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 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE 
 WORDSWORTH COLLECTION 
 
 FOUNDED BY 
 CYNTHIA MORGAN ST. JOHN 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 VICTOR EMANUEL 
 
 OF THE CLASS OF 1919 
 
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 IV 
 
 
A GLOSSARY 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES OF FURNESS. 
 
A GLOSSARY 
 
 Words and Phrases of Furness 
 
 (north LANCASHIRE,) 
 
 With Illustrative Quotations, prijicipally 
 from the Old Northern Writers. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. P. MORRIS, F.A. S. L. 
 
 COER. MEM. ANTH. SOC. OP PARIS. 
 
 "Hytsemetha gret wondur hough Englysch that 
 ys the burth-tonge of Englyschemen and here oune 
 longage and tonge ys so dyvers of soun in this ylond." 
 • — Higderi s Polychronicon, trans, by John De Trevisa, 
 A. D. '1387. 
 
 LONDON: J. RUSSELL SMITH. 
 CARLISLE: GEO. COWARD. 
 
 MDCCCLXIX. 
 
TO 
 
 HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, 
 K.G., &c., &.C., 
 
 THESE PAGES ARE (bY PERMISSION) 
 
 RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
 
 BY HIS 
 
 OBLIGED AND HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In presenting the following pages as a 
 humble contribution to the literature of 
 Lancashire, it is far from the Author's in- 
 tention to assume to himself the mantle of 
 the philologist. The work, begun as an 
 amusement, has been carried on to its con- 
 clusion mainly for the purpose of rescuing 
 from oblivion a few of the good old forms of 
 speech which are now fast becoming obsolete ; 
 and also as a means whereby some of the 
 obscure phrases of our early English writers 
 
Vlll. 
 
 viii. 
 
 may possibly be elucidated. Take for in- 
 stance the following : — 
 
 " In heuene cometh no foolis to yeere.'''' 
 
 " Wenest thou with thin hond heuene to reche ? 
 Thin arme wole not be so longe to yeere.'''' 
 
 Both these passages occur in Hymns to the 
 Virgin and Christ, edited by Mr. Furnivall, 
 for the Early English Text Society, and are 
 thus doubtfully glossed : — " 1 A.S. yeare, cer- 
 tainly." But, ta-yeere is as commonly used in 
 Furness at the present time as it was by the 
 writer of the above lines in A.D. 1430, and 
 by Chaucer in A.D. 1380. Literally its 
 meaning is — this year ; and the same phrase 
 is also used metaphorically for a long time, or 
 never. 
 
 Although on the title page this work is 
 designated A Glossary of the Words and 
 Phrases of Furness. it is by no means intended 
 to imply that many of the words are not in 
 use elsewhere. Most of them, subiect to 
 
IX. 
 
 slight orthographical changes, are found in 
 all counties in which the great Northumbrian 
 dialect was once spoken; and others, es- 
 pecially those of Anglo-Saxon origin, are 
 found in widely separated parts of the 
 country. 
 
 In prosecuting his studies, and in the 
 preparation of this volume, many and varied 
 were the acts of kindness the Author received 
 at the hands of gentlemen interested in dia- 
 lectical and early English literature, chief 
 amongst whom he may mention — Edwin 
 Waugh, the " Lancashire Poet ; " the late 
 J. Harland ; the Rev. Geo. G. Perry, M. A., 
 editor of Morte Arthure; Albert Way, Esq., 
 M.A., editor of Promptorium Parvulorum; 
 Richard Morris, Esq., the eminent Chaucerian 
 scholar; and the Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A., 
 editor of Piers Plowman. 
 
 To the latter two gentlemen more especially 
 are his thanks due for the many valuable 
 
suggestions, corrections, and additions made 
 to the work 'as the sheets passed through the 
 press. 
 
 In conclusion, no one can be more con- 
 scious of his short-comings than the Author 
 himself; and notwithstanding every care has 
 been taken to exclude errors, many will no 
 doubt have unavoidably crept in; but in the 
 words of Richard RoUe De Hampole he 
 would say : — 
 
 " And if any man that es clerk, 
 Can fynde any errour in this werk, 
 I pray hym he do me that favour, 
 That he wille amende that errour ; 
 For if men may here any erroure se, 
 Or if any defaut in this tretice be, 
 I make here a protestacion, 
 That I wil stand til the coiTeccion 
 Of ilka rightwyse lered man, 
 That my defaut here correcte can." 
 
 22, Sandstone Road, 
 
 Old Swan, Liverpool. 
 
List of Abbreviations and Titles of Books 
 consulted or quoted. 
 
 A. S. Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 Celt. Celtic. 
 
 Cf. confer, compare. 
 
 Dan. Danish. 
 
 Du. Dutch. 
 
 Fr. French. 
 
 Gael. Gaelic. 
 
 Germ. German. 
 
 Icel. Icelandic. 
 
 Lat. Latin. 
 
 Moes. G, Moeso-Gothic, 
 
 N. Norse. 
 
 O. N. Old Norse. 
 
 O.E. Old English. 
 
 Sc. Scottish. 
 
 Su. G. Suio-Gothic, 
 
 Sw. Swedish, 
 
 W. Welsh. 
 
AUit. P. "Early English Alliterative Poems in the 
 West Midland Dialect (Lancashire) of the 14th 
 Cent." Edited by Richard Morris, Esq. (Early 
 English Text Society) 1864. This volume con- 
 tains three poems, which are quoted as A, B, C. 
 
 Cant. Tales. The Canterbury Tales of Geoffry 
 Chaucer. Edited by Thos. Wright, Esq., M.A. 
 (No date.) The numbering of the lines cor- 
 respond with Tyrwhitt's edition. 
 
 Hamp. Prose Treats. "English Prose Treatises of 
 Richard RoUe De Hampole (who Died A.D. 
 1349.)" Edited by the Rev. Geo. G. Perry, 
 M.A. (Early English Text Society, 1866.) 
 
 Hymns to Virg. & Christ "Hymns to the Virgin 
 and Christ, The Parliament of Devils, and other 
 Religious Poems." Edited by F. J. Fumivall, 
 M.A. (Early English Text Society, 1867.) 
 
 "Lancelot of the Laik : a Scottish Metrical 
 Romance about 1490 — 1500 A.D." Edited by 
 the Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. (Early English 
 Text Society, 1865.) 
 
