 
 specify. — 2. to taunt, to jeer, to re- 
 proach hu-niin tdn-ddt a-tet mat kd-yu 
 hiim diin he affected such airs, so we 
 jeered him; diin (ydn vb. to taunt and 
 laugh at, diin fydn-niin-sd ayok a ludicrous, 
 ridiculous affair; diin tydn fan vb. to jeer, 
 to mock. — dUn-bo s. an informer, a re- 
 porter. 
 
 dun 5. reduplic. diin diin or dUn-nd 
 dUn-nd or tuk-dUn and tUn-dUn drizzling 
 (rain), so d. d. etc. yH to drizzle. 
 
 (dun 6.) with pref. tUn-diin s. a disease 
 chiefly in fowls in which the skin rises 
 in flatulent cysts, tHri-diin sH vb. to have 
 that disease. 
 
 dup s. a thicket, dUp-ka kryom-md 
 kryo7n-md tyU-bam, something moves in 
 the thicket; adj. thick as jungle, nydt 
 dUp-non the field has become thick with 
 weeds, overgrown with jungle. 
 
 dum s. 1. cloth, clothes, explet. dan, 
 q. V. — diim kd-je pd-sdii a kind of thick 
 cloth; — diim ka-den s. cotton-cloth P., 
 diim ka-den kd-ba a thin cotton-cloth of 
 single twist; — diim kin s. the border of 
 cloth i.q. ki-je q.v. — diim kom, s. a shawl; 
 
 — diim kyun s. a cloth-hammock for 
 carrying children or sick people ; — diim, 
 kyor s. swaddling clothes; — diim kyon 
 s. the breadth of cloth i. q. pik; — dum 
 krdn coarse cloth; — dUm klok olA, worn- 
 out cloth, rags; — dum kl6t coarse cloth; 
 
 — dum, klyan close-woven cloth; — dUm 
 
dum 
 
 dum — du 
 
 176 
 
 td-gap s. a spec, of cotton-cloth (flowered, 
 striped); — diim td-klok s. a rag, dum 
 td-kl6k ta-bo a needle Tbr. ; — diim tom 
 s. a loom; — dum fun s. a piece of cloth 
 four ells long sufficient for dress; — 
 diim pd-fiin see pd-fiin; — diim pd-sdn 
 kd-je i. q. kd-je pd-sdn; — dum pd-hok a. 
 a shirt; — diim pik i. q. d.. kyon; — diim 
 pirn s. the loose end of L. dress forming 
 a sort of bag when held out; — diim bi 
 s. the hem of garment or border of 
 female's cloth which is folded up to- 
 wards the waist; dum bi ind-fak-ne the 
 cloth is not wide enough to form a fold 
 for the skirt; — diim bryon s. ragged 
 clothes; — diim myo cloth left unfinished; 
 — diim zdn s. a kind of cloth with single 
 stripes, diim zdw to vb. to stripe do.; — 
 dum yd-l6 s. a curtain; — duTn yiik, s. a 
 full piece of cloth, Hindi than; — dum 
 ral first open stitching when sewing 
 clothes; diim rip striped cloth, flowered 
 cloth; dUvi rip to vb. to make cloth with 
 stripes; diim rol the woof weft of cl. ; 
 diim ryu good cloth; diim ryu gdii sim- 
 nyo ryu prov. the cloth be good, the man 
 is good, the cloth hides the cloven foot; 
 diim sd-mrdn s. thin light cloth as mouslin; 
 dum san plain white, uncoloured cloth; 
 diim se a fringe round cloth; diim sen 
 the warp of cloth. — dUm kap vb. to put 
 clothes over body as cloak or as bed- 
 clothes, to wrap one's self in clothes, 
 diim kap sd-nyi s. a holy day; — diim tH 
 or tUt to wash clothes, diim tH-bo or diim 
 tUt-bo a washerman. — dii.vi fdk vb. to 
 weave, diim fdk-bo a weaver, dum fok-ro 
 s. a loom; — diim dydm vb. to put on 
 clothes; diim dydm-ydm-bo rel rel-ld md- 
 nyin-ne every one does not know how 
 to put on his clothes. — diim dom vb. to 
 fold cloth; — dum pa vb. to wear cloth 
 loosely over body sd-tydt pa t'ak, tydt- 
 bo-re diim pa li; dum-pa s. the dress J., 
 td-se fin-sd kd-jdk-niin mi dyak-lirn pd- 
 no-sd dum-pa gun-nd mi dop-non-ne-yam-o 
 but fire darted from T.'s fingertips and 
 catching the dress of the king set it on 
 
 fire P. — diim pop to hold clothes for- 
 ward so as to form the lap, diim pop 
 tsdk or rdk to catch in lap; — diim plin 
 clothes to be too tight; — dUm-byil vb. 
 to fold clothes dUm-byil li s. the crease 
 in cloth; — diim fot vb. to unfold clothes; 
 
 — dum hrap vb. to sew or make clothes, 
 dum hrap-bo s. a tailor, dum a-ral hrap 
 s. the first or rough stitching of cl.; — 
 diim vydl to darn cloth; — diim 6t or 
 dum ot to vb. to put off clothes; — 2. the 
 body as of net sUn-li dum. 3. is used 
 for the "covering of the earth, bush- 
 wood" hence it is used to express ground 
 that has been allowed "to go fallow" 
 after being exhausted by cultivation nyot 
 diim nun ndn the field has been allowed 
 to go to grass. 
 
 fam-dUm s. a covering of any sort, a 
 cloth, a mat. 
 
 dum 2. i. q. 1.? explet. to vdm and sok: 
 vdm diim s. a song; sok diim a life. 
 
 '^dum-pu or dum-po T. zlum-pa (globular) 
 s. a post of house, a pillar: li dUm-pu; 
 pUn-byon dum-pu hd-yu diin-niin po-lUn 
 hd-yu td-gum kdn din-bam the pillar of 
 the cloud went from before their face 
 and stood behind them Ex. 
 
 dumrbyo s. an early spec, of rice dUm- 
 byo zo. 
 
 diir 1. vb. to collect together, to 
 assemble, lik diir to convocate. 
 
 dur 2. vb. to bend down, to incurvate, 
 to pull down in the required direction 
 as a tree in string, a-fyak-kHn diir lun 
 tsam to lay hold of person by hair; po 
 diir nan bamboo hangs down; sd-li dUr- 
 lUn gri having bent down the bow fix 
 the string. — dUr-rd dUr-rd (sometimes 
 confused with dydr-rd dydr-ra) bent, 
 curved, d.-rd d.-rd Idm to walk with back 
 bent; md-zii, dUr-rd dur-rd Idm ndn to 
 go with back bent. — td-diir drowsy, 
 gloomy, td-diir md-mydt-ld nun or li to 
 feel thoroughly depressed in spirits. 
 
 du 1., du-m vb. to be white, clean, 
 pure, good, dum-bo adj. white, clean etc.; 
 
 — dum-ldt s. whiteness, cleanliness. 
 
176 
 
 du— *clu 
 
 du — dut 
 
 a-dum adj. 1. white, 2. pure, 3. good, 
 a-dum I6m zuk-bo a bencTolent perscfti; 
 a-dum mat ib. to purify (a thing or the 
 mind); a-dum sd 6m fak-la very fair; 
 a-dum dn-nd dn-nd a shining, gleaning 
 white; a-dum puk-bok-ld whitish, whitely 
 brown; a-dum td-ddt-td very white as 
 Europeans; a-dum td-fdt-ld pale from 
 sickness; nor-pu a-6m a-dum the juwel. 
 
 a-dum-bo id., dy.-nun hu-do kor-ka kun 
 dyon sd ba-dam kun sd kd-io kun sd pd- 
 tin lyo-lun o-re-pdn-ka a-dum-bo m-re pd- 
 tin-pdn-ka nyim-bo re si tet a-pi plyok 
 dydn-ban a-kut a-dum-pdn kut fo-lun .... 
 J. took him rods of green poplar, and 
 of the hazel and chesnQt tree; and pilled 
 white strakes in them, and made the 
 white appear which was in the rods G. 
 
 du 2., du-n cfr. T. bru (-ba) \b. t. to 
 dig, to cut into, to engrave, du Mam to 
 dig deep; du-lmi du-lun a-mut pld-so 
 proT. digging and digging deep you will 
 get the roots: means also; persevere and 
 you will succeed; dun md-Kun-ne not 
 able to dig; du ndk vb. to search into; 
 to examine, to interrogate, to investigate, 
 to make particular inquiry, dun-lyan s. 
 a digging place; dun-set s. digging in- 
 strument; dun-bo s. a digger; a carver. 
 
 (du) 3. a-du a-ld adj. different, various, 
 of various kinds, all sorts; a-du a-ld li 
 vb. to talk nonsense, a-du a-ld mlo s. 
 things of various descriptions. 
 
 *du 4. T. gdu:gs s. an umbrella, du tuk 
 vb. to hold up umbrella; du flyot vb. to 
 close umbrella; du ran to open out 
 umbrella. 
 
 *du 5. T. gru border, edge? du zum 
 fr. T. gru and 'dsinQ-pd) in L. only negat. 
 du zum md-nyin-nun-sd rin li vb. to speak 
 without restraint; du zum md-nyin-num- 
 bo s. a person beyond control, du zum 
 md-nyin-ne innumerable, incalculable, 
 without limit; sok du zum md-nyin-num- 
 bo everlasting life; md-rd dum zum md- 
 nyin-nun-ad an incalculable number of 
 men; kom I6k du zum md-nyin-num-bo 
 a squanderer of money, a spendthrift. 
 
 du 6. (infantile 1.) redupl. du-du s. a 
 lullaby, ayen bon-ka da ydn li gdn du du 
 mat ydn li if you tell a child to go to 
 sleep, then say du du. 
 
 *du-|iut T. 'du-byed see do-ptit. 
 
 *du-Sf or *du-Se T. 'du-ses s. sense, 
 knowledge, notion, idea, thought du-u 
 nyim-bo s. a sensible person; du-U mvn- 
 I6m reverent thoughts or impressions. 
 
 duk adj. young, unripe, applied to Indian 
 corn, bird etc.: kun-tson duk young un- 
 ripe maize; fo duk young bird. — a-duk 
 s. a young head of maize not quite 
 arrived at maturity. 
 
 "dun 1. T. gdun (a bone) hon. s. child, 
 son; heir, heir to king or to lama; dun 
 z6n-bo a representative of do.; dun plyd 
 hon. a child is born, an heir is born; 
 dun gyit hon. s. race, progeny, offspring, 
 d. g. ton-non-ne hon. the race has become 
 extinct. — d. mat vb. hon. to inherit. 
 
 dun mat-so the heir of king will in- 
 herit; — dun gyit ton gdn pdt-ka lyo-so 
 if the race of the king become extinct, 
 they will take one from Tibet. — dun 
 tok a long connection, ancestry, num-nu 
 dun fdk long line of relationship ; bri dun 
 fok long related by marriage. See dan 4. 
 
 *dun 2. T. rdun(-ba') vb. to beat, to 
 pound, in L. : to beat after *co ts'dt dun 
 T. cos rtsod brdun litly. to beat a literary 
 dispute: to argue, to contest an argu- 
 mentation, to debate; co ts'dt dun-ldt s. 
 an argumentation, a disputation; co ts'dt 
 dun-bo s. a controversialist, a polemic. 
 
 *dun 3. T. gdun (-ba) s. love, desire, 
 affection; dun tu-ts'dt s. the breading- 
 season. 
 
 "dun-ddr T. gdun-ma and dar (see tor) 
 s. colours, standard, flag, dun-dor kun s. 
 a flag-staff, dun-d6r dum-pu s. interval- 
 post of house often carved or gilded, 
 dun- dor so -bo a standard-bearer, also 
 dun-do. 
 
 *dun-Sin i. q. tun-sin T. gdun-sin s. a 
 pine-tree, Abies webbiana: ace. Hooker 
 I, 256 ''saar". 
 
 dut vb. to become putrid or bad, in 
 
dun— dul 
 
 de— de 
 
 177 
 
 or from the effects of water, as fish or 
 animal drowned or as fruit, rice etc. 
 when wet. - 
 
 dun 1. see du to dig. 
 
 dun 2. redupl. tun-dun; dun-nd dun-na 
 or tun- dun-Id 1. saturated with water, 
 2. muddy, impure, contaminated, boggy, 
 marshy, un dun-nd dun-nd impure water, 
 fat d.-nd d.-nd marshy land, nyen d.-nd 
 d.-nd adulterated milk. 
 
 dun-sa hryuk fo s. n. of bird, the spider- 
 eater Arachnothera: d.-sd hryuk-fo tim-ho 
 A. magna; d.-sd h.-fo cum-bo A. pusilla; 
 ace. W. daii si-ri-ok R. 220; ace. Je. 360 
 dom sirioh-pJio A. magna. 
 
 dup 1. see dop. 
 
 dup 2. close, as weather, articles etc., 
 compact, dup-pd dup-pd, dup-pd sip-pd 
 id., a-fyan dup- Id dap to put on the 
 cover closely; so dup-pd dup-pd li the 
 weather to become very close; zo dup-ld 
 sup vb. to shut rice in closely so as to 
 be well cooked; a-som dup breath to be 
 suppressed; un-ka dup-ld non to be 
 suffocated in water; tuk-dup close as air, 
 room with many people etc., tuk-dup sup-sip 
 close, hot as weather, room, tuk-dup sup- 
 sip li vb. to feel close, to feel suffocated. 
 
 dum 1. see under du. 
 
 dum 2. vb. to grudge, ydn U-ren ayo- 
 di-sdn-niin dum-lun li the Jews then 
 murmured at him because he said J.; 
 dum (-bam) or dum yur vb. to mutter, 
 to complain, to grumble, dum -bam or 
 dum yur yd to be a grumbler; dum- or 
 d. yur-ydm-bo s. a grumbler. 
 
 dur vb. n. to be blighted as corn, zo 
 nyot dur-ndn-ne the field has become 
 blighted. 
 
 dur, dur-rd dur-rd flowing as robes. 
 
 dur kun s. n. of tree, Duabanga son- 
 neratioides M. Wtt. D. 842. 
 
 dul, a-dul s. the lips, f.-niin a-dul mu- 
 ten-num-bo kd-si/m sd-lom mat nydn-san 
 go how shall Ph. hear me, who am of 
 uncircumcised lips Ex. — the rim of a 
 bason; a-dul hlyd pendulous lips, a-dul 
 td-dyol large lips, a-dul rifi lip-language. 
 
 de 1. cfr. T. de (demonstr. pron.) in L. 
 emphatic, particle (interrog.) is it? a-re 
 re de is it this? num de sd-ba non-nim-d 
 where are you going, brother? 
 
 de neg. -den- 2. vb. t. to create, {&y)it 
 de to make, to create, dydn-nd-ba lyan url 
 md-it md-den-nd-ba in old time when land 
 and water were not created P.; de-bo 
 i. q. ayit-bo, dyit (or if) de-bo s. creator 
 P. a-dyit a-de s. or nun-de s. creation, 
 procreation, nitn-de nyo i. q. (%)?^ de nyo 
 n. pr. the goddess of creation; in her 
 attribute of procreation she is called nd- 
 zon nyo; — de is applied to the revolving 
 of the pHr-vuH, pur-vun de (the spinning- 
 wheel) 1. to revolve, 2. the wheel of 
 life; pur-vun de-bo creator; affixed to ryu 
 means to brighten, to clear up so ryu de 
 the weather has become fine. 
 
 de, de-m 3. vb. 1. to spread, to sink into 
 as ink on damp paper, ndk-tso co-gu-ka 
 de bam the ink spreads in the paper. — 
 2. to be lazy, to be idle, sluggish, md- 
 yen md-de-niin do not be thoughtless and 
 idle; — a-dem s. idleness, a-dem mat vb. 
 to be idle etc. 
 
 *de 4. T. 'das, 'dd-ba to pass away, 
 ts'ii de-ndn life is passed away, he is dead; 
 tsu de-bo s. the dead, de-lok T. 'das-log 
 s. resurrection; de-lok lot vb. to rise 
 again, to revive, to resuscitate; a-som 
 pdt-lun de-lok lot to recover from swoon; 
 sd-kon de-lok the resurrection of Sakon 
 (a Lepcha book) M., L. A. Waddell, 
 Buddhism Lend. 1895, 553 ff. 
 
 *de 5. T. bde(-ba) blissful; said of 
 soothing and quieting child to prevent 
 its crying: to sooth en boh de bam to 
 attract attention of child in order to 
 quiet it, see yen. — de-bo a child's play- 
 thing. — de-wo T. bde-ba s. joy, happi- 
 ness, bliss, sa-kya de-wo T. sa-kya bde-ba 
 n. pr. of one of Padmasambhava's wives 
 pa-pu-mit kd sa-kya de-wd ydn the Nepa- 
 lese princess called S. P. 
 
 de 6., de kuh s. tree froni which paper 
 is made, de kuh a-dum Daphne papyracoa, 
 de kur'i a-nok D. purpurea, both species 
 
 12 
 
178 
 
 *de-dek 
 
 den— * den 
 
 used for making paper: de-nok de Idk 
 yb. to form paper, to pour or spread 
 out the masli for paper. 
 
 *de 7. T. sde a tribe, district, place, 
 a division; de-pdn s. a chief, a head of 
 a tribe. 
 
 de 8., cok-de s. a grave with a stone. 
 *de 9. T. Ide; de-mik T. Ide-mig s. key; 
 de-mik gd-co s. the key and lock, de-mik 
 gd-co kyop vb. to lock, de-mik gd-co kydp- 
 re zdn settled, fixed, immoveable, de-mik 
 gd-co kydp-re zdn-bo a man of decided 
 character; de-mik an s. a key-hole. 
 
 de-nyok s. ace. Wtt. A. 1256, 1290 
 Ardisia crenata and A. involucrata. 
 
 de-mo s. a box for holding salt or 
 
 pepper and also for vegetable; used also 
 
 sometimes for de-bo a child's plaything. 
 
 de ydn fr. T. sdod? s. a place for sitting, 
 
 a dwelling-place, a site. 
 
 de-su Van s. name of tree, species of 
 the fig-tree used in the fermentation 
 of ci. 
 
 de-Su s. n. of tree Juniperus recurva 
 Wtt. J. 104, Hooker 2, 45. 
 
 dek vb. t. to break (string, heart), to 
 break asunder; n. to burst, see under ton 1. ; 
 fig. rin-cet dek vb. to break promise; Id- 
 yo dek hron to give way to sinfuLpassions; 
 Ka-tso dek to burst forth into abuse; mik- 
 grun dek to burst forth into tears. — 
 2. vb. n. to be broken asunder (as life), 
 to terminate, to expire, dek-non broken 
 tuk-po d.-n. the string is br., ended, 
 terminated, a-liit dek-non the heart to 
 be broken, broken-hearted. — md-dek-nd 
 always, incessantly, continually, constantly; 
 so md-dek-nd yH (rain) to pour incessantly 
 or without end; dek md-nyin-nun without 
 end, endless, boundless, eternal, imperish- 
 able. — 3. s. end, fate, destiny etc. i. q. 
 a-dek in comp.; dek fak-lUn mak to come 
 to one's end, to die; md-ro do dek fak- 
 lun mak to die naturally. — dek pik 
 to purify one's destiny by sprinkling 
 water; dek-pik pd-sor s. a species of 
 grass used in incantations for sprinkling 
 water, see pd-sor; d.-p. liik s. a fowl 
 
 used in the ceremony of purification (not 
 sacrificed but set at liberty afterwards). 
 See under pik. 
 
 a-dek s. 1. extremity, 2. stalk; 3. the 
 bottom of, 4. the outer part. 5. the end, 
 a-dek-ka at the end, nam sd-dyak nydt-sd 
 a-dek-ka at the end of two full years Ex. 
 a-min a-dek the lower extremity; a-tdn 
 a-dek the upper extremity; a-dek tynk, 
 a-dek yd vb. to know a thing perfect; 
 a-dek-ka a-lom kd pu it may be so after 
 all. a-dek fap vb. to gain the end. 
 
 sUn-dek s. end, extremity. 
 
 dek-bor s. fate, destiny, lot, chance, 
 dek-bor-niin bri hyok to be destined to 
 be united in marriage, dek hyok to be 
 fated, to be destined, a-re sd-fim zdk-sdn 
 dek hyok it was my destiny that this 
 calamity should befall me; — dek fom-bo 
 riivi the god of fate, dek fom-bo riim-sdn 
 the fates; — mik dek 16 s. a reward for 
 finding anything lost, lit. "the reward 
 of fortune of the eye", dek sok mu-Kvn- 
 ne you cannot lengthen life or restore. 
 td-se ka-do-nun Id dek sok md-lel-ne even 
 I Tashe cannot restore life. P. 
 
 den see dydn. 
 
 deh-sa Ifk no s. n. of spec, of fish, the 
 pilot-fish, see td-hryUm no. M. 
 
 den-sum Ifk s. a spec, fish M. i.q. de/i-sd-? 
 
 det 1. vb. to struggle, to be restive, 
 as cows etc.: bik det bam; sd-dydr mi 
 det the gun kicks. 
 
 td-def s. the dusty refuse of grain that 
 is fiung away after winnowing zo td-det. 
 
 det 2. see dydt. 
 
 den 1. see de 2. 
 
 *den 2. T. Man possessing, nor-den T. 
 nor-ldan. See nor 3. 
 
 *den 3. T. gdan s. a cushion, a king's 
 throne or great man's seat; ju den a 
 cushion, dor-je den Vajrasana (Buddha- 
 gaya) P., fat den the earth. 
 
 *den 4. T. bden true, faith, belief, just, 
 den torn sound testimony, strong evideuce ; 
 — den-tmk T. bden-tsig s. testimony, 
 den-tsiik yiik s. a note of hand, written 
 engagement, den-tsiikyuk fo to give written 
 
den — dem 
 
 dem— *do 
 
 179 
 
 engagement; den-tmk dun byi vb. to 
 testify, Tni mon hu-nun l.-mum cok-tiun 
 lik-luH hum mak-bo-sdn sd-nok-nun lot 
 luk kon-ba hii dyep-ka bam-bo-nun den- 
 tsiik dun byi the people that was with 
 him when he called L. out of his grave, 
 and raised him from the dead, bare re- 
 cord. J. — den ziin T. bden rdsun truth 
 and falsehood, den zun fii or sem vb. 
 literally to separate truth from falsehood 
 i. e. to judge; — den-ytik s. testimonials 
 (written) of character or of acquittal; — 
 den-ri T. bden- rigs vb. to believe, to 
 h^ve faith in, to trust, to place faith in, 
 den md-ri-ne not to credit, to disbelieve, 
 to have no faith in, den-ri lyan s. 1. ground 
 for faith, 2. a court of justice, den-ri 
 lyan-bo s. a person of credit, deri-n lyan- 
 ka so vb. to bring before court of justice; 
 a-do den-ri-niin a-dom fyor thy faith has 
 made thee whole Chr. den a-tim ri to 
 have great faith; ho den a-tim ri thy 
 faith is great Chr.; den tim-mo ri-Mn 
 having great faith, den a-cum or (kam) 
 ri to have little faith, e den a-mm ri-bo 
 thou of little faith; den-ri-bo adj. be- 
 lieving. 
 
 den 2., c6k den a pit-grave, see cok. 
 den 3. vb. n. 1. to be upright, adj. up- 
 right, ki den, dum den the warp (upright 
 threads); — a-den s. the warp. — 2. to 
 be well or thorough performed, zuk den, 
 well cooked zo man mydn den food to 
 be thoroughly cooked. — 3. to overspread, 
 ta-lyan kor pUp fat den tin (his glory) 
 overspread the heavens and reached the 
 depths of the earth. M. — a-den s. the 
 populace in contradistinction to bdr-fon 
 the patricians. M. Gr. XII n., K. 31 ff. 
 dep-t6m s. record, testimony, tradition. 
 *dep-t'o T. deb-fo or deb-fer i. q. mi-t'o, 
 mi dep-fo s. a register of population, a 
 census, dep-fo kydp vb. to take a census. 
 dem 1. abbreviated for de-mo- 
 dem 2. i. q. dyom s. time, period, dem 
 md-M-ne incessantly, continually, dem 
 md-cet-ne dyok mat vb. to be continually 
 working, dem md-cet-ne so yu to be con- 
 
 tinually raining, dem po s. a time, once, 
 dem po kat once, one time, dem po nydt 
 two times, twice. 
 
 dem 3., a-dem s. notch, tson dem s. 
 notch of arrow, tuk-sim dem s. the point 
 of tail. 
 
 der, a-der adj. s. common (as a field), 
 land belonging to many. 
 
 der-mo suii-fdn (or sd-fdn') s. a spec, of 
 moss, stag-moss, Lyeopodium clavatum. 
 
 do 1. object, dom after pronouns ex- 
 presses 1. "self"; also "own", see a-do, 
 ka-do, td-do e. c. kd-do 1. myself, 2. my 
 own; md-i'd do 1. one's own, 2. of itself, 
 naturally; — 2. identical, personal, par- 
 ticular, peculiar; the same, even, exactly, 
 a-re do even this, kd-ti do just ten, a-ldn 
 do just now; — 3. signifies also "only" 
 a-re do rin li he only said this. — 4. when 
 reduplicated signifies "each" also "differ- 
 ent" md-rd-sdn gi/n-nd do do li-ka lot- 
 non-ne every man went to his own 
 respective house; do do gyu-pdn dun 
 each told his own respective tale. 
 
 do 2., do-ld T. do-zla (an equal, a 
 companion) adv. equally, even as, alike, 
 according to. 
 
 do 3. vb. to inherit, si do to inherit 
 property, a-bo-sd gi-c6 do to inherit 
 property of father, do fo vb. to con- 
 fiscate, is said when a king takes property 
 of which there is no heir, or if the heir 
 be an infant, when the property is placed 
 in trust to the king; to take back one's 
 own, as kd-sum mlo a-dom nyo bo fo 
 a-ldn do-so or lot do-so (or -lot lyo-so') 
 I will now take my property I lent you; 
 to take, to deprive of. 
 
 *do 4. T. mdo s. a treatise, records, 
 archives, do moh T. mdo man s. "many 
 treatises" name of a book, a compilation 
 of subjects. 
 
 *do 5. T. rdo s. a stone L. Idn; *do 
 ke-mo (T. Myimf) s. a large house built 
 on stone-pedestals. M.; — *do-ko T. rdo- 
 skor s. small stones, pebbles, do-ko dydn 
 vb. to fling stones; do-ko tsun-ka non 
 vb. to gather stones. — *do-kre T. rdo- 
 
180 
 
 *do-dok 
 
 *dok-bo— dot 
 
 gras s. stairs, steps. — *do-tsuk T. rdo- 
 rtsig s. stone-wall, building, an assemblage 
 of stone, buildings. 
 
 *do 6. T. mdo s. axiom, a problem, a 
 mystery; a riddle, an enigma, do-sd 
 a-pryom s. solution of riddle, do tyak vb. 
 to understand a riddle; do-sd tan tyak 
 fat to discover answer to riddle; do fo 
 vb. to give up a riddle; do vydt vb. to 
 ask a riddle; do dun vb. to give (relate) 
 a riddle. 
 
 *do 7. see to 3. for T. dos s. a burden, 
 a load, do ka s. a piece of wood braid 
 at the bottom of basket; see tuk-mon. 
 do ku s. a back-board for carrying load; 
 do ku tun-dyon a large basket. 
 
 *do-nya (T. do-damf) s. a punchayet, 
 do-nyd-ka sv/i so vb. to bring matter 
 before do-nya; do-nya-sd a-tyak-bo s. the 
 principal person at do-nya. M. 
 
 "^do-iiut T. 'dii byed in L.: s. 1. a notion, 
 an idea; the substance or point of speach, 
 hii do-put md-nyin-nd li he speaks with- 
 out any point (idea); a-ldn hii do-put-ka 
 fi at last he has come to the point; 2. a 
 settlement, a definitive decision, a con- 
 clusion. 
 
 do-sal (?) s. the marbled cat, Felis 
 marmorata ace. Wtt. T. 431. 
 
 dok 1. vb. to be alike, to accord with, 
 to correspond with, to be of the size of, 
 sd-lo dok-kun go how large is it, what 
 like is it; md-dok-ne to be different in 
 a greater degree, to be unlike, to be 
 dissimilar, to be disproportion ed; md- 
 dok-nun s. dissimilarity; md-dok-nun-sd 
 or md-dok-num-bo extraordinary, peculiar, 
 unparalleled, incomparable, transscendent, 
 surpassing, da pun var-rd var rip md- 
 dok-nun nyak-ka nyi-yam-o at the side 
 of the lake there was a plenty of 
 uncomp^rable (beautiful) lotus-flowers 
 everywhere P. 2. s. likeness, similiarity; 
 a-tet-sd dok as large as this, the same as 
 this; a-re-sd dok-ka in accordance with 
 this; a-do rin-sd dok-ka hii ind-ti-ne 
 according to your words he did not come. 
 — dok-bo adj. s. alike, similitude. — a-dok 
 
 adj. equal, kd-nyi do a-dok we are both 
 equal, rin a-dok li to be equal in speach; 
 
 — dok-ld advly. of the size of, in accordance 
 with, dok-ld tnat vb. to be of the size of; 
 
 — sd-dok-ld adv. as, so, thus, accordingly 
 M. 87. 
 
 *dok-bo T. zlog-pa ("a turning back") 
 s. ceremony of incantation and repelling 
 of evil spirits, dok-bo kyop vb. to perform 
 the ceremony wherein there is a great 
 clapping of hands. 
 
 don see ddn also incorrly. for dUn. 
 
 *don 1. T. don s. a vessel, nyen-don. s. 
 a milk-vessel, po-don s. a vessel made 
 from bamboo; co-don a tea-pot. — don-mo 
 s. a churu; a vessel for holding liquids 
 i. q. pd-tek q. cfr., co-don-mo i. q. co-pd-tek. 
 
 don 2., don (cfr. T. sdoA-po s. a stalk, 
 see don 3.) vb. 1. to grow from root of 
 old plants as plantains, to shoot, to ger- 
 minate, also do/'i di; 2. to exude (as sap). 
 
 — a-don s. a young shoot; don-bo id. 
 applied to shoots of bamboo. 
 
 *don 3. T. sdon(^po\ don-re T. sdon-ras 
 s. I. a cotton stem, the wick of lamp or 
 candle; 2. a spec, of mushroom. 
 
 *don 4. T. gdon s. the face, don sen or 
 don jdn (L.) T. gdon zen (lit. "a face 
 reflecting evil"') bashful, timid; don zoA 
 T. gdon bzai'i lit. a f. "bearing good'", 
 brazen-faced, full of assurance. Also d»h. 
 
 dot vb. t. to draw out, to pluck out, 
 to pull out, o-re-nun mat-liin s. p.-niin 
 
 pd-yuk Ion o-re rem dot-ban then S. 
 
 having a sword drew it J.; hU-niin ku 
 bryan-ka m. ydn fik-Mn li su go yo gdii 
 go-nun hum uu-niin dot fat she called 
 his name M.: and she said, because I 
 drew him out of the water Ex.; c. lot 
 (agaiu q. cfr.) hU-niin a-kd-rem kHr-sdk- 
 ka fap-lUn lot dot-tiin-sd hH kd-re sd-non 
 dum zon dom ddk he put his hand into 
 his bosom again; and when he took it 
 out, behold, his hand was leprous as 
 snow Ex. — to distill ci dot; — fig. to 
 expel, to eject, to cast out, to exile, 
 lyan-niin dot to exile, to banish, to de- 
 port; — to expunge, to efface, to erase 
 
dot— dop 
 
 dom — dor 
 
 181 
 
 da-so dot to expunge supernumerary days 
 (in calendar); — to expend, kdm, a, zo 
 dot to expend money, chi, food; — co dot 
 to chant a book fr. memory; ■ — to cast 
 out or give up without reservation a-lut 
 dot li to speak without reserve, to open 
 unreservedly (as heart); — to deliver, Id- 
 yo-nun ha-yum dot deliver us from evil, 
 duk-nun dot to extricate from trouble, 
 to disembarrass; — to lose, especially any 
 thing dear or valued, which is expressed 
 figuratively, as a-lut dot-non I have lost 
 my heart, a-mik dot-non I have lost my 
 eye (figuratively). 
 
 vb. n. to become dismissed, renowned, 
 a-bryan dot to become renowned, cele- 
 brated; to be eliminated, to be dismissed, 
 to be lost, to be gone; go ik ca md-dot- 
 ne I am not yet gone, I am not yet dead; 
 tydn md-dot-ne i. q. su-M md-dot-ne 
 "nothing lost", quite well, it is of no 
 consequence; go md-dot-ne it matters not, 
 I am pretty well (an old man would say), 
 kam md-dot-ne a little better (lit. "but 
 little lost"). — a-dot s. a giving out, a-dot 
 a-cdt s. a gift; aid, assistance. 
 
 dot 2. T. dod s. an equivalent, in- 
 demnity, dot byi vb. to give an equivalent. 
 
 don 1. or don-don adj. bushy as tail, 
 tuk-sim don-don or don-nd don-nd a bushy 
 tail; sun-fon don don shaggy moss. 
 
 don 2. fr. don q. v. a young shoot. 
 
 dop vb. n. to burn, ndk bam-ba kun- 
 dyon-re mi dyak bam go-run-ld md-dop-ne 
 behold, the bush burned with fire, and 
 the bush was not consumed Ex. — sd- 
 r6n-nd md-rd mi-ka fan-ba mi-nim md- 
 dop-nd pa ydn-sd a-sut-re sd-ba-re ba 
 tsuk-kyer tsuk-lat gun-nd tyo-non-ne-yam-o 
 everywhere from east to west all the 
 inhabitants of the country heard the 
 (wonderful) news: indeed to-day the 
 man (i. e. Padma) was burnt with fire 
 but the fire did not harm him P. — to 
 be frost-bitten; dop-ndn burnt, md-zu 
 dop-ld ddk to feel burning pains; a-fon 
 so-non-niin dop-ndn feel to be frost-bitten. 
 — dyop caus. of dop vb. to cause to burn, 
 
 to burn; san a-sel dyop-san duk to make 
 wet wood burn is difficult. — in comp. 
 dap: pur-dap s. a fireplace. 
 
 dom 1. inflected (object.) c. of do see 
 under -m. 
 
 dom 2. vb. to be in unioi), together, 
 to be in accordance, to be in combination. 
 dom-lun a-z&m zo vb. to eat together, 
 dom-lun dyok mat vb. to work together, 
 dom-lun rin li vb. to speak in union, to 
 speak the same thing, dom-lur'i tn'on mat 
 vb. to trade in partnership; — to gather 
 together in small compass, to abbreviate 
 (as word), to abridge, to condense, to 
 epitomize, to fold (cloth) together; — s. 
 nnison, unity, abbreviation, compendium, 
 summary; yiik dom s. abbreviation of 
 word, CO dom-fom-bo an abridged work; 
 dom-ld adv. concordantly, unanimously. 
 
 dom 3. s. the leprosy: dom-ddk. Ex., 
 dom mun the evil spirit of leprosy; dom 
 mun zdk-bo or dom-ddk-bo a. a leper, 
 dom-ddk-niin a-kd a-dyan fydr dyan the 
 hands and feet of the leper fall off; — 
 dom-dydr s. leprosy, dom-(dydr) ddk-bo 
 a leper, md-ro a-jdn-nd zum bam mun 
 pe lyo gdn nd dom-dydr-ddk-bo Jce kd-ta 
 ka nan-re zdn giim bad men living to- 
 gether may be likened to lepers sitting 
 together. ^- dom sd-hlan s. incipient or 
 pseudo-leprosy. 
 
 dom 4. i. q. rtin-dom s. a bank, a slape; 
 also dom. 
 
 *dom 5., dom-bo T. 'doms s. the private 
 parts (viri aut mulieris), dom-bo sor vb. 
 to be debauched, applied to nuns, tsvn- 
 mo dom-bo-sor a d. nun. — dom-tf'dn s. 
 pure, chaste; a virgin; a chaste monk. 
 
 dor 1. s. a mushroom, any spec, fungus, 
 Agaricus, dor-bi s. a spec, of mushroom, 
 dor-bi brdp young fungi. 
 
 dor 2. applied to sound when low and 
 base, rin dor dot li vb. to speak in a 
 low, base, muttering voice; a-nyum dor 
 a base voice; co dor fin vb. to intone in 
 base voice. 
 
 dor 3. vb. 1. to reduce to a uniform 
 mass, said when boiling vegetables well: 
 
182 
 
 dor— *d«k 
 
 "ddk— ddn 
 
 dor nrik; tuk-iak dor-lun kd vb. to boil 
 gruel well; man sd bi dor-lun no vb. to 
 boil vegetables and meat to a uniform 
 mass; mdn dor-Id hyor vb. to com- 
 pound drugs intimately together; — 2. to 
 assemble, to collect together, ma-ro-sdn 
 lik dpr vb. to convoke the people to- 
 gether. 3. to be turned as edge of knife : 
 ban dor. 
 
 dor 4. see di/i dor under din. M. 
 
 *dor-je T. rdo-rje Skt. vajra s. thunder- 
 bolt, see Jaschke s.v., Waddell, Buddhism. 
 .340 f. *dor-je-den T. rdo-rje-gdan Ya^rk- 
 sana (Buddhagaya) P. — *dor-je pa-ldm 
 T. rdo-rje pa-lam s. a diamond; — *dor- 
 je-lin Darjeeling T. rdo-rje glin. P. 
 
 d6 1. s. sperma genitale, tik do. 
 
 *d5 2. s, T. brda s. a mark, a sign, a 
 token, — do-cet T. brda-byed or brda- cad 
 s. investigation, inquiry, i. q. L. ryak-vydt 
 and tso-vydt; do-cet kydp-lun or do-cet 
 mat-lun tyak vb. to find out by investi- 
 gation; do-mo to make much inquiry, to 
 seek after a thing lost; dd-mo kyop or 
 mat vb. ditto; do kyop or do klon or do 
 ton vb. to publish, to proclaim, ko d6-t6n 
 to publish an order. 
 
 (dd 3.) a-do a-dak s. the hard part of 
 yam (thrown away). M. 
 
 ddk 1. vb. n. to dazzle, a-tsur-nun 
 a-mik ddk my eyes are dazzled by the 
 rays. 
 
 *ddk 2. T. dag in comp. : tdn-ddk, tu/i- 
 dok, tun-ddk see under tan, T. don-dag; 
 e. c. tun-ddk mat i. q. dok-bo mat, see 
 ddk 3. go duk zdk bam-ba hu kd-sii tun- 
 ddk mat when I was in trouble, he be- 
 friended me. 
 
 *ddk 3. T. bdag s. owner, proprietor, 
 master of, protector; guarding, patronage; 
 vb. to own; *ddk-bo T. bdag-po s. one 
 having, an owner, a master, a lord of, 
 a-jdn a-kyon-sd ddk-bo s. protector of the 
 poQr; — *c?dA(-io) mat T. bdag{-po) byed- 
 (joa) vb. to protect, to defend, to patronize, 
 to guard, a- mo -nun a-kup buk-kun-sd 
 a-nyu ddk mat the aunt protects the child 
 from the beating of the mother. — *ddk 
 
 kyem see under kyem i. q. da kyem. +— 
 a-ddk s. t|ie owner. 
 
 *ddk 4. T. bsdogs(-pa) M., nd ddk s. a 
 reciter of truth. M. 
 
 *ddk-zun T. dag and 'dsin(-pd)? s. pre- 
 cision, exactness, accuracy, ddk-zun-ld 
 mat vb. to be precise, rin-ka li-ba ddk- 
 zun mat vb. to be precise, when speak- 
 ing; ayok ddk-zun-ld mat vb. to do work 
 with precision. 
 
 ddii 1. see ddA and dan 4. 
 
 ddii 2. s. a portentuous or inauspicious 
 event: U ddn gydm-md said on entering 
 a new built house, 24 hours (or more) 
 after which no work is done: "remain 
 quiet in the house during d."; ra ddn 
 gydm-md "beware of the inauspicious 
 season of the Ra tree" i. e. during the 
 time of its' shedding its leaves, during 
 which time for about a week it is un- 
 lucky to sow or plant (if you do so, the 
 plant on sprouting up will whither away). 
 
 *ddn 3. or ddn-jdk T. mdan or mdan- 
 zag adv. yesterday M. 
 
 ddn 4. vb. n. to be black and white, 
 variegated, num-bdn ddn a person piebald 
 from scalding or disease; sd-ar-pdn sd- 
 ndn-ka to sd-re pur-tak-bo sd a-ddii un 
 luk-pdn sd-ndn-ka a-ndk md-go-niim-bo 
 gun-nd kd-sii dyep-ka nyi gdn o-re tuk-mo 
 ayum-ba every one that is not speckled 
 and spotted among the goats and brown 
 among the sheep, that shall be counted 
 stolen with me G. — ddn tam-blydk s. n. 
 of spec, of butterfly; kd-li ddn (see tun- 
 ddn) s. a spec, of squirrel. — dun-nd ddn- 
 nd adjly. spotted, red and white (as fruit), 
 d.-nd ddn-nd mydn vb. to be partially 
 ripe (as fruit). — a-ddn adj. black and 
 white (as a horse), applied to any part 
 of the body scorched by fire mi ddn. — 
 tun-don and nun-ddn 1. i. q. a-ddn., 2. s. 
 n. of tree, 3. s. a spec, of squirrel, 
 Sciurus; — tufi^dun tun-ddn(^la) i. q. dwm- 
 nd d6h-nd. — Also dydn and tun-dydn, 
 tun-dyen. 
 
 ddn 5., a-ddn s. a house or roosting- 
 place for birds: fo-ddn; hik-ddn. 
 
ddii— ddp 
 
 ddp-ddl 
 
 183 
 
 ddn, don (j. vb. t. to search, to seek 
 after, go-niin hum ddn-ndn I went search 
 of him; ho do-sd don-niin nyi you brought 
 it on yourself or it -was your own seek- 
 ing; to follow after females, applied to 
 beasts, kd-ju a-mot doi'i bam the dog 
 follows the bitch; dorl mu-suk-ne not to 
 care for females; — don ger. don kon let 
 (him) search; don-bo s. a seeker, a-vi 
 don-bo bloody Ex.; don-set s. means of 
 searching; ddn-vydt s. a question, J. 
 
 ddii -din bik i. q. tun-din bik s. a spec, 
 of beetle. 
 
 d6t vb. to leave a part, to leave un- 
 fiaished; applied also to the pray of 
 wild animals from the custom of leaving 
 a part, ho sd-Mn dot nun-nu-a may you 
 become the pray of a tiger; to lose one's 
 appetite, applied chiefly to the loss of 
 appetite thro' pregnancy: td-dyu a-kup 
 bu-ba dot bam. 
 
 a-dot s. the remainder, balance, a frag- 
 ment. 
 
 ddn 1., tun-don see tun-ddn see dan. 
 
 ddn 2. vb. to be red hot, to glow (as 
 fire), pun-jen don red hot iron; sun-gyor 
 don a glowing coal; fat don red burnt 
 earth, a brick. 
 
 ddn 3. adj. thinly, finely and uniformly 
 applied to snow etc., td-i don-nd don-nd 
 pot vb. to sprinkle flour finely; sd-noii 
 don-nd don-nd yu vb. (snow) to fall uni- 
 formly; so d. d. y. (rain) ditto. 
 
 ddn 4. see under ddn. 
 
 ddp 1. (see top) vb. to support; — pun- 
 dop s. a large stick for lever, a lever, pvn- 
 ddp-sd lu vb. to raise with large stick. 
 
 ddp 2. 1. vb. n. to be opposite, to be 
 vis a vis, ddp din vb. to stand before, 
 dop kyop vb. to meet opposite, to have 
 fruitless labour, dop nan vb. to sit 
 opposite; to be perpendicularly inclined; 
 to be equal, dop nan to be equal. 2. adj. 
 very steep, perpendicular as a precipice, 
 lyan dop a precipitous place, a ravine; 
 sd-gor ddp s. a precipice tho' steep but 
 that can be ascended; 3. vb. t. to drive 
 in as nail zer dop; to be penetrating as 
 
 heat, rays: a-tsur dop. — Caus. dyop to 
 lean against as one tree against another 
 or stick against wall, kun kat-nUn kat-ka 
 dydp the one tree rests against the other. 
 ddp 3., a-dop s. a flight of birds, a herd, 
 a troup fo-dop; li/k-dop; mag-mi dop. 
 
 *ddp 4. T. Idab s. a repetition, a re- 
 turning, "nyi ddp T. nyis Idab double, 
 twice; — ddp kydp vb. to repeat, to per- 
 form twice; to perform fruitless labour. 
 ddm 1. vb. t. to choose, to select, to 
 pick, ddm Mo kydp vb. to do as one 
 chooses, ddm fdm-bo or ddm lyo fdm-bo 
 or d. lyom-bo chosen, elect, ddm lyo vb. 
 to take by choice. — ddm-ldt s. choice, 
 selection. 
 
 ddm 2. vb. T. sdom(^pa to bind) see 
 dam, 1. to be bound, to be tied; 2. to 
 be restrained, to be reserved as land 
 lyan ddm; to be frozen: Kyek ddm. 
 
 ddm 3. in compos, thumb or big-toe 
 kd ddm, (on ddm. 
 
 ddm 4., run-ddm s. a slope, a bank, 
 an acclivity, see dom. 
 
 ddm 5. for T. dam see fu-ddm, fu-dam, 
 yi-ddm, yi-dam. 
 
 ddm kun s. a spec, of tree Acer camp- 
 bellii, used as tea, the fallen leaves are 
 gathered i. q. ya-li sin Wtt. A. 331., ddm 
 nydm the leaves of A. c. 
 
 ddr I. s. a shoulder-strap, a sh.-belt, 
 ddr-ka or ddr-ri; dor (^ka) krap the 
 shoulder-belt is too tight; ddr(^-ka^ vydl 
 the sh. is too long or broad; ddr-ka rik 
 the sh. is right; ddr-ka a-tan zuk make 
 it shorter; ddr-ka a-hrydn zuk make it 
 longer; ddr-ka bii to carry shoulder-strap 
 or with it. 
 
 ddr 2. T. dar{-ba to be diffused) vb. t. 
 to propagate, Id-yo ddr to disseminate 
 evil; yen ddr to divert the mind; see 
 ddr., tar., tar. 
 
 ddr 3. vb. to be crooked, kun ddr-ndn 
 the tree is crooked. See also dar. 
 
 ddr 4. vb. to be awry, a-mik ddr bam 
 to have cast in eye. 
 
 ddl s. an ornament on sheath of sword 
 or shield, pd-yuk ddl; Idp ddl. 
 
184 
 
 (ddlj— dyam 
 
 dyam— dyaii 
 
 (d6l) 2. see under dal 2. 
 
 (ddl) 3., dol-ld ddl-ld flowing (hair): 
 a-ts6m d.-ld d.-ld. 
 
 dya 1. i. q. dya see under da. 
 
 dya 2. (ft. dya?), a-cik-kd dya a certain 
 quantity. M. 
 
 dyak 1. expletive to Mk, sdk dyak to 
 counsel; 2. cans, of ddk q. t. 
 
 dyan 1. 1. vb. n. to split from orer- 
 straining, sd-li dydn the bow is split 
 from overstraining; 2. vb. t. to publish, 
 to promulgate. 
 
 dyan 2. striped, also den zdn, see ddn 4. 
 
 dydt i. q. hydt q. v. 
 
 dyat, dyet and det adj. fond of, agree- 
 able to, having a passjon for; ci dydt- 
 nyim-bo one fond of strong drink, mik- 
 krap dydt-nyim-bo one fond of sleep; 
 man ryak dydt-nyim-bo one having a 
 passion for hunting. — s. lust, passion, 
 bo-sd dydt-pdn the lusts of (your) father 
 J. — a verbal particle forming' an active 
 present participle, go n6n dydt bam I am 
 going or just about to go; hu mak dydt 
 he is dying or just about to die; /. fdl 
 dydt-tun-sd i.-kup-pdn-niin a-mlem luk-ba 
 ndk-kd minzdr-mo-sdn hd-yum ryak 16m 
 dydt when Ph. drew nigh, the children 
 of I. lifted up their eyes and behold the 
 Egyptians marched after them. Ex. 
 
 dyan see den. See also mii-dydn s. v. mix.. 
 
 dydn see dan. 
 
 dyap see dyep (along with -). 
 
 dydm vb. to reflect, to consider, to as- 
 certain, to judge, so-yic pu dydm-md to 
 judge whether it will rain or not; td- 
 lyan ts'dt dyam md-nyin-ne there is no 
 judging of the weather; kam dyam. ham- 
 md to reflect a little; md-dydm-nd-ba 
 md-li-nun do not speak without reflection; 
 dydm-lun yd vb. to know certainly, d.-l. 
 md-yd-ne not to be able to discern. — 
 dydm-ld zuk vb. to do it deliberately 
 with thoughtfulness, also designedly; — 
 dyam ndk to reflect how anything will 
 turn out, to judge. — dydm-ldt s. judge- 
 ment, discrimination, consideration. 
 
 dyam 1. cans, of diim vb. to put on 
 
 dress, to dress, diim dydm to put on 
 clothes, M-do vdn-tsdt^sd dUm-pdH dydm 
 (she) put on the garments of her widow- 
 hood Gr. — dydm byi vb. to clothe as 
 children who cannot clothe themselves. 
 
 a-dydm s. a dress. See also dyam. 
 
 dyam 2., a-dydm s. profit, improve- 
 ment M. 
 
 (dyam 3.) tuk-dydm see iHk-fyil. 
 
 dy4m caus. of de vb. to sooth (irritation 
 of child), dyen boh dydm to sooth child. 
 
 dySr, dydr 1. adj. slight, weak, feable, 
 able to fly a little, justfledged, fo dydr- 
 non the bird is able to fly a little. 
 
 dydr-rd dydr-rd long and thin, slender; 
 — a-dydr adj. slack (as a bow). 
 
 dyar 2. expletive to dam, dam dydr-bo 
 a leper. 
 
 dyar 3. side by side, see dyer, jer. 
 
 dyar ci bik see sd-dydr ci bik. 
 
 dyal redupl. td-dydl open-mouthed, tdr 
 dydl-bo da vb. to lie with mouth open. 
 
 dydl-bo see dyol and dydr 1. adj. weak, 
 shaky, slight, dydl-ld dydl-ld slack (as 
 bow-string). 
 
 dya, dya-m caus. of da q. v. 
 
 dyak 1. vb. to become sour and de- 
 stroyed (as chi), ci so-liih dyak non the 
 chi has become sour and completely bad. 
 
 dyak 2. vb. to flame up mi dyak, a-rdt 
 dyak, a-rdt muri dyak the flame of sudden 
 or violent death, a-dyak s. blaze, flame. 
 
 dyak 3. vb. dyak bam to be good, 
 auspicious, a-kin dyak bam id. kd-su kin 
 dyak duk-niin for my fate is auspicious, 
 I have escaped the misfortune. 
 
 dyan 1. vb. to be trodden down as field 
 lyah dyan, to pound as in a mortar, to 
 bray ttik tsam-ka dyaii. 
 
 dyan 2., a-dyan s. the leg, the foot, 
 a-dyah kdn tydl vb. to trip up by catch- 
 ing hold of one leg; a-dyah gyap-bo s. 
 an unsettled person, a-dyan s6r-bo s. a 
 lame p. — a-dyan tsdt s. the measure of 
 the foot. — muk-nydm lyah-ka a-dyaii 
 kryak to have one foot in the grave; 
 a-dyah kd-ta-sd l6m-bo a prop for a 
 basket. — dyan por vb. to kick forwards, 
 
dyan— dyuk 
 
 dyun — dyuk 
 
 185 
 
 dyaii g&r biik or ay ok to kick backwards. 
 — Comp. dyan fyau the leg; dyan lydk 
 the sole of feet. 
 
 dyan 3., a-dyan explet. to kydt, a-kydt. 
 (dyan 4.) reduplic. tun-dyan fair as com- 
 plexion, clean, white a-mlem tun-dyan. 
 
 dyaii-diii-bik i. q. tun-dm-bik s. a spec, 
 of coleopterous insect, Oalandra heros. 
 
 dyan hlyam s. the small cuckoo, Cuculus 
 poliocephalus, Je. 324. R. 207. 
 
 dyap adj. fine as powder of meal, tu-i 
 dyap fine flour, said of grain : well separat- 
 ed from husk dya'p-la tsu; well trodden, 
 said of anything, zo dyap-Un ci vb. to 
 thrash corn well, dyap-ld tsop vb. to be 
 well trodden, said of clay etc.; ayok zuk 
 dyap-bo s. one who performs work well; 
 efficient, efPectiye. 
 
 dyam 1. vb. to blab, to tell tales, to 
 inform, md-dyam-mun or dyam md-dim- 
 nvn do not tell; tam dyam-bo s. a blabber, 
 a telltale. 
 
 dyam 2., a-dyam, a-dyam a-kap s. ap- 
 parel, see dyam, han td-se fin-nun fun 
 prok-sd ka-den diim-pdn dt-liin dyam-ld 
 bam-md-o then Padmasambhava took 
 away the grareclothes of the dead and 
 put on them. P. 
 
 dyam 3., dyam dyam bushy, shaggy, 
 a-tsdm dyam-dyam thick hair. 
 dyi, dyin, dyit, dyin, dyim see di-. 
 dyu 1. applied to very small bird i.q. di, 
 fo dyu i. q. fo di. — a-dyiit s. a young sprout; 
 siin-kri dyiit s. a young sprout of svn-kri. 
 dyu 2. s. a record, register. 
 dyu 3. vb. to fight, to make war, to 
 quarrel, pd-no-lem dyU vb. to fight against 
 king; pd-no lol-ld dyH to fight on the 
 side of or for king. — dyii cok vb. to 
 make tumult, roar, contention; — dyut-bo 
 s. one, who fights, a warrior. — a-dyijt 
 s. war, battle; a-dyit pld or a-dytit nun 
 there was a war; a-dyiit rin li vb. to 
 promote war; a-dyixt-sd pd-hu s. the 
 demon of war; a-dyiit fed vb. to provoke 
 war. — dyut-nut s. fighting. 
 
 dyuk or kd-dyHk s. Tbr. for sa-hii s. a 
 monkey, dyHk kHp a small ditto Tbr. 
 
 dyun v^b. to be vertical, to . erect or 
 transmit in a vertical direction; t$6A dyxm 
 or tsdn dyHn-liin op vb. to discharge arrow 
 straight up in the air; tHk-nom dyHh to 
 elevate nose (as spirited horse or person 
 when snuffing anything). — dyiin-ld nan 
 vb. to be in a vertical position. 
 
 dyup vb. to fall in great quantities as 
 leaves from trees; rain, snow etc., sd- 
 non dyup-lHu md-ro duk-ka zdk the snow 
 having fallen in great quantities, the man 
 fell into trouble; sd-n6n dyi/p s. an ava- 
 lanche, T. Ka rud. 
 
 dyum s. 1. a small midge abundant 
 near water and troublesome to the, eyes. 
 2. expletive to blyok, blyok dyiim s. a 
 shade, a ghost. 
 
 (dyur) redupl., td-dyiir s. shady, cloudy, 
 td-lyan sd-tsHk td-dyiir Id di great multi- 
 tudes to come, sufficient to darken the 
 heaven; t.-d. tet kok to screen the sun's 
 rays. See under nUm-yil. 
 
 dyul s. moving of bushes by wind etc.; 
 dyiil-ld or dyul-ld dyiil-ld tyii to move as 
 bushes by the wind (or animal passing 
 thro'). 
 
 dyu 1. s. ball of gun, cannon etc., dyu 
 fyok-kHn ndn the bullets fly in abundance 
 one across the other; dyu-pot s. ball of 
 gun or musket; dyu kup s. a small b., 
 a pellet. 
 
 dyu 2., dyu-m vb. t. to measure, vb. n. 
 to correspond with, to be equal, dyu pu 
 id. — dyum gerund. of dyu; dyum-bo 1 . one 
 who measures, 2. an equal or correspond- 
 ing a measure, dyum pd-tin s. a measuring 
 yard or rod. — a-dyum adj. corresponding 
 to, equal; s. a measure, a-dyum mat vb. 
 to compare, to measure, a-dyum mlo (or 
 -se{) s. a measure. — niin-dyu s. exactitude, 
 corresponding seize. 
 
 dyu 3. s. account, register, record, dyu 
 a-nok black list, record of evil deeds. 
 See dyii. 
 
 dyuk (see tyuk) s. spittle, saliva, dyuk 
 lyiim kat or dyuk lyiim m,d-yd-nd-pa-ka 
 in the time that spittle takes to dry: 
 expressive of speed, dyuk blydn (mouth) 
 
 12* 
 
186 
 
 dyun— dyur 
 
 dyul— dyon 
 
 to fill -with spittle, (mouth) to water 
 from anything sour; dyuk tep for spittle 
 to collect in mouth; dyuk tyuh vb. to 
 spit, to despise, to show contempt of; 
 dyuk tyuk gydn sit -bo a contemptible 
 person. — dyuk gyon s. slabber, d. g. cil 
 vb. to slabber, d. g. cil-bo s. a driveller; 
 a contemptible person. 
 
 dyun, dyun Tb.t. to dance a baby in arms 
 a-kvp d.\ to caress child or animal, to 
 exercise arms, to perform gymnastics; 
 mu-zu dyun; — vb. n. to alternate, to 
 change, to vary, so dyun (weather) to 
 alternate between fair and rain. — dyun- 
 bo s. 1. a caresser, etc. 2. a gymnast, 
 athlet, 3. alternation, vicissitudes. 
 
 a-dyun s. fondling, caressing, vb. to 
 caress, a-dyun rin li to take notice of. 
 
 dyut 1. vb. t. to boil meat or vegetables 
 till quite soft, to boil to a pulp, kun-fun 
 dyut to boil down hide or leather as when 
 making glue. 
 
 dyut 2., a-dyut s. the tubers of bulbous 
 root, sun-kri dyut the t.'s of the Arum; 
 nyin dyut the t.'s of the Aconitum ferox. 
 
 dyun see under dyun. 
 
 dyup vb. to compare or liken one thing 
 to another, to make comparison; dywp 
 ndk vb. to make trial as to see whether 
 boy knows his lesson or not, to examine 
 by comparison; dywp- fun -sd li vb. to 
 speak in comparisons or parables ; dyup- 
 Mn li to compare one thing to another; 
 dyup-lun nydt vb. to show by comparison; 
 dyup-liin rin li vb. to compare, to speak 
 by comparison, to illustrate by examples; 
 dyup-lyan md-nyin-ne there is no way of 
 comparing; dyup-M md-zdk-ne the com- 
 parison is not correct; — dyup-ldt s. 
 1. comparison, 2. trial, probation, proof. 
 
 fam-dyup s. 1. experiment, trial, 2. com- 
 parison, fam-dyup mat vb. 1. to make 
 . experiment or trial, 2. to compare, fam- 
 dyup mat -bo s. an experimenter, an 
 examiner. See also dy&m. 
 
 dyum see dyu. 
 
 dyur i. q. dydr young; a-dyur s. a young 
 bird just fledged. 
 
 dyul vb. to examine, to try, to in- 
 vestigate, to prove, rin a-re M-nvn Mm 
 dyul-sdn-ka li this he said to prove him J. 
 ■^dyul ndk vb. to try, to inquire into, to 
 investigate; myel ul myel dyul to ask for 
 testing; see also dyup; — dyul-ld adv. 
 tempting. — dyul-ldt s. test, proof, trial, 
 experience, research. — a-dyul s. examin- 
 ation, trial, a-dyul-ka ndn vb. to go to 
 be examined, a-dyul zuk vb. to make 
 trial of. 
 
 dye, see de, dye ndk i. q. dyom ndk, dyek, 
 dyen, dyet, dyen, dyep see de-, dyd-. 
 
 dyep 1. s. a quire of paper containing 
 ten sheets. 
 
 dyep 2. along with, in company of, the 
 presence of, kd-sii dyep(-ka} di-o come 
 along with me; su go yo gdn jdn-bo-sdn 
 sd-fa-ld a-yu dyep(-kd) bam for the poor 
 ye have always with you J. — o-ba kd- 
 nyi dyep-ka fd-lyen kat nyi there was 
 there with us a young man Ex. — dyep- 
 dun-ka before, kur dyep-dHn-ka lom-bo 
 which went before the camp Ex. — used 
 in the sense of classing, species, fo fam- 
 cdn dyep ka vb. to class birds and animals; 
 si-sd dyep-ka md-sut-ne it do^s not come 
 under the class of si. 
 
 dyem see de-, dyer see dydr etc. 
 
 dyer on the side of, along-side of, li 
 dyer houses along -side of each other; 
 nydt dyer fields along-side of each other; 
 dyer fo vb. to place along-side as poles. 
 See jer. 
 
 (dyo), dyo-la open, clear, unconfined, 
 free, said of house, road, field, country; 
 lyan sd lom dyo-ld a free country and open 
 road; dyo-ld lydt vb. to give full liberty. 
 
 dyon 1. vb. to break, to split up, to 
 warp, applied to trees of small seize as 
 in cutting wood when it breaks and 
 splits up of itself, and cracking to fall, 
 san bik-Mn tsol-ld dyon wood, when being 
 split to break up from one end to the 
 other. 
 
 dyon 2. s. a-dyon s. a sapling, a young 
 tree, kuii dyon G.; kvn-tson dyon s. a 
 young stalk of maize. 
 
dyon— dydl 
 
 na- 
 
 187 
 
 dyon, dyon-nd dyon-nd shaggy and long 
 as fur, train of animals. 
 
 dyop see nyi, nyi-dyop s. a cold, catarrh. 
 
 dydn vb. t. to place out (as fresh cotton 
 newly plucked) to dry ki dyon. 
 
 dy6t s. a course of work as man digging 
 from top to bottom of a field and having 
 reached the bottom to recommence from 
 top, ayok dyot fye-na tye-nd di a series of 
 work to follow one another in succession. 
 — a-dyot s. a layer of thatch or tiles. 
 
 dydn vb. t. to expand, to swell out, 
 dyon nyon to puff out, to dilate. — dyon 
 td-blyon s. p. in cheek of monkeys. — 
 pul-dyon s. pouch in cheek. 
 
 dydp 1. cans, of dop q. v. 
 
 dydp 2. Tb. t. 1. to throw out, kd-cor 
 dyop to throw out hands as in disgust, 
 2. vb. n. to be answerable for, to lay 
 upon one the fault of another, to be 
 responsible for, a-kup rin a-bo-ka dyop 
 the father is answerable for the son's 
 speach; a-do-nun mat-ba kd-silm dyop li 
 you lay the fault of your own action 
 upon me. 3. vb. t. to lay one's own on 
 another, to charge, to impute, to ascribe 
 to; td-do-sd le-nen kicm-dum-ka dyop to 
 throw the blame of one's own fault on 
 another; yo a-do-sd dyok-ka md-dy&p-ne 
 I am not responsible for your acts. 
 
 dydm 1. vb. to compare, dyom-ndk vb. 
 to compose, to put together to see which 
 is best: sd-re ryu dyom iidk-kd compare — . 
 
 dydm 2., a-dy&m s. a period or space 
 of time, a time, kat dydm once, md-li-nd 
 dydm noh i. q. md-U-pa-ka non to go away 
 
 without giving time to speak; md-lik-nd 
 dydm fam i. q. md-lik-nd-pa-ka fam i. q. 
 md-lik md-ydn-nd tarn to answer without 
 giving time to call, to anticipate answer. 
 dydr 1. y\). n. to recline against, to 
 slope, dydr da to recline as on a couch, 
 run-dom dyor-da-bo a sloping bank; — 
 to sit down, md-ro-sdn-ka dydr kon-nd tin 
 lyaii o-re-ka pon a-gyap nyi o-re-nun mat- 
 lu/'i td-gri a-fron-ka ton fd-no zor't dydr 
 make the men sit down; now there was 
 much grass in the place; so the men 
 sat down, in number about five thousand 
 J. — 2. to be successful, fortunate, bon- 
 fin su-ld dydr the exorcist is s. in every 
 thing; md-dyor-ne not to be successful, 
 to be illfated; lom-ba dydr to be s. in 
 travelling; li zuk nydt zuk dydr to be 
 successful in house and farm affair; prydk 
 dyor to be successful in business; li md- 
 dyor-ne to be unfortunate in household 
 affairs. 
 
 a-dydr s. 1. leaning, 2. success, a-dyor 
 lyaii s. place to lean on, a-dyor nyim-bo 
 adj. successful. 
 
 dydl 1. shaking, not supported as wall 
 etc., shaky, dum-po dydl a loose post; • — 
 dyol-ld dyol-ld adv. loose, shaky, flappy; 
 dyol-ld 6t vb. to open a little as mouth. 
 
 td-dyol adj. large as stomach, or lips 
 only, expanded, td-bdk td-dydl, a-dul td- 
 dyol; — tun-gip td-dyol a wide-mouthed 
 bag. 
 
 dydl 2. see dydl; — tuk-dydl adj. destitute, 
 wretched, naked, on t.-d.-bo a destitute 
 child, td-gol t.-d. id. 
 
 N 
 
 na the twelfth letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. 3^ = English w (never combined with 
 i vowel). 
 
 -n I. verbal increment forms nomina 
 (substantiva, opp. -m) fr. verbal roots, 
 
 a-hru-n s. heat fr. hru vb. to be hot, 
 a-hru-m adj. hot. See -t. 
 
 n. gives a transitive or causative s. 
 an to break fr. d broken; dn to charm, 
 to warm one's self fr. d to be warm; — 
 
188 
 
 na — na 
 
 na— na-zdr 
 
 the roots byi to give, li to speak are 
 complified by the increment -n, when 
 succeeded by -k&n q. v. byin kon let him 
 give, lin kon let him speak, and when 
 combined with Jcii; lin liu q. v. 
 
 in. abbrev. fr. -ne, -nd: md-Ku-n i. q. 
 md-Ku-nd see under md; verbs ending 
 in a vowel (esp. i and t«) may generally 
 have an euphonic n surposed in addition 
 to the affixed negative postp. -nd, -ne, 
 -num, -nmi e. c. md-nyin-ne not to be fr. 
 nyi to be; md-Kun-num-bo impracticable, 
 unable fr. Kii, to be able. 
 
 na- 1, pref. forms nomina and adjectiva, 
 see nd-han under han\ nd-ru under rw; 
 especially names of trees (plants) and 
 beasts (birds, insects etc.) also a few 
 nomina propria (female consorts of gods, 
 demons etc.); — in certain cases inter- 
 changeable with num- or nun q. q. v. — 
 n. reduplication of nar etc.: nd-nar-ld, 
 nd-nom grey fr. nom, etc. See under the 
 respective roots. 
 
 -na postp. 1. should be -n-d i.e. d after 
 final (geminated) n see M. Gr. 46 e. c. 
 diin-nd imperat. of dun, gun-nd emphat. 
 (frequ.) form of gun etc. 2. affixed to 
 verbs preceded by md- (and followed by 
 the verbal affix) forms negative as go 
 md-di-nd-so I shall not come, ho md- 
 nm-nd gdn if you do not go; it also 
 singly forms negative as mak nd mak 
 dying or not dying; zu nd zu living or 
 dead M. Gr. 108. 
 
 na 1. emphatic particle, hu nd si go- 
 run g& den md-ri-ne even if he had seen 
 it he would not believe; go nd md-go-ne; 
 rikn-nun f.-ka a-kydt-sd rin dun-so it is 
 not in me : God shall give Ph. an answer 
 of peace Ex.; — go-nd hd-yu tm-sd ik 
 a-hldk-nyi-Mn-ka ti I am come that they 
 might have life etc. J. — expresses : even, 
 altogether, inclusive, as go nd md-bam- 
 nd-so I even or inclusive will not remain; 
 kd-sH bat sd a-do bat nd hu-nun bii, non 
 he took my bundle and yours also; see 
 also gdn-nd gdn-nd under gdn, yan-nd 
 
 under yan> — nd-e i. q. pan verbal-par- 
 ticle kd-yu mak nd-e we would die. 
 
 na 1. exclam. alas! ul-bo nyi gdn nd 
 alas! if there be petitioners? See a-tsa 
 a-ya nd. 
 
 na 2. vb. n. 1. to be injured, to be 
 dislocated as limbs, a-kd nd-non the hand 
 is dislocated; 2. to be passed (as time), 
 to be elapsed, to be gone, sd-dyak nd 
 non-ne pi-non the day has passed, it is 
 too late; — 3. vb. t. to violate as pro- 
 mise, hu-nun hu-do-sd rin-cet nd-non he 
 broke his promise. 
 
 na 3. vb. n. to be level, even, to be 
 straight, md-nd-ne adj. uneven; nd-ld 
 
 1. adv. even etc., nd-ld zuk vb. to make 
 even, to level, to smooth, 2. (also nd- 
 klya-ld) always, continually, regularly 
 lyan kat-ka nd-ld bam to remain always 
 in one place; nd-ld pi vb. to write con- 
 tinually also evenly. 
 
 nd 4. see pd-nd ignorant. 
 
 "na 5. (see also na') T. sna nose, in 
 comp. nd-fdr s. the snout of a pig mon- 
 sd nd-fdr; nd mar (T. sna nose, dmar red) 
 bleeding at nose, nd mar vi dan to have 
 bleeding at nose. 
 
 na-gron nyo i. q. nd-zon nyo. 
 
 na-nom, nun-nom see nom 1. grey colour, 
 
 2. a spec, of grain. 
 
 na-nram i. q. ndn-rdm s. a pimple. 
 
 na-nrem rik s. spec, of Acacia, ace. Wtt. 
 A. 233 '■'■ngraen rik'''' A. Intsia; nd-nrem 
 kun s. Albizzia lucida M., ace. Wtt. A. 709 
 '■'■ngraem'" Albizzia procera. 
 
 na-jfl kun or niim-jil-kun and jil-kun 
 n. of tree. Euphorbia macaranga. 
 
 na-td i. q. nye-to q. v. 
 
 na-min rik (?) ace. Wtt. K. 613 "numing- 
 rik" s. Rubus panicnlatus. 
 
 na-mdr s. a spec, of rice, nd-mor zo 
 the chief grain that is rice in opp. fam- 
 zok; nd-mdr ci mok fermented liquor («) 
 made from that rice; nd-mor ci byep rik 
 n. of creeper. Ace. Hooker 2, 198 "mo- 
 morchi" Decaisnea, D.insignisWtt.D.206. 
 
 na-zdr s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
na-zdn-nyo— na-var 
 
 na-vyar — * nat 
 
 189 
 
 na-z6n-nyo or nuh-zon-nyo or nd-gron- 
 nyo s. the goddess of procreation, wife 
 of fd-gron-fin see nmi-de. 
 
 na-ran s. a silvan spirit, wife of td-ran 
 see nyo kun nd-ran. 
 
 na-rdm, nun-ram see nd-nram. 
 na-ru (see rvi) s. nd-ru mun, ru-mun 
 an evil spirit of wasting diseases, atrophy, 
 consumption nd-rii mim-nun mak to die 
 of consumption. 
 
 na-rut n. p. the recording angel. M. 
 na-rdk kun n. of tree Amyris agallocha, 
 M. nd-rdk pa s. ace. Wtt. C. 273 Canarium 
 bengalense. 
 
 na-lan or nvn-lan s. a spec, of fungus 
 (boletus), nd-ldn dor; so nd-ldn dor spec, 
 of tree-fungus peculiar to the chestnut- 
 oak; — nd-ldn rik s. a creeper; — nm- 
 Idn pot s. seed of do., roasted and eaten. 
 na-lf pun-df s. n. pr. queen Na-li, wife 
 of rum zon pd-no; she taught females 
 the art of weaving cloth and domestic 
 duties, also presented them with the 
 sickle ban Jiur and instructed them in 
 agriculture. — nd-li pun-di fo s. the brown- 
 eared bulbul, Hemixus flavulus M. ace. 
 Je. 2, 86 "■nalUpindi" id. 
 
 na-lum (?) ace. Hooker 2, 182 "nalum" 
 Viburnum. 
 
 na-han (nd- and Jian q. v.) part. loc. 
 temp, before, kd-su fit-re-sd nd-han be- 
 fore my arrival; nd-han no go before, 
 nd-han non-ne gone before, nd-han hrit- 
 no-o go on in advance, ca nd-han first, 
 at first, ca nd-han a-ywm sd-re li-ho o-re 
 gum even the same that I said unto you 
 from the -beginning; nd-han mo or na- 
 han mot the first, the foremost, most, 
 see han-mot; nd-han-bo s. the first. 
 na-hrop see *na. 
 na-hryep see *na. 
 
 na-var (fr. Bangali, Skt. nau) s. a boat, 
 a ship P. J., see also *h'u; nd-var kii 
 vb. to manage a boat, to cause the ship 
 to sail; nd-var gyam-non the boat is up- 
 set; — nd-var kup a small boat; nd-var 
 td-li the oar of ship; nd-var tor the sail 
 of boat; nd-var (yah the praw; nd-var 
 
 dek the stern; nd-var pun the side; nd- 
 var sum-pydr the rudder, nd-var sum- 
 pydr Ion vb. to steer boat. 
 
 na-vyar (mufi) s. an evil spirit of ex- 
 citable passion, hence nd-vydr a hasty 
 mad way, nd-vydr jen-sd dyok a hasty 
 mad mode of work; nd-vydr jen-sd dyok 
 mat vb. to do work in hasty manner; 
 nd-vydr mun jen applied to a passionate, 
 excitable person. 
 
 na-vyer (see nd-vydr?) s. cracks or sores 
 at corners of mouth, a-bon-nun nd-vyer 
 pld (sores) to break out in corners of 
 mouth. 
 
 na-dn s. n. pr. of a foolish class of 
 Lepcha's, the tribes have become extinct, 
 the word is now applied to any foolish 
 person; nd-6h zd/i, nd-oh sun-van id.; 
 nd-6h-sd dyok s. awkward, clownish sort 
 of work. See M. Gr. XX n, Journ. Buddh. 
 Text. Soc. IV, 1, 5. 1896. 
 
 n&V. vb. n. to be hurt by the pressure 
 of any uneven thing as carrying a burden 
 unevenly, da-ba, ndk to feel pain from 
 some pressure (as stone or anything) 
 when lying down; (sometimes) means 
 also to feel any sort of pain, as ndk ju 
 huk-re zon nyoh to feel a pain as if 
 scratched by a thorn; — to suffer; mw 
 som ndk to feel body cramped. 
 
 nak vb. t. to gasp for, to attempt to 
 subjugate, to rough-cast, to fashion into 
 shape, a-som ndk to vb. to gasp for breath, 
 to attempt to overcome the difficulty, to 
 struggle for life, to push, to thrust, to 
 push on, to urge, td-hlam ndk vb. to push 
 forward; sd-li ndk to vb. to cut a bamboo 
 half thro' while still young, allowing it 
 to grow to maturity which renders it 
 pliant for a bow. — See td-lyd ndk. 
 
 naii 1. see mo-nan (elderly woman). 
 
 *nan 2. T. nons (from non-bd) s. a fault, 
 an offence. 
 
 *nat 1., ncit and ndt T. nad, snad and 
 . gnad vb. t. to afflict, to injure, to hurt, 
 to make mischief, a-kd not to hurt hand; 
 a-dom su ndt-tim g&n in what have I in- 
 jured you; ho md-r^d-ka ndt-ba sd-lom 
 
190 
 
 nat— ndin 
 
 nam— nak 
 
 viat-lufi ndt-Mii go yo vydt-sen (P.) asked : 
 what doing make you mischief if you 
 injure mankind? P. — ndt-ho hurtful, in- 
 jurious, noxious; ndt-tun s. harm, injury, 
 damage; ndt mun a baneful evil spirit, 
 a noxious demon; — Tb.n. to be afflicted, 
 mun-nun ndt to be afflicted by evil sp.; 
 expletive to dak: dak not to be ill, to be 
 unwell, to be injured;' dii not 1. vb. to 
 be ill, to have fever, 2. s. illness. 
 nat 2. see n^t. 
 
 nat 3. vb. n. to be winding as road 
 also from the same sense it means a 
 place apparently near but in fact far 
 lyan ndt-lun ndk; lorn ndt a winding 
 road. — a-ndt adj. contracted, drawn to- 
 gether, lyan a-ndt si said of a place 
 which appears near but is far away; 
 s. wriggling, twist, curl, a-ndt a-ndt mat 
 vb. to wriggle along as a snake. 
 
 nat 4. vb. t. to push, to push against, 
 to strive for, vyen ndt-lun hap to shut 
 the door by pushing; ndt-lun ndn to go 
 pushing along; po sd-dydr mi ndt to fire 
 off a pop-gun. 
 
 n^n vb. t. to overcome, to be able to 
 overcome, to be able to do anything; 
 go-niin hum ndn I have overcome him. 
 ndn-bo p. potent, mighty etc., fydn ndn- 
 bo a mighty warrior; dyok pryok ndn-bo 
 one potent or skilled in work. — a-ndn 
 s. trustiness, superiority in strength. 
 
 nan 2. vb. t. to be able to judge by 
 the eye, to measure with eye the distance 
 of place or the capabilites of another, 
 a-mik-nun ndn. 
 
 ndn 3. (see 1.?) vb. n. to be lusty, to 
 
 be able to procreate (as bull), Ion ndn-bo. 
 
 ndn 4. vb. t. to degrade, to humble, to 
 
 disgrace, hrim mat-sdn ndn to d. as a 
 
 punishment. 
 
 *nin 5. vb. t. T. snon^-pa) to enlarge 
 i. q. par q. v., nyot ndn to increase field 
 or cultivation. 
 
 ndp vb. to add a little, to increase a 
 little. 
 
 ndm 1. vb. to desire to ease nature 
 dyit nam, jit nam. 
 
 (ndm 2.) ndm-md or ndm ndm excessive, 
 
 great quantities, exceedingly, very, so ndm 
 
 ndm yii rain to fall in great quantities, 
 
 to fall and fall; ndm-md Id-yo excessive 
 
 sin; hu ndm ddk giim he is excessively ill. 
 
 ndm-bik and ndm-bu s. a spec, of insect. 
 
 nar 1. applied to a kind of glassbead, 
 
 ndr ndk lyak s. a black glassbead. 
 
 nar 2. see nar. 
 
 nar 3. vb. t. to grub as pig with snout; 
 nd-tar-nim ndr, fat ndr. 
 na 1. see under ndn to go. 
 na 2. vb. to be superabundant, to be 
 superfluous; na dydn to fling away what 
 is superfluous; na-liin z6m md-KHn-ne 
 there is too much, I cannot eat it. 
 
 *na 3. T. sna, see also nd, in comp. 
 na-hrop the nasal bone; na-hrep and na- 
 hryep the nasal cartilage. 
 
 *na 4. T. na(^-bd) or nad, na-h'ip see 
 under krip. *na zun tap T. nod rdsun 
 stabs (or ' debs-pa f) vb. to pretend illness; 
 na ziin tap-bo s. a maligner. 
 
 na-gf s. a small bivalve shell when 
 
 ground used as a stimulant with snuff. 
 
 na-nyi vik s. ace. W. R. 216 the fairy 
 
 blue chat, Mltava grandis, and a spec. 
 
 of flowerpecker, Irena puella ibd. 213. 
 
 na-wo or na-w6 s. the wild sheep, ace. 
 Hooker "gnow" Ovis ammon. 
 
 nak 1. (see nan to be straight) vb. t. 
 1. to make straight, as anything bent, 
 sd-li nak to straighten bow; nak-lun zuk 
 vb. to straighten anything; 2. to correct 
 (as language) rin nak-lun li vb. to correct 
 language. — nyak cans, to cause to make 
 straight etc. rin nyak-Mn li to correct 
 one's self in speach. — nak-gri (nak 
 straight and gri stockaded fort) anglice 
 Nagri n. pr. of a L. village W. 71. 
 
 nak 2. i. q. ndk, nak-nok i. q. nok q. v., 
 nak- CO 1. the black quarter, 2. black 
 arts, divination, T. nag-pyogs; — nak < 
 
 s. a black sausage; — *nak-tsii T. na^gs- 
 rtsis s. a book of auspices regarding necror 
 many, journeys etc., astrology; n.-ts.-bo 
 an astrologer, a necromancer, also n.-ts.- 
 ydm-bo, n.-ts.-mydm-bo, n.-ts.myori-bo. 
 
nan— nat 
 
 nat — nap 
 
 191 
 
 nan 1. vb. to be straight as thing, to 
 be correct, to be upright, to be just, to 
 be impartial, to be honest, to be exact; 
 s. straightforwardness, sincerity, nan-Id 
 adv. straightly, correctly, justly; nan-Id 
 to vb. to place straight; — kun nan-bo s. 
 a straight tree; — a-nan adj. straight, 
 a-nan kdl s. an earpick; straightforward, 
 upright; impartial, just, even, candid J. 
 a-nan-ka in the same line with; a-nan- 
 ka lorn vb. to walk uprightly; a-nan din 
 vb. to stand upright; a-nan mat vb. to 
 set things straight or in order; a-nan 
 nan vb. to be perpendicular; a-nan fi-ka 
 opposite to; a-nan tsdk vb. to put down 
 one above another. — nan-ldt or nan-lu 
 s. straightness, evenness, uprightness, just- 
 ness, rectitude, honesty, equity, honour. 
 — naii-to s. (the sign of straightness) 
 
 1. correctness, accuracy, exactitude, pro- 
 priety, rectitude, uprightness, integrity; 
 
 2. neatness, tidiness, nan-td mat vb. to 
 be correct, accurate, to be upright etc., 
 to be careful, tidy etc.; nah-to md-mat-ne 
 to be careless, inaccurate, to be headless 
 etc.; see also non-to; — nan-fi adv. be- 
 side b. Ka-dyd p.-sd nari-fi td-lyd dd pun- 
 ka kwr ran bam,-mun ndm he overtook 
 them encamping by the sea, beside P., 
 before B. Ex. — nan-tson T. nan-tsans s. 
 probity, honesty, virtue, holiness. — nan- 
 nd nan-nd directly upwards, above as 
 sun, tsuk nan-nd nan-nd yo sun to be 
 vertically above, to be noon. — nun-nan- 
 Id adv. straightly; nixn-nd nan-nd straight, 
 equal, correct; nan-nd tan-nd always, 
 regularly, li-ka nan-nd tan-nd ba7n-bo s. 
 one who always remains at home, a stay- 
 at-home. 
 
 "nan 2. T. nan or snarl or gnan see 
 non 2. 3. 4. 
 
 nah-ku mo or nan-lo s. a flat basket 
 used for placing winnowed grain in; 
 n.-lo fydr vb. to plait the basket. 
 
 nan-hra kun i. q. tun-hryil tsdk kun, td- 
 hril etc. 
 
 nat 1. adj. rugged, rough, knotty, vb. 
 to be rugged, po ciikpo nat knotty bamboo 
 
 abounding in joints; td-bdk wa^ a rugged 
 wrinkled belly. — piir-nat adj. knotty as 
 string, or numerous joints in cane, rugged; 
 pur-nat-ld adv. knotty, ruggedly; piir- 
 nat-ld dam, string tied with knots close 
 to eachother. — pur-nat-bu s. a spec, 
 woodgrub. 
 
 (nat 2.), a-nat s. a furrow. 
 
 nan 1. vb. to press, to press down 
 (a thing), to subdue, to overcome, to 
 oppress, Ex. nan-lun li vb. to oppress, 
 to brow-beat, nan-lun zo vb. to eat the 
 food of oppression, used in s. of "to 
 withhold" or "refuse anything" go ul-ba 
 hu nan to when I asked him he refused 
 me ; — to suppress (as passion, tears, to 
 restrain. — nan-ldt i. q. a-nan. ■ — • nan zop 
 vb. to oppress, nan zop-lun zo vb. to live 
 on oppression, nan zop-lun li vb. to brow- 
 beat. 
 
 a-nan s. pressing down, oppressing, 
 a-nan rin overbearing language, a-nan 
 a-zop s. oppression, o-re-nim mat-ltin i.- 
 kup-sdn-sd a-hryop a-lik kd-su lyan-ka 
 Uyd un go-nim Id a-nan a-zop sd-re sd 
 mi-zdr-mo-sdn-nun hd-yum nan-bo-rem si 
 the cry of the children of J. is come 
 unto me: and I have also seen the op- 
 pression wherewith the Egyptians oppress 
 them Ex. 
 
 *nan 2. T. earnestly, accurately, nan- 
 tan or nan- fen T. nan-tan or nan- fan 
 s. stedfulness, adv. zealously, ardently, 
 exceedingly, excessively, ay ok nan -ten 
 mat to work zealously; nan-ten mat-td-o 
 farewell, take care of yourself, sd-ta-ld 
 kyet-tun-re gat Id gdn nd nan-fen mat-Mn 
 CO mat-td-o if you wish to enjoy eternal 
 bliss be righteous with earnestness P.; 
 nan-ten mydn to be excessively ripe; in 
 L. "precious" "having regard for" fam 
 nan- fen fat non (I) have lost a most 
 precious article. « 
 
 nan 3. ace. W. level W. 65. ace. W. 
 na-tam cu T. ka-bur n. pr. of a mountain 
 W. 58, nan-t. c. ("level" "cut away" or 
 "plain"). 
 
 nap 1. cfr. T. nub, nub -mo s. night. 
 
192 
 
 nap— nam 
 
 'nam- 
 
 "nam-zo 
 
 evening so -nap; nap -pa luk-kd adv. 
 morning and evening, night and day, 
 nap sdn id.; luk nap luk-lun rising early 
 in the morning, before day-break; nap 
 sdn 16m mat non vb. to travel night and 
 day; — nap-pyet s. midnight; — nap-mo 
 s. the evening, nap-mo-ka in the evening; 
 
 — nap-zd s. evening, before night. 
 kur^nap s. the evening star, Venus, see 
 
 kur. 
 
 (nap 2.), pa-nap or pur-nap s. repairing, 
 retrieving, reformation, amelioration; pa- 
 nap mat vb. to repair, to amend, U p.-n. 
 mat vb. to repair a house; md-ro-sd gyu 
 p.-n. mat vb. to retrieve one's fortunes; 
 16m p.-n. mat to amend one's ways; td- 
 bdk p.-n. mat to refresh an empty stomach. 
 
 nam 1. like i. q. zon; kd-su ban a-do 
 ban nam gum my knife resembles yours; 
 
 — nam mat vb. 1. to have the appear- 
 ance of, to resemble, 2. to make believe, 
 to simulate; fo-re nam mat to do as if 
 placing; fyul-re nam mat to do as if 
 taking off. 
 
 nam 2. s. a year, nam sok klak-sd when 
 the year comes round, in the anniversary 
 P.; nam, gy6-ka by centuries; nam kd-ti 
 ten years; nam hat nydt-sd a-byek-ka in 
 the course of a few years; nam nam 
 yearly; nam fd-li n6n four years ago; 
 nam td-uydn last year; nam rel-ld each 
 year, nam rel-ld a-po rel-ld once a year; 
 nara svm-bydt next year; wawi ««-/!« what 
 year, nam. sd-fa-ld for ever; nam no the 
 old y.; nam dl or nam bu a new y., jiam 
 dl bu vb. to introduce new y. with festivity; 
 nam dl bun-bo-ka at time of new y., nam 
 ru dydn vb. to cast off old y. with festivity; 
 nam tak or tik y. to be ended; nam piit 
 id.; nam kor-ka by cycles of years; navt 
 md-ryun-nd a year of misfortune T. mu- 
 ge P. i. q. nam tok, nam tok zdk ^ y. of 
 misfortune to befall; a nam the year, the 
 present year, a nam kvp of this y. ; a nam 
 nam luk this is a good y.; a nam sak 
 md-cin-ne to reflect not on the flight of 
 time; — season, time, nam n6n-ne the 
 season is gone; nam pld the season has 
 
 come; ik nam m.d-pld-ne the s. has not 
 yet come; nam rik to be in proper s.; 
 nam, j6m an excessively rainy s.; nam 
 du i. q. tok d-u the harvest season; nam 
 turn s. time, season, nam, turn, a-uyit a-de 
 the commencement of time P.; nam muk 
 ryak in the proper s., in the natural 
 course of events, nam miik ryak-kun tam 
 grdm-md mydn the fruits quickly ripen 
 in their proper s.; — age, period of life, 
 nam kd-ti-ka at the age of ten. 
 
 nam gdn the last day of the moon; — 
 nam fr6n fo s. a bird of passage. 
 
 *nam 3. T. gnam s. the sky, the heaven, 
 namr-Ka T. nam-mlcd s. the firmament. 
 
 nam ko ace. M. nam ko nyim-bo s. a 
 friend, an acquaintance; nam ko hy6k vb. 
 to be united together. 
 
 nam-kyan or nam-kydn mun s. an evil 
 spirit, the evil sp. of destiny, nam-kydn 
 zdk vb. to be affected by n.-k., i. e. to 
 have a fit of apoplexy. 
 
 *nam-gyur T. rnam-gyur s. air, manner, 
 aspect, bearing, look, nam-gyur mat vb. 
 to affect an air, to be proud. 
 
 nam-jot s. pride, conceit, affectation, 
 vanity, nam-jot mat vb. to be proud, 
 conceited, nam-jot mat-lun I6m vb. to 
 walk conceitedly. 
 
 *nam-tok T.m/ion-rtags s. proof, evidence, 
 nam-tok nun-n6n to be proved M. 
 
 *nam-ta fr. T. rnam-mfd foreign: nam- 
 fa bik a small Gorkha cow. 
 
 *nam-t'ar T. mam-mfar s. a legend, 
 legendary lore, something that has escaped 
 the destruction of time, records, lyan un 
 md-ayit-nd-ba so nam-far g-iim this is a 
 book containing a record of events be- 
 fore the earth or waters were created P. ' 
 
 '^nam-bu T. snam-bu woolen cloth, nam- 
 bu dum. 
 
 nam-bun kuii i. q. num-hun kun. 
 
 nam-frdn i. q. ter luk-bo "the exhumer 
 of hidden treasures" "the revealer of 
 future events" "the discloser of secrets": 
 Padmasambhava P. 
 
 *nam-zi5 T. na-bzd s. hon. apparel, a 
 respectful term, applied to the wearing- 
 
nam-yar— nal 
 
 apparel of king or great person; dress, 
 clothes, hri nam-zo hon. bed-clothes; 
 nam-zd je vb. hon. to dress. 
 
 nam-yar s. conceit, yanity, pride, nam- 
 ydr mat Yb. to display conceit, to give 
 one's self airs. 
 
 *nam-yuk fr. T. gnam and yig s. 1. a 
 religious work, a divine work handed 
 down from heaven; 2. a charm to be 
 eaten. 
 
 *nam-se s. T. mam-ses "perfect know- 
 ledge" L.: the soul i. q. num-jum (see 
 jurri); nam-se dot vb. to deliver soul from 
 dead body which after incantation the 
 lama releases by pulling out a handful 
 of hair from the head. 
 
 nar 1. vb. n. to be cocked up (as nose), 
 tiik-ndm, nar-bo a snub-nose: nar bam-bo 
 id. — nd-nar-bo, nd-nar-ld cocked up as 
 nose tuk-ndm nd-nar-ld, a snub-nose; 
 a-mlem nd-nar-ld id. 
 
 nar 2. (also nar) nar-rd, nar-ld regularly, 
 systematically, equally, ndr-rd mydn vb. 
 to be well cooked to the very centre; 
 so fat ndr-rd yu-wun-sd, fdt nydr-rd hron 
 when the rain well penetrates the earth 
 will rise up soft; nar-ld v6n vb. to enter 
 uniformly, to penetrate equally every- 
 where as moisture; — nar-rd nar-rd adv. 
 or nar-ld regularly, nar-rd nar-rd tydt 
 vb. to cut small and regularly, to mince, 
 nar-rd nar-rd fa vb. to eat regularly 
 away as insect wood; nar-rd nar-rd dop 
 vb. to burn by degrees regularly away; 
 nar-rd nar-rd dyok zuk vb. to perform 
 work systematically. 
 
 nal vb. t. to beat down, pd-tun-niin nal 
 vb. to beat down with a stick; rin nal- 
 liin li vb. to repeat, to badger one with 
 repetition of words (see nyel, cans, of 
 nal?) — vb. n. to be beaten down or 
 otherwise dislocated, to lie backwards, 
 to roll backwards, zo nyot so-tap-nun nal 
 cultivation to be beaten down by hail; 
 td-go ban nal da-nyi the sleeve of your 
 jacket is lying backwards; to be bent or 
 twisted by a poke, pd-tin nal vb. t. to 
 bend stick by poking it as in wet ground; 
 
 *nal-jor— nu 
 
 193 
 
 — met. to be perplexed, to be confused, 
 a-fyak nal non sak-cin md-Eun-ne my head 
 is distracted, I cannot think. 
 
 tuk-nal witless, foolish, tuk-nal ban s. 
 "a person who follows his nose" a half- 
 witted sort of person, who whatever he 
 does keeps on doing it without desisting, 
 t.-n. zan lin-bo one who goes jabbering 
 incessantly like a fool. 
 
 *nal-jor T. rnal-byor {-pa) Skt. yogin 
 s. ascetic. 
 
 *nal-Idm T. mnal-lam hon. i. q. ■mow s. 
 a dream. 
 
 nu 1. s. younger brother cfr. T. nu(_-bo), 
 affixed in s. of family, friendship, affinity, 
 bo nu mo nu parents and their children; 
 bri nu kyol nu affinity by marriage. 
 
 a-num s. elder brother, friend (applied 
 to person older than self), ho a-do niim- 
 sd a-yu lyan-ka von-bdn a-nop lon-liin . . . 
 a-gyit plyd-o go unto thy brother's wife 
 and marry her and raise up seed G. — 
 in the above sense as in familiar 1. used 
 verbally "to be elder" as ho kd-su-len 
 num bam-d are you elder than I? — 
 num kup s. a nephew or niece (of elder 
 brother); num zon s. friends, relatives. 
 
 niim-nu lit. elder and younger brother, 
 T. nu-bo a y. br.) relations, relatives; 
 num-nu-ka fi vb. to be related; num-nu 
 a-fyen near relationship, see a-fdl; niim- 
 nu a-prya a-dum distant relationship; 
 niim-nu tyol-nO, friends and acquaintances, 
 help-mates, companions, num-nii tyol-nu 
 mat vb. to be friend, to act charitably 
 towards, to aid; num-nii num-dyen re- 
 latives, connexions; niim-nu num-ayen 
 md-tyak-nd tet implies: the evening dusk, 
 also to be in a state of drunkenness etc. 
 "so that he could not recognize his own 
 relatives". 
 
 nu 2. (cfr. T. nu-ba, see also nut) vb. to 
 suck up, to draw up in a stream, to ab- 
 sorb as cloth water; to suck as thro' 
 reed milk, blood, pd-hip-niin nu to suck 
 up thro' a pipe. 
 
 a-kup nyen nu-bo a suckling babe; nii, 
 byi vb. to suckle i. q. nut. 
 
 13 
 
194 
 
 "nu— nun- 
 
 nun — nuii-lut 
 
 *nu 3. T. mcs(-pa) (ability, force, effi- 
 cacy) neg. md-nun-nd vb. to dare, to 
 venture, to presume, to hazard, to risk, 
 to brave i. q. td, a-do tdn-dok-ka go-nun 
 kd-do-sd soh nu-so for your sake I would 
 risk my life; ho a-lom su nu mat-tun-gd 
 how dare you do this? fydn dyut-ka nu 
 to dare to fight the enemy ; to undertake 
 or engage to do anything, to chance, 
 md-ndn-nd gdn su mat nu-wiln-gd if you 
 were unable to do it, why did you say 
 you would undertake it; — nu nyim-bo 
 daring, venturesome, hazardous, risky; 
 2. courageous spirited, 3. presumptuous; 
 — md-nu-num-bo one who will not 
 venture, shy, bashful, timid, reserved. — 
 nu-ldt s. 1. daring, risk, hazard; 2. pre- 
 sumption, arrogance, 3. adventure, under- 
 taking, engagement, chance, enterprise. 
 
 ntik vb. t. to stop, to arrest progress, 
 to deny admittance; to stop as person, 
 . acts or intentions; to cause to cease, 
 md-r6 nuk nyon to stop a person; rin-jok 
 nuk to stop a wrangling; sur nuk s. a 
 sign set up to stop the approach of any- 
 one (as to a house where there is sick- 
 ness etc.); to put off, to evade, to make 
 excuses as visitor, fydn nuk vb. to put 
 off an enemy with an excuse. — nuk-ldt 
 s. evasion, excuse. 
 
 nuk- reduplic. see nyek, nok etc. ; i. q. 
 nun q. v. 
 
 -nun 1. affixed forms negative present 
 participle and is merely the -un with 
 the -nd imbodied as go Tnat-tun I am 
 doing, go md-mat-nml I am not doing. 
 2. should be n-iin, see under -un. 
 
 nun- 1. is prefixed to many words form- 
 ing substantives and pseudo -verbs but 
 I have not inserted them in the diet.; 
 the root of the words will be found in 
 their proper places; e. c. nun-de see de; 
 nun-cd see cd. See also nd-, num- and 
 the following roots: gli, cd, cu, jit:, da, 
 de, ddn, dyti, no, fa, fan, bar, ydl, ru, la, 
 sdn etc. — 2. reduplic. of nan, nek, nok 
 etc. — 3. incorr. for nan in comp. niin- 
 
 ku-mo i. q. nan-hu-mo ; nun-to i. q. nan-t6; 
 nuii-lu i. q. nan-lu. 
 
 nun 1. emphatic particle a-re su nun 
 go te what can this be; hum nun so bii 
 no convey him away. 
 
 nun 2. adj. wide-spreading kun nvn; — 
 a-nun s. a branch of antler, a cross- 
 branch of tree. 
 
 nuh-kydn, nvm-kydn i. q. mun-kyon s. the 
 stick-insect. 
 
 nuii-gi explet. to nun-go q. v. 
 
 nun -go mun or nun-go nun-gi mun or 
 nun-go nun-ju mun or num-go num-cd s. 
 the spirit of evil passions, n.-g. n.-g. mun 
 zdk vb. to be afflicted by n. 
 
 nun-grf said of a field when still fit 
 for cultivation that has not yet been 
 exhausted; nun-gri fo s. chestnut-bellied 
 thrush Orocetes erythrogastra, also applied 
 to the blue rock-thrush Petrocossyphus 
 cyaneus Je. 511; see min met fo. 
 
 nun-cuii bi s. a spec, of nun-lut. 
 
 nun-cd i. q. nan-co s. internal organs. 
 
 nun-ju explet. to nun-go. 
 
 nuii-dyen s. a spec, of cowitch, nun dyen 
 td-kryup. 
 
 nuh-naii or num-nan muk s. a plant. 
 
 nuh-ndii bi i. q. num-nan muk. 
 
 niin-ndm muk s. name of plant. 
 
 nuii-puk fo or num-puk fo or niim-pydk 
 fo s. a bird, Grammatoptila garrulus 
 streaked jay-thrush Je. 2, 11. 
 
 nuii-fun fo for run-. 
 
 nun-bf expletive to nun-cun. 
 
 nuh-bu said of a new cultivation nUn- 
 bu nyot: nun-gri nyot. 
 
 nun-ma s. the call to animals, ntin-md 
 ma vb. to call ditto. 
 
 nun-yan or mlm-ydn s. Hades, the place 
 of departed spirits, n.-y. niin-lit id. niin- 
 ydn niin-lit pik sdm or n.-y. n.-l. dek bar 
 p'ik sdm vb. to prepare the fate of the 
 soul in Hades by purification. See mii.k- 
 nyam lyan. 
 
 nun-zen fo i. q. ndn-zen fo. 
 
 nun-lit see niin-ydn. 
 
 nun-lut s. 1. name of a plant, the seeds 
 
nun-lo — nun 
 
 nun — num 
 
 195 
 
 of which are used as medicine, n.-l. nyi- 
 cun a variety, n.-l. nin'i-cun another v., 
 n.-l. nyok a pseudo-ji.-Z. another v.; 
 2. i. q. lun-liit soap. 
 
 niin-lo see nan-lo i. q. nan-hi mo. 
 
 nun-lyen no s. the guardian spirit and 
 bestower of good gifts to man kd-fdn-fi, 
 see mut; Id-yo mat-so-ba nun-lyen-no rum 
 a-yum tsut-so hum nydn-nd when about 
 to commit sin, your guardian spirit will 
 protect you, listen to him. — nun-lyen-no 
 rip s. a small bush with scented root. 
 
 nuh-a rik s. a spec, of creeper. 
 
 nun- (or num-) cim zo s. a spec, of grain. 
 
 nun-ol rik for kd-ol rik. 
 
 nut, a-nut s. the mucus in which a 
 child is enveloped. 
 
 -nun (-wa-Mw?) cfr. -un in the Luschai- 
 dialect; postp. forms 1. the instrumental, 
 cf. T. -kyii etc., Newari: -se-nani, Hind, -ne, 
 indicating the personal subject (agens) 
 of the action, go-niin a-dom li I spoke 
 to you, litly. "it was spoken by me to 
 you'', han-td pd-no-niin li-ba then the 
 king said P. — 2. the ablat. cf. T. -nas, 
 -las from, by, through, out of, a-d6p lyan- 
 nun sd-ar kiip kat a kid from the flock 
 G. h6 kd-sii-niin fop you got it from me. 
 — hiim tsdn-don-nUn ren kdn they brought 
 him hastily out of the dungeon Ex. tin- 
 nun dor-je-lin-ka from the plains to Dar- 
 jeeling. — a-re-niin pld-wHn it is owing 
 to this. lyan-nUn po to depart from the 
 place, un-kyon-nixn hik kd-kydk ndk-ba 
 a-ryum mdn-sum-bo hron-lun pon-ka zot- 
 bam there came up out of the river seven 
 wellfavoured kine and fatfleshed; and they 
 fed in a meadow Ex. mi-nun ak pluck 
 it out of the fire, a-jdn-niin a-ryum Mm 
 to select the good from the bad. — a-re- 
 nun through this, owing to this; go a-re- 
 niin ddk-bam through this I am sick; — 
 o-re-niin mat-ren hH bryan d. ydn tik 
 therefore called she his name D. G. — 
 i. q. -len q. v. a-re-niin pldn-ka more 
 than, used in comparison as td-so-niin 
 pldn-ka gon dearer than yesterday. 
 -nun affixed to verbs with md- pre- 
 
 ceding forms negative imperative, as md- 
 mat-nim do not, which apparently is the 
 -nd imbodied in the -Un as md-mat-tun 
 or md-mat-niin. 
 
 nun 1. used for negative ml 3. q. v. go 
 mat md-nun-nd gdn. 
 
 nun 2. vb. to push, to press against, 
 to squeeze thro' md-ro nor-ka niin bH non 
 to go along pressing thro' a crowd; ^ja- 
 zok-ka nitn-lu/l non to squeeze thro' jungle. 
 
 nun 3. name of the final n P (Lepcha- 
 alphabet). 
 
 nup 1. vb. n. to be covered with water, 
 nyot un niip nyon flood the field with 
 water; hlo pUm-byon-nUn niip -non the 
 hill is overspread with clouds; hH din- 
 pan dom-fom-bo-pdn Id td-lyd-dd-ka niip- 
 non his chosen captains also are drowned 
 in the sea Ex. 
 
 nup 2. see also niim 3., nvp-pd ni/p-pd 
 soft, fine, smooth. 
 
 nup-sdr ace. Wtt. "-^nupsor" 1. Cinna- 
 momum obtusifolium, see sun-sor "Wtt. 
 C. 1165. 2. Lindera pulcherrima Wtt. 
 L. 375. 
 
 num- 1. pref. forms nouns e. c. niim- 
 sim-nyo num-bam see under sim, nikn- 
 prum s. an old woman, nUm-lyen s. a 
 young woman, nUm-vom s. copulation, 
 c. -mo suff. frequ. Tbr.-compounds: niim- 
 l6p-mo Tbr. i. q. td-ayO,, niim-or-mo Tbr. 
 i. q. zo men; niim-nal-mo i. q. saA, nikn- 
 jur-mo i. q. mon; niim-fyen-mo i. q. ci, 
 nUm-sdl-mo i. q. tuk-mo-sd fam mlo. See 
 the following roots: kd (kat), kan, jit, 
 jil, jam, nyi, nyek, nor, fan, fyefi, fran, 
 bam, but, bri, bren, tsUrn, tsUr, zdr, rek, 
 lop, lyen, hul, hon, hlep, hlo. Mot, vyen, 
 so, Ml, san, si. 2. i. q. niin-, nd- q. v. — 
 3. reduplic. e. c. niim-nom i. q. nd-nom 
 grey colour. 4. incorr. for nam in comp. 
 e. c. num-kyon for nam-kydn, niim-ta for 
 nam-fa, niim-zd for nam-z6, nivm-ydr for 
 nam,-ydr. 
 
 -num 1. affixed to verbs with the pre- 
 ceding md- forms negatives and appears 
 to be the -nd with -md (sign of present 
 tense) imbodied as kyon-dyit md-nyin-nuH 
 
196 
 
 num— num-fyum 
 
 num-dak— num-bun 
 
 md-go-num-o (or md-go-nd-md-6) I am 
 not wanting in pity; ma num yo or ma 
 nd md yo it is not thus, it will not do. 
 See md-, ma-, -md-o. — 2. i. q. nun 2. 
 assimilated form before -bo, as md-nyin- 
 num-bo one not possessing, go md-nyin- 
 num-bo I am not one possessing; ho md- 
 nyin-num-bo thou art not one possessing; 
 hu md-nyin-num-bo he is not one p.; kom 
 m,d-nyin-num-bo not possessing money, 
 poor. 
 
 num 1. see nii 1. 
 
 num 2. vb. t. to be expert, to hare 
 aptitude, dyok num to be expert at work. 
 
 adj. larger, dyo len a-num a-num mat. 
 
 num 3. vb. n. to be soft, to be tender, 
 to be yielding, to be flexible, ki yap niom 
 soft wool, po num-bo a pliant cane; — 
 also met. to be tender or sore, to be 
 sensitive, to be suffering from pain, md- 
 zu num body to feel stiff or sore as 
 from rheumatism; a-lutnum adj. sensitive, 
 tender-hearted; — to be gentle, to be 
 tractable, to be compliant, to be manage- 
 able, a-kup num-bo a tractable child. — 
 a-num adj. soft, tender. — num-md num- 
 md adv. softly, velvetly. See also niip. 
 
 *num 4. T. snum^-pa) s. 1. oil; grease, 
 num hrun-ka vyek kon to cause the test 
 of boiling oil to be applied (to prove 
 a person's innocence or guilt whether 
 he be burnt or not); num'tser vb. 1. to 
 express oil, 2. to weep, to shed tears 
 Tbr.; 2. a spec, of bean, num tuk-byit 
 i. q. num-tsu tuk-byit "the rich bean". 
 *num-tsu T. snum-rtsi s. the juice of fat, 
 grease, n. pr. of a village, angliee Namchi 
 "the government of the fat site" W. 71. 
 — num-tsu tuk-byit i. q. niim 2. — niim- 
 fok "the fat hollow" n. pr. W. 71. of a 
 L. village. 
 
 num-kum s. name of 10th month. 
 
 num-ca expletive to num-go q. v. 
 
 num-fyan s. a wandering bard cfr. miin 
 fydn s. a clerical bard. 
 
 num-t'yar expletive to vyen q. v. 
 
 num-t'yum for nyi-fyum s. cheeks, the 
 molar bones. 
 
 num-dak or num-dak zo i. q. kHm-dak zo, 
 sun-dak zo, s. a spec, of grain, very small 
 and very productive; kiim-dak zo zdn\ 
 met. very much a-do rin kiim-dak zo zdn 
 md-mat-tun do not talk so very much. — 
 The species oiniim-ddk are very numerous, 
 there are as follows : sd-lo dyur niim-ddk, 
 kd-cur or bon jur, kiin-tek-ro niim-ddk, 
 ba-ddn n.-d., td-jit n.-d., tam-i n.-d., fdt- 
 ji n.-d., sd-Jm tuk-Um n.-d., pa-td n.-d., 
 kiim-dak nok, niin-dm n.-d., pHr-myak-gri 
 n.-d., tun-kun n.-d., mor kikn-dak, san- 
 rik n.-d., td-lin n.-d., miiii-gu it, pitm-fit. 
 — niim-dak or kiim-dak nop see nop 2. 
 
 num-dft ndm fo s. n. of bird, the white- 
 throated fantail Leucocerca fuscoventris 
 Je. 451, the wine-bearer to the fo pd-no 
 the king-bird, the nUm-bon on fo (Lepcha 
 legend) M.; acc.W. R. 216 ^'■nm-dit-nong" 
 a spec, fly-catcher, Rhipidura albicollis. 
 
 num-pan s. a spec, of gryllus nvm-pan 
 nyom. 
 
 num-pyak fo s. name of bird, striated 
 jay-thrush; Grammatoptila striata. 
 
 niim-pryik fo or num-prek fo s. n. of bird, 
 the munia, Munia acuticauda M., ace. Je. 
 2, 356 '■•■mm prek-pho"; ace. W. R. 218 
 '■'■nam prek" Pyrrhula nepalensis, "AZo 
 n. pr." Pyrrhula erythrocephala. Also 
 sUm-prek fo. 
 
 num-prum s. an old woman, niimr-prum 
 niim-prum a very old woman. 
 
 num-pluh see tHk-nyom. 
 
 num-fdk-mo s. a race of Lepchas, the 
 inhabitants of niim-fok in Sikhim; they 
 possessed a distinct L. patois, but have 
 become now infused with the other race. 
 
 num-bf (^pd-lyixTn) s. a spec, of Conops. 
 
 num-bfm pa-yul for bim pd-yul. 
 
 num-bu sa-ru s. a spec, of fish. 
 
 num -bum i. q. tUn-bUm pd-la s. a spec. 
 Amomum. 
 
 num-but adj. pale red (colour), hik n.-b. 
 
 num -bun s. n. of tree, Pterospermum 
 acerifolium, n.-bun dum id.; n.-buii hyir 
 id. (red); n.-bun ayU id. (blue); n.-bun 
 nydk pseudo-; niim-bun lop s. the leaf; 
 an 8 anapiece Tbr. 
 
num-ber— num-la 
 
 num-len— *nup 
 
 197 
 
 num-ber (?) ace. Wtt. 0. 516 "numbei-" 
 n. of tree, Osbeckia crinita; see tun-bram, 
 tuk-bram. 
 
 num-bok i. q. num-bon tuk-nyom. 
 
 num-boii see tuk-nydm. 
 
 num-bon ace. Wtt. G. 287. 5. Gmelina 
 arborea. 
 
 num-bol s. a spec, of black ant (large 
 head) i. q. rum-bol. 
 
 num-bdn kun s. n. of tree, Rottlera 
 tinctoria M.; Mallotus albus ace. Wtt. 
 M. 66 (or E. alba); n.-b. kor Mallotus 
 nepalensis, Wtt. M. 69; — n.-b. -don kun 
 see {a-')d6n id. q. n.-b. kun. — num-bon 
 kur-ydk-fo s. name of bird, the water- 
 ouzel, Hydrobata asiatica M. Je. 506. — 
 nwrn-bon on fo or num-bon pd-no on fo 
 s. name of bird, the spec, of the drongo 
 (king-crow) Bdolius paradiseus; ace. Je. 
 434 Bhringa remifer; it is also called 
 the king-bird, see also num-dit nom-fo. 
 
 — num-b6n don bik s. a spec, of beetle. 
 
 — num-bon dan leprosy, num-bon doh- 
 bam-bo s. a leper Tbr. 
 
 num-bydn kuii s. n. of tree, spec, of 
 mxulberry, ace. M. Morus serrata, aee. Wtt. 
 M. 756 M. indica. See mik-krap. 
 
 num-brit tuk-nydm s. a mole-cricket, 
 Gryllotalpa. 
 
 niim-bru kun s. n. of tree, spec. Maea- 
 ranga M., ace. Wtt. "wwrnro" M. denti- 
 culata M. 9. 
 
 niim-bren see nyot. 
 
 num-tsam s. the name of 8 th month. 
 
 num-tsu s. a bean, see tuk-byit and num. 
 
 num-zin mun '■'■ndmzing mung" s. a thar 
 of the L. people H. H.Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 num-yii or num-yu tuk-nydm s. a locust, 
 n.-y. t.-ny. dop s. a flight of locusts, ti.-y. 
 t.-ny. dop sd-tsuk td-dyur tet nyi-md there 
 was a flight of locusts that obscured the 
 rays of the sun. 
 
 num-yu muk n. of plant Ageratum cordi- 
 folium. 
 
 num-yo see tuk-nyom. 
 
 num-ran-bo: a-kup n.-r.-ho s. eldest 
 daughter. See nu 1. 
 
 num-la see tuk-nyom. 
 
 num-len explet. to num-fan. 
 
 num-sar explet. to num-jiim (jum). 
 
 num-sdk see tuk-nyom. 
 
 num-sdr i. q. sun-sor kun. 
 
 num-on n. of a spec, of Gryllus. 
 
 num-on tuk-nydm s. Mantis religiosa. See 
 zo-s6p num-on. 
 
 num-'ayu for num-yu. 
 
 nur, niir-rd nur-rd gently, nur-rd ntir- 
 rd li vb. to speak gently, nur-rd niir-rd 
 zuk vb. to work gently. 
 
 nul vb. to be soft, to be yielding, to 
 be tender, as flesh of child, to be supple: 
 num; man nul bam the meat is tender; 
 tam-kup wan zo gdn nul- so if you eat 
 the meat of young animals it will be 
 tender; — nul-ld nul-ld or nul-ld nol-ld 
 soft (as flesh, biscuit, bones of young 
 animals). 
 
 nu (nu-f) explet. to dyu, dyu nu s. fight, 
 battle; — nut explet. to dyiit, dyut nut 
 s. id. 
 
 nuk s. a band for supporting child or 
 its cradle; kyuii nuk s. 1. a cradle, sup- 
 port, 2. the womb Tbr.; dyen no nuk s. 
 a support for a child. 
 
 nun s. 1. a guest, a visitor, a stranger, 
 2. visit, nun jin-dok guest and host, nun- 
 ka non vb. to go to visit, nun-ka laf vb. 
 to come as guest; nun vyen s. a stranger, 
 guest, nun-ka nuk vb. to deny admittance 
 to a visitor. 
 
 nun i-i speaking to a baby an ex- 
 pression to frighten, do not do so, a 
 stranger is coming will carry you off. 
 
 nut 1. s. a spec, of earth. 
 
 nut 2. see under nu. 
 
 *nut T. nud(-pa) s. the act of suckling, 
 nut ri-nom s. the smell of ditto. 
 
 nun 1. vb. to pinch, see a-nyor. 
 
 nun 2. old L. s. straw, in comp. with 
 zo: zo nun straw, fodder. 
 
 nup 1. vb. to press down, to oppress, 
 nup-lun dam vb. to tie down firmly, kat- . 
 nun kat nup one to oppress the other; 
 — to grasp, to lay hold of, to clench, 
 pyil-ld nup vb. to seize a grasp of. 
 
 *nup 2. T. nuh s. the west; nup-kon id.; 
 
198 
 
 num- 
 
 'ne 
 
 ne— no 
 
 *nup can T. nub hyan the northwest; 
 nup hlo T. nub hlo the southwest. 
 
 num 1. vb. to press down, Ian-nun li- 
 cap-ka num to p. down a roof with stone. 
 
 num 2. s. a debt, a loan, num cik vb. 
 to pay debt; num fan vb. to discharge, 
 to pay off debt; num-nun prok to be 
 plunged in debt; num-nun dam to be 
 oppressed with debt; num-nun fdr vb. to 
 be released from debt; num byi vb. to 
 lend, nuTn hyin-bo s. a lender; num tson 
 vb. to demand debt, to dun, num tson- 
 bo nuk vb. to put off a dun; num zdk 
 vb. to be in debt, num zdk-bo s. a debter; 
 num ryak vb. to dun; num lyo (to) vb. 
 to borrow, num, lyo fom-bo s. a borrower; 
 num ul vb. to ask a loan, num dok-bo 
 s. a creditor. 
 
 nur i. q. nor and nor q. q. v. 
 
 nul 1. vb. to knead, Jcu nul to k. bread, 
 td-i nul Ex. 
 
 nul 2. s. a spec, of cane, rii. nul spec. 
 Calamus. 
 
 -ne affixed to verbs with md- preceding 
 forms negative as U to speak, md-li-ne 
 not to speak; if the vb. is combined with 
 a postpos. e. c. -so (fut., except yam-o, 
 yam-md-o etc.) or followed by a particle 
 (gdn if etc.) -nd is written. See -nd, 
 md- and -n II, III. 
 
 *-ne fr. T. -nas (ace. M. Gr. 52) sign of 
 pluperfect affixed to non: non-ne gone, 
 mok-non-ne (it) is consumed P., yit-ci- 
 ne-yam-o i. q. yit-ci-n6n-yam-(md)-o (they) 
 had been astonished P. 
 
 ne 1., n£ ne (infant. 1.) lie, lie down 
 (said to child). 
 
 ne 2. vb. t. to knead, to mass together, 
 td-i ne to knead flour; to rub between 
 hands md-zu ne. 
 
 *ne 3. I. s. T. gnas a place, a cave, 
 a cavern; a place of abode, a sacred 
 place, ne-ld nan vb. to reside in one 
 place; ne-ld nan-bo s. a resident of a place; 
 — ne-kor T. gnas-skor s. a pilgrimage, 
 ne-kor-bo, ne-kor bam- bo, ne-kor non-bo 
 a pilgrim, ne-kor ndn vb. to go on 
 pilgrimage; ne-ter s. treasure, ne-ter-sd 
 
 lyan s. a place of treasures, ne-ndn T. 
 gnas-snan s. "the inward country", n. of 
 Sikhim, ne-ma ydl T. gnas-ma yul or ne 
 (-s«) lyan n. pr. "the country of caves" 
 Sikhim W. 55, M. X. II. vb. T. gnas(-pa) 
 vb. to perform, to act up, to obey, ryak- 
 ka ne to act up to oath; rin-cet-ka ne 
 to act up, to promise; kd ne vb. to act 
 up or obey order. 
 
 ne 4. T. sna chief, principal, ne-bo T. 
 sna-bo s. an officer, a chief. 
 
 ne 5. T. rnaf, ne-kon s. a kind of ear- 
 ring, ne-gyon s. a kind of blue stone, 
 worn as ornament. See also nd. 
 
 nek i. q. nok, nuk-nek and niik-nyek adj. 
 crimson, purple, nuk-nek tet jak to scratch 
 till skin becomes inflamed. 
 
 nek onom. the call to a pig: n^k-kd 
 nek-kd, a-nek or tam-nek (Tbr.) s. a pig. 
 
 neii incorr. for nyen. 
 
 net 1. vb. to be twisted, to be curled, 
 convoluted, to be spiral. 
 
 *net 2. T. nad s. disease, net zur-bo s. 
 an ailing person. 
 
 *net 3. T. gnad s. the main point, the 
 essence, the importance, the properties 
 of a thing, the appropriate qualities, the 
 peculiarities; kun rip net s. botany, kun 
 rip net-ydm-bo s. a botanist; — net-ydm- 
 bo one skilled in, a scientific person, 
 a-zom net-ydm-bo an epicure, li-sd net 
 md-fyak-ne not acquainted with archi- 
 tecture; the effect, the consequence, 
 the result, net gyiim-ld li vb. to speak 
 cautiously, having an eye to the con- 
 sequences, net ndk-lUn dyok zuk vb. to 
 work carefully, cautiously. 
 
 net-td incorr. for nye-to. 
 
 nen, nem, nel incorr. for nye-. 
 
 no 1. 2nd p. sing, and pi. imperat. of 
 ndn q. v. 
 
 no, no-t 2. vb. n. to move along on 
 buttocks as person lame on both legs, no 
 bit ndn to go moving along on buttocks. 
 — sd-not-ld adv. creeping, sd-not-ld non 
 to creep as worm. 
 
 no 3., no no s. timidity, shyness, bash- 
 fullness, modesty, no no mat vb. to be 
 
''no- 
 
 'nor 
 
 nol— ndk 
 
 199 
 
 timid, to be shy, to be modest, no no 
 nyim-bo s. a modest shy person; no no 
 md-nyin-ne without fear or timidity; no 
 no md-nyin-nmn-bo one without timidity, 
 bold, impudent. — nun-no i. q. wo no. 
 
 *no 4. T. mo (sharp) vb. t. to sharpen 
 as knife ban no. 
 
 no 5. s. a cradle, a hammock (a basket 
 generally used) for child dyen no. 
 
 no 6. T. mno(-ba) vb. to think, to 
 reflect, to consider; no-cen T. mno-caxi 
 thoughtful, sharp, intellectual, nyin no 
 "to think poison" to bear malice, to be 
 spiteful, to be animose. — no met T. mno 
 med (without thought, foolish) much, too 
 much, superfluously, excessively, no met 
 byi vb. to give too much, to exceed. 
 
 nok 1. s. a headstall, made of cane etc. 
 for carrying child or any load on back; 
 nok-sd bu vb. to carry by do.; see dor 
 ka, {yak ka. 
 
 nok 2. vb. t. to stuff into (as mouth), 
 diim nok to crimp cloth, 7iok-lun zo vb. 
 to eat pushing into mouth by degrees 
 as sausage. 
 
 nop vb. t. to muffle up, to cover over, 
 to place upon, a-fyak nop vb. to cover 
 over head; a-kd nop-lun tsam to muffle 
 up hand and seize hold ofP. 
 
 (not), sd-not-ld see under no 2. 
 
 nor 1., redupl. nd-nor-bo adj. squat in 
 figure, small and stout, nd-nor-ld nan 
 nyi to be lazy, slow, like a fat figure. 
 
 *nor 2. T. nor{-ba^ 1. s. error, mistake, 
 confusion, a blunder, a fault, fallacy, nor 
 mat vb. to make a mistake, to err; 2. vb. 
 to err, to blunder, go nor-run md-nyin-ne 
 it is not my fault; pi-ba nor {bam) vb. 
 to make a mistake while writing; lorn 
 nor non vb. to mistake the road; to de- 
 bauch a woman; nor fe id. T. nor "tegs 
 "to overstep in error"; to be unripe 
 (applied to fermented liquor); to be in 
 the period of saccharine fermentation ci 
 nor. — a-nor adj. raw, fresh, unripe (as 
 new spirit [chi]). 
 
 *nor 3. T. nor s. wealth, valuables, 
 substance, fortune; *nor-bu, nor-pu T. nor- 
 
 bu s. a precious stone, a gem, jewel P.; 
 (nor-pu) to-ka Id sd-re gat go-wun-re bi- 
 ka T. yid bzin-gyi nor-bu a jewel that 
 grants every wish, Skt. cintdmani P.; 
 nor-pu-sd md-zii s. a person of great value ; 
 
 — nor nyim - bo one possessing wealth, 
 valuable, opp. nor md-nyin-num-bo poor, 
 without value. — nor dik s. wealth, riches. 
 
 — *nor-den T. nor-ldan adj. possessing 
 wealth, wealthy. — *nor-ddk-bo T. nor- 
 bdag adj. possessing wealth, md-ro nor- 
 dok-bo ryu-wun-sd mlo md-nydt-tun-o when 
 a wealthy man is good do not exhibit his 
 goods (but his goodness) as an example. 
 
 — nor in Tuhbor in the s. of "food for" 
 as sd-rydk nor food for the tiger-cat i. e. 
 fowls, sd-cak nor f. for the leopard i. e. 
 dogs, sd-t'dn nor f. for the tiger i. e. cows. 
 
 — nor-mo i. q. num-n.-mo a pig Tbr. 
 (nol), pd-nol and pun-nol vb. to kneel, 
 
 pd-nol tsdk nan vb. id., pd-nol non-Id mat 
 vb. to kneel and get up as in salutation. 
 
 nd vb. t. to lengthen, to increase in 
 bulk, to augment (size), to extend, to 
 enlarge, to expand, to amplify, pun-jen 
 no-lu'/l t'o vb. to beat iron into bars. 
 
 *nd 1. s. T. gnod malice, spite ani- 
 mosity, illwill, n6 zdk vb. to be male- 
 volent; no bu id.; no md-ld-ne to be un- 
 able to bear malice. 
 
 * nd 2. T. ana (sua ts'ogs, see mi), mi-no 
 people, subjects J.; pd-no-sd mi-nd the 
 subjects of the king. 
 
 ndk 1. vb. t. to separate the flesh from 
 bone, to skin, to bark as tree; to de- 
 prive, a-(un nok vb. to skin; kun pi 
 nok vb. to bark tree; man nok vb. to 
 deprive bone of flesh; met., gi-co Tiok 
 vb. to fleece a man of his goods. — to 
 expel, to drive away applied chiefly of 
 mun : to send it back to the person, who 
 sent it mun nok vb. to cast out evil 
 spirit lyan-nicn nok vb. to drive out of 
 the land, to banish, l.-niin nok- bo an 
 exile, nok dydn vb. to drive out, to 
 expel. 
 
 ndk 2. (T. nag) vb. n. to be black; 
 to be dirty; to be bad, nok non to have 
 
200 
 
 *ndk— ndii 
 
 ndfi 
 
 become black, dirty ndk-ld mat vb. to 
 make black, expresses: much, great of 
 any thing, bad as nok-kun-sd hryim s. 
 heavy punishment; n6k-kun-sd ^et-bo s. a 
 heavy fine; nok-bo adj. black, dirty, evil, 
 severe (bad); mi nok in sense of the "low", 
 the low people; — ndk-ldt s. 1. black- 
 ness, 2. badness, evil, intensity, severity 
 of badness. 
 
 Deriv. a-nok adj. 1. black, 2. dirty, 
 3. bad, evil, I6m a-ndk the path of vice, 
 lyan a-nok the place of evil i. e. hell, 
 also applied to a distant country; — niik- 
 nok or nuk-nek adj. black, cfr. T. nag- 
 nog; — td-ndk adj. black, td-nok td-hi s. 
 a spec, of dark-coloured crab; tuk-ndk 
 id. q. td-nok. 
 
 Comp. nok nye s. an atrocious act, 
 atrocity, nok nye-bo s. a great criminal; 
 — nok mdn s. a spec, of millet; — ndk 
 tun-krok s. spec, of fern; — nok tyan adj. 
 dark, black, mow n6k tyan black pig, 
 n.-t.-tam-hlyok s. a spec, butterfly; — nok- 
 lum kun s. a tree, nok-lum pot fruit of 
 do., edible; — nok-lum kun s. a tree, ndk- 
 lum pot fruit of w., not edible; — nok sdr 
 s. a monster, a hobgoblin. 
 
 *ndk 3. T. snag s. ink, nok-bum T. snag- 
 bum s. an inkbottle, an inkstand, *n6k- 
 tsd, nok-tid T. snag-tsa s. ink, ndk-tso 
 nyo-gu s. ink and pen, writing materials, 
 ndk-tsd tycip vb. to dip (pen) into ink, 
 n.-ts. tyu vb. to make ink; ndk-tso nu 
 vb. to suck up ink as blotting-paper; 
 ndk-tso zuk or 7i6k ts6 zuk sor vb. to run 
 as thin ink into blots. 
 
 ndn 1., pret. ndn; imp. 2nd p. s. and pi. 
 no; hortat. 2nd p. s. na; interrog. non-d; 
 fut. n6n-tdn etc.; non-sd-o (Istp.s.); negat. 
 non (md-ndn-ne); cans, nydn or ndn-kdn. 
 T. 'pyin-pa, 'byon-pa etc., hon. can. 1. to 
 go, to go away, to go forth, to proceed, 
 hd sd-ba ndn-niin-d where are you going; 
 lik ndn profectus, ut vocaret, "gone to 
 call"; kd-yu-do rum-ka fat-sdn-ka ndn- 
 kon-nd le let us go, we pray thee, .... 
 and sacrifice unto the lord, our God Ex.; 
 ndn euphonic alteration of ndn before 
 
 m, n, ndn md-Kun-ne (he) cannot go; — 
 in s. of to move or remove as si din ndn 
 or si ndn to remove household property; 
 
 — nydn cans, of ndn to cause to go, to 
 let go as hum md-nydn-nHn-io) do not 
 let (him) go; kdm nydn to spend or cause 
 money to go; nydn when affixed to verbs 
 gives a transitive sense dp nydn jdk vb. 
 to fire ofP, glydt nydn to let fall; 2. to 
 be effective, jap-tsu a-tsdm-ka md-tidn- 
 ne the scissors will not cut the hair, a-re 
 kd-su-sd md-ndn-ne this will not do for 
 me; to pass; to be swallowed, zo fan 
 sdn si yan-ld a-bdn sd-grek sd Idm-niin 
 fdr-lUn md-ndn-ne-yam-o when any food 
 is found it cannot be ingested through 
 the attenuated gullet P.; 3. ndn pret. of 
 ndn to be caught in noose or snare; 
 fo ndn the bird is caught; nydn caus. in 
 sense of passive to be caught in, to stick 
 in, to get fixed in as bone in throat 
 a-hrdt sd-grek-ka nydn; fish or bird in 
 net etc.: fo vydr-ka nydn; — 4. to be 
 changed, hu kri ndn it has become bitter; 
 5. to become, to grow, go jan ndn-so I 
 shall become poor; iin e-no-sd nam sd- 
 dyak nam-gyd kd-kydt sd fd-no ndn nun- 
 sd mak-ndn and all the days of Enos 
 were nine hundred and five years and 
 he died Gen. — ndn past time of ndn 
 gone, went, affixed to a few verbs (vb. n. 
 in opp. to fat q. v.) gives a past tense, 
 mak ndn dead, to be dead, m.ak non-gum 
 (he) is dead; as Am a-ba ti ndn he has 
 arrived here; hu mik-krap ndn he has 
 fallen asleep; hu kdm Ink ndn he has ex- 
 pended the money; l.-nun hii-do gyek cet- 
 ndn ydn si-lun hii-do td-ayu vyet z.-mum 
 lyo-bdn hum ay. yu-ka byi-sdn when L. 
 saw that she had left bearing she took 
 Z. her maid, and gave her J. to wife G. 
 
 — ndn-ne expresses a pluperfect and the 
 past of ndn gone: has or had gone, also: 
 become, became, nam kd-ti ndn-ne ten 
 years ago or gone; hH sd ndn-ne or sd 
 nun ndn-ne he has become well; zo gun 
 ndn-ne all the rice is expended i. q. zo 
 gun mdk ndn-ne; — 6. in sense of an 
 
"ndn 
 
 'n6n 
 
 201 
 
 eTent to befall; non md-dydr-ne not to 
 be successful, non md-s6m-ne to go un- 
 designedly. 7. to be, a-lut-rom-bo cet- 
 nyim-bo bon-ka non-bam the coward under 
 the protection of the strong is bold; ka- 
 Id md-mak-nuH sd-ba non td where among 
 us exists (is, goes) the man who is not 
 mortal; 8. i. q. sak non to remember, 
 non kon yb. to cause to remember, to 
 remind; kd-yu non ren within our re- 
 collection kd-yu non ren md-yd-num-bo re 
 we cannot remember it, it is not within 
 our recollection; md-non-ne not to re- 
 member, to forget, md-non-ne non vb. 
 to become insensible, to become in- 
 conscious, non lat vb. to remember, to 
 come to mind; sak-cin non-Id mat vb. 
 1. to recollect also, 2. to bring to re- 
 collection, to remind. 
 
 na 1st p. pi. imp. of non let us go, 
 a-yu-do go-sd na-o go ye with me, or 
 rather: let us go together yourselves and 
 myself; na-le or na-ya precative: let us 
 go, do let us go. 
 
 noh adv. "going" i. e. about, kd-ti non 
 about tea; non-sd id., non-det "just about 
 to go", about, mydn-sdn non-det just 
 about ripe nearly cooked, non s. going, 
 non-kon or noh-fi s. direction of going. 
 
 Deriv. non or a-non s. departure, go- 
 ing; destination etc. in comp. — non-ren 
 since departure, non gat rem sak-cin-ban 
 CO mat-td-o think of your inevitable path 
 (death) and practise religion. P.; non 
 iyan place of destination or place, means 
 of going, kd-sii-sd non- Iyan md-nyin-ne 
 1 have no place to go to or no means 
 of going; kd-m-sd mlo non-lyaii md-nyin- 
 ne I have no place to lose it, I cannot 
 lose it; a-ndn sd-ayak s. the day of de- 
 parture. 
 
 non-bo s. 1. a goer; 2. postp. aux. 
 passivi, M. Gr. 50. non-bo-pdn goers, said 
 of anything as people, money for ex- 
 penses; non-zon s. companion, tion-bo 
 n.-z. the merchant and his companions. 
 
 *n(5n 2. T. gnan{-ba) hon. vb. to give, 
 to grant, to allow, -pd-no non (the Icing) 
 
 to give, kd-yu su-rem non ce grant us 
 our request; ko non hon. vb. to give the 
 word, to command, to order; see tun-ce; 
 s. gift pd-no non s. the g. of king. 
 
 *n6n 3. T. snan(-ba) (light, brightness) 
 the Lepchas use it in the s. of value, 
 regard, love, a-lum-sdn rum-ka non md- 
 nyin-ne most men do not bear love to 
 God: have not the light of God. Chr. — 
 non mat vb. i. q. non-to mat. — ^non-cen 
 T. snan-can (being full of light) valued 
 as non cen-sd mlo a valued article ; estim- 
 able, worthy, dear; *ndn-ce T. snan-ces 
 (much light) much valued, very dear, 
 beloved, non-ce mat vb. t. to prize, to 
 value greatly, to love, to revere, to adore, 
 non-ce mat-nyim-bo adj. precious, revered, 
 beloved; — *n6n met T. snan med destitute 
 of 1., a despised article, valueless, non 
 met mat vb. t. to despise, to disregard; 
 non met mat-nyim-bo adj. contemptible, 
 valueless, despisable; — *n6n-td T. snan- 
 rtags s. care, attention, regard, judgment, 
 discretion, honour, non-to mat vb. to 
 have regard for; to be careful, to be 
 cautious, to be judicious, non-to md-mat- 
 ne to be careless, regardless of, to be 
 imprudent; kd-sii a-bo-ka non-to mat iin 
 a-yu-niin kd-siim non md-mat-ne I honour 
 my father and ye do dishonour me J. 
 
 *ndn 4. T. nan 1. the interior, the in- 
 side, 2. dwelling, house, non-ka in the 
 midst, amongst, in, hd-yu hu-do non-ka 
 dyu-bam they fight among themselves, 
 sak-ddk-sd non-ka bam to be in the midst 
 of grief, to be plunged in gr.; used in 
 superlative degree as a-re gun-nd len 
 non-ka ryu this is best of all, md-ro- 
 sdn-sd non-ka hu ti he is the greatest 
 of men; privately non-ka U to speak 
 privately opp. to pd-on-ka li. 
 
 Comp. non gyek s. met. "au inward 
 birth", a birth of near relative; — *n6n- 
 c6 T. nan-ca s. the intestines all within 
 the body, ndn-co-sd ddk s. an internal 
 disease or injury. — * non- tan T. nan- 
 don s. internal or obstruse sense, occult 
 meaning, mystery, theology. — *n6h tuk^po 
 
 13* 
 
202 
 
 ndt— ndp 
 
 ndm— ndm 
 
 s. internal rope or link, a combination, 
 an alliance, a league, a confederacy, 
 n. t.-po mat vb. to combine together, to 
 plot; n. t.-fo ma-wun-sd secret com- 
 bination, conspiracy. — *ndn-fun T. nan- 
 mfun s. reconciliation, internal agree- 
 ment, concurrence, n.-f. mat vb. to agree, 
 to be in unity; — *ndn-dun T. n.- and 
 'dun(-pa) a. argument, debate, discussion, 
 n.-d. mat vb. to argue, to discuss, to 
 debate, to contest; — *ndn-tson T. naii- 
 tmns see nan-tson. — *n6n-zen s. a do- 
 mestic servant J.; Tbr. : a wife, non-zen 
 fo s. the domestic bird, a sparrow; — 
 non zon s. the inmates of the house. — 
 non-hruk T. nan-Urug s. internal com- 
 motion, sedition, civil war, ndn-hruk sor 
 civil war to extend. — See also nan. 
 
 (ndt 1.), pHr-ndt-ld adjly. short and 
 clubby, clumsy. 
 
 ndt 2. vb. n. to be undecided, to be 
 undetermined, to be wavering; rin not- 
 lun li vb. to speak undecidedly. — a-n6t 
 adj. undecided (in speach), rin a-not li 
 vb. to speak undecidedly. 
 
 ndt 3. s. a stage in journey, a resting- 
 place in j.; also a journey; ndt kat a single 
 stage or a s. day's journey; not-ka n&h 
 vb. to go on a journey; not nan vb. to 
 be a sojourner, n.-n.-bo 1. s. a traveller, 
 2. a sojourner; ndt bam vb. i. q. n. nan; 
 not-ka tsum vb. to meet on journey; not 
 gut s. a stage, a journey; not li s. a stage- 
 house, an hostelry. 
 
 ndt 4., or^ot explet. of dak q. v. a-ddk 
 a-not cfr. T. gnod. 
 
 ndp 1. old L. s. the wind, nop kiip s. a 
 breeze, ndp-mo s. a great wind, a tempest, 
 nop-mo a-Um a great storm, a hurricane. 
 
 ndp 2. applied to spec, of the bug kind 
 (Scutata, Heteroptera etc.) the following 
 are some of the spec, nop tsor s. a bug 
 Heteroptera, kHm-dak nop a. a spec, of 
 rice-weevil (small), pa gdn or po gdn ndp 
 s. a spec, of beetle (lives in bamboo), 
 mun ndp a. a spec, of woodlouse, zo ndp 
 s. a spec, of weevil, on ndp a. a spec, 
 of w. under stone. 
 
 ndm 1. cfr. T. mnam(-pa), vb. to have 
 a smell, to smell, 2. s. a smell, md-ndm- 
 ne there is no smell; a-H ndm it smells, 
 there is a smell, there is a bad smell, 
 a stink; kot ri ndm there is burnt smell 
 as of meat; jop ri ndm there is a smell 
 of singing as of feathers, hair, leather; 
 fim ri ndm a. an oppressive smell; nut 
 ri ndm there is a smell of suckling, fdn 
 ri ndm it smells fresh as of new mown 
 hay; rip ri ndm a. a smell of flowers. 
 
 Deriv. fam-ndm a. a smell, fam-n/ka 
 md-gat-ne not to like the smell. 
 
 tuk-ndm or tun -ndm s. the nose, tuk- 
 ndm dym vb. to snuff, to scent, tHk-ndm 
 dyun-ld ryak vb. to s. as dog; tuk-ndm 
 pdk vb. to be without nose (as nose 
 eaten by venereal disease); tHk-ndm luk 
 vb. to raise the nose, to be victorious; 
 tuk-ndm-niin{^sd') nydm vb. to snub, to 
 smell; tHk-ndm-niin nyi-Mp run zdk vb. 
 to run at nose, tiik-ndm-niin Idt vb. id.; 
 tuk-ndm-nvn sdr vb. to sneeze; ti/k-nom 
 kun-kon-ld adv. (with) aquiline nose, tHk- 
 ndm nd-nar-ld a snub-nose, a cocked-up 
 nose, tuk-ndm pd-bydr-ld hollow sunken 
 nose, tuk-ndm md-mlya-ld s. a flat nose, 
 tick-ndm sd-sar-ld a sharp nose (narrow), 
 tiik-ndm kun s. the bridge or rather ridge 
 of nose, tak-ndm nyo a. snot, t.-n. nyo 
 hin vb. to blow nose, tiik-ndm fyii s. the 
 hollow (depression) on each side of nose ; 
 tak-ndm ram a. the bridge of nose or 
 the junction at forehead; tiik-ndm hryep 
 i. q. nd-h.; tiik-ndm hrop a. the nasal bone; 
 tak-ndm art a. the nostrils. See nd-. 
 
 nydm caus. of worn 1. to smell tiik-ndm- 
 niin nydm; a-re nydm-md smell this, zo- 
 luii md-zo-ne nydm-lUn dydn so (lit. to 
 eat nothing but to smell and fling away) 
 to eat heartily Tbr. 2. s. an ulcer, a 
 sore, nydm pld (ulcer) to appear, to have 
 sore, nydm sd (sore) to heal; nydm him 
 a foul, putrid ulcer. 
 
 ndm 2., nUm-ndm a dark purple blue, 
 niim-ndm-ld black and blue as from extra- 
 vasation of blood, bruise, niim-ndm-ld (tet') 
 lyiip vb. to beat a person black and blue. 
 
ndm— ndp 
 
 hdl— ndl 
 
 203 
 
 ndm 3. vb. t. to reach, to overtake, to 
 arrive at, to extend to, ryak nom vb. to 
 follow and overtake a person, so-sa-nvn 
 nom-mun when you are overtaken by 
 the fine weather or when it gets fine; 
 tok tet n&m vb. to reach the end; a-kd 
 nom tet yan vb. to stretch out hand as 
 far as it can reach; miin-kyek vyon-ha mik 
 cam md-nom-ne when it flashes (lighten- 
 ing) you have no time to shut your 
 eyes; — nyot zuk-ba so myati-nun nom 
 when preparing the cultivation to be 
 overtaken by the rainy season; — U-ka 
 nom to arrive at the house, to reach to 
 the h. ■ — to have leisure, to find op- 
 portunity, ayok zuk md-nom-nd gdn to 
 aydt-td if you cannot find time to do 
 the work, leave it; c. krit to feel hungry, 
 krit nom s. hunger; — a-ndm whatever 
 comes to hand, as sd-re a-ndm lyo take 
 what you can get. 
 
 ndm 4., a-ndm s. elder sister, (a-')n6m 
 klip elder sister's child, niece, nephew; 
 nom cum-bo the youngest elder sister; ndm 
 byek-ho the third elder sister (daughter); 
 nom rdn-bo eldest sister; nom hlep-bo the 
 second elder sister. 
 
 *ndm 5., ndm-bo T. mam, mam-pa s. 
 species, sort, kind, '^nom-bo cen T. mam- 
 pa can consisting of sorts. 
 
 ndm kun s. a tree, nom p6t s. fruit of 
 do. (not edible). 
 
 ndr 1. vb. t. to sweep or clean away 
 rubbish, nor dydn vb. to sweep away; 
 s. the place where rubbish is thrown; 
 dirt, rubbish, li nor s. the place near the 
 house for r., ayit nor s. a dust-hole, a 
 dung-hill, a privy. 
 
 ndr 2., a -ndr s. herd, flock, troup, 
 numbers, quantities, bik nor a herd of 
 cows; kun nor a cluster or numbers of 
 tree; vb. to be giddy, to swim as eyes: 
 
 a-mik nor; — n&r-rd n&r-rd in herds, 
 flocks etc., so that the eye is confused 
 md-rd n.-rd n.-rd ndn people to go in 
 numbers; so n.-rd n.-rd yu rain to fall 
 in great quantities; fo n.-rd n.-rd lam s. 
 a flight of birds, bik ndr-rd ndr-rd ndn 
 cow to go in herds; un ndr-rd ndr-rd 
 ndn water to flow rapidly and in great 
 quantities. 
 
 ndl 1. s. n. of fish, no ndl Silurus 
 pungentissimus. 
 
 ndl 2. vb. n. to be half new and half 
 old, to have been worn or used as cloth 
 etc. dum ndl ndn; to curl up as paper, 
 edge of book co kin ndl-ndn i. q. ful-non 
 to be dogeared; to be worn by rubbing, 
 to be stale by repetition (speach); ban 
 fo ndl edge of knife to be turned back- 
 wards. — vb. t. to discard, to renounce, 
 to repudiate, to push or cast aside (as 
 anything old or useless, to cast off, Mem 
 ndl vb. to clear away jungle from field; 
 a-zdm a-rydm ndl vb. to cast aside re- 
 mains of food. 
 
 ndl dydn to push and fling away, to 
 discard, to renounce, to repudiate, to 
 reject, ndl dydn-nun renunciation, re- 
 pudiation, dissipation, waste, kdm jer 
 ndl dydn vb. to squander money, k. j. 
 ndl-dydn-bo s. a spendthrift. 
 
 ndl 3. see under nid. 
 
 (ndl 4), tuk-ndl s. a snail (Helicidae), 
 tuk-ndl td-gak s. the s. and shell; tuk-ndl 
 ndk s. a spec, of small s., eaten by the 
 Mechi's, tvk-ndl dum s. a spec, of large 
 s., tiik-ndl rdn s. the horn (tentacle) tHk- 
 ndl hyo s. the slime of s.; vdn t.-n. a slug 
 (Limax), tuk-blo t.-n. spec, of snail. 
 
 ndl 5., pd-ndl or pvn-ndl s. a present 
 made to relatives or equal, pd-ndl mat 
 or byi vb. to give a present. 
 
204 
 
 pa— *pd 
 
 pa-kf— pa-grat bu 
 
 pa the thirteenth letter of the L. alpha- 
 bet, T. ij; it is pronounced as the Eng- 
 lish p. 
 
 pa 1. prefix forms nomina (substantiva, 
 adjectiva and c. -Id (postp.) adverbia from 
 roots: see under the following roots: kip, 
 kok, kom, krat, krot, kret, gok, grok, gron, 
 gryul, glet, ci, ciii, cet, jd, (ja), ji,. jit, 
 jum, jut, nyam, nyi, nyit, tarn, tin, tun, 
 tek, tok, tot, top, (am, tar, fyam, (yu, nd, 
 nap, nol, nol, man, mlyd; tsat, tsum, zok, 
 zok, yu, ruk, lik, Ivk, lot, lop, lyii, lyup, 
 hdn, Mn, hu, hop, hon, hydk, hydt, hyur, 
 hyon, hran, hrak, hrun, hrdk, hrdn, hryu, 
 Ida, hlam. Mum, hl6n, hlyu, hlyiit, hlyum, 
 hlyok, hlyom, sdn (son), sun, sd, sok, sol, 
 mk, sim, sil, a, dm, aydn, ayo e. c. pd- 
 tam s. plain, fr. tam plain, pd-tuk s. (red) 
 tiara fr. tiik to cover over, pd-krat point- 
 ed fr. krat to have pointed edges; etc. 
 See piik-, pun-, piin-, pur-. — 2. reduplic. 
 See under the roots: pdk, pdf, pat, pap, 
 pal, pu, pop, p6, pram, plan, plu, plup, 
 plydk, plyu, plydt, fon, fyum, fyok, frok, 
 pi, hd (ha), bar, bak, bat, bal, bik, bu, bok, 
 bot, bom, bor, bol, bydp (hyep), byup (byop), 
 byer, byop, brap, brit, brut, brok, brot, brom, 
 brya, hryu, bryuk, blu, blyot, blyo, blyot. — 
 3. in comp. i. q. po bamboo cfr. pd-gryeh 
 and po-gryefi, pd-kyon, pd-iyut, pd-hip etc. 
 
 pa vb. to be slow, to be inattentive, 
 heedless, sluggish; to sulk, pd-Mn nan 
 to sit still and pay no attention, when 
 spoken to; pd-Mn ayok mat vb. to work 
 in a sulky manner; t'am-ba pa not to 
 answer when called. 
 
 *pi T. spos s. francincense, incense. 
 pa c6p kyop vb. to sprinkle incense, pd 
 fak vb. to fumigate with i., pd fan vb. 
 to burn incense; — pd-k6 T. spos-dkar s. 
 balsamic resin, used as incense, the gum 
 of the Amyris agallocha. — pd-po T. spos- 
 po s. Indian spikenard. — pd por T. spos 
 por s. a censer. — pd-hren or pd-hreii or 
 
 pd-Tiryerl s. a mixture of different incenses 
 formed into a rod or mass T. spos-ren. 
 
 pa-kf s. 1. a spec, of garlic, pd-ki muh- 
 gu id.; 2. a spec, of yam pd-ki buk; 
 3. a spec, of Aconitum pd-ki nyin. 
 
 pa-kf to or piik-ki fo s. the black bulbul, 
 Hypsipetes psaroides M., W. R. 213, Je. 
 2. 77. 
 
 pa-kfp and pun-kip s. the armpit, pd- 
 kip-ka pit bu vb. to carry under arm. 
 
 pa-ku i. q. pd-ki nyin M. 
 
 pa-kup s. a spec, of yam, of rather in- 
 ferior sort also td-kup. See also kHp. 
 
 pa-ku and pUn-ku s. the wing of bird, 
 the fin of fish, pun-ku suk-luA lam vb. 
 to fly in line, keeping time with wings 
 as wild geese. 
 
 pa-k6n or pun-kon s. a spec, of sugar- 
 cane, pd-kon pd-am. 
 
 pa-kyoii "cane" "village" n. pr. of a 
 village W. 72. See po and pd- 3. 
 
 pa-kyd s. steps, stairs M. 
 
 pa-krak see pa-krak. 
 
 pa-g^n for pa-gdn. 
 
 pa-gu, puk-gu, piin-gu: pd-gu bik s. a 
 large cow from Nepal M. 
 
 pa-gu t'am-blyak s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 pa-gu (or piir-gu-) kun s. n. of tree, 
 Calosanthes indica. 
 
 pa-gun or pHr-gun kun s. n. of tree M., 
 pd-gun rik s. a large creeper Bauhinia 
 Vahlii, pd-gun rip flower of B. V. 
 
 pa- go bu or pUk-go bH s. a spec, of 
 woodgrub, found in bamboo. 
 
 pa-gom or piir-gdm s. a plant, p.-g. 
 nyom leaf of p.-g. M. 
 
 pa-gdk bu or pun -gok bH, s. a spec. 
 nyun-bii. 
 
 pa-gdn see also po-gdn; pd-gok nop see 
 nop 2. pd-goh pd-am spec, of calamus. 
 
 pa -gran or pd-gren s. a plant, spec. 
 Sida, pd-gran Tnuk M. 
 
 pa-grat bu or pd-gret bu or put-gret bu 
 s. a spec, of black snake. 
 
pa-gruk— pa-tu 
 
 pa-tu— pa-fok 
 
 ■205 
 
 pa-gruk for pru-guk s. dust, pd-gruk 
 sdn-non dust to fly about. 
 
 pa-glin s. a spec, of good yam. 
 
 pa-no or pun-no s. a spec, of bulbous 
 plant, pd-no mut, used as medicine. 
 
 pa-cak (-la) adv. almost, nearly, a little 
 more, pd-cak kd-ti almost ten; pd-cak 
 mak-non almost dead; pd-cak fi to be 
 nearly arrived; pd-cak gdn if a little 
 more, nearly, pd-cak gdn mydn-non if a 
 little more it would be ripe: nearly ripe. 
 
 pa-cak (6(>) or pur-cak (bii^ s. a spec, 
 of insect (caterpillar), cooked and eaten 
 byL.'s. 
 
 pa-cfm bu s. a spec, of caterpillar, cim 
 bv, pd-cim fam-blydk s. a spec, of dark 
 butterfly with light blue spots. 
 
 pa-cel s. species of bamboo M. 
 
 pa-cd 1. for pa-c6, piin-co, 2. a spec, 
 of bamboo- M. 
 
 pa-jfk, puk-jik or pur-jik s. the tree- 
 fern, Alsophila gigantea ace. Hooker 2, 13 
 A. spinulosa; Polypodium giganteum M. 
 
 pa-jfm, pur-jim s. the arm, the thick 
 part of fore-arm below the elbow and 
 above kd-pek; see under kd. 
 
 pa-ju i. q. pe-ju kun. 
 
 pa-jdk, pu7i-j6k or piir-jok s. name of a 
 spec, of bamboo, pur-juk som s. the farina 
 of do. causing worse irritation when 
 coming in contact with body. — pd-jok 
 bu s. a spec, of snake. 
 
 pa-nyar s. a spec, of yam (buk) of in- 
 ferior kind. 
 
 pa-nyel, pur-7iyel see cm pd-nyel fo. 
 
 pa-nydm, pid-nydm s. an old man (in 
 Mscpts. also incorr. pdt-nyom), pd-nyom 
 tok s. old age. 
 
 pa-tf or pur-ti s. spec, of Osbeckia, 
 tun-brap pd-ti; — un pd-ti s. a spec, of 
 bird, see un\ — pd-ti s. 1. hemp, 2. tow 
 for string, pd-ti tvk-po a hempen rope. 
 
 pa-tun s. a small bowl. 
 
 pa-tun s. a spec, of yam, Dioscorea 
 spec, p.-t. rik s. a creeper. 
 
 pa-tum s. a bamboo-cup or bowl. 
 
 pa-tu or put-tu s. a blow, pd-tu kyop 
 vb. to strike a blow, kd-tdp-sd pd-tu kyop 
 
 vb. to strike a blow with fist, go a-do 
 put-tu bo-so I shall give you a beating. 
 
 pa-tu s. a species of bamboo po pd-tu. 
 
 pa-tdn 1. for pa-ton q. v. 2. for po- 
 td/i q. V. 
 
 pa-tdp or piit-tdp s. the neck, pd-top 
 lydk md-ryu-ne to have stiff neck; pel- 
 top ol vb. to have sprained neck; pd-top 
 dek vb. to break one's neck. 
 
 pa-tdm, pd-tom set vb. to make a test 
 of speed etc. by spitting on a board and 
 if a person sent on business returns be- 
 fore the spittle dries, good and well; 
 if not he is punished. 
 
 pa-tyan or pfin-tydn s. a term given to 
 epiphytic plants, air-plants as Bromelia. 
 
 pa-tydk bu s. a name of hairy caterpillar. 
 
 pa-tydm s. a species of bamboo. 
 
 pa-fa or pfni-fd s. a fillip, also fillip 
 from a piece of stick, pun-fa op vb. to 
 fillip; pUn-fd zdk vb. 1. to receive fillip, 
 2. to be poisoned, also to be haunted by 
 evil spirits Tbr. — pi'm-fd sd-U s. a small 
 pellet-bow formed by the spring from a 
 piece of bent bamboo. 
 
 pa-tin s. n. pr. a district in the north 
 part of Sikhim; pu-fin-nw s. the in- 
 habitants of ditto. 
 
 pa-tit or pinn-fit s. applied to a spec, 
 of bush-warbler p.-f. fo. — jmm-fit ni)m- 
 dak s. a spec, of n.-d. 
 
 pa-t'i'm or pvt-fim or pun-fim s. a lay- 
 man, one unacquainted with religion and 
 exorcism, etc. the laity; pd-fim pd-na 
 id. ; p.-f. p.-jia-sd belonging to the laity 
 
 pa-fun s. 1. the upper and lower cross- 
 sticks of a loom, on which the warp- 
 threads are stretched; 2. Orions belt i. q. 
 nimi-jit hik bum see jit. 
 
 pa-fum s. a dibble e. c. to plant grain: 
 zo pd-fum\ siJLn-li pd-fum s. a stick for 
 catching or releasing net when entangled 
 or caught under stone etc.; pd-fum-nun 
 mdl vb. to dibble; pd-fum boh s. the 
 hole made by dibble; pd-fum la vb. to 
 point pa-fum. 
 
 pa-fok s. a small vessel for holding 
 bird-lime dyok pd-fok. 
 
206 
 
 pa-fyan— pa-no 
 
 pa-fdk— pa-zdk 
 
 pa-tyan s. the exploding of bamboo as 
 when burning jungle, pd-tyan grik s. the 
 noise of exploding bamboo, pd-tyan bu 
 vb. to burst with noise. 
 
 pa-t'yut s. a bamboo vessel for holding 
 ci, ci pd-fyut sd pd-hip s. a t7'-vessel and 
 pipe for imbibing. 
 
 pa-dan for pun-ddn. 
 
 pa- dam s. a large spec, of bamboo, 
 Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii (N. et A.) from 
 which watervessels (un pd-dam chonga's) 
 and marwa-jugs {^pd-hip') are made. W. 71. 
 ■^pd-dam-tam n.pr."the pa-dam bamboo- 
 bank" n. pr. Anglice Badamtam W. 71. 
 
 pa-dii 1. see piir-du. 
 
 pa-du 2. see pa-dii sun-kri. 
 
 pa-duii i. q. ruk-dun: pd-dun tun-krok s. 
 a spec, of fern. — pd-dun bu s. an earth- 
 worm cfr. td-rek, pd-dun bu ml vb. to 
 glide along as p.; pd-dun bu zon sdl-non 
 to glide along; to have connexion with 
 female (unperceived) Tbr. 
 
 pa-dum or pun-dum s. a spec, of very 
 fine yam p.-d. buk. 
 
 pa-na adj. ignorant pd-nd kup M. 
 
 pa-na s. expletive to pd-fim (i. q. pd- 
 nd?). 
 
 pa-no (see pun-di Sch. 8) s. a king, 
 T. rgyal-po, pd-no z6n kinglike, kingly, 
 pd-no-nun tun-dar top to receive from 
 king the privilege of beating drum; pd- 
 no hrim-len co hrim U the laws of re- 
 ligion precede the laws of king; pd-no 
 ju-Kri-ka tsdt vb. to rise to the throne 
 as to sit or to attain to it by rank; pd- 
 no mat vb. 1. to act the king i. e. to 
 reign, 2. i. q. pd-no lydk to imitate the 
 king, pd-no lydk-bo s. one who does so; 
 pd-no m vb. to address king, pd-no m 
 den ky&p to depredate by presents; ap- 
 plied as a respectful term to any great 
 man; Tbr.: the sun pd-no t'dt-ndn the 
 sun has risen; Christ J.: kd-yu md-si ydn 
 a-re dal fom-bo pd-no ydn-re-sd tsum we 
 have found the Messias, which is, being 
 interpreted Christ. 
 
 pd-no kup, pd-no {-so) kiip s. 1. a kings 
 child, a prince, a princess, T. rgyal-bu, 
 
 2. a small king, pd-no tim-bo T. rgyal-po 
 cen-po an emperor Skt. maharaja P.; 
 pa-wo(-sa) kum di/n s. presence of king; 
 pd-no kyon s. a kings city, a capital; pd- 
 no (-sd) tem-bo s. the government; pd-no- 
 sd pd-tun s. the staff of great man; pd- 
 no(-sd) fyum s. the awe-inspiring appear- 
 ance of king, the majesty of k.; pd-no- 
 («a) nam-zo s. the apparel of k.; pd-no 
 suk-jo s. the crown. — pd-no fo ace. M. 
 i. q. num-bon fo s. the king of birds, 
 Edolius paradiseus, applied also by L.'s 
 to any large and peculiar spec, of bird, 
 ace. Je. 434 '■'■nambong punnong" i. e. 
 "royal bird" Bhringa remifer. — pd-no bu 
 s. the king of snakes, Boa constrictor M. 
 
 pa-fdk or pur-fok s. a spec, of bamboo, 
 Pseudostachyum polymorphum. Wtt. P. 
 1342. 
 
 pa-mar s. a spec, of rice mm, pd-mdr 
 nd-mor zo eat p. and n. rice. 
 
 pa-mfm or pur-mim 1. a spec, of very 
 small ant p.-m. tuk-fyil, 2. i. q. p.-myum. 
 
 pa-mut or pur-mut "without joints" as 
 pd-ydn inside, pd-ydn p.-mut jointless p. 
 (spec, bamboo) Calamus; p.-miit pa-am 
 s. sugarcane. 
 
 pa-mum, pum-mum s. a spec, of bamboo 
 Wtt. A. 1532. Arundinaria racemosa. 
 
 pa-men s. mint. M. 
 
 pa-mdi-bu s. n. of a black snake not 
 venomous, pd-mol pd-son s. a spec, of 
 fern used as a pen, spec. Adiantum. 
 
 lik-m^dk, pur-myak, pul-myak s. Thamno- 
 calamus spathiflorus Wtt. T. 379. 
 
 pa-zit, pd-zdt buk s. a spec, of yam. 
 
 pa-zdm i. q. pd-6n, pd-6n pd-zdm 16m 
 tsum vb. to meet in a secluded place 
 i. q. to meet clandestively as lovers Tbr.; 
 pd-zdm mat vb. to ease nature. 
 
 pa-zu i. q. pa-zu s. a spec, of hawk, 
 pd-zu kup a king's son Tbr. 
 
 pa-zul or pa-zul s. a piece of cloth to 
 cover the privities i. q. fon. 
 
 pa-zen i. q. pa-zen. 
 
 pa-zor, pum-zor or kum,-zor s. a spec, 
 of gourd used as a ladle (p.-zor pum). 
 
 pa-zdk, puk-zok s. the jungle, forest; 
 
pa-ya— pa-rok 
 
 -pa-rd— pa-lit kuii 
 
 207 
 
 n. pr. of a L. village W. 71; p.-z. buk s. 
 a spec, yam, Dioscorea. 
 
 pa-ya; tun-ji pd-yd kurl s. a spec, of 
 ficus. 
 
 pa-yaii, pa-ydn and pum-ydn s. n. pr. 
 of a spec, of bamboo Cephalostachyum 
 capitatum, from which arrows are made 
 Hooker 1, 158; Wtt. C. 925; W. 73; 
 fd-yoH kan "bamboo-ridge" n. pr. of a 
 locality in Sikhim; pd-yon nyom the 
 leaves of the C. good for horses M.; 
 pd-y6n kun n. pr. of tree ; pd-yon muk s. 
 a plant, pd-yon bi s. the same eaten as 
 a vegetable; pd-yon pd-miit i. q. pd-miit; 
 pd-yon mun s. an evil spirit, the sp. of 
 dysentery, called pd-yon rum apparently 
 out of respect for him thro' fear of his 
 formidable attacks; — pd-ydn ka-lut s. 
 the coralbilled scimitar-babbler Pomato- 
 rhinus ferruginosus Je. 2, 29, R. 211 also 
 the rufous-necked do. P. ruficoUis and 
 P. erythrogenys. Je. 2, 30. 
 
 pa-yii-no or pd-dyu-no s. hamster M. 
 
 pa-yuk s. a sword J., pd-yuk sd lop s. 
 and shield, pd-yuk a-hyu a naked s., pd- 
 yuk son s6n a blunt s., pd-yuk lyap vb. 
 to brandish s., pd-yuk vya hu vb. to wear 
 s. hanging on side. — Comp. pd-yuk ka 
 s. a sword-belt, pd-yuk kin s. the back 
 of s.; pd-yuk kun-ra s. a scimetar; pd- 
 yuk gli s. the haft of s.; pd-yuk dor s. 
 a shoulder-belt for s.; pd-yuk dol s. a s.- 
 knot or ornament; pd-yuk ply an s. the 
 point of s.; pd-yuk fut s. the hilt of s.; 
 pd-yuk fo s. the edge of s.; pd-yuk blyoti 
 s. the flat side of s.; pd-yuk hyam s. a 
 sheath of s.; pd-yuk let a sharp s. 
 
 pa-yel s. 1. n. of snake pd-yel bii, 2. in- 
 corr. for yel kun. 
 
 pa-ydk or pun-yok s. an assistant or 
 attendant of mun; a Levite Chr.; — mun 
 p.-y. or p.-y.-bo s. an assistant to priest. 
 
 pa-ri see under buk. 
 
 pa-ril i. q. pd-rel. 
 
 pa-rufi see under buk. 
 
 pa-rei-bu or pum-rel-bu s. a fabulous 
 large watersnake. 
 
 pa-rok i. q. po-rok, po-ruk; p.-r. a-ci 
 
 the young shoots of bamboo dried and 
 eaten. 
 
 -pa-r6 an affix which bears much the 
 same meaning as dyum-ba or -pa q. q. v. 
 It sometimes also bears the meaning of 
 -pu or lydk (lyok) possibly, probably, mak 
 pd-7'6 he will die or he may possibly die. 
 
 pa-rdn or pun-ron s. a spec, of fly, a 
 blue bottle-fly, a blow-fly p.-r. vyan fyit 
 vb. (blow-fly) to eject its' maggots. 
 
 pa-ryum or piun-rytim s. a stick (a twig 
 of tree) covered with birdlime c'lyok, for 
 catching birds. j}.-r. tsdk vb. to set p.-r. 
 
 pa-ldp explet. to sd-hu q. v. 
 
 pa-la see tuh-brap p)d-la, nuvi-biim pd- 
 la applied to species of the Amomum. 
 
 pa-lak kun s. a tree, Wtt. 0. 522 (gum 
 extracted for adhesive use), Ostodes 
 paniculata. 
 
 pa-Ian ju rik s. name of creeper, spec, 
 of Smilax? 
 
 pa-Ian bdk fo s. the red-tailed thrush, 
 Planesticus ruflcoUis pd-lan tarn bdk fo. 
 
 pa-lam kun n. of a tree. 
 
 pa-lf 1. s. a thin slip of bamboo used 
 as osier for raddling basket and for string 
 pd-li mik the outside of the slip of cane; 
 pd-li buk the inside. 
 
 pa-lf 2., put-li or piin-li s. the shoulder- 
 blade, the scapula; pd-li tup s. the 
 humerus, pd-li fik s. the shoulder-joint; 
 pd-U hrat s. the shoulder-blade; pd-li 
 zum s. the juncture at back of scapula; 
 see pum pd-li\ 2. a shovel Tbr.; s. the 
 place where bees build their nest, piit-li 
 tsdk md-Mn-nd prov. "the bees cannot 
 fix their nest" expresses that a person 
 cannot perform what he wishes Tbr. 
 
 pa-lf 3. s. an expletive affixed to kd-ju 
 a dog. 
 
 pa-lf 4. ("pale") n. of a tree, Acer 
 Hookeri Wtt. A. 336, pd-li nyok Q'-pale- 
 gnyok") A. sikkimense Wtt. A. 349. 
 
 pa-lin i. q. pi-lin s. snuff. 
 
 pa-lit s. a flute nyi byok pd-lit s. a double 
 flageolet; pd-lit fop vb. to play on fl. 
 
 pa-lit kuii s. a tree, Marlia begonifolia 
 M. Wtt. M. 289. 
 
208 
 
 pa-Iek— pa-sa 
 
 pa-su— pa-am 
 
 pa-Iek s. a parcel of ground J. 4. 5., 
 see lek. 
 
 pa-lok tuk tuk s. a low sloping-brimmed 
 cap used on ordinary occasions. 
 
 pa-lop bf s. wild buckwheat, Polygonum 
 cymosum M. Hooker 2, 31. 
 
 pa-l6k bf s. n. of plant. M. 
 
 pa-l6n bu s. n. of a snake (red belly, 
 not venomous). 
 
 pa-l6n kun s. n. of tree. M. 
 
 pa-ldrn bdk fo s. the mango-bird, Oriolus 
 kundoo. See also md-lam b.-fo. 
 
 pa-ly^ii s. a spec, of coleopterous insect; 
 if it makes its appearance when ci is 
 being made, it is considered auspicious, 
 the chi will be good; but pd-lydn. 
 
 pa-lyok s. Symplocos racemosus Wtt. 
 S. 3062. 
 
 pa-lyon s. n. of kind of cap, pd-lyon 
 tiik tuk s. a broad brimmed cap, used 
 as a protection against sun and rain. 
 
 pa-vak or pur-vak 1. s. n. of creeper 
 p.-v. rik. 2. pd-vak nyom a spec, kd-fydr. 
 8. a cup or box made of bamboo. 
 
 pa-va or pur-va rik s. n. of creeper, 
 f.-v. pot s. fruit of ditto. 
 
 pa-vfii s. 1. n. of spec, of snake (springs 
 fr. trees). 2. a spec, of Amomum. 
 
 pa-vok or piir-vok fo s. 1. large racket- 
 tailed drongo, Edolius paradiseus Je. 436. 
 2. pd-vok rik or piir-vok rik n. of creeper. 
 
 pa-vdt bu s. n. of spec, of snake. 
 
 pa-hfp s. marwa-jug, a tube, a pipe, a 
 syphon made from pd-dam-hamhoo W. 71 ; 
 ci pd-liip nil vb. to suck chi thro' pipe. 
 
 pa-hdr see kd-hor kun. 
 
 pa-hydt see kd-hdr kun. 
 
 pa-hryuk bu s. the cobra de capello, 
 pd-hryuk bH-sd tuk tok a. the hood, of c, 
 pd-hryuk bu-sd tuk tok don don {dari dati) 
 hroi'i Tb. to erect the hood. 
 
 pa-hlydk bu s. the n. of a poisonous 
 snake (very sluggish), pd-hlyok bit bon- 
 re gyon gdn tsuk-so if you trouble the 
 pd-hlyok snake, it will bite, do not 
 carry matters too far, prov. not to ex- 
 asperate. 
 
 pa-sd s. 1. spec, of bamboo, generally 
 
 used with pd-s6n\ 2. a spec, of maggot 
 pd-sd-ba,. 
 
 pa-su 1. s. n. of a small spec, of bamboo, 
 2. adj. beautiful, elegant, comely, pleasant 
 to behold, lyan pd-su pd-dm a pretty place. 
 
 pa-sum bu s. a spec, of snake. 
 
 pa-sdn s. 1. spec, of bamboo; 2. a line 
 or rope or cane thrown across a stream 
 to facilitate the passage of a raft or boat 
 pd-sdn fyen vb. to draw one's self across 
 stream by p.-s. 3. a line or course (of 
 time or distance) 7nd-rum p.-s. s. the c. 
 of one's life. 
 
 pa-som s. n. of plant (spec, of grass), 
 the leaf of which irritates the skin causing 
 itching; pd-som nyom s. the leaf of ditto. 
 
 pa-Sf kuii s. n. of tree; pd-si tUn-krok 
 n. of spec, of fern; pd-si {p6) s. a spec, 
 of bamboo. 
 
 pa-sfn bu s. n. of a snake, spec, of 
 grass-snake. 
 
 pa-Suk bu s. a spec, of wood-louse and 
 some species of myriapoda. 
 
 pa-§um s. a spec, of snake. 
 
 pa-Sen n. pr. a tree-fern, Alsophila late- 
 brosa Hk., the pith of which after allow- 
 ing it to rot is eaten, used also when 
 fresh as a fermented liquor but dangerous 
 in this way on account of its poisonous 
 quality; pd-sen tok-ka fi "to be reduced 
 to eat pa-sen" prov. to be reduced to 
 extremities. — pd-sen bd/i n. pr. of a 
 locality in Sikhim W. 73. 
 
 pa-Sdk for pa-sdk q. v. 
 
 pa-Sdr s. n. of grass (elephant -gr.), 
 which is used by bon-fin in exorcising 
 evil spirits a-nok: three species used as 
 brooms; a-dum or tsdk pd-sor devoted 
 to holy offerings. 
 
 -pa-a postp. a verbal particle of in- 
 definite meaning go di-pd-a I shall or 
 may come. 
 
 pa-am s. a n. applied to any stalk like 
 sugarcane which is peeled and eaten: 
 pd-mid pd-am sugarcane; pd-koh pd-am 
 another spec; kUn-dyom pd-am the young 
 edible shoots of the k.-d. q. v. ; see dye/'i 
 tilt pd-am, pd-gon pd-am etc. 
 
pa-6n— pak, pdk 
 
 *pak-6o, *pdk-c6 — pan 
 
 ■209 
 
 pa-dh 1. outwards, outsido, tlio surfaco, 
 pd-on Icon s. the outside, adv. outwards, 
 pd-on-sd a-tmi'i. outward cleanliness or 
 virtue, the appearance of virtue, opp. sd- 
 gon-sd a-ts6n inward virtue, pd-on rin sd 
 sd-ffdn rin nyi there are outside and in- 
 side words i. e. fair and deceitful words; 
 2. foreign pd-6h-sd md-ro any person not 
 belonging to the family, a stranger; pd- 
 on-sd pd-no king of a foreign country; 
 pd-on mlo rum nvni-nu-len kd-do niim- 
 nfi go-pa affinity with one's own family 
 is better than with strangers; 3. public, 
 universally, pd-6n-ka outside, publicly, 
 pd-6n-ka dim vb. to make known, to 
 publish, pd-on-ka li vb. to speak publicly 
 opp. to noii-ka li; pd-6n kur-fak-sdn-sd 
 bon-niin from the mouth of the public 
 ministers. 4. i. s. of easing nature pd- 
 on mat vb. to ease nature, pd-on mat 
 noil, to go to e. n.; pd-on nam vb. to 
 want to do ditto. 
 
 pa-dm-kun s. a tree, Phyllanthus emblica, 
 pd-6vi pot the fruit of Ph. c. See also 
 sd-om. 
 
 pa-'ayu-no i. q. pd-yu-no. 
 
 pak vb. n. to be cut off, to be minus, 
 stumped, a-iyak pdk a body without a 
 liead; kd-ju tiik-mn pdk dog's tail cut off. 
 — pd-pdk-ld or pdk-kd pdk-kd short, dum 
 pdk-kd pdk-kd dydm vb. to wear a very 
 sliort dress. — a-pdk s. a piece, fragment. 
 
 pak, pdk, a-pak, a-pdk s. the foreleg of. 
 animal from hoof to shoulder incl. a-pdk 
 fori, man pdk s. a shoulder of meat; pdk- 
 vom, p6k-c67n s. the part of arm from 
 slioulder to elbow, pdk- com hrdt s. the 
 bone of do.; os humerus; pdk-c6m-sd 
 man s. a shoulder of meat; pdk-ldm or 
 pdk-lam s. the thigh, hu pdk-ldm kul t'yen 
 kul fyen 16m bam; o-lom mat-Uii i.-kup- 
 sdii-nvn sd-roii fok tet a-so sd-re pdk-lam- 
 ka nyim-bo-rem md-fa-ne hi go yo gdit 
 hu-niin dy.-sd pdk-ldm so-rem tyap tsam 
 he halted upon his thigh; therefore the 
 children of J. eat not of the sinew which 
 shrank, whicli is upon the hollow, of the 
 thigh, unto this day; because he touched 
 
 the hollow of J.'s thigh in the sinew 
 that shrank U.; pdk-Uip s. do., p.-l. hrdt 
 s. the thighbone. 
 
 *pak-co, *pdk-cd T. bag-cags s. 1. a. 
 passion or ardent desire, propensity, pre- 
 disposition, pdk- CO a-ryum s. a good 
 desire or inclination, pok-co a-jdn s. a 
 bad passion; 2. the remembrance, the 
 recollection, applied chiefly to an unreal 
 spiritual or unearthly remembrance as 
 of dream or things of a former life; it 
 is also used by the Lepchas as anything 
 unsubstaacial or unreal, vain, chimaerical, 
 Utopian; pdk-c6 uyok md-lyd-nun do not 
 indulge in allusions, in vain works, do 
 not build castles in the air; pdk-co mat 
 vb. to make remembrance of; 3. a phan- 
 tom, a ghost pdk-co zdfi phantomlike; 
 ro zdn pdk (-fd) lit. an eater of corpses, 
 a term of abuse. 
 
 pak-sol for pvk-sol. 
 
 -part (also -p6ii) cfr. Newari -pani, -])iii 
 "a thing" postp. affixed forms plurals 
 generally for things in 6pp. to -suii for 
 people M. Gr. "27, Brandreth, J. A. S. 10. 
 1878 (15) mlo-pdn things; sd-re gun-nd 
 pan everything; kd-sv-sd pdii my things, 
 mine, hd-yu . . . td-hryak hd-yu-do nyor-ka 
 nyim-bo-pdn uy.-ka byi-sen dy.-nnn o-re- 
 pdn rem sd-ri kuii sd re k-zut-ka nyim- 
 bo-re sd-gram-ka ma lap fo-lun si din-non 
 they gave J. . . . all the earrings which 
 were in their oars; and J. hid theni under 
 the oak which was by Sh. G. — used for 
 both md-ro-pdfi (and md-ro-sd//) mon, 
 human beings; fam-cdn-pdn animals, dis- 
 respectfully: fydn-pdn the enemy, tsii-bo- 
 pdii the magicians Ex. — where the pi. 
 may be inferred, through the aid of any 
 connecting clause, a single sign may be 
 sufficient to pluralize several nouns M. ( rr. 
 123. a-yu do lUk sd sd-ar-pdii sd noii- 
 nun lyo-so ye shall take it out from the 
 sheep or from the goats Ex. — ■2. i. q. 
 go-run whatever, whoever, fam-cdii a-h) 
 favi-pd/'i sot whatever male you get kill, 
 a-mdt fam-pdn a-yii mat whatever female 
 you get marry P.; hii-mhi sd-dyak o-re- 
 
 14 
 
■210 
 
 paii— *pdt 
 
 pat— par par 
 
 ka l.-ka (am sa-re nyi-wiin-pan-ku sa-ar- 
 tsii a-hdii sd ptrr-tak-bo tsci sd-ar-mot piir- 
 tak-bo sd a-don ffiin-nd-pd/i sd luk-sdr't 
 sd-non-ka a-nok giin-nd-ka rdn-so mai-lwi 
 hii-do td-gri kiip-sd/i kd-ka tat-byi hdn . . . 
 and he removed that day tho he-goats 
 that were ringstroked and all the she- 
 goats that were speckled and spotted 
 and every one that had some (white) in 
 it, and all the brown among the sheep 
 and gave them into the hand of his sons G. 
 pdn vb. to hold in breath, un-ka myuk- 
 ba a-som pan when under water hold in 
 the breath. 
 
 pan vb. n. to become musty and stale 
 (as grain), to become old and hard (yam), 
 to be destroyed by age or keeping, pdn- 
 noil to become mouldy. 
 
 *pah 2. ot p>dn T. bail "speed in motion", 
 pdn-cen or ^d/i-cew s. a messenger, a 
 courier, an express M. P., angel Chr., 
 pdn-cen klon vb. to send a courier P.; — 
 *pdn gyuk T. ban rgyug vb. to run a race; 
 — pan sun dan vb. to run and leap over 
 a stick (a game); — pdn (pon) tat ("to 
 praise in dance") s. a religious dance, 
 pon-tdt-bo s. a r. dancer, "the jumpers". 
 *pan 3. T. span in comp. wood, plank, 
 *|j«w go T. span-sgo s. a board for door, 
 *pdn lep T. span-lep s. a board, a plank. 
 pan s. tlie waist, pan svk-jdk-ld a slender 
 waist, jjaw rum-rom-ld or |jaw lup-lyop-ld 
 a thick waist, pan nyarn ryek ryek vb. to 
 gird one's self, a-yv, pdn-pdm nyam-rek 
 ryek with your loins girded Ex. pan top 
 vb. to rest hand on waist. 
 
 pat 1. vb. n. to be exhausted, to be 
 suppressed, pdt-lun mak vb. to die of 
 exhaustion as from grief etc., a-lut-ka 
 pat to suppress or smother one's feelings; 
 som pat to gasp for breath; som put-non 
 to lose one's breath, to become overcome 
 with loss, grief, fright; to have a fit of 
 laughing, coughing, crying etc., hysterics; 
 fydn j)dt vb. to have a fit of laughing; 
 hrydp pdt vb. to have a fit of crying; 
 hlyen put vb. to have a fit of coughing. 
 *p5t 2. s. T. bod n. pr. Tibet, a Tibetan, 
 
 pat-mi, pdt-vio T. bod-pa s. a Tibetan, 
 pdt-sd md-ro s. id. pdt-mtt a T. female. 
 
 pat see tuk-pat. 
 
 pit-nydm incorr. for pd-nyom s. an 
 old man. P. Mscpts. 
 
 pdn 1. vb. 1. to be forgetful, to be 
 absent in mind; to be insensible, to be 
 unaware of, pdn mik-krap-non vb. to fall 
 asleep in an absent sort of manner, as 
 whilst doing anything, to become oblivious, 
 sd-gor-ka pdn-liin glo-ndn to fall down a 
 precipice in absence of mind. 2. to defer, 
 to put ofif. — pdn-ld or pdn-nd pdn-nd 
 adv. 1. in forgetfulness, in absence of 
 mind; 2. putting off, shuffling off, pdn- 
 nd pdn-nd kom md-bo-ne shuffling and 
 putting off he did not give the money. 
 dyok pdn-nd pdn-nd mat vb. to defer and 
 put off work and ultimately leave it; 
 mak-ld non-ba sak-cin pdn-nd pdn-nd li 
 when about to die forgetfulness takes 
 place, pdn-ld gal vb. to break a thing 
 unconsciously, occidentally. 
 
 pan 2. (for fdn q. v.) vb. to break off, 
 pdn-ld klo-non to break and fall down. 
 
 *pdn 3. T. dpon s. lord, chief, master, 
 head, superior, ^sol-pdn s. T. gsol-dpon 
 a chief cook; *ta-pdn s. T. rta-dp. a 
 groom; *mak-pdn s. T. dmag-dp. a com- 
 mander of troops; *jon-pdn s. T. rdsons- 
 pdn s. a governor of fortress; *lop-pdn 
 T. slob-dpon s. (also sometimes pdn-lop) 
 a master, professor, teacher; *pdn-lop and 
 pdn-lok a chief of the people, T. pon-lob, 
 pm-lo the "Penlow". See Jaschke s. v. 
 
 pdn-tset moderation, middling. M. 
 
 pan for pan 4. q. v., pun-pdn see pun- 
 nd pun-nd, piin-nd pan-na. 
 
 pdp i. q. pal adj. short, see pt"ip\ pd- 
 pdp-ld short as garment. 
 
 par vb. t. to break by twisting round, 
 pdr nydn twisted round and broken, pdr- 
 lun dydn vb. to twist round, break and 
 fling away. 
 
 "par 2. T. bar see p«n 
 
 par-la see par-Id (even, regular). 
 
 par par full bent (bow), p, p. dydt to 
 bond b. to its full. 
 
par-gyan— pa-cit 
 
 pa-cim— pa-ruk 
 
 211 
 
 par-gyan s. a spec, of pulse, jyur-gyeh. 
 
 pal i. q. paZ. 
 
 pal vb. n. to be too short or small, 
 also ftil, puj}, pap; Jfnn pal bam the 
 cloth is too short. 
 
 pal vb. n. to be broken off, to come off, 
 to be disconnected, to be discontinued; 
 to fall off, a-rdi'i pdl-non the horns have 
 fallen off, see fdl. 
 
 -pa T. -pa verbal postpos. expresses 
 emphasis when affixed M. Gr. 52, as ryu- 
 pa it is nice; non dydt-pa he is going; 
 Uam gat-so-pa it is necessary that lie 
 should be caught; go tsu yd-pa-yam-o 
 I understand mathematics P.; h'it not-sd 
 ham-pa-yam-o (they) live in (constant) 
 hunger and thirst F. 
 
 pa 1. vb. to beckon with hand as to 
 come, a-kd pa vb. to beckon to come, 
 kat-nim kd-sum kd pa, kat-niin kd nyu 
 one beckoned me to come, another waved 
 me away. 
 
 pa 2. vb. to wear wrapped round as 
 shawl, also supported as shawl round 
 neck (as male in opp. to kom to shawl 
 as female), dum pa, see also dyok. — 
 s. band, tor dum pa a silken band; ex- 
 pletive of dum. 
 
 pa 3. s. space or interval of time or 
 place, a-tet pa-ku or a-tydt-sd pa-ka (or 
 a-tydt a-byek-ka) in this interval, md-lik- 
 nd pa-ka fi (he) came before (you) had 
 time to call, a-ba o-ba pa-ka kd-tsdk kd- 
 ti gum between this place and that tliere 
 are ten cubits. — pa-ko s. a time, pa-ko 
 kat one time, once. 
 
 pa-ku s. a work-basket as female's, a 
 reticule. 
 
 pa-krak s. damages in lawsuit, com- 
 pensation, pa-krak fyet byi vb. to assign 
 do., pa-krak zdk vb. to have to pay do. 
 
 *pa-krok T. bag-grogs (a bride?) s. a 
 coronet worn by women. 
 
 pa-g^n s. a kind of dress, pinned at 
 the back of neck. 
 
 *pa-g<Jk see ba-gdk, c6 pa-gok. 
 
 pa-cit s. the docking the roots of 
 bulbous plants as turnip to increase the 
 
 size of the bulb, pa-cit gyu vb. to dock 
 ditto. 
 
 pa-cim i. q. tson-mit tam-blyok. 
 
 *pa-cd s. L. and B. probably from Tib. 
 ba-lci (s. cowdung) s. manure, pa-co Idk 
 vb. to spread manure. 
 
 pa-ja for pd-jd. 
 
 pa-ta 1. s. a spec, of num-dak. 
 
 pa-ta 2., /Jtt-fa adj. vain, useless, in- 
 effective; s. vanities, a thing without any 
 use or value, pa-td bam nyi vb. to live 
 or to be useless, to have no employment 
 or anything; t'am-li pa-td lok-non the seed 
 is wasted or uselessly expended; pa-td- 
 len on ti md-o spiritual blessings are far 
 preferable to the useless vanities of this 
 world. — fuiH-pa-td s. a vain, useless 
 thing, tam-pa-td-pdn s. vanities. 
 
 pa-tu for pd-tu s. a blow. 
 
 pa-tdh s. pride, haughtiness, arrogance, 
 pa-tdn mat vb. to be proud. 
 
 pa pat (soothing a baby) see, see, showing 
 anything, |)a pat te te see, see, take, take. 
 
 pa-po i. q. pe-po. 
 
 pa-mo to s. the Indian oriole, Oriolus 
 indicus. 
 
 pa-tse s. name of plant, pa-tse bi id. 
 as vegetable. 
 
 pa-tsd s. hind, tdnt s. sackcloth, coarse 
 liempcloth; sack, hd-yu-min gram gram 
 mat-luH md-ro rel-ld hu-do pa-ts6 rem 
 fdt-ka nydn-lufl 6t they speedily took 
 down every man his sack to the ground, 
 and opened every man his sack G. 
 
 pa-zu s. a spec, of hawk. 
 
 pa-zui see pd-zul. 
 
 pa-zen s. fee given to pi-bo an agent 
 or negociator in any affair as mai'riage, 
 pi-bo-ka pa-zen byi kom hik fiin kat ci 
 Idk kat bom-md jam-vid kom fd-no give 
 to the pi-bo rupees, the body of a fowl, 
 a draught of ci, iu all five rupees. 
 
 pa-z6 s. name of country in Sikhim, 
 pa-zo-mo s. the inhabitants of p. 
 
 pa-yom-ko (?) ^'■payomko" s. Tetrameles 
 7iudiflora Wtt. I. 372. 
 
 pa-ruk s. a spice-box, a box for holding 
 condiments. 
 
212 
 
 pa-lu- *paii 
 
 part-kap kun— pan 
 
 pa-lu tsu-lu seo {m-lu tm-lu. 
 
 pa-lun i. q. pe-lu/i q. v. 
 
 pa-le s. a lynx? M. 
 
 pa-hf i.q. ^j«-A« i.q. ko-Jd s. a spec. hawk. 
 
 pa-hlydk adv. astride, pa-hlyok tul-nan 
 vb. to sit astride. 
 
 *pa-san T. jia-sans s. name of planet 
 Venus, za im-sait friday, see za T. gzci. 
 
 pa-$dk s. a partition of house. 
 
 *pa-WO T. dpd-bo Skt. pwra s. the 
 glorious, the hero, applied to certain 
 priests and enchanters. 
 
 pak I. 1. adj. large in circumference, 
 stout, md-ro pak a stout person, 2. s. a 
 piece, a fragment. — a-pak adj. large, 
 great, round, great in circumference. 
 
 pak II., pak-kd pak-kd hard and dry 
 as vegetables, bi pak-kd pak-kd the 
 vegetable is hard and dry. — a-pak s. 
 an ear of Indian corn. 
 
 pak III., pak-la adv. across, pak-ld tin 
 vb. to cut across; pak-ld kok vb. to put 
 up; l&m p.-ld kok vb. to put up barrier 
 across road; pak-ld to vb. to place across. 
 
 pak IV., pak-tsu s. a book on marriage 
 auspices; see under tsii. 
 
 *pak-gdk T. pag-gn s. brick, also ba- 
 ffok, see Jo. 
 
 '*pan 1. T. bun (see pun, po/t) s. a heap, 
 a store, p.-rim i. q. pon-ri'ni. 
 
 pan 2. vb. to be split, to be cracked; 
 pan-non broken; jja« fa to break and 
 eat. — pun-pan- Id cutting thro' at one 
 stroke, pun-pan-ld fyet to cut thro' at 
 one stroke. 
 
 pah 3. vb. 1. to cease from weaping 
 hryoj} pan, 2. used actively: cease crying. 
 
 paii 4. thick and short (roll), large, 
 applied to things of long, cylindrical 
 shapie buk pan; kun-tson pan; dyit pan; 
 ki pan. — a-pait 1. adj. large applied to 
 yam and a few other things; 2. s. hard 
 dung. 
 
 "pan T. dban, in comp. pan-kar or p>an- 
 liar T. dban-Var s. 1. a scourge, a switch, 
 pan-kar-sd buk vb. to beat with s. 2. a 
 priest's staff. — *pan-c6k T. dban-pyag s. 
 a sceptre, p.-c. bu vb. to reign. 
 
 pan-kap kuii n. of tree. M. 
 
 pah-ko i. q. taii-ko s. a sort of basket. 
 
 *pan-sdn T. pa^i and gsail? hon. to ease 
 uatui'e. 
 
 pah-Suh see pon-s. 
 
 pat 1. vb. t. I. 1. to mix, to mingle, 
 CO pat to mix, to make tea, un-sd nyen 
 pat to mix water with milk; 2. to blend, 
 to vary, ts'o pat vb. to variegate, to paiut 
 in various colours; — 3. to alter, to 
 change, lyan pat (-luii nan) to change 
 places, to go to a different country, also 
 for the person of that place to go, when ' 
 you had left, a-bdn a-ydk pat-lun dam 
 vb. to place upside down and tie; — 
 4. in comp. compound, , complex, rin pat 
 s. vairiations of language, stile of speach. 
 — Deriv. pat-ldt s. mixture, mingling, 
 a blending; a diversity, a change, an 
 alteration; complicity, intricacy, rin-sd 
 pat-ldt pyo to understand the intricacies 
 of a language. — t'am-pat-pdn articles, 
 circumstances. 
 
 II. vb. t. to sow, a-li pat vb. t. to sow 
 seed. — Deriv. a-pat s. sowing, (a-) pat 
 tu-tsdt s. seed-time, a-pat tu-tsdt non the 
 soed-time has arrived, a-pat t.-ts. non-fat 
 the seed-time has gone. — fam-pat s. crop 
 on ground, anything sown. 
 
 pat 2. (see also pa) a space of time 
 or place, kum-jMt adv. a short time, 
 a-ba-nim grop jjat gum it is a consider- 
 able distance from this. — patrtd pat-td 
 adv. short space, interval, pat-td pat-td 
 ryak vb. to follow at short intervals, pat- 
 td pat-td U vb. to speak at short inter- 
 vals; — pd-pat and put-pat a little, pa- 
 pal tet t'ak a little left to be done, a little 
 deficient or wanting; pd-pat-ld adv. at 
 a short distance, pd-pat-ld ryak (non) 
 vb. to follow at a short d., pd-pat-ld fi 
 vb. to be a short d. from arriving, pur- 
 pat-ld i. q. pd-p. Id. 
 
 pat 3. (=2.?), pd-pat see te te. 
 
 pan 1. seems to be merely an emphatic 
 particle as a-re pan ryu this is good, 
 this is indeed good; yiik-mun pan mak- 
 kun go-po ka-yu td lo mak-nd e if the 
 
pan— pam 
 
 par — pal 
 
 213 
 
 priests were indeed to die, we would 
 certainly die. 
 
 pan 2. vb. to reach the end, to com- 
 plete, to finish, nyot pan-ban a-myo md- 
 tsom-na, if you finish the field, there will 
 be no work left undone; lyan-ka md- 
 pan-ne the place is not finished (have 
 not arrived at the p.). 
 
 pan 3., a-pan s. a small piece, pan 
 pan by pieces, pan pan fa vb. to eat 
 by pieces. 
 
 pan-re kun i. tj. pen-re kun q. v. 
 
 pan-sa (Nepaltjso) s. mediation, agency, 
 pan-m-bo s. an agent, a mediator i. q. 
 pi-bo. 
 
 pan-ci [Hind. 'pavctsi\ s. the name of 
 game, played with cowries etc., j)an-ci 
 dydn vb. to throw do., to play at do. 
 
 '^pan-Sen T. pan-cen [Skt. mahdpancHta] 
 s. a great pandit P. 
 
 ■'pap 1. T. 'bab{-pa), piab^-pa) and 'bebs 
 ij-pa) vb. n. to descend, to come down; 
 vb. t. to put down, to curtail; to cause 
 to be small, also pap; — vb. n. to be de- 
 prived of (as office) to decline, to de- 
 generate, to decrease, rum-ka pap vb. 
 God to enter in or descend on one, 
 s. an incarnation; a-gyit pap-non the 
 race is degenerated; yuk-mun co fok-kun 
 pa}) the priest descended from his re- 
 ligious duties i. e. died; ko jjap ("a de- 
 scent on the understanding, explanation") 
 vb. to explain, to interpret, to cause to 
 understand, a-hrydn-rem pap-lim a-tan 
 zuk-kd having curtailed the length make 
 it small; (pd-no) papi-non (king) to de- 
 scend from throne; gon paj) vb. to abate 
 the price, pap nydn or pap fo vb. to place 
 down, fyii pap nydn-nd place the pots 
 carefully down; — kun pap vb. to prune 
 tree. 
 
 pap 2. vb. to bleat (as deer), sd-viA 
 pap the stag bleats. 
 
 pap 3. vb. to muffle up as when cold, 
 to wrap (clothes) closely round. — pd- 
 pap-ld round (as ball), globular. 
 
 pam, a-pam (see pi/m and pap) s. a 
 globe, a bulbous root (as turnip, onions, 
 
 tulip-root etc.; — piim-pam-ld short and 
 stout, thick-set; large and stout, large- 
 built as person. 
 
 par 1. vb. to buy, par id to b. and 
 sell; used also in extended sense as ho 
 pd-t'u par-run go-d do you wish (to pur- 
 chase) a beating; go-nun kd-do td-gri- 
 kiip-sd d.-ka a-dom par-fat I have hired 
 thee with my son's d.'s. G. 
 
 par 2. i. q. par, sak-tsum, sak-par to be 
 cheerful, happy. 
 
 par 3. vb. n. to be even, to be regular; 
 also par; — par-rd and par-Id adv. evenly, 
 regularly; pdr-rd id.; par-rd blydn to be 
 evenly filled; so lyan-pdn par-Id yii or 
 blydri the rain has been fallen equally 
 in all places; par-Id lin vb. to sprout 
 up all evenly as field. 
 
 '*par 4. or ''par T. bar middle, hence: 
 * par-cat, pidr-cet, piir-cdt T. bar-cod "cut 
 asunder" in L. : hurt, damage, molestation, 
 annoyance, evil influence, applied to that 
 of evil spirits, par-cat zdk vb. to suffer 
 molestation, pur-cdt kye "hurt to be born" 
 to persecute. See sd-hd. — *p)ar-cii, par- 
 i'u T. bar gcu{-ba) "to twist the middle", 
 to trouble, to harass, to annoy. — *par- 
 cok or par-cok T. bar-cag adj. broken 
 asunder, sak par-cok trouble, annoyance, 
 vexation. — *par-ji T.bar'bye(-bu) "divid- 
 ed in two" sak par-ji s. trouble, annoy- 
 ance. — pur-m&m-tsom T. bar-mttsams 
 ("between the four cardinal points") s. 
 the atmosphere, par-mmn-tmm bam-bo s. 
 the dwellers in the atmosphere, the birds; 
 
 — *pdr-to T. bar-do (the time between 
 one's death and regeneration) in L. vain, 
 empty, without work, free, par-to-sd rin 
 vain words; par-to bam nyi to live un- 
 employed; — par-byek s. the perineum. 
 
 — *'pdr-ydn T. bar-dhyans s. hollow, rever- 
 berating sound as in subterraneous passage ; 
 met. a discord. 
 
 par-gok see ba-gok and c6. 
 
 pal and pidl vb. to be finished as book, 
 story or as the unfolding or drawing out 
 of anything, to come to a crisis, to faint 
 away, to decease, to be ended, to have 
 
214 
 
 Pf 
 
 pf-*pf 
 
 no further advance: pal non; riii pdl-non 
 the speach is finished; 16m pdl-non there 
 is no road further, the road has ended; 
 aijen zon fdl-non to break off friendship ; 
 kuh fdl tet hron vb. to ascend a tree as 
 high as one can go; a-som pdl-non to 
 cease to breath, to faint, to be dead; 
 kom pal money to be spent (used thus 
 but incorrectly); — jmI-M adv. finishing, 
 ending, altogether, entire, a-tyak-kvn 
 a-fon tet pdl-ld md-ryu-ne to be bad alto- 
 gether from head to foot. 
 
 ri/i pdl-ld U vb. to say as much as you 
 have to say, rua-gan pdl-ld non dydt the 
 ascent is about ended. — pd-pal-ld end- 
 ing, finishing, pd-pal-ld tuk-tek ending, 
 finishing, terminating, pd-pal-ld tuk-tek 
 nun-niin-sd go non-so on the completion 
 I shall go. 
 
 pf 1. part, there, thither, pi-ba i. q. pe- 
 ba there, just there. 
 
 Deriv. pin, a-pin also pyin, a-pyin s. 
 the other side, the opposite place or 
 party, the reverse, a-pin a-bon on both 
 sides, here anct there, (a-^jnn kon-ka on 
 the opposite side, pin bon-sd tiin-dok the 
 cause of both parties; pin cul bol bu vb. 
 to carry (or wear) slung across on each 
 side M.; — adv. beyond, except; a-re 
 a-pin su Id md-nyin-nd except this (I) 
 have nothing; tm a-pin the next life, 
 the life beyond; — zd a-pin the future; 
 — a-pin-ka adv. beyond, besides; in the 
 other world, a-pin-ka mat non nan sit a 
 little further off; — a-pin Idm the other 
 side of road. 
 
 pir also pyir, pyur i. q. pe-re there, 
 that there; pd-nyom-nun li-ba: pir-re kom- 
 sd lyan gum yo dun-bi-yam-o the old man 
 replied: that there is silver laud P. 
 
 pil (fr. pi-la), pyil, pil-ld and pyil-ld 
 there, 1) yonder, away there (far or near), 
 pyil no-o go away yonder; pyil-ld bam- 
 md-o keep away, don't come here; hd- 
 yu pyil-ld non-ldii diin-nd speak that they 
 go forward, lilx. ; pil-ld a-7nlem vun vb. 
 
 1. to turn away face, not to attend to, 
 
 2. to discountenance; not to approve of, 
 
 3. to be dispieased. — 2) moreover, be- 
 sides, further, except, a-re-niin pyil-ld ik 
 sd-t'a-ld md-U-7id-so ye shall see them 
 again no more for ever. Ex. a-z&m kd- 
 ta bo-so pyil-ld md-bo-nd-so except or 
 beyond food I will give you nothing. — 
 3) by degrees, progressively, gradually, 
 p.-ld p).-ld Map bam he is learning by 
 degrees. (Jiii-sd a-lut) pyil-ld pyil-ld ryu- 
 Id non his mind keeps progressing in 
 goodness. 4) emphatic adverb: truly, 
 ha, p.-ld a-yan yd he truly knows, he is 
 verily learned; — p)yil-ld- ba adv. yonder 
 there, away yonder; it is indifferent (to 
 me), it does not matter a-ldn go nd mak- 
 nd mak pil-ld ba un da tim-mo-sd a-pin 
 nw-bu lyo-ka go non-so yo sak-cin yam-o 
 then (the king Indrabhiiti) had the follow- 
 ing thoughts: may I perish or not, but I 
 must go beyond the great ocean to ob- 
 tain the cintamani P. — pyil-ld pyil-ld 
 there far away. — pil cil here and there, 
 pil cil ndk to look about around here 
 and there. — ^j_i/z7 van yonder direction. 
 
 pf 2., a-pf s. a pod, the bark of tree, 
 the outer skin of fruit or corn, a-pi 
 dyon to be skinned, peeled, shelled (as 
 peas). 
 
 pf 3. vb. t. to write, to draw as picture, 
 du yak pi vb. to write short hand; jem- 
 Id pi vb. to write small h.; a-tim pi vb. 
 to write large h.; is used in sense of 
 "to ascribe, to impute, to charge": tiik- 
 mo md-ro-ka pi vb. to charge another 
 with theft. — pi lyaii s. the place for 
 writing, pi lyan md-nyin-nd there is no 
 place to write; pi lyan md-zdk-ne it is 
 not written in its proper place. — a-pi 
 s. writing, a-pi Map byi vb. to teach 
 writing; a-pi Map vb. to learn to write; 
 a-re-niin a-pi cet gdn tidfi-ld pi bo should 
 there be any error in this writing, cor- 
 rect it. 
 
 *pf 4. T. spyi, pi-bo T. spyi-pa s. a 
 mediator, an agent, a second, an actor, 
 pi-bo tap vb. to appoint a pi-bo, also pi 
 tap; pi mon gyom vb. to gather a council 
 J. — pi-pdn s. a chief-factor. 
 
pfk— pfn rik 
 
 pfm— pu 
 
 215 
 
 pfk 1., a-pfk s. the breaJtli of cloth, 
 dum-pik. 
 
 pfk 2. see pik. 
 
 pfn s. tingling or ringing noise in ear, 
 a-nyor pin-Id nyon fyom md-Eun-ne vb. 
 I have got a ringing sound in my ear, 
 and cannot hear. 
 
 pft 1. vb. n. to be narrow (as road), 
 to be tight (as clothes), to be close, to 
 be compact, to be pressed together; p>it- 
 Id tek vb. t. to stow away closely, — to 
 be in a strait, in a difficulty, in a di- 
 lemma. — a-pit adj. narrow, met. to be 
 abstemious, to be economical, to be pru- 
 dent, pit-lun zo vb. to eat economically. 
 
 pft 2. or pyit caus. oi pit 1.? vb. t. to 
 pinch, to press, to squeeze, pUn-fyet-nun 
 pit to press with pincers, a-vo-nun a-yi) 
 a-kfip tyum-ld gdn a-yii-nvn a-vo a-kiip 
 tyUm-ld gdn td-gri-ka pAn-je/t-sd pUn-fyei 
 re mi-ka fan fo-liin hyir hyir tet-ka tsun- 
 la.n tuk-tik-ka pyit-ltin hrya-so-yam-o if a 
 man commits adultery or a wife com- 
 mits adultery, in the first case the man's 
 I)rivy parts are pinched with red-hot 
 iron-tongs and torn out P. 
 
 a-pit and a-pyit s. the act of pressing 
 together or holding by pressure. 
 
 pft 3. vb. n. to be able (obsolete), bi)n 
 tnd-pit-ne T am not able to carry it, also 
 confounded with pyet to attempt. 
 
 *pft 4. T. byed(-pa) vb. t. to do, to 
 work, to perform a-lom md-pit-tiin do 
 not do also. 
 
 pft 5. s. peditum, pit I6t vb. pedere. 
 
 pfn 1. vb. t. to poke, to brush away 
 dirt, it pin dydn to push aside dung; 
 met. to cleanse from evil spirit by the 
 sprinkling of water or drawing fowl over 
 body, see pik. 
 
 pfn 2. vb. n. to be one-eyed, a-mik pin 
 bam to have lost an eye, a-mik j)in-bo s. 
 one-eyed Hind. kdnd. 
 
 pfn 3. see pi 1. 
 
 pfn 4. vb. t. to exchange, to alter, also 
 pyin. 
 
 pfn rik s. n. of a tree, Combretum de- 
 candrum, ''pindik" Wtt. C. 1742. 
 
 pfm, a-pfm. s. skirt of cloth, (li)m pim 
 base end of Lepcha dice forming a pouch 
 when held out. 
 
 pim-i3uh i. q. pem-cu-A s. a dress similar 
 to pem-kom, but smaller. 
 
 pir 1., pyir and pyiir or pydr for pe-re 
 see under pz 1. 
 
 pir 2. or pyir vb. to crowd together, 
 to agglomerate, to be exceedingly close 
 together, td-lu fyur-Mn jdj/w' when raddling 
 to lap the plaits; pid-li jup gdn /lir-lnn 
 t'ydr md-KHn-ne if the 2^d-li be too close 
 together, pressing on each other, I cannot 
 plait; tun- gar td-lu fydr-ba pyir when 
 working tun-gar and td-lu do it closely. 
 
 pi! 1. or pyil s. a (sudden) firm grasp, 
 pyil nup vb. to make a sudden and f. grasp 
 of as when one seizes a thing in charm. 
 
 pil, a-pil, also a-pyil s. 1. the shade or 
 spirit of man or beast; u-pil blydk s. the 
 shadow of man or beast; a-pil mak md- 
 nyin-ne' the spirit never dies; a-/'«7 t'dn 
 s. the shade of the dead; "In the saciod 
 books of the L.'s it is mentioned that 
 there are eight "a-pels" (soul) in man 
 and six in woman. After death in every 
 case, one a. goes to the sky in searcli 
 of Paradiese (riim-lyan) ... to see if it 
 is anything like Sikkim, his haven of rest. 
 Tiie remaining a.'s go to the bossoni of 
 the mother-earth." Sri Kali Kumar Das, 
 Buddhist Text Soc. 1896. 2. shadow 
 a-pil ryak-lAn a-pil sd-re noh-pdii-ka Idii 
 kuii to following the shadow of Padma 
 whereever it fell they marked the place 
 with stone and sticks. P. 
 
 pu 1. explet. to li a house li pu. 
 
 *pu 2. T. bul s. a kind of mineral salt 
 [soda] used to put in tea to make it 
 draw, also as soap pf( md-fap-nd gdn 
 CO md-fdn-ne. 
 
 pu 3. vb. to be possessed, mun pu p. 
 with evil spirit; gi no pu to be covetous. 
 
 pu 4., a-pu s. place from which bees 
 etc. hang their nest, an external bee's 
 nest as from branch of tree (not piir, 
 a-piir in hollow q. v.); som-pii s. the 
 place where a bridge is fixed. 
 
•21fi 
 
 "pu-tso— pun 
 
 pun-ci-pun-di 
 
 *pu-teo T. bu-tm s. (a sou iiud grUiKl- 
 soii) 1. a generation, 2. posterity. 
 
 puk- 1. see pa-; see gron, ply&m, sol, 
 son. — 2. also redupl., see pok, hok, bryeh, 
 bryok. 
 
 puk, hm piJik s. a log or piece of 
 timber. 
 
 puk-£dm incorr. for pdk-com. 
 
 puk-pum see buk. 
 
 pun- 1. i. q. pa-, see under kop, klot, 
 gdl, pom, hdii, hap, ho/i, ayon {yoi'i) etc. 
 
 — 2. reduplic, see under pan, plyon, 
 bin, boil, bryan (bryofi), bron, blon etc. 
 
 -pun, -p-iin see under -un. 
 
 *pun T. span{-ba) vb. 1. to heap up, 
 to pile up, 2. to amass, to accumulate, 
 3. to store up, 4. vb. n. to be assembled 
 together, to be in great numbers ; — pun 
 fo vb. t. to heap, to pile together, to 
 collect together, to hoard, to treasure. 
 
 — piin-nd pun-nd dek vb. to break in 
 numerous pieces. — a-pun s. a heap of any- 
 thing, a stock, store; a quantity, numbers, 
 a large assembly. See under hlk. 
 
 puii-kar s. i. q. pan-lhtr s. a scourge. 
 
 puii-ko s. a sort of plate basket, pe-lufi. 
 
 pun-Ra for pan-Jhir. 
 
 puii-fydh see pun-f'yon. 
 
 put- 1. i. q. pd-. 2. reduplic. of 2)at, 
 pryut, bit, brit, bryet etc. 
 
 put vb. n. to expire (year, time, family, 
 race) to be ended, finished; to become 
 old and stale, musty, pidii pfit to become 
 mouldy. 
 
 pun- 1. i. q. pd- q. v., see under the 
 roots: klal, kUt, klop, klol, cur, cor, jd 
 (jd), jiim, tar, tal, top, ddp, nol, nol, fok, 
 fyet, tsu, z6k, zon, zom, 7'am, yon, lep, 
 lyop, hyur, hrot, hrop, hlum, hly&m, von, 
 sail, so, sor, sol, Ml, sail, sap, ser, uyon. 
 
 — 2. reduplic. of pan, plin, plon, pl6n, 
 pldm, plyon, bdi'i, ban, byom, bran, brydn, 
 bryon etc. etc. 
 
 pun fr. pun?, pun-nd pun-nd or pun 
 pun pieces, meal, piin-nd pun-nd dek 
 vb. n. to be torn into pieces as by tiger, 
 piin-nd piin-nd uyok zuk vb, to work by 
 piece, meal. 
 
 piin-cl s. 1. tliu luiils of hands or feet, 
 2. a claw, ]iiin-<H dam s. the skin that 
 overgrows nails, pun-ci bor s. the loose 
 broken skin that sometimes forms below 
 nail, piin-ci bor M to pluck off do.; 
 liiin-ci fyer or nar vb. to pare nails. — 
 pUn-ci-cak mon or piin-ci kd-da s. a spec, 
 of millet. 
 
 pun-cfp i. q. tfm-cip s. a spec, of tUn- 
 krok q. v. 
 
 pun-jin s. a chain, a wire. 
 
 pun-jen s. iron, pUn-jen-sd adj. M. 101. 
 137.; piin-jen-sd ivyak s. Saturday M. 140. 
 
 pun-fan s. a narrow cleft or fork in 
 wood, see pUn-hrot a larger clift. 
 
 pun-fydn, puii-tydh and kum-fydn s. a kite, 
 applied to several specc. of the aqui- 
 linae, buteoniae and milvinae tribes e. c. 
 jmn-fyo/i, ki/m-fyd/i etc. Pandion haliaetus 
 M. R. 204. Je. 80; hlo pun-fydn id. M.; 
 
 — kUn-ru pun-fydn "the crested P." 
 Limnaetus nepalensis and L. kienierii 
 M.; R. 204; — dan pim-fydn (ace. M. tiii 
 piin-fydn) the common buzzard Buteo 
 vulgaris M., R. 204, Je. 87; —j}un-fydi'i 
 ndk ace. W. Buteo plumipes R. 204; — 
 un pun-fydn (or "-o-ta-kyen" W.) s. Spi- 
 lornis cheela R. 204; — the eagle year 
 (4th cycle of y.) M. 141 piin-fydn nam. 
 
 — piin-fydn tiin-krdk s. a spec, of fern; 
 pim-fydn rik s. a spec, of creeper: rvp-f. 
 rik; piin-fydn sap tiin-krdk s. a spec, of 
 fern Asplenium nidus. 
 
 pun -dan s. 1. a sort of roof made by 
 bees and wasps over their nest vot-p.-d.; 
 
 2. s. a sacred utensil of mUn: p.-d. mlo; 
 
 3. s. body Tbr. p.-d. lun-sum-bo s. a 
 scourge Tbr. M. 
 
 pun-dan i. q. pun-san "ornamental" s. 
 dignity, majesty, piin-sati piin-dan orna- 
 mented accoutrements, robes of state td- 
 van p.-d. a king's court; mun t.-v. p.-d.- 
 ka din (to summon) evil spirits to the 
 tribunal (performed by mUn). 
 
 pun-df (see pd-no') s. a queen: zdr-bo 
 Tbr. — piin-di tH, huk ji rik name of 
 creeper; — piin-di diim sdr the 2nd 
 stomach of ruminating animals, see id- 
 
pun-ddn — pum 
 
 piim— pur-du 
 
 217 
 
 dyiin. — pun-dim ace. W. ^^ pan- dim" s. 
 a king's minister W. 65; pun- dim Su 
 ^^ pan-dim cu" "a king's minister" n. pr. 
 of a mountain which is considered to 
 be an attendant on the god Kan-cen 
 dz6-nga W. 65. 
 
 pun-ddn s. a canopy, hence the covering 
 (pod) of cotton: ki p.-d.; any mechanism 
 that will render one capable of perform- 
 ing, a standing engine etc., see pd-hlyom; 
 the protecting power of tke people, of 
 priest, miin picn-ddn. 
 
 pun-ddr s. jewels, valuables, treasures 
 explet. Mn-dyon] pUn^dor tsun fo vb. to 
 heap up treasures. 
 
 pun-bon fmuk) s. species of Blumea (very 
 numerous specc: p.-h. dum; ndk; hyir). 
 
 pun-zar or piin-zar s. name of fish, 
 Cyprinus. 
 
 pun-zot s. spec, gourd. 
 
 pun -ram kun s. name of a shrub from 
 which ferment (bUf) for ci is extracted 
 from the leaves and roots, Buddleia 
 asiatica Wtt. B. 929. 
 
 pun -re kun s. name of tree, Capparis. 
 
 pun-lok s". a monk. 
 
 *pun-hrit [T. Ski. pandital s. a fortune- 
 teller; also pun-rit; pUn-rit-ta M. 
 
 pun-hrom kun s. applied to several spec, 
 of Leea (ace. Wtt. '■^pantom" Leea robusta 
 L. 237), two specc. a-dum, a-ndk'JK. 
 
 pun-hrdt s. a clift in wood. 
 
 piin-san i. q. pUn-dan. 
 
 pup 1. vb. t. to draw in, as hand a-M 
 piip\ to draw back or up, M-do kd-i'em 
 lot pUp-sen as he drew back his hand G. 
 2. to cover over, to overspread, to over- 
 shadow, tun-grydn-niin pUp vb. to cover 
 with a basket; td-lyan kor pup to over- 
 spread the firmament. 
 
 pup 2. s. the abdomen i. q. td-fiik. 
 
 pum- 1. i. q. pa- q. v., pUm-fit i. q. pd- 
 fit etc. 2. reduplic. of pam, pom, pl6m, 
 plyam, pyam, pyom, bom, byon, hyom, brom. 
 
 pum, a-pum adj. round, as earthen 
 cooking-vessel; box, globular, s. anything 
 round or globular, e. c. woman's breast 
 Tbr. nyen-piim. — tHk-fyil piim an ant's 
 
 nest. — p&m-bo s. a round watervessel, 
 a lota; a dome as of co-ten. 
 
 pum abbr. of riim piim, piim tset for 
 rii.m piim tset q. v. 
 
 pum pa-fut s. a sound made by blowing 
 forcibly between the closed thumbs into 
 the hollow of the joined hands or by 
 those who cannot efPect this, by the aid 
 of a tube, used to decoy birds etc. p. p.- 
 t'iit mat vb. to blow ditto. 
 
 pum-buk s. a spec, yam, Dioscorea. 
 
 pum-bon s. a plant, name of bush of 
 which there are two or three species 
 Hypericum. M. 
 
 pum-zo see td-fyep (s. gourd). 
 
 pur- 1. i. q. pa- q. v. See the follow- 
 ing roots kip, kom, glyet, ci, cin, ji, jit, 
 jut, tak, tarn, tot, tyiit, fam, dap (dop), 
 nat, nap, not, par Cpar), pat, fok, fyUm, 
 fyok, bat, bar, bu, byek, byop. — 2. incorr. 
 i. q. par- or par- T. bar see under par. 
 
 pur 1. vb. t. to burrow, to excavate 
 under earth or in wood as mole, rabbit, 
 white ant; to ooze out, said of water of 
 spring. — a-piir s. a burrow under earth, 
 no pHr a fish's hole; pHr ayam pur a 
 mole's burrow; tik pHr a homet-byke; 
 — (fig-) the seat or source of anything 
 evil, md-r6 tiik-mo pur a thief. 
 
 pHr (a) yam s. a mole (the animal) 
 gen. Talpidae, ace. "Wtt. R. 53. Talpa 
 micrura, pur ayam piir to burrow; pHtr 
 ayam, z6n mik sap blind as a mole; a-fyak 
 pHr ayam the cartilagineous skull of new- 
 born baby; tUn-ji pHr ayam a shrew-mole. 
 
 pur 2. perfect, thorough, absolute, I'ydt 
 pHr a thoroughly perfect, generous person; 
 mik krap pHr a constant sleeper, sleepy- 
 headed. 
 
 pur-gyen s. 1. species of pulse, Ervum 
 lens, pHr-gyen bi zo to eat lentils i. e. to 
 be put into jail M. 132. — 2. see tHk- 
 nyom. 
 
 pur-cih mdn s. a species of millet. 
 
 pur-cen rfp i. q. miir-cen rip s. spec. 
 Gnaphalium. 
 
 pur-dak i. q. pul-ddk, kUl-ddk. 
 pur-du s. 1. dust; ashes mi pHr-dii, pHr- 
 
 14* 
 
218 
 
 piir-det— pul dak 
 
 pul-det— pup 
 
 dii kd-gok-ld non to be covered with ashes 
 or dust; pur-du tuk-tdk-sd md-rd a foolish 
 ignorant person. — 2. explet. to sd-hor q.v. 
 
 pur-det (piir 1.) s. a spec, of beetle; a 
 spec, of black small ant tuk-fyil p.-d. 
 
 pur-dyan, pur-dy6n, pul-dyon (pur 1.) s. 
 a spec, of small waterrat (kd-lok). 
 
 pur-dyot (pwr 1.) s. a white ant, -p.-d. 
 ti-wiin-sd tuk-men nun-so the white ant 
 when large becomes (tuk-m.) winged one. 
 
 piir-dydn muk i. q. td-M pul-dydn s. pouch 
 in cheek, as monkey's. 
 
 pur-fdk s. a species of bamboo, good 
 for thatching. 
 
 pur-fyek 1. (muk) s. a species of grass 
 with turquois-blue berries (dan-sd and 
 hlo-sd); 2. a spec, tun-fyum. 
 
 pur-fyok ace. Hooker 2, 221 '■'■purphiok'" 
 Tupistra. 
 
 pur-bon ace. Wtt. "purbong" a. Crataeva 
 religiosa C. 2039. 
 
 pur- man -bu s. species of [caterpillar 
 (hairy, small). 
 
 pur-mo 8. mould, green mould, piir- 
 mo tu vb. to become mouldy. 
 
 pur-mo kun s. name of a tree, Maesa 
 Indica, also a shrub, M.; Wtt. M. 40. 
 
 pur-myak gri s. a spec, of niim-ddk q.v. 
 
 pur-myum s. high white mould, pur 
 myiim din white mould to rise. 
 
 pur yam i. q. pur dyam see pur 1. 
 
 pur-va (?), ace. Wtt. "■puroa" s. a tree 
 Mallotus philippensis (Rottlera tinctoria). 
 
 pur-vfm g. the name of 11th month. 
 p.-v. ny6m,-ka sun-l6k vi bor in the month 
 P. the aun-ldk-tree (Terminalia) buds forth. 
 
 pur-vuii (cfr. vuii q. v.) s. a spinning- 
 wheel. 
 
 pur-vdk kun s. name of tree, Alstonia 
 scholaris Wtt. A. 871, said to make one 
 sick and giddy if sitting under its shade; 
 p.-v. turn the evil effect oi p.-v. M. — pur- 
 vdk bi s. a plant, Streptolinon volubile. 
 
 pul- i. q. pd- see under dun, dy&n, fydk, 
 fop etc. 
 
 pul vb. n. to be too short. See pal. 
 
 pul-dak i. q. kul-ddk s. a spec, of frog 
 (small). 
 
 pul-det, pul-dyot, pul-dydn see under 
 
 pur-. 
 
 *-pu 1. T. -po, -pa or -bu, co-pu i. q. 
 co-bo, nor-pu i. q. nor-bu, T. nor-bu. 
 
 -pu 2. affixed forms condicional "if, 
 whether" M. Gr. 46. so yii-pu md-yu- 
 nd-pu go md-yd-ne I know not whether 
 it will rain or not; — td-se hron dydt-pu 
 ndk to see if Padma was ascending; — 
 go non-pu I may go, I may perhaps go; 
 nyv-pu it may be so, it may perhaps be 
 so. go-pu it may be so, advly. perhaps. 
 
 pu 1., pu-m vb. to bark, kd-ju pu bam 
 the dog is barking. — a-pum s. the bark- 
 ing of dog. 
 
 pu 2. vb. to move incorr. for po q. v. J. 
 
 pu 3., pd-pu-ld dishevelled, a-tsdm p.- 
 p.-ld-sd md-rd a person with dishevelled 
 hair. 
 
 *pu 4. [T. beu] s. a calf, pu kup (in- 
 corr.) a calf, *pu sd [T. beu gsar-pa] a 
 newborn calf. 
 
 *pu 5. T. pu: pu-ti s. a book, T. pu- 
 sti Skt. pustaka also po-ti; *pu-pe T. pu- 
 dpe s. a copy of book P. 
 
 *pu 6. see dyu pu T. dpog(-pa')?. 
 
 puk s. a species of bamboo, puk sd-lu 
 s. a quiver made of puk. 
 
 *pun T. spun(-ba), bons s. size, bulk, 
 body, a crowd, herd, flock, a number, 
 many; md-rd pun s. a crowd, a multitude, 
 mak-mi pun s. the body of the army. 
 
 ■^ pun-do T. bons-do (a bulky stone) s. 
 a putting-stone, pun-do tyok to put ditto. 
 
 pun 1., a-pun s. 1. the side of anything, 
 the edge, nyot pun the sides of a field; 
 2. apart, aside, 3. the neighbour i. q. pun- 
 bo; a-pun-ka t'o vb. to put aside; a-^un 
 rirl vydt s. a neighbourly inquiry. 
 
 *pun 2. T. spun s. brother and sister, 
 hospitality. — fam-pun s. a present of 
 rice, flesh etc., but more especially flesh; 
 hospitality, fraternity, (am,-pun byi vb. to 
 give do.; t.-p. mat 1. to give food etc., 
 2. to show tenderness, to fraternize. 
 
 pup 1., a-pup s. a piece, a thick piece, 
 a block, kun pup. 
 
 pup 2., tuk-pup or tun-pup legs drawn 
 
pum— pe 
 
 *pe — ^*pe-bo 
 
 219 
 
 in, tuk-pup lyan da vb. to lie (on back) 
 with legs drawn up. 
 
 pum 1. vb. to proceed from, to emanate, 
 to issue from, to be the origin. — pum, 
 a-pum s. the chief sprout of plants, fya 
 kun pum, buk pum epigeal radicle of 
 Dioscoraceae ; met. the chief cause, the 
 primitive, the essential, absolute, perfect, 
 fi kun pum s. the head of the ancestors, 
 un pum 8. the fountain-head, the source 
 of the stream; tuk-mo pum s. a thorough 
 confirmed thief, a masterthief; a-mak-sd 
 a-pum Id Id-yo gum the origin of death 
 is sin. — pum pd-li dak vb. to turn head 
 over heels, pum-bo s. the chief, the 
 principal, God. — pum-zdt s. the element, 
 the cause, the origin. 
 
 pum 2. s. paradise, the dwelling-place 
 of the gods P., mun-niin a-pil tsam-lun 
 pum-ka so the Mun taking the spirit 
 conveys it to heaven. — pwm-tin s. the 
 chief god. — pum-nyo, pum-mit or pum- 
 mo s. a goddess, the chief of goddesses. 
 See a-fya-mo. — pum-zu i. q. pum s. the 
 heaven, the seat of glory. — pum-vyen 
 s. the door of heaven. 
 
 pum 3., mik-krap pum s. a sloth, a 
 sluggard. 
 
 *pur T. spur hon. (of king), s. a corpse, 
 a dead body, L. fun, a-fun, pd-no pur ju 
 to burn do., pd-no pur Un s. the pile 
 for burning do., pd-no pur gam (T. sgam) 
 a coffin, pd-no pur fal (T. fal') s. the 
 ashes of body. 
 
 pe 1. there, that there (not far), pe-d, 
 pe-e there, that there, pe tet or pe tydt 
 so far, to that place, there (not far), pe fi 
 there (near), pe ba there . (at some dis- 
 tance), pe me there, down there, pe-re 
 that one there, the one there, pe-h-ld, 
 pe-lol-ld, pe-ldn, pe-lon-kon adv. there, 
 thither, that way, pe lom in that manner; 
 pe pe that there, there yonder. 
 
 pe 2. (see pe 3.) vb. n. to be according 
 to pattern, hence: to accord, to agree 
 with, krut pe bam to agree in council. 
 — a-pe adj. fit, suitable, fitting; dum 
 a-pe clothes which fit; tuk-tuk a-pe a cap 
 
 which fits; pd-yuk a-hyam,-ka pe a sword 
 which fits into sheath; a-pe zon an equal. 
 
 *pe 3. T.-cZpe s. 1. pattern, model, 
 pe ndk zuk make according to pattern, 
 pe lyok to be like the p., to accord with, 
 pe md-suk-ne it is unusual, it was never 
 so before, I never saw anything like 
 this; — a parable, an illustration pe set 
 T. dpe gsad vb. to tell a parable, pe set- 
 ydm-bo a person skilled in fables, pe- 
 (set) dydr vb. to interpret parables, pe 
 lyo-lun U vb. to speak in parable; pe gdn 
 for instance, for example, pe-ka, pe tdn- 
 dok-ka id., pe-ka U gdn to speak for in- 
 stance; — pe pe different kinds, de- 
 scriptions, sorts; — in L. used in s. of 
 form, figure of person and as an exact 
 fit, dum pe bam the cloth fit (see pe 1.!); 
 2. copy P. book pe-co a book of religious 
 subjects. 
 
 Comp. pe-kran, pe-kr6n T. dpe-tad or 
 dpe-Kral s. a Tibetan coin, pe-gam T. 
 dpe-sgam s. a book-case, pe-ten s. a 
 parable, the signification of p., pe-ten byi 
 vb. to give illustration of p. pe-tom T. 
 dpe-stonQ-pa) s. 1. a flower in rhetoric, 
 a moral doctrine, aphorism, proverb, 
 2. tradition, chronicles. 
 
 pe-bo one who works ace. to pattern, 
 a modeller, a gold- or silversmith. 
 
 pe 4. T. spas, bal s. wool, sheeps-hair, 
 pe ki-je woolen thread, pe fiit (lit. a splice 
 or roll of wool) a woolen turban worn 
 by pa-wo when performing in ceremony. 
 
 pe 5. for pye (fodder) q. v. 
 
 pe 6. tun-gryon pe to go straddling, 
 pe: tun-gryon yok. 
 
 *pe-ken T. bad-kan s. (phlegm); general 
 eruption on skin from superabundance 
 of do., the Lepchas use the expression 
 also for the rough skin that comes off 
 soles of foot pe-ken-nun fa. 
 
 pe kom s. see pe cun. 
 
 pe-gen see pe-ken. 
 
 pe-nd s. a manger. 
 
 pe 6un s. a dress similar to pe kom, 
 but smaller. 
 
 * pe-bo, pe-po, pe yul see pa-po etc. 
 
220 
 
 "pe-ma— *po 
 
 pe — *po-Se 
 
 T. bal-po, bal-po yul, bal-yul s. Nepal, 
 pe-yul-mo s. a Nepalese. 
 
 *pe-ma T. pad-ma, om (also um) ma-nyi 
 pe-me hun Skt. om mani padme Mm P. 
 
 pe-tsa s. name of plant (large leaves), 
 pe-tsa bi s. the same as vegetable. 
 
 pe-lun s. a sort of fine basket work, 
 flat and used as a plate. 
 
 pe-hldk s. aspect, mien, physiognomy, 
 face, general appearance, air, pe-hldk 
 a-ryum sd a-jdn a good and bad appear- 
 ance. 
 
 pe-Sop (see ban) s. a small knife. 
 
 pek 1. s. a contrivance for catching 
 birds pek sak vb. to set pek. 
 
 pek 2. see a-kd pek s. the fore-arm. 
 
 pen-ji '■'■pengji" s. Briedelia retusa Wtt. 
 B. 868. 
 
 pen -re kun s. a tree bearing yellow 
 flower, spec, of Michelia M. excelsa Wtt. 
 M. 535 ace. Hooker 1, 312 Magnolia. 
 
 pern kydp vb. to be anxious, to be in 
 a flurry, to be in a bustle. 
 
 pem kom see pe-kom s. a kind of short 
 cloak or shawl. 
 
 *pem-do T. dpe and mdo s. extremity 
 of roof, part which projects beyond wall, 
 the eaves i. q. U som. 
 
 pem-bar s. a match, a wick of candle 
 or lamp. 
 
 *pem-bo T. spen-pa s. the planet Saturn, 
 za pem-bo 1. id., 2. Saturday. 
 
 pem-hlap s. the interior (empty) space 
 between walls or rafter and roof of house. 
 
 pel 1. incorr. for pydl to be tired also 
 pyel J. 2. to wrap up. — a-pel, a-pyel 
 adj. wrapped up. 
 
 -po for -bo q. v. T. article -po, -pa. 
 
 *po 1. T. spo(^-ba') vb. n. and t. to move, 
 to remove, to flit, to go to another place, 
 to alter, to change, to exchange, to re- 
 new, lyan po to change one's place; rum- 
 sd pdn-cen i.-sd kur dyep-diin-ka lom-bo- 
 re po-lun hd-yu td-gum kdn non the angel 
 of God which went before the camp of 
 J. removed and went behind them Ex. 
 — po kyor vb. t. to alter. — po-len s. (po 
 alter, len to take) a turn, order, con- 
 
 secutive mutation, po-len-nun dyok zuk 
 to work by turns; kd-sii, po-len gum it 
 is my turn; po-len po-len by turns, con- 
 secutively. 
 
 po 2. s. cfr. T. spa, sba the large 
 bamboo ace. Wtt. D. 281. Dendrocalamus 
 Hamiltonii Hooker 1, 153, also applied 
 as the generic name for bamboo M. 121. 
 
 Comp. po gdn bu (bamboo bursting) 
 s. a long period of hot weather Tbr.; 
 po gdn ndp s. a spec, of bug that lives 
 in dry bamboo; po gdn fo s. blue-throated 
 Cyornis. — po-tun i. q. pd-tun a bowl. — 
 po tun-kran see tun-kran. — po-fon s. 
 l.the rhizoma of bamboo, 2. applied 
 to a flute (of b. etc.) closed at the end 
 next mouth-hole po-ton pd-lit. — po tyam 
 s. a clump, a plantation of po (bamboo). 
 
 — po don s. 1. a young shoot of b., 
 2. a bamboo-waterholder, see mdn zo. 
 
 — po-bdn "bamboo-foundation" K pr. 
 W. 71, po-bdn po-mi bo or po-mi po-bdn- 
 bo, po ban (bon) dor a spec, of Agaricus 
 (edible). — po but s. the silicious earth, 
 found in bamboo, tabasheer Skt. vams'a- 
 locana; it was sometimes mixed with the 
 yeast in the fermentation of ci. — po blik 
 s. a bamboo torch. — po mik s. the joints 
 of bamboo, po mik po bdn-bo s. a Lepcha 
 "a liver among bamboos Tbr." — po ruk 
 a shoot of bamboo larger than po don; 
 po ruk hun b. -shoots when having under- 
 gone a putrefactive fermentation after- 
 wards eaten. — po-lit i. q. pd-lit s. flute 
 made of po. 
 
 po tya s. a kind of female necklace. 
 
 po-mon ka-lut (!) ace. W. "-pomong 
 kaum-ut'" i. q. pd-ydn ka-lut Pomato- 
 rhinus ferruginosus R. 211. 
 
 po-tsun yom-ldp $el ace. W. "potsung 
 yom-lop shel" s. Grampsorhynchus rufulus 
 R. 212. 
 
 po rop s. name of evil spirit, po rop- 
 niin zdk to be affected by do. to have 
 carcinoma applied now to a phagedenic 
 syphilitic sore. 
 
 *po-Se, T. spo-M s. amber. Hooker 2, 194 
 N. — po-se t'am-blydk s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
pok— pot 
 
 pop— *-pd 
 
 221 
 
 pok 1. vb. t. to throw down, to cast 
 down, to dethrone, to abolish, to fling 
 aside, to prostrate, to reject, to dissolve, 
 to abolish, to discord, pd-no pok to de- 
 throne king, hryim pok to abolish laws. 
 2. vb. n. to be cast down, dejected; 
 astonished; to be desperated, kun pok- 
 non the tree is cast down; tuk-tyol cil 
 pok to be prostrate; sdk pok-non to be 
 down-hearted, depressed in mind, td-se- 
 sd tsur si-sen pok-n6n on beholding the 
 radiance of P. they were astonished P.; 
 (fdt-ka) pok-non-ne (he) fell (to the 
 ground) J. 
 
 pyok cans, of pok vb. t. to cause to be 
 cast down; vb. n. to be disturbed, to be 
 in confusion, to be bewildered, un pyok- 
 lun vyok to cause the water to shake by 
 stirring it up; un fat Idn mi tydn pyok- 
 non water, earth, stone and fi^re were in 
 one universal chaos, fydn di-ba hd-yu 
 ro-lun pyok-non when the enemy came, 
 they being afraid fell into confusion. — 
 pyok - Idt s. disorder, confusion, dis- 
 organization, anarchy, chaos. 
 
 pok, a-pok adj. blunt-headed (as knife) 
 ban pok, op p. nyak. 
 