 Morte Arthure. Edited, from Robert Thorn- 
 ton's M.S., by the Rev. Geo. G. Perry, M.A. 
 (Early English Text Society, 1865.) 
 
 Orth. & Con. Brit. Tongue. . Of the Orthographic 
 and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue. Edited by 
 H. B. Wheatley. (Early English Text Society, 
 1865.) 
 
p. of Consc. The Pricke of Conscience (stimulus 
 conscientige) : a Northumbrian Poem by Richard 
 RoUe De Hampole (circa 1345 A.D. ). Edited 
 for the Philological Society by Richard Morris, 
 Esq., 1863. 
 
 Piers. Plow. The Vision of William concerning 
 Piers Plowman, by William Langland. A.D. 
 1362. Edited, from the Vernon M.S., by the 
 Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. (Early English Text 
 Society, 1867.) 
 
 Pierce the Ploughman's Crede, (about 1394 
 A.D.) to which is appended God Spede the 
 Plough, (about 1 500 A.D.) Edited by the Rev. 
 W. W. Skeat, M.A. (Early English Text 
 Society, 1867.) 
 
 Pol. Rel. & Love P. Political, Religious, & Love 
 Poems. Edited by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. 
 (Early English Text Society, 1866.) 
 
 Rel. Ant. Reliquise Antiquse ; Scraps from Ancient 
 Manuscripts, Illustrating chiefly Early English 
 Literature, &c. Edited by Thos. Wright, Esq., 
 M.A., and Jas. Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. 
 2 vols. London, 1843. 
 
 Relig. Pieces. Religious Pieces in Prose and Verse. 
 Edited, from Robert Thornton's M. S. (circa 1440), 
 by the Rev. Geo. G. Perry, M.A. 
 
 Sp. E. Eng. Specimens of Early English, selected 
 from the chief EngUsh Authors, A.D. 1250 — 
 A.D, 1400. By R. Morris, Esq. Oxford, 1867. 
 
The Avow. K. Arth. Three Early English Metrical 
 Romances (about 1300 A.D.), containing "The 
 Anters of Arther at the Tarnewathelan," "Sir 
 Amadace," and "The Avowynge of King Arther, 
 Sir Gawan, Sir Kaye, and Sir Bawdewyn of 
 Bretan." Edited by John Robson, Esq. (Cam- 
 den Society, 1842.) 
 
 The Works of William Shakespeare ( Globe edition) 
 
 The Lonsdale Magazine. 3 vols. Kirkby Lons- 
 dale, 1820-2. 
 
 The North Lonsdale Magazine. Ulverstone, 
 1867. 
 
 The Lancashire Dialect, Illustrated in Two Lec- 
 tures by the Rev. W. GaskeU, M.A. London, 
 1854. 
 
 Cumb. Ball. The Songs and BaUads of Cumberland. 
 London, 1866. 
 
 Lane. Ball. Ballads and Songs of Lancashire, chiefly 
 older than the 19th Cent. By J. Harland. 
 London, 1865. 
 
 Tufts of Heather from the Northern Moors. By 
 Edwin Waugh. London (no date). 
 
 Sketches of Lancashire Life and Localities. By 
 Edwin Waugh. London, 1857. 
 
 Lancashire Songs. By Edwin Waugh. London, 
 1866. 
 
Alfred Staunton. By J. S. Bigg. London, 1858. 
 
 Shifting Scenes, and other Poems. By J. S. Bigg. 
 London, 1862. 
 
 The Nursery Rhymes of England. By J. O. 
 Halliwell. 5th edition. London (no date). 
 
 Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (Bohn's 
 edition.) London, 1845. 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. Specimens of the Westmorland 
 Dialect. Kendal, 1868. 
 
 Three Furness Dialect Stories : — " Siege o' 
 Brou'ton," "Lebby Beck Dobby," and "Inva- 
 sion o' U'ston. " Carlisle, 1868. 
 
 A Dictionary of the First or Oldest Words in the 
 English Language, from A.D. 1250 to 1300. By 
 the late Herbert Coleridge. London, 1863. 
 
 A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dic- 
 tionary. By the Rev. Joseph Bosworth, D.D., 
 &c. London, 1868. 
 
 An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Lan- 
 guage. By John Jamieson, D.D. Edinburgh, 
 1818. 
 
 Dialect of Banffshire, with a Glossary of Words 
 not in Jamieson' s Scottish Dictionary. By the 
 Rev. Walter Gregor. Philological Society, 1866. 
 
 Hall. A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words. 
 By J, O. Halliwell. 2 vols. London, 1865, 
 
Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English 
 Language. London, 1867. 
 
 A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect. By the 
 Rev. J. C. Atkinson. London, 1868. 
 
 A Short Handbook of Comparative Philology. 
 By Hyde Clarke, D.C.L. London, 1859. 
 
 Prompt. Parv. Promptorium Parvulorum Sive Cleri- 
 corum, Dictionarius Anglo-Latinus Princeps. 
 Circa 1440. Edited by Albert "Way, Esq., M. A. 
 (Camden Society, 1865.) 
 
 Dansk og Engelsk Haand-Lexicon af Christian 
 Friderich Bay. Copenhagen, 1824. 
 
 Tauchnitz' Pocket Dictionary of the English and 
 Dutch Languages. Leipsic. 
 
 French-English Dictionary. By Alfred Elwes. 
 London, i866. 
 
 Rask's Icelandic Granamar. By Dasent. London, 
 1843. 
 
 Tauchnitz' Pocket Dictionary of the EngUsh and 
 Swedish Languages. Leipsic, 1867. 
 
 Welsh and English Dictionary. By W. Owen 
 Pughe, D.C.L. London, 1836. 
 
A GLOSSARY 
 
 Furness Words & Phrases 
 
 A — ofj on; have 
 
 " Though I'd '« geen my silver watch 
 Just for ya single word." 
 
 y. S. Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 172. 
 
 Aa — owe I si. aa A.S. ah 
 
 Aamas — alms A.S. — cehnesse 
 
 The following quatrain is still remembered by some 
 of the old inhabitants of Furness, as the usual address 
 of beggars soliciting alms : — 
 
 ' ' Pity, pity paamas. 
 
 Pray give us aamas ; 
 
 Yan for Peter, two for Paul, 
 
 Three for God 'at meead us all." 
 
 Aan — own Su. G. egen O.E. awn 
 
 "Yan o' Slaff sons gat wedt, an' hed a son of his 
 aan. " — Lonsdale Magazine, vol. 2, p. 90. 
 
 Abide — endure A.S. abidmi 
 
 "Then is better to abyde the bur vmbestoundes. " 
 Alia. P. ed. Morris C.l. 7. 
 
 1 
 
Addle — earn "A.S. edlean, cedlemi — reward, 
 recompense. Addle would therefore signify to give 
 a reward or recompense ; to earn in a general sense." 
 — Morris. 
 
 "An' sell my daddy's corn an' hay, 
 An' addle my sixpence iwery day. " 
 
 Lane. Ball. p. 183. 
 
 Addle — rotten A.S. adl Addled-tgg^ — rotten 
 eggs ; addle-heekd is frequently used as a term of 
 contempt. 
 
 Adun — have done, be quiet In Old English, 
 
 a often occurs for kave in the imperative mood. 
 
 ' ' A mercy, madame, on this man here. " 
 
 William of Palerne, 978. 
 
 Afear'd — afraid A.S. af(zred 
 
 " He mas then vowes, and cryes on Crist, 
 For he is afered that he sal be peryst." 
 
 Pricke of Cottscience, ed. Morris, IL 2942-3. 
 
 Aisht — asked 
 
 " Gauan asskes. Is it soe ?" — Avow. K. Art., st. xxiv. 
 "Then the king asshed, Art thou wrothe?" — St. Ivii. 
 
 Aither — either A.S. cegther 
 
 " Chese on aitlier hand, 
 Whether the lever ware 
 Sinke or stille stand." 
 
 Sir Tristram, Hall. Diet. 
 
 Alang — along A.S. andlang Germ, ejttlang, 
 
 through the length of 
 
 " Thus past he alang many a weary mile. 
 In raine, and wet, and in foule mire." 
 
 The King and a poore Northern Man. 
 
Aid— old A.S. aid 
 
 " A wyser man may he be talde 
 Whether he be yhung or aide.'''' 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 213-4. 
 
 Aid Lant — stale urine, used for washing clothes 
 
 ' ' It wus nowt o'th' warld o God boh arron owd 
 Lant.'''' — Tim Bobbiit. Tummus and Meary. 
 
 Aid-wife hakes — yearly gatherings, or convivial 
 meetings, held about Christmas. Young and old of 
 both sexes attend, and the evening is spent in tea- 
 drinking, card-playing, and dancing. 
 
 Alder — older 
 
 " & ay the ofter, the alder they were." 
 
 Allit. P. ed. Morris A.l. 620. 
 
 Aldest — eldest 
 
 "Bott thenne the bolde Baltager, that watz his barn 
 
 aldest, 
 He watz stalled in his stud, & stabled the rengne." 
 
 Allit. P. B.l. 1333-4. 
 
 Amackly — in some form or fashion 
 
 Amang — among A.S. amang Isl. meng-a, to 
 mix 
 
 " He owt-toke me thare amang 
 Fra mi faas that war sa Strang. " 
 
 Psalm ■s.Vu. , v. 18., Sp. of E. Eng. 
 
 An' — a provincial curtailment of and 
 
 "It's nobbut this time last year, cum to-morn, 
 Sen me aw' Polly walk't to U'ston fair, 
 Across t' green fields aii down t' lang sunny looan, 
 A gud three mile an^ mair." 
 
 J. S. Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 171. 
 
 Angs — the beard of coarse barley 
 
An'ole — and all, also 
 
 Apple-Noddy-Day— April fool's day 
 
 ' ' Apple-noddy's past an' gone, 
 An' thou's a noddy for thinkin' on." 
 
 Local Rhyme. 
 
 Argie — dispute Lat. arguo F. arguer 
 
 Tourist : " It's a fine morning." 
 Rustic : ' ' Why, dud I say it wosn't ? dus'ta want 
 to argie? " 
 
 Ark — a large chest used for keeping meal and 
 
 flour. A. S. arc, or earc, a chest Su. G. ark 
 Lat. area Gael, arc 
 
 Arly — early A.S. (zrlice Moes. Goth, air 
 
 "and noght over arly to mete at gang, 
 ne fer to sit tharat over lang. " 
 
 M. S. Cott. Galba e. ix., f. 65, Hall. Diet. 
 
 Armenac — almanack 
 
 Arn — earn A.S. earnian 
 
 " Fore he wyll drynke more on a day. 
 Than thou cane lyghtly arne in twey. " 
 
 M. S. Ashnwle, Hall. Diet. 
 
 Arn'd — errand A.S. (zrend 
 
 " And sped hem into Spayne spacli in a while, 
 And to the kud King Alphouns kithed here arnd." 
 Will: of Palerne, 5287. 
 
 Arsle — fidget Belg. cerselen, to go backwards 
 
 "^ Arval — a funeral 
 
 The derivation of this word appears to be from A. S. 
 (zrfe, succession to property, and ealo, ale ; cf bridal 
 from the feast named bride-ale. Jamieson says — 
 "The term has evidently originated 'from the circum- 
 stance of an entertainment being given by one who 
 entered upon the possession of an inheritance. " 
 

Arval-bread — bread in the form' of cakes, 
 which each guest received at a funeral 
 
 Asks — water newts Gael, asc^ newt 
 
 " Arskes may be another form of O. E. eavroskes, 
 water-frogs; cf. lark, from O.E. laveroc." — Morris. 
 
 " And arskes and other wormes felle, 
 That I kan noht in Inglis telle. " 
 English Metrical Homilies, Sp. E. Eng., p. 156. 
 
 Ass — ashes M.oq?,. G. azgo Isl.aska h-.?).ahse, 
 ashes, a cinder 
 
 Assal-tooth — molar tooth Isl.jaxl; so called 
 
 from being placed near the axis of the jaw 
 
 Ass-cat — applied to a dirty child 
 
 At — that O.N. at, who, that 
 
 "Those at thou gees, at thi yate, 
 
 Quen thou art sette in thi sete." 
 
 TheAntersofArtheratthe Tarnewathelan, st. xiv., 1. 10. 
 
 At — to A.S. at 
 
 ' ' A thowsand yhere and na les. 
 
 Or it com at the erth, swa heghe it as." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 7733-4. 
 