 (pok), pok pok or pok-ld biting in pieces, 
 pok pok tsuk vb. to bite off, pok pok tsuk 
 fa to bite off and eat, not to break or 
 cut and eat. — pak-kd pok-kd or puk-kd 
 pak-kd broken, in pieces, puk-kd pok-kd 
 dek vb. to break in pieces or divisions, 
 piik pok t'a vb. to break with teeth and eat. 
 
 pon see pdn, pun. 
 
 poii 1. vb. n. to become very dry so 
 as to crumble to pieces, man poh-non 
 the meat has become quiet dry, to be- 
 come hard from being kept and becoming- 
 bad, said of yam. 
 
 pon 2. s. a fort, a stockade, a barricade, 
 pon fyan vb. to fix a barricade. 
 
 *pon 3. T. ban-ba s. 1. a storehouse, 
 a repository for grain etc., a magazine; 
 2. T. pan lap M. 
 
 *pon-bo T. bon-bu s. a donkey, an ass, 
 also applied to a blockhead. 
 
 pot vb. t. to imbue with, to infuse, to 
 
 take anything with hands, to fling with 
 fingers, to dash on externally so as to 
 have influence on (as water dashed into 
 face), to have effect on, to be affected 
 by; to absorb, to soak in, to infuse, vom 
 pot vb. to salt, to impregnate with salt; 
 as water, meat; c6 pot vb. to infuse tea; 
 un a-mlem-ka pot vb. to dash water into 
 face (as of fainting person), pit pot to 
 be affected by wind in stomach, pit pot- 
 bo s. one affected by do.; a-so pof-ndn 
 to be imbued with evil spirit. 
 
 pop vb. n. to shrink up (as from cold, 
 fear etc.), pop -Id non vb. to go along 
 shrunk up, said also when going after 
 game; so-zdn sd kan-niin pap to shrink 
 up thro' cold and anxiety; dor-bi pop a 
 spec, of Agaricus, that sprout up in the 
 cold shrunk and shrivelled. — pd-pop-ld 
 shrunk up, pd-pop-ld non. 
 
 por I. i. q. pdr vb. to break off by 
 twisting, bi por to b. off the heads of 
 vegetables by seizing and twisting off. 
 
 por 2. vb. n. to become mouldy, to 
 mould, zo por-non the rice has become 
 mouldy. — a-por adj. mouldy (as rice, 
 meat, cloth), I'u a-por mouldy bread. 
 
 (por 3.) por por or por-o^d por-rd grow- 
 ing up well and uniformly as plants, or 
 animals, plumage of birds: a-myel por 
 por Un. See also par. 
 
 *pol 1. T. bol s. the instep or upper 
 part of foot, pol-ld ak vb. to pluck up 
 by roots, pol-ld non to swagger along, 
 i. 0. pdl-ld (see pal') pol-ld til vb. n. to 
 fall off legs, to fall down; pol-ld hroh 
 to rise up on own's feet, in L. "to rise 
 up suddenly"; i. o. pdl-ld unbecoming 
 in manner or appearance, incongruous, 
 pol-ld non vb. to rise suddenly, to go 
 away in a short hasty manner without 
 saying a word, hik pol-ld an ugly fowl 
 (without a tail). 
 
 *pol 2. T. 'bol-po (to be smooth, to be 
 soft, to be yielding) Lepchas use it in 
 the sense of level as lyan pd-plu-ld pol 
 vb. t. to level a rising ground. 
 
 *-p(i 1. Tib. -JM, -po def. article, e. c. 
 
222 
 
 -pd— pdk 
 
 pdk-yak— pdt, a-pdt 
 
 tso-p6 paint, dye, colour; 2. i. q. -pa Tib. 
 -pa verb, particl. is, art. 
 
 -pd suff. expresses future, 1. c/o noh-po 
 I shall go; 2. incorr. i. q. -pu and go- 
 run e. c. ho ma-ndn-nd pd (or go-run) go- 
 ndn-80 whether you .go or not, I shall go. 
 
 pd (see also pe) 1. vb. n. to be ade- 
 quate, to be proportionate to, to be fit, 
 to be suitable, to be conformable; — 
 a-po adj. suitable, fit; equal, exact, a-p6 
 zon an equal; on-ka mlo a-po a-po hyat 
 give unto a child a suitable load. — pd- 
 Id, pd tet adv. becomingly, befittingly 
 M. 75. c. c. -sd (gen.) a-do rin-sd po-ld 
 nun-rid le behold I would it might be 
 according to thy word G.; hu m hu a-tol 
 hii li-sd a-hlep-ka nan-ho byom-lvn sok 
 tsii-sd po-ld md-ro rel-ld-nun hu-do zom- 
 sd po-ld tsii. kydp-lun luk kup lyo gat-so 
 let him and his neighbour next unto his 
 house take it according to the number 
 of the souls; every man according to 
 his eating shall make your count for the 
 lamb Ex. — pd-p6-ld adv. proportionately. 
 — p6l-ld i. q. pd-ld. 
 
 pd 2. s. a bank, a ridge of earth fat- 
 pd; a balustrade, palisade, tsuk-po po fern 
 a wall built with steps or ridges. 
 
 *pd 3. T. (spo-ba to change) bad soft 
 iron, p6 piin-jen, ban-po. 
 
 pdk see pdk. 
 
 pdk 1., a-pok s. dough, zo td-i-pok. 
 
 pdk 2. probably derived from the same 
 source as T. dpog-pa vb. to weigh, to 
 measure, to ponder physically or mental- 
 ly, mdk pdk-lun dp vb. to take good aim 
 at target and fire (to measure or calculate 
 distance). See pu 6. 
 
 pdk 3. vb. to pretend, to shame, to 
 shade eyes as with hand, a-mik pok-lun 
 ndk to shade eyes with h. in order to 
 look. 
 
 pdk 4. vb. to poke into, as stick, finger: 
 kd-jdk pdk etc.,. to stick into, to dibble: 
 pd-fum pdk, to stamp or kick out with 
 foot, to insert, to kick out backwards 
 and forwards, tun-fya pdk to kick out. 
 
 pdk 5. s. (Hind, pdgrt) 1. a turban. 
 
 2. a garland, wreath, pdk nyok vb. to tie 
 on t. ; ju-pdk s. crown of thorns J. ; rip- 
 pdk s. a coronet of flowers, rip-pdk lam 
 to wreath ditto. 
 
 pdk-yak 1. shrinking of nerves as from 
 shame etc., modesty, shame, bashfulness; 
 2. vb. to feel do. a-gyap tydn gdn pdk- 
 yak-so; dytt Idt-ba, md-rd si gdn, pdk- 
 yak-so. 
 
 pdn see pdn and tap-pdh. 
 
 *pdn 1. T. spon vb. to renounce, to 
 repudiate, to reject, to abnegate, to dis- 
 own, a-kvp-m pdn-lun ryak my a vb. to 
 swear to renounce one's child; dyit de 
 lyan pdn to disown one's native country; 
 td-do a-kup pdn to disown one's own 
 children; md-rd do dydt.pdn to give up 
 one's own inclinations. 
 
 pdn 2. 8. grass, pdn ci s. hay, pdn pd- 
 lek s. a grass-field, a grass-plot, pdn so- 
 gi zdn like the dew on the grass, pdn- 
 rip a flowering grass, pdn ndk s. a spec, 
 of rush, pdn pa-rip a spec, of g., used 
 as incense, pdn td-rel s. a species of 
 cicada or grasshopper, pdn bon mdt s. 
 a species of stone-grass. 
 
 pdn 3., a-pdn s. a small piece (as of 
 cloth etc.) a scrap, a crumb. 
 
 pdn 4. vb. to dam up water, met. "ear 
 to be dammed" to be deaf, a-nyor pdn. 
 
 *pdn-Rep T. pan-Kebs s. an apron. 
 
 "pdn-rfm T. ban-rim (a series of heaps) 
 in L.: a series of heaps of food tor-mo 
 at riim fat. 
 
 *pdn Sufi ddn T. ban byun-ba and 'gran- 
 pa to make a running, jump. 
 
 pdt vb. to fructify, to bear fruit, to 
 vegetate, to give advantage, to multiply. 
 — to hang as soot etc., pHr-cin pot-bam. 
 
 pdt, a-pdt s. 1. the fruit of trees, a-pdt 
 fik fruit is formed, kun a-gyap nyi dok- 
 kUn a-pdt md-nyin-ne there are many 
 trees without fruit, kun-pdt-bo re ryel 
 ryel mat md-nyin-ne every tree is not a 
 fruit-tree; kun pdt the fruit of tree, kun 
 pdt-bam the tree is bearing fruit; kdl-pdt 
 a. a walnut; — 2. a ball siin-li pdt the 
 weights for senking net; da-bryd pdt a 
 
pdn 
 
 ball for pelletbow; nyen pot s. the breasts 
 of women, udder of cows, bon pot s. a 
 mouthful; a-nyor pot the dew-lap, for kHr- 
 tyu Tbr.; — 3. foetus, nyen pot being 
 with child, said of unmarried wife; — 
 4. fruit of labour etc., return, result, 
 produce, effect, profit, advantage, pro- 
 duct, a-p6t fop vb. to obtain the fruits 
 of labour; — pot lyan s. the source of 
 support, as father to child or labour to 
 labourer etc. a-bo a-mo a-kvp-sd p6t lyan 
 gum the parents are the child's source 
 of support. M-sd ayok pot-bam he is 
 obtaining the reward of his labour. 
 
 fam-pot s. a fruit. 
 
 p6t krim see sd-hor (a spec. Solanum). 
 
 pdn 1. vb.n. to be chapped, to be jagged, 
 to be gapped as blade of knife etc., to 
 be serrated. 
 
 pdn (see pan) 2. vb. n. to help, to 
 assist, to benefit, to be of use, to be of 
 advantage, to be useful, to avail, p6n-ld 
 mat vb. 1. to benefit, to use, 2. to re- 
 cover (as to recover from sickness), to 
 be restored, md pon-non 1. the wound 
 is healed, 2. the w. is improved, sak-lyak 
 pdn to recover from anger; a-dom su p&n 
 li te of what use is it speaking to you; 
 sii-ld md-pon-ne it is of no use; a-do 
 p6n-nun-sd tun-dok-ka in order to benefit 
 you; pon md-nyin-num-bo adj. useless, 
 profitless, irreparable, incurable; — suf- 
 ficient, a-dul sal md-pon-ne not s. to wet 
 one's lips; un not pon tet tan to drink s. 
 to satisfy or quench thirst; md-ro-ka ayok 
 ku-ba md-r6 kat li-ba: so yu nan vn kat- 
 tun li-ba: a-tydt zon so Ml md-pon-ne 
 while performing work, one remarked: 
 it is raining; another said: so little rain 
 is not sufficient to wet one; sak not pon 
 tydt (dn to drink to one's hearts content; 
 un not pon tet fan to drink sufficient to 
 gnash thirst; — used in sense of right, 
 claim, title, ho to ho kd-su-ka su pon-ld 
 md-nyin-ne who are you, you have no 
 authority over me; a-re kd-do-sd ho pdn 
 md-nyin-ne this is mine, you have no 
 claim to it; pdn-sd md-nyin-ne 1. it was 
 
 pdp— *pyan-Sin 
 
 223 
 
 to no purpose, it was iu vain; 2. there 
 is no remedy; pon fo-wmi-sd a-lem cik 
 to repay a kindness, to return tit for tat 
 krin len cik; pon-^ydmybo adj. one ready 
 to assist another, useful as person, thing, 
 beneficial as medicine; — a-pon s. help, 
 assistance, a-pon fop vb. to get assistance. 
 
 pdp vb. t. 1. to open out, to separate 
 as crowd, edges of wound etc., 2. to 
 spread out cloth, dum pop to spread out 
 one's clothes so as to receive anything. 
 
 pdr 1. vb.n. to smell offensively, ap- 
 plied to the smell of armpits etc. also 
 of babies when unwashed. 
 
 *pdr 2. T.par printing, casting, mould- 
 ing, also the type or mould itself; the 
 thing cast or moulded; pdr kyop (T. par 
 rgyab-pa) or por bUk vb. to print, to 
 stamp as on paper; jer pdr kydp vb. to 
 cast gold, CO pdr buk to print a book. 
 
 pdr 3. s. a sheet of paper, pdr Idk vb. 
 to make paper: co-gu pdr Idk to cast 
 mould as bullets, etc. 
 
 pdr 4. (cow po pdr see pdr 2.) s. a 
 ceremony in funeral rites, see cdn. 
 
 pdr-boii (?) ''porbong" ace. Wtt. L. 498 
 Livistona Jenkinsiana. 
 
 pdl vb. to slip down (as earth), to flow 
 over (as water), un pdl-ld pdl-ld yu (water) 
 to go flowing over (as stones or rocks), 
 a-sdm pdl vb. to die Tbr. 
 
 pdl s. a supposed invisible fence made 
 round by mun to protect from evil spirits, 
 a magic circle T. mtsams-gcod; pdl sun 
 s. id.; pdl sun rdfi or gor vb. to guard 
 houses by pdl from mun\ pdl smm gor bu 
 ■iian vb. house to be thus surrounded. — 
 tiik-pdl s. a railing, a fence, a wall as 
 round fields, a hedge, tiik-pdl pdl-fo vb. 
 to fence, to hedge; tiik-pdl pio bo tsdk to 
 fence round with stakes. 
 
 pdl-la see pd-ld under pd. 
 
 pya s. faintness, insensibility, pyd-ld li 
 vb. to feel faint, pyd zon noh id.; pyd-ld 
 mat vb. to faint, to become insensible; 
 pyd nun ndn id. 
 
 *pyan-Sin and pydn-sin 1. T. hyan-Un s. 
 (a board of writing on, a wooden address) 
 
224 
 
 pyat— pya 
 
 pyak^pyun 
 
 in L. : the piece of wood in centre of 
 pellet-tow for laying hold of pellet, da- 
 iry 6 py6n-Un the clasp of pellet-bow; 
 2. i. q. jdn-sin T. sbyon(-pa) and sin q.v. 
 
 pyat, pydt-td pydt-td not quite reaching, 
 inadequate, scarcity, pydt-td pydt-td mat 
 tsam md-fop-ne except a slight catch of 
 it, I did not get it; pydt-td pydt-td mat 
 vb. to fee deficient (a little); pydt pydt 
 zo short commons, half rations. 
 
 pyan, pydn-nd pydn-nd scattered over, 
 besprinkled, p.-nd p.-nd fik to to be 
 scattered over, fo pydn-nd pydn-nd di 
 non birds came in great numbers, zo 
 ryum, dum-ka pydn-nd pydn-nd fik nan 
 the particles of rice hang thickly over 
 your clothes. 
 
 pyap see pyap there, yonder. 
 
 py4m, pydm pydm giddy, lightheaded, 
 pydm pydm li vb. to feel giddy. 
 
 pyar vb. n. not quite to reach to, not 
 quite to attain to, to fall short of, to 
 be somewhat deficient in; to be divided, 
 apart, Um pydr "ends apart" "tail apart" 
 s. fish-tail; to be half drunk Tbr., Up 
 pydr-ld nan "the leaves do not quite meet 
 each other" Tbr.: the man is muddled 
 with. — pydr-ld yo to be halfdrunk. — 
 pydr-bo somewhat deficient in, muddled. 
 
 pyar dem. pr. 1. there, that there i. q. 
 pe-re, 2. incorr. for pir, pyir. 
 
 pyal 1. vb. n. to be tired, to be weary, 
 to be fatigued, to be worn out, exhausted, 
 pyal non tired etc., o-re-nun mat-lun ay. 
 lom-lUn pydl non-niin-sd un ram-ka fi 
 nan J. therefore, being wearied with his 
 journey, sat on the well J. 
 
 pyal vb. t. to wrap up, to enclose in a 
 covering, to enfold; — pydl-ld adv. com- 
 pletely, altogether. 
 
 pyal or pyel expletive to kyum. 
 
 *pya T. bya s. bird, pya ju rin fo i. q. 
 te ndn ju rin fo the yellow-billed blue 
 magpie Urocissa flavirostris. M. — ace. W. 
 hlo pyaju rin tyep Q^peitrintiep^^) Columba 
 leuconota R. 208. 
 
 pya, pya-ld adv. at the extremity, edge, 
 bordering, nyot dan pya-ld da the field 
 
 lies at the extremity of the low range 
 of hill. — sd-pya-ld i. q. pya-ld at the 
 extremity, outer end, borders, side-wise. 
 
 pyak vb. n. to be ripe as beer ci pyak- 
 n&n the b. is ripe; 2. pyak run see jum- 
 run. — a-pyak adj. ripe (as spirit, chi), 
 s. spirit, essence? 
 
 pyan 1. vb. n. to be lost, 2. vb. t. to 
 mislay, to lose, pyan-non lost, missing, 
 pyan lon-bo s. a beggar. 
 
 pyap, pyap-pa dem. pr. there (far away 
 at the horizon, or as far as one can see). 
 
 pyi see under pi. 
 
 pyft see pit. 
 
 pyit 1. vb. to glance by or off as a 
 bullet, to pass by without meeting to- 
 gether, go hum md-tsum-ne kd-nyi pyit- 
 non I did not meet him, we (two) missed 
 (passed by each other), sd-dydr mi 6p- 
 ba dyu-re mdk-rem pyit when firing (for 
 the bullet) to glance off the target. 
 
 (pyit) 2., ta-pyit or tuk-pyft s. a fire-fly, 
 gen. Lampyridae; tHk-pyit miin-un om- 
 bam (the fireflies) shine phosphorescently; 
 prov. : tuk-pyit-niin so-rin-ka dm md-Kion- 
 ne the fireflies cannot shine in the sun- 
 shine: a little man cannot become great, 
 cannot perform impossibilities; — tiik-pyit 
 bu s. a glow-worm; — tiik-pyit kun a 
 species of Cassia, C. fistula (?), t.-p. k. 
 nydk C. obvolata?; — tiik-pyit rik s. a 
 species of creeper, Paederia foetida; the 
 fruit used by Nepalese to blacken the 
 teeth, to kill the parasites in teeth; tvk- 
 pyit rik pot s. the fruit of Paederia, used 
 to stain the teeth black, under the idea 
 that it preserves them. 
 
 pyin see pin under pi 1. 
 
 *pyin T. spyin s. glue. 
 
 pyin T. spyin vb. t. to distribute, to 
 confer. 
 
 pyir, pyil see pir, pil and under pi 1. 
 
 pyun vb. t. to accumulate, to heap to- 
 gether, to mix together as men and ani- 
 mals or different articles, vb. n. to be 
 commingled, pyiin to vb. to heap together. 
 — a-pyiin s. a stock, store, heap of any- 
 thing, numbers. 
 
pyup— pyok 
 
 pyoft— pydp 
 
 225 
 
 pyup vb. t. to clinch hands, mak-ha 
 a-kd pyiip vb. to clinch hands while 
 dying; tarn a-kd-nun pyup vb. to grasp 
 anything in hand. 
 
 pyiir (P. Mscpt.), incorr. for pyir, pir 
 see pi 1. 
 
 pyur vb. n. to be in great quantities 
 or numbers: pyur-rd pyur-rd in crowds, 
 heaps, quantities, vyan-bu p.-rd p.-rd da 
 nyi the maggots to be in great numbers. 
 
 pyul Tb. t. to stir about, to agitate any- 
 thing with hands, to whisk, to whip, nyen 
 makpyul (as cream) to bubble up; gyam- 
 tso-sd num-hon pyul the waves of the sea 
 to be agitated. 
 
 pye, pe s. fodder for cattle, pye-ka non 
 gone to graze i. q. z6t non; pye a-som 
 dried fodder; pye no s. a manger, a 
 fodder-box. 
 
 *pye-wo T. brel-ba s. work, business, 
 occupation, used in sense of flurry, agi- 
 tation; pye- wo kyop i. q. pern kydp i. q. 
 pye-wo mat to make harried preparations. 
 
 pyek vb. 1. to adhere to, to stick to; 
 2. kd pyek or kd pek s. the forearm, for 
 a-pyek. 
 
 pyet vb. t. to rub sharply with fingers, 
 to rub sharply against, to strike fire, as 
 with steel mi pyet; to knock against or. 
 together, to struggle with in speach or 
 person, to try, to attempt, to endeavour, 
 to vie, to emulate, to strive with, md- 
 ro-sd pyet to struggle with another, used 
 also in the sense of "to attempt" as 
 grdp pyet yan md-Kun-ne I have tried, 
 but cannot do it; go nd rum-sd a-pyet- 
 pdn kd-sH ndm^sd Id pyet JcH with great 
 wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister 
 and I have prevailed G. go gyap pyet 
 go-run md-KHn-ne tho' I have tried hard 
 I can't succeed; rin pyet to bandy words, 
 to argue, to dispute; pyet-td pydt-td li to 
 altercate. — a-pyet s. wrestling, struggling. 
 
 pyel see pydl. 
 
 pyo vb. t. to understand, to know, pat 
 rin pyo vb. to understand the Tibetan 
 language. 
 
 pyok cans, of pok q. v. 
 
 pyon vb. n. to be coming to head (grain), 
 — pyon, a-pyon s. a head of corn zo pyon, 
 a small skein of unspun cotton fe' pyo7i; 
 a-pyon kd-kydk a-ryum lim-bo kun kat-ka 
 lin hron seven ears of corn came up 
 upon one stalk rank and good Ex. 
 
 pyom vb. n. to be skinned, as bark of 
 tree or skin of animal by a blow ; to rise 
 in blisters; see plyom. 
 
 *py(5 T. spra^-ba) s. 1. tinder, made from 
 the interior of the sd-mon kun, sd-dydm, 
 tHk-blo etc.; pyo-ka mi pyet vb. to kindle 
 tinder by striking fire from flint, pyo 
 hlom vb. to dry the tinder; — 2. match- 
 paper, pyo mi tsdt kdn to set match 
 alight. 
 
 pydn i. q. pyan or pydn. 
 
 pydn 1. s. the breadth of anything, 
 a-fww sd pyon re the length and br., 
 pyon kdn breadth-wise. 
 
 "pydn 2. T. pi-wan s. a violin, pyon 
 nok-set s. or pydn nok sd-li s. the bow 
 of v., the fiddle-stick; pyon gi-kii or p. 
 zer s. the peg of v.; pyon kut a guitar- 
 string; pyon top vb. to play on p. 
 
 "pydn pyet s. aco. M. fr. T. grans p'yed 
 L. equality, pyon pyet tak vb. to be a 
 match, to be equal, to be a companion 
 with. 
 
 *pydn Ion-bo T. spran slon-po s. "a col- 
 lector of alms", a beggar. 
 
 pydn vb. 1. to diminish, to decrease, 
 to be left undone, unfinished as work or 
 food, Id-vo pyon (moon) to wane, pyon- 
 non to be diminished, to be decreased, 
 mi pyon-non the fire has subsided; — 
 2. to be imperfect, incomplete, dyok pyon- 
 non the work 1. has decreased, 2. is un- 
 finished; mlo pyon a defective article 
 (as a cracked glass). — pyon-ld adv. 
 decreasingly, collapsingly, defectively. — 
 a-pyon adj. defective, halfdone, unfinished; 
 waning (moon), a-pyon a-ndk blackish, 
 half-black. 
 
 pydp vb. n. to be noisy (with voice), 
 to talk incessantly, to jabber, to wrangle, 
 pydp-(^ydm')-bo s. a jabberer; — pydp-ldt 
 s. garrulity; — a-pydp adj. chattering, 
 
 15 
 
226 
 
 pydl— prat 
 
 prat— pru 
 
 talking idly, a-pyop rin mat vb. to chatter; 
 a-pyop ham-bo s. a chatter-box. 
 
 pydl vb. t. 1. to make a mark or im- 
 press fyol fo, ton pydl s. a foot-print, 2. to 
 lop (as tree) not to prune, to trim, kun 
 pydl to lop ti'ee. — a-pyol s. 1. mark of 
 footstep, a-bo-sd a-pyol- ka a-kup kydp 
 bam (a son) to walk in the steps of his 
 father. 2. the clipping, trimming of a 
 hedge. — a-pyol a-nok s. ink? M. 
 
 pra 1. s. materials, the articles for 
 performing anything, li-sd pro, s. the 
 materials for building house; tuk-pol-sd 
 prd materials for making a fence. See fo 2. 
 
 pra 2. cfr. T. 'pral advly. abreast, along- 
 side of, prd-ld 16m vb. to walk abreast, 
 in unison, prd-ld cin vb. to think in 
 unison. 
 
 prak s. the edge of precipice, prdk 
 kun no an old rotten tree on the point 
 of falling, as if on the edge of precipice ; 
 an old man Tbr. ; prdk-ka m,d-din-nun 
 do not stand on the edge of a precipice. 
 
 pran altogether, simultaneous, at once, 
 M. 75, prdn-ld dp vb. to fire simultane- 
 ously; prdn-ld dyok zuk rb. to work 
 simultaneously. 
 
 prah see pron. 
 
 pram see pram (short). 
 
 prSm s. (old Lepcha, now obsolete) 
 weeping, pram mat vb. to weep, pram 
 mat-Id sok hrydp to weep and cry. 
 
 pra vb. n. to lie double as cloth, as 
 net, to be in folds, dum pra; — a-pra 
 s. cloth when worn double. 
 
 prak 1. advly. quite, entirely, tightly, 
 firmly, prak-ld dam vb. to tie tightly; 
 prak-ld non vb. to be entirely gone; prak- 
 ld tsam to take fast hold of (an entire 
 hold); prak-ld dek to break asunder. 
 
 prak 2.: prak-kd prak-kd onom. noise 
 of footsteps (see prap) or of breaking. 
 — pruk prak breaking by bending back- 
 wards and forwards (as a piece of tin) 
 pruk prak dek the noise of ditto. 
 
 prat advly. cfr. T. pred, 'pred across, 
 un kyon prat-ld ndn vb. to go across 
 river, dum prat-ld hydn to hang up cloth 
 
 across; kun l&m prat-ld kdk da the tree 
 is lying across. 
 
 prat see prut. 
 
 prap i. q. prak (sound of footsteps). 
 
 prap-du or tuk-prap-du or tuk-prap mun 
 s. n. of evil spirit, t-p. m. zdk vb. to 
 suffer under infiuence of do., gout or 
 rheumatic gout (tuk-) prap-du. 
 
 pram (also pram) vb. to be short of 
 stature sun-gryon pram s. a small spec, 
 of spider; kun-du pram s. a short spec, 
 of Solanum; pram zo s. a spec, of rice 
 i. q. mun pap; — pram pram or pd-pram- 
 bo or pum-pram-bo adj. short, s. a spec, 
 of woodlouse, pd-{pum)-pram-ld advly.; 
 — a-pram i. q. kun-du pram. 
 
 prfn, prin prin throbbing, palpitating 
 (pain) prin prin ddk. 
 
 prit (see prut, prat), prit-bo adj. separate, 
 dispersed, prit-ld adv. scattered, dispersed 
 in every direction, prit-ld pld vb. n. to 
 come out in every direction, prit-ld sdn 
 vb. n. to be scattered in every direction; 
 prit-ld bu vb. n. to be cracked all about. 
 
 prft s. an axe, a hatchet prit hyen sd- 
 tsuk tat the handle came off and the sun 
 is set: a saying expressing: it is time to 
 leave off work, prit fut s. the handle of 
 axe, prit fut hyen (the h.) to come off, 
 prit Ion eye of h., prit-sd kyok vb. t. or 
 prit-sd cek vb. t. to hew with axe; prit 
 kyok zon li vb. to speak straight-forwardly. 
 
 prfm-fo s. several specc. of the warbler: 
 blackbreasted wren-warbler Suya atro- 
 gularis Je. 2, 184, dan prim-fo brown 
 wren-warbler Suya crinigera Je. 2, 183. 
 
 prun vb. t. to pull forcibly so as to 
 break, prUn-Mn dek to snap, to rend 
 asunder. 
 
 *pru 1. T. 'brug{-pa) s. Bhutan people, 
 the north, pru kdn id., pru lok the people 
 of Bru, pru-mo s. a Butiah, cfr. a-rat. 
 
 (pru 2.), pru guk s. dust, ashes, o-re m. 
 lyan om-ka pru-guk-ka lydk-sdn m. lyan 
 om-ka num-Um-nyo sd tam-cdn md-zH-ka 
 pldm-bo frdn nydm nun-so it shall be- 
 come small dust in all the land of B, 
 and shall be a boil breaking forth with 
 
pru pru — prok 
 
 prol— prdn 
 
 227 
 
 blains upon man and upon beast, through- 
 out all the land of B. Ex. 
 
 pru pru s. the call to fowls, hik md- 
 ba pru pru li when calling to fowl say 
 pru pru. 
 
 pru kun-Sel see kun-sel {'pru 1.?). 
 
 pruk vb. to join hands together, to 
 place hands basonshaped as when re- 
 ceiving water a-kd pruk; — a-pruk s. 
 (hands) joined together basonshaped. 
 
 prut advly. prut-td prat-td in divisions, 
 by parts; prut-td prat-td sok to vb. t. to 
 unite together by pieces. 
 
 prum see num-prum. 
 
 pre-je i. q. bre-je. 
 
 prek 1. vb. t. to track, to trace, 2. to 
 wrap up (as bundle), to enclose in (as 
 bundle). — a-prek adj. folded (as leaf or 
 paper), rumpled. See prdk. 
 
 prek 2. onom. prek-ld adv. sounding as 
 slap td-gryu-ka prek-ld buk or (lyup) vb. 
 to give a sounding slap on cheek. 
 
 pren vb. n. to swell, to be inflated, as 
 stomach, td-bdk pren-nd pren-nd (n&n). — 
 pun-pren-ld starting out, pun-pren-ld ndk 
 vb. to look with starting eyes; pun-pren- 
 ld blydn vb. to fill to bursting point. 
 
 prep vb. to climb (as tree). 
 
 pro vb. t. to make a noise (with voice), 
 to cry out aloud, lik pro vb. to make a 
 noisy sound with voice, pro hut vb. to 
 shout, to cry out aloud, j6k pro noise, 
 brawling, squabbling. — prom ger. from 
 pro (to cry out) noise, noisy, go prom 
 md-Kun-ne I cannot speak loud, p^om 
 ydm-bo a noisy person. — a-prom s. a 
 noise. — prot vb. t. to shout out, prot 
 nyon vb. to cause to cry out, prot-ld lik 
 to shout out (to a person as in anger). 
 
 pro, a-pro s. a rib, bik pro a cow's rib, 
 a-pro gal non the rib is broken; a-pro- 
 ka cat s. the pleurisy. 
 
 prok vb. n. to burst, to be cracked, 
 met.: sak prok vb. 1. to burst out into 
 laughter. 2. to be bursting with inward 
 laughter sd-gdn sak prok bam. — prok-ld 
 cracked, burst, prok-kd no vb. to be 
 bursting ripe; prok-kd cot-td bu to be 
 
 cracked in every direction; prok-Qd) bu 
 cracked, burst. 
 
 prol (see krol) 1. vb. to fall into hole 
 (foot) dyan prol-lun brom; — 2. to lay 
 down as beam of house tuk-prvl prol; — 
 3. horizontally, across, see also rol; ■ — 
 tiik-prol s. transverse (first) beams of 
 house. 
 
 pr6k 1. incorr. for prok, prdk. 
 
 prdk 2. vb. t. to cover, to envelop, to 
 wrap up covering over top with the 
 edges as a bundle; opp. dam, q. v. e. c. 
 mak-non-bo a-dyan a-kd dum-sd dam-Id 
 a-mlem-ka to-ro prok-ld pld he that was 
 dead came forth, bound hand and foot 
 with graveclothes : and his face was bound 
 about with a napkin J.; c. c. -sd dum-sd 
 prdk (they) wound (it) in (linen) clothes 
 J.; dum prok 1. vb. to wrap up cloth, 
 2. s. a bundle of cloth; ci prok s. a vessel 
 made of leaves for carrying the ferment- 
 ed grains; — met. sak-dak-niin prdk vb. n. . 
 to be wrapped in grief; num-nim prok 
 vb. n. to be plunged in debt; dyok-niin 
 p'ok to be over head and ears in work. 
 
 — prok to i. q. prok. — pun-prok s. ex- 
 pletive to a-sop; a-sop pun-prok muscular 
 integuments, sinews. 
 
 prdk 3., onom. prok-kd prok-kd the 
 sound of felling and burning jungle 
 prok-kd prok-kd grik. 
 
 prdn 1. s. 1. a spec, of bamboo Hooker 
 I, 158, 313, Arundinaria Hookeriana Wtt. 
 A. 1528 pron ndk Arundinaria falcata 
 ibd. 1523. 2. a spec, of creeper; pron 
 rik M. Comp. pron ca-rik s. Holboellia 
 latifolia '■'pronchadik" Wtt. H. 304. — 
 pron cot-rik s. Polygonum runcinatum. M. 
 
 — pron bi s. a spec, of ground-creeper 
 (eaten). — pron muk s. a plant. M. — 
 prdn zam (kun) s. Macropanax imdulatura 
 Wtt. M. 30; Pittosporum floribundum 
 (Senecio nepalensis) Wtt. P. 912. — 
 pron-sd mydr fo s. litly. "the bird that 
 lurks in the ^r.-bamboo" n. of several 
 specc. of bushwarblers : the blackeared 
 warbler Abrornis schisticeps; the red- 
 headed tit Aegithaliscus erythrocephalus ; 
 
228 
 
 prdn— prydt 
 
 prydm— plan 
 
 the chestnut-headed hill-tit Minla castani- 
 ceps M. Je 2,255. 
 
 prdii 2. 1. vb. to be large, applied to 
 fire nni pron. 2. adjly. many ju prdn 
 quantities of thorn, thicket of thorn. 
 
 prdn-yut s. a liar, romancer Tbr. 
 
 prdt see under pro, 
 
 prdi 1. vb. to stop, said of rain so prol; 
 
 pr6l 2. s. a-prol 1. interval or space of 
 time, a-prol a-prol by degrees, a-prdl 
 a-prol ayok mat to do work at intervals, 
 by degrees; nam kat-sd a-prol mat zuk 
 nam rel-ld md-zuk-ne a-prol a-prol zuk-so 
 make the best of every second; 2. a. 
 division or section in book, in work, in 
 food etc. CO a-prol P., 3 an installment 
 of money. 
 
 prya and pryo vb. t. to celebrate in song, 
 to sing of, a-go-sd vdm prya vb. to sing 
 a song of love, mun fydn ha prya dun 
 when the mun-fydn recites, he does so in 
 verse, prya-bo s. a poet; — vb. n. to be 
 honorary, prya-bo or pryo-bo adj. honorary 
 a-fyen pryo-bo an honorary (poetical) title; 
 — a-prya a^dwm adj. honorary, poetical, 
 fanciful, a-prya a-dum num-nu distant 
 relationship. — prydm vb. n. to be in tune 
 (as song) to be in harmony, to be sweet 
 (in sound); — a-pryom s. the time as of 
 a song the tone of anything. 
 
 pryit i. q. prit. 
 
 pryut redupl. put-pryiit-ld squeezing 
 out, put-pryut-ld dyep vb. to press out as 
 matter out of boil. 
 
 prye, pryek see pre, prek. 
 
 pryo i. q. prya. 
 
 prydk 1. vb. t. to cut down (jungle) 
 pd-zok prydk, to penetrate right thro' (as 
 sword) pd-yuk-nun md-zu pryok-ld non, 
 to run one right thro' the body with a 
 sword. See prydt. 
 
 prydk 2. s. work, labour; vb. to work, 
 to labour, 
 
 prydii vb. t. 1. to publish, to make 
 public, to promulgate, 2. (old L.) to make 
 agreement. 
 
 prydt vb. n. to go right thro', dyu pryot- 
 ndn the bullet has gone right thro'; pryot- 
 
 Id adoly from one end to another, un- 
 broken, continually; cin prydt-ld cm vh. 
 to think incessantly, pryot-la fyo or ko vb. 
 to understand well (thoroughly). See 
 prydk. 
 
 prydm 1. see prya, pryo. 
 
 prydm 2. vb. t. to find out, to discover, 
 to elucidate as problem, riddle; a-pryom 
 s. the solution of problem or riddle. 
 
 pla 1., pla-m, caus. plyd, plyd-m vb. n. 
 to issue, to come forth, td-se-fin-re U-nun 
 pld-sen td-se yu num-tsur-mit Id ryak-lun 
 gydn-ban hryop-yam-o Padmasambhava 
 left his palace but his wife 'Od- c'an-ma 
 followed and recalling him burst out into 
 tears P. to proceed, to come into 
 existence, to happen, to befall, to ensue, 
 to penetrate, ko pld-non-ne the order has 
 gone, forth M. 8 ; — pldm ger., pldm dydt 
 vb. to comeforthEx; — luh-kd sd-nyiim-ka 
 dyesu-nun g.-ka pldm sak di-bdn f.-sd 
 tsum—lun hum li the day following Jesus 
 would go forth into G. and findeth Ph. 
 and saith unto him J. pldm-bo p. going 
 forth etc. J.-Caus. pldm kon vb. to drive 
 away J. ; — plyd caus. of pld vb. to cause 
 to issue plyd dydn or plyd nyon vb. t. to 
 cast out; M. J. plyd Ion vb. t. to bring- 
 forth Ex; plyd hdt nyon vb. t. to drive 
 out Ex; plydm kon let it issue M. — 
 a-pldm s. the source; a-pldm lyan s. the 
 outlet, the original place from whence 
 any one or any thing proceeds. 
 
 pla 2. redupl. pd-pld see under plu. 
 
 plak (see Malt) vb. n. to be round etc. 
 caus. plydk; a-pldk s. 1. a ball, a piece 
 of anything, a lump; 2. a gust of wind, 
 the swift flight of clouds, a stream as of 
 men. — caus. plydk vb. 1. to make round 
 as a ball 2. to come or go in flights or 
 streams, as clouds, animals etc., dyu plydk- 
 liin nun to be in constant squabble i. q. 
 dyu kyom-lun nun. — fat plydk see fat; 
 mon plydk s. a pill. — reduplic. pd-plydk- 
 Id round, globular. — Comp. fam-plydk 
 s. a ball for playing. 
 
 plan, a-plan s. I. the place over a thing, 
 the top T. bla, sten; 
 
plan 
 
 plan — plen 
 
 229 
 
 pldn-re, U-pldn-re the house-top, — II 
 adv. above, upon, over, on, i. q. a-pldn-ka 
 1. id. (c. gen.) pldn-ka, on-pldn-ka on horse- 
 back, tsuk-lat kdn rip a-dum-sd a-pldn-ka 
 san-gye dor-ji sam-po ju-yam-o, lum kdn 
 rip pd-qyor-bo-sd a-pldn-ka rUm rin-cen 
 jun den ju-yam-o, tsuk-kydr kdn rip a-hyir- 
 bo-sd a-pldn-ka san-gye na-wo fa -yi ju- 
 yam-o, pat kon-nUn rip fun-fin-bo-m a-pldn- 
 ka san-gye ta-yin riip-po ju-yam-o, hu-yu 
 fd-li-bo-sd a-pldn-ka a-cuk-ka rip fun-fin bo- 
 sd a-plan-ka san-gye na-pd non-zdt ju- 
 yam-o in the eastern region on a white 
 (lotus)-fiower was seated Buddha Vajra- 
 satva (T. rdo-rje sems-dpu), inthe southern 
 region on a yellow flower the god Ratna- 
 sambhava (T. rin-cen 'byun), in the 
 western region on a red flower Buddha 
 Amitabha (T. snan-ba mfd-yes), in the 
 region of Tibet on a blue flower Buddha 
 Amoghasiddha (T. don-yod sgrub-pd); 
 higher than the four mentioned and amidst 
 of all on a blue flower appeared Buddha 
 Vairocana (T. mam-par snan-mdsad). P. 
 — 2. regarding, concerning, with refe- 
 rence to, on, md-ro-sd a-pldn-ka rin li to 
 make reflections on another; 3. moreover, 
 besides, byi-wun-sd a-pldn-ka besides 
 giving, fydn-dyu-bo kat kat sot-sd a-pldii- 
 ka td-ayu gun s6t fat-tun besides killing 
 the actual enemy they kill also the 
 females; a-pldn-ka ka vb. to add to what 
 was before. — 4. exceeding, more than 
 hu pldn-ka zuk to excel, to surpass him; 
 5. in the midst of, a-z6m a-tdn-sd 
 a-pldn-ka bam to live in the midst of 
 plenty, upon, mi-zdr-mo-pdn-nvn go j. 
 dyum-ba ydn yd-sdn-ka go f.-sd Am m.ak- 
 pun om-sd a-pldn-ka a-bryan nyi-so I will 
 be honoured upon Ph. and upon all his 
 host; that I am the lord Ex. — III. in s. 
 of independence, a-pldn li sUm-bo md- 
 nyin-ne to be independent, to be one's 
 own master. — {a-)pldn-bo s. a superior, 
 a higher one M. — pldn-nyim-bo s. id., 
 in opp. to myin-nyim-bo. 
 
 plan 1. vb. n. to fall over as precipice 
 etc., sd-g&r zHt I6m-ba pldn when walking 
 
 near a precipice to fall down; — sd-pldn 
 falling over and down, un sd-gon-ka sd- 
 pldn the water flows over the cliff. 
 
 plan 2. vb. n. to wind cotton on a stick 
 lengthwise, ki pldn. 
 
 plan 3. vb. t. to break young sproats. 
 
 pldn vb. n. to be short as garment, 
 redupl. pd-pldn-bo adj. short as garment. 
 
 pldm see under pld. 
 
 plak vb. t. to crack fingers, a-kd plak. 
 
 plap, red. pd-plap-ld blunt (as knife). 
 
 pli, pil-m vb. to deny, to persist in 
 denying, go-nixn hii zuk yan li yan-ld hu 
 pli-nan I accused him of doing it but 
 he denied it; to refuse, ho-ni/n hum pli- 
 liin md-lyot-nd gdn if thou refuse to let 
 him go Ex. plim-ld persistingly, (mw'i) 
 plim-ld nd bam; (evil spirit) to hurt con- 
 tinually; plim cik vb. to deny. — plim and 
 a-plim s. contradiction, adj. refused, a-pliin 
 mat^h. 1. to contradict 2. to refuse, a-plim 
 rin li contradictory language a-plim ayok 
 mat vb. to write in opposition: pi-liin 
 ay ok mat. 
 
 plin i. q. plen q. v., sd-plin-ld adv. 
 obliquely. 
 
 pifn vb. n. to be too thick (cloth), pijn- 
 plin-bo adj. scant, insufficient to cover 
 body (cloth). 
 
 plu, pd-plu-ld adv. prominent, rising 
 higher than surrounding parts, pd-plu-ld 
 nan to be prominent above surrounding 
 parts. 
 
 plup vb. t. to plaster, to cover over, to 
 rise one above another; — pd-plup-ld 
 adv. swelling as eyes, prominentas hillock, 
 pd-plup-ld nan to have a swelling article 
 or performance. See plu. 
 
 plut i. q. flut vb. n. to escape from 
 clutches, to slip from hand, as animal 
 or thing to slip or slide down, as a load 
 on a downward shelf or thing off roof 
 of house etc., — plyut cans, of plut to 
 cause to escape. 
 
 plen vb. t. n. to cut or turn out of a 
 straight direction kun cet-ba plen-non 
 when cutting wood to do so crookedly. 
 — a-plen adj. not straight, uneven, a-plen 
 
230 
 
 plok-pldp 
 
 pidm— plyen 
 
 bi vb. to split uneyenly. — sd-plen s. 
 deviation from a straight line, crooked, 
 lom-ba sd-plen mat to make crooked 
 steps; — sd-plen-ld advly. sd-plen-ld da 
 vl). to be crooked, sd-plen-ld nan nyi to 
 go in crooked manner. 
 
 plok onom. sound made by breaking 
 of yam or pd-ruk, plok-ld grik. 
 
 plon, piin-plon-ld adv. scraped (skin). 
 
 plop i. q. plop. 
 
 pl6k 1. vb. n. to be slain, to be mur- 
 dered, plok-non; plok zdk vb. to be 
 wounded to death. 
 
 pl5k 2. 1. s. a log of wood set up to 
 mark out field preparatory to cutting 
 and burning it, pldk tsdk fo vb. to set up 
 plok; — 2. adj. fixed (work) kd plok. 
 
 pldk 3. vb. to be stubborn, to be perverse, 
 to be obstinate, to refuse (permission); 
 to refuse to have carnal connection, 
 applied to wife or husband. 
 
 pidn 1. vb. t. to cross, to pass through, 
 plon-non id. T., I.-kup-pdn a-s6n-ka td- 
 lyd dd cuk-ka plon-non- so the children 
 of I. shall go on dry ground through the 
 midst of the sea. Ex.; — 2. adj. straight 
 from top to bottom, straight throughout, 
 pl6n-ld bu vb. to crack straightly from 
 top to bottom, pl6n-ld cit to split s. fr. 
 top to b. — pUn plon-nd adv. throughout; 
 from top to bottom G.; pun-pl6n-ld adv. 
 split, divided. See plyok. 
 
 pIdn vb. n. to be constantly forgetful, 
 to fail in doing, to forget, to have become 
 unaccustomed, dyoh mat-bo-nun md-cet-nd 
 mat-td-o ayok pl6n-so the workman who 
 except he incessantly works will forget 
 his work; & mat-bo-nun md-yen-nd ma- 
 td-o CO plon-so the scholar unless he in- 
 cessantly or assiduously attents to his 
 book will forget it; a-kd pl6n-n6n to have 
 hand out, to have forgotten the way to 
 do a thing. 
 
 pidp vb. n. to be covered with, to be 
 bespattered, to be tainted with, to be 
 plastered with, num plop to be covered 
 with oil, fdt plop to be bespattered with 
 mud, met. Id-yo plop to be tainted with 
 
 sin. — a-pl6p s. the splinters (as of wood 
 when cutting); the dropping; tsdm a-pldp 
 a. the hairs that fall when combing, muk 
 a-pldp a. a weed. 
 
 pidm, redupl. pun-(^or pum)-pl6m-bo adj. 
 broadfaced, pum-pl6m-ld adv. long, a-mlem 
 pum-pl6m-bo; 
 
 plyak see pldk. 
 
 plyan i. q. nyak; a-plydn s. a point of 
 knife, of pin etc. ban plydn a. the point 
 of knife. 
 
 plydn vb. n. to go at random, to be 
 carried away, as a helpless thing by the 
 wind, applied to inanimate article, also 
 to a miserable helpless person, M plydn- 
 non he or it is carried irresistable away. 
 
 (plyak,) plyak byi vb. to give birth, td-gri 
 kiip kat plyak byi vb. gave birth to a 
 male child P. 
 
 plyan, plyan-nd plyan-nd advly. 1. trou- 
 blesome, worrying 2. thoughtless. 
 
 plyap vb. t. to pat as when making 
 cakes or plastering wall etc.; plyap bo 
 i. q. bu da Tbr; td-gryu plyap to pat 
 cheek. 
 
 plyam, reduplic. piim-plyam-ld advly. in 
 proud flesh as from sore, p.-pl.-ld di vb. 
 to rise in proud flesh. 
 
 plyu, plyu-ld adv. strongly, rapidly, 
 plyu-ld lin vb. n. to grow strongly as 
 plants, un plyu or plyu-ld non water to 
 flow rapidly or strongly, redupl. pa-plyu-ld 
 advb. forcibly, rapidly, strongly, 
 
 plyun vb. n. to float as person or thing 
 on water. 
 
 plyut 1. see plut. 
 
 plyut 2. vb. n. to be blistered, to be 
 scalded. 
 
 plyet vb. n. to break with a cracking 
 noise or rather the noise itself plyet- td 
 plyet-td grik the cracking sound of break- 
 ing as when walking thro'jungle, plyet-ld 
 grik s. the cracking sound of wood (break- 
 ing), plyet-ld gal vb. to break with c. 
 sound. 
 
 plyen, a-plyen s. the lesser quarter, 
 plyen kdn the 1. side, a-plyen tydt man ma- 
 tsu-ne write only about a quarter. 
 
plyb— plydm 
 
 |Ja— |ian 
 
 231 
 
 plyo vb. n to have dread of evil spirits, 
 TMM plyo to haye mortal fear of spirits; 
 i. q. mu-zun. — tuk-plyo 1. s. ignorant, 
 foolish person, 2. n. of small fish, 3. a 
 plant t. p. muk. 
 
 plyot Tb. t. to plunder, md-ro-sd gi-co 
 plyot to plunder a person's property. 
 
 plyom vb, t. to skin, to knock off skin, 
 as skin or bark of tree. See plom. 
 
 plydk vb. 1. to shave as wood; 2. caus. 
 of pldn, p.-nun pd-yuk Ion o-re rem dot- 
 bdn yuk-mun-sd vyet-rem fyet-lun hu nyor 
 gyom plydk dydn then P. having a sword 
 drew it, and smote the high priest's 
 
 servant, and cut off his right ear J. — 
 tuk-plyok a kind of curved sword, t.-p. 
 pd-yuk s. a sort of short curved sword. 
 
 plydt, |jZyo'«-Za adv. throughout fdk-la, 
 redupl. pd-plyot-ld altogether, thoroughly, 
 completely. 
 
 plydn 1. vb. to graze M. 
 
 plydn 2. vb. to miss, to go on one side 
 (as arrow), to run off on one side as a 
 ball or carriage of road; reduplic. piin- 
 plyon-ld ot pun- plydn- Id missing, flying 
 aside. 
 
 plydm, puk-plyom-ld abv. clumpy shaped, 
 see pUm. 
 
 [ia the fourteenth letter of the L. alpha- 
 bet, T. 5J^ it is pronounced as the English 
 p aspirate. 
 
 |)a vb. to express words also breath, 
 to utter, hu a-tet ddk pd md-Kun-ne he 
 is so ill, he cannot speak; tuk-dup-ld 
 nyon pd md-Kun-7ie (I) feel quite suffo- 
 cated, I cannot breathe. 
 
 |)a-go rfp s. n. of flower M. 
 
 *|ia-ran 1. pu-ron s. pigeon, dove J. G. 
 
 (fiak), ()ak-ka adv. completely, altogether, 
 absolutely, utterly, pdk-kd byi vb. to give 
 all; pdk-kd md-t'6r-ne to be utterly unable 
 to escape; pdk-kd non completely gone; 
 pdk-kd a-lo gdn a-yu a-re mat-td if it 
 must be so now, do this G. 
 
 [iat fr. T. pad?, pdt-tdpdt-td 1. friable, 
 brittle, 2 broken, rotten, in pieces. 
 
 |jar rfp s. n. of flower M. 
 
 |Sa vb. to toss up and keep from falling, 
 
 *[)a T. s. father, *pa ma father and 
 mother, parents, pa pan zdn paternal, 
 belonging to the f., pa min ace. M. "pater- 
 nal name" but cfr. T. min-po "brother" 
 brother, o-ha a-do mo-sd pa min la-ban- 
 sd td-ayu-kup-sdn-sd non-nun a-yu lyo-o 
 take thee a wife from thence of the 
 daughters of L. thy mother's brother; G. 
 
 |ia go s. a spec, of phagedenic ulcer M. 
 
 |ja-du sun-krf s. 1. a spec, of Arum 2. 
 Tussilago petasites. 
 
 *|ja-pa T. pags-pa Skt. drya. 
 
 |ia-lak kuh s. n. of tree M. 
 
 |ia-lu tsu-lu s. a spec, of incense M. 
 
 [iak 1. s. a part or portion, pak sam-ka 
 pak nydt ryu-bam pak hat lok-non out of 
 three parts two are good and one injured ; 
 man pak ryu pak jdn part of the meat 
 is good, part bad ; un o-mer kat e-fa pak 
 kd-ti mat gdn pak kat-sd dok now an 
 omer is the tenth part of an ephah Ex. 
 
 *|iak s. T. pag a pig L. mon, *p'ak-zu 
 T. pag-ze s. a hog's bristle, applied by 
 Lepchas to a small brush made of hog's 
 bristle, fo pak-zu a tooth-br., diim p.-zu 
 a brush for clothes. 
 
 |iak ruk bf (muk^ s. name of plant, 
 Amaranthus spinosus. 
 
 fjan 1. vb. t. to long for, to desire 
 greatly, to lust after, to be covetous of, 
 to grudge, to begrudge; hu-sd nyi-wun 
 re go-Id md-pan-nd sum-o thou shalt not 
 covet . . . any thing that is thy neighbour's 
 Ex. a-do td-gri kup a-do go-bo rem md- 
 pan-nd ren because thou hast not with- 
 held thy son, thy only son G. — k&m 
 
232 
 
 |ian— *|iam 
 
 *|iar— *|{u 
 
 fdn-bo an avaricious person, cfr. T. 
 pan-ba, pons-pa. — 2. 5. a desirable thing, 
 a beautiful charming object or person, 
 a-re sdn pan md pan rum-mit these lovely 
 goddesses; used in sense of goods, go 
 a-do pan md-gat-nd I do not desire your 
 goods. 
 
 |jan 2. 5. untwisted thread from the 
 spindle, ki pan unspun thread. 
 
 *t5an 3. T. pan s. height, summit. 
 
 |jan-se kuft name of tree ace. Wtt. D. 428 
 "phamsikol" Dillenia indica. 
 
 fiat vb. to break open, to burst open, 
 to divide, to separate, fe-fsio pat to break 
 open seal, vyen pat (door) to burst open; 
 see p6t and pot. 
 
 fSan 1. s. a trap, a sort of spring-trap 
 made by the Mechi, pan sak to set p.; 
 md-ro-sd pan s. a man-trap. 
 
 *|ian 2 T. pan s. use, advantage, good, 
 utility; — * pan-to T. pan- dogs vb. n. to 
 be useful, to be of advantage, pan md- 
 to-ne to be profitless, pan- to md-nyin- 
 num-bo adj. useless, in vain, fruitless; — 
 pan-to s. 1. used in sense of claim, right, 
 a-re fat kd-su-sd nyi ho su pan-to md- 
 nyin-ne this is my ground, you have no 
 claim to it; 2. s. fellowship, go hd-sd su 
 pan-to nyi-po what f. or connection have 
 I with thee? — *pan-ydn T. pan-yon s. 
 profit, advantage; blessing. — See pon. 
 
 (Ian-do s. a wide-toothed comb, p.-do- 
 nim krdt vb. to comb with do. 
 
 [Jap 1. vb. t. to arrange, to set in order, 
 to put in order, to explain, to interpret, 
 etc. see pap; sak pap to have mind ad- 
 justed, see par. 
 
 [)ap 2. vb. t. i. q. pap to castrate, p'ap- 
 tdm-bo castrated, to prune trees, to 
 trim. 
 
 |Jap 3. vb. t. to beat quickly as drum 
 (tun-dar), cymbals (bdk-ce) etc. 
 
 *(jam T. pam(^-pa) vb. 1. to be van- 
 quished, to be overcome, 2. to be de- 
 pressed, to be subdued, pam-non to be 
 vanquished, mdk-pun pam-ndn the army 
 is vanquished; md-pam-nd gdn tdn-sd rin 
 suk nd-ld td l6n-sd-o if you would not be 
 
 overcome, ever speak the truth; pam-ld 
 in s. of "deprecation," gun-nd len pam- 
 ld mat (bam") making himself le^g than 
 all. a-pam adj. vanquished, conquered. 
 
 *|jar (T. par-ba to be elevated) vb. t. 
 to enlarge, to make wider, nyot par vb. 
 enlarge the field, par-Id (fwvb. to dig wider; 
 met. sak par "mind expanded" adjly. 
 pleased; sdm par (to be) exhilarated. 
 
 *|ial-pd T. p'al-pa adj. common, vulgar, 
 mean. 
 
 |$f see under pyi. 
 
 *|)i-gyu (T. pyi and sgyu?) s. deceit, 
 hypocrisy, baseness, duplicity, artifice, 
 I-kup p'i-gyu md-nyin-num-bo kat an 
 Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile, 
 pi-gyu mat vb. to deceive, to be hypo- 
 critical, to impose on; pi-gyu mat-bo s. 
 a hypocrite, a deceiver. 
 
 *|ji-rfl T. po-ba-ri s. black pepper. 
 
 *tSi-lin T. p'i-lin, pi-glin n. pr. Europe, 
 p'i-lin-ma s. 1. an European, p'i-lin fydn 
 pld gdn pur-dyot a-pur-niin pld re z6n 
 mok md-yd-ne if hostile Europeans enter 
 one country they (as the white ants) will 
 burrow on eternally, 2. snuff, pi-lin pd- 
 tek or pi-lin pum s. a snuff-box, pi-lin 
 nyok vb. to rub snuff between hands, 
 pi-lin nyom vb. to smell do, pi-lin fdn 
 vb. to snuff, to chew tobacco M. 143; 
 pi-li7i f. sok to abstain from snuffing. 
 
 |iik, p'ikpik convulsive, spasmodic motion 
 or trembling, p'ik pik tyu vb. to have do. 
 
 {5fk vb. t. to cleanse the body of patient 
 or corpse from evil by the sprinkling of 
 water or sacrifice of food etc. by priest, 
 to purify from effects of evil spirits. — 
 a-pik s. the ablution by sprinkling water 
 over the body with leaves after the 
 ceremony of propitiating a demon. 
 
 |iin see pyen. 
 
 (Sit see pyit 1. to suffice 2. frugality. 
 
 |)in-dak all, the whole, altogether pin- 
 dak-kd lok-ndn altogether destroyed. 
 
 *|iu T. pul vb. t. to offer, Mk-bH-rem 
 tsam-lun hu-do td-gri kiip Idm-ka a-pitt 
 pijb (he) took the ram and offered him 
 up for a burnt offering in the stead of 
 
*rfr. 
 
 [iu pak— *tiu-fya 
 
 [lu yuk— |Jo, a-|io 
 
 233 
 
 his son G. to present, to give, applied 
 by the Lepcha's as a respectful term: 
 pd-no-ka pu. 
 
 *|JU pak T. brag pug s. rock-cavern, j5m- 
 pak-ka nan T. brag pug-tu (byon-nas) bzugs 
 (-so) see Benfey, Pantschatantra 2. 556 P. 
 *|Ju-bo T. pur-pa s. a peg, pin, nail 
 M. 82 and pur-bu a post, a stake, pu-bo 
 tsdk vb. to fix stake; li pu-bo s. a post 
 of house; kur-sd pu-bo s. a tentpeg. 
 
 |iu-luk i. q. nyen yiim s. clotted milk. 
 
 *t)U-lun T. pu-dun, pu-run s. the sleeves 
 of coat, ta-go pu-lun the sleeves of jacket. 
 
 *|jut T. pud first fruits of the season 
 or the first of anything, as when shaught- 
 iug an animal, part first laid aside as 
 offering to the deity; rum-ka zo ci put 
 pu vb. to offer the first fruits of the 
 season to R. — a-p'iit 1. adj. early (as 
 fruits), 2. s. a portion offered to god: 
 fok-piit first fruits, annates, nim a-yu-do- 
 nun bo -ban kd-yu zon kup-nun mdl pat 
 io-wun-sd fok put fat lyot bo md kd-yu-la 
 a-re-nun a-ddk a-ndt md-nyin-nd mat-td 
 a-sdp a-min pyuk-bro-ld mat-kon-nd ydn 
 •md lu-lun fat md a prayer of this de- 
 scription is repeated by the Lepcha's on 
 offering to god their first fruits; — co 
 c6m-pldn-ka a-p'iit fat-byi (he) offered 
 burnt offerings on the altar G. — fam-put 
 s. first fruits of season. 
 
 (iun, pun pun i. q. diin diin drizzle, so 
 pun pun yu vb. to drizzle (rain). 
 
 *|jup T. 'bigs(-pa) vb. t. to bore M. 
 
 |Sur, piir pur cfr. T. 'pur-ba, 'pir-ba 
 (to fiy) fluttering (wings), flapping, fo p. 
 p. lam a bird to fly flabbing its wings. 
 
 |jur-rfp i. q. tuk-nyil rip s. name of plant. 
 
 *|iu 1. T. pug(-pa) see also pu-pak s. 
 a hole, a cavern, a cave; a forlorn, a 
 deserted place; *pu-ne T. pug and gnas 
 s. id., *pu-tso 'IS pug and 'tsogs ace. M. 
 i. q. L. tur-zok. 
 
 *tJu 2. T. pugs s. 1. end, termination, 
 2. the future, pu-ka nak-kd look to the 
 end, look to the consequences, pu-ka 
 gyum-md take care of the consequences. 
 
 *|JU-fya T. pugs-ta ace. Jaschke fr. the 
 
 Pers. &;:jsa,j adj. lasting, durable. pu(-fyd) 
 pu^-fyd) fup vb to be lasting, pu-fyd fup- 
 sdn mlo su-ld md-nyin-ne there is nothing, 
 that will last for ever; pu md-fyd-ne to 
 be temporary, to be transient. 
 
 [iu yuk T. pu^s) pret. of 'bud-pa and 
 yug s. a storm, a hurricane. 
 
 *(JUn T. pun fr. 'pun-ba s. damage, in- 
 jury, hurt, loss. 
 
 *|iun-bo T. pun-po (a mass, a heap) s. 
 a corpse, the body of a man, see L. fun. 
 *|iun-su T. pun-srid s. causing injury, 
 mischief-making, discord, disunion, alie- 
 nation, illwill; pun-su-bo s. a mischief- 
 maker, pun-su zuk vb. to make mischief, 
 to cause dispute; pun-su mun the demon 
 of discord. 
 
 |)ur s. mineral -water, pur fsa cu hot 
 mineral springs. 
 
 *tiur-bo s. T. pur-bu, pur-pa (see also 
 pii-bo).t'he planet Jupiter, Thursday. 
 
 *{je vb. T. podQ-pa) or T. perl to be 
 vigorous, to be capable of, to be effective. 
 [Je-da (Nepalese) bherd incorr. used for 
 luk a sheep. 
 
 |jen redupl. pj/w-pew-^awith a sharp sound, 
 p.-p.-ld op to go off with a sharp sound. 
 |ien see pyen. 
 |ien-tok see pyen-tok. 
 [Set see pydt. 
 
 |5et-sa le an exclamation of wonder, 
 surprise. 
 
 fjel, pel-Id pel-Id dangling to and fro', 
 pun-ku gal-lun p.-ld p'.-ld va the broken 
 wing hangs dangling to and fro. 
 
 [So, a-jio 1. s. a time, a-po re re zdn 
 occasionally, now and then, a-po-sd a-po 
 time by time, a-po sd-dyak sd-fet how 
 often, po kat one, once, (a-')po nydt two, 
 twice; hu-do mo td-bdk-ka a-po nydt lot 
 von-lun gyek Uii-sdn d can (he) enter the 
 second time into his mother's womb, and 
 be born? J.; po nydt-sd adjly. double, 
 tin par po nydt-sd kom a-yu-do kd-ka 
 bit -no and take double money in yom- 
 hand G. fan po kat one draught of drink, 
 (a-)po {a-^po at times, sometimes; po 
 rel-ld adv. each time, See t'yim, dyom. 
 
 15* 
 
^si 
 
 *tio-|5i5k 
 
 |J(Jh — *fSyi 
 
 *|So 2. s. T. po a male, po Mp a son; 
 po gye damages for adultery to injured 
 husband; po gyo (T. rgyas-pa) an able 
 young man, a fully developped man; po 
 ice kiip an only son; po fyd s. "resource 
 for the sons," a heirloom, ci-sd po fyd 
 a valuable heirloom ; po men s. an herma- 
 phrodite (male), mc'inen female; po fsen 
 s. relations on the male side; p'o don s. 
 a present offered to great man, a con- 
 ciliating offering. 
 
 *tJO nyd T. po nya s. an envoy, an 
 ambassador, a messenger. 
 
 (So bop s. the fat between the skin and 
 flesh of animals, subcutaneous fat. 
 
 *|J0 tdp T. po btab{-pa) vb. t. to re- 
 move and cast away, to release shade 
 from body of dead person: po top hi 
 nam-se dot id. 
 
 *f5o ril T. po ril s. black pepper. 
 *|So-rdn T. ^o-6raw s. a palace, a prince's 
 court, a residence pd-no p'o-rdn. 
 
 *fSok T. p'ogs s. pay, wages, salary, 
 allowance, (of money or food); — *p'ok 
 dok T. p. bdag(-pa) s. retribution, re- 
 taliation, vindication, vengeance, indig- 
 nation, resentment, pok dok sor vb. to 
 excite vengeance; rum-ka pok dok sor 
 to excite the indignation of god (as by 
 neglect of ceremonial offerings), a-lut-sd 
 p. d. indignation. 
 
 |iok dun s. the colon, gut, pok dun dak 
 s. the cholic. 
 
 fiotn, 1. pun -pom- Id crashing (sound), 
 pun-p'om-ld klo vb. to fall with crashing 
 sound. 
 
 *|Som 2. T.yow(-po) s. an ornamental fix- 
 ture, a decoration, an adornment, pom 
 zuk-fom-bo adj. decorated, gilded, beau- 
 tified; jer kdm nor -bu- nun ce pom zuk- 
 tdm-bo bedecked with gold silver and 
 jewels. 
 
 *|Jor T. por s. a cup, pa por s. a cup 
 or vessel for holding incense. 
 
 |Sol, pol pol adjly. brittle, frangible, 
 applied to earth, {fat) p. p. Ml (earth) 
 to crumble to pieces. See also pydl. 
 [idk see p'dk. 
 
 pok-kd for pdk-kd. 
 
 |idn see p'dn, pan, pon. 
 
 |)dt vb. to burst out, to split open, to 
 fall off, as plaster of wall, to break thro' 
 as fence, sd-ayak o-re-ka td-ram a-tim-sd 
 un-ram-pd'h p6t the same day were all 
 the fountains of the great deep broken 
 up G. ; lok-rem hd-yu ndk-sd/i-ka aye-ho-va 
 lyan-ka pot fi-lun hd-yu a-gyap md-ya-nd 
 sdn-ka tsok-kd-o charge the people, lest 
 they break through unto the lord, to 
 gaze, and many of them perish Ex; — 
 p6t-n6n adj. exploded, burst. — pot-ldt 
 s. explosion, eruption, outburst, convulsion, 
 paroxysm. 
 
 [idl vb. n. to overflow (as water), ka-yol 
 p6l tet blydn to fill a cup to overflowing, 
 un-kyon a-kin-ka p6l a river to overflow 
 its banks. 
 
 [Syak s. a species of cricket ki pydk-bo. 
 
 [jyak see pyok or pyuk. 
 
 (iyat, pydt pydt in small pieces, in small 
 quantities, pydt pydt dyok mat vb. to do 
 work by portions. 
 
 |jya 1, pya-ld adv. in a short time, ere 
 long, presently M. 69. 
 
 |jya 2. vb. t. to break in two, to divide, 
 to break asunder, to tear apart, to beat 
 in two, to detach, to disjoin, to disconnect, 
 pd-tin pya to break a stick; met. dyen 
 zon 16m pya-non the friendship is broken, 
 sak-cin pya to disconnect one's thoughts. 
 — ^2/a-fo'?ns. alienation, discord, separation, 
 disunion, co pya-lom schism. 
 
 |iyap, pyap pyap 1. idle talk, jabber, 
 chatter, p.-p\-bo s. a gabbler, p.-p. mat 
 vb. to chatter, to gabble. — 2. the sound 
 of beating. 
 
 |iyam, reduplic. pum-pyam-ld pum- 
 pyom-ld swollen, a-mlem pum-p.-ld a 
 swollen face. 
 
 *fiyf 1. T. spyi general, universal, para- 
 mount, *p'yi-pdn T. spyi-dpon s. a chief, 
 lord, paramount, p'yi.\-bo T. spyi-pa s. a. 
 chief, head man. 
 
 "■fiyi 2. T. pyi(-bd) vb. n. to be late, 
 to be behind hand, p'yi-M, pi-Id adv. late, 
 too late. 
 
"liyf— jiyert 
 
 *|jyen-bo — *|)y6k 
 
 235 
 
 *pyf 3 or [)f T. pyi-sa (excrement, or- 
 dure), see also fi; pi mat vb. to ease 
 nature Tbr. i. q. dyit lot or jit lot; — pyi 
 pyi-sd sit mat to cleanse body of pollution, 
 applied to the exorcism of evil spirits. 
 
 — pyi-bo s. adj. filth, dirt; unclean Tbr, 
 fjyi-bo md-zo-niin it is bad, do not eat it. 
 
 *fiyi 4. T. 'pyi(-ba) to wipe, to brush, 
 vb. t. to wipe off, to blot out, to scrub, 
 to scour e. c. ban pyi, to disperse, to 
 separate, to obliterate. 
 
 *tSyi-md T. pye-ma (flour) s. the flour 
 etc.- offerings on altar. M. 
 
 *{Jyi-ru T. byi-ru s. coral, pyi-rii lyak 
 s. a coral-necklace; pyi-rii, kun s. species 
 of tree; pyi-ru fam-blyok s. a species of 
 butterfly, red admiral, Papilio atalanta; 
 pyi-rii muk s. a plant, spec, of Hydro- 
 cotyles; pyi-ru rik s. a spec, of creeper; 
 pyi-rii a-klyen s. a piece of coral. 
 
 fjyit 1. adj. enough, sufficient; 2. vb. to 
 reach, to be sufficient, to be able; 3. adjly. 
 provident, economical, pyit-ld mat. to 
 economize, to be frugal of, a-lom-ka 
 pyit-ld mat-td-o save it for another time. 
 
 — pyit-bo 1. an economical, provident 
 person, 2. savings. 
 
 *lSyuk 1. T. pyug to be wealthy; pyuk-la 
 bro-ld mat-td-o may wealth and happiness 
 be yours. — *'pyuk-bo T. pyug-po s. a 
 rich man. 
 
 *fiyuk T. pyugs s. a drove or herd of 
 cattle. 
 
 *|jyu T. p'rul(-ba) vb. n. to be born, s. 
 pjocreation; pyu-non hatched, generated, 
 begotten, bik pyu bH the cow is pregnant, 
 generally applied by Lepcha' s to hatching 
 of eggs. 
 
 *tiyu-mo T. pru-ma s. the womb, pyu-mo 
 CO T. pru-ma cags to beget. 
 
 *t)ye T. /'V^rf> 'byed vb. t. to separate, 
 to divide, to sever, pye-non separated etc. 
 
 *|jye-ro T. p'ye-rogs along with, in com- 
 pany of, s. an adjunct, a companion; 
 part, portion, section, segment, a fraction. 
 
 pyen vb. n. to become matted, as hair, 
 to become stiff, to stick together, a-tsom 
 pyen-bo matted hair. 
 
 *|iyen-bo s. T. 'pren-ba s. a rosary, a 
 chaplet,|5^e/j-6o /i'd/ivb. to countbeads of ro- 
 sary ; j5?/&;i-6o tuk-tok-ka hydn vb.t. to hang 
 rosary on neck; pyen-bo bo-de s. a rosary- 
 bead (seed) oi bo-de, pyen-bo ra^-sd another 
 seed-bead; pyen zHn s. the chief bead of 
 r.; pyen-cet s. the divisions of a rosary. 
 
 [iyen tok s. a small basket for holding ci. 
 
 *t)yet T. pyed half, pyet ca adv. amidst, 
 tdm-bo pyet ca non-niin-sd dyesu tiil-ld 
 hla-gon-ka noh-liiri hlap-byi-bavi about 
 the midst of the feast Jesus went up 
 into the temple and taught. J. — pyet mat 
 vb. to halve, ^pyet ts'o T. pyed ts'os half 
 cooked. — tuk-pyet adj. little, half, tHk- 
 pyet. tiik-pyet adv. by degrees, by dublets, 
 tHk-pyet tiik-pyet ay ok mat vb. to do work 
 by little and little. 
 
 *|iyer see pyor T. fyyar{^ba) vb. t. to 
 spread, to diffuse, to disseminate, a-sut 
 rin pyer to propagate news, to promulgate, 
 to proclaim; vb. n. ddk pyer (disease) to 
 spread, to infect, ddk pyer-bo infectuous 
 disease. 
 
 *|iyo 1. T. byas fr. 'byed-pa to speak, 
 to make, to do, rin U iian pyo-niin man 
 nun-non did not interfere with their 
 conversation, but remained silent. 
 
 pyo 2. vb. to mix, to mingle with, to 
 accord with, to mix with, to agree with, 
 to be in partnership; to accord with; 
 — pyo -bo s. 1 a mixture, a mingling, 
 anything harmonious or in accordance 
 with, 2. a partner, a coadjutor. 
 
 liyon or pyoA pyon loitering, idling, 
 dawdling, p. p. mat vb. to loiter, to be 
 unemployed; p. p. mat-bo a loiterer, an 
 idler. 
 
 [jyonn see under pyam. 
 
 *fiy6 T. pra{-ba) adj. slight, slender, 
 thin, slim; vb. t. to thin; pyo krok very 
 slim and slender, 7«a-p^d-«Mwdonotthinit. 
 
 *|)y(5-mO T. pyag-ma s. a broom, pyo- 
 mo-niin pyok vb. t. to sweep with broom. 
 
 *|jydk 1. see 'ca, cok T. pyag s. the hand, 
 p'yok tsa T. pyag'tsal-ba vb. to make a 
 very low reverence, td-dyO, vyet nyOm, 
 sd hd-nyi kup-sdn a-zHt-ka fi-liin pyok tsa 
 
236 
 
 ^tJy6k-|Jy6l 
 
 fa— fa-tfm fo 
 
 the handmaidens came near, they and 
 their children, and they bowed them- 
 selves G. 
 
 *|jydk 2. T. pyag{-pa) vb. t. 1. to sweep, 
 li pyok to sweep a house, 2. to clear away, 
 to eyacuate, to wash away, nydt so-blyak- 
 nun pdk-kd pyok-non the crop by the 
 heavy rain has been completely washed 
 away; pyok to vb. to prepare lodging, 
 go-nun li sd lum-ddn-pdn kor-ka bam-lyan 
 pyok fo I have prepared the house and 
 room for the camels Gr.; — 3. to take a 
 way, md-ro lut jryok-kd t. away the filthy 
 fellow; — 4. to confiscate property of 
 person without heirs, tem-bo-nun pyok 
 confiscated by government; — 5. to spoil, 
 pyok dydn id. li kyon-rem pyok-bdn they 
 spoiled the city G.; li-ka sd-re nyi-wun 
 giin~nd pyok bu-non they spoiled even all 
 that was in the house G. c. c.-ka,riim-nun 
 lyan var-rd var-rd-sd li kyon-pdn-ka pyok 
 dydn-ba when God destroyed the cities 
 of the plain G. 
 
 *|iydn T. pran, 'pran (a narrow path) 
 in L. s. a difficulty, strait, py6n-ka ti 
 vb. to come into a strait, to fall into 
 difficulty. 
 
 [iydt, pydt-ld or py6t-td pyot-td (Jyot-td 
 fydt-td in small quantities) in small pieces 
 or quantities grains by grains, py6t-td 
 pyot-td dek lira vb. n. to be torn to sheets. 
 See pya. 
 
 |jydn-na |iyan-na i. q. pyol pyol. 
 
 *|jydr T. pyar(-ba) vb. to display, to 
 unfold, to rise up, to flourish, to brandish, 
 to fly, to be scattered, as by wind, c. 
 c.-ka e. c. siiA-mut-ka py6r(-liin kl6n) to give 
 to the winds, to annihilate ; fydn-ka p'yor 
 nyon to scatter enemies; dak pyor-non 
 illness to be dispelled. 
 
 |Sydl, pyol pyol crumbling, falling to 
 pieces, p. p. glo non to fall to pieces. 
 See pol. 
 
 ' fa the fifteenth letter of the L. alpha- 
 bet: English f. 
 
 fa- prefix: 1. reduplication before 
 roots beginning with / or v, see also 
 fiik-, fun-, e. c. fd-vyor-ld s. v. vyor, fd- 
 flok-ld s. V. flok; see vat, vap, vi, vor, vya, 
 etc. fin, fon, fyek, fru; — 2. prefix forming 
 numerals see fd-li, fd-no; — 3. prefix 
 forming nouns in s. of male gender, e. c. 
 fd-lyen s. youth (see lyen in opp. nUm- 
 lyen), fd-gron tin n. pr. (in opp. nd-gron- 
 nyo), see nd-, num- 4. i. q. fo prefixed to 
 a number of words signifying names of 
 birds c. c. fd-mn-fo, fd-d6n-fo etc. 
 
 fa 1. vb. to laugh at, to joke, to jest 
 with, to humbug, ho fd-bam-mun-d are 
 you jesting? — fd-bo s. a jester; a wit, 
 a joke. — nun-fd adj. ridicule, burlesque. 
 
 fa, 2. a-fa s. harvest. 
 
 fa-kf fo i. q. fd-ki fo. 
 
 fa-gron (tin) s. the god of procreation, 
 {nd-zon nyo his wife). 
 
 fa-iio T. Ina num. five, fd-no-bo{-re) the 
 fifth; fd-no tap: kd-ti fd-no tap: kd-kat- 
 sd fd-no fifteen. 
 
 fa-ciii fo s. n. of a bird. Accentor 
 strophiatus M.; see also Je 2,232. 
 
 fa-cim fo s. name of bird, spec, of tit. M. 
 
 fa-jf fo s. stripe-throated flower-pecker 
 (one or two specc.) Yuhina gularis etc., 
 Je 2,261. 
 
 fa-jfr fo s. a spec, of Himalayan siskin. 
 
 fa-jum fo i. q. tm-jdm fo, td-jum q.v. 
 
 fa-nyen fo i. q. fd-lin fo. 
 
 fa-tfm fo s. 1. green -breasted ground- 
 thrush spec. Pitta M. Je 504 ace. W. 
 
fa-t'ak fo— fa-lfn fo 
 
 fa-lok— fat 
 
 237 
 
 Pitta cuculata E. 220, 2. also some ima- 
 ginary bird mentioned in P., the Tibetan 
 text has pug-ron (pigeon). See fdt-tim. 
 
 fa-t'ak fo i. q. kd-fdk fo q. v. 
 
 fa-t'yan-bo s. deceiver: Ex. 27,12 go-nun 
 hu mik-ka fd-fydn-bo nun-lun kd-do pldn- 
 ka mun-lom md-go-ne yan-ld a-rik fit- 
 kdn-so I shall seem to him as a deceirer; 
 and I shall bring a curse upon me and 
 not a blessing. 
 
 fa-du fo s. a parroquet, fd-du fo lon-bo s. 
 "a leader of ditto" the name of a goddess. 
 
 fa-ddn fo s. a large species of pheasant 
 (lives near the snowy range) Impey- 
 pheasant, Lophophanes impeyanus R. 208, 
 Je 3,510; fd-don fo kop s. 1. the plume 
 of ditto 2. name of plant i. q. pa-tse hi. 
 
 fa-dyu s. all the tribe of any small 
 birds i. q. fo-dyu, fo-di. 
 
 fa-nd-fo s. un fd-nd fo a spec, of heron, 
 Butorides javanica ace. W. un f'd-o nang 
 fo R. 209. 
 
 fa-nok kyok s. a spec, of bird, Zoothera 
 monticola, E. 218. 
 
 fa bii s. 1. the guinea-worm; fd hu hu 
 to be afflicted with g. w. 2. see fo-bu. 
 
 fa-tnak fo s. a large species of dove, 
 bronze -backed imperial pigeon, Carpo- 
 phaga insignis M. Je 3,457 see fo-mok. 
 
 fa-ydii fo s. the grey-winged blackbird 
 Morula boulboul M. Je 525; f.-y. fo fyak 
 dum Morula castanea. 
 
 fa-rf fo s. species of parrot (yellow- 
 beaked) M. 
 
 fa-ryuk fo s. spec, of parrot, /. ry. fo 
 sim mat (rice) to be approaching ripeness 
 (becoming red in allusion of the colour 
 of the bird's tail.) 
 
 fa-ryiil fo s. slaty-headed scimetar- 
 babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps or 
 mountain -wren Suya criniger; see fd- 
 hryum-fo. ■ 
 
 fa-|lf num. T. bzi four; fd-li-ho re the 
 fourth; fd-li tap (for kd-ti fd-li tap: kd 
 kat-sd fd-li) fourteen. 
 
 fa-lfn fo 1. improper: fd-nyen fo s. 
 scarlet grosbeak, Haematospiza sipahi M. 
 Je 2,394. 2. spec, rose-finch. • 
 
 fa-lok s. spec, of Gryllus, fd- lok tuk- 
 nyom. 
 
 fa-hu fo i. q. fd-wu-fo. 
 
 fa-hryuk fo s. i. q. fd-ryuk fo q. v. 
 
 fa-hryum fo (see kd-hryum-fo) s. applied 
 to one or two specc. of babbler (or thrush 
 species) Pomatorhinus schisticeps (ery- 
 throgenys) etc. R. 211, Je 2,30. 
 
 fa-va expletive to sd-vd see vd, vd 3. 
 
 fa-vdii fo s, hair-crested drongo Chibia 
 hottentota M. Je 430. W. in R. 214. 
 
 fa-5un fo s. n. of a treedove, Macropygia 
 tusalia M. Je 3,473. 
 
 fa-wu f s. the green pigeon, see kd-ivu fo. 
 
 fa-iir fo i. q. kd-vr fo. 
 
 fak, fdk-bo adj. transparent, translucent, 
 adv. fdk-ld; co-gu fdk-ld t. paper; redupl. 
 fuk-fdk-bo adj, fuk-fdk-ld adv. transparent 
 white, fuk-fdk-ld du vb. n. to be trans- 
 parent white. See fin. 
 
 fak 1. vb. t. to scrape up with finger 
 as pot or plate, Id-de fdk-lun zo. 
 
 fak 2. (see po-k) throughout, completely, 
 fdk-kd or fuk-kd fdk-kd throughout, alto- 
 gether, wholly, plainly; fdk-ld id., sd-nyi 
 fdk-ld throughout the day; fdk-kd li vb. 
 to speak plainly; fdk-ld pld to come 
 through, to penetrate; fuk-kd fdk-kd right 
 thro,' fuk-kd fdk-kd dp vb. to fire right 
 thro'. 
 
 fak-ram see fok-ram. 
 
 fat vb. n. to break or become detached 
 as skin, flesh, bone, (a-hrdt) fat to break 
 (bone), to become detached as articles 
 with grooves, joints; to be broken or 
 interrupted, as sleep, meditation; to be 
 dissolved as friendship dyen-zon fat, con- 
 nexion, marriage, hri fdt-non to be dissol- 
 ved; — to be dislocated not broken; to be 
 broken as wind, to discontinue, to perish; 
 met. vb. t. c. sok q. v. to break off as 
 habits, ci sok fat to b. off the habit of 
 drinking spirits. 
 
 fat s. earth M. 101, fat lek id. (let M. 136 
 incorr.); also fat, T. sa — see lyan, 1. ele- 
 mentary substance (opp.w?5,) soil, ground, 
 dry land, fdt ryu gdn tarn ryu if the soil 
 be good, the produce will be good. — 
 
238 
 
 fat 
 
 (fat,)— fal 
 
 fat md-Kyd-ne there is no earth, no bottom 
 said of deep water. — fat krek dry earth; 
 
 — fdt cit rich, fertile soil; — fdt c6k rich 
 earth without stone; — fdt nydr hron to 
 be soft and come up easily as after the 
 rain. — fdt ddn burnt earth, a brick; — 
 fdt nok black earth as good soil or bog- 
 earth, mud; fdt nok uii water of bogs; — 
 fdt dum any white earth; chalk; — fdt 
 bu bad soil; — fdt bol (ryu) rich good 
 soil virgin soil; — fdt fyiim applied to a 
 good appearance of a field after the crop 
 is come, as before cut at harvest. — fdt-ka 
 fyop-re nam mat i. q. fdt ryop-re zdn see 
 fyof and ryof. — fdt-ka a-yum nyi the 
 earth is adhesive. — fdt-tun a-sum blon-ld 
 pld the steam comes out of earth in 
 puffs. — fdt lap vb. to bury. — fdt sd- 
 c/ram-ka md-non-nd tet till death. — fdt- 
 sd rip s. ground-flowers, opp. to kun rip 
 tree flowers. — fdt sd-dyak Friday. — 
 fdt-sd gen. : adjly : earthen, fdt zuk-fom-bo 
 earthen. — the earth, the universum 
 i. q. siik-dum q. v., fdt td-lyan earth and 
 heaven, the universum; — td-lyan pup fdt 
 den tin to cover the earth and heaven. — 
 fdt-sd hyir the tiger Tbr. — territory, 
 land fdt zor land subdivided as by 
 streams. — 
 
 Compounds: fdt-gi s. the insect the 
 soldier; — fat-grot s. gravel, stony ground; 
 
 — fdt-jdn dor s. a species of mushroom, 
 edible; — fdt-ji s. 1. sand, 2. a spec. 
 num-dak, fdt-ji t'am-blyok s. a species of 
 butterfly, fdt-ji rip s. specc. of Japonica, 
 Gardenia; — fdt-tim ace. W. „the earthly 
 headed" a bird Pelargopsis gurial and 
 Pitta cuculata R. 205, 220 ; — fdt tun-biim 
 s. a species of grubworm; — fdt-den (T.- 
 gdan a dwelling place) s. the world; — 
 fdt-n6kkydk fas. "the earthlyblack "kyak" 
 plain-backed" mountain-thrush Oriocincla 
 moUissima, 0. dauma R. 218 and several 
 other specc. see fd-nokkyok; — fdtpo s. 
 a ridge of earth; — fdt plydk s. a lump 
 of earth, a clod; — fdt-yum s. clay, sticky 
 earth ; — fdt-yor fo name of bird spec, of 
 stone-chat; — fat-rut s. a. land. slip. — 
 
 fdt-lim s. earth that has been dug up and 
 put aside. — fdt lom-bo s. a traveller on 
 foot. — fdt-lyan s. good, rich earth. — 
 fdt suk,-vyer s. mud, mire. — fdt dyok s. 
 slime. 
 
 (fat,) tuk-fat s. the proper food or what 
 is good for animals, grazing ground, etc. 
 kd-ju-sd tuk-fdt man gum the dog's food 
 is meat, bik-sd tuk-fdt p6n gum the cow's 
 food is grass. 
 
 fin 1. vb. t. to disjoint, to dislocate 
 fdn-non disjointed; to break off at joints, 
 see fdt, pan. 
 
 fan 2 (see pari) vb. n. to be inconscious, 
 fdn-nd fdn-nd i. q. pdn-nd pdn-nd ex- 
 presses a heedless or absent state of mind; 
 fdn(;-na) fdn{-nd) 16m to go along leisurely 
 or carelessly; fdn-lun klo to fall in a state 
 of inconsciousness. 
 
 fan vb. t. 1. to kindle fire, to burn in 
 fire, to incinerate, 2. to scorch, to heat 
 (as iron), to cauterize, to torrefy, to bake 
 in ashes; to consume inwardly (with malice) 
 to backbite; to censure or accuse one in- 
 justly, to bear false witness, to defame, 
 to scandalize. — fdn-ldt s. defamation, 
 calumny; f. I. md-U-nun do not speak 
 scandal, do not traduce. ^ — a-^ans. burning, 
 a-fdn gyit s. those among the Lepchas 
 who burn their dead. M. 
 
 fam, a-fam s, an occasional treat, a luxury 
 (casual), a-zom a-fdm Ex.; fdm tsUm to 
 meet with a treat. 
 
 fdr 1., far, a-f^r s. a sheet, a lamina, 
 stratum, layer, flake, pellicle, thin slice 
 dum-fdr single cloth, sheet of cloth, co 
 gu /"a?' paper-sheet, far <fa-6o lying in sheets. 
 
 fdr 2, fdr-ra far-ra light zephyrs, aura, 
 f.-rd f.-rd di vb. to come in gentle bree- 
 zes; f.-rd f.-rd U vb. to feel a coolness 
 as if a breeze was blowing on one's person. 
 
 far 1. s. rust, verdigris pun-jen fdr etc.; 
 2. vb. n. to be rusty, fdr-non rusted, oxi- 
 dated, fdr fa-non rust-eaten; met. stale 
 e. c. ri/l fdr stale news. 
 
 fal vb. n. to fall off as leaves, horns, 
 nails of fingers, hair, sd-vin-niin a-ron fdl 
 the stag sheds it's horns; 2. vb. t. to break 
 
fal-la-fat 
 
 fan— fap 
 
 239 
 
 off, as tubers of ginger hin fdl. — td-fdl 
 s. falling off, dropping off, dom td-fdl s. 
 leprosy in which the fingers and toes fall 
 off in opp. to sd-lan q. cfr. 
 
 fal-la reduplic. of fyel, fijdl q. v. 
 
 fa, 1. vb. t. to dig, to dig up, huh fa to 
 dig for yams; — 2. to swim un fa, fa-liin 
 pld to swim out; fa fa swimming; — 3. 
 vb. n. to issue out, to burst forth fa fa 
 bursting forth applied to grain, to issue 
 out, to discharge as pus, matter from 
 boils, hymn fa-non the swelling has 
 burst; — 4. (to taste insipid) redupl. fa 
 fa li\ fam-ho part, and fd-fa-ld adv. in- 
 sipid UQ-re klyom) fd-fa-ld the vegetables 
 are insipid. 
 
 fa 2. appliedto young shoots when cook- 
 ed, pd-ruk fa a young shoot cooked. — 
 fa, a-fa s. earning of reapers, present of 
 grain to reapers dyek-hun-sd fa. — td-fa 
 s. 1. rice or maize parched dry and broken, 
 td-fa dyan vb. to pound ditto. 2. a spec, 
 of fern td-fa tun-krok. 
 
 fak vb. t. to put over fire, to dry as 
 meat, fish man, no fak, grain zo fak, to 
 preserve ci by keeping it in smoke ci fak; 
 to fumigate, to shed odour around with 
 incense pa fak. 
 
 fak- redupl. of fok q. v. 
 
 fari vb. t. to cut wood into lengths, to 
 hew, kun fan to cut w. into logs, vb. n. 
 to break or fall into pieces as tree; — 
 advly. right thro', transparent a-6m fan- 
 ka U to see light shining thro', un fan 
 can to made across several bars of a river 
 litly. to cut bars in a river as of a winding 
 stream. — td-fan, a-fan 1. a piece, a bar; 
 a log of wood: kuii td-fan; piin-jen td-fan 
 a bar of iron; 2. the length of anything 
 (yam, fish, cucumber, sausage, bamboo, 
 3. a bent or compass of river. , 
 
 fat 1. vb. t. to offer, to sacrifice, a-put 
 riim-ka fat make your first fruits; 2. s. 
 the offering oblation, an offering unto god, 
 sacrifice, thanks-giving, rum fat a cere- 
 monial service, where offerings are made; 
 a-fat or a-fat a-lyot s. an offering. 
 
 fat 2. vb. t. T. byed (-pa) to finish, to 
 
 complete, vb. aux. postp. of the perf. of 
 trans, (and cans.) verbs, fat-ha id., fat-so 
 postp. of fut. exact., fat-pu postp. of con- 
 junct, praeteriti see M. Gr. 45/6 e. c. a-re- 
 nun yo-nun a-yuvi a-lom diin fat there- 
 fore said I unto you J. ; tit-fat-yam-o perf. 
 of cans, of ti (to arrive) (he) has caused 
 to arrive, in opp. to fi-non-ne-yam-o (he) 
 arrived, (he) has arrived; i. s. of „com- 
 plete" or „ finished" e. c. as z6 zo-fat-a 
 have you completely finished eating? dyok 
 zuk-lel-fat, the work is completely finished ; 
 go li fat I have spoken; den ri-lun yd 
 fat (we) believe and are sure J.; implies 
 also to reject, forsake, abandon, to eject, 
 e. c. kd-yum md-fat-tun-o do not forsake 
 us; fat md-h'vn-ne not to be able, to get 
 rid of (as disgrace); (no) tso fat (fish) to 
 spawn; jer-pdn gun-nd td-se-ni/n giin-nd 
 fat fat all the gold Padmasambhava took 
 and flung away, cast to the winds; un fat 
 („to eject water") s. the confines of water, 
 united with tvr-hi tur-sok q. v. ; — vb. n. 
 to recover, a-re uk sd-fa-ki fat md-Uvn-ne 
 can never recover from this shame; — 
 vb. n. to be lost, to lose, kd-su kd-kyvp 
 fat-non I have lost my ring; su Id md- 
 fat-nd-sdn-ka a-hlok a-pan-pdn gyom-md 
 gather up the fragments that remain, that 
 nothing be lost. — a-fat adj. lost a-fat 
 a-hram a-kup s. a foundling. 
 
 fan 1. see fdn. 
 
 fan2.vb.t. to mimic, to imitate, to copy, 
 to ape, to simulate; — fan-ydm-ho s. a 
 mimic; — fan Idt s. imitation, mimicry, 
 mockery, simulation, parody; — a-fan s. 
 imitation, mimicry. 
 
 (fan 3,) nun-fan or num-fan or num-fan 
 num-len s. vituperation reproach; aversion, 
 repugnance, anthipathy, rancour, enmity, 
 fam-rin fam-hon li gdn num-fan num-len 
 fop-so if you threaten to prosecute him, 
 you will inspire aversion. 
 
 fap 1. fap-pdfap-pd 1. good, mealy, said 
 of huk mealy yams ; 2. also fap-pd fop-pd 
 noise of eating, fo zo fap-pd fap-pd fyek 
 the bird munching corn ejects the husk, 
 kd-l6k zo fap-pd fap-pd fyek the rat id. 
 
240 
 
 fap-ff 
 
 ff-fik 
 
 td-fap s. the mouth Tbr. td-fap tot vb. 
 to grin, to laugh Tbr. 
 
 (fap 2.) td-fap s. mildew in grain, zo td- 
 fap; td-fap bik s. an insect, species of 
 cicada. 
 
 fam 1. vb. to eat hastily, to gobble, fam- 
 bo s. a gobbler; tur-fam-mo s. Tbr. rice. 
 — fyam, fyam fyam quickly, nimble- 
 fingered, chiefly applied when eating zo\ 
 fyam fyam zdm-bo a. a sharp practicioner 
 .at eating. 
 
 fam 2, fam-bo i. q. fd-fa-ld see fa. -^ 
 
 fam kun s. name of tree, the spec, of 
 Phoenix, fam pdt the fruit (edible) cf. 
 f. k.; — fam-let kun s. a spec, of Phoenix 
 M. ace. Wtt. M. 22. S. 1911 phamlet Ma- 
 chilus odoratissimus ace. L. 470 Litsaea 
 elongata; — „fam-si-kol" ace. Wtt. E.409. 
 Eugenia formosa. 
 
 far 1. i. q. far. 
 
 far far i. q. for for. 
 
 far 1., a-far s. price, value of labour 
 portion of produce given to assistent; — 
 fam far the price of a thing; ay ok far 
 the value of work (wages); a-far sd-tet 
 go what did you pay? a-far sak-cin-nun 
 md-fak-ne invaluable ; a-far bi vb. to give 
 portion to assistent; hik-sd a-far-nun the 
 price obtained by selling fowls. 
 
 far, /a-Zar- adj. concave, see under a-jwZem. 
 
 fal i. q. fdl q. v. 
 
 ff 1. vb. n. to be scratched as from nail, 
 pin etc., ju-nun fi-non to be scratched by 
 thorns; 2. s. old fragment, rag, remnant, 
 a-fi id. ; td-lu fi a remnant of a mat. 
 
 ff 2. s. a species fish. 
 
 ff 3. s. 1. direction; adv. i. q. fi-ka to- 
 wards, a-fi in this direction, o-fi in that 
 d., fe-fi thither, there ; fi sUn-mut in the 
 direction the windblows, hence s. a favour- 
 able breeze, prosperous wind P.; so yut 
 fi the direction the rain is falling; ndn- 
 so fi the direction in which one has to 
 go; hd sd findn fi in whatever direction 
 thou mayst go. — 2. time, season, sd-tet 
 fi how long a time, ayek fi harvest-time ; 
 so myan fi zuk-so I shall do it during the 
 approach of the raining weather. 
 
 ff 4 (ger. fi-m, caus. fi-t, fyi-i) to be 
 stinking, formidable, terrible, poisonous, 
 noxious, fatal, mortal, e. c. o-re pd-rok fi 
 bam that bamboo-shoot is poisonous; fi 
 ri-ndm see fim ri-ndm; awe-inspiring, 
 frightful, aweful, fi ndm to feel present- 
 ment of death, to stand agast, to be seized 
 with a nervous creeping or horror betok- 
 ening the death of some friend vid-ro 
 mak-so-ba fi fi n&m when a man is going 
 to die he feels a presentment. — s. the 
 breath or spirit of death, fi-nun tuk vb. 
 to be overshadowed by the spirit of death; 
 fi mun s. the breath of death, the demon 
 of death see ji fi; — in s. of darkness 
 so fi dark; — fi fi adjly, horrific, fi-bo id., 
 (fi-'^fi-ld-bo id., fi-fi-ld-sd sd-gor an appal- 
 ing precipice; fi-fi li vb. to be inspired 
 with dread or awe, to feel presentment 
 of death. 
 
 fim, a-fim adj. stinking, poisonous, 
 deadly, terrible, formidable, so un fim rat 
 ndn the terror of the storm has subsided; 
 fim ri-nom s. an oppressive smell, a no- 
 xious exhalation, a mephitic vapour, a 
 stink. 
 
 fit vb. t. or caus. to eject anything bad, 
 pit fit to eject a peditum on another per- 
 son; to deposit eggs applied to pd-ron; 
 to spit as cat a-lyii fit; — vb. n. to be 
 infected by smell a-ri fit; met. to be il- 
 legitimate (child), krok-bo-niin fit to the 
 illegitimate offspring of a great man; a- 
 kvp fit an illegitimate child, base-born, 
 bastard; also of gold or silver in s. of 
 plating, gilding, spurious, false jer fit, 
 kdm fit.-fit-bo adj. false, spurious etc. 
 
 ffk 1. vb. t. to tear as cloth Mm fik, 
 paper, also as boar with tusk mon-tsii, vik- 
 niin fik to split, to lacerate, to cry with 
 a sharp hissing sound, to make a tearing 
 noise, as cat when angry, to spit sd-ci fik 
 the thar utters his cry ; a-lyii fik the cat 
 spits. 
 
 fik 2, fik-ld adv. : close but not to touch, 
 lightly brushingly, dyu fik-ld di or non 
 the bullet whisked by; a-i-i fik-ld ndm 
 a light pleasant smell i. q. a-n ddl-ld ndm. 
 
ffk — fuA-num 
 
 fum — (fut) ta-fut 
 
 241 
 
 ffk s. time, season i. q. fi 2. 
 
 ffn cfr. T. mtin vb. n. to be clear as 
 water or sky; — a-fin 1. adj. clear, trans- 
 parent, a-fin nan to become clear ; 2. blue. 
 — fin-nci fin-nd 1. clear, lucid, 2. blue, 
 3. fair, beautiful, comely (as woman). — 
 redupl. fun-fin-bo adj., fun-fin-la adv. blue. 
 
 ffn-fo ("/?'»«" its call) s. the red-eared 
 bay- woodpecker Venilia pyrrhotis, M. 
 Je. 291, ace. W. fi-ing Blythipicus pyrrh- 
 otis; fin-fo mydt (the woodpecker) to 
 cry persistently by which cry monkeys 
 are said to be attracted. 
 
 fft see fi. 
 
 fft or fyit, fyit-td fyit-td switching (noise) 
 fyit-td fyit-td biik to switch. 
 
 fft or fyit s. a contrivance for catching 
 fish no-fyit; fyit fo s. the ribs (teeth) of 
 the fyit-trap. 
 
 ffm see fi. 
 
 ffl 1. for fydl q. v.; 2. see tHk-fil. 
 
 fiik- reduplic. of fak, fuk, fyek etc. fitk- 
 fuk-ld ovfd-fuk-ld dirty, bad complexioned. 
 
 furi- reduplic. of fin, van, van etc. 
 
 fun, a-fuii s. a corpse; also fUn fiin, 
 a-fun lap vb. to bury a corpse, a-fUn 
 luk vb. to exhumate, a- fiin luk tek vb. 
 to rebury, a-fUn tHk-fil s. a species of ant. 
 a-fUn fan vb. to burn a corpse; a-fu,ri ran 
 vb. to sit on watch over a corpse; a-fUn 
 zuk vb. to put on the shroud; a-fUn tek vb. 
 to perform funeral ceremonies; a-fUn tek- 
 la s. sepeliundi modus J. fiin zdn da nyi 
 to lie like a corpse; fiin so-bo s. funeral 
 bearers P.; fiin so-sd lyan s. hurrying 
 ground, cemetery; fiin prok s. a shroud, 
 fiin prok-kd ka-den or fiin prdk-sd dum id. P. 
 
 fut, a-fut s. a handle,, the shaft of spear; 
 a- fat nyim-bo having a handle, having 
 foundation, purchase, power; a-fut md- 
 nyin-niim-bo false, unfounded; ban fUt s. 
 a knife-handle; — tHk-fiit s. 1. a handle 
 as of knife etc., 2. a small pestle. 
 
 fun vb. n. to be isolated i. q. td q. v. 
 
 fun- redupl. of van etc. q. v. 
 
 fun-num s. an enemy (Old Lepcha) now: 
 fUn-jiim s. an enemy (seejiim), fUn-niim 
 fUn-zom. 
 
 fum- redupl. of vyam q. v., fUm-vyam-ld 
 crooked. 
 
 fum i. q. fdm q. v. 
 
 fur 1. vb. to hasten one's self; to be 
 assiduous, to be sedulous, to stick to a 
 work, to be indefatigable. — fUr-bo adj. 
 persistent, s. a person obstinately resolv- 
 ed on a thing. — fUr-rd fUr-rd 1. zea- 
 lously 2. quickly as bird's flying fUr-rd 
 fUr-rd ayok zuk vb. to work persistently. 
 
 — fvr-ldt s. 1. alacrity, zeal, energy, 2. 
 assiduity, industry, laboriousness, drudg- 
 ery, indefatigability. — td-fUr s. diligence, 
 adj. plodding, mi td-fUr one who sticks 
 beside the fire, nyot td-fixr one who sticks 
 to his work in the field. 
 
 fur 2. fd-fHr-ld flattering as thin dress 
 by wind. 
 
 ful i. q. fdl vb. n. to fall off itself as 
 fruit, horns, button etc. 
 
 (ful) ta-ful s. a tube, a piece of bamboo 
 for blowing the fire with or for passing 
 a string thro' and leading a dog to pre- 
 vent its biting. 
 
 ful- redupl. see fiil-ld fyel-la i. q. fdl-ld 
 fyel-ld see under fyel, fydl. 
 
 fu 1., fu-m early morning son fum, fu-ld 
 adv. early, soon, in a few days, shortly 
 applied to the past, as well as future; 
 nam fu-ld-ka in a few years; td-so fu-ld 
 fi (he) arrived short time ago; fu-ld di-so 
 will come soon. 
 
 fu 2. vb. t. to cut the roots of deep- 
 growing plants as arum-spec, to prevent 
 the bulb growing low, buk-fu see riik-sil. 
 
 — fum, a-fum s. the root or bulb of 
 potatoes near the surface, a cut root to 
 prevent deep growing, buk fum a yam 
 so cut. 
 
 fu 3. adj. ferruginous, reddish (as water 
 tinctured with iron) un fu muddy brown, 
 fu a-ri a f. taste. 
 
 (fut), reduplic. fUt-td fut-td adv. with 
 briskness, f.-td f.-td dyok mat vb. to 
 stimulate, urge on work. 
 
 (fut) ta-fut 1. s. seminal discharge with 
 odour, 2. the gland of musk-deer, hog, 
 etc.; t.-f. ri-nom the smell as of goat, 
 
 16 
 
242 
 
 fun— fo 
 
 fo 
 
 pig etc.; sd-hur ta-fut ri-nom the smell 
 of the musk-bag of the musk-deer. 
 
 fun vb. t. to make propitiatory vows 
 to evil spirit, to deprecate malignity mun 
 fun; — t'am-fun s. things promised in 
 case of recovery of patient etc. 
 
 fup, a-fwp s. inner skin of grain, inner 
 crust, sheath, pellicle, mon fup the husk 
 of millet, kun-tson fup the skin over 
 grains of maize; kol fup the skin over 
 kernel of walnut; nyor fup the epidermis 
 of ear. — td-fup s. id. zo td-fup s. the 
 inner husk of grain. 
 
 fum see fu. 
 
 fo 1. a bird M. 137. fo yu id. T. bya, 
 fo kyok vb. to pick (birds); fo tyuk vb. 
 (bird) to hop; fo tyer vb. (b.) to swoop; 
 fo dydr lam vb. to learn to fly as young 
 bird from mother, fo dydr no/'i to fly 
 with difficulty as young b. or wounded 
 bird; fo tsdt vb. to alight as birds; — fo 
 hlyon vb. to couple birds. 
 
 Comp. fo-kvf s. a young bird; fo-kup 
 tam-blydk s. a large dark and yellow 
 butterfly; fo-kup dor s. a spec, of mush- 
 room. — fo-kdp s. the feathers of wing 
 a quill. — fo-gon s. . the spur as of cock 
 etc. — fo jum fo dyok rik i. q. tun num 
 fo dyok rik s. a plant. — fo jok a partially 
 fledged bird; — fo td-gryu s. the crop, 
 the craw; — fo tak i. q. fo tok see tok; 
 
 — fo tap s. a snare for catching birds; 
 
 — fo ti s. a birds egg; — fo tim-fo s. 
 see fd-tim-fo; — fo tyul s. flock of birds; 
 
 — fo let a bird's settle ; — fo di s. small 
 birds, all specc. of small birds ; — fo d&p 
 s. a flight or flock of birds; ^ fo dyii. 
 i. q. fo di; — fo jmn-ku s. the wing, fo 
 pun-ku top vb. to flap wings; — fo pun- 
 ci s. the claw or talon; — fo pek s. a 
 contrivance for catching birds, fo pek sak 
 vb. to set f.-p.; — fo-bon s. a beak of 
 bird; — fo-bom s. a matured female b. 
 M. 27; — fo ma-lo s. a noose for catching 
 birds; — fo mik s. "eye of bird" sores 
 that break out on hands and feet of man, 
 ichthyosis fo mik pld vb. to appear 
 (ichthyosis); — fo myal s. the feathers 
 
 of b., the plumage, fo myal ot vb. to 
 moult; — fo tsdm s. a congregation of 
 birds; fo tsdm kUn s. a tree or place 
 where birds congregate, fo tsdm lyan id.; 
 
 — fo-tsuk s. a snare for catching birds ; 
 fo tson s. the crest; — fo yon fo i. q. fd 
 yon fo; — fo ryul fo i. q. fd-r.; — fo lik 
 s. 1. the call or song of b. 2. a snare 
 for b. ; — fo lydn a tame bird ; — fo lyen 
 a young fully fledged b. ; — fo lydn a 
 young b. able to fly a little but not far; 
 
 — fo von s. the roost i. c. Mt nan, fo von 
 nan vb. to roost; — fo von fo s. see fd- 
 von fo; — fo vydr s. a snare for birds; 
 
 — fo sa s. a path of birds; — fo sop s. 
 bird's skin, — fo sap s. the nest, fo sap 
 mat-tun-ka ti vb. to be in great distress, 
 to fall into difficulty Tbr. — fo a-ldm a 
 b. which can fly. — see no-fo, fd-. 
 
 fo 2, a-fo s. 1. a tooth of man, a-fo 
 a-dum a human being, a-fo-ka md-ri 
 blydn to have dirty teeth; — fo kral s. 
 a toothpick, fo kral pd-tin s. id. ; fo krdl- 
 sd krdl vb. to pick teeth with /. kr.; — 
 fo krom projecting teeth; — fo A>-d^ jagged 
 or wide-apart teeth; — (a-) fo gom s. the 
 back teeth ; — (a-) fo grit Id or ta vb. 
 to grind the teeth from anger, pain or 
 in sleep; — a-fo gli s. the roots of teeth; 
 
 — a-fo jan vb. to be lock-jawed; fo jan 
 ddk lockjaw; — fo jin-nd jin-nd mat vb. 
 to grin, to show teeth; fo sUn-jen-ld ex- 
 posed teeth; — fo nyit decayed teeth; — 
 a-fo nyit-tun ta vb. to have decayed 
 teeth; — fo nyel s. teeth and gum; — fo 
 ban s. the roots of teeth; — fo bu s. a 
 "tooth-worm" canker in teeth, rotten 
 teeth, (a-) fo bu ddk s. tooth-ache, fo bu- 
 nun ta hollow tooth; fo bu td-lam s. a 
 gum -boil; fo bii rik s. a creeper (root 
 used for filling and soothing pain of 
 hollow tooth); — fo zdl s. the foreteeth, 
 incisors; — {a-)fo z6m vb. to clinch teeth 
 together, to bite the lips; — fo tsop two 
 teeth united; — /b lun s. wisdom-teeth; 
 
 — a-fo hyek vb. to show the teeth, to 
 grin in anger or otherwise; — fo hryap 
 hollowed tooth; — fo vik s. 1. a tusk 
 
fo— fok 
 
 fok— fdn mun 
 
 243 
 
 2. an eyetooth; — a-fo sol a tooth to grow 
 behind another, fo sol s. irregular teeth, 
 one growing before the other; — fo uyit 
 s. tartar in teeth; — a-fo ctyuk vb. to 
 change the teeth as children. — See fom 
 vb. to masticate. — 2. taste, flavour, fo 
 yd vb. to know flavour, to have a taste 
 for anything or to desire for anything, 
 fo-ydm-bo s. a taster, an epicure; — 3. a 
 tooth of saw etc., edge of knife, ban fo, 
 teeth of comb hrit fo; the muller in 
 grinding, the upper as weights on yet q. v., 
 liin cak fo the muller, the part of the 
 3/et-trap (for fish) that holds down the prd 
 (the stones of it). 
 
 fo 3. vb. n. to rave, to speak nonsense, 
 to be delirious, du ddk-lunfo to be delirious 
 in ieyer;jdn-bo zda fo to rave like a mad 
 man ; mik-krap-ka fo kydn to talk in sleep ; 
 in comp. c. sak: sak fo to be depressed 
 in spirits. 
 
 fo bu s. 1. see under fo 2.; 2. name of in- 
 sect that infects the leaves of Eugenia 
 jambolana, hence sometimes applied to 
 the tree itself, see tuk-gldh: fo bu kun 
 Wtt. E. 419. 
 
 fo mok (fo see fo and fd-) ace. W. E. 
 208 s. n. of a bird, Carpophaga insignis. 
 
 fo vdn ace. W. R. 214 „fo vong" s. n. 
 of a bird Chibia hottentota. See fd-von. 
 
 fo hryum ace. W. R. 211 ,,'phor-rhyum'''' 
 s. n. of birds Pomatorhinus schisticeps 
 and Pomatorhinus erythrogenys. 
 
 fo lin ace. W. R. 219. n. of a bird, Hae- 
 matospiza sipahi and Propasser edwardsi. 
 See fd-lin. 
 
 fok 1. vb. t. to scoop out, to hollow out, 
 to excavate earth; td-bdk fok to disem- 
 bowel; vb. n. to be excoriated or denuded 
 W. 64., tun-gar fok-non the basket has 
 become broken in holes, worn out; — 
 s. a-fok a thing hollowed out, a shell, a 
 crust, a-ti fok s. eggshell; ro-ba fok s. 
 tortoise-shell, see kol-pot fok etc. ; anything 
 old, worn out, empty, husky suk-nyom fok 
 a withered leaf, a mere trifle, a nothing, 
 a leaf, scoria, scum, debris fvn-jcn fok 
 scoria, dross; fok-lut „ denuded peak" n. 
 
 pr. of a mountain, Phallut W. 64. — pun- 
 fok and piir- fok applied to things that have 
 become sealed from age as td-fyep pun- 
 fok an old worn out (gourd-) ladle. 
 
 fok, 2 fuk-kd fok-kd adv. soft, yielding; 
 slushing, also fak-kd fok-kd grik the 
 slushing sound of water. 
 
 fori vb. t. to cut thro' in numbers as 
 jungle etc. to clear the way, to cut down 
 (as jungle, crops) ban-nun muk fon bil non 
 to go cutting one's way thro' jungle; pd- 
 zok fan to cut down and clear away jungle; 
 fydn fon to cut down and disperse enemy. 
 fop see miit pd-am fop. 
 for 1. to ease a weighed down head of 
 grain etc. by cutting the leaves, zo nyot 
 bol non nyak for the rice-fleld has been 
 beaten down, prune or reap the ears. 
 
 for 2, for baii to deprecate the evil effects 
 of mun at different periods of life (cere- 
 mony performed at different seasons by 
 miin). — a-for., a-for a-ban s. oppression 
 by evil spirits. 
 
 fdk a-fdk s. 1. a step as of ladder, stairs 
 steps, kun (Idri) fok wooden (stone) steps 
 notch in wood etc. to admit of anything 
 resting on it, fok-lun hron vb. to ascend 
 steps. 2. adj. indented as head, rugged as 
 road, a-fyak fok an indented head. — 
 fuk-fok-ld adv. hollowed, concave. 
 
 fdk 2. s. place where game is aboundant 
 or a stream where fish is abundant, fdk 
 ram name of a place near the source of 
 the run-nyo which was noted for its game 
 and fishing; fok ram a-dyut poison (for 
 arrows) of Fokram M. 
 
 (fdn 1.) ta-fdn s. a trough Ex. td-fon f6l 
 vb. to scoop a trough. 
 
 fdn 2. vb. 1. to be green, 2. adj. abbrev. 
 of fun-fdn green, fon hlyan a green twig on 
 tree; fon-bo adj. green. — a-foh. adj. green 
 (colour), fresh (smile). — fun- fon-bo adj. 
 fun-fon-ld adv. green. — tarn fori s. any- 
 thing green, vegetables. — pd-foh bu or 
 pur-foti bii s. name of green snake. 
 
 fdn mun s. n. pr. of evil spirit, an en- 
 courager of infidelity, adultery; a-yii Ion 
 gun a-vo zdk-xo u-ro loi'i guii a-yu-foii mun- 
 
244 
 
 fdt— fyat a-fyat 
 
 fyan— fyak 
 
 nun zak-so if the wife commit adultery, 
 the husband will be struck by /. m., if 
 the husband, the wife etc. 
 
 fdt 1. s. a spec, of leech, fdt-hii id. Hirudo. 
 
 fdt 2. vb. t. to unroll, uncoil, hat fdt to 
 open a packet as string, cloth, paper, co 
 fdt to open a book, 2. vb. n. to open (as 
 flower) rip fdt to blossom; 3. vb. t. to dis- 
 close, to reveal, to divulge, to lay open, 
 rin ma f. to d. a secret. 
 
 fdt 3. vb. t. to take a mouthful, to chuck 
 into mouth; — tarn fdt s. a slight refresh- 
 ment, a repast, a luncheon, fam fdt lyd 
 to take refreshment. 
 
 fdn 1. vb. t. to pull out, to spread out 
 as cotton, U fdn vb. to pull cotton to 
 pieces, as in cleansing, to render soft. 
 
 fdn 2. s. a piece of cloth to cover the 
 privities. 
 
 fdm 1. (see fo 2.) vb. t. to masticate, to 
 chew; fdm-ndn-bo chewed masticated; a- 
 fdm adj. chewed. 
 
 fdm 2. bad, short see U-fdm (cotton). 
 
 fdm 3. s. a contrivance for killing bears 
 and other large climbing animals, sd-na 
 f^m a bear-trap. 
 
 fdr, a-fdr s. exudation, discharge, 2. 
 sperma genitale viri aut mulieris; hin fdr 
 s. the exudation from a tree, the sap, gum ; 
 fdr ri ndvi vb. to have a fusty smell. — 
 
 fdr fdr vb. n. 1. to spread, to eat in, 
 applied to a phagedenic discharge as 
 cancer, leprosy, fdr-rd fdr-rd advbly., dom 
 ddk-nun a-mdk-ka fdr-rd fdr-rd ta^bii-ndn 
 the leprosy breaks out fiercely at inter- 
 vals. — 2. adjly. sharp, penetrating (as 
 sharp knife), consuming (as fire), tdk-tsu 
 fdr fdr let sh. p. as a pickaxe, p^it fdr 
 fdr let sh. p. as a hatchet. 
 
 fdl 1. vb. t. to scoop out, to hollow, to 
 mine, to burrow. 
 
 fdl 2. for fdl (to shed) q. v. 
 
 fdl 3 a-fdl s. the smell or taste of blood 
 fdl ri ndm, man fdl raw meat, also applied 
 sometimes to the smell of iron. 
 
 fyak see fydk. 
 
 fyat a-fyat s. a father-in-law, fydt-nyo 
 a mother-in-law. 
 
 fyan see fyen. 
 
 fySn, fyan-nd fydn-nd i. q. fdn-nd fdn- 
 nd q. V. 
 
 fydr fydr-rd fydr-rd straight, upright, on 
 pldn-ka fydr-rd fydr-rd ndn to sit upright on 
 horseback ; fydr-rd fydr-rd fyan to sink di- 
 rectly and deeply into earth, fydr-rd fydr- 
 rd ndn to go very straight as an arrow or 
 bird, fydr-rd fydr-rd Idm to walk upright. 
 
 fyar, fydr-rd fydr-rd quivering as arrow 
 etc. when just shot into a target etc., 
 f.-rd f.-rd nan to quiver. 
 
 fyar see fyer. 
 
 fyal vb. n. to be finished, ended, com- 
 pleted, to be matured, fydl-ld fyel-ld fydl 
 to be completely finished, td-ayu a-kvp 
 fydl-ndn the woman has arrived at the 
 turn of life when child-bearing ceases; 
 md-zu fydl fullgrown; td-lu fydl 1. s. the 
 finishing of matting i. e. the border-ending 
 2. vb. to finish do. — fdl-ld fydl-ld ended, 
 complete, finished, termination, conclusion, 
 lit. broken off, f.-ld f.-ld gyek the woman 
 has left off childbearing. 
 
 fya 1. in a little while, soon fya tydt 
 or fya-ld tydt for a little while, fya-ld in 
 a little while, presently, 2. distantly re- 
 lated, slight (relationship) a-gyit fya i. q. 
 a-gyit kam ft. 
 
 fya 2, a-fya s. the root (of a tree) etc., 
 kun fya, a-fya grydm roots spread out; 
 a-fya md ok dydn to root up; a-fya tsdk 
 or a-fya tsdk lei to take root; fya dot vb. 
 to dig for deep "buk." — a-fya-mo i. q. 
 pum-mo q. v. 
 
 fyak 1. applied to ground which has 
 been used for cultivation and allowed to 
 run to jungle: to restore into richness 
 and again become ready for cultivation: 
 to be ripe for cultivation, fyak ndn ground 
 ready for cultivation from lying fallow; 
 2. ripe di see s. r. ci; vb. to become 
 ripe see pyak. — a- fyak adj. fit for culti- 
 vation, said of land in jungle. 
 
 fyak fyak-kd long and straight, kun 
 fyak-kd fyak-kd a tree very high and 
 straight, pd-tik fyak-kd fyak-kd a stick 
 long straight and tapering. 
 
fyaft— fyuk 
 
 (fyuk)— fyen 
 
 245 
 
 fyan vb. 1. to put on a cover as of 
 dish etc., tar-bok fyan to cover a dish, 
 a-fyan fyan to put on cover, fyan toTn-bo 
 covered; 2. to settle, to bring to a final 
 settlement, to terminate, to shut up. — 
 .a-fyan s. the cover (of dish, box etc.) 
 a-fyan a-mut s. the cover and dish, a-fyan 
 a-ldp s. the cover and saucer. — t'yak-fyan 
 the top of skull. — tur-fyan adj. tranquil, 
 peaceful, undisturbed, quiet, happy, serene, 
 lyah tur-fyan an undisturbed place where 
 there is no cultivation, bam lyan tur-fyan 
 an abode of peace and plenty. 
 
 fyam 1. a-fyam s. a hump (as in neck 
 of ox), bik fyam a bullock's hump; lurn- 
 dun on fyam a camel's hump. 
 
 fyam 2. see fam. 
 
 fyi, fyik, fyit see under fi, fik, fit (fi) etc. 
 
 fyu s. a vessel for cooking, fyii tdl vb. 
 to take pot off fire; fyii. tydk a small 
 vessel; fyu dul s. the rim of a vessel, 
 fyii lion a cracked or broken vessel, fyu 
 kiip s. a pipkin, mun a-flik-niin a-fyak-re 
 tiin-lin fyu zon-ka tuk-tok pd-hip zon gum-o 
 there are some preta's which have heads 
 like a very large earthen pot and necks 
 like unto the marwa-pipe P. — a-fyii in 
 comp. fyii s. the cell in honey-comb vot 
 fyii cells of honey; any depression tHk- 
 nydm fyii the hollow on each side of 
 nose; a-fyii zok md-RHn-ne denotes that 
 a person cannot manage something. — 
 fyH-nyim-bo adj. cellular, having cavities. 
 
 fyuk, fdk-ka fyOk-ka see under fyuk. 
 
 fyut incorr. for fyi% fit see fi. 
 
 fyup vb. t. to join together, as boards, 
 to connect together an-to fyiip to join 
 boards together, dyok fyiip-non the work 
 is completed. 
 
 fyum 1. see fim under fi. 
 
 fyuitl 2.: pHr-fyiim and sd-fyikn s. a 
 gentle breeze, a zephyr, sd-fyiim ddl-ld 
 yo-sen when you feet the fanning of 
 zephyr. 
 
 fyuk 1. vb. n. to whirl as arrow, ball, 
 fyuk- Id di vb. to come whizzing aloug, 
 fyuk fyuk whirling round, fyuk fyuk mat 
 vb. to whirl; — redupl. fuk-ku fyuk-kd 
 
 or fak-kd fyuk-kd di to come whizzingly 
 as bullet. — tiik-fyuk or tun- fyuk 1. s. 
 any whirling thing, a whirling rattle as 
 child's plaything. 
 
 (fyuk) 2 tHk-fyuk or tUn-fyuk 2. a scoop, 
 a shovel-scoop, tHk-fyuk-sd ok vb. to take 
 up with sc, fam-blydk t.-fyuk s. a butter- 
 fly-net. 
 
 fyun, a-fyun s. 1. the shaft, the column 
 as of arrow, pillar etc. tson fyun, ka-wo 
 fyun. 2. n. of a small kind of bamboo 
 Hooker I. 332 po fyun used in making 
 arrows, combs etc. — fyun gri u. of a 
 house near Pemiongchi, named from the 
 abundance of the fyun bamboo growing 
 there, built by one of the kings of Sikhim ; 
 fyun gri kd-jdn a spec, of the kd-jdn. — 
 
 fyur vb. t. to enclose as leaf for holding- 
 water, lop fyur a cup formed of a leaf, 
 see hyur. 
 
 fyul vb. t. to take off as things hanging 
 on hook, ban fyul to unfasten ban from 
 belt; tiin-gryam fyul to unhook hanging 
 bird's cage; to take off necklace: lyak fyul, 
 jer fyul; go fyul to take off saddle; to 
 lift up and take off, to stir up rice zo fyul 
 etc. so as to cause what was at bottom 
 to be at top; met. to stir up, to revise 
 forgotten subjects rin fyul, to resuscitate 
 old grievances or wrongs etc., to incite 
 to revenge; to be agitated: fyul fyul s. a 
 thorough stirring agitation, disturbance, 
 commotion, turbulence, perturbation, lyan 
 td-lyan fyul fyul ya non the earth and 
 heavens to be swallowed up in one uni- 
 versal convulsion. — fyul dak s. convulsive 
 gorgitations. 
 
 fyek vb. t. to husk, to shell as birds, 
 when eating grain kd-lok fyek zo (rat) to 
 husk and eat. — fHk-fyek-ld hollowed out, 
 worn by friction, fiik-fyek-ld nun vb. to 
 become so. — td-fyek s. the husk of grain, 
 chaff. 
 
 fyen 1. fyen bu s. a spec, of hornet. 
 
 fyeii 2. a-fyen s. the smell of fermented 
 liquor, chi, fyen-sd ri-nom; hu-sd a-som 
 so-ba ci fyen ri nom when he exhales his 
 breath there is a smell of spirit. — niim- 
 
246 
 
 fyet— fyer 
 
 fyer— fydt 
 
 fyen-mo or num-fyen-mo num dyu i. q. ci 
 Tbr.; nicm- fyen-mo a contrivance for 
 catching fish. 
 
 fyet 1. vb. t. to cut in a chopping manner 
 as with axe or sword, 16m fyet to cut a 
 way thro' jungle, kuh fyetio hew a tree, ban- 
 sd fyet to strike with ban. — 2. s. a cut 
 fyet fo-wun-sd a-li the mark of wound, ban 
 klop, fyet bu-sd tyot vb. to bear the scar 
 of a wound. 
 
 (fyet 2) pum-fyet, pun-fyet s. 1. com- 
 pressed form, li pun-fyet a narrow, com- 
 pressed house, a h. with two sloping roofs; 
 2. s. tongs, pincers p. mi pun-fyet fire- 
 pliers; piin-fyet sd-ayak s. Saturday. 
 
 *fyet 3. T. iyed? (to cause, to make), 
 mun-t'an fyet to keep countenance ; pa krak 
 fyet to make compensation. 
 
 fyen and fyan s. an enemy, a foeman, 
 a rival, jum z6n fyen rivals, fyen-ka (din) 
 non vb. to go against the enemy, fyen- 
 ka tsvt vb. to fall into hands of enemy, 
 fyen-nun tuk vat vb. to be surrounded and 
 overpowered by e. ; fyen-nun plyot vb. to 
 be plundered by e.; fyen kuk vb. to call 
 to arms, T. lins' debs-pa P.; fyen dyu vb. 
 to fight with enemy, to go to war, fyen 
 dyut s. war, battle; fyen mat vb. to war 
 against, to take up arms; — fyen mun .s. 
 an enemy, a foe, a ruffian, a villain, a 
 scoundrel, fyen-mun 16m s. a dangerous 
 road, fyen-mun I6m re zdn-ka fi to fall into 
 a harrassing difficulty. — fyen I6m s. hostil- 
 ity, enmity, fyen I6m mat vb. to declare 
 hostilities; — a warrior, a soldier, fyen 
 pun s. an army, fyen hlyam vb. to muster 
 together troops, fyen rik or fyen vik rik 
 id. — war, hostility, enmity fyen-sd hrim 
 1. q. mak hrim. — tiik-mo fyen s. a robber, 
 a bandit, murderer J. 
 
 (fyep) ta-fyep s. a spec, of gourd Cucur- 
 bita lagenaria, smaller than pu,m-zo, used 
 as ladle, hence a ladle kun td-fyep a 
 wooden ladle. 
 
 fyer 1. vb. t. 1. (cans, of fdl?) to shed, 
 to pluck, as feathers, to cause to fall off 
 as members of body, n. to fall off. fyer 
 dydn vb. id.; tiik-nyom piih-ku fyer dydn 
 
 the legs of the grasshopper fall off; dom- 
 ddk-bo a-kd a-dyan fyer dydn the hands 
 and feet of the leper fall off; — fyer byi 
 to pull off. 2. to pare nails pun-ci fyer. 
 
 fyer 2. vb. t. to fix as pin into cloth or 
 to join cloth together dum ydt-niin fyer. 
 
 fyel 1. see fydl 2. s. a-fyel the finishing 
 of a basket or mat; a fringe. 
 
 fyok see fyuk. 
 
 fyon, a-fyon adj. one's own, special, pe- 
 culiar, bo-(mo-') fyon father's (mother's) 
 side. 
 
 fyop (see fyup, hyop) alongside to fyop- 
 liin fo vb. to place alongside of. 
 
 fyol see fyul. 
 
 fydk vb. n. to be transverse, to be across 
 one over another, as roads, and applied 
 also to bullets, arrows etc., to be athwart, 
 fy6k-lun da to lie one across another (as 
 fallen trees), to pass transversely across 
 (as roads), dyu fyok-liin di bullet to come 
 in numberless transverse flights; — fuk- 
 fyok-kd 1. crosswise, transverse, 2. slo- 
 venly, /. f.-ld zuk to work slovenly. — 
 a-fy6k adj. crossed, a-fy6k kun s. a cross 
 J. — kd-fy6k s. 1 . crossed arras, 2. a spe- 
 cies of fern. — pd-fyok, pur-fy6k and piil- 
 fyok crosslegged, pur-fyok-ka nan to sit 
 crosslegged, as ascetics. 
 
 fydn 1. vb. n. to be over the surface, 
 to be superficial, to skim, to pass over 
 the surface, nyen fy6n to skim milk, nyen 
 fy6n-t6m-bo skim-milk; fy6n dydn vb. to 
 skim and fiing away, Tbr. : to kill, to de- 
 stroy. — fy6n-nun-re s. the skimmings, the 
 skum. — 2. s.the surface; hence the whole, 
 theuniverse, the people, adjly. thepeople's, 
 appertaining to the family-side, bo fyon 
 s. the family appertaining to the father, 
 mo fyon the ditto on mother's, side, fyon 
 fy6n vb. to screen, to save, to protect, 
 said by ban tin M. 
 
 fydt (see froi) vb.t. to sprinkle, to scatter, 
 to diffuse, to disseminate, un (-sa) fyot 
 to sprinkle water, vi (sd) fy6t sprinkling 
 of blood, fy6t hry6n sprinkled; met. a-ydm 
 se-rap fy6t to disseminate knowledge and 
 wisdom; vb. u. to fly out and fall about 
 
fydn — fra 
 
 fra— fratn 
 
 247 
 
 as blood from wound, to fly forth, to ex- 
 plode, to detonate. — fyot-td fypt-td i. q. 
 frot-td frot-td 1. falling out by grains as 
 rice, flour from bag with hole, sprinkling, 
 scattering 2. bursting forth, exploding etc. 
 fydl^td fyot-td glo or lun the falling out 
 by grains. 
 
 fydn, 1. fyon-nd fy6n-nd in great num- 
 bers, in succession, successively; fyon-nd 
 fyon-ndlatYh.io come in great numbers, in 
 succession; kun fyon-nd fyon-nd cek vb. to 
 cut down trees one after another, fiin-nd 
 fydn-nd or fun- fydn-ld i. q. fyon-nd fyon-nd. 
 
 (fydn 2.) tuk-fydn adj. horizontal in opp. 
 to run-gan (q. t.), parallel with, means 
 also straight, flat, level, td-dyu-sdn dum 
 tuk-fydn lyan dydm, td-gri run-gan lyan 
 dydm females dress with the flowered 
 lines of their dress worn horizontally, 
 males dress with the lines worn vertically; 
 lorn tuk-fyon 1 . a parallel road, 2. a hori- 
 zontal road; rin tuk-fydn 1. straight-for- 
 ward language, 2. an analogous subject. 
 
 fydp i. q. fydt; fdt fydp-re nam mat vb. 
 to resemble the sprinkling of earth. 
 
 fydtn vb. to devour, to gobble food with 
 mouth and nose, as pigs, dogs etc. fyom- 
 lun zo vb. to eat greedily, to devour food 
 or fydm-md fyom-md zo, applied also sar- 
 casticly to persons eating greedily; fyom- 
 lun zdm-bo 1. an animal that devours its 
 food; 2. a glutton. See fam, fyam. 
 
 fydr 1. s. a mark or stick set up to 
 warn people that there is a wild-beast- 
 trap: tsu fydr tsdk vb. to set up a sign 
 for ditto; also to warn people that small- 
 pox is in a village: ddk fydr, also when 
 ground has been taken for cultivation: 
 nydt, fydr; lyan fydr a landmark, lyan fydr 
 tsdk vb. to set up a landmark. 
 
 fydr 2. s. the blubber, no fydr. 
 
 fydl 1., fydl-ld fydlAd swarming, alive 
 with, sak vyan fydl-ld fydl-ld si swarming 
 with lice and maggots. 
 
 (fydl 2.) tuk-fydl s. a burnt dead coal see 
 sur-vo. 
 
 fra 1. see fdl vb. to fall off (in leprosy), 
 dom-nun frd. 
 
 fra 2. vb. t. 1., to assign, to portion out, 
 to distribute, to portion out, to allot, ciyok 
 do do frd byi vb. to portion out to each 
 his work, rin frd-liin kldn vb. to send 
 news in every direction. — 2. to dock 
 bulbous root of yam to prevent its 
 growing deep. 
 
 frak, frdk-kd or frdk-kd frdk-kd mixing, 
 confusedly, frdk-kd frdk-kd tso vb. to 
 bubble and boil up, frdk-kd frdk-kd li 
 vb. to speak all at once, many at a time ; 
 frdk-kd frdk-kd tyii, vb. to flutter as heart 
 from fear; frdk-kd frdk-kd dp vb. to fire 
 constantly. 
 
 fran, frdn nydm see fren. 
 
 fram 1., a-frdm s. n. of an ornament, 
 a necklace worn by females. 
 
 fr^m 2. vb. n. to be anxious with fear, 
 to be in dread, to tremble, mak-sdn fram 
 ham to be anxious lest he should die ; — 
 frdm-ldt s. apprehension, anxiety, fear, 
 trepidation, timidity, agitation. — a-frdm 
 s. id., a-frdm md-nyin-ne without anxiety. 
 
 fra vb. t. 1. to catch at, to seize at, to 
 snap at, kd-ju fra-lun tsuk (a dog) to 
 snap at, fra tsam vb. to catch; — 2. to 
 remember, to call to mind, to bring to 
 mind. 
 
 frak, frUk-kd frak-kd drop by drop. 
 
 fran 1. vb. n. 1. to become firm, chiefly 
 appliedto children when acquiring strength 
 to walk a-kiip fran; fran-ld adv. firmly, 
 fran-ld Idm vb. to walk firmly, firm on 
 legs; 2. to obtain force, vigour, energy, 
 elasticity, fran kd vb. to brace nerves, to 
 fortify, to invigorate; to try, to submit to 
 trial, to prove strength, to twang bowstring 
 to see if sufficiently tight, sd-li fran to 
 test strength of bow. 
 
 fran 2., fran-nd i. q. fan-nd, sd-dm fran- 
 nd si vb. to see light thro' anything i. q. 
 sd-dm fan-nd si. 
 
 fran see under niim, niim-fran-bo a. 
 eldest son, also eldest brother. 
 
 fram vb. t. to jump and seize as fish, 
 fram hrdn to jump up to seize anything, 
 as fishes no-pdn fram hrdii the fishes 
 leap. 
 
248 
 
 fram— frok 
 
 frok— frdt 
 
 fram 2. redupl. fmm fram eruption on 
 body, ma-zu frum fram pld to have 
 eruption on body. 
 
 fral vb. n. to be very dry and brittle, 
 fral-lun gal vb. to break thro' dryness; 
 zo fral non the rice is much broken from 
 drying etc. 
 
 *frf T. bre s. a measure for corn of 
 about 8 td-pu's; frifik-bo i. q. sd-ryokThr.: 
 a tigercat, litly. the one who had to pay 
 its measure of (food-) corn to the tiger 
 (Old L. legend); — fri a-hon kd-ta li vb. 
 to be all agreeable to the measure, to 
 agree, to be of one accord or sentiment. 
 tun- fri 1. i. q. fri 2. tun-fri bik s. one of 
 the wasp-spec. 
 
 frik contr. fr. fd-ryiik q. v. 
 
 frii-fru coming with spasmodic, convul- 
 sive or intermittent drops or streams, 
 issuing at intervals (constantly) mik grun 
 frO, fru lor vb. to have a running of rheum 
 from eyes; jit fru fru lor vb. to make 
 water (ejaculation) with convulsive jerks 
 as when in pain; m frii fru zok vb. to 
 bleed with compulsive or intermittent 
 quakes. 
 
 fru fru swelled as bud, bursting with 
 fullness (as ear of corn) zo fru fru bam. 
 
 frun, frum, frul see fro-. 
 
 frek s. an eruption on feet, frek-bu s. 
 a small worm, which is said to produce 
 itching eruption on the feet, frek-bu jak 
 s. the disease produced by f.-bii,. 
 
 fret fret-td, fret-td i. q. pyet-td pyet-td q. v. 
 
 fren and frdn s. a boil, an ulcer, fren 
 mydn non the boil has suppurated, has 
 become ripe; fren-sd tuk-sicp a. the pus; 
 fren-sd tuk-sUp pld (the pus) to burst out 
 frdn-ny&m id. q. fren e. c. tsii-bo-pdn M. 
 dun-ka din md-nu-ne lu go yo gdn frdn 
 nyom re tsu-bo-sdn sd mi-zdr-mo gun-nd- 
 sd md-zii-ka pld the magicians could not 
 stand before M. because of the boils; for 
 the boil was upon the magicians and upon 
 all the Egyptians Ex. 
 
 frok 1., frok frok fluttering, palpitating, 
 frok frok tyO. vb. to flutter as heart from 
 pain, to palpitate. 
 
 frok 2, frdk-kd frok-kd adv. gradually, 
 one after . another, frdk-kd frok-kd lat vb. 
 to shoot out as young ears of corn. 
 
 fron s. inflammation fron dak., a-bu fron 
 ddk i. of the lungs; {mo) fron non (sore) 
 vb. to inflame. 
 
 fron vb. t. to cut thro' horizontally. 
 
 from 1. adjly. united in numbers; 2. vb. 
 t. to set upon, to assail in numbers, used 
 in an unpleasant sense, to crowd upon, 
 to set upon, to take by storm, to board, 
 to make an irruption, to lay seize, to 
 beleaguer, to be superior in numbers or 
 power; Kam-lu mat ba from, to overpower 
 in a litigation; from ndk to crowd (round) 
 to see. 
 
 frol vb. t. to cut thro' many bamboos 
 with one stroke opp. kid q. v. 
 
 frdk, pd-frok-ld, fd-frdk-ld, fHk-frok-ld 
 thin lines or layers of division, li fd-frok- 
 Id cap vb. to thatch house by layers. 
 
 frdk-bu, s. a spec, of grub. 
 
 frdn, frdn vb. to count, to number, to 
 calculate, a- fron fron {-bam) vb. to count 
 up numbers; tsu (kyop) frdn vb. to calcul- 
 ate accounts, a-bdn-niin tal-ld frdn vb. to 
 count upwards as from 1 to 10, a-ydk- 
 nwn, mil-Id fron to count backwards as 
 from 10 to 1 ; — to tell, to relate, to show, 
 to report, to describe, to register, to 
 delineate, to sketch, fo frdn to make 
 records, to register, man fron to describe 
 dream; — fron-bo s. a calculator, a regi- 
 strar, a recorder, a narrator, a commen- 
 tator. — fron past of frdn; frdn-ld mat vb. 
 to point out, to typify; — nam frdn fo 
 „one that indicates the seasons" s. a bird 
 of passage. — a-frdn s. a number, fixed, 
 stated calculation, appointed time, sd-dyak 
 a-frdn-ka on a stated day; kd-yu-sd a- 
 frdn-ka according to our calculation; a- 
 frdn cd (nyd) an even (odd) number. — 
 frdn kdn: a-fyak frdn kdn s. a census. — 
 fam frdn s. a number, numeral fi.gures, 
 calculations, accounts, indication. 
 
 frdt vb. to dribble, to fall drop by drop, 
 i. q. sdt krdt q. v. ; frut-td frdt-td or frdt- 
 td frdt-td dropping, in drops, (so) frdt-td 
 
frdn— fif, fif-m 
 
 flik— flen 
 
 249 
 
 frot-td yu (rain) to fall in large drops; 
 fr6t-td frdt-td tap vb. to dribble as water 
 held in hand; frot-td frot-td zok or liin 
 Tb. to fall in drops. — suk-frot dribbling, 
 dropping. — tuk-frot or tun-frdt s. a few 
 heavy drops here and there, a sprinkling 
 of a few spots as in small-pox; so tuk- 
 frot yii a few heavy drops of rain to fall; 
 rum du ddk-kd tuk-kd tak-kd tun-frot pld 
 a few single spots only to make their 
 appearance in small-pox. 
 
 frdn see fron. 
 
 frdm see frdm: li frdm s. a watch-tower, 
 a watch-house. 
 
 frydk vb. 1. to pass right thro' as bullet, 
 arrow tson fry6k-ld pld; 2. to be disen- 
 gaged, to be at leisure, to be free from 
 business. — frydk-kun s. leisure ; fryok-bo 
 s. one unimployed. — ho a-lo mat nan- 
 Mn fryok-sdn-d have you nothing else to 
 do than to sit here. 
 
 frydk, a-frydk s. spare, surplus. 
 
 fla- reduplic. of roots beginning with hi, 
 fld-hlet slippery. 
 
 fla vb. to describe the symptoms of 
 illness,' see dii, to moan, to groan duk fid 
 to be in difficulty. 
 
 fldk vb. t. to scrape, gnaw or cut flesh 
 of bones. 
 
 fl^k vb. t. to sow every side of a hill 
 flak zo, nyot flak. 
 
 fidk, fWi-kd, fldk-kd applied to the moving 
 of fish under a stone, when a hand is 
 put under to catch them. 
 
 (fla): flut-td fla-td bad, said oi pd-li (1). 
 
 flak vb. t. to cut off branches or leaves 
 of tree, — vb. n. to be blown off by 
 wind. 
 
 flat vb. t. to wash the head. See flet. 
 
 flat vb. n. to be very hot, flat-td, flat-td 
 very hot, so-6l flat-td flat-td to perspire 
 greatly, flat-td flat-td gal to be rotten. 
 
 fif 1, fIf-m vb. n. to be in vigour, go M 
 fU gdn ayok zuk-h if I am able, I will 
 do it. — a-flim a. power, might; adj. potent, 
 a-myam a-flim mat to be in vigour. 
 
 fIf 2, fIf-m vb. t. to divide, to separate 
 as persons or things also affections of 
 
 the heart, td-lyd dd-sd un-pdn fli-n6n the 
 waters were divided Ex.; (Jm-nun) luk- 
 kup-pdn fli-lun (he) did separate the lambs 
 Gr. sam mat fli to divide into three; a-lut 
 fli to alienate. — flim s. separation, ^p*^" 
 fli-ld adv. separately. 
 
 flik (see fli 2.) 1. (apart, aside) sd-flik-ld 
 adv. apart kum-blik sd-flik-ld fo vb. to 
 place apart, aside. — 2. cracked, split as 
 wood, bamboo, rook. — a-flik adj. some 
 (persons or things) a-flik — a-fliktheone — 
 the other T. gcig — gcig; a-flik-nun un-no- 
 lim un tdn-sdnnondyet-sen-ldmak-so-yam-o 
 another satva's tantalized through thirst, 
 whenever they attempt to drink water, 
 must expire from being burnt in an abyss 
 of fire P. 
 
 flin, flin vb. to turn aside as face; also 
 to shy as a horse ; — sd-flin s. separation, 
 adj. apart, sd-flin-ld mat vb. to separate, 
 to place apart, sd-flin-ld mat md-td-ne not 
 to be able to separate as friends. 
 
 flit vb. n. to slip down, to slide down 
 as from tree. See flut. 
 
 (flu) sd-fla sd-fld adv. here and there. 
 
 fluk vb. t. to shave trees etc., to smooth 
 
 down wood roughly; — fuk-fliik-kd shaved 
 
 down; needy, bare; blunt as knife; md- 
 
 rd fak-fliik-ho s. a very poor man. 
 
 flut vb. t. to let fall flvtt glyet; flUt-td 
 flut-td hlet to be very slippery. 
 
 flun vb. t. to slide down a tree kuh 
 flun yu. 
 
 flu vb. 1. to get free sd-fdn-nijtn flu to to 
 get free from tiger. 2. adj. highbranching. 
 flut vb. n. to slip from, flwt com dydt 
 vb. t. to let slip, to let go kun flut-lUn 
 glo to fall from tree, on-niin flut glo to 
 fall from horse. — cans, flyut to let slip, 
 to cause to slip away. 
 
 (flut) flat-td flut-td advly. fidgetting, flat- 
 td flut-td non to go fidgetting about. 
 
 flek-1. vb. I. to overcome, 2. to lose, a- 
 flek a-hlam s. a defeat. 
 
 fiek 2. a-fkk s. 1. pulse or split peas. 
 
 2. anything broken into small pieces. 
 
 3. a splinter of rock. 
 
 flen vb. t. to stretch out leg or hand. 
 
 16* 
 
250 
 
 flet-^flydn 
 
 ba— ba, b^, bd-t 
 
 flet vb. t. to wash face; to be covered 
 with blood. 
 
 flot Tb. to cast off as clothes, snake 
 skin etc. 
 
 flot, fldt-td fbt-td not well cooked, work 
 not well executed, language not well ex- 
 pressed, a-zdm f. f.; Tin f. /, li sak-cin- 
 ka sd-re hdn-bo re li; fldt-td flot-td-sd 
 md-rd a restless flighty sort of person, 
 dyok fldt-td flot-td zuk work hastily and 
 superficially done. See flut. 
 
 fidk vb.t. to hew square, to cut smoothly, 
 kun pi flok to peel or bark a tree. 
 
 fIdk vb. n. to be splintered as tree by 
 lightening or to be cut in splinters or 
 lengthways as tree after being cut down; 
 to be grazed so that the blood comes, 
 a-mlem fldk the face is grazed. 
 
 fidn 1 vb. n. to be slightly grazed so 
 that blood does not come. 
 
 fIdn 2. a-fl6n adj. coarse (as flour), 
 flun-flidn-nd coarse as flour, clumsy, rough 
 as workmanship, slovenly. 
 
 fidt vb. t. to braid or plait hair. — 
 a-flat s. a braid of hair, a twist or epau- 
 lette on shoulder; adj. bad (said of cane). 
 
 fIdn vb. n. to be powdered? M. 
 
 flya i. q. 'plyd q. v. 
 
 flyan vb. t. to frighten, flydn nyon vb. 
 t. to frighten away. 
 
 fly4t and flydt 1. vb. t. to relax, to 
 loosen as snare, trap or anything with a 
 spring du flydt to close umbrella, to 
 
 slacken as bow; vb. n. to open out as 
 hedgehog, porcupine, flyot hrdn zdk to 
 spring back as bush into one's face; — 
 2. vb. n. to- turn aside, to turn in, go 
 a-ldn flydt-liin tet-mo a-tim a-re ndk-so 
 I will now turn aside, and see this great 
 sight Ex. dy.-rfun hH ndk-sdn-ka flydt 
 ydn si-wun-sd when the lord saw that he 
 turned aside to see. Ex. — 3. vb. n. to 
 be passed, said of time or things as on 
 road, li flydt the house is passed; nam 
 flydt the year is passed. — 4. vb. t. to 
 put to flight enemy. 
 
 flydn vb. t. to unhook i. e. to take off 
 a thing hanging on hook, flydn bH non 
 to take off hook and carry away. 
 
 flyak vb. t. to strip or cut off leaves 
 and twigs off a switch or branch while 
 in the hand. 
 
 flyan vb. n. to escape from, as from 
 snare, siin-hi flyan. 
 
 fiyun, flyan-nd flyun-nd reeling, stagger- 
 ing, as a drunken man. 
 
 fiyen vb. t. to share, to divide a portions 
 
 flyoii vb. n. to fly away, to be published, 
 to be spread as news. 
 
 flyot vb. n. to run off, to slip see lyot. 
 
 flydn 1. crooked? M. 
 
 flydn 2. vb. t. flyon nyon to put to 
 flight as enemy, birds, beasts etc. 
 
 flydt see flydt. 
 
 flydn vb. t. to take off (as saddle etc.), 
 to cast skin (as snake). 
 
 B 
 
 ba the sixteenth letter of the L. alpha- 
 bet T. ^ (^); it is pronounced as the 
 English B. 
 
 ba a verbal particle, expresses the same 
 as fu (doubt or uncertainty) as so yu hd 
 md-yu-ne hd po md-yd-ne whether it will 
 rain or not I do not know. 
 
 *h& T. 'bol s. a carpet, a coverlet, bd- 
 ka nan to sit on a carpet; bd nan or bd den 
 s. a cushion, bd 'Sun a small carpet, a rug, 
 
 bd lap vb. to spread carpet, bd rat vb. to 
 take up carpet. 
 
 ba, ba, bd-t to be abundant. — I. hd, 
 bd 1. vb. n. to be abundant, numerous, 
 bd bam it is abundant; to be good, mealy 
 (said of potatoes) buk hd a good potatoe. 
 — 2. s. magnification, commendation, ad- 
 miration, respect, estimation, dignity, bd 
 kyop vb. to respect, to .honour, ignorant 
 L.'s understand this to mean more to 
 
b& kup— bak, ta-bak 
 
 bak-ko— ban, a-ban 
 
 251 
 
 shew respect by presenting gifts; bd mat 
 vb. to magnify, to respect, to regard, to 
 esteem, to honour, it is sometimes used 
 met. for „ death" especially when speaking 
 to children, thus : Child : kd-su a-mo sd-bi 
 nyi where is my mother? Answ.: a-do a- 
 m'o bd mat-ndti-ne your mother has become 
 glorified (i. e. is dead). — reduplic. bd bd 
 or bd bd s. abundance; bd bd si si s. ab- 
 undance; plenty, copiousness, profusion, 
 bd bd si si nyi there is abundance, zo dyek 
 tu-tsdt-ka a-zdm bd bd si si nyi at harvest- 
 time food is abundant. 
 
 Der. bdm-bo, a-bdm adj. good, mealy 
 (said of potatoes). — pd-bd much, abun- 
 dant, pd-bd sd-si id., pd-bd-ld adv. abun- 
 dantly, very much, pd-bd sd-U-ld zo (tan) 
 to eat (drink) abundantly, to feast. 
 
 TL.bdtl.\h. n.to be produced, magnified, 
 multiplied; to increase, to swell (as rice 
 in boiling); bdt-bo, bdt-ydm-bo adj. pro- 
 ductive, td-ayu a-kup (a-gyap) bat (-ydmi) 
 -bo a fruitful woman, productive of many 
 children; a-li a-gyap bdt-bo gum seed is 
 very productive, multiplies itself greatly; 
 bdt-yd it swells greatly or it increases 
 greatly, du-niin bdt md-kdn-nehj sickness 
 their increase is prevented; bdt bun-nd 
 to multiply, to increase, a-do bdt bun-nd 
 may you prosper; a-gyap bdt bun-non it 
 is now increased unto a multitude Gr. — 
 2. s. increase, magnificence, merit, worth, 
 property, development. 
 
 bd kup s. the diacritical mark forming 
 the final letter p (°). 
 
 ba-luk see bu-luk. 
 
 bdk vb. t. to weed, sin bdk to weed a 
 garden. 
 
 bak, ta-bak (cfr. Mikir pok, Ao Naga 
 tapoK) s. stomach, belly, td-bdk a-U i. q. 
 pUn-brdn-ld large belly, td-bdk kot non 
 to have one's belly stuffed; td-bdk cat vb. 
 to have severe stomach-ache; td-bdk du 
 dak 1. s. dysentery 2.vb. to have dysentery: 
 td-bdk hdr-rd hdr-rd nyofi to long for food; 
 td-bdk sa 1. vb. to have looseness of 
 bowels, 2. diarrhoea; td-bdk an vb. to 
 swell as stomach of corpse; — appetite. 
 
 td-bdk lyot vb. not to restrain one's appe- 
 tite, to gormandize, td-bdk hryUm cdk vb. 
 t. to keep a strict diet; — also in sense 
 of mind md-ro td-bdk-ka sUn-hlyo vun ryu 
 to be large-bellied, also -minded, md-rd 
 td-bdk ryum dok-ld md-su-ne to be small 
 bellied, also little-minded, td-bdk tim-bo 
 large-minded, magnanimous ; — the womb 
 see kyun nok (or nuk) kiip-for, a-mo td- 
 bdk-ka bam-nyi-ba while yet in womb of 
 mother; — signifies greatness t. b.-mo, 
 un-dd ti-mo td-bdk-mo-sd a-pin (will go) 
 across the vast ocean. 
 
 bdk s6k „to dissect the stomach" to 
 analyze, to scrutinize, to sift, to catechise, 
 to resolve, to discriminate, a-ryum a-jdn 
 bdk sok-lun fli to to discriminate and 
 separate the good from the bad. 
 
 Comp. bdk-ka, bdk-kd (T. dkar) adj. 
 white-stomached (as the st. of black- 
 haired pigs); — bdk-ku; td-bdk ku s. the 
 navel; — td-bdk ddk s. stomach-ache; — 
 bdk-dyol, td-bdk dyol adj. large bellied 
 applied chiefly to children 6n bdk-dyol, 
 s. the young of bees, wasps etc., before 
 they get their stings: eaten by L.'s td- 
 lyam b. dy.\ vot b. dy.; tik b. dy. 3. a spec, 
 of cicada. — bdk-nat; td-bdk-nat s. wrink- 
 les of belly, ruggedness of b. ; — td-bdk- 
 mo s. 1. large-bellied; 2. greatness; 3. a 
 large eater; — bdk-riik; td-bdk-riik i. q. 
 td-dyol-ld potbellied; — bdk-lim\. (\. bdk- 
 ku; — bdk-si i. q. bdk-dyol but older. — 
 
 See co-bdk. 
 
 bak-ko s. breathing thro' nose, drawing 
 a long continued note in blowing musical 
 instrument, b.-ko tsdk vb. to blow the i. 
 as above. 
 
 bak Ryum see bok-KyHm. 
 
 bak-£e s. a cymbal; i. q. bHp-ce, bdk-ce 
 (yol vb. to clash cymbals. 
 
 bak-to s. a species of grain, see kiin-ra. 
 
 bdn adj. to be striped, across marked, 
 to be lined. — a-bdn s. a stripe or streak, 
 a-bdh-bo adj. striped or streaked G. 
 
 ban, a-ban s. the bottom of anything, 
 the root, the base, the foundation e. c. 
 kun ban s. the trunk and basis of tree ; 
 
252 
 
 ban, a-baii— bap 
 
 bSp— ba 
 
 ri'p ban s. the stem of flower; P.; — the 
 beginning, the source, the spring, a-bdn- 
 nun lu-liin reckoning from the beginning; 
 Id-vo a-re a-yu kor-ka Id-vo-pdn-sd a-bdn 
 nam-sd Id-vo han-bo re nun-so this month 
 shall be unto you the beginning of months : 
 it shall be the first m. of the year to you 
 Ex.; a-hdn-ka in the beginning; su a-bdn 
 go what is the cause; a-bdn tsdk or dyit 
 to begin a work; — the preparations, 
 requisites, necessaries, a-6a«a-«/aA;„ bottom 
 and top", a-bdn a-ydk lot rik yb. to put 
 things into order; a-bdn a-ydk fydl fat 
 altogether in confusion; — the principal 
 chief matter; see bri-bdn; a-bdn mat-bo 
 the principal person in any undertaking; 
 a-bdn dd or a-bdn-ka dd or a-bdn ndn 
 vb. to appeal to government or anyone 
 in authority against a guilty person. — 
 Deriy. piin-bdn 1. fixed, permanent, 
 settled, U p. b. a permanent (strong or 
 long standing') house; pun-bdn-bam-bo 
 1. permanent, resident, 2. short and squat. 
 
 — fam-bdn s. or f. b. rem-bdn the produce 
 of the earth, the fruits of the earth. 
 
 ban, a-ban see bon, a-bon. 
 
 bat yb. to insert, to penetrate; to in- 
 sinuate into, to inject; bdt nyon yb. to 
 place or stick anything into a hole, as 
 finger into ring, key into keyhole etc.; 
 tiik-bya bdt see tuk-bya; —bydt caus. of 
 bdt to lay upon, to load; to place into, 
 to cast into, to charge, to commission as 
 with a message, to delegate, kup bydt to 
 impregnate; kl6n bydt to send away charged 
 with (commission); rin bydt to send or 
 charge with message; kdk bydt to lay the 
 responsibility upon, to render responsible ; 
 
 — bydt to 1. to lay upon. 2. to charge with. 
 bSt s. a bundle (as of clothes), a parcel, 
 
 a pack, packet, package, bdt-ka tap vb. 
 put it into the bundle. 
 
 (bat) td-bdt s. a small repast for a jour- 
 ney, t. b. bu to carry ditto. 
 
 b4t yb. see under bd. 
 
 b4n see fedm ban. 
 
 ■ban see -ban under -ba. 
 
 bap see bap. 
 
 bdp see tuk-bdp. 
 
 bdp yb. t. to drink, to guzzle; to gobble; 
 
 — bdp-bo s.a guzzler, gormandizer; cibdp- 
 bo s. a wine-bibber. — bap-mo s. a monkey, 
 prob. from bap as above „a gobbler". 
 
 bam i. q. bam q. y. 
 
 *b4m t'dk T. bal-tag s. a match for 
 firing guns. 
 
 bar yb. n. to increase (a little in hight), 
 to spring up a little; to start (as thing 
 out of its place) bdr-lun pld yb. to be an 
 upstart opp. to a-gyit-nyim-bo s. a man 
 of ancient family; a-kiip bdk tet ti yb. to 
 be grown a little (as children) bdr tet pld 
 vb. to be grown a little (as teeth of 
 animals). — pd-bdr-ld full, brimful, li pd- 
 bdr-ld blydn the house is filled, pd-bdr- 
 ld Idk vb. to fill as vessel. 
 
 bir vb. n. to be capacious, to be spa- 
 cious; adj. wide, capable of holding much, 
 li bdr a spacious house, nd^-var bdr-bo a 
 capacious ship, ci bum bdr-bo a c. wine- 
 vase; — a-bdr adj. having a large bore 
 (as gun). 
 
 bar-fdh s. the patricians, aristocracy, in 
 contradiction to a-den q. cfr., a division 
 of the Rong-people H. H. Risley, Tribes 
 2, 8. M. Gr. XII. n. 
 
 bal vb. to scrape, as fowls before nest- 
 ling; hik bdl s. name of bird; bdl-fo s. 
 ditto; bdl-lyan s. a place where fowls rest; 
 
 — bdl bdl (rubbing) quickly or in a hasty 
 manner b. b. nyok vb. to rub quickly 
 between fingers b. b. hut vb. to scratch 
 head in a hasty manner as when excited. 
 
 ba 1. excl. stop!, hold!, hut! ba go ndk- 
 so hold, let me see it. 
 
 ba in comp. „ place", „ direction" 
 „ where" „ there" see sd (sd-ba; sd-ba-ld); 
 o; a; me; ta; co etc. see bi. — 1. postp. 
 1. q. -ka among, gun-nd-ba a-flik mak 
 among all some died; — 2. expresses also 
 „time" as a-lo-ba these times, now-a- 
 days; — expresses also „when" (past) 
 t'am-cdn-pdn cim bam-ba md-tsdk-ne when 
 the cattle were feeble, he put (them) not 
 in; G., hum gyek-ba hit k. -ka bam-nyi 
 he was at K, when se bare him G.; go 
 
(ba) 
 
 "ba-guk— bat 
 
 253 
 
 li-ka Kyd-ba hu md-bam-ne when I arrived 
 at the house he was not at home; ho 
 non-Mn-ba no-o whenever you wish to go, 
 go, — correl. of sd-ba; is repeated emph- 
 ly. after the vb., ho sd-ba nm-ba go Id 
 ndn-so whenever you go I shall go also 
 see sd-ba; — c. c. han-nun "before" e. c. 
 lok-re-nun td-i nuh-fom-bo-rem md-luk-na- 
 ba han-nun lyo-lun dum-sd prdk-lun hd-yu 
 do tuk-pun-'pldn-ka ka bu non the people 
 took their dough before it was leavened, 
 their kneading -troughs being bound up 
 in their clothes upon their shoulders Ex. 
 — 3. by means of, thro', by reason 
 of, generally with mat or nun mat; a-re 
 rin li-ba hu a-lut-sd gdt-tun fop md by 
 making this speach he obtained the de- 
 sires of his heart; sd-lo mat-ba ryu-so by 
 what means will it be good, what is 
 best to be done; — 4. a verbal particle 
 expresses a past indefinite in s. of 
 the Skt. absolutive, T. cin or te as hu 
 U-ba (when) he said; hu non-ba (when) 
 he went; — c. c. so in s. of suffix of the 
 fut. perf., hu fi—wun-sd go non-so-ba when 
 he arrives I shall have gone. — 5. often 
 used in songs, merely an expletion and 
 redundant, used to fill up the measure 
 as ha te ju-wun-sd on sitting down. 
 
 Instr. ban and ban (contr. fr. ba-nun) 
 affixed to verbs forms a past participle, 
 e. c. M a-zdm zo-ban ndn having eaten 
 food he went away; fi-ban U-ba having 
 come he said; rum dar-mit fd-no-nun 
 td-h tin-mum tsun-bii-bdn (or tsun-bu-lun) 
 Idm-non-ne-yam-o the five dakini's lift 
 Padma up and flew away P; s.-nun hum 
 si-lun tsam-bdn hii dyep-ka da-lun hum 
 hlok fat when Sh. saw her, he took her, 
 and lay with her, and defiled 'her G.; 
 a-yu do mum tok-ld mat-bdn dum lyet 
 dydm-md-o be clean and change your 
 garments. G.; dy. nap-mo-ka nyot-nun 
 I6t-ba l.-nun hum pld-lun fut-bdn hum li 
 I. came out of the field in the evening 
 and L. went out to meet him, and said G. 
 
 (ba), ba-la fully open ; rip ba-ld fot-non 
 to open out or be fully blown (as a 
 
 flower); open out (as a cloth), dum ba-ld 
 kap vb. to spread the cloth fully out. 
 
 *ba-guk s. fr.-T. sgyig? a pouch, kom ba- 
 guk a purse. 
 
 "^ba-gdk T. pag-gu or par-gok see co, 
 CO ba-gok a cake of tea. 
 
 ba-dam nun s. the hazel-tree G. 30,37. 
 
 ba-do s. a scarf. 
 
 ba-ddn see num-dak. 
 
 ba-mo (mun) a female demon, an ogress, 
 a witch, sH-mo ba-mo-sdn: gnomes and 
 vampires. 
 
 *ba-tS(5 T. sbas (sbed-pa), rtsa s. adj. 
 a clandestine or impure root or origin; 
 a bastard ; mongrel, baseborn, spurious, 
 illegitimate. 
 
 * ba-la -ha Skt. valdha, T. ba-la- ha s. 
 name of Padmasambhava's horse, Pega- 
 sus P. 
 
 bak 1. s. the noise made by any heavy 
 substance falling on the earth, bak-ld glo 
 vb. to fall with a whack, bak-ld grik s. 
 the sound of ditto. 
 
 bak 2, a-bak adj. thick (log), kun-bak 
 a thick log of wood. 
 
 ban, ban vb. n. t. to diminish, to de- 
 crease, to reduce, to subtract, to curtail 
 (in quantity, size or quality to settle 
 down in part, to collapse, to fall in (as 
 earth which was previously level) to chop 
 in small pieces, to attenuate, abridge, 
 a-fron-ka ban-non there is a deficiency 
 in the account; dyok-ka ban-niin md-nyin- 
 ne there is no defect in the work. — 
 a-ban s. 1. a half less than, 2. not full, 
 small deficiency, a-han nydt one and a 
 half i. c. one half less than two, a-ban 
 md-fdp-ne give us not short weight, pd- 
 dam a-ban a water-vessel not full. 
 
 baii-ga-la s. a sort of large javelin, 
 poisoned and used for killing elephants 
 for the sake of ivory, ban-gd-la-sd pok 
 vb. to throw the javelin. 
 
 bat straight across, right across, bat-Id 
 to vb. to put evenly across, kun bat-Id 
 cit vb. to split tree evenly; kun 16m bat- 
 Id pok vb. to fell a tree causing it to fall 
 across a road. — pd-bat-ld i. q. bat-Id. 
 
254 
 
 (bat,)— ban 
 
 ban, pun-ban-la— bap 
 
 (bat,) pur-bat adj. viciously disposed. 
 
 ban 1. postp. contr. fr. ba-nun see 
 under ba. 
 
 ban 2 see ban. 
 
 ban 3. s. a knife (of any description), 
 the Lepcha knife (worn at side), the 
 L.'s always wore a long knife in open 
 sheath at their side and it was their most 
 important and valuable article, Hook. 1, 
 130; H. H. Eisley, Tribes 2, 13; 2. a blade, 
 3. the barb of arrow sun-ban; — ban md- 
 nyin-nun-sd a-kd kyet the handle is useless 
 without the blade; ban zo-ro-nun-nd-o (a 
 curse) may you become food for the k.; 
 ban kyon (non) a blunt k. ; ban k^'ot {n6n) 
 to be notched (jagged); the edge; ban-sd 
 tin vb. to dissever with knife, b.-sd tin 
 rill cutting language, ban-sd tin-re zdn li 
 to speak cuttingly ; ban fok vb. to make 
 a ban; ban dot vb. to draw ban; ban dor 
 vb. to have edge turned; ban nol (edge) 
 to be turned; ban-nvm pok vb. to stab 
 with k.; ban fdr-non- to become rusty; 
 ban fyol vb. to unfasten b. from belt; ban 
 ba, vb. to wear a b.; b. vya bi/. to wear 
 b. dangling; b. sen bii to wear b. sticking 
 in west, ban tset vb. to prick or pierce 
 with knife, ban let ban to be sharp. ; ban 
 lyap vb. to brandish b.; ban vyek vb. to 
 sharpen ban by rubbing it against another; 
 ban Ml ylo knife to slip down; ban sen 
 vb. to stick knife into sheath, waistband 
 etc. — 
 
 Comp. ban ka s. the shoulder-belt of 
 b., ban ka lei a small crooked species of 
 ban, a small curved knife; — ban kin s. 
 the back of b. — ban kHp s. a small ban, 
 ban kHp sel to insert b. into its fob said 
 of the young head of maize when first 
 sprouting (from its fancied form to a fob 
 for small k.) — ban kyup s. the binding 
 at end of handle, next to the blade. — 
 ban klop a piece cut out by k. — ban 
 ktyop flat side of blade. — ban gin s. a 
 leather strap or belt for ban, (the small 
 strap attached to the sheat of b. — ban 
 gli s. the part of ban which is fixed into 
 handle. — ban nor s. a steel-knife, ban 
 
 nor idk vb. to temper ban, ban nor Idt 
 vb. to have temper of ban destroyed, ban 
 nor zdn the ban is too highly tempered. 
 
 — ban nyak s. point of k. — ban td-rek 
 (a. curse) a worm of a knife, b. t.-r. nun- 
 nd-d may you become a worm of a knife. — 
 ban dam a. the iron which binds the handle 
 of ban. — ban pdk a stump of knife as 
 when blade broken. — ban pok s. 1. a 
 kind of ban with square top, 2. a species 
 of tun-krok; 8. a spec, of pulse tHk-byit 
 q. cfr.) 4. a spec, of rice ban pok zo. — 
 ban plydn s. the point of ban. — ban fiit 
 s. the handle, ban fiit nyan vb. to become 
 loose in handle, ban fiit nyur vb. to fix 
 the blade into handle, ban fut hyen vb. 
 the handle has come off, ban fut hryon 
 (knife) to be loose in handle. — ban-fo 
 the edge, ban fo ban kin the edge and 
 back of knife, ban fo ban hin lorn s. a 
 very narrow road (as on edge of pre- 
 cipice). — ban blydn s. the flat side of 
 ban. — ban ri s. the belt of ban. — ban 
 rol s. edge of blade to be worn or rubbed 
 away. — ban-Um s. a cut; a wound from 
 knife, ban 16m mydl-ld fyet a deep cut, 
 ■ban lorn, si tdt zdk a shlight cut. — ban 
 lyop s. the flat side of a k. — ban ham 
 s. the blade (without handle). — ban hur 
 s. a crooked b. (used only by women), 
 ban hur a-hyam md-nyin-niin-sd nw foolish 
 talk, nonsense, (the b. h. has no sheath). 
 
 — ban hor s. the ring which attaches b. 
 to belt. — ban hyam a. the sheath, vb. to 
 sheathe b. — ban sil-ld sil-ld blunt k., 
 ban sil-ld sil-ld ndk vb. to hack with h. 
 
 — ban a-gun an unsheathed ban. 
 sun-ban s. a barbed arrow, i. q. tson 
 
 a-gydn-nyim-bo, — sun-ban kun n. pr. of 
 a tree, tsdn-ban see tson. 
 
 ban, pun-ban-la on every side, pUn-ban- 
 Id tyot vb. to mince, un pUn-ban-ld kor 
 to be surrounded on every side by water. 
 
 ban f6 (corr. of aNepalese w.) s. apledge, 
 security, ban fo tap vb. to give a pledge; 
 ban fo bam vb. to lie in pledge. 
 
 bap 1. vb. t. 1. to knock together" to 
 .knock as heads a-fyak, bap head against 
 
bap— bam 
 
 "bar, a-bar— bf 
 
 255 
 
 anything, to run against anything, to come 
 into collision, to chatter (teeth : a-fo hap) 
 bap bap vyen to chatter with cold; 2. to 
 encounter, to rival, tin bap adverse words. 
 
 bap 2. s. a spec, of fern. 
 
 *bap-lf s. T. 'bab (a descending) the 
 descending from the top, hence: 1. the 
 skull, the top, Matthew IV. 5. 2. a kind 
 of ornamented cloth worn in front of dress. 
 
 bam vb. ]. to remain, to dwell, to he 
 at home, go hu U-ka ndn-ba hu md-bam- 
 ne I went to his house but he was not 
 at home, hii bam nyi he is at home, go 
 bam-ld md-bam-ne I shall certainly not 
 remain, b.-ka tul-ld din ndn-lun o-ba bam- 
 md arise go up to B. and dwell there Gr.; 
 bam-siim md-yo-nun don't think of re- 
 maining; 2. to live, sd-ba bam-mnin-d 
 where is he living (or) where can it be 
 to mlem-ka ndk-lun bam-te to whom can 
 I look to for support; — 3. to be fixed, 
 stationary, permanent; to be certain, md- 
 bam-ne not to remain; not to be per- 
 manent; md-bam-nun-sd not remaining, 
 unstable, impermanent, unenduring, trans- 
 ient, bam-sdn md-nyin-ne it is not for a 
 permanency;' it is not to remain; bam^sd 
 md-nyin-niim-bo a temporary thing, not 
 permanent; bam-ld adv. certainly; — 4. 
 to he, to exist, bam ka let us be (live, 
 remain, dwell etc.), su-ka bam-mun-go 
 where can (he or it) be? — 5. vb. aux. 
 forms a present durativum, see nan; go pi 
 bam I am writing, hu mik-krap bam he 
 is sleeping. 
 
 bam-bo s. an inhabitant, a dweller, a 
 (present) performer, a doer, lyan-sd bam- 
 bo an i. of the place; bu-bam-bo s. a 
 carrier; — bam used in s. of a female 
 habitant: bam tok 1. vb. to grind a woman 
 2. s. a lascivious w., bam-tydl s. a con- 
 cubine, b. ty. mat vb. to live in concubin- 
 age, to cohabit. 
 
 II. s. residence, home Tbr i. q. li, a- 
 bam s. a dwelling; — bam-lyan s. a dwell- 
 ing-place, an abode, place of residence 
 of man or beast, b. I. md-nyin-ne no place 
 of abode. 
 
 niim-bam, num-bam-nyo, bam-nyo ex- 
 pletive to num-sim-nyo see under si. 
 
 caus. byam to cause to place, byam fo 
 vb. to deposit, to situate, to locate, to 
 lodge, m.d-r6 lyan-kd byam to to colonize 
 a country. 
 
 *bar, a-bar T. bar s. the middle of any- 
 thing, the half, a-bar-ka mak to die while 
 still young; a-bar a-ndn-ka mak md-kon- 
 nun let us not die in the prime of life; 
 Id-vo bar-non the month is half gone, the 
 moon is half; 16m bar-ka on the journey, 
 lom bar the middle of road; bar tet blydn 
 half full; nam bar-ka fi to have reached 
 half the year; lyan bar-sd pd-no the king 
 who rules the space between this and the 
 world beyond. — tun-bar s. id. pd-tin tixn- 
 bar the middle of stick; Ayok tiin-bar the 
 middle of the work; Urn tiin-bar i., q. lom 
 bar; md-zH tiin-bar the middle of the body, 
 the waist; rin tun-bar li-ban non having 
 said half he had to say, he went away. 
 
 bal 1. vb. to repeat, to make repetition, 
 to reduplicate, to recur, bal-li/n zuk vb. 
 to remake, to do over again, bal-Un li 
 vb. to repeat; bal-lUn lom vb. to peram- 
 bulate, to walk to and fro, to make trips; 
 lot bal to return, to repeat, I6t bal-ld mat 
 to do over and over again; — baLbal or 
 bal-ld repeatedly, often, over and over 
 again; — pd-bal-ld continuously. — a-bal 
 s. a trip, a going and coming back, bal- 
 16m s. id. — bydl caus. 1. to cause to 
 go and return, to make a trip; 2. to bend, 
 to slope down; to hang, down slopingly, 
 hence to be weak, infirm. 
 
 bal 2 see kHm-bal. 
 
 bal-la i. q. ba-ld fully open (flower) P. 
 
 bf 1, a-bf s. a place, i. q. lyan the very 
 place, darbi s. the sleeping pi. ; — din-bi 
 s. the standing pi.; — lo-bi s. place of 
 repository. — ton-bi s. place where feet 
 are placed; — 2. advly. postp. nplace" 
 „ direction", more def. than ba q. v. see 
 a, 0, sd; correl. to sd-bi; h6 sd-bi non-bi, 
 go Id n6n-so giim where you go,. there will 
 I also go. — after verbs it expresses: 
 wher-e i. q. sd-bi, h6 mak-bi go Id mak- 
 
256 
 
 bf-bfk 
 
 bik-bft 
 
 so-gwn where you die, there will I die 
 also. — 3. postp. after nouns i. q. -ka in, 
 to, li-bi i. q. li-ka in or to the house, td- 
 bdk-bi md-non-ne or td-hdk-ka md-non-ne 
 it has not entered the stomach; a-lut-bi 
 cin md-nyin-ne cannot conceiye. 
 
 bf 2, bfn (to give) see under byi, byin. 
 bf 3, a-bf s. a yegetable, an edible herb, 
 see cdk-lt bi, kd-nol bi etc.; tam-bi id., 
 U-nar vb. to cut vegetables into slices. 
 — bijiik young and tender shoots or 
 edible herbs or any such plant; bi fon 
 s. greens; bi burn s. cabbage; bi hd s. 
 simple vegetables; — sometimes used in 
 sense of (a-')myet (q. v.) hik bi sot vb. to 
 kill a fowl (for accompagnement to rice) 
 for food. 
 
 bf 4. s. a spec, of grass bi p6n. 
 
 bf 5. s. edge, border, the border or 
 edging of cloth, dum bi i. q. dum-kiii; 
 tsom bi the end -twist of hair -tail; lyan 
 bi the utmost limits of a place; expletive 
 to cu: cu bi the snowy mountains. 
 
 bf 6. vb. n. to run to seed, a plant to 
 be large, coarse and stringy, bi bi-non 
 to become old and uneatable, pd-rok 
 bi-ndn the bamboo has become old 
 and coarse (so as not to be able to be 
 eaten). 
 
 bf 7 s. complaint, accusation, imputation, 
 impeachment, tell-tale, bi mat vb. to 
 lodge a complaint, to accuse, bi tso vb. 
 to investigate a complaint, bi ts6k-bo a. 
 a defendant; bi so-bo s. an accuser, bi 
 kydp-bo a. id.; bi so-bo-sd a-li zat-n6n-so 
 the tongue of the tell-tale shall be split. 
 
 bi bo s. whistling thro' fingers, bi bo 
 mdt vb. to whistle thro' fingers. 
 
 bf-ro s. the tomate-plant, Solanum lyco- 
 persicum, bi-ro pot a loveapple. 
 
 bi-r(5 s. a pipe a roll of tobacco, a cigar, 
 cheroot, a tobacco tube for holding t. 
 while smoking; any cylindrical or conical 
 tube or holder; bi-rd fan to smoke. 
 
 bf-lo (see ga() s. a fee, a tax on merchant, 
 blackmail. 
 
 bfk 1. split open, burst open; vb. to 
 divide, to sunder, disconnect. tHk-byit 
 
 pi bik-ndn the peapods are split. — pd- 
 bik adj. bursting forth, splitting out. 
 
 bik 2. (fr. bik 1. to burst?) tam-bik a. 
 an insect (creeping or flying), fam-bik 
 pd-no a. king of insects: hornet see tik, 
 1. tik-mi Vespa crabro. — hik s.. a spec, 
 of small scorpion, diff. from dik-bo ra-dsa. 
 
 — ritp-ci bik a. a spec, of beetle. 
 
 bik 3. s. a cow, krm-bik a cow of the 
 plains or Nepalese cow, nyo bik a L. 
 cow, nam-fa bik a Gorkha cow, pd-gu 
 bik a large spec, of cow, sd-tstck bik a 
 wild cow, yok bik the yak; — bik md vb. 
 to call cow; — Comp. bik kHp a. a calf; 
 
 — bik kHr-tyu s. the dewlap of cow; — 
 bik gu a. a full grown cow that has 
 born young; bik gu nyen lat gdn bik kup 
 nyen lat if the breed be good, the off- 
 spring will be good; — bik ndk-bo a. a 
 cowherd; — bik nyen a. a cow's udder; 
 bik nyen- bo a quiet cow; bik nyen tser 
 z6n-bo a good milker, bik nyen tser a-jen 
 a bad milker; — bik tUt and bik tiin-gren 
 a. a cow's hoof; — bik fun a. a cow's 
 hide; — bik dor a. a spec, of mushroom 
 (edible); — bik pO, a. a calf; — bik p6t or 
 bik nyen p6t a. the teats of udder; — bik 
 fyam a. the hump of cow or ox; — bik 
 bit a. a bull; — bik hyon a. a cow's house; 
 
 — bik bro-bo s. a cowherd; — bik mik a. 
 a cow's eye, a bull's eye : spec, of Aga- 
 ricus (not edible), it comes on a partially 
 burnt tree that has been felled together 
 with cim-pa pot; — bik mot a. a cow; — 
 bik mlem angry looking; — bik rdn-bo a. 
 a cowherd; — bik I6n a. a bull; Uk Ion 
 cun a steer; bik Un bop a. an ox; — bik 
 l6n-bo a. a cowherd; — Uk lyen a. a heifer; 
 
 — bik san a. a barren cow; — bik dyit 
 a. cowdung; bik dyit muk a. n. of plant, 
 used as vegetable bik dyit bi; bik dyit 
 dor a. spec, of Agaricus (edible). 
 
 bin s. a ravine, a deep water, difficulty, 
 trouble, danger, biH-ka tsut vb. to fall 
 into difficulty. — pUn-bin-ld narrow, 
 applied to door, river, or any hollow. 
 
 bftvb.to whip, to beat, to scourge,.pM<-to 
 s. switching, pHt-bit-ld lyUp vb. to switch. 
 
bfn— bu 
 
 *bu 3. a-bu— bu4, bu-n, bu-n-bo 257 
 
 bfn (see'bydn') vb. t. 1. to follow closely, 
 to be attached to, to be in connection 
 with, to be affixed, to be annexed, bin 
 ryak to follow (as a dog); — bin-bo s. an 
 assistant etc., myok bin-bo attendant of 
 bridegroom, nydrn bin-bo bride-maid. — 
 pim-bin-ld adv. closely, p.-b.-la ryak to 
 follow closely. — 2. to stick in throat 
 partially (as a mass of food not bone) 
 to be almost choked, a-zdm sd-grek-ka bin 
 food to nearly choke or a-nytim bin to 
 smother the voice (food). 
 
 bfm s. the sound of flute, flageolet, 
 melody of ditto. — bim pd-yul (see tiik- 
 fyer fo) s. n. of a bird, so called from 
 its cry, the "brain-fever bird" of Euro- 
 peans in India" Hierococcyx varius M., 
 W. R. i!07; nUm-bim pd-yul ace. W. 
 „nimbin-pi-yul^'' Hierococcyx sparveroides 
 W., E. 207., Jc. 331. 
 
 *bir T. 'ber s. a black composition, used 
 for ornaments, bir-bo-U s. an earring formed 
 from bir and so called, bir lyak s. a neck- 
 lace of bir. 
 
 -bu 1., a-ba see -mot M. Gr. 24, and 
 Brandreth JAS. N. S. 10. 1878(11) 1. male 
 sex of animals: hik-bu a cock; etc., — 
 2 a coin, (fine gold). See also jer-bii, 
 jer-mdt. 
 
 bu 2 T. 'bu s. a reptile, a worm; ca- 
 terpillar, leech, kin bH s. cloth-worm; td- 
 gri bu (Jen) Scolopendra genus; td-hryak 
 bii (see hryak) Myriapoda-genus; tuk-sol 
 bu, up-su/i bii species of intestinal worms; 
 dar bii Calandra-genus; frek bii a supposed 
 Acarus, causing itching in the feet; fo bit 
 tooth- worm Caries; hyap bii weevil genus 
 Curculio; — a snake pd-gret bii, pd-fdn 
 bii pd-mdl bii etc. spec, of snakes ; bii tHk- 
 tok ran to extend hood as cobra de ca- 
 pello; bii zdn "like a snake": travelling 
 withoutiaw or anything.— running stream, 
 river see nyo-biX; miir-nyo-bii. See M. 
 Gr. 139. 
 
 Comp. ba kryu s. the slough of snake, 
 exuviae, cast skin. — bUnam s.the serpent, 
 year T. sbrul lo M. 141. — bii U s. n. of 
 vegetable. Beta vulgaris. 
 
 Deriv. fam-bH s. a reptile, any creep- 
 ing creature, fam-bUfain-bik or fam-bH fam- 
 cdn T. 'gro-ba, Skt. satva, creatures P. 
 
 *bu, 3. a-bu T. dbu (see also u) s. the 
 superior, the upper part of anything, the 
 first beginning of an undertaking, bii nyot 
 a first reclamation of land for cultivation, 
 an embryo-cultivation, nam bii a new year, 
 an epoch, an era; lUn-tok bu the upper 
 mill-stone. 
 
 bu 4, bu-n, bu-n-bo part,, (deriv. bUni) 
 I 1. vb. to bear, to carry, to convey, a- 
 kd-ka pd-tun bii your staff in yourhandEx.; 
 — 2. to bear clothes, ornaments etc. sa- 
 kon bit vb. to bear earrings; — 3. to be 
 with child, to be pregnant: a-kiip-bii; 4. 
 to possess and carry on person (as eye, 
 ear, nose) to append to, a-nyor bu. vb. to 
 possess ears; a-nyom fik bu leaves to 
 commence to bud forth, a-p6t bii to bear 
 fruit; a-bryan bii to be called, J. ydii 
 bryan biin-bo by name J. — 5. met. to 
 suffer, to endure biin Ihl to be able to 
 endure; a-p6t bii vb. to bear the conse- 
 quences; on-ci a-tet bii fat ik-da biin md- 
 Mn-ne I endured so much oppression, I 
 cannot bear it longer; dH bH vb. to suffer 
 illness; dUk bH vb. to suffer trouble, to 
 be in difficulty; — 6. to carry on any 
 undertaking, to proceed with, to continue 
 (a work), to pursue (a task etc.) a-lHt-ka 
 tin-lvok bit or no bii. vb. to bear malice; 
 a-iat-ka bit vb. to bear in the breast; 
 to take* oath: ryak-bH; 
 
 biin-bo s. a carrier, a-pot biin-bo bearing 
 fruit, bit/i-siim-bo s. a thing for carrying, 
 conveyance, vehicle, basket. 
 
 II. ba s. a burden, a load, a weight; 
 baggage, luggage, freight, cargo, lading, 
 bii biin-bo s. a porter, a carrier of loads; 
 kun-on bii a cart-load; nd-var-sd bii a 
 ship-load, a cargo; bii-witn bU-ldt s. 1. a 
 cargo, ins. of weight: adjly. hard, grievous, 
 painful, sore, woeful, severe bH hrim 
 grievous, severe punishment. 
 
 a-bitn s. carrying, conveyance, vehicle, 
 a-bUn pldn-ka non vb. to travel on any 
 conveyance (as in a palkee). a-bUn-lyan 
 
 17 
 
258 
 
 bu— bu Idk 
 
 buk— bul 
 
 s.the p]ace for carrying on (as the back); a- 
 btin sa-lom zuk-sdn-go how will you carry it. 
 
 tam-biin s. a burden, a load, anything 
 carried. 
 
 bum 1. said to infants: bum bum: go 
 bum bu-so I will carry you, bUm bum mat 
 or b.-b.-ka di we will go forth, let us go, 
 let us carry you out; 2. vb. n. to bud 
 forth, zo fd-fru-ld bum grain to bud forth 
 fruitfully; — 3. s. an inchoation, an open- 
 ing, abeginning, a-bum s. abud, pregnancy 
 rip-bum 1. s. a bud of flowers. 2. vb. 
 flowers to bud; bum nan vb. n. to be in 
 bud; zo bum s. a budding-ear of corn; 
 som bum s. the breath; a-mlem bum s. a 
 chub-cheeked rosy face (rose-bud face); 
 a-bum-ka mak vb. to die while pregnant. 
 
 Comp. verbs (c. bu) bu ka vb. to lade 
 as a bullock; — bu-kap vb. to cover over 
 burden with anything so as to protect it 
 from rain or snow; — bu fif vb. to bring 
 to hand, to arrive with; — bu dan vb. 
 to run with, to proceed with, to cause to 
 proceed, on bu dan to speed on a horse, 
 nd-var bii dan to navigate a boat; — bii 
 da vb. to lie with, upon, to lay, nan bu 
 da to press down, upon; — bu di vb. to 
 bring, to fetch, to carry; — bu din vb. 
 to take up, to raise up; — bu noh vb. 1. 
 to proceed on, to continue, to carry on, 
 to go along, to maintain, to retain, 2. 
 to take away, to remove, to transpose, 
 nd-var bu ndh continue the sailing of the 
 boat, pi bu noh go on with the writing, 
 biji no imp. 1. take away, 2. proceed, con- 
 tinue; — bO, fyol vb. to unlade, to take 
 off load; - bUyii vb. to bring down; — 
 ba lam vb. to fly away with P; — &m lat 
 vb. to bring from any deflnite distance; 
 bu luk vb. to raise, to get up with, to 
 rise, bii luk dan vb. to rise and run, to 
 rush along; — bu lorn vb. to walk away 
 with; bii hrdh vb. to bring up, to fetch 
 up, bu ot vb. to unloose load. 
 
 bu, 5 pur-bu i. q. pur-bat ill-tempered. 
 
 bu Idks. excessive expenditure, bulokmat 
 vb. to squander, to waste to lavish,to dis- 
 sipate, b. I. mat-bo a prodigal, spendthrift. 
 
 buk 1. vb. t. to beat, to strike, to hit, 
 to knack, to thumb, to stripe, to pound, 
 appl. also to clearing of jungle biik Mm, 
 to give a beating in return; bUk-luh sot 
 to beat to death; zo buk to pound graia 
 por buk to print. — 2. s. a blow, a thump, 
 a beating, buk-mat to strike, to beat. — 
 bak-set s. see tih-s6. 
 
 but 1. yeast, ferment; fermentation, a 
 sort of malt made from rice used as a 
 ferment for the spirit cl; Ku bUt md-fap- 
 num-bo adj. unleavened bread Ex ; — 
 biU-bo leaven, ferment, po biit s. the sa- 
 licious particles that are carried up in 
 the interior of bamboo with it's growth. 
 — 2. granulation, pulverization, a-fo bvt- 
 ndn the tooth is decayed. — 3. the insect 
 that eats and causes the destruction, bUt- 
 pd-lt/dn; co but-niin fa-non the book is 
 wormeaten. — bUt-td biit-td finely pulver- 
 ized, b. td b.-td dyam to be ground to au 
 unpalatable powder. — 4. vb. n. to go to 
 sleep as foot, as limb, when temporally 
 benumbed a-fon bUt-non my foot is asleep. 
 
 bun, 1. bun bun sprinkling as of rain, 
 powder etc., see alsorfww diin;sob. b.yu, vb. 
 to drizzle; td-i b. b.fyotvh. to spriukleflour. 
 
 bun, 2 fam bun*mo or fam-bUn ter-mo 
 (fr. bun 1.?) s. pudendum maris vel fe- 
 minae Tbr. 
 
 bun 3. see bii. 
 
 bup-&e i. q. bdk-ce. 
 
 bum 1. see kd-bum. bum pd-jd to sit 
 with arms folded resting or hams, kd-j6m 
 kd-ti kd-bUm folding hands and arms to- 
 gether as in supplication. 
 
 bum see under bH 4. 
 
 bum a-bum s. hectic flash mkm, bum. 
 
 '^bur-dun T. bar-gdun? 1. the passions, 
 the feelings, desire, a-Mt-sd biir-diih s. 
 the passions -of heart, a-lHt-sd bUr-diin- 
 niin to keep in subjection the passions 
 of the heart, a-l.-sd b. d. ton to give reins 
 to the passions; — 2. affliction, bUr-dBn 
 mat to drive out by fire, as fox out of 
 hole, people out of house. 
 
 bul 1. 8. dandriff, scurf of head a-fyak- 
 ka bill pld, 2. vb. n. scurf to rise. 
 
bill— buk 
 
 but) 
 
 259 
 
 bul bid-Id hdl-ld diligent, speady, quick 
 bul-ld hdl-ld dyok zuk vb. to work dili- 
 gently, b.-ld h.-ld nO'O gram lot di go and 
 return expeditiously. 
 
 bul-fo s. species of dove, bronze-winged 
 dove, Chalcophaps Indica. 
 
 -bu for -bo the agentive, ddk-bo i. q. 
 ddk-bo etc. 
 
 bu 1. bu-m vb. n. 1. to burst, (as vessel 
 pd-tek) to crack, to split, to spring, to 
 crackle (as fire, jungle muk fan-ba when 
 burning) applied to earth when bad 
 (sandy) fat bu, 2. vb. to bellow, to roar 
 (as cannon, thunder), to detonate, 3. adj. 
 dry, cracked, bad (earth) fat bu, bad 
 fissured earth, Idn bu rotten stone, tri- 
 poli, kun bu-non for tree to crack. — pd- 
 bu-ld bloated as countenance a-mlem pd- 
 bu-ld. — bum bursting forth (noise); — 
 bum 61 s. eructation, vb. to eructate, b. 
 61 mat vb. to eructate; bum md-dl-lun 
 do not belch. — Cans, byu to cause to 
 burst to crack or spring, Idn byu to spring 
 a mine, td-lu byu said of mats which 
 crack while thrashing corn. 
 
 bu 2, a-bu 1. s. the lungs, bu Jiak vb. 
 to puff, to blow, to pant excessively; 
 2. white of eye, mik-bu, m.-b. lyiip the 
 white of eye to appear and disappear; 
 to die Tbr." 
 
 bu gdk T. Ibu- pron. by L.'s generally 
 bo gok q. v. (foam). 
 
 bu-jal-li pa-yuk or ban s. a kind of ban. 
 
 bu sa-gan (for bu sd-gan) s. "a thick 
 serpent" membrum virile Tbr. 
 
 buk 1., a-buk s. the back, the wrong side 
 of anything, the worse (in contradist. to 
 mik), the reverse, the bad, dishonorable 
 part of anything, the left, the sinister, 
 the unclean, the refuse, pd-li buk the in- 
 side, the soft useless part of split cane, 
 md-ro-sd a-buk s. the refuse of man, rin 
 buk 1. the wrong side of a question, 2. 
 useless vain speech. 
 
 buk 1 s. 1. yam Hooker I, 359, H. H. 
 Eisley, Tribes 2, 12. applied to the genus 
 Dioscorea, to all specc. of yam also to 
 the potatoe on its introduction into Dor- 
 
 jiling: pi-liii-mo btik Solauum tubei'osum. 
 There are many species of buk: sd-on 
 buk, sd-du buk, fo kiip buk; the following 
 specc. are considered good: pd-dum, pd- 
 glin, pd-run, pd-z6k, puk-pum, hik-byen, 
 sd-pum; the f. are miev'mx: pd-ki, pd-zdt, 
 buk-jen pd-nyar, pd-kvp, sd-li, kd-sok ka- 
 a), tun-glu, mvn-g6r pd-ri, sun-gol; 2. 
 Quercus lamellosa Wtt. Q. 52; — buk-mo 
 s. the downward root of tuber, the tuber 
 in contradistinction to buk-kup s. the 
 horizontal, tubercular shoots from the b.- 
 mo the radicle tuber; buk nyet s. the 
 juncture of the stem-root, a tuber; buk 
 td-i a-kom zuk vb. to mash potatoes; buk 
 tuk-brok s. the potatoe apple which grows 
 on potatoe-stalk, the seed -fruit of buk; 
 buk fit 8. a small tubercule from the 
 radical tuber; buk pap vb. to cut potatoes 
 so as to make them shoot and spread; 
 bukpum s. the epigeal or hypogeal fibrous 
 roots of buk; buk fu vb. to divide the 
 stem-root so that the tuber sprouts anew 
 near buk pum, buk fum s. a tuber grown 
 as above; buk miin-gor s. a kind of sweet 
 potatoe also called buk klyam; buk mvt 
 s. the potatoe-bulb, which is eaten with- 
 out the buk rik: the stalk, a yam-tuber- 
 bulb; buk tsdk vb. to erect a stake for 
 the buk- creeper, buk tsdk pok tii to faint 
 away, to fall insensible (a superstition 
 that if the stake falls or is blown down 
 the erector also suffers and falls insens- 
 ible. The same is said with respect the 
 kur-don and some other plants;) buk zol 
 (root) to sprout, to run to seed said when 
 buk runs to stalk and the bulb conse- 
 quently bad; buk rik s. the dioscorea- 
 creeper; buk len 1. vb. to mould up po- 
 tatoes; 2. s. a sprout of 6., buk riim-bo re 
 Mam gdn a-tel fop-so "if you perseveringly 
 dig the deep-rooted yam, you will get to the 
 end" prov. persevere and you will succeed. 
 bun 1. vb. to increase, to augment, to 
 develop, bat bun -a may you increase, 
 may you prosper, go a- do da-kyem bat 
 bun-kon-sdn-ka a-do lop mat-so I am thy 
 shield and thy exceeding great reward G. 
 
260 
 
 bun— bum pa-li dak 
 
 bur— bo 
 
 bun 2. s. a bundle (as of sticks), a 
 cluster, a sheaf as of corn. 
 
 bun-§U s. indigestion, hun-su tsuk \h. 
 to suffer from indigestion, bun-su svt 
 dydn Tb. to propitiate the evil spirit bun- 
 su mun (the e. sp. of indigestion). 
 
 "^buh-iun, bun-sun dan to run for stakes, 
 i. q. fon sun etc. 
 
 but 1. s. the itch, psora, but jak id., 
 but tsdt-sum-bo gum the itch is contagious; 
 2. adj. a-but soft, frangible, rotten, Idn 
 but a rotten stone. 
 
 bun vb. to be rough with wear said 
 of cloth when getting worn and rough 
 from the threads projecting dum dl bun- 
 n&ii the new cloth has become quite 
 rough and coarse. — pun-bun adj. rough, 
 worn, as cloth. — td-bun adj. large and 
 shaggy, applied to dog, plants etc. kd-ju 
 td-bun 1. a large shaggy dog, 2. s. name 
 of spec, of high grass; See tsdk-bun. 
 
 bun-rf s. an edging, frame, a border, 
 a skirting, rim, a setting as stone in 
 ring, a-rfi tiik-am-sd bun-ri kom go-pa 
 the edging of this cup is made of silver; 
 ku-sd bun-ri the frame of the picture, ku 
 bun-ri kum to frame a picture; Idn kd-kyi/p- 
 ka bun-ri tap the stone is set in the ring. 
 
 bup 1. see under td-kryijp. 
 
 bup 2. vb. n. 1. to be delusive, falla- 
 cious, to prove false, mdn bup-ndn the 
 dream has proved false; kydn bup-ndn 
 the prediction is fallacious. — 2. to be 
 intoxicated, ci bup (jion). 
 
 *bup-(5e see bdk-ce. 
 
 *bum 1. T. bum{-pa) s. ser bum a glass- 
 bottle. 
 
 *bum 2 T. 'bu7n num. one hundred 
 thousand, J. -kup-pdn on-pdn md-dun-nd 
 td-gri fdt lom-bo bum td-rdk mat ram-ze- 
 niin pld-lun suk-kot-ka po-non the children 
 of I. jom-neyed from Rameses to Succoth 
 about six hundred thousand on foot that 
 were men, beside children Ex. 
 
 bum-doh all at once, all together, /«/- 
 yu bum-do/l-ndn they went away all to- 
 gether. 
 
 bum pa-li dak i. q. jium pd-il Jak. 
 
 bur see bor. 
 
 bul (brilliant, sparkling) 6tti-W bul-ld 
 dum a dazzling white. 
 
 be see bye. 
 
 bek see byek etc. 
 
 ben adj. empty, without the virtue, 
 without the essence, zo ben an empty 
 grain of corn, the husk. 
 
 ber kufi ace. Wtt. B. 281 s. a tree Erio- 
 botrya bengalensis. 
 
 -bo T. -pa, -po, -ba, -bo an affix which 
 when attached to the roots of verbs gives 
 the significations of nouns "agentis" and 
 adj.'s; with numerals it forms the ordinal 
 number. Before -bo vb's ending in a 
 vowel, assume their full form (fin. cons.) 
 di to come di-t-bo a comer; is also pass, 
 as well as active as mat-mm-bo what is 
 to be done, md-ro yv-ka tit-bo going to 
 the wife of another; followed by -sa is 
 synonymous with -«« expressing a future 
 active participle kd-siim, zuk-bo-sd kd ydm- 
 bo or kd-sum zuk-kHn-sd kd ydm-bo the 
 skillful creator of me; go tit bo-sd i. q. 
 go fi-wtin-sd on arriving. 
 
 bo ]. a-bo T. po s. father, bo mo pa- 
 rents, bo nil father and family, bo lo 
 father-iu-law, bo fyon s. the father's family, 
 a-bo-sda-i'ia o fathers; a-bo pd-no kd-sv 
 ray honoured father; a-bo md-nyin-nii m- 
 bo fatherless; a-bo Id bam-bo an adopted 
 father, a-bo kHp s. a male child; a-bo 
 li-wiin-ka u-kup md-nydn-ne the child 
 does not mind what his father says, 
 a-bo myoh ddii vb. to avenge the father; 
 
 — an entire non-emasculated animal e. c. 
 mon-bo a boar (see few). 
 
 bo 2. caus. byd-t (see also boV) (to be 
 acute, concentrated (poison), to ferment; 
 to be fervid; to be lustful, obscene) 
 in comp. nyin-bo concentrated poison for 
 arrow; — tam-bo poison Tbr.; — bUt-bo 
 a small quantity yeast which mixed pro- 
 duces much; — tam-bo s. leaven, yeast 
 Tbr.; — sak-bo-ld adv. fervidly, heartily; 
 
 — tam-bo lustful, obscene act, tam-bo mat 
 vb. to act libidinously. Caus. byot: sak- 
 bydt to be joyful. 
 
bo— bok 
 
 bok— bon 
 
 ■261 
 
 bo 3. bdn vb. [T. 'bogs-pa] to give, to 
 grant, fut. bo-h, imperat. bo cfr. M. Gr. 
 128. — bo is used relatively to the l.th 
 and 2.d persons for byi to give q. v. kd- 
 sum bo give me; a-dom bo-so will give you; 
 bdn gat necessary to give; go a dom bon 
 gat I wish to give it to you; go a-dom 
 bon-ld md-bo-ne I wish not to give it to 
 you; hd-sum su-ld bon md-gat-ne (thou) 
 shalt not give me anything G.; bon bu 
 vb. to bring, bii- bon id.; a-ba bu bon bring 
 it here, affixed forms transitiva e. c. gyek 
 bo (see gyek byt), dun bo etc., hu kd-su kvr- 
 sdk-ka gyek-bo-sdn go la hu-niin mat-lun 
 si-nun-so she shall bear upon my knees 
 that I may also have children with her G. 
 kd-sum dun bon md-Kun-nd-d can you not 
 tell me; bon bo imperat. bring towards. 
 
 — bon-bo adj. s. giving, a giver. 
 *bo-gdk, bu-gdk T. lbu(-ba) s. foam, 
 
 froth ci-sd b.g ; gyam-tso-sd b.g.; a-bon- 
 niin bo-gok fid to foam at the mouth. 
 
 bo-di fr. Skt. bodhi s. intuition, con- 
 ception, contrivance, artifice, trick, stra- 
 tagem, machination, bo-di fdp s. contri- 
 vance; bo-di-nun sot vb. to kill by artifice ; 
 bo-di mat vb. to be ingenious, to contrive, 
 to invent, bo-di-nun top vb. to obtain 
 thro' one's own genius. 
 
 *bo-de s. T. bo-de a name of beads for 
 rosaries, the beads of a rosary bo-de-sd 
 pyeh-bo tsu fron to count beads of a ro- 
 sary. See W. in E. 285. 
 
 bo-Ian adv. 1. much at one time, all 
 at once in opp. to sa-sa by degrees or 
 by instalments, 2. excessive, extremily, 
 bo-lan dak da vb. to be very ill; bo-lav 
 byi vb. to give all at once. 
 
 bo-lin i. q. bo-lan. 
 
 bo-lyen s. a carpenters plane, an-to bo- 
 lyen kydp vb. to plane a plank. 
 
 bok 1. vb. t. to spread one upon another 
 as cloth; vb. n. to be collected, heaped 
 up, piled up (applied to sheaves, straw, 
 wood, rice) a-can bok-lUn fo to pile sheaves 
 one upon another; tun-sun bokyh. to heap 
 up straw; 2. s. quitted garments: bok dum; 
 
 — bok fiik tnk s. a stuffed cap. — kd bok 
 
 s. the muscular part of arm above elbow 
 ("heaped up"); — Idn bok s. strata of 
 rocks. 
 
 bok 2, a-bok s. a head of maize, when 
 grain is about to appear in it, before 
 td-ji-mik q. cfr. 
 
 (bok 3) pa-bok-la or pUk-bok-ld dirty, 
 faded brown as cloth when old, jaundiced 
 as countenance. 
 
 bok 4 (see also bak") s. the sound of 
 anything falling or striking the ground, 
 ton bok the sound of footsteps; bok-ld klo 
 to fall plump distinguished by the sound; 
 bok-ld ddk vb. to have falling sickness. 
 
 bon 1. s. the noise or motion of beating, 
 mon-ka bon bon bick the noise of thrashing. 
 
 bon 2 vb. n. to be saturated (with water, 
 spirit), to be drawn as tea, chi, c6 bon 
 non; ci b.-n.; to be impenetrably filled 
 (land with vegetation); met. to be filled 
 riim-sd a-som-niin boi'i to be f. with the 
 holy ghost; — (Jdo-ka) piim-byon boii (the 
 top of a hill) to be envelopped in clouds; 
 bon con good chi; — bo/i-fom-bo an extract, 
 an essence. — byon: pum-byon fr. bon 2? 
 
 bon 3, a-boii in Mscpts also bih), a-hdh 
 s. the mouth, the face, a-bon-ka da vb. 
 to lie at the mouth (as a cat); u-bdn tiin- 
 gar zuii giim-o there is a mouth about the 
 size of a large basket. P.; bo/l cum-ka nyi 
 vb. to have a saying on tip of tongue; 
 (a-) boil jdk vb. to kiss tiik-cuk; a-bon ji 
 vb. to laugh at; a-bon ju tet fydn vb. to 
 smile; a-boA j6l-ld fot vb. to open m. wide; 
 a-boii tot vb. to carry in m.; bon tydr (the 
 m.) to quiver in passion; a-boit tern vb. 
 to stuff m.; boil fop vb. to obtain sufficient 
 food for oue'self zom bon fop; a-bon iim 
 vb. to put the hand before the m. to re- 
 strain laught; a-boii ek vb. to make awry 
 face; a-bon, ok fydn vb. to laugh outright; 
 a-boii ti-mo (a-cum) ok vb. to open the 
 m. wide (a little); a-boii 61 vb. to wash 
 the m. — s peach a-bon-ka bii. vb. to re- 
 member, to know by heart a-bon. gun-nvm 
 dim vb. to speak from memory, a-bon-nun 
 nyot mat vb. to build castles in the air; 
 u-hoii ii am- III a be quiet; boii te vb. to 
 
262 
 
 bon— bot 
 
 bop— bol 
 
 chatter; hon-filt vb. to speak for another; 
 a-hon yak vb. to be timid in speaking, 
 a-h. yak-bam-bo modest, bashful; bon-li vIj. 
 to utter an expression, a-bon gyum-ld li 
 to speak with caution; a-boft kn-ta mat li 
 vb. to agree, a-bon hl6k vb. to abuse; a- 
 bon-sd tyu vb. to reprove; a-bon-sd dun 
 vb. to say, to mention; bon fyut vb. to 
 speak without consideration; council 
 bon dok to agree P. — • opening, hole, 
 as hole made by dibble; — sleeve of 
 cloth see td-go bon; beak nak-kd hu bon-ka 
 num-kun nyom dl dyek-bo katnyi and lo, in 
 her mouth was an olive leaf plucked off G. 
 point, edge; sharpness, bite, the point as of 
 a needle, sd-fydt bon the mark of flea-bite. 
 
 Comp. (a-) bon kdvi s. the upper jaw, 
 upper lip and jaw; '■ — (a-^bon kydn s. the 
 corner of mouth ; — (a-) ban krik s. the 
 lower jaw; — (a-)bon dul s. lower lip 
 and jaw; — a-boA a-gok empty professions. 
 — bon gyap-bo 1. 1. a garrulous fellow 
 2. a goat Tbr; — a-bon gram-bo ready of 
 speach; — a-bon nyok slow of sp.; a-bot'i 
 suk-jdk-ld mouth -pointed: bon-jdk s. a 
 kiss; a rat Tbr.; — bon-di explet. to bon- 
 yo q. v.; — bon-pdt a mouthful of solid; — 
 b. p. rel each mouthful; — boii fom chew- 
 ed food; — bon mdt s. mustache; — bon 
 ts'dp 1. speaking in the room of another 
 2. pleading, mediation, bon tsop mat (li) 
 vb. to speak in the room of another, to 
 plead for, to mediate, bon- tsop mat (K) 
 bo a pleader, an intercessor. ■ — bon-yo s. 
 a curse, malediction, imprecation, exe- 
 cration, denunciation, bon-yo bon-di id., 
 bon-yo mat vb. to curse, bon-yo-nwn zdk 
 vb. to be cursed, to suffer fiom curse; 
 bon-yo tsdk id.; bon-yo Idm mat li vb. to 
 advocate another's curse; bon-yo-nun lydt 
 to be freed from curse; — borl rdm a. 
 exaggeration, bon rdmydm-bo who exagger- 
 — hon hvp s. a mouthful of liquid. 
 
 bon 4, a-bon s. bar, jerbon a bar of gold. 
 
 boft jur see num-dak. 
 
 bon t'fii s. a bard, a priest, an exorciser. 
 
 boii bik s. a spec, of caterpillar. 
 
 bot (reaching the grovmA) pd-bot-ld flap. 
 
 plump down, pd-bot-ld klo vb. to fall with 
 a flap; — pHt-bot-ld springing on, leaping 
 on, p. b.-lu t'ydr to spring upon. 
 
 bop vb. to be dirty, muddy (water), to 
 be turbed, dull, as mind, impure, un bop 
 muddy water, man zo bop soup; — to be 
 castrated, to be gelt. — byop cans, of bop. 
 a-bop 1. adj. dirty (as water in the rains), 
 muddy (water), 2. soup, stew mdn-bop 
 q. cfr. — bop-bo 1. muddy, lurid 2. castrat- 
 ed, an eunuch, md-rd bop an eunuch, o?i 
 bqy a gelting, bop pap vb. to castrate. 
 
 bom 1. vb. n. to be covered over from 
 above, to be overcast, as sky or as mind, 
 to be surrounded from above, kt bom the 
 envelopping pod of cotton; — to sit 
 (applied to hen on eggs) to incubate Mk 
 bom. — a-bom s. 1. a coil of rope or as a 
 snake, 2. calyx of plants, flowers, 3. having 
 had chickens, hik-bom s. a matured fowl. 
 
 bom 2. pum-bom-la not full, as weight 
 or as jug etc., p. b.-ld cik vb. to give 
 short weight, p.-b.-ld blydn to be not 
 quite full. 
 
 bom, 3. pum-bom-la pink, light reddish 
 colour, ts'o ptik-bom-ld a pink colour. 
 
 bom-dun (fr. bo to give and -ddn uni- 
 tedly?) s. 1. concealment of sentiments; 
 also suppressed anger, 2. thoughtless, 
 bom-diin niin-bo 1 . one who conceals his 
 sentiments 2. a thoughtless person; bom- 
 diin-sd dyok mat vb. vb. to do work 
 thoughtlessly. 
 
 bor 1. vb. n. 1. to bloom, to blossom (as 
 flower), 2. to flourish, to prosper; bor-ndn 
 vb. 1. to blossom (flower) 2. to flourish, 
 to prosper, bor-ld mat vb. t. to render 
 prosperous; to beautify, to adorn, to or- 
 nament. — bor-ldt s. prosperity, success, 
 elevation, honor, glory, eminence; beauty. 
 — a-bor s. 1. a blossom, 2. the flower 
 on cloth, 3. the most beautiful maid niim- 
 lyen a-bor. — t'am-bor s. a flower. 
 
 bor 2. (see dek-bor) fate, destiny. 
 
 bor 3. (see pvn-ci bor) broken skin below 
 nail. — pd-bor-ld adv. swelled up, heaped 
 up,projecting, a-dulpd-b.-ld projectinglips. 
 
 bol (see bo 2) vb. n. to rise up, to 
 
bol hop bik— *b6n 
 
 bdii 2— bdfi 3 
 
 2fi3 
 
 sprout up, to emanate, im bol-ld tso to 
 bubble up (as boiling water); to roll and 
 boil up (as waves of the sea), to rise up 
 with force sun-mut rum bol s. a hurricane, 
 adjly. applied to earth when rich and 
 "good, productive, fit for sprouting fat-bol; 
 vb. met. a-ryum-nun a-ryum boHiom good 
 goodproceeds; bol-zon excessiye, sprouting, 
 outgrown, zo kun bol zon non a-pyon hlyop 
 non the stalk has outgrown its strength, 
 there is no corn in the ear. — bol-ld adv. 
 rising, effervescing etc. bol-la mat vb. to 
 render fruitful; — pd-bol-ld springing 
 upwards, pd-bol-ld ak non to be complet- 
 ely out (as tree by roots); a-bol s. a shoot 
 of cane. — hyol 1. vb. cans, of bol to hoe 
 to dig, to plough, to cultivate, fdt byol 
 to hoe the earth, f. b.-bo s. a cultivator, 
 farmer; a-liit-ka byol-ld mat cultivate the 
 mind; 2. improved, cultivated M-byol fine, 
 cultivated (improved) cotton. 
 
 bol hop bik see tun-b. h. b. 
 
 bd s. a covenant, stipulation, contract, 
 a bond, bo kyop vb. to make a covenant, 
 66 pi-lii/i fe-tsu kyop to write and attach 
 a seal to covenant; bo pi-lun-bo writing 
 an agreement. 
 
 bdk s. bamboo-thatch for roofing houses 
 made of split bamboo li bdk; bok Jcyiim 
 see Ihjiim; bok cap vb. to thatch with bok; 
 bdk sa vb. to split bok; bdk zii a torch 
 (made by lighting a bundle of bok also 
 mi-blik q. cfr.); bok to a matting made of 
 bok for partitions in houses or for the 
 floor. 
 
 bdk, a-bdk adj. white and black nearly 
 half of each (said of animals), 2. a young 
 male boar, 3. a young head of maize 
 mdn-bdk-tson. 
 
 bdk-t'dk s. n. of tree, Careya arborea; 
 Wtt. C. 563, S 1939. 
 
 *bdn 1. T. dban s. power, strength, 
 authority, domination, might, potency, 
 efficacy, endowment, virtue, ability; office, 
 employment, business, work, occupation; 
 go bon md-nyin-ne I have no power; I 
 have no employment; bon hlo vb. to ex- 
 ercise authority, to rule, to command; bon 
 
 hlo-Uin zuk nid-/cu-ne not to be able to 
 connnand; pd-no lyan-sd bon hlo-bo gum 
 the king is the ruler of the country; a- 
 vo-sd re a-yii-nun bon hlo md-Kvn-ne the 
 wife cannot exercise authority over hus- 
 band; bon cet-nim by means of the power) 
 thro' the instrumentality of bon cet bon 
 met with or without the power; inexor- 
 able, incumbent on, obligatory; boii met 
 1. without power helpless, incapable, 
 powerless, 2. inefficacious, ineffective; 
 imbecile, feeble; bon md-nyin-ne to be 
 without power, to have no control over; 
 bon md-lyek-ne vb. to be powerless, help- 
 less; unwitting, accidental; bon jdn-bo 1. 
 weak, powerless, 2. a fool, an idiot, 3. 
 a dumb person, 4. a false, counterfeit 
 article, bon-ci T. dba>'i-ce 1. great power, 
 authority. 2. tyranny, oppression, despot- 
 ism, see On ci tivi bo lyah md-mat-tun 
 boil ci-md-o do not trade in the country 
 of a great man, there will be oppression. 
 bon-ci mat vb. 1. to have great and ar- 
 bitrary power. 2. to tyrannize, to oppress; 
 boH-cen-mat vb. to exercise great power, 
 to rule with p; bon cem-bo or bon tim-bo 
 s. one high in office or having great 
 power. 
 
 bdn 2. puissant, strong, pungent, high- 
 flavoured; see also bo/l 2; — bon-l'dn s. 
 good spirit, chi; ci bon strong spirit; ci 
 bon-ban fdn having well extracted the 
 spirit (from the substance) he drank it. 
 CO boh lei the tea is well drawn; tso bon 
 colour to take effect, when the flavour 
 of spirit or tea etc. is well extracted, to 
 dye (not boh to be saturated with colour). 
 
 bdn 3. vb. n. 1. to be without power, 
 without strength, weak, feable, helpless, 
 exhausted, vasted, to be insolvent, miser- 
 able, ayeh boh a helpless infant; to be 
 dumb, speachless etc., a-nyor boh power- 
 less to hear, deaf, boh mh one able to 
 speak only a very little, b&h fyak 1. rough 
 head with dishevelled hear like unto an 
 idiot's, a fool's head 2. Tbr. i. q. kd-sdk 
 buk; boh muh s. n. of evil spirit, the 
 demon of dumbness and cretinism; boh 
 
264 
 
 bdii— (bdnl ta-b6n 
 
 bdn — b(Jm 
 
 zn/((-/io) adj. liko a dumb man, very 
 sileut; Oo/t ////• 16/ mu-ijd-ndm-bo or boii 
 sii bdn lyaii s. a simpleton; bdn nok s. an 
 utterwretched being, a person deaf and 
 dumb; — to be obscured, obfuscated, ray- 
 less, to be not good, injurious, not true, not 
 real, base, in comp. pseudo-; li/i bdn 
 falsehood; kom bdn spurious silver, false 
 coin; sun-sor kun-bon s. apseudocinnamon- 
 tree; to be weak, without pungency ci 
 bon-non the chi has become weak from 
 too much water. 
 
 bdn 4. often confused with ban q. v. 
 
 (bdn 5) tuk-bdn, tuh-bdh s. a stake, a pile, 
 a post, t.-b. la vb. to point stake t.-b. tsak 
 vb. to erect post, t.-b tek nyon vb. to ram 
 down stake, yet tvn-bon tun-kun mat vb. 
 to make the yet fish-trap. — tun-boh rik 
 s. a spec, of Clematis (?) M. 
 
 bdn expensive: nyo bdn a vast expanse 
 of still-standing water, in opp. to nyo bii 
 a vast expanse of flowing waters, see nyo 
 bii nyo bdn. 
 
 bdn-bik s. a species of beetle i. q. bdn 
 ddn bik, num-bdn. don bik. 
 
 bdt s. will, accord, mind, freewill td-do 
 bdt-tun thro' one's own accord; hi) -do 
 bdt- tun ndn he went of his own accord 
 kd-do-su bdt-tim mu-gyek-nd-ba. I was 
 born of my own accord; liu td-do bdt-tun 
 mak to die by one's own fault or careless- 
 ness or by suicide; bdt-tiin md-go-ne not 
 willingly, involuntarily, unintentionally 
 bdt-tiin md-bdt-tun willing or unwilling, 
 nolens volens, bdt-tun mak-sdn-sd iiyok a 
 suicidal act. 
 
 bdn 1. see bo (to give). 
 
 bdn 2, a-bdn hither, here, on this side, 
 o-bdn, pe bdn-ka on the side, there; un 
 bd7i a-pin on the other side of the river. 
 
 (bdn) ta-bdn s. shelter, protection bo- 
 mo-sd td-bdn-nvn md-rd-sd dyu to fight 
 with one under protection of father and 
 mother, to fight with a child, td-bdn tan 
 or tdn vb. to have protection, to have 
 assurance or strong protection, e. c. td- 
 bdn tdn-lun rd-rd-mum nan lei one having 
 strong piotection can oppress others; k/i- 
 
 ju niim-shn-nyo td-bdn-ka ndn the dog 
 when under protection of master is bold; 
 — to depend on, to trust, to rely on, 
 pd-no-niin mi-no-ka td-bdn tdn-liin tem-bo 
 mat the king governs relying on the 
 support of his subjects; td-bdn tsdk vb. to 
 place one's trust in strength of self or 
 others, to have assurance, to be bold; — 
 t. b. tsdk-bo s. 1. one who has assurance, 
 2. an auxiliary, a supporter; rum-ka td- 
 bdn tsdk to place one's trust in God, mak- 
 mi td-bdn tsdk-bo an auxiliary force. 
 
 bdn, bdn-na bdn-na dropping, dribbling 
 trickling out, gydn bdn-nd bdn-nd ijii 
 (saliva) to flow. 
 
 bdp 1. ace. Wtt. ^'bop" n. of a tree, 
 Wightia gigantea. 
 
 bdp "2 s. T. 'bag a mask, a disguise, 
 a-mlem-ka bdp tvk vb. to put on a mask; 
 a-lut-ka (sak-cin-ka) bdp da tiik to dis- 
 guise one's heart (one's sentiment). 
 
 bdp, 3 a-bdp adj. large as (belly), cor- 
 rugated with fat, very fat (said of the neck) 
 See buj}. 
 
 bdp 4. explet. to a-krit (kri'), a-krit bdp 
 q. V. 
 
 bdp 5. sound of beating two bamboos 
 together, nydt-sd po bdp a rattle to 
 frighten birds away from field. 
 
 bdm vb. t. to gather together, to collect, 
 to accumulate, to assemble together iu 
 one company, md-rd-sdn bdm lydt nydn 
 to dismiss the people in one company, 
 md-rd-sdn bdm-lun kuk vb. to call the 
 people together, zo bdm to collect grains 
 of rice together; — adv. together, collec- 
 tively, bdm-nid jam-md id. — bydm cans. 
 1. to add up, to sum up ndn-cd bydm-liin 
 with the purtenance thereof Ex.; some- 
 times used in s. of a sum (large) realized 
 bydm nyim-bo 1. s. a capitalist 2. adj. 
 affluent; bydm tsii s. addition, bydm-lvn 
 tsu vb. to sum up; — 2. to begin, to 
 commence, s. beginning, bydm dyit vb. to 
 begin, bydm dyit-ren ab initio, a-kup bydm 
 dyit to conceive child; to beget, to pro- 
 create, a-kiip bydm uyit-sd embryonic; 
 bydm dyit mat vb. to originate, bydm dyit 
 
tMJr— 'byan 
 
 byan— byil 
 
 265 
 
 mat-bo s. a progenitor; — bydm tsak vb. t. 
 to institiltft, to establish, U bydm tsak vb. 
 to mark out ground or commence ope- 
 rations fof building hotise, ■ — bydm tek 
 vb. id. nydt by6m tek vb. to mark out 
 ground for cultivation. — • rin byom-lun U 
 vb. to relate from the beginning. 
 
 bdr 1. a pine -apple b&)' pot, also the 
 ananas; bor kun Pandanus furcatus M. 
 Hooker ]. 143 Note, 300, Wtt. P. 21. 
 
 bdr 2. vb. to apply mechanical aid to 
 raise or effect an object, blin-sd bor vb. 
 to carry by means of poles, pu-hly6m-nun 
 bdr hryon or pun-ddp-nun b&r to rise by 
 means of a lever; bor tap vb. to apply 
 mechanical aid, to apply a screw, a 
 leverage, — bor-set s. mechanism, machi- 
 neiy, art, science. — fam-bor or tun-bor 
 s. apparatus, instrumentality, fam-bor-nun 
 zuk vb. to effect by mechanical power; 
 an indirect mode of speach, slang-language 
 also hint, innuendo, parable, simile, alle- 
 gory, innuendo c. c. a-mlem ryum-bo i. q. 
 su-hu etc; pdt-lyan-sd sd-tsuk kydrrdet 
 md tun-bor dr fyak-ld mat-td the sun of 
 Tibet is setting, interpret to me this 
 parable in allusion to the departure of 
 Padniasambhava P., tiin-bor rin s. slang- 
 langTiage or rather figurative language, 
 allegorical 1.; tiin-bor mat-lim li or fam- 
 bor-lun li vb. to speak parabolically; 
 fam-bor-lUn vydt vb. to ask paraboli- 
 cally; fam-bor tun-bor s. a hint, a simile; 
 fam-bor tun-bdr vydt vb. to ask paraboli- 
 cally. 
 
 b6l vb. n. to be bent down by force, 
 to hang over, bdl da to lie across, bent 
 over; vb. t. to suspend a ridge, to cross 
 the ridge of a mountain, bM bdl, tiik-pUn 
 bdl bit. to sling clothes over shoulder, on 
 plan dUm bdl to to put clothes on horse, 
 sUn-mHt-nun zo bdl ndn-so the grain will 
 be laid by the wind. — bydl cans. vb. to 
 wear clothes only over one shoulder as 
 a plaid, to suspend or cause to be sus- 
 pended diim bydl. 
 
 byat (also byet) see under bat. 
 
 byan see ben. 
 
 byan, td-bydn light, bad, without body 
 zo td-bydn seedless grain; a-bydn id. 
 
 byan see bin, bydn-nd bydn-nd successi- 
 vely, bydn-nd bydn-na ryak vb. to follow 
 after, to succeed one after another, see 
 sam bydn. 
 
 byap see byep. 
 
 byam bo kf ace. M. to have pustules on 
 tongue, see byum. 
 
 byar see hyer. 
 
 bySp adj. soft, as very ripe fruit, bydr- 
 rd bydr-rd no (to be) cooked soft or 
 thoroughly cooked (as rice). 
 
 bySr incorr. for bydr. 
 
 bya see tick-bya. 
 
 byap, ti/k-byap decomposed, stinking, 
 mdn iio tHk-byap, 
 
 byam cans, of bam q. v. 
 
 byf see bi. 
 
 byf, byf-n also bi vb. t. cfr. T. sbyin to 
 give, fut byi-so caus. byin-kdn, part, byin- 
 bo ace. M. Gr. 128, imp. byi, when govern- 
 ing the first and second p. bo (hon. T. 
 'boys{-pa') is used, ger. byin — to give, 
 to bestow, go-nun Mm byi ndn I gave it 
 to him; (/o md-byin-nd so I shall not give; 
 hu-min hum hu-do td-dyii. vyet b.-miim 
 a-yii-ka byi she gave him B. her hand- 
 maid to wife G. go hiim byin gat I wish 
 to give him; byin ma-Uun-ne cannot 
 give; — forms a trans, or caus. e. c. 
 tan byi vb. to shorten, tal byi to highten, 
 hH-yum tat byi entrust them; hUm Map 
 byi teach him; diin byi i. q. dim q. v. 
 etc. — byin-bo s. a giver. — byin lyan, 
 byin-set s. means of giving. — fam-byin 
 s. 1. a thing given 2. a diacritical mark 
 (L. alphabet): the signs of the vowels 
 combined with c, the final consonants 
 (tel-bo-sd fam-byin), the affixed y and r 
 (kyd and krd), the rdn M. Gr. 3 — 5. — 
 byit trans, f. of byi: a-byit explet. of 
 a-cdp q. V. 
 
 byin see fiin. 
 
 byft see 1. byi, cdp and 2. tuk-byit. 
 
 byil also bil and byel vb. t. to fold, as 
 clothes; to do anything twice byil-luh li 
 vb. to repeat one's words; — ■ a-byil s. 
 
 17* 
 
266 
 
 *byu— byek a-byek 
 
 byeii— byer, byar 
 
 one fold as in cloth, a-byil li \. s. the 
 crease or mark of a fold in cloth etc., 
 a-byil zuk vb. to double, to repeat, to do 
 anything again; a-byil pi vb. to write 
 over again. 2. a going and coming, a-byil- 
 ha non to go a trip, byil-lom id. 
 