 Attercob — a spider's web 
 
 Attercop — a spider; literally a poison-cup or 
 
 poison-head, from A.S. atior — poison, and coppa — 
 a cup or head 
 
 " Ac wat etestu, that thu ne lighe, 
 Bute attercoppe and fule vlighe. " 
 The Owl and the Nightingale, Sp. E. Eng., p. 29, 
 
 Au— all A.S. (zl 
 
 " Listeneth now to merlin's saw, 
 An' I woll tell to aw." 
 
 Hall. Diet. 
 
Aukert — awkward A.S. awoh O.E. awk, 
 wrong, and A. S. ward, direction 
 
 Back-end — latter part of the year; e.g. " I'se 
 gaen ta leeav me spot (situation) this back-end.'''' 
 
 Backston — an iron plate for baking upon 
 
 I eel. bakstjarn, a baking-iron 
 
 Badger — a vendor ; one who purchases butter, 
 
 eggs, etc., in country markets, for retailing in large 
 towns. Fr. bedour Low Lat bladarius, a com 
 dealer 
 
 Badly — sick, unwell 
 
 " I've been rayder badly and pain't i' my back." 
 
 Wm. Dickinson. Cumb. Ball. p. 528. 
 
 Bag-and-Baggage — all a person's goods 
 
 Bang — to strike ; to beat Sw. banka, to knock, 
 pummel 
 
 " If that I doe ever meete with your fewd foes, 
 Ise swear by this staffe that their hide I won bang." 
 The King a7id a poor Northerne Man. 
 
 Bang — to surpass 
 
 "We've ba^ig'd'Ca.Q French, aye, out an' out, 
 An' duin the thing complete." 
 
 Miss Gilpin. Cumb. Ballads, p. 62. 
 
 Bannock — a cake made of oatmeal, treacle, 
 
 and a little ginger Gael, bonnach 
 
 Barfut — bare-foot 
 
 ' ' In sumer ge habbeth leave barfot gan and sitten. " 
 The Ancren Riwle, Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 3. 
 
Bariham — a horse collar. Another form of 
 O.E. hamberwe. The hames are the two crooked 
 pieces of wood round a horse collar. The stuffing 
 of hay within was called the hamberwe, from hame 
 and the O.E. berwe, a protection. Thus bariham 
 means literally the stuffing protecting the hames. 
 See Hames in Wedgwood. 
 
 Barley-me — to bespeak ; a children's game. 
 The boys call out "Barley!" when they desire a 
 rest or pause in their game. " Fr. parlez, foi melez, 
 let us have a truce and blend our faith." — Jamieson. 
 
 Barn — child A.S. bearji Moes. G. iarn 
 
 "And was a big bold barn, and breme of his age." 
 Will: of Palerne, 1 8. 
 " This barn, he sed that thou has sene, 
 Is goddes son, wit-outen wene. " 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. , p. 143. 
 
 Barns-lakins — children's playthings A.S. — 
 
 Idcan, to play, sport 
 
 "In that also that thou sent us a hande-balle and 
 o\\\sx \>2.Ta&-laykay7its ." — M. S. Lincoln, Hall. Diet. 
 
 Barring-out — a school-boys' annual custom of 
 
 barring the school-room door during the master's 
 absence, when, before admitting him, he had to 
 promise a holiday. The door being secured, two 
 captains were elected ; generally the selection was 
 influenced by the position and circumstances of the 
 parents. Each captain then selected a clerk, who 
 entered the names of the boys as they were called to 
 their respective sides. The school was thus divided 
 into two parties, and the preliminaries were then 
 settled for a game at foot-ball on the holiday which 
 the master was sure to grant. (See Foote-bo. ) 
 
 Bash — shy, bashful, from abash 
 
 "Iwende no Bretouns walde bee basschede for so 
 lyttille." — Morte Arthure, 1. 2121. 
 
Bass — a species of perch (Perca Labrax) ; a 
 
 fish found very plentifully in the tarns, lakes, and 
 mill-races of Furness. Iohn Russell in his "feoke 
 of Niirture" says they must be served up with a 
 sauce made of cinnamon : — 
 " Baase, flownders, carpe, cheven, synamome ye ther 
 to sett." — The Babee^s Book, p. 174. 
 
 Basset! — a basin Fr. bassin 
 
 "Thagh it be bot a bassyn, a bolle, other a scole." 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 1 145. 
 
 Bat — a blow A.S. and Gael, bat, an imitation 
 
 of the sound of a blow- 
 Bat — -place or position; as "I wos varra weel 
 
 yesterda, but now I'se at t'ald bat again. " 
 
 Baum — balm Fr. baume 
 
 " Of herbes and tres, spring baiim ful gude, 
 And oyle and wyne for man's fude. " 
 
 P^'icke of Conscience, 1. 652. 
 
 Be-bo-buntin' — a nurser}^ rhyme 
 
 ' ' Be-bo-bunti7t' , daddy's gone a huntin', 
 To catch a rabbit for its skin, 
 To lap his bonny lile babby in." 
 
 Local Rhyme. 
 ' ' Auld Wulson doz'd as nought had been, 
 An' clwose by th' hudd sat gruntin' ; 
 Wheyle Mary Cairn, to Wulson' bairn 
 Was singin' be-bo-btmfm'.'" 
 
 Mark Lonsdale. Cunib. Ballads, p. 282. 
 
 Be— by A.S. be 
 
 " Sothely they sail joy now be in-gettynge of grace, 
 and in time to come be syghte of joy. " 
 
 Hampole's Prose Treatises, p. 4- 
 
 Beetle — a staff" with which clothes were for- 
 merly beetled or washed. A. S. bitl, beatan, to beat. 
 ' 'Batyledoure or wasshynge betylle. " — Prompt Parv. 
 
Beetlin'-steean — the stone upon which clothes 
 
 were beetled. A few years ago a large boulder 
 stood by the side of the well at the corner of Well 
 Street, Ulverston, it was then called the ^' Beetlin- 
 steedn." Some years before that, the same stone 
 was in the wool market at the foot of Soutergate, 
 and was known as the " Woo'-stee&.n. 
 
 Beean — bone A.S. ban 
 
 Beeany-prick — the stickle-back 
 
 Beck — a stream Germ, bach A.S. becc Teut. beke 
 
 "The brooks, the becks, the rills, the rivulets." 
 
 Drayton. 
 " Humpty Dumpty lay in a beck 
 With all his sinews round his neck. 
 