 *byu T. 'bru s. grain of any sort, corn 
 etc. i. q. zo. 
 byu 2. cans, of bu. 
 
 byu 3. vb. n. to be bent downwards, 
 byu-ld mat nan to be bent downwards 
 (as corn when ripe). 
 
 byun, byun-nd byun-nd rushing at, pur- 
 suing, byun-nd byun-na mat vb. to make 
 rushing at. 
 
 byup vb. t. to bake in ashes, as potatoes, 
 to scorch in fire, buk byup:, md-ro mi byup 
 the person is burnt. — td-byup s. parched 
 grain (new) zo td-byup; incorr. for td-byum 
 see byum. — pd-byup-ld pale, sallow 
 complexioned a-mlem pd-byup-ld. 
 
 byum vb. n.' to come to heat (as a 
 pustule), to suppurate, fren byum ndn; — 
 td-byum s. a bubble, froth, foam, a-bon- 
 nii.n td-byum pld to foam at mouth; td-byum 
 tso hron to boil and bubble up; also in- 
 corr. td-byup see bdvi (and Zim?). 
 byur shld. be byor q. v. 
 bye vb. t. to fasten, to fix together, to 
 attach, to yoke together, to couple, pyin- 
 nvn bye to paste together; bik bye t'ik to 
 yoke cattle together; bye-hhi li to speak 
 at once, bye-lun don to be paired, united. 
 — bye-lu s. conjunction, combination, 
 annexion. 
 
 byek, a-byek s. interval of time or space, 
 advly. i. q. (a-^byek-ka between, among, 
 amongst, betwixt, o-re byek meanwhile, 
 sd-dyak kd-ti a-byek-ka within ten days; 
 a-byek-ka rin li vb. to mediate; hH mi 
 mon byek-ka dan-non he ran among the 
 crowd; hH-do sd ay. sd byek-ka sd-dyak 
 sam-sd l&m t'o-sdn ay.-ni/n l.-sd t'am-cdn 
 hldk-ts6m-bo-pdn rdn bam he set three 
 day's journey betwixt himself and J., and 
 J. fed the rest of L.'s flocks G. — byek 
 to vb. to interpose; — a-byek a-byek adv. 
 at intervals; — (a-)byek-bo s. the one 
 
 between, the interval, the interspace, the 
 intermediate one, a negociator; byek-bo 
 mat vb. to interfer, to intercede, to judge 
 between, a-yu non-ka byek-bo mat-so I 
 shall become the arbitrator among you; 
 dok niim-nii-sdn byek-ka byi tap to set 
 friends at loggerheads. — pHr-byek s. the 
 perineum, pHr-byek s6r vb. to be rubbed 
 between legs. See also kur-byek and byer. 
 
 byen (narrow) see bin. 
 
 byet, a-byet s. the liver, lUk-byet a 
 sheep's liver. 
 
 byen, a-byen s. crest of cock, the comb,- 
 hik byen the crest of cock; also a spec, 
 of Arum h. b. buk. 
 
 byen see ben. 
 
 byep vb. n. to be wracked, to be rotten, 
 to be corded as cotton ki byep; to be fer- 
 mented as ci: ci byep; — a-byep s. fer- 
 mented grain; — ^ pd-byep-ld rotten as 
 article, painful as body, full of pains, 
 pd-byep-ld U to feel wracking pain; pd- 
 byep-ld tsO, vb. to pound excessively. — 
 buppd byep-pd briskly, vivaciously, quickly, 
 off hand, biip-fd byep-pd zuk to do quick, 
 rin biip-pd byep-pd lin yd prompt in speach. 
 
 byem vb. to fold up neatly, hyen-ld to 
 vb. to set in order and lay by, to deposit 
 neatly. — a-byem winding as road lombyeni. 
 
 byer, byar (see also byek, a-byek) vb. n. 
 to be in justapposition, to be contiguous, 
 byer-liin da vb. to lie close together; byer- 
 tiin lorn vb. to walk abreast; — a-byer, 
 a-bydr a. the space between coutiguous 
 elevated matter, a groove, a fork, an 
 opening, a crevice e. c. kun byer s. a 
 fork, formed by the divarication of two 
 or more branches of tree; kd (Jom) byer 
 ton byer the space between the fingers 
 and toes, tHk-nom byer the dividing car- 
 tilage of nose, byei' kup Tbr. twins; piin 
 byer the flesh under nail; Idn byer-ka da 
 nyi it is lying in the interstice or be- 
 tween elevated projections of the rock; 
 I6m byer a road between elevations, a 
 gorge, a canon. — {a-)byer-ka adv. be- 
 tween, among. — pd-byer-ld concave, 
 hollow between elevations. 
 
byel— bydn 
 
 bydrt— bydr 
 
 267 
 
 byel see bydl {bal) and byil. 
 byok s. 1. 11. of a plant. 2. food for 
 cattle, byok mat vb. to graze. 
 
 by on 1. causj of 6o/i? fum-hyon, pun- 
 byoh, kum-byon s. cloud, pum-iyon md- 
 rydm da the clouds to be spread out; 
 pun-byon gryom tuk di the clouds to curl 
 upwards. 
 
 byon 2 (i. q. byoil 1?) s. balls made of 
 pounded and boiled rice, mixed with flour 
 and eaten: zo byon. 
 
 byop vb. t. cans, of bop q. v. 
 byom, pum-byom-la swollen, bloated a- 
 mlem p.-b.-ld. face. 
 
 byor vb. t. to knead, to mix, to com- 
 mingle, o-re-pdn li-wun-sd fdt-ka tyuk-lvn 
 dyuk-sd fdt byor un mik sap-bo-sd a-mik- 
 ka Ut-lun hum U when he had thus 
 spoken, he spat on the ground, and made 
 clay of the spittle, and he anointed the 
 eyes of the blind man with the clay T.; 
 man bi byor to mix meat and vegetables. 
 byol 1. cans, of bol q. v. 
 byol 2. vb. t. to pluck up, to pluck out 
 as corn by the roots byol-ld dot id. 
 
 byol 3. vb. n. to be suspended, hanging 
 down as a tail, byul-ld byol-ld adv. hanging 
 down, tuk-Um byul-ld byol-ld nan tail to 
 hang pendent. 
 
 byd 1. s. a small tent, byo fyen vb. to 
 pitch the pal or to stretch cloth over 
 the shape of a pal for shelter at night. 
 *byd 2. T. bya s. a fowl, dam byo T. 
 'dam bya litly. "a mud-fowl," a duck, 
 lu byo a fowl consecrated to lu. 
 
 bydk vb. t. to unite, to wed, to marry 
 (see bri 5) a-go a-nyi-nun byok to marry 
 for love; to join together as in friend- 
 ship; to agree, to combine together for 
 any purpose; — bydk bam-bo s. a neigh- 
 bour; byok fom-bo s. a benedict, one 
 united in marriage, byok lorn a. unity, 
 conjunction, combination, wedlock, mar- 
 riage, conglutination, bydk I6m fik united 
 together. — a-bydk s. union, q-byok a-len 
 tap ordaining union (said of Grod); a-byok 
 rin li vb. to bring about an union. 
 bydii 1, i. T. spyan (to be clever) 
 
 byon si ground easy to bring to cultivation. 
 — 2. a spec, of rice. 
 
 bydn 2. vb. to coax, to wheedle, byon- 
 nun s. coaxing. 
 
 bydn 3. s. a fold, a pen, a coop, a stall, 
 a shed for cattle, an enclosure J. see 
 ddn; luk-byon a sheep-fold ; hik-byon a fowl- 
 house; bik-byon a cow-house; un dd bydii 
 enclosed water, a pool. 
 
 bydt 1. see bo(sak-bydtYh. to be joyful). 
 bydt 2. vb. to rot, to putrify, to decay, 
 sd-byot n6n-ne, man bydt the flesh is 
 putrid, kur-don bydt the plantain is rotten. 
 bydn vb. n. to flow down out, to stream 
 down, to hang long down (as hair), bydn- 
 Id klo-ndn to hang suspended and fall 
 down; — bydn-nd bydn-nd hanging down 
 in strings or streams a-tsdm b.-nd b.-nd 
 bu; un b.-nd b.-nd yu. 
 
 bydp (see byep) vb. n. to be joined with, 
 complicated, united with, to be mingled, 
 mixed, admixed, intermixed, not simple, 
 not pure, jer sdn-sd bydp Q-ndn) the gold 
 is aifected by copper; ci-ka man bydp-ndn 
 the spirit (chi) tastes of flesh; suk-vydr- 
 ka bydp-ndn to be bespattered with mud ; 
 bri-nun (a-gyii) bydp (a race) thro' mar- 
 riage to become degenerated; — to break, 
 to burst (as a boil or blister) fren-byum 
 bydp-ndn the boil has burst; — vb. t. to 
 adulterate, to vitiate, to render impure, 
 to defile, uii sd ci sd bydp to mix water 
 and wine md-rd sd mat Idm bydp to cor- 
 rupt the morals of a person, md-rd-sd a- 
 bryan bydp to defame another. — pd-bydp- 
 Id or pur-bydp-ld adulterated with, con- 
 taminated with, pd-bydp-ld ndn to be 
 defiled with, to be vitiated. 
 bydm see bdm. 
 
 bydm 1. s. a spec, of flying squirrel, 
 Pteromys magniflcus (large spec), b. cum- 
 bo smaller spec. Pteromys caniceps M. 
 Wtt. P. 795. 
 
 bydm 2., pum-bydm-la puffed out as body, 
 see also byom. 
 
 bydr vb. n. to be covered with dirt; 
 to be flattened, to be pressed flat, to be 
 squeezed (as an insect) to be pressed or 
 
268 
 
 by<M— brdn 
 
 brap— bram 
 
 rubbed (applied to a blister or sore which 
 receives an accidental pressure or rub so 
 as increase the hurt, to be soft, flaccid; 
 to be soft and yielding (as ripe fruit or 
 yam when well boiled). 
 
 by(JI 1- vb. to stick in firmly, neither to 
 go further in nor come out, to be immo- 
 vable See brol. 
 
 bydl 2. caus. of bol. 
 
 bra, bri-m scattering, dividing (as roads, 
 or streams running in different directions) 
 deviating, diverging, divaricating, ramify- 
 ing, brd-ld noil or brd-zd-ld ndn to be 
 divided as streams etc.) to deviate, to 
 diverge, lom-sd un kyoii brd-ld ndn the 
 roads and rivers diverge; un brd-bo bye- 
 non deviating streams to unite together; 
 brd-md tsd-md dispersedly J. — brdm 
 scattered, dispersed, here and there, as 
 a flock of sheep etc., h'dm-brdni ndn to 
 be scattered, br.-ld ndn scattered, dis- 
 persed. — a-brdm, s. a single thread or 
 yarn. 
 
 bra 2. kvr-don bra a young head of 
 plantain. 
 
 brdk s. the sound of many feet when 
 running, or of falling small stones, brdk- 
 kd brdk-kd ddn the sound of many feet 
 ritnning as of goats etc.) See brap. — 
 Caus. brydk or bryek vb. to clap hands, 
 a-kd bryek bryek-ld grik the sound of 
 clapping hands, puk-bryek-ka bi/k to smack, 
 to clap. 
 
 brak for brdk q. v. 
 
 bririadj. very small (applied to children, 
 chickens etc.) brdn-nd hrdfi-hd, hik-kup 
 brdn-nd brdn-nd a very small chicken. 
 
 bran i. q. brdn. 
 
 brat s. cartilage, gristle brdt-td brdt-td 
 gristly. 
 
 brdn spread thinly (as sand etc.), finely, 
 rarified, expanded, subtilized, tenuous, 
 brdn-nd brdn dya to to spread out thinly 
 (as sand or grass). — pim-brdn-ld stretch- 
 ing out, laying out, extending, spreading, 
 thinly spread out as corn etc., pUn-brdn- 
 Id riydn scattered; ■piin-brdn-ld dya to vb. 
 to spread out on ground. — pun-brydn- 
 
 Id in numerous places or pieces, so^^fun- 
 brydn-ld kit the rain leaks in nutaerous 
 places. 
 
 brap incovr. for brop q. v. 
 
 breim see brd. 
 
 bral incorr. for brul. 
 
 bra adj. free, independent; open, un- 
 inclosed, uhconfined, unobstructed, un- 
 curled, in a state of nature, uncultivated, 
 uncivilized hra-sd md-rd uncivilized, an 
 independentman; bra-sdnydt s. uninclosed 
 field; bra-sd dyok s. independent, loose, 
 careless work; bra-ku bam vb. to live at 
 large or in an uncivilized state; bra-ka 
 li vb. to speak openly, publicly opp. to 
 n&n-ka li; sur-ka U-svm-bo re bra-ka dot 
 to publish that which aught to be spoken 
 alone in secret, bra-ka lydt oi/dt to live 
 at liberty (as wild animals); bra sdl-ld 
 lyomimd) in disorder negligently lying 
 about; bra-n-ih s, random, unconnected 
 language; bra-lyan s. open land, freeland, 
 land without an owner. 
 
 brak vb. n. to be spread thinly, un hvak- 
 wj'?the water is shallow; — to be shallow- 
 brak-kd brak-kd pat vb. to sow seed thinly; 
 brak-kd lo to spread (rice etc.) thinly on 
 mats to dry in the sun; brak-kd tak-kd 
 adv. in drops (of rain) drop by drop so 
 br-kd t.-kd yii. — a-hrak adj. shallow (as 
 water). 
 
 bran vb. n. to hang, thick (as fruit from 
 trees) a-pdt kuh-ka bran md the fruit 
 hang thickly; — bran-nd bran-nd hanging 
 thickly; a-tyul b.-nd b.-nd pot nan to 
 hang in thick clusters. 
 
 brat adj. fordable or crossing by bridge, 
 the same as prat q. at., brat-ld ndn vb. to 
 cross across water. 
 
 brap s. the sound of feet when running 
 (as horse galloping, man running), to be 
 rough, hence nid-i'd brap-bam the men 
 are quarrelling. — pd-brap-ld knotted, 
 gnarled. 
 
 bram 1. (see brd) 1. vb. n. to stray, to 
 go astray, to be bewildered, to be lost, 
 to be puzzled, as to the road, to deviate 
 bik bram-nen the cow has strayed, ge Idm 
 
(bram) — brf 
 
 brik — brfn 
 
 ■269 
 
 bram-ndn I have lost the way; Idm a-yan 
 u-nan-nitn bvam to stray from the path 
 of rectitude; sdm bram to loose one's 
 senses, to be bewildered; — 2. near, close, 
 (lying) in numbers, bram Idn bram da 
 stones to lie together; numerous, see 
 eok bramlyan. — a-bram adj. lost. — bryam 
 causal of bram to cause to stray, sak-cin 
 bryam to let thoughts wander. 
 
 (bram 2), tuk-bram or tuh-bram s. a jar, 
 a large bowl, ci t-b. a chi bowl,, zo t.-b. 
 a rice-bowl, ci ti/A-bram M-kfi zo iun-bram 
 kd-ku "wine and food for eight" implies 
 "to have a party", a jar (t. b.) of both 
 being placed before each guest. 
 
 bral s. the ridge between two furrows, 
 the ridge of furrows, lyan bral small 
 ridges in country, fat bral a ridge of 
 earth aa for potatoes; — vb. n. to be cut 
 up into ravines deeply; lyan-bral s. a 
 ravine, a place full of ravines. — a-bral 
 s. I. a ridge in division of range, 2. a 
 fuiTOw, 3. the spur-mountain or pit of 
 land; — td-bral rolling over as stone or 
 round wood when foot is placed on it, 
 td-bral mat Met to slip by placing foot 
 on stone etc. which rolls over. 
 
 bri 1 name of spec, of fish no bri. 
 ■ (bri 2,) bri bri onom. applied to a sharp 
 cutting pain, as from a beating with cane, 
 bri bri ddk. 
 
 bK 3. vb. n. to be early, as crops uot 
 fruits, zo bri yo early crops to be nearly 
 ripe; — s. the first early crops zo bri, zo 
 niim-bri early crops. 
 
 Deriv. ntim-bri early crops on the 
 ground in opp. a^4t early or first fruit 
 when gathered. — a-bri adj. new grown 
 this year. 
 
 brf 4. vb. 1. to twist (as cotton), to twine, 
 to plait; — a-brim adj. twisted as cotton 
 or thread. 
 
 brf 5. (fr. bri 4) vb. to unite in marriage, 
 chiefly applied to the marriage of women 
 opp. byok q. cfr. — s. marriage, matrimony 
 applied correctly to the marriage of 
 women only; bri-sd co kd s. m. -ceremonies, 
 brisdn tlie relations of bride and bride- 
 
 groom, who attend at marriage ; bri nyom 
 byi vb. to give in m. (bride). — bri fap 
 vb. to have m.; bri fik vb. to bind the 
 nuptial tie, to marry applied to men, bri 
 fik-re the nuptial tie; bri dun fik vb. to 
 be connected by m.; b?'i dun dek vb. to 
 break m.-connection, to divorce; bri fat 
 vb. 1. to dissolve m., to divorce, 2. to 
 commit adultery; bri mat vb. to marry; 
 h'i 8ok vb. to unite in marriage. 
 
 Comp. bri-cet s. espousal, betrothal, bri- 
 cet mat vb. to betroth. — bri tdm-bo s. a 
 marriage-feast. — bri to-ddt fak suitable 
 for a match being of the same rank, 
 bri to-ddt Idn id. — bri fuk-bo adj. mar- 
 riagable, arrived at years, suitable for 
 marriage, bri wd-bo id. — bri fdm-bo s. 
 adj. married, a married person, a spouse; 
 — bri dun tok families that have been 
 connected by marriage from many ge- 
 nerations; — bri nii s. affinity by m. ; 
 bri pa-zen s. marriage-agent's fee; bri far 
 s. (lak-myen) the price of wife; bri -bdn 
 s. the chief pei-sous at marriage, i. e. the 
 persons who give the bride in marriage, 
 the father and mother; bri zum s. or bri 
 zoii s. the marriage-company; bri 16m s. 
 1. marriage, 2. means for marrying. 
 
 brik adj. thickly studded with, dotted 
 with; brik-ld 16m tsok road too crowded 
 so as to be impossible to go, bik brik-ld 
 blydn ny6t bam nyi the grazing cows to 
 thickly stud the field. 
 
 brin adj. long and thin (long, thin 
 strings as formed by melted sealing wax; 
 trees etc.) brin-nd brin-nd hrya stretched 
 out into long thin strings; brin-nd brin- 
 nd hryd-bo hrya to stretch outvery long and 
 thin; a-so brin-nd brin-nd pld the sinew is 
 strained; — tUn-brin i. q. brin-nd brin-nd. 
 
 brft (see brut) vb. n. to have eruption 
 on body; — s. eruption, efflorescence on 
 body; — pHt-brit-ld 1. i. q. pd-brit-ld, pHt- 
 brii-ld pld vb. n. to have eruption come 
 out on body. 2. variegated. 
 
 brfn brin brin exhauated, prostrated 
 with fatigue hr. br. dyok mat vb. to work 
 to exhaustion. 
 
270 
 
 brfp— ^brul-bu 
 
 bre— bron 
 
 brfp see hrydp. 
 
 bril vb. to discern, s. discrimination; 
 discernment, perception bril-ld hah to 
 discern; b.-luii sem to discern and make 
 distinction. 
 
 brii sd-bru-ld adv. obliquely, aslant. 
 
 bru kun s. name of tree i. q. sin hu, 
 poisonous for fish; — brii nyin s. the 
 poison of the brii,; hru-ddn s. a creeper 
 with white flowers to poison fish; br. d. 
 dan-sd the b. of the valley (poisonous 
 flowers white), br. d. hlo-sd the hill brii 
 (not poisonous, flowers red); brii rik s. a 
 creeper with red flower with which they 
 poison fish, ace. Wtt. Milletia auriculata 
 M. 549. brii buk vb. to beat brii., to 
 bruise before putting it into the water 
 where the fish are. 
 
 bru: pum-bydn brii s. a fleeing cloud. 
 
 brun s. a rash on skin also applied to 
 erysipelas, briin lun to break out on body. 
 
 brut well cooked, briit-td briit-td mydn. 
 
 brup incorr. for brop. q. v. 
 
 brul i. q. bid matted together in sepa- 
 rate locks, (as hair), a-ts6m briil matted 
 hair, to be matted together. 
 
 brul-la brdl-la see under brol. 
 
 bruk explet. to jok (noise). 
 
 brun 1 s. species of grass, Saccharum 
 spontaneum. 
 
 brun 2, onom. brun-nd brun-nd yrik s. 
 the deep sound of drum, thunder, also 
 applied to the deep report of cannon. 
 
 brut vb. to have pustules, md-zH brut 
 pld pustules have broken out over my 
 body; — pd-brut ton s. pustular eruption, 
 excrescence on body, larger than pd-brit; 
 pd-brut-ld rough as hand from hard work 
 or anything; pd-bi'ut-ld pld eruption to 
 break out on body; 
 
 brup incorr. for brop. 
 
 (brum), td-brum s. imperfectly parched 
 grain (old) when all the grain has not 
 burst. 
 
 brul s. a species of Calamus, Calamus 
 inermis Wtt. C. 87., brul pd-tun s. a 
 walking stick made of brul. 
 
 brul-bii s. the family Julidae, genus 
 
 Myriopodae, viz. Julus terrestris, Julus 
 spirostreptes and Julus unilineatus see da- 
 bryo bu. 
 
 bre see lem-bre. 
 
 bre-je 5. s. confusion, disorder, childish 
 playish talk, bre-je t'o vb. to place things 
 in disorder; bre-je riii li vb. to speak 
 confusedly or playfully. 
 
 bren, nUm-bren s. the lower part of 
 the valley {dan) hence from the crops 
 being early ripe sometimes used in sense 
 of niim-bri. 
 
 bren rfp s. a plant, bren-go-wd Astilbe 
 rivularis. 
 
 bren, bren tHk-nom nd-nar-ld a cocked- 
 up nose. 
 
 brel vb. to cross a ridge of mountain. 
 
 bro vb. I to look after, to watch, to 
 ward, to take care of as sheep, cattle, 
 t'am-cdn bro to herd cattle, bik bro -bam 
 to look after cows, bik bro-bo s. a cow- 
 herd ; dyen bro-bo s. a nurse for children, 
 a guardian; dye-bro (i-bro) s. a guard 
 when milking a vicious cow, a contri- 
 vance for milking restive cow; — used 
 in sense of cattle hence herds (wealth) 
 p'yitk bro {-Id) mat-td-a may your wealth 
 increase, may happiness attend you; — 
 brom vb. to be crowded together, to be 
 congregated together as men, beasts, 
 brom-bam. 
 
 II. to swell, to increase, brom 2. to be 
 great tyak br&m a great man Tbr; br&m- 
 bo, brom-bo swollen puffed out. — a-brom 
 adj. full-grown, full-seize, s. large seize, 
 man a-br&m ham large-size game only; 
 niim-sim-nyo a-brom ham only grown-up 
 persons; a-t'yak brom a great man; — pd- 
 brom-ld or pUm-brdm-ld large, out of pro- 
 portion, large here and small there, dis- 
 proportioned, md-zH a-cum a-fyak a-tim 
 pUm-b.-ld uyum-ba. 
 
 brok vb. t. to place together (said of 
 bamboo sticks etc.) san brok to vb. to 
 place and tie firewood together, po brok 
 t'o to bundle bamboos together. 
 
 brort vb. n. to be numerous, in great 
 numbers, as men, cattle: bik bran herds 
 
brot— brdri 
 
 brdt-brdi 
 
 ■271. 
 
 of cattle, md-ro hroh bam (men) to be 
 in great numbers, Idk hron dydn vb. to 
 oast down stones in numbers-. 
 
 brot Tb. t. to compress, to press hard 
 together, applied to the body being press- 
 ed hard as in wrestling hik brot-ld dyep 
 sot to kill a fowl by pressing hard its 
 body; md-zu brot-td brot ddk said when 
 the whole body pains as if it had been 
 pressed hard, tuk-tok-ka brot to strangle. 
 
 brop 1. vb. n. to be rough (as an ele- 
 phants head) to be rough as a stony 
 road, rugged, harsh, grating, tyan-mo fyak 
 brop bam; I6m brop; Idn brop; met. a-nyum 
 brop a grating voice, see gryon-nd gryon- 
 nd. — hi-a-pd bro-pd adv. rough, uneven 
 (as a road). — a-brop adj. uneven (as a 
 rock etc.) s. wen, excrescence as on po- 
 tatoes, trees etc. 
 
 brop 2. vb. n. to shoot out in great 
 numbers, to sprout, kun h-op; adjly. 
 sprouting out, growing out, a-len brop the 
 sprouting of a germ of seed, buk brop- 
 bam the sprouting out of potatoes, a-fo 
 brop-bam-bo adj. having teeth growing 
 outwards; a-fo brop tyol (teeth) to grow 
 in a cluster; buk brop fyol-bam-bo potatoes 
 to shoot out many sprouts. 
 
 brom see bro. 
 
 bror vb. n. to be numerous (applied to 
 fish) no bror bam or bror-rd bror-rd nyi. 
 
 brdk, 1. pa-brdk-la roughly, pd-brydk-ld 
 fydr to raddle roughly. 
 
 brdk 2. vb. n. 1. to break up, to depart 
 as assembly, crowd; — vb. t. to disperse 
 (as an assembly) mi mon-bo brok-non the 
 crowd has dispersed. — 2. to shoot out 
 iuto branches horizontally. — tuk-brok s. 
 the claws, toes of tiger, leopard etc. (not 
 cat, bear) the fruit of yam, the fruit-seed 
 of potatoes, a potatoe-apple. 
 
 brdn 1. i. q. bron. 
 
 brdn 2. I. vb. n. to be congregated to- 
 gether, to be numerous, to be crow^ded, 
 md-ro bron a congregation; bron-ld dam vb. 
 to tie up in quantities, bundles. — a-bron 
 adj. thick, in clusters as trees, numerous; 
 hd-ju-kiip a-brd/i s. a littor of puppies. 
 
 II. bron s. 1. spec, of bamboo (liabitat: 
 valley near water, 2. bron kun ace. Wtt. 
 D. 834 Drimycarpus racemosus. 
 
 III. brdn, reduplic. pun-bron-ld adv. too 
 large to go in; 
 
 bryd/i caus. fr. bron, in s. of to be big- 
 bellied, to be with child a-kvp brydn ndn; 
 — pun-brydn-ld (written also pun-brydn- 
 Id large-bellied, as pregnant woman. 
 
 brdt vb. n. 1. to be wide, separate, pd- 
 brdt-ld- or piit-brdt-ld wide, separate as 
 intestines of basket work; here and there, 
 apart; tUn-grydn mik pd-brdt-ld fydr the 
 basket work to be wide-raddled; pd-brdt- 
 ld fya/'i to plant apart, here and there. 
 
 2. to be middling, moderate, indifferent; 
 brutal, churlish, -cruel, malignant /z brdt 
 malicious; a-mo a-bo-ka brdt to be chur- 
 lish towards parents; hic-nvn md-rd ddk 
 mak det U md-do-ne hrdt-lun ndn when he 
 saw a person dying he passed quite in- 
 different; — pd-brdt-ld or put-brdt Id mo- 
 derate, middling, pd-brdt-ld si vb. to see 
 not perfectly; pd-brdt-ld yd vb. to know 
 moderately, pd-brdt-ld mydn adj. halfripe. 
 
 brdm 1. see bro. 
 
 brdm 2. vb. n. to fall down, applied 
 only to men or beasts, to trip and fall, 
 to tumble down. — a-brdm (cfr. brdm 1 
 fr. bro) a falling fruit when large and 
 ripe, fam-pdt a-brdm. — Caus. brydm to 
 cause to fall, dyen-nd md-brydm-niin do 
 not let the baby fall, on md-brydm-nvn 
 do not let the horse fall; kd-sii dyan-ka 
 kun brdl-bo-sd lyan-ka kd-svm brydm by 
 sticking wood between my legs he caused 
 me to fall. 
 
 brdr adj. rugged, sd-gdr brdr a rugged 
 precipice. 
 
 brdi vb. 1. to go or place across, to 
 cross a ridge opp. blu ryak q. v., (see brel, 
 prol, roV) to stop up, to place obstacles in 
 way; to place across anything, to form 
 an obstacle, to barricade, to bar; Idm 
 brdl; vyen-ka brdl t'o; — brdl-ld adv. trans- 
 versely. — tuk-brdl SiA]. 1. across, straddle- 
 wise, 2. obstructing, ti"'k-brdl hryol-nan 
 vb. to sit in a straddling position, with 
 
272 
 
 br6l — bryan 
 
 bryan— bryet 
 
 feet out and knees upwards; tuk-hrol rail 
 vb. to spread out legs, tHk-brol ran an- 
 bam vb. to sit with outstretched legs, 
 warming one's self; kun tuk-brol a tree 
 with roots or trunk straddling outwards! 
 on brol vb. to stride horse, on brol de a 
 child's straddle-horse. — briil-ld brol-ld 
 numerously intermeeting, interwoven as 
 trees, yams etc., kun brul-ld brol-ld nan 
 trees which branches interwoven together. 
 
 brol 2. (see also byoV) vb. t. to stick 
 into, as stick or foot into hole, to insert, 
 a-dyan an-ka brol to get foot into hole, 
 aii-ka Idn brol-lun sap (to) fill up (this) 
 hole by sticking stones into it, tiin-hdn 
 brol to stop up hole. 
 
 bryaksee brdk; bryd/iseebryonundevbrdn. 
 
 brydt vb. to separate, to part; to break 
 up (assembly), to depart, to leave, lyan- 
 nun brydt-non to depart from a country. — 
 a-brydt s. separation, a-brydt mat vb. to 
 separate. 
 
 bryiin vb. n. to be ragged, tattered, diim 
 (Jdop) brydn-nd brydn-nd dydm {-bam) to 
 wear old ragged clothes that have been 
 patched up. 
 
 bry^n, pun-bryan see brdn. 
 
 bryap s. cotton in its uncleansed state 
 having still seeds and pods adhering, ki 
 brydp. 
 
 brya vb. to crush, to trample on, bra-Id 
 kryok vb. to crush, as with foot; bra-Id 
 bvk vb. to crush, as with anything heavy; 
 brya fat crushed; — pd-brya-ld flat, even, 
 pressed. 
 
 bryak (see bi-dk) onom. the sound of 
 anything falling into mud bryak-ld grik. 
 
 bryan, a-bryan s. a name, a title T. min; 
 mi mdn bryan s. an acquired name, a- 
 gyek bryan s. a name given at birth, a- 
 bryan jd-nd tyo a name bad by report, 
 a-bryan nyim-bo adj. famous, a-bryan md- 
 nyin-nvm-bo adj. infamous, nameless, a- 
 bryan sut-nyim-bo or a-bryan fyo7n-bo adj. 
 famous; a-bryan lyok (bryan a-lydk)-bun- 
 bo adj. having the same name, a name- 
 sake; — bryan lyok s. a nick-name; — 
 
 a-bryan ki/ vb. to invoke; a-bryan gydt 
 
 bo vb. to calumniate; a bryan tydt vb. to 
 crease a name; a-bryan tim I'dn vb. to 
 magnify; a-bryan tik vb. to call, to give 
 a name, md-rd gUn-nd td-se-fin-miim rnn- 
 jil-mun on yo a-bryan Mk-yam-o they 
 called P. Rung-jil-mun-6n (T. bDud-5or- 
 ba gzon-nu) P. a-bryan fop vb. to obtain 
 a name or title; a-bryan dun lik, a-bryan 
 dUn-liid lik vb. to call by name; a-brydn 
 dot vb. to celebrate; a-iryan po vb. to 
 give a second name, a-bryan po-lun (ik 
 vb. vb. to change a name; a-bryan fat 
 vb. to lose name; a-bryafi frd lik to call 
 on nick-name; a-bryan mat: rv.m-%d a- 
 bryan mat vb. to give God the glory; a- 
 bryan-ld zuk, a-bryan-la m.d-nyin-ne zuk 
 vb. to defame; a-bryan lik vb. to invoke; 
 a-bryan-sd tyii vb. to reprove; a-bryan sdt 
 vb. to strike off a name; a-bryan a-fo- 
 Id mat vb. to exalt. 
 
 bryan s. a bat. 
 
 bryam see bram. 
 
 bryu (see bron) adj. large (applied to 
 stomach); — pd-bryu-ld pot-bellied, big- 
 bellied (td-bdk pd-bryu-ld') as witli child 
 or otherwise: td-gryu pd-bryu-ld puffed 
 out full cheeks. 
 
 bryuk adj. stout, applied to body, md- 
 zu pd-bryuk-ld or piik-bryuk-id. 
 
 bryek see brdk. 
 
 bryek or brydk vb. t. to twist cotton, ki 
 bryek-je, ki bryok-je vb. id. 
 
 bryen (see bru) imn-bi'yeA-ld i. q. pUn- 
 bryon-ld see bron III. 
 
 bryet 1. vb. t. to close up, to stop up, 
 to fasten ; — advly. closely, exactly; bryet- 
 Id dap vb. to cover closely; bryet-ld nun 
 vb. to be, to become stopped up; bryei^ 
 Id Mop vb. to close thoroughly; bryet-ld 
 h) to cork up as bottle or any hole ; vye/i 
 bryet-ld hap vb. to shut door closely; 16m 
 bryet-ld cet vb. to close up road; ritl 
 bryet-ld li vb. to speak exactly. 
 
 bryet 2, put-bryet-la (see si\Bobrydn, bryon) 
 reduced to pieces, pHt-bryet-ld mydn-ndn 
 cooked to rags, md-zii, pHt-bryet-ld li vb. 
 to feel pains all over body (as if body 
 was reduced to pieces). 
 
bryen— blan 
 
 blan— blin 
 
 273 
 
 bryen adj. shallow, un bryen shallow 
 water. 
 
 bryep see hryap. 
 
 bryel i. q. hral q. t. 
 
 bryok old, to be old, li hryok an old 
 house. 
 
 bryon 1. adj. ragged; wounded etc. dum 
 bryon ragged clothes, md-zii bryon-nd 
 bryon-nd du-si-ndn to be covered with 
 wounds. 
 
 bryon 2. vb. to follow after in numbers 
 as chickens after hen. 
 
 bryom vb. t. to place up, to bundle up, 
 ju bryom to vb. to place up thorns as round 
 a field, mi bryom kat a bundle of wood 
 as much only as is put on the fire at one 
 time. — a-bryom as much wood (or Indian 
 corn etc.) as is put on the fire at one time. 
 
 brydk 1. (see bryek) adj. double, joined 
 together as gun-barrels, double as cloth, 
 sd-dydr-mi bryok s. a double-barreled gun, 
 dum bryok dyam vb. to fold cloth double. 
 — a-bry6k twisted as two or three threads 
 together, double (as cloth, the barrel of 
 gun etc.). 
 
 brydk 2. (see also biyak) applied to 
 water falling in torrents, un bryok-kd 
 bryok-kd glo the water falls in torrents, 
 so b.-kd b.-kd yu the rain falls in torrents. 
 
 bry6n see brdn III. 
 
 brydn vb. to be bent down, to be very- 
 heavy, to fly with a swoop downwards as 
 a kite when seizing prey pun-fyoii bryon- 
 nd Idm-ban hik tyer bu-non the kite having 
 flown downwards with a swoop seized 
 the fowl, brydn-nd 16m to walk as when 
 one is heavy burdened; — a-mik brydn- 
 Id heavy eyed; — pun-bryon-ld (see bryon 
 under brdn III large as crop, wen, belly etc. 
 
 brydm see brom. 
 
 bla vb. t. to put in and out (as tongue) 
 a-U bid, to rub in (poison) nyin bid; obsc. 
 td-dyu bid bid mat vb. feminam subigere. 
 
 blan 1. vb. n. to grow strong and vi- 
 gorous, kun bldn hron the tree sprouts up 
 vigorously. 
 
 blan 2. adj. gay, light-hearted, bldn bam- 
 bo s. a gay person. 
 
 blan 3, a-bian explet. to mlo, bldn gyu 
 adjective, bldn jak article, bldn lam pro- 
 noun, bldn hy&p preposition, postposition 
 M. Gr. 
 
 blat 1. s. cracking of joints, bldt-ldgrik 
 s. the sound of cracking joints. See blat. 
 
 blat 2. ignorantly, foolishly, bldt-td bldt- 
 td mat vb. to do work foolishly. 
 
 blap s. imperfection in speach, stammer, 
 stutter, bldp-pd bldp-pd li vb. to stammer, 
 stutter, a-li blap id. 
 
 bla 1. [cfr. T. bla] adj. steep (as a hill), 
 lyan bla a steep place. 
 
 bla 2. see under blii. 
 
 blak vb. to flutter about (as fowl, when 
 dying), to flounder about (as fish on 
 ground), to toss about (as sick or drunken 
 man). 
 
 blah vb. to overset tumbling over, blan- 
 Id tyel vb. to fall down, to tumble over. 
 
 blat 1. (cfr. bldi) blat-ld gal vb. to 
 break by pressing one hand outwards and 
 the other inwards. 
 
 blat 2, tuk-blat see under blii. 
 
 blam, 1. a-blam adj. round, full-bodied 
 and good, po blam bamboo when not 
 split, wrought as gold or silver, jer blam 
 wrought gold, dum blam fine, new dress. 
 
 blam 2, pun-blam knocking down piin- 
 blam tet lyup vb. to beat a person until 
 he falls. 
 
 bif 1. s. a piece of wood, used in making 
 cloth for pressing the woof, a shuttle 
 nyol bit. 
 
 bif 2, cok bit s. an oblong grave. 
 
 bifk 1. adj. long and thin (said of man, 
 tree, stick etc.) md-ro blik a tall and thin 
 man; s. split bamboo, blik mi-ka jdl vb. 
 to dry split bamboo over the fire. 
 
 bIfk 2. kum-blik (see fUk, sd-flik-la) apart, 
 aside, kum-blik to vb. to place apart i. q. 
 sd-flik fo; hence: to ease nature by stool 
 or urine Tbr., kum-blik nam vb. to feel 
 desire to ease nature; kiim-blik tsUp vb. 
 to have suppression of urine or stool. 
 
 blih s. a species of bamboo, Bamboosa 
 balcooa Wtt. B. 129, used as a stick 
 across shoulder by which means a load 
 
 18 
 
274 
 
 blin— blup 
 
 blen— biyak 
 
 at each end is carried Hind, bahangi, 
 blin-sa bor to carry blin. 
 
 blin Tb. n. to be after time (as of any 
 agreement), to be behind hand, to be 
 late (as in work or in duty or in plea- 
 sure), — blin-ld adv. too late. 
 
 bill 1. s. the ridge of mountains, blii 
 td-ram a shed on ridge of hills; piin- 
 (ydn blii bol-ld Idm non the kite has flown 
 over the ridge; md-rd blii, bol-ld ddH-ndn 
 the man has crossed the ridge. 
 
 blu 2, blu-m blu-t (see bla) to be un- 
 staid, weak, worthless etc.) blU-bla-ld 
 zuk vb. to do work unsteadily. — blum 
 adj. weak, md-rd blUm a weak man; 
 — blUrn blUrn hiiim hlUm dyok zuk vb. to 
 do work like a weak man; — blUt un- 
 skilful (see bldi) blUt-td bliit-td bu non to 
 take unskilfully; blUt-td bliit-td ay ok mat 
 Tb. to do work unskilfully; — tuk-blUt 
 s. play, sport of children, pastime, game, 
 tHk-biat mat vb, to play, titk-blUt lyan s. 
 play-ground; — written tHk-blat or tHk- 
 bldt in s. of conceit, vanity, t.-bl. mat 
 vb. to be vain, to be too fine to work; 
 t.-bl. (mat-^bo s. a person of that de- 
 scription; — tak-blot a-can kUk md-yd-ne 
 too fine to work lit. too fine to bend one's 
 back; t&k-blot-td i. q. tHk-blat, tHk-blot- 
 td-sd md-rd a vain worthless fellow. 
 
 (blyo cans fr. blii) tick-blyo adj. idle, 
 thoughtless, dissolute. 
 
 blut vb. n. to, be carried along by the 
 cuiTent of stream. 
 
 bluk s. a path of animals thro' jungle 
 blick bluk lorn. 
 
 blu 1, pa-biu-bo s. adj. rising ground, 
 hilly. See blU. 
 
 blu 2 vb- to speak indirectly, to in- 
 sinuate^ blurliin U vb. to speak indirectly, 
 insinuating. 
 
 bluk said of smoke rising in clouds 
 mi bluk-kd bluk-kd kan. 
 
 blufi s. name of 9th month, Id-vo blun, 
 blun-nydm. 
 
 blup s. a horn when quite small and 
 young just outsprouting of head, a-r6n 
 blup a young horn. 
 
 bleii vb. to be in fine threads, a-ts6m 
 blen a single hair. 
 
 bio see tHk-blo, lUk-bla. 
 
 blok (see bbn) s. the bubbling of boil- 
 ing water, blok grik or tso s. the sound 
 of boiling water. 
 
 blon vb. to come in puffs (said of smoke 
 or steam), to come in whiffs (said of 
 smell), to come in flights (said of clouds), 
 to be rooted up (said of a plant or of 
 anything, that is rooted up by the foot, 
 when walking along as on uneven ground; 
 fam-len blon-fat the sprout is rooted up 
 (by being trodden on); blon-ld kHm-byon 
 s. a flight of clouds; blon-ld now, s. a 
 whiff of bad scent; blon-ld a-sHm s. puff 
 of steam; — pUn-bloU or pun-blori adj. 
 damp, moist, applied to food etc., (steam) 
 coming in puffs. 
 
 blot, un-blot s. an intermittent spring. 
 
 bidk 1. vb. n. to be split twice, that 
 is into few or coarser splints than blik; 
 
 — 2. vb. t. to split or divide the outer 
 and inner part of bamboo pd-li blok. 
 
 a-bldk s. cane split coarsely, no a-bl6k 
 s. a large flat fish. 
 
 bidt 1. s. sufficiency, (generally used 
 with fak) zo md-tak md-bUt-ne or zo md- 
 bldt-ne or zo md-fak-ne there is no suffi- 
 cient rice. 
 
 bldt 2 see Mat, tuk-blat, bldt see under 
 blu. 
 
 bidm, a-bldm s. the stalk of corn before 
 formation of ear. 
 
 bIyak and biydk 1. adj. unsubstantial!, 
 incorporeal, immaterial, blyok dyiim zdri- 
 bo an immaterial substance or being, 
 a-pil blydk giim the shade (of man or 
 beast) is incorporeal; 2. i. q. a-pil s. a 
 ghost, a phantom cfr. Burmese lei-pya; 
 
 — a-blydk adj. immaterial, s. an im- 
 material substance; — tUm-blydk or fam- 
 blydk, tUm-blyok or fam-blydk s. a 
 butterfiy; tUm-blydk ddn s. a large species 
 of b., tson-mit fam-blydk s. a butterfly, 
 black (like a Yakthumba woman), pd-cim. 
 
 bIyak 2: so blydk a. a torrent. 
 bIyak 3: Id-blydk-ld fiat. 
 
biyak-mo— biydt 
 
 ma — ma 
 
 275 
 
 biyak-mo s. a fowl Tbr. 
 
 biyan (caus. of bldnf) Mycin \h. to di- 
 vulge, to make known, rin blyan vb. to 
 divulge any news. 
 
 biyari or biydn vb. to be crooked or 
 bent; — a-blyon s. flat side of the ban, 
 ban blyon 1. a crooked knife 2. the side 
 of knife; 2. i. q. td-blyon or tiik-blydn s. 
 flat side of anything, esply. of mountain, 
 td-blyon kon s. the side, the flat side; 
 hlo td-blydn the s. of mountain; td-blyon 
 kdn bii di to bring flatwise. 
 
 blyan (see blydnf) vb. n. to be full, to 
 abound, to be abundant, lyan mi kan nan 
 tet num-lyen blydn bam prov. said when 
 an offer of marriage is rejected, meaning: 
 there are plenty of other maidens to be 
 had. — vb. t. to fill un-ka ydt non-bdn 
 hu-do za-din rem blydn-lun lot hron she 
 went down to the well, and filled her 
 pitcher, and came up. G. — a-blydn adj. 
 full, a-bydn Idk vb. t. to fill. 
 
 biya vb. t. to daub with, to smear with, 
 fdt-ka blya to daub with earth; mor blya 
 to smear with ghi, nok tso blyd-non to be 
 blotted with ink. 
 
 biyo, tuk-blyo see under bU. 
 
 biyot, pa-blyot-la insipid as food, tasteless 
 vom md-fap-ne pd-blyot-ld cfiim there is 
 no salt (in the food) it is insipid. 
 
 biyd, pa-blyd-la long, applied to face, 
 a-mlem pd-blyo-ld. 
 
 biydk, tam-blydk see blydk. 
 
 blydn see blydn. 
 
 (blydn), ta-blydn s. a small purse or pocket, 
 pouch dyon td-blyon pouch in cheek as 
 monkey's. 
 
 biydt, a-blydt s. full length, the whole, 
 blyot-td or pd-blyot-td da to lie at full 
 length, blyot-ld lyot vb. t. to lay out at 
 full length. 
 
 M 
 
 ma the seventeenth letter of the L. 
 alphabet T. 5|, English m. 
 
 -m I. verbal increment, forms adjectiva 
 fr. verbal roots (in opp. to -t, -n) e. c. 
 a-ryu-m good fr. ryu to be good, a-kri- 
 m bitter fr. kri to be bitter, a-hru-m hot 
 fr. hru to be hot (a-hru-n s. heat). — 
 forms a verbal-substantive (gerund) fyom, 
 fr. fyo, z6m fr. zo, yam fr. yd, sim fr. si 
 etc. — some roots ending in a vowel (e. 
 c. si to see, zu to live etc.) are amplified 
 by the increment -m, when succeeded 
 by -kdn or by Ku e. c. sim Kil to be able 
 to see, zum-kon let him live. — increment 
 of roots ending in a vowel in comp. yam- 
 bo fr. yd to know; num-sim-nyo man fr. 
 si to be; — II. postp. forms the object, 
 c. of pronominal roots, e. c. hu-m fr. Am; 
 a-do-m fr. a-do, kd-sH-m fr. kd-sH; mu-m 
 
 fr. mu etc. cfr. Brandreth JAS. N. S. 1878 
 10 (16) cone. Daphla, Miri, Abor: "a 
 characteristic of this class is that the ace. 
 (and gen.) relation of a noun are ex- 
 pressed by suffixing a single c. without 
 a vowel as in Daphla nom thee fr. no 
 thou, oum house (ace.) fr. ou house. 
 
 ma- 1. pref. forming nouns (nomina 
 propria of birds and plants, see also 
 muk-, miin-, miit-, miir-; md-nyam for 
 muk-nyam; md-kun (md-la) see miin-kwn 
 (niun-la); — 2. reduplication of mar, mi, 
 miir, mid, see under the roots; — 3. in 
 comp. i. q. mo mother, md-ndn i. q. mo- 
 nan an elderly female. 
 
 ma proceeding words and followed by 
 -ne forms negative, as si to see, md-sin- 
 ne not to see, and by the -nd when 
 followed by any verbal affix (except yam-o) 
 
276 
 
 ma 
 
 -ma — ma-nun mun 
 
 as go md-sin-nd gdn if I do not see; zo 
 (dn-sd nd . md-nyin-ne-yam-o they never 
 receive food or water P. ; md-ts&m-nd all, 
 without exception; md-nydn-nd possibly, 
 perhaps, go md-nydn-nd non-so; md-cuk- 
 nd or md-suk-nd i. q. a-pldn-ka besides 
 moreover, in addition to; md — nd gdn 
 except, kd-cer mon fat-ka glo-lun md-mak- 
 nd gdn kd-ta zon bam un mak gdn a-pot 
 a-gyap pot except a corn of wheat fall 
 into the ground and die, it abideth alone: 
 but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit 
 J. — md-ga-nd gdn or else, kd-sum a-kup- 
 sdn bo-o md-ga-nd gdn go mak-so give me 
 children or else I die G. — md — nd pa-ka 
 i. q. tet till, a-re md-kldn-nd pa-ka to-mo 
 bo gdn wilt thou give me a pledge, till 
 thou send it G. — md — nd ba, han^-nun) 
 before, su go yo gdn fam sd-re a-do-ka 
 nyi-wun-re go md-fin-nd-ba han-niin kam 
 zon gum, for it was little which thou 
 hadst before I came G. — when followed 
 by the verbal affix -un (forming the par- 
 ticiple) the -nd is united, as m,d-mak-nun- 
 sd tor lyan md-nyin-ne there is no escape 
 from death P. — md when followed by 
 -nun (nd-un) it forms the negative im- 
 perative as md-non-nun do not go; (nun 
 contr. to n: md ydn do not know) — md is 
 followed by -num-bo when used substan- 
 tively as md-jon-num-bo anunpracticalper- 
 son ; — md — md — nun or md — {nyin)-nwm- 
 bo expresses the English prefixes im-, in-, 
 un-and the affix-less, sak-cin md-nyin-num- 
 bo adj. thoughtless; a-bo md-nyin-num^bo 
 fatherless; gron md-nyin-num-bo hopeless; 
 gyum md-nyin-num-bo incautious, Kdt md- 
 nyin-num-bo, inefficient, cet m.-ny.-n.-bo 
 powerless, impotent, md-gomd-ga-nun adj. 
 incorrect, md-go md-ga-nun-sd nn (ayolc) 
 incorrect language (work) ; — md — c. nilm-o 
 negat. fut. e. c. md-non-num-o shall not 
 go ; — md also used as a negative, with- 
 out the succeeding nd; e. c. md yd (for 
 md-yd-ne I know not) advly. perhaps, it 
 may be; with many substantives and ad- 
 jectives (cfr. T. ma rig-pa etc.) md Mo 
 lit. unlawful, unspeakable: incest, md lio 
 
 num-bo a committer of incest; incestuous, 
 ma ndn a half-idiotic sort of person, a 
 simpleton or a foolish helpless person, a 
 fool; — md affixed to one verb after 
 previous (posit.) verb, ti md U ka little 
 and great, nyi md nyi ka every, mak md 
 mak dying or not dying i. q. mak nd mak, 
 li md li md-nyin-ne it is of no use speaking 
 or not speaking. — See also ma, ma-ne, 
 man-ne and Burmese ma. 
 
 -mapostpos. forms pros, and praeteritum 
 of verbs M. Gr. 51, 127 also md-o or 
 yam^-md-^o q. v., go pi md I am writing, 
 I wrote it, go pi md-o id.; — md ydn a 
 verbal affix which affixed forms a parti- 
 ciple substantive, as zuk to make, zuk 
 md ydn the making. — 2. (cfr. ma in col. 
 Tibetan used as an interrogative) -md da 
 expresses the same as the verbal affix 
 -pa it gives emphasis to the sentence, 
 also expresses surprise pat rih yd md da 
 what (he) really knows the Tibetan lan- 
 guage. 
 
 ma 1 . s. the dung of dogs, li bo-ka kd- 
 ju-nun md mat the dog has made dung 
 in the room. 
 
 ma 2., mei, md-t vb. to pray to God, md 
 ku id., rUm-ka md-md-bam-bo or rOm-ka 
 md-ydm-bo s. a pious person, a devotee; 
 in book language used for lik to call, 
 formerly md appears to have been com- 
 monly used in the sense of "to call", but 
 has now grown obsolete, it is however 
 still used (md, md-rn) "to call animals" 
 as kd-ju md-d call the dog, bik md call 
 the cow; tam-cdn m,dm yd to know how 
 to call animals. 
 
 ma-tum-fo s. spec, of rose-grossbeak, 
 fd-nyen fo. 
 
 ma td in accordance with krut md to dok. 
 
 ma-fum fo s. spotted-winged grossbeak, 
 Mycerobas melanoxanthus. M. Je 2,386. 
 
 ma-fdk or mH-fdk see md-ritm. 
 
 ma-fyum i. q. nyi (yum. 
 
 ma-nuii kah-zdk s. a plant, Didymocarpus 
 artisifolius. M. 
 
 ma-nun mun or ma-nuii mft s. the goddess 
 of woods and forests. 
 
ma ndm cu — tna-zu 
 
 ma-z6m mun— ma-ri 
 
 277 
 
 ma ndm cu s. [md mother, nom elder 
 sister "the elder sister" of "Tendong" 
 {tun-rony] n. pr. of a mountain, anglice 
 Mainom W. 64. 
 
 *ma mdn T. ma mun s. foe. 
 
 ma-zii s. the body, see mii, mu-zu; 
 md-zu mdn sd vi gum the body is flesh 
 and blood; md-zu-niin nd a-mik blydn 
 bam-miin sd-fa-ld md-mak-nun-sd myel 
 byi whose body is filled with eyes (vidya), 
 into them is giyen the quality of undy- 
 ing; md-zu kyam-ka for the body; md-zu 
 kyen-sd dok-kun very large M. ; md-zu nd 
 nd nyi the body is real existing; md-zu 
 nd nd md-nyin-ne it is not a real body, 
 fictitious body; md-zu nydr-rd nyor-ra 
 flabby, very soft; md-zu tom-bo s. a 
 woman, who can abstain from sexual 
 intercourse; md-zu dydr-rd dydr-ra or 
 md-zu dur-rd dur-rd long and thin, slender 
 etc.; see under dur; md-zu pun-bryon-ld 
 a body thin above hips and large and 
 thick below; md-zu frum-md fram-md 
 to have eruption on body; md-zu md- 
 mdr-ld coloured (as fowls); md-zu zon 
 very dear, intimate i. q. a-lut zon; md-zu 
 a-rok s. a youngster, a stripling, md-zu 
 on or md-zu on-bo the members of body 
 md-zu 6n-sd ts'on to be sound as the 
 members of body; — life md-zu j6m-bo 
 mat-lun lively, su go yo gdn hd-yu-niin 
 md-zu jom-bo mat-lun dyen sop tyek-bo 
 md-fi-7id-ba han-nun a-ku-p gyek for they 
 are lively and are delivered ere the 
 midwives come in unto them Ex. — md- 
 zu ton-sd a-far i. q. mu-tun q. v.; health, 
 md-zu nyo i. q. md-zu md-fi-ne not to 
 feel well; md-zu ddk s. pain, illness; md- 
 zu td-dur mu-mydt-ld ddk vb. not to be 
 quite well; md-zu lin-ld ddk vb. to be 
 very ill, md-zu tsun md Ku zon nyon to 
 feel weak and incapable of exertion; 
 md-zu grd-md gro-md li vb. to feel pains 
 in body; md-zii tiim-ddm-ld li vb. to feel 
 heavy and dull thro' sickness; md-zu 
 hydm-md hydm-md li or hyum-md hyum- 
 md li vb. to feel the body in a glow 
 (as from fear); Tnd-zH put-byet-ld li vb. 
 
 to feel heavy thro' weakness; md-zii. sak- 
 bo-ld li i. q. md-zii zon bam vb. to feel 
 well; md-zii dyot vb. to feel lassitude; 
 md-zii-ka ju-ka tso-ba sd-tet ddk-kiin go 
 expresses intensity of disease or suffering; 
 md-zii-ka nyet nyi vb. to have a com- 
 plaint; md-zii-ka ton vb. to have eruption 
 on body, md-zH-ka hil-md hu-md li vb. 
 to feel a nervous timidity; — figure, 
 form, appearance, md-zii dydn ' the 
 form of body, the flgure, md-zu, dydn 
 nan an erect figure, md-zii dydn ryu a 
 good f., md-zii dydn jdn a bad figure; 
 md-zii zap to s. the form of body; md-zii 
 mat vb. to assume appearance of, pd-no- 
 sd md-zii mat to assume the appearance 
 of a king P. ; — person explet. ; hH kd-sH 
 Tnd-zii-ka lat i. q. hU kd-sH lyan lat he 
 came to me. 
 
 ma-zdm mun s. n. of evil spirit of gi- 
 gantic stature, md-zom mun zdk marasmus. 
 
 ma-yal s. purity, md-ydl md-lok eternal 
 purity P. 
 
 ma-yo s. a sort of gown worn by the 
 lama's. 
 
 ma-ra s. (in P. Skt. mdrd) an evil spirit 
 of great malignity, M. : Ma-ra files about 
 in the heavens and when he is there, is 
 a bright light, hence comets, northern 
 lights etc. would be called md-rd; md-rd 
 zdk vb. to be affected by M., that is with 
 the paralysis, md-rd zdk-bo or md-rd zdk- 
 bam-bo a man affected with paralysis. 
 
 ma-rf, ma-ri (cfr. T. 'dri-ma) s. 1. dirt, 
 pollution, adj. unclean, impure, applied 
 also to the clothes and accoutrements of 
 a deceased man, worn by him when dead 
 or dying; md-zii-ka md-ri c6 a dirty body; 
 md-ri md-zii-ka (a-lHt-ka') nyi to be dirty 
 (impure) in person (in heart); 2. influence 
 of evil spirits. See r% ri nom. 
 
 ma-ri s. 1 presents made by friends, 
 a gift of friendship md-ri *pyin vb. to 
 give presents; md ri ayuk vb. to exchange 
 tokens of love. — 2 pleasure md-ri jak 
 vb. to be pleased, to like, ho-do md-ri 
 sd-re jak-kiin-ka lyo whichever is to your 
 liking take. 
 
278 
 
 ma-ru — ma-rd 
 
 ma-rydn — mak 
 
 ma-ru, ma-rum, mu-rum (see mii,, md-zu, 
 mu-zu) s. the allotted period of life ; vital 
 power md-rum mok-kun-sd num-sim-nyo 
 mak-so when the allotted period of life 
 (or the vital power) is exhausted, man 
 will die; — md-rum md-fok eternal life, 
 immortality P., Chr. md^um md-t'dk-sd 
 a-mydl byi to give the bliss of immortality; 
 mak ddk md-nyin-nun-sd md-riim md-fok 
 T. 'ci-med fse or skye ''ci med-pa tse'i rig 
 P. immortality, see T'oung-Pao 1896. — 
 md-rum hrydn a long life, md-rum tan a 
 short 1. — md-rum so fat to carry away 
 vitality, to die, ho md-riim nyi-ld mat-td-o 
 may you live long. 
 
 ma-rum adj. (see r»,) far, distant in 
 space or time, lyan md-rum a distant 
 country, md-rum Ion-nun ryak vb. to 
 follow at a distance; ma-nm ma-rwOT far 
 far away. 
 
 ma-rd s. 1. man, person (male or fe- 
 male), lyan-sd md-ro-pdn (or gun-na) T. 
 yul-mi-rnams the inhabitants of the 
 country P.; md-ro kup persons, people, 
 sons of men; md-ro a-lom dun bam people 
 say so P.; in s. of T. 'gro-ba Skt. satva 
 P.; — 2. a person i. e. one's self md-ro 
 mak non to die a natural death i. q. md- 
 ro te jin mak non; see md-ro do; — 3. a 
 certain, md-rd kat j. hii-do num-dyen-sdn 
 lyan-nun yu-lun a. md-ro kat lyan-ka van 
 non J. went down from his brethren and 
 turned into a certain A. G.; md-ro lyan 
 a certain country; another country; — 
 4. another, md-ro nye-nun mat-ba go-nun 
 duk bam through the fault of another I 
 am suffering; md-ro lyan tim-mo another 
 great place P. ; md-ro c'lyit the custom of 
 others, md-rd Mm-muh-sd bon md-li-nun 
 do not repeat another man's foul lan- 
 guage; md-ro rin mat sak cin to think 
 what another will say; md-rd-sd a-pldn-ka 
 dyok zuk 1. to excel 2. to oppress; md- 
 rd-sd a-pldn-ka rin li 1. to be superior 
 in speach. 2. to browbeat. — md-rd do 
 one's self M Gr. 44, natural, naturally Hind. 
 apse, md-rd do ddk labour-pains or na- 
 tural pains, md-rd do ddk bam to be in 
 
 labour; md-ro do lyan one's own country; 
 md-rd do ran nye mat-lun zuk it is (my) 
 own fault; md-rd do lo niin yd to know 
 by intuition; md-rd do sok cet to commit 
 suicide ; md-ro do bii md-ro bu bam each 
 one bears his own burden; a-kiip nyen 
 fdn md-rd do yd the child knows naturally 
 how to suck; a-pldn un md-ldk-nd-ren 
 md-rd do a-kun mak-ndn-ne from not 
 having watered the plant has naturally 
 died; md-rd do fam-rin md-ro do zak-bam 
 each person is answerable or accountable 
 for his own actions; md-rd do Mun-ntin 
 da-nyi to be naturally from all eternity. 
 
 ma-rydn vb. to creep on all fours (as 
 babies). 
 
 ma-rydm adj. spreading as creepers, 
 strawberries etc., clouds: pum-byon md- 
 rydm the clouds to lie spread (over hills). 
 
 ma-lin kun or mut-lin kun n. pr. of a tree, 
 Acrocarpus fraxinifolia Wtt. A. 440. 
 
 ma-lit ace. Wtt. C. TlOmafe^Oaryopteris 
 Wallichiana. 
 
 ma-lo, mat-lo, mut-lo s. a spec, bamboo, 
 Bamboosa nutans Wtt. B. 134. 
 
 ma-lok explet. to md-ydl q. v. 
 
 ma-ldk s. expertness of hand M. 
 
 ma-ldm bdk and md-lam bdk s. n. of a 
 bird, Oriolus kundoo, E. 215., md-ldmfim 
 bdk Oriolus traillii, dan md-ldm bdk Ori- 
 olus melanocephalus ibd. See also Je 2, 
 212 and pd-lan bdk. 
 
 ma-ldm lyan n. pr. of a place in North 
 Sikhim. 
 
 ma-lyok vb. to represent others, md-lyok- 
 kiin-sd tet-mo s. a pantomine. See lydk. 
 
 ma-§a s. a certain fruit, md-sa pot. M. 
 
 ma-San kuii or mur-San kun s. a tree 
 Artocarpus integrifolia, md-san pot (fruit 
 of A.). 
 
 ma-0 farewell, md-o mat vb. to bid 
 farewell, no md-o go, farewell, goodbye. 
 
 mdk vb. t. to long for ci mdk, td-ayii 
 mak; a-mdk 1. that which is longed for 
 a-mdk top to obtain that which is longed 
 for 2. adv. occasionally, at intervals, pe- 
 riodically. 
 
 mak s. the target, mdk tsdk fo vb. to 
 
mak— man, a-man 
 
 min 
 
 279 
 
 set up target, mdk zdk to hit target; mdk- 
 ka p6k to take aim at target, mdk ok to 
 fire at target. 
 
 mak (see mak) vb. n. mortality to pre- 
 vail, mdk du s. mortal disease, pd-hu-sd du. 
 
 mak-fo s. a spec, of dove. M. 
 
 mak li lu s. a plant M. 
 
 "maii (T. rmoh-ha ignorant,, dull) vb. n. 
 to cease from speaking, to be sullen, 
 man-Id mat-td be quiet. 
 
 min Sar-ra deserted, lonely? M. 
 
 mk\ vb. to pray see md, md. 
 
 mat or mut vb. to blow, to breathe at, 
 MW o-re li-wun-sd hd-yum mut-lun li and 
 when he had so said he breathed on 
 them and saith J.; nyi mat vb. to blow 
 the fire; mdt dydn vb. to blow away. 
 
 Deriv. tuk-mdt no or tun-mdt no s. a 
 spec. fish. — sun-mdt, sun-mut, so-mdt 
 (explet. sun-hip) s. the wind, sun-miit-sd 
 dyok s. the effects of w., sUn-mut sd-dyak 
 Thursday, kur-vdn kon sun-mM adverse 
 w., td-gum kdn siin-miit i. q. non-so ft 
 sun-7nut or fi suii-mut (P.) favourable w., 
 riim-ni/.n .... suk-dum lyan pldn-ka sun- 
 mut klon-sen and God made a w. to pass 
 over the earth G.; sitn-mtit di the w. to 
 blow; sun-mut prdl (the wind) to subside; 
 siin-mut-tun ku vb. to be driven by w. 
 (as ship); siin-mut-tun glyot vb. to be 
 broken off by wind as branch; sim-miit- 
 tun nydk to be shaken by wind; sim-mxit- 
 tiin pyok to be blown down as tree; sun- 
 miit-tun bak bit vb. to be beaten by the 
 wind; sUn-miit-ka klon vb. to give to the 
 winds, to throw away; — used in s. of 
 spirit riim, sUn-miit giim God is a spirit. 
 
 Comp. sun-miit tuk-cdp or a-tydp s. a 
 whirlwind; sUn-miit top-mo a hurricane, 
 a strong w.; sun-miit pon-fo s. pintailed 
 green pigeon; sun-miit plydk or plydk s. 
 a gust of wind. 
 
 mat i. q. mat. 
 
 mat, a-mat s. hair, see bon mdt, tik mat 
 — mdt-sd s. hair-noose. 
 
 mat rf-ndm s. a musty smell as of damp 
 cloth. 
 
 man, a-man adj. cooked, ripe, completed. 
 
 Cans, mydn in n. s. 1. to be ripe, a-pot 
 a-lum mydn-non the fruit is too ripe; 
 mydn tu-tsdt md-non-ne the season of 
 ripening has not arrived, — to be ripe as 
 ulcer; to be cooked not raw, mydn-ld no 
 vb. to cook a thing thoroughly; to be 
 red as face; — 2. to be settled (as affair). 
 
 man s. explet. kit, Tbr. ma-n M. 131, 
 man kit, a-man s. flesh, meat; the flesh 
 of body, a-mdn-ka md-fdk-ne it has not 
 penetrated the flesh, a-man gdt-lun dek 
 the skin to chap and crack, a-man fat 
 dan to fall off as flesh in leprosy; so-nap 
 o-re-ka man mi-ka il-liin sd Ku btit md- 
 fap-niim-bo sd fam a-krim fa-so they shall 
 eat the flesh in that night, roast with 
 fire, and unleavened bread; and with 
 bitter herbs they shall eat it Ex; — game 
 man t'am-cdri; venison, ho-niin man bit 
 fi-liin kd-sii kor-ka a-zom a-fdm zuk-kd 
 bring me venison and make me savoury 
 meat G.- — the quality of anything as 
 of cloth dUm-sd a-mdn. 
 
 man kHp small game; — man kom 
 simple boiled meat; — man ci dried flesh; 
 — man cim-bo leanfleshed Ex. — mdnju 
 raw meat; — man non fHk minced meat, 
 man non fiik tydt vb. to mince meat; — 
 man mydn boiled meat; — man (a-)tsdk 
 tough meat; — maw sa yiip pickled and 
 dried meat; — man al tender meat; — 
 man a-cet cooked meat; — mdn a-brom 
 large game; — mdn (a-) sum fat meat. 
 
 mdn kd vb. to stew meat; — mdn kuk 
 vb. to take flesh out of pot; — mdn grydn 
 vb. to have a longing to eat flesh; — 
 mdn no or not vb. to boil meat; — mdn 
 cen vb. to cut open carcase; — mdn tsok 
 vb. to lie in wait for game; — mdnryak 
 vb. to follow game, mdn ryak-ho s. a 
 hunter G., — mdn lu vb. to put up or 
 start game; — mdn s6t vb. to slaughter; 
 
 mdn op vb. to shoot game. 
 
 Comp. md kar gyon s. a sausage; — 
 mdn ki dum a small slice of meat, see 
 sa-iid; — mdn ci so s. a slice of meat; 
 mdn cet a piece of m. without bone; — 
 man td-k'ok s. a longing for flesh; — mdn 
 
280 
 
 man-da-ra-wa — nodi 
 
 ma— *ma-nin 
 
 tydl a pimple; — man du s. a gland, 
 man du sup glandular swelling; — man 
 nak gyon s. a black pudding; — man pan 
 s. a scrap of meat; — m,dn pdk or pdk 
 s. a shoulder of meat; — man fdl the 
 smell of blood of raw meat, man fdl hlyiim 
 s. a place where there is much meat or 
 game, man follyum vb. to hunt; — mdnbam 
 Z^/an hunting-ground, game-country, man 
 hop s. soup; — mdn lam s. a leg of meat; — ; 
 mdn Urn s. a track or path of game; — 
 mdn hratkurl s. a tree (spec, of Eugenia?); 
 ■ — mdn sur s. the track of game, mdn 
 sur prek vb. to track game; — mdn sa 
 no s. a large slice of meat; — mdn sa- 
 ra-ho s. a huntsman; — mdn un s. soup, 
 broth ; — mdn sut s. tallow ; — ma-hi man- 
 dap n. pr. of a L. village "a buffalo flesh- 
 market" ace. W.fr.jwaAi buffalo, OTa« flesh, 
 dap to obtain .W. 72: more corr. man-dap 
 i. q. Bangali mandap Skt. mandapa. 
 
 man-da-ra-wa Skt. manddrava (a tree in 
 paradise; Erythrina indica) n. pr. of a 
 princess of India, one of the five wives 
 of Padmasambhava P. 
 
 man-vdr s. a hole M. 
 
 map vb. n. to be short, low, md-mdp-ld 
 adv. short, stumpy, fo ban md-mdp-ld (bird) 
 short-beaked, 6n md-mdp-ld a short boy. 
 — tuk-mdp short, low, iiik tuk tuk-mdp a 
 low (skull-)cap. 
 
 mdm see md, ma. 
 
 m^m mdm s. slovenliness or rather ir- 
 regularity in work going from one work 
 to another mdm mdm ayok mat. 
 
 mar ji s. capsicum M. 
 
 *mar mdn incorr. see *mu-mdn. 
 
 mal 1., mal-la mal-la very small, said of 
 dogs. 
 
 mal 2 (fr. ma-ld see md); — sd-mdl to 
 act covertly, to do anything secretly, sd- 
 mdl-lun s6t vb. to murder secretly. 
 
 mal 3, a-mal see myel., a-myel. 
 
 mk\, mdl-la m^l-la coming and going, 
 appearing and disappearing, mi m-ld m.-ld 
 mat fire to flare up and subside again, 
 to flicker; sd-tsuk m.-ld m.-ld mat the sun 
 to appear and disappear as from behind 
 
 clouds, a-som mdl-ld mdl-ld li vb. to 
 breathe with difficulty, for the breath to 
 come and go, »o yu-so td-lyan mdl-ld mdl- 
 ld li when it is going to rain the sky 
 appears and disappears (asbehind clouds); 
 
 — tuk-mdl coming and going i. q. mdl- 
 ld mdl-ld; so lydp-sd dyan t. m. the flashing 
 of sheet-lightening. 
 
 ma 1. for mat used in negative md mu 
 ya do not, md ma s' won't, a-lom md ma 
 s' I wish you would not. 
 
 ma 2. i. q. md part. neg. ma-ne, man- 
 ne, man M. Gr. 78. 106. 109 Tna rium yo 
 this will not do; ma ne pu perhaps not 
 nan-Id fik pu ma ne pu whether or not, 
 ma-ne yo gdn otherwise, if not. 
 
 ma 3. vb. n. to be secret, to be con- 
 cealed, ma kon let it be secret, m.a-wun-sd 
 vyen s. a hidden door; — ma-ld secretly, 
 ma(j-ld)fo to cover over so as to hide, 
 ma fom-bo p. p. hidden; md ma nd mat- 
 tun openly; ma-re secretly e. c. o-ta hu 
 Id tdm-bo re ka tul-ld non yan-ld bra-ka 
 md-go-ne ma-re zon ndn then went he 
 also up unto the feast, not openly, but 
 as it were in secret J. ; ma nak vb. to look 
 furtively; ma da vb. to be concealed, ma 
 ndn 1. to go secretly. 2. to disappear J. 
 MW dyesu ma non but J. hid himself J.; 
 ma-Un zuk vb. to do anything secretly; 
 
 — vb. t. fun fat-ka ma to bury corpse. 
 
 — a-ma s. a secret thing, a-ma 16m a 
 secret road; ma-lyan s. a place of con- 
 cealment; also in s. of shelter, refuge. 
 See sak ma and mdl. 
 
 ma 4. expletive to mun q. v. M. 137. 
 
 *ma ben T. s. "the most important per- 
 sonage" a cook, a baker Ex. ma-cen 
 fyak-bo sd kd-nyum both me and the chief- 
 baker Ex. 
 
 ''ma-nyi T. Skt. ma-ni "the jewel" 
 esply. in s. of prayerwheel ma-nyi kor 
 vb. to whirl round ma-ni; ma-nyi gyon 
 vb. to repeat the formula om ma-ni pad- 
 me Mm; ma-nyi kit vb. to chaunt do. 
 
 ma dd Idp s. a plant M. 
 
 *ma-nin T. s. hermaphrodite, ma nin 
 nak-bo the black h., n. of evil spirit. 
 
ma pun— mak 
 
 tnak 
 
 281 
 
 ma pun (T. ma mother) s. ma fun zo/'t 
 relations on mother's side, see pa pun, ma-. 
 
 ma ma fine or in fine clusters or shaggy 
 (said of wool when on sheep's back) or of 
 fine leaves, a-m,yel ma ma, a-nyom ma-tna. 
 
 ma mam speaking to a baby: eat. 
 
 ma-ya (Skt. may a) s. affection, a-yu-sa 
 ma-ya nyi to have a. for wife, ma-ya dek 
 the love is broken, ma-ya-nyim-bo adj. 
 affectionate, ma-ya mat vb. to love, to 
 have affection for. 
 
 ma-ra s. name of stone, ma-ra hydt a 
 long and thin piece of ditto. 
 
 ma-ri s.. meat, flesh, Tbr. man. 
 
 *ma-re T. ma-re (sill, threshold) s. the 
 lintel. 
 
 ma-lak (see md-ldk) s. activity or ex- 
 pertness of hand, ma-lak dit-bo adj. expert. 
 
 ma-16 s. a hair-noose for snaring birds, 
 ma-l6 don kat a string of nooses, ma-16 
 dou kat ran to set ditto. See mdt-lo. 
 
 ma hal ace. W. bent or curved, ma- 
 hal-di un ("bent" "to move" "water") 
 n. pr. of a river in Sikhim, corrupted by 
 Bangali's and Pahariya's into Tf T1^ or 
 T^T'!'^ W. 61; ma-hal-di ram "the head 
 of the M. river" n. pr. of a mountain 
 W. 64. 
 
 *ma-hi T. ma-he Skt. flff^ s. a buffalo, 
 ma-hi Ian a bull b ; ma-hi mot, a cow b.; 
 ma-hi kup a young b. — ma-hi man-dap 
 n pr. of a village. 
 
 ma-0, ma-0 mat see md-o, md-o mat. 
 
 mak 1. 1. vb. to die, said of man, animal, 
 tree, fire, dispute, used with (or without) 
 a-liit denotes excessive grief, mak gat gdn 
 mak-so if it is to die, it will die; kun 
 m,ak-n6n the tree is dead, mi mak-non 
 the fire has gone out; a-mlem mak sad, 
 displeased countenance; md-ro mak-non- 
 niin-sd a-som siin-miit nun-non-so a-vi re 
 un nun-non-So vn a-cok re fat nun-non-so 
 Un a-hrydt re Ida kun nun-non-so Un a- 
 pil re mii.k-nya7n nun-non-so when a man 
 dies his breath will become wind, his 
 blood water, his flesh earth, his bones 
 stone and wood and his spirit will become 
 shade; suk-dvm liik min-tam a-ve-ka to-ld 
 
 ■tnd-mak-nd iian-bo md-nyin-ne among the 
 dwellers on the surface of this earth there 
 are none who are not subject to death P.; 
 mak det to be dying, mak det-bo deadly 
 sick, m yd yo gdn mak det for he was 
 at the point of death J. mak-ydn-re 
 when dying; mak ydn-re bdn-nyim-bo-niin 
 Id kit md-lel-ne no power can snatch you 
 from death; mak-bo adj. s. dead, the de- 
 ceased, mak-non-bo dead M. 98., md-ro 
 mak-pdn the dead ; mak sdn-sd a-tHm pld 
 or lat to have presentiment of death. — 
 mak-sdn-sd pyon-ka f'i or 7n.-s.-sd tm-ka 
 fi or mak-sdn-ka f'i to be at the point of 
 death; mak-sdn tu-tsdt-ka in the hour of 
 death; mak-sdn mortal, mak-sdn-sd adj. id. 
 mak-sdii-pdn mortals ; — mak si-ba when 
 he was about to die; mak si z6n nyon to 
 feel as if you were about to die, said 
 when very tired etc. ; mak-siim-bo s. a 
 mortal; mak-kHn re s. mortality; death, 
 sd-ayak rel-ld noii-lliii tnak-kim-ka noii 
 each day as it flies, leads you to death; 
 mak nd mak or mak ind mak living or 
 dying; mak-ld sot vb. to kill outright. — 
 2. s. dying, mak-sd a-boii tlie jaws of dying, 
 mak-sd a-bon-nvn md-for-ne not to escape 
 from the jaws of death; mak-sd si mat 
 with great pains: dyok mak-sd si mat; 
 mak-sd si mat-hhi dov or mak-sd U don 
 to seek for with all one's heart as if 
 death was within sight; mak ddk death 
 and disease; mak-to: mak-to dyet till death 
 sak-ddk mak-to dyet lud-son-ne inconsolable 
 grief, g. which will not be allayed till 
 death; mak-mH deathlike M. 106. 
 
 Deriv. a-mak s. death of animals and 
 trees etc. a-mak a-zum lyon-lun dyu. vb. 
 to be reckless of life; a-mak bon-niin 
 tor vb. to have a narrow escape from 
 death; a-mak-ka klon vb. to slay a person 
 (in action); a-mak-nim md-for-ne there is 
 no escape from death; a-mak a-zum inu- 
 fyak-ne not to be afraid of risking life; 
 a-mak bon-ka tsiit to be in great danger 
 of death; a-mak pld death will be the 
 consequence; a-mak-re a-ninu mik-krap-re 
 dyeh sleep is death in miniature. — Com- 
 
 18* 
 
282 
 
 mak— mat 
 
 mat 
 
 pounds: a-mak-du a mortal disease; — 
 a-mak-se the funeral presents given to 
 relations of deceased; a-mak-se-ka non to 
 carry ditto; a-mak-se-ka kldn to send ditto; 
 
 — a-mak ayok s. funeral ceremonies. 
 
 mak 2., a-mak s. cream nyen viak. 
 
 *mak 3. T. dmag s. army, host; multi- 
 tude, number; war, *mak jon s. military 
 exercises *inak-pdn T. dmag-dpon s. the 
 commander of the army; — *makpun T. 
 dmag dpun s. the army; the band, mak- 
 pun-sd mak-pdn-sd dyo-di-sdn-sd non-zen- 
 sdn and the band and the captain and 
 officers of the Jews J.; — *mak-mi T. 
 dmag-mi s. a warrior, a soldier; — mak- 
 mi-sd a-iyok the rearguard, mak-mi-sd 
 a-hld or tuk-tsu the advanced guard; — 
 *mak-tso T. dmag-tsogs s. an array; *mak- 
 hryum T. dmag-Krims s. martial law. 
 
 maii 1., pa-man overclouded, met. said 
 of countenance overclouded through sorrow 
 or displeasure, overcast by man-muu 
 (evil spirit), insensible, regardless, when 
 called, a-mlem man-Id nun or viat vb. to 
 look sorrowful or serious, anxious, gloomy; 
 
 — myan caus. of man overclouded, so- 
 myan s. the rainy season. 
 
 (man 2.), pa-mah cut even, square, see 
 pd-tsum. 
 
 mat 1. adv. (ace. M. ident. with mat 2?) 
 1 . along with, in addition to, including, kom- 
 mo-sd a-kup viat the capital along with the 
 interest; yuk lap ci run-tok mat to present 
 a basket of ci along with the letter; mat- 
 Id adv. towards, kydr kon m,at-ld ndk {no) 
 look (go) towards the east, hlo Un mat-Id 
 towards the south; southern direction. 
 
 2. till, td-s6 mat md-tyin-ne did not 
 arrive till yesterday. 
 
 3. except a-fol ruat 7nd-n6n-ne except 
 a short distance I will not go i. e. I will 
 not go far. 
 
 4. i. q. {yin, a-fyin q. v. a-po nydt mat 
 mik-krap-lun mon myon-sdn he slept and 
 dreamed the second time Ex.; — mat 
 mat now so — then otherwise a-ldn kat 
 mat li a-nye kat mat U now he says one 
 thing presently another. 
 
 mat 2. T. byed J^Tew. ^T, ^T7f see fat, 
 dyit, zuk, lei, p. pres. mat-tun, imp. mat- 
 td, mat-td-o, neg. imp. map i. q. md- mat- 
 tun, p. fut. pass, mat-sdn, condic. mat- 
 gdn, neg ma q. v. I. 1. to do, to make, 
 to act, c. aec. rum mat to offer, li mat 
 to speak, kd-yu o-lom 16m, li m,d-mat-ne 
 we do not speak in that way; mdk mat 
 to spy, to pry; a-lom map do not do 
 thus, o-re map do not do that; when 
 affixed to ss. it transmutes the sense in- 
 to a vb. e. c. kyevi-idn mat q. v., kyol 
 mat q. v., Kyu mat q. v., gram gram mat 
 q. v., etc. etc.; —forms verba causativa 
 c. -Id, for-ld mat vb. to strengthen, tok-ld 
 mat vb. to cleanse, to excuse, fyo-ld mat 
 to cause to understand, etc. etc.; — is 
 also used c. -sd "to make preparations 
 for'' 16m- sd mat vb. to make p.'s for 
 travelling or for the way; — when pro- 
 ceeded by -Mn gives signification of in- 
 tention, purpose, desire, as go dan-ka 
 n6n-sdn mat I intend to go down to the 
 valley, go-nun a-re zuk-sdn mat I wish 
 to make this; go ndn-sdn mat hv n6n ma- 
 k6n-ne I wanted to go, but he would not 
 let me; — ??ja^ with z6n prefixed gives signi- 
 fication of "pretence" as md-sin-nd zon 
 mat vb. to pretend not to see, md-fyo-nd 
 zon mat to pr. not to hear or understand, 
 freq. in P. ; — to make custom, habit of, 
 go-nun ci tdn mat I drink cV or I am in 
 the habit of drinking ci; — mat used iu 
 the sense of suppose or make as a-re 
 li re mat-td suppose this to be the house; 
 mat-gdn provided; — c. -sd to compare 
 with, td-dydn-sd ynat gdn nam ryu-pa 
 compared with last year, this is good; 
 kd-si(. rin-sd a-do rin mat-ba your language 
 compared with mine; — to be of effect, 
 gdn-ld a-yan-ld md-mat-ne but is was 
 indeed of no effect; — to befall, fam mat 
 misfortune to befall, to be struck by 
 lightening thro' laughing or other in- 
 auspicious act; misfortune to befall, so- 
 mething (unfortunate) to occur, to be 
 ominous, so ram bam-ba tydn gdn tarn 
 mat-so if you laugh when it thunders, it 
 
mat 
 
 mat-lo— mam 
 
 283 
 
 is ominous: you will be struck by ligh- 
 tening (cfr. Hardeland, Dayak- deutsches 
 Worterbuch s. v. badjed); — to be- 
 come, to acquire, to be made as fd-no 
 mat bam to become a king, a-do yii mat- 
 sd I will become your wife, kilp mat Ion 
 vb. to adopt a child. 
 
 2. vb. to have sexual intercourse, s. 
 sexual intercourse, td-gri-sd mat sak di 
 to desire sexual intercourse ; — mM-zdn 
 s. a concubine. 
 
 mat gdn if. 
 
 mat-tun p. pros, (litly. making) regarding 
 kd-sum riik-nyam mat-tun regarding me 
 as false; — s. mat-tun re action, labour, 
 mat-tun-sd ayok-pdn a-pot m Id md-nyin- 
 ne not to receive the fruits of one's labour. 
 
 mat-ba "by means of" or "through", 
 kd-su-nim mat-ba through me or by means 
 of me, a-re ddk-nun mat-ba go lyan non 
 vid-kun-ne thro' or on account of this pain 
 I cannot go out; — c.-sd compared with. 
 
 mat-bi, -sd mat-bi compared with. 
 
 mat-bdn affixed expresses (or is similar 
 to mat-bd) "through" or "by the means 
 of" as td-'ie do-sd mat-bdn thro' or by the 
 means or assistance of Padmasambhava 
 himself; nd-rar kup mat-bdn hu for-non 
 by means of a small boat he escaped. 
 
 'mat-lut'i on account of, as a-re-nun mat- 
 luH on this account, o-re-nun mat-lun on 
 that account, therefore, zo cu-sd mat-lun 
 provisions for the road. 
 
 mat-mn p. fut.; s. action, the necessary 
 thing, faciendum, mat-Mn-re co gum the 
 necessary thing is religion; mat-mn-ka 
 adv. in the space of, (period of time). 
 
 II. s. action, mat-ren through, Ld-su mat- 
 ren thro' me, j)l. mat-pdn or mat-pdn Mn- 
 pdn actions; mat-lu id.; modes, fashions, 
 mode of doing thing, rule, as mat-lu dok 
 according to the rule or custom, mat-lu 
 kam-sd jdn-nixn ayum-ba gdn Id if you do 
 a bad action however slight, it is still a bad 
 action; — mat-lu sdp-lu id., dr-sd mat-lu 
 s6p-lu kd-sum dun-bo show me the way to 
 make; — mat-lom s. conduct, as M-sd mat- 
 I6m md-ryu-ne or a-jdn gum his c. is bad. 
 
 mat-re adv. as well as M. 
 
 Deriv. fr. 2. a-mat or a-mat a-lon s. 
 venery, coition. 
 
 mat-lo s. spec, of bamboo from which 
 bows and snuffboxes are made. See md-lo. 
 
 man 1. Skt. mdna s. honom*, respect, 
 dignity, man-nun byi vb. to give out of 
 respect, man-nun lyot to leave out of r. 
 
 man 2. vb. n. to be minus, to be small 
 in quantity, or to be few in number, to 
 decrease, to diminish, a-re man- wdmthis 
 has decreased, man a-tet md-byi-nmi do 
 not give such a small quantity ; pww man 
 gdn kd-ti-nun md-man-ne at the least there 
 there were not fewer then ten; un-pdn 
 Id-vo kd-ti tet man-Id ndn dydt-lun Id-vo 
 kd-ti-sd ts'd kat-ka hlo ydk-pdn si and the 
 waters decreased continually until the 
 tenth month: in the tenth month on the 
 first day of the month, were the tops of 
 the mountains seen G.; li-sd md-ro-sdn 
 luk-kup-rem fa-sdn man gdn if the house- 
 hold be too little for the lamb. Ex. -^ 
 man-la adv. less, attenuatingly, abatingly. 
 — a-man s. diminution, the minority, a 
 few, a-man a^man advly. seldom, a-man- 
 nun seldom, not likely, improbable, a- 
 man tsu s. the minority, a-man li s. a 
 light burden, few words. 
 
 man 3. (T. man') for man-ne 1. except, 
 excepting, 2. no, a-hrdt man md-nyin-ne 
 except bone there is nothing; dum-ka, 
 kun-lop man md-nyin-ne except leaves 
 there are no other clothes. — man-p6 T. 
 man-pa, man-pe etc. except, only M. 82, 
 126. md-mak-nd tet man-po fun-sd su Kyet 
 Id md-nyin-ne except that they are not 
 yet dead, there is no difference between 
 them and a corpse P.; hH-do man-po kHm- 
 duH md-nyin-ne except themselves there 
 are no others; a-yahu-ya ron-no ydn m,an- 
 po li md-nyin-ne I can say nothing but 
 meanings and lamentations. 
 
 man-ne, man-nd i. q. ma-ne no, not, 
 man-nd pu it may not be so. 
 
 man ra adj. golden? man-ra di-tsii. pii M. 
 
 map see under mat 2. 
 
 mam s. rice or pap for children, ma-Di 
 
284 
 
 mam-t'om rip— mi mi 
 
 mf 
 
 zo eat, said to children if rice, (if 
 meat: cet ta), viam warn mat (nursery 
 word) vb. to eat (child). 
 
 mam-t'om rfp n. pr. of a plant. 
 
 mar 1. vb. t. to twist, to turn, a-nyor 
 mar vb. to twist the ear. Ml mar vb. to 
 turn screw, >nar aydk to twist the hands 
 behind the back: hu-do kd mar aydk-sdn 
 a-lom mat-ba a-kd mar dydk-kd-a. 
 
 Redupl. md-rtiar twisting, md-mar sun- 
 lin dam vb. to tie firmly. 
 
 mar 2., tuk-mar spotted, mar mar tsum 
 beautifully spotted. 
 
 Redupl. md-mdr-ld streaked or dashed 
 with colour, hik md-nidr-ld-bo a coloured 
 fowl. 
 
 mar 3. s. a bow for carding cotton, 
 mar dyok sd-li. 
 
 mar 4. s. name of third month, Id-vo 
 iii'ir, mar-nyom, M. 141. 
 
 *mar 5. T. dmar adj. red, mar feoredink. 
 
 mar-guk s. n. of a tree Turpinia pomi- 
 fera Wtt. T. 847 see sin-nok. 
 
 mar cen rfp s. spec, of Gnaphalium (ob- 
 tusifolium?), m.-c. piir-bon white G., 
 Gnaphalium albescens. 
 
 mar- (or mal-) fit rfp and 
 
 mar- (or ma!-) fit l(un n. p. of plants. 
 
 mar- (or mal-) San l<un n. pr. of a tree. 
 
 mar-dk-fo s. a spec, of magpie. 
 
 mal 1. vb. to dibble as rice M. 6., 
 a-mal s. sowing, a-inal tu-tmt s. seed- 
 time, a-mal tu-tmt non it is seed-time. 
 
 *mal 2. T. zum mal s. bedding. 
 
 mal 3. complete, the whole, mal-ld all, 
 completely, lyan mal-ld blydn the country 
 is completely filled. 
 
 mi 1. vb. to put or soothe a baby, to 
 bring to bed, mi-t'o id. 
 
 mf 2. vb. to be affected, imbued, fydn- 
 nun mi i. q. a-so pot see mun mi; — a-mi 
 or (am- mi s. an evil spirit, applied 
 especially to demons in form of noxious 
 insects, brut-sd a-iid the demon of itch, 
 Ivk-sd a-mi the d. of dysentery, nyi-dyop- 
 sd a-mi the d. of a cold; — (am-tni brut 
 vb. to have any eruption (small-pox, etc.). 
 
 mi 3. onom. mi mi noise in calling cats. 
 
 mf 4., a-mf s. a young sow, pig. 
 
 mf 5. T. we fire, Tbr.: tun-ydl-mo; mi 
 sd-dyak Sunday M. 140.; — mi un-nun 
 z6m-bo ryak ku-mn-go who can recover 
 what is destroyed by fire or water; mi 
 zHt-ka beside the f.; mi z6h hru vb. to 
 be as hot as f. ; mi hyiim-md hywin-md 
 glowing heat; mi sut-td sut-td smoulder- 
 ing not burning freely, as green wood; 
 mi-sd pdn-lvn ryak myd to swear to re- 
 nounce f. ; mi-ka fan vb. to burn or heat 
 in fire; nd-ka fan-re z&h like burning in 
 fire i. e. throwing away; mi-ka muk vb. 
 to bake in ashes without the leaf in opp. 
 to mi-ka dyur; mi-ka il or dyM vb. to 
 toast; mi-ka dyur vb. to bake in ashes 
 with leaf covering the meat etc. ; mi kdk 
 vb. to screen the fire; mi-krdl vb. to 
 pick out live ashes; mi nok vb. to rubb 
 bamboo together to produce fire; mi cap 
 vb. to rub together to produce fire (as 
 wood), mi cap kun s. wood from which 
 fire can be produced by friction, the best 
 of which is the cdp tsi/r kun; mi cet vb. 
 to break off live coal from brand or 
 burning wood; mi ju vb. to cherish up 
 f., 7ni jut vb. to restore fire when nearly 
 out; mi fyiim vb. to scrape fire together; 
 nd tap vb. to place fire on any thing 
 (as on chillam); mi dop vb. to be burnt, 
 
 dop-lion mak vb. to be burnt to death, 
 
 ri ri dop vb. to spread quickly; mi 
 i pld vb. to be scorched; mi pyit vb. 
 
 take up coal with tongs or pincers; 
 
 pyet vb. to strike fire, also s. the steel, 
 
 pyet Idn s. a flint, mi pyet pyo s. tinder; 
 
 fak vb. to dry over fire as fish, meat; 
 
 bryom vb. to pile up on fire as wood; 
 mi mdt vb. to blow the f.; mi mak vb. 
 for f. to go out; mi mUk vb. to push live 
 fire under ashes to prevent its going out, 
 as during the night; mi tsdt vb. to catch 
 fire as tinder, house, anything; 7ni zu vb. 
 the fire is alive or burning; mi zum-bo 
 kun wood fit for burning; mi zuk vb. to 
 make the f.; mi zo fap vb. to feed fire 
 with good small wood; miryen\h. to be 
 smoked, as food when cooked over smoky 
 
 mi 
 
 mi 
 
 do: 
 
 to 
 
 mi 
 
 mi 
 
 mi 
 
mf 
 
 m( 
 
 285 
 
 fire; mi ryer'i nom s. smoky smell; mi lyo 
 bon mdt-td take and make the f. m; mi 
 ha vb. to rake up the f. together; mi har 
 vb. f. to turn with a noise as when the 
 wood emits much gas; mi kyep vb. to fan 
 the f. also to blow with bellow; mi hryok 
 vb. to cause to burn; mi hryok U vb. to 
 set on f.; md hlyom vb. to be blistered 
 and scalded by f. ; mi vyik vb. to meddle 
 with, to disturb the f.; mi-sa tso vb. to 
 apply f. to anything; 7ni-sd Mn vb. to 
 disperse by f. or the smoke as bees; mi 
 hn vb. to dry before f.; mi lor vb. f. to 
 spread as fr. house to h.; mi an vb. to 
 warm one'self by f. J. 
 
 Comp. mi-han s. smoke, vb. to smoke; 
 mi-kan kdn hroh vb. to rise in thin vapour, 
 mi kdn kdn hron smoke to keep rising, 
 mi-kan dun s. the suppression of smoke 
 or the returning of s. as mi-kan dUn-hron 
 or lot dun-hron the chimney smokes, the 
 smoke returns; mi-kan diin is used in 
 sense of being filled with smoke as li-ka 
 mi kan di/.n bam the house is full of smoke, 
 mi kan vun-ld non the smoke curls, nn- 
 kan a-nan kan the smoke to ascend direct, 
 mi-kan 16m s. the chimney; — mi-ko s_ 
 watchfires for guarding, giving alarm etc. ; 
 — mi gyor s. a live coal ; — mi-ylot (cfr. 
 Burmese mi k'vak) s. a candle, co-mi sd 
 mi-ylot sd rap-ce bi/,-liin o-ba t'i (a band) 
 comes thither withlanternsandtorches and 
 weapons J.; — mi-nan s. a firebrand; — 
 mi-no s. an incantation against fire, mi- 
 no tyuk vb. to repeat incantations; — mi- 
 cdp kun s. Polygala arillata, the wood of 
 which rubbed together is used to get fire 
 M. ace. Wtt. '-'-michapgong'' Premna cu- 
 neata Wtt. P. 1239. — mi cum s. a spark, 
 mi cum nyon the spark fly about; — mi 
 jUm s. a small live coal; — mi td-ram an 
 abyss of fire, the glowing centre of large 
 fire; — mi td-lyii.m s. 1. the glowing ra- 
 rified air above fire, 2. the reflection of 
 fire in the atmosphere as seen at a di- 
 stance; — mi tak- cap a whirl-fire i. q. 
 mi a-tydp; — mi tiik-fydl s. a dead coal, 
 a cinder; — mi tHk-brol ran an bam vb. 
 
 to sit before the fire with outstretched or 
 rather stridewise legs; — mi-t'iii see siiu- 
 ji; — mi-dd s. a lake of fire P.; — -ml 
 dyak 1. s. a flame 2. vb. to flame, m.i 
 dyak-bam the fire is blazing, see dyak^ mi- 
 dyak nan vb. to blaze, also for an "ignis 
 fatuus" mi dyak nan-re zon mok ya-sdmil- 
 nyin-ne having the appearance of a flame 
 but not in the least consuming; — mi 
 pd-yu the white light well burnt wood- 
 ashes; — mi pd-hop s. a fire-showel; — 
 mi pun- f yet 's,. tongs; — mipiir-cin s. soot; 
 — mi pHr-tm s. hearth, fireplace; — mi 
 pHr-dii s. ashes; — mi-pyit muk s. Ple- 
 mingia congesta Wtt. P. 633. - w«' pmi 
 s. a large f.; — mi blik s. a torch or fire- 
 brand of split bamboo, -mi blik jdl vb. to 
 dry ditto over f.; — mi mo s. burning of 
 jungle ; lui mo hryok vb. to set forest on 
 f. ; — mi-mun s. the demon of fire, see 
 a-ydr, mi-mun zdk or ddk vb. to suffer 
 under the influence of M. perhaps con- 
 sumption, nUm-nii Ion gdi'i a-ydr (nii tnufi) 
 tsuk-so if you have carnal connection with 
 relations M. will bite you; — mi r? kam 
 ndm gdn Tbr. if I can get fire or warmed, 
 lit. if I can but just get the smell of f. ; 
 mi rek the burning of jungle or forest 
 mi rek cdk or ton vb. to set fire to jungle; 
 li mi rek-nUn dop for house to be burnt 
 from catching fire from burning jungle; 
 mi rek dor s. a spec, of mushroom; — 
 ?ni lim s. a blazing fire see mi td-lyiim\ 
 mi hru iior-riin great heat; mi-sd han fire- 
 wood; mi si nan s. a firebrand i. q mi- 
 nan; — mi-ser s. a burning glass; — mi- 
 son i. q. so-son unison day-light. 
 
 *nif 6. T. mi a man; mankind, mak mi 
 s. a man of war, mi-kyon s. a person left 
 alone and forlorn, mi-sd 1. of or belonging 
 to a man, 2. T. mi-ser a subject; mi-sd- 
 ka a-kydt zuk-bo s. the bestower of ease 
 to his subjects i. e. the king. 
 
 Comp. *mi-K-6 T. mi-/i'a s. defaming 
 talk, mi-1'6 zdk vb. to fall under defaming 
 talk (as woman) mi-K6 vydt vb. to father 
 a child upon another person. — mi-t'o 
 i. q. mi-tsii ; mi-t'ok s. a generation ; * mi- 
 
286 
 
 mi— mik 
 
 mik 
 
 no T. mi sna s. a subject, a nation J.; 
 *mi nok-bo T. mi nak-po s. the laity; mi 
 mon s. a crowd, an assembly, the people, 
 generally the public J. 5, 14., mi-mdn-sd 
 of or belonging to the public; mi-tsu i. q. 
 mi-fo, dep-fo s. a registry or census of the 
 people; mi fso s. a family, race or tribe; 
 mi luk re s. a division and register of the 
 people into their respective districts; mi- 
 16k s. a person who works for his food, 
 mi-lok mat vb. to perform work for food; 
 mi-l6k kak vb. or mi-lok lik vb. to invite 
 people to give assistance in work with 
 engagement to feed them; mi-Uk-bo s. an 
 assistant, a worker, workman; mi-ldk fap 
 vb. to sit at work. 
 
 mi: ma-mi or mur-mi s. disguise, imi- 
 tation, representation, an image, a picture. 
 
 mi-no s. the features, mi-no fyak yan- 
 Id a-bryan md-tyak-ne (I) know his fea- 
 tures but not his name. 
 
 mf gdt mun n. pr. of an evil spirit. The 
 Lepcha's ascribe the marks of some huge 
 undiscovered monster in the hills to the 
 footprints of the mi gat mun. 
 
 'mf-bo T. dmigs-pa a. ecstasy, trance, 
 imagination, mi-bo t'u dom id. 
 
 '^mi-lun i. q. me-lon q. v. 
 
 mik, a-mik s. T. mig the eye (a)-mik 
 (a^-nyo id.; hon. cdn T. spyan M. 131. 
 Sch. 8. mik nyo td-at-ld or mik nyo td-at- 
 td to have eyes wearied or confused with 
 looking at a great many people or things. 
 P. — a-mik piin-bryen-ld with prominent 
 eyes, staring eyes. — '1. mark, letter; 
 mik mon litly. many eyes: a game like 
 draughts; mik mdn kO, see sd-fdn-bik to 
 play at ditto. — interstice in net or 
 basket, mik-gyap-bo i. q. tUn-giydn a large 
 basket Tbr. — nodes or place, whence 
 shoots s])T out ; po-mik ioint of bamboo; — 
 ancle see fon-mik; the outer part of cane, 
 opp. buk, the grain of Indian corn; — 
 
 3. eye-sight; mik mat vb. to spy; a- 
 mik-kHn gdn ryu-wi'm fair to behold. — 
 a-mik-ka sd-re wd-witii-re that which is 
 agreeable. — mik md-fydp-niin do not 
 obstruct my view. — 4. the best side 
 
 of anything, obverse; a-mik a-buk the 
 wrong side (of a question or of things.: 
 cloth etc.) the obverse and reverse. — 
 a beautiful, very valuable thing, in- 
 valuable; sd-tsvk sd-mik the sun, see tmk; 
 a-mik-sd md-rd a very beautiful man, a 
 good man. 
 
 a-mik kyop or a-mik-kun kyop vb. n. to 
 be satisfied with the approve of; a-mik- 
 ka ky&p vb. to please the sight; a-mik-ka- 
 klydt (from kldt) vb. to have the eye struck 
 with any thing (as by insect or tip of 
 finger etc.); mik Icyep i. q. m.-hyep\ a-mik 
 (a-nyikri) glo vb. to lose (the voice and) 
 sight; a-mik a-nyiim tuk-ndm pok vb. to 
 lose sight, voice and smell: signs of ap- 
 proaching death; mik ndk vb. to view, to 
 spy; (a)-mik ndk-bo s. an eye-witness, a 
 spy; mik ndk si-Id as far as one can see; 
 mik-ndk fak tet id.; (^a)-mik gur ndk vb. 
 to give a side-long glance of surprise, con- 
 tempt etc.; a-mik gyiim ndk vb. to look 
 inquisitively about; mik tal-ld ndk vb. to 
 look above anything; mik tim-bo ok ndk 
 vb. to open eyes with surprise; to look an- 
 grily; a-mik tvk-jer ndk vb. to look at one 
 askaunt; mik {a-ynan ndk vb. to look 
 straight; to 1. st. into face; to stare at; a- 
 mik myer ndk vb. to peep, to pry; to 
 sneak; mik rdp ndk vb. to peep thro' eyes; 
 mik rdp-ld ndk vb. to look with half-closed 
 eyes ; m-ik rdl ndk vb. to look as it were 
 secretly by moving the eyes but not the 
 head; a-mik rel-ld rel-ld ndk vb. to turn 
 eyes in every direction; a-mik tsiik ndk 
 vb. to look steadily at, to stare at; mik 
 fsdt ndk vb. to guess by sight or mik fsdt- 
 niin yd id.; a-mik 6m 6m ndk vb. to stare 
 at; — 7nik ndm-ld nan vb. to sit nodding 
 as when sleeping; — mik n6r di vb. to 
 be sound asleep; mik-nor-nyiifn-bo s. a 
 person sound asleep ; — (a-)mik cat (bam) 
 "to have any thing in eye" 1. to h. sharp 
 pain in e., 2. to be envious; (a-)mik cam 
 vb. to close eyes to die M. 130. mik-cam- 
 n6n ne dead Tbr.; — a-mik cin-cin to 
 wink; — mik jit vb. to hate, fam a-jdn- 
 pdn zuk-bo rel-ld-nun a-om-rem mik jit for 
 
mik 
 
 mik 
 
 287 
 
 every one that does evil hateth the light J., 
 mik jit-bo s. a hater; — mik jur vb. to 
 appear in a contemptible or false light; 
 a-mik nydr vb. to have eyelids rather 
 turned outwards; — mik-sd nyu vb. to 
 direct with eye; — a-mik tdk vb. to see 
 indistinctly; mik-ka fi or ki mik fi vb. 
 Tbr. to decapitate; — a-mik du-non eyes to 
 become glassy (as in death); — (a-^mik 
 dok vb. to have eyes dazzled (as by look- 
 ing at the sun); — a-mik-nun fak vb. to 
 be visible; — mik-niin nan vb. to see or 
 to make conjecture what one can do, 
 dyok-sd tet zuk si tet mik-nun nan vb. to 
 look to see what (or to make conjecture 
 seeing) work one is able to do; — (a-) 
 mik nor vb. to have eyes swim as from 
 walking along precipice; — a-mik prok 
 dam vb. to bandage eyes; — mik mat vb. 
 to spy, to pry in M. 129., mik mat-bo s. 
 a scout, a spy; — a-mik kldp-ld mat, a- 
 mik klyop-ld mat., a-mik kldp-ld cam vb. 
 to shut eyes very tight; — a-mik gldm- 
 Id mat vb. to have eyes heavy (as when 
 dying) ; — mik mydt vb. to have anything 
 fly into or touch the eye, mik mydt-lun 
 ddk vb. to have eye smart from anything 
 having flown into it; — mik mron mron 
 nun vb. to become dim-sighted; — mik 
 tsam vb. to twinkle as eye, see jin-nd 
 jin-nd; (a) mik-sd tsam {tsaiii^ mat vb. to 
 wink, mik-sd tsam-md mat-nd-ba lit., "in 
 the twinkling of an eye" in less than a 
 wink; — (a-)mik-ka t'sii.t 1. to fall into 
 eye; 2. to look kindly at, to be pleased; 
 
 — a-mik yak vb. not to be able to look at 
 thro' shame or bashfulness; — mik yen 
 vb. to amuse the attention, mik yen sit 
 vb. id.; — mik ri vb. to fall in love with; 
 
 — mik ryem sor vb. to look defiance; — 
 a-mik tyan-ld li vb. to have swimming in 
 head, a-mik fi fi li vb. to have the turn 
 from terror, a-mik ziit-td ziit-td li vb. to 
 have eyes heavy (as when sleepy) a-mik 
 sd-cer-ld li vb. to have an aversion to- 
 wards, to hate; - a-mik lit vb. to have 
 the eyes red or inflamed; — mik lutrh. 
 to have eyes open, as a dead man before 
 
 they are closed, mik lut-lun mik krap da 
 vb. to sleep with eyes open; — mik lot 
 vb. to have eye ruptured; — (a-)mik lyop 
 vb. to get glance at, to see indistinctly 
 anything as a shadow, mik md-lyop-ne 1. 
 not even to get a glance at, 2. to be 
 blind Tbr.; — (a-)mik lyom vb. to turn 
 the eyes about; — mik hyir vb. to have 
 red eyes, bloodshot; — mik hyep vb. to 
 have one eye smashed; — a-mik pyil-ld 
 hon non to have eyes greatly sank in; — 
 a-mik vun vb. to be dizzy, a-mik a-nyo 
 vun striking, astonishing, a-mik a-nyo 
 vun li vb. to have eyes dazzled by look- 
 ing at various objects, uncertain which 
 to select; a-mik sa vb. to perform ope- 
 ration on eye; — mik sap vb. to be blind, 
 also s. the blind, mik-sap gun-nd all the 
 blind, mik-sap (bam-)bo s. a blind person 
 adj. blind; ignorant Tbr. mik-sap bam-bo- 
 sdn si-la mat vb. to give sight to the 
 blind J., mik nydt-ld sap bam vb. to be 
 blind of both eyes P. — mik sar vb. to 
 have drooping half-closed eyelids; — mik- 
 nii.n « vb. to see with one's own eyes, kd-sii 
 mik-kiin U-wun-ka lot-sd md-nyin-niim-o 
 do not come again into my sight, mik- 
 ktm (or nun) him-bo s. an eyewitness, 
 mik-Mm-ku fi vb. to come into sight, to 
 be visible, mik-sim pld vb. to appear, to 
 be revealed, mik-sim tet-ka within sight, 
 mik-sim 16 s. a present for finding, inik- 
 dek-lo id., sd-tsHk tsur nd a-mik Mm Idt- 
 Mn md-nyin-ne no rays of the sun are 
 visible; mik Mm fik i. q. dyeii Mm fik s. 
 a present given to mother after birth of 
 child; mik-si-bo adj. seeing J. 57. opp. to 
 mik-sap-bo J.; mik-Mm-bo adj. visible, also 
 s. a spectator; mik fol Mm-bo a short- 
 sighted person; mik md-rii.m Mm-bo far- 
 sighted, mik md-Un-nv.m-bo adj. blind, a- 
 inik lyot si vb. to recover sight, mik-sd 
 hrydt-td M hron vb. to start up suddenly 
 from sleep, m,ik-krap-ba-sd h-ydt-td M hron 
 id.; — a-mik sor-non having lost one eye. 
 a-mik ok vb. to open eyes; a-mik (a-) 
 tim-bo ok to oi^en eyes wide (as with sur- 
 prise). 
 
288 
 
 mik 
 
 mik 
 
 Compounds: mik-kuk-rik s. the creeper 
 Abrus precatorius, mik-kuk-pot s. the small 
 red and black seed of A. p.; S. gunja; 
 
 — wAk-kydn s. the corner of eye. — mik 
 kyor s. 1. the excretion of eye 2 butter 
 Tbr. md»'. — mik-krap l.s. sleep, slumber, 
 2. vb. to sleep M. 135. J. 69. so-nap-ka 
 mik-krap-sd ind-nym-ne to have sleepless 
 nights; mik-krap md-Kvn-ne vb. not to 
 be able to sleep; mik md-krap-nd mat 
 vb. not to sleep; mik-krap-ka fo kyon to 
 talk in one's sleep, mik-krap-ka moii myon 
 vb. to dream in sleep, mik-krap ci vb. to 
 be fast asleep mik-krap-ci-bo s. a sound 
 sleep, m/ik-krap toi-non sleep to be clear- 
 ed, not to be able to sleep after being 
 awakened, mik-krap da vb. to be asleep; 
 mik-krap-nun si vb. to av^aken from sleep, 
 mik-krap non vb. to go asleep or to sleep ; 
 mik-krap pur or mik-krap pum vb. to be 
 a sleepy person, always under influence 
 of sleep, mik-krap-ba-sd hrydt-td si hron 
 vb. to start up suddenly from sleep; 
 mik-krap bamr-bo qui dormit M.'J5; mik- 
 krap-mun i. q. mik-krap-pum ; mik-krap 
 zon deep sleep; mik-krap ydin-bo s. a 
 sleepy person, a person given to sleep; 
 mik-krap rUm s. the god of sleep or the 
 sleepy influence; mi-krap rihii fin-d do 
 you feel sleepy, has the god of sleep 
 come upon you; mik-krap son sleep to 
 cease as from having had a sufficiency 
 of, mik-krap sdn-non to have sleep dis- 
 turbed, to be awaked from sleep to have 
 sleep dispersed; mik-krap siz6nnydA\h. 
 to feel sleepy; mik-krap sdk vb. to resist 
 sleepiness, mik-krap sdk dydn vb. to shake 
 oft' sleep: krak dydn Tbr. ; mik-krap sdk 
 pld vb. to become sleeping or m.-k. s. 
 lat or m.-k. yu-non id.; mik rdp krap yh. 
 to sleep with eyes half open, to sleep 
 with one eye open, to be vigilant; — 
 mik-krap kun s. species of mulberry, i. q. 
 *wo-sa Morus indica M. Wtt. M. 756, 
 mik-krap pot s. the fruit of M. see niim- 
 byon; — mik goii-hu see a-mik-sa tUn-hon; 
 
 — mdk-grun s. a tear M. i;i4, mik-grun 
 glyot vb. to shed tears, mik-grun cet-niin 
 
 (or din-nii,ri) pld vb. tears to gush out 
 violently, mik-grun tup vb. to suppress 
 tears, mik-gruA md-Mp-ne not to be able 
 to refrain from tears, mik-grun dek dydn 
 vb. tears to burst forth, mik-grun nan 
 vb. to suppress tears, mik-grun pd-hryu- 
 Id the trickling of tears, mik-grun pan 
 vb. (tears) to cease, mik-grun prm-ld pld 
 vb. tears to gush simultaneously from 
 both eyes, mik-grun tsok vb. to resist 
 tears, mik-grun zak vb. tears to fall on 
 anything, mik-grun zok vb. tears to drop, 
 m.-g. zii-zii. zok vb. to fall in showers, 
 mik-grun lat vb. tears to come to eyes, 
 mik-grun sat vb. to vfipe away tears, 
 mik-grun si/r-vd-ld the marks of streaks 
 of tears, mik-grun sur-vd-ld lorn bam vb. 
 tears to run in streamlets, mik-grun so- 
 yij re zon hryop vb. to shed a flood of 
 tears, mik-grun sor vb. tears to run down to 
 shed tears, mik-grun al-bo s. one easily 
 affected to tears. — mik com s. the eyelash 
 M. 134, mik-com sd-dok-ld very small and 
 thin, like eyelash, mik-c&m a-dum-bo s. 
 an European Tbr. ; — mik-jiim (also mik- 
 siim) s. aversion, antipathy, mik-jHm mat 
 or mik-mm mat vb. to have aversion, 
 antipathy, to bear animosity towards; - 
 a-mik nydt-bo seeing by day and night; 
 mik-td vb. able to bear the sight, fit to 
 be seen; s. an example, a pattern, mik 
 td bo vb. to give an example, a-yu-nun 
 Id go-niin a-yum mat-re. zon zuk-sdn-ka 
 go-nun a-yum mik td bo fat for I have 
 given you an example, that ye should do 
 as I have done to you J.; mik-td nyim- 
 bo, mik-td sim-bo, mik-td bam-bo a good- 
 mannered, well behaved person, one who 
 deserves to be made a pattern of, mik- 
 td ryu s. a good example, mik-td jdn s. 
 a bad example, mik-td a-ryum dot vb. to 
 set a good example, mik-td mat Map vb. 
 to follow the example, mik-td ndk-lUn mat 
 vb. to follow the example, mik td ndk liin 
 pi vb. to write according to copy, mik-td 
 ndk-lUn hrap vb. to sew according to 
 pattern, a-jdn-bo-sdnsd mik-td iidk-Un 
 mat gdn jdn nun-so if you follow the 
 
mik 
 
 *mik-da— mfn 
 
 289 
 
 example of the bad you will become bad. 
 
 — mik-tak adj. spotted as the seed of 
 some of the heads of maize; — mik-tyu 
 s. the eyelid, mik tyu Mat yu vb. to hang 
 down as from weakness; — a-mik-sd tun- 
 hdn or mik gon hu the socket of eye; — 
 mik-fin s. the pupil of eye, mik-fin hu- 
 lun yom vb. to lose sight; — mik-tu s. a 
 cataract in eye, also inflammation of eye. 
 mik-fum s. a siesta or nap after food; — 
 (a-)-mik-fuk s. a cataract in eye; — mik- 
 tun i. q. mik-tyu; — mik fyak-ho s. a. 
 concubine, mik tyak zon s. an acquaintance 
 of either sex, mik tyak mat i. q. bam-tyol 
 mat Tb. to live together in carnal con- 
 nexion not in wedlock; — mik-dek 1. s. 
 the fortune of eye, mik-dek Id a reward 
 for finding a thing; — a-mik dek 2. s. the 
 muscles of eye, a-mik dek-ydm-ho adj. 
 quick-sighted; — a-mik dem s. an object 
 of amusement; — mik-du s. ophthalmy, 
 mik-da dak vb. to have ditto; — a-mik 
 dor s. film or pellicle over eye, (a-)mik 
 dor bam vb. to have cast in eye or rather 
 eye crooked; — a -mik -pin-bo adj. one- 
 eyed; — mik-bu s.the white of eye; — ''mik- 
 marT .m,ik-dm,ar the planet Mars, Tuesday; 
 
 — mik mydm ("without seeing") by guess, 
 random, Tnik mydm-ka lik or li vb. to call 
 or speak at random without knowing the 
 name or fancying the person is present 
 tho' he be gone; mik myam,-mAn li vb. 
 to speak by guess or on hearsay only 
 without having seen; mAk mydm-mHn op 
 vb. to fire at random without looking; — 
 mik-myon s. the eye-brow M. 122; — a- 
 mik za or ze adj. quick-sighted; — mik- 
 rdp brij. ace, W. "■ mik-dab-brH^^ s. an owl, 
 "the short-eyed Jrw-caller, Syrnium ne- 
 warense R. 204. — mik-lim fo s. the stripe- 
 throated hill-tit Siva strigula M. Je 2, 252; 
 mik-lim fo fvn-fin-ld blue-winged hill-tit 
 Siva cyanuroptera M. ace. Je 2, 253 m- 
 l.-fo a-dum id.; mik-lim-fo a-hyir red- 
 tailed hill-tit Minla igneitincta R. 213, 
 Je. 2, 254; — m,ik-]i.run rik s. a spec, 
 of vitis, Vitis lanata M. Wtt. V. 210. — 
 *mik-hryu T. mig-prul s. optical delusion ; 
 
 — mik vyar s. flashing eyes; — mik vydl 
 large open eyes, mik-vyol fam-blyok s. a 
 spec, of butterfly; — mik sit adj. not easely 
 able to sleep, sleepless; — a-mik mp- 
 bam-bb adj. having small eyes, pressing 
 eyes, small letters as in book; — mik- 
 ser a. spectacles; — mik en s. the pupil 
 of eye. — mik see ton-mik. 
 
 * mik-da (fr. T. dmigs and 'das-pa') s. a 
 vision, a reverie, mik non s. id., mik-da- 
 ka myer or mik-ndn si vb. to see visionary 
 subjects. 
 
 mfn, a-mfn a dry, solid, aged tree; the 
 joints of bamboo i. q. mik, po mh'i; liik 
 min bulrushes. 
 
 min, a-mih T. min (name, appellation, 
 word) a word, min tam-bin i. q. t'am-bin 
 see under bi. 
 
 min met fo s. blue rock-thrush Petno- 
 cossyphus cyaneus. See nvn-gri fo. 
 
 min sa s. a person, who sends sa q. v. 
 or present to family of deceased. 
 
 mft, a-mft s. a female, a woman of 
 superior beings, opp. a-mdt — cognated 
 with med in T. bud-med?; is affixed to 
 express the gender, riim-mit, riim-dar-mit 
 a goddess; in P. for dakini, devata, devi; 
 
 — sometimes emphatically added yH-mit, 
 td-uyu mii a female T. bud-med P. — 
 formes the fem. form of -mo q. v. in sense 
 of a (female) inhabitant of a place etc., 
 pdt-mit T. bod-mo a Tibetan woman P.; 
 ron-mit 1. a Lepcha-woman. 2. mon-mo 
 see Jaschke s. v. P. — i. q. T. -ma in 
 T. proper names (fem.), niim-tsiir mit T. 
 'od-'c an-ma, see tsUr; — dan-mo mit ace. 
 W. i. q. miin-ki fo. 
 
 mfn, a-mfn, myfn, a-myfn (cfr. T. ma, mas) 
 adv., adj. below or under, lower; inferior; 
 overcome in argument; a-min-bam-bo s. 
 one who lives below, i. e. not as one who 
 lives in a valley or in lower situation of 
 ground, but directly under as in a lower 
 storey, a-min-bo s. an inferior person, a- 
 min-re a-ton lydk vb. to turn upside down ; 
 mhi kon-niin from beneath; min tal-ld 
 ndk vb. to look underneath anything. See 
 myil, mil. 
 
 19 
 
290 
 
 mrn Sa mo— mu 
 
 md — muk-nyam 
 
 min Sa mo s. 1. cloth with hroad em- 
 broidered, flowered stripes. 2. *(fr. T. 
 min hzan-mof) s. a young girl, a virgin. 
 
 mfm, a-mfm, s. a widow, ta-ayii, mim, 
 mim tsdm vb. n. to be left a widow; mim 
 ry6t s. the children of w. 
 
 mir Tb. n. to swarm, to flock, mir-rd 
 or mir-rd rir-rd in swarms, flocks, swarm- 
 ing. 
 
 (mfl) mil-mil adj. dark-skinned M. 
 
 mil, a-mil s. fair complexion, see myel, 
 a-myel. 
 
 mu- pref. forms nouns (s., adj.), see mii 
 tyum 1. q. num-tyum. 
 
 mu (prob. i. q. mii "body"), c. object. 
 miim the article "the" "a" "an" M. 119. 
 nydt-mu-nun vd i. q. nydt-re-niin vd the 
 two travelled about together; — miim 
 object, of mij. see under -m, mak-bo-sdn- 
 nv,n hd-yu-do mak-bosdn-miim lap Idn 
 lyot-td let the dead bury their dead, Hn 
 ay.-niin r.-miim sak-lyak ban li and J.'s 
 anger was kindled against R.; and he 
 said G. ^- only kd-ta mii. alone, only one 
 ka-do kd-ta mii kHp ndn gat-re we must 
 depend alone on ourselves. 
 
 mu s. body, living body, see md-zv, 
 mu-zH, — - mii-sd tUn-dok-ka for the use 
 of the body; miijan-ld shivering as from 
 cold; mu 'pikn-pram-bo s. a plump, chubby 
 person; mw md-yd-ne adj. senseless, mw 
 mA-yd-ne pok-non vb. to fall down sense- 
 less; mil riik adj. very corpulent; mii riin- 
 bdk zdn s. a very corpulent person "like 
 a large basket"; mii Idk-Mm-bo adj. hurt- 
 ful to the body; tuu sdt-ydm-bo s. a cleanly 
 person, mw sdt-md yd-ni/m-bo an uncleanly 
 person; viH dyUm md-nyin-ne not to be 
 pretty in person; otm a-gun I6m vb. to 
 travel light without burden; mii-ka lot 
 cet nyi to be reinvigorated. — mii, cat vb. 
 to have sharp pain in b.; mv cim vb. to 
 be thin; mii tii or tUt vb. to wash body; 
 mil tyii, vb. to move the b.; iim fat vb. 
 to wash himself Ex.; mii ten vb. to 
 stretch one's self; mii zdn vb.to be healthy; 
 ma ri jdk vb. to be pleased; mii ri nyi 
 vb. to be dirty; mU ryvm bam vb. to be 
 
 nervously apprehensive; mU luk vb. to be 
 lustful; mil, hrydt vb. to shake b. (as 
 fowl, dog) mU dyek nydk vb. to wriggle 
 about b. 
 
 Comp. mw tur'i s. compensation for life 
 i. q. md-zu ton-sd a-far mii, tun cik vb. 
 to pay c. for life; — mii, dydn s. the form, 
 the flgure of b.; — mHpiin-san s. accoutre- 
 ments.; — mU mi 1. large huge belly, 
 2. a god, an idol, see co bum-tdn; — mii 
 mydl s. the hair of body; — mU lyu kat 
 s. a member of the b. mii. lyu kat cen s. 
 accoutrement; — otm si s. scurf of body. 
 
 mil vb. to seem or have the appearance 
 of, ddk mU vb. to appear or look sick; 
 — affixed -like M. 106. ddk-mH, sickly, 
 mak-mH deathlike, z6m-mu palatable look- 
 ing; — fit for ddk-mii, a thing fit to make 
 one ill, gr6n-m,ii, hopeful, -miin- negative 
 of mw, gron md-miin-ne; zdm-^mii fit for 
 food, zom md-miin-ne not fit for food, fan 
 iydn-mii-sd ayok a thing fit to make one 
 laugh. 
 
 mu-tyum i. q. niim-tyum: TnH-tyum ro s. 
 the cheek-bones or that part of the cheek. 
 
 mu-plyo zun i. q. mii zun. 
 
 *mu-men or mu-mdn T. mu-men s. a 
 blue stone, lapis lazuli or i. q. yii. 
 
 mu-zu see md-zii. 
 
 mu-zun (fr. mii body) vb. n. to be co- 
 wardly, chiefly cowardly of things at night 
 as of evil spirits. 
 
 mu-yak (fr. mi( body) adj. bashful. 
 
 mtik vb. t. to creep into; to put into 
 as into bushwood, earth, ashes etc. buk 
 mak to put yam into ashes to bake, hH 
 pd-zok-ka mUk-non the snake has crept 
 into the jungle. 
 
 muk- prefix i. q. ind-, mHit-, see miik- 
 ryak under ryak and nam etc. 
 
 muk-nyam s. (perhaps mak and *nyavi 
 T. nyam) the shade of the departed, de- 
 parted spirit, muk-nyam kup id.; muk- 
 nyam lyan Hades T. dmyal-ba Skt. naraka, 
 P.; miik-nyam (Jyan) pd-no Yama (Dhar- 
 maraja) P.; miik-nyam lyan vik Yama's 
 attendants; miik-nyam-sd hrim the punish- 
 ment (tribunal) of hell; --- 2. a spec, of 
 
-mun— muri-kydn 
 
 muii-klyok fo — muh-tyan 
 
 291 
 
 small bee; muk-nyam fam-blydk s. a spec. 
 of black butterfly. — muk-nyam tuk-tsdk 
 s. a species of grass. — muk-nyam sun- 
 hlyo s. a shrub. — md-ro a-zwn md-go-ne 
 mak-ho-sd muk-nyam zon prov. a very 
 old man; muk-nyam fo s. old worn-out 
 stumps of teeth as of old men, muk-nyam 
 fo lin for such to grow (in the idea they 
 are new small teeth.) 
 
 -mun slid be -m,-un e. c. lom-mun 
 walking, see under -im. 
 
 mun prefix 1. i. q. md- 2. reduplication 
 e. c. miin, mun (cfr. T. mun-pa) adj. 
 brownish, mun men see men. 
 
 mun-kak kun s. a bush, mun-kak rik s. 
 a creei^er M. 
 
 muii-kam explet. to mun-sin q. cfr. 
 
 miih-ki fo s. yellow-throated broad-bill 
 Psarisomus Dalhousiae M. Je. 1. 236, 
 also dan-mo Tnit, rup-fydl fo. 
 
 mun-kuh (mun-la) or ma-kun (ma-la) s. 
 the guardian spirit of life (of each per- 
 son's life, md-kun md-la-ka. tsam-bo nan- 
 bo re lyot-td-o seizor and dweller in the 
 spirit of life (intruder come out, said by 
 exerciser when casting out eyil spirit;) 
 mun-kun ryu s. a good guardian spirit; 
 mun-kun jdn s. a bad guardian spirit, 
 mun-kun jdn gdn dak mak-so if the guar- 
 dian spirit is bad, the person will fall 
 ill and die ; pd-no-sd muii-kun sd-hor i. q. 
 han-la q. v., td-lyan-nun han-la glo gdn 
 pd-no mak-so; md-kun md-la a-ldm a 
 substitute for the spirit of life (a pro- 
 pitiatory to mun as fowl, pig etc.); mun- 
 kun nak vb. to inquire into fate; mun- 
 kun brydt or miin-kun rit vb. to part with 
 guardian spirit of life i. e. to die. See 
 tun-kun tun-la. 
 
 muri-k6n 1. s. first sprouting down, small 
 feathers of birds. 
 
 muh-kdn 2. s. a musquito. 
 
 muii-kyek s. forked lightening, mun-kyek 
 vyon di the forked lightening darts. 
 
 mun-kydk rik s. name of a creeper, 
 Delima sarmentosa M., Wtt. D. 248. 
 
 mun-kydn s. the stick-insect, gen. Phas- 
 midae, see tuk-nydm. 
 
 muri-klyok fo s. a bird, Hindi bulbul, 
 Pycnonotus pygaeus M., Je. 2,93., mun- 
 klyok kar (hlo-sa) white-crested bulbul 
 Otocompsa leucogenys M., Je. 2,90; ace. 
 W. Molpastes leucogenys R. 213; miin- 
 klyok kar (dan-sd) black-crested yellow 
 bulbul Rubigala flaviventrisM. Je. 2,89. 
 
 mun-klyok 7'ik s. a creeper, a spec. 
 Gallium. 
 
 muh-klydn fo s. black-naped green wood- 
 pecker Gecinus occipitalis M., Je. 2,288, 
 ace. W. Chrysophlegma flaviuucha R. 207. 
 muii-klyon nyok hyir yellow-naped wood- 
 pecker. 
 
 mun-klydt fo s. the brown-eared green- 
 winged bulbul. 
 
 muii-ga s. turmeric. 
 
 miih-ga lep Tbr. for -jer gold. 
 
 mun-gu s. a spec, of garlic, pd-ki mun-gu. 
 
 mun-gu tim-bar or mon-gu t.-b. s. a tree M. 
 
 mun-gu tuk-tsdh or tuk-tsdn mun dyep s. 
 a plant, Bidens wallichii. 
 
 mun-gu Sdk s. a spec, of fern. 
 
 mun-gu ft s. a spec, of num-dak q. v. 
 
 mun-gdn (noF) 1. s. a spec, of grass 2. 
 m.-g.-fo s. a bird, rufous-bellied Niltava, 
 N. sundara M. Je. 1,473. 
 
 muii-gdr s. a spec, of sweet potatoe 
 buk, a spec, of wild millet; a spec, of 
 marigold. 
 
 mun-grit (?) ace. W. '^mong grit" a spec 
 of bird, Yuhina occipitalis R. 213. 
 
 mun-cuk-fo s. a bird, large yellow-naped 
 woodpecker Chrysophlegma flavinucha 
 M. Je. 289. ace. W. "mong-chok" Gecinus 
 occipitalis R. 207 and "mung-shok" Ixops 
 nepalensis, see mun-klyon-fo. 
 
 mun-cer s. n. of a spec, of flowering 
 grass (grain or seed eaten by Lepcha's) 
 Panicum miliaceum. 
 
 mun-jfri 1. a spec, of frog. 2 a spec/ of 
 Arum, A. campanulatum. 
 
 mun-nyon much, many, a crowd M. 
 
 mun-ba expletive to mun-lem. 
 
 mun-tyan 1. overclouded, dark mun-tyan 
 tuk to be overclouded; met. to be dis- 
 tressed, sad, to be gloomy; to be dis- 
 pleased. See tyan. 
 
292 
 
 mun-t'aA — mun-hio 
 
 muii-hlyak — mut 
 
 muA-t'an s. "firmness" keeping counte- 
 nance, mun-t'an fyet or mat vb. to keep 
 grave, mun-tan mat md-Kun-ne not to be 
 able to keep from laughing. See tan. 
 muh-fyun s. shadow, reflection in water. 
 mun-dyer s. a spec, of grass, Andropogon, 
 mun-dyer tson s. an arrow made of mun- 
 dyer grass. 
 
 mun-prek s. a spec, of woodpecker. M. 
 acc.W. sd-dydr mMw-p-eAPicusmajoroides. 
 Je. 1, 271. 
 
 muh-fan s. a spec, of grass, Arundo picta. 
 muii-fr i. q. sd-dydr s. a thunderbolt. 
 mun-lem mun-ba s. a spec, of grass, a 
 spec, of Digitaria grass, when it flowers, 
 the rain will cease M. 
 
 mun-mu s. a Lepcha tribe. 
 mun-yun 1. s. the viscid vegetable-matter 
 that adheres to the pulp of some fruits. 
 mun-yuii 2. s. a peacock Pavo cristatus 
 M. K. 208. Wtt. P. 350 mun-yun tuk-Um 
 s. the tail of the peacock, m,un-yun tuk- 
 sim ran vb. to erect tail, mAn-yun tuk- 
 sim Tiywp vb. to close ditto, mun-yun tuk- 
 Um, tsdk bu-bam to wear peacock's feather 
 in cap (see Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal 
 Tf XXIV); — mim-yun t'am-blyok a spec, 
 butterfly. 
 muri-hrep kun s. a creeper-tree M. 
 tnun - hryen s. jungle - grass Branthe- 
 mum, mun-hryen ndk s. Justicia no- 
 dosa, mun-hryen dum s. Justicia ec- 
 bolium M. 
 
 mun-hryem fo (see fd-ryul fo, fd-hryum- 
 /b) several species thrush :scimetar babbler, 
 slaty-headed Pomatorhinus schisticeps; 
 ace. W. "■wAmg-rhem''' Oreocincla mollis- 
 sima, E. 218; '■^Tnang-rhum" Merula atri- 
 gularis ibd. "hlo mong rhyum" Merula 
 albocincta ibd. 
 
 muii-hlo 1. hoar, frost, mun-hlo glo or 
 yu hoar (frost) to fall; 2. dew, used in- 
 correctly for so-gi q. cfr. Ex. 16. 13. un 
 a-lom nun-non nap-mo-ka ru-pi fo-pdn 
 lam hron-lun kur dyep-ka tuk un luk-kdl 
 mun-hlo a-dop-sd var-rd var-rd yu da and 
 it came to pass, that at even the quails 
 came up and covered the camp: and in 
 
 the morning the dew lay round about the 
 host, mun-hlo fo s. rufous-bellied fairy 
 blue chat, Mltava sundara M. 
 
 mun-hlyak s. noose used in catching fish, 
 birds etc. mun-hlyak sak fo vb. to set a 
 noose; — miin-hlyak rik i. q. sd-kd miin- 
 hlyak-rik. 
 
 muii-SIn s. a stench, stink, mun-sin miin- 
 kam s. the evil spirit of bad smells, 
 mMn-sin mun-kam ri nom vb. to have a 
 bad smell as person who never changes 
 his clothes etc. 
 
 muh-§e s. a species oi p6n grass, three 
 species dum, nok, fdn; s. a spec, of bird No- 
 todela leucura ace. W. '■^mangshia" R. 217. 
 
 muh-Sel s. a spec, of garlic miin-sel mun- 
 gu; — mun-sel fo s. white-tailed blue 
 wood-chat Myiomela leucoura M., Je 2, 
 118, blue-throated redbreast Cyornis ru- 
 biculoides M., Je. 1. 466, blue wood-chat 
 Larvivora cyana M., Je. 2, 145, white- 
 breasted wood-chat (blue) Janthia cya- 
 noura M, Je. 2, 146, golden bush-chat 
 Tarsiger chryseus M, Je 2, 149., large fairy 
 wood chat Niltava gracilis M. 
 
 tnun-'ayat fo s. a spec, bulbul? M. 
 
 mun-'ayep s. the name of the seed of 
 the jungle-grass; troublesome in adhering 
 to clothes; spec, of Cynoglossum, G. 3. 
 18 thistle; miin-dyep fydl ace. Wtt. "ma- 
 niphtyol" Desmodium cephalotes Wtt. 
 D. 332. 
 
 muh-'aydk (see dyoli) s. a cotton carding- 
 'hoy^,mun-dy6k-nun op vb.to card withm.a. 
 
 muh-rm s. discoloration from moisture, 
 damp, mould. 
 
 muh-u s. 1. shame, bashfulness? 2. Tbr.: 
 silk M. 
 
 mun-uii s. phosphorous or phosphoric 
 emanations as from rotten wood, mun-un 
 dm bam the phosphoric emanations shine. 
 mun-un fam-bu s. a glow-worm. 
 
 muii dp (see op) s. a spring-bow, mun- 
 6p fen vb. to set a spring-bow. 
 
 mut- 1. prefix i. q. md- q. v. 2. re- 
 duplication see mydt etc. 
 
 mut 1. see pd-mut or pur-miit (without 
 joins). 
 
mut— mun-tet 
 
 mun-tel kun — mill 
 
 293 
 
 mut 2. i. q. Tndtto blow, sun-mut s. wind. 
 
 mut 3. s. the god of fortune, miit-ka fat 
 hyi vb. to offer offerings to mut. 
 
 mut 4, a-mut s. 1. the bulb of potatoes, 
 turnips etc. (not the stalk), pilr-mut id., 
 miit tyal s. the lower part of m., which 
 is esteemed the best part; — 2. the lower 
 part of a cup or vessel i. e. the cup under 
 the cover in opp. to a-ldp the saucer or 
 stand, a-fyan the cover, if without cover 
 it is not a-mut. 
 
 mut 5. vb. to be finished, as word, 
 cause M. 
 
 mut 6. i. q. mot: a-re han miit pld this 
 came out first Gr. 38.28. 
 
 mut pa-am s. sugarcane, micf pd-am fop 
 or sop s. the dry bruised cane after juice 
 is extracted, mut pd-am tser vb. to ex- 
 tract the juice. See mut 1. 
 
 mut rfp s. a white flower. 
 
 mut-li s. the name of a fabulous animal 
 like a pig, which is said to support the 
 earth, mut-li di or tyu s. an earthquake. 
 
 mun- prefix 1. i. q. md- q. v. 2. redu- 
 plication, see men etc. 
 
 -mun for -nun when the preceding word 
 ends in a 7w e. c. md-lom-mHn or -nim 
 do not walk. 
 
 mun see mw. 
 
 mun s. 1. a note, a singing, tson mun 
 a base note, miin yam-md a soft 
 note, miin vd a prolonged note, mun vor 
 vb. to sing in chorus, 2. a priest, a bard, 
 miin-bo, see yuk-mun J., miin jim s. the 
 fee to the priest; mun tap or miin tydn 
 8. a vagrant singing priest, mun-mo s. an 
 experienced m. mun-ha s. exercisers; 
 miin on s. a scholar of a m. 
 
 mun-ju adj. coarse, met. awkward, 
 clumsy, buDgling, miin-ju rin li vb. to 
 speak bunglingly, mim-ju ayok zuk vb. to 
 do work bunglingly, rin miin-ju coarse 
 language, ctyok miin-ju coarse bad work, zo 
 miin-ju coarse rice, zo miin-ju md-mat-tim 
 do not wash the rice, litly. do not make bad. 
 
 mun-nyo s. n. of an evil spirit. 
 
 mun-tet ace. Wtt. "mantet" s. Briedelia 
 tomentosa Wtt. B. 875. 
 
 mun-t'el kun s. n. of iree Ficus tuber- 
 culata; ace. Wtt. H. 339 Homonoia riparia. 
 
 ''miin-ddh ace. M. a sacred direction to 
 remind one of one's moral duties, fr. T. 
 man-iiagf 
 
 mun-lft fo s. a spec, of bird. 
 
 *mun-ldm T. smon-lam s. a prayer, a 
 supplication, intercession; blessing, miin- 
 lom nyim-bo adj. happy J.; mun-lom byi 
 to bless LP. miin-lom top id.; miin- 16m 
 tep vb. to obtain answer to prayer; miin- 
 lom ul vb. to pray, to ask a blessing, 
 miin-ldm ul-lyan s. the object of one's 
 prayers; mun-lom a-jdn s. a malediction. 
 
 mum see mH. 
 
 mur- pref. i. q. md- 2. i. q. mdr-. 
 
 (mur), md-miir high as meat, applied 
 also sometimes to fruit etc. when be- 
 coming rotten, md-miir tet sdr vb. to be 
 rather gone or high as meat. 
 
 mur-kah Tbr.: sd-kd a barking deer. 
 
 miir-guk kun s. a spec. Turpinea, T. 
 pomifera or T. nepalensis. See mar- 
 
 mur-cak boii or mnr-cok Idii s. n. pr. of 
 a bird, scally breasted hill-wren Pnaepyga 
 sqammata Je. 488., M. ace. W. "mar- 
 chong-long" R. 214. 
 
 mur-cen see mar-cen rip. 
 
 mur-cok fo s. n. of a bird ace. Je. 491, 
 M. Troglodytes nepalensis or T. punctatus, 
 ace. W. Elachura punctata R. 214. See 
 also mibn-cuk. 
 
 mur-nyo s. the waters above the earth, 
 (td-lyd the waters under the earth;) — 
 mur-nyo hu s. the snake that led the 
 waters along, hence "running streams". 
 
 mur-So see Kur-so miir-so. 
 
 mul- i. q. mdl- or md- q. v. 
 
 mul vb. n. to be thickened (as skin on 
 sore), incrassated, to be buried or hid 
 as thorn in body, jH mul-non; — vb. t. to 
 wrap up, to roll up as in paper, cloth, 
 or the cloth itself diim mid tek to wrap 
 up and place by clothes; l&p-sd miil to 
 wrap up in leaf; md-ro miil fat to be 
 dead "wrapped up in clothes or lying 
 hurried or hid" Tbr.; Id-vo miil-ndn the 
 moon is hid. 
 
294 
 
 mul-dit kun — mun 
 
 mun — mun 
 
 mul-dit kun s. a tree, Garuga pinnataWtt. 
 
 -mu i. q. -mo q. v. 
 
 *mu-tik T. mu-tig, Skt. muktd 1. s. a 
 pearl M. 138., mu-tik com s. a small p. 
 mu-tik lyak s. a necklace of p.'s; mu-tik 
 fok s. a wreath of p.'s; wM-tik-sd-kon s. 
 a p. -earring mu-tik-sd a-gyit s. the off- 
 spring of king; mu-tik lam vb. to string 
 pearls 2. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 mu-Sfn s. yoke see mo-sin. 
 
 muk adj. 1. T. rmugs{-pa) foggy, misty, 
 overclouded so muk cloudy weather, muk 
 zii s. thick fog, muk zu-niin ml vb. to be 
 wetted by the fog ; — 7nuk muk s. dulness, 
 darkness, muk muk li vb. to become dull. 
 
 muk 2. s. bushwood, weeds, rubbish of 
 any sort M. 137. W. 72. tarn muk id.; 
 muk juk small plants, muk fon greens; 
 muk ddr weeds to spring up, itiuk-nun 
 nan- fat to be overgrown with weeds: 
 muk nor vb. to clear away rubbish, muk 
 md Tnal md dat md fyaii md-ro do tin 
 weeds are neither dibbled, sown nor 
 planted, they sprout of themselves, muk 
 pyok vb. to clear away rubbish, li-ka muk 
 a-gyap sok da p'yo-mo bH di-liin pyok dd 
 the house is very dirty, bring a broom 
 and sweep it. muk tsun dydn vb. to take 
 up rubbish and fling it away. 
 
 mun, mun-ma s. 1. an evil spirit, a demon, 
 also i. q. wi-dd Skt. preta P. 2. *the evil 
 principle, the devil T. bdud ?TTT P. opp. 
 Buddha, Padmasambhava, 3.thedevil Chr. 
 opp. rum, mun-nun mat-ha Id-yo ayok zuk 
 fat the evil action was committed thro' 
 the influence of an evil spirit; mun-sd 
 a-hl6k worse than an evil spirit; riim-ka 
 cin-bo riim-miin dii-so mun-ka cin-bo m/un- 
 nun dii-so the person who has God in his 
 heart, God will take unto himself, the p. 
 who h. the devil etc.; rnun-mik md-si-nimi- 
 bo s. said of a sick person unwell but 
 cannot see the m.; mun-sd a-mydl-niin 
 mat-ba thro' skill in casting out evil spirits 
 mun klon to i. q. mun mat-to; mun pld- 
 n6n the evil spirit to depart out of person ; 
 mun mat to vb. to cause to be possessed 
 by evil spirit caused by bon-fin, miin and 
 
 miin-fap; mun mi vb. to be affected by 
 evil spirit in sleep, to have the night- 
 mare, incubus, muii mi nan or t&am vb. 
 to have the incubus, mun mi-iaa pd-cak 
 mak-non-ne on having the nightmare he 
 almost died; mun mi-lUn da-ba a-yu su 
 mat kd-siim md-si-niin-d when I had the 
 nightmare why did you not awaken me; 
 mun tsuk vb. to be bit or preyed on by 
 evil spirit; mun tsok vb. to ward off evil 
 spirit, mun tsok-siim-bo s. an amulet for 
 warding off evil spirit; viun zuk vb. to 
 exorcise evil spirit, mun zuk-ka lem vb. 
 to be skilful in casting out evil spirit, 
 mun ryak vb. to cast out evil spirit, mun- 
 niin vyik vb. to be possessed of Mara P., 
 mun von evil spirit to enter into person, 
 mun von-da-bo s. one possessed of evil 
 spirit; mun s6t\h. to kill evil spirit which 
 is done by enticing him into a vessel of 
 blood and then shutting him in and bury- 
 ing him and by other means also; mun 
 suk vb. to be possessed of evil spirit or 
 evil spirit to enter into person. — 4. evil, 
 devilish, like a demon T. sdig-pa, bdud- 
 Id dhan bsgyur-ba; muA nyin s. a deadly 
 poison, mun mAk sim-bo like a m. said of 
 tiger etc., mun-ld adv. devilish. 
 
 Comp. mun-dd ace. W. fr. mww a demon 
 "■^mon-do" n. pr. of a lake in Sikhim 
 W. 61. — mun-dor s. a spec, boletus (not 
 edible). — Ttiun nop s. a spec, of wood- 
 louse. — mun bon s. power of evil spirit, 
 mun b&n-ka tsibt-non to fall into the power 
 of mMn. — mun sUt s. the ceremony of 
 waving a fowl round a sick man as an 
 offering to evil spirit done in exorcising. 
 mun a-so s. influence of evil spirit, mun- 
 nun a-so pot vb. to be possessed by evil 
 spirit. — mun-sdk s. a bug. — lUk-kyo 
 mun see lUk-kyo. See no mun. 
 
 mun 2 mun see mun 1 ? and muk vb. n. 
 to be overclouded as sky, mind, to be 
 overcast, see also under mik krap — so 
 mun cloudy weather. — Cfr. T. mun-pa. 
 
 tUn-jer mun id. q. so mun. 
 
 mun 3. (see mul and T. smug-po) re- 
 duplic. mUn-mun adj. brown. 
 
muh ta-rydn— meA 
 
 met— mo 
 
 295 
 
 mun ta-rydn kun tek name of tree, a spec, 
 of figtree. 
 
 mun suh-hio rfp s. n. of a plant M. 
 
 mun see mun. 
 
 mun vb. n. to become undone as string 
 etc., to become unravelled, rumpled; un- 
 fixed as language etc. 
 
 mup vb. n. to swarm, to be in numbers, 
 as man beasts, insects, muf zwm vb. to 
 assemble in crowds. 
 
 mum-pun-tyaiis. aspec. of woodpecker? M. 
 
 mum-dor see tvr-mum-dor. 
 
 mur-mi s. the tract of country, inhabited 
 by the mur-mi-mo who are found in fell 
 parts of the Nepal mountains from the 
 Gandak river 20 miles W. of Kathmandu 
 to the Mechi whence in smaller number 
 they are to be met with as far east as 
 the Tista. The great bulk however is to 
 be found between the valley of Nepal 
 and Doodkoosi. They settle on the moun- 
 tain tops at elevations from 4 to 6000 feet 
 and rear large flocks of sheeps and goats 
 at great elevations near the snow. — mur- 
 mi-mo s. the inhabitants of mur-mi. 
 
 mul (see Tnuk, mwfi) mul-ld mul-ld (hr6n 
 or di^ (to rise or come) in thick clouds 
 as fog, smoke. — md-mul adj. brown, 
 purple. 
 
 me 1. adv. (cfr. T. ma), me-d, me-ba 
 there below (distant), me-bi there below 
 (less distant than me-ba), me-lom like that 
 down there, me-lon in that direction, 
 down there, me-lo-ld, me-lol-ld id., me-re 
 that there below M. 72. 
 
 me 2. adv. here, used to show or call 
 a person's attention to anything. 
 
 *me, ziim, me T. mal see zum s. a 
 mattress for sleeping on. See mal. 
 
 me-ca s. the Mechi inhabitants of the 
 forest-portion of the Tarai, stretching 
 along the base of mountains from the 
 Konki-river to the Brahmaputra. 
 
 * me-lon T. me-lon s. a mirror, a look- 
 ing-glass, me-lon-ka ndk 1. vb. to look at 
 ones'self in looking-glass, 2. to divine. 
 
 men adj. faint sound (as from a distance) 
 — men men or miin, men adj. indistinct 
 
 as sound, men men fyo vb. to hear in- 
 distinctly, men men U vb. to be heard 
 speaking from a distance, m^n-nd m£n lik 
 vb. to call indistinctly, men-nd men li (for 
 speach) to grow faint. 
 
 met 1. s. dust see rd-met un. 
 
 *met 2. T. med (to be not; wanting, 
 without etc.) *dok met T. bdag-med with- 
 out a master, *u-met see *u. — met mat 
 vb. to erase, to expunge, to annihilate, 
 to despise, to contemn J. — in L. vb. t. 
 to abate as price, gon met. 
 
 *men T. smin (-pa) cfr. L. mdn, mydn 
 to be ripe; boiled, zo men boiled rice 
 M. 131. 
 
 *men 6u T. sman cu s. medicinal waters. 
 
 mel, a-mel see Tnyel, a-myel. 
 
 -mo i. q. -bo the so-called article in tuk- 
 mo, td-mo, nap-7no, kat-mo i. q. kat etc. 
 q. q. V. T. -pa, -po, -ba; — 2. by affixing- 
 mo (for males, in opp. to mit for females) 
 nouns may be formed denoting a person 
 of any place, nation, tribe or caste, 
 profession or a follower of, sd-g6n-mo s. 
 a domestic servant; tin mo s. an inhabitant 
 of the plains; ren-jun-mo s. an inhabitant 
 of Sikhim; pdt-mo a Tibetan M. 102. T. 
 -po (-mo); — 3. the ordinal number (of 
 han only) han-mo the first; — 4. see 
 mo, a-mo. 2. 
 
 mo, a-mo T. mo s. mother, opp. ku-p, 
 a-kiip; woman, female opp. bo, a-bo q. v. 
 hon. yam T. yum — see also a-mot; a- 
 mit ; — a-mo mak-bo md-ro a person whose 
 mother is dead. — kd-sv.-sd a-bo sd a-mo 
 mak-non-bo nydt rum-lyan tsdt-kon-nd-o 
 let me deceased parents go to Sukhavati 
 a-mo a-kup a female child. — mo lun mim 
 tsom a mother to be left a widow; — 
 mo gan s. the relationsship of the wives 
 of brothers, sisters by marriage; mx)-gye 
 s. a compensation to injured wife, paid 
 by parents of the wife with whom the 
 husband has had connexion, po-gye paid 
 by parents of husband to wife; — mo 
 cum i. q. mo-lo; — mo ce kiip s. an only 
 daughter, opp. bo ce kvp s. an only son; 
 — iiw-ndn s. a female who has reached 
 
296 
 
 'mo— mon 
 
 tnon-jap- 
 
 -mdn 
 
 the highest point of youth and commen- 
 cing to descend to the senile rate M. 26 ; 
 mo WW s. mother and child; — mo-fyon 
 s. family on mothers side; — mo bo s. 
 parents; mother and father; — mo-lo s. 
 a step-mother litly. a mother by courtesy; 
 a-zom um-bo mo-lo-ka bin md-td-ne no 
 one likes to give the best morsel to a 
 step-mother; — mo sun-mo s. a sister J., 
 a female cousin, M. 26. — 2. the prin- 
 cipal of money (opp. to a-kuf inter- 
 est) capital, hwp-mo capital and interest, 
 crop, a-mo a-kup the usual crop, a-mo 
 kup-z6n a great crop; — a great thing, 
 great, the greatest, rin a-mo mat I6t 
 pld the dispute is renewed with increased 
 ardour; -mo affixed gives signification of 
 large U-mo s. a great house. — tyan-m.o 
 see tyan. — run nyit un mo the great r. 
 Rungeet opp. r. ny. un kup the little R. — 
 very, most ti-mo very large, the chief, 
 mun-mo the ch. Miin; — 4. a consonant 
 opp. kup Gr. M. 1. 
 
 Deriv. t'am-mo s. anything very great, 
 a king, an elephant, etc. Tbr. ; fam-mo 
 brut s. "the great irruption" the small- 
 pox vb. fam-mi brut Tbr. — See wa- 
 in comp. 
 
 *nio T. rma, rmo{-ba) vb. to plough, 
 *mo ce T. rrno byed i. q. mo Ur'i; *m,o ca 
 T. rmo ca s. ploughshare ; mo-tun ci (old 
 Lepcha, Tbr., P.) a Lepcha ace. M. fr. 
 T. rmodma byed "that does not plough ; 
 mo sin T. rmo sin s. a plough; — sin mo 
 vb. to plough *sin mo pa ploughed land 
 T. sin rmos-pa. 
 
 mo see pur-mo mould. 
 
 (mo mit), dan mo mit ace. W. '■'■dang 
 mo mith" Psarisomus dalhousiae R. 206. 
 
 mok 1. vb. t. to store up; see also mop. 
 
 mok 2. vb. t. to ferment ci mok; — a- 
 mok s. 1. a large quantity of spirit (ci) 
 put to ferment. 2. any sauce put to ve- 
 getables or food when eating. 
 
 mok-zu s. a spec, of necklace M. 
 
 mon, mon vb. n. to be quiet, to be 
 silent, mon td-ryiim-md silent as a deserted 
 desolated place; mon-ld non vb. n. to be- 
 
 come silent, to cease from noise; mon- 
 ld mat-td be quiet. See also mvon. 
 
 moii-jap s. tweezers, nippers M. T. 
 ''jab-fse. 
 
 mon abbrev. from mo-niin e. c. so-nap 
 mon i. q. {so-')nap-mo-nun. 
 
 mon turn (Yakt'um-ba w.) s. a story, a 
 legend, a history. 
 
 mop vb. t. to gather together, to place 
 in a heap, pur-dO, mop to gather ashes 
 together. 
 
 mom mom the motion of jaws when 
 eating, mom mom fdm bam. See mam. 
 
 (mol) mal-ld mol-ld struggling in 
 wrestling, mal-ld mol-ld-Mn kyom. 
 
 *md 1. T. ma vb. n. to be low, m6-ld 
 mat vb. to abuse, to degrade, mdk-ka mo- 
 ld zdk vb. to hit below the target; — 
 mo-bam-bo adj. s. lying low, also low in 
 rank i. q. a-mo, a-md-bo re the one below. 
 
 *m(5 2. T. ma s. stock, capital. 
 
 *md 3. T. rme{-ba), rma s. mark, sign; 
 a cut, a wound, a hurt, a sore zdr-sd mo 
 the print of the nails J.; too md-nyin-nd 
 mak vb. to die without a wound. 
 
 mdk vb. n. to be exhausted, to be ex- 
 pended, to be worn out, to come to an 
 end, to perish, fam gvn-nd mok-non 
 everything to be exhausted; a-ldn kd-sd 
 mlo Hon giin-nd mdk-non-ne-yam-o now 
 all my gathered wealth goes to an end 
 P.; cet mok strength to be exhausted, 
 grdn (sak-lyaK) mok hope (anger) to be 
 exhausted, mok-sd md-nyin-ne or md- 
 mok-niin imperishable, eternal J. — vb. 
 t. to expend, mdk-bo s. 1. one who ex- 
 hausts 2. an exhausted thing. 
 
 mdii 1. s. millet, species of m. : mow 
 kiip, m6n td-lep, mon dol, mon pap; m6n 
 fyen, m/>n-mo etc. — mon klyot vb. to 
 pound millet; mon no vb. to boil millet; 
 mon edit vb. to wash m., Tnon jam fo vb. 
 to soak m.; vion zo vuk vb. to be con- 
 fused in speach Tbr.; mon mok vb. to 
 set m. to ferment; mon Idk to vb. to lay 
 by m. after it is dry; mdn lo vb. to lay 
 out m. to dry. — mdn ci millet-beer; 
 The millet when brought from the field, 
 
mdn— mdn 2. 
 
 "mdn— mdt 
 
 297 
 
 is laid out for two or three days to dry, 
 it is then thrashed and the grain (mdn 
 hyu) is soaked for a day in water (or 
 with the ear). It is then taken out and 
 pounded, to cleanse it of husk etc. and 
 washed. It is then sometimes powdered 
 to a meal and eaten in that state, or if 
 intended for ci (q. v.) is taken and boiled; 
 it is then strained of its water, laid out 
 to cool. After which a little yeast is 
 added (made from rice and flavoured with 
 a little cinnamon and spice) and left to 
 ferment. At the end of about two days 
 the saccharine fermentation ceases, it is 
 then placed in baskets in a warm place 
 by the fire or which is considered better, 
 in the smoke over the fire, where the 
 spirituous fermentation takes place; in 
 two or three days it is ready for use. — 
 mon for millet before it gets ripe; mdn 
 for zo gdn blya fo-re z6n pld if you eat 
 unripe millet, it will (cause sores to) issue 
 out as if (or as completely as if) smeared 
 over with it; — mdn dyap pounded millet, 
 millet-meal td-i; — mdn bri early millet; 
 — ifnon-mo the usual crop ; — mon a-pyon 
 s. an ear of millet; — mon-ka but potYh. 
 to put yeast to mdn, to make it ferment; 
 mdn Idp vydl bam vb. "to shake like a 
 leaf" to be drunk Tbr. ; — mdn-sap-bo 
 s. blood Tbr. — mow nyo muk s. a spec, 
 of cdk-li bi q. v.; mdn ndn rip s. a spec, 
 of plant M. 
 
 mdn 2. cfr. T. rman-lam s. a dream 
 M. 135, hon. nal-ldm. q. v.; mdii mydn vb. 
 to dream a dream (cfr. Conrady, indo- 
 chinesische Causativ-denominativ Bildung 
 Lpzg.l896p.81*); mdn bup-ndn the dream 
 has proved false; mdn ryu vb. to have a 
 good dream; mdn-ka mi-len gydk_\h. to 
 be thoroughly bewildered; mdn-ka Idm 
 vb. to walk in sleep, mdn-ka Idm-bo s. a 
 somnambulist; mdn-ka si vb. to' see in 
 dream; mdn kydn vb. to have a confused, 
 inexplicable dream; mdn fan i. q. mdn se; 
 to have a clear distinct dream, which 
 afterwards proves true; mdn dydm nak vb. 
 to wait to see the result of dream; mdn 
 
 frdn vb. to tell dream ; mdn mydr or myer) 
 vb. to see in dream, to have a vision in 
 sleep; a-gydn-sd mdn mydr s. a super- 
 natural dream, a vision; mdn mydr si-re 
 zdn to appear as a dream; mdn se to have 
 a clear distinct dream which afterwards 
 proves true. — mdn tdt s. the indications 
 of dream, mdn tdt mat vb. to note the 
 indications of dream; mdn tdt sd-lo nyi- 
 wim-gd what are the indications of the 
 dream; mdn tdt fyak vb. to understand 
 the indications; m,dn tdt dyer dun vb. to 
 interpret the indications. — m4n lit s. a 
 supernatural dream, mdn lit mydn vb. to 
 dream a supernatural dream; — mdn ayer 
 s. the interpretation of dream, mdn dyer 
 diin vb. to interpret dream. 
 
 Denom. mydn vb. to dream. 
 
 *mdn 3. T. man(-po) adv. much, many, 
 s. a number, a flock, a crowd; mi mdn 
 a multitude J. ; mdn-bo s. id. ; J. -sd mdn- 
 bo-ka a-lom dUn-nd speak ye unto all the 
 congregation of J. Ex.; advly. used in s. 
 of surplus, more e. c. kd-ti fd-li mdn ten 
 and four more. 
 
 (mdn 4) tHk-mdn or tUn-mdn a. a prop 
 for burden, tuk-mdn tdp s. id., tuk-mdn 
 tdp-niin tdp vb. to support with t; tiir- 
 mdn ak vb. to take away the prop; a 
 Lepcha riddle: tin-niin pdt-lyan sdn te a- 
 dyan kd-ta-sd ndn-bo: su gd a traveller 
 went from the plains (of India) to Tibet 
 on one leg, how was it so? 
 
 mdt 1, a-mdt s. the female of animals 
 opp. a-ba, (see a-mif) affixed like mit to 
 express the gender, hik-mdt s. a hen; mdn- 
 mdt s. a sow M. 24; sometimes also to 
 the terms for female human beings td- 
 dyii-mdt i. q. td-dyii-mit, kd-sH td-dyii mdt 
 b.-miim ndk-kd behold my maid B. G. — 
 2. the lower millstone, lUn-tdk mdt; 
 — 3. the bottom of anything; — 4. a 
 coin jer a-mdt a gold-coin : 20 Rs. — See 
 also mdn nyln sUn do s. v. mdn 2. 
 
 mdt 2. s. an insect that feeds on smw- 
 kri, sim-kri mdt. 
 
 mdt 3. vb. to vomit, mdt nydn id.; mdt- 
 sd si zdn nydn vb. to feel as if one would 
 
 19* 
 
298 
 
 mdt-td— *mdn 
 
 mdp— *m(5r 
 
 sick; a-do rin mdt-sd zon nyon tat-non-ne 
 your sickening language disgusts me. — 
 a-mdt s. vomit, a-mot-ka mi'yul to wallow 
 in vomit (a hell P.) 
 
 mdt-td s. consultation, a meeting to con- 
 sult on any matter, a council, mot-to mat 
 vb. to consult, kat kat sd mdt-to mat to 
 consult together one with the other, mot- 
 to mat si tet md-ro zum (people) to as- 
 semble to consult. 
 
 mdn 1. s. a pig, niim-nur-mo Tbr., T. 
 pag; the name of the 12. th cycle ot 
 year: mon nam M. 141. — mon-gu s. an old 
 sow that has had youngs, a matur- 
 ed sow ; mon gu sdk s. a species of fern 
 see mun-gu, mon gu sdk mun-byim s. a 
 species of grass, mon-gu sim-pup tun-krok 
 s. species of fern; — mon-jut-bo s. a 
 breeder of pigs; — mon tdn s. a bulky 
 boar; — mon pap fom-bo s. a castrated 
 boar; — mon-ho s. a boar M. 27; — mon- 
 mi s. a young sow, a s. that has not had 
 youngs M. 26.; mon-mot s. a sow, mon-mot 
 san s. a barren s.; — mon-tsii s. a boar 
 M. 25. mon bii vb. to commit sodomy, 
 mon tsu or mon bu mat, mon tsu mat; — 
 mon-lyen s. a virgin sow; — mon nek s. 
 the call to a pig; — mon sop vb. (pig) 
 to snort. 
 
 Comp. mon td-dyu/i iiik s. lard; — mon 
 td-dyun tii s.; (litly. the evil effects of 
 a piggish or dirty stomach,) small pimples 
 in face Tbr. see ndii-rdm, nd-nram; — 
 mdn (nd-^fdr s. the snout of pig, mon 
 nd-tdr-sd nor s. to root out with snout; 
 — mdn-mdn s. pork; — mora zo po-don 
 
 1. s. a pig's trough made from bamboo; 
 
 2. pudendum muliebre Tbr.; — mdn sut 
 s. the fat of pig, the lard; — mon tuk- 
 ts6n species of mun ayep q. v. 
 
 *m6n 2. T. sman s. medicine, drugs, 
 spices; mon-nun md-Ku-ne not in the 
 power of m., incurable; mo a-tim-ka mon 
 a-gyap tap m,6 a-cum-ka mon a-cum fap 
 ■" on a large wound place much medicine, 
 on a small wound little" a proverb, im- 
 plying to let every thing accord with each 
 other; pd-dn tem-sdn mdn s. a binding m.; 
 
 so 61 pld-sdn mon s. a diaphoretic m. ; 
 mon Ho md-nyin-niim-bo a worthless me- 
 dicine; mdn pdn-ydm-bo s. a salutary m.; 
 mdn zdn-bo s. effective, potent m.; mdn 
 se pap s. a cathartic, a drastic dose; mdn 
 kd fdm-bo s. a decoction; mdn ju fdm-bo 
 s. distilled m.; mdn un s. a liquid m.; 
 mdnjdi' vb. to mixmedicine, to prepare m.; 
 mdn fap vb. to apply m. externally; mdn 
 tyam vb. to take m.; mdn zdk vb. to 
 take effect (as medicine) or to be under 
 the effect of m. ; mdn zo vb. to take me- 
 dicine not liquid, mdn tdn to take liquid 
 m.; mdn sit vb. to apply externally as 
 salve; — mora Jce-bo, or. rather mrfra zuk 
 Ke-bo s. one skilled in medicine; mdnydm- 
 bo s. one acquainted with medicine; mdn 
 ydn s. doctor's fee; mdn ul-bo s. a drug- 
 gist; mdn-jim s. the doctor's fee; mdn nyin 
 sUn do s. a stone of which there are two 
 descriptions a-iw which is red, a-md< which 
 is white, it is powdered and used as an 
 emetic; mdn td-i s. a powder; mdn plydk 
 s. a pill, mdn plydk yop hyul vb. to swallow 
 pill; mdn pd-tek s. a medicine-bottle. — 
 grain, seed, see under kd-cer. 
 
 Deriv. — a-mdn a. a grain of corn with 
 husk on, in opp. to a-hyii q. cfr., a single 
 thing one; a-tsdm man a single hair. 
 
 mdp vb. to stuff into mouth M. 143, 
 to cram into mouth, zo mdp; zo ki-lUn 
 mdp V. to stuff into mouth trying to take 
 more than one's share, a-bon-ka sO, md 
 su zo mdp vb, to cram into mouth as 
 much as it will possibly hold. 
 
 mdm 1, a-mdm adj. coarse (as cloth), 
 clumsy (as work), mdm advbly.: incom- 
 plete Lat. sub. W. 61, s. in eating that 
 which falls to the ground, the crumbs 
 e. c. zo a-m^m zo; what is left after 
 eating or drinking e. c. ci a-mdm 1m. 
 
 (mdm 2,) tur-mdm s. the hazzy atmo- 
 sphere in warm weather. 
 
 * mdr 1. T. mar s. butter Tbr. mik-kym', 
 met. soft, gentle, boh-niin mor zdn a-liit- 
 sd-gdn-kaju zdn soft words but a sarcastic 
 heart; md-rd a-lut mdr-re zdn-bo s. a gentle 
 person; mdr sit-re zdn-sd rin soft, gentle 
 
mdr— mya 
 
 myat — myam 
 
 299 
 
 language; mor sit rifi dot go-run a-krim 
 rin dot go-run kd-ta to me (your) kind 
 or bitter language is all the same; — 
 td-dyu nyen mor dak s. callosity of the 
 breasts as from not being relieved of the 
 milk; — *'m,6r Jcu T. mar Icu s. melted 
 butter; OToV Am zo'/i like melted butter, said 
 of good ci; mor kd tom-bo or mor mydn 
 or morju s. melted butter, ghi, also mor 
 ju tom-bo; mor ru s. stale butter, mdrruSom 
 stale, stinking butter; mor dl fresh butter. 
 — mor ti tap fo s. a bird, white-capped 
 ("buttercapped") redstart Chimarrh- 
 ornis leucocephalus K. 217. M. — mor 
 tok s. a vessel for holding butter; mor mi 
 s. a lamp supplied with butter. — mor 
 kyo tam-blyok s. a spec, of butterfly black 
 with blue spots underneath; mor tam-blyok 
 s. another spec, white marked with black 
 lines. 
 
 mdr 2. a spec, of nUm-dak. 
 
 mdr 3. adj. facile, kd mor handicraft. 
 
 mdl vb. n. to deteriorate, to fade as 
 colour dUm mol-ld non the colouring of 
 the cloth has faded, to fade or die away 
 as the words of a person who commences 
 to speak distinctly and finishes off by 
 muttering or mumbling, to fade away, to 
 become gradually changed or altered as 
 language rin mol-ld li; to become dull 
 as ban when tarnished and blunt; ban 
 mol-ld Idt the ban cuts bluntly; — a-mol 
 s. the spot effected by poison, as in the wood 
 of poisoned arrow. — See sol-Id mol-ld. 
 
 mya-a, a-mya-a (see also mydm) pron. 
 that there below cfr. me etc. 
 
 mya 1. vb. to allow to die or to cause 
 to die, hik myd to let a fowl die i. e. of 
 a natural death, not to kill it, md-ro md- 
 myd-nun do not let the man die, ho-niin 
 mi myd you have let the fire go out. 
 
 mya 2. vb. to asservate, to make solemn 
 affirmation, ryak myd-luh li vb. to swear, 
 to take oath to anything, kd-siim sd-ron 
 ryak myd bo-6 un ku-niin hum ryak myd 
 byi-lUn hu-do num-fran gyen dy.-ka iil-byi- 
 fat swear to me this day; and he swore unto 
 him and he sold his birthright unto J. G. 
 
 myat 1. vb. to do anything persistently, 
 to be pertinaceous, to be contumaceous, 
 dyok mydt-ld mat vb. to work persistently, 
 to be inexorable, rin-ka mydt to brawl 
 contumaciously. 
 
 myat 2. vb. to have anything fly into 
 or strike the eye to excite the most sen- 
 sitive part. 
 
 myan see mdn. 
 
 myap vb. to squat, to cover down, to 
 huddle one's self up, kun-ka mydp nan 
 dp vb. to fire squatting behind a tree. 
 
 myam pron. (see myd) that thing down 
 there o-re mydm,. 
 
 myam, a-myam adj. picked, cleansed, 
 cotton ki mydm not carded ok q. v. 
 
 myam vb. t. to put mouth to, opp. dm 
 to put to mouth, a-bon pd-cak fdt mydm 
 non the mouth almost touched the ground. 
 
 mydm: mik \mydn by guess, without 
 seeing M. 
 
 myar vb. n. to be obscure, so mydr 
 shades of evening. 
 
 myal see myel. 
 
 mya, mya-m vb. t. to be versed in, to 
 be diligent, & mya to be versed in books, 
 rin-ka mya to be versed in languages; — 
 to be devoted, to be employed, Id-yo mya 
 to be devoted to evil; — to have in room 
 of, hd do-sd lam su mya td-ydm-o what 
 can we have that will compensate us for 
 our loss? — mya-ld adv. diligently, de- 
 votedly, mya-ld mat or zuk to be diligent, 
 to work diligently. — myam-bo or mya- 
 nyim-bo adj. a diligent person, a sage; 
 md-myam-bo idle, illiterate. — a-myam 
 a-flim adj. potent, mighty. 
 
 myak vb. n. to be silent, myak-kHn nan 
 vb. to remain silent, not to answer, myak- 
 non to be silent not to answer. 
 
 myan vb. to mew as cat or rather the 
 mewing of cat, as a-lyu myan myan lik 
 bam the cat is mewing; si myan s. a cat 
 Tbr. 
 
 myaii^ka-ra rik s. a plant, Menispermum 
 canadense? 
 
 myan see man. 
 
 myam see mya. 
 
300 
 
 myam— myuk 
 
 myum — ^•myoii 
 
 myam vb. n. to be rotten M., a-myam 
 adj. rotten. 
 
 myar: mi/ar-ld n&n vb. to prowl about. 
 
 myal also myel vb. n. to be coTered 
 with; to be armed, hrop myal to wear 
 armour, — a-mi/al and a-im/el s. the coyer- 
 ing for the body, the hair on body; wool, 
 feathers, armour, a-myal dyon dyon long 
 shaggy hair; a-myal kd-gul-ld short hair; 
 a-viyal gok ndn to become mangy, a-myal 
 lin to become fledged; mi md-nyin-nd 
 gdn a-myal Un-ho without fire, man would 
 become a savage, litly. hair would grow 
 over body, kd-sit num E. md-ro a-myal 
 rn/im-bo giim un go hyel hyel-ho gmn E. 
 my brother is a hairy man, and I am a 
 smooth man G. nOm-fran-bo re pak-kd a- 
 myal a-hyir nyi-ld a-myal ko rJ/J pid the 
 first came out red, all over like a haiiy 
 garment Gr. 
 
 myi-ra myi-ra ace. il. gently, uA myi-rd 
 myi-rd »w». 
 
 myil vb. t. to wind, as string etc., md- 
 zii-ka dim myii wind the cloth round my 
 body. 
 
 myil (cfr. min, a-m/n') adv. down, below, 
 myilsd md-ro a person of the low country; 
 myilsd lya/i the low country: — 'myil'kut 
 vb. to bend down; myil rian vb. to sit 
 down; in^? nan vb. to press down, to 
 oppress; myil it&A vb. to go down, to 
 descend; myil mat vb. to lower; myil 
 mo-l'i mat vb. to debase; myil hra vb. to 
 pull down: — miiil.-ld i. q. myil; under. 
 less then e. c. kd-ti-Hun myil-Id less than 
 ten. — iihyil-li myil-ld far far down below. 
 miyil kon, myil van adv. downwards. See 
 il. Crr. 7 "2 — o and me: 'myd. 
 
 myfl, na-myit-^ dark, tawney. md-r'?-s<d 
 md-:u mti-myil-ld a man of tawney eolonr. 
 See mfulf md-wtuL 
 
 ntfak vb. n. to plunge under water, to 
 dip, to be Slink J., kul-dyek-ka f'':->hn 
 myuk 10 dive head foremost: un-ka my&k 
 vb. to pluage or dip a rhing under water; 
 met. to be concealed, rin myiik concealed 
 matter. — ~''.x-o>yhk or 'i''/i.-rn:r''i: s. i ciive. 
 a plunge, tuk-myuk mat L q. myik vb. 
 
 myum, miTn see pur-myum, 
 
 myu, a-myu expletive to a-s6p. 
 
 myup vb. t. to heap up, to store up, zo 
 myup tyok to lay up store for bad times. 
 See m(yp. 
 
 myur, myur-la adv. disappearing under, 
 myur-ld kryak vb. to have foot sunk into 
 (as mud), a-dyan fat nok-ka hryak-lun 
 myur-ld n&n having trod on a bog to dis- 
 appear under, myur-ld myuk vb. to dis- 
 appear under water etc.. as hand, body. 
 
 mye, mye-ba etc. see under me. 
 
 myet, 1. a-^myet s. whatever is eaten 
 with rice, 2. to eat with rice, as zo-rn 
 myetSo I shall eat it with rice zo-myet, 
 mdn-sd myet, no-sd myet, fo-m myet. 
 
 myet s. thatching-lath, inyet fap derm 
 vb. to lay and fasten down thateliiBg-laths. 
 
 myen: iak myen s. lice. nilB M. 
 
 myer see myar. 
 
 myer vb. to spy. to scout to see, as in 
 vision: mye^--M Idm rb- ii: yiril along; 
 myer-bo s. a spy. 
 
 myel or myal 1. vb. t: fe sjcfileii in, 
 a-iRyel or a-myel a-'j6m '--'jimm} i- -JfTTT in 
 casting out evil spirirs. ^—'^^ rr-mKvn inow- 
 ledge. virtue, power of tt^ -^^^ '^iwi-nd 
 I, T. rig, db..:''i.-m'?og. a-i a_5<: i-prem 
 
 a-<io and md-ntm uid-i«k P. — .i-lutsil 
 a-rnyd delight of the heart. — :?. i. q. 
 myal q. v. 
 
 myo 1., a-myo s. a laj^f ef bTi.ki. a 
 course of work; a-"iyo-v:zn t\k to com- 
 plete one layer or c- arse, i-m^ mmt (lek 
 along crack in earth, whatever :s broken, 
 the whole of its length. — Jowi mygi s. 
 manner. Urn myo :.'k s. the effect o>i the 
 manner, \6 l&m -myo ..i-o? :6A rw.i.- is this 
 the way you do yoiir work? is this voor 
 manner of proceeding? 
 
 myo -. vb. n. to be left mid: isiied. to 
 be defective as work il. See nxtder ; n. 
 
 *myon T. my(m(^bii^ vb, a. to happen, 
 10 occur, go kwm tstlrn md-rnyo/i-ne I have 
 never happened to meet him, go iim m&- 
 myo-k-ne I never saw ^it"". — vb- to be 
 skilie'i in, to be e3:perien<:e'.l in, to be 
 aeenstomed to, to be habitiLired to, to 
 
mydk— mrdn 
 
 mryul — miem 
 
 301 
 
 know by experience, bu tsuk \myon vb. to 
 have the experience of being bitten by 
 a snake. — myon-ho one versed in — ; 
 myon-ld adv. skilfully M. 75 hii bun myon- 
 bo re bu bu-wun-sd md-zu md-ddk-nd-so 
 the carrying a load will not hurt the body 
 of a person accustomed to it; sd-fdn Mm 
 myon-bo tuk-blo hryu U-wun-sd sd-lyon mat 
 sd-ryen mat the person experienced in a 
 tiger i. e. one who may have received an 
 inspiration from a tiger) on seeing the 
 dead leaf of a wild plantain starts and 
 trembles thro' fear. 
 
 mydk s. a bridegroom J., a son-in-law 
 M. 26, myok-ka klon vb. to marry son or 
 send him to marry, myok-ka bam vb. to 
 live with parents or relations of wife, 
 mydk mat vb. to connect one's self in mar- 
 riage with, myok-sd mat id., mydk-nwm s. 
 elder brother of son-in-law; mydk-nom s. 
 elder sister of son-in-law; myok-ayen s. 
 younger brother or sister of son-in-law. 
 
 mydn 1.: mik mydn s. the eye-brow. 
 
 mydn 2. vb. to revolve in mind, my&n 
 fuk vb. to reason in the mind, to weigh. — 
 mydn don vb. to take revenge, a-bo mydn 
 don to revenge father's death. 
 
 mydii kut-fo s. a spec, of ground-thrush. 
 
 tnydt vb. (see m.o, myiim, mim, mydiiri) 
 to become rotten, decayed, worn out, md- 
 myot-ld, mut-myot-ld i. q. td-dur decayed; 
 pains in body, td-dur md-myot-ld nun or li. 
 
 mydn vb. to forget M. 133, kd-sum md- 
 myon-nd mat-bdn not forgetting me, md- 
 myon-nd sak-cin-ka to vb. to lay up in 
 memory, hu-sd sak-cin myon-non to forget 
 all about him; — my6n-ydm,-bo s. a for- 
 getful person. 
 
 mydn caus. of mon q. v. 
 
 mran, 1. mrdn-nd mrdn-nd swarming 
 (men, insects etc.), 2. sd-mrdn thin. 
 
 mril vb. n. to become clotted as hair, 
 to become shrunk together, to be con- 
 tracted together. 
 
 mroh-la i. q. mon-ld quiet, mroti-ld non 
 to become quiet. 
 
 mrdn, mrdn-nd mrdn-nd vague as sight 
 or as thing that appears to the sight. 
 
 flimey, thin as cloth, cloud, see mrdn. — 
 mryon caus. of mrdn, a-mrydn: nd-mor-ci 
 mok a-mrydn Idm di-ydn-d (said to woman) 
 will you come along (clandestinely). 
 
 mryul vb. to wallow in, to be bespat- 
 tered with. 
 
 mlam s. shoots, which sprout from stump 
 of tree or stalk po mlam, mlam tsun vb. 
 to cut shoots. 
 
 mie see mlem, mle-ryum-bo Tbr. for sd- 
 hu q. V. M. 132. 
 
 mlem, a-mlem s. face hon. h-don T. 
 zal-gdon; a-do mlem lydt si-ban go gd-ban 
 mak-so having once more seen your face 
 I shall die happy; a-mlem a-do zap-td fie 
 up on you ; a-mlemmd- nyin-num-bo a sham e- 
 less person; a-mlem kru vb. to be ruddy; 
 a-mlem myil-ld gap vb. to hang down the 
 head; a-mlem md-gd-num-bo s. an un- 
 pleasant-looking countenance; a-mlem 
 gyam vb. to be bashful, a-mlem grop vb. 
 to cover face with hands, a-mlem glo vb. 
 to be ashamed, to be put to shame, a- 
 mlem ndk vb. 1. to welcome 2. to look 
 to, to trust in, to look up to, a-mlem a- 
 mlem zdn ndk vb. to look at one another 
 face to face, a-mlem ndk-bo ryu a-lut a- 
 jen cin the face of him is comely, but 
 the heart vile, a-mlem ndk-liin (yak-bo s. 
 a physiognomist; to-sd mlem ndk-lun bam- 
 te to whom shall I look to for support; 
 a-mlem cit nyi to have a rosy look; a- 
 mlem cor bam to be wrinkled; a-mlem 
 td-ndn to put a bold face on a subject; 
 a-mlem tdm-bo a brazen, impudent face; 
 a-mlem md-td-num-bo a modest face; a- 
 mlem tim-bo a large face; a-mlem tuk vb. 
 to cover the face with clothes; a-mlem 
 tun bap nydm zdn to have face like the 
 stone tun-bap i. e. very white; a-mlem 
 tur-vok-ld face nearly broad as long; a- 
 mlem tydr nan vb. to sit vis-a-vis; a-mlem 
 tyut to have face marked (as from small- 
 pox); a-mlem tyut-nyim-bo marked or 
 having a mark by which one may be re- 
 cognized; a-mlem fdt-ndn to become pale; 
 a-mlem td-fdt-ld a pale countenance; a- 
 jnlem far a short, square face; a-mlem 
 
302 
 
 mlem 
 
 miem nyek— miya 
 
 nok-non 1. to have a dirty face. 2. to be- 
 come angry; a-mlem a-nok a dark com- 
 plexion, a dirty face; a-mlem fa- far-bo 
 a hollow, receding face; a-mlem flok vb. 
 to scrape skin of face in falling; a-mlem 
 ftet vb. to wash the face; a-mlem pd-blyo- 
 Ici a long face; a-mlem bum-bo a small face; 
 a-mlem mak nan nyi id. q. a-mlem mat; 
 a-mlem man-Id nun a look of mild dis- 
 j)leasure; a-mlem moifyh. to make awry 
 face, to look angry, to show bad temper, 
 to be dejected, a-mlem kyap-ld mat vb. 
 to look downwards, a-mlem mydn non to 
 be bloated; to be scorched in face, a-mlem 
 tsot to press eyelids together as with 
 disgust, a-mlem zdr a happy look, bright; 
 a-mlem zuk vb. 1. to pacify a person who 
 is angry or excited 2. to confess one's 
 self to be in the wrong; a-mlem zo tdn- 
 bo a plump chubby face (litly. "like a 
 ricebasket" ); a-mlem yon vb. 1. to look 
 ashamed or grieved 2. to be hungry; a- 
 mlem fe vb. to be exalted; a-mlem luk 
 ndk vb. to vise upwards to look, a-mlem 
 lyok to be alike in face, to resemble, 
 a-mlem Mr to blush, a-mlem hru to colour 
 from anger, a-mlem hryen a long face, 
 a-mlem-ka siik-vyer sit fo vb. to blacken 
 one's character, a-mlem van vb. to lose 
 colour, a-mlem van vb. to turn face to- 
 wards, a-mlem vun vb. to turn face away 
 (as in anger), a-mlem sd-lek hyep to be 
 flashed (as from drink), a-mlem sdm-md 
 sdm-md a displeased countenance; a-mlem 
 sum sum an angry look, a-mlem sun bam 
 the face to be covered with hair, a-mlem 
 son non to become pale and haggard, a- 
 mlem a-jen ugly face, a-mlem a-dum a 
 fair complexion, a clean face, a-mlem 
 a-ryum a handsome face, a-mlem sdn a- 
 ryum said of an object dear to one (as 
 a child), a-mlem-sd a-ryum the beauty 
 of the face. — pi. mlem^sdn s countenance, 
 features, visage, physiognomy. — the 
 page of a book co mlem; — the side of 
 a house or of anything li mlem; td-lyan 
 mlem s. the expanse of heaven, a-mlem zdn- 
 bo-sd sd-gor a perpendicular precipice. 
 
 Compounds: a-mlem ce the features; 
 
 — mlem dan s. a souvenir; — a-mlem 
 fyum s. the complexion, physiognomy, 
 a-mlem fyum rat ghostly looking; — a- 
 mlem zap to the physiognomy'; a-mlem lyu 
 the form of face. 
 
 mlem nyek n. pr. of a priest P. 
 mio 1. s. a thing, an article M. 137 
 explet. Man, mlo tek vb. to put things by; 
 
 — mlo dot vb. to take out things; — mlo 
 zuk vb. £o arrange things in order; — 
 mlo lot tap vb. to put things back again; 
 
 — Comp. mlo kdl s. a wooden block to 
 place under things as to make even; — 
 7nlo Km s.- treasure, store, kd-su-sd mlo 
 Kon gun-nd mok-ndn-ne-yam-o all my 
 gathered wealth has gone to an end T. 
 bsags-pdi nor 'dsad; P. — mlo bldn s. goods, 
 mlo bldn 61 vb, to clean house-hold ar- 
 ticles, mlo bldn 61 tyol mat vb. to assist 
 in doing ditto ; mlo bldn 61 tyol mat-bo s. 
 a scullion; — mlo bldn tsam-bo s. the 
 house-keeper; — mlo n6k (to make) pro- 
 pitiatory offering to evil spirit; — mlo 
 ran-bo s. a steward, bailiff; — mlo sut s. 
 the news, mlo sut sd-lom, nyi what's the 
 news. — affixed in s. of instrument, source 
 etc. e. c. fdn-mlo s. a gutter, see (an (to 
 drink) pa-tin .... pdn-re td-fon sd un 
 fdn-mlo sd-re-ka tam-cdn-pdn re (dn-sdn- 
 ka (it-bo-pdn-ka fam-cdn-sdn kur-v6n-ka 
 tsak fo-sdn ... he set the rods before 
 the flocks in the gutters in the watering- 
 troughs when the flocks came to drink G. 
 
 mlo 2. s. 1. the universe, the world, 
 mlo tel s. the horizon; — mlo tyu s. an 
 earth- quake; — inilo ram i. q. so-ram; — 
 mlo Ion s. the red rays reflected on clouds; 
 
 — mlo su s. the roaring of the wind ; — 
 mlo sok s. the horizon; ■ — mlo 6m s. the 
 diminishing rays of morning; — 2. country, 
 place, mlo rUm a distant country; — mlo 
 nyo a precipitious place, a ravine, mlo 
 nyo-sd ay ok s. an uphill work. 
 
 mlo dp vb. (mlo 1 or 2?) to have shooting 
 pains as from rheumatism, lumbago etc. 
 
 mIya 1. vb. t. to smooth so as to efface 
 an impression a-dyan pyol mlyd to efface 
 
miya— miyuk 
 
 tsa— tsdn 
 
 303 
 
 foot-mai'k, zo tun-hon mlyd to smooth the 
 holes after dibbling. 
 
 (mIya 2) miya-la slightly inclined, lyan 
 mlyd-ld very slightly inclined ground; 
 fd-mlyd-ld or sd-mlyd-ld sloping as ground. 
 
 mIya see mlyd 1., md-mlya-ld flat, level, 
 
 a-mlem md-mlya-ld a flat face; lyan md- 
 mlya-ld level ground. 
 
 mIyuk, miyu-ka miyuk-ka adv. indistinctly, 
 mlyu-ka mlyuk-ku fyo vb. to hear indis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 Ts 
 
 tsa the eigteenth letter of the so-called 
 Lepcha-alphabet T. 5 ace. M. "a pala- 
 tale ts". 
 
 *t8a T. bteod, gtsod, gtso s. a spec, of 
 deer in Tibet, said to have only one horn. 
 
 tsa, a-tsa a contraction of (a-^tsot q. v. 
 
 *tsa-bo T. rtsod-pa s. dispute, quarrel, 
 disputation, tsd-bo luk vb. to rise a quarrel, 
 dispute. 
 
 *tsak 1. vb. t. T. rtsek{-pd) to erect, to 
 stake, to fix in, to set up as stake, post, 
 lun-ta tsdk to set up flag; — tuk-pdt tsdk 
 to kneel; — to establish, to organize, to 
 institute, kiir-vdn tsdk or dim tsdk vb. n. 
 to resist, to stand against. — tsdk-bun s. 
 the flowering head of the sd-hlo grass; 
 tsdk-hrul s. a plaited silk or cotton-chain 
 as attached to jdt (pin) or hair. — tiik- 
 tsdk 8. 1 a pole set up for leaping over 
 a hurdle, tuk-tsdk gydn s. the game of 
 ditto, tuk-tsdk {(jydn) klydt vb. to play at 
 ditto emulating eachother in jumping, on 
 gyuk-sd tuk-tsdk gydn s. a hurdle-race. — 
 2. n. of a spec, of reed the same as sd- 
 hlo; tuk-tsdk tson s. an arrow made of t. 
 ts. see also pd-sor — 3. see ddk tsdk; bdk-ko, 
 
 tsak 2 see kd-tsdk s. a cubit. 
 
 tsdk vb. t. to look after, to inquire into, 
 to inquire after, to visit, fam-pot tsak to 
 go to see how fruit prosper; num-ayen 
 tsdk to go to inquire after friends. — 
 a-tsdk s. in a-tsdk a-von yd vb. to be 
 sociable, to be attentive in visiting acquain- 
 tances. 
 
 tsdk 2. vb. t. to cover over, to plaster 
 over, Tbr. copulare. 
 
 tsak-Su adv. quickly, steadily, without 
 stopping, tsdk-su non vb. to go quickly, 
 without stopping. 
 
 tsan; tsdn-ka, tsin-na adv. here after- 
 wards, hereafter, in future. See zd-tsdn. 
 
 tsat vb. t. 1. to prick, to pierce, to 
 stick into; til-sd tsdt vb. to pierce witli 
 boring stick; jdt-sd tsdt vb. to prick with 
 pin; a-lim tsdt to sting. — 2. sak-mu tsdt 
 vb. to sigh. 
 
 tsdt 1. vb. to advance, to proceed on- 
 wards; to increase; to attain, to reach, 
 to go from one and arrive at or within 
 another; to be infectuous; to alight on 
 (as birds etc.), to catch (as fire etc., to be 
 wormeaten i. q. hu q. v., e. c. riim-ka tsdt 
 to (go from earth and) arrive at heaven ; 
 to-sd-re pldn-ka h6-nun a-sdm-rem yu tsdt 
 bam-mvH sim-bo-re o-re do a-som a-tsdn- 
 ka bap-ti-sd-ma byin-bo gum upon whom 
 thou shalt see the spirit descending, the 
 same is he which baptizeth with the holy 
 Ghost J.; fo kun-ka tsdt the bird (from 
 elsewhere) has settled on the tree; kd-su 
 nam tyu tsdt-non ddr my age is increasing ; 
 but tsdt itch is contagious; mik td tsdt 
 example is infectuous; tsdt-bo s. infection, 
 adj. infectuous. 
 
 tsat 2. vb. t. to crowd upon, kat plan 
 kat tsdi-lun nan to go crowding one upon 
 another. 
 
 tsat 3. vb. t.: tsdt dun see under dun. 
 
 tsat see tsdt. 
 
 tsan T. btson(-pa) s. a prisoner, tsan 
 tsam vb. to take captive; tsan bu non vb. 
 to carry away c; tsun-don T. btson-do/i 
 
304 
 
 tsan-ryan— (tsat) 
 
 tsat-bo— tsam 
 
 s. a prison, a jail Ex. J. tsdn-don-ka tap 
 vb. to cast into prison. 
 
 tsan-ryan s. (Yakt'umba-w.) a fine, tsdn- 
 ryan zdk vb. to be fined. 
 
 *tsim 1. T. btsem (-pa), "tsom{-pa) see 
 Ut team vb. to sew, tsdm-bo s. a tailor. 
 
 tsSm 2., a-tsdm s. a place where people 
 congregate (i-lyan; I6m tsdm i. q. I6m gyap- 
 mo a-cuk a crossway, fo team i. q. fo tsat 
 lyan a tree where birds congregate, vyen. 
 tsdm s. threshold; bon tedm i. q. a-bon-ka 
 bii bam, yuk tsdm i. q. yuk fyak. See 
 teiim a. v. teu. 
 
 tsdr incorr. for tsiir q. v. 
 
 (tsar) pur-tsdr-la adv. viewing earnestly, 
 pur-tsdr-ld ndk. 
 
 tsal s. n. of a bush bearing flowers said 
 to shoot out causing great irritation to 
 skin, Tbr. rip a-gyit cfr. no tsdl. — teal 
 op vb. to shoot out (the former). 
 
 *tsaT.'fo'aZ(-6a) see under ^!/o'A,p^dA tsa. 
 
 tsak vb. to put on fire, as pot, kettle, 
 to set down tsak fo id. 
 
 tsak lia s. a spec, of butterfly. 
 
 tsak pur-zan vb. to beat a drum keeping 
 time with contortion of the body. 
 
 tsan vb. t. to stretch tight as bowstring, 
 tean-ld adv. tightly stretched; tean-ld mat 
 vb. to stretch tight; teah-nd tsan-nd adv. 
 1. tightly stretched, vibrating as thightly 
 stretched string 2. thoroughly, tsan-nd 
 tsan-nd hlop vb. to learn thoroughly, tsan- 
 nd tsan-nd zuk vb. to work thoroughly. 
 
 (tsan): tsaii-na cin-na onom. jingling 
 tsan-nd cin-nd grik s. a jingling sound. 
 See ran ren. 
 
 tsan-ko, pun-tsan-ko s. distant relations. 
 
 tsan-fyan s. exposure of adulteress M. 
 
 tsan zo i. q. tson-gro zo. 
 
 tsat vb. n. to be mixed with (as people), 
 tsat-lun 16m to walk in company with 
 others; td-dyu td-gri teat-lun bam, males 
 and females live indiscriminately together; 
 lum ron tsat-lun baTn Lepchas and Hindu's 
 living together. 
 
 (tsat) tsat-ta tsat-ta brittle, ts.-td te.-td li 
 vb. to be brittle pd-teat-ld or pvr-teat-ld 
 adv. partially, partly, about, pd-teat-ld 
 
 my an half ripe or cooked; pd-tsat-ld fyak 
 to know partially, pdt-tsat-ld tydr till 
 about, half, partially pd-tsat-ld tet id. 
 
 tsat-bo (see tser) s. a sort of bailiff, a 
 person who points out the people to col- 
 lection of revenue. 
 
 tsan 1. i. q. teen. 
 
 tsan 2. vb. t. to hold drawn (sword) 
 when about to strike pd-yuk tsan, ban tean. 
 
 tsan-Ri on the alert, tean Mi nyi to be 
 on the alert. 
 
 *tsan-rik (T. ? and sgrig) s. accoutre- 
 ments, provision for journey. 
 
 *tsan-dan kun T. tsan-dan s. the cypress 
 tree, Cypressus funebris Hooker 1, 316, 
 * tsan-dan kdr-bo T. te. dkar-po C. tortuosa? 
 L. ts. dum-bo; *tean-dan mar-bo T. te. 
 dmar-pa red Cypressus L. te. hyir-bo. 
 
 tsap 1. vb. t. to efface as trace etc., 
 tsap bu non vb. to track, to trace? M. 
 
 (tsap 2)., tsap-pa tsap-pa onom. crisp or 
 a crisping, tsap-pd teap-pd grik s. a 
 crackling, crisping sound. 
 
 tsam T. rtsom(-pa) vb. t. to begin, to 
 commence, to undertake, dyok team to 
 commence work, a-ldn-ren team-Mn com- 
 mencing from now ; — to catch, to seize, 
 to lay hold of, han-td pd-no sd kvr-fak 
 kur-biim gun-nd zum-Mn td-se-fin a-ka 
 a-fon-ka team-lun pyok tsa kor kyop yam-o 
 then the king and all his ministers pro- 
 strated themselves at the feet of Padma- 
 sambhava embracing his hands and feet 
 and surrounding him P.; tsam bii. di vb. 
 to seize and bring; — to keep, to retain 
 team fo id., e. c. gi-c6 team fo to keep 
 property, a-kup-sdn tsam fo to keep 
 children in subjection; — to restrain, to 
 govern as heart sdm team; — to assail, 
 to attack, team ndn id., team non-bo s. an 
 assailant; — to accuse, to charge with 
 or to lay blame to, Id-yo team zuk to 
 charge or accuse another of sin, also to 
 prove one's charge; — ■ to have connexion 
 with, riim kiim,-dun md-team-niin have 
 nothing to say to other gods; Mm md- 
 team-niin hold no connexion with him, 
 have nothing to say to him; — to become 
 
(tsam)— tsii 
 
 Isu— *tsu 
 
 305 
 
 subject, rum-sd tem-bo-ka tsam-lel-so canst 
 thou become subject to the rule of Grod; 
 — to be attached to, to remain, tsam nan 
 id., lyan un tsam nan gdn if I become 
 attaclied to, i. e. become a resident of the 
 earth : rule the earth ; lyan un tsam-md-d 
 let them remain at home; — to know, 
 to be acquainted, skilled in, e. c. rin tsam. 
 tsam-bo s. a keeper, a steward, etc., tsam- 
 set s.thehandle, thepurchase; tsam-lyanid. 
 
 (tsam,) tuk-tsam s. a mortar, td-Un tuk- 
 tsam pestle and mortar, tuk-tsam-ka dyan 
 or tuk-tsam-ka tsii vb. to pound in mortar. 
 
 tsam-gok or tsaii-kik s. a bag for holding 
 things M. 
 
 tsam-ban fo or tsom-bdn fo (onom. fr. 
 it's cry) s. red-winged crested cuckoo, 
 Coccystes comorandus M. ace. Je 1. 341 
 and W. E. 207 "fse-ben." 
 
 ""tsam-dd cfr. *sam-dd T. Uags-mda s. 
 an iron arrow. 
 
 tsar s. a short space of time, adj. new, 
 fresh, tsar -Id or tsar tet adv. newly, 
 shortly, tsar-ld ot just to see for a moment; 
 md-rd tsar-ld si s. a stranger: one who 
 you have just seen for a moment, dUm 
 dl tsar-ld si new-cloth; — just been seen 
 from a short time, applied to any thing; 
 yiik tsar pi-lUn writing a brief letter, sd- 
 tsiik tsar early morning (i. q. tsiir? q. v.) 
 
 tsar incorr. for tser vb. to express. 
 
 tsal s. (a point, as of pin)? tsal-ld adv. 
 pricking, piercing. — tsal-ld ddk vb. to 
 have pricking pain; - so-tsHk feaZ-^a pier- 
 cing heat. — tsal-ld md-yd-ne do not know 
 as much the point of a pin about it. 
 
 *tsir vb. cfr. tser T. btsir-ba, 'ts'ir-ba 
 vb. to press, tsir-lUn kok vb. to screen 
 all round securily, blik tsir-Mn dam vb. 
 to tie split bamboo firmly. 
 
 tsu 1. a-tsu s. the male of goats, pigs, 
 sheep, mon a-tsU s. a boar; luk a-tsii s. 
 a ram, a-rtsii fap vb. to put the male to 
 female; a-tsU ddn vb. to go into heat. — 
 tiik-tsu affixed to td-gri: td-gri tHk-tsii, s. 
 a male, a man. 
 
 tsu 2. tsu-n vb. t. to pound, to bray 
 (as in mortar) tiik-tsam-ka tsii. 
 
 tsu 3. tsu-m vb. to meet together, to be 
 confluent as boundaries, rivers, mountains; 
 tsiim vb. c. c. object, or c. -sd, -ka, to 
 meet, to have interview with, to come 
 in contact with, to have intercourse with, 
 go-niin hiim I6m-ka tsUrn I met him on 
 the road; sd-ron pd-no-ka tsiim md-JcHn-ne 
 cannot have interview with king to-day; 
 td-dyO, tsiim to have sexual intercourse; 
 
 — See ny&m tsiim. — tsiim (see tsam, a- 
 tsdm) has also an active meaning as a- 
 bdn zon tsiim to bring principals together; 
 tsiim lat vb. to come to visit, tsiim lat- 
 bo s. a visitor; tsum-lyan s. place of meet- 
 ing, rendez-vous, ts.-ly. kyop to appoint 
 a place of meeting, — tsUn-re the meet- 
 ing. — a-tsHm s. meeting as of two per- 
 sons, on a road, intercourse, hH sd go 
 a-tsHm md-nyin-ne I have no intercourse 
 with him; — indirectly: sexual intercourse 
 a-tsum a-lon. 
 
 tsun vb. to join, to meet together, to 
 be confluent as rivers. — a-tsUn s. con- 
 fluence of rivers. 
 
 tsu 4. T. gtso(-bo) a principal, head, 
 chief, tsii-ld mat\h. "to make a principal," 
 to show respect, to honour, md tsii md 
 tok nd li to speak disrespectfully. 
 
 *tsu 5. s. T. rtsi(-ba) rtsis 1. calculation 
 M. 99. tsii kydp to count, to reckon, tsii. 
 lyo to take account; — arithmetic, mathe- 
 matics; account; science, information, go 
 tsii yo pdn yd-pa nam turn a-dyit a-de 
 sd-tsHk Id-vo sd-hor ryu md ryu giin-nd 
 yd-ld Map byi I know these calculations 
 the auspicious signs and inauspicious 
 portents of the times of the sun, moon 
 and stars, learn thou them all P. non- 
 nun-sd yiik pi sd- tsii nyi-so will write and 
 give you the information of departure. 
 
 — 2. a magic mirror and such like, tsii 
 ndk vb. to divine, tsii-sd ydn-tdn skill in 
 or the science of calculation. 
 
 Compounds: kar-tsU 1. T. dkar-rtsis s. 
 calendar 2. T. skar-rtsis astronomy, k.-ts. 
 ydm-bo an astronomer; nak-tsU T. nag- 
 rtsis astrology, black arts, necromancy, 
 n.-ts. ydm-bo an astrologer, a diviner, ■ 
 
 20 
 
306 
 
 *tsu — tsuk 
 
 *tsuk— tsut 
 
 necromancer ; pak-t&v T. bak-rtsis divination 
 of marriages; sdn-tsu T. gsan-rtsis divi- 
 nation of deaths. — bydm tsii s. addition, 
 by.-ts. kyop vb. to add; — man tsii s. 
 subtraction m.-ts. kyop-Yh. to subtract; 
 — to tsu s. algebra; — dom tsu re- 
 duction; — /U tsii s. division, fli tsu kyop 
 vb. to divide. — 3. used in sense of 
 "direction, side, part," a-lum tsu the large 
 side or part, a-man tsii the lesser, the 
 smaller side or part; — tsii tsii every side 
 or direction tsii tsii ndk vb. to look in 
 e. d., to be on the look-out as for any 
 person. — tsU-bo s. i. q. kar-tsii ydm-bo, 
 tsU-bo-sdn-niin hd-yu do fio-pdh Sj.dm-rmn 
 sdk plyd-sdn mat the magicians did so 
 with their enchantments to bring forth 
 lice Ex. 
 
 *tsu 6. T. rtsi s. essence, etc., see 
 niim-tsii. 
 
 *tsu 7. T. btsud{-pa), ^dsud(-pa) vb. t. 
 to lead, to guide. 
 
 tsii ndk s. a spec, of grass, pon tsii ndk. 
 tsu-tsa violent, oppressive, tsii tsa md- 
 mat-tHit do not be violent, commit no 
 violence ; tsii tsa-nyim-bo a. v. person, 
 tsii tsa md-nyin-niim-bo s. a gentle mild p. 
 tsuk 1., sa-tsuk (see also tsUr) s. the sun 
 see (sd-)nyi; sd-tsHk sd-mik id. Tbr. td-lyan- 
 mo sd-tsHk Id-vo 1. the king and queen 
 2. the state, government; sd-tmk kup s. 
 Tbr. "a little sun": a person of no im- 
 portance, sd-tsuk tUn-kiin-niin kul the sun 
 encircled by halo, sd-tsHk dar sd-fdn-niin 
 tsuk s. an eclipse; sd-tsHk fam-niin bdn to 
 be eclipsed Tbr. ; — {sd-)tsuk kydr s. the 
 setting of sun, the west; — • tsiik car s. 
 the rising of the s., the east, used also 
 for sunshine, in opp. to siip; tsiik- Mr- 
 ka tsUk-kd lat gram in open places the 
 sun-rays come quick; — sd-tsHk tan s. 
 a short day as in winter; — (sd-)tsiik 
 fdt sun to set; ts. fdt-kon s. the west; 
 sd-tsHk gdl fdt vb. to disappear, to set; 
 tsUk^nan s. the meridian; ts. nan-ka at 
 noon; — sd-tsHk bik s. the wild cow; — 
 sd-tsuk mik s. the disc of the sun ; — (sa-) 
 tsiik tsar s. the reflected rays before sun- 
 
 rise, immediately before sunrise; — (sd-) 
 tsiik tsiir s. a ray of the s., a sunbeam; 
 sd-tsUk rip s. the sun-flower; — (sd-')tsiik 
 rii s. the reflected rays of s. after sunset; 
 
 — tsUk-rom id. before sunset (on clouds); 
 sd-tsHk riim a long day as in summer; 
 (sdytsHk-lat the east, the rising of sun; 
 ts.-lat ts.-hydr giin-nd dp-pUn re illuminat- 
 ing the whole world from east to west; 
 ts.-l. ts.-ky. fak-kHn-sd gdm-bo a convent 
 whose authority extends fr. east to west; 
 sd-tsHk gye li towards evening, (sun over- 
 comes declining), sd-tsHk ci li about 8 
 o'clock in morning, sd-tsuk zan li about 
 10 o'clock in forenoon, sd-tsuk yo li about 
 two o'clock in after-noon, sd-tsUksor-rdsor- 
 rd li a little before sunset; — tsiik lop s. 
 1. the west, 2. a shade from the sun 
 also a plaited plaything made from sd- 
 hlo; — tsiik op s. the spreading of sun's 
 rays, full day-light. 
 
 * tsiik 2. T. brtsig-pa vb. to heap up, to 
 put one thing above another, to raise, to 
 pile, tsuk to to put one th. above another. 
 
 — tsiik-po T. rtsig-pa s. a wall, ts.-po kyop 
 fo vb. to make a wall, to wall up, co 
 hlap-ba ts.-po kydp-re zon knowledge gain- 
 ed is like being strengthened with a wall. 
 
 tsuk 3. for cUk a-ciik among, amongst 
 a-yu md-r6 tsuk-niin pld co mat retiring 
 from society of man practise religion. 
 
 tsuk 4 vb. to crowd, to be in numbers, 
 ts. da nyi lying in numbers. — a-tsiik s. 
 many, a great number, md-rd a-tsiik a 
 number of men. 
 
 tsuk 5. redupl. of cek, tsUk-kd cek-ka 
 violent, oppressive. 
 
 tsuk 6. (from tsdkl) tsiik ndk (to look 
 steadily at) see under mik. 
 
 *tsiik-p&n T. rtsig-dpon s. a mason, an 
 architect. 
 
 tsiin 1. vb. t. to hoard up, to store up. 
 Mm tsiin to to hoard up money. 
 
 tsun 2. s. spite, grudge, resentment 
 (secret), ts. bH bam bearing spite. 
 
 tsun kdn i. q. rd kon s. a spec, of sorghum. 
 
 tsiit 1. vb. to preserve, to protect, to 
 shield, riim-kd ts.-sdn-ka md vb. to pray 
 
tout— tsur 
 
 tsur— tsufl 
 
 307 
 
 to Grod for preservation; — lop tsiit vb. 
 to shield. 
 
 tsut 2. bent, as trees or old man. 
 
 tsut 3. s. a plume, as (of feathers) ts.- 
 bo ornamented with plumes, ts. tsdk yb. 
 to plume, loh tsut a dance by performers 
 in feathered plumes; — a-tsut s. the 
 stamen of flower rvp-tsut. 
 
 tsut- reduplic. e. c. tsut-td tsat-td brittle. 
 
 tsun 1. Skt. ^1^ s. lime, tsiin fdt lime, 
 ts. Idn l.-stone. 
 
 tsiin 2. vb. to be equal, to agree with, 
 to correspond with. 
 
 tsiin 3., a-tsun (see under few) adv. near 
 to; — vyen-tsun cfr. tsun, a-tsun. 
 
 tsun, 4. a-tstin s. good cotton. 
 
 *tsun 5. T. btsun adj. honourable, re- 
 verend, feww-wo "an h. female" a priestess, 
 a nun; tsun-tsun T. btsun-mtsan adj. ve- 
 nerable. 
 
 tsiin 6. vb. to bray, to pound M. 7. 
 
 *tsiin-rik T. mtson-rigs s. a weapon, 
 arms ts.-r. Icon T. mtson-rigs Kan s. an 
 armory. 
 
 tsiin rii s. patience, tsiin ru mat vb. to 
 be patient. M. 
 
 tsun ru kuii i. q. siin rii the Guava. 
 
 *tsun tsdm T. sa mtsams s. boundary, 
 limit, frontier. 
 
 tsup 1. vb. n. to be narrow, to be small, 
 to become small, to shrink up, to con- 
 tract, an tsup-non the hole has become 
 small; lorn tsUp-non the road has become 
 narrow as when overgrown with jungle. 
 — a-tsi/.p adj. having a small bore, small 
 of capacity, pd-tek a-tsiip s. a vessel of 
 small bore or capacity. 
 
 (tsup 2) tsup-pa i. q. mp-pd old Lepcha 
 language for "all" i. q. gun-nd, tsUp-pd 
 tsiip-pd all, tsitp-pd tsUp-pd zo to eat all. 
 
 tsiim see few. 
 
 (tsum) num-tsum s. exultation n.-ts. kyop 
 vb. to exult, to triumph over. 
 
 tsum, a-tsum, adj. beautiful, see tsum 
 a-tsOm, mar mar beautifully spotted (as 
 a tiger etc.) 
 
 tsur (see tsiik) vb. n. to radiate, to emit 
 rays; see cap tsiir. — tsUr-bo s. a radiator. 
 
 num-tsur s. radiation, corruscation. — 
 niim-tsiir mit n pr. name of the wife of 
 Padma from Singaling (Sinhaladvipa, 
 Ceylon) P. T. 'Od-'c'an-ma. — a-tsUr s. 1. a 
 ray of light, glory, a-tsHr-niin a-mik ddk 
 a dazzling ray of light; — 2. the domin- 
 ions of a king or rather dwelling-place 
 of a king (flattering language), a-tsUr a- 
 dm-sd gyek to be born with glory. 
 
 tsiir vb. to fence with tUn-sun q. v. 
 
 *tsu 1., tsu-m, tsu-t to boil see *foo; a- 
 tsu-m sak-tsu, sak-tsut see *tso and sak. 
 
 tsu 2, tsu-m 1. vb. t. to pierce, to stick 
 in, as splinter into foot, to prick small 
 (tsdt large q. v.) pd-tin tsu, ryiim tsu, jii 
 tsu; — to write (as on paper), to engrave, 
 to cut out, to carve; tsum-bo an engraver; 
 — tsum see hn tsum, kd-su kin-tswm-ka 
 nyi su go yo gdn td-dyii-kup-sdn-nun kd- 
 sirni kin-tsum-nyim-bo gitm ydn li-so happy 
 I am, for the daughters will call me 
 blessed G. — 2. s. spikes set in hole to kill 
 game, a wild -beast-trap, tsu pron a 
 cluster of many spikes in ditto, tsu pron 
 tsdk or tyan vb. to set up ditto. — pUn- 
 tsu s. a fence against evil spirit. 
 
 tsu 3. tsu-t vb. n. to spring up (well 
 of water), yan-ld un go-niin hum byin-bo 
 re hit- sd-gon-ka un-ram ta'ii mok-sd md- 
 nyin-nun fet tsu-bam-bo nun-so but the 
 water, that I shall give him shall be in 
 him a well of water springing up into 
 everlasting life J. — ci tsut pld grog- 
 blossoms to exude. 
 
 tsu 4. tuk-tsu adv. first, in advance, be- 
 fore hand, before, tHk-tsu-ka bam-bo s. the 
 former, the one in advance, tuk-tsu-ka 
 top vb. to receive in advance, tHk-tsu-ka 
 byi vb. to give before hand, tiik-tsu hrit 
 non vb. to go in advance, to precede, 
 tuk-tsu-ka cin-lun byi vb. to anticipate. 
 
 tsuk 1. vb. to bite M. 132, tsuk-sdn md- 
 tsuk-ne does not bite (as serpent). 
 
 tsuk 2. s. a bait to catch birds, tsuk to 
 to place ts. 
 
 tsuk 3. vb. bun-su tsuk vb. to suffer from 
 indigestion, (i. q. 1?). See mun. 
 
 tsun: tsun min family? M. 
 
308 
 
 tsun— tsul 
 
 *tse— tsoft-grd zo 
 
 tsun : v6m tsun v6m lit delicious salt M. 
 
 tsun, a-tsun, wjen a-tsun treshold of door, 
 the entrance P. 
 
 tsut i. q. tsot see under tsa. 
 
 tsun 1. vb. t. to take up, to lift, kd-su 
 dyep-ka Jcu t'a-bo-re-nun hu-do ton-tun kd- 
 su pldn-ka tsun he that eateth bread with 
 me has lifted up his heel against me J.; 
 — to take from, to abstract M. 94., ts. 
 bu vb. to take away J., ts. bu di vb. to 
 take up and bring, to adopt as word fr. 
 other 1., ts. hryon vb. to lift up M. 
 
 tsun 2. T. rtsom(-pa) vb. to begin with, 
 to commence, to compose; • — tsun-lun 
 commencing, commencement, a-ldn-ren 
 ts.-lun commencing from now, lot ts. vb. 
 to resume, to recommence, siin Hon kat 
 mat-tun-sd kv/m-dun tsun bu non on 
 finishing one chapter commence another. 
 
 tsup and tsum 1. vb. n. to be chapped 
 as lips. — td-tsup or td-tsum s. 1. the 
 anus, 2. vulva tremula. — 2. i. q. tsiip 
 see ayit-tsup. 
 
 tsum 2. see under tsu. 
 
 tsum, 3. a-tsum adj. 1. new, the first, 
 primitive, the new, lyan a-tsum s. a new 
 place (where men have not been before) 
 num-lyen a-tsum s. a virgin G., s. the 
 best, the chief; — 2. s. beauty, adj. beau- 
 tiful, embroidered, carved the pattern 
 of cloth etc. (see tsu') tiik-mar tsum zon 
 beautifully spotted as a leopard. 
 
 pd-tsum s. a piece of bamboo set up 
 on stones as a sort of altar for placing 
 propitiatory offering to evil spirit mun 
 pd-tsum, pd-tsum vdt fo vb. to ornament 
 the pd-tsum by carving on it; pd-tsum 
 pd-t'ar or pd-tsum pa-man s. a piece of 
 bamboo or wood cut straight^at top on 
 which water is offered; pd-tsum pd-hlyum 
 s. a bamboo similar to above but the 
 top cut slanting on which ci is offered; 
 pd-tsum Up s. a leaf, on which rice etc. 
 is placed and laid in front of the p. or 
 offerings on the bamboo; — pd-tsum lop 
 gydn fo n. of a bird, a spec, tit M. 
 
 tsul s. unnatural exaltation of spirits 
 occasioned by mun) mak-si-ba tsul to be 
 
 in extravagant spirits before death; ddk- 
 si-ba tsul id. before sickness. 
 
 *tse 1. T. rtse 8. the top of anything, 
 the tip, a crossbeam of house. 
 
 tse 2. vb. n. to be skilled, versed in, 
 to be acquainted with, cunning in, dyok-ka 
 tse bam skilled in work; — tse-bo s. a 
 person skilled in — ; on ful-ka tse-bo s. 
 a skilful equestrian, mdk op-ka tse-bo s. 
 a skilful archer. 
 
 tse-nu i. q. tsen-nu very large M. 
 
 tset vb. fc. 1. i.q. tsat 2. to net, to knit 
 tun-li tset to net net, 3. to make prisoner, 
 tset bu ndn to be prisoner; 4. sak sdn tset 
 to sigh. 
 
 tsen 1, a-tsen adj. large as rock, high 
 as country, spacious as water, lyan a-tsen. 
 
 *tsen 2. T. btsan see lun-ji mun. 
 
 *tser T. btsir(-ba) vb. t. to express, to 
 squeeze out, nyen tser vb. to milk, num 
 tser vb. to express oil; pd-no-nim mi-sd 
 tser klit a king to apply the screwing 
 system to his subjects. 
 
 tso, a-tso s. the spawn no tso. 
 
 *tso also tsu T. btso(-ba) tso-t vb. to 
 boil as water, tso-t vb. t. to ignite, to 
 sting as nettle; a-tsom and a-tsum adj. 
 boiling. See sak-tso etc. 
 
 tso t'ap see under tsom, a-tsom. 
 
 tso mft s. a spec, of ant. 
 
 tso zo i. q. ko-gro. tson-gro q. v. 
 
 tSO-a s. well, tso-a re a-nyun gum the 
 well is deep J; un cuk-bo-sdn pldm tu- 
 tsdtlnap-mo-ka hu-nun lum-ddn-pdn-ka li 
 kyon-sd pd-on-ka un tso-a zut-ka da kon- - 
 lun li he made his camels to kneel down 
 without the city by a well of water at 
 the time of the evening, even the time 
 thatwomen go outto draw water and said G. 
 
 tsoii adj. base (note, see mUn). 
 
 tsoii see tson. 
 
 tson T. btson see o-tson. 
 
 tson, a-tson s. crest of fowls etc., mane - 
 of horse etc., bristles of boar, a-ison sou- 
 nd s6n-nd non (the mane) to wave while 
 going. 
 
 tson-grd zo s. i. q. tson zo s. a spec, of 
 Panicum. 
 
tsot— tsdk 
 
 isdk— tsdt 
 
 309 
 
 tsot, a-tsot 1. adj. red and white mixed, 
 hence met. here and there, partially, a- 
 tsot lo-ld lo-ld here and there. 
 
 tsot, a-tsot 2. s. i. q. a-fyii s. place where 
 insects swarm. 
 
 (tsot) 3. ta-tsot s. piles; incorr. for rum- 
 dii dak td-tsot dak s. small-pox; ta-tsot du 
 dak incorr. for luk-ma dysentery. • 
 
 tsop 1. vb. n. to be burnt dry, as rice 
 when cooked. 
 
 tsop 2. vb. t. to knead or tread with 
 feet as earth for making bricks. 
 
 tsd 1. : tok-tso, tdk-ts6 s. awreath of jewels. 
 
 tsd 2. s. place of meeting as of roads 
 etc., confluence, tsd lyan. See tsdm. 
 
 *tsd 8. T. rtsa also a-tso s. vein, pulse, 
 blood-vessel vi tsd; tsd tsdt 1. vb. to feel 
 the pulse. 2. s. the condition, state, tem- 
 perament of body. 
 
 *tsd 4. T. rtsa (-ba) s. the root, foun- 
 dation, origin, tsd cdt T. rtsa cod lit. 
 cutting to the root, certainty, certain, vb. 
 to know certainly, to comprehend, tsd 
 md-cdt-ne to comprehend not; tsd vydt vb. 
 to inquire strictly, to scrutinize, to in- 
 vestigate to the bottom. 
 
 tsdk 1. vb. n. 1. to be hard, to be tough, 
 to be difficult, tsdk-ld mat vb. t. to har- 
 den, go-nun f.-sd a-lut-rem hu-nun hd- 
 yum ryak-sdn-ka tsdk-ld mat-so I will 
 harden Ph.'s heart, that he shall follow 
 after them Ex. — a-fco'A adj. hard, tough; 
 stiff, as bow; difficult rin a-tsdk a difficult 
 word; a-tsdk-re the hard part in opp. to 
 a-tium-re the soft part. — 2. to be pa- 
 tient, to bear patiently, to take with pa- 
 tience; — tsdk kydp vb. to mock, tsdk fd 
 vb. to laugh at. 
 
 tsdk 2. vb. t. to stop; to guard against, 
 to ward off, to defend against, to oppose 
 e. c. Um isdk T. 'pran sgug-pa P. See 
 man tsdk; — mik-grun tsdk vb. to resist 
 tears, tsdk nan-bo s. a defendant. — 2. s. 
 a stop, an obstacle; a colon as in book. 
 tsdk 3. vb. t. to entertain, as guest nun 
 tsdk, to give feast to, yuk-miin-tsdk to give 
 entertainment to priest; — on feo';fe blessing 
 see under dn 
 
 tsdk 4. i. q. lydt q. v.: re- e. c. rin tsdk- 
 lun li vb. to return answer, tarn tsdk-lun 
 byi vb. to return anything. 
 
 * tsdk 5. T. 'tsag(-pa) vb. t. to filter, 
 to strain, to defecate, tsdk fa i. q. tap to 
 q. v., met. to filter, to sift a question. 
 
 tsdn 1. s. an arrow, ts. zdk the a. has 
 hit; — ts. md-z.-ne the a. has not hit; 
 ts. gan-nd gan-nd z. or Idt or tyan to 
 plant arrow as into auimal; — ts.-ka nyin 
 sit vb. to poison a. — ts. pdk lidk to take 
 aim with a.; — ts. plydn to be carried 
 away (as by wind); — ts. plydn to miss 
 shot; — ts. sit vb. to fix a. to string; — 
 tsdii dp vb. to shoot with a. T. mda' 'pog- 
 pa P.; — ts. dp myon-bo an experienced 
 archer; ts. ral-ld dp vb. to fire right thro', 
 — ts. pal-ld ayot vb. to draw bow the 
 whole length of a.; — ts. gyd kat an a.- 
 shot-distance; ts. siin-fdr a small arrow 
 for sd-li tydk; ts. tsam dd fr. T. Icdgs-mda' 
 an iron a.; ts. kdp i. q. ts ro; ts. gyen the 
 barb of a.; ts. tyak head of a. of which 
 there are the following kinds: ts. sun-ban 
 a barbed head-a.; sd-hldt q. v., sd-gyen vd 
 a barbed a. made without iron, stm-fe^: tam- 
 bdk a flat-headed a. ; ts. t'dk s. a spring-bow 
 and a.; i!s.-^</ews. "a draw-bow", a cross-bow; 
 ts.-dem s. the notch of arrow; ts. fyun the 
 shaft of ditto ; ts. ro (T. sgro") s. the feather of 
 arrow. — feo'/i-toni ("arrow" "resting-place") 
 n. pr. of a locality, Chongtong. W. 72. 
 tsdii 2. see tsdn. 
 
 tsdh 3. diim tidn cloth strongly made. 
 tsdn 4. tuk-tsdn bii s. a spec, caterpillar, 
 (hairy) tilk-tsdn miin-dyep s. a spec, of 
 Cynoglossum. 
 
 tsdn tsen kun i. q. nihn nan kun. 
 tsdt 1. vb. to press, to squeeze, to knead 
 or work between flngers, a-mlem tsdt vb. 
 to press eyelids together; — tsdt td-ram: 
 tsdt td-ram klan-bo s. a fellow who sits 
 idly doing no work. M. 
 
 tsdt 2. vb. to inundate, to flood, to. de- 
 luge, s. inundation, un kydn tsdt pld ndn 
 the river has overflooded . its banks. 
 
 tsdt 3. vb. t. to introduce a subject of 
 speach, to raise an argument, rin tsdt vb. 
 
310 
 
 ts(5n— (tsdl) 
 
 ®a— *tsa 
 
 to introduce, conversation ; rin dl tsdt vb. 
 to raise a new subject of conrersation. 
 
 tsdn 1. vb. to demand back (as debt). 
 
 tsdn 2, a-tsdn s. a distant relation, a- 
 tson a-gum. 
 
 tsdp vb. n. to be united, to be close, 
 sd-dydr mi gli (or ton) tsdp a double- 
 barelled gun; tsdp kup i. q. bydr kup twins. 
 
 tsdm, a-tsdm s. the hair of the head, 
 the hair M. 122 2. the end, twist of h. 
 
 — T. skra, dbu shra. — a-tsom kd-kar-ld 
 curled h. tsdr net; a-ts6m kd-ur-ld grey 
 h. (as of old man); a-ts&m kd-ur-ld td-not 
 white h.; tsom kydl vb. to twist and tie 
 h. into knot as women on back of head. 
 
 — a-ts6m krum krum h. level with shoul- 
 ders. — tsom cdn vb. to twist h. into knot 
 on top of head; s. a hair-knot; — a-tsom 
 pyen matted h.; — tsom fyok vb. to plait 
 h. on each side, bring it transversely on 
 back of head and tie it over front of 
 the parting kin-vyen; — a-tsom fot vb. to 
 braid the h. ; — (a-) tsom blen a single h. ; 
 ts. bl. zdn like a single h., very small; 
 ts. bl. cit vb. to split h.; ts. bl. c. ydyb. 
 to know to the splitting of ah.; to know 
 exactly; ts. bl. c.-lun rin li vb. to speak 
 with discrimination; ts. bl. d'.-re zdn rin 
 sem to judge accurately. — a-tsom mak 
 sok bu vb. to wear false h. — a -tsom 
 mon s. a single h. ; — a-tsom tso tap bu 
 vb. (hair) to die. — a-ts6m zo-ld bu vb. 
 to wear flowing locks. — a-tsom hrit vb. 
 to comb h. — a-tsom Mat vb. (hair) to 
 fall. — a-tsom, siin-sdn-nd dishevelled h. 
 — a-tsom ak vb. to pluck out the h. 
 
 Comp. ts6m kin-vyen s. the parting of 
 
 h. a-ts. k.-v. fli vb. to part h. — (a-)feo'm- 
 rik s. a hair-tie, a pigtail M. 122. 
 
 tsdm vb. to leave, to quit, dye-su kd-ta 
 zdn sd td-ayO, a-cuk-ka din-bo re tsdm^ndn 
 Jesus was left alone, and the woman 
 standing in the midst; — to despise, to 
 neglect, ricm-sd rin tsam-ban rin ydn-pdn 
 md-tsdm-nd knowing the language of the 
 god, did not neglect the others. P. — vb. 
 n. to be left to remain, tsdm-ndnletthehmi, 
 left undone, mak ts.-ndn left dead, myil ts.- 
 ndn left, low, destitute; rydt fedm left an 
 orphan; sd-re luk-kdl tet tsdm-bo remmi-ka 
 fdn gat-so that which remaineth of it until 
 the morning ye shall burn with fire Ex.; — 
 tsdm ban remaining; excepted; o-re tsdm- 
 ban giin bii-non to take away every thing 
 with the exception of that; tsdm-ban-re 
 the one excepted; md-fsdm-ne not left, 
 without exception; md-tsdm-nd mat-Mn 
 not excepting anything, without exception. 
 
 tsdm bin see tsam-ban. 
 
 *tsdm-bo T. rtsam-pa s. meal or flour of 
 parched grain. 
 
 (tsdr), sd-tsdr-ld sourish as chi. 
 
 tsdl 1. vb. n. to be mixed, mingled 
 together, united, tsdl-ld bu vb. to crack 
 from one end to another; tsdl-ld ydl-ld 
 adv. mixed, mingled together (as people); 
 tsdl-ld mol-ld adv. troubling, mak-puA-re 
 tsdl-ld mdl-ld nan the host were troubled 
 Ex. — a-tsdl adj. mixed, a-tsdl lyo vb. 
 to take part in goods (said in selling). 
 
 (tsdl) 2. tuk-tsdl calling out aloud, voci- 
 ferous, loud clamour, t. ts. mat to call 
 aloud. 
 
 Ts 
 
 tsa the nineteenth letter of the L. 
 alphabet, the aspirate of tsd T. ^. The 
 letter ts is found in words only of Tibetan 
 origin. (Exceptions: tdar tsar, ts'or, tsdr.) 
 
 *tSa 1. T. tses s. date of lunar month; 
 
 Id-vo tsd kd-ti fd-li tap tet until the four- 
 teenth day of the month Ex.; tsd sd-tet 
 nyi-wUn-gd what is the date. — *tsd cu 
 T. ts'es bcu s. the feast of ur-gyan (Pad- 
 masambhava) on the 10 th day of the 
 
*tsa-*tSdm 
 
 month; tm cu mat vb. to perform the 
 holy ceremony on ditto, T. tiesbcumcod-pa. 
 
 *tsa 2. T. 'tser(-ba), mU'er (^-ba) (grief, 
 sorrow, to be afraid) vb. t. to weary, to 
 tire, ts'd-ndn to be weary, tired of. 
 
 *tsa 3. T. 'tse(-ba) (to damage, to in- 
 jure) ts'd-krok adj. urgent? M. 
 
 *tsan T. t6dn(-ba) the whole, complete; 
 tiidn rik T. tidn ''grig the whole is right, 
 complete. 
 
 *tsa-rup T. tie- grub giving life ; tsd-rup 
 mat vb. to perform ceremony to restore 
 sick man to health. 
 
 tsa-rd for fca-rd q cfr. 
 
 *Ba-lum T. tsa-lum(-pa')^ also sd-lum s. 
 an orange. 
 
 *tsa for sd s. food for king, tsd kron 
 vb. to set food before (king). 
 
 *tsit T. tsod a. measure, proportion, 
 rule, standard; weight, average; mode- 
 ration, temperance ; tsdi mat vb. to mea- 
 sure, to moderate as one's appetite, voice, 
 a-kd tsdt vb. to feel the pulse; ts'dt md- 
 nyin-ne adjly. unmeasurable, unmoderate, 
 tsdt md-nyin-ne ti vb. to become un- 
 measurably great; tsdt md nyin-ne favb. 
 to eat unmoderately; tmt md-nyin-ne fdn 
 vb. to drink intemperately; — tmt used 
 in s. of "guess" ts'dt-tun yd yh. to know 
 by guess; tsdt-tun U vb. to speak by 
 guess, comparatively speaking; tsdt used 
 in s. of "state," "condition," ^o a-do tsdt 
 a-ldn tyak-pa I am now acquainted with 
 your condition; — circumstances, state or 
 temper; — used in sense of "alternative" 
 tsdt md-nyin-ne for fyd md-nyin-ne. — 
 tsdt forming abstracta td-lyan tsdt s. the 
 weather. — cfr. *tset. 
 
 *tsdn T. tsdn s. paint, colour, tsdn kyop 
 vb. to paint. 
 
 *ts5n-rik T. mtson-rigs i. q. tsiin-rik q. cfr. 
 *tsdn-r(5n s. offerings to king? M. Cfr. 
 T. tsab and run? See also ts'a-rd. 
 
 *tsdn(i for sdm T. sems s. the mind; 
 ts'dm hruk vb. T. sems-Mrug to be troubled 
 in mind; ts'dm diik-bam vb. to be anxious, 
 disturbed in mind; tsdm ndt vb. id.; e. 
 c. ny6t md-lel-nd tet tsdm ndt to be troub- 
 
 "tsa— *tsu 
 
 311 
 
 led in mind till the field should be 
 finished; li sd-lom lei M-sdn-pu-re tsdm 
 ndt to be troubled in mind as to how the 
 house should be finished. 
 
 *tsa 1. T. tsva s. salt; L. vom; tsa-Kun 
 T. tiva-Mun s. a salt-mine. 
 
 *tsa 2. T. ts'a, tsa{-ba) adj. s. hot, heat, 
 (as spice, water) tsa cu T. tsa cu s. hot 
 water; hin tsa bam the ginger is hot. 
 See pur. 
 
 *tsa 3. for T. 'tsal, 'tsal-lo e. c. pyok 
 tsa T. pyag 'tsal-ba vb; hu-ka pyok-tia 
 prostrate yourself before him P.; go ma- 
 tsa-nd I shall not prostrate. See tsa. 
 
 *tsa 4 T. tsad, see *tsd; tsa-ddn T. 
 tsad-ldan adj. moderate, temperate, tsa- 
 ddn tet adv. moderately, tsa-ddn mat vb. 
 to be moderate, temperate. 
 
 *tsa T. tsa-tsa s. figures made of rice, 
 ground and boiled, used at the rdm-fat 
 q. cfr.; tsa kon T. tm-Kan s. the place 
 where they are deposited, used incorrectly 
 by the Lepchas for the figures themselves. 
 tsa-de s. a bamboo-dish. 
 * tsa-rd s. a present (from superior to 
 inferior) riim-niin kd-snm tia-ro a-ryum 
 ndn fat God has endued me with a good 
 dowry G. — fe'a-rd dfnn s. a kind of cloth ; 
 tsa-rd ul vb. to beg for present. See 
 tidn-ron. 
 
 *tsa-le T. tsa-le s. borax. 
 *tsak see ts6k. 
 *tsan i. q. tsoii. q. cfr. 
 *tsat T. tsad cfr. tset. 
 *isans.T.7rafeawresp.: Jj. a-bryan a name. 
 *tsap s. T. ts'abs (fear, danger) tsap ci 
 adj. dangerous; ts'ap ddk da to be dan- 
 gerously ill. 
 
 *tsam (T. mtsam^ s. intermediate space, 
 interstice, etc.) ts'am-tsii T. mtsams-rtsi 
 more than convenient superabundance, 
 tsam byi vb. to give superabundance. 
 
 tsar tsar adv. sharply tsar tsar let vb. 
 to cut sharply, man sut tsar-tsar glyot zo 
 vb. to let fat fall with gnashing sound 
 (as when melted) and eat. 
 
 *tsu 1. T. ts'e s. life, a life-time, tw kat 
 a life-time; tsii fok kat a life-time, ge- 
 
312 
 
 *tSu— *tset 
 
 tSet— *tSon 
 
 neration; tm tan-bo a short life, tm hrydn- 
 bo a long ditto; a-do tm sd-tet nyi-wun 
 go what it your age; it is used also for 
 md-rum the allotted period of life, but 
 I think incorrectly, as tsu-ka md-t'yin-nd 
 tet mak vb. to die before one's predestined 
 time ; tM mok-sd md-nyin-nun everlasting 
 life. 
 
 *tsu2. IMegs adj. troublesome, difficult, 
 hard, rin tiu tm very difficult language. 
 
 *tsu-bo T. srin-po, si'in-mo s. a sylvan 
 demon, tm-mo a female demon. 
 
 *tsuk T. tiig s. word; tsuk cet s. a con- 
 traction of word, syncope; tmk pdt or 
 tsuk krok s. a sentence; tiuk-prol s. syllable; 
 tmk-du s. 1. a vocabulary 2. abbreviation 
 (see co); tmk (or min) zdt s. a dictionary; 
 tmk krok a-hrydn md-mat-tun do not make 
 long sentences; tmk zo fap vb. to give 
 in a word, to add .fuel to fire (in dispute) 
 tsuk-ka U so-n6n vb. to lodge a complaint; 
 byi-sdn tmk md-nyin-ne there was no pro- 
 mise to give; kd-sii tmk a-lom U my 
 words were thus. 
 
 tsuk-zo vb. to prompt. M. 
 
 *tsut 1. T. 'tmd (-pa) vb. 1. to enter 
 into, to be contained in a-lut-ka tmt to 
 enter into the heart; fydn-ka tmt vb. to 
 fall into the hands of enemy; duk-ka 
 tmt vb. to be plunged in grief — also 
 used in sense of "to be engaged or 
 occupied in". — 2. to condemn e. c. 
 hryvvi tmt vb. to condemn to punishment. 
 3. to please cfr. a-mik-ka tsut. 
 
 tsut 2. vb. to be right, correct, tmt-ld ' 
 pi vb. to write correctly. 
 
 *tsiip 1. T. tmb{-ma) s. trouble, tempest 
 tmp can adj. tempestuous, troublous; sd 
 m-tmp s. trouble of mind; td-lyan tmp 
 adj. tempestuous; tmp-lok T. tmb-log s. 
 spirits to be depressed of the passion or 
 excitement, reaction. 
 
 tsup 2. for sup vb. to close up, to stop 
 up as holes. 
 
 *tsel T. tsad(-ma') cfr. ts'dt s. 1. measure, 
 distance, moderation, temperance, limi- 
 tation; tset kydp vb. to measure, to rule, 
 to mark out; — 2. distance, tset-bam vb. 
 
 to be moderate, to be temperate; to be 
 middling; — 3. used also in sense of 
 alternative tiiet md-nyin-ne: fyd md-nyin- 
 ne; — 4. used also in sense of power, 
 also independence, authority; virtues, good 
 qualities, tset-nyim-bo s. an independent 
 Tpersou,'tset md-nyin-num-bo s. one under 
 authority; md-ro tkt-bo md-nyirir-ne there 
 is no one possessing such virtues to be 
 found. 
 
 tset s. difficulty, trouble; k6m tset-ndn- 
 ne without money he is in difficulty. 
 
 tsen see tsen; see po tsen (Jo 2). 
 
 *tsem T. ts'ems hon. s. tooth pd-no tsem 
 the king's tooth; pd-7io-sd tsem-Un T. 
 tiems-Un the king's tooth-picker. 
 
 *tso 1. T. feow, fobs s colour; fob b6n 
 vb. to dye, to colour, fob nyv id.; tso set 
 vb. (colour) to fade; fob ya non id.; tso 
 sim-non the colour is fixed, provbly. it 
 cannot now be helped, there is no remedy. 
 
 *tso 2. T. tsogs s. an assembly, a so- 
 ciety, a band, a company, flock, herd; 
 l.-nun tso di nyi yan li-lun L. said: a 
 troop cometh G ; — forms the T. plur. 
 when affixed to substantives. 
 
 *tso 3. T. mcod(-pa) s. an offering, a 
 sacrifice; *fob pu vb. to offer offering or 
 sacrifice; — *ts'o-dydn an altar i. q. mcod- 
 rten: co-ten orig. a chaitya; — *ts'o-s6 s. 
 a sacrifice, an offering of flesh T. mcod- 
 sa; — tiio-pd for T. mcod-pa s. offering; 
 — t^o-pot s. fruit- offering. See under 
 coin. 
 
 *tso-ge cfr. ye-se-ts'o-ge. 
 
 *tSo-ja T. ts'o-bya s. "the lake-bird" 
 ace. W. Yanellus cristatus R. 208. 
 
 *tso-di perhaps T. bsod-bde s. fate, luck, 
 fortune; tso-di-nyim-bo s. a fortunate per- 
 son, tso-di-nun dydn forsaken by fortune, 
 tso-di kin-tsum pi-bo ton it is the will of 
 the writer of destiny. 
 
 *Uoh also tson T. fobw s. merchandise, 
 traffic; tson mat vb. to trade, to traffic; 
 tson-da T. tson-dus s. a fair, a market, 
 tson-du tsdk vb. to establish a bazar, a 
 market; tson-bo s. a merchant, trader; 
 tson-pd7i s. a chief-merchant, tson-li s. a 
 
* tsom-tsom— tsdr 
 
 za — za 3. 
 
 313 
 
 shop J. tson-ldm s. traffic, trade. — 2. the 
 Limbu-tribe ace. Hooker I, 137 fr. T. 
 tsaii proT. of Tsaii; ace. M. W. the "mer- 
 chant-people ;" tson-kyoii n. pr. of a village, 
 the "Limbu-village" W. 71. 
 
 *tsom-tsom T. tsom-tsom s. hesitation, 
 wavering, ts'om ts'om mat vb. to hesitate, 
 to waver. 
 
 tsor-ra adj. jungly, overgrown with 
 jungle, ts'or-rd tsor-7'd id. ; tb'or-rd tior-rd 
 dydn vb. to fling away; nyot tior-rd tsor-rd 
 lin-n&n the field is overgrown with jungle. 
 
 tsd cfr. ce-ts6 see ce. 
 
 *ts(5 T. 'tdod vb. to have correct aim, 
 to be a good shot- or markman; do ko 
 tso vb. to aim well with stones; sd-dydr 
 mi ts6 vb. to be a good shot with gun; 
 tson tsd vb. to be a good archer. — is'6m-bo 
 a good shot? 
 
 *ts6k 1. T. fs'eg, s. a stop, period in 
 writing, a colon, used also by Lepcha's 
 incorrectly for a line, tsdk kydp vb. t. to 
 fix a stop; the Lepcha stops are made 
 thus ):(, 2. incorr. to rule ("Linien 
 Ziehen"). See ts'ak. 
 
 *ts(5k 2. T. 'tsaffi-pa) vb. 1. to filter, to 
 strain, to percolate, to defecate; 2. to 
 filter, to sift a question. See tsdk. 
 
 *tsdn (also tso/i) T. 't^'an{-ba) vb. n. 1. 
 to be right, upright, correct, pure, holy, 
 just, to be perfect, to be completed, per- 
 fected, 2. to agree, to accord with in 
 what is right. — ts'dn-ld adv. holy, pu- 
 rely etc. — a-tson and a-tson adj. clean 
 (as body), pure (as heart), virtuous, good, 
 holy; — tuk-tson and tun-tson adj. pure, 
 holy; lovely, beautiful. 
 
 *tsdp T. tsah s. an equivalent, a re- 
 presentative, a deputy, *ku tsop-bo "he 
 that is sent" T. sku and tsab-po inter- 
 cessor, representative J. 
 
 *tsdm 1., a-tsdm T. mts'ams s. 1. a boun- 
 dary, limit, 2. intermedium, middle, tsom 
 met adjly. boundless, unlimited; kun tsdm 
 s. boundary of vegetation, kun tsdm po 
 ts'dm the boundary or line beyond which 
 no tree or bamboo grow. See also ts'am. 
 
 *tsdm 2. (i. q. 1. see Jaschke s. v. 
 mtsams) s. ascetism, *tsom-bo s. a hermit 
 i. q. ts'om cet nan-bo; — *ts6m gon s. a 
 hermitage. 
 
 tsdr 1. onom. a smashing sound, as of 
 tree falling tsor-ld grik; — tsor-ld glo vb. 
 to fall with a smashing sound. 
 
 tsdr 2., a-tsdr s. kind, description, a- 
 tsor a-tidr of different description. 
 
 za the twentieth letter of the L alpha- 
 bet T. 3 ace. M. as z in zenith, in Ti- 
 betan words i. q. ^ ds e. c. zok T. 'dsag 
 (-pa), z6 T. mdsos, zam-bu lin T. dsam- 
 bu glin etc. 
 
 za 1. adv. afterwards, the future, zd- 
 jam-md adv. ever; zd-jam-md kd-&u ton- 
 ka nyi-so it will ever be my wish; zd- 
 tsdn-ka adv. afterwards P., zd-lon adv. 
 afterwards, the future; zd-ba adv. when 
 after, after a long while; zd-sdn-te adv. 
 till when; ever, till eternity; zd-ik i. q. 
 ik-zd q. cfr. afterwards; cfr. nap-zd. — 
 
 a-zd adj. future, adv. afterwards, after, 
 a-zd tsdn-ka adv. afterwards, a-zd hn a- 
 dek-ka in the end, a-zd-sd a-gek a future 
 birth, a-zd a-vun kat-ka ndk-kd-o look to 
 the future consequences, a-zd a-vun kat- 
 ka Id-yo zdk-so afterwards in the course 
 of time you will suffer for it. See je 2. 
 
 za 2., za-za adv. here and there, zd zd 
 pld vb. to issue from different places, 
 zd zd lira vb. to tear in diifereut pieces. 
 
 za 3. (cfr brd zd under brd, brdm) s. a 
 wedge (for placing in eye of hatchet 
 etc. etc. to render tight the handle or 
 
 20* 
 
314 
 
 za— zan 
 
 zdn — zdn 
 
 for splitting wood), kun zd s. a woodeii 
 wedge, zd kyop vb. to fix in ditto. 
 
 za 4. T. 'dsol(-ba) vb. to err, to mistake, 
 
 to blunder, rin zd vb. to make an error 
 
 in speech; lorn zd vb. to miss the way. 
 
 sak zd vb. to make one's ears or head 
 
 ring with noise. 
 
 *za-gat perhaps for T. rdsas and L. gat 
 
 s. a tax, or duty on merchandise, custom, 
 
 tariff, zd-gat gyom vb. to collect tariff. 
 
 zd-iia zan-na see zdn and under nyoo\ 
 
 za-nyo-fo s. magpie, robin. See zo-nyit-fo. 
 
 za tuii-mik incorr. for zo ton-mik see 
 
 ton-mik. 
 
 zdk vb. to rule, to draw line. See 
 tiok. 
 
 zak vb. to discover, to detect, to hit 
 upon, cin ndk yan md-zdh-ne tho' I think 
 and examine I cannot make it out. — vb. 
 to hit, to strike, to take effect as any- 
 thing, to be right, to be correct, to fall 
 into difficulty etc., to suffer as punish- 
 ment etc.; see du zdk, duk zdk, — zdk-bo 
 adj. correct, md-zdk-ne adj. incorrect; — 
 appears to be used in sense of "near" 
 or "towards" as 16m zdk-bo vyen door 
 next the road, street-door; — attached 
 to; — a-zdk adj. correct, right, dyok a-zdk 
 zuk vb. to perform work correctly, rin 
 a-zdk li vb. to speak correctly. — Caus. 
 zdk kon e. c. pd-yuk zdk kon to fall upon 
 with the sword. 
 
 zan 1. vb. t. to prick forward ears, 
 a-nyor zdn or sun-zdn mat vb. to prick 
 forward ears. 
 
 sun-zdn-ld pricking forward ears as dog, 
 horse, sun-zdn-ld mat vb. to prick forward 
 ears. — zd-nd zdn-nd see under nyor. 
 
 zaii 2., zdn like, after the manner of, 
 sd-re zdn like what, a-re zon like this, 
 hik zon like a cow, -re zdn after the 
 manner of, so-zdn re zdn nyon to feel 
 (after the manner of) cold; fam-cdn zdn 
 like a beast; sd-re zdn hd zuk-re zdn in 
 what manner art thou doing or a doer; 
 <idn-nun-ka go-nun mi-zdr lyan om-ka ha- 
 yu zdn ma-U-ne such as I never saw in 
 all the land of Egypt for badness Ex.; 
 
 zdn mat vb. to pretend, to make believe, 
 md-tyo-nd zdn mat to pretend not to have 
 heard, kd-sum fun-jum zdn mat vb. to 
 treat me as an enemy; — aihovii kd-ti zdn 
 about ten, nam fd-no zdn ndn-ne about 
 five years ago. — s. a certain (person etc.) 
 td-dyu mdt zdn-mo kat nyi there was a 
 certain woman P. ; — used also in sense 
 of fellow, companion, one's own kind, 
 sex, Idm-zdn s. fellow-traveller, ndn zdn 
 s. the inmate, vik-zdn s. comrade, lydn 
 mat zdn playmate, td-do zdn our own 
 people; fam-cdn z6n s. fellow-creatures, 
 man; tam-bik iamrcdn sdt buk Id gdn dr 
 zdn-ka gek-md-o whoeYer killsatiryagyoni- 
 satva must be reborn as the same being 
 P. — See dyeii zdn, a-kup zdn,- num zdn. 
 
 zan, 3. zan, vb. to go out on business 
 or work, zdn -ndn to have gone out etc., 
 nydt zdn ndn go out to work in the field. 
 
 zdii 4. vb. n. to be striped (as cloth); 
 — a-zdn s. a stripe, adj. striped, diim 
 a-zdm a striped cloth; — sun-zan-ldsixeak- 
 ed, striped. 
 
 zaii 5. see sak zdn vb. n. to be dis- 
 heartened. 
 
 *zdn-zan good, allright; fr. T. bzan-po. 
 
 zat and zat 1. T. mdsod s. a treasury, 
 a store-room, repository, magazine, jer- 
 kdm zat s. a treasury; zo zat s. a granary; 
 min zdt s. a dictionary; zdt-pdn s. a trea- 
 surer. 
 
 zat 2. vb. n. to be fixed, to become 
 settled, tobecomefirm. zdt-ld adv.firmlyP. 
 
 zat 3. incorr. for zut q. v. 
 
 *zdt-pu T. mdsod-spu Skt. '^T^T s. a 
 single hair in the middle of a Buddha's 
 forehead, of wonderful effects. 
 
 zat-po gom T. bzod-pa dgam^-po) s. a 
 monastery or place of retirement to prac- 
 tice patience, zat-po gom barn^bo s. an 
 ascetic or hermit. 
 
 -zan or -zen an affix, which gives the 
 sense of "possessing" or the English 
 termination "-er," perhaps for T. Man e. 
 c. *gyo-zdn s. T. rgyo-ldan (pv Ijanf) a 
 fornicator. 
 
 zdn see zdn 8. 
 
"zan— za-gun 
 
 za-gyup — zam 
 
 315 
 
 *zan T. gzan(^-gos) s. an upper garment, 
 a cloak. 
 
 zdp-mo for zep-mo s. a basket. 
 
 zdm vb. n. to be very dry, to brittle 
 from dryness, to be sensible from dryness, 
 applied to the hair a-tsom zdm dak, also 
 to the skin md-zu zdm dak. — a-zdm adj. 
 brittle, ser a-zdm. 
 
 zam ipa-iwm 6ow 2a»i the rice has spring up. 
 
 z^r 1. (see also tsur) vb. n. to be bright, 
 to shine (as any thing), to be cheerful 
 as countenance; ^ar-ra zar-ra adv. bright 
 shining; zdr-bo s. anything bright; a 
 rupee Tbr. ; zdr-r a zdr-rd show j, beautiful 
 appearance, rip zdr-ra zdr-ra mat nan 
 the floorers to lie beautifully. — nwm-zdr 
 adj. brilliant, sparkling. — a-zdr adj. 
 bright, a-6m a-zdr a bright light. 
 
 *zar 2. a-zar (^zer T. gzer., zef) s. nail J. 
 
 zdl, zdl-la zal-la cfr. zdr-rd zdr-rd. 
 
 zai, fo zai the incisors. 
 
 *za s. T. gza s. a planet, after which 
 the days of the week are called; za dun 
 T. gzd bdun the seven p.'s: za-nyi-md T. 
 gza nyi-ma the sun, Sunday; za-da-wa 
 T. gzd zla-ha the moon, Monday; za-mik- 
 mar T. gzd-dmig-dmar Mars, Tuesday; 
 2a-AfoA-6oT.^0a-ZAa^-paMercury,'Wednes- 
 day; za-pur-bo T. gzd-pur-bu Jupiter, 
 Thursday; za-pa-sanT. gza-pa-sansNeimas, 
 Friday; za-pem-bo T. gzd-spen-pa Saturn, 
 Saturday, the above are the Tibetan de- 
 nominations. M. Gr. 140. 
 
 *za 2. T. gsal(-ba), mik za quick-(clear-) 
 sighted; nyor za quick of hearing. 
 
 za 3, sd-za-ld of different colours as 
 black and white, sd-za-ld mydn partly 
 ripe or cooked; mongrel. 
 
 za 4. T. rdsa-ma s. earthen ware, 
 pottery, za-byo s. a kind of cup; za- 
 din T. rdsa-cen s. a jar used by the 
 Lepcha's for a retort, see under blydn; 
 za din bam vb. or to have- fat belly, to 
 be pregnant Tbr. — za-ko fr. T. rdsas- 
 'Eor s. a round coil used to put under 
 vessels to keep them tight. 
 
 za-gun s. an eagle? M. 
 
 *za-gyup more correctly cd-gyHp fr. T. 
 
 Icags-sgyid s. an iron frame or stand for 
 placing pot on fire. 
 
 *za-j6r and ze-jor T. rdsas and sbyor 
 spices, drugs. 
 
 *za-ti T. dsa-ti s. nutmeg. 
 
 za-dya s. salutation, salam, za-dyd mat 
 vb. to salute. 
 
 *za-ru T. gzar-bu s. a ladle. 
 
 zak vb. to be tight, to be close, zak-ld 
 or zak-kd adv. tightly, closely, fully, brim- 
 ful, zak-kd dam vb. to tie tightly; zak-ld 
 nan to be closely, zak-kd blydn brimful. 
 
 zap 1. vb. t. to stretch out, as string, 
 anything, zan hydn vb. to hang up 
 stretched out as line. 
 
 (zan 2 ) a-zan expletive to a-fik q. v. 
 
 zat vb. to split, kun zat to split wood; 
 a-li zak to split tongae. 
 
 zan 1. said when the sun has reached 
 about it's 1th quarter, when light is fully 
 diffused, zan li about 10 o'clock. 
 
 zan 2. vb. to bully, to oppress, to be 
 harsh with, to abuse; — zan-nd adv. 
 harshly, oppressively. 
 
 zan 3. vb. to mix, to mingle, as persons 
 or things; — a-zan s. mixing, mingling, 
 a-zan rin mixed language, zo a-zan m. 
 rice (of different species). 
 
 zap 1. vb. to be or to place compactly, 
 to cover over (as body with dress), dum 
 zap-lun to vb. to dress so as not expose 
 one's body indecently, zap -pd zap-pd na 
 to be secured safely. — %d-zii sd-zap close 
 together, &d-zv, sd-zap nan vb. to sit close 
 together. 
 
 zap 2. zap-pa zop-pa coarsely as work, 
 zap^d zop-pd zuk vb. to work badly or 
 so as to injure. 
 
 *zap-t(5 (perhaps fr.) T. gzab-rtags "be- 
 tokening magnificence" s. form, figure, 
 shape, used generally in a bad sense as 
 for wretched figure as a-do zap-to re your 
 fine figure?, a-do zap-to ayo expression 
 of contempt. 
 
 zam 1. vb. n. to ache as from labour, 
 zon rm,n bv,-ba a-tyak zam the head aches 
 from much-carrying. 
 
 zam 2. vb. t. to pair, to couple, to 
 
816 
 
 zam— zu 
 
 "^zu — *zum 
 
 collect. — a-zam s. a pair, a couple, a-zam 
 mat vb. to pair. 
 
 zam 3. vb. to malleate lightly and re- 
 gularly; ban zam rb. to repair ban by 
 lightly malleating; zam zam buk vb. to 
 beat lightly all over (as to render meat 
 tender etc.); zam zam hal vb. to break 
 into pieces by beating regularly all over; 
 a-M zam to be clever. 
 
 zam 4 zam-ma zam-ma i. q. jum-mdjum- 
 md, zam-md zam-md fydn vb. to smile. 
 sum-zam fair, pretty, good, applied only 
 to face, sum-zam tet ryu a pretty good face. 
 
 *zam-bu (shd. be rather jam-bu Skt. 
 jambu) the name of a fabulous tree in Asia, 
 \enc& zam-buKni\ie continent of Asia, (Skt. 
 ^H^^^)0aw-JM-Z«w-6o an Asiate, an Indian. 
 
 zam-sun taii dar mft a collection of god- 
 esses P. (fr. zam 2?) or zum-lun t. d. m. 
 
 zar 1. vb. to bear seed of fruit-shape, 
 as potatoe. 
 
 zar 2. vb. t. to correct, to punish, zar 
 fyet vb. to take revenge as injured hus- 
 band either by killing adulterer or taking 
 all his property. — fam-zar s. 1. correction, 
 rectification, amendment 2. punishment 
 chastisment, tam-zar to vb. to amend, 
 to correct, to punish, zo f. z. to place 
 out rice to dry Tbr. (lit. "to improve"). 
 
 zar 3. see zur. 
 
 zai vb. 1. to be diminutive, not to have 
 arrived at maturity (plants, fruit), 2. to 
 nibble, fo zal tsuk vb. to nibble; zal-ld 
 zal-ld adv. slightly, little, not to have 
 reached maturity (as potatoes etc.) zal-ld 
 zal-ld gydn vb. to teaze a little; zal-ld 
 zal-ld not vh. to cut a little, zal-ld zal-ld 
 non: buk zal-ld zal-ld non potatoes to have 
 run to seed. 
 
 zal 2. zul-la zai-la snatched, z-iil-ld zal- 
 ld zdk to be snatched. 
 
 zi vb. to embellish, to adorn see zuk. 
 
 *zim cfr. ziim, zimjdkvh. to go to sleep. 
 
 zil-la zai-la i. q. zal-ld zal-ld q. v. 
 
 zu 1. see muk zu thick fog. 
 
 zu 2. vb. n. to be striped as cloth zu 
 zu in showers (to fall, tears). - sd-zu s. 
 stripes, adj. striped. 
 
 *zu 3. vb. t. T. gzigs(-pa) hon. for L. 
 si to look upon, to look down upon, to 
 see; to perceive, to know by seeing 
 M. 133, pd-no zu (the king) to look; — zu- 
 loun s. appearance, pd-nyom ta-not-sd zu- 
 wiin having the appearance of an old man 
 P. — sd-zii s. pretence, sham, sd-zu mat 
 vb. to sham, mik-krap sd-zu mat to pretend 
 to be asleep, ddk-kun-sd sd-zii mat to 
 sham sickness. 
 
 zu 4. see bok zH s. a torch. 
 
 *zu 5. pum-zH T. gzi s. splendour, glory. 
 
 *zu 6. T. ze see p'ak-zii. 
 
 zu t'am-blyak s. a species of butterfly. 
 
 zuk vb. to be pretty, to be handsome 
 as man or thing, zHk-zHk mat vb. to be 
 conceited, zOk-zHk mat-bo s. a fop, a beau. 
 — a-zHk adj. very good, excellent, beau- 
 tiful, lovely: a-go a-zuk, charming, in- 
 dustrious, bik-gu a-zOk an excellent cow; 
 ha a-zHk gum he is industrious. 
 
 zun 1. vb. to stir up, to turn over and 
 over, as rice in pot. ^ 
 
 *zun 2. vb. T. 'dsin(-pa), bzun (to be 
 affected, captivated)? to be choke-full, 
 to have no room to move. 
 
 zut 1. close, a-mik zut-td zut-td li eyes 
 to feel heavy; a-zHt adv. near, by the 
 side of, a-zitt-sd id., ziit-ka or zdt-ka Y. 
 J. Gr. id. ; — a-zut-nan-bo s. a neighbour, 
 a-ziit-bam-bo s. id., incorr. also zdt. 
 
 zut 2. tur-zut s. Tbr. dawn, early dawn, 
 tHr-zHt lun dawn to appear. 
 
 zun 1. see pyen-bo. 
 
 *zun 2. T. rdsun see under den. 
 
 *zun 3. T. 'dsun(-pa) vb. t. to over- 
 come, to subdue, vb. u. to be overcome, 
 to be condemned, to be pronounced 
 guilty, nydm zHn to confess fault. 
 
 *zup T. 'jib{-pa^ vb. t. to suck, draw 
 up, absorb. 
 
 zum 1. s. a patient, a sick person, an 
 invalid; ziim Idt vb. to relapse, zHm sd 
 dyet to be convalescent, ziim sd dyet-bo 
 adj. convalescent. 
 
 *zum 2. or zim T. gzim^-pa) hon. to 
 sleep L. mik-krap, pd-no ziim; Comp. 
 *ziim kur T. gzim gur s. a sleeping-tent; 
 
zur— "znn 
 
 zun — *zer 
 
 317 
 
 — *zum Kep T. gzim-Kebs s. coverlet for 
 king's bed; — *zum 'Sun T. gzim cun s. 
 a bedchamber, sleeping-appartment; — 
 *zum pan T. gzim dpon s. a chamberlain; 
 
 — *zum mal or zum me T. gzim mal s. 
 bedding, mattress. — *ziim yol T. gzim 
 yol s. curtains of bed; — *zum hri T. 
 gzim Kri s. a bedstead; — *zibm sa-ta-mo 
 s. T. gzim zal-ta-ma s. a chambermaid. 
 
 zur Tb. n. to be abashed, to hang down 
 head from shame. 
 
 zu 1. s. a line, yvJe zu s. a line of book. 
 
 *zu 2. T. gzugs s. body, net zu-ho a 
 diseased body. 
 
 zu 3. zu-m 7b. n. to live, to be alive, 
 as person etc., tree, buk-nun zu to live 
 on yam; zo-niin zu to live on rice; zum 
 kon let him live; zu I6t or Idt zu to re- 
 vive, to come to life again; zu hron vb. 
 to rise up to life as from sickness; zum 
 md-Kun-ne to be unable to survive; zum 
 fok s. life-time, zum fok-ka during life- 
 time; zum fyd s. resources. — a-zum or 
 a-zum-bo adj. living, alive, quick J., raw, 
 unripe; s. life, natural state, a-zum a-mak 
 md-fyak-ne not to care for life or death, 
 a-zum kd-kar mak vb. to die suddenly; 
 a-zum tydm mak id; mik md-krap-nd a- 
 zum da nyi to lie wide awake. 
 
 (zu 4.) zu-t, zu-ld zu-ld lying scattered 
 as fruit fam-pot zu-ld zu-ld; zut-td zut- 
 td id. 
 
 zuk 1. vb. t. to cook M. 143. 
 
 zuk 2. vb. t. imp. zuk-kd, pret. zuk fat, 
 p. pret. zuk-ban to do, to make, to work 
 dyok zuk vb. to work, to-nun zuk re who 
 did it? zuk-ld md-zuk-ne it is not my 
 work, I have not done it; rwm zuk vb. 
 to perform the services of God. zuk zuk 
 vb. to work often; zuk-bo p. ffcciens, zuk 
 lel-bo s. one who has finished work. — 
 zuk tom-bo see under Eor jH. 
 
 *zun 1. T. gzun(^-ba) vb. to conceive, 
 to take into mind, to know by heart, to 
 comprehend. 
 
 *zun 2. T. gzuns (s. a charm) it is used 
 by the L.'s for an animal set apart for 
 sacrifice or offering to deity, zun cdk vb, 
 
 to set apart ditto; zun-pdn s. the sacri- 
 ficial priest. 
 
 zun 3., zun with md-zO, or mw gives a 
 signification of fear for evil spirit mu 
 zun to have dread of evil spirit; mw zHn- 
 niin-sd td-ayu-mot a devilish-looking 
 woman. 
 
 zun 4. kun zun large branches of trees. 
 
 zut 1. vb. to scour, to clean, to wash. 
 
 zut 2. see zu 2. 
 
 zun see zun 3. 
 
 zum see zu 3. 
 
 *zum T. 'dsom(-pa) vb. to meet together, 
 to assemble, to come together P. 2. adv. 
 together, zum bam to live together, zum 
 zuk to do anything conjointly, tson zum 
 mat to trade in partnership, tson zum- 
 mat-sdn partners in trade. — zum-bo s. 
 a number, crowd, fiock M. 118. — zum- 
 lyan s. place of assembly. — a-zum s. 
 joint partnership, adj. common, belonging 
 to many, a-zum-sd nyot a field, the pro- 
 perty of a partnership, a-zum-sd mlo a-til 
 mat to make a common property one's 
 own, a-zum-sd dyok a partnership-work, 
 a-zum-sd a-bryan a common name, gii.n- 
 nd-sd a-zum-ka li to speak on general 
 topics. — zum-c6 s. disputation, argument 
 zum-co kyop vb. to argue, to dispute a case. 
 
 zur 1., zar-ra zur-ra adv. in different, 
 various directions, zar-rd zur-rd li vb. 
 (people) to speak from different places, 
 zar-rd zur-rd bu vb. to split in different 
 directions; zar-rd zur-rd 16m s. roads 
 lying in various directions. — a-zur adj., 
 a-zur a-zur bu vb. to crack in different 
 places. 
 
 zur 2., lio-zur s. a species of fish. 
 
 ze 1. i. q. za vb. to be quick of sight 
 or hearing. 
 
 *ze 2. T. rdsas see za-j&r. 
 
 *zet T. gzed, 'dsed vb. to hold, to clasp. 
 
 zen see -zdn. See also non zen. 
 
 *zep-mo T. gzeb-ma, gzed-ma used by 
 Lepchas for any basket, a cage. 
 
 *zer T. gzer s. a peg, a pin, zer dop T. 
 gzer rdebs-pa to drive or knock in pin, 
 dop-fo id. See zdr. 
 
318 
 
 zer»l)o^zo zdm 
 
 zo— zo-Sdp 
 
 zer-bo Tbr. i. q. kom. kat a rupee 
 M. 132. 
 
 ZO, zdm 1. T. za(-ba), bza(-ba) I. vb. to 
 eat (applied simply tp eating rice or 
 vegetable; fa for meat etc.) it is also 
 used like the Hindi khdnd in sense of 
 "receiving," taking as gi zo to take bribe, 
 fa-tin zo-ka no go and receive punish- 
 ment, ban zo-ka no go and get killed, 
 it is also used in sense of "to live upon" 
 as dyok zuk-lun zo to live upon the fruits 
 of one's labour, an-zo mat-lun zo to live 
 upon the fruits of oppression. It is also 
 used in sense of to attend, to take eagerly 
 as rin md-zo-ne he does not attend to 
 (or receive) words; zo lyo-non Tbr. to be 
 dead. — zom tup or zom cok fit for eating 
 zdm md-fup-ne not fit to eat, zom sak di 
 vb. to feel appetite to eat. — zom-mu an 
 eatable appearance. — zom-bo eating; 
 z6m-bo mun s. the devouring evil. — zo- 
 sum-bo adj. edible. 
 
 Deriv. zom, a-zom s. food of every 
 kind (not including flesh); dinner, a-zdm 
 Ke-non vb. to be abundant; a-zom Idt vb. 
 to relish food; a-zom md-ldt-ne not to r. 
 f. ; a-zom lot-di come to dinner; a-zom 
 a-fan meat and drink; a-zom a-fan cet- 
 non to leave off food, a-zom a-fan byi-bo 
 table-attendants (as in sickness); a-zom, 
 a-fan lyot ydm-bo a hospitable person; 
 a-zom zdm lel-lun supper being ended J.; 
 a-zdm-sd a-lut s. a delicacy: zdm-lyan s. 
 an eating place, dining room. — zdt s. T. 
 zas food, un vdn pld-lun zdt top-so he 
 shall go in and out and find pasture J. 
 
 n. s. 1. grain of any kind but chiefly 
 used by itself to express "rice"; 2. fuel, 
 see mi zo tap; zo cu s. rice or food 
 carried for journey; it is used also in the 
 sense of destiny, as zo-cii mdk-kHn-sd mak- 
 so when one's destiny is completed he 
 will die; zo ka one's portion of food, 
 food, zo pd-dydr, zo lek and zo ayen 
 various specc. of rice, zo pd-dam s. a 
 rice-holder, zo tdn-bo s. a rice-basket, zo 
 ndp s. a spec, of weevil. 
 
 a-zo s. the taste of fruit, the flavour. 
 
 the food of birds, a-zo tap byi vb. 1. to 
 give food to birds, 2. to bait bird-trap. 
 
 zo 2. precipitous or semivertical W. 60. 
 zo-ld hanging in clusters, showers of 
 water, a-tsdm zo-ld bu vb. to wear hair 
 hanging in dishevelled locks, zo-ld nan 
 vb. to hang in clusters as creepers, 
 branches of trees etc. zo-ld a-fyak-ka 
 Idk-kd-o pour it in showers over the head. 
 
 *zo 3. T. bzo(-ba) vb. to make, to form, 
 to fabricate, to work, to make impression 
 on, to have effect, e. c. kun-ka prit md- 
 zo-ne the axe makes no impression on 
 the tree, md-zH-ka mon md-zo-ne the 
 medicine does not work, makes no im- 
 pression, a-Mt-ka rin md-zo-ne the words 
 have no effect on his heart. — zo-bo s. 
 an artisan, a worker, maker, a mechanic 
 e. c. kun zo-bo s. a carpenter, dUm zo-bo 
 s. a tailor or maker of cloth, Idn zo-bo 
 s. a mason, a stone-cutter, li zo-bo s. a 
 house-builder, zo-pdn s. a master-workman, 
 a chief-artisan; zo kor-bo s. a turner. 
 Compounds : gi-zo see under gi; — rin-zo 
 to address; — ryak-zo to violate oath; — 
 sak-zo to think, to consider, sak-zo to to 
 remind; — tsuk-zo to prompt, tsuk zo tap 
 vb. to give complaisant words. — zo-nyen 
 used in sense of pretence, sham, zo-nyen 
 mat vb. to pretend, to sham i. q. sd-zO, 
 mat ^ee zu; mik-krap zo-nyen mat to 
 pretend to be asleep. 
 
 *zo 4. T. gzo{-bd) vb. to acknowledge, 
 to admit, to own, to remember, *knn zo 
 vb. to be grateful, krin md-zo-ne to be 
 ungrateful; T. drin gzo. 
 
 zo-nyft-fo (see zd-nyo-fo) s. the magpie, 
 robin, Copsychus saularis M. Je 2,115. 
 
 zo-nyo s. a species of fern. 
 
 zo-nyo-lafl s. a crystal. 
 
 zo tuQ-dyu (see tun-dyu) s. a spec, of 
 spider. 
 
 zo-nun-fo s. a spec, blackbird Turdulus 
 Wardii. M. 
 
 zo-tsun-bo s. a species of beetle. 
 
 zo-ro see ban. 
 
 zo-Sdp tiik-nydm Tbr. for num-on tuk- 
 nydm Mantis religiosa. 
 
*zon— zdk 
 
 zdn— zdl 
 
 319 
 
 *zon 1. s. T. gzon s. a chisel, a gimlet. 
 
 ZOn 2. rum-zon pd-no s. the god of 
 waters, presented arms the ban, bow and 
 arrows to men and taught them to shoot 
 fish; his wife: nd-li pun-di. 
 
 zop vb. to tread or knead with feet, 
 also to press together with hand as mouth 
 of basket etc; used also in sense of to 
 oppress, to suffocate, md-rd nan-zop vb. 
 to screw down a person, hik tiik tuk tok 
 zap to twist neck of fowl. — pd-zop s. 
 a sort of basket larger at bottom than 
 top no-pd-zop. — zap-pd zop-pd see zap, 
 sup-zop-ld drawing together, as mouth of 
 bag, s.-z.-ld mat vb. to draw together (as 
 mouth of bag). 
 
 zor 1. a-zor s. a pair, a couple (as 
 cock and hen), a-zor md-nyin-num-bo s. 
 a widow Tbr. 
 
 zor 2, sa-zor-la long pointed as ears 
 a-nyor sd-zor-ld. 
 
 *zd 1. T. mdsos vb. n. to be elegant, 
 to be magnificent, to have fine appearance, 
 to be splendid, ndk-ba z6 nyi the appear- 
 ance is beautiful, z6 dot vb. to beautify. 
 
 zd 2. vb. t. to hang up to dry, as meat, 
 clothes. 
 
 zd 3. fyu z6 s. a Hindustani cooking- 
 vessel: tun-li, probably from its more 
 handsome (z6 1.) appearance than the 
 Tibetan. 
 
 zd rdn-mo (tdn-bo) accv M. Tbr.: the 
 world. (?) "■ 
 
 *zdk 1. T. 'dsag{-pd) vb. n. to drop, to 
 fall in drops. 
 
 zdk 2. zok fat s. earth L. Pr. — (aTii- 
 zok s. all jungle fWIit, yams etc. in opp. 
 to rice, which ife the chief nd-m&i' the 
 staple-food; — pd-zdk, pun-zok s. the 
 forest, the jungle, uncultivated land, pd- 
 zok-sd adjly. of or belonging to jungle, 
 wild, uncultivated; pd-z6k mi ryek cdk 
 vb. to burn the jungle; pd-z6k sdt\h. to 
 clear jungle; — pd-zdk kup a an illegiti- 
 mate child; pd-zok-bam-bo adj. s. a dweller 
 (dwelling) in the woods, a forester; a 
 Tustic; pd-zok gyu-nyim-bo. s. adj. (one) 
 acquainted with the woods, a skilful 
 
 forester; pd-z6k mun s. an evil spirit of 
 jungle; pd-zdk td-kryok s. jungle, bush- 
 wood, wild, uncultivated place. 
 
 zdii 1. see under zdn. 
 
 *zdn 2. T. bzan vb. n. to be good, zon 
 bam; md-zu zdn good health, hd md-zu 
 zdn-d are you well? md-zu md-zdn-ne 
 to be in bad health. — *zdn len T. bzan 
 Ian s. a return for good, a good return, 
 gratitude, remuneration, zdn len cik or 
 byi vb. to remunerate, to make a good 
 return, zdn-nun-ka jdn len cik to return 
 evil for good. — a-zdn adj. good, efficacious 
 (as medicine). 
 
 zdn 3. a-zdn T. gcun(^-po') s. 1. a younger 
 brother-in-law, 2. husband of father's sister. 
 
 zdn 4. T. 'dsans(-pa) vb. n. to be gone, 
 to be expended, to be spent, used also 
 by Lepcha's incorrectly for "to be sold" 
 as bik zdn ndn the cow is sold. 
 
 zdii 5. zdn vb. to depart, dy. hu-do lo- 
 kruk-sdn-sd kd-ta-ka nd-var-ka md-vdn-ne 
 yan-ld hit lo-h'uk-sdn kd-ta zon ndn J. 
 went not with his disciples into the boat, 
 but that his disciples were gone away 
 alone J. zdn cdm vb. to leave, a-bo-niin 
 kd-siim kd-ta zdn md-cdm-ne the father 
 hath not left me alone J. — zdn adj. 
 alone, kat-zdn id., affix: only, merely, 
 a-tet zdn only so much, kani zdn adv. a 
 little M., only a little. 
 
 zdn 6. vb. to exceed, to abound, to be 
 excessive, kdm zdn to have abundance 
 of money; rin zdn gdn a-fo rdl-liin kd vi 
 cik-so if you talk so much I will dash 
 ybur teeth out and weigh them in my 
 hand; — to be excessive, more than 
 sufficient ndr zdn ndn steel to be over- 
 tempered; — met. ddn zdn adj. brazen- 
 faced, vb. to be audacious; iak zdn to be 
 dismayed, deteriorated, blunted; — to be 
 great, large, numerous, pun zdn s. a crowd, 
 a herd, a flock, mk pun zdn s. a large 
 army; mik krap zdn deep sleep. — to be 
 wild, incultivated, a-zdn (opp. a-fyan) adj. 
 wild, uncultivated. 
 
 zdt vb. t. (see zo?) to graze, to pastur- 
 age — a-zdt s. pasture,- food for cattle 
 
320 
 
 dtz— zdl 
 
 ya— ya 
 
 and beasts, (a-)zdt lyan s. pasturage, 
 place for grazing, no a-z6t md-nyin-ne 
 the fish have nothing to feed upon; bik 
 gu zdt-non the cows have gone to graze. 
 
 zdt see zo; sak zdt to be cheerful, 
 rin zot-lun li to speak purely. 
 
 Z(5n s. creatures, men: zon kup, z6n 
 nyin kup; zon nyin s. ofi'springs, descen- 
 dants. — a-z6n s. grandchild, posterity. 
 
 z6n see zon. 
 
 zdp (see zop) vb. t. to tie together, to 
 bind together, to combine; — pun-zdp 
 adj. firmly bound together; ban pun-zdp 
 a knife made of hammered iron (from 
 pieces). 
 
 zdm 1. see zo. 
 
 zdm 2. vb. t. to press down, to keep 
 down as by weight, to compress together 
 
 as teeth in rage, zom-Hn dam vb. to 
 press down and tie, li cap z6m to keep 
 down thatch as by placing weights. 
 
 zdm, 3. pun-zdm expletive to pun-jum 
 fiend, enemy. 
 
 z6r 1. (see z6k,pa-z6k') s. jungle, thicket. 
 
 zdr 2. s. a cracking or irritation be- 
 tween toes. 
 
 z6l 1. vb. n. to become old (as potatoes 
 etc. a-zol adj. old; 2. to be careless or 
 regardless as to one's words or actions, 
 to be unobservant of decency, to be 
 apathetic. 
 
 zdl 2, zdl zdl or sa-z6l s. a light laugh 
 opp. sak-prok a boisterous laugh, sd-z6l 
 fydn vb. to laugh merrily, sd-zol-bo adj. 
 merry. 
 
 ya the twenty-first letter of the L. alpha- 
 bet T. t^ = English y. 
 
 ya 1. verbal particle, perhaps M., n6n 
 yd-ba p. to go; — ydl-ld i. q. pu, go non 
 ydl-ld I may perhaps go, m ka gyek ydl-ld 
 whoever may be born, sd-tet nyi ydl-ld 
 how many may there be. 
 
 ya 2., yd, vb. yim; fut. yd-h, neg. md- 
 ydn-ne to know, to comprehend, to under- 
 stand, to be acquainted with, so-nap-nun 
 so-sdn md-yd-ne not to distinguish night 
 from daybreak; yd gdn md-yd-nun z6n 
 mat vb. to pretend not to know where 
 one does know P.; M yd-pa you know, 
 you know best; a-fin-re o-lom yd ban 
 when the lord knew J. mi mak md- 
 yd-ne to know no dying; ydl-ld md-ydn- 
 ne not to know at all, md-yd-nd-bo adj. 
 unknowingly, unexpectedly; hu-ka yd-sd 
 md-nyin-ne he has no consciousness, he 
 is dead; yd-tet dun vb. to tell as much 
 as one knows; yd-ld mat vb. to do know- 
 ingly, to learn, to know, to esteem, to 
 
 honour; yd-ld yd-ld mat advly. knowingly; 
 — to have the property of, to possess; 
 to resolve upon, to determine, nan-bi-niin 
 din md-yd-ne when sitting to have no 
 inclination to rise; — to be able, to can, 
 a-lo nydn yo lin md-yd-ne I have got in- 
 describable sensations. — yd-vmn s. know- 
 ledge, yd-vmn-re the k. — yam-bo one 
 acquainted with, one skilled in, a sharp, 
 intelligent person; ydm-bo-niin bon-kydn 
 tyii-ren mik-kydn tyii-ren si-wun yd-so an 
 intelligent person will understand by 
 merely seeing the oorner of the mouth 
 move or the corner of the eye twinkle. 
 
 yd-si T. ye-Ses vb. to become apparent, 
 yd-si-ld mat to obtain knowledge of, to 
 contrive, to find out, md-yd md-U-nun 
 kyol vb. to err thro' ignorance, ydm-sim 
 kon-nd be ye wise, md-yd md-U-ne to 
 be ignorant of, not to perceive, yd-pld to 
 become apparent. 
 
 Deriv. yam, a-ydm s. knowledge, plea- 
 sure, a-ydm bi vb. to instruct, a-ydm zuk 
 
*ya-go — yan 
 
 yan— yan, a-yan 
 
 321 
 
 act up to your knowledge, to a-ydm zuk 
 each does as he pleases; — yam grdm-bo 
 one sharp, quick of understanding, yam 
 7iydk-ho s. dull of comprehension. ■ — ydm- 
 sim T. ye-ses s. -wisdom. 
 
 kum-yd s. 1. wit, sharpness, cleverness, 
 facetiousness, jocularity, 2. romance, 
 story, kum-ya sol \h. to abound with 
 wit, kum-yd dot vb. to be facetious, to 
 romance; kum-yd kum-U i. q. kum-yd 1, 2; 
 kum-yd kum-ba s. id., kum-yd kum-si nyi- 
 Id mat-td-o tell us a story, kum-ydm-bo 
 or kiim-yd-nyim-bo or kum-yd kum-si ydm- 
 bo s. 1. Si facetious, ready talker 2. a ro- 
 mancist. 
 
 *ya-go fr. T. mgo-yik s. ornamental 
 heading, dash, vignette. 
 
 ya-yur-bo i. q. ye-y6r-bo see also wr. 
 
 *ya-l6 T. yol^-ba) s. a curtain, tapestry, 
 yd-ld tik vb. to hang up curtain, yd-ld 
 du vb. to close curtain, yd-ld ran vb. to 
 draw out curtain. 
 
 ydk 1. vb. to comfort, to console, j. 
 ydk-lun . . . tul-ld non J. was comforted 
 and went up to ... G. 38. 12., to con- 
 solate, to quiet, to pacify, to restore 
 equanimity of mind, — ydk-bo s. a com- 
 forter, a pacifier. J. — ydk-ba nydn to 
 show signs of comfort, to receive to 
 equanimity lit. when comforted to give 
 head to it. ydk-ba md-nydn-ne to refuse 
 to receive comfort. — a-ydk s. consolation, 
 rin a-ydk consolatory language. 
 
 yak 2, ydk-ka yak-ka advly. promptly, 
 ydk-kd ydk-kd U vb. to speak promptly. 
 
 yak 1. a-yak s. 1. top, extremity, end, 
 G. ; kun ydk top of tree, a-ydk-kon towards 
 the top, a-ydk kiik vb. to wave the tops 
 as trees 2. expletive to Up. 
 
 yak 2. s. certain pills, bestowed from 
 heaven by which ya-ma divines fate of 
 a person, ydk dot or pld vb. to divine 
 fate by shaking the said pills in the 
 hand of the person whose fortune is to 
 be told. 
 
 yak-fo s. name of a bird. 
 
 yan part, see ya.n, yo 1. thus, ydn md- 
 go-ne it is not so, ydn U-tet-ka on saying 
 
 thus, ma-cen-ka zo bu di ydn li or re- 
 spectful ma-cen sd pu ydn ko tell (order) 
 the cook to bring dinner; — affixed to 
 verbs seems to form imperative or pre- 
 cative, also simply affixed for-^^a, however 
 it is very indefinite. — ydn-re: giim-pa 
 or pa, so ydn-re it is raining. — there- 
 fore, because, on account of, un r.-nun 
 hic-do-nun dy.-ka a-kup gyek md-byi-ne 
 ydn si-lun hu-do nom-rem sur-no mat-ban 
 dy.-ka li and when R. saw that she bare 
 I. no children, R. envied her sister; and 
 said unto I. G. pd-no-ka a-kup nyi md 
 ydn ci tdn zo zo-lun 16k t&ut vdm dun 
 nyak-kd mat-md-o because a prince is 
 born eating and drinking make merry 
 with songs and dances. P. — 2. ydn or 
 yon T. yan (accentuated) again, more- 
 over, after that (additional), ydn-ld yon- 
 Id T. yan-yan; ydn-ld ydn-ld mak vb. to 
 die with difficulty, to have a lingering 
 death, to die as it were again and again. 
 yon kon-ld perhaps f. T. yan dan yan-du 
 again and again. 
 
 Redupl. ydn-yon "middling or better," 
 ydn-ydn li vb. to feel middling well or 
 better. 
 
 ydii T. yon{;-ba) (to arrive) vb. in L. 
 to bear, to suffer, to be fit, Un md-ydn- 
 nd hryop not bear to be spoken to with- 
 out crying, nyo byin md-ydn-ne not to be 
 fit or proper to lend as to person impure 
 from sickness etc., lik md-ydn-nd fam 
 vb. to reply without hardly suffering a 
 call, to anticipate one's wish, sd-dyak 
 son-nun-sd fit yon-so when the days of 
 purification have arrived it will then be 
 proper, zom-ydn edible, zom ydn sdn-d 
 md-ydii^nun-d is it proper (fit) to eat or 
 not. 
 
 yan vb. t. to wrap round, ydn-lun prek 
 vb. to wrap up, to make a parcel; — 
 ydn-lu s. a wrapper, a shawl; — or vb. 
 to put on a shawl; ydn-lu. ayok vb. to 
 shawl, to wrap round. 
 
 yan, a-yaii or ydn, a-yoA s. 1. brains, 
 marrow; a-ydn md-nyin-ninn-ho a person 
 without brains, a blockhead, h-ydn fyot 
 
 21 
 
322 
 
 yan — *ydn 
 
 ydp— *ya 
 
 vb. to dash out brains, fydn-ydn s. brains 
 of bird; tyan-mo ydn s. elephant's brains; 
 fo-ydn-ddk s. tooth-ache. — 2. balls of 
 soup Tbr. 
 
 yan (or ydn) ka-hut-fo s. rusty-cheeked 
 babbler Pomatorhinus erythrogenys M., 
 acc.W. "yong-kaum-ui"P. ruficollisR.211. 
 
 *yart-kuk T. yyan-gugs s. a calling for 
 blessings or good fortune, see yon; ydn- 
 mat to perform ceremony of ditto. 
 
 *yan-tek T. ydn-dag{-'pa) (clean, pure) 
 s. correctness, ydn-tek md-nyin-ne to be 
 without correctness, ydn-tek md-nyin-nun- 
 sd Tin s. incorrect language, nonsense. 
 
 *yan-fok T. ya-tog s. a terrace on flat 
 roof of house. 
 
 yan-min or ydn-min s. a knot or ex- 
 crescence on joint of bamboo, the shoot 
 out of ditto. 
 
 yan-irt i. q. nun-ydn nwi-lit. 
 
 ydt 1. see yd. 
 
 yat 2. Tb. to hunt game without dogs, 
 to go in search of game; to stalk game. 
 — a-ydt s. hunting, following game 
 silently without dogs. 
 
 *ydt 3. T. yod, yod^pa to be, to exist. 
 
 -yat postp. forms abstracta, e. c. gyu- 
 ydt s. knowledge, wisdom, on-ydt s. 
 violence, oppression. 
 
 yat-ndn vb. to descend G. shld. be yut 
 non see yu. 
 
 yan vb. to be absent, to be astray, to 
 be elsewhere when required (man or 
 beast), ydn-n6n to have gone astray, to 
 be absent. 
 
 yan 1. vb. to be long, to be protracted; 
 to be pendulous, ddk ydn hrydn a long 
 sickness, a chronic disease; rin ydn hrydn 
 a long protracted speach. — a-ydn s. a 
 pendulous festoon, a sprout of nettles, 
 also of several other herbs which are 
 eaten; an icicle. 
 
 ydn 2. a-yan s. a young pod or fruit. 
 
 *ydn 3 T. yon s. a fee, a present, a 
 gift, alms to priests etc. — *ydn-tdn or 
 ydn-tdn T. yon-tan s. skill, art, science, 
 good quality, ydn-tdn-nyim-bo s. a scien- 
 tific, a talented, skilful person, one 
 
 possessed of good qualities, ydn-tdn gun 
 s6n-nun-sd md-ro a person possessing 
 every good talent; ydn-tdn a-gyap yd to 
 know many arts. 
 
 yelp vb. to peck, ydp-lun zo to peck at 
 food as bird; — to quill etc. ki yap 
 quilled cotton, kd-cer yap fine bran. 
 
 ySm see yd. 
 
 ydr s. a small insect that especially 
 infests fowls. 
 
 yap 1. vb. t. to be very hot? M. — 2. 
 adj . very, much, great, krdk ydr-mo pun- 
 di s. the very great queen; — ydr-hru 
 i. q. ydr 1. M.; — ydr-dd Avb. to have heat 
 in stomach. — a-ydr s. the demon of fire. 
 
 ydr; ydr-rd ydr-rd li vb. to have tickling 
 sensation; to have a trembling s. or 
 bodily shiver as thro' dread. 
 
 yar-ra i. q. ydl-ld. 
 
 yal 1. apparently comp. of yd-ld or 
 ydl-ld see under yd, — uk-ydl adj. modest, 
 knowing shame, uk-ydl-liin li vb. to speak 
 modestly; — ul-ydl adj. persuasive, ul-ydl 
 rin p. language, ydl-lun a-tel fop knowingly 
 gain the end. 
 
 yal 2. vb. t. to lengthen, yul pUn-jen 
 (ok-Mn jdl to beat out iron to a greater 
 length; buk yal to dig carefully; — yal, 
 a-ydl see under nal. 
 
 yal 3. see no-ydl and yel. 
 
 yal 4, 'a-yal, tun-ydl pron. tun-aydl q.v., 
 perhaps derived from tim-ydr, i. q. a-ydr, 
 ydr q. v. 
 
 yal 5., yal-kun, yal-pdt s. name of a tree 
 and fruit, the Indian butter-tree Bassia 
 butyracea see Hooker I, 151. Wtt. B. 212. 
 
 ya 1. as a verbal affix formes a pre- 
 cative, na-ya let us go, do let us go, md 
 ma-ya do not please do not, iormdmat-tiin. 
 
 ya 2. is sometimes used for ydn as M 
 ma ne ya; li he said no. 
 
 *ya 3. T. ya adv. high, upper, above, 
 ya-io s. one high in rank, ya-loA T. ya 
 lans lit. "I stand high" to be high, in 
 grade or in goodness, ya-l6n-bo one high 
 in grade or in goodness, ya-ju T. yags- 
 gzugs i. q. ya-l6n. 
 
 ya-ki probablyfor ya-gioi orbelongingto 
 
ya— *yan 
 
 *yan — *yam 
 
 323 
 
 goodness, purity etc. upper, heavenly im- 
 provement, ya-ki md-nyin-ne not to im- 
 prove, to be stationary. 
 
 ya 4. vb. n. to be decayed, to perish, 
 to fade, to die av^ay, to have long since 
 passed, to be extinct, myil-la inyil-ld ya 
 to decay away, ya-n6n to be faded, passed 
 away. — ya-ydm-bo adj. perishable J. — 
 td-ya s. decay, decadence, exhaustion, ex- 
 tinction, extermination. 
 
 ya-ba s. a sort of mun (male), ya-ba- 
 ma id. female, ya-ba 16k s. a ceremony 
 at which they dance, ya-ba lok-sd tun-dar 
 ban s. a drum etc. which is erected and 
 round which they dance. 
 
 ya-li kun s. a tree Acer Campbellii, M. 
 Wtt. A. 331, see dom. 
 
 ya-lok: ya-lok.tuk tuk s. a sort of cap. M. 
 
 yak vb. to tickle, to be ticklish, to be 
 sensitive, mu yak is used in the sense 
 of to be bashful, to feel shame, as girls 
 before strangers; see a-mik yak; yak-kutl- 
 sd ciyok s. a ticklish work; — to shrink 
 from, to tremble at, to be nervous, tuk- 
 mo mat su-ba yak to shrink from com- 
 mitting theft: md-nun-ne a-ka yak-lun 
 zuk to perform with trembling hands. — 
 ddt-td ddt-td yak vb. to choke. — a-yak 
 s. tickling, a-yak md-td-ne vb. not to be 
 able, to be tickling. 
 
 *yan 1. T. yan though, although, but, 
 still, albeit, a-yu a-gyap nyin yan a-kup 
 md-nyin-ne tho' he had many wives he 
 had no children P. — yan-un be it so 
 still. — yan-nd T. yan-na or, either, 
 whether, but, sd-re gat-tun lyd yan-nd 
 a-re yan-nd o-re take which you please 
 either this or that. — yan-ld but, however, 
 whereas, nevertheless, howbeit, not- 
 withstanding, go-nun a-dom Kan bon gat 
 yan-ld a-ldn md-bd-nd-so I wished before 
 to give it you, but will not do so now. 
 hd-yu so-nap pak-kd kat kat sd fol bi md- 
 fi-nd sdn-ka fi din pUn-byon tyan-bo yan- 
 ld so-nap-ka om-bo gum it was a cloud 
 and darkness to them, but it gave light 
 by night to these; so that the one came 
 not near the other all the night Ex. 
 
 *yan 2 T. yam adv. much, md-ro-nmi 
 yan md-gat-ne the person does not wish 
 so much, yan-nd altogether, entirely, 
 completely, quite, always, ever. 
 
 yan 3. vb. t. to put or stretch out hand 
 (as in giving) or foot, a-kd yan, a-dyan 
 yan; ydn-ld ho-niin a-do pd-tun-rem lu 
 sd a-dokd-remtd-lyd-ddplan-kdyan-lun o-re 
 rem fU-mm-o but lift thou up thy rod, and 
 stretch out thine hand over the sea and 
 divide it Ex. — yan-ka adv. straightway, 
 yan-ka tyiin thereupon they s. returned P. 
 
 yan 4 (i. q. 3?) a-yah adj. good, well; 
 real, actual, authentic; true, veritable, 
 s. attention, kup a-yan fak-so the child 
 will live throughout life well, to a good 
 old age. a-yan mat vb. to attend to, to 
 give head to; a-yan md-nyin-num-bo un- 
 real, not genuine, a-yan sd-re a-bon sd-re 
 which is good and which is bad. 
 
 yaii 5. a-yaii adj. some, many, yan-nd 
 yan-nd solitary, alone. 
 
 yan 6. s. the fevernut, Caesalpiuia 
 bonducella Wtt. C. 6. yan kup. 
 
 yaii-ydn s. slight improvement. 
 
 yat-ta see yot-td. 
 
 yap 1. vb. to feel along with hand, 
 as for anything, to grope as in the dark; 
 — yep-pd yap-pd very slowly, tardily. 
 
 yap-pa see yop-pd. 
 
 *yap 2. T. yab hon. s. father L. a-bo 
 M. 135, *yap-yum T. yab-yum father and 
 mother, *yap-se T. yab-sras f. and son. 
 
 yam 1. vb. to wheedle, to be a para- 
 site, yam zo or yam-lun zo vb to eat 
 parasite-like, to suck one, to sponge 
 upon one, yam zo-sum-bo or (fam') yam- 
 zom-bo s. a parasite, a sponge. 
 
 yam 2. yam-md, yam-md yam-md soft; 
 as velvet; tender, as babe; fine, as flour, 
 soft, as note, a-kd yam-md yam-md mat vb. 
 not to work heartily, as if afraid to make 
 hands soft; miin yam-md a soft note. 
 
 yam 3. see yu-ni, dyam-md ayam-md 
 adv. slowly, oily, adhesive, a-klon dyam- 
 md dyam-md groaning as under burden. 
 
 *yam 4. T. yum hon. i. q. a-mo' s. 
 mother M. 135. yum id. 
 
324 
 
 -yam-0 — yu 
 
 yu — *yut Si 
 
 -yam-o or -yatn-ma-o postp. of the vb. 
 M. 51. M li-yam-o he said. 
 
 yi ace. W. C. 1388 Clerodendron ser- 
 ratum. 
 
 *yi-dd T. yi-dvags i. q. *wu-du q. v., 
 yi-do non to become a y., yi-do-lyan the 
 land of y. Tlfl^T^. 
 
 *yi-d(im or yi-dam 1. s. T. yi-dam a 
 tutelary deity, 2. hon. i. q. fu-dom T. 
 fugs-dam. 
 
 *yi-Se tso-ge see ye-se tso-ge. 
 
 yfn i. q. cit vb. to push, to slide, to 
 shove M. 
 
 *yit-ci i. q. yiit-ci. 
 
 yu 1. a-yu; 'ayu, ta-'ayu s. a wife, a 
 female, a woman; ayu, ^a-d?/M feminine 
 in opp. to td-gri masculine; td-dyu td-nyi 
 id. T. bud-med, btsun-mo; — yu, a-yu 
 married wife in opp. to a-vo q. v., ta-U 
 yu-ka hyi given to td-se for wife P.; 
 a-yii Id a-yu ayum-ba you are indeed a 
 wife: a laudatory remark; td-ayu zdn 
 adjly. womanish, feminine; a-yu—sd kd- 
 ta-ka da vb. to lie with wife, a-yu ka- 
 tymn vb. to be unfaithful to wife a-yu 
 mat or td-ayu mat vb. to have sexual 
 intercourse P. T. sbyor-ba byed-pa; s. s. 
 intercourse M. 129; a-yii len-fo vb. to 
 commit adultery with another man's wife; 
 a-yu Ion vb. to have connexion with 
 wife; a-yii lyo vb. to take a wife, to 
 marry; td-dyii lydt vb. to give way to 
 carnal passions; td-dyu sok vb. to abstain 
 from sexual intercourse. 
 
 Compounds yu-kup "born of woman" 
 a child or person, yu-kiip tyol zon gun- 
 nd all people. — td-dyu kup s. a female 
 child. — a-yu-nyim-bo s. a married man; 
 — td-ayu tyol menses; td-dyu-tyol pld to 
 have menses flow; — td-dyu-dii s. the 
 menses or childbirth -confinement, — 
 a-yii-d&n s. a lecher; — td-dyu num-vom 
 s. a married woman; — td-dyu mim s. a 
 widow; — yu-mo the principal wife; — 
 yu-mdt a wife; — td-dyii. mit s., td-dyii 
 mdt a. a female; — yii-yuk the inferior 
 w.; — td-dyii, van s. a spinster. 
 
 yu 2 s. a bird, explet. for fo M. 137. 
 
 yu 3. s. a spec, no Clupea cultrata. 
 
 yu 4. s. a spec. bean. 
 
 yu 5. see dyii and mii-men. 
 
 yu 6. yu-t vb. to descend, to come down, 
 md-rd myil-ld yii (a person) to descend, 
 so yii to rain, — to be derived J. dyit- 
 nUn yO, handed down from the beginning; 
 yii-da to flow. — yiit-bo derived. — a-yiit 
 s. coming down, a-yiit tu-tsdt the season 
 of fish coming down; yiit cans, to cause 
 to descend, to drag; to let down. 
 
 ''yu-muk T. yi(dymugs s. mourning, vb. 
 to lament, to grieve, to be sorrowful, 
 yii-miik md-mat-titn or yii md-miik-kiin do 
 not grieve. 
 
 *yuk 1. T. yig, yi-ge s. a letter of the 
 alphabet M. 100 any written character, 
 an epistle, it is used by the Lepcha's in 
 sense of "Tibetan" yiik yd to know the 
 T. character, to be learned; cun yiik s. 
 a note T. cun-yig, lorn yiik s. a passport; 
 
 — yiik tyol or yiik ten the contents of 
 letter; yiik don aline; yM^-fea»' the space 
 between lines? yiik zu the line; yiik lap 
 accompagnements to letter as scarf etc. 
 yiik-ka by^t to convey by 1.; — y. pat 
 nan i. q. yiik tsam bam to correspond; 
 
 — yiik pi to write a letter, yiik pi tuk-nol 
 a spec, of black slug; y. len to answer 
 to letter, y. sal to dispatch 1., y. dyop- 
 lUn op to dispatch 1. 's in all directions. 
 
 — lUn yiik s. reading. 
 
 *yuk T. yug H. ^Lgj" s. a whole piece 
 of cloth. 
 
 yun 1. vb. to stretch, to extend, incorr. 
 for yan. 2. vb. to pounce, to dart upon 
 as kite. 
 
 yun reduplic. of yon q. v. 
 
 yut see under yu-. 
 
 *yut T. yud s. a moment, a very small 
 space of time, y. tet for a m., momentarily 
 M. 70; ^ — y. tet-bo give it to me for a 
 m.; a-re sok yiit tet ydn giim this life is 
 but a moment. 
 
 *yut-Si, yit-§i T. ya-mtsan vb. to admire, 
 to wonder, to be surprised, to be awed 
 J. P., yiit-md-si-ne not to be surprised 
 at, to despise, contemn, scorn. 
 
yun — yup 
 
 'yum — yen 
 
 325 
 
 yun: yun-na yun-nd li vb. to feel lan- 
 guid, indisposed. 
 
 yup, yuj) ro see dyi/p ro. 
 
 yum 1. to melt, to be dissolved, as 
 sugar, lead etc. yuvi non melted Ex.; — 
 to waste away as flesh. 
 
 yum 2. yum yot s. a very slender spec, 
 of bamboo. 
 
 yum 3. i. q. dyum q. v., viio dydn yum 
 beauty of body. 
 
 yum 4., a-yum s. 1. scum; 2. rice-water. 
 See also nyen. 
 
 yum 5., a-yum (see also ayavi) s. ad- 
 hesiveness, a-yum-nyim-bo adj. adhesive. 
 
 yul vb. 1. to slope very much as roof, 
 to be very slanting or steep, 2. to be 
 glossy yiil- Id yul-ld glossy, y. Id y. Id jak 
 to be glossy (as hair) a-tsom. 
 
 yu 1., pa-yu light thin ashes, mi yu, 
 mi pd-yu white , ashes. 
 
 yu 2 vb. to reach. 
 
 yu lik vb. to cry out loud, to scream. 
 
 yuk 1. see under yO. 1. 
 
 yuk vb. to be high in grade or birth; 
 to be noble; s. noble, a noble man yuk 
 t'in yuk mun a high priest a priest M. 132; 
 y. m. piir-dyot zon gum gun-nd-sd fa zom- 
 bo gum- the priest are like unto white 
 ants devourers of everything, y. m. td-bdk 
 tim-bo gum a priest is a great glutton; 
 yuk-sam "lama'' "three" n. pr. of a 
 locality, the place of meeting of "the 
 three lama's'' to choose a raja for the 
 Lepcha's W. 74. Hooker I, 335. 
 
 yun, ru yun a plaited belt of split cane. 
 
 yut 1 vb. to be indolent, to be idle, 
 to be slow to do anything; — a-yut or 
 yut-bo a lazy, indolent person, adj. lazy, 
 disobedient. 
 
 yut 2 see yot. 
 
 yun probly. to perform with united 
 strength or by a body compact, un-nun 
 yun to be carried away by water, yun- 
 Mn bu, non to be carried away by more 
 than one person, — to go along in a 
 column as ants. — U ciyun a long house. 
 
 yup vb. to suck, kd-jdk yup to suck 
 finger as baby. 
 
 "yum see yam L. a-mo. 
 
 yur vb. to complain, to grumble; to 
 make excuse? M. 
 
 yul, sak yul to feel sick at stomach. 
 
 yul vb. t. to malleate into bars, as iron, 
 to form into bars as i., wood, to draw 
 out into wire. 
 
 ye 1. vb. to chew, bik pye ye-bam the 
 cow is chewing the cud. 
 
 ye 2. vb. n. to become reconciled to 
 one's fate or to the state of affairs, to 
 be reconciled to, to be resigned, to be 
 reckless of, to be apathetic to, to be in- 
 different to, to be heedless of; hu-nun 
 sd-re-sd fi glo-non go-run ye-bam he is 
 reckless as to whatsoever misfortune 
 may befall, fyd md-nyin-nun-sd ye-non to 
 submit to a thing where there is no 
 alternative ; hu-do sok fat-bo-re ye-non he 
 recked not of the life he lost; a-ldii ho 
 len co-ka Id mat md-gat-ne ho yem lel-lun 
 guin-o there is now no necessity for fond 
 regret, thou art become reconciled. 
 
 ye 3. vb. n. to be alienated M. 
 
 ye ye a negative expression no no! 
 also stop! stop! hold hand! not so fast! 
 
 ye-ydr, ye-ydr-bo, ye-ydr-la sallow, pale- 
 yellow, ye-yor, y.-y.-bo, ye-yor-ld du or 
 ye-ydr tet du vb. to be of a sallow colour. 
 
 *ye-5e T. ye-ses s. eternal knowledge 
 see ydm-szm, ye-se fso-ge or ye-se fso-gye 
 T. ye-ses mfso rgyal name of one of Pad- 
 masambhava's wives. 
 
 yek vb. n.to slip as cord, binding to 
 move out of its place, to slip along as 
 beads on a string, to move along in 
 column as soldiers; vb. t. to place in 
 columns (anything), yek-fo id. 
 
 yen T. yyeh(^-ba) vb. to be distracted 
 in mind, to be inattentive, also to relax 
 or divert mind, s. relaxation of mind, 
 nid-yen-nd mat nydn to listen attentively; 
 sak-cin-niin co md-yen-nd mat-td let not 
 your attention be diverted from the 
 book. 
 
 yen-d6r vb. to give relaxation to 
 mind as any theory or subject, diversion 
 to be infused; — yeii-ddr mun s. the evil 
 
326 
 
 yet— yo 
 
 *yo— yo 
 
 spirit of idleness; — yen-dor lyan s. a 
 place of amusement or diversion, a 
 theatre etc. 
 
 yen-nd yen-nd leisurely M. 74. yen-nd 
 yen-nd non T. to go leisurely along; see 
 under mik; zum-yen lyan s. a plane of 
 assembling. 
 
 yet 1. incorrect for dydt q. v. to-yet see 
 to-dydt. 
 
 yet 2 vb. to descend, to go downwards 
 see ydt, yut s. v. yii. 
 
 yet 3. s. a contrivance for catching fish, 
 yet-fo the upper part of it, yet-dam the 
 pouched end of the snare, yet tuk-bon 
 tsdk vb. to fix it with post; yet tiin-kun 
 s. the water- spirit of the yet-snare, yet 
 tun-kun mat vb. to make propiatory 
 offerings to tiin-kun mit (mun-lom rin hyi 
 yet ma); — yet-tun kun mit n. pr. a water- 
 goddess M. 25. 
 
 yen, a-yen adj. wild (as domestic animal 
 escaping to the woods). 
 
 yep see yap. 
 
 yem see ye. 
 
 yel 1. see ydl. 
 
 yel 2. vb. n. to be beautiful, s. beauty, 
 fd-don-fo yel. — a-yel s- beauty of plumage 
 of cocks and game-birds, Mk-yel. — yel- 
 Id yel-ld flat, smooth, polished, glittering, 
 soft, sleek, silky. 
 
 yel 3. s. pollution, contamination, from 
 bones of dead or from body corrupting 
 a-hrydt yuk-mim-sd yel or md-son-nd tet 
 yel pld-so. 
 
 yel 4. T. i>yel, yal(-ba) vb. to forget 
 M. 133 see c/dl. 
 
 yel 5. see sd-ydl i. q. yel dyii fo s. a 
 spec, flycatcher M. 
 
 yel-no see no-yel. 
 
 yel-nyo ace. Wtt. E. 283 Eriobotrya 
 elliptica. 
 
 yel-bik s. a species of butterfly. 
 
 yo 1. 1, part, (see yan) thus, so, now, 
 yo md-ydn-nd gdn if it were not so, else, 
 otherwise. 
 
 Comp. a-yo thus, a-h yo thus, in this 
 manner, o-h yo in that manner; 
 
 yo-gdn 1. if so, if thus, in the case 
 
 ma-ne yo gdn if it were not so, otherwise 
 2. emphatic: at all, by any means go-niin 
 bo so yo gdn md-pon-ne I will not benefit 
 you by any means with my gifts; — yo- 
 gdn-ld nevertheless M. 87.; — su go yo- 
 gdn for; — su go yo-gdn hryiim yuk-re 
 mo-se kd-niin bo for the law was given 
 by Moses. J.; 
 
 yo go-run tho' be it so, albeit, yo tydt, 
 yo tet thus much, in the mean time; — 
 yo-ban thus being so, therefore, it being 
 thus; — yo-ren since it is so, in that case 
 M. 87. 
 
 yo-jdt to request, to ask thus i. q. ydn ; 
 dya yo-jdt to request it be laid down or 
 laid down so in this manner. 
 
 II. i. q. ydn 2. yo-ld again and again, 
 repeatedly, go-nun a-dom yo-ld li I have 
 told you repeatedly. 
 
 *yo 2., ydt T. byas and byed{-pd). 
 I. yo, yo-m with reference, which is called 
 noii-mm m.d-yo-niin don't speak about 
 going, don't think about going, let there 
 be no reference to it, sd-nyi so-nap md- 
 yo-nd dUn gdn Id md-yo-nd however don't 
 think about speaking night and day with- 
 out intermission. — yo-re the said, the 
 so called T. ses bya-ba, pdt-lyan yo-re 
 the so-called Tibet, td-se pd-no yo-re the 
 renowned king Ta-se; yo-pdn those said, 
 those, such, mun-lyan yo-pdn-kam\i2i\mied. 
 and such like places; — *yo-ba T. bya- 
 ba the called, which is called, with re- 
 ference to: md-ro re pd-no yo-ba the 
 man who is called king; on yo-ba go a- 
 Idn hUm md-par-nd-so with regard to 
 the horse I will not now purchase it. 
 yo-ho more corr. yom-bo the said, the 
 referred to, the so-called; li-kyon kat si- 
 Jcar yom-bo-ka to a city called Sichar J., 
 di-du-mo yom-bo 6 y.aXovjji,evog Sldv/wg J. 
 
 II. ydt T. byed-(pd) vb. to call ho ke- 
 fa ydn a-re dal-fom-bo pi-tdr*ydn yot-so 
 thou shalt be called Cephas which is, 
 being interpreted: nsTQa.; to say, to 
 think, to imagine P. a-lom md-ydt-ti/n do 
 not say so. 
 
 yo 3., y6m vb. to be soft; to be ripe, 
 
yo— yo 
 
 yok— yol 
 
 327 
 
 to be cooked, zo bri yo crop about ripe 
 yom-md yom-md, mydn to be ripe, to be 
 well cooked. 
 
 yo 4. vb. to call dog, yo yo id. 
 
 yo 5. vb. to feel, sd-fyum ddl-ld yo to 
 feel the cool breeze. 
 
 yo 6, yom, yom-ma altogether, comple- 
 tely cfr. T. yo-ba; see om-md, mi yom- 
 non the fire has burnt out, see also 
 under mik; yom-md dot vb. to extinct 
 completely, yom-md sdr-non to be com- 
 pletely rotten, yom-md sdr fdn to be 
 completely burnt up. 
 
 *yo 7. T. yo-ba, yyo-ba vb. to be crooked, 
 to be out of the perpendicular, to be 
 bent, kun yo bam the tree is crooked, 
 ■pydr-ld yo vb. to be half drunk, to-nun 
 yo-non vb. to be bent down with load, 
 to be bent down, to be oppressed, to be 
 overpowered, sak-ddk-nun yo-non to be 
 weighed down with grief, Id-yo-nun yo- 
 non to be bent down with sin, an-zo-nun 
 yo-non to be bent down with oppression; 
 to be vertical (sun) yo-li time about 
 2 o'clock in afternoon, sd-tsuk naii-nd 
 nan-yo. — to be deceitful, to be crafty, 
 cunning, treacherous, md-yo md-gi-ne to 
 be upright, not to know deceit, md-yo-ne 
 to be straight, to be straight-forward, 
 advly. incessantly, md-yo-nd li to speak 
 incessantly, md-yo-nd zuk to work in- 
 cessantly. 
 
 yo 8. in comp. c. kum, — kum-yo straight- 
 forward, good, righteous, just, upright, 
 virtuous; kum-yo kum-ba good and righte- 
 ous, honest, kum-yo kmn-ba ctyok a good 
 work; k.-yo k.-ba bam he is a good, holy 
 p. — s. justness " iin o-re-nun fi-wun-sd 
 suk-dum-ka Id-yo-sd kum-yo-sd a-sem kon- 
 niin sdk-dun-so and when he is come, 
 he will reprove the world of sin, and of 
 righteousness, and of judgment. J. — 
 kum-yo-nyim-bo adj. just, righteous, e. c. 
 e a-bo kum-yo nyim-bo-wa suk-dumr-nun 
 a-dom md-fyak-ne o righteous father, the 
 world has not known thee. J. opp. Id-yo 
 Id-son q. V. — c. bon and /'a see bon-yo, 
 Ica-yo. 
 
 yok vb. to swing body, to move one's 
 body to and fro, yok-wun vb. to be rest- 
 less, to move body to and fro, as from 
 pain, also to move backwards andforwards 
 any thing as when loosening stake. See 
 also yok. 
 
 yoii 1. vb. to spring, to leap, on yon 
 the horse leaps. 
 
 yoii 2. vb. to howl (as dog). 
 
 yon 3. see Aymi vb. to wither. 
 
 yot vb. n. to be carried along as many 
 thing by current of stream etc. nyin-nun 
 un yot to pour poison upon stream to 
 allow it to be carried down, let loose 
 or unlimited W. 61, nd-var-fdn un glyah- 
 nun yot bu-non the boats were carried 
 down by the stream; frd yot materials 
 to be carried away by a train; to pull 
 of, unthread as beads from necklace, fi- 
 ru blam yot-Uin lot lam to unstring or 
 string coral-beads, lyak gal-lvn a-blam 
 yot fat-non the necklace to break and 
 the beads to come off and be lost; also 
 used with the mind as sak-cin yot to be 
 undecided, to be fickle-minded, one's 
 ideas to be carried away. — yat-td yot-td 
 rickety as house, anything: doubtful, 
 fickle, unstable as mind. 
 
 yop 1. vb. to swallow whole without 
 masticating, a-re a-plydk yop hyul swallow 
 this pill. 
 
 yop 2 yap-pd yop-pd staggering as 
 drunken man, yap-pd yop-pd mat vb. to 
 reel, to stagger. 
 
 ''yop 3. T. yob s. the stirrup, on go yop; 
 yop-ri the stirrup-strap. 
 
 yor I. vb. to crowd, to swarm, to be 
 many together, yor da-bam to lie many 
 together, yor-lun ay ok zuk vb. to work 
 many together; to lie or be put together 
 in one direction, san yor to place wood 
 on fire all in one direction; — a-yor s. 
 a crowd. — yor-rd yor-rd together in 
 numbers, yor-rd yor-rd 16m vb. to travel 
 in companies. 
 
 yor 2. yor-du s. the marria, mouth-dis- 
 ease of cattle, see also *l\a-ts6. 
 
 yol vb. to miscarry as childbirth, to 
 
328 
 
 yd-mo— *y6n 
 
 ydn — ydr 
 
 not to produce chickens (as eggs), to fail 
 ripen as fruit, to be crushed in its birth, 
 as enterprise, to be nipped in the bud, 
 also to issue in or out of anything, a-do 
 mik yol bam your eyes are starting out 
 of your head; un pd-tek-nun yol (water) 
 to leak out of holder; yo tiin-gar-nim yol 
 (rice) to drop out of crevices of basket; 
 tur't-gryop-sd an-ka yol-lun tiik-mo mat yb. 
 to pass thro' hole of wall and steal. — 
 a-yol adj. light, bad, without body as 
 fruit what falls from badness. 
 
 yd-mo s. cancer or eating-sore in nose, 
 yo-mo-nun fa nose to be eaten by eating- 
 ulcer. 
 
 ydk 1. (see yok) vb. to be restless, to 
 move or roll on every side, as thro' pain 
 or when dying, also expresses every 
 direction; yok-da vb. to lie rolling from 
 side to side; yok hii-non to go moving 
 along in every direction, yok-lun klon vb. 
 to send in every direction, mi-cum yok 
 sparks to fly about, sak-yok to gasp for 
 breath. See pe i. q. tun-gryon yok. 
 
 ydk 2 s. T. yydg s. a yak, Bos grunniens, 
 yok-sim s. the tail of yak, yok-sim vydl- 
 sum-bo s. a chowrie of ditto, Skt. '^TTTt; 
 yok-sim te bun s. a spec, of grass. 
 
 ydk 3. see pd-yok. 
 
 ydk 4. (i. q. 2?) explet. to on q. v. 
 
 ydk 5. i. q. dyok (spec. Picus). 
 
 ydn see under ydn. 
 
 ydn 1. vb. n. to be hard, not cooked 
 sufficiently, buk yon the yam is hard, not 
 well cooked ; — yon buk s. a spec, of yam. 
 
 *ydn 2. T. yam vb. n. to be large, to 
 be spacious, to be wide, to be broad; to 
 be diffused, to be copious, large, spacious; 
 — kd yon the middle large finger, ton 
 ydn third toe. — a-yoil adj. broad, wide 
 (as a gateway). 
 
 *ydn 3. vb. n. to obtain ease or be at 
 ease, from T. yan{-p6) (light not heavy) 
 a-ddk kam yon to feel a little better, 
 sum yon (mind) to be relieved, yon-lun 
 ndtl to go along at ease, ydn byi to relieve 
 or release. 
 
 *ydli 4. T. yyaa s. fortune, blessings, 
 
 good thing; vb. to be fortunate, to be 
 lucky, ym kuk mat to perform ceremony 
 to obtain good fortune, see ydn Mk; 
 yon-co to meet with good things, to be 
 fortunate, to be lucky, ydn md-co-ne to 
 be unfortunate. — yon-cen nyo s. goddess 
 of good gifts. 
 
 ydn 5. s. the spirit or ghost of a tiger 
 or of perhaps any hurtful animal, sd-tdn 
 yon the ghost of a tiger. 
 
 ydn 6. reduplic. yun-iia ydii-na, yun-nd ' 
 ydn-nd U vb. to feel languid. 
 
 ydn lim mdn s. a species of millet. 
 
 ydt 1. vb. to slip, to slide own, to in- 
 cline, U-ka sd-non ydt (the snow) to slip 
 down off house, a-dyan a-kd ydt to slide 
 down on hands and feet. 
 
 ydt 2. vb. t. to spread out, to unfold, 
 to amplify, to enlarge, to extend, to delate, 
 to puff out; to give resistance; to eject, 
 to discharge; to say, to speak, to breath 
 forth, to express, to impart, communicate. 
 M. See ydt 3. 
 
 ydt 3. see under yo. 
 
 ydn vb. n. to make trips to and fro, 
 to go to and fro, to go backwards and 
 forwards, to fling here and there, to 
 scatter, ydn-ldm vb. to travel to and fro, 
 also t. a-li ydn to sow seed, mi mm ydn 
 see ydk and dydn. — a-ydn adj. fror 
 quented, a-ydn Idm a way much frequen- 
 ted by man or beast. 
 
 ydp 1. vb. to apply caloric as an ano- 
 dyne either by heating hands and apply- 
 ing it to the place or with heated flannel 
 or hot iron etc.; to fire (as horse), to 
 apply moxa etc. 
 
 ydp 2 vb. to press, to squeeze, mdr ydp 
 to press butter; — ydp- fat to have eaten, 
 finished eaten Tbr. 
 
 ydm 1. vb. to intermit, to skip, to 
 leave intervals. 
 
 ydm 2., ydm-bo see under yo. 
 
 ydr and 'aydr vb. to be scattered, dis- 
 persed e. c. mdn ydr-ndn the pigs are 
 scattered, piir-byon tiydr-min the clouds 
 are dispersed; so aydr-ndn the rain is d. 
 i. e. the weather has become fine; — to 
 
ydl 
 
 ra — ran 
 
 329 
 
 be melted or dissolved, chiefly from the 
 effects of heat, applied either to the 
 effects of heat or cold, to waste away as 
 flesh from off bones, to putrify as meat, 
 
 and run down, to gutter as candle, yor- 
 rd yor-rd smooth as forehead. 
 
 ydl vb. to be disgusted with anything, 
 to be exhausted, to feel aversion or 
 
 eggs, to become soft, yor-rd yii to melt sinking of body from any cause. 
 
 R 
 
 ra the twenty- second letter of the 
 so-called Lepcha-alphabet, T. ;^, like the 
 English E. See also M. Gr. 10. 
 
 ra- reduplic. of ra, rol etc. 
 
 ra 1. vb. n. to be wild, as animal, rd 
 non to run wild; — a-rd adj. wild, as 
 animal. See 7-um 1. 
 
 ra 2. ra-m adjly. angular, not straight, 
 one side longer than the other; — td-ram 
 s. a one-side-roofed shed li td-rdm, nyon 
 td-rdm s. a thatched hut of nydra-grass. 
 
 *ra 3. T. ra(-ba) (enclosure, fence) 
 rd-ku s. 1. provisions laid up as for a 
 time of want, a store, rd-ku rd-son id., 
 rd-ku rd-son fo vb. to lay up a store of 
 provisions 2. i. q. ku, a-ku q. v., rd-ku da 
 vb, to lie in earth as roots of some 
 plants to resprout the following year or 
 afterwards. 
 
 ra-kdii, also ro-kon s. a spec, of millet 
 from which spirit is extracted. Sorghum 
 vulgare M. 
 
 *ra-gan T. ra-gan s. brass M. 
 
 *ra-nye s. T. mgron-gnyer the governor 
 of the feast J.; provider, a-ldn ok-liin 
 rd-nye lyan so byi-o draw out now, and 
 bear unto the g. of the f. 
 
 ra-tySt fo s. n. of a bird. M. 
 
 ra-da ace. W. "ra-do" n. pr. of a river 
 in Sikhim W. 58 T. '' chumichen," Bhot. 
 "am-bi-ok" Nepali "-ladhoma," "simikchi," 
 "■ambek." 
 
 ra-foii uii n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 61. 
 
 ra-don s. ace. M. Tbr: a knife. 
 
 ra-nol s. n. pr. of a palm, Plectocomia 
 
 himalayana M.; Hooker 1, 143; Wtt. 
 P. 956. 
 
 ra-pi fo ace. M. a bird, the common 
 myna, see ru-pi fo. 
 
 ra-pyak I6p ace. M. a spec. reed. 
 
 ra-pyek i. q. sd-pyek q. v. 
 
 ra-byi and ra-byim see under Hp. 
 
 ra-met, rd-met un n. pr. of a river in 
 Sikhim. 
 
 *ra-mo, T. rol-mo s. music. M. 
 
 ra-mdm un n. pr. of a river W. 61. 
 Pahariya: ra-mam. See ru-mom. 
 
 ra-lut s. a smooth pebble: Idn hyel-ld 
 hyel-ld. 
 
 ra-vet s a spec, of a bamboo, rd-vet 
 don s. the young shoots, eaten. 
 
 ra-sdn s. expletive to rd-ku. 
 
 ra-Suk s a spec, of juniper M. 
 
 rak 1. vb t. to receive into hand, met. 
 to comprehend a-lut-ka rdk-kd-o; to de- 
 sire, to lust after. 
 
 *rak 2 T. rag i. q. rd-gan, *rdk dun s. 
 a trumpet made of brass. 
 
 rak-Sd see rak-sa. 
 
 *ran 1. T. ran self; used in imprecations 
 apparently giving emphasis as zo rdn zo 
 gdn mak-md-o if I eat may I die, zuk 
 rdn zuk gdn bu tsuk-o if I do it, may a 
 snake bite me. — *rdn-sdm T. ran-sems 
 s. one's own thought, mind. — *rdn-s6 
 T. ran-sa one's own place, in L. difference, 
 different, elsewhere, rdn-so md-ro s. a 
 different person, rdn-so lyan s. another 
 place, a different country. 
 
 ran 2. cfr. T. srun(-ba), o'dn vb. t. 1. 
 to watch, to guard, a-fiik-nvn zo tdn-sdn 
 
 21* 
 
330 
 
 ran— ra 
 
 ra — ran-jin 
 
 U yan-ld tson ban bun-bo-sdn-nun ran fat- 
 lun fop-lun md-zo-ne-yam-o some preta's 
 see food and drink but they cannot eat 
 because the victuals are defended by men 
 with arrows and swords P. 1, go-nvn a- 
 do fam-cdn-pdn lot rdn ndk-so I will again 
 feed and keep thy flock G; — 2. to wait, 
 to stay J. kam rdn-nd wait a little ; rdn- 
 Id rdn-ld adv. waiting, stopping, rdn-ld 
 rdn-ld 16m vb. to go along stopping con- 
 tinually. — rdn-bo adj. watchful, s. a 
 guard, a watchman; rdn-sdn or rdn-bo-sdn 
 s. the elders M. Ex; — rdn-rit s. an old 
 man; — rdn-lu s. mode of watching. 
 
 rati 3. see ron. 
 
 rdt 1. vb. n. to subside, as storm, 
 flood etc., to decline, vb. t. to take up 
 as carpet or things spread on ground, to 
 clear jungle, to gather as gum of tree, 
 opium from poppy. 
 
 (rdt 2.J ta-rdt s. fear, apprehension, td- 
 rdt md-mat-tun be not alarmed. See ro? 
 and a-mlem fyum rat. 
 
 ran see rdii 2. 
 
 *r4n 1. T. mgron (cfr. also rd-nye) s. 
 feast, banquet, entertainment, rdn byi vb. 
 to entertain, rdn lih vb. to invite to feast. 
 
 *rdn 2. T. sgron(-pa) the mark ~ put 
 over letters giving them a prolonged also 
 a guttural sound M. Gr. §. 
 
 rap adjly. halfclosed (eyes) mik rdp- 
 sd ndk; mik rdp krap vb. to sleep with 
 eyes half-open. 
 
 ram see ra. 
 
 ram s. horizontal rafter or beam of 
 house. 
 
 ral vb. t. to push out with fingers as 
 the seed of maize kun-tson rdl. 
 
 ral (see ruV) vb. to roll eyes, a-mik rdl. 
 
 rdl-ma ram-ma adjly. soft as yam, when 
 well boiled. 
 
 ra 1., ra-m surging and tumultuous 
 advanceW. 61 — ra-ra adjly. wild, thought- 
 less, intractable, see also ra. — ram in 
 comp.: so-ram s. the wild outburst of 
 atmosphere, thunder J., piin-ram or pvn- 
 ram pd-bU s. id. 
 
 ra 2. curled; shaggy as mane of horses; 
 
 — rd-ra-bo adj., rd-ra-ld adv. standing 
 out on end, as hair, bristling up. 
 
 ra 3. vb. n. to be watery, waterlike, 
 vi ra, ci ra, nyen ra, to flow out; vb. t. 
 to diffuse lik ra hu vb. to call aloud, to 
 diffuse the sound. 
 
 ra 4. ra-ho: sa ra-bo s, a hunter, nya 
 ra-bo s. a fisherman. 
 
 ra 5. ra-nyom s. the n. of second month 
 M. 141. 
 
 ra 6. ra kun s. a tree, Bauhinia varie- 
 gata M, Wtt B. 356, ra kun p6t s. fruit, 
 eaten when cooked. 
 
 *ra-can T. sgra-gcan s. Rahu, eclipse M. 
 
 *ra-nye T. ra-mnye s. carrot M. 
 
 ra-di (Gorkha-w.) s. woolen cloth, a 
 blanket M. 
 
 ra-z5 sun-kri s. a spec, of sun-kri. 
 
 rak vb. t. to throw iuto disorder, to 
 make a mass or confusion of things. 
 
 *rak-Sa or rak-sd fr. Skt. rudrdksa (see 
 under pyen-bo) s. a spec, of rosary, rak-. 
 sa pot s. the bead of R., the seed of 
 Elaeocarpus ganitrus, seeWaddellR. 286. 
 
 *rak-Sd fr. Skt. rdksasa s. a demon. 
 
 ran vb. t. to spread out, to open out 
 as cloth, dum son-ka ran vb. to spread 
 out clothes to dry; du ran to open out 
 umbrella; kur ran to "open out tent," 
 to erect t., to encamp, i.-kup-pdn-ka hd- 
 yu-nun van-lun b.-sd M.-sd td-lyd dd-sd 
 byek p.-sd nan f, kur ran-sdn diin-nd o-re- 
 sd nan fi td-lyd dd pun-ka a-yu-niin hwr 
 ran-sum,-o speak unto the children of I., 
 that they turn and encamp before P., 
 between M. and the sea, over against B: 
 before it shall ye encamp by the sea Ex. 
 
 — to open the door; ran fo i. q. ran. — 
 ran-bo s. : vyeii-ran-bo s. doorwaiter. — 
 td-ran s. the upright beams that form a 
 portion of the walls of a wooden house 
 and support the roof, and against which 
 the laths of the wall are fixed li td-ran. 
 
 rah ren (cfr. tsan-nd cin-hd etc.) sd-ran 
 sd-ren jingling, sd-ran sd-ren grik mat 
 vb. to jingle. 
 
 ran-gd s. a vessel for serving out food. 
 
 *ran-jin or ran-jen probly. fr. T. ran- 
 
rat— ram 
 
 ral, a-ral— *ri 
 
 331 
 
 bzin (the nature, the essence of a thing, 
 naturally) in L. adv. always, ran-jin mok- 
 sd md-nyin-ne for ever. See *rdn. 
 
 rat vb. to come undone; to undo, to 
 pull to pieces, rat non or rat di to come 
 undone, also applied to mind sak-cin or 
 a-liit rat non to be disturbed in mind, 
 to be bewildered. 
 
 ran 1. vb. t. to bite i. q. tsuk. 
 
 ran 2. vb. n. to be flurried agitated M. 
 
 *ran di T. sgron(j-md) and? s. the wick 
 of recumbent lamp. 
 
 *ran-rik i. q. *kran-rik q. v. 
 
 *ran-rd T. 'dra-dra adj. equal, like, 
 resembling, hu-do-mum rum-sd ran-rd 
 mat-ren making himself equal with God J. 
 
 (rap 1,) r ap-pd rap-pd noisj, quarrelling. 
 
 rap 2. s. a collection, advly. unitedly, 
 clasping, embracing, rap tsam vb. to seize, 
 to clasp, hold with both hands; — rap 
 den tsi n. pr. of a locality in Sikhim. 
 This was the original seat of the L. pd- 
 no before the influx of the Tibetan bar- 
 fon-mo's W. 73. — rap-Id advly. one after 
 another, continually to the end, to com- 
 pleteness, rap-Id ndk vb. to look up com- 
 prehensively. 
 
 *rap 3. T. rab s. the principal, the 
 chief, the best, *rap ce T. rab ca s. "the 
 principal article, hence applied by the 
 Lepcha's to the ban or any weapon of 
 defence J. — *rap ne T. rapQ-tu) gnas 
 (-par): rap ne mat vb. to consecrate as 
 ground for church. L. Pr. — *rap sa T. 
 rab gsal s. balcony M. 
 
 *rap 4. T. rabs s. generation, race, 
 *rap cet T. rabs cad generation to be 
 extinct also to be torn asunder as by 
 quarrel. 
 
 *rap-nyan and *rap-nyan T. sgra snyan 
 (an agreeable voice) s. a musical instru- 
 ment of any kind, rap-nydn top vb. to 
 play on a musical i.; rap-nydn yam-bo s. 
 a musician. 
 
 ram 1. see ra. 
 
 ram 2. vb. n. to be undermined; ram-md 
 ram-md rumbling (sound) applied to a 
 hole small and round at entrance or 
 
 mouth and widening in the interior; — 
 tyan ram pitchdark; — a-ram s. 1. a 
 fountain-head, a spring un ram, 2. the 
 bridge of nose tuk-ndm ram. — td-ram 
 s. an abyss fdt td-7'am, of flre mi td-ram 
 or water un td-ram. 
 
 ral, a-ral 1. adj. direct, straight; open, 
 not closed, public a-ral 16m a direct 
 straight road, — ral-ld&^v. directly passing 
 thro', ral-ld si vb. to see straight or right 
 thro', ral-ld op vb. to shoot right thro', 
 ral-ld Mm vb. to walk on a straight road; 
 — td-ral-ld i. q. ral-ld, td-ral-ld non vb. 
 to go the direct road without stopping; 
 rin td-ral-ld tat vb. to bring a speach 
 promptly to a conclusion, td-ral-ld ayok 
 mat vb. to work straightway right thro' 
 to the end. — 2. vb. to sew wide apart 
 as first stitching ral-lun hrap. — a-ral s. 
 the first or rough stitching, ral ryu see 
 under kun-tson. 
 
 rf 1. cfr. T. dri s. a smell, flavour, ri 
 nom (cfr. T. dri and mnam-pa) vb. to 
 smell; to stink J. a-fdn ri ndm a fresh 
 smell as of new mown hew. — a-ri s. 
 smell, a-ri a-ryum a good smell, a-ri a- 
 um a delicious smell ; a-ri Kak-la nom the 
 smell gets worse, a-ri dal-ld 7i6m a sweet 
 zephyr; a-nom fit vb. n. to contract the 
 smell of anything, to smell of, a-ri hun- 
 nd hun-nd nom a powerful smell (good 
 or bad). 
 
 rf 2, a-ri s. a belt, a band, a stripe, 
 ri-lun ba vb. to carry with belt as band 
 resting on head. 
 
 ri 3. the influence of evil spirit, used 
 also for a burning or tingling pain, ri ri 
 dak to have burning sensation, mik ri ri 
 dop to have burning sensation in eye. 
 
 ri 4 ri-m vb. to dwell with, to dwell 
 together, to abide with, a-kiip sd bo ri 
 the child dwells with his father, vyet sd 
 a-fin ri the slave dwells with his master, 
 riim-ka ri-bo s. a dweller in God, a man 
 of God. - pun-rim s. a dwelling, a placing, 
 a place. 
 
 *ri 5. T. re(-ba) vb. to hope; to be de- 
 pendent on, to trust, also: to look out 
 
332 
 
 *ri — rf-Sf un 
 
 rfk— rfn 
 
 for an expectation of, as a-zom-ka ri-lun 
 bam to look out for meal. 
 
 ■'ri ci T. re{-ha) ces(-pa) (believing, 
 hope, trusting in) placing one's trust in, 
 trusting, hoping, ri ci mat vb. to hope, 
 to place one's trust in; 
 
 *ri-bo td-bo T. re-ba gtod-ba s. the 
 placing one's trust in hope, a pedlar, a 
 wandering merchant. 
 
 *ri 6. T. rigs see *den-ri T. bden-rigs. 
 
 *ri 7. T. ri s. a mountain, a hill M. 
 
 rf 8. s. a species no q. t. 
 
 *rf 9. T. 'bri see ca-ri, cak-ri. 
 
 *ri 10. T. ri{-ba) adj. worth, a-tet md- 
 ri-ne it is not worth so much; in comp. 
 suitable, fitting, just, true. 
 
 *ri 11. T. 'dri see Kam-ri. 
 
 *ri 12. T. res s. turn, vicissitude, ri ko 
 s. id., niim-sim-nyo kydt-tun sd dUk-kun 
 re ri ko gikn man is by turns now at 
 ease and now in difficulty. 
 
 ri 13. vb. t. to shake dice, see co-Ion. 
 
 *ri 14. T. rigs s. race, kind, genus; 
 custom; rules, discipline, ri tsdk vb. to 
 establish rules or discipline; ri-sd a- fop ac- 
 cording to custom, ri Ion vb. to support 
 regulations; — *ri-hryum or ri-hrim T. 
 rigs-Krims s. (custom, usage) in L. dis- 
 cipline, ri-hryikn-ka bam to live under 
 laws; ri-hryum-ka da established rules; 
 ri-hryiim gat severe discipline. 
 
 *ri 15. T. rig(-pa) (knowing, under- 
 standing, science), co ri s. a scholar, one 
 versed in books. 
 
 *ri-po i. q. rig-pa T. : co-niin ri-po md- 
 ndt-nd tea does not injure the mental fa- 
 culties. — ri-ziim s. synagogue Chr. J. 
 
 rf 16. see bun-ri. 
 
 rf 17. ace. W. 61 rapid. 
 
 ri-bur ace. W. a bird Siphia albicilla 
 R. 216. 
 
 ri mok ace. M, many-coloured. 
 
 ri-ydt uii ace. W. "rapid unlimited 
 water" n. pr. of a river in Sikhim (T. 
 dik-cu W. 61). 
 
 rf-lf un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim (fr. 
 ril q. V.) W. 61. 
 
 rf-Sf un see rU-ci un. 
 
 rfkl.vb. iocxaseriktyok; — a-n'As.acurse 
 Ex., a-rik zdk the curse has taken effect. 
 
 rfk 2, a-rfk s. creeping plants, climbers, a 
 creeper yik wYappliedto deeprootedSM/i;; — 
 the twist of cotton kirik; see also tsdmrik. 
 
 *rik 3. vb. T. sgrig(-pa) to arrange, to ad- 
 just, to join, to compile, rikfoiA.; — rik-ldm 
 s. used ins. of peace, concord; — n^-Madv. 
 correctly, properly, correspondingly; — a- 
 rik adj. suitable, agreeing (said of age, size, 
 sentiment), a-rik zoh coequal, congenial. 
 
 'rik 4, rik-po T. rig-pa s. knowing, 
 understanding, science, knowledge, dili- 
 gence see fu rik and ri 15; rik-po gyum 
 vb. to do well, cautiously, with under- 
 standing; rik-po moh T. rig-pa and rmon 
 to be dull of comprehension. 
 
 rfii 1., a-rfn s, T. skad 1. voice, sound, 
 the note of animals, birds, the sound of 
 trumpet etc., a-rirt li mo mat-Mn lik to 
 cry with a loud voice; a-iHn nydn a soft 
 note (as of birds); 2. speach, words, 
 talking, subject, matter, thesis, a-ringrik- 
 bo adj. eloquent; rin-co al a new thesis 
 M. 94; rin-j6m easy language, rin jom 
 vb. to be fluent of speach; a-rin-nyim-bo 
 having power of 1.; eloquent; rin brdts. 
 churlish 1., impatience ; rin zo manner of 
 speaking, address, rin zo a-jdn a bad 
 mode of sp, , Ww zo a-ryum a good m. of 
 sp.; rin zot pure in speach; rin a-kyum 
 s. the subject of a speach; rin a-glen 
 pure simple language, unmixed with 
 anyother subject; rin a-cum s. a trifling 
 matter, a petty speach; rin a-cor sharp 
 bitter language; rin a-jam to speak to 
 the purpose; rin a-not undecided speach 
 hesitating whether to do anything or not; 
 rin a-bdn the beginning of a speach, nn 
 a-bdn-nun li to relate a matter from be- 
 ginning; a-rin kol-non to stammer; rin 
 kyon vb. to jabber; rin klok vb. to speak 
 unreservedly openly; rin gun to be foolish 
 ("without a word to say"); rin glyeH \h. 
 to speak accurately; rw cop adding to 
 what was said; rin tydp vb. to finish 
 talking; rin pyil-ld md-non-ne speach not 
 to produce effect; rin pyop-ywm-bo a great 
 
rfn 
 
 rfii— rfp 
 
 333 
 
 talker rin fyel vb. to finish speach, rin 
 fyel md-yd-ne not to know how to stop 
 speaking; rin mdl vb. to mutter off a 
 speach; rin tsdk t'am vb. to reply; rin 
 zon vb. to bully, to speak high words; 
 rin li vb. to tell, to speak, rin lin-ydm- 
 bo eloquent; a-rin vid-li-ne not to be 
 able to speak; rin lin non to go to tell 
 rin td-i liio make much ado aboutnothing 
 a-rin fid li to begin to speak (as a child) 
 rin hlydm-lun li vb. to clip one's words 
 a-rin-sd pat md-mat-nd li vb. to speak 
 increpantly; rin sap li or rin mp li vb. 
 to whisper; rin a-cun a-cun li vb. to 
 give the head or chief points of a sub- 
 ject; rin lun liVh. to reprove, rin ^m vb. 
 to raise a subject or question; rin lydt 
 vb. to answer J., rin-len s answer J.; 
 rin sor to pass one's word; — account 
 rin sun diin vb. to relate, to converse; 
 rdm rin exagger ati on; — wordingramm. 
 s rin td-lo s an exclamation see grammar 
 M.' 22, rin-sok s. conjunction M. 22., ri/'i- 
 mydm-bo s. a linguist M 99. — decision, 
 order, riH sd-dok-ld mat vb. to do accord- 
 ing to orders; rin son vb. to be decided; 
 rin to vb. to give direction; rin hydn un- 
 decided language — promise, rin liik mat 
 vb. to break one's word; a-rin sor vb. to 
 promise, to give one's word; a-rin sor-nml 
 byi to give one's word, to promise to 
 give; — cause, lawsuit i. q. fam-rin, rin 
 nyi vb. to have business, rin nyi-lUn 16m 
 vb. to travel on business; rin a-bram a 
 lost cause; — agreement, rin-cetsn appoint- 
 ment, agreement, rin-cet dak vb. to break 
 promise; — language;^o niim-sim-nyo-sd 
 a-rin yd-pa-yam-o, un-sd a-rin yd-pa-yam- 
 0, nii-sd a-rin yd-pa-yam-o^ mun-sd a-rin 
 yd-pa-yam-o, fo-sd a-rin, sun-nvut-sd a-rin, 
 sd-dydr-sd a-rin, so-ram-sd a-rin fam-cdn 
 fam-ba gij,n-nd-sd rin-pdn yd-ynm-o I 
 understand the languages of all living 
 beings, I understand the language of all 
 human beings, the voice of water and 
 fire, I understand the language of the 
 demons, the language of birds, of wind 
 and lightning and thunder P.; ron rin 
 
 the Lepcha-1.; pat rin T. bod skad the 
 T. language; rin a-gyom mixed 1., a sort 
 of patois; a-rin-sd lo-pdn s. a 1. -master; 
 rin-jo s. idiom, dialect; ayeri bon riit in- 
 fantile speach M. 138. 
 
 Deriv. fam-rin s. 1. matter of disput- 
 ation, prosecution as in court, 2 law, 
 damages, costs t.-r. tam-bon i. q. 1,2.; 
 t'am-rin cik vb. to pay damage or costs; 
 fam-rin don vb. to prosecute, to investi- 
 gate charge of damages; fam-rin tsavi 
 vb. to take compensation awarded by 
 law suit, to charge with damages, fam-rin 
 zdk vb. to be prosecuted, to have to pay 
 damages awarded by lawsuit; fam-rin. 
 ryak vb. to prosecute, f.-r. li or f.-r. mat 
 id.; fam-rin si vb. to become liable to 
 prosecution, to md-ro a-re nyot-ka von 
 gdu fam-rin si-so whoever enters this field 
 will be liable to prosecution. 
 
 rfn 2. a-rfn s. 1. a long string or long 
 cane, a festoon; 2. a string as of pearls; 
 3. race, pedigree, line of ancestors. 
 
 *rin 3. T. rin 3 adj. quick. 
 
 *rin 4. T. rins adjly. far, riii fun far 
 and near P. used by L.'s in s. of equali- 
 ty; rin fun md-nyin-nd mat vb to make 
 no distinction. 
 
 rft vb. t. to divide, to separate, to dis- 
 tribute, rit byi vb. to distribute. See 
 under mUn-kun. 
 
 rit adjly. sloping, rit da nyi to lie 
 sloping; met ran rit an old man. 
 
 rfn 1. rin-nd rin-nd trembling, convul- 
 sively; sd-rin-ld id. 
 
 *rin-cen T.Skt. maharatna, mUk-nyam-sd 
 pd-no-sd a-bryah-ka rin-cen co-gepd-nokd- 
 yam.-othe name of thekingof thehellisEiu- 
 cen cos-rgyal (Maharatna-dharmaraja) P. 
 
 rfp s. a flower T. me-tog, rip-sd a-bryan 
 giini (there are the following specc of 
 rip): 1. mi/n-gor rip a-dum sd pd-ayor-bo 
 nydt nyi-md (two specc, white and yellow 
 fl ), 2. hik ti rip a-dum sd pd-aydr-bo nydt 
 nyi-md (id.), 3 tiik-nyHl rip pd-ayor-bo 
 sd a-dum nydt nyi-md (id.), 4. je-lyem rip 
 pd-dyor-bo sd a-dum nydt-nyi-md (id.), 
 5. hla-gon rip, 6. rd-byim rip, 7. rip dyon 
 
334 
 
 (rim)— ril 
 
 ru— ruk-nyam 
 
 ri'p, 8. sd-nyim rip, 9. sd-tsiik rip, 10. swr- 
 vo lip, 1 1 . mdn-non rip, 1 2. mar-cen rip, 
 a-duvi-ho SCI pd-ayor nydt nyi, 13. kur- 
 s6n rip, 14. a-tok rip (a-tok bor kun kd-ia 
 giim A. bor is a tree) 15. fdt-ji rip, 
 16. rd-byi rip, 17. nun-lyen no rip, 18. fdt 
 nok rip, 19. pdn-pd rip, 20. pon cot rip, 
 21. pron cot rip, 22. kvm-hal rip a-hyilr 
 sd a-duvi nydt nyi (two specc. red and 
 white flowers), 23. tHk-gvo rip, 24. pon 
 rip, 25. sd-brak rip, 26. hik sut rip, 
 27. mar-san rip (mar-san kur'i); lUk-nyii; 
 vyu7n rip, hrik rip; 28. tiin-bom rip; — 
 in P. rip i. q. padma, udumbara; — rip 
 so yii. vb. to have a sprinkling of rain, 
 a sunny shower; md-ro rip zak to die by 
 poison Tbr. 
 
 Comp. rip-cdh s. a bud; rip-cen s. a 
 nosegay; rip-jiik s, a small plant; rip-tan 
 i. q. r.-cen; rip ti s. a flower worn on 
 ear, rip ti zdr-rd zdr-rd mat nan decked 
 with flowers; rip tor s. the petal of fl.; 
 lip t'am-blydk s. a spec, tortoise shell 
 butterfly, Papilio urtica; rip dyoh rip a 
 small bush with scented wood, a spec, 
 of rd-byim; rip pok s. a garland of flowers; 
 rip bor and bur s. the blossom of flower; 
 on rip bor s, a youth beautiful as a full- 
 blown flower; rip bryan s. a nom de 
 guerre; rip som s. the farina or pollen 
 of flower; rip a-biini s. a bud; rip a-ydn 
 s. a festoon of flowers. 
 
 2. vb. n. to be flowered as cloth; — 
 
 Deriv. a-rip s. stripes, flowers or prints 
 on cloth, diJiw, md-rip-nvmi-bo plain cloth. 
 
 (rim), rQm-rim-ld adjly. reddish. 
 
 rfm s. a spec, of palm Calamus flagellum 
 Wtt. C. 79. 
 
 rfm see under ri. 
 
 ril vb. to revolve, to turn round W. 61; 
 
 — a-ril s. a roll ki ril s. a roll of cotton, 
 
 — *ryiL T. ril vb. t. to form into ball, 
 to make round, to roll rouud and round 
 as person or cause, to turn round, ryil 
 nyon vb. to make round and roll away, 
 fdt ryil to torm earth into a ball; zo 
 ryil the rice is coming to head (becoming 
 round). 
 
 ru 1. ru-m to be far, to be distant as 
 time or place lyan-rii-wun-d is the place 
 far? also applied merely to "duration" 
 nam sam rii-liin rnak (he) died after three 
 years duration; ddk ru nan-bo s. a person 
 long confined by sickness. — rixm-bo adj. 
 s. the far one, buk rum-bo the deepseated 
 yam. — a-riim adj. far, distant; — md-rUm 
 adv. far, md-rUm md-riim far far away; — 
 2. to be wasting, chronic, — niin-ru adj. 
 wasting, exhausting (disease) nun-rii ddk 
 bam to have wasting disease (as con- 
 sumption), also nd-rii. 
 
 x\\ 2. a-rw s. the glare of sun, sd-tsiik rii. 
 
 ru 3. s. the cane Calamus montanus 
 Wtt. C. 98, specc : rd-nol, rim, ron, lat, 
 brul; — rii kydl or rii gydn s. a hanging 
 long cane, suspended from tree; rii. gret 
 s. the tendrils of rii; rii. dUm 16m s. a 
 place covered with canes; rii. don s. the 
 tender shoots of rii. which are eaten; rii- 
 nol i. q. rd-nol; rii bi {rip^ s. Calamus 
 macracanthus, the root used for the eye 
 Wtt. C. 94; rii buk s. the inner part of cane; 
 ril flyot s. a bad brittle spec, of cane; rii. 
 mik s. the outer part of rii which is good; 
 rii zat vb. to split cane; rii yun s. a band 
 of plaited cane; rii vyon i. p. hul s. a coil 
 of cane; rii hydt vb. to make cane thin. 
 
 ru- 1. pref. in nn. pr. of rivers, see also 
 run — 2. reduplic. see riip. 
 
 rii-mdm uii see rd-mom un. 
 
 ru-yen n. pr. of a river in Sikhim. 
 
 ru-Si un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim ?•«- 
 si hok n. pr. of a river in S. 
 
 ruk- 1. pref. forms nouns nomina pro- 
 pria of rivers, plants etc. i. q. rHk 2? 
 2. incorr. for rak. 3. reduplic. of 16k. 
 
 ruk 1. vb. t. to cause to protrude, to 
 cause to come into existence. 
 
 ruk 2. vb. n. to be large, applied to 
 stomach, scrotum etc. 
 
 ruk glu s. a plant with bulbous root, 
 poisonous when raw, but when well boiled, 
 eaten. 
 
 riik-nyam s. prevarication, romance, de- 
 ception J., riik-nyam mat vb. to prevari- 
 cate; riik-nyam-tmk s. falsehood. 
 
riik-fydn — run-cum 
 
 ruh-jak — run-fo uri 
 
 335 
 
 ruk-fydn for tuk-fyon see fydn. 
 
 ruk-duh see rak-dun. 
 
 ruk-dun turi-krdk s. a spec, of fern. 
 
 ruk-lims.CelastruspaniculataWtt.C.854. 
 
 ruk-lu rik and ruk-lu bup s. poisonous 
 bulb, eaten after boiling and saturating 
 in water for two or three days, when the 
 poison is extracted. 
 
 ruk-ldp s. 1. the castor oil-plant, Ricinus 
 communis Wtt. R. 369, 2. a spec, of 
 Calamus, three specc. : un r.-L, hik-bu-sd 
 r. I., fat-nok r.-l. 
 
 ruk-vyit s. a spec, of bamboo, eaten raw. 
 
 ruk-son s. steep descent M. 
 
 ruk-sfl s. 1. the stem between the a- 
 pum and bulb. 2. a spec, of fern ruk-sU 
 tun-krok i. q. luk-sip q. v. 
 
 -ruii shld be -r-un postp. see un e. c. 
 par-run partic. pr. fr. par to buy. 
 
 ruii- 1. pref. forms nouns M. Gr. 96 
 1. s. of "extension or length" prefix of 
 the L. names of rivers W. 60 also in 
 other words, see run-gan etc. See also 
 rd- 2. reduplic. of hryon q. v. 
 
 run-kan or sun-kan s. great smoke Tbr. 
 run-kan byon tsdk vb. to cause great 
 smoke Tbr. See kaji. 
 
 ruii-kyen s. n. pr. of a flower, rvn-kyen 
 nyok a spec, of Aphelia M. 
 
 ruii-gan s. a steep ascent, perpendicular 
 upwards direction. 
 
 run-gi un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim, 
 near run-ti. 
 
 run-gok un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 (fr. gok narrow) W. 60. 
 
 rijn-gd mun s. a thar of the L. people 
 "rangomung" H. H. Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 run-gdn kun s. n. pr. of a tree, the butter 
 tree, Bassia longifolia, run-gon p6t s. the 
 fruit, run-gon jii. s. a thorny plant, r. g. 
 rik Berchemia floribunda, two specc. a- 
 dum and ndk Wtt. B. 471. M. 
 
 run-glo un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 60 (fr. glo to fall). 
 
 run-glyan explet. to rvn-cum. 
 
 run-ci-liii n. pr. of a plant Spondias 
 mangifera Wtt. S. 2649. 
 
 run-cum s. the spring, the place whence 
 
 flows the water of life nvm-sim-nyo sd 
 run-cum riin-glyan sap gdn hii mak-so if 
 dried up the man must die. 
 
 ruii-jak s. a gorge, canon, precipice. 
 
 run-jf kun i. q. tun-ji kun. 
 
 rufi-jil mun or rufi-jil ruii-zdk muii (see 
 jit) n. pr. the evil spirit of madness; in 
 P. see under a-bryan. 
 
 run-nyit un Bhotiya ran-nyit cu Pahariya 
 rangit nadt n. pr. of a river, the Rungeet 
 W. 59 ace. W. "the two extended waters" 
 rvn-nyit un mo the greater R., run-nyit 
 un kup the lesser R. 
 
 run-nyo un Bhotiya tsan cu Parb tistd 
 n. pr. of a river, a-do bryan run-nyo riin- 
 nyit su-re zoh mat-td-o may your name 
 be as celebrated as the rivers Rungnyo 
 and Rungeet. 
 
 run tf un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim. 
 
 ruh-tck s. a sort of basket J. vn gyom- 
 lun kyo td-i Ku fd-no-nvn a-zom Mok-bo 
 a-pan-pdn rfnl-tok kd-ti nydt tap blydn to 
 therefore they gathered them together 
 and filled twelve baskets with the frag- 
 ments of the five barley-loaves, which 
 remained over and above unto them that 
 had eaten. J. 
 
 ruh-tdk or *run-t6k T. rah-tag s. a mill. 
 
 ruii-ddp s. a precipitious place M. 96. 
 
 run-ddm s. a gradual or sloping ascent. 
 
 run-noh uii s. n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 60. 
 
 ruh-po uh s. n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 60. 
 
 run-ban muii s. an evil spirit, riih bdn 
 muii zdk vb. to be delirious. 
 
 run-baii un s. n. pr. of a river in Sikhim. 
 
 run-ban kun s. a tree, Caryota urens 
 Wtt. C. 711. 
 
 ruri-bi n. pr. of a river in Sikhim W. 60. 
 
 run-bdk (see run-toK) s. a large spec, 
 of basket for holding corn etc. 
 
 run-fap n. pr. of a river in Sikhim W. 60. 
 
 run-fun fo s. n. of a bird, the hoopoe, 
 Upupa epops R. 207. 
 
 run-fo un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 ace. to W. "the muddy-brown extended 
 water" W. 60. 
 
336 
 
 ruh-fok uh— rup-cfl fo 
 
 rup-cu fo— rum 
 
 ruh-fok un n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 (see fok to be incised deeply) W. 60. 
 
 run-mu s. curse, also fulfillment of curse, 
 run mu run ri s. id., run-mu kyop vb. to 
 execrate, to revile o-re-nun mat-lun hd- 
 yu-nvn hum run-mu kydp-lun li then they 
 reviled him, and said. 
 
 ruh-muk "extensive weeds" n. pr. of a 
 place, a tea-garden in Sikhim W. 72.. 
 
 ruh-mo 1. n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 60. 
 
 run-mo 2. s. ahuge animal, anelephantM. 
 
 run-zo uii n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 W. 60 "the precipitious river." 
 
 run-rf see run-mu. 
 
 ruh-ron uh n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 "the splashing river." 
 
 ruh-ldm see sun-li run-ldm 
 
 ruh-!i n. pr. of a river in Sikhim W. 60. 
 
 ruh-!6t Angl. '■'■rangliot" n. pr. of a 
 village, this is the limit from which the 
 Rungeet floodwaters returned W. 72. 
 See lot. 
 
 ruh-vdl s a basket smaller than run-hok. 
 
 rut 1. cfr. T. rud vb. n. to slip, to 
 slide down as gum from tree, as bank, 
 vb. t. to flock, to overwhelm, to over- 
 spread, to overpower, tur-mdm nit over- 
 spread with breeze, rut-tun Idn vb. to 
 be covered with earth which has fallen; 
 — iut-td riit-td slipping, sliding down, 
 as earth, damp soil etc. 
 
 -run i. q. -nun when preceding words 
 ending in r e. c. md-par-run do not buy, 
 sd-gor-run i. q. sd-gor-niin from the cliff. 
 
 rup 1., reduplic. ru-riip tion r6k a hurri- 
 cane that blows down. 
 
 *rup 2. T. sgrub(^-pa) vb. to get, to 
 obtain M. 146. 
 
 rup-kyul ace. "W. '■'■ rah-kyvX" s. n. pr. of 
 a bird Serilophus rubropygius. R. 206. 
 
 rup-ci bik s. a spec, of beetle. 
 
 rup-cfl fo s the white-throated laughing 
 thrush Garrulax albogularis, hlo rup-cii 
 fo s. the red-billed hill-tit Leiothrix 
 luteus, dan rup-cil fo silver-eared hill-tit 
 Leiothrix argentauris Je. 2. 251 ace. W. 
 Mesia argentauris R. 213. 
 
 rilp-cu fo s. the rufous-necked laughing- 
 thrush Dryonastes ruficollis. M. R 211. 
 
 rup-nydl fo s. a spec, of thrush. 
 
 riip-fydk kuh n. pr. of a tree. 
 
 rup-t'ydh see pun-fym. 
 
 rup-dyon rfp see rip dyon rip sub rip. 
 
 rup-nun fo s. ace. M. a spec, of broad- 
 bill hlo rup-nun-fo ace. M. the red-backed 
 broad -bill Serilophus rubropygius, see 
 rup-kyul; ace. W. "■rup-nbn" Hilarocichla 
 rufiventris, "rab-non" Pteruthius erythro- 
 pterus. R. 213. dan ri/p-nun-fo ace. M. 
 Leioptilla annectaus Je. 2, 248; Cutia 
 nepalensis Je. 2. 247; Tephrodornis pel- 
 vica Je 1. 409. 
 
 rup-bf see rd-byi. 
 
 rup-fyal fo s. yellow-throated broadbill 
 Psarisomus dalhousiae, mun-ki fo. 
 
 rum- reduplic. of rim, rum, rom. 
 
 rum 1. swift: suii-mut riim bam a great 
 wind, a hurricane; riim-bol 1. springing 
 up swiftly 2. a spec, of ant i. q. ntim hoi. 
 
 rum 2. reduplic. rUm-rum-ld small in 
 circumference, fdt rum-rum-ld ground 
 small in circumference as mound. 
 
 rum s. 1. a good spirit in opp. mun, 
 see rum-du; f. rum mit a goddess; 2. T. 
 hla the buddhist deva or devatd, bodhisatoa 
 etc. riim- hla; — riim(^-dar-)mit f. devt, 
 devatd, ddkint; P. ; 3. God Chr. Gen. 1, 1 
 etc.; ricm-niin zo to be cursed by riim 
 (jpd-no-niin zo) a form of imprecation; 
 bo mo-sd rum s. the guardian spirit of 
 parents (on the death of parents will 
 assume authority over children); ritm cdk 
 vb. to make offering to r.; riim fat s. 
 an offering to ri"(m; riim mat vb. to make 
 offering to r. to expel evil spirit from 
 the place lyan riim mat; riim-ld adv. 
 spirituel. 
 
 Comp. riim, kiti-tmm s. the god of fate; 
 — rvm tek "god" "gone" n. pr. of a 
 locality in Sikhim. Local tradition states 
 that the name was given to the side last 
 occupied by their (L.) chief on his de- 
 position by the Bhotiyas to exj.ress their 
 misfortune W. 74; — rUm-dar see under 
 dar; — riivi du s. a visitation of r. or 
 
rum— run 
 
 run kun — re 
 
 337 
 
 illness produced by r., the small -pox, 
 rum du lyek to be secure against small- 
 pox, see (td-)teot; — rum zon pd-no see 
 zon; — ■ riirn lorn s. a godly way; — 7'um 
 lyan s. the dwelling-place of r. , the 
 heaven; "the L.'s laugh at the idea of 
 heaven being placed above our heads 
 in space and wonder at the absurdity of 
 such a conception. They look for this 
 paradise in the warmer regions below." 
 Sri Kali Kumar Das, Buddh. Text. Soc. 
 1896; thebuddhisticcZeuafo^aorMtMava^iP. 
 
 rum 4, rvm-bo see ru. 
 
 rum Ryu s. excuse, evasion, riim Kyu 
 mat vb. to make excuse. 
 
 rum-nyo fo s. a spec, of thrush. 
 
 rum-pum s. the beading or edging as 
 round basket, riim-pujn tset vb. to work 
 ditto. 
 
 rul i. q. rol vb. to roll, as tree, stone; 
 
 — td-rvl s. a slipping, a rolling over, 
 td-riil-ld brom non vb. to slip as on 
 rolling stone and fall; td-riil td-ral-ld 
 ndnyh. to go straightway without stopping. 
 
 — rul-ld rel adjly. round, as ball. 
 
 ru 1. vb. n. to be old, as plants, things, 
 service, to be worn. — a-ru adj. old 
 (things, service etc.), a-ni, I'nm vb. to 
 become old; a-ru co an old book; a-ru 
 sap-si s. an old servant. 
 
 ru 2. T. rus see nyin-ru. 
 
 ru 3: ru ru smouldering, ru ru fun 
 vb. to burn bad as damp wood, to 
 smoulder. 
 
 ru-pf fo s. quail Ex. 16. 13. 
 
 ru-bo see under ke-bo. 
 
 ruk, a-ruk s. 1. a sprout from root of 
 tree, a-ruk nyor-rd nyor-rd a strong shoot, 
 a-ruk sam-md sam-md a weak shoot, 
 applied also to children; — fam-ruk s. 
 a young shoot; — pd-ruk or po-ruk s. 
 bamboo-shoot or young bamboo; — ruk 
 kdr s. a pickle similar to sd-krit, but 
 more fermented and dried; — ruk-kyor 
 old decayed pd-ruk. 
 
 -ruii postp. see go-run, su go-run M. 
 Gr. 53, 86. 
 
 ruii vb. to drop, to run by drops, as 
 
 person, who has got cold, a running at 
 nose. 
 
 run kun s. a tree, three specc. a-hyir, 
 a-nok, a-dum, 
 
 *rup-cen T. grub-cen or *rup-fop T. grub- 
 fob s a saint, Siddha. 
 
 rum vb. n. to move, rum -ma rum-md 
 moving, all in motion, rtcm-md rum-md 
 tyu vb. to move about convulsively. 
 
 rul vb. to raddle, to place across. 
 
 re 1. instrum. ren (f. re-niin); object. 
 rei»; adv. re-Id, rel, pron. dem. cfr. T. re 
 
 — 1. postp. a definite article M. 23 the 
 pd-no re the king M. 23.; — also used 
 in abbrev of a-re this-, — 2. used also 
 in sense of "one" "a certain" as kut- 
 pyuh re one (by name) kut-pyun; — single, 
 some, something; each, a-re-ka re-sd- 
 lom. a-kup t'am-bin jor-so to this (word) 
 wliat diacritical mark will you affix; 
 mnii-Kiiii-yiyo ho re-hi-lu yd yai'i man thou 
 knowest every thiuLi,'. — correl. of sd-re 
 q. v. — 3. forms also substantive as ho 
 fi-re your arrival; iiiak-kiu'i-re the mor- 
 tality J[. 97. — 4. forms the past tense; 
 also past participle; also sometimes used 
 tor-pa q. v. sd-lo go ho md-ro kiip sot-byi- 
 fat-re what! liavo you killed the child. 
 
 — ve re T. re re this and that, separately, 
 each M. 76. 
 
 -ren used in sense of "thro'" as za 
 du-ica-ka ddk gun md-ryu-nim-sd a-z6vi 
 zo-ren' nyi to mat-Un) ddk-pa if you are 
 ill on nionday it is a sign that eating 
 bad food is the cause (or thro' eating); 
 
 ren i. q. -nun, coi'i-pdn-ren f.-ka a-h- 
 
 yo li then spake the chiefbutler unto Ph. 
 Ex. 42. 9. — kiir-fak-ren M i. q. k.-t. re- 
 nun si the ministers saw. — since, from 
 (the time) or since, in the sense of as 
 ho kd-siim go-ren go a-dom go-so since or 
 as you love me I will love you; be- 
 cause; — sd-ron-ren ho pd-no go-so from 
 to-day thou art king; kd-sum lyan ti-ren 
 sd-uyak saw, non-ne it is three days since 
 he arrived; sd-uyak kd-ti-ren go zo md- 
 zo-ne since ten days I have eaten no 
 food; 
 
 22 
 
338 
 
 re — ren 
 
 *ren-jon— *ro-ba 
 
 -rem objectiv, liu pd-no-rem su he 
 petitioned the king M. 23. 
 
 rel (re-Id) each, separate; rel-ld each, 
 every, each respectively, td-se-nun md-ro 
 rel-ld-sd a-mik rel-ld tson rel-la dp sot 
 Padma firing each arrow into each eye 
 of every man killed them P.; Id-vo a-re 
 tm kd-ti-ka ha-yu gun-nun hd-yu do bo- 
 sdn-sd li-pdn sd-pd-ld si-rel-ld kor-ka liik- 
 kup rel-ld lyo gat-so in the tenth day of 
 this month they shall take to them every 
 man a lamb, according to the house of 
 their fathers, a lamb for a house Ex.; 
 hu-nun sin-ta dtim-t'om-bo gyo td-rdk sd 
 m.-sd sin-ta gun-nd sd hd-yu pldn-ka ka- 
 bo din-pan rel-ld rel-ld lon-non he took 
 sixhundred chosen chariots, and all the 
 chariots of E. and captains over every 
 one of them Ex.; lyan rel-ld dyit rel-ld 
 every place has its own customs; 
 
 re z6n in the manner or the manner 
 or way, as ho so-zdn-re zon nyon do you 
 feel cold, are you feeling "in the manner 
 of cold". 
 
 re 2. vb. n. to be scarce, to be rare 
 re re scarce, rare. 
 
 *re 3. T. 'dre s. an evil spirit *re-lin 
 jdn n. pr. of a hill, the hill of evil 
 spirits T. 'dre-glin. 're sdk i. q. mun sdk 
 T. 'dre-sig s. a bug. 
 
 re-lin s. a spec, of plantain, Musacea. 
 
 re-Suk kuii s. a spec, of juniper. 
 
 re-in ace. W. 61 vb. to spread out, to 
 be shallow, re-in un n. pr. of a small 
 rivulet in Sikhim, „raing" of maps W. 61. 
 
 *rek 1. T. (ska-) rags (a girdle) vb. t. 
 to bind round; — a-rek, a-ryek, fam-rek, 
 num-rek, nyom-rek, nam-rek s. a girdle. 
 
 *rek 2. T. reg{-pa) (to touch, to taste) 
 vb. t. to cut a very little off to taste. M. 
 
 *rek 3. T. rags(-pa) adj. large, exten- 
 sive, *mi rek „an extensive fire" used by 
 Lepcha's to represent the burning of 
 jungle. 
 
 (ret), ret-ta ret-ta adv. at intervals, ret- 
 td ret-td ddk vb. to be constantly ill. 
 
 -ren see under -re 1. 
 
 ren vb. n. to hasten, to be quick, ren- 
 
 luH di quickly come, ren lot lat iiasten 
 back. 
 
 *ren-jon T.'bras-ljons n. pr. Sikhim M. 142. 
 -rem see re 1. 
 
 rem T. rem(-pa) 1. strong; quick, swift, 
 vb. to be able, 2. vb. to climb as tree 
 kun rem; — rem-cdn explet. to fam-cdn, 
 tam-cdn rem-cdn animals; — rem-bdn ex- 
 plet. to t'am-bdn, fam-bdii rem-bdn fruits 
 of earth. 
 
 *rel, rel-ld see re 1. 
 rel 1. vb. to proceed continuously, rel 
 noil, vb. to go onward without stopping. 
 — a-rel s. an onward-motion, a-rel-ld 
 noh to go onward. 
 
 rei 2. vb. n. to shake as cornfield when 
 blown by wind; vb. t. to rab, ban rel. 
 
 ro 1. very steep ground, precipitious 
 ground. 
 
 *ro 2. a-ro T. sgro s. feather of arrow 
 tsdn(jsd a-)ro 
 
 ro 3. ro-m vb. n. to fear, to be afraid; 
 ro-wii/i-sd adjly. dangerous; ro-luii noh 
 vb. to go in fear, rgm-bo adj. fearful, s. 
 a fearer; rom-ydm-bo adj. timid; rom-TJiii- 
 adj. terrific; rom cdk vb. to frighten; I'om 
 jdt vb. to be afraid; rom-lyan a fearful 
 place, also a cause of fear, rom-lyan md- 
 nyin-ne there is no cause for fear. — 
 a-rovi s. fear, danger, adj. fearful, a-rom 
 a-cdm-sd lorn vb. to travel in fear or a 
 dangerous road ; a-rom lya?i a dangerous 
 country. 
 
 "^ro 4. T. s. a corpse, ro goA T. ro 
 Van s. burial-place, ro goA dan or dydn 
 litly. to be flung into burial-place, to 
 be dead Tbr. zo ro see under ban. 
 *ro S. T. s. flavour, savour, taste. 
 ro-k5n see rd-koA. 
 
 ro-kyat s. deliverance of articles, to 
 make over, ro md-kydt-ne not to deliver 
 or make over person or thing. 
 
 ro-doii mo s. a large spec, of butterfly, 
 ro don kiip s. a smaller spec. 
 
 ro pin s. exhaustion, as from business M. 
 *ro-ba s. T. rus-sbal a tortoise, testudo, 
 fdt ro-ba s. a tortoise, un ro-ba s. a turtle, 
 ro-ba fok s. a tortoise-shell. 
 
*ro-rf— rol 3. 
 
 rd 1.— r6n 3. 
 
 339 
 
 ""ro-rf T. ral-gri s (a sword) in L. a 
 sword-belt. 
 
 ro-lo un s. n. pr. of a river in Sikhim 
 (fr. rol ace. W. 61). 
 
 ro-huacc. Wtt. C 1155 Cinnamum glan- 
 duliferum 
 
 rok 1., I. a-roh, po-roks. a broken, dry 
 bamboo. 2. vb. to die up said of plants 
 and from bad soil, rok-bo part.: a-pyon 
 rok-po-pdn-nun a-pyon Urn blydn-bo-pdn 
 liyol-fat the seven thin ears devoured the 
 seven rank and full ears Ex. met. also 
 applied to pains in the body from over- 
 work; to tickle the nostrils of nose as 
 by anything getting up. 
 
 rok 2, a-rok adj. young, md-zu a-rok 
 a stripling. 
 
 ''rok 3. T. klog{-pd) vb. to read; see hl6k_ 
 
 ron 1. ace. W. 60 splashing. 
 
 "*ron 2 T. ron s. a defile, a narrow pass; 
 
 'roii-mi T. an inhabitant of such a place. 
 
 rofi 3. roii-nd roh-nd (see a-nyuni) deep 
 
 (voice); in concert roh-nd ron-nd mat vain 
 
 vb. to sing in concert, ron-hd ron-nd co 
 
 lilok vb. to read in concert. 
 
 ron, ron-nd ron-nd coarse and widely 
 woven as cloth duTn ron ron coarse cloth. 
 rop, rop rop gvik s. the sound of 
 fluttering of wings as of fowl when dying 
 or as of insect with wings, fly, etc. when 
 having entered the ear etc. 
 rom 1. see ro. 
 
 rem 2. so rom, so zuh rom to be very cold. 
 *roni 3 T. sgrom s. a box, a trunk. 
 rol i. i. q. I'd! q. v. a-inik rol vb. to roll 
 eyes. 
 
 *rol 2. T. s. a [.ath as of animals 
 rol 3. (see proT) vb. to place across; 
 a-rol s. the woof, the weft of cloth ki 
 rol the transverse threads; the first ske- 
 leton-work in making basket. — td-rol s a 
 bar or balk as for door, a clasp as for 
 cloth, td-rol tdk vb. to bar (door), dum 
 td-rol s. crossbars of loom, a stop in 
 writing, a hyphen, tkiik pot dek dek-ka 
 td-rol (or t>i6k) tap at the end of sentences 
 place stops; met. falling tears mik gniu 
 cak td-rol. 
 
 rd 1 . vb. to ferment i. q. bo. 
 
 *r6 2 see *mik ro T. „mig-da" s. snow- 
 spectacles. 
 
 *rd 3. T. 'dra adj. even, such, alike, 
 *rd tok T. 'dra brtag examining, ro tok- 
 Id vydt vb. to question siftingly. 
 
 rdk 1 . vb. n. to be sour, ci rok-non. 
 
 rdk 2. vb. t. to sift, to sieve. 
 
 rdk 3. vb. n. to be shaken off (as fruit 
 by wind). 
 
 rdk 4. s. hills, mountains, in opp. to 
 tin, rok lyan s. hilly country. 
 
 *rdk 5. T. rogs (for grogs) s. a com- 
 rade, an associate, rdk-bo s. id. rok non 
 vb. to accompany. 
 
 *rdk 6 (see krok) T. drag(s) s. vigour, 
 strength, rdk-ld ndk vb. to look firmly; 
 *rdk kye T. drags skyes stoutly, resolutely, 
 rok kye-lun non to proceed with reso- 
 lution. 
 
 rdn see rdn. 
 
 rdn 1. a-rdii s. a horn, a-o'on cur-rd flu 
 high-brancliing horns; a-ron nyim-bo adj. 
 horned; a-ron fik vb. to rip up with horns; 
 a-7'dn tset vb. to buff with horns; a-ron- 
 sd ok dydn vb. to toss up with horns. — 
 tun-ron n. pr of a hill in Sikhim NE. 
 from num tsu ("Namchi"), known in Dar- 
 jeeling by the name of „Camels back"; 
 the Lepcha's who have some legend of 
 a universal flood, say the hill rose above 
 the waters in shape of a horn (rdn) and 
 afterwards subsided to its present form M., 
 HooktT I, 127. The tribal^ name of ron 
 may perhaps be associated with this 
 legend W. 64. 
 
 rdii 2. also rdn s. a Lepcha, mo tiin ci 
 Tbr., T. mon, Hooker 1, 127. ace. Graham 
 Sandberg, Manual of the Sikhim Bhutiya 
 language Calc. 1888 S. 3 fr. T. ro/r. 
 "ravine-folk", ace. W. 5;3. fr. L. ron T. 
 srun (-ba) "a squatter, a caretaker", see 
 also under rdn 1. — rdn rin s. the Lepcha- 
 language; — rdn li s. "Lepcha-house" 
 n. pr. of a L. village W. 72 
 
 rdn 3. s. a spec, of cane (thorny jii- 
 nyim-bo) Calamus schizospathus M. Wtt. 
 
 (i. 111. 
 
340 
 
 r6n 4. — rdp 
 
 rdm 1. — rya 
 
 rdn 4. adj. ignorant, unlettered, roi'i inim 
 an unlearned mvn: P. for pyi-pa a non- 
 buddhist, a brahmanist. 
 
 rdn 5. to be in doubt, to be in per- 
 plexity (as what to do), to be in sus- 
 pense. — roh-na ron-na exclani. of sorrow 
 M. 90; ron-no id. P. go ron-no woe is me, 
 a-dom rdn-iio fie on you, woe to you. 
 
 rdn 6. (i. q. 1 ?) in comp. ft/aA oh rdn 
 s. the parietal-bones; nyi t'yum roh s the 
 molar-bones. 
 
 '*rdn 7. T. bran see p'o-ron. 
 
 rdt 1. a-rot s. sudden death or violent 
 death, a-7vt mun the evil spirit that pro- 
 duces sudden death represented with long 
 hooked beak. 
 
 rdt 2. a-rot s. Clerodendron dentatuni; 
 Tbr. : applied to any bright red flower, 
 a-rdt rip Tbr. a cock's comb: sa-nyim 
 rip; a-rot-sd vydt fo s. large minivet 
 Pericrocotus speciosus. 
 
 rdt H. rot-td rot-id grating as voice or 
 sound, rot-id rot-td u-nj/imi a grating voice. 
 rot-td rdi-id grik s. a grating sound as 
 of file. 
 
 rdn I, 1. vb. u. to be the time for, dek 
 I'aly wale, rdn-hn fate being satisfied, tho 
 time of death arrives; '2. the season, tlie 
 appropriate time for doing anything, time 
 for, pat rdn s. time for sowing, sd-tsiik 
 lat rdn s. sunrise, the liour for sunrise, 
 dyek rdn s. time for reaping, harvest, 
 dyok rdn time for work, lydn rdn time 
 for play, Idh gyom rdn vn Idd dydn rdn 
 nyi there is a time for gathering stones 
 and a time for flinging them away; niak 
 rdn-ha co sak-fdk Idn-ld m pdn te at the 
 time of death what stay have you except 
 your ardent longing or desire for virtue 
 and religion P. 
 
 *rdn 2. T. ran(-pu) adj. moderate, 
 middle-seized, rdn tet middling, rdn-ld 
 adv. moderately. 
 
 rdn 3, rim-rdn-bo^A'y reticulated as vail. 
 
 rdn 4, rdn rdn indistinct, rdn rdn li vb 
 to be dimsighted. 
 
 rdp vb. n. to stick, to adhere, pyin-ka 
 rdp to stick with glue, met. to be attached, 
 
 a-kijp-nvn mo-ka rdp the child clings to 
 its mother; a-jon-nvn niim-lyen rdp-bam 
 the youth is attached to (or loves) the 
 maiden. — rdp ydm-bo any tiling sticky 
 or that adheres, as glue, creeper on 
 tree etc. — rydp caus. to apply, to affix 
 one thing to another, or thing to attach 
 itself to another, to adhere to, fat dum- 
 ka rydp-bam the earth is sticking to the 
 c\oi\\;pi-ba ndk-tsd co-gu-pdn rydp-lo wlien 
 you write, the ink will adhere to the 
 paper. 
 
 rdm 1. s. the largest spec, of pipsa 
 (midge) sd-dydt rdm. 
 
 rdm 2. vb. t. to pull off as skin of 
 large fruit, to pull to pieces 
 
 rdm 3. s exaggeration, vb. t. to magnify, 
 see sd-tsiik rdm to exaggerate, rdm mat 
 id.; rdm-ydm-bo s. an exaggerator; diJ rdm 
 chronic disease. — a-rdni adj. large 
 (applied to insects), fullsized (as fruit), 
 thick (as bamboo) etc. — nim-rdm-ld 
 adv. bulging out in centre, ventricose. 
 
 rdm kun s. a tree Garuga pinnata, rdm 
 <lii kill) id. see miil-dit kun. 
 
 rdm ci llii kun s a tree Spondias nian- 
 gifera Wtt. S. 264!), rdm ci liu rik a 
 ci'coper, Tajiiria hirsuta. 
 
 rdm-bo s. a spec, of garlic. 
 
 rdl 1. vb. n. to roll round, rdl nydn to 
 roll away rd-rdl-bo adj. rolling. Sec 
 under so. 
 
 rdl 2 s. edge of knife ban rdl. 
 
 rdl 3. s. a sort of net-trap, made of 
 cane for catching fish, rdl cuk vb. to set II. 
 
 rydk: rydk-kd Mk-kd successively rydk- 
 kd Mk-kd cek vb. to cut down all succes- 
 sively, as trees. 
 
 ryat vb. to be liberal, to be generous, 
 rydt-bo adj. (s.) (a)liberal (person); a- 
 rydi id. 
 
 ryan i. q. ren under re 1. 
 
 ryal see ral, rol: rydl-ld rydl-ld round 
 as ball; rd-rydl-ld 1. id. "2. wretched, 
 destitute. 
 
 rya vb. n. to be strung in lines as 
 ornaments etc.; — a-ryn s. a string as 
 of pearls. 
 
ryaR 1. — ryaii 1. 
 
 ryan 2. — ryu 
 
 341 
 
 ryak ]. (from ryak 2,2 to banish cfr. 
 T. dam?) s an oath, a test, sacred ordeal, 
 ryak ka vb. to impose oath; ryak-ka nyen 
 vb. to perform or institute ordeal; ryak- 
 ka tap vb. to put to test; ryak-ka v6n 
 vb. to submit to test; ryak cet vb. to 
 take oath; ryak tat vb. to put to test; 
 ryak nd vb. to break oath; ryak-nvn nom 
 vb. to be overtaken (by penalty) of oath; 
 ryak ne vb. to Iceep oath; ryak bit vb. to 
 take au oath; ryak bydt vb. to impose an 
 oath; ryak my a vb. to asseverate, ryak 
 myli hyi id.; lyah sd-re go-nun ap-ra-ham- 
 ka ryak myd byin-bo-ka in unto the land 
 concerning which I did swear to give it 
 to A. Ex.; ryak mat vb. to take oath; 
 ryak mu vb. to put to ordeal as performed 
 by boii-fi/'i; ryak tsok vb. i. q. ryak mat; 
 ryak zo vb. to violate oath, to perjure, 
 ryak zom-bo s. a perjurer; ryak lyot vb. 
 to recall oath; ryak vydt vb. to ask on 
 oath, ryak-sd pon-lvi'i rih-li vb. to swear 
 to renounce. 
 
 ryak 2. 1. vb. to follow, to suec(uj(l, nam 
 iiiii ryak-liiii-ka in successive seasons; 
 ailvly. narn-niin ryak iu the course of tlic 
 ycai'; — with redupl. ryiJ-ryak, iu-tsut 
 ryil-rynk in the cnurso of time; — to 
 follow, to hunt after, to search after, kd- 
 siim ryak follow me, hi) li-wiin-re fyo- 
 liin aye-su-mum ryak-non (tliey) heard 
 him speak and thy followed J. ; hd-nyum 
 ryak-dydt-tuii si-Uin It (lie) saw them 
 following and said J.; ryak diik ton to 
 persecute; man ryak vb. to hunt; — to 
 follow up (a debt) num ryak; — 2. to 
 cast out, to banish, to expel mu/'t ryak 
 vb. to cast out evil spirit; lyah-ka ryak 
 vb. to cast out of country, to banish, 
 ryak hyi vb. id. 
 
 Deriv. ryak-bo s. a follower; — a-ryak 
 s. a matter of course; adj. following after; 
 inclusive; a-ryak-ka di to be included, 
 to come to a matter of course, go a-ryak- 
 ka di to get saddle with horse. 
 
 ryan 1. vb. to be in rows, ryan to vb. 
 to lay in row. ryan-iid ryan-vd adv. in 
 rows, in files, ryan-nd ryan-nd lom vb. 
 
 to marsh in file. — a-ryan s. a row, a 
 file, a-ryan to vb. to place in rows, a- 
 ryan din vb. to stand in rows, a-ryan lom 
 bam to march in files. 
 
 ryan 2, ryan vb. to crow as cock; ryan- 
 ho crowing; — a-ryan s. the crow of 
 cock M. 113, hik-bu. ryan ryu the cock's 
 crow is a^fortunate auspice. 
 
 ryam vb. to be handsome, to be beauti- 
 ful, ryam-ho or a-ryam adj. handsome, 
 beautiful, a-ryam s. attractiveness, beauty, 
 a-ryam nyim-bo a handsome person or 
 thing, a-ryam zuk vb. to ornate. 
 
 ryit vb. n. to be rougli, having juts, said 
 of precipice, having juts, so that one can 
 climb opp. to hydl-ld hydl-ld. 
 
 ryil see ril and ryul 
 
 ryun, ryOn rytin tremulous motion as of 
 jelly or thick sou]i, ri)ini ryun iiiut vb. 
 to quiver as jelly. 
 
 ryum 1. s. a needle, ryi'mi Idm vb. to 
 thread needle; ryiiui ryum pointed (like 
 needle) applied to mountains or any tiling 
 sliai'])-point('il. ryiim boii s. the point ol' 
 nei'iUe, rytnu ui'i s. tile evi' of ncrillc^, si'c 
 yii ; ryviii uii ki iiilk ral-ln lain, to |i;iss 
 right thro eye of inTillc, to tlu'i'iid. 
 
 ryum 2. jiarticlrs sec zo ryinu s. v. 
 pyun; — td-ryihii dcsohite, abandonncd. 
 
 ryum du s. a bad fever, ryvm ham see 
 under mu. 
 
 ryu, ryu-m, ryii-t vb. to be good, hand- 
 some, healthy M. 101, ryu-pa it is good 
 M. 52 ho f'i-re ryu-pa it is well you are 
 coming; ho lat-tiin-re ryu-pa kam-kam 
 tsthn-ld bam ka-le now that you have 
 arrived, it is good, let us have a little 
 conversation. — ryu-wvn p. good, ryu- 
 wfiii-sd tan a good purpose or intention, 
 ryu-wiiii-sd lom-ka go vb. delight in good. 
 ryu-sd nyi good. — md-ryu-ne not good, 
 bad, used in the sense of injured, as 
 ruin-sd tevi-ho md-rya-ne the spiritual 
 authority is injured, ka-do-ka Id md-ryu- 
 ne lyan fat Id md-ryu-ne proverb, if one 
 is bad, the place also is bad in his (>yrs. 
 7iaiii md-ryu-ne T. mu-ge a bad year, 
 famine P. — ryu-ld adv. well M. 66 ryu- 
 
342 
 
 ryut— (rydl) 
 
 la-la 
 
 Id bam-nyi-o or ryu-la bam-o or ryu-ld 
 non-ma-o or ryu-ld bam-ma-o farewell 
 M. 146. 
 
 ryum, a-ryum adj. good, handsome, 
 healtliy M. 80. ryum-bo s a good person 
 or tiling; adj. good etc.; /mn mi fan ryu- 
 bo a tree good for burning; — ryum-co 
 ■superl. the best, thoroughly well, ryum 
 len md-ryu-nij h-re gyap pa than the good 
 there are many more evil, md-ryu-num- 
 bo adj. bad M. 107. — ryum-ldt s. good- 
 ness. 
 
 ryvt caus. of ryu e. c. so ryut fine 
 weather, a-liit ryut or sak ryut (also 
 written sak ryot) to be happy J. sak-ryut 
 s. joy, pleasure. 
 
 ryut see ryu. 
 
 ryun neg. fr. ryu, md-ryun i. q. mu- 
 ryu-ne. 
 
 ryek see rek. 
 
 ryeii 1., ryen vb. n. to be nervous, to 
 feel afraid, as when going over precipice; 
 — sd-ryen-ld startling, shuddering sd-ryen- 
 Id mat vb. to startle, to shudder, grik 
 sd-lyon fyo-ba hu sd-ryen-ld inat on jiear- 
 ing the sudden sound he startled, by Si- 
 ba sd-ryen-ld mat seeing the snake he 
 startled back. 
 
 ryen 2. smoky see under mi. 
 
 ryen see ren under re 1. 
 
 ryep vb. n. to be bad, full of fibres 
 said of buk yam. 
 
 ryem 1. vb. n. to exult over; — a-ryem 
 adj. quick, active. 
 
 ryem 2, 7nik ryem vb. to be afraid. 
 
 ryem see rem under re 1. 
 
 ryel see rel- under re 1. 
 
 ryot see ryut under ryu. 
 
 ryol (see ro/, ril etc.) ryol-ld ryol-ld 
 round. 
 
 rydk see rydk, rydk-ld one after another, 
 successively, here and there, ryok-ld buk 
 vb. to beat one after another indiscri- 
 minately; ryok-ld op vb. to fire here and 
 there, one after another; 
 
 rydn vb. n. to be puffed out, to be 
 blown out as stomach (see ryom), to pro- 
 ject. 
 
 ryot 1. vb. t. to spread out flat as wings. 
 
 rydt 2. vb n. to be parentless, to be 
 an orphan, ryot cet or ryot kvp 1. an 
 orphan, 2. a sjiec. tun-rot; — a-ryot s. an 
 orphan, said of men or beasts. 
 
 rydn 1 base as voice u-nyvm ryon-nd 
 ryon-nd. See 7'on 3. 
 
 rydn 2. (see row) — td-ryon s. 1. a net- 
 bag for holding things, a vail Gr. 38. 14. 
 2. a spec, of water-spider uh td-ry6n\ 
 tur-ryon id. 
 
 rydp caus. of rop q. v. 
 
 rydp vb. n. to grope along as in the 
 dark. 
 
 rydm 1. vb. n. to be forsaken, to be 
 left desolate, said of place, lyan rydm a 
 forsaken place, a deserted country, // 
 ry67n s. a forsaken house. — a-rymn s. 
 the remains, what is over, remainder. 
 
 rydm 2. s. indigo rydm kuii, rydm t-o 
 the indigo colour, ace. il. Wtt. M. 302 
 Marsdenia tinctoria. 
 
 (rydl) ryil-ld rydl-ld round, large round, 
 ryil-ld ryol-ld iidk vb. to open one's eyes 
 wide as with surprise, but particularly 
 used for to look on, as a superior on 
 an inferior. 
 
 la the 23 th. letter of the so-called L. alphabet '), Id kat id.; Id nydt the second 
 
 alphabet T. ai English I. final consonant (w "); Id sam the third 
 
 la the name of the final k (Lepclia- final consonant (;••); Id {kat or nydt or 
 
la— la 1. 
 
 (la) 2. ta.|4— la-fu 
 
 343 
 
 saTTi) {yap vb. to write final coisoiuint 
 (k, m, V). Litly. one dot, two, three dots. 
 
 la- prefix forms 1. nouns (names of 
 beasts and plants). — nouns in negat.. s. 
 sec lu-zii in opp. to md-zij, Id-yo Id-son etc. 
 
 -la (cfr. T. -Id) postp. 1. by affixing 
 -la to the root of verbs and nouns ad- 
 verbs are formed e. c. ri/u to be good, 
 ryu-lu well, torn to be strong toin-h'i 
 strongly; some adverbs thus formed may 
 take a prefixed particle or syllable (re- 
 duplication) e. c. gli to be distinct gli-ld 
 and sd-gli-ld distinctly, bd to be full, 
 bd-ld and pd-bd-ld full M. Gr. 21,66; 
 so-nap s. night so-nap-ld by night; c. c. 
 -vio, -sd, -ka adjly. e. c. ciil-ld below 
 (id-ld-mo adj. s. living below, an inhabi- 
 tant of the valley, 6 ev ny vnmj, a-cun rel- 
 Id-ka under every head (see under re) 
 til-ld-sd man md-go-ne game is not to be 
 had for nothing (see under ti; in certain 
 roots the / of Id is geminated) — 2. by 
 affixing -Id to the pronominal-roots sa, 
 m and to (interrogative pronouns) inde- 
 finite pronouns and adverbs are formed 
 e. c. 8U which, what? hu-ld or to-ld (or 
 to ka-ld) whosoever, any body etc. — 
 3. negation is emphatically expressed by 
 -Id affixed to the verb (or su-ld) and a 
 repetition of the verb (the verb) in the 
 negat. H. Gr. 109. go bam-ld md-bam-iie 
 I won't stay, I shall certainly go; zo-ld 
 md-zo-ne not to eat at all; lin-ld md-li- 
 ne not to speak at all; non-Id md-non-ne 
 will not go at all; go-nun su-ld bi-sd inu- 
 nyin-nd bun because I could not give any 
 money P. — 5. postp. of verbal roots 
 in s. of "though, tho', notwithstanding" 
 see under -sen (-sdn) and -sd e. c. hu-nun 
 ha-yum mo/'i-rem diin-sen-ld dyer dun-bo 
 md-nyin-7ie he told them his dream, but 
 there was none that could interpret them 
 unto Ph. Ex. — 6. by affixing -Id to 
 -fn'i-sd postp. of the fut. def. a fut. exact 
 is formed "immediately on" M. 49. — 
 See yan-ld. — 7. correl. oi gdn and sa-W- 
 la 1. particle 1. in s. of emphasis, in- 
 tensity, rip Id nyak-kd nyi-nan-yam-o there 
 
 was a plenty of (lotus-) flowers P.; ho 
 mak Id mak-so thou shalt surely die G. ; 
 in s. of "only" kun Id nydt only two 
 trees; 2. "also" go Id noii-so I will also 
 go ; I ik-sdii-nun hu dum-pdn lyo-lun a-ka 
 fd-li mat iin ko-rem Id lyo then the 
 soldiers took his garments and made four 
 parts and also his coat J. ; on sd on tul- 
 bo nydt Id td-lyd-dd-ka gyam fat the horse 
 and his rider has he drown into the sea 
 Ex.; — Id-ld (Chinese la la) id., un ho 
 Id Israel lok-sd run-sdil Id mi-zdr-sd fd- 
 no lyaa-ka noh-luh . . . and thou shalt 
 come, thou and the elders of J. unto the 
 king of Egypt Ex. — 2. i. q. fo, Id gdn 
 accordingly; therefore. 
 
 (la) 2. ta-la s. imitation, td-la mun s. 
 echo; td-la mun lik to echo; td-ld mat 
 vb. to imitate. 
 
 la ?). adv. : Id-la abundantly, Id-ld fop 
 to get plenty. 
 
 la 4. vb. to be able to bear, to support, 
 to endure, to tolerate, to suffer, to put 
 up with, to be equal to, btl mii-ld-ne or 
 Id-lun md-bu-ne not to be able to bear 
 the load; a-dyan-nvn md-zu md-ld-ne for 
 the legs not to be able to bear the body; 
 to afford, korn a-tet byin md-ld-ne I can- 
 not afford to give so much. — Id-bo adj. 
 (one) able to bear or to endure. — Deriv. 
 Idt vb. t. to have influence over, to have 
 power over, to effect, rum-mvm to-ld-niin 
 md-ldt-ne no one has power over God; 
 hum m-ld-nun md-ldt-ne nothing has 
 power over him; to be useful, to be 
 sharp as knife; also let. 
 
 (la 5j, tun-la expletive of tii/i-kun. 
 la-kdm bu s. a spec, of large white 
 wood-grub spec. Trilobates. 
 la-kyo fo s. the crested buzzard. 
 la-gap s. a spec, of bird, Gocci- 
 nella M. 
 
 la-guk '■'■lagook'" s. wild leek Hooker 2,46. 
 la-gek s. a spec, of cicada M. 
 la-ca i. q. li-cd see //. 
 la-ju s. a sort of distaff. M. 
 la-fu s. a bell attached to neck of 
 cows. M. 
 
34J: 
 
 la-de — la-vo 
 
 la-hak, la-hak bu— lak 
 
 la-de also la-de s. a plate iin pur-sit 
 tail lyo-bdn vi Id-de-ka nyim-bo-ka jam- 
 lii/i vyen fyak sd vyeii kin nydt-ka i i Id- 
 de-ka nyim-bo-rem Sit-td ye shall take a 
 bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood 
 that is in the bason and strike the lintel 
 and the two side-posts with the blood 
 that is in the bason Ex. 
 
 *la-zdn T. le-tsan s. an alphabetical 
 primer, a vocabulary. 
 
 la-zu (see ind-zi)) s. a corpse, dead'; 
 dead leaves of the plantain used for 
 stopping watercourse, Id-zu tek vb. to 
 perform funeral ceremonies. 
 
 la-yo or la-yo la-sdn litly. "without 
 virtue" s. sin, guilt, Id-yo lyan sij.'.-dUm 
 a-re this world is the land of sin; Id-yo 
 mi-niin dop-so will suffer for sin in hell; 
 Id-yo gyap-bo a great sinner; Id-yo gyum 
 vb. to shun sin, Id-yo tok vb. to be 
 cleansed from sin; Id-yo di-so it will be 
 sinful; Id-yo dydn vb. to put away sin; 
 Id-yo-niin hrya to be under power of sin; 
 Id-yo piii' s. a great sinner; Id-yo p6n vb. 
 to renounce sin, Id-yo-sd a-ldm zdk-so 
 there will be retribution of sin; Id-yo bH. 
 fak-bo s. a great sinner, whose load of 
 sin is full; Id-yo bun-bo adj. guilty, 
 bearing sin; Id-yo md-ro a sinful man; 
 Id-yo zdk vb. to incur sin or meet with 
 punishment of sin; Id-yo zoh vb. to put 
 away sin; Id-yo lam lot vb. to suffer or 
 receive punishment for sin; Id-yo sat vb. 
 to blot out sin; Id-yo sok vb. to confess. 
 — in P. T. mtsams-med-pa Skt. '^'I'flT:!^ 
 see Jaschke s. v. cfr. T. la-yogs. 
 
 la-yon s. a spec, of cicada. 
 
 la-vo T. zla-ba (see also da-wa, nyoin) 
 s. the moon; a month; met. the ministers 
 of king, Id-vo Id-vo advly. monthly; Id-vo 
 nydt mm-sd a-byek in the course of two 
 or three months; Id-vo nyet s. intercalary 
 month; Id-vo nyer to wane (moon); Id-vo 
 ti-ld ndn to wax. Id-vo tydt Tbr. to have 
 menses; Id-vo ■ t'dt-non to .•-et (the moon); 
 Id-vo dar sd-fdn-mm tsick to be eclipsed; 
 Id-vo nan full moon; Id-vo nam gdn s. 
 last day of month; Id-vo nam ium-nUn 
 
 ryak mydn-lim bdn to be in season, in 
 fruit; Id-vo-niin fyet to to have the 
 menses Tbr.; Id-vo pld hron (the moon) 
 to rise; Id-vo pyon-ld n&ii or phn to 
 wane; Id-vo fvn-vyan-ld a crescent moon; 
 Id-vo bdn commencement of year, first 
 month; Id-vo ban or Id-vo cii (the moon) 
 to wane; Id-vo blydn i. q. nan-^ Id-vo mak- 
 non the completion of month or of moon; 
 Ici-vo mill noh the appearing of moon be- 
 fore change; Id-vo tsu kyop vb. to reckon 
 the date; Id-vo tsur s. the ray of moon, 
 Id-vo tsiir md-nyin-ne said when the moon 
 is near its expiration; Id-vo Ion 1. moon- 
 shine 2. a spec, of butterfly (white), Id- 
 vo lorn so the first two or three days of 
 the month; Id-vo bik s. a spec, of butter- 
 fly; Id-vo so T. zla-ba soZ intercalary month; 
 Id-vo al the new moon. — sd-tsHk Id-vo 
 the king and queen, the state, the go^ 
 vernment, Id-vo tUn-bik the subjects of king. 
 
 la-hak, la-hak bu s. a grub, destructive 
 to buk. 
 
 la-hap s. a mountain-pass, a gap, a 
 clift, cavern. 
 
 la-hu s. the rind at the bottom of the 
 leaf of the wild plantain, the patiole, 
 Id-hu fyan vb. to put it to stop water- 
 course or to change watercourse, Id-hu ok 
 vb. to pull off the r. 
 
 la-ho kuh s. a tree, Butea frondosa Wtt. 
 B. 944. 
 
 la-hok broken, fyii. Id-hok a broken 
 cooking-vessel. 
 
 la-hok, la-hok-bo s. a tribe ofLepcha's. 
 
 Ia-v6n dum s. a cutaneous complaint, 
 Id-vo/i dum nok a. ringworm. 
 
 la-sdn see Id-vo. 
 
 la-Sam s. a spec, wood-maggot, Id- 
 sam bii. 
 
 la-'ayum s. the slimy vegetation in 
 stagnant water, Id-dyiim bi n. of plant. 
 See yum., dyvm. 
 
 la-o-mo s. a carrot M. 
 
 la-on (cfr. T. "oA-gu) s. the lamp. 
 
 la-dn rik s. n. of creeper M. 
 
 lak vb. t. to pour, as water, rice and 
 etc., to imbrue; to make paper, blydn-ld 
 
Ian, Idn — Ian 
 
 Ian-k6m— Idn sam 
 
 345 
 
 Idk vb. to fill J.; ci Idk s. a vessel for 
 holding ci. 
 
 i Ian, Ian 1., Ian vb. n. to be conceited, 
 affected; Idn-bo adj. s. an affected person; 
 — a-ldn s. conceit, vanity, a-ldn dar-rd 
 dar-rd mat vb. to be very conceited; a- 
 Idn mat-bo or md-ro a-ldn ydm-bo i. q. 
 Idn-bo. 
 
 Ian 2. (see 3.) vb. n. to become hard M. 
 
 Ian 3. in comp. luii- q. v. (cfr. Miri av- 
 ion, Ao-.Naga lu/i etc.) esplet. kun san 
 a stone, a rock; expletive to kun wood 
 M. 137; the name of second cycle of 
 year; Idn sd^^dyak s. Tuesday M. 140, — 
 7ni do Idn s. a flint, mi do Idn pyet-ba mi 
 lat or pJd when the flint is struck fire 
 comes; Idn nok vb. to grind stone, Idn 
 cap vb. to bore rock; ld?i fyan vb. to lay 
 foundation-stone; Idn dydn vb. to throw 
 stones,, Id/i dydn kat a stone's throw; 
 Idn-sd tyer vb. to pelt with stones; Idn 
 sa-non rock to be shivered; Idn dn-non 
 r. to be 'in small pieces; — hard, in- 
 durated, fre7i Idn an indurated sore or 
 swelling see under a-kd pg. 2 B. — Idn 
 kd-lut s. a bare rock, also a smooth 
 pebble (see lut); — Idn kiim s. a hollow 
 under rock; — Idn krik s. a pebble or 
 splinter of rock; Id/i klydk s. a rock level 
 on the top; • — Idn giim s. a raised rock 
 with hollow underneath, not so large as 
 kiim; — Idn jdn s. a large rock, Idn-ka 
 ryak vydt vb. to take oath on stone; — 
 Idn-ji s. grit, gravel, Idh-ji ddk s. the 
 gravel, urinary calculi; — Idn tin-ri s. a 
 small stone for grinding spices; — Idn 
 tiik-tsam s. a stone-mortar; Idn tur-gon 
 s. a subterraneous passage in rock; — 
 Idn tior-ci dor s. a spec, of mushroom, 
 used as an astringent for sores and taken 
 internally as a medicine; — Idn dyer s. 
 layers of stones; — Idn pd-brut rough 
 stone; — Idn bi"it soit stone; — Idn byek 
 or byer s. a fissure or gap in rock; — 
 Idn mi pyet s. a flint; — Idn tsdk i. q. 
 Id/i fyan; — Idn zdn-bo intrepid, a fear- 
 less person; — Idn zor s. grit, gravel; — 
 Ida rit s. a mass of rocks; — Idn Id- 
 
 yum s. the scum on stones from moisture; 
 
 — Idii Id-hap i. q. Idn kiim but larger; 
 
 — IdH-ldp-bo Gabbatha J. — Idn lit a hard 
 stone; — Idn hydk-kd hydk-kd a sharp 
 cragged rock; — Idn hyel-ld hyel-ld a 
 whet -stone; — Idii vyeh s. a defile, a 
 pass; — Idn-sd a-Mt s. iron; — Idn siin- 
 kri s. a spec. sUn-kri; — Idn son "a 
 stone" "resounding" n. pr. of a locality 
 in Sikhim W. 72 Longsong; — Idn ap 
 s. a piece of stone, a fragment, a corn. 
 
 — pun-ldn explet. to pUn-jen. 
 
 lan-kdm s. the price given on a bridal 
 contract see Mk-myen, a-sek. 
 
 lan-So s. a habit, generally applied to 
 a bad one, vice, vicious propensity, ho 
 a-fyak hut Idn-so mat-non you have got 
 a bad habit of scratching your head; Idii- 
 so-ka klon vb. to teach bad habit; Idn-so 
 dydn pdn fo vb. to wean one's self from 
 bad habit; Idn-so dydn or lyot vh. to cast 
 off a bad habit; Idn-so si or viat vb. to 
 acquire a bad habit, to be evil-disposed. 
 
 -Idt postp., by affixing -lat to a root 
 (vb. or noun) abstract nouns are formed 
 M. Gr. 95 e. c. nok vb. to be black: nok- 
 Idt s. blackness; see also hrydn-ldt, nyun- 
 Idt, tan-ldt, sim-ldt, zuk-ldt, biin-ldt: it 
 denotes the manner or property of the 
 preceding word, i. q. -M q. v. e. c. cuni- 
 Idt dyup-liin li vb. to compare in a little 
 manner, Um-ldt dyup-lHii li vb. to make 
 comparison on a large scala. 
 
 *lat vb. T. lod(-pa') to become worse, 
 said of body or mind, mi-Id mi-Id Idt to 
 become gradually worse, zimi Idt-ld ndn 
 sickness to become worse, fam-cdn-len 
 lat to become worse than a beast. 
 
 lat see Za. 
 
 Ian see Idn. 
 
 Ian 1. vb. t. to send a message, to send 
 to inquire. — *ldn cen T. blon cen s. 
 some officer under king. 
 
 Ian 2. vb. n. to consent, to comply with. 
 
 — td-ldn s. modus coeundi. 
 
 Ian sam vb. n. to be unlucky, to be 
 illomened, Idn-sam-bo adj. unlucky, 
 illomened; Idn sam da-bo li or lyaH or 
 
346 
 
 lap— la 
 
 la— *lak 
 
 Mm or Idn sam-mim-sd U an illomened 
 house, place or road where many people 
 have died. 
 
 lap i. q. lap q. v. 
 
 lap vb. t. to spread as carpet a-ldp lap; 
 to be written over (contents of letter) 
 yuk lap; — a-ldp s. a carpet or whatever 
 is spread to sit or to lie down upon, a 
 tablecloth etc., a stand for anything. 
 See Idn Idp-ho. 
 
 1dm 1. vb. to fly; — a-ldm adj. flying, 
 able to fly; fo a-ldm a bird which can 
 fly; a-ldm Map vb. to learn to fly. — 
 Caus. lydm to cause to fly. 
 
 lam 2. vb. to thread as needle, necklace, 
 man pd-tin lam to spit flesh on stick. 
 
 lam 3. vb. n. to become substitute, to 
 give in return, to recompense; Idm-bo s. 
 a substitute, lyan Idm-bo s. provincial 
 officials; — Idm mat i. q. Idm, sot-tun-sd 
 sot-ldm mat to revenge death by death; 
 buk-kun-sd buk-ldm mat to give blow for 
 blow. — Idm-ka advly. in room of, in 
 place of, instead of, o-lo-gdn hu a-nye 
 so-nap-ka a-do td-gri-kup-sd d. Idm-ka a- 
 do kd-ta-ka da-so therefore he shall lie 
 with thee to night for thy son's d. G. a. 
 non-bdn liik-bu rem tsam-luti M-do td-gri 
 kup Idm-ka a-piit p'u A. went and took 
 the ram, and ofPered him up for a burnt- 
 offering in the stead of his sou G. — a- 
 Idm s. a recompense, Id-yo-sd a-ldm lot 
 vb. to met with retribution, a-ldm cik 
 byi vb. to repay, a-ldm Tnat bam vb. to 
 officiate for another, a-ldm tap vb. 1. to 
 give a hostage or ransom, 2. to restore, 
 to repay; a-ldm lat vb. to take the place 
 of another; a-ldm lot vb. to be repaid; 
 a-ldm lyot vb. to take revenge; — a-ldm 
 advly. or a-ldm-ka i. q. Idm-ka e. c. riim 
 sd-re-nun a-dovi td-bdk-sd a-pot kok-fat- 
 bo-sd a-ldm bo go-d am I in God's stead, 
 who has withheld from thee the fruit of 
 the womb? G. 
 
 *la 1. hon. or la so T. legs-so Skt. 
 sddhu a respectful mode of address: yes, 
 it is so, Sir. 
 
 la 2. postp. expresses interrogative. 
 
 la 3. s. the middle, the midst of, mi 
 la in the midst of men, md-ro-sd la-nun 
 dot vb. to banish or expel from society 
 or the midst of men; — pur-cet-la s. the 
 groin, the peritoneum. — td-la 1. or 
 man(td-)la a. a 'gland; 2. a spec, of crab 
 td-la td-hi. 
 
 la 4. vb. t. to point as stake, met. a- 
 can la to have lumbago. — td-la adj. 
 pointed as stick, tiin-gydl td-la a pointed 
 dibble. 
 
 la 5. vb. n. to flame mi la; la la flaming 
 up, flackering as light, la Id dyak bam vb. 
 to flame up; met. a-zum la la bam nyi 
 vb. to be in good health. — la-un s. a 
 lamp, also la-on. — tiin-la adj. bright, 
 dazzling, beautiful, tun-kun tiin-la beauti- 
 ful rainbow, tUn-kun tiin-la mit nymphs; 
 — niin-la i. q. tiin-la. 
 
 *la 6. T. la s. a mountain-pass. 
 
 la-gyek s. n. of a very noisy spec, of 
 wood-beetle. 
 
 *la-c6 s. T. la-ca pitch G. 6. 14, sealing 
 wax, la-co-sd nyiir vb. to fasten with wax. 
 
 la-ju s. a distaff. 
 
 la tor vb. to be startled, to be suddeuly, 
 greatly frightened. 
 
 la-de see Id-de. 
 
 *la-buk s. T. la-pug a radish. 
 
 la-byd fo s. n. pr. of a bird. 
 
 * la-ma T. bla-ma s. a buddhist monk, 
 lama; la-ma Kyen-no T. bla-7na mkyen-no 
 excl. of wonder M. 90. 
 
 la-mo s. the ground on which they 
 thrash corn by dancing on it. 
 
 la-yo see Id-yo. 
 
 la-re s. a canopy M. 
 
 la-li n. pr. of a tree, Phoebe lanceolata 
 (Laurus 1.) Wtt. P. 546. 
 
 la III vb. to perform invocations for the 
 cure of sickness performed by lama, la 
 lu mat id. 
 
 la sa grf s. a matchlock M. 
 
 *la san T. las tmn s. an officer of state. 
 
 *lak T. lag s. the hand; — Oomp. lak- 
 c6 s. a tool, an instrument; — lak-to or 
 lak-dd s. a present to equal or to great 
 man, lak-dd md ri vb. to send a souvenir; 
 
lak-ka— lap-rfe 
 
 lap-tsd-li 
 
 347 
 
 lak do s. : ki lak do a bunch; — lak n&h 
 s. booty taken from enemy, lak nm-len 
 mat lei to be habituated in war and 
 strife; — lak pyet L. a-kd tsuni (to en- 
 gage enemy hand to hand; — lak-zo s. 
 handicraft, lak-zo a-ryum good workman- 
 ship; lak-zo jun to be badly executed; — 
 lak len s. a written acknowledgement of 
 receipt of present. 
 
 lak-ka reduplic. of lok-kd q. y. 
 
 lak ka adj. white-footed (animal). 
 
 lak-kom bu i. q Id-kom-bu. 
 
 lan-na reduplic. of lin-nd q. v. 
 
 (Ian) ta-lah s. an internal hernia. 
 
 lat 1. vb. to come, to arrive; to come 
 to hand, to come to ear, to come to mind 
 a-kup-sdn-sd sak-cin lat-lun the thought 
 of the children occuring; to have origin, 
 to descend dyit-re o-t'a-ren lat this custom 
 descended from that time ; to come to an 
 end, to shoot out (plants) zo pyon lat 
 (rice) to come out into ear; — to come 
 to pass, to happen a-re zdn kd-su-ka lat- 
 tvn re that it should have happened to 
 me; hu lot md-lat-ne he has not returned; 
 — lat dydt to come, to arrive i. q. lat. 
 
 lat 2. s. a spec, of calamus, Calamus 
 leptospadix of which chairs etc. are made 
 Wtt. C. 91. 
 
 Ian vb. t. 1. to smooth or plaster over 
 as with earth M. 2. met. to be plunged 
 in thought: sak-cin-nun Ian. 
 
 lap 1. vb. to bury fiin lap; — a-lap s. 
 burying, a-lap gyit s. the tribe of Lepcha's 
 who bury their dead. 
 
 lap 2. s. a well W. 72, un lap a small 
 hollowed receptacle for water. 
 
 lap 3. vb. t. to clear woods for culti- 
 vation, nun-gri lap to clear a field for 
 cultivation, which has been allowed to 
 run to jungle. 
 
 lap 4. li lap vb. to lisp. 
 
 lap 5. T. lab, lap den Su vb. to address 
 king. 
 
 (lap G.) la-lap s. a sort of bamboo-vessel, 
 small bowl or saucer, generally used as 
 a cover for bowl. 
 
 lap-re i. q. la-re, i. q. pmi-dop see dop. 
 
 lap-tsd s. stones set up as sign-posts 
 to direct the way; the L.'s and Bhutiya's 
 place leaves on these stones under some 
 superstitious idea, that they doing so will 
 prevent them getting tired. 
 
 lap-Si bdn fo s. a spec, rock-thrush i. q. 
 ton-tik fo. 
 
 lam 1. s. a thrashing-floor. 
 
 lam 2, a-lam s. the thigh of man or 
 beast, the hind-leg of animal, a-lam a-pdk 
 s. the leg and shoulder, the hind- and 
 fore-leg of animal. See man lam. 
 
 (lam 3.) ta-lam s. the scrotum, testicles, 
 td-lam sd td-blyon s. the scrotum, td-lam 
 pot the testicles. 
 
 lam 4. reduplic. Imn-md lam-mu com- 
 pletely, l.-md l.-md kid vb to cut right 
 thro' with one stroke, l.-md l.-md mak 
 vb. to die outright. 
 
 *lam-po ce T. s. the road to heaven. M. 
 
 lam-sa s. a spec, of fish. 
 
 lal not straight in handle, as blade of 
 knife, lal-non to become so; Id-lal-ld i. q. 
 Id-lol-ld turned outwards, bent outwards. 
 See lei. 
 
 If 1., li-n vb. to speak, to tell, imper. 
 2 d. p. li-o, li-d, li-u-o; li-ka let us speak, 
 lin kon let him speak; li-wiin p. pres.; 
 li-tun imperf. subjunct.; lin det about 
 speaking; lin-bo speaking, a speaker, 
 lin-bo-re what is spoken or the speaker, 
 han-td pdt-lyan-sd pd-no a-lo-yo li-yam,-o 
 then the king of Tibet said the following 
 words P.; tan li vb. to speak seriously; 
 ddm-md li vb. to speak gently; lydk-lv/'t 
 li vb. to speak indirectly; lyon li vb. to 
 speak jestingly; a-tdm li vb. to speak 
 decidedly; a-na/l fe' vb. to speak straight- 
 forwardly; lin Uu vb. to be able to tell; 
 li tet md-tom-ne not to act up to one's 
 words; hu do sak-cin-nun li vb. to say 
 to one's self; go-niin li-wUn-ka nydn-nd-o 
 listen to what I have to say; U-sd md- 
 nyin-ne it is not to be expressed; — li- 
 Id speaking, saying; speaking constantly 
 — li-7)id li: li md li md-nyin-ne it is of 
 no importance; go non-sdii li md li md- 
 nyin-ne I shall go whatever you may 
 
S48 
 
 If-lf 
 
 If 
 
 say. P.; li to vb. to promise, to engage; 
 li byi, or li ho to tell; lin-mydm-bo or 
 lin-ydm-ho eloquent; — Un-lu s. voice, 
 speach, a-tdn-nyim-bo yun-nun kd-sii lin- 
 lu-ka nydn every one that is of the truth 
 heareth my voice; — Un-set s. the means 
 of speaking, the tongue. 
 
 If, (2. see li 1.) a-lf s. the tongue, a- 
 li-ka t'yah vb. to have a fine taste, a-li- 
 ka yd vb. to have a fine taste (as an 
 epicure,) a-li-ka um yd vb. to have a 
 good knowledge in taste, a-K kol vb. to 
 make a noise with tongue (as a dumb 
 person does), a-li glen vb. to be skilled 
 in speach. — li cd s. the uvula. — a-U 
 tyum vb. to chatter, to talk, a-U fik vb. 
 to stammer, a-U di vb. to be fluent in 
 speach, a-U bdn s. 1. the roots of the 
 tongue 2. n. pr. of a tongue-like spur of 
 land below Dorjiling Angl. Lebong W. 71. 
 a-li bid vb. to lick lips, a-li-ydk s. the 
 tip of the tongue; a-U lap vb. to lisp; 
 a-U lydk-ydm-bo s. a good talker; a-U 
 um vb. to roll the tongue in mouth; a- 
 li-sd dyen son s. a false friend; li so lat 
 vb. to leak. 
 
 If 3. s. a house M. 8, 27. U pit id., T. 
 Kyim; li-mo a great h. M. 102, han tdk- 
 ka fit-bo li the first house you conie to; 
 lo a-tek-ka tit-bo li the last house you 
 come to; li-ka md-fiin-ne to have every 
 thing near, as wood, water etc. ; li klirl-hd 
 klin-nd a firmly built house; li gok s. a 
 deserted house; li torn s. a strong house; 
 li tel the last house, as of street; li dyo- 
 Id an open house without partition; li 
 •pyok vb. to sweep house; li bryok an old 
 ruined house; li yon a long house or 
 shed; li hryap-pd hrywp-pd a rickety 
 house; li vor nan houses to be clustered; 
 li zuk vb. to build h. ; li par-Mn zuk vb. 
 to enlarge h.; U hlatyh. to fall in (house); 
 li a-td a solitary h. ; li a-blyot a long h. ; 
 li a-sdn a dry h.; li a-sdl a damp h. 
 
 li-bi or li-ka in or to the house; li-ka 
 vyon or tap or lyo vb. to receive into h.; 
 li dyep-ka nan or bam vb. to live in the 
 same h. together; — li-sd domestic, of or 
 
 belonging to h.; — li kd-ta-sd ma-rd s. 
 a house-fellow. 
 
 Comp. li kUn s. the ridge of house; 
 H kor s. "vicus" J. 10; li kyqn s. a village 
 or town. M. 81.; li krydn or likHn-krydn 
 s. a small watch-house over fields; U 
 gul s. the side of house; li gov kd-ju s. 
 a watch -dog; li gya bi s. roof on ends 
 of house (see gya pg. 60); li cap 1. s. 
 the roof of house, 2. vb. to thatch house; 
 li td-rdm s. one-sided shed as against 
 house; li td-ran s. side-spars of wall; 
 li td-lyon s. a verandah; li tin s. beams 
 of floor; li tvk-p-ol s. the sleepers over 
 which the joists (^td-lyd) are placed; li 
 tion-krdm s. the flooring; li tUn-grydp s. 
 wall of house, li t.-gr.-ka kdt sit to vb. 
 to plaster wall; li tyam s. series of houses? 
 K tok s. story of h.; li dan s. length of 
 h.; U dum-pu s. post of h.; li de yon s. 
 a sitting-room ; li dok-bo s. a house-owner 
 M. 99.; li pd-lik s. the compound, the 
 yard- enclosure round house; li pd-hldn 
 s. the ceiling; li pd-sdk s. partition in 
 house, li pdk i. q. li bo s. a private 
 appartment; U piin-hap or li tun-hap s. 
 the underpart of raised house; li pim-tdp 
 s. props in a house; li pUn-hrop s. a 
 shelf over fire for drying things; li pur- 
 vun s. side-spars of roofing; li pern do s. 
 the projecting part of roof, the eaves 
 i. q. som; li bdn s. the foundation of 
 house, li ban jen to commence to make 
 foundation; li bar a capacious house; 
 li bo a private appartment of house; li 
 byek Mm s. a street; li brom, li bron or 
 li kyon, s. a village, a town; li myet s. 
 batons of house, li mlem s. face or side 
 of house, li mlem, fd-li the four sides of 
 house; li lap s. carpets; ' li Ut s. the 
 centre of house; li lyu s. the fashion or 
 description of house; li wyen s. a street- 
 door; li liryam s. the commencement of 
 building house; li sd-gdn or li tAn-gon s. 
 the interior of house; li-sd p6h non vb. 
 to desert one's home; li sd-lyan a. the 
 space at the end or sides of sloping roof; 
 li-sd a-bo s. the head of family or house; 
 
Ii'-lik 
 
 (lik 2)— lin 
 
 349 
 
 U-sd a-dm s. the pleasures or comfort of 
 home; Zi^wTW-cZa^ cross-beams; Usum-hyel 
 s. side of roof; li sum-yu s. rafters of h.; 
 li sum s. an iinderflooring of bamboo; 
 li sovi s. the eaves of house. 
 
 If 4., If-m vb. to be ripe (as Indian 
 corn etc.), favi-pot Urn dydt the fruit is 
 getting ripe; kun-ka pot li there is fruit 
 on the tree. 
 
 li, a-li s. seed; produce, hik li s. a cow 
 for breeding from good seed. 
 
 t'am-li s. 1. seed, 2. the subject of 
 speach. 
 
 a-lim adj. full ripe (said of Indian corn, 
 plantains and a few of other vegetables). 
 
 If 5, if-m vb. to be heavy, dyen-nd lim 
 sot the child is crushed to death. — a- 
 livi adj. heavy. 
 
 If 6. vb. to be affected with, pydm-ld 
 li to be affected with giddiness; — to 
 find fault with, to be angry with, hii-nun 
 kd-svm li-so he will speak to me or find 
 fault or be angry with me. 
 
 *lf 7. T. sli ace. M. the apple (ace. Wtt. 
 Pyrus pashia (Pyrus nepalensis) li-kuti 
 Pyrus indica, Cydonia indica); li pot s. 
 an apple; li ciik s. the pip, the core, 
 li pi s. the skin of apple; li pi pydk vb. 
 to skin apple. 
 
 If 8. vb. to attack, to proceed, see 
 under sd-tsHk, to have efficacy, might, 
 potency; see tso li, to taste see fa fa, to 
 become. — in comp. "means" klon li 
 means of sending, for li means of es- 
 caping. — li-ld byi vb. to give liberally. 
 — a-li s. the mark of anything (as a 
 footstep, a crease in cloth etc. a-dydn li 
 the print of foot. 
 
 If 9, a-lf adj. tame, fostered, as animals. 
 
 *lf 10. T. li (bell-metal) s. a white 
 composite metal, German silver, *li fu 
 s. a spoon of that metal. T. li fur. 
 
 If see piit-li; td-li; hap-li 
 
 *li-Si s. T. li-si the cloves, li-si rip s. 
 the Fuchsia. 
 
 lik 1. vb. imp. lik-kd, Kk-kd-o (2ni p.) 
 1. to -call, M-yum lik kon let them all 
 call; lik-hvn-sd-ld immediately on calling; 
 
 lik det}VLsi about calling; lik-pu may per- 
 haps be calling, lik-n&n 1. vocatus 2. pro- 
 fectus, ut vocaret; lik tydr vb. to call a- 
 laudj lik fyo tet-ka within hearing of call; 
 
 — to mew, to bark, used for the voice 
 of most animals; 2. to invite, to summon. 
 
 — a-lik s. a calling out, an invitation. 
 (lik 2) pa-lik s. a cleared spot of ground, 
 
 U pd-lik the cleared ground outside of 
 house, also in s. of outside of house, pd- 
 lik sat or zuk vb. t. to clear a spot of 
 ground, in threats: as go a-dom pd-lik- 
 ka tsUm-so ndk-kd-o I shall meet you out- 
 side, look to it, I shall give you a 
 thrashing, pd-lik-ka so-rin an kon warm 
 yourself outside in the sunshine, you 
 should not come near the fire. 
 
 lik 3. a spec, of trap, lik sak vb. to 
 catch birds with noose, lik vyan s. a 
 riinning-noose, a slip-knot, lik vyan-ha 
 non to be caught in ditto; lik vyan flydt 
 (noose) to slip (so as to tighten); lik 
 vyan flydt-hhi 6t ndn to slip and come 
 undone. 
 
 lik 4. a certain plant lik pot M. 
 
 lin 1. vb. n. to be abundant, to be 
 superfluous, adv. and fow-?a adv. altogether, 
 completely, entirely; superabundantly, 
 lih-ld ddk vb. to be completely ill; tin- 
 Id byi vb. to give all at one time. — 
 liil lyan myon said when one lives in a 
 place eating and drinking and forgets his 
 own house M. — lin-nd lin-nd open, un- 
 covered (ground); sUn-lin firmly. 
 
 lin 2. 1. s. slope, hillside, lin tarn "a 
 mixture of slope and level" n. pr. of a 
 locality in Sikhim W. 72; — vb. to be 
 out of the perpendicular, to incline, to 
 have leaning towards; — 2. met. to be 
 inclined Id-yo-ka lin to be inclined to 
 sin; — 3. to be partial, unfair, to favour, 
 sem-ba to kon md-lin-nun when judging 
 favour neither side, pum-fin lyan sem-ba 
 lin sdn md-nyin-ne where God judges, 
 there will be no partiality; — lin-ld adv. 
 slopingly, inclinedly; partially, unfairly, 
 favonringly; — lan-nd lin-nd shaking or 
 moving side to side as anything rickety. 
 
350 
 
 lin— lip 
 
 Ifm— *luk 
 
 an-td lan-nd lin-nd mat the boards move 
 as from being unevenly placed. — lin- 
 Idt s. inclination, bias. — lun-lin-bo old 
 and worn out, expletive to kd-gul-bo. 
 
 lih 3, a-lin: tuk-lin or tun-lin "connection 
 with head" s. neck, cervical vertebra. 
 (lin 4.) ta-lin s. 1. a pestle, td-lin tuk- 
 tsak s. a pestle, td-lia-sd tau vb. to pound 
 with pestle. 2. a spec, of nvm-dak. 3. see 
 td-dii s. dn. 
 
 lin cf kyat or ci liii cf kyat ace. M. a 
 superior sort of ci. 
 
 lih pa-no n. pr. of an ancient king sent 
 by rum to subdue the evil spirits M. 
 
 lin-mo Id -mo da n. pr. two lakes near 
 kd/l-cen, "brother and sister-lakes". 
 
 lit 1. a-ka lit s. the fourth finger, the 
 fourth toe. 
 
 lit 2. vb. n. to be hard; — a-Ut adj. hard. 
 lit 3. vb. t. to peel, to sift, to separate 
 as grain, — a-lit s. sifting as of corn. 
 lit 4. vb. n. to overflow, vb. t. to spit 
 out, to spue out, to come out of mouth, 
 a-bon-nun lit dydn nyon to cast out of 
 mouth; a-bon fdm Ut-lun byi to feed an- 
 other with the food from one's own mouth 
 (done by great friends); — to be super- 
 abundant. — 2. to be red or inflamed 
 as eyes, mdn lit supernatural dream. 
 
 Ift 5. a-Ut s. the beginning to do bad 
 actions, the commencement of sin, the 
 commencement of anything. 
 
 Ift 6. a-lft s. sproat . of leaf, of flowers, 
 the heart of fruits, rip lit s. the stamen 
 of flower. 
 
 lit see nun-ydn. 
 lin see It. 1. 
 
 lin 1. vb. n. to grow as trees, plants 
 (not animals), to spring up ; to sproat (as 
 hair, horn), lin hro/i id. 
 
 lin 2. s. retaliation, ri/i lin cik vb. to 
 retort, sot lin cik vb. to kill in return 
 or revenge. 
 
 Ifp vb. t. to slice, to cut in slices, as 
 meat, cucumber. 
 
 lip vb. n. to be superficial, to be bad, 
 lip-Id zuk vb. to do work badly. — lip- 
 Idt s. the surface. 
 
 Iim see U. 
 
 lim for lyim, lyiivi. 
 
 Ifm 1, a-lfm also sd-lim and sun-lim s. 
 the spleen, lim nyim-bo having diseased 
 spleen, lim nyovi s. a leaf applied as a 
 cure for the spleen. Urn hat the spleen 
 enlarges, lim rik s. a creeper, said to be 
 good for spleen; livi Idn-non (the spleen) 
 to become indurated; lim luk s. cholic; 
 lim sup s. swelling of spleen. 
 
 Ifm 2. vb. n. to flame up, as fire mi 
 lim din or mi lim hron; — fdt lim earth 
 dug up and left lying. — a-lim adj. red, 
 s. flame, fire; — td-lim or td-lyvm s. 1. 
 the confined glowing air as above fire, 
 mi td-lim or mi un td-lyiim s. the fumes 
 that rise from water-mirage, fdt td-lyiim 
 s. the vapour rising from earth; — re- 
 flection of fire; — 2. an ulceration, td- 
 hjiim hyum di vb. to fester; the measles; 
 — pd-lim, pd-lyum i. q. td-lim, td-lymh 
 niim-bi pd-lyiim i. q. nitm-bi td-lyiim a 
 spec, of Conops. See ki-lim. 
 
 a-lim s. the sting of any insect as 
 wasp etc.) a-lim dek ydt the sting is 
 left in the wound, a-lim tsom nan the 
 sting is not extracted, said when the 
 sting cannot be extracted; a-lim-sd tset 
 vb. to sting, a-lim ak dydn vb. to extract 
 sting. 
 
 (Ifm 3.) a-lfm what isratherunintelligible, 
 or indescribable. 
 
 Ifm-bo adj. good (ear of corn). SeeZ2'4. 
 
 -lii postp. affixed expresses the manner 
 or mode of preceding word, da-lii s. mode 
 of lying, nan-la mode of sitting, mat-lu 
 s. mode of making, habit, custom, lin- 
 M mode of speaking, go hii-sd lik-lH fyak 
 I recognised his voice, M. Gr. 96. 
 
 luk- 1. reduplication of lok, lyop, 2. 
 prefix forming nouns, see Id-, li/n-. 
 
 *luk 1. T. lug s. a sheep; the name 
 of 8 th cycle of year liik-nam; liik mak 
 mat vb. to die a sheep's death i. e. 
 patiently, I. m. m. md-KHn-ne I cannot d. 
 a sh. d.; lUk hip vb. to shear sheep. 
 
 Comp, Ivk klip s. a lamb; Uyi ink the 
 "dogtailed" sheep, the sh. of the plains; 
 
luk — luk-blo 
 
 luk-ma — luh 
 
 351 
 
 luk gu s. an old ewe ; luk ndk-bo i. q. /. 
 bro-bo s.; luk dok s. a sheep-owner; Uik 
 dop s. a flock of sheep; luk pap tom-bo 
 s. a wether; liik byo s. a fold; luk bro- 
 bo s. a shepherd, luk man s. mutton; liik 
 myel s. wool; luk mot s. an ewe; liik tsii 
 s. a ram; liik lyen a yomig sheep, which 
 has not had young. 
 
 luk 2. vb. to play false, to deceive; 
 ka do nil ka-do md-liik-kiin-o do not de- 
 ceive your own friends or companions; 
 rin cet mat-ba kat-tun kat-ka liik to de- 
 ceive another in an engagement or 
 appointment; to entice, to seduce, zo-sa 
 hik liik vb. to entice a fowl with grain. 
 tsam ink vb. to coax. 
 
 a-Mk s. deceit, a-luk rin li vb. to 
 speak deceitful words; a-luk ay ok mat vb. 
 to act deceitfully; liik hip s. deceit, I. h. 
 zo to live on d., I. h.-sd pim-dor s. un- 
 real treasure. 
 
 (luk), pa-luk, nyen pd-luk i. q. yii^n. s. 
 the clot adhering to vessels in which millc 
 has been kept. 
 
 luk: liik-sd mi s. n. pr. of evil spirit of 
 dysentery. See lii-k-via. 
 
 liik: so luk bam vb. to cause to rain, 
 to pour. 
 
 *luk T. lag see on go lick. 
 
 luk-kom i. q. Id-k&m q. v. 
 
 luk-kyo fo or luk-kyo mun s. a spec, of 
 owl, Ketupa flavipes M. ace. W. "the 
 "kyo" calling devil" K. 205. 
 
 iuk-cet i. q. tuk-cet s. n. pr. of a spec, 
 of Arum. 
 
 luk-nyu, un lOk-nyii s. a water-rat M. 
 luk-nyii muk s. a plant, I. ny. ndk (Jiyir) 
 a black (red) dye. 
 
 luk-tuk s. Arum maculatum. 
 
 luk-du s. a good-for-nothing sort of 
 fellow, a lazy drone, who only thinks of 
 eating and sleeping liik-dii md-ro. 
 
 luk-ndn and lun-ndn or liik-ndn boh s. a 
 spec, of eagle, Neopus malayensis M. 
 Je 65 and Nisaetus fasciatus R. 204. 
 
 luk-pak ta-luk s. the edible frog, Rana 
 liebigii R. 199. 
 
 luk-blo i. q. tuk-blo s. wild plantain M. 
 
 Hooker 1. |143; — luk-blo td-luk s. a 
 spec, of frogs. 
 
 luk-ma s. dysentery, lUk-ma muii s. i. q. 
 Juk-sd mi; liik-ma ddr or luk dii pld or 
 liik-ma muh zdk vb. to have dysentery. 
 
 luk-miii or luh-mih s. 1. bulrushes, reed 
 Ex. — 2. expletive to sUk-dum, tu/l-dar 
 M. Gr. 136 f. 
 
 luk-myen s. the price paid for a wife, 
 luk-myen elk vb. to pay price for wife, 
 see a-sek. 
 
 luk-tsdk s. a spec, of frog. 
 
 luk-zdk explet. of tuk-blo. 
 
 luk-lik-fo s. rufous capped hill-warbler, 
 Horeites brunneifrons M. Je. 2, 163. 
 
 luk-sdm s. a thar of the Lepcha-people 
 see under cok, H. H. Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 luk-SIp s. a spec, of fern i. q. rHk-sip 
 Adiantum capillus veneris. 
 
 luk-'ayeii 1. adj. fetid, 2. a spec, of 
 frog, also a spec, bear sd-na luk dyeii. 
 
 luii- 1. reduplic. of hjeii, lin, hlyaii 2. 
 prefix, i. q. liik- q. v. 3. i. q. Idil in comp. 
 luh-cak s. a sill; luh-cak fo s. name of 
 bird; luh-cak fo or bu stone for grinding 
 on sill, a muller; lHh-jek s. a whetstone; 
 luh-sum or tok s. a mill, liih-s. (i.) bii 
 the upper mill-stone; hhl-s. (i.) mot the 
 lower m.-st.; Mh-s. (t.) ?idk \h. to grind; 
 luh-s. (<.) tyii the pivot on which the upper 
 stone turns; liih-sum (or tdk) tsam set 
 the handle of handmill; Mh-s. (t) vuh 
 to turn mill. 
 
 -luii postp. forms the conjunctive par- 
 ticiple e. c. hu-niin rih lot-liih li he an- 
 swering said; b.-niin a-kup co-lUn dy.-ka 
 td-gri hip hat gyek byi B. conceived and 
 bare J. a son G. ; ar-ren noh-luh pdt-lyaii 
 sam-ya yom-bo-ka fi-non-ne-yam-o then 
 Padmasambhava going further arrived 
 at a locality in Tibet called Sam-ye. 
 niim-sim-nyo z&h sot-lHh a-mdn nd fa 
 md-cok-ne what is the use of killing a 
 man, you cannot eat his flesh. 
 
 lun vb. to spill, to pour as water, rice, 
 liih non to be spilt, /«« da-bo that which 
 lies spilt, liih nyon or liih dydn nyon to 
 pour and throw out, as water, rice; fdt- 
 
352 
 
 luii-ji — lut 
 
 lut 
 
 ka lull dydn (he) spilled it to the 
 ground G. 
 
 lun-ji s. II. of an evil spirit, lun-ji mit 
 the female of lun-ji, lun-ji zdk vb. to 
 suffer under influence of liin-ji: in cutting 
 a field etc. if the person be unfortunate 
 enough to wound or hurt lun-ji, he 
 suffers similiarly. See da 4. — luii-ji muk 
 s. aconite. 
 
 Iun-j6n, ki l.-j. s. the fringe of unwoven 
 cloth. 
 
 lun-tan, Um-tan pd-lit s. a flute. 
 
 lun-tek s. the commencement, luil-tek- 
 ka in the beginning. See tek 6. 
 
 liih-tdn, sd-hu lim-ton s. a spec, of 
 monkey. 
 
 lun-dun s. a Lepcha-tribe, see under cok. 
 
 luii-ndn (fat) s. a morass, black earth. 
 
 luii-bii (see hlom-bu) s. 1. the commence- 
 ment, the opening out; an epoch. 2. a 
 cock Tbr. — lun-bu nyot s. a field when 
 first cleared of jungle, before it has been 
 sown upon. 
 
 liin-bdh s. n. of large spec, of bear, sd- 
 na lun-hon. 
 
 lun-yuk s. writing and reading M. 
 
 lun-ydn, luii-yaii, liih-'aydn explet. for piin- 
 dor (jewels, treasures). 
 
 luii-lut s. soap M. 
 
 lun-hlet, lun-hlyet see Met. 
 
 lut 1. vb. t. to liberate, to save, to ran- 
 som, lut-to vb. to redeem, kum-dun-rem 
 td-do sak-sd lut-fo to redeem another 
 with one's own life; a-bo soklut-ka a-kup- 
 nun sok byi the child gave his life in 
 ransom for his father's. 2. s. an image 
 of dough made by mun ryak-bo, lilt zuk- 
 Lun mun-rem ryak having made the liit 
 to drive out evil spirit; — 3. vb. t. to 
 aid or take the part of another. 
 
 lut 2. 8. manure, Ut tap vb. to manure, 
 md-ro lut a vile person, see 'py6k 2. 
 
 lut 3., a-lut s. 1. the heart, physically 
 T. snyin-po, a-lut fok tbk mat tyu, bam 
 (the heart) to palpitate violently. — the 
 middle, the centre; the product, the best, 
 nyen-sd a-lut ghee or butter. — un-sd 
 a-lut salt. — ki liit cotton in Seed. — 
 
 nydt-sd a-liit the produce of cultivation. 
 — nor-sd a-liit a rarity. ■ — the state of 
 atmosphere td-lyan liit. — 2. the. heart 
 intellectually, the mind, understanding, 
 knowledge, a-lut sd-goH-ka bi there is 
 deceit in you; — a-lut-ka kot vb. to be 
 satisfied, to have had sufficient. — a-lut- 
 ka gov vb. to receive into the heart (as 
 truth). — a-liit-ka tap tet. md-nyin-ne 
 not to be well acquainted with. — a-liit- 
 ka myel bam-bo a person matured in 
 knowledge ; a-liit-ka mdn tHk bam to repeat 
 from memory; a-lut-ka md-di-ne to be 
 dissatisfied; a-Mt-ka zun bam to know 
 by heart; a-liit-ka rik-po md-nyin-ne not 
 to have good understanding; a-liit-ka lat 
 vb. to come to mind, a-liit-ka md-lat-ne 
 to escape the memory; a-liit-ka so-rin lat 
 to be enlightened; a-lut-ka lyo vb. to 
 comprehend, a-liit-ka lyo lei to receive 
 into the heart; a-liit-ka vdn to enter the 
 heart, a-liit-ka vydn to receive into the 
 heart; a-lvt-ka a-blydn to be well informed 
 or instructed; a-Mt kl6-ld cin vb. to have 
 but few ideas; a-lHt-tiin ydy\>. to know 
 by intuition; a-iat du ndk vb. to examine 
 a person, to judge, of his capacity; a-lut 
 tyak vb. to know the character of a 
 person; a-lut-niin ma-foA-we inconceivable; 
 a-iat lydk yd to be quick, ingenuous, liit 
 lydk-nyim-bo a contriving person; a-Ut 
 lydk-ydm-bo a genius; a-liit lydk-md-yd- 
 bam-bo a plodding person; a-liit a-gun 
 without understanding; a-Mt a-hir ot-bo 
 one who gives good advice; a-liit on non- 
 ne to become stupid or slow of under- 
 standing; a-iat on bam to be dumb thro' 
 fear. — calculation, wish, thought, a- 
 lUt-ka cin md-td-ne not~ able to bear the 
 thought; a-lat-ka din bH bam to suppress 
 one's feelings; a-lHt-tiin bon to expect 
 with confidence, to calculate upon; a-lut- 
 tiin nan to expect with confidence, to 
 calculate upon, a-lut-tUn nan yah mA-li- 
 ne though he confidently expected to 
 arrive, he did not; a-lHt-tiin vyik vb. to 
 be harassed by heart; a-lut-tun on vb. 
 to be carried away by evil passions;, a- 
 
lut 
 
 lut 
 
 353 
 
 lilt tap vb. to sound a person; a-Lut-tun 
 md-fop-ne uot to obtain one's desires; 
 a-lut dok-bo unanimous, of one mind, 
 a-lut md-dok-nuTn-bo of a different mind, 
 differing in opinion; a-lii-t bi md-cin-ne 
 a contented h. — a-lut lyop-non to 
 wonder, to admire. — a-lut-sd gat-tun 
 ydn the desires of the heart; a-lut-sd 
 ts'dt re a-mlem-nun diin or -nun pld the 
 countenance reflects the state of the heart; 
 a-liit sd-re nyi-nun-nd li vb. to speak out 
 one's mind; a-lut-sd sak-cin a-tsur-sd a- 
 li gum the thoughts of the heart are the 
 springs of glory; — consideration, 
 contemplation, reflection; care, 
 a-lut -ka gom bam vb. to be in con- 
 templation; a-lut-ka nan-fen-ld mat vb. 
 to be careful; a-lut-ka ndn to be im- 
 pressed with any subject; a-lut-ka mydn 
 vb. to take a matter into consideration, 
 to reflect over a matter; a-liit-ka rin vb. 
 to reflect; a-lut-ka md-riil-ne not to re- 
 flect; a-lut-ka var-rd var cin vb. to re- 
 volve a matter in one's mind, a-lut-tmi 
 sak-cin vb. to consider with all the heart; 
 a-lut kor vb. to revolve in the mind; 
 a-Mt hldt mat vb. to consider. — 
 courage, steadfastness of mind, bold 
 character, energy a-lut-ka nyei- t'lk mat 
 vb. to be persevering; a-lut-ka md-t'o-ne 
 mat li vb. to speak without reserve; a- 
 lut-ka yil-miik to be broken-hearted; a- 
 liit-ka a-g6 kd-ce-nd un su-nitn go gdn go 
 to be self-conceited; a-liit kam yon-ndn- 
 ne to be comforted; a-lii.tgdt-boz.Ai. im- 
 petuous; a-liit tdm-bo adj. venturesome, 
 intrepid; a-Mt ti-non vb. to take courage: 
 to have heart expanded (with joy etc.), 
 a-li(t a-tim-bo adj. magnanimous, brave; 
 a-Mt tun-bo a heart firm or enduring; 
 a-lut-tvn tdn vb. to be confident of, to 
 expect with confidence; a-Mt-tun si tdn- 
 li'iii li vb. to speak resolutely, a-liit torn 
 bam vb. to be steadfast; a-Mt tdm-bo a 
 brave heart; a-Mt fok bam that on which 
 dependence is placed; a-Mt din-ydm-bo 
 giving one's self airs; a-Mt diii ti-bo s. a 
 grave person; a i)erson having strength 
 
 of character; a-Mt dot-Mn li vb. to speak 
 without reserve; a-Kit Idn zdn intrepid, 
 fearless, a-Mt sup nan-re zdn li vb. to 
 feel the heart swell (as from honest 
 pride); a-Mt an-din to be ambitious; 
 a-Mt a-cum-bo cowardly, pusillanimous; 
 a-liit-ka a-hrdt nyi-ld mat vb. to become 
 persevering; a-Mt-ka a-hrdt fik vb. to be 
 persevering; a-Mt-ka a-hrdt-nyim-bo s. a 
 persevering person; a-Mt-ka a-hryum 
 nyim-bo to be jealous at heart; a-Mt 6t- 
 lUn li vb. to speak without reserve; 
 appetite, a-Mt va va li vb. to be very 
 hungry; — pain, grief, restlessness etc., 
 a-liit-ka kan vb. to be flurried; a-Mt-ka 
 cet-re zdn to have heart-burning; a-liit- 
 ka tuk-bam-bo lut vb. to give great pain; 
 a-Mt-ka mi dup-ld zdn nyon vb. to be 
 greatly afflicted; a-Mt-ka zdk vb. to be 
 grieved ; a-Mt-ka hrdn sut vb. to have the 
 heart ready to break; a-Mt-ka su kri-re 
 zdn nyon vb. to feel a burning bitter 
 pain from bile and acidity; a-liit-ka so 
 son vb. to be relieved from anxiety; 
 a-liit-ka sdl-ld mol-ld li vb. to be in a 
 state of mental nervousness; a-Mt-ka a- 
 gun gum vb. to feel the heart empty, to 
 be disconsolate; a-Mt kyan vb. to be 
 much grieved, litly.: to have heart frozen, 
 a-Mt kim-kyan fd-vi-ld to be very sorrow- 
 ful; a-Mt krdt-ld zdn dak s. a pain in 
 the heart; a-Mt gyap-bo adj. fickle, change- 
 able; a-Mt nydt mat vb. to be undecided, 
 wavering; a-Mt tyii.m. bam s. the pal- 
 pitation of heart; a-Mt dek vb. to break 
 the heart, a-Mt dek-re zo/l nyon to feel 
 as if the heart would break; a-liit fli vb. 
 to become alienated; a-Mt bu vb. to 
 have heart burst from grief, a-Mt bu xi 
 zuii nyon; a-Mt bu-lUn mak said of a 
 person who falls down in a precipice and 
 dies; a-Mt mak-non to be very sorrowful, 
 to lose courage thro' the influence of 
 evil spirit; a-Mt mun-nun vyik vb. to be 
 tempted by evil spirits; a-Mt rat ndn to 
 be disturbed in mind, distressed; a-liit 
 lydii a shallow mind, a mind weak or 
 apt to be stai'tled, timid; a-liit hral-ld 
 
 23 
 
354 
 
 lut 
 
 -liin— *lum-bur 
 
 hrol nun vb. to become unsettled; a-liit 
 lirdn non to be deeply affected; a-liit van 
 to be put out of spirits and temper; — 
 a-lut-ka sak-ddk to be unhappy, a-lut 
 sak-ddk sop-Id n&fi grief subsides; a-lut 
 sain fd-li-ld cin vb. to be fickle, a-lut 
 sol-la mol-ho a fickle person; a-liit un z6n 
 deeply afPected; — remembrance, con- 
 science, malice, a-lut-ka nyin zdn bii 
 ham vb. to bear malice; a-lut-ka bi a-jen 
 nyi to have a bad conscience; a-lut-ka 
 hi a-ryum nyi to have a good conscience; 
 a-lut-ka md-bUn-ne 1. not to remember, 
 2. not to resent; a-lHt-ka yUk pi bii vb. 
 to be engraven on the heart, a-lHt-ka mi 
 min-sd pi bii bam it is engraven on the 
 heart in letters of fire; a-liit go/i bii bam 
 to bear malice; confidence a-liit lo tat 
 vb. to have c. in; — a good (bad) heart, 
 pity, patience; love, a-lut-ka gd non 
 to be delighted; a-lut-ka nyen s. a tender, 
 gentle h. a-liit-ka nydn (the heart) to be 
 touched; a-Wt-ka di vb. to be pleased, 
 satisfied; a-liit-ka md-san-ne to be im- 
 patient; a-iat-ka tsdt-re zda li vb, to touch 
 or prick the h., a-liit-ka tsiityh. to please; 
 a-Mt-ka von vb. to be pleased with; a- 
 lat krep vb. to be stingy, close; a-liit glo 
 non vb. to side with, to participate; a- 
 lut nyet vb. to show the h., a-lixt td-lyan 
 dak vb. to be nobleminded, magnanimous; 
 a-liit tin-Kdk to be malicious, a-lHt-tiin 
 a-gdk cin a^bon-nUn a-ryum li a bad heart 
 but fair speach; a-Mt fik-non to become 
 attached to; a-lii.t dot ho vb. to give an- 
 xious consideration, love etc.; a-Kt don 
 vb. to search the h.; a-Mt niim-bo a mild, 
 gentle h.; a-liit md-nyin-nHm-bo being of 
 mean abilities, a-lut md-rik-nd md-go-ne 
 it is not that I do not like you; a-h)i 
 zet-ld li vb. to be tranquil; a-liit rU vb. 
 to become cold towards, to be alienated 
 from; a-Mt hydn vb. to be in love with: 
 fd-lyen-niin niim-lyen-ka a-Mt hydn; a-Mt- 
 sd Uyet md-nyin-ne very dear; a-liit-sd a- 
 lydn zdn a real friend; a-liit sak-cin gydm 
 mat cin vb. to reflect quietly; a-liit al a 
 tender heart, a-Mt a-jen a bad h., a-Mt 
 
 a-dum a good h., a-Mt a-dum mat to be- 
 come good; a-M,t a-nok a bad h., a-liit 
 a-nan an upright h., a-M,t-ka a-ser bUn- 
 bo a depraved h., — good conduct, 
 modesty, a-Mt a-cum mat to speak 
 modestly of one's own attainments, one's 
 self, a-Mt a-cum bo to humble one's self; 
 a-Mt tyU vb. to keep the heart in dis- 
 cipline; a-Mt tdn vb. to abandon one's 
 self to evil passions: a-Mt t'dn de lydt; 
 a-Mt nan vb. to conquer one's self, hii-do 
 Mt-ka li-ld tydn (she) laughed within 
 herself saying G. 
 
 -liin see -iin and -niin e. c. md-gal-lun 
 i. q. md-gal-nun do not break. 
 
 *lun T. klan vb. to reprove, to reproach, 
 to reprimand, Mn c6k fit to be reprimand- 
 ed. — a-Mn adj. reproachful, a-Mn rin 
 li vb. to reproach, to reprimand, a-liin 
 to vb. to cease reproaching, a-Mn zdk 
 vb. to be reproached, a-Mn zdk lyan an 
 object worthy of reproach. 
 
 lup- reduplication of lyop, lyap q. q. v. 
 
 (lup) tuk-lup s. posteriors Tbr., pdk-liip 
 i. q. pdk q. v. 
 
 lum- reduplication of lam: Mm-md 
 lam-md. 
 
 lum-nyak or lum-nyek expletive to Ivm- 
 ddn. 
 
 lum-nyen muk s. a shrub. 
 
 lum to i. q. ts'o-di. 
 
 lum ton see 16m ton. Mm-ton Mm-ba 
 expletives to sd-nom. 
 
 lum ffn (for li fin) s. the master or 
 head of house or family. 
 
 lum-daii (Chinese) s. 1. camel G. 2. n. 
 of an evil spirit (gigantic) Mvi-ddn mun; 
 Mm dan hik s. turkey ; — Mm ddn pun- 
 tyon s. an adjutant; — M.m dan on s. a 
 camel; — Mm dan pd-tyii s. a spec, of 
 Bombycidae, Bombyx major. 
 
 lum pak s. a spec, of large frog. 
 
 lum-ba explet.: sd-nom sd-du Mm-toii 
 Mm-ba the milky-way. 
 
 lum-bo s. a spec, of ant. 
 
 lum-bu i. q. lum-son s. a cock Tbr. 
 hik ba. 
 
 *lum-bur T. rlom 'bur s. arrogance, 
 
lum s6n — luk 
 
 luk— *lun 
 
 355 
 
 haughtiness, liim bur-nun in L. thro' 
 one's own intellect, lum bur-nun yd vb. 
 to find out for one's self. 
 
 lum sdn s. a cock Tbr. See son. 
 *lu 1. T. klu Skt. ndga s. serpent- 
 demon, demigod of Bon-and Buddhistic 
 mythology, see sap ddk, T. sa-bdag, Skt. 
 f^fti^f??, an evil spirit, lu lyan s. the 
 place of lu under the earth, Skt. ndga- 
 loka in opp. to rum-lyan and nuvi-sim- 
 nyo lyan. — lu bum s. an altar raised to 
 lu. — lu byo s. a (white) fowl, dedicated 
 to /m, which is not killed, but fed and 
 allowed to live its natural life ; — lu zdk 
 vb. to suffer under the evil influence of 
 lu (the body breaks out into sores); — 
 lu zuk vb. to propitiate lu. — lu kun s. 
 the spec. Cactaceae, T. klu sin "the Naga- 
 tree". — lu rip s. a spec, of reed, Equi- 
 setaceae, pd-no lu rip s. Equisetum 
 fluviatile. 
 
 lu 2, lu-n vb. n. and t. (see luk) to 
 rise; to cause to rise, lu hryon vb. to 
 raise up (as person), gri lu vb. to raise 
 au edifice, ci lu vb. ci to rise to ferment, 
 sUm-yii lu vb. to raise rafter, lu nyen to 
 vb. to set up as on pedestal, a-bryan lu 
 vb. to exalt name or title; tan-ko nid-lu- 
 ne I have no appetite; a-bdn-nitn lu-Mn 
 proceeding from the commencement; rih 
 lu U vb. to raise a question; a-j6k lu vb. 
 to raise a dispute; — lun-smn-bo see 
 pUn-ddn. — kd-yu man lu s. a hunting- 
 dog, a setter. — 
 
 lun vb. n. to break out, to rise, brut 
 lun eruption to break out, rise. — 
 
 lum vb. t. to raise up, lumtyol mat vb, to 
 assist, to raise, vb. n. to be more, to be 
 the majority, to be in excess; a-pin a- 
 bon md-lum-ne 1. not to exceed on either 
 side 2. to be impartial. — a-lum most, 
 more, excess, majority M. 77. especially, 
 probable, a-lum pu most especially, most 
 probable, a-lum Him ya it is especially 
 nice. 
 
 luk 1. morning, sunrise; to-morrow; 
 luk-kd early to-mori'ow, go luk-kd nol luk- 
 so I will rise from bed early to-morrow 
 
 morning; luk-kd nyim pyit to-morrow 
 noon; luk-kd da to-morrow morning; luk- 
 kd nap-mo-nun to morrow evening; luk- 
 kdl to-morrow morning; also the morning, 
 as ca luk-kdl this morning, kat tsd/'i luk 
 kdl the morning after to-morrow, dyo 
 tson luk-kdl the morning before yesterday, 
 td-so luk-kdl yesterday morning; luk-kdl 
 nap early in the morning before day- 
 break; luk-kdl zom s. the morning-meal, 
 breakfast; luk kat-tyin sometimes, erelong; 
 luk nap day and night; continually. — 
 s. a portion, a share, zo luk rit vb. to 
 portion out rice. 
 
 luk 2. {mi) luk-re s. a register of the 
 people, a census and division of the 
 people in their respective districts, luk- 
 re kyop vb. to take the luk-re; see also 
 lok. — a-luk s. a family, li-sd a-luk. 
 
 luk 3. (i. q. 1 ?) vb. to rise, to rise up, 
 to get up, see also lu; no luk fish to rise; 
 leu luk bread to rise; di) luk fever to 
 rise; a- far gon luk the price to rise; mii 
 luk to be lustful; — luk nan vb. to rise, 
 as snake etc., — lot luk vb. t. to renew, 
 rin lot luk vb. to renew dispute; zihn 
 hik-ld mat vb. sick man to rise from 
 sickness, to recover; — to be superior, 
 go-len ho md-luk-ne you are not superior 
 to me, I am equal with you; — to be 
 held as a market go-l6 luk vb. to hold 
 a fair, go-l6 luk-lyan the place of holding 
 it, go-lo luk tu-tsdt s. the time of holding 
 it. _ vb. t. to take out, to exhumate, 
 to disenter, buk luk vb. to take potatoes 
 from pit; a-ftm lukvh. to disenter body; 
 — luk kon vb. cans, to awake, to rouse. 
 
 lun 1. s. a handle see tdk-tsu; — a-luii 
 s. 1. the eye of hoe or axe etc. into 
 which the handle is put, in machinery 
 the space within which any other iron 
 rests; 2. credit (of money), a loan (not 
 of money). 
 
 *lun 2 T. rlun s. wind, lun Ivr s. wind- 
 mill; *lun-ta T. rlun-rta s. a flag "the 
 airy horse" (not corr., should be klun-rta 
 J. Buddh. Text. Soc. II, 1, 17.) *lun-ta kun 
 s. a flagstaff; lun-ta dum s. the flag cloth; 
 
356 
 
 *luri — *le 
 
 Me— let! 
 
 lun-ta fijaii or lun-ta tsdk vl). to plant 
 flag; lun-ta ful vb. to furl flag; lun-ta 
 fot vb. to unfurl flag; lun-ta lu t'o vb. to 
 erect flag; lun-ta dum san-lun Jirya to 
 hoist flag; lun-ta Mm py&r to fly in the 
 wind. 
 
 *lun 3. T. lun s. knowledge, instruction, 
 doctrine; mystery, lun fot vb. to reveal 
 mystery; *lun ten T. lun ston{-pa) s. re- 
 velation, prophecy, lun ten-nun rin tyo- 
 Id yu the tradition is handed down by 
 revelation. 
 
 lun 4 s. giddiness thro' weakness or 
 the weakness, that ensues from not taking 
 an accustomed stimulant, lun luk vb. to 
 be giddy from weakness; lun di vb. to 
 be attached with weak giddiness. 
 
 lufi-kut s. kom lun-kiit silverwire. 
 
 lut vb. t. to uncover, to strip off, as 
 skin, bark, thatch, to turn over as leaf 
 of book, fyu lut vb. to uncover pot; 
 dum lut vb. to strip off clothes (as off 
 horse), a-fun lut vb. to strip off skin, 
 li cap lut vb. to unroof house. — kd-lut 
 adj. bare or bald as head a-fyak kd-lut 
 head without tail; uninhabited as country, 
 or as king without subjects, naked, 
 without. 
 
 lun see under lu. 
 
 lum s. 1. the south, lum kon the southern 
 direction, the people of India Tbr.; mik 
 hoi'i; lum lya?i Iiadia; gor-M6 lum s. the 
 Nepal hill-tribe, the Gorkha; tin lum s. 
 the natives of the plains; tsoii lum s. the 
 Limbu's, lum tsoh rin mat-lun li vb. to 
 speak without reserve. 
 
 lum 2. see under lu. 
 
 lum ddt s. inward vanity as opp. to a- 
 Idn outward v. M. 
 
 -le postp. forms precative, un kam lyo- 
 lui'i a-yu ton con-Mn kun sd-gram-ka tyop 
 nan-nd-le let a little water, I pray you, 
 be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest 
 yourselves under the tree G. — also inter- 
 rogative. 
 
 le 1.; le le the call to goats. 
 
 le 2. for lyd, lyo (to take). 
 
 *le 3. T. legs good; *le-gy6 T. legs- 
 
 byas s. a good action, kindness, benefit, 
 *le-gyd mat vb. to do a good action, to 
 serve another ; * le-so T. legs-so it is good, yes. 
 
 *le 4. T. las Skt. ^JTST s. an action; 
 *le nen T. las nan s. fault in the s. of 
 consequence, pain, grief, sorrow, a-do le 
 nen it is your own fault, you have brought 
 it on yourself. — *le ts'e T. las tsan s. 
 the gentry, the nobility. 
 
 *le kor (T.) s. a circle M. 
 
 le nin muk s. a plant. Polygonum ruu- 
 cinatum. 
 
 le tdk-bo adj. good and pure, a plain 
 man G. le md-tok-niim-bo not good or 
 pure, le md-tok-nd a-gyek-ka gyek-lUn born 
 impure. 
 
 le Idm s. coaxing, le 16m ryak klon vb. 
 to coax evil spirit to leave. 
 
 *le sat T. slob and bsod(-pa') "to attempt 
 to learn" s. imitation, aspiration, *le sat 
 mat vb. to attempt, to imitate, to aspire 
 to, hu kHm-dun md-ro-sd viat-pdn sop- 
 pdn le sat mat he apes the ways of 
 others. 
 
 lek 1. expletive to fdt, see pd-lek s. a 
 parcel of ground. 
 
 (lek 2.) sd-lek hyep see under a-mlem. 
 
 len si-la ace. M. fr. T. blan ce "taking" 
 "much" adv. much. 
 
 let, a-let s. a substitute, a change as of 
 clothes, a-let a-dydm s. a change of 
 clothes. 
 
 let vb. n. to be sharp, md-let-ne blunt. 
 
 let explet. to fdt. 
 
 -len 1. postp. the sign of the compara- 
 tive degree, as o-re-len a-re ryu this is 
 better than that. 
 
 len 2. near, e. c. Im-sd len-niin da vb. 
 to lie near him; li len-ka near the house; 
 nap-mo-len near the evening. 
 
 len 3. vb. t. to mould up (as over the 
 bulbs of potatoes, turnips and when in- 
 creasing in size). — a-len s. germ, seed, 
 a young shoot, see 6rop. — fam-len s. any 
 sprout from earth, a plant, a sprout; a 
 ghost. 
 
 len, 4. len-na len-na wavering, trembling, 
 as from nervousness, cold etc. 
 
len— lerti 
 
 leiti— *lo 
 
 257 
 
 len 5. s. retaliation, len cik vb. to re- 
 taliate, to retort, len luk s. retort, re- 
 taliation. 
 
 *len 6. T. len to take, see po len; md- 
 len-ne used prohibiting, lyok md-len-ne 
 do not change, yu len vb. to bring back; 
 
 — to seize on, to appropriate to one's 
 self, len dat kyon vb. to sympathize with; 
 
 — lak len s. a written acknowledgment 
 of receipt of present. 
 
 len 7. vb. to commit fornication, kvp 
 len s. bastard. 
 
 len 8. explet. to fan q. v., mi len gyok 
 vb. to see as it were fire from the eyes, 
 to be bewildered or delirious. 
 
 len ju for la-ju q. v. 
 
 lep 1. s. the entrance to the lower 
 regions, Idn-dek-sd lep vyen. 
 
 lep 2. vb. t. to press down, to flatten; — 
 adj. flat, co-gu lep a sheet of paper. — 
 a-lep adj. flat (as plate or board), the 
 leaf of a book, Eu a-lep kat a chupatee, 
 cake of bread. — pun-lep, picn-lyd por pun- 
 lyop 1. adj. flat, 2. an oblong kind of 
 bell. — td-lep s. a thin plate of anything, 
 a flat piece of, kuu td-lep s. a flat plate 
 of wood; Idii td-lep s. a flat plate of stone; 
 piin-jen td-lep s. a plate of iron; td-lep 
 tom-bo laminated; a-re Idn td-lep-ka pya 
 non bam this stone is separating in plates. 
 
 lep, lyep see lydp. 
 
 lem vb. to place one above or before 
 (as men) another, to pile, lem din or 16m 
 vb. n. to stand or march one before 
 another (as soldiers); lem to vb.t. to place 
 one above another, to pile; lem nan vb. 
 u. to sit one before the other; vb. t. to 
 fold up as clothes ditm lem. — advly, to- 
 wards, in the direction of, fydn lem non 
 vb. to march in the direction of or against 
 an enemy, pa- no lem dyu vb. to fight 
 against king, a-do lem towards thee; — 
 sd-lem advly. in what way, whither, in 
 what direction, -lem (c. c. sd-lem) affix 
 attached to the end of verb in s. of 
 ''whithersoever," sd-lem hd non lem go la 
 non-so whithersoever you go I will go. 
 a-lem s. : kyon a-lem rows of houses, one 
 
 behind the another; co a-lem leaf of 
 book. 
 
 lem vb. to be fidgety, restless, to be 
 skilful, said of bon fin, mun zuk-ka lem bam. 
 
 lem-bre s. increase, lem-bre zuk vb. to 
 increase M. 
 
 lei and lyel, vb. t. to finish, to complete, 
 to end, a-fya lei vb. to take root; — 
 affixed to verbs gives a past or final time 
 e. c. gyek lei created, see fat, 2. pag. 239. 
 
 lei see lal, lol; kd-lel adj. slightly bent 
 out, small, ban kd-lel a small knife. 
 
 !o 1. affixed to bo, ' mo etc. forms 
 "step "father, "step "mother etc., kup-lo 
 a stepson or -daughter; mo-lo also: a 
 mother-in-law, 6o-Zo also: afather-in-lawM. 
 
 lo 2 "called" see yot I. advly. "thus" 
 lo li lo mat he has a right to speak thus, 
 he serves you right; — lo gdn i. q. a-lo 
 gdn if it be so, then; — lo go it is well, 
 very well, used in assent i. q. lo ciydn. 
 See under a, o; — lorn see a-lom; — lol- 
 Id towards, in the direction of, in respect 
 of, kd-sii lol-ld U speak to me, sak-cin 
 Id-yo lol-ld non to incline to evil, pun- 
 jum lol-ld dyii to fight for the enemy in 
 opp. to pd-no lol-ld. — II. certainly, go lo 
 mat-so I will certainly do it; AH lo mak- 
 so he will certainly die. — lo dydn very 
 well. — td-lo for a-lo this, thus, td-lo go 
 it is so; kd-yu td-lo mak-so we also 
 would die. 
 
 lo 3. vb. to fly at (as hen when it has 
 chickens). 
 
 lo 4. vb. to lay out, or spread out, to 
 dry as corn, cotton. 
 
 lo 5. no lo s. a fish. 
 
 *lo 6. s. T. lo a year, L. na^n q. v. 
 *lo kor s. a cycle of twelve years, the 
 name and order of which are as follows 
 kd-ldk; Ion; sd-fdii; kmn-t'yon; sd-dydr; 
 bu; on; luk; sd-hii; hik; kd-ju; mon; — 
 lo kor (the cycle) klak to come round, 
 lo to zdk the end of the old and com- 
 mencement of the new cycle of years; 
 if clothes etc. are being made and are 
 not ready before the commencement of 
 the new cycle, it is considered unfortunate 
 
358 
 
 lo-lok 
 
 lok— Ion 
 
 and the clothes are not worn. — lo so dot 
 an intercalary year; lo so zcik an un- 
 lucky year. 
 
 (lo 7.) a-lo s. a Lepcha title below yuk. 
 
 *lo 8. T. bio s. the mind, will, pleasure, 
 taste or liking; lo nyi there is a will, to 
 have an inclination to do anything, a-do 
 lo-ka m gat-tun go what is your will; lo 
 kijok vb. to have equilibrium of mind 
 destroyed (as by grief, anger, in its bad 
 sense, not by pleasure or joy), lo kyok 
 nan-Id nun to become restored; lo kyok 
 son to be again' at peace, tranquil; — lo 
 CO s. pleasure, lo c6-ka for pleasure, lo 
 CO mat to enjoy one's self; — lo fok cot 
 non to be decided; — lo dak s. a pain 
 of your own will, it is your own fault, 
 lo dak mak he has died by his own fault. 
 lo rik correctly, by heart, lo rik nyim-ho 
 a person ready of comprehending or of 
 retractive memory. — lo zo s. permission, 
 will. — lo-ka nyi to know by heart; — 
 lo tat ka or lo tydt ka to place confidence 
 in; — lo-nun Mt vb. to know by heart; 
 lo-niin dot vb. to repeat by heart; — lo 
 di to come to one's liking, to be pleased 
 with. — 
 
 a-lo affixed to a-fyak q. cfr. 
 
 *lo 9. T. sloh (to learn, to teach). 
 Compounds: *Zo kruk T. sloh-jjrug s. a 
 scholar, a disciple; the apostles Chr., 
 lo kruk-ka tap vb. to place under tutor- 
 ship; lo kruk-ka von vb. to become dis- 
 ciple; — *lo-pdn s. 1. a teacher, T. 
 slob-dpon, Skt. ^T^^; 2. the chief of 
 beads in rosary, lo-pdn tydn vb. to wait 
 upon teacher; lo-pdn won-nuh-sd lo-kruk 
 lie nun when the teacher is learned, the 
 disciples become proficient. 
 
 *lo gyu (fr. T. lo rgyusf) s. circumstan- 
 
 ces 
 * 
 
 lo jon T. fr. lo (year) and gzon i. q. 
 L. nam a-man a young man. 
 
 *lo dam T. gh and L. dam s. a girth 
 as of saddle. 
 
 *lo-tsd-bo T. lo-tsa-ba s. an interpreter. 
 
 lok 1. s. people G. 17, 13. Ex. 14. 5 
 etc., see luk or fr. vITofi. 
 
 lok 2. luk-kd lok-kd or lak-kd lok-kd 
 unsteady, unsettled, fickle, foolish, vain; 
 lak-kd lok-kd mat vb. to be unsteady; 
 fickle, to keep doing and undoing lak-kd 
 lok-ld It vb. to be fickle, changeable in 
 speach; lak-kd lok-kd rrn foolish talk. 
 
 lok 3. it may be, perhaps, a-lom lok it 
 may be so. — a-lok adj. of the same 
 kind, same description. — Caus. lyok 
 (and lydk) vb. to be like, to resemble, 
 a-kiip re a-mo lyok the child is like the 
 mother; md-lyok-num-bo adj. unlike; — 
 adv. likely, probably, mak-sdn lyok likely 
 to die, nyi-sdn lyok it may be likely so. 
 — a-lyok adj. of the same kind, similar, 
 a-lyok mat-lun U vb. to compare one thing 
 with another. 
 
 *lok 4 T. log (reverse, contrary, oppo- 
 sition) vb. to return, to give in return, 
 to give back, fob/i lok mat vb. to give 
 back what you have purchased. 
 
 Ion 1. see lun 1. s. the eye of hoe. 
 Ion sun s. an instrument of making eye 
 of hoe. 
 
 *lon 2 T. Ion s. leisure, time, go Ion 
 nd-nyin-ne I am not at leisure; sak-cin 
 Ion md-nyin-ne-ha there was no time to 
 think. 
 
 Ion 3. vb t. 1. to dig up (as plant 
 with earth), to dig; t'am-len Ion fat vb. 
 to uproot a plant 2. to educe, elicit? 
 
 lot s. a rupture, a swelling, td-tsup lot 
 vb. to have r. from anus, hernia; a-mik 
 lot to have eye ruptured or distended. — 
 pd-lot-ld convex, swelling outwards. 
 
 Ion 1., a-lon 1. behind, after, gan Ion 
 hereafter, Ion tsom to be left behind, to 
 be inferior, to be short of; Ion ryak vb. 
 to follow; — lon-ka afterwards; in the 
 absence of; lon-niin after, afterwards, 
 ha-yu Ion-nun after them Ex.; Ion-nun 
 mok-sd md-nyin-ne there is no end as of 
 people or words etc.; o-re sd Ion-nun hu 
 num-sdn-nun hu-sd rin li after that his 
 brethren talked with him G. lon(nun) 
 ryak vb. to follow after; Ion-nun Ion-nun 
 by degrees; — lon-ren at last; — lon-ba 
 at length, after sometime, afterwards, — 
 
Ion— 16k 
 
 Idk— *ldn 
 
 359 
 
 lon-bam-bo s. the last, the one behind; 
 lon-bam-ho-sdn the survivors; — Ion Ion- 
 nun or Ion lon-ren after a long while; 
 — Ion 8u-ka or Ion tso pu or Ion liyd pu 
 or Ion pdt pu what may be or follow, 
 the consequences; Ion pot pu md-dydm- 
 ne not to consider the consequences; — 
 Ion a-tyok-ka at last, among the last. — 
 2. in this direction. 
 
 lon2(fr. 1.), fo-lon s. the wisdom-teeth. 
 
 lop vb. to crawl so as to make one 
 feel, as louse on body. 
 
 lorn vb. to go off, to be sold as goods. 
 
 lom i. q. a-lom in this manner, see lo 2. 
 
 lorn dat see lum ddt. 
 
 lol, lol-la see lo 2. 
 
 lol-la tyil-ia i. q. td-gryom see gryo. 
 
 *ld 1. T. gla s. wages, pay for work, 
 rent as for house, go-nun kd-do-su td-ayu 
 vyet-rem kd-sii vo-ka byi-ren rum-ntin kd- 
 sd Id bo fat God has given me my hire, 
 because I haven given my maiden to my 
 husband G.; — lo-bo a day-labourer; — 
 Id mat zo to live on the wages of work; 
 16 mat lyo vb. to hire; — 16 z6m-bo s. a 
 hireling, 16 z6m-bo nd 16 z6m-bo go-ren 
 tyet-lun luk-pdn-ka sak md-cin-ne the 
 hireling fleeth, because he is a hireling, 
 and cares not for the sheep J. — 16 sok 
 vb. to be neglected (as work), 16 a6k Sok 
 ty6l-n6n to be fruitless as work M. 
 
 (Id 2.) a-ld a-Su s. a trace (of any one). 
 
 Id 3. in books for I6t. 
 
 Id 4 s. a screen or curtain W. 65. 
 
 Idk 1.: Iuk-l6k-ld veA, written also ruk- 
 I6k-M. 
 
 *ldkT.ZcZa^-(pa)2.vb. to lick with tongue. 
 
 Idk 3. vb. to dance-, to frisk, i6k bam 
 zo dyap-ld ci ka to dance on corn in 
 order to thrash it. 
 
 Idk 4. to be wasted, to be spoilt, to be 
 injured; l6k-n6n-bo damaged, I6k sum-ba 
 that which may spoilt or injured, as any 
 fragile article; zo 16k s. a waste of rice 
 or food; kom l6k-ydm-bo s. a spendthrift; 
 mu I6k-kun injurious. 
 
 Idk 5. fr. T. lag (hand): mi-16k s. a 
 person who works for his food. 
 
 Idk 6. a-ldk s. exercises, vik-l6k military 
 exercises. 
 
 Idk-fo see oV fo; a-l6k fo s. crow: the 
 species in general — 6r fd-l6k fo Indian 
 corby or crow, Corvus culminatus M., 
 Je. 2. 295. 
 
 *ldk-C0r T. klag-cor s. noise, clamour, 
 lok cm' a-tet md-mat-tun do not kick up 
 such a row. 
 
 *ldn 1. T. glan s. a bull, bik I6n; J6n 
 cun a young bull. — Ion nam the ox- 
 year M. 141. 
 
 Idii 2, a-ldii s. reflective light, a-dyiim 
 a-lon; Id-vo 16/1 moon-light; mJo 16 A re- 
 flected light on clouds. 
 
 Ion 3. to become dry, said of yams, 
 leaves etc. 
 
 *ldn 4. I6n T. slan(^-ba), shn^-ba) vb. 
 t. to lead, to induce, to conduct, to steer, 
 to bring, to bear upon, to direct; to 
 manage, to administer, to control, to in- 
 fluence, to win over, go a-do ik ca I6n 
 md-lel-ne I have not yet finished teaching 
 you. — lin Uyd vb. to lead, to bring, 
 go-nun lyan sd-re go-niin a.-sd i. sd uy.- 
 ka ryak myd byin-ho-ka I6n Vyd-Uo'i a-yum 
 o-re rem u-t'op mat-bo-so go uye-ho-va 
 dyiim-ba I will bring you in unto the 
 land concerning the which I did swear 
 to give it to A., to I. and to J.; and I 
 will give it you for an heritage: I am 
 the lord Ex.; I6n hr6n id., iin lyan o-re- 
 nun plyd-lun lyan a-ryum a-tim .... -ka 
 I6n hr6n sdn-ka yu and I am come down 
 to bring them up out of that land unto 
 a good land and a large .... Ex. — vb. n. 
 to be induced, pd-no-nun I6n-n6n-ban the 
 king being induced to continue to main- 
 tain; — vb. t. to bring up, to rear, kvp 
 mat I6n to adopt and bring up a child; 
 ju I6n to bring up as child; — val 16/1 
 to keep up the delusion. — I6n leading, 
 leading water in bamboo frames; l6n-bo 
 running water. — (a-~)Un-bo s. a chief- 
 tain, a leader, (a-)l6n-bo mat-td-o be a 
 leader; tem-bo l6n-bo-pdh lid-do sd-g6n-ka 
 md-rik-nd gd/'i tem-bo l6k-so if the rulers 
 of the state agree not among themselves 
 
360 
 
 Idn-ldt 
 
 I6t 
 
 the state will perish; pd-no-nun lon-pdn 
 all from the king downwards, all following- 
 after king. 
 