 HalliweWs Nursery Rhymes. 
 
 Beck-bibby, or Watter Craa — the Dipper, or 
 Water Ouzel. ( Cinclus aquaticus. ) 
 
 Beeas — cattle ; the north plural form of beast 
 
 Beggar-inkle — a coarse narrow tape; the looms 
 
 by which it was manufactured being so small and 
 compact that a large number could be placed in one 
 room, hence the phrase "as thick as m/^Z? weavers ; " 
 i.e. particularly intimate. 
 
 Be-gock ! — a rustic oath. " Thou can't loup 
 
 that dyke, can t'e?" "Yes, begock! I can." 
 
 Belder or Beller — to cry A.S. bellan, to 
 
 bellow 
 
 " 'Hod thy noise, thoo bellerin^ coaf, an' hear what 
 I've to say,' says t' fadder, as he gat oot o' patience at 
 Wiff's gowlin'." — Author of Joe and the Geologist. 
 Tales and Rhymes, p. 30. 
 
Belkin — belching A.S. bealcan O.E. 
 
 bolke,boke — great. \cQ\..bulka — to swell; e.g. "belkin 
 full," "a belkin fellow." 
 
 Bene's — this is now generally understood to 
 
 mean the hands. Nurses say to children — 
 " Clap bene's for daddy to cum, 
 An' bring lile babby a ceik an' a bun." 
 
 The meaning is evidently corrupted from the A. S. 
 ben — prayer — "clasp your hands and pray," &c. 
 
 See Hall. Diet. 
 
 Bessy — the Yellow Hammer, Yellow Yeorling 
 
 ( Emheriza citrinella.) 
 
 Bete — amend ; now generally applied to the 
 
 fire, as "Bete t' fire." A.S. betan 
 
 " Quyl I fete sum quat fat thou the fyr bete." 
 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 627. 
 " Wheyle to beet on the elden." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ballads, p. 221. 
 
 Bezzler — anything very great 
 
 Biddy — a louse cp. bott, a belly-worm ; hoads, 
 
 maggots 
 
 "Bowde, malte-worm." — Prompt Parv. 
 Bigan — begun 
 
 ' ' Cherubin wit chere sa milde, 
 Bigan to tel him o that child. " 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng., p. 143. 
 
 Bigg — barley I si. bygg Dan. byg 
 
 " An' southy crops o' beans an' bigg." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ballads, p. 221. 
 
^fe^y^y^— >^ 
 
 tt^Wvw- .(fV» 
 
 ^^A,*ZsJj-*.K^^ 
 
 
 
 J^^^,-^,,^,^ — OtrtrtC ltr1^UC^\ ^td%] UoaUZUJ, 
 
Blaw — blow A.S, Mcewan 
 
 " That the beme that blaw sal on domsday, 
 Sounes in myn eres, that thus says ay 
 Ryse yhe that er dede, and come 
 Un-to the grete dredful dome." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 4678-80. 
 
 Blea — livid from cold Fries, bla O.H. Germ. 
 blao Dan. llaa, blue, livid 
 
 Bleb — a raised spot, or blister, on the skin 
 — Scotch bleb, a drop of water 
 
 Bledder — ^bladder A.S. bltzdre 
 
 " With a face as faf as a full bledder, 
 Blowen bretfuU of breth' & as a bagge honged." 
 Pierce the Ploughmaiis Crede, ed. Skeat, 11. 222-3. 
 
 Blether — nonsense Sw. bladra, to babble 
 Scotch — blether, blather, bladder 
 
 Blobber — a bubble See Bleb. 
 
 "Blobure, blobyr, Burbalium." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Bob-yak-day — Royal oak day, May 29th 
 
 Boggert — a ghost W. hwg, a hobgoblin 
 
 Bogie — a small hand-cart of a skeleton con- 
 struction, used for various purposes 
 
 Boon-Ploo' — a custom of very frequent oc- 
 currence in Furness, when all the farmers of the 
 neighbourhood on certain occasions make a boon, or 
 gift for the day of a man with horses and plough to 
 one of their neighbours. These are distributed over 
 the farm, and if it is not a large one, most of the 
 land is ploughed before night, which ends in jollity, 
 the recipient finding entertainment for all. 
 
Boose — a stall for a cow A.S. bosig 
 
 Borrans — rough craggy places with huge boul- 
 ders lying about, to which foxes run for security 
 when hard pressed. A.S. beo7'g, beorh, a hill or 
 place of safety. Germ, beorga^i, to protect or shelter. 
 Cf. Eng. borough, and burrow 
 
 Bor-tree — the Elder tree 
 
 Box — a blow Dan. iask^ a sounding blow 
 
 "And with his burly che brande a box he hyme 
 reches." — Morte Arthure, 1. II il. 
 
 Bracken— fern Sw. brdken 
 
 " As best, byte on the bent of braken & erbes." 
 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 1675. 
 
 Brackin- clock — a small beetle 
 
 Brak — broke Isl. hraak A.S. brcec 
 
 ' ' And he takynge seuene looues, and doyng thank- 
 ynyes, brak, and gaf to his disciples." 
 
 The Gospel of St. Mark (Wy cliff is) c. viii., v. 6. 
 
 Bran-new — quite new. " Sist'a, min, I've 
 
 gitten a par o' bran-nerw clogs on to-day." 
 
 Brant — steep ; any place difficult of ascent is 
 
 said to be "varra brant." "Sw. brant, steep; en 
 brant klippa, a steep rock." — Janiieson. 
 
 Brash — rash A.S. bercesen, to rush upon 
 Brast — burst A.S. berstan pt. t. bcerst 
 
 " And of the scourges alswa that brast his hyde. 
 That the blode ran doun, on ilk syde." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, A. D. 1 340. 
 
13 
 
 Brat — acoarse coveringfor the dress A.S. bratt^ 
 cloak, clout W. brat, a clout, pinafore 
 
 Bray — to beat, pound Fr. broyer 
 
 Brek — break Goth, brikan Fries, brekke 
 
 " Bot at the last thai sal brek out 
 And destroy many landes obout. " 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 4465. 
 
 Breer — briar A.S. brer 
 
 ' ' Red as rose off here colour, 
 As bryght as blosme on brere.'''' 
 The Romance of Athelston, Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 76. 
 