 I6n 5. T. Man, lon(-pa), Ien(-pa) vb. t. 
 to take, gi-co Ion to deprive; — Idn-ld 
 except, see ron; to have with one, to 
 carry, as M-su-sd ban I6n md-bam-ne I 
 have not my knife with me; I6n non di 
 1. to carry away with 2. to lead away; 
 Ion ft to take away, mi-zdr-ka cok md- 
 nyin-nd ren ho-nun kd-yum a-ba lyan 
 mak-sdn-ka Ion fi-wun-d because there 
 were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken 
 us away to die in the wilderness? Ex. 
 Ion di to bring with; — also used in the 
 sense of depriving or taking away, as 
 sak Ion to take away life; — to preserve 
 as truth, wisdom, justice, word, virtue, 
 also to take care of (as servant a horse, 
 animal or thing) to guard, to keep guard, 
 fm nyo sun Ion bam to preserve the 
 history of lords and ladies. — Ion, i. q. Id 
 in the sense of continuing as hrydp-ld 
 non or hrydp Ion non to go on weeping; 
 — Ion s. desire, will, a-do Ion gum it is your 
 own desire, will; — vb. copulare, see mi 
 mun; a-vo len Ion vb. to commit adultery, 
 a-vo len l6n-bo s. an adulteress. — 
 
 a-I6n s. sexual intercourse, a-lon mat 
 vb. to have sexual intercourse, explet. to 
 a-mat anda-tem sexual intercourse, q. q. v. 
 
 Idt 1. vb. to return, to come back; lot 
 is used in the s. of the English prefix 
 re- or again, e. c. lot bal repeatedly, again 
 and again, I6t kor vb. to circulate and 
 recirculate, as blood etc., lot gdn hroA 
 vb. 1. to rise upwards as seasons 2. to 
 renew, as dispute; lot gyekyh. to be re- 
 born, Idt ndk vb. to review, to look back 
 upon, lot nan vb. 1. to resist, 2. to roost 
 as birds, lot cin vb. to reflect, sak-cin 
 lot ydm-bo adj. one susceptible of great 
 feelings, tender-hearted, I6t nydt cin vb. 
 to reconsider, lot tap vb. to put again, 
 a-do kd-rem Mir-sdk-ka lot fap-pd put thine 
 hand into thy bosom again Ex. lot top 
 vb. to recover, lot fyak vb. to recognize, 
 lot di vb. to return, 4ot dot vb. to take 
 
 out again e. c. hu-niin a-kd-rem kHr-sdk- 
 ka tap-lUn lot dot-tun-sd M kd re sd-n6n 
 duni zon dom ddk he put his hand into 
 his bosom: and when he took it out, be- 
 hold, his hand was leprous as snow Ex. 
 I6t dyii vb. to repel; Idt nak vb. to cor- 
 rect; I6t fid vb. to come out again; lot 
 non vb. to go back again, to return, lot 
 byi vb. to give back, to return a thing, 
 I6t tsun vb. to resume, lot zu vb. to re- 
 vive, to come to life again, Idt zuk vb. 
 to remake, lot lat vb. to return, lot li 
 vb. to revise all he has said; rin Idt luk 
 i. q. rin gdn hron vb. to renew dispute; 
 lot lyo vb. to receive again, to recover; 
 lot van vb. to reverse, lot sd vb. to re- 
 cover as from sickness, lot si vb. to see 
 again; lol-ld lot vb. to return, lot lu vb. 
 to restore. — a-l6t s. returning. 
 
 lydt cans, to cause to return, to set 
 free, to set at liberty, as a captive, to 
 put or turn away as from sin etc., to 
 cease, to abjure, Id-vo lyot to abjure one's 
 sins; nyen lyot to cease giving milk; kd- 
 stim lydt klon-nd send me away G. ; a- 
 tsom lyot fo vb. to let hair hang dis- 
 hevelled; go a-do tom-ld lyot I won't let 
 you off, I'll do for you; a-kd-niin lyot vb. 
 to be out of practise; a-do fon-ka lyot fo 
 you are left to your pleasure; lyot nydn 
 vb. to release, to turn back, or cause to 
 turn back; sd-ba-nvn di-ba o-ba lydt nydn 
 or kld/'i vb. to cause him to return from 
 whence he came; a-lvt-ttin lydt to put 
 away from the heart (as sin etc.); nyi- 
 wiin-sd tu-tsdt sak-cin md-lydt-tiin-o in the 
 time of plenty do not be extravagant or 
 thoughtless ; lydt glydt making faints as in 
 fight P.; md-lydt-nd mat-lvn dyok zuk vb. 
 to continue work until finished — i. s. 
 of the English prefix re — , rin lydt li 
 vb. to answer; lydt fap vb. to replace; 
 lydt fop vb. to recover; lydtju fat vb. to 
 restore to life; lyot ju luk vb. to rise 
 again to life; lydt blydn vb. to refill; lydt 
 byi vb. to restore, to give back; lydt zuk 
 vb. to repair; — vyet tsun lydt to release 
 prisoner, a-dom md-fa-niin-sd md-lydt-ne 
 
Idt— Idp 
 
 I6p — Idm 
 
 361 
 
 I will not release you until I have eaten 
 you; un lyot to release water; — to ex- 
 piate, to forgive Id-yo Id-son lyot-tun 
 mak-non dead as an expiation for their 
 sins. — 
 
 2 lot s. retribution, Id-yo lot-tun-sd 
 sun suk-jam-ld jel-id md-jel-ne the relation 
 of the retribution of their sins is im- 
 possible adequately to relate P. 
 
 Idt 2. vb. n. to proceed, to go in any 
 direction to the point, du lot fever to 
 come; lot lat or lot da to lie carnally 
 with; — vb. t. to put out, to eject, sd- 
 dydr lot thunderbolt to fall; lyan lot to 
 cast out, to eject i. q. dot; a-li lot to put 
 out tongue; to leave ofp, to cease, as a- 
 kup kd-ti gyek o-re-nvn a-lem lot she bare 
 ten children, then left off child-bearing; 
 to ease nature ayit lot, jit lot; — vb. n. 
 to deteriorate, to degenerate, to retrograde, 
 lot Ion vb. t. to debauch; tso lot the 
 colour has faded; ban nor Wf knife-steel 
 to be destroyed; to be smaller than, sd- 
 kd-nun myil-ld lot-lu/i all below or smaller 
 than sd-kd. 
 
 Idt3. explet. todw(childreningenerals.). 
 
 Idt 4. a-ldt s. rice laid out to dry zo-l6t. 
 
 Idn see Ion. 
 
 Idn 1. vb. n. to agree, to come to one 
 opinion. 
 
 Idn 2., a-l6n adj. middle-seized as fowls, 
 cows etc. 
 
 Idn 3. kd I6n s. a hand-instrument. 
 
 *ldn-bo T. blon-po s. officer, minister. 
 
 Idp 1. s. 1. a large leaf of tree, a-fik- 
 nun tun-sdn sak-bol-ld ryu-wim-ka non 
 dyet-sen-ld kun nyom kun lop-nun ban 
 tsdii nun-ban not-luii mak-so-yam-o another 
 satva's going to a beautiful bower must 
 die from wounds caused by the spiked 
 leaves of trees which resemble arrows 
 and swords P. ; I6p kap vb. to cover over 
 with leaves (as roof of hut etc.) ; lop fyur 
 s. a cup made of a leaf; lop lon-non leaf 
 to be withered; lop sok 1. dry leaves; 
 2. a species of creeper, Idp sok mak-bo 
 s. a snake Tbr. lop sdp vb. to line basket 
 with leaves; — 2. s. a shield, lop bu vb. 
 
 to carry sh ; lop mat vb. to shield; lop 
 tsetYh. to make a wicker- or bamboo-sh.; 
 lop tsut vb. to shield; lop zuk vb. to make 
 shield. — num-lop-mo s. 1. a female, a 
 young woman, a gay woman, Tbr. 2. a 
 winnowing basket Tbr. — pd- (or td-) 
 lop kun s. name of tree, also l&p muk; 
 pd-lop bi s. name of plant. 
 
 Idp 2., tsiik lop s. the west. 
 
 idm T. lam I. s. road, way M. 82 
 journey; distance, lom-sd mat vb. to make 
 preparations for the road M. 129; lom 
 diik-kyo/'i-re the difficulties of r. ; ban-fo 
 ban-kin lom a narrow path with precipice 
 at each side; lom-ka on the road, kd-sH 
 dya?i Idm-ka since my coming G. non-rmn 
 (lat-tun or ldt-i>h'i)-sd lom-ka on (your) 
 way, as ("you) go (come) (return); lom- 
 cuk s. the middle of r.; lom-cuk s. meeting 
 of roads; Idm tan a short journey; Idm 
 ton a broad r.; Idm fdn-de a spacious r.; 
 Idm fdl a short journey; Idm pydn a strait 
 or pass; lom bar-ka by the way Ex.; 
 Idm byem a winding r., Idm bluk a path 
 of large or small animals thro' jungle; 
 Idm Uit, s. an avenue, a defile; lom tsdk- 
 bo s. a patrol; Wm fc'e^ moderate-sized r. 
 or a m. trace; Idvi (a-) hul a circular r.; 
 Idm rii a long journey or distance, sd- 
 rdn ndn-sdn-ka Idm ru it is very far to 
 go to-day; ldm-ri(m a long (far distant) 
 journey; Idm-vyeii a narrow and difficult 
 pass thro' mountain; Idm hrydn a long 
 distance, Idm-hrydn-ka kldn Tbr. to kill; 
 Idm-hrydn-ka non Tbr. to be killed; lom 
 sdm a narrow path; Idm ciydn a much 
 frequented way ; Idm a-ma a secret road ; 
 Idm a-ral an open road; Idm a-vdk a 
 circuitous or round-about way; Idm a-sa 
 s. a path of small animals thro' jungle, 
 Idm Ka-ta s. a. p. of large animals thro' 
 jungle. 
 
 Idm kdk to vb. to shut up road; Idm 
 kyok road to wind, Idm ki-kyok a winding 
 road; Idm gryam road to be obstructed; 
 Idm cet-ndn the road is stopped; Idm jmn 
 road to be obstructed, almost impassable; 
 Idm tok-ndn road to be narrow as thro' 
 
 23* 
 
362 
 
 16m 
 
 151— lyak 
 
 jungle striking on each side, also road 
 to be obstructed; lorn pyit n&h vb. to 
 miss eachother by going different roads; 
 Um fyet vb. to cut a way thro' jungle; 
 lorn fron vb. to shew or point out the 
 way, 16m fron-bo s. a guide (spiritual or 
 otherwise); Urn bram vb. to lose way; Urn 
 tsam vb. to take the road, with -sa pro- 
 ceeding, denotes to enter or commence 
 upon any new work or to adopt a work, 
 CO 'pi-wun-sd 16m tsam to commence to 
 write a new book; I6m zdk vb. to be 
 near road (as house); I6m zuk vb. to 
 make a road; 16m ryak vb. to pro- 
 ceed straight along road; I6m ryel-ld 
 n6n to come the straight road; I6m 
 I6n vb. to guide along the road 
 as blind man, child etc., I6m l6n-bo s. a 
 guide; I6m ly6t vb. to leave or turn aside 
 from the road; 16m hld-non-bo s. a pioneer, 
 a guide; I6m sdf vb. to clear a road; I6m 
 so vb. 1. to accompany part of the way 
 2. see Id-vo; I6m so -bo one who ac- 
 companies you on the way; Id-yo-sd 16m 
 ly6t to turn aside from the path of evil; 
 Id-vo I6m s. the motion of moon; I6m ton 
 s. the galaxy, the milky-way; bed (as 
 of river), ban Zo'waknife-cut; i.Umoi'a- 
 I6m s.path, track. — S.to'wora-to'mmanner, 
 way of doing anything, conduct, ku-do 
 I6m md-nan-ne or hii-do mat-l6m md-nan- 
 ne his conduct is not upright; ayok-sd 
 a-l6m the manner or rule of work; rin- 
 sd a-l6m the rules of language ; ly6n I6m- 
 mun in a playful way; g6-wun-sd 16m in 
 the way of pleasure; ryu-ld I6m in a 
 goodly manner; affixed i. q. -lu or -Idt, 
 mat-l6m i. q. mat-lu or mat- Idt s. the 
 manner or mode of doing; forms sub- 
 stantives, as dye/i z6n a friend, a. z.-l6m 
 friendship; pun-jum an enemy, f.-j. 16m 
 s. enmity; hy6k to have intercourse, hy6k- 
 I6m intercourse. — 
 
 4, custom, tun-dar tuk-min gdn buk sd 
 16m nyi-md-o if you beat it according to 
 custom; — by means of or through pi- 
 bo-sd I6m-nun bri tik by means of or thro' 
 a pi-bo the marriage takes place. 
 
 5. possibility, rum-lyaii md-fin-nd tet 
 sd-fa-ld kydt-sd I6m md-nyin-ne until you 
 reach God, there is no chance of peace 
 P. I6m too- it is possible; I6m md-t6r-ne 
 impossible; 
 
 6. so much road to be done; portion, 
 I6m ka vb. to assign ditto, I6m t^ok ky6p 
 to divide road into portions to be done 
 by different sets of men; o-l6m a-ddn s. 
 bustle, toil, a-l6m a-ddn md-top-ne not 
 to be able to escape (as punishment, 
 trouble etc.). a-l6m a-sii s. a trace, a 
 track. 
 
 II. vb. to walk, to travel, dyan-sd 
 I6m to travel on foot, on pldn-ka 16m to 
 travel on horseback, in opp. kun on or 
 a- bun pldn-ka n6n; -l6m-bo s. a walker 
 M. 1.38., I6m-ld I6m-ld rin li to walk and 
 talk; I6m k'vm-bo s. a good walker; 2. to 
 employ, engage, mydl ul mydl dyul I6m 
 (they) were engaged in seeing and in- 
 vestigating science, cfr; I, 6. 
 
 161 1. vb. to be bent outwards, 161 da 
 to lie with stomach or breast bent out- 
 wards, kut-lun 161 to be so stuffed with 
 food as not to be able to stoop belly 
 puffed out; md-zil ld-l6l-ld an bam i. q. 
 mi{-ka) tuk-br6l ran an see mi 285. 
 
 161 2. (i. q. 161 1.?) Id-l6l-ld (affected) 
 with neuralgia or gout in stomach. 
 
 lya i. q. lyo. 
 
 lya: mii, lyd-se accoutrements, for lyu ce. 
 
 lyak 1 ; 1. a-kup lydk s. a cradle, baby's 
 clothes. 2. an apron that covers the 
 back of women, also a cloth used to 
 absorb the issue of menses. 
 
 lyak 2. td-lydk s. small patches nyot 
 td-lydk; td-lydk da vb. to lie in patches 
 (as fields), to be dotted with. 
 
 lyak 3. i. q. lyok see lok. 
 
 lyak 4. vb. to be different, to be con- 
 trary, lydk-ld adv. reversely, contrary to 
 M. 75, lydk-lu on the contrary; — to 
 mistake (as word); m6n lydk to dream 
 various (in bad sense) dreams, (dreams) 
 to change (in bad sense), to become 
 fade; lydk mun s. a ghost, a phantom; 
 — vb. to calumniate kd-su lydk-kun ay 
 
lydn— lydn 
 
 lyan— lyan 
 
 363 
 
 ba he is calumniating me. lydk van vb. 
 to deceive, to cajole, a-du a-lo lydk van 
 to deceive in various ways; tiion-ka ludk van 
 to cheat in trade; rin lydk zo to live by 
 deceit; sak-cin lydk-van-ydm-bo s. a sharp 
 experienced person. — a-lydk a-oan s, 
 a uiisstatement, inaccuracy, a misrepre- 
 sentation, a-lydk a-van rih s. a misstate- 
 ment. — vb. 1. to turn, to turn over, 
 2. to change as garment, to exchange, to 
 make an exchange one thing for another; 
 to translate, lum-rin-nunpdt-rin-ka lydk byi 
 to tianslate from the Hindiistaui into the 
 Tibetan language. — a-lydk s. turning 
 over anything (as the pages of book or 
 the book itself), turning upside down. 
 
 lyan 1. vb. n. not to be firm in standing 
 (as sick man or a vessel with small 
 bottom; lyan 16m vb. to walk unsteadily. 
 See nydn. 
 
 lyan vb. n. to be shallow (as water, 
 or as mind, counsel, dd lyan shallow 
 .water; la-de lyan a shallow plate; krut 
 lyan shallow advice; wi lyan shallow 
 speach; a-lut lyan a shallow mind, silly, 
 foolish. 
 
 lyan: a-lut-sd a-lydn a real friend. M. 
 
 lycit vb. u. to .get loose, lik cyan lydt; 
 lydt.-td suddenly, hastily, fydn lydt-td pld 
 lat fan 16m, md-nyin-ne the foe came so 
 suddenly, there was no time for pre- 
 paration. 
 
 lyat vb. t. to set (as trap, snare), sun- 
 Id lydt to set snare for bird; lydt fo vb. to 
 set (as trapj, lydt tom-bo p. p. set; vb. 
 n. to be prepared ready or fit to eat 
 (as food); mi lydt-d is the fire lighted; 
 vb. t. to replace, esply. a-bil lydt to re- 
 place a male in a herd or flock, when 
 the previous male has died or been taken 
 away, a-bu lydt a-kup s. a son in tlie 
 place of his father; — to change (as 
 dress). 
 
 lyat: lyat lydt up to the brim, za-din- 
 pdn un blydn-ld Idk-kd un hd-yu-nun lydt 
 lydt Idk fill the waterpots with water; and 
 they. filled them up to the brim J. 
 
 lyan vb. n. to become tame or familiar 
 
 (as animal), to become accustomed to 
 (as to place, food etc.) — a-lydn adj. 
 tame (as an animal), opposed to a-rd. 
 
 lyan s. fashionable person M. 
 
 lyan, a-lyan s. the young blade of corn 
 etc. zo-lydn, the germ of anything; the 
 side or edge of anything. 
 
 (lyan)lyan-na lyan-naweak, faint, nervous, 
 ddk-lun (krit-tun, ro-liin,) sak-cin l.-nd l- 
 nd nun to become weak or faint thro' 
 sickness (thro' hunger, thro' fear). 
 
 lyap vb. n. to be bespattered, to be 
 besmeared, covered with, lydp hron vb. 
 to adhere to, as dust, dirt to cloth, when 
 laid upon it. 
 
 lyam 1. cans, of lam q. v. 
 
 lyam 2. vb. t. to put right, to repair 
 lydm zuk. See hlyaTn. 
 
 lyam, lyam eel vb. 1. to play, to frolic; 
 2. to be idle, playing instead of working; 
 lydm bldn a gay; a-lydm s. adj. play, 
 playful, lydm yoTn-bo a playful person, 
 dye/l b&n a-lydm playful cliildren, a-lydm 
 mat vb. to play. 
 
 lyam lya shaking, lydm lyd mat vb. to 
 shake. 
 
 lya vb. to scratch out and deposit as 
 rat the earth when making hole: kd-l6k 
 piir fdt to. 
 
 lyak 1. s. a necklace for women, lyak 
 fyul vb. to take off n.; lyak bii to wear 
 n.; lyak vya vb. to put on, see sd-tap 
 lyak, po tya etc. 
 
 lyak 2. to be turned against c. c. a-lUt 
 and sak q. v. f.-sd hv, non-zen-sdn-sd a- 
 Mt-re lok-sd a-plan-ka lyak-lAh the heart 
 of Ph. and his servants was turned 
 against the people Ex. sak lyak vb. to 
 be angry. 
 
 lyaii 1. vb. t. to apportion, to distribute, 
 said of ci or of any driuk-libation; ci 
 lyan-lun fdii to serve out ci and drink, 
 un gor-bdn ci ok lyan byi having poured 
 round the water and taken out the ci to 
 serve it out. — lyan-bo s. a cupbearer. 
 
 lyaii 2. s. the earth, see fat; lyan tel 
 s. the horizon; lyan uii 1. the world, rum 
 I. u. zuk-bo god, maker of earth and 
 
364 
 
 lyan 
 
 lyan 
 
 water, lyan un ayit-nd-ha han-nun before 
 the creation of the world P. 2. the whole, 
 great, lyan un hrydn-ho s. a great distance, 
 dr-ka td-bdk-re lyan un-sd dok md-o the 
 preta has a body of enormous size P. 
 lyan zuk un zuk vb. to reconcile. 
 — earth, ground, land for cul- 
 tivation, used emphat. with fat to 
 imply the good strata of earth under the 
 surface (unexhausted soil), lyan kvn-hin- 
 Id a deep glen; lyaii krun hollow dry 
 places; lyan ton a good even spot; lyan 
 dum nun-non-ne the place has become 
 covered with bushwood; lyan nd-ld a 
 level country; I. md-nd-ne uneven c ; 
 lyan pur-tam i. q. I. foil.; lyan bar elevated 
 ground; lyan sur abounding in ravines; 
 lyan zo vb. to live by cultivation; — Ian d 
 in opp. to fe' house, lyah-ka out, outside: 
 a site without any existing village, 
 lyan-ka lorn non to go out for a walk; 
 lyan-ka glo to fall outwards; lyan-ka pld 
 to come out as bone when fractured; 
 ly an-kon oatsiAe. — land, country, lyan 
 a-sd/n 1. a healthy c. 2. a different c; I. 
 a-son a dry c; /. a-sdm a damp c; l. ban 
 da vb. to lie low. — in P. T. gnas 
 Skt. loka; rum lyan T. Iha-yi-gnas Skt. 
 ■^W^l^ (or ^'5)'^<1T) ; num-sim-nyo lyan 
 T. mi-i gnas Skt. TI^^^'SfTpR; viun lyan 
 T. yi-dvags-kyi gnas Skt. TTfJ^^ ; fam-ca/i 
 lyanT. dud-grdi gnas Skt. "f?f^I^Tf^%T^.,- 
 muk-nyam lyan T. dmyal-bdi gnas Skt. 
 tlT^, IT^; — lyan a-nok hell, I. a- 
 nok-ka kldn to send to hell, to kill 
 Tbr., — land in geographical (political) 
 s., pdt-sd pa-po lyan ser sd hlo-re the 
 mountains which form the boundary of 
 Tibet and Nepal; fyak-kun-sd lyan kat 
 Id md-nyin-ne not to know one spot of 
 ground; lyan kor-luh round the country; 
 lyan tin s. the plains. — lyan tdti kon 
 the low country, the plains, in opp. lyan 
 ram kon the upper c; — lyaii tyil one's 
 own c; lyan fyak-bo one acquainted with 
 c; lyan de s. an extensive district, un- 
 divided by rivers etc. lyan uii-nun blu- 
 nun md-ser-ne; lyan de kd-ta id.; lyaii 
 
 bar country between — ; lyan-mo s. a 
 large place or country, also the whole 
 country, as lyan mo sol the whole c. is 
 disturbed; lyan t'dt s. the state of country; 
 lyan rd/i-sd a different country, I. r. s. 
 nan-bo s. a foreign or person of another 
 place; lya/i rin the language of a country 
 or the news of a c; lya/i Idm-bo s. pro- 
 vincial officer; lya/i vdl an isolated 
 country; lyan-sd to s. the history of a c; 
 lyan-sd tidm s. the frontier of c. ; lyan 
 su/'i s. a legend, l.s. dun-bo s. a legendary; 
 lyan ser s. boundary of c, lyan a-kydt 
 nyim-bo a quiet country; lyan a-riim a 
 distant c; lya/'i krip zdk for a country 
 to become polluted as by the inchastity 
 of its inhabitants.; lyan tin byi vb. to 
 divide the c; lyan fop fi vb. to win c. 
 as in war; lyah-nun ryak nyon to banish 
 the c; lyan sa noh to travel in countries- 
 lya/'i sor vb. to lose c. (as in war); lyan 
 pd-sor hdn-ld li to be deserted or become 
 desolate; — place, spot, abode gek-l. 
 pi. of birth, da-l. pi. of repose, dii-l. an 
 unhealthy pi., feverish pi., non-l. a pi. of 
 destination, bam-l. pi. of abode, mun-l. 
 an abode of evil spirits, rom.-l. a fearful 
 pi., cause for fear, lat-l. pi. from which 
 person has come, Idap-l. school-room, a- 
 kydt-l. an eating room, lyan gun 6p-ndn 
 a place to become public, lyan sdr md/i 
 li a death-like stillness i. q. a-jok a-lik 
 md-fyo-ne; lya/'t gd-ram s. the evil spirit 
 of a pL; lyaii fin s. the evil spirit of the 
 place, a respectful term by way of depreca- 
 tion T.sa-ida^^. Skt. f^f?Iirf7l. lyan- dok \&. 
 — lyan dem-bo s. a neighbour, also a fellow, 
 country-man; lyaii zii.t s. the neighbour- 
 hoo»i; lyon dl i. q. I. a-tsum; lyan a-tsum 
 s. a new place where men have not be- 
 fore or when a house is going to be 
 built, where it is all jungle and no house 
 has been before; — lyan-ka in room of, 
 in place of; — lyan-kat-ka nyi it is some- 
 where, I. k.-ku md-nyin-ne lyan-kat-ka nyi 
 it is somewhere or other; lyan kat-bo-ka 
 adv. first, in the first place M. 118. lyan 
 sd bon-niin go in which direction, -sd. lyan 
 
lyan — lyit 
 
 lyu— (lyun) ta-lyun 
 
 365 
 
 mat vb. to go along with; — lyan is 
 used as the Hindi par e. c. us-ke par: 
 hu-sd lyan to him, a-do lyan fi-so it will 
 fall (the fault) upon you; in s. of sexual 
 intercourse: kd-su lyan-ka ti-sdn gum thou 
 must come in unto me Gr. — object 
 of M. 84, the cause of, sak-ddk lyan cause 
 of grief, gun-nd-sd sak-prok lyan alaughiiig- 
 stock, gun-nd-sd sdm lyan or giin-nd-sd 
 sak-cin-fik lyan the object of universal 
 attachment; a-re zo-sd lyan-ka ddk-non 
 or a-re zo-sdn ddk-non eating this has 
 caused me to be sick; - because, see 
 under tat 3; Mi td-gryuk bam, lyan dd-ka 
 fdt non for he was naked aiul did cast 
 himself into the sea J. — means of, biin- 
 lyan means of carrying; ydm-lyan means 
 of knowing; fop-lyan means of getting; 
 position, estate, condition, pd-nol lyan 
 kneeling position, go rum-dar lyan Kyet 
 md-nyin-ne there is no differi'uce between 
 me and a god; lyan fop a private estate; 
 matter, purpose, lyan-ka lot klon to dis- 
 miss for any purpose; lyan uyit tin-ka. 
 vydt to refer a matter to god, said in 
 appealing to ordeal. 
 
 lyan 3. a-lyaii s. honey-comb with honey 
 hu lyan, a loaf of broad. 
 
 lyat perhaps causal of laf, used iu books 
 for nun to become 
 
 lyap vb t. to brandish as sword, to turn 
 about, to turn here and there, as face, 
 body, thiug; — Reduplic. lup-pd lyap-pd 
 hurry, lup-pd lyap-pd-bo s. a person who 
 does every thing in a hurry and conse- 
 quently badly; — td-lyap s. a hurrying, 
 negligence, slovenliness, td-lyap nyim-bo 
 a person who does everything in a hurry. 
 
 lyap see lyup. v 
 
 lyam 1. vb. t. to warm up food. 
 
 lyam 2. vb. n. to be wild, insubordinate, 
 inconsiderate 
 
 (lyin), or (lifi), tun-iyin, tuii-lin applied to 
 an earthen cooking-pot liaving round 
 bottom (unbalanced), tun- lyin fyu an 
 earthen cooking-pot with r. bottom. 
 
 lyit vb. to overflow, to remove, to be 
 s-uperabundant. 
 
 lyu 1. s. the first fixture of a wasp-nest; 
 td-lyd lijv, nan the wasp has fixed a nest. 
 
 (lyu, 2.) pa-lyds. arrangement, adjustment, 
 neatness, see pd-fyum; pd-lyii pd-fatn id. 
 
 lyu 3. i. q. lu, lyu the body, lyu-no lyo 
 to recognize the illegitimate child of 
 another as one's own. 
 
 lyu 4, no lyu a spec, of fish. 
 
 lyuk caus of luk q. v. 
 
 lyun, lyun-na lyun-na shaking as carriage, 
 tree. 
 
 lyup 1. vb. t. to boat, to strike, sd-lon 
 lyup to beat pavement. 
 
 lyup 2. vb. u. to appear and disappear; 
 — lyup-pd lyup-pd a coming and going, 
 lyiip-pd lyup-pd si to appear and disappear 
 (as a light at a distance at night), I. I. 
 tyu to move backwards, to palpitate (as 
 heart), I. I. tyu-bam to come and go, to 
 appear as if life would remain and now 
 go (as sick man). — pd-lyup: sd-nom pd- 
 lyup s. (snatches of good fortune) forni- 
 cation, adultery. 
 
 lyum 1, ta-lyum see Urn 1. 
 
 *lyufn 2. see sak-lyum, see T. hlen (the 
 pit of stomach?) 
 
 lyum 3. s. the god of hunting, malignant 
 to mankind; kd-yu md-lyum-ne we do 
 not hunt; lyum mat vb. to hunt, see under 
 man; kd-ju man lyiim s. a hound, a 
 sporting-dog. 
 
 lyum 4. vb. t. to dry a little over the 
 fire (said of leaves), lop lyum to dry leaf 
 over the fire as when wishing to make 
 basket etc.; vb. n. to dry up (said of 
 spittle, see dyuk. 
 
 lyu 1. vb. to be inflamed, as sore. 
 
 lyu 2. ia-iyu-la tepid, lukewarm, Id-lyu- 
 Id i vb. to warm to lukewarmness. 
 
 lyu 3. s. kind, mode, description, rel 
 rel-sd lyu different fashions; zo lyu quali- 
 ty of rice; rin lyu kat a mode of speach; 
 CO lyu form of worship ; mi lyu-ka in the 
 form of man; lyu ce s. accoutrements; 
 lyu ten hanging. 
 
 lyu 4. s. the members of body, md-zu 
 lyu kat a member of the body. 
 
 (lyun) ta-lyun s. a flat winnowing basket, 
 
366 
 
 lyup — lyen 
 
 lyen Si— -lydn 
 
 used also as a fan, a fan for the fire or 
 person; td-lyun hyep vb. 1. to fan also 
 to winnow corn; 2. to fan as fii-e, person; 
 fd-lyun-sd krop vb. to winnow corn. 
 
 lyup 1. vb. t. to beat to strike, see 
 lyup; i. -kiip-sdn-sd gen bun-bo sd-re f.- 
 sd kd-bo kyop-ho-sdn-nun hd-yu pldn^ka 
 ka-tom-bo-sdn-ka lyup-lun vydt the officers 
 of the children of J., which Ph 's task- 
 masters had set over them, were beaten 
 and demanded Ex. 
 
 lyup 2, see lyu, reduplic. lyaprpd lyup- 
 pa adj. tepid, lukewarm. 
 
 lyek see lydk, lyak. 
 
 lyek 1. vb. t. to take, said of inoculation, 
 vaccination, hence to prove against small- 
 .pox. 
 
 lyek 2. i. q. ,/?« vb. n. to be in vigour, 
 to be able, md-lyek-ne not to be in vigour, 
 not to be able to work, bo/i md-lyek-ne 
 to be helpless, co-re jon-ba nam fen dal- 
 Id mat-td-o ran nun-ban mat-so yo gun 
 Id md-zu-nun lyek ne make yourself well 
 acquainted with learning while youTig, 
 when old, even if you would, you will not 
 be able; md-fli md-lyek-nd bam 1. not to 
 be in sufficient health to work; 2.. to be 
 in the family way; din (.lorn) md-lyek-ne 
 not sufficiently well to stand (to walk). 
 
 lyen 1. vb. n. to be sloping li cap. lyen. 
 
 lyen 2. reduplic. lun-nd lyen-nd jolting 
 M. — tun-lyentvwac&teA (afield or lahd)M. 
 
 lyen 3. ("young") a-lyen s. a full-grown 
 female beast or fowl, which ias. not yet 
 had young; — niXm-lyen s. a girl, a young 
 female, num-lyen ko-lum s. a virgin, niim- 
 lyen. (ak vb. to arrive at maturity or 
 pubity; — num-lyeh tam,-blydk.%. a spec, 
 of butterfly; num-lyeh num-hl6t s. aii in- 
 continent girl, a harlot; num-lyen a-c6n 
 a beautiful girl; num-lyen a-tson. a chaste 
 ;girl, avirgin, num-lyen a-vdn an; unmarried 
 girl; -- fd-lyen s. a youth, a young man, 
 .fd-lyeh tak to arrive to the age of pubity 
 (male), fd-lyen t'ok s. the period of youth, 
 fd-lyen num-lyen youth. of both sexes, fd- 
 len on s. a boy, fd-lyen on tydr-bam-bp 
 adolescent youth. 
 
 * lyen si: lyenk-ld tuk-mo md-mat-ne he 
 does not steal much. M. See len si. 
 
 lyet i. q. lydt vb. t. to change dross 
 G. 35. 3. 
 
 lyel see lei. 
 
 lyo (and lyd) lyo-m vb. to take, to re- 
 ceive, to obtain, lyo Ion to take and keep ; 
 lyo-ka kloH to send to receive or to get; 
 lyan-sd tat wd-winUsd mlo piii-kd kam a- 
 tu kam za-jor-pdn nd-rok hyo kd-si/m-pot 
 sd ba dam-pan lyo-ltiA md-ro re-ka su dyen 
 mat cvl-ld so no-o take the best fruits in 
 the land in your vessels and carry down 
 the man a present, a little balm, and a 
 little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts and 
 almonds G. --r lyo-bo s. receiver., — lyo 
 di vb. to come to fetch; lyo non vb to 
 go to fetch; kit lyo vb. to take away, 
 to-nu7i Id o-re rem kd-sii lyan-nvn kit md- 
 lyo-n'e no man taketh it from mo J ; — 
 to comprehend, ?/?» tyan-bo-nun o-re-mvm 
 mu-lyo-ne and the darkness comprehended 
 it not J. — lyom-bo p. pres.; caus. 
 
 lyom kon; — a-tyo s. expletive to a-fyak, 
 a-fyak a-lyo s. acquaintance 
 
 lyok see lok. 
 
 lyon, 1. lyon-nd lyon-nd waving, not 
 firm (as flesh), agitated as water, flabby 
 motion, un lyon-nd lyon-nd da. See lyUn. 
 
 lyon 2. sa-lyon {-nd) suddenly or sUt- 
 lyon-nd see .lyen; unexpected, unawares, 
 startling, sut md-nyin-nd-ba sd-lyon nd 
 fi gdn sd-kar-rd nun li-so wlien there is 
 no sound, if it comes unawares, you will 
 be startled; sd-lyon mat vb. to be startled, 
 to fear. 
 
 lyop vb. t to turn over (as cake when 
 baking), to turn upside down, to turn up 
 eyes, ,as when dying, a-lM lyop to sur- 
 prise, wonder; lyop van vb. to deceive, 
 to cheat M. 
 
 lyom see lyo. 
 
 lydk 1.: kd lyok s. palm of hand, fora 
 lyok, or dyan lyok s. sole of foot. 
 
 lydk 2., bryan lydk s. a nick-name: . 
 
 lydn, lun-lydii jutting out, large as 
 mat etc., kur^gic lydrt breadth of chest; 
 ridged, tik-lyon the prepuce, r-r- td-lydn 
 
lydt— lyiil 
 
 ha— hik 
 
 367 
 
 or tiiti'lyon s. a terrace rounrl or in front 
 of house, a balcony, a verandah, td-lyoii 
 md-ryu-ne tun-rot rik-sd dam fo the bal- 
 cony is shaky, strengthen it with vine- 
 creepers (said of a person when he is 
 unsteady as from drinking) Tbr. 
 
 Iy6t 1. vb. copulare. 
 
 lydt 2. caus. of lot. 
 
 lydt 3; a-lyot s. aii affix to a-fat q. v. 
 
 lydn 1. s. play, sport, game, amusement, 
 ontertiiininent, diversion, pastime, recre- 
 ation, relaxation, lyon mat vb. to play, 
 to sport, a-mak a'-zum-sd lyoh to play 
 with or be regardless of one's "life. 
 See lydin. 
 
 lydn 2, a-lydn young (birds before they 
 can fly) fo lydn. 
 
 lydp 1. vb. t. to cut slantingly as in 
 felling trees, kun klop lut dan Ih) tet lydp 
 hu non as long as you can make splinters 
 by cutting slantingly; lyop-pd plydk-kd 
 cutting slantingly, slicing. 
 
 lydp 2 vb. n. to glitter, to flash, to 
 glisten, mik lydp to glance, to flash eyes, 
 mik md-lydp-ne to be dim-eyed; so lydp a 
 sheet-lightening; to move said of sliadow, 
 
 lydp lydp agitated (water) ; — to play, lydp 
 yam-bo adj. playful, sportful, lydp rih s. 
 a joke, a jest, lydp li vb. to joke, to jest; 
 lydp Idm-mun in a playful or good tem- 
 pered manner. 
 
 lydp 3 a-lydp adj. s. flat, a flat piece 
 of anything, ban lydp the flat side, of 
 knife; Uik- (or lup-') lydp flat as a plank, 
 see Klydp, lep. 
 
 lydm 1 vb. to turn eyes about a-mik 
 lydm, to look in every direction, — to 
 shake as water when carried. 
 
 lydm 2, a-lydm: a-pyol mark as of foot- 
 step, fo/l lydm. 
 
 lydm 3., iydm-ma lydm-ma flaunting as 
 robes, flying, suspended in the air as 
 (sheet of) paper or cloth, Z.-m« l.-md 
 ndn to flauut as robes, to fly suspended 
 in the air. 
 
 lydm 4 (i. q. i. ?) la-iydm-la bell-shaped, 
 diim lu-lyom-ld dydm bam to wear dress 
 puffed out like bell. 
 
 lydl vb. n. to be wide, said of mouth, 
 to widen at mouth, said of any thing wide 
 above and small below. — Id-lydl-ld large- 
 mouthed, as jar opp. to svk-jdk-ld. 
 
 H 
 
 ha the twenty-fourth letter of the so- 
 called Lepcha-alphabet T. ^ English h. 
 
 ha exclam. an expression of assent, 
 or acknowledgment of having hoard. 
 See ha. 
 
 ha 1. with postpos. i. q. Iw e. c. hd- 
 nyi i. q hu-nyi^ hd-nyum i. q. hu-nyum, 
 hd-do i. q. hu-do, hd-yu, hd-yum i. q. hii- 
 yu, hu-yum. 
 
 ha 2. vb. n. to pant. 
 
 ha 3. ha-m vb. n. to be pure, unaltered, 
 cleared; bo mo hd the parents together, 
 especially themselves; — empty, hd-bo 
 adjj hd- Id or hd-va-ld or hd-ld va-ld adt. 
 id. a-ldn-ka hd-ld li now it is a little 
 
 open, cleared as where there was before 
 much jungle or many people. — a^hdm 
 (incorr a-huni) adj. pure, unmixed, whole 
 in itself, entire ban ham the blade with- 
 out, handle, zo a-hdm zo plain rice; s. 
 freedom from all extraneous matter. 
 
 (ha) ta-ha s. 1. a species of grain, 2. 
 internal empyrema. 
 
 ha-yo-wa exclam. an expression of grief, 
 pain etc. alas! 
 
 ha-rum-mo ace. Hooker 2, 15 ''harrum- 
 mo" u. pr. of a wild tribe, the Chepang (?). 
 
 hak s. flatus, the force of the breath, 
 hdk dak vb. to hick up, hdk dot vb. to 
 pant, to sob. — td-hdk or tuk-hdk s. a 
 
368 
 
 hak— hir 
 
 h&r — han 
 
 long breath as after exertion, td-hdk mat 
 vb. to take a long breath. 
 
 hak vb. to pour or take out of any 
 vessel or thing. 
 
 hak-ka ace. M. altogether, completely. 
 
 hdn 1. vb. to be impatient; — hdn hdn 
 vb. to be impatient, to prepare to do 
 anything or desire to do a-bon hdn hdn 
 mat to prepare to speak, zo-Mn hdn hdn 
 mat to prepare to eat. 
 
 han 2., kun-hdh-ld unattractive, chiefly - 
 applied to neck when long and unadorned, 
 tuk-tok kun-h'in-ld a long unadorned 
 neck. — pd-hdn also pun-hdn 1 conical, 
 pd-hdn pd-hin conical-shaped; 2. i. q. 
 pur-hdn worn, injured, damaged. 
 
 han han-la desert see hdn. 
 
 hat vb. t. to drive a cattle, hdt nyon 
 vb. t. to drive away, bro-bo-sdn-nvn fi- 
 lun hd-nytim hdt nyon the shepherds came 
 and drove them away Ex. 
 
 h^t (cfr. T. had had) vb. n. to be 
 hasty, sak hdty\). to prosecute; — hdt-td 
 or hdt-ld gasping, un-ha klo-ba a-sdm 
 hdt-ld dot he fell into the water and 
 gasped for breath; — hasty applied to 
 temper or work, hdt-td zuk vb. to do 
 anything in a hasty manner, hdt-td sak- 
 cin s. a hasty excitable temper, lidt sak- 
 lyak s. an irascible disposition; — hdt-td 
 hdt-td or hdt-td hdt-td sharp, harshly, 
 passionately. — a-hdt an exclamation 
 of regret on leaving house to go on a 
 journey. 
 
 hdn vb. to move up and down, as 
 birds tail, or twig with bird upon it, also 
 copulare. See also hvn. 
 
 han, a-han, a-hdn-nun adv. seldom? M. 
 
 hdp vb. to suck, hdp-pd hdp-pd sucking, 
 hdp-pd hdp-pd (an vb. to suck in as ci. 
 
 hap, hap see hiip; hydp cans, to cause 
 to lap over. 
 
 ham 1. vb. to undermine as river its 
 banks, see ram. 
 
 hdm 2., see a-hdm under ha H. 
 
 hdr vb. to be greedy after, to long for; 
 — a-hdr s. greediness, a-hdr mat vb. to 
 be greedy; — 
 
 hdr-rd hdr-rd nyom vb. to long for 
 food, see td-bdk. 
 
 hdr or har advly. together, in union: 
 hdr-ld din to rise together: kryom; — hdr- 
 rd hdr-rd absolute altogether. 
 
 (hal) hal-la see bvl-ld hdl-ld diligently. 
 
 ha 1. exclam. an expression made in 
 reply to call, a respond; — ha ha ha ha 
 an expression of pleasure or jocularity, 
 said on meeting acquaintance etc. also 
 of recollection on having forgotten any- 
 thing. 
 
 ha 2. vb. t. to scrape together towards 
 one's self as grain, fire, to paw up the 
 earth as horse, dog etc.; see a-foii-sd ha, 
 to row M« ha, td-li ha vb. to row. 
 
 *ha 3. s T. spra(-tf,ir) bee's wax. 
 
 ha 4. (fr. 2.?) s. an exerciser, mun 
 dyit ha ayit customs of exorcising. 
 
 ha klydp s. a species of butterfly, Bu- 
 prestis bicolor. 
 
 ha-yu for a-yu. 
 
 ha-le or ha-o adv. quickly, ha-lc. or ha-o 
 non-kd-o let us quickly go. ha-o . . hd- 
 yu-lem fam-ju mat-ka come on, let us 
 deal wisely with them Ex. 
 
 hak 1. vb. t. to carve as wood, 2. see 
 bu hak vb. to puff, to blow, to pant. 
 
 hah 1. vb. n. to be gutted sd-goh han 
 q. V. 
 
 han 2. s. a Limboo word signifying 
 "king," Jian mat vb. to be proud. — han 
 la s. a meteor that explodes with a loud 
 noise, td-lyan-nun han la glo gdn pd-no 
 mak-so when a h. falls from heaven the 
 king will die; the Lepcha's believe that 
 the mijn-kun or the presiding genius of 
 the king's life, when he is about to die 
 by this explosion announces his approach- 
 ing dissolution. 
 
 han 1. num. adj. first, the first, gun-sd 
 han s. the first of all, han-sd md-ro the 
 first man; — han abbrev. of nd han be- 
 fore, said of place or time, han hryon-bo 
 li fat to speak out what comes first; han 
 tsum-lun li vb. to anticipate the present, 
 han mot first; han ryin before hand, some 
 time ago; han a-kd fap-bo re one who 
 
han — har 
 
 hal— hik 
 
 369 
 
 begins a dispute; — Jian then, and^ there- 
 upon, moreover T. de-nas P., ha7i dr-nun, 
 han td, han-nd id. P. han td-se-nun sd-lo 
 go te ydn vydt then T. asked how is it 
 so P. ; han td pd-no-re ndn-ne-yam-o then 
 the Icing went away P. — han-mo s. the 
 first, before, in boolc 1. seems to mean 
 further; — han-zan i. q. han-zo; — han- 
 zo s. the first rice, an early rice that 
 comes first into season. 
 
 han 2. see tek han vb. to serve; — a- 
 tek a-han see tek. 
 
 hap 1. vb. n. to be closed as door, box, 
 to be shut up, as animals; hap to vb. to 
 shut, vyen hap fo-hm when the doors 
 were shut J. — Caus. hyiip q. v. 
 
 hap 2. vb. n. to be indented, applied 
 to skull, i. q. fok q. v. — 
 
 hap-pd hap-pd up and down, uneven, 
 as country. — 
 
 tun-hap or pun-hap s. the space under 
 raised house, a plane below house, ground- 
 flour, cockpit, tun-hap-ka hd-ld nun-non 
 the tun-hap is empty or cleared. — See 
 ham '6. 
 
 ham 1. s. a fishing-rod, also rod, used 
 in catching birds; Iiam sd sthi-hi rod 
 and line. 
 
 ham 2. adv. by little and little; havi- 
 Tfid ham-ma id., e. c. h. h. mik-krap lai, 
 h. h. si-sdn non dydt, so h. h. yu si zdn 
 nyon, lyah h. h. si tydt-ka. 
 
 harn 3. i. q. hap 2. kvm-ham-bo adj., 
 kHm-ham-ld or hdm-ham,-ld adv. concave, 
 overhanging, applied chiefly to the face 
 as of a person with projecting forehead 
 a-m,lem kum-ham-bo. 
 
 ham 4, ham-bo s. covetousness, grasping, 
 oppression, adj. greedy, ham-bo-nun fs'dt 
 md-nyin-ne c. knows no bounds, ham-bo 
 kyop vb. to be covetous, ham-bo kyop-bo s. a 
 covetous person. — sd-ham s. greediness. 
 
 har 1. see hal, hoi, kd-har-rd i. q. 
 kd-hol-ld. 
 
 har 2. vb. to turn with a noise, as fire 
 see under mi. — har-rd har-rd: rip bor 
 har-rd har-rd full-blown flower, dye/'t boh 
 har-rd har-rd (a child) to cry veiy loud. 
 
 hal vb. n. to be broken as stick; hal 
 nyon to break as stick; — Caus. hydl to 
 cause to be broken. 
 
 (hal 2.), hal-ld hal-ld hurry, skurry, 
 hal-ld hal-ld zuk vb. to do anything in a 
 hurry, skurry manner. 
 
 (hal 3.), kd-hal-ld or kd-hol-ld low as 
 ground, country. 
 
 hi: ki-hi s. thread, su/i-hi s. thin string, 
 line. 
 
 hi hi excl. giggling laughter hi hi fydn. 
 
 hi gat s. contempt, hi gdt kyop vb. to 
 treat with contempt, to despise. 
 
 hi fo s. a spec, of stone-chat M. 
 
 hik s. a fowl, T. by a; Tbr. sd-ryok nor; 
 — the name of 10th cycle of year hik- 
 nam M. 141. hik du zikii md-nyin-ne the 
 fowls are (scattered about) without order 
 or control; hik ka (hen) to chuck when 
 desirous of laying or after having laid 
 egg; hik {don-ka) von to roost; hik bam 
 (hen) to sit; hik fdk (hen) to chuck as 
 when calling chickens; hikryak to tread 
 hen. hik vyen-ka din-re zdn prov. to be 
 in a crisis, when life is in danger. 
 
 Comp. hik-kvp s. a chicken; hik kiir- 
 tyu s. the barb or wattle of fowl; hik- 
 gryam s. a hen-coop ; hik-nyak s. a cock's 
 comb; hik-ti a hen's egg; hik-ti zdn gyd 
 vb. to be careful of it as if it was an 
 egg, hik-ti a-siir md-nyin-nun-ka a-sur 
 dyer to seek a quarrel; hik-ti dm' s. a 
 spec, of fungus (edible); hik-ti bi ace. 
 Wtt. S. 1029 Securinega obovata 
 (Plueggia m., Phyllanthus virosus) Idk-ti 
 rip s. a spec, of marigold; Idk-tHm-nok 
 i. q. h. tiim-hryiim; hik tUm-hyor s. white 
 fowl; hik tUm-hryiim s. white aud black 
 speckled f.; hik-dyah a Lepcha riddle: 
 tdn-dek lol-ld kd for kyop-bo: su go in 
 the direction of the lower regions 
 a hand keeps waving what is it?; hik 
 niim-jit s. white and red speckled fowl; 
 hik niim-but whitish-red fowl; hik nitrn- 
 loh yellowish-r. fowl; hik pdl-ld hen with- 
 out tail; hik pi ace. Wtt. J. 141. Indigo- 
 fera pulchella; — hik-h) s. a cock M. 24., 
 hik-bii-sd a-gon the spur of c, hik-bu sow 
 
 24 
 
m 
 
 hin — hd 
 
 hn — hun 
 
 fdl-bo the cock is the accuser of daylight, 
 hik-'bv, td-latn muk s. a plant Nicandra 
 physaloides M., Mk-bii. ruk-lop s. a plant, the 
 castoroil Kicinus communis, hik-bu ryan 
 s. the crow of cock, hik-bu ryan tat-ka 
 about the time of cock's crow, tarn pon 
 tsdt din re zdn Mk-bii ryan fyo tydt nan 
 to sit till you hear cock crow; — Idk-bom 
 s. a matured hen M. 27. hik-byen 1. s. 
 the crest and comb of cock; 2. see buk. 
 hik- (a-)in6t s. a hen; hik-ryan i. q. h.-bu. 
 ryan; hik lyeh s. a good-sized pullet, a 
 young hen; hik-vo s. hen's nest. 
 
 hin 1. (T. ace. Jaschke Asa foetida) s. 
 ginger M., hin a-ju green fresh ginger, 
 hin son dry ginger, hin gryon s. a root 
 of ginger. 
 
 hin 2., a^hin adj. very deep, profound, 
 tvk-hoh hin a-hin a hole fearfully deep; 
 — hin-nd hifi-nd deep as precipice, waier. 
 
 (hm 3.) pa-hm-bo adj. conical or taper- 
 ing-shaped. 
 
 hin vb. to blow nose, to spit the mucus 
 from nose, wj/o ayithin, tiik-nom hin; — 
 a-hin s. blowing or clearing the nose. 
 
 hip or hyip vb. t. to shave, to scrape, 
 hu-nun hyip hu do dum-pdn lyet-lnn . . . 
 he shaved himself and changed his rai- 
 ment Ex.; — hip-bo s. a barber, t'am- 
 cdii myal-Mp-bo a sheep-shearer G.; — 
 hip ban s. a razor or a knife for scraping. 
 
 him (see fi, firn) vb. n. to be foul, as 
 sores, to be putrid, as body, him ri-nom 
 a putrid smell, nyo him a fowl sore. — 
 a-him s. the foetid smell that rises from 
 foul sores. 
 
 hir see hyir. 
 
 hi! or hyil vb. n. to be intimate with, 
 to be entwined together as branches of 
 trees Ml bam or hyil bam; — a-hil adj. 
 entangled. 
 
 hu 1. pron. 3. pers. he, she or it, T. 
 Uo; hii a-yum bo-so he will give you (two) 
 M.; in s. of gen. (without -sd freq.) nim- 
 niin r.-mvm sak ndn-lvn hii. rin sen-ban 
 hu kup for-ka ok sdn . . . God remembered 
 K. and God hearkened to her, and opened 
 her womb; — hUm object. Awm ryu-ld ddk 
 
 nurse him well M. kd-yu-nun hUm 
 U we said unto him G.; Mm non-nun-sd 
 td-gum after he was gone; hH-niln hum 
 ko kat zuk mk byi he made him a coat 
 of many colours G.; — hii-sd of him, 
 h i s, hv-sd on til ndn his horse has fallen 
 M. ; — hii-ka: hii-ka su nun-7ivn-g6 what 
 is the matter with him. M. 144; — M- 
 nin instr. from him, hii-nvn hum nyol-ld 
 nyol-ld mat-sdn hu-ntin lyo he urged him 
 and he took (it) G.; — hii-do himself, 
 herself, itself also hd-do M. Gr. 41. hu-do 
 bot-tun or hii-do aydk-kiin or hii-do fyak- 
 nim of his, her or its own accord; Am- 
 dom or hH-do-miim object.; hH-do-sii gen. 
 (adj.) his, its own; hv-do-lem: ay. hii-do- 
 lem dit dyet si-imn-sd (he) sees J. coming 
 unto him J.; - hii-nyi dual, those two 
 persons or things also hd-nyi M. Gr. 41 ; 
 hH-nyim, hu-nyum object., hii-nyi-sd gen. 
 (adj.) their two; — hu-yu pi. they also 
 hd-yu M. Gr. 41.; hii-yum object.; hH-yu- 
 sd gen. (adj.) their. 
 
 hu 2. vb. to beat in as rain, when 
 blown by the wind hu,-di id. so hii-di. 
 
 hu 3. vb. to covet, a-mik hii to c. a thing. 
 
 hu 4. vb. 1. to blossom and fade as 
 bamboo etc.; a-hii s. the seed of the b. 
 etc. po a-hii.; kd-cer a-hii. 2. to be worm- 
 eaten see under ts'it. 
 
 hu 5. s. a bee (small kind), hii pot iian 
 (bee) to swarm and settle; hu fol dot to 
 take a bee's byke. — 
 
 Comp. M nyi-kmi s. the qiieen-bee; 
 hu fi-kun s. the king-bee; Am tu. s. honey; 
 /m pur s. the entrance into nest; hii. fyu 
 s. a cell; hii, sin- s. a bee's nest, byke; 
 hii hryok an empty comb; hii. lyan a comb 
 with or without honey in. 
 
 hu 6. hH-vid ha.-md nervous timidity, 
 hii-md li vb. to feel nervous t. 
 
 hul(, a-huk s spirit (chi: ci) when be- 
 come sour ci a-huk. 
 
 hun redupl. of hd/i q. v. e. c. hij.n-hdn- 
 Id bare as neck, without ornaments, un- 
 adorned. 
 
 hut vb. to shout, as for joy. 
 
 hun vb. t. feminam subigere; — a-him 
 
hup — huk 
 
 hun— hul 
 
 371 
 
 s. copulation, a-hiin mat vb. to copulate. 
 — hun-lcl quickly? M. 
 
 hup vb. to be sufficient i. q. tak. 
 
 hup s. a sip, a gulp, hup kat. See hap. 
 
 hup {hap, hap) vb. to jump; sd-gor-nun 
 hup i. q. sa-gor-nvn t'cit; a-som-mun hup) 
 i. q. a-lut-tun nan. — a-hiip s. the jumping 
 downwards, a-hup a-hiip non the jumping 
 downwards, a descent by jumping. — td- 
 hiip or tun-hup or tuk-hup or tvk-hdp or 
 tun-hdp s. jumping, ttik-hup tat vb. to 
 jump with feet together. 
 
 hum 1. see ham, a-hdm (pure) under Aa. 
 
 hum 2. vb. to slip, as earth. 
 
 hum 3. object, from hii q. v. 
 
 hum- redupl. of ham q. v. 
 
 hiim-ma see hu-md (hu 6). 
 
 hur, hvr-rd hur-rd agitated, sun-miit 
 hur-rd hur-rd di wind to blow in gusts; 
 hiir-rd hur-rd a-sut tyo to be currently 
 reported; sak hur mind in state of 
 agitation; — hur-ld i. q. hur-rd hur-rd; 
 mi hur-Id dyak to flame up at once; hur- 
 ld pld to come in swarms. 
 
 hu 1., hu hu mat vh. to call to another 
 in jungle as when lost. 
 
 hu '2. hu-m vb. to difl'use forcibly. — 
 a-hum adj. in great quantities so as to 
 become a nuisance; in abundance, much 
 (used iu a bad sense), pd-hu a-hum di 
 disease is very prevalent. — pd-hu adj. 
 "prevalent" "epidemic" as disease; name 
 of evil spirit: pd-hu mun, he spreads 
 disease about him: pd-hu pd-nyi id., 
 pd-hu pd-no id. "king" p.; mak pd-hu a 
 mortal epidemic; —pd-hu bO, s. name of 
 spec, of snake. 
 
 hu 3. vb. t. to hang up, hu fo id,, tuk- 
 tok hu to hang over ueck, tuk-pun-kahu 
 bu vb. to hang over shoulder i. q. bol, 
 dUrni hu to vb. to hang up clothes. 
 
 hu 4., a-hil s. grain when light aud bad 
 ?o a-hu ham. 
 
 hu ya exclamation of pain or fatigue. 
 
 huk vb. n. to be caught, entangled, no 
 huk-non the fish is caught on hook; rnuk- 
 kun huk to get entangled or caught by 
 bushwood; — huk-set s. a hook for hanging 
 
 thiugs on. — a-huk s. 1. a rake (garden) 
 a-huk mat vb. to rake. 2. breaking open 
 or cracking as a nut or pod of peas. — 
 huk jii s. a thorny plant. 
 
 hun 1., a-hun s. 1. young bamboo that 
 is brought for food, when by being kept 
 it rots is called po-ruk a-hun; 2. a basket 
 or box etc., the bottom of which is rotten 
 and broken tun-gryon a-hun, ram a-hun. 
 See hon. 
 
 hun 2. s. the noise of the barking-deer 
 sd-kd hurt. 
 
 hut vb. t. to scratch as body or earth; 
 
 — a-hut s. 1. scratching 2. a rake. See 
 huk. 
 
 hun ]. vb. n. to trip, hmi-lu/l tydl vb. to 
 trip and fall. 
 
 hun 2., hun-nd hun-nd or/m?j-^apowerful 
 as smell, in clouds as smoke; a-ri hun- 
 nd hun-nd non nom a very powerful smell 
 coming in whiffs; a-ri hun-ld nom a very 
 powerful smell coming at once or per- 
 manent. 
 
 hup vb. to sip, to suck in with noise; 
 
 — a-hup s. sipping, a-hup ton vb. to 
 sip, tak-tdk a-hup ton. See h&p. 
 
 hum 1. vb. to beg pardon, to be 
 penitent, to excuse, hum mat vb. to make 
 excuse. 
 
 hum 2. see hu 1. 
 
 hum 3. vb. to follow after, hum-lUn 16m 
 ddk-bo-o'em hum to follow after sick man 
 to help him; — hum- bo who follows, 
 after or in a company, who comes last. 
 
 hum-mii hum-ma i. q. hH-md see hH 6. 
 
 hur s. a spec, of knife, used by women, 
 ban hur or hur ban s. a sickle, see nd-U. 
 
 *hur-do and wur-do T. 'ur-rdo s. a sling, 
 hur-do vu/i vb. to swing sling', hur-do 
 dydn to let fly with sling, i q. hur-do 
 vun-lUn tyok. 
 
 hul 1. vb. to curve, to form circle hul 
 nyon; to curl, hul da nyi to lie curled 
 up; adjly. circular as a hoop, hul nan 
 to hang down in festoons, 16m hul a 
 circular road, un hul n. pr. of a river; 
 
 — Kedupl. hal-ld hul-ld in windings, un 
 hal-ld hul-ld n6n. — a-hul s. a round 
 
372 
 
 hul— hor 
 
 hor— hdn 
 
 link, a coil. — num-hul-mo or tuk-sim 
 hul-bo a dog Tbr. (from curled tail). 
 See hoi. 
 
 hul 2. vb. t. to head, to drive as sheep. 
 (ho), a-ho s. a description of earthen 
 cooking-vessel a-ho fyii. 
 
 ho ho excl. excellent! well! capital! 
 hurrah I 
 
 hok vb. t. to shell, to husk, to scoop 
 out, to take out with ladle; to make a 
 net; — a-hok s. the commencement in 
 making a net sim-li {a-~)hok. — pd-hok 
 s. a kind of loose dress, a shirt, pd-hok 
 dum. 
 
 hon see hdn vb. n. to be hollow, as eye, 
 as voice, to fall in, as earth, bridge, flour, 
 to be broken as bottle, mik hon 1. eye- 
 socket ; 2. Tbr. for Zwm (the people of India); 
 Reduplic. hun-hon-ld hollow as eyes when 
 person is emaciated; nyiim hon voice to 
 fade. — vb. t. hon and hon said of the 
 clearing of bush or jungle by women 
 nyot hon, to root out as weeds, fd-gri kun 
 cek-ba td-ciyu muk hon while the males fell 
 the trees, the females clear the bushwood. 
 — a-hon s. the clearing of the bush- 
 jungle by women (for a cultivation) after 
 the trees have been cut down nyot a-hon. 
 See horn. 
 
 hop vb to be broken as head, hik ti 
 hop non the egg is broken, a-t'yak hop 
 ndn his head is broken. 
 
 hop, a-hop s. a hollow depression, a 
 slight declivity, kum-hydr hop see kum- 
 hydr 1. and horn 2. 
 
 pd-hop s. a shovel, mi pd-hop a fire- 
 shovel. 
 
 horn ] . i. q. hon q. V. hom-bo and reduplic. 
 kun-hom-bo adj. sunk as eyes, fallen in 
 (as earth). 
 
 hom 2. the nape of neck: kum-hydr horn. 
 
 hor 1. vb. to wrap, encircle one's self 
 in clothes, md-hor-ne not to encircle one, 
 to be insufficient for it. 
 
 hor 2. hollow, as ground, reduplic. kd- 
 hor or kd-hor-bo adj. hollowed out, ex- 
 cavated, scooped out, kd-hor la-de a deep 
 plate. 
 
 hor 3. vb. t. to fetch back as man or 
 animal; to recall; to clasp; to enclose 
 between arms or hands; — a-hor s. the 
 turning any animal etc. in a different 
 direction to which it is going; un dd hor 
 see under un; — hor-ldt s. : a-liit-sdhor- 
 Idt s. reformation. 
 
 *hor, hor sok T. hor and sog-po s. L. 
 in sense ot brigands and robbers, 
 lyan hor sok md-ti-ne where no brigands 
 and robbers will enter. 
 
 hoi 1. vb. 1. to cuddle young, to lie with 
 young close about one, applicable to 
 human or animals; 2. to be abundant as 
 crops. 
 
 hol 2. kd-hol-ld i. q. kd-hal-ld low 
 (country). 
 
 hd 1. pron. 2. pers. thou T. Eyed, Hyod 
 see a; ho bam-nyi-wiin-d are you at home, 
 ho su go go m go mat vb. to get to high 
 words; — ho-nun in strum, ho-nvn kd-yu 
 ayen-rem kd-yu dyep-ka klon gdn kd-yu- 
 nun cul-ld non-lun a-do kor-ka a-zom par- 
 so if thou wilt send our brother with us, 
 we will go down and buy thee food G. 
 ho-nun go a-dom go ydn yd thou knowest 
 that I love thee J.; — Iw-mum object.; 
 ho-ka dat. a-do sd-ar luk a-do bik-pdti m 
 hd-ka sd-re nyi-wun-pdn gun-nd thy flocks 
 and thy herds, and all that thou hast G. 
 — ho-sd gen. adjly. thine, your; — ho-do 
 thou, thyself, is usually used when it is 
 required to give particular emphasis to 
 the person, ho do gum it is thou thyself, 
 thou art the very person M. 41 see a-do, 
 ho-nyi dual, and ho-yu pi. rarely and in- 
 elegantly for a-nyi and a-yu. 
 
 hd 2. dull, melancholy, fd-vi kun-kyan- 
 Id ho non, sak ho. 
 
 (hdk,) a-hdk s. the shaking anything 
 out (as from a bottle). 
 
 hdn 2. vb. t. to scrape out as with 
 stick, to scoop out; — a-hdn s. the scraping 
 a thing from out of the fire or hot ashes, 
 after it is cooked buk a-hon. 
 
 hon 2. vb. n. to be spacious, not to be 
 filled with, to be void, empty, hollow, 
 fyu tim-bo-ka a-z&rn cu kup nan-ba hon 
 
hdn— hyari 
 
 hyat— hyam 
 
 373 
 
 a large cooking -vessel is too spacious 
 for a little food; krit ddk-lun td-bdk hou 
 bam to be very hungry; — reduplic. luiu- 
 hoH-ld concave, also open as doorway, 
 box without lid; — kmi-hon-ld open so 
 as able to be seen into, as room with 
 door open, box with lid open etc. hollow, 
 void; — tvH-hon s. 1. a hole, 2. a pit; 
 — pd-hoH or puvi-hon or pun-hon s. a 
 crevice, a pit, hum sot-lun pd-h&ii kat-ka 
 dydn-bdn . . . (let us) slay him and cast 
 him into some pit G. ; fd-hoh len s. the 
 side or edge of a hole; pd-hon blydn vY). 
 to fill up a hole; pd-hon blydn-ld Ian vb. 
 to fill and smooth up hole; pd-ho/i. du 
 vb. to dig a hole;yz( pd-hdn a subterranean 
 cell fenced with thorns T. sa-la don brus 
 t>'er-mdi stan gos spras P. 
 
 hdn 3. hdn hoh vb. to be undecided? M. 
 
 (hdn 4,) pa-hdn i. q. kd-sinn hoh s. Rubus 
 sikimensis. (red raspberry). 
 
 (hdn,) num-hdn s. a wave, gyam-Uo-sd n. 
 h. the waves of the sea. 
 
 hdm vb. to gape, to yawn; — a-hom s. 
 yawning. 
 
 hdr 1. 1. s. phlegm. — 2. vb. t. to 
 hinder, to impede as a person who is 
 busy, a-kup-fun a-mo-rem hvr i. q. dyok 
 zuk md-kon-ne. — a-hor adj. troublesome, 
 on a-hor a troublesome child. 
 
 hdr 2. see pd-hor, kd-hor. 
 
 hdl 1. vb. t. to push, to push away, 
 hoi nyon or hoi dydn vb. t. to roll away 
 as tree; — a-hol s. the waving away any- 
 thing with the back of hand, the pushing 
 away anything with the back of hand. 
 
 hdl 2. hol-ld in steams, vapours, hol-ld 
 pld to pour out as steam from food, 
 breath from mouth in cold weather, to 
 issue in steams and vapours. 
 
 hyak, hydk-kd hydk-kd pointed, sharp- 
 ])ointed, as pin etc.; pd-hydk-ld id. i, q. 
 la-tom-bo. 
 
 hyan vb. n. [T. Kyags-pa] to be cold, 
 adj. cold M. 30; uh hyd/i cold water; go 
 hydn non 1 am cold; — adv. cooly, hydii- 
 Id dyok zuk to take work cooly; — quiet, 
 at rest, hydn mat nan vb. to sit quiet, 
 
 hydi'i mat han-nd-o remain quiet or wait; 
 bik hydn mat t'o let the cow remain at 
 peace without killing it; li-ka hydn mat 
 bam to remain quietly at home; - See 
 under a-lut. — a-hydn adj. cold, a-hydii- 
 re-ka in the cold. 
 
 hyat and hydt 1. vb. t. to make long 
 and thin, see under ru and ma-ra; to 
 fine, to finish off a thing; — hydt-td hydt- 
 td: td-bdk hydt-td hydt-td U vb. to be 
 very hungry; — pd-hydt long and narrow 
 a-mlem pd-hydt a long thin face. 
 
 hyat 2. vb. t. to Imrt a sore by touch 
 etc.; vb. n. to have sore or boil burst 
 or bruised, fryen hydt to have a boil 
 burst by striking it against any thing; — 
 met. sak hydt vb. to provoke one's desires. 
 
 hyan or hyan vb. t. to hang up, to sus- 
 pend, hydn to vb. t. to hang up, to sus- 
 pend as round neck, hydn sot vb. to hang 
 a person t'ik hydn sot; hydn U s. a hook 
 to hang things on; — met. to defer, to 
 put off, to shilly shally, to suspend as 
 judgment; — a-hydn adj. hanging, sus- 
 pended, a-hydn lyan a place for hanging. 
 Cfr. T. 'pyan-ba. 
 
 hyap cans, of hdp q. v. 
 
 hyam, 1. (cfr. T. llram-piC), hydiii hydm 
 slowly and noiselessly, hydin hydw, 16m 
 id dyok hydm hydm zuk vb. to do work 
 quietly without noise; hydm hydm nan 
 vb. to sit quietly. 
 
 hyam 2. see hymn. 
 
 hyar see hyer. 
 
 hyal cans, of Jial q. v. 
 
 hyak vb. to joiu' by links, Iiyak' fom-bo 
 linked together. — a-hy((k adj. hooked 
 together or joined together by rings (as 
 a chain), a-hyak fom-bo id. 
 
 hyam 1. vb. to fast, hyam-luh krit-tun 
 mak-non-ne to die of hunger from long 
 fasting. — a-hyam s. fasting, a-hyam mat 
 vb. to go without food, to fast. 
 
 hyam 2. vb. to sheathe; — a-hyam s. 1. 
 a sheath J.; 2. the place where fish lie 
 as under stone, a-hyam-ka tap vb. to put 
 into a sheath; a-hyam-nun dot vb. to 
 unsheathe; no hyam s. a fish-hole. 
 
374 
 
 hyar— hyu 
 
 hyur— hyo 
 
 hyar 1. onom. noise made by sd-ryok. 
 
 hyar 2. a-hyar adj. young, tender, said 
 of babies so young that they cannot walk 
 or turn; (potatoes or yams) very young 
 but mealy. 
 
 hyal i. q. hyol q. v. 
 
 hyit s. the ohange after death of the 
 shade of man to an immortal spirit M.; 
 hyit zuk de zuk the opperations and 
 offerings performed by mun or by boh-tin 
 for the effectual transformation of a-pil 
 into liyit. 
 
 hyit see hyut. 
 
 hyin see hin. 
 
 hyip 1. see hip. 
 
 hyip vb. n. 1. to be one-eyed; 2. to be 
 a little cracked or broken as egg. 
 
 hyim s. a large hoe. 
 
 hyir vb. n. to become red, to be red; 
 - a-hyir adj. red; — tam-hyir "a red 
 tiling", a lama Tbr. 
 
 hyu vb. to join together as metal, two 
 pieces of iron so as to leave no mark. — 
 
 a-hyu adj. pure (as silver), s. the 
 simple article without its adjunct e. c. 
 ryUrn a-hyu the simple needle without 
 its thread, sa-kon a-hyu the earring with- 
 out its coral, kd-kyup a-hyu the simple 
 ring without the stone, also the thing it- 
 self as kom a-hyii, the money itself, cash, 
 zo a-hyu vice. — a-hyut joined together; 
 pure as silver. 
 
 hyup (cans, of hap q. v.) vb. t. to shut 
 all round, to close, a-bon hyup bH vb. to 
 keep mouth shut, see under mw/j-«/M/i 2.; 
 — vb. n. to be connected on, together 
 on every side, to be healed, md hyiip the 
 wound is healed (closed); to finish; li 
 hyiip the house is finished. 
 
 hyiim, hyum-ma hyum-md glowing heat, 
 as coals, applied also to the body; mi 
 hyimi-md hyum-md zu da to glow with 
 heat as coals; md-zu-ka hyum-md hyum-- 
 md li vb. to glow with heat, as body from 
 exercise or fear or ferer. 
 
 hyu vb. to become imbecile, childish, 
 as old man; — hyu hyu s. feebleness, in- 
 capacity; — hyu Idt s. dotage; — sd-hyu 
 
 adjly. bad, superficial, as work; stunted 
 sd-hyu nun to be stunted in growth. 
 
 hyur: un hyur to form a cup of any- 
 thing as leaves and drink; — pd-hyur or 
 piin-hyur s. a cup formed from a leaf or 
 leaves etc., an improvised cup. See fyur. 
 
 hyul vb. t. to swallow; hyul nyon vb. 
 t. to swallow down; md-fom-nd mat hyul 
 vb. to swallow without masticating; kyii.l- 
 Id kyol-ld hyul to swallow down whole; 
 — vb. n. to be eclipsed, to be hidden 
 kat kat liit-ka bu hyul bu bam pu td-luk 
 hyul bam pu md-fyak-ne what is hidden 
 in another man's heart no one knows. 
 
 hyek vb. to husk, to shell, as peas, to 
 husk as birds do grain; — a-hyek s. the 
 breaking anything with the fingers. 
 
 hyen vb. n. to come off as handle of 
 knife etc., see prit; — vb. t. to pull, to 
 tear off. 
 
 hyen see hin. 
 
 hyep vb. t. 1. to fan, mi hyep to fan 
 the fire with bellow; met. a-mlem sd-lek 
 hyep to be flashed from drink; — hyep- 
 sum-bo s. a fan. — 2. to smash, see 
 under mik. 
 
 hyem, a-hyem s. a hollow or low-bridged 
 nose. 
 
 hyer 1. vb. to cling to, see hyar; a- 
 kup-pun a-mo hyer i. q. md-lyot-ne. 
 
 hyer 2. all, every?, hyer md-nyin-ne 
 there is none at all M. 
 
 hyer 3. vb. n. to be hungry, td-bdk hyer 
 hyer li. 
 
 hyel vb. n. to pour from one vessel to 
 another as a; — to slip, as loop or 
 noose; — to be smooth, see rd-lut; hyel- 
 Id hyel-ld advly. smooth; hyel hyel-bo a 
 smooth man in opp. to myal q. v. ; — to 
 be open, as ground, to be soft hyel-ld 
 hyel-ld lin-nd lin-nd lovi vb. to walk 
 softly. 
 
 hyo 1., a-hyo s. 1. the flesh between 
 joints of fingers a-kdjdm hyo; — 2. slime 
 of snail; — 3. the resinous sap that ex- 
 cedes from trees, gum. - a-kydt hyo mat 
 to live at ease. 
 
 hyo 2., hyo hyo adv. hesitating, shilly 
 
hyon— hydk 
 
 hydn— lirat 
 
 375 
 
 shallying; hyo hyo mat vb. to hesitate, 
 shilly shally; — sd-hyo i. q. hyo hyo. 
 
 hyon, hyon-nd the cracldngof earth, wall, 
 skin etc., hyon-nd dek vb. to crack as 
 earth, wall etc. 
 
 hyon, hyon hyon vibrating, shaking. 
 
 hyop along with, on side of, pd-no-t'd 
 hyop-lun dyu vb. to fight on side of king, 
 md-rd-sd hyop-h"/n kd-su ten li vb. to take ' 
 the part of another against me; pan hyop 
 master and servant (accompaniment); — 
 a-hyop s. a companion; — two words of 
 the same meaning, a synonyme; — a 
 joining (as of metals together). 
 
 (hyor 1.) ticm-hyor adj. white (fowl). 
 
 hyor 2., hyor-rd hyor-rd a bubbling, 
 rumbling, un hyor-rd hyor-rd tsu water 
 to bubble up when boiling; td-kli hyor- 
 rd hyor li to have croaking of the bowels. 
 
 hyol 1. vb. to mix together, to have 
 intercourse; ■ to be entangled, as net, 
 string; — a-hyol s. the collection of 
 different animals together, a drove of 
 different animals; a mongrel or mixed 
 breed (of men not of animals). 
 
 hyol 2. i. q. hyul Ex. 42, 7. 
 
 hyol 3, hyil-ld hyol-ld the breaking or 
 cracking of skin, as from dryness, hyil- 
 ld hyol-ld dek to have skin break. See 
 hyon. 
 
 hydk vb. to cross over as mountain, 
 river, to pass by, m. tmn-bo-sdii hyok-ha 
 there passed by M. merchantmen G.; 
 hyok uydt to have crossed or passed any 
 place; hyok di non to have crossed or 
 made progress, as in distance, also as in 
 book; — to transgress, as law, ko hydk- 
 kuii contrary to orders; — to have passed 
 (as new moon); — to Jiave intercourse 
 with, hyok lorn vb. to intercourse, md-ro 
 lya/i hyok vb. to have intercourse with 
 anyone ; — to intermarry, rdn-sd fson hyok 
 the Limbus intermarry with the Lepchas; 
 bri hyok vb. to intermarry. — a-hyok s. 
 1. the intermarriage of different races, a- 
 hydk mat vb. to contract affinity with 
 different nations; a-hyok a-hil 16m s. the 
 intercourse of connexions; 2. thepassover 
 
 Ex. 12. II; a-hyok tam-bo easterday J. 9, 2. 
 — hydk Urn s. intercourse. 
 
 hydn, 1. a-hydii adj. undecided, un- 
 settled in purpose, md-ro a-hyon an un- 
 settled person. 
 
 hydn, 2 hydn hydn applied to stiffness 
 or pains in tlie loins; a-can hydn hyon 
 dak to have pain in the loins; kun a-ttm 
 tsun-ha a-caii hyon hyon ddk by lifting 
 heavy trees to have pain in the loins. 
 
 (hydn 3.), han hydn: hdn hyon-nd dek 
 vb. n. to be broken in various places. 
 
 (hydii 4.), pa-hydn-bo pointed, tapering, 
 more abruptly tapering than pd-hydk-ld. 
 
 hydn 1. vb. to see, to preceive M. 
 
 hydn 2., hydn-na hydn-na said of water 
 when rough as with waves; un hyon-nd 
 hyon-nd di to be rough with waves. 
 
 hydm 1. vb. n. to sink in, as earth, 
 belly, when empty etc., hydm ndn to sink 
 downwards as flour in milk etc. ; hydm-md 
 sap vb. to get gradually lower as water 
 when drying up; td-bdk hydm-md ndn the 
 belly to sink in; hyom-md mdk to be 
 gradually used as rice or anything in 
 box which gradually sinks as it is ex- 
 pended. 
 
 hydm 2. vb. to gasp as fish out of water 
 or dying person. 
 
 hydl vb. to be lazy, hydl-ld hydl Idm 
 vb. to walk lazily. — a-hydl adj. slow, 
 tardy, inactive. 
 
 *hra ndk T. hrd ndk sdm pal some 
 ceremony in the driving away evil 
 spirits M. 
 
 hrak vb. to shake as cloth, garment, 
 see rdk. 
 
 hrak see kd hrak (elevating in hands). 
 
 hran (deeply affected see a-lvt'), pd- 
 hrdn-ld wretched, miserable (as person), 
 destroyed, dilapidated (as thing), dreary 
 (as country). 
 
 hrat 1. vb. n. to be salubrious, whole- 
 some, healthy, good for (place etc.); to 
 agree witli as food. 
 
 hrit 2. vb t. to gnaw as head of Indian 
 corn, bone etc. 
 
 hrat (also hrat see hrit), a-hrat s. a 
 
376 
 
 hram — *hrf 
 
 *hri — *hrim 
 
 bone; the skeleton of venison or beast; 
 a-Jirdt lyan-ka pld the bone is out 
 of joint; a-hrut gal-non the bone is 
 broken; — met. family lUi kd-yu dyen 
 kd-yu cok hrdt dyiim-ha he is our brother 
 and our flesh G. ; a-hrdt a-gyit, or a-hrdt 
 zoii s. the male branch of a family; — 
 perseverance e. c. proverbially: a-lut-ka 
 a-hrdt (ik gdn sd-go sd-nii Id rom fat 
 perseverance will effect anything; a-hU- 
 ka a-hrdt md-fik-tid gdn hik kiip Id sot 
 md-Mn-ne without perseverance nothing 
 can be done ("you cannot kill a chicken") 
 a-hrdt fik-ld ciyok mat vb. to work hard 
 and perseveringly. 
 
 hram see vya/'t hrdm (vb. to putrify). 
 
 hra vb. t. to tear as cloth, paper, hii- 
 nun hii-do (linn-pdn hra-lun he rent his 
 clothes G.; myil-ld hra to pull down. 
 Cfr. T. hral-ba. 
 
 *hra mik T. dra mig s 1. a lattice, a 
 grate, /«■« mik-sd vyen a. a latticed window. 
 — 2. a part of the stomach of ruminating 
 animals. 
 
 (hrak 1.) pa-hrak-bo adj. interlaced with 
 holes, kuA pd-Iirak-bo lattice-work. 
 
 (hrak 2.) 1. hrak-ka hrak-ka rattling sound, 
 Itrak-kd hrak-kd grik rattling sound, hrak- 
 kd hrak-kd nyon vb. to rattle. 2. See hrok. 
 
 (hran 1.) pa-hran-la cellular, full of holes, 
 reticulated See hrak 1. 
 
 (hran 2.) tuii-hran (incorr.): tun-hran hri 
 s. a chair see tvh-krah under kraii. 
 
 hran hri i. q. ttin-hran. 
 
 hrat 1. (bone) i. q hrdti. 
 
 hrat 2. vb.n.tobe watery, insipid(food)M. 
 
 hrap vb. t. to sew, ko-re rnd-hrap-tiiin 
 a-ton-nun /fak-kd tok tom-bo gihn the coat 
 was without seam, woven from the top 
 throughout. J. — a-hrap s. a stitch, a 
 sewing. 
 
 hram vb. t. to dance a baby, also to 
 weigh any thing in hand. 
 
 hral see hrol. 
 
 *hrf 1. T. /,ri s. a bed, a couch, a 
 chair, a-do hri tsun-lu/i lom-md take up 
 thy bed, and walk J.; pd-no hri s. lion, 
 the throne, jti hri id. 
 
 *hri 2. T. Icri num. tenthousend M. 
 
 *hri 3. T. Mris s. peace, amity, hi-i-sd 
 Ka-tiiiik a condition of peace; hri-sd rirt 
 li to speak words of peace; hri-sd I6m 
 nydn to grant peace; hri gram ndn the 
 peace is broken hri md-rik-ne; hri cdm 
 to be at peace; hri mat vb. to make 
 peace, a-byek-ka hri mat to make peace 
 between disputants; hrizuk'\.(\. hri mat; 
 hri zuk-ydm-bo s. a peace-maker; hri ul 
 vb. to wish for peace. 
 
 *hri-bo 1. T. dril-bu s. a bell. 
 
 *hri-bo 2., T. hril-po (round)? td-bdk 
 hri-bo nyi M. 
 
 hrik 1. vb. t. to tear, to rend, a-re-ka 
 ma-hrik-nd ka let us not rend it. J. ; — 
 hrik bii yu vb. to break forth, ho su lirik 
 I'lyii-wungo howhast thou broken forth ?G. 
 
 *hrik 2. T. sgrigi^-jja) (to put in order, 
 to arrange): hrik hrik or hrik-ld adv. 
 accurately, exactly, precisely, fixedly; Id- 
 vo sam hrik hrik exactly three moiiths; 
 hrik-ld mat vb t. to do or make accura- 
 tely; hrik hrik m,d-bam-ne not to remain 
 in one place; hO, rin-ka hrik hrik md-nyin- 
 ne there is no certainty in what he says. 
 — hrak-kd hrik-kd adv. promptly, readily, 
 hrak-kd hrik-kd li vb. to speak promptly 
 not prosily. — hrik-pdn s. seems to mean 
 a reformer. M. 
 
 htft 1. vb. to hire, to rent. M. 
 
 *hrit 2. T. 'Urid vb. to go before, to 
 precede, to lead, to conduct, liik a-tyil- 
 pd/i-ku plyd-bdn hd-yu nd-han hrit ndn 
 bam when he putteth forth his own sheep, 
 he goes before them J.; — hrit-bo s. a 
 predecessor. 
 
 hrit 3. cfr. krat vb. t. to comb; see 
 under tsom; s. a comb M. 144. — 
 
 (hrit) 4. a-hrit s. the bone of the hand 
 a-kd a-hrit. See hrdt, hrat. 
 
 hrip hrip tet for a moment? M. 
 
 *hrim, also hryim, hryum T. Erims s. law, 
 rule, regulation, legislation, justice, custom, 
 fashion, usual mode, lyan hryijm the laws 
 of a country; lirivi dyok md-yd-ne not to 
 know the mode of doing any particular 
 thing; hrim-ka da or hrim-ka nan vb. to 
 
hrfl — hruk 
 
 'hruk— (hrdk) 
 
 377 
 
 be subject to regulation, also to be 
 under condemnatiou, also to be suffer- 
 ing punishment; hrim-ka mydn vb. 
 to be accustomed to magistral duties; 
 hrim-ka t^'ut vb. n. to be submissive to 
 laws, hrim-ka md-tsiit-ne to be lawless; 
 hrim-ka Ion away with him to punishment; 
 hrim-sd tuk-po hlok vb. to transgress law; 
 hrim kyop vb. to punish; — hrim cet or 
 sem vb. to judge, to try; hrim md-td-ne 
 not to submit to punishment, discipline; 
 hrim md-h-nd mat sam-hrdn zuk vb. to 
 set at defiance the law; hrim mat i. q. 
 Iir. kydp; hrim tsdk vb. to institute or 
 establish laws; hrim tsuTn vb. to maintain 
 or uphold laws, hrim zdk vb. to condemn 
 or be condemned. — Comp. hrim, dun or 
 hrim so s. a court of justice; — hrim pan 
 s. a judge i. q. hrim-sum-bo ; — hrim yuk 
 s. criminal code. 
 
 hrfl vb. t. to rip up, to embowel, td- 
 kli hril to embowel; un hril ndn the 
 water has cut its way; hril-bam-bo adj. 
 rapid as water, unfordable, opposed to 
 hryot q. v. — a-hril s. a cut channel for 
 water, kyon hril s. a water- channel. — 
 met. high-sounding language, bombast. 
 
 hrun- reduplication of hryon p v. 
 
 hruii vb. to snatch, to pull with a jerk. 
 
 (hrun) pa-hruii s. a purse, money-bag; 
 — fd-hrUn rip s. a yellow flower. M. 
 
 hrup vb. to pick up, to gather, as fuel 
 etc., or as fowls grain. 
 
 brum, a-hrum adj. speedily, hastily, 
 quickly, a-hrUm uyok mat to do anything 
 with speed. 
 
 hru 1. vb. to be hot, miik-nyam a-fUk- 
 sd lyan-ka hru-sen because it is hot in 
 a place of another hell P. — a-hrun s. 
 heat, hrun ddk s. a violent or burning 
 pain, un hrun hot water, mi hrun heat 
 of fire. — a-hrum adj. hot, a-hrum re s. 
 the heat, a-hrum mat vb. to make hot. 
 
 *hru 2. for T. Ii'ru(-ba) s. a washing, 
 cleansing; hru, bum s. a font, a sacred 
 vessel. 
 
 hruk 1. vb. t. 1. to turn wood; hruk- 
 pdn a. a turner; fdt hruk Idn s. a potter's 
 
 wheel, hruk zo s. a lathe; 2. to poke stick 
 into hole. 
 
 *hruk 2. T. 'Krug vb. to dispute, to get 
 into disorder; a-nyor-ka hruk to be tired 
 of hearing; see under non 4., t^dm. 
 
 *hrun T. }crun(-ba) vb. n. to be reborn 
 with remembrance of former life; pd- 
 no hrun s. rebirth of king. 
 
 (hrun,) kd-hrun s. a crooked iron for 
 rooting up weeds. 
 
 hrun see hru 1. 
 
 hrum see hru 1. 
 
 hrul, hral-la hrul-la see hrok 2., hral-ld 
 hrul-ld dyok mat i. q. hrak-ka hrok-kd 
 dyok mat. 
 
 *hre 1. T. bres see on-hre. 
 
 *hre 2. T. Kro(^-bo^ see gon-hre. 
 
 *hro 1. id. q. *hre 2. s. wrath, anger, 
 a-do hro plyd-lun . . . thou sentest forth 
 thy wrath Ex. 
 
 *hro 2. T. 'pro(-bd) come here, come 
 up here. M. 
 
 hrok 1. spec, of vyii-m, Vitis repanda. 
 
 hrok, 2. onom. cfr. T. 'Krog^-pa) hrak- 
 kd hrok-kd with a rumbling sound, td-kli 
 hrak-kd hrok-kd li the bowels to yearn; 
 also said of work: badly performed hrak- 
 kd hrok-kd dyok mat. 
 
 hroii, hrini-hroh-ld or hruh-hran-ld adv. 
 slackly, loosely, hriin-hroii-ld dam to vb. 
 to bind slackly. See hryon. 
 
 hrop, a-hrop s. the nasal-bone, tHk-nom 
 hrop id., see nd hrop (190 B s. v. no). 
 
 *hrom s. T. Krom s. a bazar, a city. 
 
 hrol, hral-ld hrol unsettled, hral-ld hrol 
 mat vb. to be wavering, unsettled. 
 
 *hr(5 1. T. li-ra s. a hawk. M. 
 
 *hr6 2 T. 'praU s. intermedium, dia- 
 phragm. M. 
 
 hrd 3 vb. n. to be sour: ci hro non i. q. 
 rok non q. v. 
 
 *hr(5 4. T. "pra adjly. valuable, jewelled, 
 sa-kon hro. 
 
 hrd 5. s. a net, spread to catch birds, 
 hrd tsdk vb. to catch birds by hro, to spread 
 out h., also to stop or catch enemy or 
 thief by ambush or trap. 
 
 (hrdk 1.) pa-hrdk-la i. q. pd-brdt-ld thin, 
 
 24* 
 
378 
 
 ^hrdk— liryak 
 
 skinny (as person), bare (as tree), barren 
 as place. 
 
 *hr6k 2. num. T. Jcrag: hrok hrik hat 
 T. Krag Krig one hundred thousand 
 million M. 
 *hrdk 3. T. frag see dun-hrdk. 
 *hr6k 4. fr. T. 'progi-pa)? vb. to re- 
 cover, M. Gr. 144. 
 
 *hrdk 5. T. Urag L. vi q. v. *hr6k to 
 T. Krag "don(-pa) to bleed a person. 
 
 hr6n 1. hrdn vb. to come up, to rise 
 up, md-rd gun-nd nd hit dyep-ka hrdn 
 they went up with him G. affixed ex- 
 presses upwards as fyot hrdn to fly up- 
 wards as bird, hryan hrdn to lengthen 
 upwards, pld hrdn to go upwards, tvk- 
 nydm-pdn mi-zdr lyan om-ka pld hrdn-lun 
 .... the locusts went up over all the 
 land of Egypt; — a-lut-ka hrdn sut see 
 under a-lut. — 
 
 Caus. hrydn to give upwards, as to give 
 anything to a person in a higher position, 
 to cause to rise, hikn kldn hrydn send him 
 up here, pd-hdn-nun tal-ld hrya hrydn- 
 lun (they) drew and lifted up (J.) out of 
 the pit G. ; hrydn tsun to sprout up 
 suddenly, said of youth, num-lyen hryon 
 tsun dydt a young girl to sprout up 
 suddenly. 
 
 (hrdn 2.), pa-hrdn-la i. q. pd-hran-ld 
 cellular, full of holes. 
 
 (hrdt), pun-hrdt s. a fork, forked wood 
 etc., centre of top of post to admit of 
 another post resting iu it, thus j~'-'''|- 
 
 hrdp 1. s. 1 a float-net in fishing; 
 2. a frame suspended over fire upon which 
 things are laid to smoke or dry; also 
 pun-hrdp; 3. the stretchers of umbrella. 
 
 *hrdp 2. T. krab s. armour, hrdp myal 
 s. id. 
 
 hrdl 1. s. a mountain-stream, or torrent, 
 un hrdl. 
 
 (hrdl 2.), hral-ld hrdl-ld large, hral-ld 
 hrdl-ld pi vb. to write a large hand. 
 
 (hrya), a-hrya s. a mistake, error, blunder; 
 a forgetfulness. 
 
 hryak or hrydk vb. t. to burn, to set on 
 fire, see mi mo; to singe (as hair). — 
 
 hryak— hryak 
 
 a-hrydk or a-hrydk s. a burning, nydt a- 
 hrydk s. a burning of cultivation. 
 
 hryak nan or hrydk-nan s. midnight M. 
 
 hryan vb. t. to place cross-ways, said 
 only of thin things pd-tin hrydn. 
 
 hryaii, a-hryan s. said of a young man 
 (or animal) when growing out md-rd a- 
 hrydn tsdn See hrydti sub hrdn. 
 
 hryat vb. t. to shake or dash off as 
 anything adhering to hand; a-fyak hrydt 
 to shake the head ; — hrydt-td or sd-hrydt- 
 td or sd-hrydt dashing away, throwing off, 
 sd-hrydt si vb. to throw off sleep, to 
 awake suddenly; see under mik. 
 
 hryan s. length, distance, lun hrydn 
 hrdn a tree to sprout upwards; hrydn byi 
 vb. to lengthen; A/;i/a« wo very long, Idm 
 hrydn wo a long way; — a-hrydn adj. 
 tall, long. 
 
 hryap s. the length of anything, hrydp- 
 Idt or -M or -tset s. ditto. 
 
 hryap see hryap. 
 
 hrydm vb. n. to move gently, silently, 
 hrydm-ld Idm to walk silently. 
 
 hryam vb. to stand on tip of toe, to rise. 
 
 hryal vb. t. to break the joining or 
 partition of anything. — a-hrydl s. the 
 breaking of the interior division of a 
 bamboo to make a water-vessel etc. pd- 
 dam a-hrydl. 
 
 hrya vb. to pull, to drag, kd-sHm kldn- 
 bo a-bo-ren md-hrya-nd gdn to Id kd-sii. 
 lyan-ka lat md-Jciin-ne no man can come 
 to me, except the father which has sent 
 me draw him J.; ho-pdn gyap ren o-re- 
 rem hrya md-Uun-ne they were not able 
 to draw it for the multitude of fishes J. 
 — a-hrya s. a puUiirg or tightening, 
 san-rik a-hrya. 
 
 hryak 1. said of honey-comb, when both 
 the young bees and honey are in it; to 
 be abundant? M. 
 
 hryak 2.: ta-hryak s. an eye of belt, a 
 ring, the ringed handle of anything, sdn 
 fyu. td-hryak-nyim-bo a copper-cooking- 
 vessel with a ringed handle ; — td-hryak 
 bu s. a spec, of Myriapoda; kd-hryak 
 s. a chain. 
 
hpyak— hryun 
 
 hryup— hryep 
 
 379 
 
 hryak 3., hrak-ka hryak more correctly 
 tdk-kd hryak promptly, hrdk-kd hryak bo 
 vb. to give promptly, hrdk-kd zuk vb. to 
 do work promptly. 
 
 hryak kun-hru s. a name of plant M. 
 hik sut rip (a-gyit). 
 
 hryat see hrydt. 
 
 hryat, a-hryat s. the collar-bone, bone 
 a-hryat a-mdt ti pa of noble race. See 
 hrdt. 
 
 hryap 1. vb. to be wormeaten; hryap bu 
 s. wood-louse. 
 
 hryap 2. see hryop. 
 
 hryam vb. t. to lift, to raise, to begin 
 to do anything, commence work, ayen bon 
 hryam vb. to dandle baby, rin li-sdn 
 hryam vb. to begin to speak; U zuk-adn 
 hryam vb. to commence to build a house; 
 ciyok hryam mat vb. to commence work. 
 
 a-hryam s. the commencement, as in 
 making a basket; commencing, a-hryam 
 zdk gdn a-fydl zdk if you begin well, 
 the end will be well. 
 
 hryik see hrik. 
 
 hryim see hrim,. 
 
 hryil or hril see td-hril, tun-hril-kun. 
 
 *hryu 1. T. 'prul s. "the death and 
 rebirth of a deity" M. 
 
 hryu 2. i. q. 1.? consecrated as wine 
 or water, un hryu M. 
 
 hryu 3. vb. n. to be exhausted, or con- 
 stitution broken, as from disease, to be 
 beside one's self. 
 
 hryu 4. vb. t. to turn out, to expel? M. 
 
 hryuk, ta-hryuk s. whistling, td-hryuk mat 
 vb. to whistle, td-hryuk m,at gat nyi gdn 
 a-sut rik-ld mat if you must whistle, 
 whistle in tune. — td-hryuk muk s. name 
 of plant (sensitive plant). 
 
 hryuii vb. 1. to pull down; 2. to be in- 
 complete? M. — a-hryun s. a hut or 
 house without the roof, the bare walls. 
 // td-ram a-hryun. 
 
 hryiit, a-hryut s. : tearing with the teeth 
 as when eating Indian corn kun-tson 
 a-hryut. 
 
 hryun vb. n. to be smudged, blurred, 
 to be obscured, dimmed. 
 
 hryup, a-hryup adj. blunt (as a knife), 
 ban fo a-hryup zuk-bo. 
 
 (hryum) tum-hryum adj. white and black 
 speckled (fowl). 
 
 hryiim i. q. hrim q. v. 
 
 hryu 1. T. 'prul see hryu 1., mik hryu 
 s. optical delusion. 
 
 hryu 2. see hryii 2. 
 
 hryu 3. vb. n. to be zealous, s. zealousy, 
 hryu yd vb. to be zealous; — a-hryum, 
 s. zealousy, a-lut-ka a-hryum nyi. 
 
 hryu 4. vb. t. to forget, to make a 
 mistake, to blunder, to err, to commit a 
 fault in doing or saying anything. 
 
 hryu 5. vb. n. to be dry, dead as leaf, 
 see under tHk-blo and (a-')hry6t. 
 
 hryu 6, pa-hryu-la trickling down as tears, 
 blood, vi p.-h.-ld lydp to wade in blood. 
 
 (hryuk) pa-hryuk-bu s. the Cobra de- 
 capello. 
 
 hryup 1. vb. t. to draw in (breath) with 
 a suckling noise, tHh tdk hryup vb. to suck 
 in gruel with noise. 
 
 hryup 2. vb. n. to be old, worn out; 
 a-hryup adj. old, worn out, rotten (as a 
 house, basket etc.), U a-hryup an old 
 rotten house, tun-gryon a-hryup a worn- 
 out rotten basket; — hryap-pd hryup- 
 pd rickety, loosely tied or wrapped up, 
 li hryap-pd hryup-pd a rickety house; 
 hryap-pd hryup-pd prok fom-bo loosely 
 wrapped up. Also hryop. 
 
 hryum see hryu 3. 
 
 hrye i. q. hrya. 
 
 hrye, a-hrye adj. chipped (as a plate), 
 tilk-cim a-hrye a chipped cup. 
 
 hryen s. a sort of .contrivance for 
 catching fish, formed by fixing a piece 
 of wood at end of line, when fish swallows 
 it, it sticks -in throat. See under sd-U. 
 
 hryet vb. to make incision as notch in 
 arrow. 
 
 hryen i. q. hrydn q. v. 
 
 hryep, a-hryep s. the part of feet from 
 knee to ancle and of hand from elbow 
 to wrist; dyan hryep tibia; the nasal 
 cartilage see tiik-ndm hryep. nd hryep (190 
 s. V. no). 
 
380 
 
 hryem — hrydp 
 
 hrydm— *hlak-bo 
 
 hryem vb. to splice; to fix as splints, 
 hryem kyop. 
 
 hryok, a-hryok s. the houey-comb after 
 the honey has been extracted, any thing 
 after its virtue has gone e. c. htk-ti hryok. 
 
 hryon vb. n. to be slack, not tied tight 
 or not to have a good grasp of; — hrvn- 
 hryon-ld adv. loosely M. 74. ; — run-hrynn- 
 Id slack, loose. 
 
 hryop, 'hryaf-fd hryop-pa loose, rickety 
 M. 19. See hrywp. 
 
 hryol i. q. tuk-brol ht-yol straddling. 
 
 hryol vb. n. to be loose as ring on 
 finger, cap etc., piston in barrel etc — 
 a-hryol adj. s. loose, a thing not firm in 
 its holder, as a sword in its sheath. 
 
 hryd, a-hryd s. a weight corresponding 
 to two seers. 
 
 hrydk i. q. hrydk q. v. 
 
 hrydk nan i. q. hrydk nan- 
 
 hrydk, hrydk-ka hrydk-ka loose as blade 
 of knife, post in ground, broken as voice 
 a-nyum hryok-kd hryok-kd; hruk-kd hryok 
 not firm as post. See hryon., hryol. 
 
 hrydt vb. n. to spread out thinly as 
 rice and to cool (or to dry); hryot nan- 
 bo shallow or fordable (river) in opp. to 
 hril-bam-bo; — a-hryot s. the laying or 
 spreading out grain or corn etc. to dry 
 zo a-hryot. See hryu 5. 
 
 hrydn I. cans, of hr&n q. v. 
 
 hrydn 2. a-hryon s. the warp in weaving 
 or of a cloth, a-hryon sen s. the woof, 
 a-rol. 
 
 hrydp vb. to cry, to weep, i. q. pram 
 (Old L.) hryop-bo hrydp md-hry6p-num- 
 bc md-hryop-ne ■ those, who are used to 
 weep, weep, those, who are not, do not; 
 un dyosep gram gram mat-lun hrydp lyan 
 doii su gd yo gdn hu-do uyen-ka sak md- 
 ryu-ne un li bo-ka v6n-lun hrydp and 
 Joseph made haste; for his bowels did 
 yearn upon his brother; and he sought 
 where to weep; and he entered into his 
 chamber, and wept there Gr. ra-ma-ka 
 hrydp sdt yu-muk-su a-sut a-tim fyo in 
 Rama was there a voice heard, lamen- 
 tation and weeping and great mourning; 
 
 hrydp pan vb. to cease weeping. — a- 
 hrydp s. a weeping, a-hrydp a-ndk id. 
 
 hrydm s. a stand for placing things on 
 or sitting or lying on, scaffolding, a plat- 
 form, a rack, hrydm fo vb. to erect 
 scaffolding. 
 
 hia 1. vb. to be before or in advance, 
 Idm hld-bo a guide, Idm hld-nan-bo one 
 who lives beside a road; a-hld adj. going 
 in advance (as advanced guard). 
 
 hIa 2. hidm vb. to move a little or 
 change position of body slightly when 
 lying, hld-ndn; to glide down, head along, 
 hid sal to glide down with feet foremost, 
 hid krydk bam vb. to toss about as a sick 
 man; — hld-m sloping, slantingly; — 
 pd-hld-ld slantingly, aslant, sidewise, 
 pd-hld-ld not vb. to cut slantingly, pd- 
 hld-ld nak to glance sideways; — pd- 
 hldm, pun-hldm and pd-hlum s. any rude 
 or temporary structure, that acts as a 
 bridge, as a tree thrown over stream or 
 precipice pd-hldm tap or sel vb. to lay 
 p.; the stick that separates the warp- 
 threads in weaving. 
 
 hiak vb. to flame. 
 
 hiat, hiat-ta hiat-ta weak, languid. 
 
 hiat s. deliberation, rectification, amend- 
 ment, Mat mat with deliberation i. q. sd- 
 du mat; Mat mat li vb. to speak with 
 deliberation dyok Mat mat bam. 
 
 hian vb. to slip as land on hill M. 
 
 hiam i. q. Mam. 
 
 hiam see hid 2. 
 
 *hla T. Iha s. a god L. rum q. v.; *hla- 
 gdn T. Iha-Kon s. a temple; * Ma-ten T. 
 Iha-rten s. an idol; *hla-sd T. Iha-sa s 
 the capital of Tibet; — sire, lord, master, 
 Ma la so T. Iha lags-so yea, sir. 
 
 hla-ri (fr. T. Iha and ri-mo') s. painting, 
 hla-ri-bo s. a painter, hla-ri pi-%mn-sd 
 ydn-tdn s. the art of painting. 
 
 hIak 1. vb. to tear off as branch etc., 
 hlak dydn vb. to tear off. 
 
 hIak 2. onom. hlak-ka hiak-ka sound of 
 boiling water, hlak-kd hlak-kd li to speak 
 triflingly, to babble. 
 
 *hlak-bo s. T. Ihag-pa Mercury M. 140. 
 
hian — hlu 
 
 hlum— hlo 
 
 381 
 
 hIan 1. vb. n. to become hard, said 
 of buk; — a-hlaii adj. tough, hard (as a 
 yam when too old), buk a-hlan. 
 
 hlan, hlan vb. to mingle, un hlan. 
 
 hian-kd s. a shelf M. 81. 
 
 hiat rb. n. to fall, as leaves from tree, 
 hair from head; — a-hlat s. dead leaves 
 that have fallen from trees. 
 
 hlan vb. to climb; — kun hlan-fo s. a 
 spec, bird, nuthatch, Sitta himalayensis, 
 S. cinnamoneoventris, S. frontalis E. 214.; 
 — to spring up as dog; — to nurse; a- 
 hlan s. the nursing and dangling of a 
 baby ayen-iid a-hlan. 
 
 hlan 2.: dom sd-hlan (see dom) pseudo- 
 leprosy. 
 
 *h!ap 1. T. slob (-pa) vb. t. to learn 
 M. ; md-hlap-ne yd vb. to knovr without 
 learning, hlap-byi vb. to teach, hlap-byi- 
 bo s. a teacher, hlap-byin-lu s. doctrine; 
 Map joH mat vb. to study; hlap-bo s. a 
 learner; Map lyan s. a school. 
 
 hlap 2, a-hlap adj. new, fresh (as a new 
 servant, a new language etc.) 
 
 hlap 3., hiap-pa hiap-pa smooth and thin 
 as pd-li or paper etc., Map-pd Map-pd 
 mat vb. to flap as wings, pun-ku Map-pd 
 hlap-pd mat vb. to flap wings. 
 
 hiam 1. vb. t. to stretch out, to extend, 
 as hand, a-kd Mam; du Mam vb. to dig 
 deep, to investigate; to strive perseveringly 
 see buk rum (259). — a^Mam expletive 
 to a-fkk s. a defeat. 
 
 (hiam 2.,) a-hlam s. good strong cloth 
 diim a-Uam. 
 
 (hiam 3.) ta-hlam s. a plank-bridge or 
 strong flat bridge of stone etc. (not of 
 cane); t.-h.-ka cam vb. to cross over on 
 bridge. 
 
 (hiam 4.) ta-hlam s. an anvil, td-Mam- 
 ka fok vb. to beat on anvil. 
 
 hlu vb. n. to have shot up and become 
 thin and weak (as corn); to protrude, to 
 issue out, to eject, dyit Mu to have in- 
 voluntary stool; to be loose, as earth 
 which gives way, when treading on it; — 
 to be tender, as new-born animal; — to 
 be weary and sleepy Mil da. — Mii-ld 
 
 adv. weakly, feebly. — a-Mu adj. idle, 
 indolent, md-ro a-Mu an indolent man. — 
 
 Deriv. : Mun-nd Mun-nd \azj, slothful; 
 Mun-nd Mun-nd li vb. to become lazy as 
 from heat. — Mun vb. to slip as foot 
 when coming down hill. 
 
 hlum vb. to be bulky, large, to be ex- 
 cessively large, diim, Miim clothes to be 
 too large; kd-cie Mikn-bo the large lemon, 
 see Mem, Myom, Myiim. 
 
 hlun vb. t. to eject out of mouth, to 
 vomit; — to eject evil spirit M. 
 
 hlum see Mam under Md. 
 
 hieh see Myen. 
 
 hiet or hlyet (see glot, glo) 1 vb. to slip, 
 to be slippery; — a-hlet s. a slipping, 
 slippery. — redupl. fld-Met adj. said of 
 sd-M6t -pot being very slippery. — ni/n- 
 Met adj. slippery, niin-Met non to slip. — 
 kd-Met-no s. a spec. fish. — td-Myet dor 
 or tHr-Met dor a spec, of boletus (edible). 
 
 hIet 2. (fr. 1.) hiet-bu s. the water-leech; 
 spec, of house-leech. 
 
 *hlet T. Ihad 3. s dross, alloy, sediment. 
 Met nyim-bo adj. adulterated; lii.n Met s. 
 dross, alloy. 
 
 hlep 1., a-hiep adj near; lower in grade, 
 rank, years; the next, the second, eisQog; 
 kun-ka Mep din vb. to stand behind a 
 tree; Idm Mep-lUn di vb. to follow behind; 
 
 — kd-Mep-bo s. an assistant, a servant; 
 
 — a-Mep-bo or niim-Mep-bo s. the one 
 following, as after the first or second; 
 dyen Mep-bo s. a younger brother niim- 
 Mep-bo; nom Mep-bo a y. sister. Cfr. dyep. 
 
 hlep 2., Mep-pd Mep drawn in or back 
 as stomach, td-bdk Mep-pd Mep; nyen Mep- 
 pd Mep-pd said when an animal stops 
 giving milk. 
 
 hiem i. q. Myom, Myiim q. v. 
 
 *hlo 1. s. T. Iho 1. the south, L. lum; 
 Mo kon southern quarter; 2. Bhotiya i. e. 
 Sikhim-Bhotiya, Mo-bo s. half-Lepcha 
 half-Bhotiya. 
 
 hlo 2. s. a high mountain, upon which 
 snow falls. Hooker 2, 81; un-niin sUk- 
 dUm lyan pldn-ka nyak-kd cet nyi-ld ti- 
 Mn hlo sd-re td-lyan sd-gram-ka nyvm-bo 
 
382 
 
 hlo— hid 
 
 hlut-ta hlydt-ta— *hldm 
 
 a-tu gun-nd-'pdn nup fat the waters pre- 
 vailed exceedingly upon the earth; and 
 all the high hills, that were under the 
 whole heaven, were covered G.; hlo kup 
 s. a mountain upon which very little snow 
 falls; hlo gyop s. a valley; hlo ban s. the 
 base of mountain; hlo blu s. the ridge; 
 hlo blyon s. the side of mountain; hlo mun 
 s. the evil spirit of the mountains, one 
 of the names applied to mi gat mun i. q. 
 CM mun bi mun; hlo yak s. the peak of 
 mountain; hlo zan pun da gdn if it be 
 heaped as high as mountains ; hlo kd-ti kd-kii 
 fapagreat distance; Idokyon mountains and 
 valleys; hlo dyok vb. to cross mountains. 
 
 hlo 3. vb. to proceed or issue with 
 power, force, bon hlo vb. to rule with 
 power, ho hii bon hlo-so thou shalt rule 
 over him G.; md-zu hlo a great person. 
 
 hlo 4. vb. n. to have warning in sleep 
 as of death of any one, a-bomak-sum-bo 
 a-kup-ka hlo non when the father died, 
 the son received warning. 
 
 hlok 1; 1. vb. t..to square timber; 2. 
 vb. n. to rebound, to rise up after pres- 
 sure, to be elastic. 
 
 hlok 2. s. a disease in cows. 
 
 hlon any article presented to a superior 
 with a view of present in return; hlon 
 kyop vb. to present ditto. 
 
 hlot vb. to sift? M. 
 
 hlon vb. t. to place between, as cloth 
 between burdens, dum hlon bu vb. to put 
 cloth between back and burden. 
 
 hlop, hlop-pa hlop-pa loose as soil. 
 
 hid, hid-t vb. n. to be thin, watery, 
 flowing together e.c. titk-tdk hlo-non the 
 gruel is thin ; ci hlo non the chi is weak, 
 watery; met. to be licentious, wanton. — 
 Deriv. num-hlot s. lewdness, lustfulness, 
 applied chiefly to females, prostitution; 
 adj. loose, licentious, wanton, num-hlot 
 nyim-bo or 7ium-hl6t mat-bo a lewd person 
 (especially female), an adulteress, a pro- 
 stitute, num-hlot md-si-num-bo a chaste 
 female. — td-hlo s. frivolous playing, td- 
 hlo mat- vb. to play frivolously, td-hlo 
 mat-bo s. an idler. — 
 
 sd-hlot idle, indolent. 
 hlut-ta hlydt-ta hodge-podge, rice and 
 vegetables mixed, hlut-td hly&t-id no-luh 
 zo vb. having prepared ditto to eat. — 
 
 *hldk 1. T. klogl-pa) vb. to read. 
 
 *hldk 2. T. Ihag vb. n. to be over, to 
 be superfluous, to exceed; — hlok-bo adj. 
 superfluous, resting e. c. un gyom-lun kyo 
 ta-i Mu fd^no-nun a-zom hlok-bo a-pan- 
 pdn run-tok kd-ti nydt-fap blydn fo they 
 gathered them together, and filled twelve 
 baskets with the fragments of the five 
 barley-leaves which remained over and 
 above unto them that had eaten J. — 
 a-hldk a-pan id. e. c. a-hlok a-pan-pdn 
 gyom-md gather up the fragments that 
 remain J.; a-hlok gUn-nd et cetera; a-hldk 
 mat especially; — s. abundance e. c. go nd 
 hd-yu tm-sd ik a-hl6k nyi-sdn-ka ti I am 
 come that they might have life and that 
 they might have it more abundantly; 
 hl6k-ld hlok-ld adv. redundantly; — to be 
 past as time, tu-tsdt hldk non-ne the time 
 is past, — in L. vb. t. to transgress, to 
 commit a fault, go hlok-kHn md-nyin-ne 1 
 have committed no fault; hlok cet-Mn 
 ti-ansgressions and omissions; a-li hlok 
 lapsus linguae; hlok-ldt s. an offence, 
 transgression; — to debauch hu dyep-ka 
 da-lun hum hlok fat he lay with her, and 
 defiled her. G. 
 
 (hidn), pa-hldn s. the ceiling of room, U 
 pd-hlon the inner roof or ceiling of house. 
 
 hldii-kd see hlan-ko. 
 
 hId-t see hlo. 
 
 hIdn, hidn-na hidn-na badly executed, as 
 work, hlon-nd hlon-nd ayok 7nat vb. to do 
 work badly, slovenly. 
 
 hidp, hidp-pa hidp-pa i. q. hlep behind? M. 
 
 *hldm 1. T. Iham s. a shoe, hlom cd s. 
 a pair of shoes, hld7n tyu T. Ihavi-mfil 
 s. the sole of shoe, hlom-dam T. Iham- 
 ' gram 8. a latchet J., Mom do s. foreshoe, 
 hlom yu the upper leather of shoe, hlom 
 a-kan s. an odd shoe, hlom, hrap vb. to 
 make shoes, hlom hrap-bo s. a shoemaker, 
 hlom suk vb. to put on shoes, hlom ak 
 or 6t. vb. to pull off shoes. . 
 
hidm - hlyat 
 
 hlyn, pa-hlyu^hlydt 
 
 383 
 
 hIdm 2. yb. t. to dry, as anything damp 
 before the fire, ze hl&m vb. to dry powder. 
 
 hlya vb. to turn outwards or hang down 
 as rim of bason, pendulous lips, see a- 
 dul hlya. 
 
 hlyak s. a dish of meat and rice Tbr. 
 see gul. 
 
 hlyat vb. to hurry, to urge on, to drive 
 away, to expel, as evil spirits; hlyat nyon 
 vb. to drive away; hlydt-lun non or hlyat 
 ndn to take with one by force; hlydt-ld 
 K vb. to urge on. hlydt-td hlydt-td away 
 with him. 
 
 hlyap i. q. Uyop. 
 
 hlydn, hlydn vb. to run as water i. q. 
 Ion; un zok fup-bo bu-ha lop hlydU' bu to 
 put a leaf between basket and back to 
 keep off the water which oozes out M. ; 
 met. copulare Tbr. 
 
 hlyam vb. to repair, i. q. lydm. 
 
 hlya vb. to be oily, to be unctuous to 
 the touch; M. 31. — a-hlya adj. new born 
 (a baby), ayen-nd a-hlya; — also applied 
 to beast, but not fowls, Mk-kup a-hlya 
 very young calf, soft and flabby (as baby's 
 flesh), tender, applied to the flesh of very 
 young animals that are eaten man a-hlya; 
 unctuous. 
 
 hlyak vb. t. to pull down and break ofP, 
 as Indian cane when gathering branches 
 of trees etc. 
 
 a-krik hlyak fydn to laugh, from the 
 low jaw falling down as when pulling 
 down maize etc. M. See hlyan 
 
 hlyah 1. vb. n. to be torn off, as branch 
 etc., fd/i hlyan s. a tree with only one 
 branch on- the top. See hlyak. 
 
 hlyan 2., iun-hlyaii advly. quickly, /. hlyan 
 Mek or mat vb. to hurry, to urge on. 
 
 hlyap, a-hlyap s. pods as of peas that 
 are without their grain, either from insect 
 having eaten them or from bad growth; 
 tuk-hyit a-hlyap. 
 
 hlyam l.vb. to muster troops, fyenhlyam. 
 
 hlyam 2. hlyam tyu vb. to shake very 
 much as in earthquake i. q. hlyomf 
 
 hlyam 3. see dyan hlyam,. 
 
 hlyat see hlyat. 
 
 hlyu, pa-hlyu, mon pd-hlyu mat the maize 
 has begun to spring up. See hlyut. 
 
 (hlyut) pa-hlyut-bo adj. conical, tapering, 
 sloping, tuk tuk pd-hlyut-bo a conical hat. 
 See hlyil. 
 
 (hlyum) a-hlyum or a-hlyom much, 
 (obsol.) see co, cok. 
 
 hlyu vb. to spoil a child with too much 
 tenderness, hlyu Ion bam vb. to spoil, to 
 bring up a child too indulgently. 
 
 hlyum vb. n. to be slanting; — pd-hlyum 
 cut slanted, as bamboo, pa-dam, lesser 
 than pd-hld-ld q. v. pd-hlyum is opposed 
 to pd-t'ar; pd-dam pd-hlymn a bamboo 
 water -holder with mouth slantingly cut. 
 
 hlyek vb. to put new bottom to a basket, 
 tun- gar a-hlyek a basket with a new 
 bottom. 
 
 hlyen vb. to cough, hlyen kdk vb. to 
 have a bad cough; hlyen pat vb. to have 
 a fit for coughing; hlyen tyun vb. to 
 cough. — a-hlyen s. a cough or coughing, 
 a-hlyen a-kdk. 
 
 hlyet i. q. hlyat or hlet. 
 
 hlyep i. q. hlep behind; a-hlyep s. a 
 grade, a-hlyep a-hlyep non. 
 
 hlyo hlyo dangling, loose. 
 
 hlyot 1.: hlyot hryon yh. to turn inside 
 out M 
 
 (hlyot 2.), sa-hlyot all at once, suddenly, 
 sd-hlyot-td di vb. to come all at once, 
 sd-hlyot-td sdr non vb. to become suddenly 
 rotten. 
 
 hlyop vb. n. to be empty, tun-gip hlyop 
 an empty bag, zo pyon hlyop an empty 
 ear of corn, hlyop hlyop li vb. to feel 
 empty as stomach, hlyop hlyop nan vb. 
 to lie empty. 
 
 hlyom vb. to be blistered, scalded, 
 scorified, see mi. 
 
 (hlydk), pa-hlydk astride, p. h. ful vb. 
 to ride astride. 
 
 hlydn collecting one's power, hlyon kat 
 tsun vb. to lift up with collected strength 
 of one or more persons, hly&n kat pi vb. 
 to write with all one's power. — a-hly6n 
 s. a set of merry companions M. 
 
 hlydt 1. see hl6. 
 
384 
 
 hlydt— hlydtii 
 
 va — va 
 
 hly6t 2. Tb. to twist together, as thread, 
 string, hlydt-Mn kyvm. 
 
 hly6n i- q. hlydn; — a-hlyon s. a course 
 of work, a division, or chapter in book, 
 a-hlyon a-prol. 
 
 hly6p 1., 1. said of cloth when thready 
 and not close; - 2. vb. to end a course 
 of work and begin another; — hlyop-pd 
 hlydp-pd ending and recommencing; — 
 a-hlyop s. 1. the finishing a course of 
 work and commencing another, 2. said 
 in cutting wood, when having cut deep 
 and narrow, the external orifice has to 
 be widened to enable the cut to be made 
 deeper kun-hlyop. 
 
 hlydp 2. onom. hlydp-pa hlydp-pa flapping 
 as of wings, i. p. hlap-pd hlap-pd; hlydp- 
 pd hlyop-pd lam vb. to fly flapping wings. 
 
 hlydm 1. vb. to pass over, to omit, to 
 skip over as book, work etc., to make 
 way as thro' jungle, dup hlyom or muk 
 hlydm i. q. pd-hlyom; — pd-hlyom or pun- 
 hlyom s. 1. a large stick, as lever, a 
 heavy club, pd-hlyom-sd nol or hlyom vb. 
 to clear way thro' jungle with pd-hlyom; 
 — 2. any mechanism that will provide 
 the means of moving or working of 
 success, pvn-dop pd-hlydm a locomotive. 
 See Mem. 
 
 hlydm 2. see hlyum. 
 
 va the twenty-fifth letter of the so- 
 called Lepcha-alphabet T. R Skt. '^ ace. 
 M. as the English v. See bd. 
 
 va 2., v4-m vb. to protract a sound, to 
 give a long note, to chant out; mun vd 
 vb. to prolong note; s a long note. — 
 
 vdm s. a song, a tune; music, go-wun- 
 sd vdm s. a song of love, fydn-nun-sd 
 vdm a comic song, yii-muk-sd vdm a 
 mournful song, a lamentation; tem-bre-sd 
 vdm a ceremonial song; ron-sd vdm: 
 Lapcagita (samgraha); — vdm mat vb. to 
 sing, vdm mat-bo s. a songster, a mu- 
 sician; vdm, krydm-ld mat vb. to sing in 
 concert; vdm gyen mat vb. to vie in 
 singing; vdm a-fyen a-tyen mat vb. to 
 sing consecutively; vdm mat su mat vb. 
 to sing and do one thing on another; 
 vdm-diim mat vb. to sing; vdm fyen vb. 
 to prolong note i. q. mun vd. — vdm-rin- 
 sd li or vdm t'ap-lun li i. q. vdm prya vb. 
 to celebrate in song, to sing of; vdm-mun 
 s. a note in singing; vdm lo-pdn s. a 
 musicmaster, a professor of music; rdm- 
 sd a-prydm a the harmony of song, vdm- 
 sd a-prydm-ka tap vb. to introduce into 
 
 song, for the sake of sound; vdw,-sd a- 
 sut s. the tune of song. 
 
 va 2. vb. to mix by stirring, to stir 
 as tea. 
 
 va 3. vd-t — vd vb. 1. n. to go round, 
 to wander round; — vat vb. t. to span 
 round (as with hand), to grasp, to meet 
 round (as girdle, band etc.), to circumvent, 
 to encompass, to environ, to embrace 
 (corporally or mentally), to accomplish 
 M. 78. a-kd-niin vat vb. to span round 
 with the hand; kdm-nun vdt vb. to sur- 
 round with money, also to accomplish 
 with money; cet-tun vdt \h. to empower; 
 gin-nun vdt\h. to engird; tui-pol vdt Yh. 
 to enrail; tsuk-po-nun vdt vb. to circum- 
 vallate; t^om, vdt vb. to circumscribe; sak- 
 cin-nun vdt vb. to grasp with mind; a- 
 rin-nun vdt vb. to entangle one in argu- 
 ment, to heap words upon another; ar 
 som-nun vdt vb. to compress into a breath 
 one's own ability, to state with decision 
 one's own ability to do anything. — 
 
 Der. ad. 1. sd-vd-ld, siir-vd-ld adv. 1. 
 in strips of cloth, paper, streaks of rain, 
 so siir-vd-ld yu rain to pour down in 
 
Vcik— vdl 
 
 va— vat 
 
 385 
 
 streaks; dum sd-vd-ld a strip of cloth; 
 2. tattered, ragged P. 
 
 vak t1). to avoid, md-ro ndk md-gat-nd 
 gdn vdk-kd if you do not wish, to see a 
 person, avoid him; vdk-lun fa to eat what 
 is good avoiding the parts that are bad; 
 tyol jdn-bo-sdn vdk-lun com dydt shun and 
 avoid bad society. — a-vdk adj. circuitous, 
 rouad about, a-vdk 16m a round-about 
 way. See van. 
 
 van vb. to be quick, vdn non vb. to 
 speed, to haste, to go quickly, vdn-lim 
 zuk vb. to do quickly. 
 
 vdii p. vdn (see vdk) vb. to put aside, 
 to eliminate, to segregate, to put aside 
 the bad, to exclude, a-ryum-bo-nun a-jdn- 
 bo van to separate good from bad, van 
 dydn vb. to separate and fling away the 
 bad, vdn-lun zo vb. to eat circumspectly, 
 ])utting aside, what is bad; tuk-mo mat- 
 bo-sdn vdn bam kom cause the thieves to 
 live apart, exclude them. — vydn cans, 
 of vdn to put apart, to cause to put apart. 
 — p. vdn to be free, to be disengaged, 
 unfettered by any tie, to be inoccupied, 
 to be at leisure; td-dyu vdn an unmarried 
 female, a spinster, td-gri vdn an un- 
 married male, (bachelor, widower) a-kd 
 md-vdn-ne to have one's hands employed 
 or fettered by work or otherwise; U md- 
 vdn-ne to have no leisure to talk. 
 
 Deriv. a-vdn adj. unmarried, single, 
 a-vdn mat bam-md renaain a widow G. ; 
 childless; alone (as without arms etc.); 
 odd, single, uncomplete (said of things); 
 a-vdn zdn one who has no connexion 
 with wife, a-vdn zdn bam-nyi to live so. 
 fun-vdn adj. isolated, free, unfettered, 
 fiin-vdn-ld nan vb. to be isolated as tree. 
 
 van: vaii-na van-na adjly. circular, in 
 circles, v.-nd v.-nd mat vb. to make cir- 
 cular, v.-nd v.-nd Idm vb. to fly in circles. 
 
 vdt see vd. 
 
 vdn see van. 
 
 vap, tur-vdp-ld see vek, tur-vek-ld. 
 
 vdm see vd 1. 
 
 var, vdr-rd see under var. 
 
 val vb. to pass over, to omit, to leave 
 
 out, to intermit, to skip, ho-niin tsuk kat 
 vdl you have omitted a word; kd-siim md- 
 vdl-nun do not pass over me. — vdl-ld 
 vdl-ld adv. intermittent, at intervals, dii 
 vdl-ld vdl-ld lot the fever is intermittent. 
 a-vdl adj. isolated, lyan vdl an isolated 
 place, pd-zok a-vdl a wood surrounded by 
 cultivation. 
 
 va 1. s. a blister, as from burn or 
 pinch, va di, va pld (blister) to rise. 
 
 va 2. vb. n. 1. to ebb and flow, to 
 flow backwards and forwards; — hd-va 
 void, free, open. — 2. tr. {vat) to swing 
 to and fro, to vibrate, to oscillate, tiik- 
 sit va to swing a swing, pur-jim va to 
 swing arm ;sdm«as. the braces of canebridge. 
 — 1. va va vibrating, a-liit va va li to feel 
 heartpalpitating: tobehungryTbr. — 2.vat- 
 td vat-td swinging (as arms), a-kd vat-td 
 vat-td lorn to walk along swinging arms. 
 
 vak (see vuk) vb. t. to hollow out, to 
 scoop out, vak-liin dot to scoop out, td- 
 fon vak to scoop out trough, mdn vak- 
 liin dot to cut out flesh (as part bitten 
 by mad dog), see tek-vak. 
 
 vaii 1. vb. to turn upside down, to re- 
 verse in an upright, not flatwise way, 
 to change (as weather from fair to foul), 
 to turn pale (as complexion) also in Tbr. 
 to be worse), to turn sour as chi; to 
 degenerate, to change for the worse, to 
 be prostrated, to succumb to, van tyun- 
 Id non to turn head over heels; hu md- 
 lydk md-van-nuil hat nyi he is always the 
 same, does not alter; — pii r-va/i-bo adj. 
 altering, changing; rm van vb. to break 
 one's word or alter one's language for 
 the worse; a-liit van vb. to have heart 
 change for the worse; van tyun-ld dyok 
 zuk vb. to do work effectually; — van 
 in sense of to die, kiir-don kur-sdn nyi 
 gdn Id du-nun van-md-o even the hale 
 andruddy must succumb to the diseases. P. 
 
 van 2., vaii-ha vaii-na large (as hole) in 
 circumference. — fun-va/l-bo adj. wide, 
 open-mouthed (as hole). See vak. 
 
 vat 1. 1. s. help, 2. vb. to obtain loan, 
 vat mat vb. to help, to assist, vat ul vb. 
 
 26 
 
386 
 
 vat— var 
 
 val— vf 
 
 to ask assistance, kom nyo vat to obtain 
 loan of money, dum nyo vat to obtain 
 loan of clothes. 
 
 vat, 2. fa-vat-la adv. bent inwards (back), 
 concave-backed. 
 
 vat 3. see va. 
 
 van 1. see van 1.; so-van the roaring of 
 storm. 
 
 van 2. vb. to turn towards, s. the 
 direction of, towards; myil van vb. to 
 turn downwards; tal van vb. to turn up- 
 wards, hii-nun van-lun hum li she turned 
 herself and saith unto him J.; ay. -nun 
 van-ban hd-yum ryak dydt-tun si-lun J. 
 turned and saw them following J.; — 
 advly. in comp. -wards: pyil-van thither, 
 yonder; tul-van upwards; tal-van aloft, 
 upwards, on high; tal-ld van id.; myil- 
 van i. q. myil-kon downwards. — vydn 
 cans, to turn towards, sd-lon non si kdn 
 n-hon vydn hrya turn the head (or mouth) 
 in the direction you would go. 
 
 (van 3.) ta-van s. court of king, presence 
 of king or great man, public court as 
 of justice; td-van-ka rin li to speak in 
 court of justice; td- van -bam -ho s. a 
 courtier; td-van-ndk-bo s. an inspector of 
 courts, td-van pun-san s. court-dress; td- 
 van piin-dan s. a court, a hall of justice; 
 t.-v. p.-d.-ka din to stand in court; td- 
 van not-ka non vb. to make a journey 
 on public service. 
 
 vap, fa-vap adj. shrunk, shrivelled, con- 
 tracted, rivelled, fd-vap-ld nun non to 
 become shrunk. 
 
 var (see also vor) vb. to make circuit, 
 var-lun du vb. to dig round, var-liin lorn 
 vb. to make circuit as to avoid hill etc.; 
 met. var-liin U vb. to equivocate, to 
 diverge from a subject; var var going 
 round, suspicious, var var mat bam to 
 look about suspiciously; — var-rd var-rd 
 round about, mi-zer-mo-sdn-nii.n un-kyon- 
 sd var-rd var-rd du ham the Egyptians 
 digged round about the river G.; var-rd 
 vun-ld i. q. vun-ld var-rd — vdr-rd com- 
 pletely, altogether, without reserve, 
 entirely, wholly, absolutely, apparently in 
 
 emphatic s., (also vdr"), un var tyok to 
 fling right across river, td-gri bit zdn var 
 zuk to do work like a man, manfully, 
 a-re len o-re vdr-rd ryu that is better 
 altogether than this, tHk-tsdk vdr-ld klyot 
 to leap over without touching. 
 
 val 1. s. periphery, val not vb. to cut 
 round; 2. vb. to prevaricate, to equivocate; 
 to deny, h6 kd-sHm sam-fyin md-val-nd 
 tet hik-ba md-ryak-nd-so the cock shall 
 not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice 
 J.; — to speak indirectly, to speak 
 metaphorically, to make excuse, evasion, 
 val-ham vb. to deny falsely, to equivocate. 
 val-lUn li to speak indirectly, to pre- 
 varicate; kd-yu sd-ryok hik-ka val-lun li 
 we speak of a tiger-cat metaphorically 
 as a fowl; val-lilA tiin-bdr mat-lun li to 
 speak evasively; val lyan 7nd-nyin-ne no 
 means of evading or val fyd md-nyin-ne, 
 kd-sum md-val-nd-ni/n-nan dun ho tell 
 me plainly, without prevarication; val-litn- 
 sd rin indirect language, prevarication, 
 evasion. — a -val s. equivocation, a-vai 
 rin li vb. to equivocate. 
 
 vi 1. a-vi s. one handful, kd-vi the full 
 of one hand or rather bason-shaped hand. 
 
 vf 2, a-vf s. blood M. 134., wwyoid. 
 M. 136, hon. ku-tsal, T. Krag, Tbr. m&n- 
 sap-bo; vi kor (blood) to circulate, vi kom. 
 (blood) to coagulate, a-vi a-cok-kiin bo 
 fat, a-vi a-cok-kiin pldm-ho, a-vi a-cdk- 
 sd a-kiip, a-vi a-cok nyhn-bo expressions 
 of endearment; a-vi a-cok fik-bdn lo ddk 
 sickness is the portion of humanity; a-vi 
 jok vb. to pour out blood (as upon an 
 altar); vi tom di (blood) to come violently 
 and in great quantities; vi dd nun (blood) 
 to stagnate, not to circulate; vi dan (blood) 
 to flow, to be shed; vi dap to stanch 
 blood; vi pld blood to issue; vi gan-nd 
 gan-nd pld to dribble out; vi hdm-ldpld 
 to gush out; vi pld hryu-ld to pour down; 
 vi plyd to cause to blead, to beat a 
 person; vi fydt to sprinkle blood; m lat 
 (blood) to come, to flow, a-fyak vi lat tet 
 pyok tsa to bow the head till blood 
 comes; vi-lydp to welter in blood vi sur- 
 
vf— vfm 
 
 (vfm)— vuh 
 
 387 
 
 vd-ld yu (blood) to run down in streaks; 
 
 — vi sa vb. to lose blood. — 
 
 Comp. vi-gyon s. a black pudding or 
 sausage; — vi-fdn-bo a blood-drinker, a 
 vampire; — vi dap the ventricle of heart; 
 
 u«'-ra watery bl., vi-ra dak s. dysentery; 
 
 — VI lorn s. a blood-vessel. — 
 
 Deriv. td-vi s. menses, td-vi dan vb. 
 to have menstrual discharge; td-vi tsup 
 vb. to have oppression of m. — 
 
 vf 3. fa-vf exhausted as body, sound, 
 sad, melancholy, gloomy, depressed, fd- 
 ci kfin-kyan-ld li to be much grieved, as 
 at the death or departure of friend; md- 
 ro lik fd-vi-ld fyo to hear the call of a 
 man indistinctly. 
 
 vik vb. n. to pullulate, to germinate 
 with flower, to sprout forth (with force), 
 to shoot forth, a-li vik (seed) to spear, 
 a-ka.-p vik to be with young; Id-vo vik the 
 new (horned) moon, a-fo vik the eye- 
 tooth, tusk, fang. — a-vik s. the eye- 
 tooth, tusk of elephant, of boar, the fang 
 of snake, the spear of seed, a-vik kil vb. 
 to spear (as seed). 
 
 vfk s. 1. a soldier, vik kiik vb. to summon; 
 vik Jon vb. n. to be disciplined, vik-jon-ho 
 s. a disciplined soldier; vik zon adj 
 martial, soldier-like, soldierly; vik-ldk s. 
 military exercises, also to exercise, vik-ldk 
 mat to perform military exercise; vik-lom 
 adj. military, martial; vik-h-yiim s. mar- 
 tial law; vik-ri hryum s. id. vik-ri hryiim 
 tsdk vb. to establish martial law; vik-ri 
 hryiim fap vb. to place under m. law. 
 2. a workman. — 3. a spec, fish no vik. 
 
 vfn, a-vfn (see no-vin) s. the blubber. 
 
 vin, vin-uii s. the river called by Nepa- 
 lese the Kahel, the western boundary of 
 Darjiling territory. 
 
 (vft) piir-vft adj. elegant, beautifully 
 coloured, handsomely marked or striped. 
 
 vi'm 1. s. the left, vim-gy&m left and 
 right, vim kd left haad, vim-glen left- 
 handed, vim-ka to the left M. 73., un-pdn 
 gyom-kon sd vim-kon tUn-gryop zon giim 
 the waters were a wall unto them on 
 their right hand and on their left Ex. 
 
 (vfm 2.) tuk-vfm s. a crook, tuk-vim 
 bryok-bo s. a double crook, a double- 
 hooked crook, tHk-vim-sd huk vb. to catch 
 with crook, li/,k ndk-bo-sd titk-vim a shep- 
 herd's crook. 
 
 vfl vb. to fetter, to chain, vil to id., 
 vil-luii dam vb. to chain, tiik-vil vil vb. 
 to fetter with chains. 
 
 Deriv. tiik-vil s. chains, fetters, fastening, 
 tak-vil-niin lyot vb. to release from chains, 
 tak-ml-nUn tor vb. to escape from chains, 
 tixk-vil kyop vb. to chain, tiik-vil fap vb. 
 to put into chains i. q. vil fo, tiik-vil tmt 
 vb. to be confined with chains, tiik-vil 
 sik-do-niin not vb. to file thro' chains. 
 
 vu l.vb. to wind (as cotton, string); — to 
 fly round, to buzz round one (as flies, 
 bees). — a-vil s. skein of cotton. 
 
 vu 2. reduplic. of to q. v. fa-vu fa-vo-la 
 the same as fd-vo-ld; fd-vii fd-vo-ld fyo 
 to hear indistinctly. 
 
 vii 3. i. q. vd, sHr-xH-ld i. q. siir-vd-ld etc. 
 
 vur vb. to bore (as gun-barrel). 
 
 vul redupl. of vyol q. v. 
 
 vuk 1. (see vaK) vb. n. to be hollow or 
 basin-shaped, as ground, lyan-vuk a hollow 
 b.-sh. place, dd-vuk s. a small basin of 
 water, collected in hollow ground. — 
 tiik-vuk s. a puddle, a pool, un tHk-vuk 
 a pool of water. 
 
 vuk vb. t. to mix, to mingle (as solids, 
 liquids, ideas), vb. n. met. to be con- 
 fused, see under mon 1., nyen un vuk to 
 mingle water with milk, zo kd-cer vuk to 
 mix wheat with rice, vuk-lHii pi vb. to 
 write confusedly. See vok. 
 
 vuii, vun vb. to turn round, to spin 
 round, to circulate, a-vun vun, mi kan 
 vun-ld non see mi; used in sense of 
 "delay" to put off, to defer, to procras- 
 tinate, ho su mat vuii bam-mUn-go why 
 are you delying, vurt var bam to defer, 
 to put off, md-ro num ryak ti-ba vun var 
 bam when a person comes to dun, to put 
 him off, used in sense of "to strive, to 
 endeavour by every means" ayok vun-lUn 
 zuk to endeavour by every means to per- 
 form; o-re-nun pyil-ld p.-nim hikn lyot- 
 
388 
 
 vut— vo 
 
 (vo)— vdn 
 
 Mn vun from thenceforth P. sought to 
 release him J. — vun-gly6t to overreach, to 
 OTercome another by I'ound-about means; 
 — to calumniate, to backbite. Am yo vun 
 ham he backbites, vun-lun lin-ho a back- 
 biter. — vun luk vb. to be deceived, a- 
 yum giin vun luk-Mn-d are ye also de- 
 ceived J. — 
 
 vun-bo any one or that goes round, a 
 wheel, a whirling, vun-lyan s. a pivot, 
 centre of orbit. 
 
 a-vun s. a turning-round, a revolving, 
 a cycle, course of time, past or future, 
 a-vun kat-ka ndk-sd-o a threat emplying 
 "your turn will come;" a-vun kat nydt 
 one or two revolutions; a-vun kat-sd Id- 
 yo mat vb. to sin in a former birth; — 
 a-vun explet. to (a-')zd q. v. — pur-vun s. 
 1. a spinning-wheel, a spindle; 2. a re- 
 volving car, as at fairs, a legendary fly- 
 ing car, a ballon, piir-vun de to revolve 
 the spinning wheel: met. pur-vun de-bo 
 the creator; U piir-vun s. the crossbeams. 
 
 vun-ld var-rd advly. round about, vun- 
 Id var-rd rin circumlocution, periphrasis, 
 vun-ld var-rd rin li vb. to speak in a 
 round-about way, vun-ld var-rd Idm vb. 
 to walk a round-about way. 
 
 vut vb. to anticipate, sd-dyak vut-lUn 
 nydn to vb. to lay by for a future day, 
 mdn vut-lHii tsam vb. to get before game 
 and catch it, vut-lUn par-to to buy in case 
 it might be required after. 
 
 vul, a-vul, kun vul s. a clump of trees. 
 
 vek, tur-vek-la rounded, circular, i. q. 
 tiir-vdp-ld. 
 
 VO 1., a-vo s. a nest of tame fowls. 
 
 vo 2., a-nyor vo bam to fancy, to have 
 heard one call; — reduplic. fd-vo, fd-vo- 
 Id sound to strike faintly on the ear, 
 fd-vo-ld fyo to hear indistinctly, fd-vo-ld 
 tydt tyo id.; fd-vH fd-vo-ld id. 
 
 VO 3 , a-vo s. a husband, vo yH husband 
 and wife, a-vo-ka tyUm vb. to be un- 
 faithful to husband; a-vo nyim-ho s. a 
 married woman; a-vo mat vb. to marry 
 a wife; a-vo len to to commit adultery 
 with another woman's husband; a-vo Ion 
 
 to have connexion with husband; ro len 
 I6n to turn from husband to play the harlot. 
 
 (vo 4.,) pur-vo great numbers, in- 
 numerable, see sUn-vo, also immensity of 
 space, pi/r-vo dop a vast troop or herd. 
 
 vok concentrated W. 72 ace. M. i. q. 
 vak, vuk q. v., tHr-vok s. adj. breadth, 
 amplitude, wide tHr-vok-ld expansive, a- 
 mlem t.-v.-ld broad-faced, lyan t.-v.-ld 
 expansive country. 
 
 VOii (to retire?): lyan- von a small 
 thicket as where game or beasts lie. M. 
 
 vop vb. to pucker, to corrugate as 
 cloth, hrap-pHn-sd md-vop-ne when sewing 
 do not pucker the cloth. 
 
 vor 1. vb. to surround, to bind round, 
 to lie clustered round, around, a-yu tan- 
 pdn-niJn kd-sH tan-rem vor-lun p'yok tsa 
 your sheaves stood round about and made 
 obeisance to my sheaf Gr. — a-vor s. a 
 round cluster; fd-vor s. a great assembly 
 fd-vor tim-tin a noisy assembly; fd-vor- 
 Id zum vb. to assemble in crowds. See 
 var, vok. 
 
 vor 2. s. a class of miin, mim-vor. 
 
 v6 adj. mouldy, see ci vo nun-non. 
 
 vd see sd-gyeH-vo (a kind of arrow). 
 
 vdk 1. vb. t. to hoop, to encircle with 
 hoop, to encircle round land with paling 
 to shew people that it is private; nydt 
 vok to make a circular clearance round 
 cultivation to guard it against beasts. — 
 a-v6k s. a hoop, a-v6k tap vb. to hoop, 
 tim-gar-sd a-v6k vok to encircle ti/A-gar 
 with hoop; nydt pun vok tydt vb. to cut 
 a jungle round a field. 
 
 vdk 2. (See vuk") vb. to stir up, to mix, 
 to stir together, zo-sd buk vok-lUn zo to 
 mix rice and yam together and eat; td- 
 li-sd vdk to stir up with spoon; — piir- 
 vdk s. mingling, a mixture, combination, 
 piir-vdk mat vb. to make a mixture. 
 
 vdk 3., sur-vdk-la monkey-faced, md-rd 
 a-mlem siir-vdk-ld a monkey-faced person. 
 
 vdn 1. probably for van, (van-Id gyen to 
 exert inlying, knavery);i;dy5-ZaTOa«vb. to lie, 
 vdn-ld zdn lying, knavish; vdn-ld yam-bo a 
 liar, a lying, knave. 
 
vdii — vdm 
 
 (vdm)— v6l 
 
 389 
 
 v6n 2. vb. to be in crowds, to be 
 numerous, to be in plenty, to be in 
 abundance. — a-v6n s. abundance, plenty, 
 (said of persons, beasts or things). 
 
 vdn 3. s. bushwood, underwood, bush, 
 m-ryo von s. a forest with underwood, 
 un kin von s. bushwood growing or lying 
 on banks of river. 
 
 (vdn 4.) pun-vdn s. new settlers in a 
 place, new comers, pun-vdn sun-gryen an 
 immigrant, p.-v. lat new settlers to come. 
 
 vdn fam-blyak s. a species of butterfly. 
 
 vdii tuk-ndl s. a slug. 
 
 vdt 1. s. a bee, large:' spec, than hii. 
 q. V. vdt fu honey of ditto, vot-ha wax 
 of ditto. 
 
 vdt 2. vb. to cut back of bamboo in 
 a transverse way, see pd-tswn, pa-tsuni 
 vot-fo to carve round; pd-far-ka md-vdt- 
 ne the pd-far is not cut in that way. 
 
 vdn 1. vb. to roost (as bird), to retire 
 to rest, appl. to any beast. — a-von s. 
 the place where fowls roost; a-von lyan. 
 
 vdn 2. vb. to enter into, to pass into, 
 to initiate, to enter into the spirit of a 
 thing, to look well after one's own 
 affairs or after anything, li-ka von vb. to 
 enter into house; 7iy6t von non gone to 
 look after one's fields; tek-han-ka von to 
 enter into service ; a-re-pdn hd-yu td-bdk- 
 ka vdn gdh Id hd-yu td-bdk-ka vdn ydn 
 md-yd-ne when they had eaten them up, 
 it could not be known that they had 
 eaten them Ex.; — (sex. interc): hii- 
 lyan-ka vdn-nd go into her Gr.; — a-lut- 
 ka vdn to enter into heart, to be pleased; 
 ho m vdn-bam-mun go what are you 
 prying at. — vdn lyan s. entrance, inlet. 
 — a-vdn s. 1. id. a-vdn lyan the place 
 of entrance, 2. explet. to a-tsdk. — vydn 
 cans, vydn lyo to receive J. 
 
 vdm 1. s. salt, vdm-klyam the flavour 
 of salt, salt is good; vdm klyom ndn to 
 have lost its flavour; a-yu fdt a-re-sd vdm 
 re gum yan vdm-re klyom ndn gdn sd-lom 
 mat-ha klyam te ye are the salt of the 
 earth but if the salt have lost its savour 
 where-with shall it be salted; Am yu-re 
 
 id-gum kdn ndk-lun vdm dum-pu nun ndn 
 his wife looked back from behind him, 
 and she became a pillar of salt G.; vdm- 
 zdn like salt, good, 'nidr vdm-zdn-m rih 
 mellifluous language; vdm-s,d to-nun ddk 
 (lit. to suffer from salt etc.) to be un- 
 grateful, hii kd-su vdm-sd to-nun ddk he 
 has been ungrateful to me; vdm-sd to- 
 nun ddk-ho (or ydm-bd) s. an ungrateful 
 person, or unfaithful to one; vdm-sd tyap 
 fa to dip into the salt and eat, to oat 
 with salt, vdm hi vb. to be too salt, to 
 be bitter from salt; vdm tap vb. to salt; 
 vdm nat nyi the salt has strong flavour; 
 — vdm-ld nearly ripe, fam-pdt vdm-ld bam 
 the fruit is nearly ripe. 
 
 (vdm 2.) num-vdm s. a couple, a pair, 
 united for sexual intercourse (man or 
 animal); fo num-vdm a pair of birds, 
 adj. married, coupled, td-gri (td-ayu) num- 
 vdm a married man (female); ntim-vdm 
 bydk or viat vb. to be united in wedlock, 
 said of man or beast; niim-vdm-re mat- 
 bdn duk kydn-sd a-bdn go-pa marriage is 
 the source of all trouble. 
 
 vdm 3., a-vdm s. damp, half wet and 
 half dry, saii a-vdm wood green within 
 and dry without. 
 
 vdr 1. vb. to clasp, to take a grasp of 
 (as of hair, clothes), ki vdr vb. to wind 
 cotton; to grub up (as pig earth). -- 
 tuk-vdr s. tuk-vdr kat a shoulder- and 
 armful (load). 
 
 vdr 2. s. a fish-hook, vdr-ka td-ryek bu 
 lam vb. to bait hook with worm, vdr ham 
 sun-hi s. a hook, rod and line, vdr-jii s. 
 the barb of hook. — 
 
 tuk-vdr see pg. 131 (from tuk-po and 
 vdr). 
 
 (vdr 3.) tuk-vdr s. a drain, ditch, gutter 
 i. q. tuk-ci-vo Tbr. M. See under so (rain). 
 
 vdl vb. t. to carry, the shoulder pressed 
 against the upper side of chest, sd-dydr 
 mi vdl to carry gun that way, co vol to 
 carry book, dyen ban vdl to carry or 
 support child in ditto position. — tuk- 
 vdl s. a bundle as of sticks, not cloth. 
 tak-vdl tak adj. as much as a bundle. 
 
390 
 
 vyan — vyak 
 
 vyan— vyum 
 
 vydn see van. 
 
 vyat vb. t. to ask, to inquire, c. c. -ka, 
 vydt-td-yam-o (he) asked; rijak vydt see 
 ryak and under Ida 3.; vydt lat or non 
 vb. to come to ask, vydt lyau s. source 
 of information, sdn-gye 16m vydt lyan yuk- 
 viun |the source of information (or in- 
 quiring place for-) on religious (buddhistic) 
 affairs is the priest, vydf-sim-bo or 
 -mm-bo an inquirer, vydt-bo-re s. the 
 questioner. — a-rydt s. inquiring, asking, 
 a-vydt rin s. inquiry. — fam-vydt s. 1. a 
 question, inquiry after, 2. salutation, fam- 
 vydt mat vb. to question, to salute, to 
 send compliments, fam-vydt tap vb. to 
 pass the question (marriage). 
 
 vyan vb. t. to set up, to plant, to fix, 
 i. q. fyanf md-ro vyan to carry sick man 
 Tbr. M. 
 
 vyan caus. of van 2. q. v. 
 
 vyar: vydr-rd vydr-rd thoroughly ripe, 
 zo vydr-rd vydr-rd nun (rice) to be thor- 
 oughly ripe. 
 
 vyar 1. s. a snare for birds; see vyer. 
 
 vyar 2. adj. quick, kyon vydr-ld dan vb. 
 to run quickly. 
 
 (vyar 3.) a-vyar explet. of a-nyor (ear). 
 
 vyar-ju, vyar-rik s. name of a climbing 
 shrub: a spec. Acacia. 
 
 vyal vb. t. to shake, to wag, to toss, 
 to flutter, to wave, see under kd-ju, a- 
 fyak; vydl nydn vb. to sell Tbr. 
 
 vyal vb. t. to darn, to stitch up a hole 
 in a cloth, diim vydl to stitch up hole (not 
 to patch) in cloth (simply to stitch with- 
 out adding cloth) — vydl-ld adv. through- 
 out, nam vydl-ld buk Mm zo bam to eat 
 plain yam throughout the year. 
 
 vya vb. t. to hang round (as shoulder- 
 belt, necklace), lyak vya to put en neck- 
 lace, see tuk-zon vya; fd-vya-ld or fvm- 
 vyam-ld open-mouthed, as basket with 
 a short folding front tuh-ddn fd-vya-ld; 
 lower jaw projecting a-krik fd-vya-ld; see 
 fd-vyor-ld under vyor. 
 
 vyak vb. to shake (as water in vessel) 
 nil bii non-ba vyak; vyak-Un dydn vb. to 
 shake and fling away water; — vyak-kd 
 
 vyak-kd the sound of shaking of water, 
 when there is but very little in vessel, 
 hence "very little water in vessel", un 
 vyak-kd vyak-kd mat md-nyin-ne there is 
 very little in. See vyok. 
 
 vyan 1 vb. to talk much, also to curse 
 or swear, a-krik vyan to jaw, su mat vyan 
 bam-mun-g6 what are you jawing about 
 or why are you swearing or cursing. 
 
 vyan 2. vb. to bread maggots, also 
 (maggots) to putrify, vyan-bu s. a maggot, 
 vyan non to become maggoty, vyan bu 
 rum-md rum-md tyu to be creeping with 
 maggots, to be alive with maggots i. q. 
 vyan rum-md rum-md tyu; vyan hrdm vb. 
 to putrify; vyan-bu and vyan-mot s. two 
 specc. of ferns, infusion of both ferns 
 used as an application to kill vyan. 
 
 vyan 3., a-vyan s. a noose, a lasso, 
 handle of scissars, anything in shape of 
 ring; reduplic. fun-vyan-ld crescent moon 
 see Id-vo. 
 
 vyam-la (Jiim-vyam-la) i. q. fd-vya-ld 
 see vya. 
 
 vyar vb. to flash (as lightening or any- 
 thing bright), mik vyar flashing eyes. 
 
 vyal, a-vyal, also vyel s. a side, a part, 
 a-vyal zuk vb. to divide into parts, Im 
 kor-ka o-re gun-nd-pdn lyo-bdn plan ploA- 
 hd cen-liin a-vyel kat kat-sd a-nan-ka rik 
 fo he took unto him all these, and divid- 
 ed them in the midst, and laid each 
 piece" one against another G. 
 
 vyik see vik. 
 
 vyik vb. to handle, to meddle with, to 
 fidget, to disturb, to create contrition, 
 mi md-vyik-ni),n do not meddle with fire, 
 md-ro dyok-ka md-vyik-nvn do not disturb 
 the men at work; fydn-nijm lyan vyik the 
 country is disturbed by the enemy; fdt 
 uii-ka vyik to cause universal disturbance, 
 muii-niin vyik to be deranged in mind, 
 possessed by a demon, a-Mt-ka mun-sd 
 vyik T. bdud-la dban bsgyur-ba P.; sak 
 vyik to have mind disturbed; vyik-bo s. a 
 mischief-maker. 
 
 vyil see vydl. 
 
 vyum s. a creeper, from which a red 
 
vyum-fo — vyen 
 
 vyet— vyo 
 
 391 
 
 dye is extracted, Rubia (cordifolia) M. 
 Wtt. R. 564.; vyum-tb'o the colour from 
 R. — hrok-vyum applied to a species of 
 Vitis: V. repanda. 
 
 vyiim-fo s. a bird Hemipus picatus M., 
 Je 412., W. in R. 2 1 5. Q'viaguvi"). 
 
 vyul-la vyul-la: a-mik vyul-ld vyul-ld ndk 
 vb. to look anxiously for. 
 
 vyek vb. t. to sharpen knife (by rubbing- 
 one against another or in any manner 
 of sharpening; — to put in hand into 
 any hole basket or hollow vessel, to 
 insert; vyek-lun dot vb. to put hand in 
 and take out, vyek-lun 61 vb. to put 
 liaud in and cleanse, vyek-lun tsam vb. 
 to put hand in and catch hold of. See 
 vyik. 
 
 vyen s. a door, an entrance; a window, 
 vyen gvon id. M. 137. — hr vyen s. a 
 gliiss-door or glass-window; lira mik vyen 
 a latticed w.; vyen bron non door to be 
 choked up; vyen brdl\h. to barricade d.; 
 vyen h'yet fo vb. to close d. closely; vyen 
 hap vb. to shut d., vyen t'e-tm kyop vb. 
 to seal up d., vyen sup or dap vb. to 
 close up doorway; vyen ah nan vb. (d.) 
 to be ajar; vyen ok or 6k-io vb. to open 
 d.; vyen ok md-to-nun do not leave the 
 door open; vyen ok-rian-ho an open d.; 
 vyen sd-gdr-ld ok fo vb. to open a little; 
 
 — open place e. c. a-mik vyen, a-mik 
 vyen sd-re f.-sd lom-ka nyim-bo-re-ka in 
 an open place, which is by the way to 
 T. G.; — the parting of hair kin vyerl see 
 under tsom. 
 
 Cpmp. vyen kin s. side-posts of d., a- 
 vi lyo-luii li sd-ba hd-yu-niin zo-sutn-bo- 
 pdn-sd vyen kin nydt sd vyen tyak pldn- 
 ka sit gat-so they shall take of the blood, 
 and strike it on the two side-posts and 
 on the upper door-post of the houses, 
 wherein they shall eat it. Ex.; — vyen 
 kum s. the door-frame; — vyen gd-co s. 
 a lock of d., vyen gd-c6 kyop vb. to lock; 
 
 — vye/i gok s. an impediment to door; 
 vyen gok-bo a porter; — vyen td-rol s. a 
 bolt of door, vyert td-rol tok vb. to bolt 
 door; — vyen tem-pon flights of steps to 
 
 a door, also a threshold; — vyen tok s a 
 narrow door; — vyeh fo a high d.; — 
 vyeii fyak s. the upper door-post; — vyerl 
 mo s. a low d.; — vyeii de mik s. a door- 
 key, vyen de mik an s. the key -hole, 
 vyen de mik kyop vb. to lock d.; — vyen- 
 bon s. a door -way; — cyeh-tsuh before 
 doorway, threshold P.; — vyen ran-bo s. 
 a door-waiter J.; — vyeii lorn s. a passage; 
 
 — vyen ait s. a door-way. 
 
 Deriv. a-vyeii s. a pass, a way thro' 
 mountains, a road with high hills on 
 each side. — tuii-vyen i. q. vyeii s. a door. 
 
 vyet 1. s. a slave, vyet oii id., vyet zdii 
 servile, slave-like, bad, ugly, vyet ul vb. 
 to sell a slave, vyet mat-luii ul, vb. to 
 sell into slavery, vyet-sd fo lyot vb. to 
 enfranchise slave; vyet mat vb. to bury 
 Tbr. (performed by slaves). — vyet kiip 
 "humble servant," td-ayil vyet s. a maid, 
 ik r.-sd td-uyii vyet h.-nun a-kvp co-ltu) 
 uy.-ka td-gri kvp nydt gyek byi and B. 
 R.'s maid conceived again and bare J. 
 a second son G. — kd vyet, kd vyet s. the 
 little finger; vyet t^u s. bondage Ex. vyet 
 t-ia a-tom-nun mat-lim for cruel bondage. 
 
 vyet 2. see vydt. 
 
 vyen vb. to shake, to tremble (as body 
 from cold, fear, pain or any passion) 
 lok giin-nd kur-pdn-ka nan-bo-re vye7i tet 
 so that all the people that was in the 
 camp trembled Ex. — a-vyen s. trembling 
 from fear, trepidation, a-vyen a-fydr id.; 
 a-vyen a-fydr-sd bam to be in trepidation. 
 
 — niim-vyen s. trembling, shaking, n.-v. 
 num-fydr shaking, trembling, shivering 
 n.-v. n.-f. lat a fit of shivering to come on. 
 
 vyer 1. vb. to neigh, oii vyer the horse 
 neighs. 
 
 vyer 2. s. a sort of trap for birds, 
 vyer fik vb. to hang ditto, see vydr. 
 
 vyer 3. see sUk-vyer. 
 
 vye!, a-vyel see vyal. 
 
 vyo 1. s. bone of leg a- fori vyo ; radius 
 of arm kd-vyo. 
 
 vyo 2. a-vyo adj. unfinished; middle, 
 intermediate, inconclusive (as speach), 
 dyok a-vyo nun the work is left unfinished, 
 
392 
 
 vydk — vydl 
 
 sa — sa 
 
 sd-dyak a-vyo s. interval between the sd- 
 iiyak a-tek i. e. between the 1st and 
 4 th and 4th and 8 th days after 
 death of male or between the 1st and 
 3rd and 3rd and 6th of female; — a- 
 vyo rin li vb. to speak inconclusively. 
 
 vydk vb. 1 . to be shaken, to be agitated 
 (as water), to undulate see vyon; 2. to 
 be cut out as piece (of flesh), to be cut off. 
 
 vydn 1. vb. n. to coil (as rope) tuk-po 
 vydn-nd;'mun-kyekvydntodart(ligh.tenmg); 
 a-vyon s. a coil of rope. 
 
 vydn (2. id. q. 1.?) explet. to un q. v. 
 See vydk. 
 
 vydt 1. vb. to put round, to wind round, 
 bu-nun tiik-tok-ka vydt snake (to) wind 
 round neck, san-rik-kiin vydt to be bitten 
 by* snake Tbr. See vdt under vd 3. 
 
 vydt 2., sak vydt see bydt, bo 2. 
 
 vydn caus. of vdn (to cause to enter). 
 
 vydr s. the capacity of hand or mouth, 
 a handful, a mouthful; also large mouth, 
 bon vydr kat nydt man md-nyin-ne there 
 
 is only one or two mouthful; boh vydr 
 a-tim a large mouthful, a-kd vydr lyo 
 take a handful. — fd-vydr-ld projecting 
 (upper jaw), contrary to fd-vya-Jd q. v.; 
 a-bon fd-vydr-ld having a large mouth; 
 a-min a-cum a-tdn bon a-tim having the 
 lower jaw small and upper large, as an 
 elephant. — a-vydr 1. s. a handful, 2. adj 
 very wide as mouth. 
 
 vydl 1. caus. of vdl. 
 
 vydl 2. vb. to go and return at one 
 time, vydl-ldt vb. to go and return at ono 
 time, to make one trip of. 
 
 vydl 3. vb. to be too long (as clothes), 
 see under ddr, to be large: mik-vydl 1. 
 large round eyes, 2. name of butterfly. 
 — cyil-ld vydl-ld large (as interstices, 
 spots) or wide; also at intervals, tti/i- 
 grydn mik vyil-ld vydl-ld a basket with 
 large interstices, vyil-ld vydl-ld lat vb. to 
 come at intervals; vyil-ld vydl-ld pi vb. 
 to write large; — vM-ld vydl-ld id. See 
 vydr. 
 
 sa the twenty- sixth letter of the so- 
 called Lepcha-alphabet T. ^ like the 
 English s. — In T. words for T. ts, is' e. c. 
 *t'e-som i. q. fe-fsom, da-sd i. q. zla-tia. 
 
 sa- by prefixing sd- are formed: 1. 
 nouns signifying: atmospherical phe- 
 nomena: weather, wind, rain, snow; sun, 
 stars; distribution of time, seasons; e. c. 
 sd-mdt (from mdt, mut), sd-ndn, sd-fyii.m, 
 sd-ciyak, sd-nyi, sd-tmk, sd-hdr etc. see 
 under so. — 2. abstract nouns for fortune, 
 misfortune, virtues, vices, e. c. sd-zu, sd- 
 tsu, sd-ham etc. — 3. names of animals 
 and plants, (trees and creepers) e. c. 
 sd-ar, sd-kd; sd-bryo jH etc. — 4. other 
 nomina e. c. sd-po., sd-gdr and adverbia 
 e. c. sd-gdn., sd-rdh etc. — 5. c. -Id (postp.) 
 adverbia from verbal roots, e. c. sd-gli-ld 
 
 distinctly fr. gli; sd-gli-ld si (fyo) to see 
 (to hear) distinctly; sd-nup-ld (dak) pains 
 in body as from fatigue, see nup; — see 
 under the following roots: kar, kyam, 
 gal (gdl), cu, cen, jd, ji(II'), jin, jit, fak, 
 t'ydm (fydni), du(b'), c?oA;(l), no (not), pya, 
 pldn, plen, flin (flin), bydt(2), brii, mlyd, 
 zd, zor, tsdr, ryen (rin), hyu, vd etc. — 
 without -Id see kiil (reduplicated) rah 
 reh etc. etc. See also sUk-, sUh-, stir-. 
 
 -sa postpos. I. 1. forms the genetive 
 c. M. 29; as md-rd-sd a-yu another's wife, 
 the wife of a man. — 2. a possessive c. 
 as M-sd a-gyap nyi he has plenty, also 
 kd-sH-sd md-nyin-ne (or go md-nyin-ne) I 
 have not; see also -ka; — 3. in objective 
 sense: zo zo-sd md-nyin-ne there is no 
 rice to eat P; — 4. forms adjectives 
 
-sa 
 
 sa- 
 
 393 
 
 M. 100— 101 as a-fom-sd lorn or ro-wun- 
 sd I6m a dangerous (fearful) road; ydn- 
 sd i. q. yom-bo called, sun-gi ydn-sd tam- 
 cdn a beast called 'fti^P., kun-sd wooden, 
 fdt-sd earthen, a-kup byom dyit-sd em- 
 bryonic, td-gd-nun tal-ld-sd rin foolish 
 language, pun-jen-sd li ti-mo nyi yan-ld 
 vyen md-nyin-ne-yam-o there stands a 
 great iron palace without windows P. — 
 5. in its possessive sense expresses 
 "worth" as kom fd-no-sd luk a sheep 
 worth five rupees; su-sd par-so with 
 what shall I buy it? -^ 6. forms an in- 
 strumental case e. c. a-kd-sd buk to beat 
 with the hand, blin-sd bor vb. to carry 
 by means of poles; md-ro kom-sd top vb. 
 to help a man with money. — 7. forms 
 genetive of verbal roots see under 
 3, 4; li-sd md-nyin-ne there is no use 
 speaking. — 8. -sd(^-o) forms a polite 
 mode of speaking (precative) as kd-siim 
 bo-sd-o give (it) me if you please, kd-su 
 pldn-ka td-bo nyi-sd-o glory over me Ex. 
 but it often is just used for -md-o or-pa 
 q. V. See' under td- 1. — 9. genet, absolut. 
 (cfr. flT in Newari.) belonging to, re- 
 garding, respecting, relating to, with 
 regard to, relative; in case, when e. c. 
 hu fi-wiin-sd in case he arrives; ay. ku- 
 do num-sdn lycin ti-wun-sd when J. was 
 come unto his brethren Gr. ; mak-kun-sd 
 when he was dying or at death; — with 
 particles : ydn-sd it was thus. 
 
 -sd-ld an emph. particle: certainly lat- 
 sd-ld md-nyin-ne he certainlyhas not come; 
 mi^ka fap-sd/i-sd-ld fdn-so if you put it 
 into the fire, it will certainly burn; as 
 soon as or immediately M fi-sd-ld go 
 non-so as soon as or immediately he 
 arrives, I will go. — 
 
 -sd lyan-ka upon, upon occasion of, 
 thereupon etc., a-re-sd lyan-ka there- 
 upon, kd-yu-sd non ydn li-sd lyan-ka hu 
 sak-lyak non-ne on telling him to go with 
 us, he became angry. 
 
 II *a and, in opp. to mw q. v. {tin com- 
 bines sentences, sd single words) e. c. go 
 sd hu I and he; — rum sd mun sd pd- 
 
 no the good spirit and evil spirit and 
 king; — with, in connection with a-do 
 sd md-bam-nd-so (I) will not live with 
 you; hu sd a-^om a-tun-sd rin lin md- 
 Kun-ne (they) could not speak peaceably 
 unto him G.; lyaA-sd a-fin md-ro re-nun 
 kd-yu-sd rin a-tsdk li-lun the man, who 
 is the lord of the land spake roughly to 
 
 us G. sd mat compared with e. c. kd- 
 
 ju-sd sd-kd mat-ba the chamois compared 
 with the dog; yan-ld rUm-ka hii-do bo til 
 mat-sd hu-do-mtlm riim-sd ran-ro mat but 
 (said also) that God was his father 
 making himself S^qual with God. — forms 
 distributive numerals by reduplication 
 the cardinals with sa intervening e. c. 
 kat sd kat one by one M. 118. 
 
 sa- corral, of a, o q. q. v. sd-re which, 
 who rel. interr. 
 
 Compounds: sd-tat i. q. sd-tet (sd-tydt, 
 sd-tyei); — sd-tet how many, how much, 
 how far etc. M. 44; sd-tet k'u tet as much 
 as possible; sd-tet nyi-wiiu go how much 
 is there; sd-tet gram gdn ryu-so the 
 quicker the better; sd-tet gat tet as much 
 as you please; sd-tet nyi tet as much as 
 there is; sd-tet fi non-sdit-gd-d when will 
 you go; sd-tet bam-sdn-go-d how long 
 will you remain; sd-tet zon gdn-ld\ioyiQN&v 
 good; sd-tet rii-ld non-sdn-go how far will 
 you go; sd-tet ru-wUn-go how far is it; 
 sd-tet fdl-luii-go how near is it; sd-tet 
 hrydn-niin-gd how long is it; sd-tet si tet 
 as far as you see, all you see; sd-tet si 
 tet man-p6 md-nyin-ne except what you 
 see, there is nothing; sd-tet-kd non-sdn- 
 go when will you go; sd-tet-ka par-rHn-go 
 what did you pay for it; sd-tet-ka Hl-sdn- 
 gd for how much will you sell it. — sd- 
 tet-ld much, sd-tet-ld md-pyel-ne not very 
 tired, sd-tet-ld md-nyin-ne not very much. 
 — sd-tet gdn -Id or sd-tet go -run how- 
 much-soever M. 44; — 
 
 sd-ta (see fa, o-fa) when; sd-fa go-run 
 whenever; sd-ta-nUn or sd-fa-ren since 
 when; sd-fa-ld always; sd-fa-ld md-nyin- 
 ne never. — 
 
 sd-ba interr. where, whither? M. 77, 
 
 25* 
 
394 
 
 sa- 
 
 sa, s& 
 
 sa-ba tet how far, also as far as; sd-ba- 
 nun whence, how; M. 71 go sd-ba-nun yd 
 how do I know? it is also used in the 
 sense of how, without the -nun: go sd-ba 
 3/a; sa-6a ^o-rM>i whithersoever, whereever ; 
 sd-ba-re ba fyo-n6n-ne it is everywhere 
 reported; sd-ba-ld everywhere, sd-ba-ld 
 md-nym-ne nowhere M. 108 lyari sd-ba- 
 ld thro'out the country; sd-ba-ld pu 
 where can it be; sd-ba-ld-nun whence 
 also: how; sd-ba-sd md-ro of what place 
 is the man, from whence is the man. 
 
 sd-bi nearer and more def. than sd-ba 
 where, whither M. 71 tin go nd sd-bi non- 
 sdn-go and I, whither shall I go? G. ; 
 sd-bi bam bi md-ro fam dun md-fi/p-ne 
 it is not proper to repeat what you hear 
 at another's house. 
 
 sd-bon (Old L.) where, whether, on 
 what side M, 72; sd-bon kon in what 
 direction. 
 
 sd-re pron. rel.. interr. which, who, 
 what M. 42, sd-re go which is it? sd gat- 
 bo re lyo take which you please; sd-re-sd 
 of which, whose ; sd-re go-run whichever, 
 whoever; fid-re-pdn (pi.) id. pd-tin sd-re 
 hii-nun plyok-bo-pd/i re the rods which 
 he had pilled G. ; sd-re-ba where; sd-re 
 zon like which, how; sd-re z6n-g6 in what 
 way? M. 77; sd-re zdn-sd md-ro, sd-re re 
 every thing, all, sd-re ru-re id. P.; sd-re 
 — re i. q. sd-re zon; sd-re sak-cin-re zoh 
 li lap a carpet like what he had thought 
 of; sd-re-ld every thing, whatever, which- 
 ever, whoever etc.; sd-re-ld li gdn Kyet 
 ■»ia-w?/m-wa whatever you say is indifferent. 
 
 sd-lem adv. whither, in what direction 
 M. 77; sd-lem non-sdn-go whither shall 
 we go; sd-lem hd non lem whithersoever 
 you go; sd-lem li-gd to whom are you 
 speaking. 
 
 sd-lo adv. how, in what manner M. 141, 
 sd-lo go how is it M. 77; sd-lo go-te how 
 may it be; sd-lo dok-ku/i-gd what-like is 
 it; sd-lo gdn-ld any way, whatsoever M. 74; 
 sd-lo go-run id.; sd-lo yd n how, also why; 
 ik sd-lo ydn kd-pu how do you call it 
 sd-lo -Id how, also: such, so 
 
 again ? 
 
 great, sd-lo-ld md-nyon-ne to feel nothing 
 of any consequence; ik sd-lo-ld md-dok- 
 ne it is still too large, I want a smaller; 
 sd-lo-ld md-nyin-ne it is nothing; sd-lo 
 mat-Id gdn pd-no kup si-te how shall we 
 manage to get a prince; — sd-lon (instr. 
 of sd-lo?) whither M. 77.; sd-lon kon in 
 what direction; — sd-lom object, of sd-lo 
 how, in what manner; sd-lom mat how; 
 sd-lom mat-ba ryu-so what is best to be 
 done; sd-lom mat-sdn-go what shall we 
 do; sd-lom mat-lun how; sd-lom ri lorn 
 one way; sd-lom, ri lorn mat gdn md-po- 
 nd whatever you do, it will not profit; 
 sd-lom pu zon or sd-lom kd su zon in what 
 way, indescribable; sd-lom pu z6n or sd- 
 lom kd su zon li vb. to feel indescribable 
 sensation; sd-lom-ba how, by what means, 
 also: why. — sd-lom-bo adj. what sort. — 
 sd-lol-ld any way, every way, any manner 
 M. 73. 
 
 sa, Sei 1. vb. n. (cfr. Burmese sa to be 
 clear) to be well, to be pure, to be 
 cleared out, adv.: sd-ld i. q. ryu-ld or 
 sak-bo-ld, sd-ld mat to make whole J.; 
 with redupl. sd-sd-ld 1. plainly, clear as 
 sky, countenance etc. sd-sd-ld si to see 
 plainly, sd-sd-ld sat to be quite cleared 
 as jungle, sd-sd-ld md-nyin-nd to be 
 cleared out, to have nothing left — 2. 
 empty, void i. q. sd-sd fd-vd q. v. — to 
 be healed, to be cured md-sd-nd kup 
 bit vb. to be pregnant; 
 
 Deriv. a-sd s. recovery from sickness, 
 vb. n. to heal, a-sd gram to heal or recover 
 quickly; a-sd nyok to heal or r. slowly. 
 — td-sd adj. well, cured, td-sd sd le it 
 is well, cured, td-sd sd non or td-sd nun 
 ndn is he come well, is he cured. — 
 Caus. sat 1. vb. t. to clear see ton-so; to 
 clean, to cleanse, to absolve, as road 
 jungle, home, person, to liberate, to deliver, 
 to redeem, to ransom. — 2. vb. n. to be 
 clear as sky. — a-sdt adj. clear (as sky, 
 country), clean (as body). — sdm vb. t. to 
 trim, to put in order, to clear away; to 
 decorate; to brush up, as garden, furniture, 
 body, hair; to keep price-worthy, vb. n. 
 
s& — sa-k6n 
 
 sa-kyam— sa-g6A 
 
 395 
 
 to be innocent, — a-sdm adj. pure, 
 innocent, healthy, happy J.; s. liberty, 
 freedom, a-sdm nun vb. to become free, 
 a-sdm pld-non to be acquitted, a-sdm bi 
 vb. to give freedom, a-sdm zuh vb. to 
 absolve L. Pr. 23.; sdm, kydt-ld mat-td 
 md-ro-nun peace be to you, fear not G. 
 
 — See fu-sdm s. \. fu. 
 
 s& 2. vb. n. to befall, to happen, to 
 occur, cam sd see under cam. 
 
 ''sd 3. T. gsol{-ba) vb. t. to celebrate, 
 to hold, nam sd-ydm-o (he) celebrated the 
 festivities of the new year; td-kry&n sd 
 vb. to praise. 
 
 *sa 4. T. zas s. food of king or great 
 person, pd-no sd; sd co s. tea; sd fop s. 
 kitchen; — sd je ace. M. T. zal-zas or 
 zas bzes(-pa) vb. to eat food; see je 4. 
 
 sa-ka or sa-kd s. the barking -deer, 
 Moschus moschiferus M. ace. Wtt. D. 219 
 the ribfaced deer, barking-deer, Cervulus 
 aureus; sd-kd pyol s. 1, the foot-print of 
 M., 2. pudendum muliebre Tbr.; sd-kd 
 hun vb. to bark; sd-kd iyak cil s. a plant, 
 said to cause a pain in head of sd-kd 
 and to cause him to utter its cry, sd-kd 
 fyak cil pot s. berries eaten by Lepchas. 
 
 — sd-kd mun-hlyak rik s. a creeper; — 
 sd-kd ruk-Um rik or sd-kd Um rik s. a 
 creeper M. 
 
 sa-kan dak s. returns to the mouth (as 
 from indigestion) M. 
 
 sa-kar or sun-kar capsicum, cayenne- 
 pepper, sd-ri or id-ri Tbr.; sun-kar kdn 
 tyuk s. a pestle Tbr.; su/i-kar nok-fdm-bo 
 s. cayenne or red pepper; — sUn-kar pyun 
 rik s. a species of creeper. 
 
 sa-kun or sun-kun kuii s. a tree, spec. 
 Ficus, from which they extract dyok the 
 bird lime (white) ace. Wtt. F. 223 Ficus 
 mysorensis. — sUn-kiin kiir-tydk spec. moth. 
 
 sa-ku s. 1. a species of marten Martes 
 flavigula (the blackcapped marten), 2. a 
 spec, of large ant; — sd-ku td-byen s. a 
 spec, of butterfly. 
 
 sa-kon i. q. sa-kon s. an earring. 
 
 sa-kdn s. whitewash, lime, sd-kon sit 
 vb. to whitewash. 
 
 sa-kyam s. rheumatic pains sd-kydm ddk. 
 
 sa-kyar muii s. an evil spirit that calls 
 at night, troubles people at night by 
 flinging earth over them; — sd-kydr fo 
 s. a spec, of owl (same as above). 
 
 sa-kyu s. the god of corn, also of produce 
 in general, sd-kyii cd (he being propitious) 
 a good crop, sd-kyii nyim-bo adj. s. 
 profitable, one full of good things. 
 
 sa-krft s. a pickle made from the young 
 shoots of bamboo: sd-krii bis. the young 
 shoots of bamboo cut and pressed and 
 made into a mass and eaten. — sd-krit-fo 
 s. black-headed shrike, Lanius tricolor 
 also the grey-backed shrike L. nepalensis 
 M. ace. W. R. 215. Lanius nigriceps. 
 Je. 404; L. tephronotus Je. 403. 
 
 sa-kro s. the flower at head of stalk 
 of maize M. 
 
 sa-kryum s. the soap-wort. 
 
 sa-klyam .fo s. the gold -fronted green 
 bulbul Phyllornis aurifrons, the blue- 
 winged g. bulbul Phyllornis Hardwickii. 
 M. Je. 2, 99/100. 
 
 sa-Rye s.theyukmun'sportion of produce, 
 tithe. 
 
 sa-gdn i. q. sd-dii slow, sd-gdn mat vb. 
 to be slow, to be deliberate, sd-gdn-ld 
 slowly, gently. 
 
 sa-gah Tbr. sd-gan pum tsdt non i. q. 
 a-mak pum tsdt non M. 
 
 sa-gan for rim-gan q. v. 
 
 sa-gi a name of God, the representation 
 of power, sd-gi fat s. the offering the 
 annual festival of s., sd-gi lyot vb. to 
 offer ditto. 
 
 sa-guk s. a small species of fig; there 
 are five species the largest of which is 
 the 1. kUn-don; (2. kO-n-tek 3. kUn-din 4. sd- 
 guk 5. sim-ji q. q. cfr.) 
 
 sa-gok kun applied to two species of 
 Magnolia: sa-gok dum Michelia excelsa 
 M., (ace. Wtt. M. 545 ''sigugrip" Michelia 
 excelsa) sd-gok hyir Magnolia Campbellii 
 M. (ace. Wtt. M. 49 "sigumgrip" id.) sd- 
 gok a-mot Michelia excelsa, sd-gok a-bu 
 red Magnolia; see sd-fuk; tun-ji sd-gok kun. 
 
 sa-gdn within, interval, among, sd-gdn- 
 
396 
 
 sa-gdr— sa-grydn 
 
 sa-grydm— sa-ta ra-ta 
 
 ka within, among, dr-sa sd-gon-ka nan 
 gat-so-yam-o in the inner room of this 
 (hell) you must remain P.; sd-gon kon 
 s. the inside; sd-g&h krut secret council; 
 sd-gon dak an internal pain; sd-gon md- 
 ro or sd-gon-mo s. a domestic servant; 
 sd-gon rin s. a secret; sd-g&h a-tson 
 internal purity; sd-gdn hah vb. to be 
 gutted, as dead animal having its entrails 
 taken out, also appl. to female giving 
 birth to dead child; sak-ddk sd-goh-ka in 
 sorrow. 
 
 sa-gdr s. a cliff, a precipice, expletive : 
 ■uk-nu, sd-gor siik-nu s. a steep precipice; 
 adj. difficult, sd-g6r ten very precipitous, 
 sd-gor tsen a very high cliff or precipice, 
 sd-gor mak non said when bees, which 
 have had their nest on a precipice, have 
 left it; a-lut-sd gor zdh fearless; sd-gor 
 a-mik a-buk din nan a narrow steep 
 precipice; sd-g6rydk s. the top of precipice, 
 sd-gor bdh s. the base of p., sd-gor vyen 
 a. a defile, a pass or the entrance of ditto. 
 
 sa-gyeii s. the goral (deer) Nemorhoedus 
 goral M. ace. Wtt. S. 1247 Antilope goral, 
 Cemas goral; — sd-gyeh v6 s. a kind of 
 arrow, see tsoh. 
 
 sa-gram adv. below, under, inferior to, 
 U sd-gram the house below; sd-gram 
 nan-bo the one beneath, a dependant, 
 sd-gram nun vb. to be subdued; sd-gram- 
 ka underneath ; sd-gram-ka tap vb. to place 
 below, to subdue; sd-gram-bo s. adj. the 
 one beneath, an inferior. See under sak. 
 
 sa-gri kun s. a tree, Populus ciliata M., 
 Wtt. P. 1148. 
 
 sa-grut s. loose watery stool, dyitsd-grut. 
 
 sa-grup s. the warp in weaving. 
 
 sa-grek s. the gullet, sd-grek kul-tu-ka 
 fi vb. to fall into a strait, into difficulty, 
 to reach the point of death, sd-grek ddk 
 vb. to have sore throat; sd-grek tsup vb. 
 to have gullet stopped up; sd-grek-ka 
 nyon vb. to stick in throat as fish-bone. 
 
 sa-grydii s. the collar-bone, clavicle, 
 sd-gryoh kri the hollow above c, sd-gryoh 
 .fat vb. to dislocate c. ; to refuse to eat 
 food with another Tbr. 
 
 sa-grydm s. land cut for cultivation nydt 
 sd-grydm. 
 
 sa-nafi vb. n. to stop suddenly, to halt, 
 to wait, sd-hah dih id., sd-hah mat id. to 
 start as from fear. 
 
 sa-nun s. a lizard M. sd-nun pr6 i. q. 
 nd-m6r zo Tbr. 
 
 sa-iiok s. the tree-frog, ace. Hooker 
 ^'■simook" a tree-frog I, 165. 
 
 sa-iiom rik s- a white flower. 
 
 *sa-cak s. Felis jubata, sd-cdk nor s. a 
 dog Tbr. sd-cdk lik ace. M. Tbr. for c6 
 su q. V. ace. Wtt. T. 432 "satchuk" the 
 clouded leopard Felis nebulosa, "sejjiak" 
 or '■'syiak" the leopard or panther Felis 
 pardus ibd. 434. fr. T. gsd-lcugs. 
 
 sa-ci s. a spec, of deer (serow) Nemo- 
 rhoedus bubalina M. Wtt. S. 1264., sd-ci 
 fik the serow spits. 
 
 *sa-cdn T. zas-cah s. (meat and drink, 
 spirits) applied by the Lepchas to the 
 drink of king or great person, spirits of 
 ditto. M. 
 
 sa-nyan or suii-nyan nyan s. a spec, of 
 Lobellia; also a spec, of white grub spec, 
 of Id kom. 
 
 sa-nyf 1. see under nyi. 2. a spec, of 
 tree-frog sd-nyi sd-hok. 
 
 *sa-nyfm T. bsod-snyoms s. alms, charity 
 P. sd-nyim kyop vb to beg P. sd-nyim 
 kyop-bo or s.-ny. gyuk-bo s. a beggar ; sd- 
 nyim hyi vb. to give alms. 
 
 sa-nyim (see nyirn) s. 1 . n. of a flower, 
 the coxcomb, Celosia cristata; 2. a red 
 colour; 3. a spec, of suh-kri q. v.; 4. the 
 black-fleshed fowl hik sd-nyim see niim- 
 .nyim under nyim; — sd-nyim plek fo s. 
 striated green bulbul, Criniger flaveolus 
 R. 213, Alcurus striatus Je. 2, 81 see 
 ddn-c6p-fo. 
 sa-nyo s parched rice. 
 sa-nydl; sd-nyol kuh see under nyol, 
 nyol-ldh; nydl kuh. 
 
 sa-ta ra-ta contrivance, artifice, scheme, 
 design, plan, craft; sd-td rd-td mat vb. 
 to project, to devise, to scheme, to con- 
 trive, sd-td rd-td mat-bo s. a contriver; 
 sd-td rd-td niat-Mh fop vb. to get by 
 
*sa-tdn — sa-t'an 
 
 sa-t'a — sa-dat 
 
 397 
 
 contrivance, ho sd-cen md-bo-nd gdn go 
 sd-td rd-td mat-lun top-so if you do not 
 give it to me of your own accord, I will 
 get it one way or another. 
 
 *sa-t^n fr. set-tan adv. forcibly, violently, 
 sd-tdn lik vb. to call out loud; sd-tdn 
 ayok zuk vb. to do work with violence. 
 
 sa-tak advly. a little, a few, sd-tak z6n 
 li vb. to speak only a little, sd-tak tydt 
 non-so I will just go for a minute. See 
 takl.? 
 
 sa-tak pa s. a flower, the flag, Iris. M. 
 
 sa-tap (see so-tap under so 2.) s. hail, 
 o-lom mat-sdn sd-tap un sd-tap-sd dyep- 
 ka sd-dydr nyak-ka a-jdn sd-re zdn-bo mi- 
 zdr lyan-ka o-ba mi-7i6 bam-ren sd-t'a-ld 
 md-nyin-num-bo nyi so there was hail, 
 and fire mingled with the hail, very 
 grievous, such as there was none like it 
 in all the land of E., since it became a 
 nation Ex. — sd-tap lyak s. a necklace 
 of white stones; sd-tap muk or sd-tap 
 mon muk s. a plant. 
 ' sa-tar splitting as handle of ban, when 
 used, ban fut sd-tar nun-non the handle 
 of my b. is split. — sd-tar-ld adv. id. 
 
 sa-ti pro or sun-ti pro s an excrescent, 
 a parasite (tree-p.), an epiphyte; s.-ti pro 
 fo s. n. of a bird, firebreasted flower- 
 pecker Myzanthe ignipectus Je. 377. 
 
 sa-to s. the lard, the fat of animals, 
 which is eaten. 
 
 sa-tuii, td-bdk sd-tun-ld cat vb. to have 
 a sharp pain in stomach. 
 
 sa-tum s. 1. the wild dog M.; wolf J. 
 see can-gu, can-Ku; sd-tum-nun hok vb. 
 to be gutted by wild dog (as deer etc.) 
 2. a spec, of sun-kri q. v. 
 
 sa-tet see tet and sd-. 
 
 sa-td s. sort of bronze, sd-to gym' s. a 
 bronze-bracelet. 
 
 sa-tyd s. the hog- deer, Cervus por- 
 cinus. 
 
 sa-t'a obsc. Tbr. : sd-td dydn copulare. 
 
 sa-t'an and sa-fdn s the tiger, Felis 
 tigris Wtt. T. 437., T. stag; sd-fdn nam 
 the tiger-year M. 141.; sd-tdn nyur (tiger) 
 to growl; — sd-fdn kup s. a tiger-cub; 
 
 sd-fdn can a caught and confined tiger; 
 sd-fdn tuk-brok s. the claws of tiger; sd- 
 fdn dor s. a spec, of fungus; sd-fdn fuk 
 ju s. a creeper; sd-fdn bik s. a game 
 similar to mik mon q. cfr. sd-fdn bik ku 
 vb. to play at ditto, see W. in R. 335n.; 
 sd-fdn rin rough language, abuse, as dun- 
 ka tsum-ba a-lyu rin m,at td-gum van-lun- 
 sd sd-fdn rin dot when in your presence 
 he speaks civily, but behind your back 
 abuses; sd-fdn hlo "tiger-hill", n. pr. of 
 a hill, near Kursiong "Sitong" W. 64.; 
 sd-fdn sdk ndk-bo s. a bird (hill-tit, white- 
 eared, green) M. 
 
 sa-t'a see under sd-. 
 
 sa-t'an awe?, sd-fan matYh. to be awe- 
 struck M. 
 
 sa-t'an vb. to wait, kam sd-fan-nd wait 
 a little M. 
 
 sa-t'i (fr. fi ?) s. a calamity, a mis- 
 fortune, sd-ti glo no A vb. to fall into 
 misfortune. — sd-fim mun s. an evil 
 spirit ace. M. cholera? See under dek. 
 
 sa-ffm s. a porcupine, Hystrix longi- 
 cauda Wtt. P. 1172, sd-tim cd s. a por- 
 cupine's quill, sd-fim cd op a p. shoots 
 its quills, sd-fim cd fdl (id.) to shed quills. 
 
 sa-t'd 1. (see fd) s. enfranchisement, 
 forgiveness, absolution, sd-fo lyot vb. to 
 enfranchise, to forgive; vyet sd-fo lyot to 
 enfranchise a slave; tsen-bo sd-fo lyot to 
 set free a prisoner, fam-cdn a-cdn sd-td 
 lyot to set at liberty a confined animal 
 (as tiger), Id-yo sd-fo lyot vb. to for- 
 give sins. 
 
 sa-t'd 2. s. a composite metal, hard lead. 
 Cfr. sd-td. 
 
 sa-t'dn explet. to pUn-byon see under 
 by on 1. 
 
 *sa-t'dp T. gsol-fab: pd-no sd-fop hon. 
 s. a kitchen of king or rather fireplace. 
 
 sa-t'yet ace. W. Lanius tephronotus 
 R. 215 see sd-krik-fo. 
 
 sa-dan Run s. a tree, Boehmeria rugosa 
 ''sedeng'' Wtt. B. 615. 
 
 sa-daii tet i. q. sd-lyup tet. 
 
 sa-dat s. a jerking motion, sd-dat-ld tydl 
 vb. to throw a thing down with a jerking 
 
398 
 
 sa-di — sa-dyar 
 
 sa-dyan — sa-na 
 
 dash, sd-dat-ld dek vb. to break with 
 a jerk. 
 
 sa-di n. pr. of a lake, sd-di sd-mo nyo. 
 
 sa-du s. spec, of yam. 
 
 sa-du bf s. a species of creeper, a 
 prickly vegetable. 
 
 sa-dyat s. aching pain, sd-dydt di vb. to 
 have a. p. 
 
 sa-dyar and sa-dyer s. a thunderbolt, 
 T. rdo-rje; the name of 5 th cycle of 
 years sd-dydr nam M. 140. — sd-dydr mun- 
 fan s. thunderbolts, sd-dydr mun-fdn rin 
 or sd-dydr rin loud thundering language ; 
 sd-dydr so-ram s. thunderbolt and thunder; 
 sd-dydr cit kon vb. to cause a person to 
 be struck by sd-dydr; sd-dydr pld i. q. 
 sd-dydr Idt, sd-dydr sut-ld pld to go off 
 with a puff (as gunpowder); sd-dydr pld 
 lot vb. i. q. sd-dydr pld or to crash forth; 
 sd-dydr zdk vb. to be struck by thunder- 
 bolt; sd-dydr lot thunderbolt to fall. 
 
 Compounds: sa-(i[i/arA:M'/i s. spec. Opun- 
 tia. — sd-dydr ci bik s. spec, of beetle. 
 — sd-dydr mvn-prek s. ace. M. a spec, of 
 woodpecker, ace. W. i. q. sd-dydr prdk 
 orpreA black woodpecker. Pious majoroides 
 M. Je. 271. — sd-dydr pijk-fo s. species 
 of woodpecker. — sd-dydr fo s. the tree- 
 creeper Certhia discolor M. Je. 381. — 
 sd-dydr mi s. a gun, a fowling-piece, 
 sd-dydr mi mo s. a cannon, sd-dydr mi- 
 ka j6n-ham-bo s. one experienced in arms, 
 sd-dydr mi ka-zol s. the part of flint-gun 
 against which flint strikes; sd-dydr mi kal 
 s. the hammer of gun, sd-dydr mi kal kat 
 Jirya vb, to half-cock (to pull once), sd- 
 dydr mi kal nydt hrya vb. to pull twice, 
 sd-dydr mi kal fyot vb. to cause hammer 
 to descend as by pulling trigger, sd-dydr 
 mi kit s. the lock of gun, sd-dydr mi kuk 
 s. the stock of gun; sd-dydr mi Ka-sur 
 s. the priming -pan or touch -hole; 
 sd-dydr mi Ka-sur dyak ydn md-tdp- 
 ne it but flashed in the pan; sd-dydr mi 
 gun-da s. the butt-end of gun; sd-dydr 
 mi gli-kan s. a single-barrelled gun; sd- 
 dydr mi a-gli barrel, s.-d. mi a-gli teop 
 or s.-d. mi ton tsop or s.-d. mi ton nyi 
 
 bryok a double-barrelled gun; sd-dydr mi 
 nyor s. the priming-pan; sd-dydr mi da 
 gy&n s. a gun-shot distance; sd-dydr mi 
 bam fok s. a match for firing gun; sd- 
 dydr mi bon s. the mouth of barrel; sd- 
 dydr mi brydk-bo s. a double-barrelled gun 
 M. 118.; sd-dydr mi za tson s. a ram-rod" 
 sd-dydr mi tsap s. the trigger, sd-dydr mi 
 tsap dyep vb. to press ditto, s.-d. mi ts- 
 tyop vb. to carry arms; sd-dydr mi Idn 
 s. the flint; sd-dydr mi Idn pyit vb. to 
 fix in flint; sd-dydr mi la sd-gri s. a 
 matchlock; sd-ddr mi a-ron-nyim-bo a sort 
 of fowling-piece with prop; sd-dydr mi- 
 ka dyu tap vb. to load with ball; sd-dydr 
 mi-ka ze Idk vb. to charge with powder- 
 sd-dydr mi tan vb. to go off, sd-dydr mi 
 tan ton s. a shooting-gallery or place, 
 sd-dydr mi md-fdn-ne to flash fire; sd- 
 dydr mi dydt vb. to kick in going off; 
 sd-dydr mi dyun vb. to exercise arms; 
 sd-dydr mi pok ndk vb. to take aim; sd- 
 dydr mi'pyi vb. to scour gun; sd-dydr mi 
 vHr bam vb. to bore gun; sd-dydr mi bu' 
 non vb. barrel to burst; sd-dydr mi ze ti 
 vb. to ram down powder; sd-dydr mi lyot 
 hrya vb. to put down trigger; sd-dydr mi 
 hydn vb. to shoulder; sd-dydr mi vol vb. 
 to slope arms; sd-dydr mi sat vb. to clean 
 gun; sd-dydr mi op vb. to fire off gun; 
 sd-dydr mi ton-ayixk op vb. to fire blank 
 cartridge. 
 
 sa-dyan or sUn-dyan explet. of sd-ly6p 
 q. v., sd-lyop sd-dyan tHk-mdl the flashing 
 of sheet-lightening; ace. M. also i. q. 
 num-zdn nydt pd-yuk dot lyap (two friends 
 brandishing their swords). 
 
 sa-dyaii lyaii n. pr. name of a place 
 beyond tiik-t'ar. See sUn-dyan. 
 
 sa-dyin s. choking, gasping, sd-dyin mat 
 vb. to choke, to gasp. 
 
 sa-na s. a bear, tun-gop mo Tbr.; sd- 
 na ka-don a spec, of fern; sd-na da n. pr. 
 "the bear's lair" a L. village W. 71- 
 anglice Sonadah; sd-na li-lum s. a spec- 
 of nettle; sd-na luk-dyen s. a small spec, 
 of bear; sd-na luk din to stand (bear); 
 sd-na lun-bon s. name of large spec, of 
 
sa-num— sa-p6 
 
 sa-pdk— sa-bur 
 
 399 
 
 bear; sd-na sel hum, i. q. \sd-na ka-sel n. 
 of a tree; sd-na sd-gryon a large species 
 of black spider. 
 
 sa-num s. the cat-bear, Ailurus fulgens. 
 
 sa-num Van i. q. sim-num kun s. a tree. M. 
 
 sa-nen (?) ace. Wtt. senen s. a tree, 
 Debregeasia Wallichiana, Wtt. D. 203. 
 
 sa-nd s. a bugle, a clarion Ex., sd-no 
 mdt vb. to blow ditto. 
 
 sa-ndn s. snow, sd-non yu Yh. to snow; 
 sd-non to vb. to be frost-bitten; m-non 
 a-p-liin tyok vb. to pelt with snow-balls; 
 sd-non ji s. small flakes of snow; sd-non 
 dip (for dyup) s. an avalanche. 
 
 sa-ndn kun s. name of tree, Bischoffia 
 javanica Wtt. B. 520. Pahariya: kain-jal. 
 
 *sa-ndm T. bsod-nama s. 1. fortune, luck 
 etc., 2. the forehead of king, *sd-n6m c6 
 felicitous, fortunate; — sd-nom pd-lyup 
 s. a fornicator Tbr. 
 
 sa-ndm sa-du lum-ton lum-ba s. the 
 milky-way. 
 
 sa-ndl muk s. a Procris- or nettle-spec, 
 Urticacea (not stinging), sd-nol muk |&m 
 s. a spec, of leech (not biting). 
 
 sa-pa s. the pangolin, Manis penta- 
 dactylus. 
 
 sa-pat s. an interval of space or time, 
 disjunction, adjly. asunder, also abstracted, 
 disconnected, absent in mind; kam sd-pat 
 tet ndn-ne gone for a little while; sd-pat 
 mat vb. to separate; a-liit sd-pat-ld mat 
 ham to be absent in mind; sd-pat md- 
 mat-nd ayok zuk vb. to stick close to 
 work; rin sd-pat md-mat-nd li to speak 
 without pausing; — sd-pat-ld adv. apart, 
 etc., sd-pat-ld glo vb. to fall off, to come 
 apart and fall; sd-pat-ld zdk vb. to be 
 divided, to be sundered. 
 
 sa-put kuii s. a tree, Litsaea polyantha 
 (Tetranthera monopetala) Wtt. L. 474, 
 sd-put nydk Litsaea sebifolia Wtt. L. 483. 
 
 sa-pum buk i. q. pum buk. 
 
 sa- pa s. a drawbridge? M. 
 
 sa-pd s. a raft, sd-pd ku vb. to guide 
 raft; sd-p6 pldn-ka tsdt vb. to go up on 
 raft; sd-pd glyan s. a rail thrown across 
 the water by catching hold and pressing 
 
 against which the raft is propelled for- 
 wards; — sd-pd pa-son see under pd-son 
 and cem. 
 
 sa-pdk cem vb. to support one's self at 
 arms-length (as acrobates) or hand over 
 hand M. 
 
 sa-pyuk s. the wild goat, the ibex. 
 
 sa-pyek s. spec, of tree (aspen-tree), 
 Mussaenda, sd-pyek nyom zon vydl vb. to 
 shake like an aspen leaf, also rd-pyek. 
 
 sa-pyel fo s. a bird, a spec, fly-catcher, 
 Stoparola melanops M. W. R.. 216. 
 
 sa-fa kun s. a tree ace. M. Saurauja 
 nepalensis, ace. Wtt. Saurauja punduana 
 Wtt. S. 900. 
 
 sa-far s. the pointed bamboo forming 
 the sd-far fyit a kind of fish-trap, see 
 fyit, fit. 
 
 sa-fi s. a tree ace. Wtt. P. 1444 Pyru- 
 laria edulis (Sphaerocarya edulis); sd-fi 
 ju or sd-p rik s. a climbing shrub, Tod- 
 dalia aculeata (Zanthoxylum nitidum). M. 
 
 sa-fuk kuii s. a tree with large broad 
 leaves, Talauma hodgsoni M. Wtt. T. 24., 
 a-nyor sd-fuk nyom zon having large thick 
 ears like the leaf of sd-fuk. 
 
 sa-fok ju s. Rubus rugosus M. ace. Wtt. 
 R. 605: R. moluccanus, a spec, raspberry; 
 sd-fok jii zon met. like that plant i. e. 
 quarrelsome, contentious. 
 
 sa-fyat and suk-fyat s. a flea, sd-fydt 
 tyuk flea to jump, sd-fydt tsuk fleas to 
 swarm; sd-fydt zoh-ho one like a flea. 
 
 sa-fyu s. name of a spec, of garlic 
 mMn-gu. 
 
 sa-fyu kun s. the name of tree bearing 
 a very oily fruit, the oil when expressed 
 being good for pipsa-bites etc. 
 
 *sa-fydn T. gzd-pyon s. the large Indian 
 civet, Viverra Zibetha M. Wtt. T. 441. 
 
 sa-bak s. a kind of matting. 
 
 sa-bdr sa-bar adv. panting for breath, 
 a-som sd-bdr sd-bdr. 
 
 sa-ba and 
 
 sa-bf etc. see under sd- 
 
 sa-bur sa-bur see bur and sd-bdr sd-bdr 
 and kur-gii. 
 
 sa-bur s. a musk-deer, sd-biir sd-ydl 
 
400 
 
 sa-bdn — sa-mydn 
 
 sa-tsij— sa-ryo 
 
 rum, sd-bur fin or sd-bur td-fut s. the 
 musk-gland, sd-bur kam ("musk-deer" — 
 "rock") n. pr. Anglice Subarkum, amoun- 
 tain W. 64. 
 
 sa-b6n see under sd- 
 
 sa-brak s. name of a tree with fine red 
 flowers, Luculia gratissima; ace. Wtt. 
 " simbrangrip" Wtt. L. 552.; — sd-brak 
 kd-cd cultivated catechu. 
 
 sa-bryo ju s. a shrub, Mimosa rubicaulis. 
 
 sa-mak adj. embroidered', worked, sd- 
 mdk tuk-tuk an embroidered cap. 
 
 sa-mal kun s. the toon tree M. Ce- 
 drela toona, see Hooker 1, 312. Wtt. 
 C. 838. 
 
 sa-mar see sd-mydr. 
 
 sa-mik (from a-mik) explet. of sd-tsuk, 
 sd-tsuk sd-mik the sun. 
 
 *sa-mo fo (T. se-mo (Sikhim) s. the 
 bloodpheasant, Ithagenes cruentes i. q. 
 sd-mon fo. 
 
 sa-mo bi or sum-mo bi s. a plant, Ed- 
 garia dorgelingensis. 
 
 sa-mo muk s. a bush, spec. Viburnum. 
 
 sa-mdii s. name of palm, Caryota urens 
 M., Wtt. C. 711, Hooker l,143n., sd-mon 
 don s. the shoots of which are eaten; — 
 sd-^mon tuk-po s. rope of yak -tail (or 
 fibres of Caryota); sd-mon tuk-po-nun 
 mun bam-so bind evil spirits well; — sd- 
 mon tun-krok s. a species fern. 
 
 sa-mdii ban s. name of place on road 
 to tun-glu. 
 
 sa-mdn fo Rong for *sd-mo fo Je 3. 522, 
 R. 288. 
 
 sa-mdm shd. be sdn mom. 
 
 sa-myar s. a species of wasp, sd-mydr 
 pan s. the narrow-waisted wasp, Eumenes 
 melanops. 
 
 sa-myal fo s. a bird, the Indian fly- 
 catcher. 
 
 sa-myum s. the spotted tiger- civet 
 Prionodon pardicolor. 
 
 sa-myen lyak s. a necklace of very small 
 beads. 
 
 sa-myo kuii s. a species of Ficus, P. 
 Roxburghii? 
 
 sa-mydn s. a marmot, Arctomys 
 
 marmota, pat sd-myon Tibetan marmot, 
 Arctomys bobac. 
 
 sa-tsu s. kindness, a respectful mode 
 of speach, as dyok a-re sd-tsu mat-lun 
 zuk-kd-o please or have the kindness to 
 do this work; sd-tsd mat have thekindness. 
 
 sa-tsuk see under tsuk. 
 
 sa-tsdn ye-tsdn when M. see tsdn? 
 
 sa-zon s. food offered to the spirit of 
 dead P. sd-zon zo, sd-zon buk, sd-zon man 
 rice, yam, meat so offered. 
 
 -sa-yan see under -sd, td-. 
 
 sa-yal s. I. a species of deer, Ovis 
 nahur of Nepal;. 2. see sd-bur sd-ydl. 
 
 sa-yet kun s. species of Pious, Picus 
 obtusifolia M See sit kun. 
 
 sa-r4 mun n. pr. an evil spirit, sd-rd 
 zdk vb. to be afficted by sd-rd, applied 
 to bowel-complaints etc. 
 
 sa-ra adj. watery (as food), thin i. q. 
 ra ra. 
 
 sa-rak cak(?) ace. W. "sarrak chak" s. 
 a bird, Oreicola ferrea E.. 216. See sd- 
 hret cuk. 
 
 sa-rf s. the oak Quercus glauca, Q. 
 lanceifolia Wtt. Q. 352.; a capsicum 
 Tbr. sd-ri kun s. an oaktree, sd-ri pot s. 
 an acorn; /do sd-ri Quercus pachyphylla; 
 ace. Wtt. '■'■ sirikishu" Castanopsis rufescens 
 Wtt. C. 815; - sd-ri td-dam muk s. Stella 
 rivularis; sd-7-i dam s. name of bush or 
 tree. 
 
 sa-ri tik tik(?) ace. W. '-siri-tik-tik" a 
 bird, Ruticilla frontalis, R. 217, or 
 Siphia strophiata R. 216. 
 
 sa-ril kun s. a bush M. 
 
 sa-re etc. see under sd- 
 
 sa-ro 1. s. the long-haired goat of Tibet. 
 
 sa-ro 2. s. a sort of box, made from 
 the bark of bamboo. 
 
 sa-rdn adv. to-day, sd-ro/i to tsdt the 
 present season; sd-ron (o-sd a-gyek the 
 present life; sd-rdii fok now-a-days; *a- 
 ron so-nap to-night. 
 
 sa-rdt for a-rdt mun. 
 
 sa-ryo s; a high forest, sd-ryo tUn-sdn 
 or sd-ryo von s. a fqrest without under- 
 wood. 
 
sa-rydk— sa-lim 
 
 sa-lum — sa-ha 
 
 401 
 
 sa-rydk s. a tiger-cat, sd-rydk ndr a 
 fowl Tbr. 
 
 sa-rydk ka tyan s. name of tree M., ace. 
 Wtt. H. 154 " siriokhtem" Heteropanax 
 fragraus. 
 
 sa-rydm s. an otter, T. sram. 
 
 -sa-la see -sd. 
 
 sa-la duk rik s. name of creeper, sd-la 
 duk pot s. fruit of ditto, M. ace. Wtt. 
 S. 947 "tak-siel-rik" Schizandra grandiflora. 
 
 sa-lan i.q. td-fdl: dom sd-lan s. a virulent 
 type of leprosy. 
 
 sa-lf s. a bow T. gzu, sd-li tsoA sd-lu 
 the bow, arrow and quiver; sd-li gri vb. 
 to string b ; sd-li dun bow to be much 
 bowed; sd-li dydr vb. to be slack (bow); 
 sd-li flyot vb. to unstring bow; sd-li bu 
 vb. to carry bow; sd-li tsok the bow is 
 stiff; sd-li ciyot vb. to bend bow; sd-li 
 hydn bu vb. to wear bow suspended from 
 shoulder; sd-li hrya vb. to draw bow. 
 
 Comp. su-U krik s. the notch of b. for 
 string, Tbr.: the root of glans penis; — 
 sd-li grim s. the b. -string, applied to a 
 short cut (road) sd-li grim-sd 16m, sd-li 
 grim-ka tson sit vb. to apply arrow to 
 string; sd-li grim fran-nan gdn td-gri 
 gyek-so, piir-vun de nan gdn td-dyii gyek- 
 so if the bowstring of itself begins to 
 twang, a male child will be born, if the 
 spindle begins to move, a female; — 
 sd-li jerl s. the staff of bow, the bow 
 without string; — sd-U td-bdk the space 
 between string and bow when strung; — 
 sd-li tUt s. the part beyond notch which 
 comes in contact with ground; — sd-li 
 tydk a small bow used for killing rats 
 or as a child's plaything; — sd-li fun 
 the length of bow, sd-U tun fat ti non it 
 has only gone one bow-length; — sd-li 
 A»N/e»placeforputtingpellet(inpellet-bow). 
 
 sa-li see buk. 
 
 sa-lim s. the spleen, Urn or sun-lim. 
 
 sa-lim kun or sd-lyUm kun s. a tree, 
 Terminalia chebula M. Wtt. T. 325., sd- 
 lim pot s. the fruit of ditto, myrobalan; 
 — u. pr. of a locality in Sikhim W. 73. 
 ano-. Selim. 
 
 sa-ldm kuii s. an orange-tree, sd-Mmpot 
 s. an orange. 
 
 sa-lu s. a quiver, sd-lu vya vb. to carry 
 quiver. 
 
 sa-lum suii-kri s. a spec, of sUn-kri. 
 
 sa-Iek see sd-lyek. 
 
 sa-lem see under sd. 
 
 sa-lem nydk s. ace. Wtt. '■'■selem nyok" 
 Wrightia tomentosa Wtt. W. 131. 
 
 sa-lo, sa-lol-la see under sd-. 
 
 sa-lo 'ayur see under niim-dak. 
 
 sa-ld for sa-lo q. v. 
 
 sa-ldk s. 1. rhinoceros, Rh. indicus, 
 sd-l6k Ion a male rh. — 2. i. q. sim-Uk 
 kun q. V. 
 
 sa-ldn s. a spec, of caterpillar; — s«- 
 lon sd-foh s. a spec. Siliquella M. (?) 
 
 sa-lyan 1. s. a species of vetch, two 
 specc. a-nok, a-dum, M. lentils, K'u sd sd- 
 lyan bi-sd a-zom bread and a pottage of 
 lentils G. 25, 34. 
 
 sa-lyan 2. privately Tbr., sd-lydn tyan 
 vb. to be hid away, to have run away, 
 to have disappeared, to be dead Tbr.; 
 sd-lyan mat or sd-lyan non vb. to go 
 along to flee Tbr. 
 
 sa-lyan fo s. a swallow, sd-lyan kd-lu 
 bik s. a swallow; sd-lyan kiir-vin s. a 
 swallow-wing-shaped roof open at each 
 end; sd-lyan ci s. the ashy swallow-shrike 
 Artamus fuseus M. Je. 441; sd-lyan tun 
 f, {tim-bo) other species (swallow) Acan- 
 thylis caudaeuta M.; sd-lyan bik s. 1. a 
 swallow 2. a species of coleopterous insect, 
 spec. Cetonia. 
 
 sa-lyup s. a glance, sd-lyiip si vb. to 
 get a glance of, sd-lyiip yo-ba in a glance, 
 in an instant, sd-lyiip md-yd-nd ba very 
 quick, before you can get a glance. 
 
 sa-lyum see sd-lim. 
 
 sa-lyek mdn s. a spec, of gingerwort. 
 Zingiber squammosum, used as a tonic, 
 also the juice of the root, rubbed over 
 body as a prophylactic against evil spirits; 
 — sd-lyek hyep ruddy, as cheek. 
 
 sa-lydp (for so-lydp) s. sheet-lightening 
 explet. of sd-dyan. 
 
 sa-ha s. the diaphragm, see pur-cet 
 
 26 
 
402 
 
 sa-hSr mun — sa-h6r 
 
 sa-hyu— sa-vin 
 
 (cei); '— md-ro sd-lul is applied to a 
 miserable useless person. 
 
 sa-hdr mun s. the evil spirit of dysentery. 
 
 sa-hak s. a puff of bad smell, sd-hak- 
 ka ndm. 
 
 sa-han, sd-han sd-han the motion of the 
 gills of fish, when breathing, sd-han sd- 
 han mat vb.' to breath as fishes: 
 
 sa-ham s. greediness, sd-ham mat vb. 
 to be greedy, sd-ham ydm-bo s. a glutton. 
 
 sa-hu s. a monkey sa-Aw pd-ldp; Tbr.: 
 mlem-ryum-bo , a spec. i. q. kd-grdm-bo 
 Inuus macacus; — the 9th cycle of year: 
 sd-hu nam; — specc. : sd-hu kd-bok s. i. q. 
 kd-gryen (red) baboon; — sd-hu tan and 
 sd-hu lun-ton s. Macacus tibetanus. sd-hu 
 kyoii (monkey) to chatter; go sd-hu ho 
 fUn-jeh gum (i. q. net toi") you have had 
 the (infectious) disease, I have not your 
 medicine Tbr. ; sd-hu kiif zon mischievous 
 as child, also thin, as monkey; sd-hii tuk- 
 sim spec, of nvm-dak; — sd-hii tun-gron 
 rik s. name of creeper; — sd-hu tip tyak 
 n. pr. of plant; — sd-hii, mlem zon-bo a 
 monkey-faced, villain; — sd-hii vom Tbr. 
 i. q. tiik some efflorescence from rock 
 said to be eaten by monkeys etc. 
 
 sa-hu s. a sort of band round body 
 used in fastening cloth. 
 
 sa-hem-fo s. n. pr. the longtailed drongo, 
 Dicrurus longicaudatus M. Je 430. 
 
 sa-hop s. the young shoots of bamboo, 
 cut and eaten. 
 
 sa-hor s. n. pr. of a plant, the fruit of 
 which is used as an aperient, a spec, of 
 Solanum; ace. Wtt. S. 2341 ''sivor" S. 
 verbascifolium. 
 
 *sa-hor T. za-h'or n. pr. of a town in 
 North Western India cfr. Jaschke Tib. 
 Diet. s. V. P. 
 
 sa-hdm kuii s. a spec, of Ehus M. 
 
 sa-hdr T. skar s. a star, sd-h6r kicr-dii 
 s. a star, bright star; — sd-hor kHr-nap 
 s. the evening-st.; — sd-hdr kur-son s. 
 the morning- St. ; — sd-hor jin-nd jin-nd 
 the twinkling stars; — sd-hdr ayit s. a 
 falling St.; — sd-hor jit-nan stars to be 
 spangled; sd-hfir ryn-ld ryam-ld jit nan 
 
 the beautiful spangled stars: pd-no zuk 
 Idt-re Tbr.; sd-hor niim-jit hik-bo s. the 
 pleiades. — 
 
 sd-hor kup s. an albino; — sd-hor mi- 
 kan s. a comet; — sd-hor mup s. a con- 
 stellation; — sd-hor mo s. a planet; — 
 sd-hor mdn s. a spec, of millet; — sd-hor 
 son i. q. sd-hdr dm s. star-light, sd-hdr 
 dm-ka Idm vb. to walk by starlight; — 
 sd-hdr frdn-bo s. an astronomer, an 
 astrologer. 
 
 sa-hyu s. the shoots from root of yam. 
 
 sa-hyer ace. M. sd-hyer-mo a Bhutiya 
 Tbr; — fat sd-hyer tiger Tbr. (fr. hyir?) 
 
 sa-hydm shrinking, diminishing, sd- 
 hydm-md ndn vb. to shrink, to diminish. 
 
 sa-hran s. a spec, of nettle. 
 
 sa-hret cuk-fo s. various birds: green- 
 backed tit Parus monticolus M. Je. 2, 277, 
 dark grey bush -chat Pratincola ferrea 
 M. Je. 2, 127, black and white ditto 
 Rhodophila melanoleuca. 
 
 sa-hrok kun or sun-hrok kufl s. a tree 
 from which red dye is extracted s.-h. 
 hyir; — su/i-hrok fo s. blue-necked bee- 
 eater Nyctiornis Athertoni Je. 21 1 , M., 
 R. 205. 
 
 sa-hrdn s. a spec, of nettle Laportea 
 crenulata Wtt. L. 79.; any stinging plant 
 M. e. c. on nyor a spec, of tree with long 
 thorny leaf. — s. woman's breast Tbr. 
 
 sa-hryuk s. a spec, of large squirrel 
 (black) see kd-li. 
 
 sa-hryuk fo i. q. dun sd-hryiik fo (177 a). 
 
 sa-hryet s. a cucumber. 
 
 sa-hryo i. q. kd-hryo. 
 
 sa-hrydp muk s. a plant Polygonum 
 runcinatum. 
 
 sa-hio s. a species of reed, used for 
 playing-arrows, see tsdk. 
 •■ sa-hl6t s. name of tree Prunus padus 
 or Melia composita? M., ace. Wtt. P. 1316 
 "hlotkung" Prunus padus. 
 
 sa-hl6t tsdn s. a sort of arrow made of 
 pd-ydn with backbarbed head. 
 
 sa-hlyu s. ferret-badger Helictis Ne- 
 palensis. 
 
 sa-vin s. a stag, Cervus generally, tlie 
 
sa-vok — sa-o 
 
 sa-o— (sSii) 
 
 403 
 
 "shou" C. (iffiiiis is the chief-spec, in 
 Sikhim; sd-vin mdt s. a dame, sd-vin pap 
 bam the stag bleets, sd-vin kup s. a fawn, 
 sd-vin kup zuk-lun 16k kon s. a ceremony 
 performed sometimes when casting out 
 evil spirit from sick man, when a figure 
 of a deer being made, dancing is per- 
 formed; sd-vin la 16 s. a young dame; 
 sd-vin Ion s. a stag. 
 
 sa-vok name of a precipitious place i. q. 
 su-vok q. T. 
 
 sa-vyak or 
 
 sukvyak kun Engelhardtia spicata, M. 
 Wtt. E. 210, s.-v. k. ny6k. 
 
 sa-vyet kun i. q. suk-vyet kun s. a tree 
 sd-vyet kui'i tiok-cim a spec. Holmskirldia 
 M., H. spicata. 
 
 sa-vyet or suk-vyet s. ace. M. the red 
 honey-sucker Aethopyga miles, see also 
 Je. 362; sd-vyet nok ace. M. the black- 
 breasted honey-sucker; ace. W. ^'■sagvyet" 
 Aethopyga nepalensis, "dang s." Aetho- 
 pyga saturata; Aethopyga seheriae. Mo 
 s. Aethopyga ignicauda R. 220. 
 
 sa-vydk i. q. sd-vydk. 
 
 sa-sa see sak sd-sd (clear memory or 
 mind). 
 
 sa-suii far s. the arrow for sd-li iydk. 
 
 sa-§ar see under sak. 
 
 sa-Sfm Tbr. i. q. kun. 
 
 sa-'ayak see dyak. 
 
 sa-ar s. a goat: T. ra-ma; bon gyap-bo 
 Tbr. sd-ar tsu s. a male goat; sd-ar tsu 
 muk species Solanum (pudescens); sd-ar 
 mot s. a female goat; sd-ar pap-fom-bo a 
 castrated goat; sd-ar gu an old she-goat; 
 sd-ar lyen s. a young female goat; sd-ar 
 kup s. a kid; sd-ar tyak s. ("a goat's 
 head") a species of sUn-kri q. v.; sd-ar 
 bon z6n-bo a babbling person, one who 
 cannot keep a secret. 
 
 sa-ik bdk lio spec, of fish. 
 
 sa-fm s. a species of bee, see »'; sd-im 
 tu s. a sort of bee's honey; sd-im muk 
 s. a plant, sd-im kun s. a tree, sd-im pyo 
 s. tinder made from ditto see sd-dyem. 
 
 sa-uh-rik a spec, of buk; also sd-on, 
 
 -sa-o postp. see under -sd. 
 
 sa-o s. any lost article, that is found, 
 sd-o si vb. to find a lost article, sd-o lirup 
 vb. to gather lost articles, as spoils of 
 enemy etc. 
 
 sa-ot, kd-lok sd-ot s. 1. the common 
 field-rat. 2. a spec, of spider M. Tbr. 
 
 sa-dl i. q. so-61. 
 
 sa-dm kun i. q. pd-6m s. 1. name of 
 tree, Phyllauthus emblica W. 74, Wtt. P. 
 632. 2. n. pr. of a locality in Sikhim, 
 anglice Soom W. 74. — sd-6m pot spec, 
 of myrobalau. 
 
 sa-'ayat s. a pipsa, a midge, a gnat, 
 sd-aydt td-ji s. the smallest spec, of pipsa; 
 sd-aydt n6k i. q. sd-dydt td-brum a species 
 pipsa (middling species); sd-aydt bon s. 
 a pipsa-bite; sd-dydt rom s. a large spec, 
 of pipsa. 
 
 sa-'ayan i. q. td-dydn adv. last year. 
 See dydn. 
 
 sa-'aya adv. formerly, anciently. See dya. 
 
 sa-'ayam kun or 
 
 sa-'ayem kuii see sd-im. 
 
 sa-'ayo adv. before, a short time ago. 
 See dyo. 
 
 sa-'ayon buk i. q. sd-on or nd-un a spec, 
 of yam. a-mlem sd-dyon buk lop zon a 
 short and broad face. 
 
 (s4k) 1. a-sak adj. strange, peculiar, s. 
 peculiarity, md-r6 a-sak s. a strange, 
 peculiar man, an oddity; rih a-sak a 
 curious language, dyok a-sak something 
 out of the way, not right. — tHk-sdk s. 
 beauty spots, as on chin of Limbu- women 
 etc., tuk-sdk tarn vb. to prick in such 
 spots, to tattoo, tak-sdk tam-f6m-bo adj. 
 tattooed. 
 
 s&k vb. t. to tear off, applied to plantain, 
 maize, sugarcane etc. 
 
 sdn 1. aloud applied to voice, sdii-nd 
 lik vb. to call aloud, nn sdn-fid ii vb. to 
 speak aloud, td-lyan sdn-nd lik vb. to 
 call vociferously, to make the heavens 
 reecho. 
 
 (sari 2) tun-sdh adj. 1; free from under- 
 wood, as forest, sd-ryo tiin-sdn a forest 
 clear of uuder-wood; 2. i. q. niin-sdn 
 applied, to roots of small slirubs, niin-sdn 
 
404 
 
 san— s4p 
 
 sSm— (sdr) 
 
 fya so the roots of plants to spi'ead; — 
 nun-sdn kd-ydt s. a spec, of small red ant. 
 
 san see son. 
 
 -san (in Mscpts-sdw) postp. affixed forms 
 plurals of human beings in opp. to 'pdn 
 q. V. M. Gr. 27 f. e. c. md-7'd-sdn men; 
 rum-sdn the deva's P., a-re-sdn these; 
 used also in s. of compauions, as sd-kon- 
 sdn Sakon and his companions, piin-di 
 kup-sdn the king's daughter and her 
 maiden T. Iha-lcam dan yyog-mo gnyis P. 
 pd-no-sdA the king and his ministers (T. 
 'Jior bias Skt. sapanvdra) P.; used also 
 in s. of pluralis majestaticus e. c. pd-no- 
 sdn-re the king P.; — also for go-run 
 q. V. (see under -pdri) sd-ron sdii luk-kdl 
 san non-so (I) will go either to-day or 
 to-morrow. — sdn-te up to, thus far, yet, 
 directly, straightly, direct the whole way, 
 sdn-te tyo vb. to hear directly, go-nun 
 sdn-te di I came direct, hu sdn-te md-ti- 
 ne he has not arrived yet or thus far. 
 
 *san T. tsan(-ba') the whole, entire, 
 *sdn-k6 T. ts'aii skor e. c. *mi-sd sdn-ko 
 T. mi-ser tian skor all the surrounding 
 subjects. 
 
 *san T. gsan{-ba) "sdn-cdt T. gsan- 
 spyod: *sdn-cdt li s. a privy. 
 
 *san-gye see *s6n-gy6, *san-gye T. sans- 
 rgyas Buddha. 
 
 *san-du T. tson-dus s. a bazar, a market. 
 
 sari-num kiin s. the rose-apple tree M. 
 Eugenia Kurzii Wtt. E. 442. 
 
 san-mdm adj. superficial, rough as work, 
 sdn-mom-ld zuk vb. to work so. 
 
 san-Siti i. q. tuk-nyel M. 
 
 *sdt vb. *no sat T. nes gsod see under 
 *nd. 
 
 sat and Scit see set. sat, a-sdt see sd 1. 
 
 *sdn for tsdn s. colour, paint, dying, 
 material; see kdm san. 
 
 S&p vb. 1. to be shallow, 2. to be near 
 the surface (as hole), superficial; — a-sdp 
 s. the inner skin, the cutis, the hole 
 immediately below the surface of any 
 thing, the surface, td-lyan sap, fat sap; 
 — td-lyaii sdp-ka lam ndn in s. of T. mlca- 
 'gro-ma Skt. (Jdkint P. 
 
 sdm 1., a-sam difi'erent, other lyan a- 
 sdm a different country. — pur-sdm an 
 egg laid by a hen without connection of 
 a cock, Mk ti pur-sdm. 
 
 sdm 2. s. name of the 7th month, Id- 
 vo sdm, sdm nyom. 
 
 *sdm 3. T. sems s. the mind, thought, 
 sdm ti magnanimous, ambitious; sdm a- 
 dum i. q. a-ryutn a good reflection or 
 thought, happiness; sdm a-nok i. q. a-jdn 
 a bad r. ; evil disposition ; sdm nan-bo an 
 upright person; sdm met inanimate; sdm 
 kdt vb. to be satisfied; *sdm kyu bam T. 
 sems Kyugs{_-pa) to be troubled in mind; 
 sdm go vb. to be happy, s. pleasure, joy; 
 saw tsam vb. to restrain the thoughts 
 to be dry; sdm ron vb. to be in doubt, 
 s. a doubtful hesitating, sdm zdn nun vb- 
 to be filled with fear; sdm 6t vb. to 
 relieve the mind; sdm kyet s. peace of 
 mind, tranquility, serenity; *sdm-m i. q. 
 sdm-cuii; *sdm-cun T. sem^-cun s. adj. 
 pusillanimity, weakminded, sdm-cun mat 
 vb. to be pusillanimous; sdm diik s. 
 distress of mind, anxiety; sdm net a dis- 
 tracted mind; sdm sok distraction of mind 
 i. q. net. 
 
 sam: sdm-rnd sdm-md see a-mlem dis- 
 pleased countenance. 
 
 sam num. three, sdm-bo-re the third, 
 sdm.-fyin thrice. See sam,. 
 
 sam-biyu see silm-blyu. 
 
 sdr 1. s. a hole small at entrance but 
 large within as bee's-nest? M. 
 
 s4r 2., sar and ser vb. n. to be rotten, 
 putrid, see md-mtir (mur); rin sdr vb. to 
 abuse, to give vile (rotten) language; hd- 
 yum gyom-lun pun fo-sdn lyan-re sdr ri- 
 ndm blydn they gathered them together 
 upon heaps; and the land stank Ex.; — 
 to have lost appetite, hu sdr bam he has 
 lost his appetite, — to be good for nothing, 
 useless ; — to be sulky, to be unwilling, 
 to be shy. — a-sdr; a-ser adj. corrupt, 
 putrid, depraved. 
 
 sir 3. for siir q. v. 
 
 (sdr 4.) pun-sdr s. a brush for cleansing 
 the scum or remains of ci, that adheres 
 
sSr — sa-nya 
 
 sa-tsu — sak 
 
 405 
 
 to vessel after boiling (made from head 
 of rd-kon). 
 
 six 5. see nok sdr a hobgoblin. 
 
 sal 1. vb. t. to insert into, to stick 
 into, to push into, to put into, cap-ka sal 
 vb. to stick into roof, ban hyam-ka sal 
 vb. to put ban into sheath, a-nyor-ka 
 nyo-gu sal vb. to stick pen behind ear. 
 
 sal 2. vb. t. to send as letter, to in- 
 sinuate the thought, yuk sal vb. to send 
 letter. See sel. 
 
 sa 1. vb. n. to fly in trail, as hen, to 
 go in regular paths, as tiger; to follow 
 in path; fo sa s. a bird's path, flight of 
 birds. — a-sa s. a hole (of rat etc.), the 
 path of small animals, the roots of bamboo. 
 
 sa 2. vb. to ofPer offerings to favour 
 the consummation of hyit: hyit-sa; — s. 
 present to relations of deceased, see se. 
 
 sa 3. T. gsal(^-bd) vb. to be clear as 
 sky; — sa-ld clearly, distinctly, sa-ld si, 
 sa-ld fyo vb. to see, to hear clearly; — 
 vb. t. to clear out T. sel(^ba), cit-lun sa 
 i. q. gli-ld sa vb. to spit completely; mik 
 sa vb. to make operation on eye. See se. 
 
 sa 4. vb. to split, bdk sa to crush 
 bamboo for bdk. 
 
 sa 5. s. a tree ace. M. Cedrus deodarus, 
 ace. Wtt. L. 82 Hooker 2,44 Larix 
 Griffithii. T. "sa don" id. Graham Sand- 
 berg, Handbook of colloquial Tibetan, 164. 
 
 *sa 6. T. sa s. earth, ground, soil, 
 *sa-cen T. sa-cen the whole earth, the 
 globe, *sa-hr6 T. sd-Mra s. a map. 
 
 sa-kon s. an earring worn by men; sa- 
 kon U or bu vb. to wear earring, sa-kon 
 vyan s. the ring of e.; sa-kon hro s. the 
 drop of e. 
 
 *sa-kr6k for ts'a-rak T. tsa-rag quickly, 
 sa-krok mat vb. to be quick, to make 
 haste; sa-krok-sd ayok an urgent business. 
 
 sa-gan s. the relationship introduced 
 between husbands thro' marriage of 
 sisters, brother and sisters in law. 
 
 sa-nya s. a sentinel, sa-nya din vb. to 
 stand sentry; sa-nya tsok vb. to stand 
 sentinel, as over roads, to stop people; 
 sa-nya t$dk-bo s. a guard over roads. 
 
 sa-tsu s. a post, mail, sa-tsii-nun klo/'i 
 vb. to send by post; sd-tsu ku vb. to 
 forward post; sa-tsu sel vb. to carry mail 
 or post; sa-tsu to sel-bo s. a carrier of 
 post, a courier. 
 
 sa-ld s. a mortar, pavement or flooring; 
 a stucco M. 
 
 sa-hu (Goorkha w.) s. borrowed money 
 and a loan, sa-hu dot to obtain borrowed 
 money; sa-hu hik vb. to repay ditto. 
 
 sa-wd or sur-wd folding hands in prayer, 
 paying reverence, sa-w6 top vb. to pray, 
 to pay reverenceLGS; in P.i.q. 'pyag'tsal. 
 
 *sak 1. T. zag s. calamity, misfortune, 
 mil-tun sak vb. to have the m., to become 
 liable to pay mii-tuti; sak-ld non vb. to 
 become distracted, senseless as from 
 grief, fear etc. — sak-kd gal-ld becoming 
 disgusted with anything, to become tired 
 of anything, to lose all patience with 
 anything. — sak-kd gydl-ld feeling an- 
 noyance, disgust, sak-kd gydl-ld li vb. 
 to feel disgust. 
 
 sak 2. in compos, the disposition or 
 state of mind M. 101 sak-M- vb. to be 
 sad; — sak not md-fak-ne vb. not to have 
 thirst satisfied; — sak ndn vb. to be dum- 
 founded; — sak-cin. affectionL. Pr. 25.; — 
 
 sak-cin p. sak-cin, T. snyam-pa, gzigs- 
 pa etc. vb. to think, to consider, to re- 
 flect, to cogitate, to fancy, to desire, to 
 wish, (kd-sijb)yii.-ka sak-cin cin to desire 
 her for a (my) wife; riim-ka sak-cin to 
 reflect on God; sak-cin s. mind, thought, 
 consideration; sak-cin kd-ta cin to me- 
 ditate, to give one's whole thoughts to; 
 sak-cin tal-ld tal cin vb. to be aspiring; 
 sak-cin-ka lat 1. to come to mind; 2. to 
 be pleased; sak-cin klo-ld cin vb. to be 
 decided, to be obstinate; saA-an %dZ vb. 
 to mistake; sak-cin nydt cin vb. to have 
 second thoughts; sak-cin nydt cin-lUn on 
 second thoughts; sak-cin tat ka vb. to 
 place confidence in; sak-cin tuk vb. to 
 be stupid; sak-cin fyak sd vb. to be 
 minded towards; sak-cin dam vb. to be 
 stupid; sak-cin dUk vb. to be harrassed 
 or distressed in mind; sak-cin dok vb. 
 
406 
 
 sak 
 
 sak 
 
 to be of one mind, unanimous; sak- 
 cin nak vb. to rectify one's thought; 
 sak-cin-nun kor vb. to revolve in mind; 
 sak-cin-nun md-fak-ne to be inconceivable; 
 sak-cin non or sak-an non lat to come 
 to mind; sak-cin po-lvn cm to change 
 one's thoughts; sak-cin mat vb. to do 
 one's own pleasure; sak-cin muh ndn to 
 have mind overclouded; sak-^in tsam-ydm- 
 bo s. one who can govern himself; sak- 
 cin ya non to have no longer mind to a 
 thing; sak-cin yon to have happy (good); 
 ideas; sak-cin rat nonYh. to be bewildered, 
 to lose presence of mind; sak-cin rofi 
 vb. to be doubtful; sak-cin ryak vb. to 
 pursue an idea; sak-cin ryum-bo adj. s. 
 good, happy, a good person; sak-cin lot 
 vb. to change one's mind, also to come 
 to one's self (as from anger); sak-cin 
 lydk vb. to change one's mind; sak-cin 
 lydk-bo fickle-minded; sak-cin a-dum a 
 good thought; sak-cin a-jdn s. an evil 
 thought, a bad thought; sak-cin a-nan an 
 upright mind; sak-cin a-hryan-bo s. a 
 dilatory thinker, a procrastinator; sak-cin 
 6t i. q. sdm 6t vb. to relieve the mind 
 from anxiety, to give or tell one what 
 he longs for. — sak c6 vb. to be vigorous; 
 
 — sak jem vb. to be relieved in mind or 
 satisfied, man gt-ydn-ba man fop-pun-sd 
 sak jem-ld ndn when one has a longing 
 to eat meat, on obtaining it, the mind is 
 relieved; — sak jom vb. to be weary of 
 anything, to become sick of a thing; — 
 sak nyin adjly. distressed lamenting as 
 when something is lost, mourning for; 
 
 — sak-nyen-bo meek, gentle ; — sak td la- 
 id 1. suddenly, 2. by chance, fo sak td 
 lo-ld Idm non the bird flew away before 
 I was aware; sak td lo-ld mat vb. to be 
 absent in mind; — sak top s. encourage- 
 ment, support to the mind, refreshment; 
 ci sak top giim beer is chearing to the 
 spirits, sak top-ka li vb. to speak words 
 of encouragement, sak top rin encouraging 
 language; — sak fdk vb. to have a longing- 
 desire, sak md-tdk-ne to have no desire; 
 
 — sak fak vb. to be satisfied, contented; 
 
 — sak t'ik vb. to set one's affections on, 
 also to know; — sak ddk vb. to be sorry, 
 to be grieved, to be vexed; — 
 
 sak di vb. to be pleased, to be disposed, 
 to desire, to approve of, go fyo-wUn-sd 
 sak di md I am happy to hear it M. a-yu 
 Id po ndn sak di-wUn-d will ye also go 
 away J.; to-ntcn Im iu sdm mat sak di 
 gdn if any man will do his will J. a-yu 
 bo-sd dyet-pdn zuk sak di bam the lusts 
 of your father ye will do J.; sak-di-ld 
 well, heartily, sak a-dim s. a willing 
 mind, heart's content, sak a-dim mat vb. 
 to do anything to one's own or to the 
 satisfaction of another, sak a-dim zo vb. 
 to eat to one's heart-content; sak md-di- 
 ne to be indisposed, to be unhappy. — 
 
 sak non vb. to remember, to come to 
 one's mind, c. c. object, e. c. ritm-niin 
 r.-mO/m sak non-lun God remembered R., 
 sak md-ron-ne to be insensible to have 
 forgotten; — sak par vb. to be pleased, 
 to gratify; — sak pHt-cu s. trouble, an- 
 noyance, vexation ; — sak piir-coks. teasing, 
 troubling, annoyance, vexation, sak pHr- 
 cok mat vb. to tease, to trouble, to annoy, 
 sak pHr-cok-ld li vb to be teased, to be 
 annoyed, sak piir-ji pur-cdk nervousness 
 unable to bear noise, worry, annoyance 
 sak pHr-ji pur-c6k-ld li vb. to be nervous, 
 to be unable to bear noise, to be in 
 trouble; — sak pok non to be disturbed 
 in mind; — sak prok loud laughter or to 
 laugh loudly, sak prok bam or sak prok-lUn 
 tydn to burst out into horse-laughter, sak 
 prok mM-wikn-sd ma-zO, s. an amusing 
 person, one who occasions much laughter; 
 
 — sak bo vb. to give pleasure, to pleasure, 
 sak bo-ld or sak bol-ld good, well, 
 thoroughly, heartily, sak bo-ld zuk vb. to 
 perform heartily, sak-bo-ld-wiin{-sd') adjly. 
 charming, magnificent, splendid, lyaA 
 sak-bo-ld-wUn-sd a-mk-ka li-re sak-bo-ld- 
 wun kd-kii nyi-yam-o in the midst of a 
 charming place are eight splendid houses 
 P.; sak-bo-ld-wun kun i. q. T. dpag bsam 
 sin a -tree, that grants every thing ace. 
 Jaschke i. q. tsan-dan sbrul-gyi snyin-poV . 
 
sak 
 
 sak— saii 
 
 407 
 
 sak bo-wun-sd with heartiness; sak-bij6-ld 
 1. q. sak-tsu; — sak ma vb. to be silent, 
 also to be startled; — sak zd vb. to be 
 stunned, as it were with loud noise, to 
 have one's ears ring with noise, to be 
 distracted with noise; — sak zdt vb. to 
 fix in mind; — sak zdn vb. to become 
 disheartened for one's heart, to fail with- 
 in them; — sak zdr-ld cheerful, happy; 
 
 — sak zo vb. to think, to consider, sak 
 zo to vb. to remind; — sak-zdt cheerful; 
 
 — sak-tsu ("ebullition of mind") vb. to 
 be joyful, to be hearty, sak-isu-ld zuk vb. 
 to work heartily, sak md-tsn-ne to be 
 lustless, to have no energy or life; sak- 
 tsum s. joy, heartiness, animation, avidity, 
 sak-tsum sak-par-sd bam vb. to be joy- 
 ful; — sak yul vb. to feel inclined to 
 vomit; — sak yon vb. to be depressed 
 in spirit; — sak yok vb. to be convulsive, 
 to gasp for breath. — sak ryu vb. to be 
 of good temperament of mind, to be 
 happy; sak ryut (or ryot) to be merry, 
 to be happy; s. joy, o-re-nun mat-lun kd- 
 do-su sak-ryut o-re fak-non-ne this my 
 joy therefore is fulfilled J.; sak-ryut-nun 
 tyuk vb. to jump thro' joy; sak md-ryu- 
 ne to be indisposed in mind, to be sorrow- 
 ful, sak md-ryu-nun lyah n&ii-ne 1. gone 
 to the land of sorrow i. e. to be very 
 sorrowful; 2. to be dead Tbr. — sak lyak 
 1. vb. to be angry, tan md-nyin-ne sak 
 lyak to be angry without a cause; sak 
 lyak dydn vb. to put away anger; sak- 
 lyak hlyak vb. to burst out into a., sak 
 lyak ya vb. anger to pass away; 2. s. 
 i. q. tik-gyiin Tbr.; sak lyak ydm-bo s. a 
 passionate p.; — sak lyum unsatiated, 
 insufficient to satisfy appetite or desire; 
 sak lyum tydt md-fop-ne have 'nt get 
 half sufficient; — sak hat vb. to be 
 passionate; — sak ho vb. to be melan- 
 choly; sak vyik vb. to have nausea as 
 from indigestion; — sak vyot vb. to be 
 joyful; — sak sd-gram s. sorrow, grief 
 sak sd-gram yd vb. to know sorrow, to 
 be sorrowful (obsolete); — sak sd-gli-ld 
 dear memory or mind, sak sd-gli-ld li 
 
 vb. to have mind refreshed, to return to 
 consciousness; —_ sak sd-sd i. q. sak-sd- 
 gli-ld; sak sd-sd-ld li i. q. sak non hron; 
 — sak sd-sar s. sorrow, grief (not much 
 in use), sak sd-sar yd vb. to be sorrow- 
 ful; — sak sok 1. vb. to be distracted in 
 mind; 2. retaliation?; — sak sol-Id i. q. 
 sak-sol-ld; — sak-Mn s. a sigh; sak-sdn 
 tsdt vb. to sigh; vyet-tsu-nun viat-liin sak 
 Mn tsdt-lun hryop lik (they) sighed by 
 the reason of the bondage, and they 
 cried Ex. — sak si vb. to know, to be- 
 come attached to; — sak sir vb. to 
 loathe, to be disgusted with; — sak sit 
 vb. to be quiet; — sak soZ-?a refreshing, 
 sak sol-Id li vb. to be refreshed, not-nUn 
 lot fi-bdn mo bo si-wihi-sd sak-sol-ld li on 
 returning from a journey, when you see 
 your parents, the spirits are refreshed; 
 a-hru7n nyi gdn lyah a-hydh ti-wim-sd 
 sak sol-Id li if when hot you arrive at a 
 cool place, it is refreshing; — sak d vb. 
 to be at ease, to be tranquil, to be glad, 
 go o-ba md-bam-nd ren sak d bam I am 
 glad that I was not there J. sak d-ld 
 securely, with pleasure; sak d-ld zo vb. 
 to eat at ease; sak dm adj. secure, calm, 
 peaceable, sak dm md-nyin-ne it is not 
 secure, safe, as country, sak dm, rih calm, 
 peaceable language; — sak ah vb to be 
 suspicious. 
 
 sak 3. vb. to set a snare, ayok sak vb. 
 to set bird-lime; lik vyah sak vb. to set 
 running-noose; ma-lo sak Yh. to set horse- 
 hair-noose; suh-hi sak vb. to set suh-hi 
 snare. 
 
 sak-ka ma vb. to be quiet, i. q. myak- 
 kd; sak-kd ma rih s. a secret. 
 
 sak ci s. the ranunculus M. 
 
 *san 1. T. sroh(-ba) vb. to make 
 straight, tHk-po sah lengthen out the 
 string, make it straight. Mm sah vb. to 
 make a straight road; sah-hd sah-hd ad\. 
 lengthened out (as string), long and 
 straight. 
 
 san 2. vb. to send to and fro, yUk sah 
 to send letter to and fro; md-ro sah to 
 send man to ami fro. 
 
408 
 
 "san-gye — san-re mun 
 
 sap — sam-nat 
 
 *san-gye T. sans-rgyas Buddha, see 
 sdn-gye, s6n-gy6. 
 
 *san-bot or sdn-cat s. T. gsan and spyod: 
 san-cot li or lyan s. a privy. 
 
 saii-min s. a reddish colour. M. 
 
 sat i. q. set vb. to efface, mik grun sat 
 vb. to wipe away tears, m. hii ton hu do 
 tsom-nun sat-bo re gum M. whiped his 
 feet with her hair J. sat-ndn Tbr. i. q. 
 lum, kin-zdn, pur-du sit-bo. 
 
 san 1. s. the whiskers san gydn. 
 
 (san 2;) pun-san s. accoutrements, or- 
 naments on person pun-san pun-dan or 
 pun-san run-dan id. p.-s. p.-d.-fik-bo a 
 lady's maid; pun-san bun-ydm-bo rel-ld 
 rel-ld mat md-nyin-ne every one does not 
 know, how to put on ornaments well. 
 
 *san 3. T. sran(-pa) vb. to be patient, 
 to submit to, to be resigned to, to re- 
 strain one's self, ddk-ba san to be patient 
 under pain; Ma-pok-ka san vb. to be 
 patient under abuse, hryop-sdn san vb. 
 to restrain one's tears; sak-lyak san vb. 
 to restrain one's passions; fydn san vb. 
 to restrain laughter; — seems to mean 
 to do anything against one's own pleasure, 
 to conquer one's self, as san-lun zo to eat 
 against will, to force one's self to eat, as 
 when sick or when food is bad, san-nun 
 mok non to have one's patience exhausted. 
 — san-ldt s. patience. 
 
 san-tan (Yakt'umba-w.) s. cenotaph, 
 monument, raised up for the memory of 
 any person or occurence. 
 
 *san-td T. sa-rtags s. a sign or mark 
 or any thing, placed up as an aid for 
 memory, as when anything hidden in the 
 ground to make a mark over it, to re- 
 member the spot, san-td mat or kyop vb. 
 to make such a mark. 
 
 *san-tsdm T. sa-mtsams s. the boundary 
 of land or country, the confines, k.-sd 
 sdn-ti'dm-ka md-tirnd tet until they came 
 unto the borders of K. Ex.; mi-zdr-sd 
 san-tsom gun-nd sd-gon-ka in all the coasts 
 of Egypt Ex. 
 
 san-re mun s. the destroyer of life, the 
 demon of death M. 
 
 sap 1. vb. n. to be thin, as cloth, to 
 be shallow as water; to be stingy, to be 
 miserly; sap-Id stingily; sap-Id byi vb. 
 to give stingily; sap-bo s. a miser; — 
 a-sap adj. thin (as cloth, thatch etc); 
 thin (as face); shallow (as water; mind) 
 adv. miserly, niggardly. 
 
 sap 2. (i. q. 1 ?) vb. n. to be blind, 
 mik sap; ndk-Mn-sd a-mik nd go-ka md- 
 nyin-ne (T. mig ni na-la med) sap-non- 
 ne-yam-o I am deprived of sight, I am 
 blind P. a-mik nydt-ld sap-non-ne-yam-o 
 T. spyan gnyis Ion blind of both eyes P. 
 mik-sap-bo adj. blind J. Ex. 
 
 sap 3. vb. to stroke, to rub lightly with 
 hand M. 
 
 (sap 4.,) tuk-sap s. impalpable dust, 
 dor-bi tuk-sap the dust of fungi, also the 
 puffball-mushroom vulg. devil's snuff-box, 
 tuk-sap dor; tuk-sap kun 8. a tree Xan- 
 thochymus pictorius; tHk-sap nyok X. 
 ovalifolius. 
 
 sap 5., a-sap s. a plant of corn M. 
 
 *sap 6. T. tsabs s. fear, danger; *sap- 
 cen T. tiabs-can adj. dangerous, difficult; 
 s.-c. ddk a dangerous disease; s.-c. dyok 
 difficult work; the L.'s use it incorrect 
 for ''much, many, great". 
 
 *sap-ddk T. sa-bdag [Skt. ksitipati, 
 bhumipati] s. lord of the earth lu 
 s.-d.- niin ndt Lu the demon-lord, 
 [Nagaraja]. 
 
 sam 1. vb. n. to be sullen, to sulk, to 
 turn away face and remain silent, sam 
 non vb. to become so. 
 
 sam 2. num. T. gsum three M. 115. 
 
 sam-gdn s. a district of Ham, sam-g6n- 
 mo a tribe of Lepchas from thence. 
 
 *sam-ten or sam-tyan T. sems-rten s. a 
 present made by lovers, sam-tydn mat 
 vb. to make ditto. 
 
 *sam-d5 T. Uags-mda' s. an iron arrow. 
 
 sam-nat or sam-net vb. to be polite or 
 modest in manner (as not to like to ask 
 for a thing), to be retiring in manner, 
 to be diffident, sam-net-sd rin modest 
 language; sam-net si vb. to feel embar- 
 rassed or bashful. 
 
sam-liii — su 
 
 'su— suk- 
 
 409 
 
 sam-lin s. a district in Ham, sam-lin- 
 mo a tribe of Lepcha's from thence. 
 
 sam-ma som-ma see som. 
 
 sar 1. yb. n. to be lusty, Ion sar a 
 lusty bull; to be leacherous, md-rd sar a 
 1. man; — to be a good hunter kd-ju sar 
 a good-hunting dog; a-lyu sar a good 
 mouser (cat). — 2. to excel? 
 
 sar 2. vb. n. to be sharp-edged, kun 
 sar a tree with sharp buttress, tuk-nom 
 sar a thin nose tuk-nom sd-sar-ld id. — 
 sar-rd sar-rd sharp-edged, narrow. 
 
 sar see set: 
 
 sar-Si s. a tanner. 
 
 sal vb. to spring up (as dog), to mount 
 up (tree), as monkey, squirrel), kun sal 
 vb. to climb (as cat, squirrel). 
 
 sal den kuii s. a tree (wood black) M. 
 
 sal dem s. cheese. 
 
 sal-doii or sul-doii s. 1. a small coloured 
 box, as is given to children to play with ; 
 — 2. spec, of flower; spec, of flag (Iris). 
 
 sal-la until, so long? M. 
 
 *si-l6 T. si-la Skt. sillaM s. a kind of 
 incense. M. Boswellia thurifera. 
 
 sit s. a green, grassy spot? M. 
 
 sir-to L q. sir-to s. tribute, sio'-to cik vb. 
 to pay t. 
 
 -su postp. forms gen. (oblique base) 
 and possessive of go (I), kd-do (I myself) 
 possessive of a-do (thou, thyself) and hu- 
 do (he himself) M. Gr. e. c. go-niin kd- 
 do-sH td-ciyii vyet rem kd-sii vo-ka byi-ren 
 rum-niin kd-sii 16 bo fat God has given 
 me my hire, because I have given my 
 maiden to my husband G. go yO, miik-ld 
 kd-do-sH td-gri kiip lyan-ka mak pum-ka 
 non-so I will go into the grave unto my 
 son mourning G. 
 
 su 1. vb. t. to bake as bread, Ku si/,\ 
 sH-mm-bo an oven. — fam-si). s. an oveu 
 litly. "a baking thing". 
 
 su 2. T. gsil(-bd) hon. vb. t. to wash, 
 pd-no si/,. 
 
 su 3. neg. (ma-) sUnQ-ne) vb. n. to go 
 in (as hole), to be contained in, to be 
 able to pass thro' (as door), to be enter- 
 tained (as servant), to get interview with 
 
 (as into king's presence), to be allowed, 
 permitted, rom-ka md sUn will not go to 
 box, cannot be contained, a-lilt-ka md- 
 siin cannot be c. in heart; o-ba Idn za- 
 din tu-rdk rel-ld-ka pd-tek nydt sum zon 
 sH-wiin-sd dyo-di-sdn-sd tok-lH sd-po-ld 
 nydn t'o-wHn nyi there were set there six 
 waterpots of stone after the manner of 
 the purifying of the Jews, containing 
 two or three firkins apiece J.; yan-ld kd- 
 sii rih a-yu sd-gon-ka md-sii-nd ren a-yu 
 kd-sikn sot-sdn mat-bam but ye seek to 
 kill me, because my word has no place 
 in you J. o-re-pdn rel-ld rel-ld pi gdn go- 
 niin CO • pi-fom-bo-pdn suk-dHm-ka md-sii- 
 nd pu sak-cin .... the which, if they 
 should be written every one, I suppose 
 that even the world itself could not con- 
 tain the books that should be written J. 
 — su md sii as much as it will possibly 
 hold. 
 
 *SU 4. T. sel(-ba): sii mat vb. to cleanse 
 body of pollution. See sO, 2. 
 
 su 5: cam-sii s. a time unpropitious for 
 sowing. 
 
 su 6: tUn-dun sii, to have the t.-d. 
 disease. 
 
 'su 7: T. bsu (to go out to receive 
 or meet stranger), the L.'s seem to use it 
 in sense of "to accept of hospitality" as 
 ho sH-sdn d will you accept of my h.? 
 go md-sH-ne I will (or can) not do so. 
 
 *su 8. T. sul s. a trench, hollow; sH 
 non ceremony of making an oblation to 
 evil spirits by burying the body of animal 
 in hole. 
 
 su kun hlo s. a species of Buddlea. 
 
 su cen ace. M. to be litigious. 
 
 *su-mo mun s. a female devil, an 
 ogress, witch su-mo ba-mo; see sUn-mo. 
 
 *su-tsd T. ze-tsva s. saltpeter, nitre. 
 
 su-lun yu: s.-l. y. nd-gron nyo n. pr. the 
 goddess of conception. 
 
 suk- 1, see sd-, forms nouns and ad- 
 verbs e. c. siik-jam,-M adequately fr. jam 
 m.; — 2. i. q. so see silk-nap i. q. so- 
 nap; — 3. reduplication see under sak, cak, 
 jdk, jak. — See also tvk-, sii/i-, siir- etc. 
 
 26* 
 
410 
 
 suk — suk-hrup 
 
 suk-hryan— sun 
 
 siik 1. vb. to snuff; to snuff at, tuk- 
 ndm silk to snuff' at a thing; — to sob, 
 to snift; — siik-kd sobbing as in anger 
 or when weeping etc., suk-kd suk-kd 
 sobbing, whimpering; — w/; suk snifting 
 suk suk ny&m vb. to snift; suk suk hryop 
 vb. to weep sniftingly; — a-ddk suk the 
 symptoms of disease. 
 
 *suk 2. T. gzigs see s. v. pe 3. and su 3. 
 
 *suk 3. T. ts'igs s. the joint of any limb, 
 7ndn silk a joint of meat. 
 
 *suk 4. T. tsig s. a word; siik pot s. 
 a sentence. 
 
 suk-kyon see tuk-nyom. 
 
 siik-kyor old, decayed. 
 
 siik-kyd see tuk-nyom. 
 
 suk-gri i. q. sd-gri kun. 
 
 suk-gru muk s. Callicarpa rubella Wtt. 
 C. 135. 
 
 suk-grup s. chest. 
 
 suk jo for suk jo q. v. 
 
 siik-nyi i. q. sd-nyi see nyi. 
 
 suk-nyon i. q. sun-nyon. 
 
 suk-nydm s. a leaf, siik-nyom pd^gyd an 
 oval 1., suk-nyom sd-ji-bo fine -edged 1.; 
 suk-nyom pd-krat-bo jagged, edged 1.; 
 suk-ny&m pur-van-bo a round leaf. 
 
 suk-dak s fever, see ddk. 
 
 suk-dak for tuk-dam above M. 
 
 siik-dum s. the world, the universe, 
 M. 24, 136 suk-diim liik-min or suk-diim 
 lun-min tarn the world. — suk-diim lyan- 
 sd md-ro gun-nd all the world, every- 
 body P. 
 
 suk-nap i. q. so-nap s. the night. 
 
 suk-pyit s. pincers, pliers, see sum-pyit 
 and pit. 
 
 suk-pum s. a description of yam, s.-p. 
 buk bit, a spec, yam of red colour, not 
 very good; s.-p. buk mot a spec, of pale 
 colour. 
 
 suk-plan s. a spindle? 
 
 suk-fat adj. pointed, tapering to a point. 
 
 suk-myfl s. a reel. 
 
 suk-zo shld. be tmk-zo s. prompture, 
 sUk-zo tap vb. to prompt. 
 
 suk-hrup s. the stick that lays the warp 
 in weaving. 
 
 suk-hryan shld.be tmk-hrydn to be prolix. 
 
 suk-lim see tim, sd-lim. 
 
 suk-vot or sun-vdt kuh s. n. pr. of a 
 tree M. Casearia glomerata Wtt., C. 720. 
 
 suk-vdr kun s a tree, (from the wood 
 pestles (td-li) are made). 
 
 suk-vdr fo s. red-headed trogon Har- 
 pactes hodgsoni M. W. in R. 205. Je. 202. 
 
 suk-vyar see sUk-vyer. 
 
 suk-vyit s. the flesh on loin, sd-fydt 
 can-ka si/k-vyit dot (as much a flea would 
 bite out of the loin), a small piece; sd- 
 fydt can-ka suk-vyit dot tet byi vb. to 
 give a small piece; — sitk-vyit ddk s. the 
 lumbago. 
 
 suk-vyet kun see sd-vydt kun. 
 
 suk-vyet fo or suk-vyat fo i. q. a-rdt-sd 
 vydt fo M., ace. W. Pericrocotus speciosus 
 R. 215; suk-vyet fo mi dum ace, M. the 
 fire-tailed flower-pecker Myzornis pyrrh- 
 ura i. q. hla sii.k-vyet see W. R. 213 ace. 
 W. '■'sag-vyit me-dong" Pericrocotus bre- 
 virostris R. 215. 
 
 suk-vyer or suk-vyar s. mud, s.-v. yitm 
 adhesive, claggy mud; s.-v.-ka lydp vb. to 
 be bespattered with mud; s.-v.-ka mryul 
 to wallow in mud; — morter, sUk-vyer 
 ■sd dyin-kra sd dyok diik-nun with hard 
 bondage in morter and in brick. 
 
 suk sa-lom what, siik sd-lom dok-kHA go 
 what is the matter with you. M. 
 
 sfili- 1. i. q. sd-, siik- q, v. See dek, tir'i, 
 ton, tyan, miit. — 2. reduplication of jdn, 
 jan, jen, zdn, zdn, saw, sen, son etc. 
 
 *sun 1. T. gsun s. a relation, a story; 
 siih via s. relation, history; sUn ton or 
 s. prdl s. a division, chapter, sUn gyu vb. 
 to relate a story; see sun. 
 
 *sun 2. T. gzun-{-ba)? s. a cause, a 
 matter, siin-nim hryum. mat to punish 
 according circumstances; dUk-sd siin re 
 mat-lUn md-nyin-ne it is not possible by 
 any means. 
 
 *sun 3. T. san(-ba) (to purify, to cleanse 
 up) vb. t. to cast away as cleanse one's- 
 self from, to avoid (as sin) Id-yo siin. 
 
 suii 4. i. q. Id/i ? sH-n dydn-ydm-bo i. q. 
 Jan dydn-ydm-bo? 
 
suii — *sun-gi 
 
 suii-gi mun — suii-grydn 
 
 411 
 
 sun 5. expletive to pol q. v. 
 
 sun-ka-nyil fo s. goldheaded tailor-bird, 
 Orthotomus coronatus M. Je 2, 168. 
 
 sun-kaii s a kind of hoe, sun-kdn kd- 
 na, kon-kd-na. 
 
 sun-kan s. pyrosis, siin-kan byum vb, to 
 eject water-brash. 
 
 sun-kar see sd-kar. 
 
 sun-ku muii s. name of an evil spirit 
 that calls out at night, being the sun-ku 
 fo the greenbilled malcoha, Zanclostomus 
 tristis M. Je. 345. See sun-gron. 
 
 suh-kun see sd-kun. 
 
 suh-kd see sun-kdn M. 
 
 siin-kd zo s. a spec. zo. 
 
 suh-kya s. a meteor. 
 
 sun-kyan pa-Ian s. a bird (kingfisher) 
 Halcyon calipyga M. ace. Je. 227 H. 
 coromandelicus. 
 
 SUn-kyum i. q. sd-kryum kun. 
 
 sun-kyeh s. a species of shrew, — sidi- 
 kyen sum-bri s. a weasel (mustela) M. 
 
 suh-kyo s. small parts of butter, used 
 ornamentally at ofFerings; sun-kyo tsdk 
 tu-tmt the time for offerings, harvest-time 
 Tbr. 
 
 sun-kyd (see kyd) s. a spoon i. q. td-li. 
 
 sun-kydn see tuk-nyom. 
 
 sun-kri s. arum, M. 143, Arisaema 
 Hooker 2,49, sihi-kri-sd a-dyut s. the 
 shoots of arum; sun-kri fydn non to be 
 dead Tbr. — Specc. of arum: nyen tson 
 sun-kri, pan-dO. sun-kri, tson sUn-kri, ra-za 
 sun-kri, sd-nyim sun-kri; su'n-kri dyut or 
 sun-kri gyut a small spec. arum. — suii- 
 kri mot s. a coleopterous insect. See mot 2. 
 
 suii-krdm s. the roots of bulbous plants. 
 
 sun-klyan kun or suii-klydm kun s. Buck- 
 landia populnea M. Wtt. B. 926., s.-kl. 
 pot the fruit; see under tam-i. 
 
 *sun-ga-ldn n. pr. T. singa-glin Skt. 
 f^W^ltiT Ceylon. P. 
 
 siin-gan s. penis Tbr. 
 
 suh-gan-mo s. a wild boar Tbr. 
 
 sun-gi 1. a species of pulse. 
 
 siin-gi 2. tyan-mo sun-gi s. the proboscis 
 of elephant, T. glan sna. 
 
 *sun-gi 3. T. sen-ge Skt. fflf s. a lion, 
 
 called fam-cdn-sd pd-no the king of beasts, 
 rum sun-gi heaven-born lion M., siin-gi 
 ydn-sd tam-cdn kat-ka tul-han riding on 
 an animal called sim-gi (lion P.) 
 
 sun-gi mun n. pr. of an evil spirit, sitii- 
 gi mun zdk the venereal disease. 
 
 suh-gin kun n. pr. of a tree M. 
 
 sun-gu for mUn-gu s. garlic. 
 
 sun-gun rik n. of a tree, Bauhinia 
 Wallichii Wtt. B. 342. 
 
 sun-gdm kuii n. of tree DillenialndicaM. 
 
 sun-gdl see huk. 
 
 suh-gyat s. sides of thrashing-floor. 
 
 suii-gyen s. n. of tree and fruit, the 
 latter used as medicine, the Cassia fistula. 
 
 sun-gydr i. q. gyor s. a live coal; hd-yu- 
 niin mi smi-gyor dd-vmn-sd a-pldtl-ka no 
 sd liu ka t'o-wun si they saw a fire of 
 coals there, and fish laid thereon, and 
 bread J. 
 
 sun-graii fya s. a spec, of yam? M. 
 
 sun-gru for sun-rH q. v. 
 
 suii-grem fo s. name of a grey bird, 
 blackthroated wren-babbler, Stachyris 
 nigriceps M. "■sangryem" Stachyridopsis 
 nigriceps R. 212, „sing-gri-em" Pellor- 
 neum mandellii E. 21:^. See sun-gryam. 
 
 suii-grdn explet. to sUn-ku mun q. v. 
 
 siin-grdn muii s. name of evil spirit, 
 being a stealer of little children, the e. 
 sp. of lost children; i.-g. m. dyuk in shape 
 of a girl with long hair; — siin-grdn mun 
 ki tyiim-bu i q. da bryo bu (168); — sun- 
 gron mun fik tyak s. name of plant (acid); 
 — siin-groh 'muii pd-som kydt fa to pluck 
 and eat the seed of pd-som Tbr. ; — siin- 
 grdn mun niim-dak s. species of grass; — 
 sUn-gron Idfi s. a spec, of quartz. 
 
 sun-gryam (adjly. grey): a-fyak siin- 
 gryam mat head to be getting grey. See 
 suti-grem fo. 
 
 sun-gryeh adjly exhausted, as ci, tobacco; 
 destituted M.; — expletive to piin-von 
 (see von) new settlers in a place. 
 
 sun-grydn s. a spider, sd-na siiti-gjydn 
 a tarantula; — sun-gryon mm si tyam a 
 spinner ot cotton Tbr.; — suii-grydn son 
 a spider's web; siin-grydn sdn fik bam to 
 
412 
 
 sun-gli— sun-na 
 
 sun-nan— siin-li 
 
 affix web; — sun-grydn kun s. species of 
 Mimosa; — sun-gry6n muk s. spec. 
 Hypericum; also Euphorbia hirta and 
 pulcherrima M.; — sun-grydn kd-tydp s. a 
 spec. Lamia. 
 
 sun-gli see tun-gli under gli, sun-gli 
 sun-nan paradise. 
 
 sun-glu for tun-glu kun. 
 
 sun-cdm s. a kind of sword, made of 
 wood, sun-c&m, pd-yuk hydn a person 
 with a formidable look Tbr. 
 
 sun-c6r s. name of plant. Begonia. 
 
 *sun-6ot If or siin-cdt li a privy, See 
 san-cdt. 
 
 sun-jf-kun see tun-ji-kun, tuk-ji-kun, td- 
 ji kun pg. 118 A, the smallest species of 
 fig Ficus confertiflora M. ace. "Wtt. P. 
 156 Ficus Cunia; — sun-ji mi tin (L. 
 Legend) s. original fire which sprang 
 from the bowels of the earth. 
 
 suh-nyon adj. deeply rooted, as yams. 
 
 suii-tet fo see sUm-tit fo. 
 
 suii-toh: a-nyor sun-ton adj. deaf siin- 
 ton tek ham to be deaf Tbr. 
 
 sun-ton kun s. a tree Brassaiopsis palmata 
 M. ace. Wtt. B. 796 Brassaiopsis mitis. 
 — s. t. cuk s. cork? M. 
 
 suii-t'an s. name of a very large species 
 of creeper; — s.-f. kun name of tree; s. 
 t. bil s. a spec, of woodmaggot (very 
 small), spec. Isopoda; — s -f. fya s. the 
 root of sun-fan; a yam Tbr. sUn-t'ari fyet 
 vb. to cut the root of sun-tan, Tbr: a 
 play, where a person is to refrain from 
 laughter, when excited to do so by another. 
 
 suh-dak s. marrow of bone. 
 
 sun-dak or suii-dak ka-5f s. the civet-cat 
 (Prionodon)? M. 
 
 sun-dun: sUn-dun byi vb. to still one's 
 cause M. 
 
 suh-do, nyin s.-do see mon 2. (298 B). 
 
 suh-don s. a species of butterfly. 
 
 suh-dyaii, " sing-dyang" a thar of the 
 L. people H. H. Kisley Tribes 2, 88. 
 See sd-dyan. 
 
 sun-dyan sun-kri s. a spec, sun-kri M. 
 
 siin-na s. a tree M. Premna longifolia 
 Wtt. P. 1240. 
 
 siin-nan expletive to sun-gli q. v. 
 
 sun-nu explet. to sd-g&r (a cliff) q. v. 
 
 sun-p^ii (see tiE) s. a spec, of hornet. 
 
 ''sun-pu i. q. sun-bo q. cfr. 
 
 sun-pdn kun s. a species of oak, s.-p. 
 dan-sd Quercus lamellosa, s.-p. hlo-sd 
 another spec; sUn-pdn pot s. the acorn 
 of ditto, larger than sd-oH and which grow 
 in large clusters. 
 
 sun-fah s. the flower of maize i. q. sd-kro. 
 
 sun-far s. a small arrow sd-li tydk. 
 
 sun-fdn s. moss. 
 
 sun-fldn adj. coarsely chopped or 
 powdered (as meat, meal). 
 
 suh-flyun muk s. a species of bell-flower. 
 
 sun-ban see ban. 
 
 sun-bam s. funeral rites performed in 
 the day. 
 
 *sun-bo T. srun-ba s. an amulet, a 
 charm, sun-bo bu gdn mun mik md-sir-ne 
 if you wear an amulet, the evil spirit will 
 not see you; sun-bo tik-sfh. to give amulet. 
 
 sun-bran kun s. a tree, spec, of Medinilla. 
 
 sun-brdh kun s. a tree Schima Wallichii, 
 ace. Hooker I, 157 "sing-brang kung" 
 Gordonia Wallichii, see also sikn-hrarl kun. 
 
 sun-mi "sang-mi" a thar of the L. 
 people H. H. Risley, Tribes 2, 88. 
 
 sun-mut see under mut, mat. 
 
 *sun-mo, mo sun-mo T. srin-mo seesu-mo. 
 
 sun-zam bi s. celery; — sun-zam kun 
 see also pron zam kun M. 
 
 suh-ya s. a spec, dock sUn-yd muk M. 
 
 suh-yuh kun and suii-ydh kun s. two 
 specc. of trees M. 
 
 suh-rik or san-rik (a creeper). 
 
 sun-ru kun s. a tree, Xanthoxylum 
 alatum M., Wtt. Z. 9. 
 
 suh-rok see «Mw-Aro^and«a-AroApg.402B. 
 
 suh-li s. a net kd-cor Tbr. M. 132 J., 
 sun-li tak or sun-li tyer vb. to cast nest; 
 siin-li du vb. to draw in net; siin-li tset 
 vb. to net; siin-ti tuk-po s. the line of 
 net; siin-li diim s. the body of the net; 
 siin-li pd-tum a stick for releasing net, 
 when caught as under stone; siin-li piim 
 s. the bag of net; sitn-li pot s. the weights 
 of net; siiii-li td-kli the string for 
 
suh-li kun — sun-vo 
 
 sun-vo— siin-plak 
 
 413 
 
 fastening the pot, suii-li pot fyan to affix 
 ditto; suii-li plyun sim-bo the floats; sun- 
 li run-ldm s. the string on which the 
 weights are strung. 
 
 suii-li kun s. a tree, a species Betula; 
 B. cylindrostachys M. Wtt. B. 514; hlo 
 sun-li Betula acuminata Wtt. B. 496; — 
 sun-U hlo n. pr. of a steep mountain on 
 the Nepal frontier W. 64. M. XX n 
 Anglice Singlelah. 
 
 sun-ldk kun s. spec. Terminalia Hooker 
 2, 7., T. myriocarpa M., Wtt. T. 353, ace. 
 Hooker I, 306 T. pentaptera; — n. pr. 
 of a locality. M. sun-lok va-rik s. a plant, 
 a spec. Combretum; s.-l. va td-hryum s. 
 a spec, fish M. 
 
 sun-tyer s. a tree, Calophyllum polyan- 
 thum Wtt. C. 152. 
 
 sufi-lydn s. funeral rites, exequies (by 
 night, see sun-bam); s.-l. mat vb. to per- 
 form ditto. 
 
 sun-lydp i. q. so lydp. 
 
 sun-hi s. 1. a sort of noose, snare, also 
 a line for fishing-rod etc. mn-M sak vb. 
 to set ditto; 2. twine, thread, thin string. 
 
 sun-hip expletive to sun-mut (wind) 
 see mat. 
 
 sun-hrok fo see sd-hrok fo. 
 
 sun-hrok kun see sd-hrok kun. 
 
 sun-lildk kun s. a tree M. 
 
 sun-hlyo s. a spear, a lance, M. 20. s. 
 h. fut or kun s. the staff of sp. — s.-h.- 
 sd fyer vb. to throw spear; s.-h.-sd pok 
 vb. to thrust with spear; s.-h. bun-bo 
 s. a lancer, sun-hlyo a-fyak sam nyim-bo 
 a three-headed spear, a trident T. /ia- 
 (van rtse gsum Skt. f^TT^l the attribute 
 of Padmasambhava P. — sun-hlyo rip s. 
 a shrub. 
 
 sun va l.vb. to carry away and sell as slave 
 Tbr.; 2. s. throwing away sun-va mat fat. 
 
 suii-van expletive to nd-on (189B). 
 
 suh-vi incorr. shld. be suit-hi q. v. 
 
 sun-vo 1. s a buffalo siin-vo Ion s. a 
 male b. M. 25, sun-vo gu a matured 
 female buffalo; sun-vo yen a tame b., 
 that has run wild, sm\-no zon mat vb. to 
 stare upwards as buffalo. — See un siin-vo. 
 
 SUii-vo 2. vast, td-lyd siin-vo the vast, 
 the immensity of td-lyd dd, the ocean. 
 
 sun-vyaii i. q. Uk-vyan s. a running noose. 
 
 suh-vyum sun-kri s. a spec. sUn-kri M. 
 
 sun-sun kun s. a tree Schima Wallichii 
 M. see sUn-bron kun, ace. Wtt. Celtis 
 tetandra Wtt. C. 900. 
 
 sun-sop kuii s. a spec, of Ficus M. 
 
 sun-sdt kun s. spec, of Ficus F. hispida 
 M. also tuk-sdt, tUn-sdt Wtt. F. 168, 202. 
 
 sun-sdr kun s. the cinnamom-tree? 
 Cinnamomum see ni/p-s6r 195B. sUn-sor 
 nyok kun see under bon 3. 
 
 sun-§d fo s. a crane M. 
 
 sut vb. to exorcise evil spirit by the 
 ceremony of waving {mun-mt) or offering 
 propitiatory offering (as fowl, 294 B, pig) ; — 
 a-sut s. a tune, a-siit a-ryum s. a good 
 tune; a-siit a-jen s. a bad tune; {a-)sut 
 tsun vb. to sing, to play a tune, (a-^sHt 
 rik vb. to be in tune. 
 
 sut lyon vb. to start as from sudden 
 appearance etc. s.-l.-nd suddenly, start- 
 ingly; s.-l.-nd fi vb. to arrive suddenly. 
 
 sun 1. see sm 3. 
 
 *sun 2. T. zinQ-pa) pret. oPjin^-pa) (to 
 seize, to take, to catch hold of) vb. to 
 be infected (as by disease); to take (as 
 vaccine), to take as colour, to be fixed 
 see t§o; — hon. vb. to be pleased, fu 
 sUn id.; siin-bo, tu siin-bo s. the pleasers 
 of king, domestics, flatterers. 
 
 sun 3. siin bam to have whiskers, to 
 be covered with hair (face). 
 
 *sun 4. siin tori (T. sron gton-ba to give 
 an equivalent?) s. compensation; ransom; 
 pledge. 
 
 sun-krd kun s. a tree, spec. Morus, 
 mulberry, (fruit small). 
 
 *sun-cun T. bsran-cun (a little hard- 
 ship) s. an annoyance, U siin-cun the 
 botherment of the house. 
 
 suii-toh ace. Wtt. ^^suntong" s. Hepta- 
 pleurum impressum Wtt. H. 128. 
 
 sun-dak s. the spinal marrow. 
 
 sun-ddk ace. Wtt. "-sundok" s. Pavetta 
 tomentosa Wtt. P. o38. 
 
 sun-plak s. a spool M. 
 
414 sun-ram kun— sum-cen 
 
 sum-tit fo— sum-b6h dn 
 
 sun-ram kun s. the guava-tree Psydium 
 piriferum, sun-ram pot the fruit of ditto. 
 sun-vdk adj. mixed, smeared with dirt. 
 *sun San T. bsran sran-fa (to endure 
 hardship) vb. to suffer as from illness; 
 sun Mn-bo s. a sufferer, sun sdn-ld 
 suffering. 
 
 sup- reduplication of jop, zop, sip, siip 
 e. c. sup-j6p-ld i. q. suk-j6p-ld pressed 
 together, pressed flat, narrow, a-fy'ak s - 
 j.-ld a narrow head as if pressed together. 
 sup 1. vb. t. to close, an sup vb. to 
 close up hole, vyen sup to close door; 
 lorn siip-ndn road to be closed up as by 
 jungle overgrowing it, rendering it very 
 narrow; vb. n. to swell; to suppurate 
 man du sup glandular swelling, mo sup- 
 non suppurating wound; — vb. t. to 
 cook dry (rice) zo no-lun sup. — a-siip 
 s. pucker in cloth ; a ravine lyan sup. — 
 tuk-sup and tiin-sup 1. s. bellows, tuk-sup- 
 sd hyep vb. to blow with bellows; — 
 2. s. the matter in boil, tuk-sijp 'ayep vb. 
 to press matter out of boil, tuk-sup fa 
 vb. to issue out (matter). 
 
 *sup 2. T. srib s. darkness, Lyan siip 
 a dark plaCe, where sunshine does not 
 penetrate. 
 
 sup nan s. a dragon-fly, see un sun-vo. 
 * sup-mo T. bsrub-7na s. a churning-rod. 
 sup-yu i. q. sum-yii. 
 sup-lok shld. be tmp-lok q. v. 
 sum- 1. i. q. sd- e. c. siim-mlyd-ld 
 slightly sloping, as ground; — 2. re- 
 duplication of zam q. v., jam II etc. e. c. 
 sum-jam all, the whole, sum-jam-ld all, 
 wholly, altogether. M. 77. 
 
 -sum postp. object, of su see kd-sum s. 
 V. go and kd II. 
 
 sum vb. to be damp, sum-md suim-md 
 damp, sum-sum-ld id., s.-s. sdn vb. to be 
 a little damp. Met. angry a-mlem sum 
 sum-Id. — a-sum s. 1. air, steam, vapour, 
 a-siim blon-ld hrdn to steam (as horse etc) ; 
 2. the spirit, the strength of liquors. 
 
 sum-cit fo (see under un) s. a bird, 
 Henicurus maculatus M. 
 
 sum-cen fo (see under un), ace. W. 
 
 Jdo sum-cen ('■'■Iho sam-chin^^) the "moun- 
 tain" -"Sam-chin" Henicurus maculatus; 
 dan s. c. Henicurus imniaculatus; un s. 
 c. Henicurus guttatus, un s. c.-fo kup 
 Microcichla scouleri R. 217. 
 
 sum-tit fo s. a bird, chestnust-headed 
 wren, Tesia flaviventris M., ace. W. Oli- 
 gura castaneicoronata R. 212.; siim-tit 
 sum-non fo s. the slatybellied wren, Tesia 
 auriceps M. ace. W. "sam-tit tamr-mong^' 
 Tesia cyaniventris R. 212. 
 sum-to s. name of evil spirit. 
 sum-tet s. a spec, of arrow. 
 sum-dat s. the crossbeam of house. 
 sum-da! s. sprouts that rise up from 
 roots of corn after being cut M. sum-dal 
 lik s. a running noose at end of stick 
 for catching fowls or pigs, s.-d-lik tik 
 vb to set ditto. 
 
 sum-dor s. a district in Ham, siim-dor- 
 mo a tribe of L.'s of thence. 
 
 sum-dydl fo s. Nepal quacker-thrush, 
 Alcippe nepalensis M. Je. 2,18. 
 sum-put kun see sd-put. 
 sum-pijm 1. i. q. a-piim s. a globe, a 
 bulb, sum-pum-ld globular. See pum. 
 2. incorr. for sd-piim buk (yam). 
 
 sum-pun fo s. pintailed green pigeon, 
 Sphenocercus apicaudus M., Je 3,454, 
 R. 208. 
 
 sum-pyar for Um-pydr s. 1. the tail of 
 fish M. 20 see Mm and pydr; 2. the 
 rippling curls in running streams, un 
 sum-pydr; — see under nd-var. 
 
 sum-pyit s. the beam used to clasp, 
 hence the warp in weaving, see sun-pyit 
 and pit, pyit. 
 
 sum-prek fo i. q. nwm-p'ek fo also siim- 
 piyuk fo and num-pryik fo q. v. Mo sum- 
 prek fo the gold-headed black bull-finch 
 Pyrrhoplectes epauletta Je. 2. 392. 
 
 sum-plyan t'am biyak s. a species of 
 large brown butterfly. 
 
 *sum-|jun (fr. T. zin-pun ?) an unlucky 
 day M. 
 
 sum-bu sum-bdn i. q. kum-bu kum-bml 
 (21 A) q. v. 
 
 sum-bdh dn i. q. num-bon on the para- 
 
sum-byat— sur 
 
 dise- flycatcher; called also fo pd-no the 
 king of birds. , See 1SJ6 A. 
 sum-byat adv. next year, new year M. 71. 
 sum-byal (or -byel) s. the one side of 
 sloping roof U -sinn-byel; s.-b. nydt the 
 two sides, the sloping roof. See bal. 
 sum-brah kuii i. q. sM-brdn kun. 
 Sutn-bri s. 1. a spec, of lemon; — 2. 
 expletive to sun-hyeh. 
 sum-bret fo. see un suwi-bret fo. 
 sum-bryak fo s. black-headed Sibia, 
 Sibia capistrata M., Je 2,54. ace. W. the 
 long-tailed S., Sibia picaoides R. 212. 
 sum-bryon s. the common fly, s.-b. vyan 
 bu s. a maggot of ditto. 
 sum-brydl bi s. a species of pulse (bean). 
 sum-bia s. a species of arum (?) kiir- 
 cin sum-bla. 
 sum-bli see kd-cer. 
 
 sum-blin s. Baccaurea sapida Wtt. B. 4. 
 sum-blyu kuii s. a tree, sum-blyv pot s. 
 the fruit of ditto M. . 
 
 sum-blydn expletive to »WM/t-mt/a»? ashade. 
 sum-mar kun for sd-mdl kun ? M. 
 sum-mul kuii s. a tree (good wood for 
 planks) M. 
 sum-mo see sd-mo. 
 sum-myar s. a spec, of wasp. 
 sum-myo kun s. ace. M. a tree. 
 sum-yu s. a rafter, sum-yv, ka vb. to 
 put up rafters. 
 
 sum-lit s. edges rounded off' s.-l. zuk vb. 
 to round off edges. 
 
 sum-Id s. a lance, a spear, a spike, 
 placed to mark off a field. 
 
 sum-hu s. hair Tbr.; — sum-su kuii a 
 spec, of oak; surn-su p6t s. acorn., 
 
 sur- i. q. sd- e. c. sur-jdk-ld i. q. ad- 
 jdk-ld sharp-pointed see jdk; svr-vok-ld 
 see vdk, sur-vd-ld see vd etc. 
 
 sur 1. vb. n. to be affected (as with 
 disease, perhaps allied to T. zug, zur-mo 
 pain, ache or gzer{-ba) M;; — i. q. Idn 
 to be affected, conceited, to be vain siir 
 16m to walk conceitedly. 
 
 sur 2. a-siir s. a plait, a wrinkle, pli- 
 cature, pucker, dum siir a frill, lyan siir 
 ravined ground, a ravine. 
 
 sur— su 
 
 41.5 
 
 sur 3. sur sur damp, wet as jungle, 
 place for which it is generally used muk, 
 sill' sfir damp grass. 
 
 sur-ki, silr-ki tydp s. a particular way 
 of laying clothes over shoulder. 
 
 ■ sur kyem T. gser skyems s. any offering 
 offered to riim; litly. "gold (corn) and 
 drink", corn and wine being formerly 
 the offerings; s.-k. dijdn vb. to offer ditto 
 by flinging; s.-k. dydn-bo s. a sweeper, a 
 nightman Tbr. 
 
 siir-no s. the valley above dan, the 
 latter being to the height, where rice 
 grows well, sur-no being the height, where 
 it does not flourish, between dan and hlo; 
 svr-no dar'i s. the middle country. 
 
 sur-nyor s. the priming pan of gun see 
 nyor i. q. Ka siir. 
 
 sur-du hur s. (Yakt'oomba-w.) s. a 
 sickle. See siir-vi hur ban. 
 
 *sur-nd T. ser-sna s. (envy, avarice) 
 used also to mean "hatred"; silrrno mat 
 vb. to- envy. Am niim-sdn-nunhicm sur-nd 
 mat his brethren envied him G. 
 sur-yu, a-mik sHr-yii, heavy eye-lids. 
 sur-vl hur ban s. a sickle. See sur-du hur. 
 sur-vin 1. s. the sharp edges of pd-li., 
 also swallow-shape-winged. 
 
 sur-vfh 2. s. second sight, clairvoyance; 
 — sur-vin Um-bo s. a seer, sHr-vin (yon 
 vb. the clairvoyance to be obscured. 
 sur-vo 1. see sa-wo. 
 
 SUr-VO 2. s. charcoal; — siir-vo rip s. 
 a spec, of air-plant. ' 
 sul- reduplic. of sol. 
 sul-don i. q. sal-don s. a toy-box, sUl- 
 don rip s. a spec, of flag. 
 
 su, su-m 1. vb. n. to be hot, pungent, 
 as pepper, to be fiery, as spirit or as 
 person, md-zu su vb, to be well in body; 
 — 2. to roar, as wind or as water, to 
 rattle, as rain, to roar, as sound in sub- 
 terraneous passage; mlo su the roaring 
 of the wind ; — see sut; — su-vok n. pr. 
 of a locality in Silthim (su and vok con- 
 centrated,) W. 72. see sd-vok. -r a-sum 
 adj. hot, pungent; — s. muscular motion 
 (as a snake after death). 
 
416 
 
 su— sut, a-sut 
 
 (sun,) pa-sun— sur 
 
 su 2. vb. to place on apart; — a-su s. 
 wide spreading (as a tree). 
 
 *su 3. T. gzigs(?) a-mik su ndk vb. to 
 glance to; -^ tiin-su s. litly. a door to 
 take a glance out; tun-su vyeh s. a small 
 window. 
 
 (su 4.) pur-su adj. equal in size and 
 appearance, applied to groups of trees, 
 crops etc. 
 
 *su 5. T. hios (meat, food) s. a feast, 
 mjL zo vb. to feast. 
 
 *su 6. T. srub{-pa) vb. t. to agitate, 
 to churn, used only by L.'s for the 
 churning of tea, c6 su to churn tea. 
 
 su 7. or sur s. edge, su sain three 
 edges, triangular. 
 
 su ffk t'yak rik Tbr. i q. sun-har ■pyim rik. 
 
 suk L vb. to be regardless of, to be 
 indifferent, to be callous; see under don 6. 
 
 suk 2. vb. 1. to repound rice in order 
 to cleanse it of husk zo suk. 2. to erase 
 or correct error in writing or speaking. 
 
 *suk 3. T. gzug vb. n. to be in pain. 
 
 suk-jo s. king's crown. 
 
 sun 1. T. gsun{-ba) vb. (to command, 
 to order) used by L.'s for king or great 
 man "to speak," T. gsun, a-dyit-ka sun 
 ydri-re nyi in the beginning was the 
 word J.; sun ten s. commandments. 
 
 sun 2. vb. n. to be close, sun nan or 
 din vb. to sit or stand close. 
 
 *sun 3.T. srun(-ba) (to guard, to defend) 
 vb. t. used in sense of "to beware" as 
 jdk-bam-mun-sd lyan-ka sun-lyon len-gyek 
 dr-fan sun-nd in places of brawls of 
 funeral rites, of bastard-births and such 
 like beware; — to watch, to keep, to 
 observe; — sun Icor-bo (T. srun 'Icor) s. 
 a domestic chaplain of king. — tun-sun 
 and tuk-sun s. a stockade. 
 
 sun, 4. Ion sun s. instrument for making 
 eye of hoe. 
 
 sut, a-sut s. a sound; a report, news, 
 echo; see su 1,2. a-sut a-grim iA.; a-sut 
 sd-ba-re-ba tyo non the report spread 
 everywhere; nyi-bam-mun-sd a-sut an 
 authentic report; md-nyin-nvn-sd a-sut 
 an unfounded report; a-sut tek the echo; 
 
 (a-')sut blydn (non) the report is current; 
 a-sut fyo vb. to hear a report; sut sd-h 
 go what is the news; sut dvn vb. to tell 
 news, hd-yu sut a-jdn hu-do bo lyan-ka 
 so dun byi (J.) brought unto his father 
 their evil report G.; sut diin-ydm-bo s. 
 a news-monger; sut vydt vb. to ask the 
 news; sut vydt-ydm-bo an inquisitive 
 person; tsuk-lat tsuk-kydr gun-nd sut tyo 
 vb. to hear the news from east to west P. 
 
 (sun,) pa-sun adj. cut slanting towards 
 the small end (as bamboo holder) pd-dam 
 pd-tyut; a bamboo holder cut towards 
 the small end instead of the large end 
 towards the roots pd-tek pd-sun. 
 
 sun-dor see tur-sun-dor. 
 
 sup vb. n. to swell, as body, or any 
 part, met. also as heart a-lut sup nan-re 
 zon li vb. to feel one's heart swell as 
 from indignation; — sup-ddk s. dropsy, 
 sup-ddk gyit a dropsical family. . See siip. 
 
 sum 1., a-sum see su 1. 
 
 sum 2. vb. n. to run intermittent, sum 
 ddn id.; un sum s. a stream of rain; — 
 tuk-sum adj. s. intermittent, a stream as 
 of rain-water, that flows or dries up, 
 according as it is fed by rain or its 
 source, un tuk-sum; see un blot inter- 
 mittent spring. 
 
 sum 3. vb. n. to be merry, to be sportive, 
 fine, beautiful, lyan sum a pleasant place; 
 sum so ryut fine, cheerful weather. 
 
 sum 4. s. a giiost, shade of the dead, 
 sum kup id. bu sum din the spirit to be 
 departing Tbr. M. 
 
 *sum 5. T. si'um s. flesh, sum jak to 
 itch all over body. 
 
 sum 6. vb. n. to be begotten (beasts), 
 sum tu-tsat rel-ld whensoever (the cattle) 
 did conceive; t'am-cdn-sd fdn-sdn-ka fi-ba 
 sum-non (that) they should conceive, when 
 they came to drink G. 30. 38. 
 
 sum 7. s. the joists of floor, under- 
 flooring of house U sum 
 
 ■ sum 8. T. gsum L. sam num. three, lim 
 sum (Idn and sum three stones?) s. a mill. 
 
 sur 1. secret, sur-ka advbly. in secret, 
 clandestinely, sur-ka to vb. to keep secret, 
 
sur— *set 
 
 "set— so 
 
 417 
 
 sur-ka li-mm-bo-re bra-ka dot to publish 
 that which ought to be spoken in secret; 
 m go yo gdn to-nun Id sur-ka m-ld md- 
 zuk-ne for there is no man, that doeth 
 any thing in secret J. Prom sw 3?. 
 
 sur 2. s. a check, sur nuk a sort of 
 fol sim, sur vun s. a sign set up to show, 
 that the owner of house does not wish 
 to receive visits; a-dyan sur see under ^j/d. 
 
 "sur 3. T. zur 1. an angle, an edge, 
 sur sam-bo triangle; sur a-nan a right 
 angle, sur ji-bo a quadrangle; 2. a 
 ravine. 
 
 sur 4 a-sur s. a track, a trace; see man. 
 
 sul vb. to go into (as animals when 
 driven along the road, to go into jungle) 
 to put into (as any thing into hole), to 
 conceal in, to insert, pd-z6k-ka sul to 
 place in jungle; pd-z6k-ka ma-lun sul to 
 hide in jungle; go-nun a-do bon-ka mi- 
 nan-sd sul-so I will place this firebrand 
 in your mouth. Cfr. T. sel-ba and sal. 
 
 sul i. q. sol q. v. 
 
 se 1. (see sa 2.) s. a present sent to 
 relations of deceased; se so vb. to carry 
 condoling-present, a-mak se-ka non to go 
 to condole with one. 
 
 *se 2. T. gsal(-ba) vb. to clear, to 
 clean up, mon se vb. to have a clear 
 distinct dream which afterwards proves 
 true; — T. sel(-ba) vb. t. to correct, to 
 make straight, to put in order, to repair. 
 
 *se 3. i. q. set 2. vb. n. to be finished, 
 ended, kdm se-non money to be expended. 
 
 *se 4. T. sre(-ba) vb. t. to aggregate, 
 to compile, rin se to collect all the sub- 
 stance of a speech. 
 
 *8e 6. T. sras hon. for L. a-kup M. 
 135 s. the son or daughter of great man, 
 a prince, a princess, pd-no se the king's 
 son; pd-no se-mo the king's daughter. 
 
 *se 6. T. ca, cas see ca HI: *se-bo s. 
 weapons?, *se-go T. cas-gos (dress, 
 appearance) s. rations, victuals, sustenance, 
 expenses for food; mu lyd se s. accoutre- 
 ments. 
 
 'set T. gsod(-pa) 1. vb. t. to efface, to 
 blot out, to obliterate, expurge, annul, 
 
 to furbish clean, 2. vb. n. to fade (as 
 colour) also sat. 
 
 *set 2 (T. zad, 'dsad(-pa) vb. n. to be 
 expended, exhausted, tdu set-Id (T. ts'e 
 zad) mak to die by exhaustion; exhausted 
 as money, rice kom set, zo set. 
 
 *set-Sin T. gsal-sin s. an impaling- 
 stake P., set-sin lam vb. to impale. 
 
 sen 1., piin-sen see pi/n-san sub v. san. 
 
 *sen 2. T. gsan{-ba) hon. vb. to hear, 
 L. tyo, to vouchsafe, to be gracious, to 
 grant, pd-no md-sen-ne the king will 
 not hear, will not grant, rum-nun I. rin 
 sen-sdn God hearkened unto L. G. 
 
 sen 3. (neg.) see se q. cfr. 
 
 ser see sdr (to be rotten), tnik ser to 
 have drooping eyelids. 
 
 sel 1. see sdl. 
 
 *sel T. sel(-ba) vb. to stick into, to 
 insert M. 85. See under hid 2. 
 
 so 1., a-so s. the veins, the fibres of 
 wood kuii-sd a-so; the muscles, a-so tan 
 vb. n. to be cramped, s. the cramp; a- 
 so tim-nyim-bo adj. muscular; a-so fyd 
 vb. n. to be strained; a-so bral a. the 
 muscles; so tsa/l vb. to stretch; — the 
 privy parts of man or woman; — the 
 influence of evil spirits, a-so pot the evil 
 influence is within him, to be bewitched; 
 — explet. to (a-)gydn q. v. 
 
 SO 2, 1. rain; — 2. in compos, the 
 weather, the state of weather or atmo- 
 sphere, see also sd- 1. so-sa mi-niin dop 
 so-myan un-niJm bu-wun-sd rin to ryak 
 Kii-Mn go if burnt in fire-like weather 
 or drowned in waters of rain, who is 
 there, that can prosecute: a proverb 
 implying that no one can call the great 
 to account. 
 
 ad 1 . rain, so gydn-nd gydn-nd or gydn- 
 nd etc. very heavy continual rain; so gan- 
 nd gan zok to leak in streams; so tuk-jek 
 dripping as from roof, so tHk-jek vor a 
 channel for ditto; — so cup (rain) to 
 pour incessantly, so cup dyun nan it is 
 working for rain; so cet the rain has 
 stopped; so tun-jam-mo non to rain Tbr.; 
 so dan (to rain) : so rol dan to rain heavy, 
 
 27 
 
418 
 
 so 
 
 §0 
 
 large drops; so l&n dan large drops of 
 rain to fall (as in sunny shower) ; so prol 
 (rain) to cease; so siik-frdt or tiik-frot 
 falling in large drops with breaks of 
 sunshine; so yu to rain M. 92.; so (a-) 
 bo {don) (a-)mo (don) yu to rain at first 
 lightly and afterwards to pour in torrents 
 "the mother and father come in search of 
 their children", the children being the 
 light rain Tbr.; rif so yu a sunny shower; 
 so ti-kun nyo-hun yu i. q. so bo mo yu; 
 so cum-md cum-md or bun-nd bun-nd or 
 dun-nd dun-nd yu drizzling rain; so sor- 
 rd sor-rd yu to pour in torrents; so bryok- 
 kd bryok-kd yu id.; so blydk yu id.; so 
 dap yu to rain very heavy; so tuk-dun yu 
 to drizzle very gently ; so lyan mal-ld yu 
 to rain universally, so lyan jen-lun yu to 
 rain partially; so yut i. q. so yu; so yut 
 tydr to rain much ; so lat to leak ; so jin- 
 nd jin-nd lat to leak very much; so pmi- 
 brydn-ld lat or pim-brydn-ld lat to leak 
 in numerous places; so hu rain to beat 
 in; — so fyok to shelter from r.; so tsok 
 1. to catch rain, 2. to stand rain, 3. to 
 keep off rain as done by incantation of 
 lama; — so-nvn krip to be washed off 
 by rain (as dirt); so-niin klyot to be 
 drenched with r.; so-nun fop da nyi to 
 be laid by rain (as corn). 
 
 Comp. so-gi s. hanging drops of water, 
 rain etc.; dew; so-gi hut yh. to knock off 
 the dew (as with stick before walking 
 out), so-gi hut-non he has gone on a 
 journey, so-gi pot nan dew to hang (as 
 on a leaf); — so tuk-ci-vo a gutter or 
 ditch for rain; — so tHk-vor s. id.; — 
 so tuk-ldn I. q. so tuk-jek; — so tdk glo 
 dropping as from tree; — so ddr or so- 
 blydk torrents of r.; — so-myan s. the wet 
 or rainy season M. 142. so-myan tu-ts'dt 
 T. car-dus, so-myan din-ka so-myan cuk- 
 ka at the height of the rains; — so vun- 
 lyan direction or place where r. shifts. 
 
 ad 2. (weather, atmosphere, day and 
 night) so-tap a. hail, also sd-tap; — 
 
 so-nap (see sd-dyak and nap M. 71, 140) 
 s. night, so-nap tyan a dark night, so- 
 
 nap-sd dyok ton mat vb. to do the deeds 
 of darkness; so m,d-nap-nd-ba when not 
 yet night; ca so-nap or sd-o^on so-nap last 
 night; a-nye so-nap to-night; so-nap so- 
 nap nightly; so-nap-ka by night. — 
 
 so-non s. snow, so-non yu to snow, 
 so-non yum to melt, see sd-n6n M. 91; 
 — so-fi s. dusk; — so fim-nd fdn-nd 
 indistinct light of dawn; — so-fyum 
 s. a gentle breeze, so-fyum ddl-ld di a 
 gentle breeze to come fanning; — so- 
 mat, so-mut old-L. i. q. siin-mut; — so 
 muk; so mu?i to be overclouded; — so- 
 mik the sun Tbr. ; — so-myer or so-mydr 
 s. evening, twilight, crepuscle M. 101, 
 so myer-rd myer-rd twilight; — so mlek- 
 kd mlyuk-kd deep dusk; — so-zdn cold, 
 so-zdn tu-ts'dt or so-zdn fi c. season, 
 winter, so-zdn-re z6n ny&n to feel c. litly. 
 "in the way of c", so-zdn ro vb. to be 
 chilled to the bones, to have ague, so 
 zdn ro du lot vb. to have attack of ague; 
 zo-zdn-sd da vb. to lie uncomfortably 
 cold, so-nap yo-pdn a-gun ham so zdn-sd 
 da pa in those nights without any clothing 
 one lies uncomfortably cold, so-zdn ayit 
 dydt it is beginning to get cold; — so- 
 rdm, so-ra, so-ram s. thunder, so-ram bam 
 it thunders, so-ram brun-nd brun-nd deep 
 drum-thunder, so-ram rit-td rit-td cracking 
 thunder; — so-rin s. sunshine, so-rin dak 
 vb. to have sunstroke, coup de soleil, 
 so-rin zdk vb. to suffer from the heat, as 
 person, plants or anything, so-rin fok when 
 it begins to be warm, in the morning, 
 so-rin-ka to gdn mor-re zdn yiim so-dyum- 
 ka to gdn leek expression denoting that 
 a thing is very good M.; so-rin kar-rd 
 kar-rd hru vb. to be excessively hot; 
 so-rin fyer-rd tyer-rd bam to be quite clear, 
 free of clouds; so fyer-rd tyer-rd rin a 
 cloudless, hot sky; so-rin kruk a shade 
 from the sun; — so ro to be frost-bitten 
 so rom (so zdn rom) to be very cold, to 
 feel very cold, to be frost-bitten, chilled 
 to the bones; — so-ryu fine weather or 
 it is f. w., so-ryut id. ; — so riip-pd rydp- 
 pa vague, undistinctlight of early morning; 
 
(so 3)— *so 5. 
 
 *so— sok 
 
 419 
 
 — so-lyop also mn-lydp s. sheet-lightening 
 M. 101; sd-dyan tuk-mdl so-lydp di to 
 lighten (sheet-lightening), so-lydp vydr-ra 
 mat sheet-lightening to keep flashing; — 
 so van s. roaring of storm, so van s. 
 storm, so mi van a lightening-storm; — 
 so-sa or so-sd weather to be fine, fine 
 weather, so-sd tu-tsdt the fin season; — 
 so-s6n s. day-break, dawn M. 140, so md- 
 son-nd-ba non to go before day-break, 
 so-son-ka at dawn M. 71, so gli-ld sdn the 
 slightest indication of dawn, so gli-ld md- 
 son-ne not the slightest indication of 
 dawn; so dydm-ld s6n indistinct dawn; — 
 so-ayiim s. the shade, so-dyum tHk vb. to 
 be overshadowed, so-dyum fyok vb. to 
 take shelter in shade; so-dyum-md dyom 
 s6n dusky dawn; so-dywrn-md dyom yii 
 close-drizzling rain ; — so-d hot weather 
 or the w. is very warm; so-dm tu-tsdt 
 the hot w., so dop-pd dop-pd d the w. 
 to be very warm, — met. so li li d to 
 be sulky; — so-6m s. the light, dawn 
 M. 145, so-6m fran-nd si to be trans- 
 parent; so-6m kdk vb. to screen the light, 
 so-6m md-tyon-nun do not stand in the 
 light; so-6m-l6m s. window, n.-niin so- 
 6m-l6m sd-re hu-nun kru-ka zuk-fom-bo- 
 rem 6k-lun . . . . N. opened the window 
 of the ark which he had made G. ; — 
 so-ol s. perspiration, litly. percolation 
 from the weather, so-6l pld to perspire, 
 so-ol fut-td flat li to perspire profusely 
 tun-don pld, so-ol jin-ld mat to perspire 
 gently zii zu pld, so-dl niin-ddn toiling in 
 perspiration, so-ol niin-ddn pld tet diik mat 
 to work till the perspiration pour thro' 
 sheer exertion. 
 
 (so 3.), pun-so s. relations M. 
 
 so 4. vb. to spread (as roots), nitn-sdn 
 fya so fr. so 1? 
 
 *S0 5. vb. T. gso{-ba) 1. to serve up 
 (food) 2. to convey, so-ho s. a conveyer, 
 fiin so-bo-sdn those who bear the corpse 
 (to the grave) P., so-byi vb. to bring, so 
 bit ndn vb. to convey, hum so Ion no-o 
 take him home; — so-pdn s. a head- 
 servant; — so-ldt s. a vehicle. — See 
 
 lorn and Id-vo I6m. — num-so-m^ Tbr. s. 
 a babbler, a garrulous person, (generally 
 females). 
 
 *S0 6. T. (nal) gso(-ba) vb. to rest, 
 kam so nan ka let us sit and take a 
 little rest, used in sense of "to bear 
 with, to have patience" sd-dyak kam tet 
 so-o wait, have patience for a few days. 
 
 *S0 nyet (for T. gso and nyid) s. re- 
 medy, cure, advantage, repair, so nyet 
 md-nyin-ne. 
 
 so-di see tso-di (312 B). 
 
 so mip so mip s. the draugh? M. 
 
 *so-la fr. T. srod-la (in the dusk of 
 evening) s. dusk, evening. 
 
 *sok 1. T. srog s. the vital principle; 
 life; sok cu vb. to have little vital prin- 
 ciple; not to be tenacious of life; sok ce 
 vb. to be careful of life, to fear for 1.; 
 sok cet vb. to kill; sok-nyim-bo s. one 
 that has life, an animal, sok-nyim-bo tet 
 while there is life, sok md-nyin-niim-bo 
 inanimate; sok ndn (to be) dead; sokmd- 
 td-ne vb. to fear to die; sok md-ro-ne vb. 
 not to fear death; sok da md-pan-ne not 
 to grudge even one's life; sok-ka fi vb. 
 to die Tbr.; sok kldn vb. to sacrifice; 
 sok nydm vb. to kill, kd-yu sok-rem md- 
 nydm-niin-ka ydn li-bdn he said: let us 
 not kill him G.; sok ti or ce vb. to have 
 much vital principle, to be tenacious of 
 life; sok cen agony?; sok dot vb. to save 
 the life of another; sok dydn vb. to fling 
 away one's life; sok for vb. to save life, 
 go-niin mat-ba hu sok for thro' my means 
 he escaped with his life; sok fat vb. to 
 lose one's life, td-do tyil-ld lyan-sd dyok- 
 ka sok fat for one to lose his life in the 
 service of his country; sok tsam vb. to 
 be tenacious of life; sok lut vb. to ransom 
 life; sok lydt vb. to spare life; sok dyuk 
 vb. to hazard life. 
 
 *sok 2. T. sog^-pa) vb. t. to gather to- 
 gether, to collect; vik sok vb. to muster 
 soldiers; kdm sok vb. to hoard up money. 
 
 sok 3. vb. n. to be distracted in mind, 
 sak-sok. 
 
 sok 4. s. a spindle. 
 
420 
 
 sok-po— sol 
 
 sol— s5k 
 
 sok-po i. q. k&n-hlydn sok-po or kd-hlydn- 
 (sok") bi id. 
 
 *sok-li T. sog-le s. a saw; sok-li fo s. 
 tooth of saw; sok-U-sd nak Tb. to saw 
 crossways i. q. tin; sok-U-sd zat yh. to 
 saw lengthways. 
 
 (son,) tun-son or tuk-soh adj. closely 
 railed, tun-son li a house with walls of 
 closely placed posts, tuk-pol tun-son a 
 fence made of closely placed posts, tiin- 
 son tyan vb. to fence trees. 
 
 son resounding W. 72, son-nd son-nd 
 1. a reverberating noise or echo as in 
 chapel or hollow place; son-nd son-nd su 
 a sound; 2. the returns of spirit, when 
 eructating, passing thro' the nostrils, son- 
 nd son-nd li nydn to feel ditto. 
 
 sot vb. t. to stop up as mouth of cave, 
 to close. 
 
 son vb. to lisp, as child or as person 
 with too long a tongue. 
 
 (son,) tuk-son s. a descent, decline, tHk- 
 son non vb. to descend as road, tuk-son 
 sak-bo-ld a rapid descent, tuh-son-sd run- 
 gan descent and ascent. 
 
 sop 1. vb. n. to be puffy, to have no 
 solid substance, kun sop soft and rotten 
 wood; sop-sop-bo adj.: md-ro s.-s.-bo a 
 bread-and-butter person. — a-sop s. the 
 skin of birds and snakes; the slough; 
 the skin of animals without the material 
 part, luk sop, sd-fdn sop; bu sop, fo sop; 
 the furfur on some plants; the pith of 
 wood; see tun-sop-kun. 
 
 sop 2. s. cumin. M. 
 
 som 1. sam-ma som-ma having the gripes, 
 the colic, sam-md som-md li vb. to have 
 the gripes ; met. to feel irritated or angry : 
 to feel anxious. 
 
 som 2 : sum som thick, bushy hair a-myal 
 sOm som. 
 
 *sor T. sor s. a borer, an auger, a 
 broad-awl, sor cdp vb. to bore with ditto; 
 met. sor sor ndk vb. to stare. 
 
 sol 1. vb. n. to grow outwards, to 
 project as teeth, or to be irregular, also 
 as the plaiting of baskets or work in 
 cloth, a-fo sol irregular teeth; min-sa-mo 
 
 dum hrap sol to work m.-s.-mo cloth 
 irregularly; td-lu fydr-ba sol vb. to work 
 mat irregularly. — a-sol adj. irregular, 
 not exact, not even in all the parts, 
 a-sol a-kyom nun irregular said of teeth, 
 when one grows behind the other or of 
 cloth, when all the patterns or prints on 
 it are not exact, or of irregular frame- 
 work. — pa-sol or puk-sol adj. projecting 
 s. a projection, hence the arm, pd-sol kat 
 an arm's length. 
 
 sol 2., sol-la i. q. sol-Id. 
 
 so! 3., sol-la mo-la or s6l-ld mdl-ld &ck\e, 
 changeable, as heart, also applied to a 
 person who is indifferent as to what he 
 eatswhether it be clear ordirty, hotorcold. 
 
 *sol-dep T. gsol 'debs, gsol{-ba) 'debs(-pa) 
 s. a praying, an entreat. 
 
 -sd postpos. which expresses the same 
 as -sd OT-so, giving a sort of definite 
 future e. c. go ndn-so or go ndn-sd I shall 
 go. td-se fin-niin li-ba: ci far-re so-nap- 
 pUn-sd bo-sd yam,-o Padmasambhava re- 
 plied: I shall pay the price of the marua 
 in the evening P. 
 
 s6 1. adv. 1 a short time ago, see dya, 
 ayo; s6 sd lately, so dyo before, ago, 
 lately; so dyo ren a few days ago or 
 since, a few days; so dyo tyan (om-bo 
 lately planted. — 2. yesterday, so Ion n&n- 
 ba when I went last a short time ago 
 (or yesterday). 
 
 Deriv. td-s6 adv. yesterday, td-s6 ayo 
 a few days ago, td-s6 ayo tson the other 
 day, td-so dyo ts'dn-nUn heretofore Ex.; 
 td-s6 fu-ld or td-s6 lon-niin or td-s6 doii- 
 j6-ka (or jdk-ka') a short time ago; — 
 pd-so adv. id. q. td-s6. 
 
 *s6 2. T. bzo^-ba) s. making, preparing 
 means, s6 mat vb. to prepare. 
 
 sd-ya kat T. sa-ya num. a million, s6- 
 sd-ya kat a billion M. 117. 
 
 sdk 1. vb. to abstain from, ci sok, nyen 
 sok, zo sdk; td-dyu Ion sok to abstain from 
 carnal communion. — t'am-soks. abstinence 
 from anything, f.-s. mat^h. to abstain from. 
 sdk 2. vb. to divest or cut off the outer 
 bark of bamboo; to make it thin (as 
 
sdn— *si5n 
 
 *8(5n— sdn 
 
 421 
 
 patch). — pd-sok skinned, peeled (ss 
 bark), po pd-sok a bamboo without its 
 bark. 
 
 -sdn (in Mscpts.) i. q. -sdn postp. of 
 the plural. 
 
 sdn 1. vb. t. to forsake, to leave oif, 
 Id-yo son to forsake sin, mik-krap son 
 sleep to cease. 
 
 sdii 2. (cfr. T. san-ba) vb. n. 1. to be 
 endowed with, to be perfect, a-yu gat- 
 sdn-pdn td kd-su kup-ka son-pa all that 
 you would desire, my son is endowed 
 with, son-nuh-sd endowed with; giin-nd 
 s6n-nun-sd endowed with all, perfect, 
 ydn-tdn gun-nd son-nun-sd one endowed 
 with or perfect in every science; siik- 
 dum a-re-ka gat-pdh giin-nd s6n-nun-sd 
 lyan this world contains all necessary 
 things or is perfect in all necessary 
 things; — s6n-bo adj. endowed with; — 
 son-Id adv. perfectly, completely; — siin- 
 son-ld adv. id.; — 2. to be cleared up, 
 as doubt etc. as weather, to be passed 
 away as grief, anger etc., to be purified 
 from, so'/i ton vb. to confer purity as from 
 sin by burning incense i. q. son 1 ?. — 
 3. (to be bright, beautiful, lovely). 
 
 Comp. (fr. 3) kur-son bright, lovely, 
 fine-looking, kur-son tuk-sim s. a comet. 
 pd-sdn or pd-s6n or puk-son or pur-sdn 
 adj. bright, beautiful, lovely; pd-son kd- 
 ba s. a kind of fine cloth (silk). — tm- 
 s6n see tun-tson s. v. *ts6n i. q. son. 
 
 sdn 3. T. san (to-morrow) used by the 
 Lepcha's in s. of "day" (cfr. son 2, 3) 
 nap s6n-ka Urn vb. to travel by night and 
 day; — so son s. morning-dawn, so son 
 tu-tsdt-ka in the morning -watch Ex. — 
 s6n Ml i tdl-bo s. a cock Tbr. — son fum 
 s. morning-twilight. — lum-son s. a 
 cock Tbr. 
 
 sdn 4. adj. fine, thin as thread; — a- 
 son s. a spider's web; membrane. — sdn 
 tun s. a spec, of spider. 
 
 *sdn 5. T. zans s. copper, son ayo s. 
 verdigris, a-zom son ayo zdk-non the food 
 is impregnated with copper. — sdn ku ace. 
 W. "the coppery or arrow-flight (see 
 
 tson) Aw-caller", a bird Rhopodytes tristis 
 R. 207. — son Ka-ni (Hindi Hani) s. 
 "Coppermine" n. pr. of a L. village W. 72. 
 — son hryok "the copper-coloured" n. pr. 
 of a bird, Merops viridis R. 205. — son- 
 fyu T. zans-mo s. kettle, son-fyu-ka no 
 (T. zans-su skol-ba) vb. to boil in akettleP. 
 *sdn 6. T. sran s. a balance, scales, 
 also the weights; sdn-ka cik vb. to weigh 
 in scales, son md-t'ak-ne it does not reach 
 the weight, it is deficient in weight. 
 
 sdn 7. i. q. t46n s. time, jo son a con- 
 venient time; see jo 1. 
 
 sdii 8. s. a tree, used as incense son 
 sin; pa sdn fan vb. to burn incense. 
 
 *sdn 9. T. gsaiiQ-bd) see san, son do s. 
 the privy parts Tbr. 
 
 sdn 10. son sdn blunt as knife; — son 
 mom adj. rough, coarse as work, not well 
 finished, dyok son mdm zuk vb. to have 
 work coarsely finished, sdn mdm hyul vb. 
 to swallow without properly masticating. 
 sdn-gyd i. q. san-gye T. sans-rgyas 
 ^l', sdn-gyd ayok holy works, sacred rites 
 which consist chiefly in the following: 
 the feast of u-rgyan, the f. of spyan-ras- 
 gzigs, the f. of bcu-gcig zal. 
 
 sdn num kuh s. a rose-apple tree, Euge- 
 nia operculata M , sdn niim pdt s. a rose- 
 apple. 
 
 sdt 1. T. gsod(-pa) vb. to kill, to slay, 
 a-flik-nion tsdn ban-sd sdt-so-yam-o another 
 satva's are killed with knifes and arrows 
 P. to put out as fire, to put a stop to, to 
 strike out as word from writing, to strike 
 off as name from list, to season (as wood), 
 to dry (as earth for building) e. c. kun 
 sdt to season wood ; — sot-bo s. a killer, 
 a slayer. — a-s6t s. killing, slaying, a- 
 sdt sdk vb. to abstain from killing. — 
 sdt-ldt s. killing, murder; — sdt lam mat 
 vb. to avenge death, murder. 
 
 (sdt 2)., tuk-sdt s. 1. a waterfall, a 
 cascade, un tuk-sdt. — 2. name of tree, 
 tiik-sot-kun Ficus hispida, Eicus foveolata 
 see siin-sdt. 
 
 (sdt 3.) pur-sdt adj. rough, rugged (as 
 cloth). 
 
422 
 
 sdn— sdm 
 
 *s(5m— sdr 
 
 sdn (cfr. son) vb. 1. to dry, son n6n to 
 be dry, son-la mat vb. t. to dry. — a-s6n 
 adj. dry, plain (food), dry, water-tight 
 (as a house), dry, as a climate or any 
 thing, s. dry land, ho-nun un-kyon-nun 
 un lyo-lun a-s6n-ka Idk-so thou shalt take 
 water of the river, and pour it upon the 
 dry land Ex ; a-son zuk vb. t. to dry; 
 a-s6n gyen or hlok ndn to be excessively 
 dry. — 2. to be pale, sallow from sick- 
 ness; a-mlem s6n. 
 
 s6p 1. vb. to snort, as hog. 
 
 sdp 2. a-s6p^ man sop s. the muscular 
 integument, sinew. 
 
 *s6p 3. T. bsrab(-pa) vb. t. to curb, to 
 keep under as passions, (on-)sdp T. srab 
 s. a bridle. 
 
 sdm 1. vb. n. to be boiled from damp. 
 
 sdm 2. vb. to have limb-ache or be- 
 come stiff, as from remaining long in one 
 position or from work. 
 
 sdm 3., a-sdm s. breath, spirit, a-sotn 
 a-hum id. sdm biim-ha fi-so you will die 
 Tbr. — a-sdm a-tsoii the Holy Ghost Chr. 
 J. 1. 33. etc.; — a-sdm md-so-nd-pa-ka 
 in less than a breath; som kon-ka in re- 
 spect to one's spirit; a-sdm md-nyin-num 
 bo s. an inanimate spiritless person; a- 
 sdm kam md-nyin-nd zdn nydn to feel 
 without energy; a-sdm ki da vb. to be 
 gasping for breath (as dying man); a- 
 sdm cet ndn to be shortwinded; a-sdm 
 tek ndn to die; a-sdm fyen vb. to inhale; 
 a-sdm dop vb. to be nearly smothered; 
 a-sdm dot vb. to draw the breath ; a-sdm 
 ndk da i. q. a-s. ki da q. cfr.; a-sdm pan 
 vb. to hold the breath; a-sdm pat ^\). to 
 faint, to swoon; a-sdm pld vb. to be re- 
 freshed, a-sdm pld mat kdn vb. to refresh 
 by giving refreshment; a-sdm fat vb. to 
 be broken-winded; a-sdm byi vb. to give 
 the life of animals to propitiate a demon; 
 a-sdm lyo vb. to receive the spirit of 
 animals (as the demon to whom it is 
 offered); a-sdm hd vb. to puff, to pant; 
 sdm sd-hdr sd-bdr (or sci-bvr sd-bur) mat 
 vb. to gasp for breath as when dying; 
 a-sd?n si vb. to struggle for breath as in 
 
 the last moment ; sdm pdl ndn si zdn nydn 
 to feel as if one would die M. a-sdm so 
 vb. to exhale. — the pollen or farina of 
 flowers, rip sdm. — 
 
 Oomp. a-sdm nan-lyan s. the lungs; — 
 a-sdm fik-bo an animal; a-sdm Idm s. the 
 trachea, the windpipe. 
 
 *sdm 4. T. zam(^-pd) s. a bridge, sdm 
 Sdm vb. to cross over bridge, sdm tik vb. 
 to fix or make bridge; sdm lydm tik vb. 
 to repair cane-bridge; sdm glyan the rails 
 of bridge or pd-sim; sdm td-hlam a stone- 
 bridge; sdm td-hlam gran s. the arch of 
 stone-bridge; sdm td-hlam pUn-tdp s. the 
 buttresses of stone-bridge; sdm nd s. the 
 thick cane slung across of cane-bridge, 
 pulled by pd-sdn; sdm pd-hldm s. an 
 under-bridge, a tree thrown across, sdm 
 pd-sdn s. the thin cane first slung across 
 stream wherewith to drag nd; sdm pd- 
 sdn prat-ld tyok vb. to cast pd-sdn across 
 stream; sdm pan s. the owner or founder 
 of bridge; sdm ban s. the foundation of 
 bridge; sdm brydk double bridge; sdm zun 
 the tree or posts at each side to which 
 bridge is suspended; sdm rii s. a cane- 
 bridge; sdm va s, the braces of cane- 
 bridge. 
 
 sdm-pii sdm-byen zuk vb. to marry Tbr.M. 
 
 sdr 1., a-sdr s. 1. the grain of wood, 
 a-sdr pak-ld not to saw against the grain, 
 a-s&)^ ryak-ld not to saw in line with 
 grain. — 2. the plaiting of baskets etc. 
 a-sdr fydr vb. to plait mats, baskets etc. 
 
 — 3. the junction of the warp, pressed 
 down by shuttle. — 4. species, kind, 
 variety. — 5. note in music. 
 
 sdr 2. vb. (i. q. sdr 1?) to smart from 
 being rubbed or pressed against, muk sdr 
 vb. to smart from being rubbed against 
 jungle, un-niin sdr vb. to suffer pain as 
 from wet clothes rubbing against skin. 
 
 — pd-li sdr s. the sharp edges of pd-li 
 see sur-vin. — piin-sdr s. the sharp edges 
 as of split bamboo, piin-sdr kydl smooth 
 the edges. 
 
 sdr 3. vb. n. to be very salty, to be 
 bitter with salt, to have the taste of 
 
sdr muri — *sdl 
 
 5a — San 
 
 423 
 
 ashes, alkaline taste pur-du-nvn sor. — 
 a-sdr s. an alkaline taste, kon-sdii uii a- 
 sor this water has alkaline flavour. 
 
 s6r mun: td-gro tuk-pu plydn n. pr. the 
 evil spirit of sensuality or lasciviousness. 
 
 sdl 1. vh. t. to pull down, to carry 
 away, to pull off, tun-gin s6l to skin shin- 
 hone; kum-fun sol vb. to skin; bik pdn 
 sol the cow grazes; bon-nun sdl to cast 
 from mouth; un sol a rushing torrent; 
 ayok un sol z6n-bo a person, who destroys 
 every thing, when working, (as a rushing 
 torrent destroys); kup s6l flooding after 
 childbirth; see en sdl, dyen sdl. — See 
 tuk-sol-bii. 
 
 s6l-ld: sol-la lut vb. to strip off; — mil 
 
 Jan. lol-ld hroh to shrink or tremble from 
 head to foot; — sol-Id mol-ld adv. flurried, 
 excited, dyok s.-ld m.-fd zuk vb. to work 
 in a flurried way, a-lut s.-ld m.-ld zuk 
 vb. to be flurried, excited. See also 
 sol, sol. 
 
 sdl 2. sdl-la sdl-la straight (as tree), 
 sul-ld sol-la long (as tree-shades), sul-ld 
 sol-Id I6m vb. to walk with long strides. 
 — pd-sdl or pun-sol adj. straight, long 
 pd-sol dyon long, slender and straight as 
 any tree; large and shorthaired as dog 
 kd-ju piin-sdl. 
 
 *sdl 3. sel(-ba) vb. to cleanse, to make 
 clear, nyot sol-lim bdk vb. to weed field 
 a second time, to weed it clearly. 
 
 V 
 
 s 
 
 §a the twenty-seventh letter of the L.- 
 alphabet, T. >/^, English sh ("s aspirated" 
 M.). In words of Tibetan origin also for 
 R (z) and c6 (c) and for combinations, 
 which are spoken like chh e. c. *sdk T. 
 
 *En, T. 
 
 zm. 
 
 'si T. cas, T. bzi, T. 
 
 -S' i. q. -so q. v. e. c. go no/i-s' i. q. 
 go ndn-so I'll go. M. Gr. 128. 
 
 Sa vb. n. to be deficient, to be deficient 
 in weight son sd; to be emaciated md-zu 
 M-non; — to rave, to be delirious, to be 
 scattered in mind, a-bon sd vb. to be 
 delirious, a-bon sd-nun-ni/n-sdmak-so when 
 a man becomes delirious, he dies. 
 
 Si see sdn: sd-sd tiin-dan (tun-ddn) 
 i. q. sUn-sdn tun-ddn quickly, hastily; in 
 crowds — pur-sd id. 
 
 ia-ma i. q. si-mdr q. v. 
 
 Scik vb. t. to patch up, as cloth dUm sdk. 
 
 *Sak (T. sog come) vb. t. to exhort, 
 to counsel, to instract, to admonish. — 
 sdk dydk id. — a-sdk s. exhortation, ad- 
 vise, counsel, a-sdk a-ryum good advise; 
 a-sdk li bam vb. to exhort, to counsel. 
 
 *S4k T. sig s. a louse, sdk ti s. a nit; 
 sdk ti rik s. a species of creeper; sdk ti 
 kydt vb. to draw nits off hair; Mk myen 
 a young louse; sdk rum-ma rum-md alive 
 with lice; sdk sdl-ld sdl-ld covered with 
 lice; sdk tsdt vb. to get infected with 
 lice; sdk dyek dot vb. to pick lice out 
 of head; sdk dyep vb. to crack 1.; sdk 
 niim-sim-nyo sd f am- can md-zU-ka nyi it 
 became lice in man and in beast Ex. — 
 pd-sdk i. q. pd-suk (a spec, of wood-louse) 
 q. cfr. 
 
 (Sdn): tun-Sdn s. a contrivance for catch- 
 ing birds by spring -noose; t.-s. sdl vb. 
 to set ditto. 
 
 -San postp. of the vb. a gerundial 
 particle in sense of a fut. participle, 
 possessive participle; it is sometimes also 
 used as the simple fut., hd sd-bi ndn-sdn 
 go where are or may you be going; hd 
 su bii-sdn gd what will you carry; go zo 
 par-sdn lat I am come to buy or that I 
 may buy rice; ffi-sare about calling, calling. 
 — combined with the particle of con- 
 tingency lik-sdn pu shall perhaps call. — 
 
424 
 
 Sari 
 
 "San-je- §4m 
 
 Mn with bam expresses "about to be" 
 or "at the point of" as non-sdn bam about 
 to go, at the p. of going; mak-sdn bam 
 at the p. of dying; ho su li-sdn bam go 
 yd I know what you were about to say. 
 — in sense of the fut. passive part, 
 "proper to be made or done" mat-sdn-re s. 
 work to be done ^T'S; pi. mat-fdn sdn- 
 paw;20-sa?i eatable, food; faw-law drinkable, 
 water, zo fdn sdii si yan-ld td-bdk-ka fi- 
 lun kot-sd md-nyin-ne-yam-o they beheld 
 rice and water and take food, but they 
 are not satisfied P.; mat-Mn-re co gum 
 religion is the necessary thing or the 
 doing of r. is the necessary thing; hu 
 rin li-Mn-re yd-lun knowing what he was 
 about to say; gat-sdn-pdn td kd-sii, a-kup- 
 ka s6n-pa all that is necessary (all the 
 necessary things) is contained in my son 
 P. ; rum fat-sdn-sd co the book of religious 
 offerings. — 
 
 -sdn-ha infinitive fut. "in order that (I) 
 may", un fdn-sdn-ha bu-di-o bring me 
 water to drink. 
 
 -Mn-sd condicional. "when (it) shall or 
 may", mok-sdii-sd when it shall or may 
 be expended. — 
 
 -sdn-mat in order, also intention, also 
 desires, go dan-ka non-sdn mat I wish to 
 go down to the lowlands or intend to 
 do so. 
 
 San, Sdn vb. t. to scatter, to disperse, 
 sun-mut-nun Mn-non to be scattered by 
 the wind, as articles, dust etc.; k6m sdn 
 to scatter away money, to waste it; mik- 
 krap sdn to have sleep disturbed; o-re- 
 nun lok-re m. lyan om-ka sdn-non so the 
 people were scattered abroad throughout 
 allthelandof E.Ex. — sak-Mn s. a sigh ; — 
 vb. n. to be evaporated as flavour ci sdn, 
 to disappear; — sdn-nd sdn adv. quickly, 
 quick in succession, sdn-nd sdn mat vb. 
 to do quickly, sdn-nd sdn lat vb. to come 
 in quick succession; — s6n-nd s6n-nd adv. 
 shaking as mane of horse or hair of man 
 when running; — with reduplic. sun-Mn 
 adv. quickly M. 137, sun-sdn-nd ndn vb. 
 to go very quickly; sun-sdn zuk vb. to 
 
 make haste; — sun-sdn tun-don adv. 
 quick, hastily in crowds, sun-sdn tun-d6n- 
 nd fi vb. to arrive quickly in crowds; 
 — sun-son-ld shaggy as hair, bushy as 
 bushwoood. See som: sikn-som-ld. 
 
 *§an-je T. p'yag-rdsas s. hon. an offering 
 to king or great man, *8dn-je fu T. p.- 
 rdsas 'pul vb. to present ditto. 
 
 Sah-nyak (for sun-nydk? see 7iydk') s. 
 shaking. M. 
 
 *San-zun T. sa-dsin s. a flesh-hook, a 
 fork turned at end to take up flesh with. 
 See san-zun etc. 
 
 San-hi i. q. sim-hi (hi) see under ham 1. 
 (line). 
 
 Sat 1. i. q. sot q. cfr. (to be full). 
 
 %k\ 2., Sat, Sut: Mt-td sdt-fd or sdt-td 
 sdt-td or sut-td sut-td singly, one by one, 
 sdt-td sdt-td non to go out one by one: 
 sdt-td, sdt-td so-van dek z6n one by one 
 like the last of a thundershower; sdt-td 
 sdt-td lat vb. to come out half into ear 
 (rice etc.). 
 
 •San i. q. -sen J. Gr. Ex. e. c. a-lak 
 fo-rem lyot-sdn un-pdn suk-ditm lyan-nun 
 ind-saf-nd tet pld lot-Id bam, (he) sent 
 forth a raven, which went forth to and 
 fro, until the waters were dried up from 
 off the earth G. 8. 7. 
 
 San vb. t. to thin out, as cornfield 
 etc., when plantation too close; sdn-lun 
 ak vb. to thin out; a-tsdm, sdn-liin ok 
 to thin hair. 
 
 *Sap I. T. sib{-pa) vb. to whisper, rin 
 sdp to murmur, mi-mon-re hit md-zH-ka 
 o-lom rin sap li bam, the people mur- 
 mured such things concerning him J. 
 See mp 3. 
 
 Sap 2., a-Sap s. an empty ear, kd-cer 
 a-sdp; — sdp-pd sdp-pd adjly. light (not 
 heavy). 
 
 S4m 1. vb. n. to be filthy, to be dis- 
 gusting, to be abominable, to be loath- 
 some, impure, sdm-miin s. pollution, filth; 
 sdm-miin-sd md-ro an unclean person, 
 polluted; Mm non vb. to be filthy, to be 
 polluted; sdm-mii adj. polluted, a-wyi-ww 
 kd-yum fdr-o dvn-ka sdm-mii-ld nun kdn 
 
Sdm — §a 
 
 Sa— *Sak-du 
 
 425 
 
 ye have made our savour to be abhorred 
 in the eyes of Pharao Ex. — a-sdm adj. 
 abominable, filthy, s. pollution lom-sdm. 
 
 — tuk-sdm s. vsritchcraft, sorcery, tuk-Mm 
 mat or klon vb. to bewitch, to enchant, 
 to cause to be possessed by evil spirits; 
 tuk-sdm kl6n-bo s. a witch, a person who 
 causes others to be possessed, a magician; 
 tuk-sdm lydt vb. to exorcise, tuk-sdm lydt- 
 bo s. an exerciser; tiik-sdm ydm-bo s. one 
 skilled in witchcraft or demonology, a 
 sorcerer. 
 
 Sim 2. vb. n. to be narrow, Mm Mm 
 adjly. narrow, slender. 
 
 Sdr 1. or §ar 1. vb. to hem, to clear 
 the throat, a-nyum Mr vb. to clear voice; 
 2. to sneeze tuk-nom-nun Mr. 
 
 *Sar 2. T. gMr s. measure mdn Mr. — 
 See under lyan and man Mr-rd. 
 
 Sar 3. (i. q. Mr 1?) vb. to be dazzled M. 
 
 Sar 4., Mr-rd Mr-rd simmering, Mr-rd 
 Mr-rd tsu vb. to simmer. 
 
 Sal, Sel T. gser (wet, moisture) vb. to 
 be wet W. 64. — a-Ml adj. wet, dum a- 
 sdl wet cloth; a-ml-ka dyok mat vb. to 
 work in w. ground. See muk. 
 
 ik\ or Sal vb. 1. to slide along, to glide; 
 2. to slip off, to slip down (as thing). 
 Ml muk-non vb. to slip, to creep away 
 (as animal) ; ban a-hyam-nun Ml-n&n the 
 ban has slipped from its sheath; tu-tsdt 
 Ml time to pass away; td-lu Ml a long 
 mat; — Ml-bo s. a train, series, conca- 
 tenation. — num-Ml-mo (i. q. pun-Ml-7no) 
 s. stolen goods Tbr. ; piin-Ml or pun-sdl- 
 mo "slipped away" hidden or stolen 
 goods; fish Tbr. 
 
 Sa 1. vb. t. and n. to disunite, to 
 scatter, Idn M-non rock to be shivered; 
 to disperse; to fiee or cause to flee; to 
 wander, fydn M vb. t. to put to flight 
 the enemy; td-bdk M vb. n. bowls to be 
 loose; a-ci md-M-nun shed no blood G. ; 
 sak-cin M-non-bam his mind is wandering; 
 
 — M-dydn vb. t. to scatter, to shed as 
 blood; hd-yum td-lyd-dd iuk-ka M dydn 
 he overthrew them in the midst of the 
 sea Ex.; M Urn vb. n. to wander about; 
 
 M ndk vb. to take a cursory view. — 
 sd-M-ld adv. by degrees, gradually, sd- 
 m sd-M id. See sa-sa. 
 
 Sa 2. (i. q. 1?) pur-M-ld in s. of the 
 feeling of relief as of any troublesome 
 duty, calmness; pur-M-ld li vb. to feel 
 relieved, refreshed. 
 
 *§a 3. T. sa s. 1. flesh, 2. game, M- 
 no a leg of meat; M yup dried flesh 
 (eaten raw); sa ra-ho 1. s. a hunts-man, 
 2. (tuk-fl) a spec, of small ant. Ad 1 
 see mn-ziin. 
 
 *Sa 4. T. za s. a cap, *M-mo s. a 
 large cap, *M-bo or Mm-bo s. a cap. 
 
 *§a-ka for M-kar T. gM-dkar s. white 
 metal, tin. 
 
 Sa-kaps.amantleM.(fr.T.ga-^e6s?acap). 
 
 *Sa-kdh (fr. T. tM txa; tsa-Kan place 
 for keeping them) s. figures made from 
 rice, prepared for the rum fat. 
 
 *§a-kya de-wd T. M-kya de-ba name of 
 one of Ta-se's (Padmasambhava's) wives, 
 daughter of the king of Nepal P. 
 
 ia-Kyu i. q. kd-sum kun M-Ryu (a spec. 
 Eubus). 
 
 *Sa-gd T. bzad-gad s. joke, jest, M-g6 
 li vb. to joke. 
 
 *Sa-na s. (fr. T. zabsf) courtiers, the 
 vassals at court of king M. 
 
 *Sa-nye T. za-nye., za-ne, ra-nye s. lead, 
 sa-nye-sd leaden M. 121. 
 
 *Sa-ta-mo see under se 2. 
 
 Sa-ma-i s. a love- token given at se- 
 paration, M-ma-i byi vb. to give a love- 
 token. 
 
 §a-tso vb. to be anxious. M. 
 
 Sa-Sa T. ca s. a portion, a part, por- 
 tions, M M byi to give in portions; — 
 series, succession, M M lat vb. to come 
 in s. See M 1. 
 
 Sak 1. vb. t. to shake (wings or head), 
 to flutter (wings). 
 
 *Sak 2. see cak T. 'cag (-pay, mk-kd 
 i. q. cak-kd, Mk-kd dek vb. to break in 
 two; suk-Mk-kd, id. 
 
 *§ak-du fr. T. zag and dtis s. a certain 
 day or time, Mk-du kyop vb. to appoint 
 a certain day or time. 
 
 27* 
 
426 
 
 Safl— Sap 
 
 Sap — Sam-Si 
 
 San 1. s. dry wood as for fire-wood 
 mi san nan burnt wood M.; adjly. of 
 wood; belonging to wood, san fah vb. to 
 dry wood before fire; san vom and san 
 sun damp wood; san son vb. to dry wood; 
 vb. to gather wood, san hrup- 
 
 san 
 
 bo a. a wood-gatherer; san torn lyan a 
 place for putting wood; — a shoot of 
 bamboo, pa-am san sweetshootof bamboo; 
 
 — Comp. san gri s. a dry twig; san nyom 
 s. a leaf; san tan s. a block for cutting 
 meat on; san tin s. a twig, a stick, san 
 tdl s. a log of wood; san pak s. a cudgel; 
 san bak a. a log of wood; san bdn go lep 
 spec, of fish (large head, red), san bdn 
 tHk-klo s. id. (black); san bdn tap fo s. 
 the yellow -breasted fan-tail. — incorr. 
 for siin- q. v. san-rik (for su/i-rik') s. a 
 creeper, Tbr. a snake, see vyot; a spec, 
 of num-dak q. t. san-rik turn the creeper 
 clings to tree; san-rikzo-ld nan the creeper 
 hangs down; san-rik kun-rik cxe^^Qva. — 
 san-hi i. q. svn-hi a. a snare. 
 
 San 2. Yb. n. to be sterile (as earth), 
 barren (as woman) td-ayu san; bik san 
 a barren cow; san-non to become barren; 
 
 — adjly. plain, unornamented, unadorned, 
 dum san plain, uncoloured cloth. — a- 
 san adj. barren (as female), plain (as 
 cloth). — 7mm-san mun name of evil 
 spirit, the evil spirit of barrenness, nvm- 
 san niim-pan mun id. 
 
 *San 3. T. sans hon. s. nose, L. tiik- 
 nom M. 134. 
 
 *San-ZPn i. q. co-zun q. v. fr. T. sa'dsin 
 see sa. 
 
 Sap 1. s. a date-tree, spec. Phoenix, 
 Hooker 1, 143 note. Phoenix rupicola; 
 sap kHp Phoenix acaulis; sap don-mo 
 Phoenix rupicola Wtt. P. 551, 586. 
 
 Sap 2. vb. to make nest, as bird, pig, 
 rat etc., fo Sap a. a bird's nest; mdn sap 
 s. a pig's bed. - a-sap a. the nest of 
 bird, the bed of small animals (as rats, 
 doga), fosapyusap solYh. totakebird's nest. 
 
 Sap 3. vb. n. to be dried up (as water), 
 un da Sap-ndn the pond is dried up. See 
 sop; sap. 
 
 Sap 4. vb. to flash as lightning sd-lyop 
 sap; to whirl. 
 
 *Sap s. and Sdp T. zabs s. the basis, 
 the foundation, hon. the foot of great 
 man; pa-no *sap-E attending on king, 
 retinue T. zabs-pyi; pa-no sap-ci ndn vb. 
 to go along with king. — pd-no* sap-tin 
 T. zabs-rtin a. the heel of great man, 
 pd-no sap-tin ndn vb. to follow after k., 
 pd-no s.-t. ndn-bo a. a follower, a servant 
 of k.; — *sap-te T. zabs-stegs a footstool; 
 — * sap-ten T. sabs-r'ten id.; pd-no s.-ten 
 k.'s footstool; — *sap-tok T. zabs-iog (s. 
 service) used by L.'s in sense of offering, 
 present, sap-tok pu vb. to give present to 
 great man; — pd-no *sap-fiT. zabs-mfil 
 the sole of k.'s foot; — *sap-roT. sabs-bora. 
 a dancing- festivity, a ball; — pd-no *sap- 
 senT. zabs-sen s. the toe-nails of king; — pd- 
 no *sap-sor T. zabs-sor s. the toes of king. 
 
 Sap-Kyu kun s. a tree, Elaeocarpus 
 lanceafolius Wtt. E. 59. 
 
 *Sap-tsa T. zig gso(-bo) a. repairing, 
 sap-tdd kydp vb. to repair. 
 
 *Sani 1. T. sam (the lower part of 
 anything) s. the private parts of men or 
 women, the stumps of anything as of 
 hair; — sam-miin(-sd^ ^•djly. obscene, 
 sam-mun-sd bon md-li-niin do not speak 
 obscenely; sam-brydn a. a disgraceful or 
 obscene action, also sam-bren, s.-b. mat 
 vb. to act obscenely; reproach, rum-niin 
 kd-su sam-bren dydn God has taken 
 away my reproach G. — ace. M. also in 
 s. of time: early. 
 
 Sam 2. s. a species of hornet M. 
 
 Sam-pi s. a housewife for keeping 
 needles and thread etc., lady's work-box. 
 
 *Sam-bu or sam-bo see sa 4. 
 
 Sam-bu! hdn s. the large red raspberry 
 i. q. kd-Sum hon. 
 
 Sam-b6 : sd~nun sam-bo the bristly crest 
 of lizard. 
 
 Sam-byan s. name of a plant. 
 
 Sam-bryan see under sam 1. 
 
 Sam-bryan l(un s. a tree Heracleum 
 nepalense. 
 
 Sam-Si s. a species of Cicada; ^am-h 
 
Sam-i— Sf 
 
 Sf— Sf 
 
 427 
 
 pum-bo a spec, of butterfly (dark-edged 
 with light-yellow) M. 
 
 Sam-i i. q. sa-ma-i see mlem dan. 
 
 *Sar 1. T. sar s. the east. 
 
 Sar 2. sd-sar: sak sd-sar s. sorrow. 
 
 Sal-la Sol-la i. q. cal-ld col-ld and sol. 
 
 Sf 1., sf-m T. ses vb. t. partic. si-umn 
 caus. sim-kon 1. to look, to see; to re- 
 gard, go si-pd-7'6 I may possibly see him; 
 go-nun a-dom ciyen zon tet-ka U I regard 
 you as a friend; sim-bo s. a spectator, a 
 witness; Mm lyan "the place of seeing", 
 landscape, Um lyan md-nyin-ne to have 
 no place or no one to look for support 
 to, to have no means of seeing; to see 
 in sense of "to get" ka sd-lo mat-gan 
 pd-no a-kup-ka U-te what can we do, 
 that the king may obtain a prince P. ; — 
 2. vb. n. to appear, to be visible, U sd- 
 dok-ld U it appeared to be about the size 
 of a house ; si tet within sight, used also 
 in sense of "for" or "in order" as un 
 mu tu si tet bti, di bring water for washing 
 (ace. M. probl. a corruption of T. ci ced 
 to what end or purpose?). — sim, t'ak 
 within sight, visible, sim md-fak-ne not 
 to see, invisible; — si-Id seeing, sight, 
 sm-ely Ex. 3, 7. si-Id mat vb. to give s., 
 si-Id ti vb. to appear, kd-sii mik si-Id t'i 
 (he) appeared to me Ex. ho a-do niim 
 e.-sd dUn-nun tyet-ba a-do mik si-Id fit-bo 
 mm kor-ka 2b c6m o-ba zuk-kd make there 
 an altar unto God that appeared unto 
 thee, when thou fleddest from the face 
 of E. thy brother Gr. si-ce-nd certainly, 
 lot lat si-ce-nd he will certainly return; 
 vb. n. to be awake, to awaken (applied 
 to body or mind) mik-krap-nAn si to 
 awake from sleep, sak-cin si vb. to arouse 
 one's self; si, si-Id mat, si nyon vb. t. to 
 awaken, kd-sum si or si nyon awaken me. 
 a-sim awake (of one's self) in opp. to a- 
 U awakened. — See du-si, sak-si, fca- 
 nydt si. 
 
 Sf 2. kiim-si, see kiim-yd (sub 3/a); 
 garrulity, kiim-si-ydm-bo s. a great talker; 
 him-si bon-fo s. the babbling bird; black 
 magpie Dendrocitta frontalis. 
 
 Sf 3. 1. vb. to be M. 21. see bam; 
 — mak si-ba when he was about to die 
 M. ; — sim a being, — sim-bo postp. see 
 Mm-bo; neg. md-si-niim-bo e. c. niim-hlot 
 md-si-niim-bo a chaste person. — sim,- 
 nyo abbr. of num-sim-nyo. — 
 
 niim-sim-nyo and nij.m-sim num-bam- 
 nyo s. a human being, mankind, niim- 
 sim-nyo lyan this world, ni/.m-sim-nyo kvp 
 s. a mortal, child of Adam, niim-sim-nyo 
 zoh fellow-man. — 
 
 2. s. family, progeny; si sam fd-li nyi 
 vb. to have two or three children; si fak 
 det vb. to to have family growing up; si 
 fak-bo a family-man, a father of numerous 
 children. — 3. abundant si si, sd-si, sd-si- 
 Id abundantly, see under bd and won si. 
 
 Sf 4. vb. to be scurfy, to be scaled; — 
 a-si s. the scales of fish; the part of 
 yams and potatoes which are used for 
 seed; the shell of tortoise and Manis sd- 
 pd a-si or sd-pd si; the scurf of body; 
 the outer part of things. 
 
 Deriv. td-si s. a rough inner coat of 
 large stomach of ruminating animals. 
 
 Sf 5. sftti s. tail, si -pydr s. a fish-tail, 
 si mar (or mdr) s. a twisted tail; a butter- 
 fly. — sim, a-sim s. tail, tyan-mo re a-sim 
 bydl-ld (or byel-la) the elephant shaking its 
 tail P. ; sim piim s. the stump from which 
 sprout the feathers of tail; sim pyit s. the 
 two long feathers in tail of pheasant and 
 some other birds lit. "a pincer-like tail"; 
 sim hul-bo s. a dog Tbr., sim hul mun an 
 evil spirit (caries of bones) sim, hul zdk 
 vb. to suffer under caries. — 
 
 Deriv. fvk-him s. a tail; tuk-sim kd-kar- 
 Id a curled tail; tHk-sim kd-klol-ld dan 
 vb. to run with tail straight out as cow 
 when frightened ; tiik-sim kd-klyal-ld a long 
 thin tail; tuk-sim kyap-ld mat vb. to slink 
 tail between legs; ttik-sim nyak-kd nyak- 
 kd mat vb. to wag tail; tiik-sim don-don 
 a bushy tail; tiik-sim bydl (or byel) i. q. 
 tuk-sim nyak-kd nyak-kd mat. 
 
 tiik-sim pdk s. stump of tail, adj. 
 docktailed, tiik-sim mar a. a species of 
 butterfly. 
 
428 
 
 "■Si— *Si 
 
 *Si — *Sin 
 
 *5i 6. probl. T. cas see ca III, ce s. 
 household, property, si-nyer-bo see nyer; 
 ay.-nun hic-do si sd hu-do dyep-ka bam- 
 bo ffun-nd-ko li J. said unto his house- 
 hold and to all that were with him G; 
 furniture, *si ton heirless property; si-sa 
 su-sd non to travel away with every thing; 
 si lat vh. to arrive at a place with one's 
 property; si din non or U ndn vb. to 
 remove one's property, to flit, si tsdk vb. 
 to set up housekeeping. See also si 3. 
 
 si in comp. hydn-si s. a hook to hang 
 
 things on. 
 
 *Si 7. i. q. ci, ti T. ce to be great; 
 see bdk-si; — si-krok vb. to be severe, 
 hrim si-krdk vb. to inflict severe punish- 
 ment, si mat with great pains, see under 
 mak. 
 
 *Si, Sim 8. T. gci^-ba), giid, gcin{-'pa\ 
 si mat vb. to make water. — sim-pum or 
 jit sim-pUm s. the urinary bladder. 
 
 *Sf 9. T. pyi (behind, afterwards) si 
 tdn-bo a new comer. 
 
 *Si 10. T. bzi L. fd-li; *si-!cak T. bzi- 
 Kag s. a 4 anna-piece. 
 
 *Si 11. T. gsegs(-pa) (to go, to come, 
 to walk) to be, to become, to rise, si- 
 t'in-bo who comes from a short distance, 
 see se. M. 
 
 *5f 12. T. 'a(-&a) to die L. mak, si 
 zum md-go-ne nan zutti fok-ka li fo a 
 proverb signifying that is was not done 
 after the death ot parties, but during 
 their lifetime; rum-sdn-re md-zH-sd md- 
 sin-nd lam non-yam-o the gods (vidya- 
 dhari's) flew (to heaven) with immortal 
 body P. — si lok s. resurrection. 
 
 *Si 13. T. mcH^-ba) vb. to flit; si-bo or 
 si-non-bo s. a wanderer M. 
 
 *^\ 14. T. gsol s. a plough, *si mo T. 
 gsol rmod(-pa) vb. to plough; see *mo. 
 
 *Si 15. T. cags 1. to be begotten, to 
 become; mii si to get a child; — 2. (to 
 love; love, passion). * si-pa T. ^ags-pa s. 
 regret as for the loss of any one or 
 valued thing e. c. md-si md-pa-nUn do 
 not indulge in fond regret len cd md- 
 mat-fUn. — *si sot T. cags cod(-pa) "to 
 
 have affection torn asunder" to grow 
 weary of, to tire of, also in tr. s. to 
 make bitter e. c. ha-yu tsu-ka si sot they 
 made their lives bitter Ex. 
 
 *Si 16. T. mts'an: yiit-si T. ya-mtsan 
 (324 B.) 
 
 Si 17., si si, kd si si adv. a little; tsd 
 si si more. 
 
 Si-mar n. of a butterfly M. See si 5. 
 
 Si-ma tun-gon(?) ace. W. shima-tang- 
 gong n. of a bird, Niltava sundara, shima 
 ihan-gong Hemixos flavala. 
 
 Si myaii s. a cat Tbr, si myan kiip s. 
 a kitten. See myan. 
 
 Si-rdI see so-r6l kun. 
 
 Si Ian l<un s. a spec, of oak. 
 
 Si-iuk T. zu-lugs s. a complaint, sir-luk 
 kydp vb. to lodge a complaint. 
 
 Si-Sa see se-sd. 
 
 Si-Sot see sot and si 15. 
 
 *Sil< 1. T. gzig vb. to try, to prove, 
 to examine, to judge, sik-n6n p. p. tried, 
 proved. 
 
 *Sii( 2. T. sig i. q. sdk q. v., Uk ti rik 
 s. a species of creeper. 
 
 Sil(, 3. Sil< Sil< onom. hissing noise, sik 
 sik mat vb. to hiss, sak-lyak sik sik mat 
 to hiss with rage. 
 
 Sn( 4. vb. n. to be tightly tied, sik-ld 
 dam vb. to tie tightly; — tHk-tok sik to 
 be strangled i. q. sd-grek sik. — sik-ld adv. 
 in s. of "thoroughly," sik-ld sap-non to 
 become dried up (as pond etc.); zo no- 
 lel-liin-sd un sik-ld ts6k-kd when the rice 
 is boiled, strain of the water well; so 
 sik-ld ryu non the rain has dried up, the 
 weather is fair. 
 
 *Sfk 5., a-Sfi( affixed signifies "genuine" 
 ron sik a genuine, a true Lepcha; probly. 
 from the Tibet, indef. article sig a, an M. 
 
 * Sn<-dd T. Icags-bdar s. a file, rin li-ba 
 sik-do-sd nok-re z6n when speaking, do so 
 like the acting of a file, speak to the 
 purpose, speak impressively. 
 
 *Sin 1. T. zin L. nyot s. a field, a 
 cultivation, a garden J., rip-sin s. a flower- 
 garden; bi-sin s. a vegetable-garden; zo- 
 sin s. a corn-field; — sin-ka non or sin- 
 
sin— *Sin 
 
 sfii — sit-tsdm 
 
 429 
 
 ka 80 for T. sin{-la) gzegs{-pa) vb. to be 
 in the ground, hence to be dead. — Un- 
 tem "garden" "level spot" n. pr. of a L. 
 village. W. 72; sin-ran-bo s. a gardener J. 
 
 Sin 2. vb. n. to be splintered (as wood), 
 in pieces, kun sin a splinter. — a-sin s. 
 a splinter (of wood). 
 
 Sin 3. vb. to whine, kd-ju Un-bam. 
 
 Sin 4. in sense of exhalation, see mun- 
 sin (fr. mun sin.') 
 
 Sfn 5. vb. to be drunk, to be intoxi- 
 cated from spirits, tobacco etc. i. q. bup; 
 un hd-yu sin-so-ba and when men have 
 well drunk J. 
 
 *Sin 6. T. sin s. wood, a tree, see san, 
 kun; a wooden instrument e. c. far-sin 
 8. a harrow; — *sin-Ki T. sin-Kri s. a 
 funeral pile, sin-Mi tsdk vb. to set up a 
 f pile; — *Un-ta T. sin-rta see kun-on; — 
 *sin-te T. sin-stegs s. a table or block of 
 wood, used as ditto, a wooden support. — 
 
 kiir-sin s. a notched stick, for re- 
 membering date or regulating time of 
 agreement, kiir-sin nak vb. to notch, kiir- 
 sin nak-fdm-bo lot md-cik-nd if you do 
 not return the money according to agree- 
 ment; kiir-sin nak-tom-bo lot md-di-nd gdn 
 v6n md-tHp-nd-so if you do not return 
 according to the notched stick, you will 
 not be permitted to enter. — 
 
 Comp. sin- pref. forms nomina propria 
 of trees etc., e. c. sin gan s. a species 
 of lilac of which there are five kinds 
 from which string is made; hlo-sd and 
 dan-sd trees used for dying; — ain-gyen, 
 sin-gen s. a tree M. ace. Wtt. S. 2865, 
 2876 Stereospermum chelonoides, Big- 
 nonia ch., Heterophragma ch. ; — sin nok 
 kun s. a tree M. i. q. mar-guk; ace. Wtt. 
 W. 38. Wendlandia tinctoria (Kodeletia); 
 sin ndk sin gan see sin gan; — sin-na 
 s. a tree, ace. Wtt. A. 1620 Aucuba 
 himalaica; sin-na muk '^singna mtik" 
 Dichroa febrifuga; — sin mdn-ra T. si/i 
 mnar s. licorice. — sin-sd s. a holly, 
 sin-sd kun Ilex insignis; — sin, siir s. a 
 tree, Berberis concinna M., siii sitr p6t 
 s. the fruit of Berberis concinna. 
 
 Sfn l<uh s. a tree, a spec, of Macaranga 
 the bark is bruised and used for poisoning 
 fish. M. 
 
 sin Run s. Asa foetida. M. 
 
 Sin-pat see Mm-pat. 
 
 Sit 1. vb. t. "to apply to"; 1. to smear, 
 to anoint, to rub over, kd-sH mik-ka sit- 
 Mn (he) anointed my eyes J.; a-tin-ka 
 fam-sit sit-lUn Am fori hH-do tsom-nuti sat- 
 bo-re giim (M.) anointed the Lord with 
 ointment and wiped his feet with her 
 hair J.; — fam-sit s. ointment; — 
 
 2. to shove, to slide along, sit tsdm vb. 
 t. to sew; — 
 
 piir-sit s. a sponge, hd-yu-niin pur-sit 
 fam-cdr blydn-hm they filled a sponge 
 with vinegar J., a broom, a brush made 
 from splitting a piece of wood very 
 thinly, pHr-sit-niin pyok vb. to brush 
 with p.-s. — 
 
 tiin-sit or nUn-iit s. a sieve, tUn-sit 
 hrdk vb. to sift (as corn), to sieve; — 
 
 tak-sit s. a swing, tick-sit va vb. to 
 swing, tvk-sit gydn nan vb. to sit grasping 
 a swing; — tUn-sit rik, tiin-sit muk, tUn- 
 sit-bi a species of Valeriana? M. — 
 
 3. vb. t. to stick in, so as not easily 
 to be got out, man fa-ba a-fo byer-ka sit 
 when eating meat to have a piece stick 
 in between teeth; — 
 
 4. vb. t. to apply arrow to string or 
 to catch anything as between fingers etc.; 
 see a-kd sit hron s. v. ka. (2 B) — 
 
 5. vb. n. to be close, sit-td non vb. to 
 go closely. 
 
 Sft 2. vb. to be restless, applied to 
 eyes, mik sit to be unable to obtain 
 sleep M. 
 
 Sft 3. vb. n. to be still, quiet, sit-td 
 sit non to go along quietly, sit sak-ka ma 
 be quiet, hold your tongue. 
 
 Sft l<lin s. a spec, of Picus, sit nyok 
 Ficus retusa Wtt. F. 253, S. 1939. 
 
 sit-ta l<lyam s. a bird M., ace. Je. 455: 
 Chelidorhynx hypoxantha. 
 
 Sit-ta Sdl-I(un s. a tree M. 
 
 Sit-tscim l(uh s. name of tree, Murraya 
 exotica, M. Wtt. M. 797; sit-tsdm rip s. 
 
430 
 
 sin — sir 
 
 sfr — iu 
 
 the flowers (sweet-scented), sit -tsdm dan- 
 sd M. Konigii M. 
 
 sin 1. a-nyor-ka sin see sen 2. 
 
 Sin 2. vb. to dry up (as tree, also as 
 face; — a-sin adj. dry (as wood). 
 
 Sin 3. vb. n. to become soft under heat 
 (iron), fUn-jen sin tsu; - sin-t&h s. iron 
 joined together, vb. to join ditto. 
 
 Sin 4. cloud- and mist-envelopped; 
 — sin-sel hlo "the damp misty hill" 
 n. pr. of a mountain in Sikhim W. 64. 
 ^'Senchul." 
 
 sin-je mul( bi (fr. T gsin-rje '!l»??)s.n. 
 of plant. 
 
 sip 1. s. a spec, of fern, tuk-sip id. 
 
 *sip 2. T. zib(-pa accurate, precisely) 
 vb. to examine, to try, to prove, to judge, 
 *sip sip s. investigation, strict inquiry; 
 *sip cet vb. to investigate minutely. 
 
 sfp 3. sup-sip, sUp-sip-ld i. q. dup q. v. 
 
 sip-tal( (?) ace. W. "shibtak" Ruticilla 
 Hodgsoni, R. 217; "-sib-traktrak" Tarsiger 
 chryseus ibd. 
 
 *sip sa i. q. sap ts'd T. zig gso(;-ba); 
 sip-sd kyop vb. to repair. 
 
 Si'm from si 1. e. c. *ydm-sim T. 
 ye-ses s. knowledge, wisdom; — from si 
 3, 5, 8. 
 
 (sfm) pa-sfm anything to hang on or 
 hold on, as railing of bridge etc., of 
 stairs etc., a hand-rail. 
 
 sfm Vsi-\6V. s. a water-rat. M. 
 
 sim-ddn fam-blydk s. a butterfly M. 
 
 sim-pat i. q. sin-pat, sum-pat q. v. 
 
 sim-pi: mn-pi tvk-byit s. french beans M. 
 
 sim-pyit 1. s. an earwig, 2. see tuk-byit. 
 
 -sim-bo and -sum-bo postp. see si 3. and 
 siim-bo. 
 
 sim-byat for smn-bydt q v. 
 
 sim-byan s. a bush bearing large flowers 
 and aromatic seeds (edible as spices) M. 
 
 sir 1.; a-sip s. 1. the water that oozes 
 out of damp wood wiiile burning a-sir 
 tsu oozing of water from burning wood ; 
 see sil 4. — 2. very small splinters of 
 wood, smaller than a-sin; kun-sir tsu a 
 splinter has penetrated. 
 
 sir 2, sir-ra si for sil-ld sil-ld q. v. 
 
 sfr 3. vb. to persevere, to act with 
 perseverance, to persist in, to endeavour 
 riim-ka sir-lun md to persevere in prayer; 
 sir-Id adv. persevering. 
 
 sir 4. see sak sir (vb. to be disgusted 
 with). 
 
 sir-to s. the carrying tribute from a 
 little to a superior king M. 
 
 sil 1. vb. n. to be blunt (as knife), to 
 be sluggish; — sil-ld sil-ld carelessly, 
 superficial (as work badly done, that 
 would soon fall down), languid, sluggishly, 
 blunt (as ban), ban sil-ld sil-ld nak vb. 
 to hack as with blunt knife. 
 
 sfl 2. vb. t. to tear off, applied only 
 to flesh, man Ml to vb. to tear meat 
 and eat, pUn-ci sil vb. to tear off the 
 flesh at base of nail; pd-sil broken 
 skin (as sometimes forms under nails 
 etc.) torn (flesh; see sit (corr.?) — a- 
 sil s. the stem-root of trees and plants, 
 membrum virile with praeputium be- 
 hind glans. 
 
 sil 3. s. trap for wild animals made by 
 placing a heavy log over thin path, which, 
 as they go, they knock down the support 
 and the log falls on them; sil fop-non to 
 be killed by the falling of sil. 
 
 sil 4, sil-ld sil-ld to hiss as damp wood 
 when burning. 
 
 sil-la sdl-la see under sol. 
 
 -su postp. a verbal particle of indefinite 
 meaning used for -so or -sdn q. q. v. 
 
 su 1. vb. t. to strip clothes, dum m da 
 to be naked. 
 
 su 2. vb. t. to stop up, to cork, to 
 bring up (as bottle, cask), sii fo id. — 
 Slim vb. to cork, to plug i. q. m; sUm 
 fo i. q. sw fo to cork, to plug. — a-Mm 
 s. a stopper, plug, cork. 
 
 su 3. vb. t. to do the work or perform, 
 or to serve king or great man; kd-su 
 handiwork (5 A), a-bo a-mo-sd kd-su the 
 work of their fathers. 
 
 su 4., a-su s. mark of anything, signs, 
 trace, aAo a-m; remains, remnants; a-m- 
 Id no more, nothing left; a-m-ld md-nyin- 
 ne there is nothing left, no more; 
 
' iu — Sup 
 
 Sum— su 
 
 431 
 
 a-m-ld md-lin-ne speak no more, speak 
 nothing more. 
 
 *su 5. see m 2. 
 
 *su 6. T. bzu(-ba) vb. to melt, to dis- 
 solve. 
 
 *su 7. T. sal{-cems) s. a testament, last 
 will, also the property left by ditto, sm- 
 nyim-bo s. an heir; sm rit vb. to divide 
 property by will. 
 
 *suk 1. (probly. T. % to be ruined, to 
 be destroyed) vb. n. to be malevolent, 
 to curse, a-kup mo bo-ka suk the son 
 cursed his parents or bore malevolence 
 towards them, mun-nun suk to be har- 
 rassed by evil spirit, to be possessed by 
 evil spirit; to grumble, to be annoyed. 
 
 suk 2. vb. tr. to put on, as coat, shoes, 
 ring etc., to dress ta-go suk vb. to put 
 on jacket; suk dydm bi'srh. to put upon, 
 a-yu-do td-gri kup-pdn-ka suk dydm bi-lun 
 (ye) shall put them upon your sons Ex.; 
 
 — kd-siik s. gloves, see under kd, kd; 
 ton-suk s. stockings; a-hyir suk s. purple- 
 cloth J. 
 
 suk 3., a-suk s. the gleaning of corn. 
 
 suk 4., suk-t'o vb. t. kim svk-fo to coin 
 money, see kdm. 
 
 suk 5. suk-ka suk-ka adv. noiselessly, 
 silently, suk-kd suk-kd ayok mat vb. to 
 work silently. See sup 2. 
 
 sun-tan see sin-ton under sin 3. 
 
 sup 1., sup-la Old Lepcha i. q. gun-nd 
 (all) M. 
 
 $up 2. (see suk) quietly, noiselessly, 
 Idm sup-Id non walk quietly, noiselessly. 
 
 *sup 3. T. sib(-pa) or sub(-pa) vb. to 
 whisper, used with rin prefixed. See sap. 
 
 *sup 4. T. zib (see sip) s. fine flour, 
 sup td-i used respectfully for pye flour; 
 
 — T. sib{-pa) (minutely, finely) a minute 
 article, a small particle, min mp small 
 letters, as in book; — Redupl. sup-svp 
 adj. small, minute, a-mik siip-sup small 
 eyes; — sup-sHp-ld dun vb to describe 
 minutely; sUp-sup-ld do-cet mat vb. to 
 investigate minutely. 
 
 sup 5. for jiip close, adjoining, mik 
 siip-ndn to have eyes nearly closed. 
 
 sum see su 2. 
 
 -sum, -sum-o (fr. -so-yam-o)postpos. which 
 gives a future tense i. q. -so q. v., bam-sum 
 vid-yo-nun don't think of remaining; — 
 -sum-bo or (see under hi 2.) postpos. form- 
 ing nomina actoris, a future participle, "one 
 that will," as mak-sikn-bo a mortal, or 
 one that will die; non-sHm.-bo (I) will 
 be going, about to go, or one that will 
 go, it is sometimes also used awkwardly 
 in the sense "ought to be" as md-bUk- 
 na-sum-bo-ka bUk to beat a person that 
 ought not to be beaten. 
 
 sum vb. n. to be jagged, as edge of 
 knife, met kin-jom sum the smoothness 
 of front to be jagged, to frown; mik mm 
 not to be able to bear the sight, to hate. 
 
 sum-pat (also sin-pat) s. a spec, of 
 large leech, siim-pai bit. 
 
 Sur vb. to be crowded together, to be 
 superabundant, siir-Un di. 
 
 *sur-bu T. bser-ba vb. to confront. 
 
 sul vb. to slip along the ground as 
 any thing flat, cfr. Ml to slip, as man. 
 
 siil-la sdl-la i. q. sil-ld sol-Id see sol. 
 
 su 1. pron. interr. cfr. T. su what? 
 which? who? M. 42. see also to; su kd-d 
 what is it, what may it be; su mat-tun 
 go what are you doing, sometimes cor- 
 rupted su man-go M. 43; su gat-sdn-d 
 what do you want M. 43.; su li-wHn go 
 what are you saying; m fam, what thing, 
 what sort of; su su what, what thing; 
 iu-ka for what purpose M. 80; su-niin 
 how; su kon-nim or su tun-dok-nun for 
 what reason M. 77; — su-sd of what, 
 what sort of, su-sd md-ro what sort or 
 man, td-gip-sd su-sd bag and all what 
 not, on-sd su-sd byom-liin reckoning 
 children and all; — su-ld every, all, 
 whatever M. 124., su-ld md-nyin-ne 
 nothing, there is nothing M. 108; su-ld 
 yd to know everything, to be omniscient; 
 tu-ld md-yd-ne to know nothing; su-ld 
 nyoh-sd md-nyin-ne to be of no effect, 
 to be imperceptable, to be impalpable, 
 su Ko-ld md-nyin-ne it is of no use; — 
 su gvn-nd all, every, su gdn what if, su 
 
^32 
 
 *Su — siin 
 
 §un — *§e-gdt 
 
 gdn Id -whatsoever M. 44 also what con- 
 sequence as a-fun re mi-ka fdn-pu un-ka 
 dydn-pu fdt-ka lap-pu su gdn Id mat of 
 what consequence, whether you burn, 
 fling into the water, bury the dead; — 
 su go-run whatever, whatsoever, cfr. T. 
 su yan-run; — su go what is it, what, sugo 
 yo gdn because, wherefore, as it is so. 
 Ex. su dot what consequence, no matter, 
 su dot lat nd lat whatever may be the 
 consequence; su mat why, wherefore, su 
 mat gdn-ld at any rate, at all events, under 
 all circumstances; — su ydh what, how, 
 why cfr. T. su-yan, su ydn ka-pu what 
 may this be, what do you call it; su ydn 
 zuk-kun go why are you doing, a-re su 
 ydn zuk Mn how do you do this; su ri 
 whatever, what, su ri len above all things, 
 su ri len se-rap fop above all things gain 
 knowledge, su ri zuk go-run Tium.-bo one 
 able to do anything, su mat ri mat what- 
 soever, and so on, thus; su a-bdn-nun on 
 what account. 
 
 *su 2. (also su) T. gu(-ba) vb. to en- 
 treat, to petition, to solicit; su-bo T. zu- 
 ba-po s. a petitioner; — su den T. zu 
 rten s. an offering or present; presented 
 with petition ; su yuk s. a petition ; su rin 
 s. id., representation; su no (probly. T. 
 zu-nai) s. intercession; — a-su s. begging, 
 soliciting, petitioning; mention, a-su-niln 
 md-ditn-nun do not mention it. — td-su 
 s. begging, request, solicitation. 
 
 SU 3. su-m, su-t vb. n. to be fat, as 
 man, beasts, sum-bo fat Ex.; — a-sum 
 adj. fat, greasy; — a-sut s. the fat of 
 animal, man sut s. tallow; — pur-su-ld 
 slovenly, dirty. 
 
 su 4. see a-su under a. 
 
 suk see sok. 
 
 *suk-po kuii (T. suk-pa) s. ace. Hooker 
 2, 45 Juniperus excelsa; suk-po kun yan 
 ace. M. Juniperus recurva; suk-po pa 
 s the berries of J. used as incense; — 
 suk-po kun nydk ace. M. Thuja orientalis 
 
 sun 1. vb. n. to be suffocated, as with 
 smoke; vdt sun vb. t. to suffocate bees 
 with smoke ; a-tet mi kan gum go sun-bam 
 
 there is so much smoke, I am suffocating; 
 mi sun vb. t. to suffocate fire as by 
 placing cloth over it; — a-sun adj. not 
 quite dry (said of wood). 
 
 suii 2.: kup sun an only child. M. 
 
 * sun-dan see p6n-s.-d. 
 suii-fo s. the turtledove M. 
 
 sut 1. vb. to puff (out as smoke), sut- 
 td sut-td di to come in puff (as smoke, 
 clouds etc.); sut-ldpld ndn to go off with 
 a puff as powder). 
 
 sut 2. see su 3. (to be fat). 
 
 sun 1. vb. to take part of, to allow, 
 to have own way (as child); to spoil. 
 
 (§un 2.), tuk-sun or tun-§un s. 1. straw of 
 rice (alone) zo t.-s.; 2. thin shavings of 
 bamboo, wood, bo-lyen jor-bo-sd tHk-mn 
 the shavings of wood from planing. 
 
 sun-ri (Yakthoomba) s. a distiller. M. 
 
 sum 1. s. the gutter above and below, 
 li sum s. eaves of house; fringe; a-sum 
 s. a fringe; the beard or awn of maize. 
 
 sum 2. see su 3. 
 
 sum 3. T. sum(j-pa) hon. i. q. hryop q. v. 
 M. 134. 
 
 se 1., a-se s. the fringe of cloth, dUm- 
 se s. the edging of cloth which when 
 cut becomes the tUn-jdn fringe. 
 
 *se 2. T. zal hon. the face, *se-gyin 
 T. zal-rgyan s. the mustaches, beard, 
 litly. "the embellishment of the face"; 
 *se-pa T. zal-lpags s. the lips; *se-cu T. 
 zal-cu s. saliva; *se-don T. zal-gdon s. 
 the face; pa-no *se-ta-mo (T. zal-ta-ma) 
 a king's maid-servant. Ex. 
 
 *Se 3. T. ze (s. inclination); *se-hre1. 
 ze-Krel used in sense of indignation, riim- 
 sd se-hre the indignation or shame of God 
 at fault; se-hre bam vb. to hate; — *se- 
 lok T. ze-log s. hatred, aversion, se-lok mat 
 vb to hate, to abhor. J.; — *se-so T. 
 ze-sa s. respect, civility, se-so li vb. to 
 speak respectfully. 
 
 * Se 4. T. ghgs vb. to go, to come, see 
 *OT, *s6; miik-nyam-nun se-pa the shade 
 has entered. 
 
 *se-g4t T. bzad-gad s. hon. laughter, 
 se-gdt n6n vb. to laugh. 
 
"se pap — sen 
 
 ^sen-tsii— *ser 
 
 433 
 
 *se (lap see under m&fi 2. 
 *§e-pap T. les-rah s. wit, understanding, 
 knowledge, wisdom, se-rap fop vb. to get 
 understanding. 
 
 se-sa and si-sd s. the water in blister 
 or sore, ichor. J. 
 
 Sek 1., a-5ek s. a marriage-gift made 
 before marriage to parents of bride, as 
 price or value of the girl varying in 
 demand according to the circumstances, 
 of bridegroom. See Idn-k&m. 
 
 sek 2. fy'et hk-bo s. the meter of time 
 i. e. God. M. 
 
 sen 1. §en vb. t to stretch out thread, 
 as preparatory to weaving cloth, from post 
 to post, to prepare warp. — a-»en s. the 
 warp of cloth. — dum sen-bo s. weaver. 
 
 (sen 2.,) tun-sen s. the inner or hind- 
 part of knee, of men, the hock of horses 
 or similar part of hind-leg of other 
 animals. 
 
 (sen 3), seh-na sen-iia adv. completely, 
 hn-nd sen-rid s6n completely -dry. 
 
 *sel 1. vb. T. gsad(^-pcL) to relate (as 
 story), to tell, to explain. 
 
 *set 2. T. sed s. strength, power, force, 
 see also cet 11, set-tun with violence, in- 
 corr. f. set-tun; — set-nyim-bo adj. strong 
 M. — postpos. in s. of "deserving of, fit 
 for" M. 97 (cfr. T. ccd?) e. c. hryum zdk- 
 set deserving of punishment; un fdn-set 
 drinking-water or vessel, nan-set a seat, 
 byin-set, bon-set, jm-set a befitting offering, 
 tsam-set s. the handle. 
 
 *§et 3. T. cad: rin-set i. q. rm-cet vb. 
 to promise; s. promise P. 
 
 sen 1. vb. n. to be wretched, to be 
 dilapidated, co sen tea-leaves after having 
 been used; cik sen under weight; — sw/i- 
 sen-ld dishevelled, dilapidated. — tun-sen 
 s. the refuse of grain (rice) etc. after 
 sifting or winnowing. 
 
 sen 2. vb. t. to stick in, as ban into 
 sheath, ban sen bu to wear knife sticking 
 on waist, rip a-tsom-ka sen to stick flower 
 into hair. 
 
 sen see sen. 
 
 -Sen i. q. -km postp. of the vb. M. (Jr. 
 
 49. "having" or "when", lat-sen when 
 he came, li-sen when he spoke or having 
 said, it expresses the same as -ban or 
 -ba q. V. as lyon mat-sen i. q. lyon mat- 
 ba; — sen-Id or sen go-run "still, how- 
 ever, yet, furthermore, after that" ace. 
 M. Gr. 87; -sen-Id postp. of the verb, in 
 s. of "notwithstanding", "though" see 
 under -Id. 
 
 *sen-tsu T. rdsu-rtsis s. a calculation 
 of the transformations after death. 
 
 Sep 1. vb. n. to wither as plant from 
 being insect-eaten; sep-bu s. a spec, of 
 weevil zo sep-bu; — tur-sep dor a spec, 
 of boletus (edible). 
 
 Sep 2. anything eaten with ci, ci sep a 
 relish with ci. 
 
 §eni vb. t. to judge, to reflect, to con- 
 sider, to act on reflection, to ponder, to 
 select; imp. sem-md-o G.; nyom sem vb. 
 to administer equity; rum-niin sem-luii 
 kd-sii, rin nydn-lHh God has judged me, 
 and hath also heard my voice. G. — a- 
 sem s. judgment J. 
 
 §er 1. s. interstice, intermediate space; 
 adv. between, being in the centre, ser 
 t'u vb. to place between, ««■ I6ii bam vb. 
 to lead between (as a man guarded by 
 two soldiers), used also in the sense of 
 going between or protecting (as treasure 
 etc. or slipping between combatants to 
 protect one from blow); — a-ser s. a 
 partition, as in house U a-ser G., a 
 layer (as of earth or of any thing), a-ser 
 nydt dUm two layers of cloth i. e. double 
 cloth, a-ser a-ser in layers, a-ser a-ser lut 
 hron to come off in layers or flakes; a 
 boundary, fat a-ser the b. of land, ser 
 ki vb. to dispute about b. 
 
 ser 2. vb. to warble, to rustle, hik sei- 
 cock to rustle its wings against ground, 
 as before treading hen, making evolutions; 
 to make gyrations, evolutions, ser I6k vb. 
 to dance flourishing body or ban making 
 evolutions. — pim-ser s. a whip made of 
 split bamboo or cane for beating^up 
 cream, eggs etc. 
 
 *ser 3. T. sel s. glass, ter-sd of or be- 
 
 28 
 
434 
 
 ser— §ok 
 
 sok— *sor 
 
 longing to glass, glassy, *Ser-bum T. Sel- 
 bum s. a glass-bottle or -vessel, *^er-mik 
 T. sel mig also mig-ser s. spectacles; *ser- 
 mi T. sel-me s. a burning-glass; ier-vyen 
 s. a window or glass-door. 
 
 ser 4 for sir q. v. 
 
 sel 1. see sal, sal. 
 
 sei 2. vb. t. to carry, to convey. 
 
 -so postp. forms future or optative M. 
 45 — 46., go su.yd-so how should I know; 
 li-so (he) shall speak; Icam-m fuk-bapam 
 gan kom sor-so when litigating, if you lose 
 your case, you will have to pay ("let 
 slip") the expenses; — -so-ba postp. in 
 s. of future perfect tense, e. c. ha-yu 
 sin-so-ba o-fa ayo len md-ryu-num-ho when 
 men have well drunk, then that which 
 is worse J. 
 
 so 1. vb. n. 1. to exhale as breath, see 
 som; 2. to be slightly sour, acidulous, as 
 ci, ci so-lun dyak ndn. 
 
 *so 2. (T.) s. a die, or dice, so-lon or 
 so-lo see also eo-lo; — so ri: lydm so ri 
 man fa play and eat meat M.; so dydn 
 vb. to dice J. 
 
 *S0 3. T. zo s. curds, *so-rin T. i'o-rin 
 s. the price of milk. 
 
 *so 4. oldLepchal. now *co q. v. book; 
 religion, so-pu i. q. xo-bo; so mat vb. to 
 exercise religion. 
 
 *S0 5, T. sol see *lo, *ld-vo. 
 
 so 6. so SO the call to cows. 
 
 so na-lan dor s. a spec, boletus (edible). 
 
 so-la mit fo s. a spec, of tit M. 
 
 sok (or suk) vb. t. to join ends together, 
 as anything divided or separate; md-sok- 
 ne not counted, not included, exclusively 
 of, in s. of. "in addition to, over and 
 above, besides," kom md-sok-ne zo bo be- 
 sides or in addition to money give food; 
 to. continue, to prosecute i. q. f'ut q. v.; 
 ' — to take into family, a-nop sok vb. to 
 marry the widow of deceased elder brother 
 (the elder may not marry the widow of 
 younger, it would be tarn nyot); mo lo sok 
 Ion to take one's mother-in-law into his 
 family; — vb. n. to be united, md-sok- 
 ne unconnected with; — sok-nd, sok-nd- 
 
 Id adv. always, ever, continually J.; hk- 
 nd-ld md-nyin-ne never J. ; — Deriv. a- 
 sok s. the joining of anything; — tiir- 
 sok s. junction, joining. 
 
 sok 2. s. the end, the limits, lyan sok 
 the end of land; suk-dum td-lyan sok the 
 end of the world; mlo kok horizon; nam 
 sok klak see under nam. — lop sok dry 
 leaves. 
 
 *sok 3. see cok T. cog to be fit or 
 proper for anything. 
 
 *Sok 4. T. gsog: *can-sok L. mik-i'om q. v. 
 
 son (cfr. srfw) vb. n. to dry (as cloth 
 before fire or before sun); son-lyan s. a 
 drying-place. 
 
 sot vb. n. to be too full, to be unable 
 to be contained in (as vessel, too full of 
 water, would boil over, house too full etc.) 
 to be rank, to be excessive, a-mik sot to 
 be wearied; see si 15. 
 
 *son T. zon{-pd) vb. to mount, to ride 
 L. ful. 
 
 sop (see sop) vb. n. to subside as 
 swelling, to sink down or fall lightly 
 down, as tree or anything, to shrink up 
 as cow's udder when empty, a-sup i'op 
 (swelling) to subside; milt pd-am sop 
 sugarcane to be exhausted of its juice; 
 met. sak-ddk sop (grief) to subside; — 
 sop-Id adv.: sop-Id glo vb. to fall lightly, 
 nyen sop-Id tser vb; to milk to the last 
 drop; — td-sop, tiik-fop, tim-sop s. worth- 
 less refuse, as graiu without any kernel, 
 adj. empty, as ear of corn. — a-sop adj. 
 empty, as ear of corn kd-cer a-sop. 
 
 som 1. vb. n. to have strength or flavour 
 exhausted, ci som-non: ci to have lost its 
 flavour. 
 
 som 2. vb. n. to extend, to spread out 
 as grass muk som. 
 
 *Sor T. sor{-ba), 'cor{-ba) vb. n. to es- 
 cape, to slip, to steal away, to be de- 
 prived of, tick-mo sor to lose a thing by 
 theft; jit sor to pass urine involuntarily; 
 mik grun sor to shed tears; a-rkUp sor-non 
 to give birth to a still-born child; — to 
 run over, of a full vessel, as milk, chi 
 etc.; — to strain; — to be given away 
 
sol — sdt 
 
 sdn— *sdr 
 
 435 
 
 dom-ho iiiu-sor-ne to have had no connec- 
 tion with women, to be pure; ri/l sor to 
 pledge one's word; — to fail, to miss a- 
 U a-bo/'t sor lapsus linguae; — to pass; 
 ior-rd sor-rd declining sd-tsiik sor-rd Sor- 
 rd yu (the sun) to be declining, as in 
 afternoon. — tuk-soi; tun-aor s. 1. a chi- 
 strainer ci iuk-sor 2. a large net used to 
 catch fish; tuk-bor ivk vb. to set t.-s. to 
 catch fish; tuk-sor fo s. the teeth or prongs 
 of the t.-i.-^&i. 
 
 sol see sak sol-Id under sak. 
 
 sol see col and sol. 
 
 s6 1. T. gaegs(^-pa) : sin so hon. to go 
 to a field. 
 
 sd 2. see also c6 III (taunt). 
 
 *sdk 1. T. gsog(-pa) vb. t. 1. to dissect, 
 to cut, as meat; to cleave, to divide; to 
 pierce through, bdk sok see under bdk; 
 mik-krap sok to resist sleepiness; ^6k dydn 
 vb. id.; — 2. to confess, to own, to 
 acknowledge, to confess to priest, also to 
 receive remission, or forgiveness of sin 
 thereby, dik-po sok: Id-yo sok vb. to re- 
 ceive remission of sin by confession. — 
 *s6k-pu T. bsags-pa s. a remission of sin, 
 sok-pu mat vb. to make confession and 
 receive remission of sins. 
 
 *§dk 2. T. zag s. grease, fat, a-boA-ka 
 sok di to have rich flavour in mouth when 
 eating fat meat. 
 
 sdk 3. vb. to take exercise^ sok 16m vb. 
 to walk for exercise as sick man; sun- 
 mut sok Hind. ^'^T ^T^^T to walk about 
 idly. 
 
 sdk 4. explet. f. muk M. 137. 
 
 §dk 5. vb. n. 1. to be exhausted, as 
 chi, to be neglected see Id; 2. to exhaust 
 drunken efl'ects as by exercise; (see 
 sok 3?). 
 
 sdlisee sd/i,sun-sdn-tddis\ieve\\ed (hair). 
 
 Sdt vb. n. to be overwhelmed with grief 
 sak-ddk sot; with rage sak-lyak sot, with 
 shame uk-luh sot; sak-lyak sot-ba a-so bu- 
 lun mak being in uncontrolled rage, 
 bursting a blood vessel, he died; a-fik 
 td-do sot-lun mak-vid-o many unable to 
 restrain their passions die P.; sot lyak 
 
 overwhelming sorrow or passion; — to 
 weep violently, sot bam vb. to weep 
 bitterly. 
 
 §dti for son vb. n. to dry. See son. 
 
 sdp 1. vb. t. to guard against friction, 
 bii-ba tvk-pun ^op when carrying load on 
 shoulder, to place anything between load 
 and shoulder; lop sop vb. to line a basket 
 with leaves. 
 
 sdp 2. vb. to spin cotton ki sop. 
 
 sdp 3. vb. to pour rice or chi from 
 basket (tiin-gryon) into pd-fyut. 
 
 sdp 4. s. a sort of stack made of straw, 
 (frame-work etc.) and filled in the in- 
 terior with rice, a-sop; — vb. to stack; 
 li-ka sop fo vb. to house up harvest; zo 
 md-do-nd sop (never to have had a simi- 
 lar s.) to have a most plentiful harvest. 
 
 *Sdp 5. see sap T. zabs, mat-pan hop- 
 pan actions i. q. mat-la sop-lu see mat II.; 
 — sop wok beneath feet, a servant. 
 
 sdp 6., sdp-pa Sdp-pa unpleasant in 
 flavour; see som. 
 
 sdm 1. vb. to be subject to any con- 
 stant disease or to sustain any injury from 
 the effects of which you constantly suffer, 
 som ddk to have chronic complaints. 
 
 sdm 2. vb. to be stale, stinking as 
 butter. 
 
 sdm 3. : designedly, som-lvn mat vb. to 
 do a thing designedly, non md-som-nd he 
 went by chance. 
 
 *sdm 4. for com see under co II. 
 
 sdm mun i. q. (a-y-ot s. the demon of 
 violent or sudden death, som mun-ka non 
 vb. to go to s., to lose life by violent 
 means or suddenly. 
 
 *sdr 1. ace. M. fr. T. mr(-ba)/car(-ba) 
 (to rise, to appear) vb. to break up an 
 assembly, more correctly applied to the 
 rising and breaking up of a seated as- 
 sembly; — to dry up or to depart to the 
 other stream (said if there are two or 
 more streams of which one dries up) uh 
 kaii sor the branch has dried up or de- 
 parted to the other; — ace. M. flavour- 
 less (chi) ci sor. 
 
 *sdr 2. sdr-bo T. :ar(-ba) adj. having 
 
436 
 
 Sdr— *8dl 
 
 wa — *wur 
 
 lost the use of any limb, being not in 
 full possession of one's members, a-mik 
 sor T. mip zar one-eyed, blind; a-M sdr 
 T. lag zar having. only one hand, being 
 lame in one or both hands; a-dyan sor 
 T. rkan zar lame, o-re-pdn-ka ma-Kun- 
 num-bo mik sap-bo a-dyan s&r-bo md-zu- 
 cim-bo in these (lay a great multitude) 
 of impotent folk, of blind, halt, withe- 
 red ... J. 
 
 §dr 3. sdr-ra sdr-ra in torrents, so sor- 
 rd sor-rd yii to rain in torrents. 
 
 sdl 1. vb. n. 1. to abound, to be ex- 
 uberant, to be in crowds, sol no/l vb. to 
 go in crowds; kum-yd sol vb. to abound 
 in wit; — 2. to burst forth, mlo bldn-ld 
 
 sdl-non the heavens were rent asunder 
 see sol 2. — sol-la sol-Id (1.) i. q. rum- 
 md rum-md see under ML 
 
 *sdl 2. see *col T. 'col(-ba), 'M(-pa) 
 vb. n. to be thrown together, to be con- 
 founded; to be destroyed, ravaged as 
 country by enemy, — vb. t. to destroy hla- 
 gon a-re-ka sol-la destroy this temple J. ; 
 — to be of inferior quality ; — a-s6l adj. 
 of inferior cloth. — s6l-ld sol-la mixed, 
 as bran with flour. — Ul-ld sol-la or M-ld 
 lyom-ldoT sdl-ld7ndl-ld Aisovderlj,sca,tteved, 
 in confusion, sdl-ld mol-ld zuk vb. to work 
 disorderly; sil-ld sdl-ld or sdl-ld lydm-ld 
 Idm vb. to walk carelessly as tramping 
 on everything. 
 
 w 
 
 wa the 28 th letter of the L. alphabet 
 T. ^, in T. words it represents also 
 initial 0^0^ (wm, wo). 
 
 *wa, wa T. 'os(-pa) vb. to be fit, to 
 be meet, to be convenient; to be worth 
 also used by Lepcha's for: to be worthy; 
 o-tet md-wd-ne it is not worth as much; 
 wd met tsd met mat vb. to treat with 
 disrespect; hu sd-tet wd-wun-gd how much 
 is it worth. 
 
 *wa-pa-met T. 'od-dpag med n. pr. 
 Amitabha P. 
 
 "viAi T. 'od s. light, bright, lustre, wdt- 
 tuH ndk md-td-ne not to be able to behold 
 the brightness; wdt top vb. to glorify J. 
 kd-sii bo-ka kd-su wdt mi-sdr-ka nyim-bo- 
 rem, sd tarn sd-re a-yu-ni/n si-wiin-re giin 
 nydt dun-nd-o ye shall tell my father of 
 all my glory in Egypt, and of all that 
 ye have seen G. ; hu wdt-nyi-lu/l gye-ld 
 gye-ndn he has triumphed gloriously Ex. 
 
 — wd-kor T. ^od-kor a radiant circle, a 
 halo; — wdt-cenT. "od-can adj. full of light; 
 
 — wdt-7iyim-bo i. q. jer q. v. ; — wdt-met 
 T. "od-med adjly. destitute of light, 
 worthless. 
 
 wan vb. to snarl, kd-ju wan-Id tsuk the 
 dog snarls and bites. 
 
 warn see am, mam; warn mat vb. to 
 eat, applied to little child, when it first 
 commences to eat by itself; — wajn-ho 
 nun vb. to become like little child, just 
 able to feed itself; to become dumb. 
 
 wi vb. to be mournful in tone, to make 
 lamentation, wi-lun li vb. to speak mourn- 
 fully, despondingly, ici-wun-sd miin a 
 mournful note. 
 
 *wi-dd (see yi-dd) T. yi-dvags Skt. IHT 
 the fifth class of satva's of Buddhistic 
 mythology, dr-sdn-sd a-bryan wi-dd murl 
 ydii gum-o they are called preta's P. 
 
 win {wun)yh. to hitch, to move slightly or 
 with difficulty (as impotent person), da- 
 liii'i win to move slightly; yok-win to move 
 back and forwards, to hitch (a person; 
 a stake when desired to be loosened); 
 win-ndn to go hitching along. 
 
 -wun, -w-u/i postp. see -iin. 
 
 *WU-dd i. q * wi-dd q. v. 
 
 "wuk-po T. 'ug-pa s. an owl, wuk-po mik 
 owl-eyed. 
 
 *wur T."ur(^ba) (noise, humming noise) 
 
wek — w6k 
 
 a— a 
 
 437 
 
 vb. n. to be hurried, to be flurried, 
 to rush, to be simultaneously excited; 
 wur-ro or wur-run hurry slcurry, si- 
 multaneous excitement or motion, wur- 
 ro or wur-run di vb. to come in a rush; 
 wur-ro or wur-run lam vb. to fly simul- 
 taneously. — ■ wur-fok adj. extending like 
 wind, surpassing the wind, quickly, 
 hastily; — wur-do T. 'ur-rdo s. a sling, 
 wur-do vun-lun tyok vb. to whirl and let 
 fly with sling. Also hur-do. 
 
 wek vb.: td-kli wek bowels to yearn, 
 to rumble. 
 
 wo-mo s. a spindle, a spinning-wheel. 
 
 *W0-m(5 s. T. 'o-mia milk, wo fan wo- 
 me fa T. 'o-fan 'o-mdi tar, s. the milky 
 meadow, ancient name of the plain, where 
 now Lha-sa is built upon. 
 
 *WO-SU T. 'o-se s. a mulberry L. mik- 
 krap pot. 
 
 *wok T. 'og beneath, under, used by 
 Lepcha's also for the subjects or juris- 
 diction or anything under king, sop wok 
 ''beneath the feet" servant, slave. 
 
 *won 1. T. 'on(-ba) vb. to be skilled 
 or to be perfect in, to be acquainted with, 
 to be able, fam-cAh gun-nd-ka mija ind- 
 loon-ne cannot devote myself to the wel- 
 fare of mankind; — won-bo one skilled 
 in or having perfect knowledge of, co 
 won-bo a scholar. 
 
 won 2. vb. n. to be abundant, to suf- 
 fice, won-si to obtain abundance, fok won- 
 U (harvest) to be very abundant; — 
 won-pa it is enough, it is sufficient; won 
 won adv. enough M. 76. 
 
 -wd: w-d postp. see -6. 
 
 *wd 1. T. wa s. a large, long trough, 
 wo-sun: kijon ivo-sun s. a high waterfall. 
 
 *wd 2. T. wa s. a long note, as on 
 trumpet, sd-no-ka bdk-ko tsdk-Iiin wo fap 
 breathing thro' the nostrils gave a long 
 sounding note with the horn; sound made 
 by dumb person, long sound ; w6-bo s. a 
 dumb person; — *w6-can T. wa-spyan 
 s, a jackal; — * wo-mo T. wa-ma s. 
 a fox. 
 
 wdk vb. to refrain. M. 
 
 The Vowels. 
 
 a the 29 th letter of the L. alphabet, 
 T. Q^ or l?|, the basis of vowels: n, d, 
 a, i, i, u, u, e, o, 6. It is also combined 
 with kyd (suffixed y) e. c. dyd, ciyd, aya 
 etc. In T. words the latter represents 
 yy (initial) e. c. dyu T. yyu q. v. 
 
 -a postpos. 1. affixed to a word makes 
 it interrogative M. 142, ho kd-yu pd- 
 no mat-mn-d shalt thou indeed reign over 
 us? G. — 2. by adding -d or -d-o the 
 imperative 2nd p. is formed; should the 
 vb. end in a consonant, reduplication of 
 the final consonant is required M. 46 see 
 -a ] . e. c. rdn-nd or rdn-nd-o wait (thou or 
 you); zuk-kd or zuk-kd-o work; mon sd- 
 re go-nun myon-bo a-re dun-so nydn-nd-o 
 
 hear this dream which I have dreamed G. 
 — 3. verbal increment in emphat. s. (re- 
 duplication of fin c.) siik-diim gitn-nd 
 fyo-wvn-sd tun mdt-td myon-pa this was 
 the dream: the blowing of the trumpet- 
 shell was heard by all the world P ; 
 ndk-kd mon-sdn-sd a-fin a-lem dit dydt- 
 ^?//i-(( behold this dreamer cometh G.; in 
 songs cfr. M. Gr. 139. — 4. byadding- a, re- 
 duplication of the final consonant an adv. 
 is formed see fyon-nd, fan-fid, tyan-nd, 
 tyep-pd, pydl-ld, gryon-nd etc., with re- 
 duplicated root see dh-nd dn-hd; etc. 
 
 a 1. particl. the article itself as a-re 
 d that thing; co d that there below; kd- 
 nyi mun-Um d-niin mat-hn sd-r&h kd-nyi 
 
438 
 
 a — an 
 
 an — &r 
 
 tsiim-md-o through the force of that 
 prayer (in former births) we two have 
 come here together P. 
 
 a 2, d vb. to be warm, warm M. Ill; 
 see also i; — so a warm weather; 
 
 Deriv. a-d, a-d or a-dm s. adj. warmth, 
 warm ; a-dm non to go to a warm place ; 
 dum a-dm warm clothes; in conjunction 
 with sak to be pleased, sak a-d exhila- 
 rating, vivifying the mind, see sak a under 
 sak; sak a non vb. to rejoice J. — see 
 nun-d-rik, num-dm-zo. — pd-dm i. q. a-dm 
 warm; nice, leisurous, pd-dm pd-su nice, 
 pleasant, heetxitiiul, pd-miit pd-dm sugar- 
 cane, see also pd-am. — dn vb. to warm 
 one's self, to charm, to be grateful to; — 
 adj. pleasing, attractive, fascinating, in- 
 ticing, rin dn inticing words. 
 
 a 3. adj. broken, as hik-ti d-non the egg- 
 is broken, is hatched. — 
 
 Deriv. dn vb. to break; dn-non to be 
 broken; dn-non fat broken in pieces; 
 dn-lun nun vb. to break into pieces; dn- 
 Ivh td-i mat vb. to reduce to powder; 
 a-do kd-nun fydn-pdn-rem dn fat thy right 
 hand hath dashed in pieces the enemy 
 Ex. — to let rice etc. fall through the 
 air in order to free it from husk or to 
 cool it. — s. small pieces of anything, 
 aw zuk vb. to break into pieces; — dyd 
 vb. to be broken; to be changed as 
 money into smaller coin; — aydn s. flour, 
 fine powder, dydn-nd aydn-nd fine powder, 
 dydn-nd aydn-nd dek vb. to break to 
 pieces. 
 
 a 4., a a exclam. yes, d tarn vb. to 
 answer in the affirmative, to concede P. 
 
 ak exclam. yes, yes indeed, dk dyum- 
 bo it is indeed; dk ce-nd yes, certainly; 
 dk-kd ce-nd it certainly is so; dk md 
 yes, yea. 
 
 ak, ak vb. to take out. 
 
 ak-ek adjly. sinuous as a path, to and 
 fro, oscillating, palpitating. See ok, 6k- 
 dyek. 
 
 an vb. n to be glorious; — s. dazzle, 
 splendour, glory; — dn-dn or dh-nd dn- 
 nd bright, dazzling, sparkling, a-dum dn- 
 
 nd dn-nd a bright white colour; — see 
 also oh. — dh-fd ace. Je. 338 and W. K. 
 207: '■'■ an^-pha^' s. a spec, bird, Chryso- 
 coccyx hodgsoni. 
 
 ^n vb. to swell, as stomach or corpse; 
 td-dn, td-dn muh, td-dh td-Uh s. name 
 of evil spirit, the evil sp. of dropsy, 
 dropsy; td-dh zdkio be afflicted by dropsy; 
 td-dh i. q. sd-zoh s. the food offered to 
 the spirit of dead; td-dh sd-zoh zo-o may 
 you eat the food prepared for spirit of 
 dead, may you die: an imprecation. 
 
 at vb. t. to generate, to copulate; — 
 dydt affixed seems to give only a tran- 
 sitive or causative meaning as torn dydt 
 to entrust; com dydt to forsake; to dydt 
 to abandon, to place down M. 114. see 
 also it, dyit, yet. 
 
 &l: dt-dt an exclamation of fright, 
 dt-td dyol an excl. of being startled. 
 
 at, td-dt-td see under at. 
 
 ^n vb. to long for, to beg for, to yearn 
 for (love), zo dn-ka T. bsod-snyoms slo/'i- 
 ba-la P. 
 
 an see d 2, d 3. 
 
 ap vb. to wring, to squeeze out; caus. 
 dyep q. v. 
 
 am vb. q. v. to carry (solids) to mouth of 
 another, in opp. tydn q. v., see also mydm 
 to put mouth to. 
 
 am see sak-dm, a, d 2. 
 
 am-ma i. q. om-md all. 
 
 ar pron. a contraction for a-re this, see 
 a I; — drsuffo-teh.QYfm.aj this be; dr- 
 zdh such a one ; dr-zdh md-U-ne (I) have 
 not seen such a one; dr-kon-ka adv. for 
 this reason, on this account M. 87. dr- 
 pldh-ka on this, thereupon; dr-tsoh advly. 
 now, at this time; dr-lyah-ka on this, 
 consequently; dr mat-ka hence, then M. 
 87; dr-nnn therefore M. 41., dr-nun pyil- 
 Id henceforth, henceforward M. 69, dr- 
 nun mat-ba or vi.-ban hence, then M. 87, 
 dr-nun mat-luh on this account, hence, 
 then; therefore, dr-ren i. q. a-re-nun from 
 this, since; dr-len rather; dr-sd dok-ld 
 accordingly; dr-sd ndh-ka moreover, be- 
 sides; — dr-sd lam bu-ldh bearing its 
 
ar— a- 
 
 -a— a 
 
 439 
 
 punishment or reward; dr-pdn and so 
 like, len-gyek dr-pdn bastard-birtlis and so 
 like. See ur. 
 
 ar 1. expanding, increasing, growing; 
 passably nice, passably good; savouring 
 as food, tarn dr anything about ripe, on the 
 point of being ready, about being born; 
 — dr dr adj. strong, stout, said of plants or 
 animals; dr-rd dr-rd ti^h. to grow quickly. 
 
 Der. a-dr adj. passably good. — aydr 
 vb. 1. to burst open as shell, fruit when 
 ripe; 2. to peel, to skin as fruit; — s. 
 interpretation, signification; aydrfli vb. to 
 analyze a thing or language, sentence etc. 
 
 2. see ur, dyor etc. 
 
 al vb. to be fresh, to be new; — adj. 
 new, fresh; soft as a thing or as the 
 heart, impressible, dl lot zuk vb. to re- 
 new a thing; — dl gyek new-born; — 
 dl fi lately arrived; dl fit-bo a new arri- 
 val. — a-dl adj. new, U a-dl a new house, 
 a-dl mat vb. to invent, to institute; soft, 
 tender as meat: man a-dl; fat a-dl soft 
 earth. — dl-ldt s. newness. 
 
 a- 1. prefixed to verbal-roots forms 
 substantives and adjectives, cfr. Brand- 
 reth, JAS. N. S. 10. 16 (11) e. c. cor to be 
 sour a-cor sour; nan to sit a-nan dwelling; 
 fi to come a-U-t arrival; gdt to be ardent 
 a-gut zeal, ardour; ryu to be good a- 
 ryu-m good; ti to be great a-ti-m large; 
 kut to rule a line a-kut strake; hru to 
 be hot; a-hru-m hot; a-hru-n heat; see 
 under -t, -m, -n; a-nyu-t fr. nyii expletive 
 of a-t'ydn (see fydn^; a-dum fr. du etc. 
 e. c. a-kut a-duvi-fdn kut t'o (he) pilled 
 white strakes (in them) G. 30. 37. — 
 2. prefixed to substantives forms nomina 
 (substantives) in s. of diminutive compa- 
 rison or specification etc. e. c. uii, water 
 a-un water in whicli meat has been boiled; 
 vi blood a-vi menses; vyeii door a-vyeii 
 pass; mow. mediciile, grain a-mon grain; 
 kun tree a-kun bush; tree of umbrella; 
 rip flower a-rip flower of cloth; — cfr. 
 a- in Burmese; ad 1. a-ca hunger fr. ca 
 to be hungry, ad 2. a-im (a-eir'i) a sheath 
 fr. im (eiii) a house. 
 
 -a 1. affixed to the imperat. forms 
 optative M. 92. Am mak-kd-a may he die, 
 Kd gram lot-td-a may you soon retire. — 
 2. affixed to nouns forms the vocative c , 
 if the fin. letter of the word be a vowel : 
 -a or -wa; if the word ends with a cons, 
 the fin. is reduplicated, e a-nimi-ma o 
 brother, e pd-no-wa o king. 
 
 a 1. pron. here in comp. this a nam 
 kHp this year only; a-re this, in opp. to 
 o q. v.; see dr. — a-cu adv. in this di- 
 rection, down there M. 72; a-cu a-fu down 
 there and up there. — a-tet, a-tydt (see 
 tet, tydt, sd-tydt etc.) adv. thus much, 
 thus many, thus far M. 44., used in sense 
 of great, greatest, whole e. c. siik-dvm 
 a-tet-ka jdn-bo tiik-mo jdn in the whole 
 world there is nothing so bad as theft; 
 a- tet-sd pa-ka in this interval, thus long. 
 
 — a-fa/i adv. above, up here M. 72. — 
 a-t'u adv. up here (near), on side of here. 
 
 — a-fi adv. here (near), in this direction; 
 
 — a-ba adv. here, a-ba-ka hither; a-ba 
 pi-bu here and there; a-ba tet thus far, 
 a-ba-nvn hence, a-ba-nvn diil non they 
 are departed hence G. — a-bi adv. here 
 (close), just here M. 71. — a-bon adv. 
 on this side, this party, a-bon a-fun-ka 
 superficially. — a-yo part, thus, see yo, 
 a-yo tet while yet. — a-re pr. dem. this, 
 contr. dr q. v.; the following, 'ay.-sd a- 
 gyit-pda a-re gum these are the genera- 
 tions of J. G. ; a-re-nun hence, on this 
 account; a-re-niin mat-ba on this account; 
 a-re-nUn kon mat-ba on this account; a- 
 re-nun pil-ld henceforward; a-re-sd mai- 
 gdh rather; a-re-do this same; a-re-bd 
 here; a-re-bi just here; ti-rc-zdh of this 
 sort, like this M. 105.; a-re zdh dyok ndk- 
 kd what a business this is; a-re-zdn-bo 
 re the one like this; a-re-zdi'i-sd dyok-la 
 fi-wun-re sujin zdn to get into such, how 
 foolish; a-re-re gdn exactly here. — u- 
 Idn adv. now, immediately, the present, 
 M. 94; a-ldA tet-ka for a little while; a- 
 Idii do even, now, this moment; a-ldil ren 
 tsam-lvn or tsun-lvii beginning from the 
 present; a-ldn-sd md-ro a man of the day 
 
440 
 
 a— a-yo 
 
 or of the present time; a-ldn-sd jja-ka 
 in this short time; a-ldn-sd riu the news 
 of the day; a-ldn-sd a-gyek the present 
 life; a-ldii a-ryu cin a-ldn a-jdn at one 
 moment to think good, at the next evil. 
 — a-lem adv. hither, in tliis direction 
 M. 72; a-lem van turn towards to me; 
 a-lem ryu-ld nydn-nd-o attend well to 
 me; a-lem li speak (here) to me; a-lem- 
 sd iiid-ro one of this party. — a-lo adv. 
 thus, this; a-lo da adv. certainly so M. (j2; 
 a-lo-do this M. 127; a-lo-dok tet as large 
 as this; a-lo-bu now, at present, M. 69; 
 a-lo md-go-ne this won't do; a-lo-ld or 
 a-lol-ld hither, in this direction; a-lo tok- 
 ka now- a -days; a-lo-yo thus; in tlie 
 following manner, as follows; a-lo yo-ba 
 at the present tinie; a-lon (fr. a-lo-nun) 
 adv. loc. 1. in this direction, opposed 
 to a-lon-ka (the near side); 2. after, 
 behind, a-lon-ka nan to sit behind ; temp. 
 '6. afterwards M. (51. 81. ayok-re a-lon 
 zuk-so I will do the work afterwards; — 
 a-lom (object, of a-fo) adv. in this way, 
 after this manner; a-flik a-lom a-flik o- 
 lovi some in tliis way, some in that; a- 
 lom-bo adj. of this description, a-lom-ka 
 in this manner, like this, resembling 
 this, a-lom &yok ■pld-so this Vi^iil be the 
 consequence. — a-m adv. down below 
 here (.not very far), a-su yu come down 
 here, a-m non he lias gone down here. 
 a 2. pers. pron. 2nd. person sing, 
 (with do), dual and plur. see ltd; a-clo 
 pron. thou, thyself; you, yourself a-do-sii 
 gen: adj., poss. pron. thy own M. 40; a-do 
 a-mdn md-zo-nun-sd md-fo-ne I will not 
 leave you tilll harve enttiii you. a-dobam-md 
 bain iiid-nyin-nvm-o a threat meaning 
 "you shall not escape me, I will kill 
 you;" a-do f,ya'.-ka bo-sd-o "I will break 
 your head;'' a-do-m c. object, (dat.) of 
 a-do, go a-dom bo I give to you; a-dovi 
 md-tydn-ne I do not laugh at you; lin 
 ho su a-do li sd sd-re ho-ka nyi-wun-pdit a- 
 jdn a-kyon md-hun-nd Mn-ka go-niin o- 
 ba a-dom ju-h and there will I nourish 
 thee; lest thou, and thy household and 
 
 all that thou hast, come to poverty G. 
 — a-nyi (dualis) you two, c. obliq. a- 
 nyim or a-nyum; gen. a-nyi-sd M. 34. 
 a-nyi-do you two yourselves. — a-yu 
 (plur.) you, c. obliq. a-yum, gen: adj: a- 
 yu-sd your M. 36; a-yu-do you, yourselves. 
 
 a 3. excl. an answer to a call i. q. ha q. v. 
 
 a 4. vb. 1. to give anything, krut a to 
 give advice; it is used in giving anything, 
 as a take, and expresses also desire as 
 ndn a wishing to go; 2. to wind cotton 
 on the hand. 
 
 a-ko-da s. a lake, now dried up, which 
 used to be at the place now named 
 "kusang" (from a Mechi-name for pre- 
 pared tobacco). 
 
 a-cak-ku exclam. an expression of con- 
 tempt. 
 
 a-cu exclam. an expression uttered on 
 sudden or great cold. 
 
 a-cik-ku exclam. of disgust. 
 
 a-cu-le exclam. an expression of joy: 
 bravo! used also for praise, as riim-ka a- 
 cu-le mat to give praises to God. 
 
 a-nyf, a-nyum under a 2. 
 
 a-tok "e-foyfc" ace. Wtt. E. 253 "Rho- 
 dodendron arboreum," "-'e-tok a-mak" 
 "Rh. grande" ibd. 276, "a-tok dung" 
 "Michelia cathcarti" Wtt. M. 515 see 
 pg. 140 A. 
 
 a-pa-pa, a-pa-a exclam. an expression 
 of wonder. 
 
 a-ze i an exclam. of fright. 
 
 a-tsa an exclam. of pain. — a-fsd lo-Jd 
 lo-ld here and there. 
 
 a-tsa an exclam. of pain, grief etc., 
 a-tsa a-yo, a-tsa a-ya id. 
 
 a-tse, a-tse-a, a-tse-i excl. of surprise. 
 
 a-tso an exclam. of pain. 
 
 a-ya an exclam. of pain or grief a-yd 
 mat vb. to grieve. 
 
 a-ya-ya or a-ya a-ya an expression of 
 pain, wonder; a-ya-ko an expression of 
 sadness alas! 
 
 a-yu see a 2. 
 
 a-yo exclamation of fright etc., duk-ba 
 a-tsa a-yo li; a-yo sak-cin to think alas, 
 to lament. 
 
a-rat— at 
 
 an-td-f 
 
 441 
 
 a-rat s. the Tibetan settlers in Prii 
 ('Brug-pa), a Bhotiya; Hooker 1, 305. 
 a-rat lyan the country of the B.'s. 
 
 a-rep i. q. a-re-pdn see a 1. 
 
 a-r6k s. spirits, a-rok dot or isok vb. to 
 distil spirits. 
 
 a-lan see a 1. 
 
 a-lo, a-Ion, a-lom see a I. 
 
 a-ldk fo see Idk fo. 
 
 a-lyu s. a cat, a-lyii nyiir bam to purr, 
 as a cat when irritated, a-lyii flk to spit 
 (cat); a-lyu-niin ku-lok grop the cat has 
 caught a rat; a-lyil bon not to be a good 
 mouser; a-lyii myan-bo an expression used 
 to children when peevish crying "you 
 are a cat" (to put tliem to shame); a- 
 lyU myan-bo di-o the cat is coming (to 
 frighten them); a-lyu lik to mew myan- 
 myan; a-lyii vo/l a swarm of cats; a-lyii 
 sop to spit (as a cat). 
 
 *a-sar T. u-tsa-rya Skt. '^T^T'Sf i. s. of 
 foreign, foreigner. 
 
 ak (see «/fc) vh. to pluck up, to set in 
 motion, to take off (as shoes or cap), to 
 extract as a thorn, liu-yii ¥u'i-ta Vor-lo- 
 pdn ak-liiii he took off their chariot- 
 wheels Ex. 
 
 an s. a hole in wood, roof, cloth etc. 
 ail non to become full of holes; a-li(t 
 an din to be perverse; mik-gruii aii mat 
 (tears) to stand in eyes; see sak ait. — 
 
 Deriv. a-ait adj having a hole. — tu- 
 aii or t'am-aii s. anything having a liole, 
 Tbr. pudendum muliebre, td-ayii-ka piin- 
 jen-sd UH-rem yiim fo-li/ii td-an-ka Idk bi- 
 so-yam-o molten iron must be poured 
 into the yoni of the adulteress (in hell) P. 
 dyaii vb. t. to make a hole, cep-Mn ayaii. 
 
 aii-ga s. the child of a great man, a 
 young gentleman or lady. 
 
 *an-gi s. [T. an-gi., an-ki Skt. atika] 
 figures, numerals, an-gi kydp vb. to count, 
 an-gi-sd ydn-tdn the science of number, 
 arithmetic. 
 
 an din adj. abusive, wrangling; see 
 under din 3. 
 
 at i. q. at. 
 
 at, ta-at-la, ta-at-ta or ta-at tet in great 
 
 numbers, quantities, so as to dazzle eyes, 
 a-mik nyo td-at tet or td-at-ld byi vb. the 
 eyes to be dazzled by great numbers P. 
 See under a-mik. 
 
 an-td s. a plank, a board; an-to pd- 
 brut-ld a rough board; an-to flak vb. to 
 make planks; an-to blyon crooked board; 
 an-to rik vb. to board, to place boards; 
 an-to lap vb. to board; an-to lan-nd lin- 
 r'ld mat vb. to start, being badly laid 
 down; an-to hyel-ld hyel a smooth board. 
 — an-to muk a spec. Nicotiana M. 
 
 an-df explet. f. an-zo q v. 
 
 an-zo s. oppression, an-zo an-di id., 
 an-zo an-di mat-bo a priest, a doctor, a 
 spec, of miin; an-zo a7i-di miin ascetics; 
 an-zo mat vb. to oppress; an-zo sak-cin 
 to meditate oppression or deceit. 
 
 an-tsu s. a block on which meat is cut. 
 
 ap s. a lump or piece of; — vb. to form 
 into a ball, s. wringing out as water from 
 a cloth, i. q. kd-kydr-ld q. cfr. — a-ap 
 adj. formed into a ball. 
 
 am s, food for a child or helpless 
 person, am bi vb. to feed a child or 
 helpless person; am-bi s. is applied in- 
 correctly for a mango being the Hindi 
 word '%'W\ Mangifera indica, see kd-for 
 kuii. — am mat vb. to swallow. 
 
 am-kydp s. mailing; fixing anything 
 into the wall. 
 
 al new see «7. 
 
 al-bo: inik al-bo easily affected to tears. 
 
 f 1. s. the smallest spec, of bee, that 
 makes its cells in trees; see dyi. 
 
 i 2. f-m (cans, jit q. v.) a-m s. fine dust, 
 w^hich adheres to grains of mon. — td-i 
 s. powder of anything, meal, flour, zo 
 td-i s. rice-flour, kd-cer td-i s. wheaten 
 flour, kyo td-i s. barley-flour or meal, kun 
 td-i s. wood-dust, td-i zuk vb. to powder, 
 to pulverize, to grind. 
 
 f 3. vb. (cans, of «, a q. v.) to warm (as 
 water) not to boiling point, uii lirum i 
 vb. to warm water; un Id-lyu i vb. to 
 make the water tepid; zo i vh. to warm 
 i-ice; — to toast, Uu i vb. to toast bread. 
 
 1 4. for uyit, i lot i. q. dyit lot. 
 
 28* 
 
442 
 
 f— im 
 
 im-bi— un 
 
 I 5. (not corr. for wi q. v.) to be me- 
 lancholy, to be lonely. 
 
 f f an exclam. of warning, fear: beware, 
 take care. — tiin-i a. warning to a person 
 in danger of falling: take care! 
 
 i-t'il explet. to son-idl q. v. 
 *i-d6 see wu-du, wu-do. 
 
 i-brii, i-bro see ayup-ro, aye-bro s. a 
 contrivance for milking restive cows. 
 
 i-So s. a spec, of dock (Rumex). 
 
 fk vb. to spread out as legs; a-fon ik 
 non the legs are spread out, to straddle; 
 bik tun-gren ik non the cow's hoof to be 
 spread out. 
 
 ik adv. more, still more, hd-yu tsu-sd 
 ik a-hldk nyi-ldn-ka that they might have 
 it (life) more abundantly J.; further, yet, 
 more again, other, another, and; — or, 
 see under nyo; ik a-mo fd-bdk-ka bam nyi 
 he is again in his mother's womb, said 
 of any ignorant or foolish person; — 
 ik-kd id. — ik kat once again, ik katdyom 
 on another occasion; — ik kam a little 
 more, ik kam md-mydn-ne it is not quite 
 ripe; — ik gun once again, yet more, i. q. 
 ik lot (or: to return again); — ik cid-ld 
 still further down; — ik tiil-ld still further 
 up ; — ik da yet more, ik da ik more and 
 more, again and again ; — ikpyil-Id further, 
 Un hum ik pyil-ld ma md-fcun-nvn-sd etc. 
 and when she could not longer hide him 
 etc. Ex. — ik Id again; — ik lot see ik 
 gun; — ■ ik zon gdh i. q. sd-ron tok now- 
 a-days, if it be as now; — ik zd after- 
 wards; — ik sdn-te up to the present 
 time, yet, still, hd-yu ik sdh-te zu bam- 
 pu ndk-sdn-ka non-kon-nd le let me go 
 .... and see whether they be yet alive 
 Ex.; — ik-sa i. q. ik sdn-te. 
 
 in i. q. dyen. 
 
 ft i. q. dyit (dung), it-fyok see tuk-nyom; 
 sd-kyor (^dy)U-fy6k s. a spec. Gryllus. 
 
 fn for dyen, vb. to cry, to whine, to be 
 peevish. 
 
 fn-kra see dyin-kra. 
 
 fp contract, fr. dyep q. v., ip ndk see 
 dyep ndk; tun-ip explet. to tiin-bor. 
 
 im vb. n. to be stale and musty, ci no- 
 
 ba mon im bam. gdh ci kri-io in making 
 chi, if the millet be musty, the chi will 
 be bitter. 
 
 im-bi i. q. dyiim-bi see under Urn. 
 
 f[ (see dyHl) i. q. son vb. t. to toast, 
 to roast M. 143; mi-ka il-lUn roast with 
 fire Ex. See also i. 
 
 u 1. vb. to take out as thorn, jdt-niin 
 jv, m; 2. u, a-ii s.: ryiim-ii s. eye of 
 needle etc. 
 
 -un postp. forms the pres. p., if the vb. 
 ends in a consonant, the final cons, is 
 reduplicated, if the vb. ends in a vowel 
 -w- is inserted: mat-tUn, zuk-ki/h, si-w- 
 uh etc. kd-sii vo-rem lyo-wUh-re rin a-ciim- 
 a it is a small matter that thou hast 
 taken away my husband? G. 
 
 ut vb. to be dissatisfied, to turn up one's 
 nose at (at a thing which one considers 
 to be too insignificant for him to accept) 
 or to be disproportionate to his services; 
 k&m fd-li lyo-ba-re md-Ht-ne-sdn k&m td- 
 rdk t'op-ba vi if he had received only four 
 rupees, he would have been content, when 
 he got six, he was dissatisfied; sap-si horn 
 fd-li Ht-liin lot non the servant turning 
 up his nose at four rupees wages went 
 away. 
 
 un conj. and, then, what then, what 
 else, still more, yet, "and"' combines 
 sentences as opp. to sd q. v. Un ay. liu 
 do bo-sd not-ka bam-bo lyah k. lyah-ka 
 ■nan and J. dwelt in the land wherein his 
 father was a stranger in C. G.; go sd- 
 roh a-do a-dop jam-md-ka o-ba-nvn liik- 
 pdn sd-non-ka t'am-cdn pHr-tak-bo sd a- 
 don sd f am- can nok-bo rel-ld fin sd-ar-pan 
 sd-non-ka tam-cdn a-ddn sd piir-tak-bo 
 rel-ld ran-so mat-san-ka pl6h-ld non-so 
 I will pass through all thy flock to-day 
 removing from thence all the speckled 
 and spotted cattle, and all the brown 
 cattle among the sheep, and the spotted 
 and speckled among the goats G.; — 
 un-gdh and then, after that, sd-roh kat 
 luk kat so yu-so Un gdh so sa noh-so to- 
 day and to-morrow it will rain, after 
 that it will be fair; md-ro-re a-mo tu- 
 
urn— ul 
 
 hdk-ka co Id-vo kd-ti td-bdk sd-gon-ka bam 
 un gdfi gyek-lun md-ro md-zu pld man 
 lives for ten months in the womb of his 
 mother, after that he issues forth in 
 person ; un-go-run still however, a-bo-nun 
 li-wun sdk-kun a-kup md-nyin-nd gdn a- 
 kup jdn-so un go-run a-bo-niin kyon-dyit 
 a-tim sak-cin bam if the son does not 
 attend to the admonitions of his father, 
 he will grow bad, still however the father 
 feels the greatest compassion. 
 
 um 1. vb. to be nice, to be savoury, 
 to be delicious, to be agreeable to taste 
 or feelings; um-pa it is nice M. 52; um- 
 mvh-ka sd-fa-ld mok-sd md-nyin-nun-sd 
 un water the pleasantness of which is 
 never diminished or exhausted; a-nyor- 
 ka sd-re li bam um-bo re o-re zdk which- 
 ever is agreeable to the ear, that is 
 correct. — 
 
 a-um adj. delicious, delightful; s. flavour, 
 taste. — 
 
 i/m-uvi adj. delicious. 
 
 uyvm, vm 1. vb. to soften Uyek ayum; 
 2. to lay fruits, to ripen; 3. to be shady 
 so ayum; 4. to be glorious, to be 
 splendid; — dyvm bi s. the green scum 
 that collects on water, eaten by Lepcha's 
 un ayum. — 
 
 a-dyvm a-non s. splendour; a-uyum a- 
 non tap vb. to glorify. 
 
 Dm 2. vb. to receive into mouth with- 
 out swallowing, a-bon-ka vm; a-bon ihn 
 to hold the hand before th.e mouth to 
 restrain laughter. inn-Uln tydn vb. to laugh 
 inwardly. — tun um speaking to a baby: 
 drink; 
 
 ur ,1. adj. brown; yellowish brown J., 
 t'o vr brown colour; a-tsom iir brown 
 hair; zo vr rice when ripening, turned 
 brown. — 
 
 kd-ur-Id grey or red and white said 
 of hair, also of rice when half ripe. 
 
 ur 2. c. obliq. from dr, see dr e. c. 
 ur-ren i. q. dr-ren. 
 
 ul vb. to sell P. ho ul-sdn-d will you 
 sell it; sd-tet-ka ul-Mi)-d for how much 
 will you sell it; vl-sdn-bo adj. for sale; 
 
 u— uk 
 
 44.3 
 
 iil-sdn-bo a is it for sale. — iil-bo s. a 
 trader J. 
 
 u 1. vb. t. to parch (grain), to fry 
 (meat); — un vb. to be parched, un-kon 
 vb. to cause to be parched; kiin-tson un- 
 nd have the maize parched; — a-un; 
 u-fom-bo parched. 
 
 u 2. s. a spec, palm Wallichia densi- 
 flora M., Wtt. W. 6. Wallichia oblongi- 
 folia Hooker I, 143 n. 
 
 *u 3. in conip. also u-m s. T. dbu hon. 
 i. q. a-fyak the head; pd-no u the king's 
 head; *u-krd T. dbu-skra hair of the h.; 
 *M-/ie T. dbu-rnas pillow; *u-cen T. dbu- 
 can i q. a-fyak nyim-bo; *u-can T. dbu- 
 Ican a hair-tail of h.; u-jo i. q. *u-sd; *u- 
 t'on T. dbu-fod turban; *u-met T. dbu-m^d 
 i, q. a-fyak 7nd-nyin-num-bo ; u-so T. dbu- 
 zwa headdress, cap; *um-zddT. dbu-mdsad 
 a headchief, a master. 
 
 *u-du, wu-du T. yi-dvags s. hunger, star- 
 vation; the demon of poverty, wretched- 
 ness, u-du non vb. to be exhausted, to be 
 worn out, u-di) zdk vb. to be forelorn. 
 See i-do, yi-do, icu-do. 
 
 *u-tsu T. "ud-"^ s. hightalk, bombast, 
 oppression, u-tsii mat vb. to bully, to 
 oppress, u-tsii nyim-bo adj. bully, oppres- 
 sive. 
 
 *u-su T. 'u-su s. coriander-seed. 
 
 u-Si an exclamation of weariness. 
 
 u-Sdp or u-Sdp tuk-pum s. a spec, of owl 
 Himalayan wood-owl, Syrnium nivicolum 
 ace. W. kashi-op tuk-pum R. 205. ; u-sop- 
 ka lydk to be transformed into ditto. 
 
 u-a an expression of disgust. 
 
 uk vb. to feel shame, to be ashamed, 
 im num-sim-nyo sd hu yii re nyiim td-gryuk 
 bam-ld md-uk-ne and they were both 
 naked, the man and his wife and were 
 not ashamed G. ; uk-kun or uk-sdh md- 
 fyak-ne to have no shame; uk-kHn-sd dyok 
 a shameful action; uk-bo adj. shameful, 
 shamefaced; uk-ydm-bo adj. one who feels 
 shame. — uk-fap vb. to make ashamed, 
 to cause to blush. — a-uk adj. shame- 
 ful, disgraceful, a-uk riii a disgraceful 
 language. 
 
444 
 
 *uk-tan kok— un 
 
 un 
 
 *uk-tan k6k s, a spec, of wild cat? M. 
 ace. Graham Sandberg T. "-wdk-clo/i Ira" 
 {'og-sdon lea) Tibetan racoon or ret cat- 
 bear, Ailurus ochraceus. 
 
 un s. 1. water un vyon id. M. 136, 
 lion, cop T. mb, Tbr.: tiir-jdm-mo M. 131; 
 
 — see also da; — mi sd-dyak s. Monday 
 M. 140; — un-sd a-Uit salt (old Lepcha 
 language.); — un-ka ham-bo s. a liver in 
 the water; un-ka fdt-ka bam-bo s. an 
 amphibious animal. 
 
 un ko thick, muddy water, un ko da 
 to be thick with mud; — un kri s. salt- 
 water, sea-water; — uii-no s. stale water; 
 
 — un jam-md jam-md shallow water; — 
 un pd-blyot-ld insipid water, as water 
 after being boiled; — un fu red ferru- 
 gineous water, mineral water; — un bop 
 muddy, not clear water; — un brak shallow 
 water; — un bryen a ford or fordable 
 water; — un mak water just below where 
 it has been led off; — un zum water 
 above where it has been led off, also a 
 spot where it comes again; — uii hiri-nd 
 liin-nd deep water; — un liydh cold water; 
 
 — un hryot shallow water, fordable; — 
 U7i sap shallow water; — wn dyem {or 
 dyuni) smooth water; — un dl s. fresh 
 water, not salt. — 
 
 un nom.: un nyun (water) to be deep; 
 un novi to stink, to have smell; uii bol 
 bol water to bubble up; uii tso (water) 
 to boil, uii isom boiling water; uii kar 
 kar hru to be boiling hot, uii lirum or 
 hrun hot water. — 
 
 uii accus. : un ito vb. to be thirsty J., 
 uii-iio gimi I am thirsty, uii-iiot s. thirst, 
 uii-not sak-jem-ld li vb. to quench thirst, 
 uii sak-gop sak-gop iio to have unquench- 
 able thirst; - uri cik iidk vb. to fathom 
 water; uii chn vb. to pour out water, as 
 from bottle into glass; uii nik vb. to 
 draw or fetch water as from well, uii- 
 cuk-bo a. a water-carrier; uii col vb. to 
 pour water over the body, md-sil pldii- 
 ka un col take a shower-bath; uii jam 
 vb. to dip under water, to plunge under 
 as clothes; wi nydr vb. (sediment) to 
 
 settle; uii t'dii vb. to drink water, un 
 t'dii-iiijii-sd dyok fi vb. to be reduced to 
 drink water alone, fdii-nun-sd uii drinking- 
 water; uii dyuk a-zom dyuk vb. to change, 
 to alter diet; uii tap vb. to sip water, 
 uii tap to vb. to flow very lightly; uii 
 dal vb. to pour water; uii nu vb. to suck 
 up water, as thro' reed, to absorb water 
 as cloth; uii fot vb. to sprinkle water; 
 uii bryen caii vb. to ford, to wade thro' 
 water; un myur vb. to dip, to plunge 
 into water; uii tser vb. to press out water; 
 uii hru-sdii-ka tsak vb. to place water on 
 fire to heat; uii Idk vb. to pour water; 
 uii lit vb. to overflow as pot; uii 16k vb. 
 to lap water as dog, uii 16k-lvii fdii to 
 lap, to drink by lapping; uii I6n bu noit 
 vb. to lead w.; uii so vb. to fetch, to 
 carry w., uii so-bo s. a water-carrier; uii 
 sel vb. to be wet with w. — 
 
 uii locat.: uii-ka glo vb. to fall into 
 w., uii-ka kydl-ld kyol-ld glo vb. to fall, 
 to plump into w., uii-ka plydk-ld glo vb. 
 to fall plump, to souse into w.; uii-ka 
 plyuii vb. to float on water; uii-ka fa 
 vb. to swim on w. ; uii-ka dun dun li 
 vb. water to taste unpleasant. — 
 
 uii agens: uii-niin tyiik liroh vb. to 
 leap as fish; uii-ni/n dl vb. to wash as 
 plate, to rinse. 
 
 2. water i. e. running water, river T. 
 cu W. 50. uii-mo the greater r., uii-kiip 
 the lesser r. see under riiii-nyet uii etc.; 
 uii-mo giin-sd a-tsun the ocean Tbr.: uii 
 kd-ti nydt t'ap-sd a-tstin; uii ti\\i. to rise, 
 to swell, to increase, as river; uii lydp 
 lydp da mat yh. to be agitated; un noh: 
 uii cet-luii noil vb. (water) to flow with 
 violence, iiii ndk-kiiii noii vb. to flow 
 impetuously, uii brd-zd-ld ndii vb. streams 
 running in many directions, uii myi(r)-rd 
 myiQr^-rd noii vb. to flow gently, uii hal- 
 Id hul-ld noil vb. water to go curling 
 along; un pld: uii pvr-lijii pld vb. to ooze 
 out, uii bol pld vb. to spring up (as 
 fountain); uii yii: uii (yol-ld (yol-ld yu 
 vb. to come rushing down, uii fyol-ld 
 mol yii vb. to flow in torrents, uii niir-rd 
 
un 
 
 un 
 
 445 
 
 nur-rd yii vb. to flow gently; uii Ifin vb. 
 water to be spilt; un hril vb. (water) to 
 flow with rapidity and violence, to be 
 unfordable; uii sap vb. to dry up, as 
 river etc.; un cir-rd cir dm vb. to shine 
 brightly; tin ce^ vb. 1. to stop the course of 
 water, 2. (water) to cease to flow; un powvb. 
 to dam up w. ; un dydl vb. to lead away 
 w. ; un-nun bit, non to be carried away by 
 w. ; un kyan-non (water) to be frozen; — 
 
 3. fluid, juice, pvn-jen-sd uii yiim molten 
 iron. 
 
 4. spernia genitale viri aut mulioris, 
 kvf-cot-uh see kvip. 
 
 Compounds: uh ku-ju s. the large crested 
 black and white kingfisher, "water-dog", 
 Ceryle guttata M., R. 206., Je. 234. — un 
 kin s. the sides of river. — un kip s. small 
 branches of river. — un kyon s. a stream, a 
 river, uii kyoic kup s. a rivulet, uic kyoii- 
 su a-ram or a-bdii the source of river, 
 uii-kyoii-sd a-tsiin s. confluence of rivers, 
 uii-kyoii krul s. the bed of river, uii-kyoit 
 kruii s. a river running between two 
 high banks. — ?/« krul s. the bed of 
 river. — un klip s. the banks above 
 water. — uii gy'in s. the stream, uii gydii 
 lol-ld noil to follow the stream. — un 
 gyul s. a pool, a puddle. — uii cim fo 
 s. a spec, of king-fisher, the "water- 
 Sasia", Alcedo bengalensis M., R. 206, Je. 
 230. — uii cum a. a water-channel, also 
 perhaps the surface, uit-cum-ka noii to 
 flow on or near the surface. — uii coii 
 rUm s. a species dragon-fly. — un jdk 
 or jok s. the remains of water. — uii jop 
 s. a marsh, swamp, bog. — uit jom adj. 
 damp, marshy. — uii faii s. a bent of 
 river. — uii blot s. a small intermittent 
 (flowing from rain) spring. — uii td-byvp 
 or td-byum s. a water-bubble. — uii tdii 
 s. (see tail') in opp. to uii ram q. v. the 
 tipper country, the springs, uii tdii lol-ld 
 noil to follow the stream or rather to go 
 in direction, whither stream flows. — 
 uii tak-cdp s. a whirlpool. — uii tiik-pol 
 s. a moat. — uii fvk-vuk s. a pool, a 
 puddle. — nil tvk-vor s. a drain, a ditch. 
 
 — uii tHk-sot a. a waterfall, a cascade. 
 
 — uii tii.ii-g\jeii s. a bamboo drinking-cup. 
 
 — uii tun-brik (or tHii-brip q. v.) s. a 
 water -fowl, ace. W. "-ung ta-brik" the 
 "brick" calling water- eater" Ceryle 
 rudis R. 20G. — uii tuit-bret-fo i. q. uii 
 siih-b.-fo. — uii dd s. a lake, a sea M. 81, 
 n. pr. of a lake: the kdld-pokhrt of the 
 Nepali's W. 61, uii dd-sd bo-gok s. the 
 foam of sea; uii dd-sd td-vaiii s. the abyss 
 of the sea, un dd-sd diii a. the depth, 
 the profundity of the sea, nii dd-sd 7ivw- 
 hon s. the waves of sea, uii dd-sd tsilk- 
 ka the sea in tempest, uii dd-sd a-kiii s. 
 the seashore, uii dd-sd a-jinn. s. the spray, 
 uii-dd-sd a-jiim m the spray flys, uii dd- 
 sd a-hor a. the surge, uii dd-sd soii-iid 
 soii-iid sut the roaring of the sea. — uii 
 niim-bori kiir-ydk fo a. the brown water- 
 ouzel, Hydrobata asiatica M., Je. 506. — - 
 uh pu-ti fo a. species of water-stone- 
 chat. — uii pd-tek a. a "water-holder", 
 applied to the Asaphus genus (amphibious 
 crustaceans). — un pd-dam a. a bamboo 
 for holding water. — uii pum a. place 
 where streams branch off. — uii mar s. 
 a perpetual spring, not intermittent. — 
 uii mor ti-tdp fo white-capped redstart 
 Chimarrhornis leucocephalus — uii tsini 
 a. confluence of rivers. — uii dyvm, uii 
 Id-dyiim s. glitter of water. — uii raw 
 a. a spring, uii ram lyaii-pdii cu zoii a- 
 dum, uii tdii-pdii sd-ryo tdii nok, nan lyaii 
 bar-pdii sd-gor siik-nu the country of 
 springs is white like unto the snowy 
 mountains, the low country is a dense 
 dark forest, the middle country is com- 
 posed of steep precipices. — uii lap s. 
 1. a well, 2. n. pr. of a L. village W. 72. 
 uii luk-nyO, a water-rat see kd-lok; — uii 
 liin-nyu w.- shrew; — uii Bii-miii a. a 
 rush, a reed, more specially mare's tail 
 Hippuris vulgaris; — uii 16m w.-course. 
 — uii hor surge, swell-tide, uii-hor-nvn 
 ram (bank) to be undermined by s. — 
 uii hrol a. a mountain-torrent. — un siiii- 
 kydn pd-laii fo a. ruddy kingfisher. — uii 
 suii-vo a. a dragon-fly, see siip-naii ; — uii 
 
446 
 
 ut— em 
 
 -0-0 
 
 sum s. steam, vapour; — un sum-cit-fo 
 s. black-backed forktail, Hernicurus ma- 
 culatus, un sum-cen-fo s. a spotted species 
 of Hernicurus, un sum-hret-fo s. short- 
 tailed forktail, Hernicurus scouleri. — 
 un sum s. a stream of rain. — un s6l a s. 
 rushing torrent, an intermittent spring. 
 
 Deriv. a-un s. the water in which meat 
 has been boiled. — See mun-un. 
 
 ut vb. to castrate mon ut to c. pig. 
 
 un see u 1. 
 
 up sun s. tape-worm. See hu. 
 
 urn adj. small applied to mat, ta-lu um 
 a small, a short m. 
 
 um: tur-um-mo Thr. rice. 
 
 um i. q. hum vb. to coax. 
 
 *um-zat see under u. 
 
 *ul T. dbul (-ba), 'bul{-ba) vb. to ask 
 for anything, to request, to demand, to 
 solicit, to beg; — ul-bo s. a beggar J. 
 — ul-ydl adj. persuasive, ul-ydl-bo a per- 
 suasive person; ul-ydl rin p. language; 
 ul-ydl-ka glyot to overcome by persuasion; 
 ul-ydl mat vb. persuade. 
 
 e 1. excl. ah!, e su-sd a-ddk kd pu oh! 
 what sickness can it be, e ho ah you! a 
 rough way of addressing a person, also 
 expression of anger, e. c. e a-re zdn-sd 
 uyok-ka fi-wun-re how could any one be- 
 have so. — 2. affixed forms a precative 
 e. c. na-e let us go, do let us go, U-e 
 speak, diin-e do tell; — 3. c. -td i. q. 
 -pu, kd-siJ. td-gri kup-sd ko-re nun-go-tu-e 
 it is my son's coat G. 37. 33. — 4. pre- 
 fixed with a affixed to a noun forms the 
 vocative case as e a-bo a o father, e a- 
 kvp-pa son. 
 
 e for ayit (infantile language}, e mat 
 vb. i. q. (hjit lot. 
 
 ek vb. to crop, to move hands or feet 
 up and down, a-kd ek vb. to gesticulate; 
 w. reduplic. dk-ek q. cfr. — ciyek vb. to 
 reap, to wriggle as body, to modulate 
 voice; to pinch i. q. cak. — a-uyek s. the 
 cutting of grain, a-uyek tu-tsdt s. the 
 harvest-time. 
 
 eh see dyen. 
 
 em s. green corn? M. 
 
 -0 1. postp. particle, affixed to verbs 
 M. Gr. 51 cfr. T. 'o, see also -yam-o, 
 -yam-md-o, -md-o, -sd-o; emphat. in s. of 
 -pa. — 2. postp. affixed forms 2nd 
 person sing, or plural imperative as 
 nydn to attend to, nydn-o or nydti-nd-o 
 attend thou or ye; rin bu lot di-o bring 
 me word again G.; it is also sometimes 
 used as precative or polite form of speech, 
 also as optative. — 3. c. c. -td: negat. 
 -td-o q. cfr. 
 
 1. exclamat. as in throwing anything: 
 there take (see o 2.); yes, o con con yes 
 allright. 
 
 2. pron. there, o-re that (remote) 
 opp. a q. v., nam that year, o nyi-lun 
 under those circumstances — 
 
 o-l'u adv. there below, down there M. 
 72. — o-tat adv. i. q. o-tet. — o-tet (o- 
 tydi) adv. thus much, many, long, far; o- 
 tet-ka in the mean time, in that way, as 
 much as, thereupon etc. M. 44. 144; o- 
 tet-ka bam nyi in the same way as be- 
 fore, neither better nor worse; o-tet fi-ka 
 at that period, o-tet-sd pa-ka in the mean 
 time, during that time ; o-tet I6k o-tet lat 
 to come in as first as it goes out; o-tet 
 sdn-te still, yet; adhuc J. — o-fa adv. 
 then, at that time, aya o-ta in those 
 former times; o-fa a-byek-ka during that 
 interval. — o-{an adv. there above, (a 
 short way) M. 72. — o-t'u above, up 
 above, there M. 72. — o-fi just there, in 
 that direction, thither M. 72. o-fi c6n-ld 
 ren-nd sa go yo gdn ho o-fi md-v6n-nd tet 
 go -111 Id zuk md-Kun-ne haste thee, escape 
 thither; for I cannot do anything till thou 
 be come thither G. o-ba adv. there M. 71; 
 o-ba-nun from thence, then, after that; 
 o-ba-ka thither. — o-bi adv. there (more 
 definite than o-ba), in that place; o-bi 
 da mak non to die on the spot, o-bi-nun 
 mat-ba i. q. a-re-niin viat-ba, o-bi md-cik- 
 ne to make no distinction in a place, o- 
 bi-ren therefore. — o-bon adv. on that 
 side M. 72, on the other side. — o-re 
 pron. that, o-re-niin from that, then, 
 after; o-re-niin gun after that, afterwards; 
 
-0 nyd 
 
 tson— on 
 
 447 
 
 o-re-nun tal-ld more than that; o-re-niin 
 nam sam n&h-nun-sa three years after that; 
 o-i'e-nvn myil-ld less than that or below 
 that; o-re-niin mat-ba or o-re-niin mat- 
 Zm'« after that, there, thereupon, therefore; 
 o-re-nun-ren i. q. o-re-ren; o-re-nun rel-ld 
 from thence, henceforward; o-re-niin a- 
 lem from thence, henceforth; o-re-ren 
 since that, from thence; o-re-ren non-ba 
 when he went from thence; o-re-len than 
 that; o-re-len a-lum or o-re-len har-rd 
 rather than that; o-re-sd Z_i/aw-Aa there- 
 upon; o-re gdn if it is that, if so; in that 
 case; o-re-ba there, that there; o-re do 
 that very; be it so; let it be so; o-re do- 
 nun on that very account; o-re zoh like 
 that; o-re hu that same, that person. — 
 o-lem adv. in that way, in that direction 
 M. 72. — o-lo adv. that manner, that 
 way, so M. 73 ; o-lo md-yot-tun-o say not 
 so; o-lo mat do thus, to that effect; o-lo 
 mat li to speak to that effect; o-lo gdit if 
 it be so, if that be the case; jpak-kd o- 
 lo gdr'i a-yu a-re mat-td if it must be so 
 now, do this Gr., o-lo da, o-lo do in that 
 very way, even so ; o-lo-ha at that time ; 
 o-lo-bo thus, in that way; o-lo ydn-sd 
 lyan-ka thus upon; o-lo-yo thus in that 
 manner; o-lo-ld or o-lol-ld in that direc- 
 tion; — o-lon adv. that side or direction; 
 
 — o-lom adv. in that manner; o-lom nun- 
 iir't under those circumstances; o-lom 
 
 non-dydt-sdn when he was just about to 
 become so; o-lom bam-bdn (affairs) being 
 in that manner; — o-lol-ld i. q. o-lo-ld; 
 
 — o-l6n i. q. o-lon; — o-su adv. there 
 below (not far); o-su lem in the direction 
 there below. 
 
 3. with nyor adj. a-nyor o slow of 
 hearing. 
 
 4., a-0 adj. half-ripe (as fruitj, green 
 (as corn). 
 
 ta-dyol see under td-dyol. 
 
 nyi-ldp or o nyo-lop s. a shriib. 
 
 nyo §i vb. to be phlegmatic, o nyo 
 ai-sd md-ro s. a phlegmatic person. 
 
 nyd s. 1. importunity, pressing soli- 
 citation; 2. aspiration, desire, td-se-sd 
 
 rill nyo nyi-nun-o to Padmasambhava's 
 instruction have groat regard, desire ar- 
 dently P. 
 
 *0 tsoii T. btson s. onion. 
 
 o-re see o 2. 
 
 lak-fo or O I5k-f0 s. a crow, see or- 
 fo Idk-fo etc. under lok-fo. 
 
 o-lo, o-lon, o-lom see o 2. 
 
 hak exclam. of joy as on receiving 
 anything. 
 
 se se exclam. a deprecatory ex- 
 pression: do not, do not; forbear, forbear. 
 
 ok vb. t. to row, to move»as by oars, 
 nd-var-sd td-li-niin ok-lun ku; — to draw 
 (as water, wine) J., to take up as with 
 spoon, to ladle; — to abrade as skin 
 hld-lun a-fun ok to fall and abrade the 
 skin ; a-dom ok lat to sponge on you Tbr. 
 
 ok tsd s. bellow^ing as bull, ok tso kyop 
 vb. to bellow. 
 
 on see dn, sak-oh i. q. sak{-cin) a-dum 
 q. cfr. — fyak-on the white skull of head; 
 — tun-on s. a spec, of drone. — on-hd 
 oh-hd i. q. dn-nd dn-hd. See also on 2. 
 
 ot vb. to fall off, said of hair, kd-ju 
 gok-nim mat-ba myal ot-non the dogs hair 
 fell off thro' mange. 
 
 on 1. s. a horse M. 24. explet. yok, 
 mon-gu a-bon gryom-ho an old pig's mouth 
 bound Tbr., T. rta. — the name of a 
 cycle of years on nam M. 141. — on a- 
 gdt s. a vicious h.; on con s. a swift h.; 
 on siin-miit len con swifter than the winds; 
 on nyen s. a gentle h.; on zotl a good 
 spirited h.; on rd s. a wild h.; on guiik 
 vb. to gallop; on dd/i bam vb. to trot; 
 on vyer the horse neighs; on tyu vb. to 
 train or break in a horse, on-tyu-bo s. a 
 horse-breaker M. 99.; on tul\h. to ride 
 on horse, on ful-bam-bo s. a rider, one 
 riding on horseback; on sat vb. to clean 
 h. ; on-niin flut vb. to fall from h.; on- 
 niin yet vb. to alight from h.; on pldn-ka 
 lorn vb. to travel on horseback; on ndk-bo 
 a groom i. q. *ta-pdn q. cfr.; on l6n-bo i q. 
 on ndk-bo. 
 
 Comp. on-kiip s. a foal, a pony. — 
 on-kre s. a mule. — on-go s. a saddle. 
 
448 
 
 on— ol 
 
 -0 — "on 
 
 on-go kyop vb. to saddle horse, on-go fyol 
 vb. to unsaddle, on-go kep s. a saddle- 
 cloth put over saddle, on go yop s. a 
 stirrup, on go yof fuk s. the stirrup-strap, 
 on go liik s. a saddle-tree, on gd lo dam 
 s. a saddle-girth; on nyor s. horse-ear, 
 on nyor lop s. a species of tree with 
 large thorny leaf i. q. sd-hron q. v., nydn 
 on nyor a horse's ear, nydn on nyor lop 
 a species of nettle, the devil's leaf Ur- 
 tica (Laportea) crenulata; — on nyi lop 
 for on nyor Up; — on td-ram li s. a shed 
 for horse; -^ on ta-ka s. a horse's shoe; 
 — on -Cut s a horse's hoof, on tut plyok 
 vb. to pare hoof; — on tvr-ji i. q. on tur- 
 bum; — on tur-bum i. q. on Id-fii,; — 
 on-tyu T. -rteu a colt; — on pe-rU s. a 
 manger; — on-bo s. a stallion M. 27.; — 
 on-bu s. 1. a stallion also 2. a horse-load, 
 on bii-sd kom a horse-loa(i of money, much 
 money; — on-mot s. a mare; — on-tsiit 
 s. a plume affixed to head; — on-tson 
 s. the mane; — on-zot s. pasture for h.; 
 on Id-fu s. a bell attached to horse's neck; 
 on-li s. a stable; — on-hre s. a manger. 
 
 on (see also under on) s. the skull 
 tyak 071, {yak on-ron, t'yak on-sok see 
 under t'yak. 
 
 on ndp s. a spec, of weevil. 
 
 op vb. to be false, to impose upon, to 
 defraud, to lie; — s. falsehood, error, 
 deception. 
 
 om 1. vb. to suppurate, to inflame as 
 sore. 
 
 om 2. all, every, M lok om-ka a-lom 
 li (he) charged all his people saying; 
 om-md adv. wholly, entirely, completely, 
 bodily, en masse, om-md bi vb. give all. 
 See um-md dm-md. 
 
 or 1. vb. to furbish, to smooth, to 
 polish, to rub over, to smear. 
 
 or 2. vb. to be overfermented: « or- 
 non. — num-or-mo s. Tbr. boiled rice. 
 
 or-fo l6k-fo s. (oldL.) the crow (a-)ldk-fo. 
 
 ol 1. vb. to sprain (as ancle), kd dom 
 ol bam his thumb is sprained, said of 
 husband whose wife is with child Tbr. 
 
 ol 2: ol kiir-don s. a spec, of plantain. 
 
 -d postp. (if preceded by a consonant 
 the cons, is reduplicated, if by a vowel 
 -w- is inserted) with or without e before 
 the word forms the voc. c, e. c. e a-kup- 
 p6 son; td-ayu-wd o woman; e a-bo 6 
 or e a-bo-w6 o father. See -a 2. 
 
 6, d-m T. 'od cfr. *wa, *wdt; — om-bo 
 s. a shining thing, a light, adj. illumina- 
 ting; — a-om s. light as of sun (a-tsiir 
 a-6m') or candle; adj. bright as silver or 
 gold. — 6m om ndk vb. to stare at. 
 
 dk 1. vb. t. to open as door, mouth or 
 anything, hu kup for-ka ok-sdn (God) 
 opened her womb G.; to open the eyes 
 to make seeing, a-do mik sd-lom m,at 6k- 
 kun g6 how were thine eyes opened J.; 
 6k bi vb. to open the door, a-re-ka vyen- 
 ran-bo-nijin ok bi to him the porter openeth 
 J.; un Itd-nyi mik 6k-sdn and the eyes 
 of them both were opened G. 6k di vb. 
 to come open. — a-6k s. an opener or 
 something to open with a-6k mlo. 
 
 dk 2. — dy6k see under mydm. 
 
 dk 3. i. q. ciyek q. v., 6k-kd 6k-kd zig- 
 zag, as road; see also ak. 
 
 dfi 1. s. 1. a child M. 86; 6n-kvp id. 
 M. 100, 2. explet. to vyet a boy, slave, 
 td-gri 6n menservants G. 30, 43; — 6n 
 >d su-sd by6m bam reckoning children 
 and all; 6/1 td-gri (m.) and 6h td-dyii (f) 
 a child from 3 to about 10 years old; 
 6h fd-lyen (m.) and 6h niim-lym (f.) a 
 young person from about ten years old 
 to maturity; oii z6h s. a companion, com- 
 rade, fellow-workman 6n-z6n-sdn com- 
 panions. — 6n (ok s. childhood; — 6A 
 lot children in general sense. 
 
 *dn 2,. (fr. T. dbuii s. might, power, 
 potency see b&n 1.), vb. n. to be in the 
 power of, to be under the influence of, 
 to fall under the influence of, also to be 
 dumbfounded, ci a-gyap (dk gdn 6n-so 
 if you drink much ci, you will fall under 
 its influence, mun-imn on to be under 
 the influence of m. — 
 
 2. 6n or 6n-bo T. dban, dban-po, Skt. 
 ^f^'T s. the members of the body m«- 
 zu-sd 6/'i: 6n-bo t^6n-bo s. all the members 
 
6n— dp 
 
 op— ayan 
 
 449 
 
 of body complete; — 6n-ci i. q. bdn-ci T. 
 dban-ce; 6n-ci matyh. to commit yiolence, 
 to extort, 6n-ci mat-tun-sd oppressive 
 M. 100. — 6n du s. accumulation of power; 
 on-du tsu T. dban-du rise, *6n-du tsu lih 
 11. pr. name of place at Darjeeling; 6n- 
 du lin n. pr. name of place at Darjeeling. 
 — on-yat s. violence, oppression. — 
 
 2. s. a blessing (fr. T. dhan skyur), on 
 ka vb. to bless, on tsok bu ndn vb. to 
 carry away a blessing; on ts6n-bo adj. 
 blessed; — s. a rule, regulations i. q. 
 iem-po. 
 
 dn 3. 6n-ld or 6n-nd dn-nd dilemma, 
 perplexity, difficulty, dn-nd 6n-nd tsom 
 ndn to be undecided how to act, to be 
 awkward from not knowing how to act, 
 to be left in a strait, o-tet-ka nydt mu-ld 
 dn-nd tsdm-ndn-ne-yam-o the two were 
 possessed by these thoughts, they were 
 undecided P. 
 
 on yu s. the crested serpent-eagle, 
 Circaetus nepalensis. 
 
 dii ri s. a stone found in head etc. of 
 animals, bezoarstone. 
 
 dt vb. t. to unloose, as string, knot, 
 to unlade, to undress, diim dt to to un- 
 clothe, hd-yu-niin uy.-sd dum ko . . . rem 
 dt kit-lun they stript J. out of his coat 
 Gr.; hu hldm daw, go dt md-cok-ne whose 
 shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose 
 J ; to pluck as fruit, to open, as heart 
 or as hand, to be liberal, generous; to 
 agree, to come to terms. 
 
 dn vb. t, to clpanse cotton by tearing 
 it in pieces ki dn. 
 
 dp 1. vb. t. to discharge, e, c. to shoot 
 as with gun, bow, to fire off, dp nydn 
 id.; go hu kon dp I fired towards him M., 
 tsdn dp T. mdd 'pog-pa; dp ndn to be 
 divulged, to be spread as news, report, 
 smell, rays of light, a-tsiir a- dm -nun 
 tmkr-lat tsuk-kydr gun-nd dp-piin-re the 
 rays of light are spread over the whole 
 world P. rin dp vb. to spread news, to 
 declare; to give an edict P. 
 
 Cans, dydp vb. t. to despatch in all 
 directions. — num-dydp-mo i. q. dyit Tbr., 
 
 num-dydp-mo so ndn to go to ease nature. 
 
 — See micn-dp. 
 
 dp 2. vb. t. to card cotton, see dyok. 
 
 dm see d. 
 
 dr vb. t. to divide, to separate, as 
 persons or things, which are close to- 
 gether, dr-lun ndn vb. to go making one's 
 way thro' a crowd or a hedge. 
 
 dr-fo for o lak-fo; dr-fd Idk-fo a bird 
 mentioned in P, the crow, see Idk-fo. 
 
 dl vb. t. to spread out, to disclose, dl- 
 lun da vb. to lie spread out, as eagle, 
 man, carpet, at full length pd-blyd-ld; — 
 bum dl vb. to eructate; to exsude, to 
 evolve so-dl; to wash, to cleanse, as plate, 
 mouth, dish etc; — to sift, to try, rin 
 dl-lun vydtyh. to put a sifting question; 
 
 — to elucidate, make clear, expound, to 
 elicit, unfold, unravel, unriddle, resolve, 
 manifest; do dl-lun dun vb. to solve a 
 riddle; Tuidn dl-lun dun vb. to interpret 
 a dream. 
 
 a-dl s. cleaning, cleansing (as teeth, 
 vessels with water); trying, examining, 
 a-dl rin a sifting question. 
 
 Cans, dydl vb. t. to clear down trees, 
 to make a clearance, lyan dydl to cut 
 down the trees and jungle, to make a 
 clearance. 
 
 dl-fo see td-dl-fo. 
 
 °aya see under d 3. (Cans, of « 3.) 
 
 'HjkV. 1. see yak 1. 
 
 'aydk 2. 'ayak-ka 'aydk-ka ononi. imitative 
 sound, hik kiip dydk-kd uydk-kd lik (to 
 cackle). 
 
 ^ayak vb. t. to cross, as the hands at 
 the back, a-kd dydk dam to tie the hands 
 behind the back, mar dydk vb. to twist 
 the hands behind the back; hik pd-ku 
 dydk dam vb. to bind the wings of a 
 fowl together. See under *gyap. 
 
 'ayan vb t.,n. to strew; to lie in numbers, 
 tyan-mo-niin kHr-don uydn fo elephants 
 strew the plantains, md-rd ddk dydn da 
 the sick men lie in numbers. 
 
 'ayat see dt. 
 
 'aydn s. flour, fine powder. See d 3. 
 
 'ayan adv. formerly; see dya, dyo; — 
 
 29 
 
450 
 
 'aydn-na— aya 
 
 'ayak— *ayft, ft 
 
 a\)dn ma-nyin-nun-sd new, that which was 
 never before; — uydn-nd aydn-nd for- 
 merly, dydn{-nd)-ha or uydn-nd aydn-nd- 
 ba in days of yore, P. 
 
 Deriv. pd-aydn, sd-aydn and td-dydn 
 advly. last year, td-aydn-sd mat gdn nam 
 rywm-pa this year is fine, if compared 
 with last year; td-aydn kat or kat pd- 
 aydn two years ago. 
 
 'aydn-na see under d 3. 
 
 'ayan-ram-po-ti or dyin-ro-hu-ti n. pr. 
 name of a king of Hindustan, mentioned 
 in P. Skt. Indrabhuti T. bZan-po mcog. 
 
 'ayir, dydr-rd uydr-rd strutting, haughty, 
 pa-t6n uydr-rd uydr-rd mat vb. to strut 
 and swagger from pride. 
 
 "ayar see dr and ydr. 
 
 'ayar-so s. the rainy season, dydr-so 
 gun-so-ka in the rainy and fine (cold) 
 s.; dydr-so gun-so mat vb. to be 
 changeable; to-ka id uydr-so giin-so md- 
 nyin-nd mat gun-nd-ka a-ryum klo-ld 
 mat a-jdn klo-ld inat to no one is par- 
 tiality shown, every one obtains according 
 to his desires, good according to his good, 
 bad for bad. P. 
 
 'ayal vb. t. to lead away, to lead away 
 water un dydl; to break off Indian corn 
 from stalk; to entice, to allure; dydl kom 
 hyi vb. to entice away or corrupt by 
 money; pd-no-mum uydl to entice or 
 corrupt a great man by bribes; dydl bii 
 ndn 1. to entice away 2. to lead away 
 water; — i. q. dyor to be successful; — 
 dydl-bo i. q. myon-bo (experienced). 
 tun-uydl or num-uydl, tun-dydl-mo fire 
 Tbr. t.-d. t.-ban-mo id. See uyiiU 
 
 'aya adv. formerly, a long time ago, 
 anciently, M. 69.; see dydn, uyo, so. — 
 uya md-nyin-nun-sd that was not formerly; 
 uya zdn mat vb. to do as formerly; uya 
 myoh-bo adj. experienced, dyut uya myon- 
 bo one experienced in war; uya han md- 
 lat-nuii-re sd-ron lat returned to-day for 
 the first time; dya bydk-kiin-sd md-rd an 
 old connexion; dya a-gyek s. a former 
 life or birth; dya-sd a-gyit an ancient 
 family; uya-sd rin s. tradition; dya-ba 
 
 adv. in ancient days; dya dyit-ba in the 
 beginning. 
 
 sd-dya or td-dya adv. formerly, long ago. 
 
 'ayak 1. vb. n. to be choked, as from 
 water, smoke, or as in eating flour etc., 
 suffocated. 
 
 "ayak, 2. sa-'ayak s. a day of 24 hours, 
 consisting of sd-nyi and sd-nap (so-nap) 
 T. zag, uyak kat-tun uyak kat jdn-ld non 
 to get worse from day to day; dyak rel- 
 Id non-lun mak-kun-ka ndn-md-o to be 
 dying day by day P.; — days of the 
 week, in L. are as follows mi sd-dyak, 
 un sd-dyak, Idn sd-dyak, nyen sd-dyak, 
 sun-mut sd-dyak, fdt sd-dyak, pun-fyet sd- 
 uyak, but they are becoming almost ob- 
 solete, sd-uyak a-vyo the days observed 
 for mourning after death of relative, see 
 (a-^vyo; sd-dyak sd-dyak adv. daily, diur- 
 nally M. 71. 
 
 "ayan cans, of an q. v. 
 
 'ayan s. harsh flavour, neither sweet 
 nor sour. 
 
 'ayap vb. t. to cut a notch on the side 
 you wish the tree to fall, kun ceh-bo dyap 
 as opp. to nyop 2. — 
 
 a-dyap s. a cut in the opposite side 
 of the principal cut to enable the tree 
 to be more easily cut through, the prin- 
 cipal cut, said in opposition to a-buk 
 q. cfr. 
 
 'ayam 1. s. a pit-fall; — pur dyam s. a 
 mole, see under pur. — 2. advly: uyam- 
 Id covering ground, dyam-ld da or dyamr- 
 Id da or dyam mat ka or dyam-ld da vb. 
 to grow thick as muk dyam-ld Un jungle 
 to grow thick so as to cover ground. 
 
 'ayam 2. see yajn, yum (adhesive, oily). 
 
 'ayar s. difference; partiality dyar md- 
 nyin-ne 1. there is no difference, 2. im- 
 partiality. 
 
 °ayf s. name of spec, of small bee, 
 see i 1. 
 
 'ayft, ft (see jit, ji, pyi, e), s. the dung 
 of man or animal, excrement, feces, dyit 
 kren vb. to strain at stool. — dyit cup 
 vb. to restrain the call of nature. — 
 dyit jit pd-on-ka so md-lel-ne not to be 
 
'ayit 
 
 ayin— ayum 
 
 451 
 
 able to ease nature. — ayit tin, fat bii. 
 non to be interrupted in stool. — ayit lot 
 or kum blih i. q. pi mat vb. Tbr.; ayit 
 a-tydk lot vb. to have scanty stool; ayit 
 dU-cen lot vb. to pass stool with pain and 
 shrinking as in dysentery; a-fyak-ka ayit 
 lot vb. litly. to make dirt on the head: 
 a very contemptuous expression ; ayit tsup 
 lot vb. to have rupture or perhaps blind 
 piles; ayit a-kok I6t vb. to have hard stool, 
 ayit sa vb. to be purged, ayit sor vb. to 
 pass dung involuntarily. 
 
 ayit krii watery stool, ayit a-pan hard 
 dung; ayit fam-blydk spec, of butterfly 
 dark with yellow spots and stripes; — 
 ayit tsup s. the anus; ■ — ayit mn fam- 
 blydk i. q. rip fam-blydk. 
 
 'ayit T. bgyid{-pa) vb. t. to create, to 
 found, to establish, to begin, to commence; 
 forms verba incohativa; — so zdn ayit 
 dyet it begins to get cold; ayit rok Map 
 vb. to commence to learn to read; num- 
 aim-nyo-ka md ayit-mun-re man-po ayit 
 gun-nd yd we know nothing about what 
 was before man since his creation; 
 hil-nun ayit-lun pld or bat it originated 
 with him; lyan un md-dyit-nd-ba before 
 the creation P.; dyit-bo s. the (jreator i. q- 
 de-bo; ciyit-bo fi-kun s. the founder of race 
 ayit do-bo adj. original, of long standing. 
 
 — 2. in sense of thing, affair, matter, 
 idea, creation, thing created, md-fak-niin- 
 sd ayit md-nyin-ne it is not an impossible 
 feat; a-mak a-ddk uydn-7id-ren ayit fat- 
 tun gum sickness and death has been 
 from the creation; lyan ayit the created 
 world, lyan uyit-sd a-viin tdn-dek-ka in 
 the lower regions of the created world. 
 
 — 3. in sense of state, nature, existence, 
 entity, md-ro do ayit it is his nature; 
 mak gun-nd-sd ayit gum it is the fate 
 (the nature of all) to die. — 4. to be 
 the custom, the custom, ayit nyi-td-o it 
 is not the custom P. ayit md-nyin-ne it 
 is not the c; ayit dl mat vh. to acquire 
 a new c; ayit dl plyd to originate a c; 
 dyit-ka nyi to be according to custom; 
 uyit-ka md-nyin-num-bosLd]. extraordinary. 
 
 unusual; sd-re uyit-ka da-wUn-re mat or 
 sd-re ayit-ka nyi-wun-'re mat vb. to act 
 according to c. ; dyit-nun yH ndn it has 
 come down by custom; dya dyit-ba-sd kd 
 ancient tradition, ayit de s. 1. creation 
 etc., 2. usual customs, ayit de-bo dok-bo 
 having the same origin. — a-dyit adj. pri- 
 mitive, ancient, original, s. beginning, 
 a-dyit-ka in the beginning; a-dyit dyok 
 mat vb. to do as in primitive times; a- 
 uyit rin li vb. to speak the primitive 
 language; a-dyit-sd du. not ancient dis- 
 eases; — a-dyit a-de s. 1. a custom, a- 
 dyit a-de lot pld lat he returned to the 
 usual customs and ways P. 2. creation. 
 — 5. s. name of the first month, Id-vo 
 ayit, ayit nyom. 
 
 *'ayin 1. s. f. T. snyan see *nydn the 
 ear of a great man. 
 
 °ayfn 2. T. yin(^-pa') vb. to be, dyin-run 
 adv. yet, notwithstanding; — niim-dyin 
 mun n. of evil spirit, pertinacity, chronic 
 diseases. 
 
 °ayfn-kra, dyin-ta, in-kra s. brick, dyin- 
 kra tsU. the tale of the brick Ex. 
 
 'ayfp vb. to peep, an dyip ndk to peep 
 thro' hole, also ?p, ip ndk J. 
 
 'ayip Sin s. a Yakthoomba-grave for 
 burying the bones after the body is burnt. 
 
 'ayu 1, ta-'ayu see under yH. 
 
 *'ayu 2. T. yyu s. 1. the turkois P., 
 lapis lazuli; dyu-len fin bluer than the 
 turkois, 2. a spec, of large dark and blue 
 butterfly. 
 
 'ayii-no see pd-dyH-no. 
 
 'ayu sufi-idel n. pr. evil spirits with 
 tails, they are said to devour one another, 
 on marriage they devour the parents of 
 eachother M. 
 
 'ayuk 1. see tur-dyiik-dor. 
 
 *'ayul( 2. T. dbyug{-pa^ vb. t. to cast, 
 to fling, da dytik Ian dyiik. 
 
 'ayun s. paste, dyun-sdjor vb. to paste. 
 
 "ayup" vb. to limp, to press on foot. 
 
 'ayup-ro i. q- i-brO.. 
 
 "ayum see mot, dyiim-ba 1. to be ndk-kd 
 mofi dyum-ba behold it was a dream Ex. 
 42. 7.-2. it is so, certainly, without doubt 
 
45-2 
 
 'ayur -'aye 
 
 'ayek— 'ayeii 
 
 M. 77 a-re duk Mn dyum-ba there will 
 certainly be difficulty attending this; 
 fam-cdn gun-nci ma-lyan-nun mn dyum- 
 ba signifies that he shall certainly be- 
 come the object of worship to all crea- 
 tures; — 3. vb. to be glorious; 4. shadow 
 see so dymn and mot. 
 
 °ayur, dyiir-ra,, dyur-rd or dyur-ld the 
 sound made by the rushing of many feet 
 or the flight of many birds also the 
 boiling of rice dyur-ld lam, md-ro dyur- 
 rd dyur-rd grik; zo tsu-ba dyur-ra dyur- 
 rd grik. 
 
 'ayul, fl vb. t. to dry, to heat, to parch, 
 to roast, to toast dyul s6n id. 
 
 'ayuk vb. t. to pass each other, to change, 
 to change money, to alter as anything, 
 place, to exchange, to make or give an 
 equivalent, kom dyuk vb. to change money, 
 kom dyuk-bo banker J. ; lyan dyuk bam, to 
 change one's place; mlo dyuk vb. to make 
 an exchange of anything; yu dyuk mat 
 vb. to change wives or when two men 
 have one wife between them, for one to 
 take his turn of her from the other; td- 
 gum dyuk vb. to pass each other, said 
 of sun and moon, of two people meeting; 
 Id-vo sd-tsuk dyuk the changes of sun and 
 moon; sok-sd dyuk-Mm-bo an equivalent 
 for life. 
 
 "ayun, dyun-nd dyun-nd moving to and 
 fro, dyun-nd dyun-nd tyu vb. to shake 
 as tree or house from wind, dyun-nd 
 dyun-nd 16m vb. to move about the 
 walking, as an elephant, camel, from 
 side to side. 
 
 'ayur vb. t. to bake in ashes M. 143, 
 mi-ka dyur. 
 
 'ayul, 'ayul-la said of heartburn, attended 
 with sickness or inclination to be sick, 
 dyul-ld dak; a-lut dyul-ld ddk; a-lut dyul- 
 Id li. 
 
 'aye exclam. an expression of disappro- 
 bation; seems to mean grudge, resent- 
 ment, spite, menace, threat, nyin duk; rin- 
 ka dye nyi; a-luf-ka aye nyi; dye mat vb. 
 to threaten. 
 
 'aye bro see i-bru. 
 
 'ayek see ek. 
 