 Brickie — brittle 
 
 " But being fair and brickie likest glass did seem." 
 Spencer'' s Fairy Queen, B. iv. , c. x. 
 
 Brig — bridge Su. G. brygga A.S. bricg 
 
 "At Trompyngtoun, nat fer fro Cantebrigge, 
 Ther goth a brook, and over that a brigge. " 
 
 Ch. Canterbury Tales, 1. 3920. 
 
 Brock — ^badger A.S. broc 
 
 "Nea mair i' th' nights thro' woods he leads, 
 To treace the wand'ring brock." 
 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 8. 
 
 ' ' With hart ant hynd, do ant bokke. 
 Hare ant foxe, catt ant brocke." 
 A Charter of Edward II., Rel. Ant, v. I, p. 168. 
 
 "And go hunte hardiliche" to hares and to foxes, 
 To bores and to brockes- that breketh adown mynne 
 hegges." 
 Piers Plowman, ed. Skeat, Text B, Pass, vi., 1. 30. 
 
14 
 
 Brog— a bough A.S. bog O. E. bogh 
 
 " Unnethes he had this word spoken, 
 An angel com, a bogh was broken." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng., p. I37- 
 
 "But ye men-fo'k er sic buzzards, if ye sa a brog 
 on t' sand ye wod think it wos t' French. I've nea 
 patience wi' sic daffy's." — Sieged Brou'ton, p. 6. 
 
 Brong — brought, gave 
 
 " Ned Wulson hrong his lug a whang." 
 
 Ajiderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 301. 
 
 Brossen — burst O.H. Germ, brestan A.S. 
 
 herstan 
 
 Brown-leeraers See Leemers 
 
 Buck't-up — dressed up in the best style. 
 
 Germ, hutz "How fine lile Tommy is to-day!" 
 "Ey ! he's parlish grand when he's o' iicck't up in 
 his Sunday cleeas. " 
 
 Built up — to be elevated with false hopes 
 
 Bull-jumpings, or beastings — the first milk 
 
 given after calving, which when boiled forms a 
 custard-like mass, and is then called "Bull-jump- 
 ings." 
 
 Bullyrag — to use harsh language "cp. bully- 
 , rook, a hectoring, boisterous fellow." — Bailey. Sw.. 
 duller, noise 
 
 Bummel-bee — the Humble Bee Isl. buml — 
 
 resounding 
 
 Bung-grog — the washings of spirit casks 
 
 But-an-splic — a game played with pins upon 
 a hat, formerly very common in Furness ; cf. Jamie- 
 son in V Pap — the Bonnet 
 

 (f:2oiiX c-^V-^' 
 
 
15 
 
 Butter-shag — a slice of bread and butter 
 Byre — cow-house W. bwr^ an enclosure 
 Caad— cold (See Cald) 
 
 Caakers — iron rims placed on the under side 
 
 of clogs (wooden soled shoes) 
 
 Cabbish — cabbage Fr. caiouche 
 
 Caff — chaff A.S. ceaf Du. kaf Flem. kaf 
 
 " For als fyre that caff son may bryn 
 Gold may melt that es lang thar-in." 
 
 Fricke of Conscience, ed. Morris, 11. 3148-9. 
 
 Caffel — entangle A.S. ccefli O.E. kevel, a gag 
 Norse kievla, to gag O. N. kejii, a peg 
 
 Caimt — crooked, bad tempered W. cam — 
 
 crooked 
 
 Cald — cold A.S.ca/d Moes. G.kalds Isl.ka/dr 
 
 "And I fand Jhesu wery in the way, turment with 
 hungre, thrist, and cald." 
 
 Hampole^s Prose Treatises, p. 5- 
 
 Calder — colder 
 
 "Thy corse in clot mot calder kene." 
 
 Allit. P. A. 1. 320. 
 
 Cample — to retort, contend Germ, kampehi., 
 to debate, dispute A. S. camp, fight 
 
 Capper — to do what another cannot, is to 
 "Set him a capper." 
 " Canny auld Cummerlan' caps them aw still." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ballads, p, 353. 
 
i6 
 
 Carpin — speaking Lat. carpere 
 
 " Ane es ryghte sayeyng and carpyng of the wordes."' 
 Dan Jon Gaytryges Sermon, p. 7. 
 
 Catty — a game played with a small piece of 
 
 pointed wood, a ball, or stone W. cht — a small 
 piece 
 
 Chaffs — ^jaw bones Su. G. kiaefts A.S. ceajl, 
 
 Jaw, snout Dan. kiceft 
 
 " At time when nought but teeth was gaun, 
 An' aw by th' chafts was tether't." 
 
 Mark Lonsdale. Cumb. Ballads, p. 239. 
 
 Chammerly — urine; chamber-/y^ See Aid 
 
 Lant 
 
 Chance-barn — an illegitimate child 
 
 Chang — noisy talk 
 
 Chappel-i-laa — a mode of punishment formerly 
 
 ■,resorted to by the boys of Fumess, for pulling hazel 
 nuts before they were ripe. It was conducted in 
 this manner — The boys di\'iding themselves into two 
 rows, laid themselves down with their feet together, 
 the culprit was then made to run the gauntlet 
 amongst their legs, when each boy, as opportunity 
 presented itself, saluted him with a kick. 
 
 Chass — to hurry, same as chase; originally, to 
 
 drive 
 
 Chatter-Basket — a name applied to a talkative 
 child — "Thou's a fair lile chatter-basket, that ist'a." 
 
 Chepster — the Starling, (Sturmcs vulgaris) 
 
 Chig — to chew 
 
17 
 
 Childer — children A.S. cildra, cildru 
 
 "Thay ere lyke vnto the childir ik\z!i rynnes aftere 
 buttyrflyes." — Hampolis Prose Treatises, p. 39. 
 
 ' ' Tharfor maysters som tyme nses the wand, 
 That has childer to lere undir thair hand." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, ed. Morris, 11. 5880-1. 
 
 Chip — to trip a person up ; a term used in 
 
 the wrestling ring. Sw. D. kippa, to totter, be un- 
 steady 
 
 Chitter — to talk quickly, chatter 
 
 ' ' As eny swalwe chiterynge on a heme. " 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 3258. 
 
 Chitty — a cat ; also the wren commonly called 
 
 ' ' chitty- wer- wren. " 
 
 Chock-full — full to the brim, full to choking 
 
 " Charottez chokkefulle chargyde with golde." 
 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1552. 
 