 'ayen 1., eii (sometimes also in) s. 1. 
 younger brother, younger sister or cousin, 
 dyen td-dyii a younger sister; dyen td-gri 
 s. a younger brother; dyen kup s. a child 
 of brother, sister or cousin; dyen tek-bo 
 s. youngest brother, sister, cousin; dyen 
 zan s. a friend; J. dyen zdn a-yan a 
 real one; dyen zdn a-bdn a false friend 
 see hlk(jbo), dyen zan dyefi num s. or 
 dyen zdn I6m s. friendship d.-z. 16m 
 fat vb. to discontinue terms of friend- 
 ship; dyen zdn tik or dyen zdn bydk vb. 
 to form friendship; — 2. child, babe, 
 dyen sim-fik byi vb. to give present at 
 birth of child (to mother); dyen bdn s. 
 a child, an infant, dyeh bdn si a child is 
 born; dyen bdn hrydk tu-tidt about nine 
 o'clock, dyen bdn hrdp tu-ts'dtaht. 11 o'clock 
 at night; dyen bdn har-rd har hrydp to 
 cry very loud i. q. rik-kd kik-kd hrydp; 
 dyen bdn mo bo hrywm-ka nyi to be well 
 ordered; dyeh bdn hryum md-nyivr-num- 
 bo an unmanageable child; dyen bdn de 
 vb. to amuse a child, to keep it from 
 crying, to soothe; dyeh boh tsam vb. to 
 keep children in discipline. — 3. the 
 pupil of eye mik-dyeh, mik-eh. 
 
 Comp. dyeh kyun s. a cradle or bed 
 for child; — dyeh-gd s. a babe, dyeh-hd 
 s. id.; — dyeh-cdt i. q. dyeh-tydl, see td- 
 cdt; — dyeh-ji or ih-ji s. crying, whining of 
 child, ih-ji mat vb. to keep crying and 
 whining; — dyen-tut (or ih-tut) pa-am 
 s. a plant Costus speciosa, the juice given 
 to children to drink as an alterative or 
 as the name applies to wash the child; 
 — dyeh tydl s. placenta, secundines; — 
 dyeh dem s. a child's plaything; — dyeh- 
 no s. a bed for child as a basket etc.; 
 dyeh-zo s. navelstring; — dyeh-sdl s. the 
 liquor amnii; — dyeh sop tyek-bo s. mid- 
 wife Ex. — dyen tsum s. a taunt, in- 
 vective, satire, jeer, hoot, derision, sneer, 
 mock, exultation, ho kd-siim md-bo-ne, a- 
 Idh hd fat ndn, go dyeh tsum mat you 
 would not give it to me, now you have 
 lost it, scandal over you; ho su mat kd- 
 
'ayeii— 'ayo 
 
 'ayok— 'ayon, yon 
 
 453 
 
 sum dyen tsum kyop-bam-d why are you 
 crowing over me. 
 
 Deriv. num-&yen i. q. num-nii s. friends, 
 relatives. 
 
 II. vb. to soothe. 
 
 "ayeh III. tuk-dyen, tuh-ayen see under 
 tuk-nyil. 
 
 'ayen vb. to whine and coax mother; 
 a-bo a-mo lyan-ka dyen bam, see in; — 
 a-dyen rin whining language. 
 
 'ayep 1. vb. n. to be needy, destitute. 
 
 'ayep 2. vb. t. to press as with hand, 
 to pinch, to compress, see under sd-dydr; 
 Mk ayep vb. to crack louse; — to find 
 fault with, to scold, to cavil, to gibe; — 
 a-dyep rin s. a vilifying, scandalous lan- 
 guage. 
 
 'ayep $ih s. terrace or raised ornamented 
 place for sitting, a dais. 
 
 'ayem 1. adj. green, zo dyem, kd-cer dyem. 
 
 'ayem 2. i. q. dyiim see wm, dyem- Id 
 adv. smooth, still, as water; dyem-ld da 
 vb. to be smooth; dyem-ld dd smooth 
 water. — dyem-ba i. q. dyiini-ba. 
 
 'ayer 1.: pd-dyer two years ago? M. 
 
 'ayer 2, : pd-dyer i. q. pd-dyor see dyor 2. 
 
 'ayer 3. i. q. dydr see dr. 
 
 'aye I see dydl. 
 
 'ayo adv. before (time), hitherto, for- 
 merly, see dya, dydn, so; — -some time 
 before M. 69; uyo-len id. J.; dyo cam 
 three days before, dyo cot (or ce) four 
 days ago M. 71; dyo t-ion the day before 
 yesterday M. 71 ; dyo nd-han already Ex; 
 dyo han some time ago; dyo non vb. n. 
 to be recently passed, dyo non-bo adj. 
 previous, preceding; dyo md-t'op-ne not 
 received before; dyo zdn as before; dyo 
 pe zdn nun to become the same as be- 
 fore; dyo do the same as before, dyo do 
 ham-ka bam nyi (he) lives where (he) 
 did before; dyo-re the former; dyo Id-vo 
 last month; dyo-sd the former, the pre- 
 ceding; dyo-sd rin a previous matter; 
 Deriv. td-dyo adv. before, ago, hiim td- 
 dyo md-U-ne I have not seen him be- 
 fore, dr-sd td-dyo formerly. — sd-dyo or 
 pd-dyo i. q. td-dyo. 
 
 'ayok 1. vb. t. to wrap round cloth i. q. 
 pa q. V. 
 
 'ayok 2. s. 1. work, action, dyok mat-pan 
 actions; dyok a-jdn a bad action, or bad 
 work, dyok a-ryum a good action or good 
 work; dyok td-lyan zdn a great work or 
 undertaking; dyok a-gyap nyi to be much 
 engaged; dyok su kat nor or dyok su kat hlok 
 vb. to commit a fault; — 2 advantage, use, 
 dyok-sdmlo ausefulthing; — 3. effects, con- 
 sequences, su dyok-ka for what purpose or 
 business. 
 
 dyok ka vb. to assign work; dyok ka- 
 bo s. the superintendent of a work; — 
 dyok I'dk kat kyop vb. to superintend 
 work; — dyok kok bi'i. vb. to be engaged to 
 do w.; — dyok dya fo vb. to lay aside w. 
 temporally; — dyok mat vb. to do work, 
 dyok mat-bo s. a workman; hlUn-nd 
 hlUn-nd dyok mat vb. to work sluggishly; 
 dyok mya vb. to be diligent in business; 
 — dyok zuk vb. to work, td-do md-zu zdn 
 mat-Un dyok zuk vb. to work as if it 
 were for one's self; sdm net mat dyok 
 zuk vb. to do work uuconscicntiously; 
 glet-ld dyok zuk to do w. thoroughly; a- 
 liit-niin bii-Mn dyok zuk vb. to do w. 
 with heart; no sat mat dyok zuk to pretend 
 to work, to do eyeserviee; no tdo bii-lun 
 dyok zuk to do w. modestly ; dyok fut zuk 
 to do work for another i. e. to be his 
 substitute, dyok (ut-zuk-bo a substitute 
 workman; dyok zap-pd zop-pd zuk to do 
 work superficially; dyok-ka kH or dyok-ka 
 klon sent for use; — dyok-ka K6 nyo non 
 to have become accustomed to work; — 
 dyok-ka tap vb. to use; — dyok-ka mydn 
 vb. to be well acquainted with work. 
 
 Comp. dyok ke-ci s. great work; — 
 dyok gen s. importance, dyok gen bu vb. 
 to be charged with a commission or 
 work; — dyok cer-bo s. one who shrinks 
 from w. — dyok-lo s. wages. 
 
 Deriv. jiMW-o^/o/fcs. a workman, negatiator. 
 
 'ayon, yon pf. 'ayon vb. to fade; to be 
 stale; to be stupid; yon, vb. 1. to wither, 
 to fade, to dry up, as leaf, 2. (countenance) 
 to fall, applied especially to fall from 
 
454 
 
 'ayot— 'ay6k 
 
 'aydn— 'aydl 
 
 hunger, a-mlem yon, a-lut yon to be 
 disheartened, to be disconsolate, heart- 
 broken. — uyon to be stale and sour, as 
 rice or boiled food, zo no re dyonnon the 
 rice has turned sour. — 
 
 ayon adjly. rotten, kun ciyon a rotten 
 tree; dum ciyon a r. cloth; li ayon a r. 
 dilapidated house. 
 
 dyoh-na ayon-nd: ayon-na ayon-nd-bo 
 s. a dolt, a blockhead. 
 
 Deriv. tun-ayon., tun-yon, pun-uyon, pun- 
 yon s. an awkward, an idiot, a simpleton. 
 
 'ayot 1. s. corpulence, heaviness; pro- 
 tuberance, excrescence; goitre, md-zu dyot 
 s. fatness; lassitude, kun dyot i. q. kun 
 pi thick bark. — 
 
 td-dyot s. 1. goitre, td-dyot bu-bam-bo 
 or t.-d. -bun-bo one, who has the goitre, 
 2. i. q. fyol gnarl on tree kun td-dyot. 
 
 'ayot 2. (to make noise?), dyot-tddyot- 
 td grumbling, complaining, dyot-td dyot- 
 td j6k to grumble, complain. 
 
 'ayon see dyoii. 
 
 'ayop 1.: dyop d,yopa,A\. clownish, foolish. 
 
 'ayop 2. vb. t. to fell wood by notching. 
 
 °ayor: mik dyor ndk vb. to look askant. 
 
 'ayo s. 1. verdigris, rust, 2. express, of 
 contempt, a-ldn sd a-ldn dyd non-so or 
 pld-so or nan presently it will rust, dyd 
 fa-ndn or dyd zdk-non to be rust-eaten. 
 
 'aydk 1. vb. t. to place transverse, li 
 top d.yok to prop up house by transverse 
 posts; to throw out hand or feet, to kick, 
 dyan gor dyok to kick backwards; tuk-jek 
 dyok to kick aside;- — to make (cotton) 
 fine, ki tnun-dydk-sd dyok to make cotton 
 fine with bow; — mun-dydk or tun-dyok 
 s. a bow for carding cotton. 
 
 'aydk 2. s. 1. Picus elastica Wtt. P. 165 
 the Indian rubber-tree; 2. bird-lime, 
 extracted from the Ficus elastica, met. 
 slime fat dydk Ex. 2, 3; used also as a 
 cement; 'dyok kok old and stale bird- 
 lime which has acquired a bad smell, 
 dyok kok ri-ndm to stink like dyok kok 
 applied to dirty people, dyok c6m kun 
 
 species of P., Picus obtusifolia M. ''yak 
 choun rik" Chonemorpha macrophylla 
 Wtt. 0. 1038; — dydk dun kun s. Picus 
 lacciferra M. ace. Wtt. P. altissima Wtt. 
 P. 118; — dydk pd-t'ok s. a vessel holding 
 dydk; — dydk pun-ryiim kun a stick 
 covered with dydk; dydk-ri kun a tree 
 from which black bird-lime is extracted, 
 the Indian rubber-tree P. elastica W. 71, 
 as opp. to sd-kHn or siin-kmi kun (P. 
 mysorensis) q. v. — dydk-ri ban: ''^yo-kri 
 bon" n. pr. of a village, founded among 
 the stumps (ban) of felled or simply 
 among "rubber "trees W. 71. 
 
 'aydn 1. s. the evil spirit of wild animals 
 e. c. sd-na dydn. See ydn 5. 
 
 *'aydn 2., ydn T. yyan 1. luck, fortune, 
 2. much, a great money, dydn-nyim-bo one 
 having much, wealthy; — dyda kiik s. 
 some incantations of lamas for obtaining 
 money M. dydn cen; dydn-cen-nyo s. 
 goddess of fortune. See 328 A, B. 
 
 'aydt vb. t. to bend as bow, to strike 
 with uplifted arm or rather to lift up 
 arm, as when striking with club, or axe, 
 sd-li dyot vb. to bend a bow; dydt-lun 
 buk vb. to strike with uplifted arm. 
 
 'aydn adj. scattered, dispersed, sprinkled, 
 dydn dydn vb. to scatter. 
 
 'aydp see dp. 
 
 °aydm vb. to skim along with hand, 
 to strike off with hand, dydm dydn vb. 
 to strike a thing off by skimming along 
 the hand (as fly); — so dydm-ld son see 
 under so. 
 
 'aydr 1.: fyu dydr-rd dydr-rd pyi fo vb. 
 rub clean the cooking-vessel. 
 
 'aydr 2. see wr; — pd-dydr, pd-dydr-bo 
 adj. yellow, pd-dydr-ld adv.; pd-dydr nyit 
 vb. to dye yellow; pd-dydr dv, mun s. 
 the evil spirit of jaundice. 
 
 'aydl 1. see dl. 
 
 'aydl 2., dydl-ld dydl-ld waddling, dydl- 
 Id dydl-ld lorn vb. to go waddling along 
 as a duck or fat person. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ENGLISH-LEPCHA. 
 
A, An, Abreast 
 
 Abridge— Acciplter 457 
 
 INDEX 
 
 SERVING AS A REVERSED DICTIONiARY. 
 For references see the roots [in brackets]. 
 
 A, An, article Icat, mu; kd-ta; kd-ta mu. 
 Abandon com; dydn, dydn nyon (167); 
 
 *f6n de mat; fat. 
 Abashed to be ziir. 
 Abate *met; abatingly man-Id. 
 Abbot *je-tsun-bo; *nyen-jo-wo. 
 AbbroTiation *du-yuk; dom. 
 Abdomen td-fuk; pup. 
 Abies dumosa nyit kun; A. webbiana 
 
 * dun-sin, tun-siii. 
 Ability *b6n. 
 
 Ablactate (a-kup) nyen cet. 
 Able to be leu, Mt; *gu-fdn; *tup; pyit; 
 
 nan; *rem; fit; lyek; won. — Able Jlum- 
 
 ho, *M. 
 Ablution see under p'ik. 
 Abnegate *pdn. 
 
 Abode bam-lyan, lyan; kyum; *ne. 
 Abolish pok. 
 
 Abominable a-sam (424). 
 Abortion a-kiip sor-non (434 6). 
 Abound blydn; z6n; sdl. 
 About zdn; z6n; gyap ran gyap gdn; 
 
 non sd; non det (dyd{); -sdn; round 
 
 about var-rd var-rd; go-vd; a-vdk 
 
 (385 a). 
 Above adv. ta, tal, tul; *ten; to; cop-Id 
 
 adj. a-tun; a-tdn; a-fo; postpos. (a-)pldn- 
 
 ka; tuk-dam (170 b.); suk-dak; there 
 
 above o-fan. 
 Abreast prd-ld; byer-lvn. 
 
 Abridge dom; nyet; ban. 
 Abrornis schisticeps prdn-sd mydr-fo. 
 Abrus precatorius mik kuk rik. 
 Absence, in a. of gun-ka; td-gum-ka; 
 
 lon-ka. 
 Absent to be ydn; a. in mind a-lutsd- 
 
 pat-ld (399 a). 
 Absolute piir; pum; absolutely hdr-rd 
 
 hdi'-rd; pdk-kd; ka-tan. 
 Absolution sd-(6; to receive a tor. 
 Absolve {ydr; sat (394 6). 
 Absorb nu; pot. 
 
 Abstinence fam-sok (420 6); 1,'a-sd. 
 Abstract vb. tsun. 
 
 Abundance gyap-ldt; a-jot; *dan; a-vdn. 
 Abundant gyap; pd-bd; *Jce; to be 
 
 abundant von; won; blydn; Jin; hoi; bd. 
 Abundantly bd bd si si; Id-ld; td-at-td 
 
 (441a), td-at tet. 
 Abuse s. sd-fdn rin; *lca-jen; *Ka-pok; 
 
 *Iva-tso; *Jcd-tdn (44«.) — vb. rin sdr; 
 
 a-bon hlok (262a); mo-ld mat; zan; cir. 
 Abyss kai-din; *tdn; td-ram (331 b.) 
 Acacia nd-nrem; vydr-ju. 
 Acanthylis caudacuta sd-lyan tun f, 
 
 tim-bo. 
 Acarus frek bit (248 a, 256 a). 
 Accentor strophiatus fd-cin-fo. 
 Accept vb. cik lyo; lyo. 
 Accidentally tydn-lun, a-tydn zdk-lUn. 
 Accipiter nisus tm-ki pun-fy6n. 
 
 29* 
 
458 
 
 Acclivity — Across 
 
 Acrosticlium — Advance 
 
 Acclivity run-dSm. 
 
 Accompany tyol; c6(-lun) non; rok nor'i. 
 
 See under hyop. 
 Accomplish jdk; zdh. 
 Accord vb. My an; dok; dom; pyo; kun; 
 
 JO, pe; kryom. 
 Accordance, Accord s. jo-lom; b6t; in 
 
 a. with dok-ld; sd-dok-ld; md to. 
 According to kor-ka; (sd-) po-ld. See 
 
 zdii. 
 Accounts *tu tsu; *tu fsii; to take 
 
 accounts tsu lyo; on account of ydn; 
 
 tun-dok; mat-lun; mat-ba; kor-ka; kyam- 
 
 ka; on this a. a-re-nun; dr-nun mat-lvn; 
 
 tan a-re-nim; dr kon-nun; on that a. 
 
 kyon o-re-nun mat-ha. 
 Accoutrements pun-san (408 6.); lyu 
 
 ce; * tsan-rik ; . (mu) lyd-se. 
 Accumulate gon (t'6); fyul; pun; pyun; 
 
 horn. 
 Accuracy a-jam (95 6). 
 Accurate to be glen 
 Accurately *hrik hrik, hnk-ld; a-tsom 
 
 a-blen cit-lun-re zdn. 
 Accuse hi mat, hi so; hi kyop; *nye-t6 
 
 kydp; *nydt; tsam. 
 Accustomed to be jdl; lydn; myon; 
 
 *gom; *j6n. 
 Acer Campbellii dom; ya-li; A. Hookeri 
 
 pdrli; A. sikkhimense pd-li nyok. 
 Ache vb. zam, nyo; aching pain sd-dydt. 
 Acid to be cdt\ 
 Acknowledge *zo; sdk. 
 Aconitum pd-ki; A. ferox nyiii; lUn-ji 
 
 Acorn sd-ri pot; siivi sii pot; kd-so pot. 
 Acquaintance (friend) "no-se; a-t'yak 
 
 zdn; a-tyak a-lyo; tyak-ho; mik fyak 
 
 zdn; nam ko-nyim-bo. 
 Acquainted to be (^a-kd) yd; won; tsam; 
 
 tse. 
 Acquisition a-fop (158 a). 
 Acrid a-krim-bo [krij. 
 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius md-(mii.t-) lin 
 
 kun. 
 Across fyok-kd; fydk-lun; ""prat-la; pak- 
 
 Id; bat-Id; adj. prol; tiik-brol (271 b.) — 
 
 to place across rol; hrydn. 
 
 Acrostichum kd-nyo fo td-kli tUn-krdk. 
 Act vb mat; see zuk, lei, *cd. 
 Actinodaphne obovata kd-hdr kun, pd- 
 
 hdr kun. 
 Actinodura nepalensis rum-nyo fo. 
 Action ayok; *le; actions mat pdn; mat- 
 
 la s6p-lu; ayok mat-pan. 
 Active c6n-bo; a-ryem (342 a.),- krdk-bo; 
 
 *not'-fdk-bo. 
 Actual a-yan (323 6.); nd-t'ok. 
 Ad ami a cyanea *gye-ho Ua n6k (61 6.). 
 Add kyep-lun fo; ka (kam); cop; see also 
 
 tyul; nrel; hydm (264 b ). 
 Address rin zo; vb. lap den su. 
 Adequate to be po. 
 Adhere krap; kyop; Mi; pyek; rdp. 
 Adhesive krap-pd krap-pd; kyon kydn; 
 
 kyin-nd kyon-nd; kyak-kd kyak-kd; a- 
 
 yiim nyim-ho [ywm]. 
 Adiantum pd-mM pd-sdti; A. capillus 
 
 veneris Mk-sip, ruk-sip. 
 Adieu ryu-ld ham-md-o. 
 Adjacent fdl-ba. 
 Adjective bldn-gyu. 
 Adjunct tydl-ho; pye-ro. 
 Adjust *'nk; jip; adjusted to be cok. 
 Adjutant lum-ddn piin-fyon. 
 Admire *yiit-si, *yit-si; a-tim-ka si; a- 
 
 lat lyop non. 
 Admit *Mor; "zo. 
 
 Admonish *sdk; *Ma-ka cdk; *ko cdk byi. 
 Adopt kiip mat Ion; kHp lam lyo; to 
 
 adopt word fr. other language tsun 
 
 hti di; adopted child a-kup lam lon- 
 
 bam-bo. 
 Adore sa-wo (siir-wo) top; *py6ktsa; gap; 
 
 ''ndn ce mat; *^e-bo kyop. 
 Adorn zi; bor-ld .mat; *gydn kydp; jdm 
 
 kydp; *pom zuk. 
 Adult see lyen. 
 Adulterated hlet-nyim-bo ; fit-ho (240 6.) ; 
 
 pd-(pvr-)by6p-ld (276 6.); sam-mu. 
 Adulterer a-vo len Idn-bo; *ce-bo. 
 Adultery (see fyiim mun [tyU] ; fdn 
 
 mun-) to commit a. a-vo len fo; *ndr 
 
 fe; to take revenge for a. zar fyet; 
 
 compensation for a. gye. 
 Advance tsdt. 
 
Advantage — Agree 
 
 Agreeable— Almighty 459 
 
 Advantage a-jam (9bb.); p6t; ayoh; 
 
 *Ko; *pan. 
 Adverse see under caw- 
 Adversary pun-jum pun-zom [jum]. 
 Advice a-sdk [sdkj; *ko; *krut; *kro; 
 
 *dam nok. 
 Aethopyga sd-cyet. 
 Affair *mk. 
 Affectation nam jot. 
 Affect *gydn; sd-zu mat (3166.); ««« 
 
 mat. 
 Affected to be sur; Idn; It. 
 AHection go wun; *ce-wun; a-/-ar (466.); 
 
 a-lut kydn-bo. 
 Affinity cin, num-nu [nu]. 
 Affix klon; affixed to be bin (byin). 
 Affliction duk; jum. See ^ndt. 
 Afford Id. 
 
 Afraid to be ro, rom jdt; gydr; *nyen. 
 After adv. ye; a-zd [zd];.a-lon [a] ; postp. 
 
 -ba, -sen, td-gum-ka; afterwards zd, zd- 
 
 tun; a-lon; ik zd; han td; o-re-nun 
 
 gdn; je-ba; lon-ka. 
 Afternoon see under yo 7. 
 Again a-fo nydt [poj; ik-ld; yun; lot; 
 
 nyel; again yet ik je; again and again 
 
 ydn-ld ydn-ld; yon-ld ydn-ld; ydn kon-ld. 
 Against -levi; -loQ')-ld; a-fyak-ka (see 
 
 tyak'). 
 Agaricus dm\ see dor bi pop; tun-ddm; 
 
 bik ayit dor; bik dor; bik mik dor; po 
 
 bah dor. 
 Age a-nam [nam]. 
 Aged *gan, *ku nd; very a. a-grok. 
 Agent kon-mo; '-pi-bo. 
 Ageratum cordifolium num-yu muk. 
 Agglomerate tyul; pir (pyir). 
 Aggravate cin. 
 Aggregate *se. 
 Aggression gd-ldt. 
 Agile kyem-bo [*kyenj. 
 Agitated fyul; kan-nun-sd; Mr-rd hur- 
 ra; lyon-nd lyon-nd; lydp-lyop. 
 Agitation fyul fyul; tUn-foh. 
 Ago dyo; td-ayo\ aya; n6n-ne (see under 
 
 zdn); long ago aydn(^-nd)-ba; long long 
 
 ago aydn-nd aydn-nd. 
 Agree kun; *^am\ c6, cdm Ion; jit; *tun; 
 
 "fiip; kdp; tsiin; *rik; a-boh kd-ta mat, 
 
 boh dok; 6t; see also under hrdt. 
 Agreeable jit; *nydn. 
 Agreement *lca-cet; *}cd-duh; ndn-fun; 
 
 ce^; bo. 
 Agriculture nydt; *sih. 
 Aid Mt; tyol; tydl mat; niim-nii tyol-nii 
 
 mat. 
 Ailurus fulgens sd-niim. 
 Aim, to take good aim pok. 
 Air a-siim (414 a.); to build castles in 
 
 a. a-boh-niin nydt mat. 
 Airplant pd-tydn, see siir-uo rip. 
 Alacrity *kyem-tdn (33 a.); fUr-ldt. 
 Alarm krok-ldt. 
 Alas hd-yo-wd; a-ya-ko; rdh-hd; kydn 
 
 dydk-kd; nd; a-tsa a-ya-nd. 
 Albeit yah; yo go-run. 
 Albizzia procera tHk-mdr kuh; A. lucida 
 
 nd-hrem kun. 
 Albino sd-hdr kHp. 
 Alee do bengalensis uh cim-fo. 
 Alcippe nepalensis sUm-dydl-fo. 
 Alcurus striatus sd-nyim plek-fo; cdh- 
 
 cdp-fo. 
 Alert, on the a. tsan-Ui. 
 Algebra '"td tsii (306 6.). 
 Alienate a-liit fli (24:9 6.); to be alienated 
 
 ye; K'an; a-lUt rii (354 a.). 
 Alienation pya-ldm. 
 Alike *rd; *nydm-ld, see under zdh, 
 
 lyok [lok]. 
 Alive to be zu. 
 Alkaline taste (a-')sdr. 
 All giin, giin-nd, su giin-nd; om-md; am- 
 
 md; nyi tet; nyi md nyi; mal-ld md- 
 
 ts6m-nd; jam, sUm-jam; pin-dak; *Kydp; 
 
 tydh; tsup-pd; mp-pd sUp-pd; su-ld; 
 
 at all yo gdh; -Id; allright con con; 
 
 zdh zdh. 
 Allegory tuh-bor; fam-bor. 
 Alliance a-fik (tik); cin; ndri tiik-po. 
 Allow kdn; kloh; U; *ndh; sun; to be 
 
 allowed sU. 
 Allowance (of money) *pok. 
 Alloy *hlet. 
 
 Almanac '^da to; *tyii to. 
 Almighty sd-re-ld I'um-bo. 
 
460 Almond-tree— Amomum 
 
 A mo Jig — Answer 
 
 Almond-tree kd-sum hin. 
 
 Almost pd-^ak-ld; kam-nun gdn. 
 
 Alms *sd-nyim; *jim-bo; *ydn. 
 
 Aloft ta-ba see ta. 
 
 Alone kd-ta; kd-ta kup; td-do kd-ta-mu; 
 
 a-td; td-td [td] ; go go; a-kan; a-cdn; 
 
 yan-nd yan-nd. 
 Along -sd; dyep-ka; hyop; mat; *pye-ro, 
 
 along side of fyop. 
 Alopecurus pratensis kd-ju tuk-sim. 
 Aloud krdm-lun; sdn-nd. 
 Alphabet kd-]c6{-i-e). 
 Alpinia tun-bum pd-la. 
 Already dyo nd-han. 
 Alseonax ferrugineus dan cim-pa fo. 
 Also gun; Id; nd; -ka. 
 Alsophila latebrosa pd-sen; A. gigantea 
 
 pd-{puk-')jik. 
 Alston! a scholaris pur-vok kun. 
 Altar *tso-dydn; *co com. 
 Alter dyuk;nyet;pdt; pin (pyin);*po, van. 
 Altercation a-jok [jok] ; kim-bo [ki] ; 
 
 *Icam-cu; *lca-rok, see also pyet. 
 Altering pur-van-bo (van). 
 Alternation dyun-bo. See under fyd. 
 Although yan. 
 Altogether jam-Id; yan-nd; pin-dak; 
 
 bom-md jam-md; pdk-kd; krydp-pd; pd- 
 
 plyot-ld [plydtj; pydl-ld; prdn-ld; cot-td; 
 
 lin-ld; hdr-rd hdr-rd. 
 Alure aydl. 
 Always kun-gan; sok-nd(-la); nd-ld; sd- 
 
 fa-ld; nan-nd tan-nd; md-dek-nd; yan- 
 nd; *tun-j6, *tun-j6-nun. 
 Amalgamation fyu-ldt. 
 Amaranthus spinosus p'ak ruk bi. 
 Ambassador *po-ny6, *pdn-cen. 
 Amber *po-se. 
 Ambition *ce-do (ce). 
 Ambitious a-tim mat-sdn; sdm ti; to be 
 
 ce-do mat; a-lut (an) din. 
 Ambling kydm kydl. 
 Ambrosia *kd-run, *jum-run, *di-tsii. 
 Amend pd-nap mat (192 a.) see Mat; 
 
 fam-zar fo (317 a.) 
 Amomum see pd-vin; na-do; kdk-la; 
 
 tarn bdk; tun-brap; pd-la; num-biim; 
 
 tUn-bum pd-la. 
 
 Among -ka; -ba; (a-)cuk-ka; (a-)byek- 
 
 ka; (a-)byer-ka; sd-g6ii-ka. 
 Amongst ndn-ka; (a-)duk-ka. 
 Amphibious animal un-kafdt-ka bam-bo. 
 Ample *gye. 
 Amplify no. 
 
 Amplitude tuk-vok (vok). 
 Amulet *sun-bo; *ka-wo, see a-myel a- 
 
 ydn (300 b.). 
 Amusement lydn; object of a. a-mik dem. 
 Amusing sak-prok-mii-wun-sd md-zu. 
 Amyris agallocha nd-rok kun. 
 Ana a-na, a 4 ana-piece *««' Uak; su ki. 
 Analyze bdk sdk; aydr fli. 
 Anarchy pyok-ldt (221 a.). 
 Ananassa bor. 
 
 Ancestor Kun-gyif. fi kuii nyo kun. 
 Anchor (sd-)nydl Idn. 
 Ancient a-dyit; ran; rdn-rit. 
 Anciently a-dyit-ka; sd-dya; dya; dydn- 
 
 nd-ba. 
 Ancle-bone (a-)fon mik. 
 And sd, un; and so on see under ka; et 
 
 cetera a-hlok gun-nd; and then un gdn. 
 Andropogon mtin-dyer. 
 Angel *pdn-cen. 
 
 Anger *gon(-bo) hre; */cdn; *fcap-kydn. 
 Angiopteris erecta tuk-po puk-jik. 
 Angle *sur; *kru; *krup; kydn; tUn-kydn. 
 Angry to be ^Uap-kydn w.at; a-mlem nok 
 
 ndn; U; sak lyak. 
 Angular m, rdm. 
 Anguish of spirit cum-ldt. 
 Animal a-som fik-bo; sok-nyim-bo; iam- 
 
 cdn fam-bik; rem-cdn. 
 Animation sak tsum. 
 Animosity *nd; jUm. 
 Annates *put; tok put. 
 Annexed byin (bin); fik fom-bo. 
 Annexion bye-M. 
 Annoy *cd, cd; sak pHr-cok mat. 
 Annoyance sak *par-ji; sak *piir-Mk; 
 
 (a-)dv,k; niin-M; *sun-cun. 
 Anoint sit. 
 Another kHm-dun; kum-duii kum-bdk; 
 
 md-ro; one another kat kat. 
 Answer yb. rin lydt; tarn; rin tsok-lun 
 
 li; s. rin len; I'a-len. 
 
Answerable — Arachnothera 
 
 Aralia Arundinaria 
 
 461 
 
 Answerable to be top; dyop. 
 
 Ant tuk-fyil; see also tuk-gar; tvk-men;piir- 
 
 det; lum-bo; rum-bol; nun-sd/i kd-ydt 
 
 {iOib.);sd-ku;pur dydt; {a-)fun tuk-fyil. 
 Anticipate turn; vut; tuk-tsu-ka cih-lun 
 
 byi (307 ^>.). 
 Antipathy mik-jum; num-fan (239 6.); 
 
 cer-run. 
 Antlers a-cur (82 6.). 
 Anus ay it tsup. 
 Anvil td-hlam (381 a.). 
 Anxiety frdm-ldt, a-frdm; *tok; *tmm- 
 
 duk; *sdm-duk. 
 Anxious to be '''ce; frdm; pern kyop; 
 
 sa-ts'o; to look a. a-mlem man-Id nun 
 
 or mat (282 a). 
 Any to; su-ld; any-one to-sd-re; to gdu- 
 
 Id; to gun-nd; to go-run; anything sd- 
 
 re-ld; any- way sd-lol-ld; sd-lo ■ gdn-ld. 
 Apart sd-flik Id (2496.); pd-grok-ld (656.); 
 
 pd-brot-ld (271 6.) pun; to be apart 
 
 gon; pydr. 
 Apathetic tu. 
 Ape s. sd-hu; vb. fan. 
 Aphelia ruA-kyen nyok. 
 Apoplexy nam kydn. 
 Apostle *lo-kruk. 
 Apparently si-Id. 
 Appeal to government a-bdn dd; a-bdn 
 
 noil (252 a.). 
 Appear si; yd si; yd pld; mik sim pld; 
 
 mik si-Id fi; gld; appear and disappear 
 
 gla; lyv-p; mdl-ld mdl-ld mat. 
 Appetite tan-kd; to lose appetite tah- 
 
 ko cet; sdr. 
 Apple li. 
 
 Apply ry6p(r6p); tap; to- 
 Appoint nydn to; kd. 
 Apprehension td-rdt (330 a.). 
 Approach, to cause to a. Uor. 
 Appropriate a-til mat; co. 
 Approximate to be tel. 
 Apricot Jcam-bu pot. 
 Apron *p6n-Kep; see lydk. 
 Aptitude to have www*. 
 Aquila nepalensis 6n-yu see Oircaetus. 
 Aquiline kiin-kon-ld (27 a.). 
 Arachnothera dun-sd hryUk-fo. 
 
 Aralia psevidoginseng gya-sin. 
 
 Arbalist gyo. 
 
 Arboricola kd-hom-fo. 
 
 Arched kum. 
 
 Architecture li-sd net. 
 
 Arctomys sd-myon. *ci-wa. 
 
 Ardent a-gdt, gdt-bo. 
 
 Ardisia de-nyok. 
 
 Areca gracilis kdr-kun. 
 
 Argue *zum-cd kyop; co tsdt dun (176 6.); 
 
 rin pyet; non dun mat. 
 Argument *zuin-€6; *kyum; "non dun. 
 Arid tHk-dup-ld [dupj. 
 Aristocracy bdr-fon. 
 Arithmetic an-gi-sd ydn-tdn. 
 Ark *kru. 
 Arm pd-{piik-)sol (420 6.); pd-{pur-')jim 
 
 see kd-pek; kd (kd); pdk-cdm; armpit 
 
 pd-^pun-^kip. 
 Armour *lir6p; a-viel; '''rdp-ce. 
 j\.rms *mak-ce. 
 Army ^mak-pUn; fydn-pun. 
 Arouse one's self sak-cin si. 
 Arrange tyam; pap; jip. 
 Arrangement pd-tyam pd-lyU; *kro. 
 Arrest vb. nUk; tsok. 
 Arrive ti; lat; new arrivers si fdn-sdn. 
 Arrogance *ce top; pa-ton; *Mm-bur. 
 Arrogate *gydn. 
 Arrow *da; tson; *sam-d6; shaft of a. 
 
 a-fyuh; notch of a. dem; feather of a. 
 
 *ro; see sd-gyen v6; sixn-fdr; sun-ban 
 
 [ban]; sinn-tet; miin-dyer tson; tdk-tsdk 
 
 tson; to apply a to string sit; to fix 
 
 a. jd. 
 Art *ydn-tdn; bor-set. 
 Artamus fuscus sd-lyan ci. 
 Artemisia tiik-nyil. 
 Artery vi num-nyim-sd a-so. 
 Article mlo; gramm.: bld?i jak. 
 Artifice *p'i-gyu. 
 Artisan *zo-bo. 
 Artocarpus integrifolia md-(mv,r-) sdn 
 
 kun. 
 Arum sUn-kri see sUm-bla; lUk-cet; tiik- 
 
 cet; lak-tiik; tiin-glu buk; mUn-jin; hik 
 
 byen buk. 
 Arundinaria pron; pd-mum. 
 
462 
 
 Aruiido — Astonished 
 
 Astonishment — Averse 
 
 Arundo mun-fdn. 
 
 As zdn, zon; as much as sd-tet — tet; as it 
 
 were see zdn mat; as soon as -sd; 
 
 -sd-ld. 
 Asa foetida sin Mn. 
 Ascaris lumbricoides nyen nut bu; tuk- 
 
 s6l bu. 
 Ascend hron; see kan. 
 Ascertain a-jam mat; a-jam tak-sik mat. 
 Ascetic an-zo an-di mun; *zdt-po gom 
 
 bam-ho; *gom cen; *ts'6m-bo. 
 Ascetism *lca-sd; *tsdm. 
 Ascidium tdn-dek hik-bu rip. 
 Ashamed to be a-mlem glo; a-mlem 
 
 gyam non; uk. 
 Ashes yu; pd-yu; mi pur-dii; pru; pd- 
 
 gruk; pru-guk. 
 Aside a-pun; tuk-jer (101 a.). 
 Ask vydt; *jdt; to ask for ul. 
 Asleep mik-krap-bam-bo ; foot to he a. 
 
 (dyan, ton) gyup or but non. 
 Asparagus racemosus no tsdl tsom flot. 
 Aspect pe-hlok; see sim lyan (si 1). 
 ■ Asp en -tree sd-pyek, rd-pyek. 
 Aspiration o-nyo; *le-sdt. 
 Aspire tal-ld ndk; aspiring to be sak- 
 
 cin tal-ld fal cin. 
 Asplenium esculentum td-kol tun-krok; 
 
 A. nidus kum-fydn sap tUn-krok. 
 Ass *pon-bo; wild ass *ky6n. 
 Assail tsam ndn; gd; gdr, in numbers 
 
 from. 
 Assemble vb. t. kiik; gyom (58 a.); bdm; 
 
 vb. n. zum; tyii; piin. 
 Assembly a-tyu; Ke-zdn; *dut-mo; mi 
 
 mon; kur-mom; fd-vor [vorj. 
 Assent tu; *tup; *tup. 
 Asseverate myd; myd byi. 
 Assiduity fUr-ldt. 
 Assign ka, frd. 
 Assimilate with nyot. 
 Assist cot byi; top; tdn-dok mat. 
 Assistance a-dot a-cot; piin-tdp (_\i2 b.) 
 
 pun-jd; a-pon. 
 Assistant tydl-bo; bin-bo; kd-hlep-bo 
 
 (381 b.). 
 Astilbe rivularis bren-go-wd. 
 Astonished to%e *yit-si, *yut-si; pok ndn. 
 
 Astonishment a-mik a-nyo vun. 
 
 Astride pd-hly6k [hlyokj. 
 
 Astringent t'ol-ld; tdt-td tdt-td [tdt]; a- 
 
 krup. 
 Astronon^er *kar-tsii wyon-bo; *kar-tsii 
 
 ydm-bo; * nak-tsH-bo ; sd-hdr fron-bo. 
 Astur badius tUn-ki. 
 Asunder *par-cdk; g6n-ld; (siik-)sak-kd. 
 Asyle fo-lyan; a-fydk; fyok-bo; (ydk-lyan; 
 
 *k6k-lyan. 
 At -ka; tHk-jer-ka; a-pun-ka (jpun). 
 Athlete dyun-bo. 
 Athwart fydk-kd. 
 Atlas (butterfly) *ku-t6n. 
 Atmosphere td-lyan, *par-(pur-) mom- 
 
 ts'dm. 
 Atrophy nd-ru- 
 Attach kydp; bye; to be attached bin 
 
 (byin'); tik-non; a. to sUn-tyan [tyan] ; 
 
 zdk. 
 Attack vb. gd; gor; a-tyak-ka lat; 
 
 tsam. 
 Attain tsdt; t'ok; len; lyo. 
 Attempt pyet; dyul; ndk. 
 Attend ndk; *nydn; a. to a-yan mat; a. 
 
 upon *ca-gd mat; tek-han mat. 
 Attendance *ca-g6; a-tek a-han; atten- 
 dant tek-han (nia£)-bo; *sap si; *sap ci. 
 Attention *'a-nydn; a-yan; ndk; *n6n-td. 
 Attenuated to be cim. 
 Attractive an. 
 A u cub a himalaica sin-na. 
 Audacious to be td; *nii. 
 Audience *c6k-bii {*cak). 
 Augment vb. t. kdl; kdm; kyep tyolmat; 
 
 no; rom mat; vb. n. bun. 
 Aunt a-nyu (108 6.); aunt-in-law a-nop 
 
 inb.)_ 
 
 Auspicious kin-tsum-nyim-bo ; *tem-bre 
 
 a-ryum; dyak-bam-bo. 
 Austere to be gar. 
 Authentic a-yan; *no t'ok; nd fok. 
 Authority ""tkt; Hdn; *b6n ci. 
 Auxiliary td-bon tsdk-bo [bdnj. 
 Avail p6n. 
 
 Avalanche sd-non dyiip. 
 Avaricious kom lidn-bo (232 a.) 
 Averse to be gydt; gyot; not. 
 
Aversion — Axle -tree 
 
 Babbler— Barb 
 
 463 
 
 Aversion mik-jum; cer-riin; *se-hre; *se- Awl *soi\ 
 
 lok. Awry to be dor;, kye. 
 
 Awake adj. a-sim; vb. t. U-ld mat; U Axe prit. 
 
 nyon; vb. n. si q. v. Axle-tree tyu. 
 
 Away •pyap-'pd, pyil-ld pyil-ld [pi 1]. 
 
 Awkward mun-ju; md-glen-nd; m-iid 
 on-iid ts&m non. 
 
 B 
 
 Babbler see Pomatorhinus, small b. 
 
 Alcippe, Pelorneum, Gampsorhynchus, 
 
 Stachyridopsis; thrush-b. Tesia, Oligura, 
 
 Myiophonus. 
 Babbling nyot-td nyot-td; hon gyap-bo; 
 
 kum-si-ydm-bo. 
 Baboon kd-bok. 
 Baby ayen-nd. 
 Baccaurea sapida sum-blin. 
 Bachelor td-gri van. 
 Back s. td-(tun-^guin; *gyap; (wrong 
 
 side) buk; upper back kum-Un; kum- 
 
 sun; backbone glyan; b. of knife kin — 
 
 vb. *gy6p. 
 Backbite vun; fdn. 
 Backside tuk-cek (^^^ a.') 
 Backwards gdn-lim; kHm-tul; lying b. 
 
 tHk-tyol; to roll b. nal. 
 Bad jdn, a-jdn, jdn-bo ; jen-bo ; a-fldt; md- 
 
 ryu-num-bo; a-nok; a-gdt; *nen; a-tydp 
 
 badly hl6n-nd hl6n-nd. 
 Badamtam n. pr. pd-dam tarn. 
 Badger see Helictis monticola. 
 Bag gip, td-(tun-')gip; *Kdm; *1iuk, tsam- 
 
 liuk; *kyal-bo, *kye-bo; kum-bal; tsam- 
 
 gok; money-bag pd-hrun [hriin] ; net-b. 
 
 td-ryon [ryon]. 
 Baggage bH, *to; *l6m-ce. 
 Bahangi blin. 
 
 Bail mi-sd to-mo (personal security). 
 Bailiff tsat-bo; mlo-ran-bo. 
 Bait v6r-ka (ta-ryek bu) lam. 
 Bake ayur; m; byup. 
 Balance kyd; *s6n. 
 Balcony *rap-sa. 
 
 Bald kd-glok-ld [gldkj. 
 
 Ball a-p6t [pot] ; fam-plydk, a-pldk [pldk] ; 
 a-tydm,; of rice zo byon; of gun dyu; 
 formed into a b. a-ap [apj. 
 
 Ballon pur-vun [vun]. 
 
 Balustrade po. 
 
 Bamboo po see Dendrocalamus, Cepha- 
 lostachyum, Arundinaria, Bamboosa 
 nutans; pd- S; pd-gryen, pd-cel, pd-j6k, 
 pd-tu, pd-tyovi, pd-fok, pd-miit, pd-muvi, 
 pd-ydn, pd-rok, pd-sd, pd-son, pd-su, 
 pd-si, puk, pron, fyun, mat-lo, blin, bi'dn, 
 rd-vet, ruk-vyit, yum, dry b. rok, shoot 
 of b. po-ruk; excrescence of b. ydn- 
 min; flower of b. a-hii; tabasheer ^o but, 
 split b. blik, bark of b. a-kok; b. -plank 
 tun-gun tun-fri, edges of b. piin-sdr 
 [sor] ; b. -vessel td-lap, cum, pd-dam; 
 b -cup tdn-tek. See also c'wr (ad ^o-rw^). 
 
 Bamboosa balcoa blin, B. nutans mat-lo. 
 
 Band *a-rek, tam-rek [rek] ; pa; dam 
 across the head a-t'yak ka. 
 
 Bandage a-dan [dan]; td-klep [klep] ; 
 nyip-pui'i. 
 
 Bandit [yen mun; titk-mo fyen; *cok-po. 
 
 Baneful jum. 
 
 Banish lyan-nvn dot, lyan-niin nok; ryak. 
 
 Bank of earth po; dom, rUn-ddm. 
 
 Banker (Adw) ayuk-bo. 
 
 Banquet *tdm-bo; ran. 
 
 Baptism a-jam, bap-ti-sd-ma. 
 
 Bar td-rol [rol]; td-fan, a- fan [fan]; vb. 
 brol; to form into bars yul. 
 
 Bar- wing see Ixops. 
 
 Barb hik kur-tyu. 
 
464 
 
 Barber — BatLe 
 
 Battle^ — Beetle 
 
 Barber hip-bo. 
 
 Barb at kd-fdk-fo; see Megaloema. 
 Bard bon fin; niim-fydn ; mun-bo. 
 Bare td-gryuk; hd-gryuk-ld [gryukj; kd- 
 
 glok-ld [glokj ; kun-krdn-ld [krdn] ; kd- 
 
 lut [lutj ; pd-hrok-ld [hrok] ; fiik-f.uk- 
 
 Id; bare-footed a-fon a-gun. 
 Bark s. a-pi, of bamboo a-kok. 
 Bark vb. lik; pu; a tree sok; plyom. 
 Barking of dog a-pum; b.-deer sd-kd, 
 
 *lia-sa; Tbr: niim-kan-mo, mUr-kan see 
 
 hun. 
 Barley kyo, kd-kyo. 
 Barrel a-gli. 
 Barren pd-hrdk-ld [hrok] ; a-san; ko-lum, 
 
 kren; to become b. ton; barrenness nUm- 
 
 san mun. 
 Barricade fok; gryom [gryo] ; brol. 
 Barometer td-lyan nydt-bo. 
 Base nyok (coin); dor; ryon-nd ryoii-nd 
 
 (sound). 
 Basely (dishonestly) gi-ld. 
 Base 11 a tUn-kufi rik. 
 Bashful mil yak-lUn; a-boii yak bam; a- 
 
 mlem gyam; md-nii-mim-bo ; bashfulness 
 
 pok yak. 
 Basil gya bi. 
 Basin vuk. 
 
 Basis *sap, *te; a-bdn; juk, *ji. 
 Basket biin-mvi-bo see under kiir-vyo; 
 
 Ic.yon; jip; tuk-nyer [nyerj ; td-gar [gar].^; 
 
 ta.n-gi'ydn [gryon] ; tUn-jan jjan] ; tiin- 
 
 ddn; tiin-dyon; do ku tUn-dyon; nan- 
 
 ku mo; pa-kii; pun-ko; pe-lun; pyen-tok; 
 
 rUn-tok; riin-bok; ruii-vdl; *zep-mo; to 
 
 plait b. fydr; plaiting of b. a-sor; 
 
 bamboo for raddling b. pd-li, 'tan-ko; 
 
 to-ka; edging of b. rHim-pum; to line 
 
 with leaves Up sdp; commencement of 
 
 b. a-rol, a-hryam; rotten b. a-hun, new 
 
 bottom of b. a-hlyek. 
 Bassia longifolia riin-gdn kun; B. bu- 
 
 tyracea ydk-kun. 
 Basonshaped a-pruk. 
 Bastard *ba-te6; *ta-kd; kHp len; a-kup 
 
 b&ti. 
 Bat (animal) bryan. 
 Bathe mil tUt; mii con. 
 
 Battle a-dyiit; fydn-dyHt ; dyii- nu [dyuj. 
 Bauhinia cik kun; B. variegata ra kun; 
 
 B. Vahlii pd-gun rik; B. Wallichii siin- 
 
 gun rik. See under don 2. 
 Bazar *sdn-dii; *hrom; *tson-dii; to es- 
 tablish a b. te'on tsdk. 
 Be go, gd, gd, gtim; kd; nyi, dyin; *ydt; 
 
 nun; bam; si; it is -pa; it is so *la, 
 
 *la so; be-it-so yan-Hn. 
 Bead ndr; kun un. 
 Beak bon, a-bon; beaked kiiii-krom-bo 
 
 [krom]. 
 Beam of floor tin, transverse b.'s of 
 
 house ttik-prol [prolj; ram. 
 Bean (v,k-byit; see sim-pi tHk-byit. 
 Bear s. sd-na; Mk dyen; liin-bdn; Tbr.: 
 
 tUn-gop-mo. 
 Bear vb. bii (to carry); fik, fik bu, (to 
 
 bring forth); td: Id; tsdk; *ydn (to 
 
 suffer). 
 Beard *se-gyin; kd-ydt, b. of corn a-cd. 
 Beast tam-cdn ; fam-bik fam-cdn. See dyon. 
 Beat buk; klyot; tyok; bit; lyiip; to beat 
 
 brown and blue nyan-ld tyok; to b. 
 
 the drum pap, see tsak pHr-zdn; to b. 
 
 in (rain) hit; beating pd-tin [titij, kd- 
 
 klop [klop], to be beaten down nal non. 
 Beau zHk zuk mat-bo. 
 Beautiful a-zHk; ryam-bo, a-ryam; sum; 
 
 pd-su pd-dm; tam-i; tun-la {la); *gd 
 
 cok; a-con; a-tsum; a-mik-sd; See 2aV; 
 
 yel; *2d; vit. 
 Because m go yo gdn; ydn, yon; -ren 
 
 see under lyan. 
 Beckon pa. 
 
 Become nun; non; mat; li; lyat; be- 
 comingly po-ld, po tet. 
 Bed *An'; b. of river 16m. 
 Bedding "ziim-mal. 
 Bedstead *ziim hri. 
 Bee M; i; dyi; sd-im; tot; see mUk-nyam; 
 
 tHk-bUm; bdk dyol; bee's nest pii., a-pu.. 
 Beeeater sun-hrok-fo, see Merops, 
 
 Nyctiornis. 
 Beer ci; *c6n. 
 Beetle fam-bik [bik] see riip ci bik; sd- 
 
 dydr ci bik; zo tsUn-bo; la-gyek; don din 
 
 bik; dan ku bik: biit. 
 
Befall— Bent 
 
 Berber is — Bischoffia 
 
 465 
 
 Befall zdk; pid; viat ((am mat); sd. 
 Before adv. dyo; dyo han; ay a; td-dijo; 
 
 nd-Jian sd-dyo; pd-dyo; tvk-tsu (tsu); 
 
 *nd, *Ti6; postp. kvr-von, kvr-v6n-ka; 
 
 *kum-dun-ka; as before a-ton zdn. 
 Beforehand han ryin. 
 Beg ul, *su; to beg for an. 
 Beget *pyu-mo co; gyek. 
 Beggar ul-bo; *sd-nyim ul-bo; *jum-bo 
 
 ul-bo; *sd-nyim kyop {gyiik~)-bo ; 'pyon 
 
 lon-bo. 
 Begin dyit; *tsam;jen; kyop [kop] ; hryam; 
 
 tsun; byom [bom]. 
 Beginning a-dyit; a-bdn; a-ton; a-hryam; 
 
 tsun-liin; bum (258c(.) *Kun; evil b. a-Ut. 
 Begonia svn-cor. 
 Behead a-fyak 'not or tydt {\.Q2b.); tuk- 
 
 tok till (140 a.),- Tbr: M viik (i. 
 Behind td-gum-ka ; a-lon ; a-lon-ka ; hlep- 
 
 lun. 
 Behold -iidk. 
 Being sim; human being num-sim niim- 
 
 bam (bdm)-nyo. 
 Believe *de7i ri; fdh-nd sak-cin, a-tdii 
 
 cin. 
 Bell Id-fu; *hri-bo, *kri-bo; tar (tiir), 
 
 tar (turybum; tar (turyji; pun-lep [lepj ; 
 
 bellflower sUn-flyu/t muk; bellshaped 
 
 Id-ly&m-ld [lyomj. 
 Bellis perennis *jam-by6n rip. 
 Bellow bu; nor kyop; ok tso mat. 
 Bellows tuk (tiin)-siip [svp]. 
 Belly bdk, td-bdk; *ku-to. 
 Belonging to -sd. 
 
 Beloved *ce-K}vn-sd; non ce mat-nyim-bo. 
 Below CO, CO cu etc.; min (myin); me, me-d 
 
 etc., myil; cu, cul; cu, su, sd-gram, *wok. 
 Belt a-ka [ka], dor-ka; a-ri [ri], dor-ri; 
 
 rii. yun; gin; * ku-ro; *ko-cdp [cop]. 
 Bench *Ue. 
 Bend vb. t. *guk; diir; *kvk; dyot; to b. 
 
 fingers krdk. 
 Beneath *wok. 
 
 Benediction ''cin-lop; ^pan-yan. 
 Benefit *c6; pon; *pan. 
 Benevolence *krin; go-wun. 
 Benevolent a-dum 16m zuk-bo; go-bo. 
 Bont s. a-[air. to be bent down yo; nal; 
 
 bol; top; tsiit; biju; bent down (crooked) 
 kd-gryo-bo, kvm-gryom-bo [gryo] ; kitm- 
 kom-ld (Jtovi); kvii-kdn-bo [kd-h]; blyon, 
 gar, bent outwards 161, Id-lal-ld, Id-I6l- 
 Id; b. backwards gly6n. 
 Berberis nepalensis kydr-bo kun; B. 
 
 concinna Uii silr. 
 Bercheniia floribunda run-gdn ku/'i. 
 Besides a-pldn-ka [pld/'ij; a-pin-ka [pin] ; 
 
 a-zvt-ka; md-dvn-nd: mat; man; man- 
 po; pyil-hl. 
 Besmear sit 
 
 Bespattered to be lydp; mryul. 
 Best ryum co, *rap; *cok. 
 Bestow kl6n; *toh, 'ton; b? (byi); bo. 
 Beta vulgaris bii- bi. 
 Betimes *n6, n6l. 
 Better, to feel b. ydh y6i\ li. 
 Be tula svii-li kun. 
 Between a-byek-ka; a-byer-ka; ncr, to 
 
 place b. klo^n. 
 Beware i i; tvA i i; *sun-nd. 
 Bewildered to be sak-nn or a-liit rat 
 
 non (331 a.); muh snk. 
 Bewitch *jak. 
 
 Beyond a-pin; a-pin-ka [pi 1]. 
 Bezoar on ri. 
 
 Bhringa remifer num-b6n pd-no 6n fo. 
 Bhutan *pru, a-rat lyan, Bh. -dialect u- 
 
 rat jo (102 a.) Bhutiya, Botiya hlo, a- 
 
 rat, *pru-mo, see kdn nyori; Tbr: s«- 
 
 liyer-mo. 
 Bias lin-ldt. 
 Bidens wallichii mm-gu tiik-tson, tiik- 
 
 ts6n mui'i-dyep. 
 Big *ce etc., bigbellied pd-bryu-Id [bryu] ; 
 
 piin-bry6n-ld [bryon], za-di/i bam. 
 Bind ^dam; to b. round ryek; kiim; to 
 
 b. together nyip; tan; binding go-mi; 
 
 to bind round gry6m. 
 Bird /b,- [o yii; *ca; *par-m6m-ts6m bam- 
 
 bo; b. of passage nam fron fo; female 
 
 b. a-bom., fo bom; young b. fo Jyen; a- 
 
 dyur; a-lyon; di; dyii; a tube used to 
 
 decoy birds pUm pd-tvt. 
 Birth a-gyek, gyek-ldt; to give b. plyak 
 
 byi, gyek. 
 Bischoffia javaiiicn sd-no/i kun. 
 
 30 
 
466 
 
 Bitch — Blunder 
 
 Blunt — Bottom 
 
 Bitch M-ju mdt. 
 Bite tsuk; ran; see under bon. 
 Bitter a-krim; krim-bo; fam-kri [krij. 
 Blab dijam. 
 
 Black a-ndk; td-nok; a-tyan; nak; nuk- 
 nok; nvk-nek; kicn-nd kiin-nd; black and 
 ■white a-b6k ; a-don; blackish a-^.i/o'«a-no'A. 
 Blackberry kd-ju dyit sum p6t. 
 Blackbird zo-nun fo. 
 Bladder y/i Um-pum. 
 Blade: young blades td-lyoit. 
 Blame vb. *kyon; *lun. 
 Blanket ra-di; *gya-cun-mo. 
 Blaspheme nyom-ld mat. 
 Blaze a-dyak; la la dyak. 
 Bleat pap. 
 
 Bleed *hrdk to; see wop. 
 Blemish *kyon; krip. 
 Blend (vary) pat. 
 Bless On byi; ci7i-l6p byi; blessed o/'i 
 
 tso/i-bo; * cin-nyim-bo. 
 Blessing on; *ydn; *nd; * kra-si; *mun- 
 
 16m: *cin; * cin-lop. 
 Blind nnik sap-bo. 
 Blister va; to rise in blisters pyom, 
 
 plyom; blistered to be plyut; hlyovi. 
 Bloated pd-bu-lu [bu]. 
 Blockade see from. 
 Block kam, kal; an-tsu; tol block up 
 
 vb. gryovi [gryo]. 
 Blockhead *poh-bo. 
 Blood vi, a-vi; vi nyo; *ku tsal; *hrdk; 
 Tbr.: moA sap-bo; smell of blood fol 
 ri n6m. 
 Bloodplieasant, Ithagenes cruentes sd- 
 
 mon fo, *sd-mo fo. 
 Blooming kw-ddn; bor-ld. 
 Blossom bor. 
 Blow vb. mdt, mut; bdk-ko tsdk; bu hak; 
 
 blowing the nose hin. 
 Blow s. buk; pd-iu, sound of heavy blows 
 
 kd-Icdk-ld [/fokj. 
 Blubber no vin; fy&r. 
 Blue fin, fiin-fin-bo; dark (purple-) blue 
 
 (num-) ndm. 
 Blumia pun-bon. 
 
 Blunder Muh-iid klonnd mat (klon); 
 kyol; zd; bon ret; s. a-liryd. 
 
 Blunt fuk-fluk-ld [fliik] ; pd-plap-ld [plapj; 
 pul-fop-ld [top] ; s6n s6n; torn; Ml; pok; 
 bluntly kldk-ld; klok-ld. 
 Blush a-mlem Mr. 
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis fin-fo. 
 Boa constrictor pd-no bu 
 Boar mon-bo, mdn-tsi/.; a youug b. a-bok; 
 
 Tbr.: sun-gan-mo. 
 Board a-klyop, an-to. 
 Boast *h'a ce kyop; go gum ydn mat; td- 
 
 do-ka tim mat U; novi, n&m. 
 Boat nd-var. 
 Bodily om-md. 
 
 Body *zu; md-zu; mu; mu-zii ; 'ku; *lu; 
 *lyu; *lyu; *pun; — *kon; without b. td- 
 bydn [bydj. 
 Boehmeria kd-myum, kun, B. ni vea kd-yen 
 
 ki muk. 
 Boil vb. t. cut; kd; no (/id^),- *tsu, *tso; 
 
 boiled men; som; — ■ s. fren. 
 Bold to be mydt; see *bdn. 
 Boletus see under tur- 1Mb. — 135 o.; 
 td-hlyei. dor [hlyet] ; td-hryiim, dor; so 
 nd-ldn dor (189 a ). 
 Bombast a-hril; *u-tsu. 
 Bomb ax tun-glu; svn-glu. 
 Bombyx major lum-ddn pd-tyu. 
 Bond bo; yiik-cet. 
 Bondage vyet-tsu. 
 
 Bone a-hrdt, b. of a snake a-c6n, fum-coii. 
 Book *co; *pu-ti. 
 Booty lak non. 
 Borax *ts'a-le. 
 
 Border a-ki/i, */id; nyo; bun-ri; bi. 
 Bordered tiin-kuu dum rip. 
 Bordering pya-ld. 
 
 Bore cdp; viir; having a large b. a-bdr. 
 Borer *sor. 
 Born g(y)ck; *fo', *kye; klyak (Tbr.); 
 
 *tdm non. 
 Borrow nyo lyd; num lyo. 
 Bosom kur-gu; kiir-sdk. 
 Boswellia thurifera "si-lo. 
 Botany kun rip-net. 
 Both nyi; nydt. 
 Bother gyon. 
 
 Bottom a-bdn; a-dek; a-mot; tun-cek; of 
 box td-kluii. 
 
Boundary — Breast 
 
 Breath — Brother 
 
 467 
 
 Boundary '^t^om; *tsiin-t'<6m; *san-tfdm 
 sei\ a-ser. 
 
 Boundless '^t-mn met. 
 
 Bow vb. kuk, gap, to b. the head a-t'yak 
 kuk or gap see *py6k tsa. 
 
 Bow s. sd-li; pellet-bow da-bryo sd-li; 
 string of b. a-grim; b. without string 
 a-jen; extremity of b. a-krik; the part 
 whore the hand clasps pydn (pydn)-sin; 
 to test strength of b. fran. See tuk- 
 bya, fyak-ko. 
 
 Bowels td-kli; bowel-c.omplaintssa-r« zdk. 
 
 Bowl *ka-yd; tek; tiik (t.mi)-bram [bram] ; 
 po-tv/i; td-lap (lap). 
 
 Box *rovi; de-mo; de-bo; sul-don; pur- 
 vak; pd-vak; a-pum; pd-tek; tun-bo; sd-ro. 
 
 Boy fd-lyen on. 
 
 Bracelet gydi\ b. for protecting the arm 
 against bowstring tuk-bya. 
 
 Braid (hair) fiot. 
 
 Brain a-fyak yon; a-ydn. 
 
 Brain- fever-bird bivi-pd-yid. 
 
 Branch a-kon; a-nvn; seeundev cur ; grydn. 
 
 Branch off a-kvp Ion. 
 
 Brandish (as sword) lyap. 
 
 Brass *rd-gan; "rdk. 
 
 Brassica rapa kd-nydn. 
 
 Brassaiopsis palmata sun-ton kun. 
 
 Brave a-lut a-tim-bo, a-lut tdm-bo. 
 
 Bravo! a-cu-le. 
 
 Brawl cok; */m rok sor. 
 
 Bray vb. tyok; tsu. 
 
 Broad k'u. 
 
 Breadth pyoVt; tvr-vok [vok] ; b. of cloth 
 dum-ptk; a-pik. 
 
 Break vb. t. gydl [gal, gdlj; hydl [hal] ; 
 dek; hrydl; liyek; prak; vb. n. gal; hal; 
 fat; dn (a b.),- gram; to b. one's pro- 
 mise rin-cet dek; to b. in cun; to b. 
 wind cut; to b. in two (siik-) sak-kd 
 dek; fek; pya; to b. by twisting por; 
 par; to b. off ddt; fan; pan; hlyak; 
 (maize) dydl; habits sok fat; to b. up 
 brok; brydt; *s6r. 
 Breakfast luk-kdl z6m. 
 Breast kiir-gu; kvr-sdk; woman's b. nyen 
 pum; nyen pot; with b. thrown out 
 glat glat. 
 
 Bruath .mm bum; a-som a-biim; see hdk; 
 
 to hold in b. pan; to breathe as fishes 
 
 sd-han sd-han mat. 
 Breed a-gyit [gyitj. 
 Breeze sd-fyiim, pur-fyum, so-fyum 
 
 [fyum]; nop kup; see far. 
 Bribe gi. 
 
 Brick dyin-kra; fat don. 
 Bridal contract see under luk-myen; a- 
 
 sek; Idn-kdm; nyen con tydt. 
 Bride nijovi, nyom al. 
 Bridegroom my ok. 
 
 Bridge td-hlam [hlamj; *s6m. See pti. 
 Bridle t'am-fu [t'lij Tbr.; (o7i-) ''sop. 
 Briedelia tomeutosa mun-tet; B. retusa 
 
 pen-ji. 
 Briefly tan-Id. 
 
 Brigands *horsok; fydn; tiik-mofydn{fyen'). 
 Bright kih'-son kiir-dii [son]; dn-iid dii- 
 
 iid; num-jil [jit] ; *wdt-nyim-bo; iih'i-Id 
 
 [Id]; tun-la [la]; a-zdv [zdrj ; gyor-bo. 
 Brightness "wdt; ^nam; tdr-nyon. 
 Brighten (weather) ryu de. 
 Brilliant pd-jit-ld [jit]; num-zdr [zdr] 
 
 see Bright. 
 Bring bi(. di; bii fi; Ion Iryd; Ion; bon hi; 
 
 bu- bon [bo] ; to bring forth g(y)ek byi; 
 
 giy^ek to; plyd Ion; to bring together 
 
 *gon; to b. up Ion; bit hron; ju; Ion 
 
 hr&n; su fo; to b. down bii yu. 
 Briskly bi/p-pd byep-pd [byep]; tuJc-kd 
 
 tdk-kd [tdk]. 
 Bristles tson, a tson, bristling up ra-ra-^a. 
 British India ''gya pi-lin. 
 Brittle krek-kd krek-kd; a-zdm; a-gdt; 
 
 gal-sum-bo; gram-ydm-bo; tsat-td tsat- 
 
 td; pol pol; fral-lun; nrap-pd nrap-pd. 
 Broad a-yon [yon]; klop-ld; tUm-tom-ld. 
 Broadbill see Psarisomus, Serilophus. 
 Broad faced td-far-bo [fa?]; pum-pl67n- 
 
 bo [plom]. 
 Broken d; ki/m-gram-ld, gram-bo [gram]; 
 
 pak-kd pok-kd (pok); to be b. dyd [d] ; 
 
 hail hyon [hyon] ; Hap; hon; hal; nd; 
 
 krot; dek; broken (voice) hryok-kd 
 
 hryok-kd; hon. 
 Broom piir-sit [sit]; *pyd-mo. 
 Brother see under nii. 1. (193 b.); eldest 
 
468 
 
 Bi'ow — Bur tie 11 
 
 Burial grount 
 
 -Butterfly 
 
 brother num-fran-bo (247 i.); younger 
 
 br. num (or dye/i, eii)-Jdep-bo (381 i.); 
 
 see under dyen. Brother-and sister- 
 lakes n. pr. liu-mo l6-mo da. 
 Brow mik-myoH. 
 
 Browbeat nan zop-lim li; see under t'yer. 
 Brown ur; md-mul [mul]; mun-mun 
 
 [mun]. 
 Brush pur-ait [sitj; "pak-zu; vb. *pydk; 
 
 pin. 
 Brushingly, lightly b. fik-ld. 
 Brutal to be brot. 
 Bubble vb. hlak; frdk-kd frdk-kd iso; 
 
 b. up pyul. 
 Bubble s. fd-byum [byumj. 
 Bucco graudis kd-nyo-fo. 
 Buceros kd-hlet-fo; kd-gr&n-fo. 
 Bucket jon-mo. 
 Buck Ian dia populnea sun-klyan or ■vthi- 
 
 kly&ni kun. 
 Buckle *ja-guk; cop; see hyak. 
 Bud s. a-biim, rip biim [bvj; rip edit. 
 Bud vb. 6i/, rip bH. 
 Buddha *'sdn (san)-yye, *sdH-gyd. 
 Buddlea su kun hlo; B. asiatica piju- 
 
 ram kun; B. neemala kun-ra. 
 Buffalo sun-vo. 
 
 Bug *re Mk; mun Mk; see nop. 
 Bugle sd-no; kd-hol; ko-hdl. 
 Bulb milt, a-miit; pam, a-pam; fibrous 
 
 juncture of b. nyet, a-nyet; see under 
 
 fu 2. 
 Bulbous root gyi^it, a-gyHt. 
 Bulbul see Hemixos, Alcurus, Molpastes, 
 
 Pycnonotus, Hypsipetes, Criniger. 
 Bulk pun. 
 Bulky to be hlii.m. 
 Bull bik-bH; bik-lon; *ldn. 
 Bullfinch see Pyrrhula. 
 Bully a-fi/e/' a-nan-sd rin U; riuzon; rin 
 
 li bo cet zoh (89 b.). 
 Bulrushes Mk-min; lUn-min. 
 Bunch a-pyiin [pyiin]; tyum. 
 Bundle a-tan [tanl ; a-ton [ton]; a-covi 
 
 [com] ; bun; bat; iiik-vol [vol]. 
 Bunting see Chrysomitris. 
 Buprestis bicolor ha-klyop. 
 Burden fa7n-bun, Im; *to; *do. 
 
 Burial ground cok bron-lyah, cok bravi- 
 lyan, md-ro mak-bo-sd fun so-sd lyan. 
 
 Burlesque niin-fd (fd). 
 
 Burn vb. n. mi dyak; dop (to be con- 
 sumed); vb. t. dyop, fdn, mi-ka fdn; 
 fan; hrydk; to b. corpse pHr jii; a-fi/n 
 fan; burnt tm^-non Tbr.; burnt (cooked 
 rice) tsop, nrom; burning a-fdn; a- 
 hrydk; burning jungle mi rek; burning 
 smell a-kotn&ni; tam-kot; burning-glass 
 mi-ser. 
 
 Burrow vb. pHr; fol. 
 
 Burst ddn; dek; pat; bu; bydp; fa fa; b. 
 forth sol; b. open bik; b. out prok, pot. 
 
 Bury lap; a-fH/'t lap; fdt lap; vyet mat 
 Tbr.; fdt-ka ma; to be buried md-ro 
 fyan fat Tbr. 
 
 Bush a-kun; kun-dyon, a-jOk. 
 
 Bushwood muk; von. 
 
 Bushy sHin-som [som] ; don don; dyum 
 dyam; tymn fyom; sUn-son-ld [m/lj. 
 
 Business *gan, gydn, gyen, gen, *K6k\ 
 kd plok (4 6.); *pye-wo; *bdn; a man of 
 b. kur-viom cok. 
 
 Bustle a-lom a-ddn (362 6.). 
 
 B at yan-ld; yah-nd; sen-Id; gdn-ld; go-run. 
 
 ButcJier cen-zdn., *dik-ci cet-bo. 
 
 Butea frondosa Id-ho kun. 
 
 Buteo pun-fydii. 
 
 Butt vb. tek. 
 
 Butter *m6r; nyen-sd a-lHt. 
 
 Butterfly fam-blydk, fam-blyok [blydk], 
 see kd-so nyom f.-bl., ka-den f.-bl., kUn- 
 tor f.-bl., kur-do/i t'.-bl., ki/r-son f.-bl., 
 krun f.-bl., gya-kram f.-bl., cik f.-bl., 
 cim f.-bl., co-gu f.-bl., jer f.-bl., nyo kun 
 f.-bl., td-mdr f.-bl., tiik-bryot f.-bl., 
 tuk-men f.-bl., tiik-siin mar [si, sim], 
 tUn-kun f.-bl., nd-zdr, niim-lyen f.-bl. 
 (lyen), nok tyan f.-bl. pd-gu f.-bl., 
 po-se f.-bl., fdt-ji f.-bl., fo kHp f.-bl, 
 mik vyol f.-bl., miin-yun f.-bl, mor 
 f.-bl, mor kyo f.-bl, tsak ha f.-bl, zu 
 f.-bl, yel bik; rip f.-bl, ro doh mo, 
 ro don kiip, Id-vo loh f.-bl, ha klyop, 
 sd-ku td-byen, stin-don, sum-plyah f.-bl, 
 sam-si pum-bo, si-mar or si-mdr, sim- 
 don t-bl, dyit f.-bl, ayii f.-bl. 
 
Buttermilk — By 
 
 Cabb age — Careya 
 
 469 
 
 Buttermilk ka-cu; to. 
 
 Buttocks tuk-cek [cek] ; to move along 
 
 on b.'s no bu noA. 
 Button s. go dam; on spindle kijdr; vb. 
 
 go dam cet. 
 
 Buy par. 
 
 Buzzard (crested) Id-kyo fo, see Buteo. 
 
 By -nun v. sub. kd, kd-nun by means of; 
 
 mat-ba, mat-bdn; by and by nye, a-nye; 
 
 close by tyol; fol-ba; tuk-jer-ka 
 
 Cabbage hi-bum. 
 
 Cactacfiae lu kun. 
 
 Cackle dydk-kd aydk-kd lik. 
 
 Caesalpinia bonducella yan kup. 
 
 Cage *zep-mo; grem. 
 
 Cake of tea *ba-gdk; *co pak-gok. 
 
 Calamity sak; sd-fi; *kdt. 
 
 Calamus ruk-lop; C. macracanthus rii 
 bi; C. montanus ru; C. schizospathus 
 ron; C. flagellum rim; C leptospadix 
 lat; C. inermis brul; see Plectocomia; 
 pd-gofi pd-am. 
 
 Calaudra dar-bu; C. heros dyafi-din bik, 
 tun-din bik. 
 
 Calcedony *con. 
 
 Calculate fron, to c. upon a-lut-tiin nan 
 
 or 6d« (352 6.)- 
 Calculation a-fron; tsu, tu-tsu. 
 Calendar *kar-tsu. 
 Calendula hik ti rip; mun-gor. 
 Calf bik klip; '*pu kup; bik pu; (of leg) 
 
 (a) fon CO bdk; ti/n-co. 
 Call vb. t. lik; md; (to give a name) a- 
 
 bryan tik; a-bryan dun{-lun) lik (272 6.); 
 
 yot [*yo]; to be called (a-)bryan bii; 
 
 so-called yom-bo; yo-re; yo-bu; yo-bo 
 
 ryoj, lo. 
 
 Callicarpa rubella sUk-gru muk. 
 
 Callous to be tu; tyol; nok. 
 
 Calm sak-dm, to be c. kyam; calmly sd- 
 
 kyam-ld, jam-Id [*j6m]. 
 Calophyllum polyanthum sitn-lyer. 
 Calosantlies pd-gu. 
 Calumuiiite a-brydn gydt bo (272 6.); 
 
 vun; lydk; cir. 
 Calumny fdn-ldt. 
 Calyx a-bom [bom]. 
 
 Camel lum-dda. 
 
 Camp (of soldiers) ''gar. 
 
 Can Ku; jo; *won. 
 
 Canarium bengalense nd-rok pa. 
 
 Cancer (disease) po rap; yo-mo; (crab) 
 
 td-M. 
 Candle mi-glot. 
 Cane see Calamus. 
 Canna coccinea kd-fydr. 
 Cannon sd-dydr mi mo. 
 Canopy din-dam [din]; nan-dam (170 b.); 
 
 pun-don; la-re; lap-re. 
 Cap tuk-tak; fyak-tuk; tdn-tek; tUn-tek 
 
 [tek] ; *sa. 
 Capable Mjn-bo; bar; *pe. 
 Capability ki-ko (16 6.). 
 Capacious bar. 
 
 Capital (stock in trade) a-mo; kom ban. 
 Capitalist byom-nyim-bo. 
 Capitation a-t'yak-fron kon. 
 Capparis pun-re kun. 
 Capra see Ibex. 
 Caprimulgus indicus td-m&r fo; C. al- 
 
 bonotatus din-pit. 
 Capsicum sd-kar: mdr-ji. 
 Captain a-fyak-bo. 
 Captive "tsdn. 
 Carcinome po-rop. 
 Card (cotton) op. 
 Carduus kun-zom. 
 
 Care *ce-wiin; *ndn-t6; * Hor-de ; ndk-lun. 
 Careful to be gyd, gyum; nan-to mat; 
 
 a-iat-ka nan-ten-ld mat. 
 Careless fdn-nd fdn-nd; bra-sd; to be 
 
 c. zol. 
 Caress dyun; top. 
 Careya arborea bok-tok. 
 
170 
 
 Oargo— Category 
 
 Caterpillar- Chaff 
 
 Cargo nd-var-sd bii.; bii-ici)//; bu-ldt. 
 
 Caries sim hul; fo bii. 
 
 Carine braraa see under tiik-pum-fo- 
 
 Carpenter kwl zo-bo. 
 
 Carpet *bd; a-ldp (lap). 
 
 Carpophaga insignis fd-mdk-fo. 
 
 Carriage *sin-ta, kun-on; (conveyance) 
 
 a-bun [bii]. 
 Carried, to be c. along blut, yot; to be 
 
 0. away plydn. 
 Carrot Id-o-mo; *ra-nye; *ca-iud. 
 Carry bu, budi; so; ''Ion; vol; iel; to c. 
 
 under arm pd-kip-ka pit bii (204 6.); 
 
 to c. away kit [ki 16 b.]; tsdn bii non; 
 
 to c. away and sell as slave sUn-va 
 
 Tbr.; to c. (solids) to mouth of 
 
 another dm. 
 Cartilage brat; c. of nose ^na-hrep, 
 
 '^7id-hrep; tiik-nom-hrcp [n&inj. 
 Carve *kr6; tsu; hak; vot. 
 Caryopteris Wallichiana md-lit. 
 Caryota urens sd-mon; rHa-bdn. 
 Cascade un tHk-sot [sot]. 
 Cascidae jer tam-bik; kom tam-bik. 
 •Case (incident) tydn-ldt; see nun, lat; 
 
 in c. of -ka; (sheath) hi/am; *rojn. 
 Casearia tUn-ki kun; C. glomerata sii.k- 
 
 (sUn-^cot kun. 
 Cassia fistula sUn-gyen. 
 Cast (in eye) see a-mik dor (289 a.). 
 Cast tyok; t'yer; dydn (ddri); *ayii.k; to c. 
 
 net tak; to c. off nol; flat; to c. down 
 
 pok; to c. out plyd nyon; nok; ryak. 
 Castanopsis rufescens see under &d-ri.- 
 C as ting '*pdr. 
 ' Castle gri; to build castles in air a-bon- 
 
 niin nyot mat. 
 Castor-oil-plant hik-bH riik-lop. 
 Castrate pap; bop pap; ut. 
 Casuality tydn-ldt. 
 Cat a-lyu; si-myan Tbr. 
 Cataract in eye t'ii, a-mik t'ii. 
 Catarrh nyidyop; nyisUp run; (a-)fyup. 
 Catch tsam,; fra tsam, to c. birds see 
 
 hro tsok; to c. (fire) tsdt. 
 Catechu kd-cd; kiir-va kd-cd; kHr-cin 
 
 rik(f) 
 Category (a-)fydk; *kre. 
 
 Caterpillar see td (tiin)-c/rdn bii;. tiik- 
 
 s6n-bi) ; pd-cim-bu; pa (jpHr^-cak-bv ; pu- 
 
 tyok-bit; piir-mdn-bii- ; sd-lon. 
 Caught to be non (200 b s. 3.); *gok; 
 
 huk. 
 Cause s. kdn; *kyon; *tdn; pum-zdt; 
 
 *siiA; lyan 
 Cause vb. k67i; kit; kyop. 
 Caution ce-wiin. 
 Cautions to be gyiim. 
 Cave, Cavern kiim; Id-liap; *pii-pak; 
 
 * ne. 
 Cease lyot [lot]. 
 Cedrela toona sd-mdl kw). 
 Ceiling pd-hloii [hloii]. 
 Celastius paniculata rvk-lim; C. niono- 
 
 sperma tuu-brum kun. 
 Celebrate prya; *sd; a-bryau mat; vdm- 
 
 rin-ld li [vdj. 
 Celery sUn-zam bi. 
 Cell in honey-camp u-fyv; v6t-[yii 
 Cellular fyii-nyim-bo; pd-hran-ld [hraii] ■ 
 Celosia cristata sd-nyim. 
 Celtis tetandra sun-sun kuii. 
 Cemetery cok bi'on (bram^-lyaii. 
 Cenotaph san-tan. 
 Censer *pd por. 
 
 Census luk-re; *ini tsU etc. (286 a.). 
 Centiped td-gri bii, jen. 
 Centre a-lUt; a-cHk. 
 Centrococcyx nyon. 
 Cephalostachyum capitatum pd-yd/i; 
 
 pd-yofi. 
 Cerchneis tinuuculus see tUn-ki. 
 Ceremony *co-kd; nya-ro; nyi-ro 
 Ceriornis satyra td-ryok fo 
 Certain, a c. zon; kd-ta mii.; kat. 
 Certainly dyHm-ba; si ce-nd; go-pa; go- 
 
 po; dk ce-nd; nyi-ld; da; '^fok-cdt-ld; 
 
 la; sd-ld; see -twn. 
 Certhia discolor sd-dydr fo. 
 Cervi cal vertebra a (tiik or tv/t)-lin [li/i]. 
 Cervus sd-vin C. affinis id.; C. porcinus 
 
 sd-tyd; Cervulus aureus sd-kd, sd-kd. 
 Ceryle guttata un kd-ju; C. mdis un td 
 
 (tvJi)-brik (brip)-fo. 
 Cetonia sd-lyan bik. 
 Chaff td-fyek [fyek]. 
 
Chain— Cheerful 
 
 Cheese - Christ 
 
 471 
 
 Chain s. kd-hryak [hryak] ; iiik-vil; pun- 
 
 jin; *ca-fdk; (series) a-gom. 
 Chain vb vil; vil-lun davi. 
 Chair *hri; tun-hran liri [hran] ; ^gya liri. 
 Chalcophaps indica bul-fo; kii (ay') dr-fo. 
 Chalk fdt dum. 
 Chameleon kut. 
 Chamber U a-ger;*zinn cun. 
 Chamberlain * ziim-fdn. 
 Chambermaid *zum sa-ta-mo. 
 Champion t'yok-bo. 
 Chance n-ic-ldt 
 Change "vb. t. lydk; uyuk; fat; lydt 
 
 (clothes); vb. n. po; vaii; dyun. 
 Changeable sol-Id mol-ld; jdnjdn; a-liit 
 
 gyap-bo. 
 Changing pur-van-bo. 
 Channel cw?z, tuk-cum. [ciu] ; (a-)hri/. 
 Chant vd. 
 
 Chaos pyok-ldt [fokj. 
 Chapati K'u a-lep. 
 
 Chapped to be Uek; Kyen; tsup, tsuin. 
 Chapter a-prol; sun ton^ sui'i prol; a-hlyon 
 
 a-prdl. 
 Character *gyu. 
 Characteristic '"to. 
 Charcoal sur-vo; mi tuk-fyol. 
 Charge s. liok, '*gan, *gen. 
 Charge vb. kii; *nydt; pi; to cliarge 
 
 with *Ii-dk La; bydt [bat]; torn. 
 Charity a-go [go]; *jim-bo; *sd-nyim. 
 Chark-ha kydr-ko. 
 Charm s. a-myel a-yon [myel]; *nam- 
 
 yii.k; suii-bo; *na, ^no; '^ka-wo See *dd. 
 Charm vb. an [d2]. 
 Charming a-go a-zuk [zvk]; puii. 
 Chase mdn ryak. 
 
 Chaste *dom-tb'6n; tam-bo mat-bo; tok-bo. 
 Chastity tok-ldt; *co-hrim. 
 Chat see Niltava, Orcicola. 
 Chatter pyap pyap; bap bap; u-pyop 
 
 rill mat; rin cap. 
 Cheap '*ke-ma; *&. 
 
 Cheek td-gryu; pouch in ch. as mon- 
 key's pHr-dyon muk. 
 Cheekbones nyi-tyum; num-t'yum; mv- 
 
 lyum; ?iin)i-tyum. 
 Cheerful kiir-dii; sak-:d/,; suk-zdr-ld. 
 
 Cheese "tut; sal dem. 
 
 Cheleuasicus ruficeps con td-fyep fo. 
 
 Chelidorhynx hypoxantha si'-td klyam. 
 
 Cherish *cdn; ju fo; dak nyit. 
 
 Cheroot bi-ro. 
 
 Cherry kdn-ki pot. 
 
 Chess mi{- mon (286a.),- sd-fdn bik 
 
 (373 b.); chessboard *gydn-po. 
 Chest (thorax) kHr-gii; (box) *row. 
 Chestnut kd-'so mmpot; kd-so ton (160a.). 
 Chew ye; fom. 
 
 Chibia hottentota fd-(fo-)v6n fo. 
 Chicken hik ktjp; hik niivi-jil [jil] : 
 
 chicken-pox kd-fyer. 
 Chief adj. tok; pum: '^rap; go; the cliief- 
 part fyen; the chief-point a-hiii; the 
 chief-cause a-pum s. a-fyak-bo; '^pyi-bo: 
 pyi-pdn; *ne-bo; *tok-pdn; "ga-pdn. 
 Chiefly a-lum [luj. 
 Chieftain a-lon-bo [Ion]. 
 Child a-kiip; ayen bon; oii; oil kiip; tiik- 
 dim-bo [di]; children oit Zdi,- naked 
 child see tuk-zoii vya; see under <(/«//; 
 stealer of children (evil spirit) suh-groii. 
 Childish a-kiip zdii, to become ch. hyu. 
 Chill kyan. 
 Chill am td-gdn tyak. 
 Chilled to be so-noii-nini dop noii. 
 Chimarrhornis loucocephnlus inor ti 
 
 tap-fo. 
 Chime in klep. 
 Chimney mi kan Idm. 
 Chin gd; gd ; td-gd; chin-deep t'iirfet, a-fiir. 
 C h ina *gya nok, Chinese * gya-mi, gya-mo. 
 Chipped a-krit; pd-krit [kri] ; a-hryc. 
 Chirping ky dp-pun ; tvk-cuk. [cuk] . 
 Chisel ^zoii. 
 Chloropsis cak-lem. 
 Choice dom-ldt; go-dom. 
 Choke ddt-ldyak; to be choke-full "'"ih'i; 
 
 choking sd-dyin. 
 Cholera pok dun ddk. 
 Chonemorpha see dyok. 
 Chontong n. pr. tsoh-toh. 
 Choose dom; go dom mat. 
 Chop iyot; ndt. 
 
 Chowrie (chauri) yok-sim vydl-h)m-bo. 
 Christ pd-no J. 1, 42. 
 
472 
 
 Christians— Clarion 
 
 Clasp— Clot 
 
 Christians kri-s(dytan-sdn. 
 
 Chronic adj niin-ru [ru]; see j>, ji-vor, 
 
 Chronic disease pd-hu pd-nyi [hu]; 
 
 nvm-dyin mun. 
 Chrysococcyx hodgsoni un-fd 
 Chrysolaptes sultaneus td-M wom-bo-fo. 
 Chrysomitris tibetana tvk-nyil nyon. 
 Chrysophlegma flavinucha mvn-cuk-fo; 
 
 mun-klyon-fo. 
 Chuck itydp; see under hik; chucking 
 
 kr&k krdk. 
 Churlish to be brot. 
 Churn *su; nyen kyok; churning - rod 
 
 "siip-mo. 
 Cicada see sam-si; Id-gek; Id-yoh; tiin- 
 
 jer vi; td-ndk; td-rel; bdk-dyol; ko-win. 
 Cinders mi tuk-fyol. 
 Cinnamomum glanduliferum ro-Mi; C. 
 
 obtusifolium nvp-sor; see sun-sor. 
 Circaetus nepalensis on yv. 
 Circle tiJr-klak tvr-num [klak] ; tuk-cdp 
 
 [cdp] ; *kyin-kor; *kor. 
 Circuit *kor, a-kor. See var-rd var-ru. 
 Circuituous a-vdk; go-vd. 
 Circular kor-ld; vdn-nd vdn-r'id; liul. 
 Circulate vufi; lot kor. 
 Circumcision see under ten. 
 Circumference tur-klak [klak]. 
 Circumlocution vun-ld var-rd rin; rih 
 
 kdh-hi kdn-kydk. 
 Circumspection gyum-ldt; ce-wvn. 
 Circumstances *lo gyu; fam-pat-pdn 
 
 [pat]. 
 Circumvent kor-luiidi; klak; *tum; vat 
 
 [vd] ; cem. 
 Cissa sinensis cap-lin-fo. 
 City *hrom. 
 Civet, tiger-civet see Prionodon and 
 
 sun-dak (412 a.). 
 Claim s. pon. 
 Clair to be son. 
 Clairvoyance sur-vin. 
 Clamour tuk-tsdl [tsol] ; *lok-cor. 
 Clandestinely a-mryon [mron] ; pd-zdvi ; 
 
 sur-ka. 
 Clap brydk, bryek [brdkj ; tak tak mat. 
 Clarion kd-hol, sd-no. 
 
 Clasp *kU; kyup; *zet; hor; vor. 
 
 Clasp s. td-rol [rol]. 
 
 Class a-fyak; dyep; *kre. 
 
 Classify dyep ka. 
 
 Clavicle sd-gryon. 
 
 Clausen a Wildenovii td (tiin)-hrilkurikvp. 
 
 Claw pvn-ci; (of tiger, leopard) tvk-br6k 
 
 [brokj. 
 Clay *dam-sdk; fdt-yvvi 
 Clean dum-bo [du] ; a-sdt [sd] ; tvn-dyaic 
 
 [dyan]. 
 Cleanse zut, sat, sdm [sd]; *sdl; klit; 
 
 con; *tdk; pik; 61 cleansing *hru; a-ol. 
 Clear adj. a-sdt, a-sdvi; jil-ld jil-ld fin; 
 
 kd-glyo-ld [glo] ; sd-sd-ld; a-tok; vb. 
 
 *«<?; * sol; dyol; (the way) fon; (field) 
 
 lap; Idem nol (see kui'i); rat; (cotton) on. 
 Cleared to be hd. 
 
 Clearly sd-gli-ld [gli] ; p)d-ght-ld [glet]. 
 Cleave kid; *cek. 
 Cleft t'ek-bo; pun-fdn. 
 Clematis smilacifolia kran-rik. 
 Clerodendron verticillatum kd-un kuii; 
 
 CI. infortunatum kiim-bal kun; CI. 
 
 serratum yi; CI. dentatum {a-y-ot. 
 Clever kiim-ydm-bo [yd]; ydm-grdm-bo; 
 
 a-kd nyim bo (kd III) to be clever a- 
 
 kd zam^ *cdn. 
 Cliff sd-gor. 
 
 Climb klun; *tum; prep; rem; hla7i. 
 Clinch (hands) a-ka pyup. 
 Cling *kil; gydn [gd7i]; hyer; "tinn. 
 Clipping a-pyol. 
 Cloak *zdn. 
 Clock cu-tsdt. 
 
 Close vb. sot; sup; hyiip;bryet; tsup; *t6k. 
 Close adj. tuk-dup svp-sip [dup] ; a-jup; 
 
 a-jan; zut-td; sup non; a-fyeii, too close 
 
 pir-lun; close together sd-zusd-zap [zap] . 
 Close to be klyan; jiip; sun; zak; pit; 
 
 t'yol [t'ol] ; nam; nyak. 
 Closed to be hap. 
 Closely bryet-ld; klan-ld; klap-ld; piin- 
 
 bin-ld [bin] ; tun-son [son]; close-lying 
 
 in numbers bram. 
 Closing a-tok [*fdk]. 
 Clot s. a-fyam; clotted blood vi fyam, 
 
 vb. kom, mril. 
 
Cloth — Cogitate 
 
 Cohabit— Come 
 
 473 
 
 Cloth diim dan; tam-dum; '"ijiik; see 
 ''/ai-je; '^ki-je; kd-ba; ka-den; ''bap-U; 
 *7invi-zd; kd-dain; — a-fyiir; double 
 cloth pra; a strong el. a-hlam, dum 
 Jdam; short el. tol tol; cloth worn on 
 privities td-hi fon; pd-zul; a piece of 
 cl. klop; to put on cl. dan svk; dthn 
 dydm; to take off ddn 6t; a particular 
 way of laying clothes over shoulder 
 sur-ki tydp. 
 Clothe vb. dydm; dum Mk. 
 
 Cloud piin (ki/m or pum')-byon sd-fon; 
 cl. of dust, smoke tur-jo/i [jon]. 
 
 Cloudy td-dyur [dyitr] ; mun. 
 
 Cloves *li-si. 
 
 Club pa (pun)-hly6m [hlyomj. 
 
 Cluck with tongue td-klok mat (or tali). 
 
 Clump a-(yam. 
 
 Clumsy klup-pd kl6p-pd [klop] ; mim-ju; 
 a-mom. 
 
 Clupea yii; iio yii. 
 
 Cluster gom^ a-gom; a-com; tyum; tyul; 
 a-vor; nyu/i; in clusters zo-ld; clustered 
 to be tyul; kryul; cam; cdn [can]. 
 
 Coagulate kom; kok. 
 
 Coal (living) sM-gyor; mi gyor [gyor] ; 
 (dead) tuk-fyol. 
 
 Coalition cin. 
 
 Coarse mun-ju; a-mom; a-kron; a-flo/i; 
 flun-flon-nd; bi; ron ron; to be c. tot. 
 
 Coast *san-ts6m. 
 
 Coat *ko. 
 
 Coax bydn; tsam luk(luk); urn; coaxing 
 le 16m. 
 
 Cobra de capello pd-hryuk bu. 
 
 Coccinella Id-gap fo. 
 
 Coccus lacca *gya (tso) bik. 
 
 Coccystes coraorandus tsam-bdn fo. 
 
 C echo a purpurea Mo kd-lvrydk fo. 
 
 Cock hik-bu; Tbr.: lum-son [son]; liim- 
 bu; son fdl i t'dl-bo. 
 
 Cockpit tiin-hap [hap]. 
 
 Cock's comb (flower) kd-nyem; sd-nyim 
 rip; a-rot rip [rot]. 
 
 Cocoanut td-gdn pot. 
 
 Code, criminal code "Jirim yiik. 
 
 Coffin kun pon-bo. 
 
 Cogitate sak-cia. 
 
 Cohabit mat; lyot; Ion; covi fed] ; fyul; 
 
 ktit; td-jyii tsiim; bam-tyol mat; tok; 
 
 bid bid mat; favi \tek bii, [*tek]; Tbr.: 
 
 sd-fd dydn, td-dyii fok; tsdk; hlydn; hdn. 
 
 Cohabitation a-mat a-lon; see td-ldn 
 
 [Idn] ; niim-vdm; [vom] ; — a-kyovi; a- 
 
 fuk; a-tsum [tsij]. 
 
 Coil vb. vyon. 
 
 Coil s. a-vydn; a-hul; a-bom; *za-ko; to 
 
 lie in coils kor da. 
 Coin kom see jer a-bu (a-mot) " gya-kram. 
 Coining a-fok [t'okj. 
 Coix lacryma kun-dap; tiin-lin. 
 Cold adj. (a-ytydn. See so zdn rom. 
 Cold s. a-fyup; nyi dyop; nyi siip run. 
 Coleopterous insect see pd-lyd/l; sd- 
 
 lyan bik; siin-kri mot; fam-bik (bik'). 
 Colic pok dun ddk; lim luk; td-kli ton 
 
 ddk; see under sovi. 
 Collapse ban, to be collapsed klip. 
 Collar kon; c.-bone {a-yiryat; sd-gryon. 
 Collect gyo7n [go in]; *gok; jam; *dii; 
 
 bom; *se,- *sok. 
 Collectively bom-md jam-md. 
 Collection *gyu. 
 Collide fydl [tol]; fyol-liin din. 
 Colocynthes kd-hryo piivi. 
 Colon (in writing) *t^'dk; (gut) jjok dun. 
 Colour s. *tso; *t.''d?i. 
 Colour vb. tso bon; fso nyii. 
 Coloured nyii-bo; nyit-tom-bo; see under 
 
 don 4. 
 Colt on tyii. 
 Columba *pd-ran. 
 Column a-fyun; *ka-wo fyun. 
 Comb s. hrit; pan-do; (of bee) a-c6vi; 
 
 (of cock) a-byen. 
 Comb vb. hrit; krat. 
 Combat a-dyi(t; dyHt-nut [dyii]. 
 Combination *«oVi fiik-po; piir-vok [vok] ; 
 
 bye-U-; byok-lom. 
 Combine *no'/i tHk-po mat; by ok; zop; 
 
 nyir; cin mat. 
 Corabretura si:in-l6k va rik; C decandrum 
 
 pin rik. 
 Come cK; lat; ft; *se; come on! ha o; 
 ha le; to come back lot; *lok; to come 
 down yil; to come forth jM; to come 
 
 30* 
 
474 Comely — Complexion 
 
 Complicated— Confide 
 
 off pal; hije/'i; to come through fuk-ld 
 
 plci; to come together *zum; see tsu; 
 
 to come up hron; — coming and going 
 
 mdl-lil mdl-ld; tvk-mdl; — to come to 
 
 mind non lat. 
 Comely kyok-nyim-bo. 
 Comet kur-son tuk-sim; sd-hor mi kan. 
 Comfort vh. yak. 
 
 Command Tb. ku; bon hlo s. *ka; *k6. 
 Commelina tiik-jor rip. 
 Commence ay it; tsam; tsun; jeri to; 'iek. 
 Commencement a-dyit; tsun-liin; a-jen; 
 
 lUn-tek; Ivii-bu; hlom-bii: 
 Commend krydn. 
 Commendation a (ta)-kry6n. 
 Commerce *nyo-t8on. 
 Commissary *nye-po. 
 Commit (a fault) hlok. 
 Common a-zum{-sa) [zum] ; *pal-p6; a-der. 
 Commotion fyul 'fyul. 
 Compact tun-bo; tom-bo; a-jan (Jan). 
 Companion zon (zdn); tyol-mat-bo ; tyol- 
 
 bo; *to-ts6n; oh zo/'t; companions niim- 
 
 nu tyol-nu (nu); non zdn; *pye-ro; a- 
 
 hyop. 
 Company, inc. *pye-ro; hyop-Mn; dyep-ka. 
 Compare dyup; a-lyok mat (358 b.); 
 
 compared (with) (-««) mai-ba. 
 Comparison dyup-ldt; fam-dyup. 
 Compassion kyon-dydk; *fu-je. 
 Compassionate ddk-ydm-bo; kyon-dydk- 
 
 ydm-bo; ky6n-d(;y)it-ydm-bo. 
 Compensate lam mya (299 6.); len cik; 
 
 *fok rin byi. 
 Compensation *fokrin; pa-krak; ""ton; 
 
 kon lot rik. 
 Complain dyot-td dyot-td jok; fyiil; yur. 
 Complaint bi; *si-luk. 
 Complete adj. a-gydm; a-klen a-lyok; 
 
 tyan, *f em-bo; *t86n; completely krydp- 
 
 pd;glet-ld; jam-Id; pydl-ld ; pdk-kd ; fdk- 
 
 kd; pd-blyot-ld [blyotj; mal-ld; liii-ld; 
 
 Um-md lam-md; son-Id; leh-nd seh-nd; 
 
 om-md; ka-tan ka-jak. 
 Complete vb. fat; lel; pan; *fem; to be 
 
 completed tik; * con. 
 Completion a-tik; a-tak. 
 Complexion a-mlem fyitm (302 6.). 
 
 Complicated nyi/n-ho, a-nyvn. 
 Compliment *tdt; a-tdt mat; *Kam-ri 
 
 mat (45 6.); see sd-tsH. 
 Comply with lun. 
 Compose tsun. 
 Compound pat. 
 Comprehend a-lHi-ka lyo (lyd); yd; a- 
 
 lat-ka rdk; *cdk; fra, *zun; *ts6 cat; 
 
 fyo; *ko. 
 Compress pyit (pit); zom, compressed 
 
 pUn-fyet [fyet]. 
 Comprise dii-Mn fo; kryom-ld fyii; tyul. 
 Compulsion gdr-ldt. 
 Comrade vik-zM; ok-zon; *r6k-bo. 
 Concave kUnn; nyek; fd-far; fuk-fok-ld 
 
 [fok]; pd-byer-ld [byer] ; kum-ham-ld 
 
 [ham] ; hun-ho/i-ld [honj coQcave-badkei 
 
 fd-vat-ld [vat]. 
 Conceal ma to; myiik; gydl-ld (kydl-ld) 
 
 tap. 
 Concealment bom-dun. 
 Conceit a-ldn; tiik-blat; tiik-blot [blu]; 
 
 nam-jot; nam-ydr; *Kap dar (45 a.). 
 Conceited to be Ian; a-ldn mat. 
 Conceive a-kup c6; a-kiip by dm dyit; 
 
 (beasts) sum; i. q. comprehend *zuh; 
 
 * cdk etc. 
 Conception, goddess of c. sun-liin yu 
 
 nd-gryon nyo. 
 Concerning a-pldn-ka; -Jca. 
 Conch *tun. 
 Conciliator tvn-ydm-bo. 
 Concord s. rik-lom; * non-fun; *fun; to 
 
 be in c. com; kop. 
 Concordantly kryom krydm. 
 Concubine bam-tyol; mat-zdi'i; Tbr.: 
 
 mik fyak-bo. 
 Condemn hrim (liryiim) tmt: lirim zdk. 
 Condemned to be hrim-ka t'tan; hrim- 
 
 ka da; zHn. 
 Condense nyet. 
 
 Condition (estate) lyan; *tmt; *gyu. 
 Conduct 16m; matl&m. 
 Condyle Ka-lij,. 
 Confess *s6k; sok-pu mat; k&n-so mat; 
 
 to c. fault nyom ziin. 
 Confide vb. t. kd-ka byi; vb. n. a-Mt 
 
 tdn; confidence fik lyatl. 
 
Confine— Consort 
 
 Confine grip; confined tiik (tup)-dup-ld 
 
 [dupj. 
 Confines '"" san-ts'dm; a-tel [tel]. 
 Confiscate do to; ^pydk. See *jun je. 
 Confluence a-tsun; un tsun [tsuj. 
 Conformable to be po. 
 Confront *mr-bu. 
 Confused to he'^tbm; seegok; confusedly 
 
 cak-M bo-kd; Sol-la mol-ld; col-ld; kdl- 
 
 Id kdl-ld; frdk-kd frdk-kd; see mon zo 
 
 vuk. 
 Confusing td-at-td [at]. 
 Confusion bre-je; pyok-ldt [pokj ; gam 
 
 jok md-nyin-nmi. 
 Congenial a-rik zdn {rik). 
 Conglomerate *gon; tydm; bom. 
 Congregate *MA; congregated to be 
 
 broh; brom, [bro]. 
 Conical pd-hlyut-bo [hlyut]; pd-hdit pd- 
 
 hin [hdn] ; jdk non. 
 Conjecture vb. kydm-hydt vydt. 
 Conjoin c6 fo; *j6r; by ok. 
 Conjunction byok-lom; num-vom [vomj. 
 Connect *j6r; kyop. 
 Connection a-fik, to be in c. with bin; 
 
 byin. 
 Conops num-bi. • 
 Conostoma oemodium Iho riim-nyo fo. 
 Conquer *gye; conquered a-pam. 
 Consecrate *kra-si; mat {ov kyop) ; cdk; 
 
 *rap-ne mat; nydn fo; *cin-ldp byi. 
 Consecrated hryH. 
 Consecration *kra-U; *cin-ldp. 
 Consecutively a-fil; fil-ld fyol-ld; po- 
 
 len po-len; rap-Id. 
 Consequence j&m, a-jom; '^net; pot; — 
 
 see nydn; consequences *lcam-dok; Ion 
 
 m ka; Ion Kyd pu (359 a.), it is of no 
 
 c. md-ci-ne. 
 Consider cin mat [cifi] ; sak-cin; sak-lo; 
 
 dydm; *jik; sem; *no; a-lut hldt mat. 
 Consideration dydm-ldt; sak-cin; a-Mt; 
 
 on the c. of cet-tiin. 
 Consistancy proper a-fyot. 
 Console yak. 
 Consonant a-7no. 
 Consort non zen Tbr. see vo yii; niim- 
 
 vom [vomJ. 
 
 Conspire— Convulsive 475 
 
 Conspire see cin mat. 
 
 Constant to be tovi. 
 
 Constantly jik-ld; sd-jin-ld [jiii]; md- 
 
 cet-ne; tUn-dan-ld [dan]. 
 Constellation sd-kor mup. 
 Constitute "tsdk; kyop; constituted to 
 
 be kdt [ka]. 
 Consult (a-t'yak cdn-Mi'i) krut mat. 
 Consultation mot-to. 
 Consume (fire) for for; dop. 
 Consumption nd-rii [rii] ; mi muii zdk; 
 
 mi mun dydr. 
 Contagious to be tsdt. 
 Contain, to be contained ««,; *tmt. 
 Contamination ?/e/; sdm-miin; seejilll. 
 Contemn met mat; hi gat kyop; dyuk tyuk. 
 Contemplation *gom. 
 Contempt hi gat; see gi:ir. 
 Contemptible dyuk gydn cil-bo. 
 Contend for ki, *Icyu *gydn; with gd. 
 Contented to be kot. 
 Contention gd-ldt. 
 Continually md-dek-ne; md-yo-ne; dem 
 
 md-cet-ne; pd-bal-ld (bat); nd{-klya-)ld; 
 
 nom-md nom-md; Sok-nd-ld. 
 Continuation a-klek. 
 Continue nan; bam; sok; *filt. 
 Contortion nyiik-kd nyak-kd [nyak]. 
 Contracted a-ndt; fd-vap [vap]; to be- 
 come c. fd-vap-ld tmn\ non; viril. 
 Contract bo; *k'a-cet; *cet; rin-cet. 
 Contradiction a-plim; */,'ap plini [pit]. 
 Contrary lydk-ld; go-lok; contrary to 
 
 order ko hydk-kiin. 
 Contrivance t'am-ju; bo-di; ''top. 
 Contrive fam-ju mat; top mat; sd-fd 
 
 rd-td mat; contriving liit lydk-nyim-bo. 
 Convalescence see kUn-kryoa-ld [kryoi'i] ; 
 
 convalescent zHm sd dyet-bo. 
 Convenience yo 16m; a-jor. 
 Convenient JO, jo di; *tvp. 
 Converse rin sun dun. 
 Convert tyii. 
 Convex pd-lot-ld [lot]. 
 Convey bii; so; so bH noi'i. 
 Convocate Ilk diir; pun kvk. 
 Convolution tiik-cdp [cdp]. 
 Convulsive motion a-sum [su]; to have 
 
476 
 
 Cook — Couch 
 
 Cou"-li— Crashino- 
 
 0. m. tydm; to be convulsive sak yok; 
 
 convulsively cat cat; cot cot; cdt-td cdt- 
 
 ta; pik pik; fyul fyul; frit fru; rin-nd 
 
 rin-nd; sd-rin-ld. 
 Cook *t'6p zuk; mydn-ld no; well-cooked 
 
 hriit-td brut-td; mdn. 
 Cooking-vessel fyu; nyol, a-nyol. 
 Cooly adv. hydn-ld. 
 Copious to be gyap; see *m6h. 
 Copper *sd/i. 
 
 Copsychus %^xi\zx\^ zo-nyit-fo; zd-nyo-fo. 
 Copy vb. kok; fan; see inik td ("288 6.). 
 Copy *pe. 
 
 Coracias affinis tuk-rel. 
 Cord tuk-po; corded cotton hi byep. 
 Coriander-seed *w-si6. 
 Cork m. 
 Corn see a-mon [monj ; zo; young blade 
 
 of c. lydn; a plant of c. a-sap (468 6.). 
 Corner a-kydii; tun-kydn (/yd/i); kin. 
 Coronet (worn by woiiioa) "pa-krok; 
 
 rip pok. 
 Corpse fioii, a-fUn; * pun-bo; ro; Id-zii ; 
 
 *pur; Tbr. : *ny6l kun, *ny6l kun klen-bo. 
 Corpulence ayot. 
 Corpulent mO, riik; mil riin-bdk zoh ; p)i(n- 
 
 hryoh-ld [broii] ; a-brom [bro]. 
 Correct zdk-bo, a-zdk; to be c. tswi; 
 
 *tsoii; na/'i; to have c. aim *tsd; to 
 
 pronounce correctly jdl. 
 Correct vb. zar; fam-zar to; tyii; nak: 
 
 ■'se. 
 Correction fam-zar. 
 Correctness *nan-t6; *ydn-tek. 
 Correspond tydr; dyu; tsun; co. 
 Corrugate vop. 
 Corrupt adj. a-sdr, a-ser (sdr) vb. dydl 
 
 kom byi. 
 Corvus culminatus or-fo Uk-fo; or fd-lok 
 
 fo; (a-)ldk fo. 
 Costive to be kak; ce/i; tern. 
 Costs fam-rin (333 5.). 
 Costus speciosa dyen tiit pd-am. 
 Cotton ki; good c. tsiin; cotton-tree kd- 
 
 ciik ki kun; kd-miik kun; pod of c. »mw- 
 
 don; cleansed cotton ki mydm; c.-clean- 
 
 ing bow mim-dyok sd-li [dydk, dkj. 
 Couch *hri; *yya-hri. 
 
 Cough hlyen. 
 
 Council kHr-mom; krut. 
 
 Counsel krut; *ko; a-sdk [sdk]. 
 
 Count fron; *tsu kyop; * an-gi kyop. 
 
 Countenance mleni, a-mlem; * no. 
 
 Country lyan; mlo. 
 
 Couple niim-vdm [vomj ; a-zam; a-zor; 
 see bye. 
 
 Courageous nii-nyim-bo; see mydt. 
 
 Courier *pdn-cen; sa-tsi/. to sel-bo. 
 
 Course a-kor; td-klak [klak] ; c. of work 
 a-ldyon; a-myo; clyot; c. of time a-glyah; 
 c. of mountain krul; c. of river a-glyav, 
 krul, UH tdn. 
 
 Court of justice den-ri lyan; *hrim; id- 
 van [van]. 
 
 C onrtes J sd-tsii; *co. 
 
 Courtiers "sa-ita; see kHr-fak. 
 
 Covenant *cet; bo. 
 
 Cover vb. kyom; to e. over kap; tHk; 
 nop; piip; plup; tsdk; zap; to c. with 
 hands grop; to be covered bom; myal. 
 
 Cover, Covering a-tiik; a-tum; a-fyan; 
 a-myal. 
 
 Coverlet *ziim I'ep; '"bd. 
 
 Covet rdk; hii. 
 
 Covetous ham-bo. 
 
 Cow bik, Tbr.: sd-td/i nor; td-I6m-mo; 
 the call to cows so so; a disease in 
 cows hlok. 
 
 Cowardly mii-zun. 
 
 Co witch td-kryiip rik; td-kryulrik; tiin- 
 dyen. 
 
 Cowry tam-pd; tiiri-pU.. 
 
 Crab td-M. 
 
 Crack vb. n. bu; hyoh-nd dek; gram; 
 vb t. grem; to crack fingers plak; crack- 
 ed flik-ld; prok-ld; cracking noise plyet- 
 td plyet-td or tsup-pd tsappd grik; 
 cracked to be pan; hyip; cracking of 
 joints bldt; cracking (irritation) between 
 toes zor. — crack s. grom gram. 
 
 Cradle no; kyun; (kyun or no) nuk; (a- 
 ki^ip) lydk. 
 
 Crafty to be *yo. 
 
 Cramp a-so tan [so]. 
 
 Crane sun-so fo; * cih-sd nyi. 
 
 Crashing piim-pom-ld [porn]. 
 
Grata eva— Crowd 
 
 frown — Curls 
 
 477 
 
 Crataeva religiosa pvr-boi'i; 
 
 Crawl lop; to cr. along Mdm-bu nou. 
 
 Cream (a-')mak. 
 
 Creased to be cor. 
 
 Create chjit; ayit de; nyi-ld mot. 
 
 Creature zon Qiyin) hip; fam-cdn t'am- 
 
 hik [can]. 
 Credit a-lun [bin]. 
 Creditor num dok-bo (198 a.). 
 Creep as babies md-ryon; to creep into 
 
 (-ka) muk; creeping scl-not-ld [no]. 
 Creeper a-rik; kun-rik. 
 Crepuscule so-myer. 
 Crest (of fowls) (a-)tso/i; (a-)hyen; 
 
 (golden cr. of some birds) tavi-i pok. 
 Cretinism see hm (263 6.). 
 Crevice a-hyer [byer] ; pd-hon [hon]. 
 Cricket tur-nyom; see pydk. 
 Criminal nye-bo; nok-nye-bo. 
 Crimson nuk-nek; mVc-nyek (nek]. 
 Criniger flaveolus kd-sdk cop-fo; sd-nyhn 
 
 plek-fo. 
 Cripple a-clyan sdr [ioi] ; toil s6r-bo; 
 
 see kd-fydm. 
 Crisping tsap-pd tsap-pd. 
 Crook tuk-mm [vim]. 
 Crooked kiin-kdn-ld [kdi] : kyak-kd 
 
 kyok-kd [kyok] ; kiim-kom-ld [kom] ; kd- 
 
 gdr-ld [gar] ; kd-kol-ld [kol]; sd-plen-ld 
 
 [plen]; to l3e cr. blyon; dor; hjdr [kar]. 
 Crop vb. ek. 
 Crop s. *fok; tam-pat [pat]; (of fowl) 
 
 td-gryu. 
 Cross s. a-fyok kuh; dan kuii; dan li/i. 
 Cross vb. cd7n; liyok; brel; brol; bol; 
 
 krd-ld hyok; aydk; crossed arms kd- 
 
 fydk; crosslegged pyr-fyok [[ydk]; 
 
 crosswise to lie fuk-fyok-kd da. 
 Crossbeams svm-dat; li piir-vun [vun]. 
 Crossbow ts&n-iyen. 
 Crossmark *cer-ica. 
 Crouched up pd-jdvi; pd-jum [jd]. 
 Crow or fo lok-fo. 
 Crow of a cock ryan [ryan]. 
 Crowd s. *pun; fd-vor [' or] ; zum-bo; 
 
 a-yor; in crowds pyur-rd pyur-rd. 
 Crowd vb. yor; to crowd upou tsdt; [rom; 
 
 to be crowded together brmii [bro]. 
 
 Crown of the head a-fyak a-i'iel; a-tyak 
 
 a-nyel; a-fyak dam. 
 Crowpheasant see Centrococcyx, 
 
 ITpupa. 
 Crow-tit see tit. 
 Crucify a-kd a-dyah dan; crucified hn'i 
 
 fyok pldA-ka liydn. 
 Cruel ''nyon. 
 
 Crumb a-p6h; crumbs a-jiim; a-mom. 
 Crumbling pyol [ydl. 
 Crush go-rum cdk; nrik; jip; jop; nyeni; 
 
 t'yiim [t'yu] ; brya'} brya-Id biik. 
 Crust a-fup. 
 Cry vb. grd/i; hryop; ji, jd; pram mat; 
 
 pro; Kk; in, nyen; aycit (ih)-ji mat. 
 Crystal zo-nyo Idn. 
 Cub a-kHp. 
 
 Cubit kd-tsdk; a-kd tsdk. 
 Cuckoo see Cuculus, Hierococcyx, 8ur- 
 
 niculus, Chryseococcyx, Coccystes, Rho- 
 
 podytes. 
 Cuculus canorus ka-ku [o; C. liimalay- 
 
 ensis tik dun-[o; tsdk dun-fo; C. micro- 
 
 pterus tiik-po [o:G. poliocephalus Ji/aw 
 
 hlyam 
 Cucumber sd-hryct; Cucumis acutan- 
 
 o'ulus kttn Slim. 
 Cucurbita pepo taii-ijiit; joii-go. 
 Cuddle hoi. 
 Cudgel san pak. 
 Culminate tok. 
 
 Cultivate byol [bol]; nyot viat; culti- 
 vated land *sin; nyot; lyaii; [dt 
 
 byol-bo. 
 Cunning to be yo. 
 Cup /ca-tak (45 o.); za-byo; ""ka-yd; tiik- 
 
 cim; *tiii; '''ko/i-bu; pd-vak; --por; a cup 
 
 formed of a leaf Up fyur Ql^bb); the 
 
 lower part of a c. a-mut; cup fr. a 
 
 skull *{ok por. 
 Cupola gen. 
 Curd, curds *80. 
 Cured to be td-sd [sd]. 
 Curl s. a-ndt. 
 Cuvl vb. kar-rd kar-rd mat; huh kyap- 
 
 Id mat; to c. up gor. 
 Curled ra; kyap-ld, to be c. nut. ^ 
 Curls in running streams ■vjm-pydr. 
 
478 Current — Cyprinus 
 
 Dagger- 
 
 Dead 
 
 Current a-glyan; to be c. sut blydn non. 
 
 Curse s. a-rik; run-mu; hon-yo. 
 
 Curse vb. rik tyok; rdn-mu hjop; ''iiiL 
 
 Curtain *yd-l6. 
 
 Curve /ml. 
 
 Curved kyok; gar; td-dar-la [dar] ; kd- 
 
 kal-ld [kal] ; kui'i-kon-ld [kot'i.]. 
 Cushion '*den; *bd nan; *bd den. 
 Custom *ca-lu; Urn; mat-lu; dyit. 
 Cut vb. klop; *nd; itdl; nak; *cet; "cat, 
 
 *cot; nydp (114 a.); tyot; fan; fyet; 
 
 lyop (376 a); *sdk; to c. (hair) {a-tsorri) 
 
 fot; to c. yams fu; to c. a notch dyap; 
 
 cutting lyop-pd plyok-kd; to c. asunder, 
 
 iiar; to c. down ndl dydn; tyot; fon; 
 
 pryok; cek; to c. out plen; tsu; *krd; to 
 
 c. thro' tyot; kid; fi'ol; tydt tin; to c. 
 
 square ten; to c. thro' horizontally fron; 
 
 cutting thro' pun-pan-ld [pan] ; to cut 
 
 off flak; fiyak; to be cut off vyok; pdk. 
 Cut s. a-dyap; pun-kldp [klop] ; ban-l&m; 
 
 *md; side-cut a-nydp a-buk. 
 Cutaneous disease Id-vorl dum. 
 Cutia nepalensis rup-nun-fo. 
 Cyan ops Franklinii kd-tak-fo. 
 Cycle *k(yr; a-vun [oun]. 
 Cylindrical ^a/i; klyen; gyol. 
 Cymbals *bdk-ce; * tin-so. 
 Cynoglossum tuk-tsoit muh-dyep [tsoii]. 
 Cyornis niun-sel fo; po gdii-fo. 
 Cypressus *tsan-dan kun. 
 Cyprinus piin-zdr. 
 
 Dagger *cin-gi. 
 
 Daily sd-dyak sd-dyak. 
 
 Daisy * jam-by oh rip. 
 
 Dam up tep; po/i. 
 
 Damage *pun; kyon; *ke. 
 
 Damp to be sUm. 
 
 Damp adj. sum-md siim-vid; siir siir; a- 
 
 vom; a-suh; puh-hloh [blah] ; s. mun-im. 
 Dance 16k; *cdm kydp. 
 Dancing td-kram [kramj; see *pdn. 
 Dandelion td-klok bi. 
 Dandle hram. 
 Dandriff hul. 
 
 Danger bin; *tok; a-rom [roj; *sap. 
 Dangerous ro-wi/h-sd; a-rom [ro]; *sap- 
 
 cen. 
 Dangling hlyo hlyo; pel-Id pel-ld\ d. 
 
 against eachother kdt kdt. 
 Dao ban; binding of cane which keeps 
 
 the d. in sheath a-gryom [grydmj; haft 
 
 of d. a-gli; without a d. bH zd/i. 
 Daphne de kun. 
 Dare *nu; td. 
 Dark tyah; niim-nyim [nyim] ; md-myil- 
 
 Id [myil]. 
 
 Darkness muk muk; so fi; *sup. 
 
 Darling go md go-sd md-ro. 
 
 Darting fyer-rd fyer-rd. 
 
 Dash *yd-go, dashed md-vidr-ld [mar]. 
 
 Daub with blya. 
 
 Daughter a-kUp td-dyii. 
 
 Daughter-in-law nyom. 
 
 Dawn so-soh (419 a.); so fHh-hd foh-nd; 
 Tbr.: ttir-zut [zutj. 
 
 Day nyi; nyim-re; sd (svk)-nyi; sd (siik)- 
 nyim(-nyum); opp. to night'; dyak; sd- 
 dyak (consisting of sd-nyi and so-nap); 
 day and night luk nap; by night and 
 d. nap son; the days of the week see 
 za 315 a. 
 
 Day-break so-soh. 
 
 Day-labourer *ld-bo. 
 
 Dazzle dok. 
 
 Dazzled to be kh: 
 
 Dazzling td-at-td [at]; jir-rd rir-rd; 
 dh-hd dh-nd. 
 
 Dead mak(^-n6n)-bo ; *t'e-ndn-bo; see Id- 
 zu; dan [ddhj ; Tbr.: kldt-non; gah-non; 
 a-fyak-non [fyak] ; tuk-tok-ka zdk [tok] ; 
 a-pil tyiip; inik cam-non (286 b.); zo lyo 
 
Deaf — Deep 
 
 Defamation — Demon 
 
 479 
 
 non (318 a.); siin-kri fijun-non; sd-h/an 
 t'yan; sok non; offering for the dead 
 su-zon; td-dn [d/tj. 
 Deaf a-nyor pon; a-nyor hon; a-nyor su/'i- 
 
 tof'i [ton]. 
 Dear cen-sd; (expensive) a-ku. 
 Death a-mak; see fi; bu (251 a.); demon 
 
 of d. *groH i/nun pd-no; (a-)r6t; sd-rot 
 
 mun; san-re mun; srfm mu/'i. 
 Debase myil-rnd-ld mat. 
 Debate s. *n6n dun; vb. co t'<at dun. 
 Debauch lot Ion; hlok; ''nor fe; tyiip. 
 Debregeasia sd-nenf 
 Debris {a-)fok. 
 Debt num. 
 
 Decadence td-ya [ya]. 
 Decaisuea nd-mor ci. 
 Decapitate a-fyak tyot (tydt'); a-tyak 
 
 not; tuk-tok tin; Tbr.: ki mik fi. 
 Decalogue *kd hd-ti. 
 Decay td-ya [ya]; vb. byot; "gut. 
 Decayed md-myot-ld [myot] ; suk-kyor; 
 
 to be d. ya. 
 Decease -pdl; pal; *pap; *pap. 
 Deceit ku7i-dyu ; ink hip ; a-lvk ; op ; *pi-(/yu. 
 Deceitful Tbr. krou bik zdii. 
 Deceive kiin-dyu mat; Ivk; lydkvaii;a- 
 
 fyak vu/'i; *pi-gyu mat. 
 Deception op; rik-nyam. 
 Decide on *fo'^ kat cat. 
 Decisively fyam-Mn; nap-pd iiap-pd; 
 
 nap-Id. 
 Declare rin op; declare war [yen 16m 
 
 mat; [yen kiik. 
 Decline rat; jUk; "gut; s. tiik-son [son]; 
 
 (sun) sor-rd sor-rd yii,. 
 Declivity a-hop. 
 Decoct kd. 
 Decoction tiik-tdk. 
 Decorate *gydn mat; *pom zuk. 
 Decoration *gydn; "pom. 
 Decrease "pap; juk; pyo/i; vian; ban. 
 Decreasingly sijk-jiik-ld [jiikj; pyon-ld. 
 Decree rik to. 
 Dedicate cdk (Jo). 
 Deep nyv?i-bo; a-nyun; Idfi-nd hiii-nd; 
 
 tHr-din [din]; kUl-din; kd-hor [hor]; 
 
 the vast deeps td-lyd siin-vo. 
 
 Defamation cir-ru/i-sd rii). 
 
 Defame cir; a-bryau md-nyin-ne zuk; 
 
 fdn; kyon dim; a-bryan-ld zuk. 
 Defeat a-flek a-hlam. 
 Defect ban [ban]; "kyon. 
 Defective pyon-ld; a-pyoA; tyor-ld. 
 Defence tsok-kun. 
 
 Defend tsok; grop Ion; "gydp; "sun; *rdh. 
 Defer "to; hydn; vun. 
 Deficient a-baii, to be d. ban [ban]; 
 
 pydt-td pydt-td mat; pydi". 
 Defile s. "ron; sd-gor vyen; Idn vyen ; lorn 
 
 tsu; vb. by dp; "nyom-ld mat. 
 Defraud kiin-dyu mat. 
 Degenerate "pap; va?i; gyu. 
 Degrade nan; "mo-ld mat. 
 Degree a-tyen; by degrees a-prol a-prol; 
 
 pyil-ld pyil-ld [pi] ; lon-niin lon-nvn. 
 Dejected to be a-mlem mat. 
 Delay *kdt; *ke; a-nyok; nyam-iio vb. 
 
 gor; nyok. 
 Delegate bydt [but]. 
 Deliberation Mat. 
 Delicacy a-zom-sd a-liit. 
 Delicious a-Urn; iim Urn. 
 Delight a-lut-sd a-myel; "go. 
 Delima sarmentosa mvn-kyok rik. 
 Delineate fro/'i. 
 Delirious to be jil; rvii-bdn mun zdk; 
 
 fo; a-bon sd. 
 Deliver a-tyak dot. 
 Deliverance of articles ro-kydt. 
 Delusion, optical "mik-hryu. 
 Demand *ul; to d. back tson. 
 Demolish tyUp. 
 Demon muii; muii-ma; "re; "rak-sd; 
 
 "yi-do; '^wu-dii; "tep-ran; "dUt; *tu; 
 
 demons of L. mythology see gd-ram; 
 
 gron m.; cu mun bi mur>; nyi dyop-sd 
 
 a-mi; td-gyo m.; td-gro m.; td-not m. 
 
 [ho]; td-ld m.; td-lyan m.; td-dn td-liri 
 
 [ail]; tiifi-kun tun-la; tiin-kyan m. 
 
 [kyan]; (tiik)-prap m.; ton m.; tyUm 
 
 m.; tyak glot m.; tyak dum m.; dom m.; 
 
 dd-brii m.; nd-rij; nd-vydr; nam kyan; 
 
 nun-go m.; niim-lan m. [Ian]; noksdr; 
 
 pd-ydn m.; pd-ku [hu]; po-rop m.; 
 
 fi m.\ fori m.; ba-mo; bdn m.; brut-sd 
 
480 
 
 Denial — Description 
 
 Desert— Diaphragm 
 
 (i-mi; *ina-ra; ma-zom m. ; ma-mu 
 nak-bo; man in.; mi, a-mi; fam-mi; 
 mi gat m. (Jilo m.); mi mun aijdr; mvii- 
 kuii; mvH-h'n miiii-kavi: mw'i mi;'*tni-bo; 
 yen-dor m.; riiu-hiin m.; run-jil m.; 
 luk-sd a-mi; Wn-ji lum-ddii; Mo m.; 
 sd-kydr m.; sd-rd m.; sd-rot m.; sd- 
 lidr ni.; san-re m.; *sii,-mo m.; sUn-gi 
 m. ; suii-gvoh m. ; suh-ku m. ; siim-to m. ; 
 sor m.; sim hul m.; torn m ; a-dyiji-sd 
 pd-liu [dyu] ; a-ydr m.; a-rotvi.; a yon; 
 dyii siin-klel m. ; to be possessed by a 
 d. vxuii.-nun siik; a-so pot [so]; jet; 
 m.-niin vyik; to have dread of demons 
 plyo; influence of demons ri; pollution 
 of d.'s ]jyi> oppression by ; d. a-for; 
 rope for binding demons sd-mon tiik-po; 
 to expel demons Qyan) nm mat; con; 
 p'ik; incantation see under sd-vin; "go 
 sum; dok-ho kyop; demon-altar ^a-fsM7w; 
 demon-offeriugs pd-sor; see a-s6m byi 
 [som] ; *sii 8; to subdue demons tyu. 
 — See *dd: dH; *t'u; tsul; hik jH. 
 
 Denial a-plim [pKJ. 
 
 Dendrobium pierardi tam-i-je. 
 
 Dendro calamus Hamiltonii j;o,-pa-c?a»j. 
 
 Dendrocitta kd-hryok fo. 
 
 Deny pli; I'ap-plim cik; val. 
 
 Depart *fe; *kye; noil; brydt. 
 
 Departure a-non [non]. 
 
 Dependant sd-gram-ka nan-bo; depen- 
 dance piin-jd [jd]. 
 
 Depose pok. 
 
 Deposit tek\ byam; byavi fo [bam]; ka. 
 
 Depreciation '■'nyom-cun. 
 
 Depredate kit [kij. 
 
 Depress jop. 
 
 Depression (declivity) liop. 
 
 Deprive n6k; 6t. 
 
 Depute "ton; to be deputed /tai; /A'a V.]. 
 
 Deputy *ti6p. 
 
 Derision uyeh tsilm. 
 
 Descend yu; yiit (ydt; yet); myil non; 
 *pap. 
 
 Descendants zon-nyin. 
 
 Descent iHr-son [son]. 
 
 Describe fron. 
 
 Description lyu; a-ttior. 
 
 Desert s. lyaii a-td; *pu; vb. tet(tye£), tor. 
 Desertion a-fyor [for]. 
 Deserving of -set. 
 Designedly som. 
 Desirable gat-idn-sd; "go cok. 
 Desirous gron-bo. 
 
 Desire s. a-Icar; a-gat; *dd-bo; *dd-ca; 
 *ddt-ca [dd]; *ga-ddt; *ca, *cd; sak- 
 cin; sak-di; o-nyo; *ga. 
 Desire vb. ^ai; *K6-nyo; kren; non; jak; 
 
 *jdt; pan; (a-)fo yd; rdk. 
 Desist *cet, cet non; fo (torn); *p6n. 
 Desmodinm mvn-dyep fydl. 
 Desolate td-td-bo [td, td] ; ryom; td- 
 
 rywm [ryiim]. 
 Despatch dyop [dp]. 
 Despise hi gat ky6p;*yut md-si-no ; tsovi ; 
 
 "met mat. 
 Destination a-fyel; dek. 
 Destined dek-hyok non. 
 Destiny dek-bor; dek-hyok; kin-tsum; 
 
 nam-kydn; zo cu. 
 Destitute jdn-bo ; td-gol [got] ; kd-gldk-la c 
 bofi; Tbr. : sd-hun td-gUt ci dan [ci]; 
 to be d. dyep; Tbr.: kd-tu sap-non. 
 Destitution a-gun. 
 Destroy tyiip; *jik; to be destroyed 
 
 nrom; "sol. 
 Destruction "jik-ldt. 
 Detach |5(/a; to be detached tot. 
 Detect zdk. 
 Deteriorate gyu; mol. 
 Deterioration a-kyon. 
 Determine (to resolve) dik fo. 
 Dethrone pok. 
 Develop bun 
 Deviate bra. 
 Devil mun. 
 
 Devotion *gom, devoted to be mya. 
 Devour fyom. 
 Dew so-gi; muh-hlo. 
 Dewlap kilr-tyu; Tbr.: a-nyor pot. 
 Dexterity Ker-ldt. 
 Dexterous Ker; jap-pd jap-pd ; glen. 
 Diacritical mark (L. writing) a-kiip. 
 Dialect *j6; rih jo. 
 Diaphragm pd {pijr)-eet [cet]; -pd-cet 
 su-hd ; *hi'd. 
 
Diarrhoea — Diminish 
 
 Diminutive — Dish 
 
 .481 
 
 Diarrhoea td-hak la [bdkj. 
 
 Dibble mal; pd-fum-nun mal (mdl); s. 
 
 pd-tum; ceil kun tun-c/yel. 
 Dice ''^so-lon, *fo-lo, *co-lo. 
 Dicellostyles jujubifolia td-c/la kun 
 
 da/i-su. 
 D i c e n tr a thalactrifolia tun-jiim 7nun-dyejj. 
 Dichroa febrifuga sin-na muk. 
 Dicoeum ti pro fo. 
 Dicrurus longicaudatus sd-hem fo. 
 Dictionary *min-zdt (314 6.). 
 Didymocarpus artisifolius vid-nun kdn- 
 
 zok. 
 Die mak; *kron; *si; a-pil dan (167 b.'); 
 
 a-som t'ek-non; t'ok-kun pap; Tbr. : ro 
 
 c/on dan; tut sor-non; mik cam; miin- 
 
 kun brydt (or rii); a-som pol; sok-ka 
 
 ti; gyap gi dydk non; md-rum so fat; 
 
 kun Idii nun-nan; to die suddenly sd- 
 
 lyon-ld fyer-nd/i Thr. [lyon, 165 a 7/ ^° 
 
 cause to die myd (299 a.). 
 Die, Dice *so; *co. 
 Difference */,'yet; gi; ayar. 
 Different ^rdn-so; a-sdm; a-du a-lo 
 
 [du] ; to be different lydk; in d. direc- 
 tions zar-vd zur-rd [zur]. 
 Difficult a-tsok; a-tydp; a-jvm; sd-gor; 
 
 to be difficult Jihn; d/'ik; d. language 
 
 rin tni tsii. 
 Difficulty kd-tiik; diik, a-duk; ka-hrin; 
 
 *py6n; tilet; nyuh-hun; kan-t>at; bin; to 
 
 be in d. pit; *tok. 
 Diffuse fyoi; *pyer; hu; to be diffused 
 
 *tdr. 
 Dig du; du Mam; byol [bat]; kyok; ydl; 
 
 to d. up fa; Ion. 
 Dignity man; bd; pun-dan. 
 Dikchhu -river ri yot un. 
 Dilapidated bryok; hryup; *kyo; kyor. 
 Dilatory to be a-gur ayokmat; dilatorily 
 
 a-no fo-ld to-ld [no]. 
 Diligence *rik-po. 
 Diligent biil-ld hdl-ld; *nan-fen-bo; to 
 
 be d. 'niya. 
 Dillenia Indica sun-gom kun. 
 Dim to be mydr; hryiin. 
 Diminish vb. t. bail; vb. n. pyon; {sd-) 
 
 hy6m(-ld) noii; ji/k. 
 
 Diminutive to be zal. 
 
 Diminution a-man. 
 
 Dining-room zom lyan [zoj. 
 
 Dinner a-zom [zoJ. 
 
 Dioscorea see pUm-buk; pd-tim. 
 
 Dip jam; myiik. 
 
 Diploma *ka-M:, * ko-hk (12 6.). 
 
 Dipper see Cinclus. 
 
 Direct adj. a-glen, a-ral; ral-ld. 
 
 Direct vb. (with hand) nyu. 
 
 Direction kon, *tu; *ten; bi; bd; fi; 
 
 '"^tsu; in tliat direction o-lem, o-lol-ld 
 
 etc. [o]; in this d. a-fi etc. [a]. 
 Directly krdkrd; krd-ld; kla-ld; tdk-kd 
 
 tdk-kd; ral-ld; td-ral-ld; sdn-te. 
 Dirt ji ; md-ri. 
 Dirty a-bop; pd (Ji:d)-gok-ld [gok] ; kd- 
 
 kyor-bo [kyor] ; kd-kyu-ld [kyu] ; kd-K'ok- 
 
 Id [Kok] ; a-ton; a-nok: pd-bok-ld [bok] 
 
 dirty-grey kd-kril-ld [kril]. 
 Disagreement a-I,'an. 
 Disappear gdl: sd-gdl-ld non; *cet; 
 
 myur-ld noii: to have disappeared sd- 
 
 lyaii tyaii; ma non. 
 Disappeariugly sd-gdl-ld; myur-ld. 
 Disappointed to be a-gron blin-non. 
 Discharge fan; tdl; fa: op. 
 Discern bril. 
 
 Disciple *kr6-bo; *lo kruk. 
 Discipline *rz him; vb. tyii., tyur. 
 Disclose fot; 61. 
 
 Disconnect bik; disconnected sd-pat-ld. 
 Discontent a-tyul. 
 Discord a-jok; cok-lu; *pdr-ydn [par]; 
 
 p'ya-lom ; pun-sii. 
 Discountenance pil-ld a-vilem x>uh 
 
 [pi]. 
 Discover zdk; pry 6m. 
 Discussion *n6n-duh. 
 Discriminate bdk s6k; fyak. 
 Disdain a-mik jur. . [' 
 
 Disease a-ddk; fam-ddk ; dii , a-dH; "net. 
 Disengaged fry6k-bo. . ^i 
 
 Disgraceful a-uk. 
 Disguise *b6p; md-mi [mi]. 
 Disgust sak kd-gydl-ld. 
 Dish "ta-bok; tsa-de; Tbr.: hlydk; gul 
 
 Mydk. 
 
 31 
 
482 
 
 Dishevelled — Distress 
 
 Distribute — Dotted 
 
 Dishevelled kd-kri-bo [krij; pd-pu-ld 
 
 Dishonestly kun-dyu mat-lun; gi-ld. 
 Disinclination cer-rvn; a-not. 
 Disinclined to he gydt; td-gum mat. 
 Disjoin pya; *cet; to be disjoined 
 
 *ny6m. 
 Dislocate fan; to be dislocated nd non. 
 Disloyal *te nen. 
 Dismiss kdn; kdn nyon. 
 Disorder pyok-ldt [pok]; bre-je; to throw 
 
 into d. tdn-de dydn t'o. 
 Disorderly s6l-ld lyom-ld; bra sol-Id 
 
 lydm-ld. 
 Disown *pdn. 
 
 Disperse bi-dk; *pyi; sa; sd/i (sow); dis- 
 persed prit-bo; to be d. *p'ydr ndn, dydn 
 
 non. 
 Displeased to he pyil-la a-mlem vun; 
 
 mun-lyan. 
 Displeasure a-fyul. 
 Disposal *fo'«. 
 Disposition *kyon; "gyu; d. of mind 
 
 sak. 
 Disproportion at ed pum-brdvi-ld [broj. 
 
 See iit. 
 Disputation *c6 tsdt duh-ldt (176 6.); 
 
 *zum-co. 
 Dispute s. *tsd-bo; kim-bo [kij ; */cam-cu 
 
 [M-J. 
 Dispute vb. *tsd-bo luk; *'zum-co kyop; 
 
 kim-bo mat; *Eam-cu fvk; jok, jok dyu ; 
 
 rih pyet (225 a.); *hruk. 
 Dissatisfied to be ut. 
 Dissect sok; cen. 
 Dissimulation *no-sdt (69 a.). 
 Dissipate bit 16k mdt. 
 Dissociated see kan. 
 Dissolute tuk-blyo [bhi]. 
 Dissolve pok; *kye; *ju, sii. 
 Distaff la-ju. 
 Distance hrydn; gi. 
 Distant a-rum; md-rum [ru]. 
 Distil dot; a distiller sun-ri. 
 Distinct gli-ld; sd-gli-ld; sa-ld. 
 Distinguish fyak. 
 Distrain kd tap. 
 Distress jiim, a-jum; distressed fd-vt 
 
 kun-kyan [ci, kyan] ; to be d. mun-lyan; 
 sak-nyin. 
 Distribute rit\ lyaii; frd; t'ap-pd tyep- 
 
 pd byi. 
 District lyan de. 
 
 Disturb a-j6k ay ok mat [jok]; vyik; to 
 be disturbed pyok non [pok] ; rat di; 
 rat non; *cal-la col-ld nan. 
 Distylidae td-hryum sdk ndk-bo. 
 Disunion puii-su. 
 Disunite tin. 
 Ditch un tuk-vor. 
 Diurnally sd-ayak sd-dyak. 
 Dive gdl-ld jam; s. tuk-myuk [myuk]. 
 Diverge brd-ld non. 
 Diversity jjat-ldt. 
 Divert yen; diverting (story) ti bam- 
 
 muii (-sd). 
 Divide or; rit, fli; fly en; pya; "2)ye;pat; 
 tin; *cet; a-vyal zuk [vyal] ; to be 
 divided pydr. 
 Divination *tsu; *kydn. 
 Divine tsu ndk; kydn ndk. 
 Division a-tin; a-fdn; a-fot; a-prol; cet; 
 
 kd-ka [ka] ; (math.) fli tsU, [*tsii]. 
 Divulge blydn; op; rin op. 
 Do m,at; zuk; fat. 
 
 D not se se; map {md-mat tun) Ql%2b?). 
 Dock frd. 
 Doctione '"co; "tem-po; *tem-bo [*ten]; 
 
 *lun. 
 Dog kd-ju pd-li; *Myi; Tbr.: (tHk') sim- 
 hul-bo; nii7n-hul-bo ; sd-cdk nor; wild 
 dog sd-tum; call to d. yo yo; a spec, 
 dog pun-sol [sol]; dog-louse gi-bi/-. 
 Doll a-kiip dim [di]. 
 Dome of a chaitya piim-bo. 
 Domestic animal t'am-cd n jut-bo ; a-jut 
 
 [ju]. 
 Domesticate ju; can. 
 Domination *bdn. 
 Done lei. 
 Donkey *pon-bo. 
 Door vyen; tUn-vyen; *gdk. 
 Doorkeeper vyen-ran-bo. 
 Dotage hyu-ldt. 
 Dottard kun mlam. 
 Dotted with brik. 
 
Double — Drop 
 
 Double adj. bryok; fo nydt-sa; nydt cd. 
 
 to lie d. pra. 
 Double vb. byil; a-byil zuk. 
 Doubt *fe-tsom; fe-som; to be in d. rdn; 
 
 sak-cin rdn; nydn. 
 Doubtful sdm rdn; yat-td yot-td. 
 Dough pok, a-p6k. 
 Dove see Macropygia, Chalcophaps, 
 
 Turtur; Carpophaga. 
 Down of birds a-jok; of the yak *Jcu-lu 
 Down see cu; co; cu; myil. 
 Downwards cun-k6n [cu] ; cil-ld; co 
 
 cil-ld; myil-ld; myil-van myil-kon. 
 Drag krut; hrya. 
 
 Dragonfly un con riim; un sun-vo. 
 Drain un tuk-vor; tvk (tv/i) -ci-vo. 
 Draw a line zdk; t'sok; a picture pi; 
 
 together *t'e'm; out dot; back nyil;pup; 
 
 water cuk; in (breath) hryup. 
 Drawn to hold (sword) (ban) tsan; 
 
 d. together a-ndt; drawing together 
 
 sup-zop-ld; drawn back hlep-pd hlep. 
 Dread, to be in d. frdm, frdm. 
 Dream vb. mon lydk; my on. 
 Dregs a-tyok; a-jdk. 
 Drenched tuk-clak-ld [dak]; ku-kyd-ld 
 
 [kyd]. 
 Dress s. ^ko; a-clydm; '^nam-zo; see pa- 
 gan; vb. dydm; siik; a child kd7i. 
 Dried u-a; d. up. Sap-non. 
 Drimycarpus racemosus bron kun. 
 Drink fan; ton; bap. 
 Drinker t'dn-bo; bdp-bo. 
 Drinking-cup un tun-gyeii. 
 Drive hat; hul; away hdt nydn; back 
 
 yyor; in ddp; out lutt nydn; hlydt; plyd 
 
 hdt nydn; *cin; driving away evil 
 
 spirits see *hrd ndk. 
 Drizzle piin pvn yil; dun dun yii; hvn 
 
 bun yu; drizzling tiik (tun) -dun; jdp- 
 
 p)d jdp-pd 
 Drone tvii-on; (lazy drone) Ivk-dii.. 
 Drongo see Chibia, Elachura; see also 
 
 din-pit. 
 Drop vb. *zdk; run; dropping svk-frdt; 
 
 tUk-frdt [frdt]; tiik-jek [jek] ; tok; a-pldp; 
 
 hdn-nd bdn-nd; drop by drop brak-kd 
 
 tak-kd; to fall drop by drop frdt. 
 
 Dropsy — Dysentery 
 
 483 
 
 Dropsy td-an td-lin [an]; sijp-ddk [sup]. 
 
 Dross *hlet. 
 
 Drove *pyijik. 
 
 Drugs *za-jdr; ''ze-jdv; *mdn. 
 
 Drum tun-dar liin-min; '^dam-bru; *na. 
 
 Drunk sin; bup. 
 
 Drunkard ci bup-bo. 
 
 Dry adj. a-sin; a-sdn; a-ye/); (overcooked) 
 kd-kak-ld [kak] ; (vegetable), pak-kd 
 pak-kd; (tree) a-mih; (without condi- 
 ment) *kam-po; (bamboo) a-gruk; 
 (food) tin tin; to be d. hryu; son ndn; 
 jil ndn; to be come d. son; Idn; cep; 
 breaking fr. dryness hyil-ld hyol-ld 
 [hyol] ; very dry a-zdm; -hrdh ndn; 
 nram ndn; fral ndn; pon ndn; krek-kd 
 krek-kd; dry up vb. sin; sor; lyum; dry 
 vb. t. Mom; a-sdn zuk; sdn-ld mat; 
 dyiil; il; jdl; fak; to hang up to dry 
 hldm; zd; to spread out do dry hrydt; 
 dydn. 
 
 Dry mop us inornatus nydn fo. 
 
 Dryonastes coerulatus tiik-o-val; D. rii- 
 ficollis rup-cu fo. 
 
 Duabanga sonneratioides dur kuii. 
 
 Duck * dam-by d. 
 
 Dull ydm-nydk-bo [yd]; hd; to become d. 
 muk muk Ii; mdl-ld ndn. 
 
 Dumb wd-bo; bdn ndk. 
 
 Dumpy pvn-tal [tal]. 
 
 Dung uyit; it; of dogs md. 
 
 Durable a-fup; po fyd. 
 
 Dusk so-fi. 
 
 Dust pru guk; piir-du ; pd-gruk, a-im; 
 td-i [i]. 
 
 Dusty to be gok; gmk 
 
 Duty kd pldk (4 6.). 
 
 Dwarfish kd-kri-bo [kri]; sUn-jen-ld 
 [jen]. 
 
 Dwell bam; nan; with ri; dweller I'e-bo. 
 
 Dwelling a-bam; nan lyan. 
 
 Dye *i!.-'o bdh; *th nyu; trees used for 
 d. see under Uii (429 a). 
 
 Dying (moribund) nrdk, see mak. 
 
 Dynasty ke-bo. 
 
 Dysentery Uk-ma; vi-ra dak; td-bdk 
 sa; td-bdk dH- dak [bdk] ; see sd-hdr 
 mun; liik-su a-mi; pd-ydn pd-miit. 
 
484 
 
 Bach — Edge 
 
 Eclgiiio-— Eleven 
 
 Each re re; rel. 
 
 Eager to be nan-fen mat. 
 
 Eagle see kd-lyvn; *ko-juk ge-bofo; *ea 
 Kyun; Limnaetus, Pandion, Spilornis. 
 
 Ear a-m^or; ^nydn; of corn a-pyon; a-gi; 
 of Indian c. a-pak. 
 
 Early adv. fuld; iio-ld; [*n6]; adj : 
 a-grdm; a-put; early crops hii. 
 
 Earnest *nan-ten. 
 
 Earning a-fop. 
 
 Ear pick a-nan kdl. 
 
 Earring ne-kon; sa-kon; *bir-bo-li; a-ko 
 [koj. 
 
 Earth fdt, fat; fat let; lyan; ^sa; regions 
 below the e. tur-hi. 
 
 Earthquake mut-U tyu; nilo tyu. 
 
 Earwig din pit. 
 
 Earwitness a-nyor t'yom-bo; a-nyor 
 nydn-bo. 
 
 Ease a-kydt, a-kyet, to be at ease ''yon; 
 to ease nature ''^pan-son; pd-6n mat; 
 pd-zdm mat; uyit lot; see nvm-dyop-mo 
 [dp]; kHm-blik [blik] ; to desire to 
 e. n. ndm. 
 
 East tsuk-cdr; (sd-)tsiik-lat; ''sar. 
 
 Easy kydn-bo; a-jom; to be e. jmn. 
 
 Eat zo; fa; warn mat; a-krik tyii- (37 a.); 
 (baby) cet cet., cet fa. 
 
 Ebb va. 
 
 Echinocarpus tvk-sdl kun. 
 
 Echo a-sut tek (416 a); see son-nd sou- 
 nd [son]. 
 
 Eclipse dar sd-fdn; *ra-cd7i. 
 
 Eclipsed (sd-tsAk or Id-vd) dar sd-fdn- 
 nini tsuk; hyul non. 
 
 Economize cun; pyit-ldmat; economical 
 kd-tsam kd-ji (4 6.), pyit-bo; economi- 
 cally pit-lun. 
 
 Economy pyit-lUn; pit-lmi. 
 
 Ecstasy *mi-bo. 
 
 Edgaria sd (sum') -mo bi. 
 
 Edge a-'-um; a-nyo; a-nyol a-pun; '"sur., 
 *su;pya {-Id); bi; kldp;*n6; edge of a 
 knife (ban) rol; sharp edges sur-vin. 
 
 Edging bun-ri; edging of cloth kd-jen. 
 
 Edible zo-Mm-bo; dar. 
 
 Edolius niim-bon (pd-no) on fo; pd (piir) 
 
 -vok fo. 
 Eel no bu. 
 
 Efface mlyd; '\set; sat; to be effaced cok. 
 Effect s. a-pdt; jmn; "net; to be of 
 
 effect mat. 
 Effect vb. kon; fat. 
 Effective '\ijok zuk dyap bo; I'dt, to 
 
 be e. *pe. 
 Efficacy ""bdii. 
 
 Efficacious a-zon; to be e. nat. 
 Egg a-i?'; of the fly (pUn-ron) I'a-to. See 
 
 piir sum [sdm]. 
 Eggplant ki/n-da. 
 Egotistical to be gd-do ydn mat; go 
 
 giim ydn mat. 
 Egret ta/i bret fo. 
 Egypt mi-zdr; mi-zer: Egyptian mi- 
 
 zdr-mo. 
 Eight kd-kn ; eighty /'a fd-li. 
 Either or gdn-nd - gdn-iid; gdn-ld — 
 
 gdn-ld; go-run — go-run ; yan-nd — yan- 
 
 nd; sdn — sdh. 
 Eject kdh; dot; fat; fit; lot. 
 Elachura punctata mur-cbk fo. 
 Elaeocarpus lanceafolius iap-Kyu kun. 
 Elapse (time) gur. 
 Elastic fyvn-hm-bo : a-fytin ; nyon-nd 
 
 nyon-nd; to obtain elasticity fran. 
 Elbow (a-)kd fu (4a). 
 Elder to be e. niim [nil]; elder brother 
 
 a-nvm [niij; elderly woman num- 
 
 prum; an elder, a great man "gan-bo. 
 Elders rdn-sdn; rdii-bo-sdn. 
 Elegant kyok-nyim-bo; to bee. ''-'jem;* z6. 
 Element pum-zdt. 
 Elephant tyan-mo; riih-mo; Tbr.: fam- 
 
 mo; javelin used for killing elephants 
 
 ban-gd-la; e. -beetle tuii-bol hop. 
 Elevate tal-ld mat; kdm; elevated hin; 
 
 elevating in hands kd-hrdk. 
 Eleven kd-ti kdt-fdp. 
 
Ell — ]5ncU'avourinfi- 
 
 Ell (a-)kd tsdk; see pd-gron [grdnj. 
 
 Eloquence */i'a-8u; Ix'a-fun. 
 
 Eloquent rin lin-ydm-bo; a-rih-nyim-bo; 
 
 a-rin grik-bo; lin-mijdm-bo; lin-ydm-bo 
 
 [U] ; tom-ydm-bo. 
 Else yo ind-ydh-nu gun; *je mm. 
 Elsewhere *run-sd. 
 Elucidate pryom. 
 Emaciated {kd-)gryd-ld [gryd]. 
 Emanate pum. 
 Embarrassed to be tydp. 
 Embellish jovi kyop ; zi. 
 Embrace u-kd ka; kyovi [kom]; kyi/p; 
 
 kyul. 
 Embracing rap. 
 Embroidered sd-mdk; e. cloth minha- 
 
 mo. 
 Embryonic a-kup byom ayit-sd. 
 Eminence bor-ldt. 
 Emperor pd-no tim-bn. 
 Employed to be mya. 
 Employment *b6n; ^gan. 
 Empty gun-non-bo \ a- gun; fok-non; a- 
 
 fok; sd-sd fd-vd [sdj ; sdp-pd sdp-pd; 
 
 a-sop; td (tuk or tuh)-sop [Sop] ; ben; 
 
 hd-bo; *ton; to be empty hlyop; lion; 
 
 to make e. a-gun zuk; emptied to be 
 
 kryuk. 
 Emulate *kran-cet mat; ^gydn; *gi-no 
 
 mat; pyet. 
 Enchant *jak; enchtiutment min-cu [cuj. 
 Enchanter mini jum [jvm] ; jak tvk-sdm 
 
 ydm-bo. 
 Encircle *kor; kyitp; ''gov; gryom; ''kyiil; 
 
 vdk: to be encircled /i«/. 
 Enclose hor; to e, in prek; pydl. 
 Enclosure *kyen. 
 Encounter bap. 
 Encouragement sak-top. 
 Encompass *kyor. 
 End sok; a-dek; a-tel, tel-bo; suii-dek 
 
 [dekj; *pu; '•'juk; a-jdk to the e. td- 
 
 ral-ld [ral] "vb. t. tek; lei. 
 Ending (pd-)pal-ld tuk-tek [pal]. 
 Ended se; dek-non; tel; to be e. pal; 
 
 tik; tek; gyup; pi't. 
 Endeavour pyei; vuh-liin zuk; sir. 
 Endeavouring *kyevi-tdn [kyenj. 
 
 Endless-^Equality 485 
 
 Endless dek 'md-nyin-n iin-sd. 
 
 Endurable *'pu-tyd. 
 
 Endure *tem; td; Id; kyon, enduring ku- 
 
 giik-lu [gukj. 
 Enemy pun-jiimpun-zdm [jimj; fydn ; fyen. 
 Energy tuk-ldt; fwr-ldt. 
 Eufold pydl. 
 
 Enfrauchissement sd-fo. 
 Engage li to; lorn; fii; (enemy) */a/t 
 
 pyet; a-kd tsvm. 
 Engelhardtia spicata sd (stikyvydk kuii. 
 Engine ptin-don. 
 Engrave tsu. 
 
 Enlarge yot; *par; *ndn; cop; kyep. 
 Enough ca ca; pyit; v;ou kvi'i. 
 Entangled to be liyol; hil. 
 Enter into von; ''■'t-^iH; sii. 
 Enter taium.ei\t*rdn;*tdm-bo:*ca/i-fii/}. 
 Entire a-gydm: a-hdvi f/idj. 
 Entirely gdl-ld; go go; lin-ld; pnik-ld; 
 
 ka-ta/i ka-cet. 
 Entrails id-kli. 
 Entrance von- lyan . 
 Entreat *«», *m; *sol dep. 
 Entrust *tat. 
 Entwined hil. 
 Envelop ahl. 
 
 Envelope a-fum; mn-Siim-bo. 
 Envious to be a-mik rdt-bam. 
 Environ *gor. 
 Envoy *jJo-fiyd. 
 Envy *gi-no. 
 Epaulette a-flot. 
 Ephelis kiir-mot. 
 E])iciire fo- ydm-bo. 
 Epidemic pd-hu [hu]. 
 Epidermis kryu. 
 Epiglottis kiir-fi-tip. 
 Epileptic fits td-lyait. muii zdk. 
 Epiphyte pd-tydn; sd-ti pro. 
 Epitomize tyul. 
 Epoch nam btc [bii]. 
 Equal a-dyum [dyu] ; a-dok, dok-bo; nvii- 
 
 ■iid nah-hd [nan]; pur-su [su] : a-lyok 
 
 [lok]; *ran-rd; a-po; *to-ddt; a-pe :6h; 
 
 nyom-bo; to be e. to Id; to be equal tsiin. 
 Equality *to-ddt; *pydn pyet; kd-nyom 
 
 (4aO- 
 
486 
 
 Equalize — Europe 
 
 Eurva — Exceed 
 
 Equalize *nyam. 
 
 Bquisetaceae *lu rip. 
 
 Equivalent a-lyok [lok]; *dot; *ti6p; 
 
 uyuk-tom-bo. 
 Equivocate a-val riii li; var-luu li. 
 Equivocatiou a-val; Myu. 
 Era nam hu [bu]. 
 Eradicate col. 
 Eranthemum miih-hryeii. 
 Erase suk. 
 
 Erect den; kd-klal-ld [klalj. 
 Eriobotrya bengalensis ber ku/'i; E. 
 
 elliptica yel-nyo. 
 Err kyol; *h'ydvi; *zd; hvyu. 
 Error kyol., tun-kyol; a-liryd; *nor; *nye. 
 Eructate bum 61 [bu]. 
 Eruption brit; pd-brut [brut]; frum 
 
 fram [frum] ; frek; favi-mi brut [mi]. 
 Ervum lens pur-gyeh. 
 Erysipelas brixa. 
 Erythrina stricta kd-tyaii kuii; E. arbo- 
 
 rescens gya-se kun. 
 Escape flyan; *for; *sor. 
 Escaping a-fydr [for]. 
 Especially a-hlok mat [hlok] ; a-lum [lu]. 
 Essence a- hat; *net; boh-tom-bo; — *tsu. 
 Essential a-cuA. 
 Establish kyop nydn t'o, nydn; tsdk; 
 
 *>• 
 Estate lya/i. 
 Esteem yd-ld mat; ce. 
 Estimate cik. 
 Estimation bd. 
 Et cetera a-hl6k gvn-nd [hlok]. 
 Eternal dek md-nyin-nun-sd; md-mok- 
 
 nCiH-sd; mok-sd md-nyin-ne. 
 Eternity m.6k-sd md-nyin-ne; tu-t^dt sd- 
 
 ta-ld. 
 Eugenia jambolana cikuii; td-glaa kuii; 
 
 tuk-gldit kun; fo bu kuh; E. operculata 
 
 soil nUm; E. formosa ,,fam si kol". 
 Eulogy kryoa-lut. 
 Eumenes sd-mydr -pun. 
 Eunuch md-ro bop. 
 Euphorbia hirta suh-grijoh muk; E. 
 
 macaranga nd-jil kuh. 
 Europe ^pi-lik; Europaean *pi-lih-mo; 
 
 Tbr. : mik-coju a-dum-bo. 
 
 Eurya tHk-cdn kun. 
 
 Eurystomus orientalis, see tuk-rel. 
 
 Evasion val-luh-sd rih; nuk-ldt. 
 
 Even adj. a-nan; to render e. kdm; kdl; 
 
 even (number) co; adv. a-ldh do; nd; 
 
 do; even if gdh Id; e. thus td-da; td- 
 
 dal-ld [da] ; e so o-lo do; a-lo (m) da. 
 Evenly nd-ld; pd-bat-ld [bat]; klo-ld; 
 
 klyd-ld; nyom-ld; pdr-ld. 
 Evening so-mydr; nap-mo; nap-zd; ev.- 
 
 star kur-nap. 
 Event a-tydn; tyun-ldt. 
 Ever mok-sd md-nyin-ne; a-gyit a-rih 
 
 sd-fa-ld; nam sd-fa-ld; *rdn-jih; zdjam- 
 
 md; kiin-gan [gan] ; "tiin-Jd. 
 Everlasting life md-rum md-fok. 
 Every om; su giin-nd; to-ld; su-ld; giin; 
 
 tydh; nyi tet; nyi ma nyi; every one, 
 
 every person to giin-nd; Id-vo tUn-bik. 
 Everybody sUk-dUm lyan-sd md-rd 
 
 giin-nd. 
 Everything sd-re-ld; sd-re re. 
 Every side, on e. s. krom krom, piin- 
 
 ban-ld [bun] ; in e. direction c6t-td. 
 Everywhere sd-ba-ld; sd-ba re-ba. 
 Evidence *nam-tok; e. of *t6. 
 Evidently gli-ld. 
 
 Evils, ndk-ldt; jdn-ldt; Idyo; td-gum. 
 Evil adj. jdn-bo; jdn-nd-bo; a-jd7i; *ne7i. 
 Evil effect a-tiim [tu]. 
 Evil spirit muh; mun-ma see under 
 
 demon. 
 Evodia kd-no kuh; 
 Evolve 61. 
 Ewe Mk-vwt. 
 Exact a-p6; *tam-bo; exactly bryet-ld; 
 
 hrik hrik. 
 Exactitude nuh-dyu [dyu]. 
 Exaggerate rom mat. 
 Exalt tal-ld mat; lu; a-fo-ld mat. 
 Exalted a-mlem lu. 
 Examination a-dyul; a-6l; hdk-ldt. 
 Examine dyul, ti-dyul zuk; "sik; '*mp; 
 
 ndk; *tok. 
 Example * nydt-sim-bo ; mik td; for e. 
 
 pe-ka; pe gdh. 
 Excavate fok. 
 Exceed hl6k; z6h; exceeding a-pldh-ka. 
 
Exceedingly — Expand 
 
 Exceedingly tyol-ld 7ndl-ld; mjak-kd; 
 
 *nan-ten. 
 Excel tar; no met hyi; ka zvk. 
 Excellence *wdt. 
 Except md-w«5fa«; man-p6; manmdgdn 
 
 nd gdn; mat; pin, pil-ld [pi]; excepted 
 
 tsom-ban. 
 Excessive bol-zon, bo-Ian; nam nam; 
 
 * nan-ten; *n6r. 
 Excessive to be sot; z6h. 
 Exchange lydk; pin. 
 Excitable kar-rd kar-rd, an o. person 
 
 nd-vydr mun jen. 
 Excite see mydt; to be excited kur- 
 
 kar-rd mat; kan; '*wur. 
 Exclude vd/i. 
 
 Excrement dyH, it; e; ''/nji. 
 Excrescence a-brop; a-tydl; fyol-ddk; 
 
 on skin nyem. 
 Excoriate fok. 
 
 Excuse rum-lhjii. mat; hum; s. nuk-ldt. 
 Execrate run-mi/, ky&p. 
 Execration bon-yo bon-di. 
 Execute a-zdk zuk. 
 Exercise *j6h; dyun; s. lok^ a-lok; to 
 
 take exercises s6k; cuk. 
 Exert one 's self kyon. 
 Exhale a-som so. 
 Exhausted mok-ndn; gyiip-non; siin- 
 
 gryen; "set: sok; gyd; (tired) brm brin, 
 
 pat; Iirytl; fd-vi kih'i-kya/i ; bon; *fdn-cet. 
 Exhaustion ro-pin; td-ya [ya] ; exhaus- 
 ting nd (nii.n) -rii [riij. 
 Exhilarating sak-d. 
 Exhort ri/'i ku; *sdk. 
 Exhumate luk. 
 Exigent *ci. 
 
 Exile dot, s. lyan-nvn nok-bo. 
 Exist «!/?',• bam;*ju; existing h'm [hi]; ''fid. 
 Existence dyit. 
 
 Exodus mi-sdr-riin pld-wu/i-sd sii/i. 
 Exorbitant price a-kak. 
 Exorcise *ku-rim mat; tuk-sdm Lyot 
 
 [Mm]; Slit. 
 Exerciser tuk-sdm lyot-bn; boh-fih; ha. 
 Expand *par; dyon. 
 
 Expect — Eye 
 
 487 
 
 Expect ran bam; gron. 
 
 Expectation a-gron. 
 
 Expedient, to find an ex. {am-jumat[ju[. 
 
 Expedience tam-ju. 
 
 Expel dot; n6k\; fydn; hlydt. 
 
 Expended to be mok; gyd. 
 
 Experience dyul-ldt; experienced sak- 
 
 an lydk van ydm-bo. 
 Experimenter tam-dyup mat-bo [dyup]. 
 Expert to be nCcn; jdl. 
 Expire put, dek; to be expired tik. 
 Explain dal; *set; pap; ko pap dun; ko 
 
 cdk byi. 
 Explanation dai-ldt; *k6 pap. 
 Exploding of burning bamboo pd-fyan. 
 Expound 61. 
 Express *tser. 
 Expunge dot. 
 Extend kyep; cop; t'yiik; iid; yan; yot; 
 
 som,; Mam. 
 Extending pun-brdn-ld [bran]. 
 Extensive a-ju. 
 Extent *gya. 
 Exterior pd-o/'i. 
 Extermination Id-ya [ya]. 
 Extinct vb. yom-md dot; to be extiuct 
 
 *ton, to become extiuct a-gyit-tiin noii. 
 Extinguish dap. 
 Extort on-ci mat; jop. 
 Extract col; 'tok; ak; s. bon-tom-bo. 
 Extraordinary md-dok-nuh-sd. 
 ]*jxtravasation of blood nv.m-ndm-ld 
 
 [nomj. 
 Extreme to be tydp; extremely bo-lan. 
 Extremity a-tel; a-dek; siin-dek [dek]; 
 
 a-ydk; at the e. (sd-) pya-ld. 
 Extricate kir-lun dot. 
 Exudation a-fdr. 
 Exult over ryem; nvm-tsHm kydp. 
 Exultation nUm-tsiim [tsum]. 
 Eye a-mik; *cdn: eye of needle ryt'im 
 
 an; ryiim-u; a-u [ii]; eye of grain nyo; 
 
 eye of hoe a-lun; eye of belt td-hryak 
 
 [hryak]; eye-ball a-iyeii; white of eye 
 
 a-bu; eye-tooth mk\ heavy eye-lids 
 
 a-mik svr-yii [Alb b.]. 
 
488 
 
 Fable - Famous 
 
 Pail — Feather 
 
 Fable *pe set; *nam-t'ar. 
 
 Fubi'icatG-*zo; std: 
 
 Face a-mlem; *Se; *(lo/'/; "jal; '''no; pe- 
 hlok; f. downwards td-grijom [gro'J. 
 
 Facetious kum'-ydm-bo [iju]. 
 
 Facile kiidn-bo; mor; to be f. jo; "jom. 
 
 Factor kon-mo; pi-bo. 
 
 Faculty ''top. 
 
 Fade mol; * set; y a; yon; klop; fading pa- 
 nyit ['^nyit] ; faded out (t>'o) lot. 
 
 Fail (to err) hryu; kyol; (to miscarry) 
 yol; flit sor. 
 
 Faint adj. lydn-nd lijdn-nd; (sound) men; 
 miin-men. 
 
 Faint vb. n. pydL-ld noii; a-som pat; 
 a-sovi j}dl non; fi-nun tiik. 
 
 Fair (complexion) a-mil; ttin-dyaii 
 [dyui'ij ; (face) sum-zam [zom]. 
 
 Faith *den ri. 
 
 Falcon see Cerchneis, Hierax; pa-zu; 
 ko-ht. 
 
 Fall glo; pok; hlat; klo; tun, in great 
 quantities dyup; drop by drop frdt 
 to f. against tyok; tof. down *til; pldn 
 blan-ld tyel; bfovi; to f. off Idat; fdl 
 ■pot; pal; ot; (in leprosy) frd; to f. over 
 and down sd-pldn [pldn]; falling out 
 fyot-td fyot-td; to fall in ruins dyon 
 [dyon]; to cause to fall bryom; glydt; 
 to let fall glyet; flut; to cause to fall 
 ofP fyer; fyer dydn; Met; glet; to fall 
 plump bok-ld klo; bak-ld glo; tuk-tok-ld 
 glo I't'okJ. 
 
 Falling sickness bok-ld ddk. 
 
 False a-ffit md-nyin-num-bo ; fit-bo [fi] ; 
 bup-non; boh; nyok-bo. 
 
 Falsehood op; K6-mo; *k'yu; *lcap-cdn 
 [Ka] ; ruk-nyam tivk. 
 
 Falsify *Ryu mat. 
 
 Family li; a-gyit; -'mi t/o; a-luk; li-sd 
 a-luk. 
 
 Famine krit pd-hu. 
 
 Famous u-bryau nyim-bo; a-bryah sut- 
 nyim-ho; a-bryan-fyom-bo [bryan]. 
 
 Fan vb. hyep; s. hyep-mm-bo; td-lyuh 
 
 [lyunj. 
 Fantail (a bird) see san-bon tup-fo 
 
 (426 a.). 
 Fancy vb. cih, s. sak^cih; *kydin-hydt. 
 Far a-rvm; md-riim [ri'i]; *'ii/i; groh; 
 
 gron; far far down myil-ld myil-ld. 
 Farewell ryu-la bam.-md-o, ryu-ld noh- 
 
 md-o; md-o; ma-o. 
 Farina (of flowers) a-som. 
 Fashion mat-lu. 
 Fashionable lydn. 
 Fast adj. (as colour) nye/i; (stiff) fok; 
 
 a-tok; (stedfast) torn, a-toni. 
 Fast vb. hyam; hyam-Un krit. 
 Fasten bryet; nyir; nyur; kop; kop-Un 
 
 dam: tan; tik. 
 Fastening a-fik; a-dam; tiik-vil [vil]. 
 Fasting a-hyam. 
 Fat adj. sum-bo, a-sum [suj; a-for; 
 
 a-t'yor; kd-nur-bo [hur] ; (insect) a-gak; 
 
 very fat bop. 
 Fat s. a-sut [su] ; *s6k; po bop; *ninn-tsit. 
 Fatal fi; tam-tii ftvj 
 Fate kin-tsum; tar-fom-bo; dek-bor; dek; 
 
 ''tio-di; ''kydn. 
 Father a-bo; *pa; ''yap; father-in-law 
 
 a-fydt. 
 Fatigue ^ha; to be fatigued jo^/ai!; *ton- 
 
 cet non. 
 Fault ''nan; '^no-r; *nye; *cd; lo ddk 
 Favourable to be kur-voii mat. 
 Favour ''gin-ran; "ka-rin; vb. lin. 
 Fawn sd-vin kup. 
 Fear s. a-rom a-cam; "sap; "tok; frdvi- 
 
 Idt; td-rdt [rdtj. See niu-zun. 
 Fear vb. ro; *nyen. 
 Fearless a-Mt Idh zdil; a-lid sd-gor 
 
 z6n. 
 Feasible a-for. 
 Feast "can tun; *tdm-bo; "ran; *su see 
 
 *tiid cu. 
 Feather a-kop; pUn-kop fkopj; young 
 
 feathers a-jok. 
 
Features— Pickle-minded 
 
 Features mi-no: mlem-sdn ; a-mlem ve. 
 
 Fed a-jut [juj. 
 
 Fee bi-lo. 
 
 Feeble gdn gdn; to be f. kyu. 
 
 'Peedju; (child) tya 
 
 Peel kydn; *nydn; tydt; tyap; yap; yo. 
 
 Felis jubata *sd-cdk; P. tigris sd-fd/i: 
 
 P. leopardus tvk-mar. 
 Fell tyot; tydt. 
 
 Fellow zo'w; fellowship "^pan-to. 
 Female (a-)mo; (a-)mdt; (a-)mit; td-ciyil 
 
 td-nyi [yu] ; Tbr. : mivi-l6p-mo [lop]; 
 
 f. branch of family a-c6k zon; f. of 
 
 animals (a-)m6t; {a-')gu; lyen. 
 Pence tuk-pol tuk-son [son]; to make f, 
 
 gryup; tsur; f. against demons pun-fsu 
 
 [tsuj. 
 Ferment vb. ro; bo; mok; s. Mt; fer- 
 mented byep. 
 Fern td (tun)-kr6k; see kd-cdr t.-kr.; kd- 
 
 fyok t.-kr. [fyok] ; kvm {pun)-t'y6n t.-kr. ; 
 
 k&m t.-kr.; kol t.-kr.; jer t.-kr.; nyol 
 
 t.-kr.; td-kol t.-kr.; td-kryuk ban t.-kr.: 
 
 td-kryup ban t-kr.; td-jit t-kr. [ji] ; 
 
 tiik-po t.-kr.; tuk-tyol t-kr.; tuh-n t-kr.; 
 
 nok t.-kr.; pd-jik t.-kr.; pd-diin t.-kr.; 
 
 ptin-cip t.-kr.; pd-mol pd-son; bap; mv/i- 
 
 gu sdk; zo-nyo; ruk-sil t.-kr.: Ivk-sip 
 
 t -kr ; sd-na ka-don; sd-morl t.-kr. 
 Fertile cit. 
 Festival go go kro kro; kur-tdt: td-kram 
 
 [kram[: "sap-ro. 
 Festoon a-rin: a-ydn; rip ydn. 
 Fetch ba di; bii hron; to f. water uii 
 
 cuk. 
 Fetid Mk-ayen. 
 Fetter vil; tHk-vil. 
 Fever a-dii; dij. not; sUk-ddk [ddk] ; du- 
 
 mit ddk; tiin-kun niit zdk; td-mit ddk. 
 Fevernut see Caesalpinia 
 Few a-fiik; kat nydt: kat kat: *nyuh: to 
 
 be f. man 
 Fibres a-glyan. 
 Fibula tiin-gih [gin]. 
 Fickle jdn jdn; Vik-kd lok-kd: lak-kd 
 
 lok-kd [lok] sol-Id mo-ld. 
 Fickle-minded a-liit gyap-bo; yat-td 
 
 yot-td [yotj. 
 
 Picus— Pi 
 
 re 
 
 489 
 
 Picus tuberculata tomw fel kun: P. macro- 
 phylla kun-din kun; P. Roxburghii *a- 
 myo kun; kim-don kun; P. beugalensis 
 kun-ji-kun; P. elastica dyok; P. myso- 
 rensis sd {sv.n)-kyn kun; P. hispida siin 
 (tuk or tijn)-s6t kun; P. confertiflora 
 siin (td, tuk, tij.n, nin)-ji kun; P. retusa 
 ait nyok; P. obtusifolia sd-yet kun; see 
 sd-guk; sUn-sop; mun td-rydn kun-tek. 
 
 Fidget with te. 
 
 Pie roh-m; ron-nd ron-nd; ja-ho-ld; f. 
 upon you a-mlem a-do zap-to (315 b.). 
 
 Field nydt; see bydn; nnn-gri; gyam n6k; 
 Ivn-bii nydt; gryom. 
 
 Fifth fd-ko-bo. 
 
 Fifty I'a nydt-sd kd-ti. 
 
 Pig see Picus; pd-yd. 
 
 Fight dyii; a-kd tap. 
 
 Figure md-zi) dydn; in bad s. * zap-to. 
 
 Pile (row) a-rya/i; in &\es ryan-nd ryan- 
 nd. 
 
 Pilices see Fern. 
 
 Pill Idk; a-blydn Idk; blydn; filled to be 
 kot. 
 
 Fillet go-mi. 
 
 Fillip pd (piin)-fu. 
 
 Filter tsok. 
 
 Filth *krip; see /*' 4; *pyi-bo. 
 
 Filthy krip-nyim-bo : a-sdm: nydm-mim 
 [nom]. 
 
 Pin gon, a-gon. 
 
 Finale jdk, a-jdk. 
 
 Finch see Haeniatospiza. 
 
 Fine adj. a-j6ni; ryut [ryu] ; a-ryam 
 [ryam] ; yam-md yani-md; dyap; see 
 a-kin; son. 
 
 Finely dyap-ld; brdn-nd bran; *jem-ld; 
 don-nd don-nd. 
 
 Fine (s. penalty) ^cet-bo: *to/i; ''gye. 
 
 Finger s. kd-jom [kd, kd] ; tip of fingers 
 ku ti; the fourth f. lit; vb. top. 
 
 Finish fat, lei; pan; finish off hydt; to 
 be finished fydl; pal; piit; miit; fydp; 
 tydt: tek; tel; klak; gyo; gyiip; ''se. 
 
 Fire mi; Tbr.: tun-dydl-mo [dydl] ; demon 
 of fire a-ydr [ydr] : mythological f. 
 svn-ji mi fin; f.-fly td-pyit [pyit] : f.- 
 wood ian; Tbr.: nvm-nal-mo. 
 
 31* 
 
490 
 
 Fire — Flap 
 
 Flash— Flourish 
 
 Fire off dp. 
 
 Fireplace pd-kovi [/com]; pun-dap, pur- 
 dap [dap, dopj. 
 Firm p'ak; hd-jak-ld [jakj ; krum [kru] ; 
 
 torn; to become f. fran; zdt. 
 Firmly kru-ld; klin-nd klih-nd; fran-la; 
 
 zdt-ld; bound firmly piin-zop [zop]. 
 First han, han-mot; nd-han-mo ; kdf-ho; 
 
 tdk; tuk-tsu [tsu] ; as at first a-t6n z6n 
 
 [ton] ; firstly ca nd-han. 
 Firstborn num-fran-bo [fran]. 
 First fruits "t'ok p'iit 
 Fish no; *nyd; Tbr. : a-mlerri' md-nyin- 
 
 num-ho; pun-Ml-mo [ML] ; see kd-hlet- 
 
 no [Met]; kd-hlydm no; kd-hlydm Ivrdt- 
 
 no; td-Jiryum-no; tiik-md.t-no [mdt] ; den- 
 
 sd lik no; no bri; no a-blok; ri; lam-sa; 
 
 moving of f. fldk-kd; fldk-kd. 
 Fisherman nya-ra-bo. 
 Fishing-hook vor. 
 Fishing-net sun-li; sun-li kiin; hrop; 
 
 contrivance for catching fish yet; hryen; 
 
 rol. 
 Fish-insect tuk-dydr. 
 Fist kd tap. 
 Fit adj. c6-wun-sd; * cok; a-pe [pe] ; -mii ; 
 
 f. for cultivation a-fyak; to be f.po; tup. 
 Fit s. to have a f. of pat. 
 Fitting (close) piir-t'am-ld »[fam] . 
 Five fd-iio. 
 Fix kop; kyop [kop] ; cet; *ju; nydn; nyir; 
 
 to fix together bye; to fix in cuk; fyer; 
 
 tsdk; fixed pun-bdn [bdn[; jik-ld nyim- 
 
 bo; to be f. ten; to become f. zdt. 
 Fixed-star sd-hor glot. 
 Flabby fyor fyor; a-(yor; nydr-rd nyor- 
 
 rd [nyor] ; nyon-nd nyon-nd; diit-td 
 
 dut-td. 
 Flag *dun-d6r; '* gyal-ta'an ; *tar-cok; 
 
 (Iris) sd-tak pa. 
 Flageolet *gya-Un ; pd-lit. 
 Flakes a-ji [ji]. 
 Flame vb. dyak; Ihn din; Ihn hron; la; 
 
 hldk; s, a-dyak; a-lim mi-dyak. 
 Flank pun; a-pun. 
 
 Flap (op; gar gar mat; jim jim mat; 
 hlyop-pd or hlap-pd hlap-pd mat; flap- 
 ping *p{ir pur; gar gar etc. 
 
 Flash lyop; vyar; sap. 
 Flashy jdr-rd jdr-rd. 
 Flat a-lydp; Ivk (lup) -lyop [lyop]; a-lep, 
 pvn-lep [lep] : a-klydp; kd-klydp-ld 
 [klyop]; a-kUt; suk-jdp-ld [j6p] ; kd- 
 klydk-ld [klydk] ; Id-blydk-ld [blydk] ; pd- 
 brya-ld [brya] md-mlya-ld [mlya] ; to 
 be f. lyop; jop; by or; tarn. 
 Flatten lep. 
 Flatter *tdt; a-tdt mat; *no-sdt kyop 
 
 [*nd]. 
 Flatterer *tu sun-bo. 
 Flattery *a-tdt; * ho-sdt [*nd]. 
 Flatus hak. 
 Flatulent cysts (disease of fowls) tuh- 
 
 diin-su [dun]. 
 Flaunting lyom-md lydm. 
 Flavour a-klyam; fo; a-zo; ri; *ro; a-iim 
 
 [i/m] ; flavourless chi kra. 
 Flay fun hit. 
 Flea sd-fydt. 
 Flee *gyiik; tor; tet; Tbr.; sd-hron tyer- 
 
 sd lyan mat [fyer]. 
 Fleming ia congesta mi-pyit muk. 
 Flesh a-md7i; man cok; a-c6k; *sa; Tbr.; 
 hd-mm; ma-ri; explet kit; {man kit); 
 flesh on loin suk-vyit. 
 Flexible to be ddr. 
 Flicker dan dan mat; flickering tik-kd 
 
 tik-kd. 
 Flight, to put to f. flyon nyoh; flights 
 of clouds kon kon; a. f. of birds 
 fo nor. 
 Fling tyok; yon; dydn [dan]; away fat 
 
 fat; see under piin-gol [gol]. 
 Flint mi pyet Idi'i. 
 Flit *po; ""M. 
 
 Float plyun', nyiil-ld nyHl-ld plyun. 
 Flock *pun; nor; a-nor; a-dop; a- fop; 
 
 a- gum; *m6n; "zum-bo. 
 Flock vb. rut. 
 Flood tsot. 
 Floor (drying f.) fon-mo; (of house) tttn- 
 
 krom; ground fl. tUn-hap [hap]. 
 Flour td-i [i] ; ay an [d] ; *su.p; *ce; 
 
 *ts6m-bo. 
 Flourish boi-; to prosper *kor-jii; to 
 brandish *py<k: 
 
Flow— Fool 
 
 Flow dan; ndn; yu; pld [see un] ; back 
 
 tur; out cu; down out byon. 
 Flowing (hair) krum krtim 
 Flower rip; a-bor; fam-bor [bor] ; on 
 
 cloth a-bor; a-rip; calyx of fl. a-bom. 
 Flowered cloth td-gap; fik-mo. 
 Flowerpecker see Yuhina; Pteruthius; 
 
 Myzornis; Chloropsis; Irena; Mela- 
 
 nochlora; Hilarocichla; Mesia; Minla; 
 
 Ixulus; Dicaeum. 
 Flurried sol-la mol-ld; to be fl. kan 
 
 tun- f on; to be in a flurry pern-bo kyop. 
 'Plxxie pd-lit; po-ton pd-lit; lun-tdn pd-lit. 
 Flutter sak; vydl; frok frok tyu; fur f. 
 
 about blak; fluttering kd-tydk [tydk]. 
 Fly vb. lam; *'py6r; at lo; away fyon; 
 
 forth fyot; upwards tydk, to cause to f. 
 
 lydm. 
 Fly s. siim-bryoh; blow-fly pd {pun) 
 
 -ron. 
 Flying a-ldm; flying-car pur-vuii [vun]. 
 Fly-catcher see Hemichelidon; Siphia; 
 
 Cyornis; Stoparola; Rhiphidura. See 
 
 yel dyu-fo. 
 Foal on kup. 
 Foam td-byum [byumj. 
 Fodder pye; pe. 
 
 Foe fydn; fyen, pun-jum [jum] pun-zom. 
 Foetus a-p6t; t'am kup mdn; see under 
 
 kd-nyem. 
 Fog tur-mom [mom]; *md-m6n. 
 Foggy muk; mun. 
 Fold s. a-byil. 
 Fold vb. byil; ndm; hack nyil; up by em; 
 
 lem; to f. hands a-kd bum zuk; sa (sur) 
 
 -vo mat; kd-jom kd-ti kd-bum mat; folded 
 
 a-prek. 
 Follow ryak; til; *gyit\ hum; 16m hlep- 
 
 lun di [hlep] ; closely pun-bin-ld ryak 
 
 [bin]; bydn-nd bydn-nd I'yak; pd-pat-ld 
 
 ryak [patj; in great numbers t'yiip; 
 
 bryon. 
 Fond dydt; det; dyet. 
 Food a-zo; a-zom; *sd; of animals tHk- 
 
 fdt [fdtj; *(^ak; whatever is eaten with 
 
 rice myet. 
 Fool jin-bo; bdn; tuk-nal zda lin-bo 
 
 [nal]. 
 
 Foolish— Formerly 491 
 
 Foolish dyop ay op; nyop-pd nyop-pd; 
 
 jin-bo; tiik-plyo [plyo] ; piir-du tuk-tdk- 
 
 sd; bdn; *no met; foolishly bldt-td 
 
 bldt-td; foolish talk lak-kd lok-kd riii 
 
 [lok]. 
 Foot ton, a~ton; dyan^ a-dyan; *kan, 
 
 *kdn; ''jap, *sap; *sdp; to get f. into 
 
 hole ffrol. 
 Footing to. 
 Footprint ton pydl. 
 Footstep ton lydm, a-lydm; noise of 
 
 footsteps prak, prap. 
 Fop zHk zHk mat-bo. 
 For -ka; for the sake of kor-ka; kyam- 
 
 ka; (because) su gd yo gdn. 
 Forbear *t'em. 
 Forbid nam. 
 Force vb. gar; klek-lUn zuk kdn; s. *cet; 
 
 *top. 
 Forcibly kydr kydr-rd [karj; pd-plyu-ld 
 
 [plyu]; sd-tdn. 
 Ford can. 
 
 Fordable brat; hrydt nan-bo. 
 Fore-arm see (a-^kd pek [/>d]; piir-jim 
 
 [jim], 
 F r e - f i n g e r (a-)kd juk ; kd jdk . 
 Forehead kin; a-fyak kin; *sd-ndm. 
 Foreign pd-dn (-sa); *ce; *co-7id. 
 Foreknowledge *ndn-se. 
 Foreleg pdk, pdk, a-pdk, a-pdk. 
 Foreskin a-tun. 
 
 Forest pd (pun) -zdk [zdkj; sd-ryo. 
 Forget hryu; *yel; pldn mydn. 
 Forgetful '^krem-ho md-nyihn-bo; mydn- 
 
 ydm-bo; to be f. Uyu; pan. 
 Forgive lydt [lot]; tydr [for]; sd-fd 
 
 lydt. 
 Forgiveness tdr-ldm; sd-td. 
 Fork *san-zvn; ''Icd-krd. 
 Forked piin-hrdt fhrdt]; pini-cdr [cdr]. 
 Forktail see Microcichla, Henicurus. 
 Form s. lyu; -lu. 
 Form vb. zd. 
 Former dyo-re: dyo-sd; nyo-ld, nyol-ld 
 
 Formerly dydri; dydn-nd dydn-nd;Jiya; 
 sd-dya; td-dya; dyo; dr-sd td-dyo; 
 *nar-yon [nd]. ^ 
 
492 
 
 Formidable — Friend 
 
 Friendshijo — Future 
 
 Formidable a-fim [ft]; ro-wun-sd; 
 
 Tbr. : sun-com pd-yuk hydn. 
 Fornication *ce-mo-ldt\ to commit f. len. 
 Fornicator *ce-bo; *gyo-zdn; Tbr.: s«- 
 
 nom pd-lyup. 
 Forsake son; fat; com 
 Fortress *jon; *ca-ri; pan. 
 Fortunate *tso-di nyim-bo; *sd-ndvi 
 
 I'd; kin-tsum-ryum-bo. 
 Fortune *tso-di; *sd-ndm; *dy6n; kin- 
 
 tsum (ryum); (wealth) *nor. 
 Forty kd-fd-U; Ea-nydt. 
 Forward pyil-ld [pi]; to lean forwards 
 
 gryuii. 
 Foster cdn; ju; nyir; fostered a-li. 
 Foul him. 
 
 Foundation '*ts6; ban; *te. 
 Fountain *cu mik; un cuk-lyan; see 
 
 miir nyo. 
 Four fd-li; *si; the fourth fd-li-bo; 
 
 fourteen fd-li tap; the fourteenth fd- 
 li tap-bo; four times ^o fd-li; the fourth 
 
 time fio fd-li-bo-re. 
 Fowl *by6; *ca; hik; Tbr.: sd-ryok nor; 
 
 jungle-f. td (ti(.n) -klin-fo; sejB under 
 
 sd-nyim. 
 Fowlhouse fo-don; hik-don; a-don. 
 Fox *w6-mo. 
 Fraction *pye-ro. 
 Fragment a-pdk; a-fi; a-dot. 
 Frame bun-ri; a-kum. 
 Frangible gal-ydm-bo. 
 Frankincense *pd. 
 Fraternity tam-pun [pun]. 
 Fraud kUn-dyu; op. 
 Free fUn-vdn [vdii[; bra; ti, til-Id; a-krdm; 
 
 kd-glyo-ld [glo] ; to getf . ^m ; set f fydr[tdrj. 
 Freedom a-sdm [sd, sd]; *fdn-de. 
 Freewill bot. 
 Freeze kyan. 
 
 Frequented a-ydn; see gyap. 
 Frequently tdn; gyap-pd. 
 Fresh a-fon; a-hlap; fresh (chi) a-nor. 
 Friction ndk-ldt. 
 Friday fdt sd-dyak; *pa-san. 
 Friend dyen zdn; niim-dyen; tyolnij.; 
 
 a-lut-sd a-lydn zdn (354 a.),- gd-bo; 
 
 jdk-tydl; a-niim [nil]; niim zdn. 
 
 Friendship dyen zdn dyeh niivi [nii] ; 
 dyen zdn 16m; tam-pun [pun]. 
 
 Friendless siik-jUk-ld [jiik]. 
 
 Frighten rom cdk [ro]; fiydn. 
 
 Frill dum-sih' (415 a.),- a-swp. 
 
 Fringes dUm-se; a-sum; fyel;j6n; *ton-kut. 
 
 Frisk lok. 
 
 Frivolous td-klo [hid]. 
 
 Frog td-liik; see kul (pul)-ddk; kiir-dd 
 td-iak; td-krok td-liik; da-ri; din-gdl 
 tik; tuk-blo td-liik; miin-jin; liok-pdk; 
 luk-blo; lak-tsok; lUk-uyen; tree-frog 
 sd-nok; sd-nyi sd-nok. 
 
 From -nitn; lydn-niin. 
 
 Front kiir-von. 
 
 Frost mun-hlo; a-kyon. 
 
 Frown kin jom siim. 
 
 Frozen to be *%eA dovi. 
 
 Fructify grik; pot. 
 
 Frugality pit. 
 
 Fruit pot., a-p6t, fam-pot; (not quite 
 ripe) a-grik; (of yam etc.) tuk-brok 
 [brok]; the fruits of the earth) tam-bdn 
 rem-bdn [bdn] fivsi fruit see niim-bri [bri] ; 
 tam-pUt [pat]; (eSect) jom; fruitful bat- 
 bo [bd] ; fruitless a-p6t md-nyin-ne. 
 
 Fry vb. u. 
 
 Fuchsia *li-si rip. 
 
 Full a-blydn; kryul; nyan; *tdm; pd- 
 bdr-ld [bar] ; sd-tak-ld [tak]; to be f 
 blydn; bd; tak; to be too full sot; full- 
 grown a-brom [bra] ; full length blyot-td. 
 
 Fumigate fak. 
 
 Funeral-ceremonies a-mak dyok [mak]; 
 sUn-bam; sun-lyon; to perform funeral- 
 ceremonies a-fit-n tek; f.-pile *sin-Ki; 
 f.-fee con-ydn ; f.-feast * tdn. 
 
 Fungus dor; tHr-, see tHr-nam; tHr-nydn: 
 tHr-mum; tur-sep; tiir-ci; tHr-ton; tiir- 
 tyuk; tur-bdt; tHr-cd tiir-tdn; tHr-lyun; 
 tur-hlet [hlet] ; tur-sun; tior-dyiik; td- 
 ryon; td-li; nd-lan; hik-ti dor; kd-so 
 dor. See Boletus. 
 
 Furbish klit. 
 
 Furlough *gon-bo. 
 
 Furrow a-nat; a-bral. 
 
 Further ik pyil-ld. 
 
 Future zd; td-gum; ''pu. 
 
Gab bat ha — Gecinus 
 
 Gecinulus — Give 
 
 493 
 
 Gabbatha Idn-ldp-bo. 
 
 Gaiety sak-ryut; sak-Uum sak-par; gd- 
 
 wuii. 
 Galaxy lom ton (362 a.); lum-ton, lum-ba. 
 Gall ''Mi-bo. 
 Gallium mun-klyok-rik. 
 Gallinago nemoricola td-nok. 
 Gallop *gyuk. 
 
 Gallophasis melanota kd-kryak-fo. 
 Gallus td-klin. 
 Game (Hind, po.cclsi) pan-ci; *mik mon; 
 
 sd-fdn bik; kd-cir; lyon; tiik-blut [bliij. 
 Game a-mdn; t'am-cdn [cdn]. 
 Gampsorhynchus rufulus con td-fyep 
 
 fo; po tsun yom-lop sel. 
 Gap (in maize-corn, in teeth) a-krot 
 Gape gon; horn. 
 Garden '*Un; *dam-br6. 
 Gardener sin-ran-bo. 
 Garland pok. 
 Garlic mun-gu; pd-ki mim-gu; mim-sel; 
 
 sd-fyu; sun-gu; rom-bo. 
 Garment dum; a-dydm; *ko. 
 Garrulax see kd-hryum-fo; kd-hryo-fo; 
 
 G. ocellatus kiir-hdm-fo; G. caerulatus 
 
 td-mol-fo; G. albogularis ritp-cU-fo ; G. 
 
 moniliger (td-)dl-fo. 
 Garrulous boii gyap-bo; kum-U-ydm-bo 
 
 [si] Tbr.: num-so-mo [so]. 
 Garrulity kiim-si [si] ; pyop-ldt. 
 Garrulus hlo kd-hryo-fo (9 a.). 
 Garters fon-mk-dam. 
 Garuga pinnata rom kun; mvd-dit kun. 
 Gasp a-som hdt-ld dot; hyom, to gasp 
 
 for ndk, (a-sdni) ki. 
 Gate *go-ddn; vyeti; tiin-vyen. 
 Gather jam; *dii; rdt; hrvp; up *kriik; 
 
 together gyom, gyom lik [gom] ; bom; 
 
 mop; *sok; tyum. [tyii]. 
 Gathering a-fyiim [tyii] ; "gyu. 
 Gay bldn. 
 
 Gaze at pur-tsdr-ld ndk [tsar]. 
 Gecinus occipitalis miin-klydn-fd ; mun- 
 
 iuk-fo. 
 
 Gecinulus kd-t'yev-fo. 
 
 General adj. *pyi; *a-zuin [zum]. 
 
 Generate at, (lydt, yet; ddr; to be 
 
 generated gyek. 
 Generation a-tin; a-fyin ; 7m-fok ; * rap ; 
 
 '^pii-tso. 
 Generous rydt-bo, a-rydi; kd-yon-bo 
 
 (4 6.); to be g. ot; rydt. 
 Generosity *krin. 
 Genesis a-ciyit-sd siiii. 
 Genius (a-)Mt lydk-ydm-bo. 
 Gentle niim-md niim-md; "nyen-bo; a- 
 
 nyen; sak-nyen-bo ; jti. 
 Gentleness a-nyen; tuu-jdm (see under 
 
 jom^. 
 Gently dam-md dajn-md; ni'ir-rd niir-rd; 
 
 niim-md niim-md; sd-dii-ld [dii]. 
 Genuine *Uk, a-sik. 
 Geocichla citrina ''kan-tu na-yuvi'\ 
 Germ lydn, a-lydn; a-len. 
 Germinate vik. 
 
 Germination a-lydn (a-lcri) brop. 
 Gesticulate (a-kd) ek. 
 Gesticulation tiik-cok [cokj. 
 Get fop; nun; up luk. 
 Ghi nyen-sd a-lUt; mor kd-fom-bo; mor 
 
 jit ; mor mydn. 
 Ghost blydk (dyiini); a-pil; lydk mii/i; 
 
 sum; fam-len [len] ; pdk-co; gh. of tiger 
 
 yon; the Holy Ghost a-som a-tson. 
 Giddy pydm pydm; see tUn-glu mik vun; 
 
 piir-vok; to be g. lun luk; nor. 
 Gift a-dot a-c6t; fam-byin [byiJ;*jim-bo; 
 
 *kye: *d6k kyem; '*ydn. 
 Gilding jer *kar-y6. 
 Gimlet cdp-set; *zon. 
 Ginger Mn; see tijn-gli hin [gli]. 
 Gird kum; *rek. 
 Girdle kvm-bo; a-kul; *ku-r6; gin; a-rek; 
 
 niim-rek; fam-rek; nydm-rek. 
 Girl niim-lyen [lyen]. 
 Girth *lo dam; niim-rek; tam-rek [rek]. 
 Give byi, byin; bi; bo; *tdii, *ton; *tdp 
 
 *tat; to give upwards hryon [hryon], 
 
r494 
 
 Gizzard — Go 
 
 Goal — Gorge 
 
 to g. back cik; lyot byi; to give up 
 
 com. 
 Gizzard of fowls td-gol [gdl]. 
 Glad sak a-dim [cU] ; to be g. '-go; *fdt. 
 Glance s. sd-lyup; vb. to g. to a-mik 
 
 su.ndk. 
 Gland a-dil; man-du; man-td-la; td-la; 
 
 [la]; g. of the musk-deer sd-bur fyen. 
 Glass *ser; glass-bead ndr; kun-un. 
 Glaucidium cuculoides tdn-pum. 
 Gleaning a-suk. 
 Glide sal, sdl, down hid, hid ml. 
 Glisten cir. 
 Glitter cir; cin cin mat; lyop; gydr; 
 
 glittering jir-rd jir-rd; jir-rd rir-rd; 
 
 gyor-bo. 
 Globe a-pvm. 
 Globular a-pum; rd-rydl-ld [rydlj ; pd- 
 
 pap-la [pap]; pd-plydk-ld [plydk], to 
 
 be g. can. 
 Gloomy Mr-Id; td-dur [dur]\ fd-vi-ld 
 
 [vij. 
 Glorious *kra-si den; to be g. dyiim; dh. 
 Glory s. 'wat; dn; a-tsur, num-tsiir 
 
 [tsur] ; bor-ldt; pum-zu. 
 Glory vb. a-bryan mat. 
 Glossy yul-ld y&l-ld. 
 Glove a-kd siik. 
 Glow gydr; hyum-md hyum-md zu da; 
 
 don 
 Glowworm mun-un fam-bu; td (tuk) 
 
 -pyit-bu [pyit]. 
 Glue s. *pyin; vb. pyin-sd jor. 
 Glutinous kyon kyon. 
 Glutton tiir-bu; sd-ham ydm-bo [ham, 
 
 402 a.]. 
 Gnaphalium ptir-cen rip; rniir (mar^ 
 
 -cm rip. 
 Gnashing sound tsar tmr. 
 Gnat sd-uydt. 
 Go non; *cdn; to go along 16m; to go 
 
 away noh; to go forth pld; (pyil-ld) 
 
 non; to go in-, into sul; to go in ad- 
 vance hid; to go off (as gun) kryok; 
 
 to go out zdn; to go right thro' pryot; 
 
 to go round kor, /cor; to go to and 
 
 fro yon; to go and return vyol, vyol 
 
 Ut. 
 
 Goal din. 
 
 Goat sd-ar; Tbr. : bon-gyap-mo; long- 
 haired g. sd-ro; wild g. sd-pyiik. 
 
 Gobble fam; bap. 
 
 Goblet fam; fam-pu. 
 
 God riim; dar tek; *hla; Lepcha gods: 
 fd-gron fin (god of procreation, consort 
 of nd-z6n-nyo; — riim-zon pd-no (god 
 of weapons, c. of nd-li pun-di; — niin- 
 lyen-no (guardian spirit of men); — 
 td-ran (g. of forests, c. of nd-ran); — 
 dek-fom-bo riim; kin-tsum riim or rH/rn 
 k.-ts., mat (g. of fortune); — cu-^iom 
 (g. of snows); — sd-kyH (g. of corn); 
 
 — md (mun) -kun md (jnim) -la (guar- 
 dian spirit of life, see han-la; — nd- 
 rut (the recording angel.) See sd-gi; 
 tiet-sek-bo. 
 
 Goddess rikn-mit ; dar-mit ; jer-mit ; jer-sd 
 td-dyii mit; pum-nyo; L. goddesses 
 nd-z6n-nyo, nd-gron-nyo, kyun-nok zuk- 
 bo, tok nd-li nd-zon-nyo, mm (or {ay) 
 i{) de-nyo [de]; sii-liin-yii nd-gron-nyo 
 (g. of procreation, wife of fd-gron f); 
 
 — nd-li pUn-di (g. of agriculture and 
 industry, w. of riim-zon); — kd-tan-f, 
 (guardian spirit of females); — nd-ran 
 (silvan spirit, wife of td-ran); md-nun 
 mit id.; — tUn-kun tiin-la mit, yet tO-n- 
 kun mit (female water-spirits); ^^ere 
 niin-dd Id-vo mit (g. of all seasons); 
 
 — fd-da fo l6n-bo (a goddess) ; — Q'l) 
 yon-cen-nyo (g. of fortune). 
 
 Goitre td-dyot [dyotj. 
 
 Goldye>'; Tbr.: * wdt-nyim-bo, viun-ga-Lep 
 golden tam-i; man-ra(f). 
 
 (long *tin-s6; tdn-tin. 
 
 Gonorrhea td-gro mun zdk. 
 
 Good ryu-wiin, a-ryum [ryu]; a-yan; 
 kiim-yo kHm-ba [yo]; a-dum [duj; kydn- 
 bo (full bodied) a-blam; passably good 
 a-dr [dr] ; (allright) zdn zdn; *le; it is 
 good *le-so; *tdp-pd. 
 
 Goodbye ryu-ld bam-md-o. 
 
 Goods paw; *gi-cd; *nor. 
 
 Goose a wild kur-ndk. 
 
 Gordonia Wallichii sUm-bran kun. 
 
 Gorge (canon) 16m byer. 
 
Gorgeous — Grrating 
 
 Gratis — Grown 
 
 495 
 
 Gorgeous Mr-son kiir-du. 
 
 Gospel a-sut a-ryum. 
 
 Gossypium ki; kum-fot. 
 
 Gout (rheumatic) prap dv. 
 
 Government '^tem-po [-ten]; ke-bo; sd- 
 tsuk Id-vo [tsuk 306 a.). 
 
 Grace fu je; *gi'in-rdn. 
 
 Gracious *gun-rdn mat-lun; *tap-nydn 
 co-luh; see "sen. 
 
 Grade a-fyen; lower in g. a-hlep; one 
 g. below or above a-fel. 
 
 Gradually hydm-md; pyil-ld pyil-ld; 
 [pi]', frdk-kd frok-kd [frok] sd-sa-ld 
 [saj. 
 
 Grain zo; *byu; *cak; — g. of wood 
 a-sor; — specc. of g. : kd-hrot; kum 
 (niivi) -dak; ko-gro; tson (^-grd); num- 
 dm-zo; nd-nom; bdk-to; bad g. hu; 
 g. with husk on a-mon; g. of maize 
 a-mik; g. of cock's comb kun-ra kd- 
 nyem; parched g. td-fa [fa]; imper- 
 fectly p. g. td-brum [brum] ; fermented 
 g. a-hyep, see ci; refuse of g. tun-sen 
 [sen]. 
 
 Grammatoptila striata num-pydk fo. 
 
 Granary ^zdt; zo ton. 
 
 Grandchild a-zon; nyi-t'd; ktip zon. 
 
 Grandfather ti-kun. 
 
 Grandmother nyi-kun; nyo-kun. 
 
 Grant bo; *ndn; *tdn; *sen. 
 
 Granulation biit. 
 
 Grape ''kiin, *gun; tun-rot. 
 
 Grapes ^gun-rum. 
 
 Grasp gydn [gdn] ; tep;pyup; nup; a firm 
 (sudden) g. pU. 
 
 Grasping ham-bo. 
 
 (frass pon; see mun-lem mun-ba; muh- 
 dyep; mun-se; muk-nyam tuk-tsdk; pd- 
 s6r; pd-som; tiid-fyum nydm; td-se bon 
 mdt; tdk-tsdk; nyon; tsu-nok; yok-sim 
 te bun. 
 
 Grasshopper tuk-nyom [nydm, 1 30 a J : 
 p6n-td-rel; num-jit-nydm. 
 
 Grateful * krin-so-ydm-bo. 
 
 Gratify sak par. 
 
 Grating s. a-gryon; grating sound yr^oi- 
 td gryot-td; grit grit; rdt-td rot-ta; 
 jet-td jet-td; brop. 
 
 Gratis ti, til-Id. 
 
 Grauialus macei td-lii) fo. 
 
 Grave s. cok; Yakthumba-gr. dyip siri; 
 
 adj (not laughing) see mUn-tan. 
 Grave man jik-ld nyim-bo. 
 Gravel fdt grot Idn-ji; Idn-zor; td-jit 
 
 [ji]- 
 Graze zot; to be grazed fiok; fan; klon. 
 Grease *num. 
 Great a-tim; tim-bo [ti] ; *ce-bo; cen-bo 
 
 [*ce]; brom [bro]; the great tok; a. g. 
 
 man a-fyak brom; gan-bo; a-gan; great 
 
 numbers a-fop; in g. numbers bron. 
 Greedy to be hdr, a-hdr mat; ham-bo 
 
 kyop; sd-ham mat. 
 (Treen a-fdn; fon-bo; fun-fon-bo, (unripe) 
 
 a-ju; a-o [a]. 
 Grey nd (niim) -nom; piir-cok-ld [cok]; 
 
 (hair) kd-ur-ld [ur] ; siin-gryam; (eyes) 
 
 tuk; tiik-fuk; grey hair fd-not [no]. 
 Grief sak sd-gram. 
 Grieve a-yd m,at [a-yd]. 
 Grieved to be sak ddk; sak-nyin; sak- 
 
 diik; a-Mt-ka zdk. 
 Grin jiii-nd jin-nd mat; sUn-jin-ld tydn. 
 Grind nok; nrik; *t'6k; see under lun- 
 
 (351 b.); to g. down com. 
 Grinders fo gom. 
 Gripes, to have the g. sam-md som-m.d 
 
 li [som]. 
 Gristle *cak-krum; brat. 
 Gristly brdt-td brdt-ta. 
 Grit Idn-ji; Idn-zor; td-jit [ji]. 
 Grizzled kd-kril-ld [kril]. 
 Groan kUH; fid; ''Uun. 
 Groin pd {pur or pUn) -cet sd-hd [cet[. 
 Groom *td-pdn; on ndk-bo. 
 Groove a-gritn. 
 Grope along ryop; about tap yap-ld 
 
 non. 
 Grosbeak see Pyrrhoplectes. 
 Ground fdt, fat; lyan; nyot; *sa. 
 Grouped to be cam. 
 Grow lin; nyor; Ikfi; to g. up tdr; to g. 
 
 outwards sol. 
 Growing out hrydn; g. up well por pr. 
 Growl nyur. 
 Grown a-dar, tdr-non. 
 
496 
 
 Grub — Gyrinus 
 
 Habits - Hang 
 
 Grub vb. ndr. 
 
 Grub worm see frok-bu; pd-go-bv; nyuti- 
 
 bu; pd-gok-bu; fat tun-bvm. 
 Grudge s. tsvn; vb. non; dum. 
 Gruel tuk-tdk. 
 Grumbling a-fyiil rin; dum-lun; see 
 
 *suk. 
 Gryllidae tuk-nydm; nyom; q v.; spec : 
 
 fd-lok, num-jit nydm, num-on; num-dan; 
 
 num-bon; Gryllus domesticus tun-dydr; 
 
 Gryllotalpa nvm-brit tuk-nydm. 
 Grunt nruk; nrak; nek; nyiir. 
 Grunting nek-kd nek-kd; nok-kd nok-kd. 
 Guard grun; rdn; *sun; against *kdk; 
 
 tor; s. *gar-n6n. 
 Guardian rdn-bo. 
 Guava tsun-ru kun; cen-re kun. 
 Guess *tsdt; by g. mik mydm; tmt-tun. 
 Guest nun. 
 Guide s. l&m l&n-bo; I6m frdn-bo; 16m- 
 
 hld-bo. 
 
 Guide vb. Ion; *Ka-lo mat [*KaJ. 
 
 Guinea-worm fd-bu. 
 
 Gullet sd-grek. 
 
 Gulp gap; s. Mp. 
 
 Gum a-hyo; of teeth fo-nel; fo-nyel. 
 
 Gun sd-dydr mi; priming pan of gun 
 
 sur-nyor; Ka-sur. 
 Gunpowder *ze see under sd-dydr 3986. 
 Gush out (blood) (vi) bom-ld pld. 
 Gust (of wind) a-pldk; in gusts hur-rd 
 
 hur-rd. 
 Gut pok dun. 
 Gutter tuk-v&r; tuk-ci-vo; mm; cum tiih- 
 
 jek [ciij. 
 Guttural (voice) gryon-nd. 
 Gyps fulvescens gat. 
 Gyrations tilk-cdp [cap]. 
 Gyrinus tuk-dum. 
 
 H 
 
 Habits mat-ldm; mat-Ui sop-lu; bad habit 
 
 Idn-so. 
 Hack tydt. 
 Hades muk-nyam lyan; nvh-ydh; see ton- 
 
 dek; td-siri td-no da. 
 Haematopota pluvialis pd-tyu [tyuj. 
 Haematospiza sipahi fd-Un fo. 
 Haft a-gli. 
 Hail sd-tap. 
 Hair a-ts6m, *(m) kro; on body myal, a- 
 
 myal; single h. Men; Jmatted hair a- 
 
 tsdm brill. 
 Hairy kiir-son; to be hairy tyom 
 Halcyon sun-kydn pd-lan; ter. 
 Half *pyet; tuk-pyet; ban; *bar. 
 Halfclosed (eye) rap. 
 Halfwitted tuk-nal bon [nalj. 
 Haliaetus leucogaster ko-hi; pa-zii ko-hi. 
 Halo tun-kul [kul] ; *wdt-kor. 
 Halt sd-han; *(em. 
 Halting gait kywn kyum 
 Hammer *fo. 
 
 Hammock dum kyun; no. 
 
 Hamster pd-yu-no. 
 
 Hand kd, kd, a-kd; *c6k; *py6k; "ca; 
 
 *cak; *lak; *ldk; bone of h. a-hrit; 
 
 palm of h. lyok; wathever comes to h. 
 
 a-nom [nom] ; to come to h. lat. 
 Handful a-kd cit [kd] ; kd tan; vyor; kd 
 
 vi; a-vi; ap con (85 6.). 
 Handicraft *lak-zo; kd-mor [kdj. 
 Handiwork kd su. 
 Handkerchief td-rd; to-ro. 
 Handle s. tsam-set; tsam-l.yan ; a-fut; 
 
 tuk-fut [futj; lun; vb a-kd kya kya mat. 
 Handmill hrn-tdk; liin-sum. 
 Handpost on road 16m kuh jdk. 
 Handsome ryam-bo, a-ryam ; a-zuk; ky6k- 
 
 nyim-bo; a-c6n; pa {pur')-s6n [s6h]. 
 Hang vb. t. hu; hu t'o; hydn; hydn fo; 
 
 to h. round vya; to h. a person hydn 
 
 s6t; vb. n. *can; byon; byol; (pendulous) 
 
 gydn-nd gydn-nd nan; to let hang down 
 
 glydt. 
 
Haug- 
 
 -Hawk 
 
 Hay — Helpless 
 
 497 
 
 Hang down in festoons hul, nan. 
 
 Hanging down (head) gdj). 
 
 Happen lat; pld; sd; tydn; nyoh, nun. 
 
 Happiness gd-wun; sak-ryut. 
 
 Happy sak-cin ryum-bo; sak-tsum sak- 
 
 par-sd bam-bo; sak-zdr-ld; tvr-fyan 
 
 [fyan]; to be h. *gye. 
 Harbour §y6k. 
 Hard a-grot; a-grot [groj ; a-tydp; a-fel; 
 
 a-ts6k; a-lit; a-hlan; to be h. Man; 
 
 lit; kdk; (not well cooked) yon; to 
 
 become h. Idn; glan; hard earth svn- 
 
 jen-ld [jen]. 
 Harden vb. t. tsok-ld mat; tdm-ldjmat; 
 
 torn kon. 
 Hardened to be tu. 
 Hardness *nd7\ 
 Hardly *kat-non-niin. 
 Harlot *Ka-nak; *ce-mo; nvm-lyen num- 
 
 hlot [lyen]. 
 Harm *ndt, ndt, not. 
 Harmony c&m-mun; a-cdin; [c6] ; ''non- 
 tun; to be in h. prya 
 Harpactes hodgsoni suk-vor fo. 
 Harrass *cd; cin. 
 Harrassed to be jet; jen; gryom; a-jiim 
 
 mat. 
 Harrassing nmi-cd [* cd] ; a-ji'nn-sd; 
 
 far-cu. 
 Harsh (language) a-c6r; brop; grydn-nd 
 
 gryon-nd; (flavour) dyan; to be h. with 
 
 za7i. 
 Harvest a-dyek tu-tidt [ek] ; a-fd; ek 
 
 tu-t!<dt; du tu-tmt. 
 Haste *nor-Uk [no]; fur-ldt. 
 Hasten gram; ren; one's self fvr. 
 Hasty a-hrum; wur-fdk. 
 Hastily, gdl-ld gdl-ld [gd] ; kd-kar-ld 
 
 [kar] ; lydt-td lydt-td; hdt-td hdt-td. 
 Hatchet prit. 
 Hate mik jit; a-mik sd-cer-ld li /287 a.] ; 
 
 mik-mm /^31 b.] ; ndk md-td-ne. 
 Hatred *se-hre; *se-lok; *mr-nd. 
 Haughtiness pa-tdn. 
 Haunch-bone tiXk-brdn hrat. 
 Have see nyi; -ka, -sd; having -nyim-bo. 
 Hawk see Astur; *lir6. 
 Hawk vb. I'ok. 
 
 Hay poii-ci. 
 
 Hazardous nu-nyim-bo. 
 Haze tdr-mom. 
 He M; he- see -bti; -Ion. 
 Head a-tyak; *u; tok; *5'o ; (chief point) 
 a-cun; (principal) "tsu; (origo) a-pum; 
 h. of family lum-fin; having large h. 
 td-ta-bo [taj; h.-eiid a-nal. 
 Head vb. gor; hul; bro. 
 Headache a-tyak ddk. 
 Headband " gyam-tut. 
 Headman tyak-ho. 
 Headstall (of children) nok. 
 Heal a-sd [sd]. 
 Healed to be sd; hyup; pon. 
 Health md-zu; *fu ten. 
 Healthy a-ryum [ryu] ; a-sdm [sd] : to 
 
 be h. hrdt. 
 Heap s. a-pun. 
 Heap together /)?)?; to; up bok-lun to; 
 
 myup; *tsuk. 
 Heaped /o//"//;? yo//-/«/ ; nHi'i-jdn-ld [jdtl]. 
 Hear tyo; *nydn; * sen. 
 Heart a-liit; ^nyin. 
 Heartgrief a-lut cdt. 
 Hearth *tdp: *mi top; pvr-dap [dap., 
 
 dap] ; p>ur-kom [komj. 
 Heartily sak-bo-ld; sak-di-Jd. 
 Heat s. a-hrum; *t>.'a. 
 Heat vb. fdn. 
 
 Heaven td-lyan; pum-zii; *nam; * k'a. 
 Heavy *a-wun; a-lim [U]\ bryon-nd; 
 gldm-ld; (punishment) ndk-kvn-sd; (h.- 
 rumped) a-tol. 
 Hedgehog kd-ser; quill of h. a-cd. 
 Heedless to be pd. 
 Heel "tin; *tun. 
 Height a-ti/n, *p'an; h. of a person 
 
 dam. 
 Heir *dun; *m-nyim-bo; h.-loom yo-tyd. 
 Helictis Nepalensis sd-hlyu. 
 Hell lyan a-nok; *ny6. 
 Helmet *ca-mdk. 
 Help s. a-pon; pun-top pvn-jd [top]; 
 
 a-tyol: h. for tyd. 
 Help vb. pon; top; tdn-dok mat; vai 
 
 mat. 
 Helpless a-b&i). 
 
 32 
 
498 
 
 Hem — High 
 
 Hem s. kin; a-kun; nyo; to h. cem; — (to 
 clear the throat) Kok, sdr. 
 
 Hemicheldon dan civi-pa [cim-pa]. 
 
 Hemipus picatus vyum-fo. 
 
 Hemixus nd-li pun-di fo; cin-ci-ok fo. 
 
 Hemlock nyit-kun. 
 
 Hemp fd-ti. 
 
 Hen hik-mot. 
 
 Hence a-re-nun; dr-mat-ba; dr-nun 
 mat-ba. 
 
 Henceforth o-re-nun a-lem; dr-nun 
 pyi(l)-ld gdn; o-re-nun rel-ld. 
 
 Heptapleuron impressum sun-ton. 
 
 Herd a-nor; a-nor pun; a-dop; a-gum. 
 
 Here a-ba, a-bi, a-fi, a-re-ba[a] ; bon, 
 look h. me; here and there a-ba pi- 
 bafa]; a-tsd lo-ld lo-ld; zd zd; kuii- 
 kyon-nd [*kyon]; kryon kryon; kat-mat 
 kat-mat; pil cil [pi] ; sd-fu sd-fa; brdm 
 brdm [brd]; tuk-kd tak-kd [tak] ; here- 
 above a-t'an [a]; hereafter tsdn-ka; 
 tsdn-na. 
 
 Hermaphrodite fm-men, ''ma-nin. 
 
 Hermit "tiom-bo; *ts<im-cet nan-bo; 'zdt- 
 po gom-bam-bo. 
 
 Hermitage '^tMln-gon; *kra-tiidn. 
 
 Hernia (internal) td-lan [Ian]. 
 
 Hernicarus un sum-cit-fo etc. /446 A]. 
 
 Heron see Butorides. 
 
 Hesitate tiom-tioni mat; hyo hyo mat. 
 
 Heteromorpha Mo rum-nyo fo. 
 
 Heteroneuron kd-nyo fo td-kli tiin-krok. 
 
 Heteropanax fragrans sd-ryok kd-tyan. 
 
 Heteroptera ndp tsdr. 
 
 Hew kyok; ndt; tyot; fan; to h. down 
 cek; to h. square fiok. 
 
 Heynea trijuga tdk-td kun- 
 
 Hibiscus esculentus see kun-tsu. 
 
 Hiccough lidk dak. 
 
 Hide s. a-fun; kum-t'un; kom-bo. 
 
 Hide vb. gydl-ld fap; grop; *cdp. 
 
 Hidden ma-fom-bo; mul; see sur, sur-ka; 
 h. goods pun-Sdl [sal]. 
 
 Hierax caerulescens cin-fin-nel. 
 
 Hierococcyx varius bim pd-yul; H. 
 sperveroides ibd. ; tuk-fyer; H. nisicolor 
 din-pit. 
 
 High td-ta-bo\ tal-ld [ta] ; tul; fo; t'u- 
 
 Highness — Holy 
 
 bam-bo; td-lyan zdn; kUn-kron-ld [krdn]; 
 *ya-bo; a-tsen; h. above tal-ld tal-ld 
 [ta]; very li. cu zdn; higher than tiih- 
 da7n [dam]; high i. q. noble *je: highest 
 point din. 
 Highness, your H. *gon ku jo. 
 Highten tal byi; tal-ld mat. 
 Highway ton Urn; Um ton. 
 Hilarocichla see 3366. 
 Hill jdn, jon; *hlo; "ri; rrik. 
 Hilly sUn-jdn-ld [j&ii] ; pd-blu-bo [blu]. 
 Hinder *k6k; *kdt mat; *ge; hdr. 
 Hindi! kih-zdh-bo; see lum. 
 Hint s. tiin-bdr; fam-bor [bdr] ; vb. nor byi. 
 Hip tijk-bron. 
 Hippuris un liin-min. 
 Hire vb. 16 mat lyo. 
 Hirsute kiir-son. 
 Hissing Uk sik; sil-ld sil-ld. 
 History 'siin; siin-rin. 
 Hit zuk; jdk. 
 Hitch win; wun. 
 Hither a-lem [a]; bon. 
 Hoar mim-hlo. 
 Hoarse to be a-nyum cup. 
 Hobgoblin nok-sdr. 
 Hock tiin-sen [sen]. 
 
 Hodge-podge see hU.t-td hlyot-td [hid] . 
 Hodgsonia see kd-fyor lb. 
 Hoe s. *tdk-tsu,; siin-kdn; hyim; *j6r. 
 Hoe vb. kryok; byol [bol]. 
 Hog mdn. 
 Hogdeer sd-tyo. 
 Holboellia latifolia pron ca-rik. 
 Hold tuam; '*zet; sil; to seize h. of kyiip; 
 
 to h. between teeth tot; liold! ba; to 
 
 h. (a fair) Qgo-lo) Ink. 
 Hole an; td-ah; a-sa; tiin-hon; pd-hon 
 
 [hdn] ; a-hyam; a-pur; mdn-vor. 
 Holiness *nan-ts'dn. 
 Hollow a-gru'/i; kd-hor-bo; kfan-Mh-ld 
 
 [hon]; h. below gop; hollow-cheeked 
 
 to be cup; to hollow out fok; fol; — 
 
 a hollow in which birds make their 
 
 nest tdk; fo tok. 
 Holly sin-sd. 
 
 Holms kirldia sd-vyet kun tHk-cim. 
 Holy tok-bo: *t-<d/'/; to be h. gli. 
 
Holyday — Household 
 
 Holy day *nyen-ne. 
 
 Home ham-lyan; *jik. 
 
 Homonoia riparia miin-M hin. 
 
 Honest kum-yo kum-ba[yo]; to be nan. 
 
 Honesty nan-lat; ^nan-tion. 
 
 Honey tu. 
 
 Honey-comb, a-lyan; after the h. has 
 
 been extracted hryok; see also kryuk. 
 Honour bci kyop; bd mat; tsu-ld mat; te- 
 
 bo mat; s. man. 
 Honourable *tsun; *je-tsun. 
 Hoof tmi-gren; fut, a-fut. 
 Hook huk-set; hydn-si; ''ca-gok; reaping- 
 hook kar-jd; ka-ca; meat-h. *co-ztm; 
 
 *san-zun. 
 Hookah td [tun]-gdn. 
 Hooked kd-kol-ld [kol]; to be h. gret. 
 Hoop a-kyup; a-vok. 
 Hoopoe see Upupa (3356). 
 Hope gron; *ri. 
 Hopping kd-fyen. 
 Horeites brunneifrons luk-lik fo. 
 Horizon a-tel; lyan-tel; mlo-tel; mlo-sok. 
 Horizontal tuk-fyon [fyon]. 
 Horn roil, a-ron, small h. blup; (musical 
 
 instrument) ko-Jiol. 
 Hornet fam-bik pd-no [bik] ; tik, see fyen. 
 Horoscop *kar-tsu kyop-sum-bo. 
 Horrific fi fi. 
 Horse on; *ta. 
 Horsefly pd-t'yu [tyuj. 
 Horseshoe on-ka. 
 Hospitality fam,-pun [pun]; to accept 
 
 h. *su. 
 Host *jin-ddk. 
 Hostelry not-U. 
 Hostile jum; piln-jum'. 
 Hostility gd-ldt. 
 Hot a-hrum [hru]; *ts'a; Tery h. flat-td 
 
 flat-td; h. weather so d; Tbr. po gdn bu 
 
 (pungent) a-sum [su]. 
 Hound kd-ju man. 
 Hour *cu-tsdt. 
 House U; U pu; *Kyum; kron, upright 
 
 beams of h. td-ran [ran] . 
 Household *U. 
 
 Housekeeper — Hystrix 
 
 499 
 
 Housekeeper *si-nyer-bo; mlo Man 
 
 tsam-bo. 
 Housewife (work-box) sam-pi. 
 How su yciri; su-nun; sd-lo; sd-lom; sd- 
 
 lom mat; sd-lo ydn; how long sd-tet fi; 
 
 how many, how much sd-tet [sd 393 b. 
 
 —394/. 
 However -sen-Id; -sen go-run; yan-ld: 
 
 gdn-ld; td. 
 Howl yon. 
 Hug *kil; kyiil; gom. 
 Huge tim-bo, a-tim [ti]; h. belly mu mi. 
 Human bring sim-nyo; nitm-sim-nyo [h] ; 
 
 a-fo a-dum. 
 Humble vb. gon pok; nan. 
 Hump a-fyam. 
 
 Hundred Ma fd-no; ^gya or *gy6 kat. 
 Hunger krif, krit dak. 
 Hungry krit nom,; hyer; a-mlem yon; 
 
 Tbr: a-liit va va li. 
 Hunt man ryak; ydt; lyiim mat. 
 Hunter man ryak-bo; sa ra-bo; iiidn sa- 
 
 ra-bo. 
 Hurdl(? tiik-tsuk [tsdk]. 
 Hurricane ru-rup tsnn rok [riip] ; sii,n- 
 
 miit rum bam; siiii-mvt rum bol [bolj . 
 Hurried kan kan., a-kan; Mp-pd lyap-pd 
 
 [lyapj; kdp-pd kdp-pd; hal-ld hal-ld. 
 Hurry lUn-lilyan klek [hlyan]. 
 Hurt *7iai; a sore hydt; s. *ke; *pun; to 
 
 be h. ndk. 
 Husband a-vo; husband of father's sister 
 
 a-zot'i. 
 Husk s. td-fyek; fup; td-fup; a-pi; empty 
 
 h. (zo) ben. 
 Husk vb. fyek; hyek: hok. 
 Hut li td-rdm [rd] ; (without walls) a- 
 
 hryih't. 
 Hydrobata num-bon kvr-ydk fo. 
 Hydrocotyles *pyi-rii muk. 
 Hypericum sim-gry&h muk. 
 Hyphen td-rol [rol]. 
 Hypsipetes psaroides pd-ki-fo ; fd-ki-fo ; 
 
 H. viridis cim-cop-fo. 
 Hypocrisy *Va-cd: ''{ji-gyu. 
 Hystrix longicauda sd-tim. 
 
500 
 
 I — Immeasurable 
 
 Immediate — Inaccuracy 
 
 I 
 
 I kd-do; go. 
 
 Ibex sd-pyuk. 
 
 Ice *Kyek. 
 
 Ichor se-sd. 
 
 Ichthyosis fo mik. 
 
 Idea vin-nun- ''do-put; *du-si. 
 
 Identic do. 
 
 Idiom rin jo; jo. 
 
 Idiot bon; jin-bo; tiiii-aijoii; •pun-ayo/i 
 
 [dyon]. 
 Idiotism jin-ldt. 
 Idle a-hlu; sd-Mot [hlii]; kra kra; tuk- 
 
 hlyo [hlii] ; cer-bo. 
 Idle to be td-hld mat [lilti] ; lydm; yut; 
 
 cer. 
 Idleness, evil spirit of i. yen-dor mun. 
 Idol mu-mi; *hla-ten. 
 If gdn; gan; -pu; If so yo-gdn; yo-ban; 
 
 yo-ren. If not ma — ne yo gdn. If it 
 
 be so, then lo gdn. 
 Ignite tsot [tso]. 
 Ignorant rdn; pd-nd; tuk-plyo [plyoj; 
 
 ignorantly bldt-td bldt-td. 
 Ilex insignis sin-sd kun. 
 Ill a-jdn; a-jen; ddk-bo; Illfavoured kiin- 
 
 krdn-ld [krdn] ; 111 faith *te-nen; 111 
 
 will jum; *nd; *pun-su; Ill-tempered 
 
 pur-bii; piir-bdt [bu]. 
 Illegitimate *ba-ts6; fit [fi]. 
 Illness ddk; ddk-ldt; du-not. 
 Illusion *pdk-co; ''gyu. 
 Illustrious kur-ddn kur-sdn. 
 Image s. mu-mi; *ku; vb. *kydm-hydt 
 
 vydt. 
 Imagine cin; yot [*yo]. 
 Imaginary ti-Kun. 
 Imbecile, to become i. hyu. 
 Imbibing kun-t'o. 
 
 Imbue with pot; to he imbued m.i. 
 Imitate fd7i; td-ld mat [Id]. 
 Imitation fan-ldt; a-fan; "le-sdt; md-mi 
 
 [mi]. 
 Immaterial a-blydk; a-blyok. 
 Immeasurable cik md-Uun-niim-bo. 
 
 Immediate tdk. 
 
 Immediately tiik-tdk-ld [tdk]; sd-ld; 
 
 a-ldn; kla-ld. 
 Immensity sun-vo. 
 Immigrant si-tin-bo; pun-vdn mn-gryeh 
 
 [v6n\ gryen]. 
 Immovable tom-bo. 
 Impartial a-nan. 
 Impartiality nan-ldt; nan-lu. 
 Impassionate kd-kar-ld [kar] ; see under 
 
 sak. 
 Impatient kut-td kat-td; hdn hdn. 
 Impeded, to be '^gok. 
 Impediment *gok-bo; a-gok; "tdk. 
 Impel gdr; *ku. 
 Impend gii. 
 
 Imperfect bon, a-bon; a-tyor. 
 Imperfectly tyor-ld. 
 Imperishable mok-sd md-nyin-ne. 
 Impermanent md-bam-miinQ-sa). 
 Impetigo capitis td-hi nyom. 
 Impetuous a-lut gdt-bo. 
 Implacable a-tydp. 
 Implements (ii)-kd Ion. 
 Importance *net; *ke ci dyok gen; it is 
 
 of no i. li md li md-nyin-ne. 
 Important td-lyan zdn. 
 Importunity *Ka-nydt. 
 Impose ka. 
 
 Impossible {dyok) jUm. 
 Impotent ko-lum; to be i. kydt. 
 Impress riii kii. 
 Improper md-tup-ne. 
 Improve nyet. 
 Improvise fam-ju mat [ju]. 
 Improvement yan-yon, see ya-ki. 
 Impudent dat-td dat-td; a-mlem tdvi-bo; 
 
 Tbr. kd-ju mlem zdn. 
 Impure dun-nddun-nd ; tun-dun-ld [dun] ; 
 
 " kyon-nyimr-bo ; to render i. byop. 
 Imputation a-pi. 
 Impute pi; dyop. 
 
 In -ka; -sd; -sd-gon-ka; sd-gon-sd; -bi. 
 Inaccuracy a-lydk a-van. 
 
Inactive — India 
 
 Indicate — Injure 
 
 501 
 
 Inactive tol-bo; a-tol; nyol-bo, a-nyol^ kd 
 
 nyoL; a-hydm. 
 Inadequate to be ban [ban]. 
 Inattentive a-nyor nok-non; to be i. pet. 
 Incalculable tyd-kat. 
 Incantation *nd zun [*na]; to perform 
 i. *dok-bd kyop; la lu mat; see no tyuk 
 146a.; pd-sor 208b.; dek fik. 
 Incapable to be kydt. 
 Incense *pd; pon pd-rip; pa-lu tsu-lu; 
 
 * si-Id. 
 Incessantly md-cet-ne; md-yo-nd; pryot- 
 
 Id; fyep-ld; din-Id; (rain) ciip. 
 Incest fam-nyot [nyo]. 
 Incident tydn-ldt. 
 Incision a-teh; piin-klop [klop] ; to make 
 
 i. hryet. 
 Incite *A;m. 
 Inclination lin-ldt; fdn;'*ca;''^cd(81b.); 
 
 to have i. lo nyi. 
 Incline yot; kiik; kon. 
 Inclined lin; gi; mlyd-ld. 
 Include mat. 
 Inclusive a-ryak. 
 Incomparable jen-sd md-dok-ne. 
 Incompetent kydt. 
 Incongruous *pol-ld. 
 In con scions fdn-liin; pdn-Un; pok. 
 Incorrect md-zdk-ne. 
 Incrassate ko-ld mat; kom. 
 Increase vb. n. bdt [bd]; bdr; bro; bun; 
 
 *dd; i6t; nyor; tsdt; ddr. 
 Increase s. *dan; cop; nap; no'; kdm; 
 
 kdl. 
 Increased to be (in bad s.) Kak. 
 Increasing dr dr; nyor-ld; ddr-rd ddr-rd. 
 Incubate bom. 
 Incubus mun mi 294. 
 Incurable pon md-nyin-nUm-bo. 
 Incultivated a-z6n. 
 Indeed pan; gdn. 
 
 Indefatigable gAl-ld gul-ld; kd-gul-ld. 
 Independence *t'6n-de. 
 Independent*fdw-w2/wH-&o; a-pldn li suvi- 
 
 bo md-nyin-ne; sd-cen-bo [cen] ; ti, til-Id 
 
 * te-jin-bam-bo. 
 Indescribable Um, a-lim. 
 India lum lyan; *gya-gar. 
 
 Indicate jdk; td or tot mat. 
 
 Indication of *td, tot. 
 
 Indifferent fu. 
 
 Indifferently ti mun-ju-bo; ti da. 
 
 Indigence jdn-ldt. 
 
 Indigent a-jdn; jdn-bo. 
 
 Indigestion buii m. 
 
 Indignation *se-hre. 
 
 Indigo rydm. 
 
 Indigofera pulcliella hik pi; 
 
 Indirect gi. 
 
 Indistinct (sound) jiik-jok-kd [jdk] ; men 
 
 men, mUn-vien (view) fek-kd fek-kd. 
 Indistinctly mlyii-kd mlyuk-kd [mlyuk]. 
 Indolent kop-bo ; nydl-bo ; a-nydl; yut-bo ; 
 
 a-yut; a-hlH. 
 Induce *ldn; kdn; Idi't I'yd. 
 Indurate a-fel; a-tyon. 
 Industrious a-zHk. 
 Ineffective pa-td; pa-td. 
 Inexorable a-tydp. 
 Inexpectedly can can. 
 Inexpert a-kd kop-bo. 
 Infant tuk-ditn-bo [di]. 
 Infect *pyer; tsdt. 
 Infected to be fit; *san. 
 Infection tsdt-bo. 
 Infectious *pyer-bo; tsdt-bo. 
 Inferior a-sdl; a-min; Tbr. a-nydk z<in- 
 
 ho; i. to sd-gram; to be i. Ion tsdm. 
 Infirm gdii gdn; tUn-dydn-ld; kd-gryo-bo; 
 
 kum-gryom-bo [gryo]. 
 Inflamed (sore) lyu; om; froh ndh. 
 Inflammation fron; jin-nd jin-nd. 
 Inflated to be pren. 
 Influence fd; i. of evil spirit see *»A; 
 
 ri; to be under the i. of *dw. 
 Inform dim; nydt; fyak-ld mat; '^lap- 
 den su 
 Information ''co-gyu. 
 Infuse pot; kyol; Idk. 
 Ingeni6us to be a-liH lydkyd; bo-di mat. 
 Infaabitant "jin-ddk; of -mo; bam-bo. 
 Inhale a sdm fye/i. 
 Inherit do. 
 Initiate von. 
 Inject bdt. 
 Injure *ndt. 
 
502 
 
 Injured — Intercessor 
 
 Intercourse — Invoke 
 
 Injured pur-hdn [hdn]; to be i. 16k. 
 
 Injury *ndf-tun; *pun-su; *b6n; *kyon. 
 
 Injurious. *w«f-fo,- mu lok-kun. 
 
 Ink *n6k; *ndk-tid. 
 
 Inkstand *ndk-bum. 
 
 Inlet von lyan. 
 
 Inmate n6n-zdn. 
 
 Inn not-li. 
 
 Inner *nan; *ndn; sd-gon. 
 
 Innocent a-sdm [sdj. 
 
 Innuendo tun-bdr; fam-bdr [bor]. 
 
 Innumerable tyd-kat; pur-vo; svii-vo 
 
 [vo] ; td-at-ld [at]. 
 Inoculation, to take i. lyek. 
 Inquire vydt, i. after tsdk. 
 Inquiry fam-vydt; *d6-cet. 
 Insane a-jil [jil] ; a-jin. 
 Insect tam-bik [bik] ; see mi, a-mi, tarn- 
 mi; see mot; ydr; bu; place where 
 
 insects swarm a-tsot. 
 Insensible sak md-non-ne; nyap-ld; pd- 
 
 man [man]; pdn-lun; pyd-ld; tyol-bo. 
 Insensibility pyd. 
 Insert kol; krel-ld tap; tdk ; pok; bat; 
 
 brol: vyek; sul; *sel. 
 Inside gon; sd-gon kon. 
 Insinuate, bat; blu; blu-luii li. 
 Insipid (food) fd-blyot [blyot]; kiin- 
 
 klyom-ld; a-klyom (vegetable) fa fa; 
 
 (marwa) kra; to be insipid hrat. 
 Inspect ndk. 
 Inspector ndk-ldt-bo. 
 Instalment a-prol. 
 Instantly kye-ld; *ky6n. 
 Instead of -ka; a-ldm-ka. 
 Insteep *pol. 
 Instep a-tofi lyok pldn. 
 Institute nydn. 
 Instruct a-yc'im bi [yd]. 
 Instruction dam-nok; *tdm. 
 Instrument (a-)kd I6n; ca (III). 
 Integrity '"non-twn; '^nan-to. 
 Intellect a-lut; *tu-rik. 
 Intelligence *c«. 
 Intend -saw mat. 
 Intention *gon; sak-cin. 
 Intercession *su-no; bon-tnop. 
 Intercessor boA-tsop mat-bo. 
 
 Intercourse hydk lorn; a-tsum [tsu]; 
 
 to have i. hyol. 
 Interdict nam. 
 Interest (money) a-kup. 
 Interior *ndn; a-cuk. 
 Interjection tin td-lo. 
 Intermarry bri hydk. 
 Intermediate a-vyo. 
 Intermedium *tis6m; *hr6. 
 Intermit vdl; yom; *cet. 
 Intermittent vdl-ld vdl-lu; tuk-sum 
 
 [sum]. 
 Internal sd-g6n; *n6n. 
 Interpret *kopap; dal-lun li; a-fin dal; 
 
 a- tin rin li. 
 Interpretation dal-ldt; ctydr [dr]. 
 Interpreter dal-bo. 
 Interpose byek to. 
 Interrupt *cet. 
 Interruption *kdt. 
 Interstice a-mik; in the interstice 
 
 byer-ka. 
 Interval a-byek; a-p-ol; pa; sd-pat; at 
 
 intervals vdl-ld vdl-ld; a-fot a-tot; ret- 
 
 td ret-td; a-mdk. 
 Interview, to get i. with su. 
 Intimate md-zii z6n a-lut zdn; to be i. 
 
 with^Aii. 
 Intolerable md-td-ne. 
 Intone *dan (d6n)-ten-ld mat; vd. 
 Intoxicated to be sin; bup; ci sin; ci 
 
 nydn [113 a.]. 
 Intractable ra-rd. 
 Intrance a-v6n, von lyan. 
 Intrepid a-Mt tdm-bo; (a-lut) Idn zd/i 
 
 i-bo). 
 Intricate a-tydp; a-nyiin; nywh-bo. 
 Intricacy pat-ldt. 
 Inundate tsot; tsot pld. 
 Inuus macacus sd-M.. 
 Invalid zvm. 
 
 Investigate *tdk; *tak-pyet mat. 
 Investigation *d6-cet. 
 Investigator *kyo-mi. 
 Invitation a-lik. 
 Invite kuk; lik; kd-bo-sd rin li; li-sd kd- 
 
 bo kyop; vyon [v6n]. 
 Invoke a-bryan ku; a-bryan lik. 
 
Inward — Ixulus 
 
 Inward *n6n; sd-gdn. 
 
 Irascible disposition hat sak-hjak. 
 
 Irena puella na-nyi vik. 
 
 Iris sd-tak pa. 
 
 Iron pun-jen; pun-jen; larl-sd a-lut; *ca. 
 
 Irregular *cd md-nyin-num-bo ; a-sol a- 
 
 kyom; tan-nd tyen-nd [tyen] ; see mam 
 
 mam. 
 Irritable (child) Kyo. 
 Irritated to be kyok; ji; sam-vid som- 
 
 md li. 
 Irritation between toes zor. 
 Isolated a-kan; a-td; td-td-bo [tdj. 
 Is op da sun-tan bu. 
 
 Jabber — Jump 
 
 503 
 
 Issue pld; ndn; pum. 
 
 Itch jak; but jak; brut t'am-mi; ton; da- 
 
 du; frek-bu jak see pd-som. 
 Itching a-jak; tuk-jak. 
 Ithagenes *sd-mo-fo; sd-mon-fo. 
 Ivory tyan-mo vik; yellow i. jer vik; 
 
 white i. kom vik; ivory-ring worn on 
 
 thumb (a-)fyak-ko (163a.). 
 Ixodes ricinus gi bit. 
 Ixodiola gar. 
 
 Ixops nepalensis miin-cuk-fo. 
 Ixulus occipitalis td-rin-gin-fo; tem- 
 
 gyen-fo. 
 
 J 
 
 Jabber (mi) %d-yi; rin (yUp; a-bon j6l-ld 
 fot (Tbr.) ; a-bon nyot ma«(Tbr.) ; pyop. 
 Jackal '^wo-can. 
 Jacket td-gc, ta-go. 
 Jagged p6n; krot; mm. 
 Jail *tsdn-don. 
 Jalap ah ar n. pr. kun-gol-hlo. 
 Janthia cyanoura mvn-sel-fo; J. indica 
 
 td-soii. 
 Japonica fdt-ji rip. 
 Jar tHk (tiin)-brain [bramj. 
 Jaundice pd-dyor dii. [dyorj. 
 Jaw s. (lower) a-krik; (upper) boh-kdm 
 
 (11a). vb. a-krik vyan. 
 Jay see Garrulus; Cissa; Urocissa. 
 Jeer dUn. 
 
 Jerking motion sd-dat. 
 Jest fd. 
 Jester fd-bo 
 Jew's harp tUn-dyu. 
 Jewel *nor-pu ; pUn-dor liin-dyoh; a wreath 
 
 of jewals a-fyak tok tso. 
 Jewelled *hr6. 
 Jingling tsan-nd cin-nd; sd-ran sd-ren 
 
 [ran ren]. 
 Jin-hlam n. pr. ("the sterile slope") 
 
 jen Mam. 
 Join kyop [kop] ; klep; klap-ld to; jak; 
 
 *jdr; nyir; tydl mat; *fiit; fyHp; bydk; 
 
 hyy,; hyak\ sok; bye; to j. hands toge- 
 ther pruk. 
 Joined td-klap; klap-ld; to be j. klyom; 
 
 joined iron sin-ton. 
 Joining a-hyop; a-sok; tiir-sok [sok] ; a-fem. 
 Joint (of fingers, bamboo) cak; (of knee 
 
 etc.) tydp ; (of bamboo) mik; min (of any 
 
 limb) **mA. 
 Joists td-lyd. 
 Joke s. fd-bo; lyop rin; *m-g6; * Ira-do; 
 
 vb. gyon; lyop; fd. 
 Journey not gut; Mm. 
 Joviality a-fydn a-nyict [fydn]. 
 Joy *gd; *ga-so; a-go a-nyi [*g6] ; *nyam- 
 
 go; *de-w6; *sdm-gd; sak-tsum. 
 Joyful to be *gd; *sdm-g6; sak tsu; sak 
 
 vyot; sak-tsum sak-par-sd bam. 
 Judge s. *hrim-pdn; * hrim-mm-bo ; *hrivi- 
 
 sem-bo; vb. *hrim cet or sem; *nk; 
 
 *sip; *den ziin fli; dydm ndk; '"jik; *tok; 
 
 byek-bo mat. 
 Jugglery "gyu; a-jil 
 Juglans regia kdl kun. 
 Juice un. 
 Julidae brul-bv. 
 Jump tyiik; hup; to j. down a-hup a-Mp 
 
 ndn; to j. as fish fram; to j. up tydk. 
 
504 
 
 Junction — Juts 
 
 Kabur — Lade 
 
 Junction cin. 
 
 Jungle pa {puli)-z6k [zokj ; zor; dup; dum. 
 Jungle-fowl td-klin-fo. 
 Jungle- fruit fam-zok [zokJ. 
 Jungle- grass mun-hryen. 
 Jungly tsor-rd. 
 
 Juniperus *re-suk kun; *de-su; *suk-po 
 kun; *cuk-po kun. 
 
 Just adj. a-nan; kum-yo-nyim-bo. 
 
 Just adv. ca; just now, just past ca a- 
 
 Idn; fo-a-^a; just there o-fi; just here a-fl 
 Justice *hrim;^hryum; court of j. *den- 
 
 ri lyan; *hri'm dim. 
 Justicia nodosa mun-hryen nok; J. ecbo- 
 
 liuni mun-hryerl dum. 
 Juts, having juts ryit. 
 
 Kabur n. p. nan-tam cu. 
 Kalimpong n. pr. *ka-ldn pon. 
 Kanchinjunga n. pr. kon-lo cu; see pun- 
 dim cu. 
 Keep [tsam; tsam to; to k. in mind a- 
 
 lut-ka bu; to k. down zom; to k. up^a. 
 Kernel a-cuk. 
 Kettle *Ko-ti; *s6n fyu. 
 Ketupa flavipes luk-kyo-fo. 
 Key *de-mik. 
 
 Kick s. gor; tun-gor; fon-gor; tya. 
 Kid fam-kup [kup]; sd-ar kup; tuk-dim- 
 
 bo [di]. 
 Kidneys */ca-dok. 
 Kill sot; Bok\cet; Tbr. : lorn hrydn-ka kloii; 
 
 fyon dydn. 
 Kind s. a-sor; lyu; *kre; *ndm. 
 Kind adj. sak-cin kydn-bo. 
 Kindle mi cap; fan. 
 Kindness *krin; *fu je; sd-tsii. 
 K\ngpd-no; *gyal-po; *gye-pu; han; Tbr. 
 
 fam-mo [m,o] ; small k. pd-no kiip; k. 
 
 and queen sd-tsiik Id-vo [tsiikj. 
 Kingfisher see Ceryle, Alcedo, Halcyon, 
 
 Pelargopsis. 
 Kiss a-bon jdk; tuk-cuk [cuk]. 
 
 Kitchen *sd-t6p. 
 
 Kite piin {l(mrh)-tydn. 
 
 Knack buk. 
 
 Knapsack kyal-bo; gip; td-gip; tun-gip. 
 
 Knave kun-dyu mat-bo. 
 
 Knead nul; ne; byor; tsot; tsop; zop. 
 
 Knee tHk-pdt; the hollow behind k. td- 
 
 gop [gdpj. 
 Kneel pd-nol [nolj see siim pd-jH-ka nan. 
 Knife ban; *kri; da; pe-sop; bu-jal-li pd- 
 
 yuk; hur; side of k. blydn. 
 Knit tset. 
 Knock against *tek; gok; tyok; pyet; to 
 
 k. down kryok; pun-blam tet lyup [blam]; 
 
 to k. together bap. 
 Knocking down pUn-blam. 
 Knot s. a-tydp. 
 
 Knotty pd brap-ld [brapj; nat; pir-nat. 
 Know fyak; yd; *k'yen; sak fik; *ko; *td; 
 
 *to; pyo; to k. by experience *myon. 
 Knowledge a-ydm; ydm-Um [yd]; yd- 
 
 ■umn; *ye-se; se-rap; *ko-lo; *no-se; *gyv.- 
 
 ydt; *lun; *du-si. 
 Knuckles a-kd tvt. 
 Kydia calycina see td-gla. 
 
 I-jabour vb. kyon; prydk; ayok mat; (in Lacerate fik. 
 
 childbed) kren. Lacer a.t'ion jik-ldt. 
 
 Labourer dyok mat-bo; nyok-bo. Ladder td-gron [gron] ; cane-1. kyak. 
 
 Lac-insect *gya t^'o. Lade ka (water) (mw.) cuk. 
 
Ladle — Ij a s c i v i o u s 
 
 Ladle *za-ri(; td-fyepi piim-zor, (iron 1.) 
 pun-jen kyok; to ladle out kyo; kuk. 
 
 'La.d j*jo-mo;\ oi Tunk kyrmo ;a-nyo (111 a.). 
 
 Laity pd-ftm pd-na; "mi nok-bo. 
 
 Lake un do. 
 
 Lama * la-ma; Tbr.: t'am-hyir. 
 
 Lamb luk-kup. 
 
 Lame dyan-sor; ""kon-so [*kan]; *k6n-s6 
 nyim-bo. 
 
 Lameness kd (kul)-fydm. 
 
 Lament a-yo sak-cin; sak-nyin; hryop. 
 
 Lamentation a-hryop a-ndk; *yu muk; 
 *nya-nen. 
 
 Lamia sim-gryon kd-tydp. 
 
 Laminated td-lep tom-bo [lepj. 
 
 Lamp Id-on; *co-mi; mi-gldt; wick of 1. 
 *ran di. 
 
 Lampholder co kun. 
 
 Lampyridae td-pyit; Uik-pyit [pyit]. 
 
 Lance sum-l6; sun-hlyo. 
 
 Land fdt; fat; lyan. 
 
 Landscape Um-lyan. 
 
 Language a-rin. 
 
 Languid a-hhl [hlu] ; hldt-td hldt-td; 
 sil-ld sil-ld; yun-nd yon-nd [yon] ; yiin- 
 nd yun-nd. 
 
 Languish yol. 
 
 Lanius sd-krit fo. 
 
 Lap (bosom) *p6n. 
 
 Lapis lazuli *mu-men. 
 
 Laportea sd-hron. 
 
 Lapsus linguae a-li hl6k (382 6.),' a-li 
 a-bon sor (435 a.). 
 
 Lard sd-to; mon td-dyvn tuk; mon sut; 
 *nvm-tsu. 
 
 Large a-tm [ti] ; lim-bo; tim-mo; ''ce; 
 *cen-bo; *a; -mo; ti md ti kd; *n6r- 
 riin; nd-nur-ld; kd-nur-bo; *gye; nyor- 
 rd nyor-rd; a-pak; a-pan; a-bdr; (belly) 
 a-bdp; (ear of corn) fol; (insects) «- 
 rom; (fire) *rek; pron; (eyes) vyil-ld 
 vyol-ld [vyolj; (hole) van-nd vdn-nd; 
 1. -bellied pvn-bryon-ld [brdnj ; mu-mi; 
 l.-mouthed Id-lydl-ld [lyolj ; larger a- 
 niim, a-niim; to be too 1. hlUm. 
 
 Larvivora mtin-sel-fo. 
 
 Lascivious td-kdr; ntim-hlot-nyim-bo 
 [hlotj ; sot' sdr vi.uii. 
 
 jast — Leatlier 
 
 505 
 
 Last feA-io; a-tyok-ho; a-yd^-^o; last year 
 td-uydn; sd-dydn; pd-dydn [dydn] ; at 
 last a-tyok-ka; juk-kd; *tin-jdk; lon-ren. 
 
 Lasting to be fHp. 
 
 Latchet * Mom-dam. 
 
 Late to be *i)yi; blin; too late blin-ld. 
 
 Lately so so. 
 
 Laterbricola tiln-gryon [gryon] see sUn- 
 
 gryon. 
 Lattice *hra-mik; 1 -work kun pd-hrak- 
 
 bo [hrakj. 
 Laud *tdt. 
 Laugh fydn; *se-gdt non; sak pn^ok; zol; 
 
 Tbr.: td-fap tot [fap]; to 1. at fd; a- 
 
 bon jil. 
 Laughing-thrush see Trochalopteron. 
 Law *hrim; *tem-po [ten]. 
 Lawsuit tam-rin [rin]. 
 Lax to be tyor. 
 Lay fo; dya [da]; to lay down dya; nyan 
 
 fo; to lay across prol; to lay out lo; 
 
 to lay over tiik; to lay upon ka. 
 Layer a-fdr; a-dyot; a-myo; a-ser ; thin 
 
 layers fd-frok-ld [frok]. 
 Layman *jik-ten-bo. 
 Lazily nyul-ld nyol-ld [nydl] ; nop-pd 
 
 nop-pd [nop]; hMn-nd hlvn-nd. 
 Jjazj yut-bo; a-yut; kra kra; tur-bu; luk dH; 
 
 a-demmat-bo[de]; kop-bo; tv,n-kyop[kyop]; 
 
 a-hyol; a-kd a-hrdt md-nyin-niiTn-bo. 
 Lead s. *m-nye. 
 Lead vb. Ion. 
 Leader lon-bo; a-f yak-bo. 
 Leaf lop; a-nyom; Tbr.: td-kryuk mik, 
 
 deal 1. a-hlat; — 1 of book a-lep. 
 L e ak jeh-nd jen lat; li so lat. 
 Lean adj. a-cim [cim]. 
 Lean vb. dydr; to 1. against nal; to 1. 
 
 forwards kUk; to 1. towards Un; to 1. 
 
 upon top., top. 
 Leaning a-dyor; a-tyop [top]. 
 Leap (as fish) (un-nun) tyiik hroh; to 1. 
 
 over klyot. 
 Learn *hlap. 
 Learning *co. 
 Least a-ciim [cii]. 
 Leather kom-bo; kom-fun; *ko: tanned 1. 
 
 kiin-du. 
 
 3:;"- 
 
506 
 
 Leave — Liar 
 
 Liberal — Lintel 
 
 Leave vb. din; dot; brydt; vb. t. tedm; 
 tol. o&lydt[ldt]; cdm; *cet; com aydt; 
 
 to; son. 
 Leaven Tbr.; t'am-bo [bo]. 
 Lebong n. pr. a-U ban. 
 Ledge a-tot [to]. 
 Leea pun-hrom kun. 
 Leech see kd-hom-fot; ton-fot; fot-bu; 
 
 hlet-bu; siim-pat. 
 Left vim. 
 Leg a-dyan; dyan fyan; a-fon; hind- leg 
 
 a-lam. 
 Legend *nam-far; mon-fum. 
 Legitimate son a-kuf yan. 
 Leioptilla annectans {dari) rup-nvn-fo; 
 
 tuk dum-bo. 
 Leiothrix luteus Qilo) ruf-cil-fo. 
 Leisure *fo^; fryok-kvn; «->)•; leisurely 
 
 yen-nd yen-nd. 
 Lemon siim-bri; kd-ce. 
 Lend num byi. 
 Length a- fan; td-fan [fan]; a-dan; a- 
 
 fun; hrydn; hrydp; full 1. blyot. 
 Lengthen ydl; *san. 
 Leontodon taraxacum td-klok bi. 
 Leopard tuk-mar. 
 Lepcha ron; "mo tun ci; Tbr. po mikpo 
 
 bam-bo; L. -tribes: num-fok-mo; sam- 
 
 gdn-mo; sam-Un-mo; Id-hok-bo; tiir- 
 
 zok; see bdr-fon; L language ron-jo, 
 
 ron rin. 
 Leprosy dor)i; Tbr. num-bon-don. 
 -Less md-nyin-num-bo. 
 Less man-Id; nyil-la; lesser a-plyen. 
 Lesson *co-gyu. 
 Let kdn; nydn [nonj ; imperat. -kon, -ka; 
 
 to let free t'yor [t'drj; lyot [lot]; to let 
 
 dovyn glyot; yut [yu]- 
 Letter *yuk; *^o mik; (epistle) yilk; 
 
 ca-n; cak-ri. 
 Leucocerca fuscoventris num-dit nom fo. 
 Level ad: *nyam-ld; md-mlya-ld [rnlya]; 
 
 see tam. 
 Level vb. nd Id zuk; *nyam; *nydm; pol. 
 Lever pun-dop [dop]; pd-hlyom [hlydmj. 
 Levyd to be gyun; Jilot. 
 Liar ruk-nyam mat-bo; *Kap-c6h mat-bo; 
 
 Tbr. : pron-yvt. 
 
 Liberal rydt-bo; a-rydt; a-hd ydn-bo; 
 
 liberally li-ld. 
 Liberate tyor [for]; sat [sd]; lydt [lot] ; 
 
 lut. 
 Liberty a-sdm [sd]; ko ydn. 
 Libidinous *dd-po ti. 
 Licence *f6n-de. 
 Lick *l6k. 
 
 Lieu a la peltata *ta-le la-ma kun. 
 Lie s. *Uap-c6n; ruk-nyam. 
 Lie vb. *Eap-c6n li; vdn-ld mat; op. 
 Lie vb. n. da; *nyal. 
 Life md-rum md-tok; sok; a-som; a-zum 
 
 [zu]; tsu; md-zu; guardian spirit of 1. 
 
 md {mun) kun md (mun)-la. 
 Lift tsun, hryam; to 1. up *tek; gar. 
 Ligature a-gry&m. 
 Light s. a-6m; so-om; *wdt; reflective 1. 
 
 a-l6n. 
 Light adj. (not heavy) kydn-bo; a-kydn; 
 
 (bad fruit) a-yol; (empty grain) sdp- 
 
 pd sdp-pd; tuk-sop [sop]; (not darli) 
 
 a-6m l.-headed pydm pydm. 
 Lightening so-lyop; forked 1. mun-kyek, 
 
 struck by 1. fam mat. 
 Like adj. (similar) a-kan; (in the same 
 
 manner) zdn, zon; nam; like what su- 
 re re; and so like -dr-pdn, to be 
 
 1. lyok. 
 Like vb. gat; md-ri (jak); as you 1. a- 
 
 do tdn. 
 Likely lyok (lydK). 
 Likewise go-Id; (sd-)p6-ld [po]. 
 Lilac sin-gan. 
 Limbu *tson; *tson. 
 Lime (skt. curna) tsun fdt; sd-kon; — 
 
 sweet 1. nam pdt. 
 Limit *san-ts6m; without 1. *dit ziim md- 
 
 nyin-nun-sd. 
 Limnaetus nepalensis kun-ra pum-fyori. 
 Limp uyup. 
 
 Lindera pulcherrima nup-sor. 
 Line con; of ancestors a-glyan; of book 
 
 kut-fom-bo; yuk-zu, in the same 1. with 
 
 a-nan-ka [nan]. 
 Lineage a-glyan. 
 Link in chain a-kun. 
 Lintel *ma-re. 
 
Lion — Long 
 
 Lion *sun-gi. 
 
 Lips a-dul. 
 
 Lisp lap; li lap; kol; son. 
 
 Listen fyo; nydn; a-nyor gi. 
 
 Literature *co. 
 
 Litigate kim-bo mat [kij. 
 
 Litigious to be su cen. 
 
 Litsaea elongata/"am-fe^^MM; L. polyan- 
 
 tha sd-put kun. 
 Little cum-bo; a-cum [cu]; '^nyun; a- 
 
 tydk; kup; by 1. fyet-td fyet-td; pyet-td 
 pyet-td; a little kam; kam-pat; cup; 
 
 cup kam; a-cik-kd; pd-pat; tuk-pyet 
 
 [pyei] ; si si. 
 Live (to be alive) zu; (to dwell) bam; 
 
 nan; *ju; to 1. together nyir-Mn bam. 
 Lively md-zii, jdm-bo mat-lun. 
 Liver a-byet. 
 Livistona Jenkinsiana por-bon; L ro- 
 
 tundifolia *ta-le la-ma kun. 
 Lizard sd-nun; see td-glot. 
 Load s. bu; fam-bun; a-fyul. 
 Load vb. ti; bydt [bat]. 
 Loadstone *Icap-len do. 
 Loaf of bread lyan; Ku lyan. 
 Loan num; sa-hu; a-nyo; a-lun; to receive 
 
 a 1. a-nyo fop; vat. 
 Loathe sak-sir. 
 L b e 1 1 i a sd (sun)-nyan. 
 Locate ka; to; dya; byam; byam to [bam]. 
 Lock '*gd-c6. 
 Locket '^Ka-cun. 
 Locust niim-yu. 
 Log of wood a-fan; td-fan; san-bak; 
 
 san-tol. 
 Logos *sun. 
 Loins can man; pain in the loins hyon 
 
 hydn. 
 Loiter pyon pyon mat. 
 Lonely a-td [tdj; a-kan [kan]. 
 Long adj. a-hrydn; stil-ld sol-Id [sol]; 1. 
 
 and straight fyak-kd; san-nd san-nd; 
 
 1. and cylindrical a-gyol; 1. (face) pUm- 
 
 pl6m-ld [pl6m], pd-blyd-ld [blyd]; 1. 
 
 and thin blik; brin; tun-brin; kd-kly al- 
 ia [klyal]; pd-hydt [hydtj; (as fur) 
 
 dyon; — to be long ydn; — longer ik 
 
 pyil-ld. 
 
 Longl egged — Low 
 
 507 
 
 Longlegged kro/i kron; tun-krm-bo 
 
 [kronj. 
 Long vb. (for) A'ar; kren; ^nam-ce; jak; 
 
 pan; mdk; hdr; an. 
 Longing td-Jc6k; to have 1. giydn. 
 Look ndk; si; to 1. after gor; nyer; bro; 
 
 tsdk; to 1. to a-mlem ndk; to 1. down 
 
 upon *zu; to 1. in every direction a- 
 
 Tnik lyom. 
 Loom *t6k; *f6k-ro; dum-tom [torn]; ki- 
 
 fok; see pd-hldm [hid]; td-ro; pd-fun; 
 
 suk-hriip; sd-grUp; bit; a-sor; ki den; 
 
 diim den (179 a.); jen-fyd. 
 Loop *gok-bo. 
 
 Loophole da buk an; da-lcun. 
 Loose adj. tyor tyor; hlyo hlyo; a-hlu; 
 
 a-hryol; bi'a-sd; to be 1. (earth) nydr; 
 
 to get 1. lydt. 
 Loose, loosen iyor nydn; flydt. 
 Loosely hlop-pd hlop-pd; dyol-ld dyol-ld; 
 
 hryap-pd hryup-pd; hrun-hron-ld [hroiij. 
 Lop pydl. 
 Lophophanes beavani td-so-fo; L. 
 
 dichrous cin-cin-ka; L. impeyanus fd- 
 
 don-fo. 
 Loquacity nn-cap-ldt{l&b); kicm-si [si]. 
 Loquacious kum-si-ydm-bo [si] ; bon gyap- 
 
 bo; *Jc6 di bo [Ma]. 
 Lord a-fin; *ku so; *pdn; *jo-wo; 1. of 
 
 all (ydk-dam pldn-sd a-fin; the Lord's 
 
 day a-kydt sd-dyak; the Lord's prayer 
 
 a-fin-sd a-md. 
 Lose fat; fiek. 
 Loss *pun; a-flek; *kdt. 
 Lost fat non; to be lost bt-am; pyaii; 
 
 lost article sd-o. 
 Lot kin-tsum. 
 Lota pUm-bo. 
 Louse *sdk; body-1. h'u-lu. 
 Love vb. gat; *g6; ma-ya mat; s. go-wiin; 
 
 a-go a-nyi; *dun; *ga; a-Har; *ce-wii,n; 
 
 to be in love a-Bt hydn (354a.); mik 
 
 ri; 1 -apple bi-ro pot. 
 Love-token sa-ma-i. 
 Lover * go-bo. 
 Lovely tiik-tsoii [t-ion]. 
 Low a-cun [I'u]; "mo-bam-bo; tiik-mdp 
 
 [map]; (country) kd-har-ld [har]; kd- 
 
508 
 
 Lower — Lyoopodiiuii 
 
 Macaranga — Malignity 
 
 hol-ld [hoi] ; (tree) tum-tydm-ld [tydm] ; 
 
 of 1. origin *Kun md-nyin-ne; low down 
 
 CV.I; to be low *OTd kyor. 
 Lower a-hlep; hlep-bo; a-mtn; 1. part of 
 
 a tiling myil-lon kon; lower part of tree 
 
 ton; 1. direction tdii. 
 Low-country myil-sd lyan; dan. 
 Lowering sum-sum-ld. 
 Luck *y6n, ay on; kin-tsum. 
 Lucky kin-teum-nyim-ho. 
 Luculia sd-brak. 
 Lukewarm tiir-rd t-iir-rd; Id-lyu-ld; 
 
 lyap-pd lyup-pd [lyupj. 
 Lullaby du du. 
 Lumbago suk-vyit ddk; can dak. 
 
 Lumbar vertebrae dan tydp. 
 
 Luminous kur-du. 
 
 Lump vb. *gon; kal-ld kal-ld lorn. 
 
 Luncheon a-kal; t'am-fdt [fot]. 
 
 Lungs a-bu; a-som nan lyan. 
 
 Lust s. *dd-po; *ddt-ca [*dd]. 
 
 Lnst vb. (after) pan. 
 
 Lust fulness num-hlot [hUt]. 
 
 Lusty to be nan; mu-luk; sar. 
 
 Lustre jit. 
 
 Luxury a-fdm. 
 
 Lying a-da [da]; lying forwards td-grymn 
 
 [c/ryo]. 
 Lycopodium clavatum der-mo sun-fon. 
 
 Macaranga num-bru kii/i; sin kun. 
 
 Mace pd-hlyom [hlyom]. 
 
 Macliilus see under fum. 
 
 Machinery bor-set. 
 
 Machlolophus xanthogenys td-s6-fo. 
 
 Macropanax undulatum proA zam. 
 
 Macropygia tusalia fd-sun-fo; kd-dr-fo. 
 
 Mad a-jin; jin-bo. 
 
 Madness jin-ldt. 
 
 Maesa Indica piir-mo kun. 
 
 Maggot bii; see nyuii-bii ; pd-sd-bti; pd- 
 
 suk-ba.; pd-sdH-bii; Id-kdm-bu; Id-sam- 
 
 bd; Id-hak-ba.. 
 Magic a-jil [jilj; *fu; magic circle pdl; 
 
 *kyin-kor. 
 Magician *fu klon-bo. 
 Magnanimous a-liit a-tim 
 Magnet *lcap-len pvn-jen. 
 Magnificent jdr-rd jdr-rd. 
 Magnificence *nam-p6. 
 Magnify bd]mat; kyep; cop; *tek; a-bryan 
 
 tim Kdn (272 b.) 
 Magnolia sd-gok-kun; pen-re kun. 
 Magpie see Urocissa, Cissa. 
 Mahanadi n. pr. ma-hal-di un. 
 Mahimandap n. pr. *ma-hi man-dap. 
 Maid, Maiden mlm-lyen [lyenj ; maid- 
 
 servant *se-ta-mo: pUn-san run-dan tik- 
 
 bo [sanj; beautiful m. niim-lyen a-bor. 
 Mail (armour) ''hrop a-myal; (post) sa-few. 
 Mailing am kyop. 
 Main a- dun; pum. 
 Mainom n. pr. md-nom cu. 
 Maintain '^gyop; ju; top; bii non,. 
 Maize kijn-tson; see kd-cit; kd-lup; see 
 
 pd-hlyii mat [hlyiij ; flower of m. sd- 
 
 kro; sUn-fdn; unripe m. kUn-tson duk. 
 Majesty *gyal-wd; pd-no fyiim; pUn-dan; 
 
 your m. *gon ku jo. 
 Majority gyap-co; a-lum [lu]. 
 Make zuk; zo; fat; mat; *cet. 
 Male td-gri; ''po; a-bo [bo]; of animals 
 
 a-bij., bii; a-tsu [tsu] ; tiik-tm; a-bok; 
 
 a-tdn. 
 Male branch of family a-hrdt a-gyit. 
 Malediction boh-yo bon-di. 
 Malice "^din; *din If.ak, *nd; ' gon; to 
 
 bear m. a-liit-ka nyin zdn bii bam; 
 
 nyin no. 
 Malicious *din Eak-sd md-ro; gon-biin- 
 
 bn; ''ta-wo cok; to be m. ji brot 271 b. 
 Malignant brot. 
 Malign er "na zun tap-bo. 
 Malignity *cd. 
 
Malleato —Marmot 
 
 Marria — Meal 
 
 501 » 
 
 Malleate zwni. 
 
 Mallotus mim-hon kun. 
 
 Malvaceae td-gla. 
 
 Mamma nyen-pmn. 
 
 Man sim-nyo; num-sim-nyo ; m,d-r6; mi; 
 a-tyak a-nok-bo; a-fo u-duvi; (advanced 
 in age) a-fyur. 
 
 Manage Ion. 
 
 Mane a-tson. 
 
 Mange a-gok. 
 
 Manger pye-no, on-hre. 
 
 Mangifera kd-tor kun. 
 
 Mango am-bi; kd-forpot; mango-bird see 
 Oriolus. 
 
 Manis pentadactylus sd-pd. 
 
 Mankind num-sim-nyo nii.m-bdm-nyo 
 [sim] ; zon kup; zon nyin kiip. 
 
 Manner -/«<, -lii, (a-^lom; mat-lu;''naiii- 
 gyur; *ca-lu; in the manner re zo/i; in 
 this m. a-lom(^-ka) [a] ; in that ni. o- 
 lomQ-ka) [o] ; in what m. sd-lo [sd] ; 
 any manner sd-lol-ld; no manner sd-re- 
 Ld md-nyin-ne. 
 
 Mansion bam-lyan, "^ne. 
 
 Mantis religiosa nimi-on tuk-nyom; zo- 
 sop tuk-nyom. 
 
 Mantle sa-kap. 
 
 Mantlepiece hrop; pUn hrop. 
 
 Manufacture kd-mor; kd-m [kd, kdj. 
 
 Manure ji-liit; *pa-c6; ciyit; it. 
 
 Many gyap, a-gyap; a-jU; a-tsuk; a-yan; 
 *pun; pr6n; *mdn; nyak-kd; thus m. tet; 
 how many sd-tet [.sd]. 
 
 Maoutia kd-yen kun. 
 Marasmus md-zdm-mun zdk. 
 Mare on-mot. 
 Margin Hn. 
 
 Marigold hik-ti rip; mun-gor buk. 
 Mark *«d,- a-kd-sd to; *gya-td; *je; *dd; 
 *md; a-m; tyut; tet; a-lydm; m. f. me- 
 mory *san-to; (stick) fyor ; (on breast 
 of bear) tydk; (on forehead of horse) 
 a-tuk; to make a m. tet kyop; tet fa; 
 pyol; to mark out field plok. 
 Marked pHr-tyid-ld [tyiit]. 
 Market *tson-du. 
 Marlia begonifolia pd-lit kun, 
 'ci-iva; sd-myon. 
 
 Marria yor-du. 
 
 Marriage bri; — see under ku-mok; l!~o- 
 sa; sek-yan; a-iek, pa-zen. 
 
 Married num-vom. 
 
 Marrow sHA-ddk; a-ydfi. 
 
 Marry bn mat; bydk; myok-ka kldn; Tbr.: 
 som-pu s&m-byen zuk. 
 
 Marsdenia tinctoria ryom. 
 
 Marten sd-ku. 
 
 Martes flavigula sd-ku. 
 
 Marvel a-gydn. 
 
 Marwa ci; can; Tbr. niim-fyeh-mo nt'im- 
 dyii.; m -vessel and pipe pd-fyut sd 
 pd-hip; m. -strainer sor, ti)k (tun)-sor; 
 smell of m. a-fyen; m. put to ferment 
 a-mok, fermented byep; see also de-stl 
 kun; piin-ram; but; pd-lyaii; unripe m 
 a-nor; to pour m. fr. vessel sop see a- 
 t'yot; to distribute lyan; sour m. a-huk, 
 m. without flavour som; strong m. bon 
 brush for cleansing reinamspiin-sdr[sd7'] 
 
 Mask *bdp. 
 
 Mason Idn-zo-bo. 
 
 Master a- fin; *pdn; m.-workman *zo- 
 pdn. 
 
 Masticate fom; mom mom fovi. 
 
 Mastoidal bones a-nyo tek. 
 
 Mat tdlu; fam-dum; small m. krUk. 
 
 Match (equal) 'nyavi; (lunt) *bdm-fdk; 
 pem-bdr. 
 
 Matchless *nyam-met. 
 
 Matchlock Id-sd gri. 
 
 Materials prd; mlo; *gyu. 
 
 Matter (substance) *5ryM,- lyan; fam-rin; 
 *siin; (pus) tuk-siip [slip]; (of eye) 
 mik kyor. 
 
 Matter, what is the m. with you? suk sd- 
 lom dok-kiiit go. 
 
 Matted (hair) bUl; brul; pyen. 
 
 Matting bok fd; a line of m. a-kla. 
 
 Mattock *tdk-tsii.. 
 
 Mattress *ziim-mal. 
 
 Matrimony bri. 
 
 Maturity a-tdk; (of full m.) a-tyiir; to 
 
 reach m. tydr. 
 May te. 
 
 ]\r eagre to be vim. 
 Meal *t^; td-i; tu-jit [ji]. 
 
510 
 
 Mealy — Menses 
 
 Mention — Milk 
 
 Mealy fap-fa fap-pd; bdm-bo; a-bdm[Od]. 
 Mean *pal-pd; kd-kyor-bo [kyor]. 
 Meaning a-nat; a-tydp a-nat. 
 Means "'top; *j6p; fyd; a-kd [kdj; -set; 
 
 16m; lyan; by no means sd-re-ld md- 
 
 nyin-ne; by means of a-kd-ka [kdJ; 
 
 Mm; -ba; [mat-ba; mat-ban; a-kd bon 
 
 cet-nun. 
 Measles td-lim [lim]. 
 Measure s. a-dyum; a-dyummlo; a-cik; 
 
 *tsdt; *tsef; *8dr; full m. Ka-pyok; see 
 
 under */n', tun-fri; tuk-cim; td-pu; 
 
 tun-bo. 
 Measure vb. dyu; cik; tset ky&p, *pdk. 
 Meat a-mdn; Tbr. ma-ri; (lean of m.) 
 
 a-cok; boiled m. a-cet. 
 Mechanical power tiin-b&r; fam-bor [bor] . 
 Mechi me-ca 
 
 Mediate lion; mediation bo n-tiidp; medi- 
 ator * pi-bo; byek-bo. 
 Medicine *mdn; to apply m. tyam. 
 Medinilla sun-bran kun. 
 Meditate sak-cin; kd-ta cin. 
 Meditation ''gom. 
 Meek to be *nyen. 
 Meet *fut; to m. together tsu; tsum; ^zuvi; 
 
 to m. with tydn. 
 Meeting a-tsum [tsu] ; a-t'yu; lie ton; kur- 
 
 mom; cin. 
 Megaloema kd-nyon fo. 
 Melancholy fd-vi kim-kyan-ld ho non; 
 
 sak ho [ho] ; sak nii. non. 
 Melon tun-mel pot. 
 Melt *jii; *jii fo; sii; melted yiim non; 
 
 ydr (or dydr) non. 
 Member *dn; *6n-bo; lyu. 
 Membrane a-s&n; a-tuk. 
 Memento mlem ddn. 
 Memorandum cen pd-tin. 
 Memory *krein-bo; a-Uit; from m. a-bon 
 
 gun-nun. 
 Menace nyor jin mat. 
 Mend Idop; lyot zuk [lot] ; mended o-iw^. 
 Mendicant ''pydn lon-bo; *sd-nyim ul- 
 
 bo; ul-bo. 
 Menispermum cauadense wi/aw kd rd rik. 
 Menses td-dyv tydl; td-vi [vi]; see under 
 
 Id-vo. 
 
 Mention a-bon-sd dun; a-Su-nun dun 
 
 [su]. 
 Merchandize * tsoii ; * tson ; *gyu mat-Mn. 
 Merchant *ts'on-bo; *tson-bo. 
 Merciful kyon-dyit ydm-bo; kyon-dydk 
 
 yam-bo 
 Mercury kdm un. 
 Mercy *fu-je; ky6n-d(y')it; kyon-dydk; excl. 
 
 ko ce ko ce. 
 Mere hd; merely ti; ti-ld; til-Id; ti Kun. 
 Merged into, to be m. i. nyot. 
 Meridian tsiik nan. 
 Merit *ku cat; *ge-w6. 
 Merops viridis sUn-hrok-fo. 
 Merriment a-tydn a-nyut [tydn]. 
 Morula fd-ym-fo; see under mun- 
 
 hryem-fo. 
 Merry sd-zol-bo [zol]; sum; 'gd-ld. 
 Message *Ma-fyen; *Ua-hrin; sut, a-sut. 
 Messenger *pdn-cen; ''po-nyo; present 
 
 to a m. *kan-l6. 
 Metal, bell-metal *Kar-wa; composite 
 
 m. *li. 
 Metaphor tiin-bor [bor]. 
 Meteor suii-kyd; pd-no-sd micn-kun sd- 
 
 hor (219a),- han-la. 
 Meteorologist td-lyan tidt ndk-bo. 
 Method *f6p; -lu; mat-lu. 
 Mew my an my an lik. 
 Mica tim-jer Idn. 
 Michelia pen-re kun. 
 Microcichla un sum-cen fo. 
 Micropternus phaioceps fydr-fo. 
 Midday sd-tsuk nan; tsiik -nan; *nyim 
 
 pyet. 
 Middle adj. a-cHk; cUk-kd; *bar; "par; 
 
 s. din; a-cuk; *bar; a-Mt; m. -sized Ion; 
 
 m.- country siir-no dan. 
 Midge sd-dydt. 
 
 Midnight nap-pyet; hrydk-nan. 
 Midst, in the m. a-cuk-ka; a-pldn-ka; *la; 
 
 non-ka. 
 Midwife dyeii sop tyek-bo. 
 Might *bdn; *cet; a-flim [fli] ; cu. 
 Mighty * cet-nyim-bo ; fup-bo; *krdk-bo. 
 Mild a-nyen; a-lUt num-bo [niimj;jif. 
 Mildew td-fap [fap[. 
 Milk s. nyen; "wo-mo; Tbr. turi t^dn. 
 
Milk— Mix 
 
 Milk vb. nyen tser; contrivance f. milk- 
 ing restiTe cows dyup-ro; i-bru. 
 Mill Iwn-tok [lun-J; '^run-tok. 
 Millet mdn; see kd-cit m.; tvn-ji to.; 
 
 fur-cin m.; yon Urn m.; rd-kon pun-ci 
 
 cak TO. [cij. 
 Million *s6-ya kat. 
 Millstone lun-tok; Ivn-tok; lower m. a- 
 
 mot, upper m. a-bv. 
 Milt a-tdn. 
 
 Mimicry fan-ldt; a-fan. 
 Mimosa sun-grym kun; sd-bryo ju; kun- 
 
 lok rik. 
 Mince pun-ban-ld [ban] tyot; *tup. 
 Mind *lo; sak-; a-lut;*sdm; bot; sak-cin. 
 Mine pron. kd-sv; kd-do-sti; kd-nim. 
 Mine vb. fol. 
 Mineralwater pur. 
 Mingle *j6r; kyol; fyu; pyo; pat; vuk; 
 
 vdk; Man. 
 Minister km'-tak; prime-m. cdn-zdt 
 
 [*cak], see Id-vo. 
 Mini a prdn-sd mydr-fo. 
 Minivet see Pericrocotus. 
 Minority a-man tsu [man]. 
 Mint pd-men. 
 Minus to be man; pdk. 
 Minute *jip; *sip; siip sup [sup]; a-tydk. 
 Miracle fam-ju a-gydn l*ju]; a-gydn. 
 Mirror *me-lon; *mi-lun. 
 Mischief niin-cd [*cdj; m. -maker cd 
 
 (jydm)-bo; *kyon mat-bo; vyik-bo. 
 Miser krep-bo; cin-bo. 
 Miserable bon ; kyon-bo ; kd-kydr-bo [kar] ; 
 
 a-jdn-nd-bo [janj; md-rd sd-hd; pd-hrdn- 
 
 bo [hrdn]. 
 Miserly krep-ld; sap-Id. 
 Misery kydn-dydk; *nyin-duk, 
 Misfortune *sak; sd-fi; *kdt; *ke. 
 Mispronounce tok. 
 Miss vb. plyon. 
 Missing pun-plyon-ld. 
 Mist muk; mun; tun-jer muii; so mun. 
 Mistakes tun-kyol; a-hryd. 
 Mistake kyol; sak-cin kyol; nor; *zd; lydk. 
 Misstatement a-lydk a-van. 
 Mix *jdr; kyol; t'yu; pyo;pat; vuk; v6k;zan; 
 
 pyun; bydp; byor; hyol; mixed a-tsol; tsut. 
 
 lixture — Morning 
 
 :>ii 
 
 Mixture a-kyol; pi)r-v6k [vokj; a-zan; 
 
 fyu-ldt. 
 Moan fld. 
 Moat un tuk-pol. 
 Mode lyu; -b); mat-lii ; *fdp. 
 Model *pg. 
 
 Moderate *rdn; *tm-ddn. 
 Moderately *r6n-ld; pd-brot-ld [brot] ; 
 
 *tm tet. 
 Moderation *t><et. 
 Modest uk-ydl [ydlj; a-hon yak-bam-bo 
 
 (262 a),- ''sdm-net ydm-bo; to be m. 
 
 *kyen. 
 Modesty *no-ts'o; pok-yaL 
 Modulate ayek [ekj. 
 Moist pun-blon [blon] ; kyor-rd kyor-rd; 
 
 sd-ky6r. 
 Mole (talpa) pur uyam; (excrescence) 
 
 nyem. 
 iMolest *cd. 
 jMolestation ntn'i-cd [cd]; to suffer m. 
 
 par-cat zdk [*par]. 
 Molpastes mun-klyok-fo. 
 Moment *yvt. 
 
 Momentarily yid tet; kye-ld. 
 iVlomordica charantia Uak-tik. 
 Monastery *gdm-bo. 
 Monday un sd-dyak; *za da-wa. 
 Money jer kom; "gyu; see *pe-kraii [pe]; 
 
 tam-pu Tbr. num-bun-Up. 
 Mongrel a-hyol; *ba-ts6; sd-za-ld mydn 
 
 [zaj. 
 Monk pun-lok; Tbr.: fam-hyir. 
 Monkey sci-hu ; sd-hu pd-ldp ; Tbr. : mlem- 
 
 ryum-bo; bdp-mo; dyuk; kd-dyuk. Bee 
 
 also Kam-bo; m. -faced sur-vok-ld [vdk]. 
 Month Id-vo; *da; *da-wa; nydm. See 
 
 under nydm 1 14 a. 
 Moon Id-vo; m. -light Id-vo Ion; m. -stroke 
 
 td-lyan mun. 
 Moral *co. 
 Morass jop; a-jop; un-jop; un jom; lun- 
 
 non. 
 More ik; *mdn; a-lum [lu] ; a-cdp a-byit 
 
 [cop]. Comparat. degree see under -leu. 
 Moreover pldn-ka ; o-repldn-ka ; p{y')il-ld. 
 Morning luk; luk-kdl; son; this m. ca 
 
 luk(^-kdV). 
 
51: 
 
 Morniiig-star — Mufl 
 
 Muddlod — Myzornis 
 
 Morning-star kur-son [Idir] see also 
 
 kiir-nap. 
 Morrow, to-m. luk; luk-kdl; je luk. 
 Mortal (perishable) mak-sdn; mak-sum- 
 
 bo; (deadly) a-fim [fi] mortals niim- 
 
 Um-nyo kup [hi]; m. disease mdk dil. 
 Mortality mak-kun-re. 
 Mortar (for pounding) tuk-tsam [tsam'J; 
 
 (cement) sa-l6; suk-vyer. 
 M r u s mik-krap kun ; * wo-su ; num-bydn kun . 
 Moschus moscliiferus sd-kd 
 Moss sd-fon; sun- f on; der-mo sun-fon. 
 Most a-lum [lu]; -mo; gyap-mo; nd-han 
 
 Tiiot (189 a.),- "co; *cok. 
 Motacilla td (tun)-jum. 
 Moth see sd-kun kur-tydk. 
 Mother a-mo; *yum; *yatn; m. -in-law 
 
 fydt-nyo. 
 Mother-of-pearl *nya-ji. 
 Motion, fluttering m. a-tyiim [tyu]. 
 Motive kon. 
 Mould (form) '*pe; (fungus) pur-mo; pur- 
 
 myum. See poi\ 
 Mould up ten. 
 
 Mouldy a-por; see pdn; put; tu; vo. 
 Mount vb. ful; ''son; "cip; to m. up sal. 
 Mountain hlo; *ri; rok; m.-pass *ia; 
 
 m -side hlo td-blyoii [blydnj. 
 Mountain -demon Uo mun; cu mun bi 
 
 mun; mi gat mun. 
 Mourning *nya-nen; wi-wiin. 
 Mournful to be wi; *kyo. 
 Mouse kd-lok kiip. 
 Mouth a-bon; *Ea. 
 Mouthful bon-pot. 
 Move tyii.; nyan; nan; *po; to m. the body 
 
 yok; to m. a little hid; to m. (heart) 
 
 tydr; to m. up and down tyu; hdn. 
 Mow *n6; nar. 
 Moxa, to apply m. yop. 
 Much a-gyap; ydr; a-hlyvm; mu/i-nyon; 
 
 pd-bd [bdj; (m. money) dyon adv. "yati; 
 
 sd-tet-ld; nyak-kd; '' gye gxje; li si; sd- 
 
 si-ld; too m. 'no-met; m. at one time 
 
 bo-lan; much over much *Ik-ld. 
 Mucuna pruriens kd-ju kiip rik; M. 
 
 macrocarpa td-nye rik. 
 Mud fdt siik-rycr: 'davi.; '' dam-sdk. 
 
 Muddled pydr-bo. 
 
 Muddy bop-bo; a-kom [koj; tO-n-dun-ld, 
 dun-nd dun-rd. 
 
 Mulberry * wo-su; niim,-by6n. 
 
 Mule *kre; on-kre. 
 
 M.Vi\i\^\jkyep;cap;p6t;gyapiviia,t}\.''gyur. 
 
 Multitude gydp-ldt; fd-vor [vor] ; md-rd 
 pun. 
 
 Muni a acuticauda num-pi'yik-fo. 
 
 Murder sot-ldt. 
 
 Murdered plok non. 
 
 Murmi mur-m,i-mo. 
 
 Murmur rin-sdp li [*sdp]. 
 
 Murray a sit tsam kun. 
 
 Musa nepalensis kHr-don kun. 
 
 Musaceae re-lin. 
 
 Muscle a-so (417 6.) 
 
 Muscicapa tHk-mdr-fo. 
 
 Mushroom dor; see tiir- 134 6. — 135a. 
 Yar. Specc: kd-so dm'; jdn-ddr; fdtjdn- 
 dor; td-li dor; td-rydn dor; td-nram dor; 
 td-hlyet dor [hlyetj ; so nd-ldn dor (189a.); 
 tdn-dek hik-bH dor; tiin-ddm; tvA-fyum 
 dor; po ban dor; fo kiip dor; bik dyit 
 dor; bik mik dor: cim-pa pot; mi rek dor; 
 mun dor; Idn tHr-ci dor; hik ti dor; tiir- 
 sep dor [sepj ; dor-bi tHk-sap [sap]. 
 
 Music* rd-mo ; * rap -nyan ; bdk- ce; vdm [vd]. 
 
 Musk sd-biir td-fv.t; sd-biir fin. 
 
 Musket sd-dydr mi; m.-ball dyu pot. 
 
 Musquito mun-kon. 
 
 Mussaenda sd-pyek. 
 
 Must gat. 
 
 Mustachios bon-mdt. 
 
 Mustard kUn-ran; see nyon kur k.-r. 
 
 Mustela si/n-kyen siim-bri. 
 
 Musty to'bepor{seepur-wo;p2"ii'-myii.m); hii. 
 
 Mutation po-len. 
 
 Mute bon. 
 
 My kd-sii; kd-do-sd; kd-sHsd. 
 
 M y c e r b a s m d-fum-fo. 
 
 Myiop bonus ca-mon-fo. 
 
 Myiomela miin-sel-fo. 
 
 Myriopoda da-bryd-bii; pd-mk-bii. 
 
 Myrobalan sd-6m pot; sd-lim pot. 
 
 Myself kd-do. 
 
 Myzanthe sd-ti pro-fo. 
 
 Myzornis siik-vyet fo mi dum. 
 
Nagri Neighbour 
 
 Nemorhoedus — Niggard 513 
 
 N 
 
 Nagri ii. pr. nak-gri. 
 
 Nail *zdr; "zer; of a finger or toe pun-ci. 
 
 Naked a-gtm; td-gryuk [gryuk] ; kd-lut 
 
 [lutj; Tbr. td-glot; to be n, gryuk; dum 
 
 m da (4306.). 
 Namchi n. pr. *nvm-tsu. 
 Name a-bryan; see *da tsa. 
 Naphtha *krak-tsu. 
 Napkin td-ro. 
 Narrow *tok; a-pit; pun-bin-id [bin]; 
 
 a-tsiip; Mm schn; sar-rd sar-rd; long 
 
 and 11. pd-hydt [hydtj. 
 Nasal hrop. 
 Nation mi-no. 
 
 Native place a-gyek{sa) lyan (63«.),- '''jik. 
 Nature ayit. 
 
 Naturally sd-cen [cen] ; ti; md-ro do. 
 Nausea, to have n. sak vyik. 
 Navel bdk-ku; td-bdk-ku; bdk-lim. 
 Navelstring dyen-zo 
 Near adj. a-fyen; num-ten; a-tol; a-ziit 
 
 bam-bo; a-tsun; adv. fol-ba; fol-bi; nye; 
 
 len-ka; nam-ld; nearly all kryol-ld. 
 Neatness a-jeni; a-kin; nan-to ; pd-tyam 
 
 pd-lyU [fyam]. 
 Necessaries*ca,-without any necessaries 
 
 kd turn (1346.). 
 Necessary gat-sdn; mat-sdn; ci gat nyi- 
 
 wuH-sd: to be u. gat; gat cok. 
 Necessity gat-tUn; kan-ttsat; ''dan. 
 Neck tuk-tok; tok-ftok] ; tHk-lin, tim-lii't; 
 
 pd-top; *nya. 
 Necklace nyok tok; see mok-zu; frdvi; 
 
 po tya; lyak; sd-tap lyak. 
 Nectar hryii. 
 Need jdn-ldt. 
 Needle ryiim. 
 Needy fiik-fluk-bo [flukj. 
 Neglected *U sok. 
 Negligence td-lyap [lyap]. 
 Neigh vyer. 
 Nei ghbour fdZ-6am-6o; a-zid-nan-bo; a- 
 
 ziU-bam-bo ; pun-bo; a-pun; lyan-dem-bo ; 
 
 *nye-kro. 
 
 Nemorhoedus bubalina ad-ci; N. goral 
 
 sd-gyeh. 
 Neopus malaiensis bik-non boi'i. 
 Nepal *pa-bo; * pe-bo ; * pe-yul ; Nepalese 
 
 *pe-yul-mo; a-cun md-ro; see nyor. 
 Nephew a-nyu kiip; a-nom-kup ; niim- 
 
 kup [no,]. 
 Nephrodium tHk-tyol tim-krok. 
 Nervous to be yak; ryen. 
 Nervously hii-md hH-md; kydr kydr-rd 
 
 [karj. 
 Nervousness sak *parQpiir')-ji; sak *par 
 
 (piir')-cdk. 
 Nest a-sap; fo-sap ; a-vo; n. of wasps 
 
 pun-ddii; n. of ants tHk-fyil pur or piim. 
 Nestle go7n. 
 Net siin-li Tbr.: kd-cor; string of n. td- 
 
 kli; for catching birds kro; commence 
 
 meut in making a net a-hok. 
 Nettle kd-nol; sd-nol; kd-zu: kd-jdn; sd- 
 
 na li I/rm; sd-hran; sd-hroa. 
 Neuralgia see Id-loi-ld [161]. 
 Never sd-t'a-ld md-nyin-ne; nyim-ldmd- 
 
 nyin-ne; Vuii niin md — ne. 
 Nevertheless (2/0) gdii-ld. 
 New dl; a-dl; dydn md-nyin-niin-sd ; a- 
 
 hlap; a-tsum; tsar. 
 Newborn dl-gyek; a-hlya; (animal) kd- 
 
 dydk. 
 Newly tsar-ld; tsar tet. 
 Newness dl-ldt. 
 News a-sut; mlo siit; news -paper *co 
 
 gyu yuk. 
 Next M-ho; fel-tun-re; a-tel; in the n. 
 
 world a-pin- ka [pi]. 
 Nib of pen *nyu gu boh. 
 Nibble fo zdl tsuk. 
 Nicandra physaloides hik-bH td-lam muk. 
 Nice um; pd-dm pd-su; a-dm [d]. 
 Niece a-nyu kup; a-n&ni kiip; niim-kvp. 
 Nicknacks tydk-pdh. 
 Nickname bryaii lyok. 
 Nicotiana an-to muk. 
 Niggard kur-IH ty dp-bo; kHr-cin tydp-bo. 
 
 83 
 
514 
 
 Night — Nymph 
 
 Oak — Object 
 
 Night nap; so-nap; suk-nap; ii. and day 
 
 nap son. 
 Night-jar see Caprimulgus; Mn pd-ha. 
 Night-mare mun-mi. 
 Nightly so-nap so-nap. 
 Niltava sundara mun-gon-fo; mun-hlo- 
 
 fo; td-ryok td-ydk fo; N. gracilis mun- 
 
 sel-fo. 
 Nine kd-kyot; ninth kd-kyot-bo; nineteen 
 
 kd-kyot tap; nineteenth kd-kyot t'ap-bo; 
 
 ninety Ma fd-li sd kd-ti; kd kd-kyot; 
 
 ninetieth kd-kd-kyot-bo. 
 Ninox scutellatus tiin-ki pur-cok. 
 Nippers mon-jdp. 
 Nits sdk my en. 
 Nitre "su-tso. 
 No seemd;md nd;md ne;ma—ne;man; 
 
 -td-o; no no ye ye; no one to Id md-ne. 
 Nobility *le-tse. 
 Noble ye; td-lyan; *ci-bo; yuU; a-bryan 
 
 nyim-ho. 
 Nobleman yuk fin; a-hryat a-mot ti pa; 
 
 bar-fon-mo. 
 Nod nam. 
 Node a-gop. 
 Noise col-lu; col-ldt; a-jok; jok pro; a- 
 
 prom [pro]; grik; fam-grik; *l6k-cor; 
 
 see grap-pd grap-pd; gron-nd groh-nd; 
 
 grom grom. 
 Noise ly to be kr&n. 
 Noisy prom-ydm-bo; to be n. col. 
 Nolens Tolens hot-tun md bdt-tun. 
 Nonsens tan md-nyin-nun-sd rin; ban 
 
 hur a-hyam md-nyin-nun-sd rin. 
 Noon, at n. tsiik nan-ka. 
 Noose a-vyan; lik vyan; miin-hlyak; siim- 
 
 dal-lik; *gok-ho. 
 
 North *can; *pru kon. 
 
 Nose tHk (tiin)-n6m [nom]; *na; *sa«; 
 
 bridge of n. a-ram; low-bridged n. a-hyem. 
 Nosegay rip-cen; rip-tan (125a.). 
 Nose-pin *nyi-mp. 
 Not md; md — nd; md — ne; ma — na; man; 
 
 -td-o; prohib. md-len-ne(see *len 257a ); 
 
 md — nii7i. 
 Notch a-tot [to]; a-fdk; a-nyop; td-gop 
 
 [gopj ; pun-hrot [hrot]. 
 Notched pd-krot [krotj ; pd-krit [kri] ; n. 
 
 stick ktir-sin [sin]. 
 Note s. mAn; a-sor. 
 Nothing su Id md-nyin-ne; a n. siik- 
 
 nyom fok. 
 Notodela see 2926. 
 Notwithstanding gd/i Id; id; dyin-ruii. 
 Nourish top; ju; dak. 
 Nourishment a-jut [ju]. 
 Now a-ldn; dr tb'dii; just n. ca a-ldn; 
 
 now-a-days ik z6n gdn; sd-ron fok; 
 
 a-lo-ba. 
 Nowhere sd-ba-ld md-nyin-ne. 
 Noxious ndt-bo. 
 Nucifraga hemispila hlo kd-hryo-fo(2a.); 
 
 hlo ta-wa (12d6). 
 Number a-fron [fron] ; zum-bo; *da.'i ; 
 
 gum, gyap-ldt; pun; numbers a-pyixn; 
 
 in n.'s tUn-dan [dan]; in great n.'s pyur- 
 
 rd; mup. 
 Numerous to be gyap; bror; bron; bron. 
 Numerously intermeeting brul-ld brol-ld. 
 Nun *tsun-mo. 
 
 Nurse kiip-rdn-bo; dyen-bro-bo. 
 Nutcracker see Nucifraga. 
 Nyctiornis sd (sij,n)-hrok-fo. 
 Nymph dd-mit. 
 
 Oak-tree sd-ri kun; sum-su kun; U-ldrl Obdurate to be nok; kok; adj. *nydn. 
 
 kun; kd-so kun. Obedient *nydn-bo; krdk-bo. 
 
 Oak-chest-nut, flower of o. fdn-rip. Obeisance to makeC'to put out tongue") 
 O^J" '«-^«'- a-li bla-ld mat. 
 
 Oath ryak; to put to o. ryak ka; a-tyak- Obey *ne. 
 
 *« ^^ ^«- Object hjan; Udn. 
 
Obligatory — Often 
 
 Obligatory *b6h cet hon met; gat-Mn. 
 Oblique kd-kydr-bo [kar] ; sd-bru-ld [bru] ; 
 
 gi-ld. 
 Obliterate *pyi; to be obliterated cok. 
 Oblong-shaped kuk-klyop-ld [klyop]. 
 Obscenuous td-gri bu mat-bo; fam-bo 
 
 mat-bo [bo]; nmn-hlot mat-bo [hlotj. 
 Obscnre to be hryun; mydr. 
 Observe ndk; *sun. 
 Obsolete *tort. 
 
 Obstacle *gok-bo; *a-gok a-tydt; *kdt. 
 Obstinate io he plok; sak-cin klo-ld cin. 
 Obstruct brol; gryam; to be obstructed 
 
 *tok; fop. 
 Obstruction tuk-brol; t'yoh-ldt; *kdk-bo. 
 Obtain lyo; *rup; kd-ka fi non. 
 Obverse and reverse a-mik a-buk. 
 Occasion for gat-tun. 
 Occassionally a-po re re zdn; a-mdk; 
 
 a-tdm a-tuvi. 
 Occiput kum-hydr. 
 Occupation *pye-wo. 
 Occur tyd7i; nun; sd. 
 Occurence a-tydn. 
 Ocean "gya {m)-t>'o [''gya]; un dd; Tbr. 
 
 UH-mo giin-sd a-tsun; un kd-ti nydt fap- 
 
 sd a-tsim. 
 Odd a-kan; nyo; oddity a-sdk. 
 Odour a-ri. 
 Of -sd. 
 
 Off adv. -nun. 
 Offence hlok-ldt; *nd/'i. 
 Offender *nye-bo. 
 Offended to be ""gok. 
 Offensive pun-jum [jumj- 
 Offer fat; "top; *tiopu;pu; sa; to make 
 
 offerings to demons mlo ndk. 
 Offering riim fat; a-fat a-Iyot; *tso; 
 
 *tor; *tor-mo; *ce-bo; see kyum; ''jun- 
 
 tu'd; *sa-kd/i; suii-kyo; *pd-tsum lop 
 
 [tsumj; see also a-som byi, a-sdm lyo 
 
 [som]. 
 Office *gan, gydn; gen. 
 Officer gen-bun-bo; *ldn cen; *la sdn. 
 Official; provincial officials lyaii Idm- 
 
 bo [lam]. 
 Offspring z6n-nyin. 
 Often gyap-ld; bal-ld; bal bal ; tdi'i. 
 
 Ogress — Openly 
 
 515 
 
 Ogress *su-mo ba-mo. 
 
 Oil *num. 
 
 Oily to be hlya. 
 
 Old a-?io; a-gan; suk-kyor; a-grok; (vege- 
 tables) a-nyo; a-z6l; o. and tough a- 
 kok; kyor (see ruk 337a); o. (worn-out) 
 a-fok; a-gok; a-^'u; a-hryup; to be o. 
 710 ; "gan; bryok; to grow o. a-ru nun; 
 hryup; (yam) pdn\; zdl; old age td-not 
 [no]; pd-nyom fok; old man rdn-rit 
 [rdii] ; pd-nyom; *kra-gan; Tbr. prdk; 
 old wife num-prum. 
 
 Oldenlandia i. g. Hedyotis. 
 
 Omen tam-nyo, fam-nyot j nyo] ; *td; *td 
 nyo; fam-tum [tu] ; *nd-td [*nd]; don. 
 
 Ominous to be 7iyo; til; fam mat [mat 
 2826— 283 aj; Idn sam. 
 
 Omit vdl. 
 
 On -ka; a-pldn-ka. 
 
 Once (one time) kat-f(y)in; po kat; pa- 
 ko kat; kat dydm; detn-po kat; fUn-po 
 kat; (at a time) kat-f(y)in; dydn-nd-ba; 
 kat-sd nam-ka; at onceyo^o; tdk-ld ; prdn- 
 Id; sd-hlyot-td [hlydtj ; kd-ta dydm-ka. 
 
 One num. kat; kd-ta-kiip article -re; 
 (French "on") md-i-d; one-another kat 
 kat; oue by one Sdt-td Mt-td; the one 
 — the other kat-mii kat-mii; a-flik — 
 one's self td-do, md-7'6 do. 
 
 One-eyed a-mik H&i^-non; a-mik pin-bo 
 [pin]; to be o. hyip. 
 
 Onion o-tson. 
 
 Only adj. kiip; kd-ta kHp; *man-p6; zon 
 [zdn]; only-begotten ^a-ta zongyek-bo; 
 adv. zdn; ti; til; do. 
 
 Onward a-7'el-ld [rel]. 
 
 Ooze out piir; pur-lii?t pld. 
 
 Open adj. kun-hdn-lu [hdn]; gdn-ld; (not 
 inclosed) bra; *fdn; dyo-ld; (public) 
 a-ral; (cleared) hd-ld; lin-nd li/i-nd; 
 full 0. glo; kd-glyo-lu; a little o. sd-gdr 
 [gdr[; 0. place a-7nik vyen. 
 
 Open vb. fdt; jdl-ld fdt; dk; (ejes) dan; 
 to 0. out rati; pdp; ba-ld fdt; opening 
 biim [ba,]; a-byer. 
 
 Openly ba-ld; kd-glyo-ld [glo]; md-ma-nd 
 mat-tUn; kldk-ld; hyel-ld hyel-ld Un 7ia 
 liii-nd. 
 
516 Openmouthed— Orthotomus 
 
 Osbeckia — Ox 
 
 Openmouthed fiin-van-bo [van] ; td-dydl 
 
 [dydlj ; fd-vya-ld [vya] ; kun-gan-ld 
 
 [gan]. 
 Opinion cin; sak-cin; *krut. 
 Opportune tydn; *tup. 
 Opportunity a-tydn, to find o. ndm. 
 Oppose gd; ^et. 
 Opposite kur-von dop; go-lok; narl-fi ka; 
 
 tydr-ld; the o. place a-p(y')m [pi]. 
 Opposition ywOT *ta-lok. 
 Oppress nan; nan zop; nup; a-t'ijer a- 
 
 nan-sd ciyok mat; jop; bo/i-ci mat; *c07n; 
 
 cin; iirik; a-nya mat [nya] ; tsii-tsa mat; 
 
 an-zo mat; -sd a-pldn-ka uyok zuk see 
 
 tad-ro. 
 Oppression a-nan a-zop; jop-ldt; *bdn- 
 
 ci; *dn-ci; *com-ldt; u-tsii mat; an-zo 
 
 an-di; *6n-ydt. 
 Oppressive jop-bo; 6ii-ci mat-tvn-sd; 
 
 *com-bo; tsU-tsa nyim-bo; u-tsu nyim-bo; 
 
 zan-nd. 
 Or yan-nd; gdn-nd; gdn-ld either — or 
 
 gdn-nd — gdn-nd; go-run — go-run. 
 Orange sd-Mm pdt. 
 Orchid kun pd-ten see kiir-sdn rip. 
 Ordeal ryak see niim hrun-ka vyek kon 
 
 (196a). 
 Order (succession) *kre; *gom-jok; *cd; 
 
 a-fyen; to put in o. nyet-lM fo; by em 
 
 fo; jip-ld fo. — (commanrl) *ka; *k6; 
 
 *suh-ten [ten]; in o. I'yet-ka; si iet. 
 Orderly *cd-nyim-bo. 
 Ordure *pyi. 
 Origin a-pum; *ts6; *ji. 
 Original a-dyit. 
 
 Originate ciyit mat; bydm uyit mat [bdm] . 
 Oriolus pd-lom bok-fo. 
 Orions belt pd-fun. 
 
 Ornament s. ddl; *ce; *gydn; piin-san 
 pim-dan; ornamental mark of books 
 dar-tsdm vb. *gydn kydp; ornamented 
 Aim-ra. 
 Ornate a-ryam zuk [ryam]. 
 Orocetes erythrogasta niin-gri-fo. 
 Orphan a-ryot; ryot kiip. 
 Orthography *da yiik. 
 Orthotomus coronatus siin-kd-nyil-fo ; 
 cih-pa-nel fo. 
 
 Osbeckia pd (^pi/r')-ti; 0. crinita tiik 
 
 {tiin)-bram. 
 Oscillation nydk-kiin. 
 Ostodes paniculata pd-lak kun. 
 Other kHm-dun kHm-bak; *jen; *je-min; 
 
 *rdn-s6; a-pin [pi] ; md-rd; a-sdm. 
 Otherwise ma — ne yo gdn. 
 Otocompsa leucogenys miin-klyok-fo. 
 Otogyps calvus see under gat. 
 Otter sd-ryom. 
 Ought see gdii; gat. 
 Our kd-yu-sd. 
 Out from cv-k-niin. 
 Outlet (a)-pldm lyan [pld]. 
 Outside s. pd-on; pd-lik [likj. See a- 
 
 U under hi 4. 
 Outside adv. pd-oh-ka; lyan. 
 Ouzel see Morula. 
 
 Ovalshaped pd-gryul-bo [gryul]; gyul. 
 Oven sH-Mm-bo; fam-sO. [sii. ]]. 
 Over postp. (a-)pldn-ka; over and over 
 
 again bal-ld; bal bal. 
 Overbalance gdn. 
 Overclouded pd-man [man]; mui'i tyan 
 
 my an. 
 Overcome nan; "gyal; *gye; nyo-sw; 
 
 glyot [glo]; fek. 
 Overcooked %(> mjn. 
 Overdress *tah-tse. 
 Overflow pol; top sor; lyit. 
 Overhead a-fyak nvp tet. 
 Overplus a-hlok. 
 Overpower com; from. 
 Overspread *gap; pvp; tiik. 
 Overstay blin. 
 Overtake nam. 
 
 Overthrow gyam dydn; ylydn nyon. 
 Ovis nahur sd-ydl; 0. ammon na-w6. 
 Owl see Syrnium, Glaucidium, Carine, 
 
 Ketupa, Ninox; sd-kydr-fo; *wuk-po. 
 Owlet, pigmy-o. kdn-pd-map. 
 Own adj. td-do-sd; cen-sd; a-til [ti]; 
 
 (child) a-cdk a-vi-sd. 
 Own vb. *zo; (a-)til mat fti]. 
 Owner ''a-dok; *d6k-po. 
 Ownerless *d6k-met. 
 Ox bik lofi bop. 
 
Pace — Parasite 
 
 Parcel— Pasti 
 
 me 
 
 517 
 
 Pace fon fo. 
 
 Pacify yak. 
 
 Pack *ti; by at [belt] ; pydl. 
 
 Package can -fom-bo. 
 
 Paedaria fetida tfik-pyit rik [j>yit]. 
 
 Page of a book a-mlem. 
 
 Pail jon-mo. 
 
 Pain (bodily) a-ddk; a-duk- *cdt; burning 
 
 p. ri; cutting p. bri bri (mentally) sak 
 
 sd-c/ram ; sak sd-sar. 
 Painful pd-byep-ld [byep]. 
 Paint *tfdn; see under *fro. 
 Painter *tlidn kyop-bo. 
 Pair 2am; bye tik. 
 Pairing 7ium-vdm [vdm]. 
 Palace *p'o-rdn. 
 Palate kur-hop. 
 Pale tuk-fuk [fukj; td-fdt-bo [tut]; pd- 
 
 byup-ld [byup] ; son; pale red niim-but. 
 Pall (Hindi pal) by6. 
 Palm lyok; kd-lyok; klyok. 
 Palpitating jin-ld; tydk-kd; prin priii. 
 Palpitation to feel tydk-kd tydk-kd li. 
 Pan (gun-lock) a-nyor. 
 P and ion haliaetus kiim {pun)-fy6ii . 
 Pangolin sd-pd. 
 Panieum miliaceum mun-cer; see tsou- 
 
 gro zo. 
 Pant hd; a-som hd; hdk dot. 
 Pantalons *tomo. 
 Panting sd-bdr sd-bdr. 
 Pantomime md-lyok-kun-sd. tel-nio. 
 Paper *vo-gu; see under ile, de kuii; dyep. 
 Papilio atalanta pi-ru fam-blyok. 
 Parable *'ipe. 
 
 Paradise ^go den; rum-lyan; pum. 
 Paradoxornis gularis con td-fyep-fo. 
 Paragraph a-prol. 
 Paralysis md-rd zdk. 
 Parallel tuk-fyon [fyon]. 
 Paramount a-cuu. 
 Parasite yam zo-Mm-bo; fam-yam zom- 
 
 bo; a-zom jop-bo; p.-plant tavi-i, see 
 
 kun pd-ten; sd-ti pro. 
 
 Parcel cdn-t'dvi-bo ; bat. 
 
 Parch u; parched a-un, u-fom-bo; parched 
 
 up kd-kydr-bo [karj. 
 Parents bo mo; mo bo; *pa ma. 
 Parole *gar-min. 
 Parroquet fd-du fo. 
 Parrot fd-n fo; fd-ryiik fo; kri/i fo; 
 
 kron fo. 
 Parsimonious to be cd//. 
 Part cen; p'ak; a-pan; a-tiii. 
 Partiality *nye-rin; lin-sdi). 
 Partially lift-Id; pd-tsat-ld [isatj. 
 Participate a-liit glo non. 
 Particle (gram) mi/i ji/m (dSb.) (small 
 
 flakes) a-jvm; a-ji; td-jit fji]; krik. 
 Partition (in house) cet; pa-sok; a-ier. 
 Partner pyo-bo; a-zum mat-bo. 
 Partridge see Arboricola. 
 Party a-fot. 
 Parus monticolus sa-/w(?^ ('^^/t-Zo; P. utri- 
 
 ceps cin-ci tak-ka. 
 Pashok n. pr. pd-zok ("jungle") [zdk]. 
 Paspalum frumentaceum kd-gro. 
 Pass s. a-vyea; luii vyer'i; roii; 16m 2'' yo it. 
 Pass vb. to p. away (/Mr; "de; non; to j). 
 
 hj pyit; hydk; to p. over a certain space 
 
 hlyom; to }>. right thro' fryok; to p. from 
 
 one to another kd-krdk bu non [krdk] ; 
 
 passed away (time) hi; *ge: to be p. 
 
 fyot; nd. 
 Passable, to render ]>. grdk. 
 Passably good dr. 
 
 Passage vyeit-lom; bird of p. nam-fi-onfo. 
 Passion gdt-tti/i; *pdk-co; *cd; evil p.s 
 
 nun-go; a-liit nyin; *biir-dii/i; niim-go 
 
 num-cd. 
 Passionate gdt-bo; sak-lyak-ydm-bo; 
 
 passionately hdt-td hdt-td; kiir-kar-rd 
 
 [kar]. 
 Passover a-hyok. 
 Passport 16m yiik. 
 Past to be hl6k. 
 Paste s. dyun. 
 Pastime tvk-blvt [bhl]. 
 
518 
 
 Pasture — Penis 
 
 People — Pervert 
 
 Pasture (a-^zot lyan. 
 
 Pat plyap. 
 
 Patches td-lydk [lydkj. 
 
 Patent *ka-sok. 
 
 Paternal *pa pan zdn. 
 
 Path Urn; 16m a-ral; Tbr. td-mo td-li; 
 
 p. of animals 16m a-sa; hluk. 
 Pathway a-fon kryak-lyan (157a.)- 
 Patience ^san-ldt. 
 Patient ziim; to be p. *san; tsok. 
 Patricians bdr-foii. 
 Patron "dok-po. 
 Patronage ^gun-ran. 
 Pattern *'pe; mik td; p. of cloth kvn-ra s6r. 
 Paupartia mangifera i. q. Spondias q. v. 
 Pavement sa-l6. 
 Pavetta tomentosa sun-d6k. 
 Pavo cristatus mvn-yun. 
 Paw up ha. 
 Pay (money) cik. 
 
 Payment a-jivi; to a messenger *kan-l6. 
 Pea cer; tuk-byit; see tiin-ci. 
 Peaceable sak-dm (4076 see also a). 
 Peace a-kydt; a-kydt a-dyan; *fun; *fvn- 
 
 jor; *n6n-fun; gydm; *hri; to be at p. 
 
 *{un; peace-maker kye-mo mat-bo. 
 Peach tuk-po pot. 
 Peacock mun-yuii. 
 Pearl mu-iik. 
 Pebble *do ko; rd-lut 
 Peck yap. 
 
 VeouliaT md-dok-nvm-bo; a-fyon; a-sdk. 
 Peculiarities net. 
 Pedigree gyit; a-rin; female p. nyo. 
 Pedlar '*ri-bo td-bo. 
 Peel lit; peeled pd-s6k. 
 Peep dyip. 
 
 Peg *zdr; *zer; *ca-g6k; *pu-bo. 
 Pelargopsis gurial fdt-tim. 
 Pellorneum mandellii siin-grem-fo. 
 Pen (writing-p.) *nyu-gu see pd-m6l 
 
 pd-son. 
 Pendulous to be ydn. 
 Penetrate fdk-ld pld; nar-ldv6n; nyot; 
 
 bdt; krel; to p. right thro' pryok-ld non; 
 
 penetrating gan-nd gan-nd. 
 Penis tik: see a-Ml; anak; gar-nek; c.eii 
 
 pd-tin, sd-li krik; sun-gan; a-M.. 
 
 People md-r6; mi-no; lok; fyon. 
 
 Pepper *po-ril; kun-tin; sd-kar. 
 
 Perambulate bal-lml 16m. 
 
 Perceive hyon. 
 
 Percentage gat. 
 
 Perception bril. 
 
 Perdix chakoor kd-hom-fo. 
 
 Perfect I'-e; glet; pur; pum; pd-so/i [son]; 
 
 * fem-bo. 
 Perfection td-klak; a-Ke. 
 Perfectly s6n-ld; seii-nd neh-nd. 
 Perfidious gi z6m-bo. 
 Perform zuk; *j6n; ny6t zuk; *fem; *ne. 
 Perhaps ydl-ld [yd]; pu; kd-pu; go-pu; 
 
 nyi pu; lok; nydn. 
 Pericrocotus mk-vyet-fo. 
 Peril *tok. 
 
 Perineum par {jpvr')-byek. 
 Period *tu-tmt; *fun-p'o; periods nvn- 
 
 da [*da]. 
 Periodically a-mdk. 
 Periphrasis vuu-ld var-rd rin. 
 Periphery tur-klak [klak] ; *kor; val. 
 Perish ya; m6k. 
 Peritoneum pur-cet [cet]. 
 P e r j u r e r tam-nyom- bo. 
 Permanent a-ten [*tenj; *pu-fyd\ puii- 
 
 bdn [ban]; *jik-ld. 
 Permit k6n; klon. 
 Permitted to be su. 
 Perpendicular dop; a-nan; a-mlem zdn- 
 
 bo ; ruH-gan. 
 Perplexed to be *fom; pok non; brain; 
 
 mi-len gy6k [gok] ; tydp. 
 Perplexity kd-tuk. 
 -Perplexingly gyok-ld [gok]. 
 Persecute ryak duk ton; ''par- cat kye. 
 Persevere kyum; *nyer; sir. 
 Perseverance a-hrdt. 
 Persevering sir -Id; fiir-rd fur-rd; 
 
 mydt-ld. 
 Person md-ro. 
 Perspiration cit; so-ol [61]. 
 Persuade ul-ydl mat. 
 Pertinacious to be m^a^; nyem-bo mat. 
 Perturbation tUn-toh [f6h]; fyulfyuJ. 
 Perverse to he pl6k. 
 Pervert I6t. 
 
Pestilence— Pilgrimage 
 
 Pestilence kak-cei. 
 
 Pestle tin-rl; tuk-fut [fi)t] ■ td-liu [H/lJ 
 
 Tbr. scl-kar kdn tijuk. 
 Petition *m; *su; lea len kyop. 
 Petrocossyphus cyaneus min met-fo; 
 
 nun-gri-fo. 
 Petroleum *krak-tsu. 
 Phalut n. pr. fok lut. 
 Phantom blydk; a-pil ; * pdk-co ; lydkmuh. 
 Phasmidae mun-kydn. 
 Pheasant see Ceriornis, Ithageues, Gal- 
 
 lophasis, Lophophanes. 
 Phlegm Mr; phlegmatic o-mjo li-sd 
 
 md-ro. 
 Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus tuk-cel. 
 Phoenix fam kun; sap kun. 
 Phosphorous emanation mun-un. 
 Phraseology *j6. 
 Phrynium capitatum kd-fydr. 
 Phyllanthus emblica sd {pd)-dm kun. 
 Phyllornis sd-klyam-fo. 
 Physician *am-ji. 
 Physiognomy nilem-sdn; a-mlem zap to; 
 
 a-mlem fyum; pe-hlok. 
 Pick kyok; krdl; *kruk; to p. out /aV; to 
 
 p. up cop; hriip; picking (birds) tdk tdk. 
 Picker a-kip. 
 
 Pickle fam-cor; sd-krit; ruk-kdr. 
 Picrasma javauica tun-jer kun. 
 Picture *ku; md-mi, mur-mi [mi]. 
 Piculet see Vivia, Sasia. 
 Pic us sd-dydr muh-prek-fo. 
 Piebald doh. 
 Piece pak; pan; a-pldk; in pieces pitn- 
 
 ndpun-nd; iu small pieces prut-td prat 
 
 td; sd-jen-ld [jen]. 
 Pierce teu; tsdt. 
 Pig mon; *pak; Tbr.: num-nur-bo ; td- 
 
 kryup bup; a-nek; a young p. a-mi; nuk- 
 
 kd nak; the call to pigs cu cu. 
 Pigeon see Sphenocercus, Carpophaga, 
 
 Palumbes, Columba; fd-wu-fo; sun-mut 
 
 pon-fo [mdt]. 
 Pile vb. " tsiik; lem; to p. up *pun; bok- 
 
 hin to; s. jon. 
 Piles td-tsot ddk [tsot]. 
 Pilfer kd tap; flydt. 
 Pilgrimage *ne-kor. 
 
 Pill— Plant 
 
 519 
 
 Pill mon plydk. 
 
 Pillar *dum-pu; lap-tso; *ka->vo. 
 
 Pillow t'yak-kam; tiik-kam; -u-nc. 
 
 Pilot-fish den-sd lik ho. 
 
 Pimple nd-nram. 
 
 Pin *zdr; ''zer; jdt. 
 
 Pincers pun-fyet [fyet] ; suk-pyit. 
 
 Pinch pit; p)yit; cak; pinched a-fydl [tolj. 
 
 Pine (tree) '■'duil-sih; ^tuh-iin. 
 
 Pine-apple bor pot. 
 
 Pink piim (piikybmn-ld [bom]. 
 
 Pin us longifolia nyit kun. 
 
 Pipe (marwa-jug) pd-Mp ; (tobacco-tubo) 
 bi-iv. 
 
 Piper lougum kun-tin; P. betel tuii- 
 fim rik. 
 
 Pips a sd-uydt; rom. 
 
 Pit pd-hon; tiui-hoil [Iwii] : *toii; ton-hoh. 
 
 Pit- fall ay am. 
 
 Pitch *krak-tsu. 
 
 Pith a-sop. 
 
 Pithecolobium tiik-pi. 
 
 Pitta fd-tim-fo. 
 
 Pity kyon-dydk. 
 
 Pivot vun-lyan [vuh] ; tyu. 
 
 Place s. lyan; *ne; bi; ba (for laying 
 things) a-fom [fo] ; a-dyam lyan [da] ; 
 in p. of -lyah-ka; {a-^ldm-ka. 
 
 Place vb. fo; nydn; to p, into tap; tek; 
 sul; bydt [bdt] ; to p. between hlon; to 
 p. together brok fo; to p. up bryom; to 
 p. upon tek; ka; nop; to p. out of sight 
 gydl-ld tap, to p on apart su. 
 
 Placenta kap-puh; dyeh tyol; dyeii cot. 
 
 Plague nyol; * cd. 
 
 Plain s. tarn; pur-tam; lyaii tam; lyai'i 
 ton; the plains lyan tin. 
 
 Plain adj. klpt; *kydn; (unadorned) kuh- 
 gldn-ld [gldh] ; san; pun-klot [kldt]. 
 
 Plainly adv. sd-sd-ld [sd]. 
 
 Plait W; t'ydr; nyok; {h&ir) fot; - plai- 
 ting a-sor. 
 
 Plan ''gorl. 
 
 Plane *j6r; bo-lyen kyop. 
 
 Planesticus ruficollis pd-lan bok-fo. 
 
 Planet sd-hdr mo; *za. 
 
 Plank an-to; *pd/i-lep; a-klyop. 
 
 Plant s. fam-len [len]; vb. t'yah; vydn. 
 
520 
 
 Plantain— Point 
 
 Plantain luk-hlo; tuk-blo; see kur-doA; 
 re-liii; luk-zok; tyan-mo fo-L6m; ol; head 
 
 of pi. a-nyun; pl.-fruit kur-gok; patiole 
 
 of pi. Id-hu. 
 Plaster vb. (as house) tyor; (to cover 
 
 over) plwp; Ian. 
 Plato.s. Id-de; *ta-bdk; td-lep [Up]. 
 Plate vb. *kdr-dy6 kyop. 
 Platform hryom. 
 Platter pd-tok [tok]. 
 Plausible krydn-mu. 
 Play s. lyon; a-lydm; tiik-bliit [bliij; 
 
 *tet-mo. 
 Playful bre-je; lyop-ydm-bo. 
 Pleading bon-U'dp. 
 Pleasant sum.; pd-dm pa-su [d]. 
 Please a-mik-ka kyop; a-lut-ka tmt; ''tup; 
 
 * tup ; sak bo if you please, see under -sd- 
 
 o[-sd 3 93 a 7- 
 Pleased to be a-liit-ka von; jo di; a-lut- 
 ka di; sak par. 
 Pleasure a-go a-nyi [go]; md-ri. . 
 Plectocomia himalayana rd-nol. 
 Pledge (security) ban to; *td-mo. 
 Plejades num-jit hik bom [*jit]. 
 Plentiful gyap; Id-ld; U U; td-at-td 
 
 [at]. 
 Plenty a-lie; a-von. 
 Pleurisy a-pro-ka cat [pro]. 
 Plicature a-sur. 
 Plodding td-fur [fur]; a-lut lydk md-ya- 
 
 nd bam-bo. 
 Plot not'i tuk-po mat ["'non]. 
 Plough *si. 
 
 Pluck out byol-ld dot; lot dot. 
 Plug a-siivi [suj. 
 
 Plumage, beauty of pi. a-yel (326a.). 
 Plume a-kop; tsut. 
 Plump (sound) kyor-rd; kydl-ld kyol-ld 
 
 [kyol]; tuk-t'dk-ld [tok] ; pd-bot-ld [bot]; 
 
 pi. into kul-dyok; a pi. person ynupum- 
 
 pram-bo; a-tdn. 
 Plunder plyot. 
 Plunge myuk. 
 Pnaepyga miir-cak boi'i. 
 Pod a-hlyap. 
 Poet prya-bo. 
 Point s. a-nyak; a-plydn; a-bon; p. 
 
 Pointed — Possibility 
 
 in writing *fooA; p. of needle ryiim 
 
 bon — vb. (a stick) la; to p. at 
 
 jdk byi. 
 Pointed ryum ryum; td-la [la] ; la-fom- 
 
 bo; hydk-kd hydk-kd ; pd-hyoii-ld [hydnj; 
 
 suk-fat; long-p. sd-zor- Id [zor]. 
 Poison a-nyin; fam-bo [bo] ; to die by p. 
 
 Tbr. md-ro rip zdk. 
 Poisoned, to be Tbr. pd-fd zdk; p. javelin 
 
 ban-gd-la. 
 Poisonous fi, fim. 
 Poke into hruk; pok. 
 Polish klit; or. 
 Polite to be sam-nat. 
 Politeness *co. 
 Pollen a-sdm. 
 
 Pollute krip mat; *nydm-ld mat. 
 Pollution *krip; ji; md-ri; pyi; yel; 
 
 *nydvi-ldt. 
 Polygonum runcinatum pron cot rik; sd- 
 
 hryop muk; le nin muk; pd-lop bi (?); 
 
 P. paniculatum kun-dyom. 
 Polyp odium giganteum pd-jik. 
 Pomatorhinus pd-ydii ka-lut; fd-ry u l- 
 
 fd-hryum-fo ; viun-hryem-fo. 
 Ponder pok. 
 Pool un tak-vuk; un gyul; un da byon 
 
 (■267b.); un kUl-dydk (23a.). 
 Poor jdn(jan)-kyon bo; a-jdn a-kyon; td- 
 
 gol [gol] ; nd md-nyin-niim-bo. 
 Populace a-den [den]. 
 Populus ciliata sd-gri kun. 
 Porcelain *tun. 
 Porcupine sa-tim. 
 Pork mdn-mdn. 
 Portent (am-tum [iu] ; *td nyo. 
 Portentuons to be iH; nyo. 
 Porter vyeii gok-bo. 
 Portion a-ka; kd-kd; a- fop; sa sa; a- far; 
 
 pak; cen; luk; for the house a-gul; to 
 p. out kd-ka ka; frd; luk rit; lyan. 
 Position lyan; a-dyam lyan [da]. 
 Positively *t'ok-cdt; nap-pd nap-pd. 
 Possess nyi (c. c. -ka); bu. 
 Possessed to be suk; pii; pot. 
 Possessing *na; -nyim-bo; -nyum-bo; 
 
 -bun-bo. 
 Possibility 16m. 
 
Possible — Premiia 
 
 Pregnant — Prince 
 
 5-21 
 
 Possible pu lyok; a-Jcum [feu]; -pd-rd ; 
 
 possibly nydn md-nydn-nd. 
 Post (pillar) li *pu-bo; tuk (tun)-b6n [bon]; 
 
 (mail) sa-tsu. 
 Posteriors tuk-cek [cek] ; large p.'s tilk- 
 
 t'yok [fyokj. 
 Posterity a-kon; ^pu-th; a-z6n. 
 Postpone gur. 
 
 Postposition (Gr.) bldn-hyop. 
 Pot fyu; *za-din. 
 
 Potbellied td-bdk tim-dan-bo [dan]. 
 Potash (yak-'^ku. 
 
 Potatoes buk; see fet; sweet p. miin-gdr. 
 Potent a-flim [flij; see under *b6n; *cet. 
 Pothos decursiva td-fu. 
 Potter's wheel fat hruk Idn (377a.). 
 Pottery *za. 
 
 Pouch td-blyon [blyonj; *ba-guk. 
 Pounce upon yuii, grop. 
 Pound buk; tsu. 
 
 Pour Idk; hyel; hdk; dal; nyor; cim; 
 (water) lun; cor; col; to p. away jok; 
 jdk dydn. 
 Poverty jdn-ldt. 
 Powder td-i td-jit [i; jit; ji]; td-ji; *jip; 
 
 *sip. 
 Power *b6n; *cet; a-flim [fli]; cu; *top; 
 ''on du; p. of a deity a-myel a-yon 
 [myel]. 
 Powerless md-cet-ne; kydt. 
 Practicable a-for. 
 Practise *jdn; cdk. 
 Praise vb. kryon; *td-pamat; ''tat; *ce- 
 
 bo mat; a-cu-le mat; a-bryan mat. 
 Pratincola ferrea sd-hret cuk fo. 
 Prawn td-ryan gi. 
 
 Pray *mun-l6m ul; sa-w6 (sur-wo; sur-vo) 
 top; *soldep; md; mdku; (precat.) ce; 
 ce-nd. 
 Precede *hrit; nd-han noil. 
 Precious a-Mn-sd; cen-sd; *n6n ce mat- 
 
 nyim-bo; *nan-fen. 
 Precipice sd-g&r; a-mlem zdn-bo-sd sd- 
 gdr; mlo nyo; run-ddp; run-jak; ro; edge 
 of p. prdk. 
 Precipitate (yam. 
 Precision "dok-zun. 
 Premna longifolia sun-na. 
 
 Pregnant to be a-kup bii; md-sd-nd kup 
 bit; bryon [bron] ; Tbr. : za-din bam 
 [*za]. 
 Preparations *kran-rik; a-bdfi. 
 Prepare cemat[*ca]; so mat; prepared 
 
 to eat lydt. 
 Preponderate gdn. 
 Preposition bldii hydp. 
 Presbytis schistaceus Mam-bo sd-hii. 
 Prescribed to be kdt. 
 Presence '^dun; *kum-dun; kur-von. 
 Present to be dun-ka nyi; at p. krd-ka; 
 a-ldn [a]; p. time kur-von. — vb. t. ^pM; 
 hlon kyop; *tdp; *t6n. — s. *kur-mo; 
 *kye; *ke; *Ii'yo-mo; a-cot a-top [cot]; 
 *tun-ce; *da (dok) kyem; pd-nol [nolj; 
 "po don; *ts'a-r6; *lak-dd; *sam-ten; se; 
 *sdn-je; *sap-tok; sam-i; *su-den. 
 Preserve tsiit; "Ion; tek. 
 Press pit, pyit; tsdt;ydp; dyep; to p. down 
 klek; grydm; nan; nup; num; zom; lep; 
 to p. together nyem; pressing into a-tem\ 
 pressed byor non; pd-brya-ld [brya]; p. 
 together suk-j6p-ld [jop]. 
 Presume nH. 
 
 Pretend kur-gyu kyop; sd-zu mat [zu]; 
 nyop; pok; zon viat; zo nyen mat; to p. 
 to *gydn. 
 Pretty a-zuk; pd-dm pd-su [d]; (face) 
 
 sum-zam [zam]; a-con. 
 Prevarication val-lun-sd rin; riik-nyam. 
 Prevent *gak; *k6k. 
 Previous dyo non-bo. 
 Price a-far; famfar; *gon\ p. for a wife 
 
 luk-myen. 
 Prick Uu\ tsdt; to p. forward ears zdn. 
 Pricking tsal-ld. 
 Prickle jii. 
 Pride gan-Un; *ce-fdp; pa-ton; tdn-ddt; 
 
 nam-jot; nam-ydr. 
 Priest yuk-mun; bon-tin; ''ge-lon\ mim- 
 bo; ya-ba; an-zo an-di viat-bo; ''zuh- 
 pdn; Thx. kd-nyem; see pMW-c?o/i; atten- 
 dant of p. pd-yok. 
 Primer *ld-z6n. 
 Primitive a-pum. 
 Prince pd-no{-sd a-)kup; *se; Tbr. pd- 
 
 zu kup. 
 
 33* 
 
522 Principal — Prominent 
 
 Promise — Prune 
 
 Principal adj. a-pum; *rap; a-cit/i; s. 
 
 *tsu; of money a-mo (296 a). 
 Print *pdr kyop. 
 Priono-don pardicolor sd-myum. 
 Prison *tsdn-don; see pur-gyen. 
 Prisoner *tsdn; tset. 
 Privately non-Jca; sur-ka. 
 Privities a-so; *sa'm; son do; "dom; td- 
 
 klun; Tbr.: fam 6m« fer-mo; pudendum 
 
 maris (ik; p. muliebre *^m; Tbr.: fam- 
 
 an [an]; sd-kd pyol; mon zo po-don; 
 
 p. pueri kiir-byek. 
 Privy *san-cot li. 
 Prize ""gye [*gyal]. 
 Probable a-lum [luj; probably lyok; pu 
 
 lyok; pd-ro. 
 Probity kmn-yo kum-ha [yo] ; nan-ldt; 
 
 *nan-tsdn. 
 Proboscis siin-gi. 
 
 Procarduelis nepalensis Ka-hyu-fo. 
 Proceed noh; pld; *dd; bu non; lot; hlo; 
 
 (sun) U; to cause to p. bu dan; to p. 
 
 from pum. 
 Procession "^dan-tok. 
 Procrastination *nyam no. 
 Procreation niin-de, a-dyit a-de fdej; 
 
 see byovi [bom 264 a.]. 
 Procris kd-nol. 
 Produce sd-kyu; li. 
 Product a-p6t. 
 Productive bol; bat-bo [bdj. 
 Profane *nydm-ld mat. 
 Profession *gan, gen, gydn. 
 Pr of it apot; a-dydm; *pan-ydn; *Ke; a-kiip. 
 Profitable a-kup pldm-bo; profitless 
 
 *pan md-to-ne. 
 Profound nyun-bo; din. 
 Progenitors tek-nal; bydm dyit mat-bo 
 
 [bom]. 
 Prohibit *k6k. 
 Project vb. t. sd-td rd-td mat; vb. n. 
 
 hap, ham; sol; ryon. 
 Projecting kum-krom-ld [krom] ; pd-bor- 
 
 Id [borj; fd-vya-ld [vya]. 
 Prolix to be suk (tsvk) hrydn. 
 Prolongation ''don don [dan]. 
 Prominent pd-plu-ld; pd-plup-Jd [plu, 
 p lup]. 
 
 Promise li fo; a-rin sor; rin-'Set kyop. 
 
 Prompt vb. sUk zo tap. 
 
 Promptly ydk-kd ydk-kd; tdk-ld; ral-ld; 
 
 hrak-kd hrik-kd [hrik] ; see hryak. 
 Promptitude *kyem-tdn [*kyen]. 
 Promulgate dydn; *pyer. 
 Prong ja. 
 Pronoun bldn Mm. 
 Pronunciation, correct p. a-jdl. 
 Prop (for a basket) a-dyan kd-ta-sd Um- 
 bo; pun-tdr [tar] ; tuk-mon [mon]. 
 Propasser fd-lin. 
 Proper to do kun. 
 Property *gi-c6; *ca (II, 87 6.); *j6p; 
 
 (mode) -/(/; -Idt. 
 Prophesy *ndn-se rin. 
 Propitiatory vows tam-fuh [fun]. 
 Propitious to be co. 
 Proportionate to p6. 
 Prosecute M, ryak. 
 
 Prosper bor; bun; bat [bd] ; *tdr; ^kor-jv. 
 Prosperous ti-ld; hrydn-ld. 
 Prostitute *ce-mo; *Ka-nak; nnm,-hl6t- 
 
 nyim-ho [hlot]. 
 Prostrated to be tyok; pok; to prostrate 
 
 one's self gdp-lun py6 tsa; prostrating 
 
 nun-rii [ru]. 
 Prosy rin klot. 
 Protect gor; grun; td-bon mat [bon]; 
 
 fyok; *ddk mat; non; tsiit; *sun; rdn. 
 Protending kun-kan-ld [kan]. 
 Protraction a-klek; *ke. 
 Proud gan-fon nyim-ho; to be p. *nom; 
 
 han mat; *nam-gyur mat; p. flesh see 
 
 pum-plyam-ld [plyam]; Jul 
 Prove dyul; *sik; *iip; see *nam-tok. 
 Proverb rin a-gyom; *pe-tdm; *Ka-t6m. 
 Provide for *nyer. 
 Provident pyit-bo. 
 Province lyan. 
 P r V i s i n s * ce /"* ca/ ,• rd-ku ; * tsan-nk ; 
 
 *Ka-ze. 
 Provoke one's desires sak hydt. 
 Prowl about myar-ld non. 
 Proximity */w-. 
 
 Prudent */■«; kd-tsdm ydm-bo [kd, kd ib.]. 
 Prudence *l'or-de; kd-tsdm; gynm-ldt. 
 Prune vb. pap. 
 
Prunus — Pyrus 
 
 Quadrangle — Quartz 523 
 
 Prunus puddum kdn-ki kun; Pr. persica 
 tuk-po kun; Pr. padus sd-hLot kun. See 
 also Earn gdt kun. 
 Psarisomus Dalhousiae mun-kifo; ru-p- 
 
 fydl-fo. 
 Pseudo- nyak, hoh. 
 
 Pseudocinnamon-tree sim-sor kun bdn. 
 Pseudostachyum polymorphum pa-/yA. 
 Psora hut. See z6r; fon zor ddk. 
 Psydiura piriferum sun-ram kun. 
 Pteromys bydm. 
 Pterospermum num-bun kun. 
 Pteruthius see rup niin-fo. 
 Public service td-van ndt [van]. 
 Publicly pd-6n-ka; bra-ka. 
 Publish pryon; bra-ka dot; *dd kyop; to 
 
 be published flyon. 
 P uff a-sdm hd; sut; bu hak; in puffs blon- 
 
 Id; kop-pd kop-pd 
 Puffed out sd-tan-ld [tan]; pd-bryu-ld 
 
 [bryuj to be p. out rydn. 
 Puffy sop-sop-bo. 
 
 Pull krut; hrya; to p. down hryun; to p. 
 forcibly prun; to p. off rdm; hyeh; nyil; 
 to p. out *tok; {yen; fon. 
 Pulp a-cdt. 
 
 Pulse (pulsation) *ts6; kd-tso; (legume) 
 kd-hla bi; a-flek; ban-pok; siiA-gi; pun- 
 ci; tun-ki. 
 PuWerisation but. 
 Pulverize td-i zuk [i]. 
 Pumpkin tuk-zon; kd-for. 
 Pungent a-sum [suj. 
 Punish hrim mat; hrim kyop; fam- 
 
 zar to. 
 Punishment fam-zar; *ka-cet; *cet-bo. 
 Puppy kd-ju kup. 
 . Purchase id. 
 
 Pure, to be hd, hdvi; gli; sd; du; '*tdk; 
 adj. a-hdni; a-hyu; jil-ld jil-ld; tuk-tson 
 [tson]. 
 Purgative *gye-bo ka-ndk [*gyalj. 
 Purify *sun; son ton; con. 
 Purity md-ydl; tun-gli. 
 Purple num-nyim [nyim] ; nuk-nyek [nek] ; 
 md-?nul [mul]. 
 
 Purpose gofi; lyan; for the p. of td 
 
 -sd yah (1 15a.). 
 Purr nyiir. 
 Purse td-blydn [blyoil]; *ba-guk; kom td- 
 
 gip bu; pd-hrwi [hrun]. 
 Pursue td-gum ryak; (to practise) cdk; 
 
 *nyer; pursuing bun-nd bun-nd. 
 Pus tiik-svp [svp]. 
 Push ndk; ndt; nun; nol; hoi; to p. out 
 
 rdl; to p into sdl. 
 Put dya [da] ; fo; tap; to p. again lot tap; 
 to p. aside nol; van; to p. away lyot 
 [lot], fat; to p. by cun; to p. down to; 
 to p. in or into tap; *cuk; tek; muk; to 
 p. in and out bid; to p. in order sdm [sd] ; 
 to p. off hydn; niik; ak to; to p. out yan, 
 (to strike out) sot; to p. on cdk; to p. on 
 fire tsak; to p. to mouth dm; my dm; to 
 p. together tyii,; to be p. t. can [cdn]; 
 to p. to flight sa; to p. round vyot; to p. 
 upon svk dyam bi; ka. 
 Putrid to be sdr(ser); him; to become dut. 
 Putrify vyan, byot. 
 Puzzled bram; pok. 
 Pycnonotus pygaeus mun-klyok-fo. 
 Pyrosis svn-kan. 
 
 Pyrrhoplectes e^auletta. hlo smn-prek-fq. 
 Pyrrhuia smn-prek-fo ; num-prek-fo. 
 Pyrularia edulis sd-fi. 
 Pyrus li. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quadrangle *sur-ji-bo. 
 
 Quail see Turnix; rvr-pi fo. 
 
 Quality lyu; *gyu; a-mdn; vicious q. 
 
 *kyo7i; qualities *^a. 
 Quantity a-gum; a-puh; quantities a-nor. 
 
 Quarrel vb jok; brap; gyo; *f6p. — s. 
 
 tsd-bo; al'an a-zd [Kan] ; ''Kam-cu. 
 Quarrelsome to be cok. 
 Quarter a-plyen. 
 Quartz sim-gron hi/'/. 
 
524 
 
 Queen — Quota 
 
 Rabbit — Reach 
 
 Queen pun-di; *gyal-mo; *c6m. 
 
 Quercus sd-ri; huk. 
 
 Question fam-vydt [vydt]. 
 
 Quick a-grdm; kd-grdm-bo; jap-pd jap- 
 
 pd; *c6n-bo; *za; *rem; *rm; a-lvt lydk; 
 
 a-hrum; vydr. 
 Quickly gram gram; *gor-f6k; "nor-tok 
 
 (73a.); gldt-ld; krd krd; ja grdm-ld; 
 
 tuk-kd tdk-kd [tdkj; t'dk-kd hryak-kd; 
 
 fu-ld fii-ld; fitr-rd fiir-rd; fyam fyam 
 
 [fam]; bup-pd byep-pd [byepj; bdl bdl; 
 
 bul-ld hdl-ld; tsdk-su; lun-hlyan [hlyan]; 
 
 ha-le; *sa-krdk; sdn-nd sdn. 
 QuicksiWer kmn un. 
 
 Quiet %ra-kydt. 
 
 Quiet adj. tur-fyan [fyan]; hydn; be q. 
 
 a-bo/'i nam-md; to be q. gydm; glydm; 
 
 mon, sak-ka ma; sit. 
 Quietly kyam-ld; sd-kyam-ld; mon-ld 
 
 [mon] ; mron-ld; Ut-td sit; sUp-ld. 
 Quietness tun-jdm [j6m 1036./. 
 Quill a-kop; pun-kdp; a-cd. 
 Quit covi. 
 Quiver sd-lu. 
 Quivering tydr-rd tydr-rd; fydr-rd 
 
 fydr-rd. 
 Quota kd-ka [ka]. 
 
 R 
 
 Rabbit *ri-gm. 
 
 Race (generation) a-gyit; a-rin; a-tyak; 
 
 — (contest in running) : to run a r. *pdn 
 
 gyuk. 
 Raddle rul; raddled wall tvn-gryop 
 
 [gryop]. 
 Radiate tsiir. 
 Radish "la-buk. 
 Raft sd-po. 
 
 Rafter sum-yii; sUp-yii. 
 Rag fi; dum td-klok [klok]. 
 Rage sak-lyak; m rage gvr-rd gar-rd [gar]. 
 Ragged pd-krat [krat] ; kriit-td krot-td 
 
 [krotj; bryon. 
 Rail pd-sim [simj. 
 Railing tvk-pol [pdl]. 
 Rain 50; Tbr. : tur-javi-mo [jamj; seeyii. 
 Rainbow tua-kun tiin-la. 
 Rainy j6m; my an [man]. 
 Raise hryam; tsun; *tsuk; to r. up kam, 
 
 kal; lum [luj; to r. up carefully kydt. 
 Rake a-huk; a-hut; krdt-bo; vb. kuk. 
 Ram liik tsu. 
 
 Ramification pUn-cur [cur]. 
 Rampant to be jil. 
 Ramtek n. pr. riim tek. 
 Random mik mydm (289a.). 
 Range ddn [*dan], kyon. 
 Rangit rvn-nyit un. 
 
 Rangliot riin-lot. 
 
 Rank *kre. 
 
 Ransom liit; sat [sdj. 
 
 Ranunculus sak-ci. 
 
 Rapacious to be jop. 
 
 Raphistemma see Thunbergia. 
 
 Rapid hril-bam-bo. 
 
 Rapidly klyon-ld; plyu-ld. 
 
 Rare re re. 
 
 Rarity nor-sd a-lut. 
 
 Rash on skin briin. 
 
 Raspberry see Rubus, sam-bul hon. 
 
 Rat kd-lok, Thr. : sUk-jdk, botl-jdk [jdk]; 
 see luk-nyu; pur-dydn; sim kd-lok. 
 
 Rate gat. 
 
 Rather dr-len. 
 
 Rattle vb. hrak-kd hrak-kd nydn; s. 
 (plaything) tiik-fyuk [fyuk]. 
 
 Rave fo. 
 
 Ravine lyari svp; lyan siir; lyan bral; 
 bin; mlo nyo. 
 
 Raw (unripe) a-zum [zuj; a-ju; (un- 
 cooked) Jiur. 
 
 Ray a-tsilr; rays of setting sun *tdr-ldn; 
 reflected on clouds mlo I6n. 
 
 Razor hip-ban. 
 
 Re- lyot [I6t]; kyor-lun [*korJ; tsok-lvn. 
 
 Reach fak; nom; Jcyd-hrdn; to r. the point 
 jdk; zdk; tok; see cor-ld to r. up fyiik. 
 
Read — Reference 
 
 Read ""hlok; *rok. 
 
 Ready "rtk; "i-a; *cm cm. 
 
 Real a-yan; a-t'dn a-yan- 
 
 Really -pa; -md da; fdn-nd; *nd-ld. 
 
 Reap dyek [ekj. 
 
 Rear cdn ju. 
 
 Reason (cmse) kon; hjan{36da.); by r. 
 
 of -ba; for this r. tdn a-re-nun; — (in- 
 tellect) "lo; a-lut. 
 Rebel *ta-lok mat; tun-t'ya pdk [t'yal. 
 Rebirth *hryu. 
 Reborn *hrun. 
 Rebound hlok. 
 Rebuke *kyon. 
 Receding nyek. 
 Receive vyon lyo; cik lyo. 
 Recite gydn; vd. 
 Recline da; dyor; to r. against tdp-ld 
 
 mat; tyop; reclining position gye; 
 
 gron-lun. 
 Recollect sak-cin non-Id mat. 
 Recognize tyak; mik to [*td lil a.] ; 
 
 I6t tyak. 
 Recompense vb. *futtsu; Idm. 
 Reconciled to be *cam; ye. 
 Records *do; dyu; '^nam-far. 
 Recover lot sd; *hrdk; pon. 
 Rectification hldt; fam-zar. 
 Rectify zar; lyot zuk; nyet. 
 Rectitude nan-ldt. 
 Recurring bal bal. 
 Red a-hyir; luk (ruk^-lok-ld ; a-lim; (eyes) 
 
 a-lit; reddish pum-bom-ld [bom]; san- 
 
 min; red colour sd-nyim; kd-nyem; r. 
 
 and white kd-ur-ld [urj; dun-nd don- 
 
 nd [don]. 
 Redbreast see Cyornis. 
 Redstart see Ruticilla, Chimarrhornis. 
 Redeem liit to; sat [sd]. 
 Reduce ban; dom; to r. to a uniform 
 
 mass dor. 
 Redundant hlok-bo; td-at-fd [at]. 
 Reduplicate bal. 
 Reed luk-min; tuk-tsdk[tsdkj; sd-hlo; tim- 
 
 brap pd-ti. 
 Reel suk-myil; reeling grydp-pd grydp- 
 
 pd; yap-pd yop-pd [yop]. 
 Reference yo. 
 
 Reflect — Remains 
 
 5'25 
 
 Reflect din; lot ciii; sak cin; "no. 
 Reflection sak-cin; '*gdvi; — in water 
 
 miin-tyun. 
 Reflective light a-l6n. 
 Reform nyet. 
 
 Reformation pd-nap [nap]. 
 Refrain wok. 
 
 Refreshed to be a-s6m pld; sak sol-Id li. 
 Refreshment a-kal; tam-f6t[f6t]; sak-top. 
 Refuge tyok-lyan; fo. 
 Refulgent knr-dii. 
 Refuse s. a-plim; v. of grain td-det [det]; 
 
 td-sop [sop]. 
 Refuse vb. a-plim mat; pli; td-gum van: 
 
 iiot; nan to; plok. 
 Regard vb. ndk; *nyun. 
 Regard s. cin. 
 
 Regarding a-pldn-ka; see under-s</. 
 Regardless to be zol; tu. 
 Region mlo nyo. 
 Register dyu; luk. 
 Regret *U-pa [si U)]. 
 Regular to be klo. 
 Regularly nar-rd nar-rd; nan-nd taii- 
 
 nd; fyep-ld; pdr-ld. 
 Regulate pd-tyam pd-lyii mat [fyam]. 
 Reinforce kyep tyol mat; kdm; kdl. 
 Reiteration kHm-tal [tal]. 
 Reject fat; pok. 
 
 Rejoice ryut [ryu]; a-lUt (sak) ryut. 
 Rejoin *t'iit tsu. 
 Relate rin stm diin; froA 
 Related to' be ni/m-nv-ka fi [nix.]. 
 Relating -ka. 
 Relation (kindred) niim-nii [nu]; pvn- 
 
 so [so]; distant r. a-fson a-gum; tsa/'i- 
 
 ko; piin-tsan-ko ; relations on mother's 
 
 side ma-piin zon; (reference) *si)n. 
 Relationship a-fol; sa-gan; cin. 
 Relative num-dyen [ciyen]. 
 Relax flydt. 
 
 Release lydt; tyor [for]. 
 Relief, feeling of r. pur-sa-ld [sa]. 
 Religion *co; *so. 
 Relinquish com. 
 
 Remain A^e; gydm; nan; bam; tsam nan. 
 Remains a-ryom; a-m: a-jdk; r. of rice 
 
 in mortar fd-ku. 
 
526 
 
 Remake — Eesemble 
 
 Resentment — Revolve 
 
 Remake bal-luu zuk; a-iiel zuh. 
 
 Remedy (yd; *so nyet. 
 
 Remember saknon; *gon; fra; *zo; a- 
 
 hon-ka bu. 
 Remembrance cen-pd-tin. 
 Remind sak zo t'o; non kon. 
 Remission *s6k-pu. 
 Remnant a-tydk. 
 Remove *po. 
 
 Remusatia vivipara tdn-dek. 
 Rend asunder priin-lun dek. 
 Rendez-vous tsum-lyan [tsuj. 
 Renounce *pdn; Ttol. 
 Renew a-nel zuk; nyel-hm zuk. 
 Rent vb. hrit; a. a-jim. 
 Repair pd-nap mat [nap]; lyot zuk [lot]; 
 
 jom kydp; *se; *sip-sd kyop. 
 Repast t'am-fot [f6t]; td-bdt [bat]. 
 Repay a-ldm cik byi; len cik byi; a-ldm 
 
 tap; a-kd Idn ku (2b.). 
 Repeat nyel; nyel-lun li; rin a-nel li; 
 
 bal; byil-lun li; klep-lun li; (al. 
 Repeatedly lot-; bal bal. 
 Repent nyet; *gydt; you will r. a-tyak-ka 
 
 zdk-so. 
 Repertory tek-tom-bo. 
 Repetition a-nel; kun-t'al kvn-nyel [tnl]; 
 
 * d6p. 
 Reply rin tsok-lim li; riv, tsok fam. 
 Report a-sut. 
 Reprehend ^'kyon; *liin. 
 Representation miir-mi [mi] 
 Reprimand a-liin rin li. 
 Reproach *lim; * cd kyop; *Ma(p)-kydn; 
 
 niim-fan num-len [fan]. 
 Reprove rin Km li; a-bon-sd {or a bry an- 
 sa) tyiji. 
 Reptile bH; fambii. 
 Repudiate *p6n; nol dydn. 
 Repugnance niim-fan num-len [fan]; 
 
 cer-riin ; a-iiot. 
 Request s. a-gat; td-su; td-su [auj. 
 Request vb. *sm; *sm; yo^dt. 
 Requital *z6n-len. 
 Rescue Ut; fyor [fdrj. 
 Research dyulldt. 
 Resemble lyok [lokj: nam mat; zoh mat; 
 
 klan-ld li. 
 
 Resentment tsun. 
 
 Reserve, without r. a-lHt-ka md-to-ne; 
 
 lum tson rin, mat-lun li. 
 Residence nan; bam-lyan; (palace) 
 
 *po-r6n. 
 Resident nyol-ld bam-bo [nyo]. 
 Resigned, to be r. to *san. 
 Resist kHr-von tsdk; gd. 
 Resolute to be krii; torn. 
 Resolutely tdm-ld; *r6k-kye. 
 Resonantly son-nd sound. 
 Resource (yd; zum-t'yd [zu]. 
 Respect s. *se-so; bd; to pay one's respect 
 
 *tsii-ld mat; *cak bii to; in r. of a-fyak- 
 
 ka; lol-ld [loj. 
 Respect vb. bd-kyop; *te-bo mat. 
 Respectful to be tok. 
 Responsible to be fop; a-tyak-ka nyi. 
 Rest s. (remainder) rydwi; (repose) *l,'.dm. 
 Rest vb. da; jd; gor; *so; to r. on top; 
 
 ka; (on stick) tun; from labour gyd. 
 Resting-place gor-lyan; da-lyan; r. 
 
 position a-tyop. 
 Restless kd-gor-ld [gdr]; jdnjdn; (eyes) 
 
 sit; to be r. lem; yok. 
 Restore a-ldm tap; len cik; p6n-ka mat. 
 Restrain ci'ip; to r. one's self *san. 
 Result *net. 
 
 Resurrection *si hk; *de lok. 
 Retain tsam. 
 
 Retaliation len; *p'ok dok; lin. 
 Reticulated rfm-ron-bo [ron]. 
 Retort len; (a jar used for a r.) *za-din. 
 Retribution a-ldm; lot. 
 Return vb. t. len cik; lot byi; *lok; vb. 
 
 n. I6t di. 
 Returning of anything a-tyun. 
 Reveal fot. 
 Revenge lin; to taker, a-ldmlyot; Idm 
 
 mat; mydn ddn. 
 Revenue *jun je; *gya-ji. 
 Reverence *nyen. 
 Reverie *tu-d6m; *mik-da. 
 Reverse (side opposite) a-buk; kul-dak 
 
 kon [dak]; a-pin [pi]; (contrary). *lok. 
 Revive zu I6t; I6t zu. 
 Revolt '*ta-lok mat. 
 Revolve klak; to r. in mind myd/i. 
 
Reward — Rise 
 
 Risk— Rotten 
 
 527 
 
 Reward *da-kyem; a-p6t. 
 Rheumatism jop-lci dak; prap du sd- 
 
 kydm dak. 
 Rhinoceros indicus sd-l6k. 
 Rhiphidura albicollis see mlm-dit nom. 
 Rhizome a-ton. 
 
 Rhododendron k'e; Ice-ino; a-tok. 
 Rib a-pro; ribs of fish a-con. 
 Rice zo; Tbr. tvr-favi-mo [famj; tur-um- 
 mo [um]. Various specc. of rice: zo 
 ayen; zo lek; zo pd-nydr; ku-hlel kop zo; 
 kd-cer zd zo; ki pyon zo; Ml zo; kum- 
 bii zo; tarn-pi, cen zo; tik va viik zo; 
 tuk-mot zo; tun-bihn pd-la zo; tiin-ril 
 zo; tek bdr viik zo; dam-bryo zo; diim- 
 byo zo; nd-mor; pd-no zo; pd-mdr zo; 
 , po bdn zo; fdt-ji zo; fo kiip zo; bik vi 
 zo; ban pok zo; by on zo; sun-ko zo; 
 parched r. sd-nyo; r. approaching ripe- 
 ness fd-ryuk fo Mm mat; to cleanse r. 
 fijam; r.-water a-yum; boiled r. Tbr.: 
 niim-or-vio; r.-holder zopd-dam; r. that 
 remains in mortar td-ku. 
 Rich *pyuk-bo; *nd-nyim-bo; kd-ka nyim- 
 
 bo; ti hrydn pyuk-bo. 
 Ricinus communis hik bu ruk-lop. 
 Ricketty nyon-Ad nyon-nd. 
 Riddle (enigma) *do. 
 Ride ful; *son. 
 Ridge blu; km; po; bral. 
 Ridged side of anything kur-kun. 
 Ridicule nun-fd [fa]. 
 Right adj. (r. hand) gyom; (not wrong) 
 
 a-fdn; r. thro' tuk-tak-kd [takj. 
 Right s (claim) pon; * pan-to. 
 Rigid to be tok. 
 Rigour gar-lun. 
 Rim a-dul. 
 
 Ring s. a-kyup; td-hryak, see vyan; 
 joined by rings a-hyak r of chain a-ka. 
 Ringed to be ndl. 
 Ringing noise pin. 
 Ringworm ld-v6n dum nok. 
 Ripe a-h'um [kru]; a-pyak; a-mdn; a-lim 
 [U]; vydr-rd vydr-rd (\>ns) a-fyol; nearly 
 r. vom-ld. 
 Ripen a-for-nun kla-ld ti [for]. 
 Rise (to get up) hron; *j6n; din; bii, luk; 
 
 lu; to r. up bol; *'pydr; cut; to r. up 
 from sickness zu hron; rising of the 
 sun tsiik car; smoke to rise mi kan kan. 
 Risk *nu. 
 Rite nya-ro. 
 
 Rivals *kran-cet mat-bo; vb. bap. 
 Rivalry *gi-no. 
 River un kyon. 
 Road lorn. 
 Roam *h'ydm. 
 
 Roar krom-Uii'i lik; bu; roaring van. 
 Roast il; it son. 
 Robber ti/k-mo fydn. 
 Robin see Tarsiger, Janthia, C'opsyohus, 
 
 Notodela; zd-nyo fo. 
 Rock s. Jdii. 
 
 Rock vb. (a child) {a-kUp) lydk mat. 
 Rod ham; pd-tun [tun]. 
 Roe a-tdn; a-tso; no ti. 
 Roll s. ril; of paper co-gu a-fid [fiil]. 
 Roll vb ril; ryil; rol; gol; (eyes) (a- 
 mik) rdl; to r. up miil; to roll down 
 tydl. 
 Roller (abird), seeCoracias,Eurystomus. 
 Romance *kydm-hydt. 
 Roof a-cap; U cap; gable of r. ktir-vin; 
 eaves *pem-do; U-som; ridge of r. *gya- 
 pi; sloping r. sUm-bydl nydt. 
 Room lyaii. 
 
 Root *tsn; a-fya; a-bdii; nun-sdn [sd/'t]; 
 (of bamboo) a-sa; stem-root a ot7,- tdn; 
 a-gli; horizontal r. a-kHp. 
 Rooted, deeply r. sim-nyon; to be deeply 
 
 r. nyon. 
 Rooted up blon ndn.. 
 Rope tHk-po; pd-ti tuk-po; *f6k; r. across 
 
 stream pd-sdn 
 Rosary *pyen-bo, see *rak-sa. 
 Rose kd-gro, r.-apple-tree sdn-nO-m kun. 
 Rose-finch see Propasser. 
 Rosy tt-fo-MW /^ray,- rosy-cheeked kHr-ddn 
 
 kHr-sdn; a-mlem biim [bii]. 
 Rot bydt. 
 
 Rotten sd-byot; sop; a-but; flat-tu flat td 
 gal; pd-byep-ld [byep]; tuk-byap [byap]; 
 pat td fdt-tu; 7nd-mvr [)nur]; a-myam; 
 mu-my6t-la[my6t]; a-hryup; a-sdr [sdr]; 
 dyon. 
 
528 
 
 Bottler a — Eutting 
 
 Sabbath — Saturated 
 
 Rottlera tinctoria see td-gla. 
 
 Rough pur-nat [nat]; fur-sot [sot]; pur- 
 
 tot-lcl [tot]; son mom; a-brop; pun-bun 
 
 [bun]; pd-brok-ld [brokj; rough skin 
 
 pe-ken. 
 Round a-blam; a-pum; ryil-ld rydl-ld; pd- 
 
 pap-ld; pd-plydk-ld; r. about var-rd var- 
 
 rd; a-vdk; go-vd; — s. td-klak. — to r. 
 
 oif sum-lit zuk. 
 Row vb. ha; td-li ha. 
 Row s. (series) don [" dan]; kyoii; a-ryan; 
 
 a-lem; (quarrel) *tsd-bo. 
 Royal pd-nosd. 
 Roydsia tun-gom rik. 
 Rub krip; klit; nok; *nyok; ne; tor. with 
 
 hand sap; to r. over sit; to r. in bid. 
 Rubbish fam-muk [muk]; a-cin. See nor. 
 Ru hi gala flaviventris mun-klyok kar 
 
 (dan-sa). 
 Rubus molukkanus sd-fok ju; R. sikki- 
 
 mensis hdn;pd-h6n; kd-hon; kd-mm hon. 
 Ruddy a-krum ][kru]; (face) sd-lyek hyep; 
 
 kur-ddn kur-son. 
 Ruellia gya z6 muk. 
 
 Rug *bd curl. 
 
 Rugged pHr-nat [nat]; piir-sot [s6t]. 
 
 Ruin tyiip; *jik. 
 
 Rule s. (regul^ition) *cd; *gom-jok; (go- 
 
 Ternment) *tem-bo [ten]. 
 Rule vb. (to draw line) zdk; (to mark 
 
 out) *tset kyop. 
 Rumble (bowels) weA; rumbling ram-md 
 
 ram-md. 
 Rumex i so. 
 Rumour rin Icy 6m; a-sut. 
 Rumpled to be cm: 
 Run dan; (as water) hlydn; to r. away 
 
 tet; tor; to r. off plyon; flyot. 
 Running a-ddn [dan]. 
 Rungeet riih-nyit. 
 Rupee Tbr. zdr-bo. 
 Rupture lot. 
 
 Rush (reed) Mk-min; pon ndk;jop-sdpdn. 
 Rust far; dyo. 
 Rustle krdk-kd krdk-kd mat. 
 Ruticilla sd-ri tik tik (?). 
 Rutting season gm^ to-tsdt. 
 
 Sabbath a-kydt sd-dyak. 
 Saccharuin spontaneum bi'un. 
 Sack td-gip; gip. 
 Sackcloth pa-tso. 
 Sacrifice fat; *tso; *cdt. 
 Sacrificial feast riim fat. 
 Saddle *gd; on go. 
 Safe a-kydt-sd; a-sdm [sd, sdj. 
 Safety a-kydt; a-sd [sd, sd]. 
 Saffron *kur-gum. 
 Sagacious cd-nyim-bo. 
 Sagacity *cd. 
 Sail *tdr. 
 
 Sake, for the s. of tan (ttin)-d6k-ka. 
 Salary *p'ok. 
 Saliva gyoi'i. 
 Salix *cvn-bo Iniii. 
 
 Sallow kd-gok-bo [gok]; pd-byup-U 
 [byup]. 
 
 Salt vom; *tsa;1\)r. un-sd a-Mt; kram-bo. 
 
 Salt-mine *tsa-Kun. 
 
 Saltpetre *sii-ti6. 
 
 Salty, to be very s. sor. 
 
 Salubrious cit. 
 
 Salutation fam-vydt; *Icam-ri [*lca]; 
 za-dyd. 
 
 Salute s. kur-tdn; vb. cak bO, to; za- 
 dyd mat. 
 
 Same kd-ta-bo; a-lok; a-lyok. 
 
 Sand ji; fdt ji. 
 
 Sapling dyon. 
 
 Sasia ochracea cim-fo; cim-pa fo. 
 
 Satiated kot. 
 
 Satisfaction sak-a-dim. 
 
 Satisfied a-lut-ka kot; sak (ak; *nom. 
 
 Satisfy kdt diit-ld mat; j6t. 
 
 Saturated with water dun-nu dun-nd. 
 See bon. 
 
Saturday — Scol op endr a 
 
 Saturday ^za pem-bo; jnm-fyet scUhjak 
 
 [fyet; mjak]. 
 Sauce a-mok. 
 Saucer "fep; ta-lap [lap]. 
 Saurauja sd-fa kun. 
 Sausage gyok. 
 Save (to lay by) iun; (to liberate) lU; 
 
 t'y&r [for]. 
 Savour *ro; a-fo. 
 Savouring- dr. 
 Saw s. '^sok-li 
 Saw vb. nak; not. 
 Saying, common s. ban cum [cu]. 
 Scabby kd-gok-ld [gok]. 
 Scaffolding hryom; klyon. 
 Scaiorhynchus ruficeps con td-fyep fo. 
 Scalded to be plyut. 
 Scale (of a fish) a-U; scales (of weight) 
 
 kyd; gya-hu; ^soh. 
 Scandalize cir. 
 Scandalous a-ayep. 
 Scant pun-plin-bo [plin]. 
 Scanty kun-krdn-ld [krdn]. 
 Scapula pd (put, punyii. 
 Scar iyut. 
 
 Scarabaea (ayit) td-fur. 
 Scarcity kun-kdn [*kdn]. 
 Scared pur-tyiit-ld [tyiit]. 
 Scarf ba-do. 
 Scatter ayon dydn; Sa dydn; mn; fyot; 
 
 pyor-lun klon. 
 Scattered dydn; *pydr; brum; zu-ld zu- 
 
 Id; zut- td zut- td ; piin-brdn-ld dydn 
 
 [bran]; sc. over pydn-nd pydn-nd. 
 Sceptre *pan-c6k. 
 Scheme sd-td rd-td. 
 Schima Wallichii sun-bron kun; suii- 
 
 sun kun. 
 Scholar * co-bo; *lo-kruk; *co ri 
 School *Aro; hlap-lyan. 
 Science *ydn-tdn. 
 Scientific * net-ydm-bo; *ydn-tdn- 
 
 nyim-bo. 
 Sciopteros albourgus kim. 
 Scissors *jap-tsu. 
 Sciurus aeekd-li; sd-hryuk; tun-jin; tu/l- 
 
 dyen. 
 Scolopendra td-gri bu. 
 
 Scoop — Seduce 
 
 529 
 
 Scoop s. tiik-fyuk [fyuk]. 
 
 Scoop out [61; [ok; vak. 
 
 Scorified to be hlyom; byup non. 
 
 Scorpion *di-po ra-za; dik Idn-jik; bit 
 
 Scour zut. 
 
 Scourge *pim kar: ^pan-lcar; Tbr.: intn- 
 
 ddh lu?i-mm-bo. 
 Scout myer. 
 Scrap a-pdn. 
 Scrape flak; [dk; hip; bdl; kuk; to 
 
 sc. out ?td/t; scraped pun-p>lon-ld 
 
 [plonj. 
 Scraper kur-hun. 
 Scratch krdn; kdr; hut; to sc. out lya; 
 
 to be scratched [i ndn. 
 Scream yu lik. 
 Screen fydn; ndl. 
 Screw kil. 
 
 Scrotum td-lam sd td-blydil [lam]. 
 Scrub *pyi. 
 Scrutinize fed vydt [*tsd]; bdk sdk; pdk- 
 
 lun dp. 
 Scullion mlo bld/l 61 tydl mat-bo. 
 Scum a-yiim [yinnj; dyiiin [urn]; a- 
 
 [ok. 
 Scurf a-bul; a-hl; g6k. 
 Scutata n6p. 
 Scytalia tun-brap pd-ti. 
 Sea td-lyd da; *gyavi-tio. 
 Sea-snake pd-rel bit. 
 Seal *gya-t6; *fe-tsii. 
 Seam a-kr6k. 
 Search d6n. 
 Season *tu-tmt; *to-tmt; *tu; turn; nam; 
 
 nam-tum; [i; tun-bik; a-tydn; r6n. 
 Seat td-kdm; td-kdl; nan td-kdm [kdm; 
 
 kdl]; nan-lyan; nan-set; *gya-hri; *Ke. 
 Second nydt-bo; a (nmn)-hlep-bo [hlep[; 
 
 vb. gydp. 
 Secret adj. sur; to be s. ma. 
 Secretly ma-ld; sd-mdl-lun [mdl]. 
 Secretary *krun-yuk. 
 Section cet; a-pr6l; *p'ye-ro. 
 Secure sak-dm [sak; d]. 
 Securinega Mk ti bi. 
 Security ban-fd. 
 Sediment see nydr. 
 Seduce liik. 
 
 34 
 
530 
 
 See — Settled 
 
 Settling-Shelf 
 
 See Si; ^zii; ndk; hyon; see see (soothing 
 
 a baby) pa pat. 
 Seed li; a-li; t'um-li; s.-tinie a-vml iu- 
 
 tidt [mal]. 
 Seesaw con-hdn. 
 Seize kit [kij; kyup; *fep; tsam; *siin; 
 
 to s. upon grop tsam. 
 Seldom tun-po; a-man a-man. 
 Select sem; go-dom rnat. 
 Self do; td-do. 
 Selfish kd-ta sak-cin-nyim-bo ; td-do tdii 
 
 (tun)-dok; to b. s. cdii. 
 Self will gan-ton. 
 Seliin n. pr. sd-lim. 
 Sell ul. 
 Semen cit; Tbr. *'nyin; *\nyin bam-lya/i; 
 
 (of beasts) fd-fut [futj. 
 Send klo/i: kldn bydt [bat]; sal; tdl; krovi; 
 
 to s. to and fro san. 
 Sense (meaning) *tdn. 
 Senseless mu md-yd-ne. 
 Sensitive a-hU-num ; to be s. i/ak. 
 Sentence *tsuk-pdt. 
 Sentigo kur-mot. 
 Sentinel sa-nya. 
 Separate vb. kan to; ^cet; tin; brydt; 
 
 fli; sd-flin-ld mat [fliii]; pat; "pye; lit; 
 
 or; to be separated tot; — adj. prit-bo. 
 Separately pd-fli-ld [fli]; fap-pd tyep- 
 
 pd [tyep]. 
 Serenity *sdm kyet. 
 Series *kre; don ["dan]; Ml-bo; a-gom 
 Serilophus rup-niin fo. 
 Serious to be a-mlem man-Id matQli^a-). 
 Serpent bO.. 
 Serrated hit; pon. 
 Servant tek han mat-bo; *n6n-zen; 
 
 *sap-ci. 
 Serve a-tek mat; hi; *krdn. 
 Service {a-)tek{a-)han; nyot. 
 Sesamum orientale nyit: 
 Set fo; lydt; to s. apart cdk; to s. free sd- 
 
 to viat; to s. in fyan; to s. on tsdk; cdk; 
 
 to s. (as sun) kydr; kyer; fet; to s. up 
 
 lunyen fo; to s. upon from. 
 Settle, to s. down (as earth) *fem; iiyet. 
 Settled a-te7i [""ten]; (as affair) maw; to 
 
 be s. (permanent) y^■/t; (adjusted) cdk. 
 
 Settling down sd-fyom-id (as earth). 
 Seven kd-kydk; seventh kd-kydk-bo; 
 
 seventeen kd-kydk tap; seventy Ma-sam- 
 
 sd kd-ti or kd kd-kydk; seventieth Ica- 
 
 sam-sd kd-ti-bo., kd kd-kydk-bo. 
 Severe a-tom; yar; fok-bo. 
 Sew *tsdm; hrap. 
 Shade tyon-ldt; so-dyiim; shades of 
 
 evening so viydr; (spirit of man) a-pil; 
 
 miik-nyam ktip; sum; blydk; mii,k-nya7n 
 
 svm-blyon. 
 Shadow mun-fyun; fydn-ldt; so dyiim,. 
 Shady td-dyur [dyiir]. 
 Shaft a-fut. 
 Shaggy mama; td-bun [bun]; tyom tyom- 
 
 bo, don don. 
 Shake vb. t. kram; krop; nydk; nya/i; 
 
 tyii.; hrydt; vydl; to sh. off krdk; vb. 
 
 n. tydr; vyok; rel; lyom; hrdk; My am; 
 
 vyen. 
 Shaking dyol; lan-ndlih-nd [li/i] ; lydm 
 
 lyd; lyim-nd lyijn-ld; soii-itd son-rid {sdri) 
 
 sh. out a-hok. 
 Shall -sd; -so; -so. 
 Shallow a-brak; ja7n-md jam-md; bryen; 
 
 lydn; sap. 
 Sham sd-zv, mat [zu]; kUr-gyii, mat. 
 Shame pok-yak. See zur. 
 Shameful uk-bo. 
 Shameless a-vilem md-nyin-niim-bo ; a- 
 
 mlem tdm-bo; kd-ju a-mlem zdn. 
 Share s. kd-ka; luk; vb. flyeh. 
 Sharp (not blunt) jdk, Idt-bo [Id]; sh.- 
 
 edged sar. 
 Sharpen no. 
 
 Shave hip; flak; sh. off kydl. 
 Shavings of bamboo tuk-sun [sun]. 
 Shawl ydn-ia.; dtim-kom; a-kap. See pa. 
 She hu; -mit; -mot; niim-; -lyen; she- 
 
 -mot; -gu 
 Sheaf a-tan; a-cdn [can]. 
 Sheath a-hyam. 
 Shed (tears) {mik-grun) glyot; s. (for 
 
 cattle) bydn. 
 Sheep liik; the wild sh. na-wo. 
 Sheet a- far. 
 
 Sheet-lightening sd-lyop; so-lydp. 
 Shelf hlan-ko. 
 
Shell — Sickness 
 
 Shell s. u-hl; a-pok; a-fok; (of egg) a- 
 fok; (Turbiuella) tuA; (of snail) tci-gak. 
 Shell vb. hi/ek; hok. 
 Shelters, tu-bon [bon]; knjdn; Nh.kruk; 
 grop; fyok. 
 
 Shepherd s. liik-bro-bo. 
 
 Shield s. lop; tun-kuh Up; vb. grui). 
 
 Shilly-shally hyo hyo; sd-hyo; gar-rci 
 gor-rd [gor]. See hydn. 
 
 Shin of leg (a-)ton tik. 
 
 Shine dm; cir; zdr. 
 
 Ship nd-var; *kru. 
 
 Shirt pd-hok dum [hok]. 
 
 Shiver jun. 
 
 Shivering sicn-jan-ld; mu jan-ld. 
 
 Shoe *hl6vi. 
 
 Shoot a-gi; a-nyak; a-jok; don; a-bol; 
 mlam; ydn-min; a-ruk; fam-ruk; a-fyid. 
 
 Shooting pains mlo dp. 
 
 Shorea robusta td-kral. 
 
 Short nal; ten-bo; tul tul; piin-tal [tal]; 
 piir-not-ld [not] ; pdk-kd pdk-kd; pravi 
 pram; pap; pun-bdn-bam-bo [ban]; titk- 
 mdp [map] (weight) pvm-bom-ld [bomj; 
 too short pdL; krap; sh. space of time 
 tsar; Jan. 
 
 Shorten ten byi; nyet. 
 
 Shoulder tuk-pun; sh. -blade pd-U. 
 
 Shout pro hut. 
 
 Shovel pd-hop [hop]; td-U; Tbr. : pd-U. 
 
 Show ''tan; nydt. 
 
 Shrike see Lanius, Heniipus. 
 
 Shrill kin-Id; kyen-nd kyeii-hd. 
 
 Shrimp td-ryan gi. 
 
 Shrink tdn; jiim; cep; nyet; mi) jan sol- 
 id hr6n[sdl] ; to sh iromgydr; yak; cer; 
 to sh. up pop. 
 
 Shrub rtk. 
 
 Shrunk fd-vap-ld [vapj; mril. 
 
 Shudder sd-ryen-ld mat [ryen]. 
 
 Shuttle bli. 
 
 Shy vb. (as horse) flin. 
 
 Shy SkAymd-nuniim-bo ;io be shy sdr;*kye/'/. 
 
 Sibia sum-bryak-fo ; see Leioptila. 
 
 Sick to be ddk, *nyvn. 
 
 Sickle hurban; sur-vi; siir-du; ka-ca. 
 
 Sickly ddk-mii. 
 
 Sickness a-ddk; fum-ddk; *net. 
 
 Sida— Sip 
 
 m 
 
 Sida pd-grait. 
 
 Side a-blydii; td-blydn kdn [blyd/'t]; a- 
 mlem; a-lydn; dyer; tuk-jer [jer] ; '■'co: 
 a-pun; /to'w; (direction) tiik-fyon [fydn] : 
 tsii; every s. tsu fsii; on both sides a- 
 pin a-bon [pij; s.-wise pd-hld-ld [hid]. 
 
 Sideroxylon kd-hlet zo kuti. 
 
 Sieve 7-6k; tun-sit hrdk [sit]. 
 
 Sift rok; *tsdk; 61; lit; kak; kam, kram. 
 
 Sigh sak-sdn. 
 
 Sign *t6; *ta. 
 
 Signature *je; *cakje. 
 
 Signify *ce mat. 
 
 Sikhim *ren-joh; '*ne-n6i'i. 
 
 Silen ce rin kap. 
 
 Silent sak ma; m,yak; moh. 
 
 Silk "tor; pd-s6h kd-bu [so//]; Tbr 
 
 ?»M/i-M. 
 
 Sill lUn-cak. 
 
 Silly nyop-pd nyop-pd. 
 
 Silurus pungentissimus no nol. 
 
 Silvan spirit n. ])r. td-ran; sci' *Uii-bn. 
 
 Silver kovi; Clerman s. //. 
 
 Similar a-lyok [lok]. 
 
 Simile fam-bor ; tih'i-bdr [bor]. 
 
 Similitude dok-bo. 
 
 Simmer fyop-pd t'yop-pd tsu; tidr-rd sur- 
 ra tsu. 
 
 Simple sd-cen [cen] ; a-glen. 
 
 Simpleton dyon-iid dyoh-nd-bo; tfin-ilyoi) ; 
 *po?'i-bo. 
 
 Simply kijp; ti; til. 
 
 Simulate nam-mat; nyop. 
 
 Simultaneously prdn-hl. 
 
 Sin Id-yo Id-son; *dik-po; '^nye. 
 
 Sinapis kun-ran. 
 
 Since o-re ren [o]; dr-ren; -ren; sd- 
 fa-ren. 
 
 Sinew a-sop; a-sop piin-prdk [prdk]. 
 
 Sing vd; vdm mat; lik. 
 
 Singing miin. 
 
 Singed nrdm ndn; see jop. 
 
 Single a-kaii; a-gyel; kd-tap; (unmarried) 
 a-vdn [van]; a s. thing a-mdn (298 i.). 
 
 Singlelah n. pr. sUn-li hlo. 
 
 Sink nyet nan; to s. in hydvi. 
 
 Sip s. hiip; a-hup. 
 
 Sip vb. a-hup ton; tap. 
 
53:2 
 
 Siphia — Sleep 
 
 Sleepy- — Smear 
 
 Siphia albicilla ri-bur; sd-ri tik tik. 
 Sir, dear s. *lUa. 
 Siskin fd-jir-fo. 
 
 Sister see nom, a-nom. 
 Sister-in-law a-ndp; kd-z6n Qla.). 
 
 Sit nan; *ju; s. down myil nan; sitting 
 on hams . pd-jd [jdj; s. crosslegged piir- 
 fyok-ka nan [fyokj. 
 
 Site a-gul 
 
 Sit on g n. pr. sd-fdn hlo. 
 
 Sitta kun-hlan-fo; "td-si ku-yi giim-bo. 
 
 Situate by am [bam]. 
 
 Situated to be nan; da. 
 
 Siva mik-lim-fo. 
 
 SiTok n. pr. sd-vok; su-vok. 
 
 Six td-rdk; sixth td-rdk-bo; sixteen td- 
 rdk tap; sixty Ka-sam; kd td-rdk; six- 
 tieth Ica-sam-bo; kd-td-rdk-bo. 
 
 Size *pun; of the s. (of) dok-ld. 
 
 Skeleton kun-gryon [gryonj. 
 
 Sketch fron; dun. 
 
 Skilful -ydm-bo; myam-bo [my a]; myon- 
 bo; to be lem; glen; tse. 
 
 Skill *won; a-myel a-yon [my el]. 
 
 Skim fyon. 
 
 Skimmia laureola tem-bdr nyok. 
 
 Skin vb. plyom; sol; s. a-kryu; a-kap; 
 a-fun; a-pi; sk. of finger-nails a-dam. 
 
 Skinned pyom; pd-sok [sok]. 
 
 Skirt (of cloth) a-pim. 
 
 Skull a-tyak bap-li; fyak-on; '^fok. 
 
 Skullion fdp dyok mat-bo. 
 
 Skum fyon-nun-re. 
 
 Sky td-lyan; *nam. 
 
 Slabber cil. 
 
 Slack a-iyor; a-dydr; run-hryoh-ld. 
 
 Slacken tyor nyon; fly at. 
 
 Slain plok non. 
 
 Slander kyon dim. 
 
 Slang tml-bor [bor]. 
 
 Slanted pd-hlyum [hlyum]. 
 
 Slanting pd-hld-ld [hid] ; pd-sun [sun]; 
 see tyop. 
 
 Slate jon Id/'i. 
 
 Slay sdt. 
 
 Slayer sof-bo. 
 
 Slave vyet on; *s6p wok; kum-bu kvm-b&n. 
 
 Sleep mik krap; *nyit. See nye nye. 
 
 Sleepy to be mik (um di; hlii da. 
 Sleeves of coat *pu-lua; boi'i. 
 Slender dydr-rd dydr-rd; kii n-gryan-ld 
 
 [gryan]; *py6. 
 Slice nar; lip. 
 Slide along ««^; si. down i/o'^; ftUn; plut; 
 
 *rv,t. 
 Slight dydl-bo. 
 Slightly zal-ld zal-ld. 
 Slim *py6. 
 Slime fat dyok. 
 Sling *hur-do. 
 Slip sal milk non; ydt; Mm; hldn; Met; 
 
 to si. along yek; to slip from flut; plut; 
 
 to si. down klUn; riit; flit. 
 Slippery flUt-td flUt-td Met; fid-Met; niin- 
 
 hlet [Met] ; klya. 
 Slop mam. 
 
 Slope dom; ruu-dom; li/'i; vb. yiil. 
 Sloping rit; pd-mlyd-ld [mlydj ; li/i-ld; 
 
 to hang down slopingly bydl [bal]. 
 Slothful Miin-nd Miin-nd. 
 Slough a-sop. 
 Slovenly pitv-su-ld [m] ; fiik-fyok-ld 
 
 [fyok]. 
 Slow nyol-bo; tiin-kyop [kyopj; kop-bo; 
 
 nyok-bo; pd-liJn; yut-bo. 
 Slowly nyul-lu nyol-ld; kop-pd kop-pd; 
 
 sd-gdh-ld sd-dH-ld; hydm hydm; nop-pd 
 
 nop-pd; yep-pd yap-pd [yap]. 
 Slug xOH ttik-nol; see yUk-pi tuk-nol. 
 Sluggard mik-krap pum [pum]. 
 Sluggish nyol-bo; pd-lvr'i; see Ml. 
 Slushing fak-kd fok-kd; ftik-kd fok-kd 
 
 [fok]. 
 Smack vap^. 
 Small cvm-bo [cii] ; kiip; tan-bo; tydk- 
 
 bo; tu-tyd-ld [tyd] ; *cuh; a-jiim; sd-jei'i- 
 
 Id IJeh]; (particles) ji; pyot td pyot-td; 
 
 fyot-td fyot-td; sup-sUp [mp]; (quantity) 
 
 man; (capacity) a-tsi/p; (circrmiference; 
 
 riivi riim-ld; (birds) di; jil; (chicken) 
 
 bran; (mat) um. 
 Small-pox riim-du.; fam-mo brut (296a.). 
 Smart vb sor. 
 
 Smashing sound tndr-ld; cdp-ld. 
 Smattering Kyap-pd 1,-yup-pd. 
 Smear sit; blya. 
 
Smell — Soa 
 
 ap 
 
 Sociable — Sound 
 
 533 
 
 Smells, ri; ri nom; fam-nom [nomj; s. of 
 
 marwa a-fyen; bad s. a-Jcak; a num; 
 
 a-fim [fij; a-folfa-Mm. 
 Smell vb. nom,; nyom. 
 Smilax see cdk-li bi; kiin-lyum; pd-lan 
 
 jii rik. 
 Smile *jum-vid jum-md (ydn; zam-vid 
 
 zam-md t'ydn; a-bon ju tet t'ydn ; jil jii 
 Smite zdk kon. 
 
 Smith *kar-vo; see ''ga, *gar; *pe-bo. 
 Smoke see kan; hlon; bluk; to s. tobacco 
 
 tom-ku fan. 
 Smoking tobacco pd-nyam [nyam]. 
 Smooth adj. glok; nup-fd nup-pd; yel- 
 
 Id yel-ld; ydr-rd yor-rd; hlap-pd hlap- 
 
 pd; dyem-ld. 
 Smooth vb. ^nyam; kyul; *j6r; mlyu. 
 Smoulder ru ru fan. 
 Snail tvk-nol [nol]. 
 Snake bu; *lu; Tbr : lop sok mak-bo; 
 
 specc. of snakes : tam-i-bu; pd-grat-bv; 
 
 pd-no bu;pd-f6n-bu[f6Aj ; pd-mdl-bii ; pd- 
 
 yel-bu; pd-lofl-bu ; pd-hryuk-bv ; pd-viu-bu; 
 
 pd-vof-bii,; pd-hlyok-bu; pd-sum-bi) ; pd- 
 
 sin-bii,; pd-rel-bii (L. mythology); pd- 
 
 j6k-bu; pd-sum-bu; — i. q. running 
 
 streams mvr-nyo-bii; to be bitten by s. 
 
 san-rik-kun vyot. 
 Snap pruA-liiit dek. 
 Snare vydr; sun-lii; tot. 
 Snarl nyur; wan. 
 Snatch kit [kij; hrun. 
 Snatched to be ziil-ld zal-ld zdk [zalj. 
 Sneeze Mr. 
 Snifting s^k svk. 
 Snipe see Gallinago. 
 Snore * I'/ur. 
 Snort sop. 
 Snot nyo. 
 
 Snout nd-t'dr [^nd]. 
 Snow sd-noir, so-non; a-kyon; s.-cock kih'i- 
 
 mo fo; s. -mountain cu hi 
 Snub (nose) nd-nar-ld [nar]. 
 Snuff at suk; s. *{n-lii'i. 
 So yo; ydn; a-Lo yo; o-lo yo; so far pe 
 
 tet; tet. 
 Soak in pot. 
 Soap liiii-Uit; iuh'i-lt(t; s.-wort sd-kryihn. 
 
 Sociable to be a-tsdk a-von yd [tsdk]. 
 
 Socket of eye a-mik-sd tuh-hon /289a./. 
 
 Soda *pM. 
 
 Sodomy td-gri bu mat. 
 
 Soft yel-ld yel-ld; niip-pd nup-pd: sop- 
 sop-bo; a-dl; a-but; a-num; nul-ld nul- 
 Id; byor; *jdm-ld; to become soft under 
 heat sin. 
 
 Soften dymn [ii?nj. 
 
 Soil *sa. 
 
 Soiled kd-/cok-ld [Icok]. 
 
 Solanum see kun-dv-; etc. S.lycopersicum 
 bi-ro; S. pudescens sd-ar tsu muk; S. 
 verbascifolium sd-hor. 
 
 Sold to be lorn; zoU. 
 
 Soldier *mak-mi; fydn; vik. 
 
 Sole of the foot lyok. 
 
 Solid (as wood) a-gliii; (firm) tdm-bo. 
 
 Solitary kd-ta kiip; kd-tap\ a-ka/'i ; a-td ; 
 td-td-ld [td] ; yan-iid yaii-iid. 
 
 Solution (of problem) a-pryom. 
 
 Some (a-)flik. 
 
 Sometimes go go; go-bu: go go-ba; ku/ 
 f(jy)in kat f^y^in; iu-Pat-ka; po po. 
 
 Somewhere 90-i?; kat-ba; kat-bi; kai-fi. 
 
 Somnambulist moa-ka lom-bo. 
 
 Son a-kCrp; *se; *ku dun; eldest s. mnn- 
 fran-bo [fran]; son-in-law myok. 
 
 Sonadali n. pr. sd-na da. 
 
 Song vdm [vdj 
 
 Soon gram- Id; ''no; fya. 
 
 Soothe (a child) dye/i bon de; mi to- 
 
 Sorcerer tiik-sum yam -bo [sum]; *fu 
 kl6n-bo; "'nok-po [*na]; miin-jiirn. 
 
 Sore to be nyo. 
 
 Sores go-yo; nd-vyer; *lu. 
 
 Sorghum vulgare rd-kon; tsiu'i-koii. 
 
 Sorrow *nya-nen; sak sd-gravi. 
 
 Sorrowful sak md-ryu-ne; a-liit kvn- 
 kyan fd-vi-ld Qib'db.); a-liit mak-non. 
 
 Sorry sak ddk. 
 
 Sort *'n6m-bo. 
 
 Soul a-pil; ninn-jtim nHvi-sar jjdm] ; hyit. 
 
 Sound suk; a-grik; s. of aiiything falling 
 bok; kyor-rd; kyol-ld; brdk; (of feet when 
 running) brap; s. of beating bop; kiik- 
 kdkok-kd[kok]; sliarp s.pih'i-peii-ldlpen]; 
 s. of flute biiii : hollow s. *pdr-ydn [*pur]. 
 
534 
 
 Soup — Spiral 
 
 Spire — Sprinkling 
 
 Soup man-un; tid-tdk. 
 
 Sour a- cor; rdk non; sourish sd-tsor-ld 
 
 [tsor]. 
 Source a-pldm lyaii [pld]; pum; a-bdn; 
 
 s. of evil piir. 
 South luw,; *Jilo. 
 Souvenir mlem dan. 
 Sow vb. pat. 
 Space pa, pat; sp. between a-hyer; a- 
 
 bydr. 
 Spacious, to be hon. 
 Span gom; kyu. 
 Spare a-fryok. 
 Spark mi-cum. 
 Sparkling rir-rd cir-rd; tik-kd tik-kd; 
 
 bul-ld bul-ld. 
 Sparrow non-zen fo (202a.)- 
 Spasmodic fru fvu; kin kin. 
 Spatholobus Roxburghii td-rol rik. 
 Spawn no-tso. 
 Speak U, *su; *sun. 
 Spear sun-hlyo; svm-lo. 
 Special fyon. 
 
 Species n&ni-bo; dyep; a-sdr; *hre. 
 Speckled num-jit [jit]. 
 Spectacle ndk-lyan ; nydt-sim- bo ; *tet-mo. 
 Spectacles *mik-rd (3396.)- 
 Speech ri/i, a-rin; a-bon. 
 Speed gram. 
 Spell *na; a-jil. 
 Spend nyon [non]; *ton; spendthrift bii. 
 
 lok viat-bo; kom jer not d.ydn bo [nol] ; 
 
 kom lok-ydm-bo [lok]. 
 Sperma genitale un; (of small animals) 
 
 a-tdn. 
 Sphenocercus sphenurus kd-wu-fo; S. 
 
 apicaudus siim-pun-fo. 
 Spider td (ti/nygryon [gryo/ij. See sd-na 
 
 sd-gryon; sdn-tun. 
 Spider-hunter see Arachnothera. 
 Spill lun. 
 
 Spilornis cheela un pim-fydn [21.6b.]. 
 Spin sop. 
 Spine a-can. 
 Spinning-wheel pi).r-vun de[vun]; kydr- 
 
 ko; wo-mo. 
 Spindle kd-fydr; sok; wo-mo. 
 Spiral kar kar; to be sp. net. 
 
 Spire *c6k. 
 
 Spirit (substance) a-hat; (opp. to body) 
 
 sUn-miit [mat]; evil sp.wMw see demon; 
 
 good sp, riim; guardian sp. kd-fai'i [i 
 
 etc. see God; departed sp. a-pil; nvm- 
 
 jum [jum]. — (liquor) «'; *c6h; a-rok; 
 
 a-sum. 
 Spit tyuk; to sp. out lit. 
 Spittle dyuk; *Ka cu. 
 Spleen a-lim. 
 Splendid yi^; tsiir. 
 Splendour *wdt; nUm-tsur [tsur] ; a- 
 
 dyum a-n6n [umj; tdr-nyon. 
 Splice hryem 
 Splinter a-flek; a-pl6p; a-Ur; a-sin; kun 
 
 sin. See flok. 
 Split vb. t. zat; a-plen bi [plen] ; bl6k; 
 
 cit; *cek; p. p. flik; vb. n. bu; dyon; 
 
 plon-ld bu; split open bik; to be split 
 
 pan; jur; grom; nrik; splitting sd-tar. 
 Spoil kit [ki] ; ak. 
 Spondias mangifera rovi ci Un kun. 
 Spontaneously su-cen-ld [cen] ; tu-do 
 
 bot- tim. 
 Spool sUn-plak. 
 Spoon siin-kyd; td-li. 
 Sport tak-bliit [blu]. 
 Spot (locality) lyan; (stain) ^krip; ttik- 
 
 frot [frot]; (mark) tak; a-mik; (on 
 
 forehead of horse) kin-fuk. 
 Spotted tak-kd tak-kd; diin-nd don-iiu 
 
 [doit]; a-tsHm mar mar. 
 Spouse bri fmn-bo. 
 Spout tiik-cum [cu]. 
 Sprain ol. 
 
 Spray un dd-sd a-jum (4456.). 
 Spread so; lap; klom; spr. out ik; som; 
 
 yot; ran; ryot; lo; pop; spread out cor; 
 
 spread over md-ryom; thinly sp. piin- 
 
 brdn-ld [bran] ; wide-spreading a-su. 
 Spring vb. t byu [bu]; yh.n.yon; tyiik; 
 
 up sal; bol; upon t'yer; kryap; to cause 
 
 to sp. downwards fyet [t'et]. — s. 
 
 (season) a-bdn; (fountain) ram; *cu 
 
 mik; un cuk lyan; (mystic f.) riih-cum; 
 
 spring-bow tson-fok. 
 Sprinkled fyot hrydn; dyon 
 Sprinkling biin bfm. 
 
Sprout— Start 
 
 Startling — Stipules 
 
 535 
 
 Sprout s. Lit; lin; a-ldp; a-jek; a-jul; a- 
 
 nyak; a-fyul; a-dyut; a-pum; fam-len 
 
 [len]; sum-dal. 
 
 Sprout vb. Jul; t'yul; hoi; brop; bldn; 
 
 cut; sp. up (youth) hryon tsun [hronj. 
 
 Spur (of cock) yon; (of mountain) a-bral. 
 
 Spurious a-ny6k\; '^ba-tso. 
 
 Spy vb. mik iidk; mik mat; s. myer-bo; 
 
 *kydm hydt-bo. 
 Square s. a- tar; *krup-ji [*kruj. 
 Square adj. a-t'ar; pd-far; tiin-bo; pd- 
 
 man. — vb. hlok. 
 Squat vb. my dp; adj. nd-nor-bo [noij ; 
 
 pun-bdn-bam-bo [ban]. 
 Squeak (monkey) kyon; (pig) nek. 
 Squeeze pit; tsot; to s. thro' niin; to s. 
 
 out dp; *tser ; put-pryvt-ld dyep [pryvtj; 
 
 squeezed to be byor; fyol [tdlj. 
 Squirt out kdn; kru; cit. 
 Squirrel kd-li; seePteromys; Sciuridae. 
 Stable on li. 
 
 Stachyris nigriceps suu-grem fo. 
 Stack a-iop. 
 Staff pd-tun [tun]. 
 Stag sd-vin. 
 
 Stage not gut; from st. to st. a-tin a-t'in. 
 Staggering yap-pd yop-pd; flyaa-nd 
 
 flyuH-nd; nydii nydii; (jrydi'i grydn; 
 
 kdn kdn. 
 Stain vb feb nyii; s. "krip. 
 Stairs *do kre; a-t'yen; pd-kyo. 
 Stake s. tuk-bon [bon]; vb. tsdk. 
 Stale to be som; dyoii. 
 Stalk a-jw); kun; a-dek; of corn a-bl6m. 
 Stall by on don; vb. grip. 
 Stallion on-bu. 
 Stamen rip tsut; rip lit. 
 Stammer bldp-pd bldp-pd U; a-li fik; 
 
 *Ma tik bam. 
 Stamp s. '^gya-to. 
 
 Stamp vb. *po'j' kyop; to st. down klek. 
 Stand vb. (bear) *««?»; v. ii. din hron; 
 
 to St. up tal-ld din; to st. on tip of toe 
 
 hrydm. 
 Stand s. a-ldp; standing hair siiii-jan-ld. 
 Star .sd-hor. 
 Start sUt lyon; starting oat pit n-pre/l-ld 
 
 [prenj. 
 
 Startling sd-ryen-ld [ryen] ; sd-lyon-ld; 
 can can; startled sd-kar-ld [kar] ; to be 
 la tor; sak ma. 
 State (of body) *is6. 
 Stauntonia kol pot. 
 Stay tydn; a stay-at-home li-ka naii-nd 
 
 tan-nd bam-bo. 
 Steadfastness *nan-tdn. 
 Steal vb. titk-mo mat. 
 Steam see hoi. 
 
 Steel nor Idk piin-jen; ^r:e-%t. mi pyct. 
 Steep to be glan. 
 Steeple *g&n-cdk. 
 Stella rivularis sd~ri td-dam viuk. 
 Stem a-bdn; a-glyan; ndr; riik-sil 
 Stench mi/n-sin; fim ri novi [fi]. 
 Step fori gom; ton po; of ladder; a-fok; 
 
 steps pd-kyo; a-fyen; steji by step tot 
 
 tot [to]. 
 Stepfather bo lo [lo]. 
 Sterculia cocciwcakd-fyor-kxin : St.villosa 
 
 kd-hlydm-kun; see also kd-fdl-laui. 
 Stew a-c6m; vb. kd. 
 Steward tsam-bo; mlo ran-bo; tam-yii/i; 
 
 *rd-7iye. 
 Stick s. mil-tin; kun-tiii; pd-tiit [tin]; 
 
 pd-tun [tun]. 
 Stick vb. n. rop; pyek; to st. in throat 
 
 Hak; to st. together ^rap; vb. t. (in) sen; 
 
 tfiu; hit; sdl; pok; kol. 
 Stickinsect muiL-kyoii. 
 Sticky kyak-kdkyak-kd; krap-pd krap-pd. 
 Stiff a-kok; kd-klal-ld [klal] ; piin-kldt 
 
 [klot]; gyiip ndn; a-fok; see nyo; gro; 
 
 som,. 
 Stigmatize cir. 
 Still adj. (quiet) sd-lr.yam [I'yam]; (silent) 
 
 mon-ld [moil]; myak. 
 Still adv. sen-Id; sen go run; un go run; 
 
 yan-ld; yai'i un; still more ik. 
 Stilts po tun-kran ]kraiij. 
 Sting a-lim. 
 Stingy, to be sap. 
 Stink miin-sin min-kam rinom,; rinom; 
 
 stinkingpOT'; liik-dyen: tHk-byap ]byap]; 
 
 see sd-hak. 
 Stipulation bo. 
 Stipules pd-kok [kok]. 
 
536 
 
 Stir — Strangury 
 
 Strap — Style 
 
 Stir nijok; kd; tyu; vd; nhontjjijul; together 
 
 kyol; fyul; up zun. 
 Stirrup * yop. 
 
 Stitch s. a-hrap; vb. to st. up vydl; to 
 have a stitch in side td-li kol (120a.). 
 Stock a-pyun; a-pu/i. 
 Stockade pon. 
 Stockings fon-mk. 
 Stolen goods num-Ml-mo [ml]. 
 Stomach bdk; td-bdk; big st. tuk-dum; 
 st. of ruminating animals td-dyim; st.- 
 ache sd-tun; sak yul. 
 Stone Idn (luii-'); *do; stones set up as 
 
 posts lap-tso. 
 Stone-cutter Idn zo-bo. 
 Stony grot. 
 
 Stoopingly kun-krdn-ld [krdn]. 
 Stop vb t. ^ge; *gak; nam; ''cet; tsok; 
 niik; tydn; *cei; up dap; brol; bryet; 
 su to; to be stopped *gdk; to be st. up 
 fop; tip. — s. (in writing) td-rol [rol]. 
 — stop! ba. 
 Stoparola melanops sd-pyel-fo. 
 Stopper ddp-bo; a-mm [m]. 
 Store, store up pifw; tnok; myup; tsun to; 
 
 s. a-pyun; *pan; ku. 
 Storeroom *zdt; stores *kran-rik. 
 Storkbird *cin-sd nyi; *cen-pa nyi. 
 Storm nop-nio; pu-yuk; so van. 
 Story (tale) *,smm; *sun; mon turn; 
 
 (floor) fok. 
 Stout bryuk; pak; nyor-rd nyor-rd; short 
 
 and st. pum-pavi-ld [pamj. 
 Straddling kun-kraii-nd [kran] ; gryon 
 
 gryon. 
 Straight a-nan; kd-klydk-ld [klydk] ; klyap 
 ndn; a-glen; con; nd-ld; fydr-rd fydr- 
 rd; fyak-kdfyak-kd;ral; str. along «dA- 
 kd ndk-kd; straightly plon-ld; kla-ld; 
 sdn-te. 
 Straighten nak; '^san. 
 Straightway yan-ka; krd krd; kydt-ld; 
 
 *kydn. 
 Strain *tsdk; to str. off *soi'; tip. 
 Stranger|)a-oV<-sa; nun vyen; md-ro tsar- 
 Id si. 
 Strangle tHk-tok-ka brat. 
 Strangury *cu-g6k. 
 
 Strap gin. 
 
 Strata of rocks Idn-bok. 
 
 Straw nun; tHk-sun [sun]; zo ton [for/]. 
 
 Stray bram. 
 
 Streaked md-mdr-ld [mar]. 
 
 Streaks see .si)r-vu-ld [vd]. 
 
 Stream ml kyon; in streams 2)lydk-ld 
 
 [pldk]. 
 Street li byek lorn. 
 Strength bon; *set; cet; ki-kd. 
 Streptolinon volubilo piir-cdk bi. 
 Stretch (out) vb. t. hlam; yak; flen; *fe/i; 
 dan; up fyiik, tight toaw; stretched out 
 kd-kro-ld [kroj; kd-kldl-ld [klalj; (arms) 
 kd-kran-ld [kran]. 
 Strew dydn fo. 
 Strike buk; klyot; uyot; lyup;pd (pHtytu 
 
 kydp; strike off dydm. 
 String *fdk; nyok fdk; tuk-po; a-rin\ a- 
 rya\ bow-str. a-grim [gri]. See kd^yeit. 
 Strip sm; 6t fo; off kydt; lut; in strips 
 
 sHr-vd-ld [vd]. 
 Stripe s. a-ri; a-zdn\ a-bdk. 
 Striped sun-zdn-ld [zdn]; sd-zu [zii]; a- 
 
 bdii-bo; dydn; kur-cot. 
 Stripling md-zO, a-rok (339a.). 
 Strive for ndt. 
 Stroke sap. 
 
 Strong tdm-bo; a-tom; nyor-rd nydr-rd; 
 krum z6n[krii]; *krdk; ' cet-nyim-bo ; 
 (plants, animals) dr dr; (voice) gron. 
 Strongly tom-ld; (pd-)plyu-ld. 
 Struck to be fdp-ndn-ne. 
 Struggle det; ndk; ki. 
 Stubborn bon sv, bdn lyaii; a-plim mat- 
 bo [pli]. 
 Stucco sa-ld. 
 Study hlap jdrl mat. 
 Stuff into gryen; nok; into mouth vidp; 
 
 " tern. 
 Stumble against *tek; *gok. 
 Stumped to be pdk. 
 Stumpy md-mdp-ld [map J. 
 Stunned to be sak zd. 
 Stunted sd-hyu [hyu]. 
 Stupid a-kldt; a-liit on ndn (3526.); sak- 
 
 cin tak. 
 Style rin-sd jd; rin pat. 
 
Sub ar kum — S ulky 
 
 Subarkiim n. in. sd-bur ham. 
 
 Subdue nan; *cun; lijiir; to be subdued 
 sd-gram nun. 
 
 Subject '"wok; *na-ivok; "mi-no; (argu- 
 ment) kyum; fam U. . 
 
 Subjugate torn to mat. 
 
 Submit to *san. 
 
 Suboruation gi. 
 
 Subside nyet; rat; sop. 
 
 Subsistence top-sd/i. 
 
 Substance *wd;*?2or;*yo2>; ifj/a; (essence) 
 
 a-iiat. 
 Substitute a-let; Idm-ho; a-ldm. 
 Substract ban. 
 
 Sub str action (math.) man tsu. 
 Subvert gyam dydn. 
 Succeed cap. 
 Success a-dyor ; bor- Idt ; pun-tdr [tur]. 
 
 See dydl. 
 Succession gyit; a-t'yen. 
 SucessiTely fyen-nd t'yen-nd; a-t'yep; 
 
 til-Id til Id; bydn-nd bydn-nd; fyon-nd 
 
 fyon-nd; rydk-kd sdk-kd. 
 Such yo Qpdn); sd-lo-ld; *rd. 
 Suck *zi/.p; yup; hap; to s. dry kryup; 
 
 to s. up nil.; to s. and spit out cop. 
 Suckle nyen tydn; nH byi. 
 Suckling a-kap nyen nu-bo; nyen fdn- 
 
 bam-bo; a-kep. 
 Suddenly M-tecZo dyoin-ka; lydt-td; glam- 
 
 Id; gldt-ld; sd-kar-ld [kar] ; klyon-ld; 
 
 can can; naii-to-ka; tir-ld; stU-lyon-nd. 
 Suffer Id; bu; ndk; td; kyon; kd-giik-ld 
 
 nyi [gixk]; nyon; *siin sdn. 
 Suffice flip; hup 
 
 Sufficiency tak-kHn; tdk blot; a-jot. 
 Sufficiently t'ak-ld; *liydp-ld; ca ca; jot- 
 Id; pon tet; pyit-ld. 
 Suffocate sun; zop; suffocated tick-dup 
 
 sup-sip [dupj. 
 Sugar ci-nyi; *ci-ma-ka-ru; s.-cane viiit 
 
 pd-am; pd-kon pd-am. 
 Suggestion nor. 
 Suitable a-pe; a-rik; a-po; to be s. tup; 
 
 jo; p6. 
 Suitor kim-bo [kij. 
 Sulky pd-liin; cer-bam-bo; to be s. so li 
 
 li a Tbr. (419a.)- 
 
 Sullen — Surgeon 
 
 537 
 
 Sullen to be *wia«; sam; sdr. 
 
 Sulphur cu-pi. 
 
 Sum up byom-Uin tsU [bom]. 
 
 Summary dom. 
 
 Summer so-sd tu-tmt (419a.). 
 
 Summit tdk. 
 
 Summon kUk; lik. 
 
 Sun sd-tsHk [tsiik]; '"nyi-ma; sd-t^dk sd- 
 
 mik; Tbr.: td-lyanmo; so mik. 
 Sunbird see Aethopygia. 
 Snnday * za nyi-ma; mi sd-ayak. 
 Sunflower sd-tsHk rip [tsiik]. 
 Sunrise tsUk-cdr; tsiik-lat; so-son. See 
 
 dar-ld; *tdr-ldn. 
 Sunset tsiik-tdt; tsuk-kyer. 
 Sunshine so-rin. 
 
 Sunstroke so-rin ddk; td-lyan mun zdk. 
 Sunk kiul-Jiom-bo [homj; to be myiik. 
 Superabundance *t»ain-tsii. 
 Superabundant li/t-ld; to be s. lit; 
 
 siir; na. 
 Superadd cop; nrel; kum. 
 Superciliousness cet-hrd. 
 Superficial fyori; lip; sd/i-mdm; (bad) 
 
 sd-hyu [hyu]; superficially a-bon a- 
 
 fun-ka. 
 Superfluous hl6k-bo. 
 Superintend kd-bo kyop [kdj. 
 Superintendence niim-kdt [kd]. 
 Superior pldn-bo; *go/i; *cep-bo; a-ton; 
 
 to be s. ka zuk. 
 Supplement kdm; kdl. 
 Supplicate mat. 
 Supply top. 
 Support top; idr; Id; bix.; nyibam; juto; 
 
 to s. one's self fov); s. td-bon [bonj; a-jut 
 
 [juj; pijn-top pun-jd [jd]; ka; for cooking- 
 pan ""gyiip. 
 Supposition cin. 
 Suppress nan; ciip; suppressed (anger) 
 
 pHl-dij/i [diinj; to be s. pat. 
 Suppurate byum; om; ci. 
 Supreme tok; pum; a-tyak; '*u; a-plan. 
 Surely nyi-ld; si-Id; *f6k-cdt-ld. 
 Surety *td-mo. 
 Surface pd-dn; fyon; pHr-tam [tarn]; 
 
 a-sdp. 
 Surgeon cen-zdn. 
 
 34* 
 
538 
 
 Suruiculus — Syrnium 
 
 Tabasheer — Tapiria 
 
 Suruiculus see hd-hryu-fo. 
 
 Surplus *m6n; a- cop a -by it [cop]; a- 
 fryok. 
 
 Surround kyor [*korJ; *gor; vor; sur- 
 rounded to be kul; gryom. 
 
 SurTivors lon-bam-bo-sdn. 
 
 Suspend ka; to be suspended byol. 
 
 Suspicious var var; to be s. sak an. 
 
 Sustain kyon; top; tdp-ld mat. 
 
 Suthora unicolor con td-fyep-fo. 
 
 Suture of skull nyel. 
 
 Suya criniger fd-ryul-fo; dan prim-fo 
 
 (22G6.)- 
 Swallow vb. yop; hyul; am mat. 
 Swallow s. sd-lyan fo. 
 Swallow- shrike see Graucalus. 
 Swamp a-jop; un-jop; un-jom; liu'i- 
 
 non. 
 Swarm mup\ yor; ci ci tsuk. 
 Swarming mrdn-nd mrdn-nd; fyol-ld 
 
 fyol-ld; hur-ld. 
 Swear ryak myd; ryak bii ; ryak myd- 
 
 luh U. 
 Sweat cit; cit pld. 
 Sweep nor dydn; ^pyok. 
 Sweeper mr-kyem dydn-bo Tbr. 
 Sweet a-klyam. 
 Sweetheart *g6 kro. 
 Sweetmeats a-gryoh; *ji-ro. 
 
 Swell dn\ sup; bro; bat [bdj; pren; tyol; 
 
 torn; swelled fru fru; swelled up pd- 
 
 bor-ld [bor]. 
 Swelling (eyes) pd-plup-ld [plupj ; 
 
 (sickness) see fyak dum mun; ton mun. 
 Swift adj. *kyem-bo [*kyen]; *c6n,-bo; 
 
 dan Eu-bo [dan]. 
 Swift see Acanthylis. 
 Swim fa. 
 Swine mon-gu. 
 Swing s. tuk-Ut [sit]. 
 Swinging va va; vat-td vat-td. 
 Switch fit-td fit-td bilk; pHt-bit-ld lyiip 
 
 [bit]; s. parl-Kar. 
 Swollen brom-bo [bro]; pum-byom-ld 
 
 [byom]; pUm-pyam-ld [pyam]. 
 Swoon a-som pat. 
 Swovipd yuk; curved a.tiik-plyok [ply6k[; 
 
 s. of wood sun-com. 
 Sympathize kyon to. 
 Symptoms *ce. 
 Synagogue ri-ziim. 
 Syncope *tsuk-cet. 
 Synonyme a-hyop. 
 Syphilitic sore po-rop. 
 Syphon pd-Mp. 
 Syrnium nivicolum kd-li op tiik-pum (?); 
 
 u-s6p; S. newarense mik rap brU; 
 
 da-brii. 
 
 Tabasheer po bUt. 
 Table *iin-te; td-kdvi [kdmj. 
 Tadpole kUn-til; tuk-dum; titk-dyol. 
 Tail a-sim; tiik-sim, [si]; fish-t. si [m]- 
 
 pydr; hen without t. hik pol-ld. 
 Tailor dum zo-bo; dumhrap-bo; tsdmbo. 
 Tainted to be plop. 
 Take lyd; le; lyo; *ldn; len; *sun; rdk; 
 
 take care i i tun i; to t. away tsun bu; 
 
 *py6k; ba non; tdl; to t. oW fyul; flyon; 
 
 to t. out dot; ii; to t. up bH din; dk; to 
 
 t. into mouth dap. 
 Talauma sd-fuk kun. 
 
 Talpa pur ayam. 
 
 Talc tUn-jer Idn. 
 
 Talented *ydn-tdn nyim-bo. 
 
 Tall krul-ld krul-ld; piir (kur)-sdn; kron; 
 
 a-hrydn. 
 Tallow man sut. 
 
 Tame i\,A]. jut-bo [ju] ; a-li; a-lydn. 
 Tame vb. torn to mat; tyii; *cim. 
 Tanner sar-si. 
 Tapering pd-hydk-ld; pd-hyon-ld [hydk, 
 
 hyon]. 
 Tapestry *yd-l6. 
 Tapiria hirsuta rom ci lin Hk, 
 
Tarantula — Terminus 
 
 Terpentine — Thin 
 
 539 
 
 Tarantula sa-na sd-gryon. 
 
 Tardily yep-pd yop-pd; nop-pd nop-pd; 
 nyiil-ld nyol-ld [nyol]. 
 
 Tardy nydk-bo; a-nyok; kop-bo; "nyam no 
 mat-bo. 
 
 Target mdk. 
 
 Tarsiger chryseus mun-sel fo. 
 
 Taste s. *ro; a-um; a-fo. 
 
 Taste vb. kon; nyon; *rek; to t. insipid 
 fa fa U; s. a-um; a-zo; *ro; a-fo; taste- 
 less pd-blyot-ld [blyotj. 
 
 Tattoo tuk-sdk tarn [sdk]. 
 
 Taunt c6; so. 
 
 Tawny myil-ld. 
 
 Tax bi-lo; *zd-gat; gat; a-fyak fron kon. 
 
 Tax us bacata tun-si. 
 
 Tea ^'c6; tea-cake *ba-g6k. 
 
 Teach Map byi. 
 
 Teacher lilap byi-bo; *lo-pdn. 
 
 Tear s. mik-grun; falling tears td-rol 
 
 [rolj. 
 Tear vb. hra; hrik; fik; to i. oS suk;Ml; 
 
 to t. out Jilak. 
 Teat nyen pot. 
 Teaze cd; nyol. 
 Tedious a-jum. 
 Telescope *gyan-ser. 
 Tell diin; li; lin byi; fron; telltale U 
 
 so -bo. 
 Telphusa td-hi. 
 Temper *nyam. 
 Temperament *nyam-tmt. 
 Tempest ndp-mo; p'u-yuk; so van. 
 Temple *gdn; * co-Icon. 
 Temporary j5m md-fyd-ne. 
 Tempter gi-byin-bo. 
 Ten kd-ti; tenth kd-ti-bo. 
 Tender a-jil; nvp-pd niip-pd; nul-ld nvl- 
 
 Id; a-j6m; hlu. 
 Tendong n. pr. tun-ron [roii]. 
 Tent *kur; byd. 
 
 Tephrodornis pelvica riip-niin-fo. 
 Termes tvk-men. 
 Terminalia sHJi-ldk ku/i; T. belerica 
 
 kd-ndm kun; T. chebula sd-lim-kun. 
 Terminate vb. n. tel; tek; dek; vb. i.lel. 
 Termination tvk-tek; a-dek. 
 Terminus Zom fek 
 
 Terpentine *fdn-sin cu. 
 
 Terrace *ydn-fok; dyep-sin. 
 
 Terrific rom-mii, [ro]; a-fim . 
 
 Terrified ndn; *krok. 
 
 Terror nd/i-ldt. 
 
 Tesia sUn-tet-fo; sum-tit-fo. 
 
 Testament *Ka-cem; *m. 
 
 Testicle td-lam tyen; a-t'ol.. 
 
 Testimony den-yuk. 
 
 Thamnocalamus spathifiorus pd-myak. 
 
 Than (more) -www; -len. 
 
 Thank *tom cot mat; thank you a-do fu 
 
 je ce; con con. 
 That o; td-d. 
 
 Thatch of bamboo bdk. See myet. 
 The -re; -mv.. 
 Theatre *tet-mo. 
 Theft tuk-mo; kiit-mo. 
 Theme *kor. 
 
 Then hah:, un; o-fa; a-ldn; yo gdn; gan. 
 There o-ba; o-bi; o-re-ba; pe; pi; pir; 
 
 pydp; pydr. 
 There-above ta; ta-a etc.; to-ba; fail. 
 There-below myd-d; me-d etc. 
 Therefore o-bi-ren; dr-kdn-niin; ydri. 
 Therein a-re-ka; o-re-ka. 
 Thereupon han; han ur-nun; o-re-sd 
 
 lyan-ka. 
 Thereupwards tar. 
 Thespesia lampas kd-fdl kuii. 
 They a-re-pdh. 
 
 Thick a-tdn; (log of wood) a-b'ak; 
 (bamboo) a-rdm; (watersoup, milk) a- 
 fet; a-kmn [ko] ; (hair) simi-som [som]; 
 (in clusters) a-brdii; thick and short H- 
 nur-bo [nur]; kiim-kram-ld [kram] ; 
 thickened miil. . 
 Thicket zdr; dUp 
 Thief tiik-mo mat-bo; md-rd tuk-mo pur; 
 
 kd md-ryu-niim-bo; a-kd gram. 
 Thigh a-lam; th.-lioue pdk-Bp; tup; tHk- 
 
 t'yok pot [tyok]. 
 Thin adj. gryd-ld; sd-mrdn [mrdn]; 
 (slender) cim; *py6; (insect) a-klep; 
 (cloth etc.) jdm; son; a-sap; (dust) 
 brak-kd brak-kd; brdn-nd h-dn-nd; sd- 
 ji-ld [ji]; (watery) Jdd; ra ra; sd-ra 
 (long and th.) blik; brii'i. 
 
540 
 
 Thin — Thus 
 
 Thin out Mn. 
 
 Thine a-do-sv; ho-sci. 
 
 Thing t'am; mlo; things see pd/'i. 
 
 Think cin; sak an; sakzo; *no; yot fyo]; 
 
 *gon. 
 Third sam-ho. 
 Thirteen sam tap. 
 Thirty Ka hat su kd-ti; kd-sam. 
 Thirst mi not. 
 This a q. v. 
 Thither td-van. 
 Thorn ju gret; a-jii; see gryap. 
 Thorpughlj pd-glet-ld [glet]; piir; tsai)- 
 
 nd tsan-nd. 
 Thou ho; a-do. 
 Though kd yau-ld; gdn. 
 Thought "sdvi; cin-nun; sak-cin 
 Thousand *toi). 
 Thrash ci; kravi 
 -Thread a-brdm [bra]; '*ton-kvt; siin-Jd; 
 
 see under ki; Yb. Mm. 
 Thready (cloth) hhjdp. 
 Threaten nyor jin mat; dye mat. 
 Three sam; in three days ka-cam. 
 Threshold* tem-pori ; vyei'i tem-poh ; vyeh - 
 
 tsun. 
 Thrice savi-fyin. 
 Thro' -ba ; mat-ba. 
 Throat a-nyum. 
 Throne *ju den; *ju hri. 
 Through -ren; -niin; -mat-ba; -mat-ban; 
 
 -mat-ren; -ba; ku-nun. 
 Throughout plyot-ld; fdk-ld; vydl-ld. 
 Throw in disorder raA; to th.down kryok; 
 
 glyot; tydl; pok; to th. out dyop; cor. 
 Thrush, rock-thrush see Geocichla, 
 mountain-thrush see Oreocincla,- brown 
 th. see Zoothera, laughing - thr. see 
 Dryonastes; ground-thr. see Pitta, — 
 see rum-nyo fo ; tiir-foh-fo; fd-liryinn-fo. 
 Thuja orientalis suk-po kun. 
 Thumb kd ddm (4 a.). 
 Thuubergia coccinea con tu-fyep rik. 
 Thunder so-ram; piin-ram pd-bit [ra]. 
 Thunderbolt sd-dydr; mvn-fi. See 
 
 under jil. 
 Thursday sun-mut sd-dyak; "^ta pur-bo. 
 Thus yo; yo-ban; a-lo; a-yo; a lo-yo; m 
 
 Tibet- Tolerate 
 
 mat ri mat; OYen thus td-da; td-dal-ld 
 [da]; thus far a-ba tet [a]; sdn-te; thus 
 much a-tet; o-tet; yo-tet. 
 Tibet pdt-lyan; Tibetan pat-mo; pdt-mi; 
 md-ro a-tun; T. u-cen- writing'^a-^aA- 
 nyim-bo; T, u-met- wr. a-fyak md-nyin- 
 num-bo. 
 Tibia dyah liryep. 
 Tiohodroma muraria sd-gor-sd Urn 
 
 dan fo. 
 Tick (doglouse) gi-bu. 
 Tickle jak; yak; see also o'ok. 
 Tickling a-yak; yur-rd yur rd. 
 Tie together zop; cet; to be tied sik. 
 Tiger sd-t'dn; Tbr. fdt-sd hyir; t.-cat sd- 
 
 ryok, Tbr. fri fik-bo. 
 Tight to be zak; to be too t. (cloth) p/m. 
 Tightly suti-jen-ld [jeiij. 
 Till, until mat; tet; see md — nd tet; 
 
 tnd — nd pa-ka. 
 Time *tu; *tu-tsdt; *to-tsdt; dyom, a- 
 dyom; dem; fi; fik; *loii; ron; po; nam; 
 tun-bik; of a song a-pryom [pryo] ; at 
 times di. 
 Timid rovi-ydm-bo; md-nv-num-bo. 
 Timidity frdm-ldt; no no. 
 Tin *m-ka. 
 Tinder *pyd. 
 Tire sj Sot. 
 
 Tired of *t.sd; kd-gal-ld [gal]. 
 Tista run-nyo un. 
 
 Tit, uucrested t. see Parus; crow-t. see 
 Grarrulax, Scaeorhynchus, Suthora, Dry- 
 onastes; crestes t. Lophophanes. See 
 so-ld mit-fo; fd-cim-fo. 
 Title a-bryan. 
 To -ka; -lyan; -lyan-ka; -ba; -bi; -lol-ld; 
 
 to and fro dyun-nd uyun-itd. 
 Toad td-kryuk. 
 
 Tobacco *t6m-hv; t.-pipe *kdn-zdk. 
 Today sd-ron. 
 Toddling kydm kydl. 
 Toe a-t'on jovi; the big t. a- ton ddm. 
 Together kryom kryom; go go; co; dom; 
 
 bdm; *zum; ron-nd ron-nd; hdr. 
 Toil kyon; a-lom a dan. 
 Token *td; tet. 
 Tolerate td. 
 
Tomate — Transgress 
 
 Transient — Trowsers 
 
 541 
 
 Tomate bi-ro. 
 
 Tomb *ku-buvi; cok. 
 
 To-morrow luk-kdl. 
 
 Tongs piin-fyet [fyetj. 
 
 Tongue a-li; *jak. 
 
 Tonic see kuntek rik. 
 
 Too (too much) *no met; (also) gtln; 
 
 Id: nd. 
 Tool *ca; *lak-c6; {a-)kd Ion. 
 Tooth a-/b, fo ki; *t«em; decayed t, see 
 
 nyit; fruit used to stain the teeth td- 
 
 kli pot. 
 Top a-ydk; *tse. 
 
 Topsy-turvy kul-dak [dak] ; iijun; tyiik. 
 Torch mi hlik; bok-zu. 
 Torn pd-sil [Ml]; to be t. off Idyan. 
 Torrent un sol; un hrol; so dar; in t.'s 
 
 sor-rd sor-rd; hryok-kd bryok-kd. 
 Tortoise *ro-ba. 
 Toss kuk; about &Za^; hldkrydk; tossing 
 
 (head) vyuk-kd nyak-kd [nyak]. 
 Total bovi-md jam-vid; tydn, see gim. 
 Touch a-kd kya kya mat; tydt; tydp. 
 Touchstone ka-U Idn. 
 Tough a-gyel; kok. 
 Tow fd-ti. 
 
 Towards -lem; -lol-ld; mat-Id; fi. 
 Town li-kyon. 
 Toy de-bo; de-mo. 
 Trace a-lo a-m; a-sur; vb. 'prek. 
 Trachea a-som Mm. 
 Track a-sur. 
 Trade *tson; tson lorn. 
 Tradition dya-sdrin; *lunte7i; dep-tom. 
 Traffic *tson. 
 
 Trailing along gryut-td grydt-td. 
 Train s. dan- f 6k. 
 Train vb. tyu; tynr. 
 Traitor gi zom-ho. 
 Tramp kryak. 
 Trample on brya. 
 Tranquil sak a; a-liit zet-ld li. 
 Tranquility a-kydt; gydvi. 
 Trans- dal. 
 Transcribe kok-luii pi. 
 Transfer dal-ld dol-ld Idk. 
 Transform *gyur; kldn. 
 Transgress hlok. 
 
 Transient md-bam-mUn-sd; p'u md- 
 
 t'yd-ne. 
 Translate a-fin dal; a-fin rin li. 
 Transmigration dal gye-ldt; see hyit. 
 Transparent fdk-bo; a-fin. 
 Transplanted a-fyan [tyan]. 
 Transport so; bv,; dal so. 
 Transverse to be fy6k; brol; to place 
 
 t. ay ok. 
 Trap tUn-gap [gap]; pan; tsu; Ml; miin- 
 
 6p; bird-tr. tap; tot; pek; vyer; fish-tr. 
 
 kd (kiir')-vyo; niim-fyeh-mo (Tbr. see 
 
 fyen); fit; rat-tr. kop; bear-tr. fom. 
 Travel lom,; not-ka lorn. 
 Tread kryak; to tr. out ci. 
 Treasure *ter; piin-dor. 
 Treasury *zdt; jer kom zdt. 
 Tree kun, a-kuii; *sin; Thv. sd-sim; troepie 
 
 see Dendrocitta. 
 Tfemble yak; vyen; tydm; Jan. 
 Trembling mhn-vyen; len-nd len-nd; 
 
 tydr-rd tydr-rd; tyor-rd tyor-rd. 
 Tremulous motion ryiin ryvn. 
 Trench *w. 
 Trial t'am-dyup; a-dyul. 
 Triangle sur sam-bo. 
 Tribe *de; mi-tso. 
 Tribunal *hrim. 
 Trib ute sir-to. 
 Trichosanthes kim-tor rik. 
 Trickling down pd-hryu-ld [hryu]. 
 Trident sii/i-hlyo a-tyak sam nyim-ho. 
 Trim pap. 
 Tripod *ca-gyup. 
 Tripoli Idii-bu. 
 Triticum kd-cer. 
 
 Triumph over niim-tsiim mat [tmm]. 
 Trochalopteron td-mol-fo. 
 Troglodytes nepalensis mUr-cok-fo. 
 Trogon see Harpactes. 
 Trophy *gyal-tsdn. 
 Trouble * par- cok; *par-ji; klek-lim;kd- 
 
 tak; dak; bin] ts'dm-hruk; niin-cd [cdj. 
 Troublesome nyil-ld nyil-ld; nydl-ld 
 
 nyol-ld; plyan-nd plyan-nd; a-hor. 
 Trough td-foii [fon]; "wo. 
 Troup dop; ndr. 
 Trowsers *to-mo. 
 
542 
 
 True — Tyranny 
 
 Udder — Underneath 
 
 True a-t'dn. 
 
 Truly fdn-nd; gd-pa; *nd-so. 
 
 Trumpet ko-hol. 
 
 Trunk (of tree) *tdn; a-bdn;*ndr; (box) 
 
 *rom. 
 Trust on a-mlem ndk; grdn. 
 Trusting *n' a. 
 Trustiness a-ndn. 
 Truth a-tdn. 
 
 Try dyul; ndk; *tok; pyet; fra/'i. 
 Tube td-fnl [ful]; a-gli; pd-Iup; bi-ro; 
 
 *ton. 
 Tuber a-dyut. 
 
 Tuesday Idn sd-dyak; *za mik-mar. 
 Tulcvar n. pr. tuk-vor. 
 Tumble down *til; over blan-ld tyel. 
 Tumour (sebaceous) a-fel. 
 Tumult col-ldt. 
 Tune a-sut. 
 Tupistra pur-fyok. 
 Turban fyak-pok; *u-fon. 
 Turbid pd (kd)-gok-ld [gok]. 
 Turbulent c6l; fyul fyul. 
 Turdulus zo-nun-fo. 
 Turkey lum-ddn hik. 
 Turkois '^dyu. 
 Turmeric mun-ga. 
 Turn vb. t. mar; to t. wood ArwA;; turned 
 
 kd-kal-ld [kal]; to t. head over heels 
 
 puvipd-li dak; to t. off (water) nydr; to 
 
 t. inside out fdyot hrydn; to t. over lyop; 
 lut; gol; to t. upside down van; to t. 
 here and there lyap; vb. n. to t. aside 
 gydm; fin; to t. towards waw; to t. out- 
 wards Jilyd; to be turned over glydn. 
 
 Turnip kd-nydn. 
 
 Turnix td-mdk. 
 
 Turpinia mdr-guk. 
 
 Turtur kd-ur-fo. 
 
 Tush! ja hd-ld; ja. 
 
 Tusk a-fo vik; a-vik. 
 
 Tussilago petasites pa-dii mn-kri. 
 
 Tutelar god *yi-d6m. 
 
 Tweezers mon-jdp. 
 
 Twelve kd-ti nydt tap. 
 
 Twenty Ka; kd-nydt. 
 
 Twice po nydt. 
 
 Twig a-ciir; (dry) a-gn. 
 
 Twilight so-mydr; (morning-) so/i fum. 
 
 Twinkle cin cin mat; mik tsani. 
 
 Twinkling cin cin; jin-nd jin-nd. 
 
 Twins tsop kvp; bydr kvp. 
 
 Twist mar; bri; je; nydk; Idyot; kar; 
 bryek or bryok je. 
 
 Twisted to be kyap; IH; net; nal; pdr. 
 
 Twisting a-je; md-mar. 
 
 Two nydt; nyi; you two nyijp. Beenyup. 
 
 Tyrannize ?irik; com ; * bon-ci mat ; nan. 
 
 Tyranny jop-ldt; com-lat; "bo/i-ci. 
 
 u 
 
 Udder jut [ju] ; nyenpum; nyenpot; Tbr. : 
 
 kvr-sdk. 
 Ulcer nyom; fren; go yo; pa go; td-gyo; 
 
 td-lim [Mm]. 
 Umbrella *du ; tree of u. a-kuii ; stretchers 
 
 of u. hrop. 
 Unable md-ld-ne. 
 Unadorned kij a-hdn-ld [hdnj ; kua-gldn- 
 
 Id [gldn] ; pun-Mot [klotj. 
 Unanimous krut com; jo jo; a-lut dok-bo. 
 Unattractive kun-hdn-ld [hdnJ. 
 Unbalanced to be liu. 
 Uncertain to be nydn; sec hd; -pu. 
 
 Uncivilized bra. 
 
 Uncle (maternal) a-j6v; (paternal) 
 
 a-ku. 
 Unclean kd-kyu-ld [kyu]; a-kn'p. 
 Uncoil fot. 
 Uncommon *kdn. 
 Uncover lut. 
 Unctuous to be hlya 
 Undecided a-not; a-Iiyoi). 
 Under myil-ld; sd-gram; *wok. 
 Undergarment td-li. 
 Undermine ham; ram. 
 Underneath ni-gram-ka. 
 
Understand — Unroll 
 
 Uusatiated — Uvula 
 
 )43 
 
 Understand tyak; tyo; pyo; '*to; '*ko; 
 
 *nyin kun. 
 Understanding a-lut\ *^e-ra-p; *tu-rik. 
 Undertake nu; *]cdk bu. 
 Underwood; free fr. u. tun-sdn [sdn]. 
 Undistincly fd-vii fd-vo-ld [w]. 
 Undisturbed tur-fyan [fyan]. 
 Undiverted nap-Id. 
 Undulate vyok. 
 Unemployed par-to. 
 Uneven bra-pd bro-pd; a-brop; a-plen; 
 
 hap-pd hap-pd; kdn-t'yeti; kd-kydr-bo 
 
 [kar]. 
 Unexpected sd-lyon [lyon]. 
 Unfairly lih-ld. 
 Unfletched hd-dydk. 
 Unfinished a-no; a-ju; te be left u 
 
 myo; pyon. 
 Unfixed to become mun. 
 Unfortunate tu. 
 
 Ungrateful ^i'^aw; vom-sd to-nun ddk-ho. 
 Unhappy to be a-lilt-ka sak-ddk; *kyo. 
 Unhealthy ddk-ydm-bo. 
 Unhook flydn. 
 Uniformly *nyom-ld. 
 Uniformity kd-nyoin (4a.). 
 Union a-byok. 
 Unison prd; '*for-dok. 
 Unite bri; kryom; nyir; cin mat; together 
 
 prut-td prat-td sok to. 
 United num'Vom [v6m] ; bye-lun don; tsop. 
 Unitedly kop-ld. 
 Unity prd. 
 
 Universe siik dum; fdt td-Ujaii; fyon. 
 Unlade bii fyul. 
 Unless md gdn nd gdh. 
 Unlucky kin-tsum md-nyin-num-ho ; Idn- 
 
 sam-bo. 
 Unmanageable a-jil. 
 Unmo derate tsdt md-nyin-ne. 
 Unpleasant sop-pd sop-pd. 
 Unpolished tot-ld; pur (pd)-tot-la. 
 Unprocurable to be *kdn. 
 Unquenchable gop-pd gop-pd. 
 Unripe a-ju; (marwa) a-nor. 
 Unrivalled kum-dun md-dok-ne. 
 Unroll fdt. 
 
 Unsatiated sak-lyiim. 
 Unsensitiveness kam-md kam-vid. 
 Unsettled hral-ld hrol [hrol]. 
 Unsteady lak-kd lok-kd [lok] ; blii- 
 
 bla - Id. 
 Unsubstancial blydk; blyok. 
 Untie 6t. 
 Until mat, tet; see md — nd pa-ka; md 
 
 — nd let. 
 Unto -lyan-ka. 
 Unvcilling cer; sdr; gydt. 
 Unyielding gul-ld gul-ld; kron. 
 Up pldn; ta etc. q. v. 
 Up here a-fu. Up and down kryom 
 
 kryom; gdn gdn; gor-rd gor-rd; hap-pd 
 
 hap-pd. 
 Uplifted to be glydn. 
 Upon a-pldn-ka; -ka. 
 Upper a-tun; a-ton; tul; *gon. 
 Upper part a-bu. 
 Upper garment *zdn. 
 Upright (erect) kd-klal-ld [Hal]; den; 
 
 fydr rd fydr-rd; (honest) a-nan; kum- 
 
 yo-nyim-bo [yo]. 
 Uproar col-lu; col-ldt. 
 Upside down kdl-ld kdl-ld. 
 Upstart, to be an u. bdr-luil pld. 
 Up up a run-fun-fo. 
 Upwards tul; tal-ld [ta]. 
 Urge ku; ndk; gdr; on hlydt-ld li. 
 Urgent ci-wun-sd. 
 Urine jit. 
 
 Urinary bladder jit-sim-pum. 
 Urocissa te-nen juk rin-fo ; pya ju riii-fo. 
 Urticaceae td-gla. 
 Use pon-ld mat; dyok-ka tap. 
 Used, to be jdl. 
 Useful a-jam-nyim-bo [jam] ; tdn-nyhn-bo; 
 
 to be u. * pan-to. 
 Useless a-jam md-nyin-num-bo ; nrom-bo\ 
 
 md-nun-ne; pa-td; ti; til Id-sd. 
 Utensils *ca; *ce; *cd. 
 Uterus td-bdk [bdkj. 
 Utility *pan, *pan-to; ''Mo. 
 Utter pa. 
 Utterly pdk-kd. 
 Uvula kul-cd; li-cd. 
 
544 
 
 Vaccinate — Veiieral 
 
 Veiiery — Violate 
 
 Vaccinate 111671 kijok. 
 Vaccination, see lyek. 
 Vagina *td; *tu. 
 Vagrant *ri-bo tci-bo. 
 Vague mron-na mron-nd. 
 Vain pa-td; *tdn met; tii-ld-sd. 
 Vainly tilld. 
 
 Valeriana tun-iit rik [sitj. 
 Valley hlo gijop; dan (see sur-no), num- 
 hren [Wen]; inhabitant of the v. cul-ld- 
 mo ; cun-bam-bo. 
 Valorous bon-tim-bo. 
 Valuable thing see mik; Yftluables ;jtm- 
 
 dor. 
 Value far, a-far; sep "non. 
 Vampire vi fdn-bo; Vampirism jop-ldt. 
 Vanellus cristatns 'tso-ja. 
 Vanish_9a/; sd-gdl-ldnon; vanishing %a/- 
 
 Id; gydl-ld. 
 Vanity *gan-t6n; nam-jot; nam-ydr; a-ldn 
 
 [Idn]; vanities t'am-pa-td-pdn (2116.). 
 Vanquish *gye; nyo-sor; Tbr. : tydl. 
 Vanquished *pam non. 
 Vap our td-lim, td-lyiim, [Um] ; a- sum [sum,]. 
 Variegated ki-lim ki-nok; tvk-kd tak-kd; 
 
 piir-tak [tak]; pd-biit-ld [brit]. 
 Variety a-s6r. 
 Various a-dti a-ld [du]; t'il-Id fyol Idffil]; 
 
 kum-dun kum-dun. 
 Vary pat. 
 Vassal '*na-wok. 
 Vast siin-vo. 
 
 Vegetables a-bi; fam bi; favi-fon [foil]; 
 a-nyol; see kd-hlen bi; kd hlyon rik bi; 
 kd-hlu rik bi; kiin-ra bi; kiin-lo bi: kiiii- 
 lyiim hi; kiin-tdn; kiin-sel; cdk-li bi. 
 Vegetate p6t. 
 
 Vegetation of stagnant water Id-dyiim. 
 Vehemence gdt-tHA. 
 Vehicle a-bun; bun-mvi-bo; so-ldt; kun- 
 
 on; *cip. 
 Vein (of the body) a-so; *tsd; a-tso. 
 Velvetly niim-md niim-md. 
 Veneral ulcettd-gyo dak, sUngimun zdk. 
 
 Venery a-mat a-h'm. 
 
 Vengeance *pok-dok. 
 
 Venilia pyrrhotis fin-fo. 
 
 Ventricle of stomach cot. 
 
 Ventricose riim-rdm-ld [romj. 
 
 Venture nu; td. 
 
 A^erandah li td-lyon. 
 
 Verdigris soii dyo. 
 
 Verily dal-ld [da]; go-pa; fdii-nd; fd/i 
 
 a-yan. 
 Verruca *jel. 
 
 Versatile Mk-kd lok-kd [lokj. 
 Versed, to be v. in mya; viyon. 
 Vertical fyak dain a-nan. 
 Vertically dyiin-ld. 
 Very nam ndm ; ndm-md ; bo-la ft; *co; *cok. 
 Vessel (receptacle) ra?i-^d ; dotl; pd-tek; 
 
 a-nyol; fyu; a-pUm; *li'yo; (bamboo-) 
 
 pd-dam; tvn-gyen;{iov ghi)toA; (anatom.) 
 
 a-so; (ship) nd-var. 
 Vetch sd-lyan. 
 
 Vex *cd; ji; pi/r-cok mat (4066.); nydl. 
 Vexation sak pHr-ji [ji] ; sak pur-cok; 
 
 sak pHt-cu; nyol-ldt. 
 Vexed to be sak dak. 
 Vibrate tyU; jin-ndjin-nd tyii; va (vat); 
 
 nydk; nydh. 
 Vibrating liyon hyon; fyixn fyiin. 
 Viburnum sd-mo muk. 
 Vicissitude *ri; n ko. 
 Vicious pHr-bat [bat]. 
 Victory a-gye a-fu [*gyej. 
 Vie pyet. 
 
 View ndk-lyan; a-mik; cin-ituii. 
 Vigour *ro'it; *nor; *nar; *cet; to be in 
 
 V. fU; a-myam a-flirn mat; lyek; to obtain 
 
 V. fran. 
 Village li brom; li bron; likyon; ''kron. 
 Villain fydn mun. 
 Vindication *^oA c?oA. 
 Vine tim-rot; *gun-sin. 
 Vin ega.r fam-cor. 
 Violate fon-de mat; nd; *dn ci {bdn-ct) 
 
 mat; cet tap. 
 
Violence — Vulva 
 
 Violence *4n (bdn)-ci. 
 
 Violent hdt-td hdt-fd; tsu tsa-nyhii-ho ; 
 
 fsuk-kd cek-kd, Tiolently *sd-tdn. 
 Violin *py6n. 
 Virgin num-lyen a-fc'on; dom tiidn (or 
 
 tson); *co hrim-bo; virginity see kmji- 
 
 bo Tbr. 
 Virtue kiim-ba; kilm-yo kum-ba; *bdn; 
 
 *kra-si; *ge-w6; *ku-cdt. 
 Virtuous tun-tson; tok-bo; a-tok; *kra- 
 
 sim-bo. 
 Visage mlem-sdn. 
 Vis-a-vis a-mlem tydr-ld; dop-ld. 
 Viscid to be kyon. 
 
 Visible sim fak; to be v. a-mik-nun tak. 
 Vision ''mik-da; "mik-non. 
 Visit ndk; nun; tsdk; tsum lat. 
 Visitor fsum-lat-bo [tsu]. 
 
 Wading — Water 
 
 545 
 
 Vital power md-rmn md-fok. 
 
 Vitiated pd-byop-ld. 
 
 Vitis carnosa tuk-bli; Y . lauata. mik hi'u7i 
 
 rik; Vitis tiin-rot. 
 Vituperation num-fan; cir-riin-sd rin. 
 Vivaciously biip-pd byep-pd [byep]. 
 Viverra zibetha *sd-fydn. 
 Vivia innominata cim-fo. 
 Voice a-nyilm; a-nydm; to lose v. cuj}. 
 Void ben; *ton. 
 Volley nyin-rip. 
 Vomit mot; hlun; * Iram lok. 
 Vow * tam-tsuk. 
 Vowel a-kup. 
 Vulgar *pal-p6 
 Vulture gdt. 
 Vulva *td, *tu. 
 
 w 
 
 Wading nyiik-kd nyak-kd. 
 
 Waddling dyol-ld dydl-ld; sd-kdl sd-kdl. 
 
 Wag nyuk-kd nyak-kd Tnat. 
 
 Wages dyok 16; a-jiin; a-t'op; ^p'ok. 
 
 Wagging (head) nyak-kd; kid-ddt. 
 
 Wagtail see Motacilla. 
 
 Waist pdn. 
 
 Waistcloth td-li. 
 
 Wait fern; sd-nan; sd-fan; rdii. 
 
 Walk sun-mut sdk ; Mm; *cdn; to be able 
 
 to walk gran. 
 Wall *tsuk-po; tuk-pol (pol); *kyen, lower 
 
 part of outside-w. td-rel; to make walls 
 
 of h. gry6p. 
 Wallichia u. 
 Wallow mryul. 
 
 Walnut kol pot; inner skin of w. a-fok. 
 Wander about sa 16m. 
 Wane (moon) py6n; *nyer. 
 Want gat; ban (ban). 
 Wanting (a limb) /oV; Ur; to be w. cet. 
 Wanton num-hlot [hlotj. 
 War a-dyut; a-dyiit a-nut; fydn-dyut; 
 
 demon of w. a-dyvt-sd pd-hu; civil w. 
 
 nan-hruk; n6n-hruk. 
 
 Warbler see piim-Ut-fo. 
 
 Ward bro. 
 
 Warden, Warder mlo ran-bo. 
 
 Warm adj. d; a-d; a-dm; vb. /, to w. 
 
 one's self ati; to w. up lyam; warm 
 
 weather tur-mom (viom). 
 Warning in sleep hh. 
 Warp a-den [den]\ a-hry6n [hryon]; sd- 
 
 griip; vb. g6n. 
 Warrior dyut-bo; fydn; fyen; * mak mi. 
 Wart *jel. ' 
 Wash zut; 61; tu; tut; coil; *si>;towash 
 
 face fkt. 
 W asherman con bo. 
 Wasp td-lyd; td-lyo; td-lyam; sum-mydr. 
 Waste bu I6k mat; to waste away yum- 
 Wasted lok; wasted (day) (sd-dyak~) 
 
 ku-non. 
 Wasting nd-rii; mcn-ru [ru] . 
 Watch (space of time) tun. 
 Watch Yb.rdn; sun; ndk; bro; grun; gor. 
 Watchhouse lifrom; likun-krydnikrydr'i). 
 Watchmann rdn-bo. 
 Water un; un vy6n; da; *cu; "cap; *c6p; 
 
 w. of life see run- cum; w. upon the earth 
 
 35 
 
546 Waterfall — Welcome 
 
 Well — White-footed 
 
 mur-nyo [nyo], under earth td-lyd del; 
 
 to make w. jit; td-jit fydt Tbr.; mouth 
 
 to w. a-krik cum. 
 Waterfall un tuk-sdt; un gyun;kyon wo sun. 
 Waterfowl un tun-h'ip. 
 Water holder pd-gryen, po-gryen ; pd-dam ; 
 
 see hrydl. 
 Watermill *cu fok. 
 Watery to be ra; watery(food)sa-ra; ra ra. 
 Wattle hik kur-tyii. 
 Waye s num-hon (hon). 
 Waver *ts'om-tsom mat; not. 
 Wax "ha; vdt ha; sealing-wax *la-c6. 
 Way (road) a-lom; 16m dan; (manner) 
 
 -Zm; by or or in the way of lom-bar-ka; 
 
 this way a-lom; a-lem; that w. o-lom, 
 
 o-lem. 
 Wayward-child tur-cd tur-tdn kup. 
 We pron. ka-yu; kd-yu; ka; we two ka- 
 
 nyi {kd-nyi). 
 Weak dydl-bo; lydn-nd Lydn-nd; kd-gryo- 
 
 bo [gryoj; blum. [bluj; w. on legs tun- 
 
 9yop [gyop] ; w. like unto gruel tuk-tdk 
 
 nun-ndn; to be w. gdii; bydl [balj; hlu; 
 
 bon; gryan. 
 Wealth *noT; *gi-c6; "nor dik. 
 Wealthy *pyuk-bo; *nd-nyim-bo; kd-ka 
 
 nyim-bo. 
 Weaned to be nyen lyot. 
 Weapon *ca; kd-l6n. 
 Wear bii. 
 Wearied to be sak nu; sak jom; *nyil; 
 
 *tsd-ndn. 
 Weariness *wa. 
 
 Weather so, td-lyan so; see under sd-. 
 Weave vb. tok. See also sen; sor; hryon. 
 Web, spider's w. sdn. 
 Wedge zd. 
 Wednesday nyen sd-dyak; "za hlak-bo; 
 
 *za hlok-bo. 
 Weed vb. bdk. 
 Weeds muk; ju pron. 
 Week *dun hrok. 
 
 Weep prdm mat; hrydp, sot; niim tserThr. 
 Weigh vb. t. cik; son tek; p6k; hram. 
 Weight Jm; t6; a-cik; a certain w. see 
 
 a-hryo ; a w. of net a-p6t. 
 Welcome vb. a-mlem ndk. 
 
 Well s. tso-a. 
 
 Well adj. a-yan; fd-sd; to be w. sd; 
 
 "jom; it is well h go; lo dydn; krok-pa; 
 
 not well executed fldt-td flot-td; well 
 
 adv. ryu-ld; sak-di-ld; pyil-ld; very well 
 
 ho ho; tydn (or su-ld) md-dot-ne; well- 
 formed pul-tet-ld; pd-tet-ld [fet]. 
 Wen a-brop. 
 West tsuk-kydr{-kyer); tsuk tdtkon; tsuk 
 
 lop; sd-tsiik-kydr; *nup. 
 Wet a-sdl; a-sel [sdlj ; sur stir; jom. 
 Whack (sound) bak-ld grik. 
 What su; su go; su ydn; to; see sd-lo., 
 
 suk-sd-lom ; what is it su kd te; what 
 
 do you call it kd-su (kd-su). 
 Whatever su go-run; go-run; -pdn; wh. 
 
 it may be a-nom (nom'); wb. you get 
 
 kdk fop. 
 What sort of su-sd; su fam. 
 Wheat kd-cer; see kd-na kd-cer. 
 Wheedle bydn. 
 When -«a«, -sen; -sd; -sd fa; -sd tet-ka; 
 
 -ba\ -bi; gd/i; — sd-tisdn ye-ti'6n. 
 Whence sd-ba-ld-nun; sd-ba-nun. 
 Whenever sd-fa go-run. 
 Where sd-bon; sd-re-ba; -ba\ -bi; sd-ba; 
 
 sd-bi. 
 Wherefore su mat; su kdn-nun. 
 Whetstone lun-jek [lun-] ; Idn-jek [jekj. 
 Whether -pu; whether or not -pu md- 
 
 -pu; whether or go-Id go-Id. 
 Which pron. interr., rel. sd-re, to. 
 Whichever sd-re gdn-ld; sd-re go-run; 
 
 sd-re-ld. 
 Whiff see blon. 
 Whine in; dyen. 
 Whip vb. pyul; bit; s. *cdk. 
 Whirl fyuk fyuk mat. 
 Whirlpool un a-tydp {tydp); un tuk- 
 
 cdp (cdp). 
 Whirlwind sun-miit tHk-cdp. 
 Whiskers san. 
 
 Whisper *sdp; *mp; rin swp li. 
 Whistle bi bo mdt; td-hryiik mat (hryiik). 
 White a-dum [duj; on-iid oh-nd; a-fuk; 
 
 tun-dyan [dyan] ; wh. and black(a-)6oA!; 
 
 white (birds) tUm-hyor. 
 White-footed lak ka. 
 
White -wash — Winnow 
 
 Winter— Workman 
 
 547 
 
 White-wash sd-kon. 
 
 Whither sd-ba; sd-bi; sd-lem; sd-lon; sd- 
 
 lo-ld. 
 Whizzing fuk-kd fyuk-kd; fyuk-ld. 
 Who su; sd-re; to; whoever sa-re-Za; sd- 
 
 re- go-run; whosoever to go -run; to 
 
 gun-nd. 
 Whole a-klen a-lyok[klen]; a-gydm(gydm); 
 
 a-jam [jam]; svm-jam; tydn; a-blyot 
 
 [blydtj; mal; *thdn. 
 Wholly sUm-jam-ld etc see under whole; 
 
 kyol-ld. 
 Why interr. m mat; mydn; sd-lo; sd-lo 
 
 ydn; m kon-nun. 
 Wick * don-re, pem-bdr. 
 Wide a-vyor ; a-yon [* yon] ; jol jol ; pd- 
 
 brot-ld; fvn-van-bo [van]; kum-klydm-ld 
 
 [klom] ; bar; tvr-vok-ld [vok] ; to be w. 
 
 lyol; wide-mouthed Id-lyol-ld. 
 Widow mim, td-dyu mim; a-zor md-nyin- 
 
 mim-bo Tbr. 
 Widower td-gri mim. 
 Wife a-yu (yu). 
 Wightia gigantea bdp; W.tinctoria tvn- 
 
 sop kun. 
 Wild a-rd; a-jil; a-jvl; pd-z6k-sd; a-z6n; 
 
 a-yen; lyam-mun; demon of w. animals 
 
 dydn. 
 Will s. bot; sak-a-dim; *fu; *lo; *tdn; 
 
 vb. *tup; sak-di. 
 Willow ''con-bo kun. 
 Wind s. sun-mut; so mdt; so mut; siin- 
 
 mdt {mdt); sun-hip (413a.),- nop. 
 Wind vb. (cotton) I'a; tydm; vu; plan; 
 
 (string) myil. 
 Windfall a-fom [to]. 
 Winding kar-rd kydr-rd; ki-kyok, kdn-ki 
 
 kdn-kydk; kd-kyok-ld [kyokj ; to be w. 
 
 ndt; see byem. 
 Windmill *lun-Ic.or. 
 Window ser vyen; tun-su vyen [su]. 
 Windpipe a-s6m Urn. 
 Wine gun can, gun kyem; wine-bibber 
 
 ci dydt-nyim-bo, ci kun-fo din-bo \Sb. 
 Wing pd (piin-)ku. 
 Wink a-mik cin cin, a-mik-sd tsam 
 
 tsam mat. 
 Winnow kak; krop; see hyep; winnowing- 
 
 basket kram-bo; td-lyun ilyun); Tbr.: 
 
 niim-ldp-mo. 
 Winter so zdn fi. 
 Wipe *pyi. 
 Wire punjin; *ton-kut; to draw out into 
 
 w. yul. 
 Wisdom ydm-sim; (u rik; gyu-ydt. 
 Wish s. *dd-po; sak-cin; sak-a-dim. 
 Wish vb. dydt; det; *jdt; *tiip; gat. 
 Wit kmn-yd; kiim-yd kiim-si; kum-yd kimi- 
 
 ba (312 a.). 
 Witch su-mo muii; ba-mo. 
 Witchcraft tuk-sdm (sc'mi). 
 With -sd; along with dyep-ka. 
 Wither jep, sep. 
 
 Within sd-gdn; sd-gdii; a-byek-ka. 
 Without a- gun; gun; md-nyin-nmi-sd; 
 
 *met. 
 Witless tvk-nal [nalj. 
 W^itness dam-bu-bo. 
 Wizard mun-jiim [jum] ; jak tiik-Mm- 
 
 ydm-bo. 
 Woe rdn-no; kydn dydk-kd. 
 Wolf sd-tum; *can-gu. 
 Woman yu; td-dyv; td-uyu td-nyi; mit; 
 
 a gay w. num-ldp-^no Tbr. 
 Womb td-bdk (bdk); kup for; *pyu-mo. 
 Wonder a-lut lyop-non; 'yut-ci; yvt-si; 
 
 s. *tet-mo. 
 Wood (forest) pd-z6k [zok] ; (timber) san; 
 
 kun; kun Idn. 
 Wooden kun-sd. 
 
 Woodgrub nyun-bii; piir-nat-bii [nat]. 
 Woodlouse hryap-bu ; muii-nop. 
 Woodpecker see Chrysolaptes; Chryso- 
 
 phlegma, Blythipicus, Gecinus, Geci- 
 
 nulus; Pious; Micropternus. See also 
 
 *kar-vo. 
 Woof a-rol. 
 Wool a-myal; luk myal; *pe; woollen cloth 
 
 * nam-bu. 
 Word s. rin; *tmk; a-min; tarn; logos 
 
 sun Chr. 
 Work s. dyok, gydn, gan, gen, kd-lu; kd- 
 
 plok; *pye-wo. 
 yV or'k.yh.dyokmat; zuk; dyokzuk; zo ;prydk. 
 Workman zo-bo; dyok mat-bo; pun-dyok 
 
 [dyok]; mi lok-bo; Tbr.: a-nyok. 
 
548 Workmanship — Wrong 
 
 Yak— Yet 
 
 Workmanship kd-mdr (46.). 
 
 Workmaster '*zo-pun. 
 
 World lyan u/i; siik-dum; suk-dum lim- 
 
 min; suk-dvm luk (J,un)-min tarn. 
 Worm 6m, see fa-dun bit; td-rek bu; fat 
 
 tun-bum; td-lyan bu. 
 Wormeaten to be bnt-nunfa-non (258 b."); 
 
 hryap. 
 Worn piir-hdn (Jidn); gul-ld gul-ld; to 
 
 be w. ndl. 
 Worn out klok; kd-giil-bo [gul] ; gakgak- 
 
 bo; kd-kydr-bo [karj; piin-fok [fokj; fuk- 
 
 fyek-ld [fyek]; Ivn-lin-bo [linj ; to be w. 
 
 0. nu; to become w. o. pydl; myot. 
 Worse to become *ldt. 
 ^A^orship md. 
 
 Worth wd; *ri. See under -sd 5 (393«.). 
 Worthless tuk-blot-to [blvj. 
 Would see te. 
 Wound mo; ban 16m. 
 Wracked to be byep. 
 
 Wrangle pyop; cok; wrangling cal-ld 
 
 col-ld [col]. 
 Wrap round kap; pap; pa; dyok; ydn; 
 
 hor; to wrap up kyor [korj ; cdn; pydl; 
 
 preh; prdk; mul. 
 Wrath gon^-boyhre. 
 Wreath of jewels a-t'yak tok ts6. 
 Wren see Pnaepyga. 
 Wrestle a-kyom mat [kom]. 
 Wretched td-gdl tiik-dim [got]; kd-kydr- 
 bo [karJ ; kyon-bo; to be w. sen. 
 Wriggle kur-kar-rd tydm [kar]. 
 Wrist (a.-) kd tyam (4a). 
 Write pi; few; writing-apparatus jjz'-smot- 
 
 bo; nok-tsd nyo gu; writing and reading 
 
 lun-yuk. 
 Writhe kiir-kar-rd tydm [kar J; a-ndt 
 
 mat [ndt]. 
 Written pi-fovi-bo; see *yvk. 
 Wrong a-jdn, a-jen [jun]. 
 
 Xanthoxylum alatum siin-ru kuh; X. 
 acanthopodium tem-bdr. 
 
 Xiphoramphus superciliaris see kd- 
 hryok fo. 
 
 Yak *y6k. 
 
 Yam buk; see kd-tun; td-kup; tdn-dek; 
 tuk-zdk; fam-zok; pd-tun; bon fyak; sd- 
 ar t'yak; suk-piim; sun-grdn fya; sun- 
 tan fya; fruit ofy. tuk-brok [brok] ;'b\i[\) 
 of y. a-mut; piir-mut; root ofy. a-fum 
 [fu]; to dock y. frd; to dig f deep y. 
 fya dot; deeply rooted y. sun-nyon; short 
 end ofr. a-iial; small r. a-ti\ hard y. 
 grot; glan; Idn, hard !part of y. a-do a- 
 dak [do]. 
 
 Yard kd-tsdk. 
 
 Yarn, a single y. a-brdm [brd]. 
 
 Yawn horn. 
 
 Yea dk. 
 
 Year nam; *lo; nam tum (136a); yearly 
 nam nam,; last y. (nam) pd-uydn; td- 
 
 dydn; sd-dydn; new y. nam bu, nam 
 
 dl; next y. siim-bydt; new -grown this 
 
 y. a-bri. 
 Yearn (the bowels) hrak-kd hrok-kd li; 
 
 wek. 
 Yeast but; fam-bo; but-bo [bo 2J. 
 Yellow pd-dyor-bo [dyor] ; pale yellow 
 
 yd-yur-bo see nr; y. dye see jon 
 
 Yelp kin. 
 
 Yes d d; dk; *hla la-so; yes yes! hd; a; 
 
 yes so it is dk-kd ve-nd; dk-md; *la; 
 
 * la-so. 
 Yesterday so; td-so; pd-so; ca nap-mo; 
 
 *ddn, *ddn-jdk. 
 Yet ik-sdn-te; sdn-te; td; gdn-ld; -sen-Id; 
 
 -sen go-run; yet more ik da. 
 
Yokribong — Yuk-sam 
 
 Zanclostomus— Zoothera 549 
 
 Yokribong u. pr. ay ok ri ban. 
 Yonder pyil; pyil-ld; pyil-van [pi 2147; 
 
 pe; pydp; pyap. 
 You a-do; a-yu, you two a-nyi; yours 
 
 a-do-su; a-yu-sa see ho. 
 Young kup, a-kup; *joh, a-jon; a-rok; 
 
 td-grik (cfrik); (children) a-tydn; a-hyar; 
 
 (animals) kd-dydk; (birds, grains) a-jil; 
 
 niim-jil [jil] ; duk. 
 Youth (boy or young man) *jon-bo; fd- 
 
 lyen [lyenj ; young female num-lyen. 
 Yuhina gularis fd-ji fo; mun-grit; kiin- 
 
 ru con-ge fo. 
 Yuk-sam n. pr. yuk-sam. 
 
 Zanclostomus tristis suii-ku fo. Zephyr sd-fyum; piir-fyum [fyuvij. 
 
 Zea mays kun-tson. Zigzag kyar rd kyer-rd; ok-kd 6k-kd. 
 
 Zeal a-gat; fur-ldt; zeaiows gat-bo ; to be Zingiber squammosum sd-lyek mon. 
 
 z. *nyer; fiir; hryu. Zoothera monticola fd-nok kyok. 
 
Addenda et Corrigenda 651 
 
 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 
 
 Pag. 
 
 86, line 5 from bottom, read "Actinodaphne obovata". 
 15 a, line 9, read "thong". 
 
 13a, 1. 17 fr. bottom, insert "kak-cet s. pestilence Ex. 5, 3". 
 186, 1. 5, read "tiik-dum" instead of '■Huk-mo" . 
 24 a, 1. 1-2, read "ladle". 
 24 a, 1. 13, read "to hit with a stick". 
 
 27 a, 1. 22, read "ny6f instead of „/«*". 
 
 28 a, 1. 23, read "suk-kyor" instead of "suk-kyor". 
 
 30a, 1. 16 fr. bottom, read "Cascidae" instead of "Cassidae". 
 
 506, 1. 7 fr. bottom, read ^^gdn-nd gdn-nff\ 
 
 566, 1. 1 insert "go-Id s. a. market, a fair". 
 
 606, 1. 15 fr. bottom, read ^'■a-so". 
 
 70a, 1. 15 s. V. na-do, read 'Hun-brap" instead of "-tu/l-brain". 
 
 86 a, 1. 6 fr. bottom, read "seesaw". 
 
 90 a, 1. 5, read "blunder". 
 
 94a, last line, read '•'jar-ra jar-ra\ 
 
 996, 1. 11, read "middle-sized". 
 103 a, 1. 16, read "marsh". 
 1116, 1. 34/35, read "ricketty" (bis). 
 113a, 1. 22, read "Drymopus" instead of "Drymorpus". 
 117a, 1. 15, for "tuk-nom-sd td-gaK^ read '■Huk-nol-sd id-gak". 
 119a, 1. 14, for "■td-dt" read ^Hd-mdt" (i. q. tii-mdt q. v.). 
 130a, 1. 29, insert "tuk-dum-bo i. q. dan rup-nun-fo see riif-niin-fo 3366". 
 133a, 1. 28, read '■Hun-dyen instead of tun-dyen\ 
 1356, 1. 14 fr. bottom, for ^Hul-yarC^ read '■'tiil-van". 
 137 a, 1. 4 fr. bottom, for "tek-vam" read ^'tek-vak". 
 1416, I. 13/14, read „surety" (bis). 
 152 a, 1. 2 fr. bottom, read "interpret". 
 1586, 1. 15, after "s. n. of" insert "a plant". 
 
 172 a, ]. 19, read ''din Irak T. gden-Jcag s. malice, din liak-sd md-ro malicious, a m. man" 
 1866, 1. 22 fr. bottom, for '^md-sut-ne" read "md-sot-ne'" . 
 1916, 1. 33, read "stedfastness". 
 1976, 1. 5, insert "num-dm zo s. a spec, of zo q. v.". 
 216 a, 1. 14 fr. bottom, insert "put-k6 s. balm G. 43, 11". 
 217a, 1. 27 fr. bottom, read "cleft". 
 2196, 1. 16/17 fr. bottom, read "woollen" (bis). 
 222 a, 1. 10 fr. bottom, read "sham". 
 228 a, 1. 16, read "instalment". 
 2286, 1. 1, read "advbly". 
 
552 Addenda et Corrigenda 
 
 2336, 1. 17 fr. bottom, read pd-plyu-ld. 
 
 234a, 1. 6, 7, read "an heir" instead of "a h.", „a hermaphrodite instead of "an h.". 
 
 234:«, 1. IG fr. bottom, read "colic" instead of "cholic". 
 
 2416, 1. 17, read "fluttering". 
 
 245 a, 1. 6 fr. bottom, read "feel" instead of "feet". 
 
 264 a, 1. 20, read "expansive". 
 
 2686, 1. 17, read "ought". 
 
 272 a, 1. 17, 18, for Hra-la" read "brya-ld" (bis). 
 
 273 a, 1. 2 fr. bottom, read "bldn" instead of "bldn". 
 274a, 1. 13, read "unstead". 
 
 2746, 1. 17, read "6Z«" s. v. bldt. 
 2756, 1. 4 fr. bottom, read "preceding". 
 
 292 a, 1. 13, read ^^mun-fdn" instead of ^^mun-fi" . 
 
 293 a, 1. 15 fr. bottom, read "yuk-miin'". 
 
 2936, 1. 24, read "miir-cbk" instead of "mnr-cok"; scaly. 
 
 299 a, 1. 7 fr. bottom, for "asservate" read "asseverate". 
 
 300a, 1. 9, 10, fr. bottom, read "tawny". 
 
 3016, 1. 17 after a-mlem md-nyin-num-bo insert "a fish Tbr.". 
 
 3036, 1. 19, read "infectious". 
 
 3046, 1. 4, dele "see tser". 
 
 3146, 1. 23, read "a-zdn". 
 
 3156, 1. 18, for ''zaF read "aai". 
 
 3246, 1. 7. fr. bottom, read "■yut tet bo". 
 
 3286, 1. 14, read "slide down". 
 
 334a, 1. 16, read '■'■md-ro rip zdk". 
 
 337a, ]. 16, insert "Iho rum-nyo-fo s. a spec, crested tit, Conostoma oemodium Je 2, 10". 
 
 340a, 1. 7 fr. bottom, read "middle-sized". 
 
 350a, 1. 33, 38, read "sprout" (bis). 
 
 3526, 1. 19 fr. bottom, read "ingenious". 
 
 3596, 1. 24 read "Ion Kyd". 
 
 361a, 1. 18 fr. bottom, read "middle-sized". 
 
 362 a, 1. 16, read "Wm rel-ld-ka n6n'\ 
 
 369a, 1, 23, read '■Hun-hap ground floor". 
 
 370a, 1. 15 fr. bottom, read "foul" instead of "fowl". 
 
 372a, 1. 16 fr. bottom, read "floor". 
 
 372 a, 1. 23 read 'Hd-gri instead of "-fd-gn". 
 
 399 a, 1. 5 fr. bottom, read "sd-po-pd". 
 
 402 a, 1. 8 s. V. sd-han read "to breathe". 
 
 403 a, 1. 8 read "dam". 
 
 411a, 1.8 fr. bottom, read ''sun-ffa-Un". 
 
 415a, 1. 13 fr. bottom, read ''sum-su" instead of ''stimnit". 
 
 416a, 1. 23, insert *suk 4 T. gzigs{-pa) vb. to behold; see ""suk T. 
 
 4236, 1. 1, read '^mu jan sdl-ld'\ 
 
 436 a, 1. 5 fr. bottom, read "wdt-kw". 
 
 464 s. V. beat read buk. 
 
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