 Chops — ^jaws 
 
 i 
 
 Chow — chew O.E. chaw 
 
 "Deavie, Deavie, corly pow, 
 First a bite an' then a chow." 
 
 Old Local Rhyme. 
 
 Churn — a Daffodil; children separate the 
 
 corolla from the stem bearing the pistil, and working 
 it up and down with a churning motion repeat the 
 following rhyme — 
 
 " Churn, churji chop, 
 
 Butter cum ta t' top." 
 
 Claa — claw A.S. clea O.E. cle 
 
 Claak — to catch hold of, clutch h..^. gelcBccan 
 O.E. cloke, a claw 
 
 2 
 
Claaty-Molly— a dirty, slovenly woman. See 
 Clag and Clarty 
 
 Clack— to chatter F. claqiter 
 
 " Thar-mid thu clackest oft and longe, 
 And that is on of thine songe." 
 The Owl and the Nightingale, Sp. E. Eng., p. 22. 
 
 Clag— to adhere I'iX.kleggi Dan. >^/<:s^— sticky 
 
 Clam— to clag up, to dry up. cf. clammy 
 Dan. klamme, to cUng or cleave together A. S. clam, 
 a bandage, also clay 
 
 "& thenne cleme hit with clay comly with-inne." 
 
 AUit Poems, B. 1. 312. 
 
 Clanter — to make a noise in walking (See 
 Clatter) 
 
 Clap-breead — oat-cakes, which were formerly 
 
 clapped thin with the hands instead of being rolled 
 
 Clarty — filthy, sticky See Clag 
 
 ' ' That spatel that swa biclarted ti leor " — 
 That spittle that so defiled or besmeared thy face. 
 0. E. Homilies, ed. Morris, p. 279. 
 
 Clash — to bang a door Dan. kladske, to flap 
 Ger. klatsch 
 
 Clashy — rainy, uncomfortable weather 
 
 " Yence on a clashy winter neet, 
 Whyte maiz'd wi' loungin' on i' t' nuik." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Bali. p. 217. 
 
 Clatter — a noise Du. klateren 
 
 Cleg — the gad-fly ; cleg is but another form of 
 
 clag — to stick. This provincial name it has no doubt 
 received on accoiuit of the tenacity with which it 
 ' adheres to any animal. To "stick like a ir/^^" is a 
 common phrase. Dan. klceg, sticky N. klegg 
 
'^ tJUJfJi, claj-tS i^-^^l' 
 
19 
 
 Clem — to pinch with hunger, to starve. (More 
 generally used in South Lancashire.) A.S. clcemian, 
 to pinch Dan. klemme O.E. cla7?i cf. clamp 
 
 " Hard is the choice, when the valiant must eat their 
 arms or clem." 
 
 Ben Jonson. Ev. Man out of his Hum. 
 
 " Booath clemmm\ un starvin', un never a fardin', 
 It 'ud welly drive any mon mad." 
 
 Lane. Ball. p. 217. 
 
 ' ' We s' niver, I's insuer us, 
 Be neeak't, or clemmed, or cald." 
 Author of Joe and Geologist. North Lons. Mag. p. 18. 
 
 " Al schal cry for clemmed.'''' 
 
 Allit P. C. 1. 395. 
 
 Clew — a ball of worsted is generally called 
 
 " a woosat (:/£?7a " A.S. cliwe O. Du. klouwe 
 
 Click — catch hold suddenly Frisian klcel:ke 
 
 "He clekys owtte Collbrande fulle clenlyche bur- 
 neschte." — Morte Arthure, 1. 2123. 
 
 Clink — a blow Dan. klinke, to rivet 
 Clit-clat — a term applied to a talkative person 
 Clish-clash — idle talk ; a reduplicate form of 
 
 Clash — a noise 
 
 Clock — a Beetle. This name is applied to 
 
 beetles generally, as "Bracken-clock," "Black- 
 clock." 
 
 Clod — to throw; as " Clod it away, thouj it's 
 
 nasty." 
 
 Clog — a wooden soled shoe common through 
 
 out Lancashire 
 
 "My country clogs to save my shoon." 
 
 Lane. Ballads, p. 128. 
 
Clot-hee^d— a clod-head, lumpish fellow 
 
 Clotter'd— clotted O.Du. klotteren, to coagu- 
 late. (SeeCludder.) 
 " Clottred clod oi ^toAs..'" —Golding. 
 
 Clout — a patch, or piece of cloth A.S. clut 
 W. clwf 
 
 ' ' For ich nabbe clout ne lappe, 
 Bote lay thou thi fet to my pappe, 
 And wite the from the colde." 
 Political, Religious, and Love Foems, p. 227. 
 
 Cludder — to press together, heap together, 
 
 connected with clod, clot, cloud 
 
 "O' t' poor wimmin i' t' town chtdder'd romid abowt 
 'em wi' basens, pots, an' cans of o' kinds." 
 
 Invasion 6' V ston, p. 5- 
 
 Clunch — a clodhopper 
 
 Cob — round, as a "cob-coal" W. co, round- 
 ness W. cobyn, a bunch 
 
 Cobbin' — when a person's hair is pulled by all 
 the company, it is called cobbin 
 
 A cobbin', a cobbin, a barley bum, 
 Cob them 'at doesn't come ; 
 Cob him yance, cob him twice, 
 Cob him till he whistles thrice ; 
 If he whistles any meear, 
 Cob him till his heead's seear ! 
 
 Local Rhyme. 
 
 Cockly — unsteady Germ, kuglen O.N. kogla^ 
 
 to roll 
 
 Cock-penny — apennyformerlygiven to school- 
 boys in Furness, when they paid their school-fees. 
 This penny was expected to be staked on the school 
 cock fight, which took place on Shrove Tuesday. 
 
Coddled — embraced, cuddled 
 
 "I coddled her clwose, an' gave her many a smack." 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ballads, p. 155. 
 
 Cofe-lick — calf-lick, a tuft of hair on the fore- 
 head which grows upwards and will not part or lie 
 straight 
 
 Coke — the core of any fruit Gael, caoch 
 Dutch kolk O.E. colke 
 
 "Til a rounde appel of a tre, 
 That even in myddes has a colke.'''' 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 6444-5. 
 
 Com — came A.S. com, pt. t. oi cuman 
 
 " Beestes that now ben" mouwen banne the tyme 
 That evere that cursede Caym* com vppon eorthe." 
 Piers Plowtnan, ed. Skeat, A. Pass, x., 11. 165-6. 
 
 Con — a squirrel 
 
 " Our young friend dissipated them all [our fears] 
 by telling us that a con was only the provincial name 
 for a squirrel." — Lonsdale Magazine, vol. 2, p. 124. 
 
 Conny — handsome, good-looking ; also used 
 
 in the sense of quantity, as ' ' There's a conny lock 
 on 'em thrang i' t' hay field owerbye. " Dan. kjon, 
 pretty 
 
 Coot — Water Rail " W. cwta, bob-tailed, 
 
 cwl-iar, a coot or ^a.ttr-'h.e.u."— Wedgwood. 
 
 'Coord — accord 
 
 "Bi good ensaumplis the preestis schuld lere 
 The vnleerned how thei schuld en doo : 
 If her word & werk coorde not in fere." 
 
 Hymns to the Virgin and Christ, p. 38. 
 
 Coppy- stool — a small wooden stool for children 
 
Corn-craik — the Land Rail Craik — crake — 
 
 a representation of the sound made by the bird 
 
 Corby — the carrion crow ; the raven Fr. cor- 
 
 beau Ital. corvo Lat. corvus (Not much used in 
 Fumess. ) 
 
 Cote — a cottage, as Lindal Cote, &c. A.S. cote, 
 a cottage 
 
 "And there he made a litel cote." 
 
 Havelok the Dane, 1. 737- 
 
 Coup — a cart 
 
 Cow-grip — the trench in a shippon to receive 
 
 the urine A. S. g7'ep 
 
 ' ' And summe leye in dikes slenget, 
 And summe m gripes." 
 
 Havelok, 1. 1923. 
 
 Cow-skarn — cow-dung Dan. skarn, filth 
 
 Craa — crow 
 
 Craa ! Craa ! Forness fell 
 Gie me a lile apple 
 An' I waint tell. ' 
 
 Fumess Rhyme. 
 
 Craa-feet — wrinkles about the eyes ; the blue 
 flowers of the common Hyacinth 
 
 Crack — a chat; in a moment ; to boast 
 
 " Come sit thy ways down an' give us thy crack." 
 Dickinson. Cumb. Ballads, p. 528. 
 
 Crag — a rock W. careg Gael, creag 
 Creean — to bawl Sc. c7-oo7t, a long moan 
 
23 
 
 Croft — a small enclosed pasture near a dwell- 
 ing house A. S. croft 
 
 " For t' croft was white wid dog-daisies, 
 
 When Jwohn was tean away." 
 Author of Joe and Geologist. T. and R. p. 50. 
 
 Crook — a hook suspended over the fire to 
 hang cooking utensils upon Su. G. krok Dan. krog 
 
 Crouse — brisk, pert Dan. kruse, to curl 
 
 " He is a crouse cock." 
 Orth. and Con. of Brit. T., p. 28, c. 34. 
 
 Crovukt — crushed up or crowded W. crybwh; 
 
 shrunk up. Ex. " We wer o' crovukt in a heeap. " 
 
 Cruds — curds W. crwd, a round lump 
 
 "And a fewe cruddes and craym" and a therf cake." 
 Piers Plowman, Text A, pass. vii. , 1. 269. 
 
 Crum'lt — fell to pieces, a corruption of crum- 
 bled ; Germ, krumeln 
 
 Cuckoo-spit — a froth found upon plants, en- 
 closing the larva of cicada spumaria, an insect allied 
 to the grasshopper 
 
 Cuckstool-dub — the pool in which shrews 
 were ducked on the cuckstool ; Butts Beck, Dalton, 
 was formerly known by this name. My friend Mr. 
 Bolton informs me that in the Court Leet records of 
 Furness, many instances are recorded of this punish- 
 ment having been inflicted. Mr. Way, in a note to 
 his edition of the Promptorium Parvulorum, page 
 107, says — "The earliest mention of this mode of 
 punishing female offenders occurs in the laws of 
 Chester in the time of Edward the Confessor." 
 
 ^'' Kukstole for flyterys, or schyderys." — Prompt Pa?-v. 
 Cushat — the Ring Dove A.S. cusceote 
 
24 
 
 Cushie-cow-lady — Cushie, dear ; a term used 
 
 in addressing a pet. A lady-bird is a favourite in- 
 sect with children, to which they sing — 
 
 " Cushie-cow-lady let down thy milk 
 An' thou sail hev a gown of silk." 
 
 Cutt'rin' — muttering, whispering ; possibly 
 another form of chittering, chattering Du. koeteren, 
 to jabber 
 
 " They cutter' d on, but varra low." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 376. 
 
 Dab — very good, as " He's a dab hand at it." 
 
 Dab — a blow 
 
 Dad— father W. tad 
 
 " My dad an' mam are fast asleep, 
 My brother's up an' with the sheep." 
 
 Jockey to the Fair. Old Song. 
 
 Daffey — a foolish person A.S. deaf, deaf; 
 
 "Thou dotest daffe, quath heo" DuUe are thi wittes." 
 Piers Plowman, Text A, pass, i, 1. 129. 
 
 Daft — soft, foolish 
 
 Dannet — a term of reproach; literally "^i? 
 nought" Dan. dogenigt, a worthless fellow 
 " Cu' thy ways on thou dannet." 
 
 P' Siege d BrotCton, p. 5- 
 
 Darrak- — a day's work 
 
 "Thou's meade a bonny darrack." 
 
 Mark Lonsdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 276. 
 
 Dathit — a mild curse O.Fr. deshait, a mishap 
 
 ' ' Dathcit hwo it hire yeve 
 Evere more hwil i live ! 
 
 Havelok, 300. 
 
25 
 
 Dazed — starved, cold ; bread baked in an in- 
 sufficiently heated oven is said to be dazed ; stupefied, 
 Icel. dasdr, faint ; Du. daesen, to lose one's wits 
 (see Kilian's Etymologicum). 
 
 "And ay was dasedm charite." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 6647. 
 
 " I stod as stylle as dased quayle." 
 
 Allit Poems, A, 1. 1084. 
 
 Deave — to deafen; to stupify with noise 
 
 N. doyva, to stun, or stupify 
 
 "My minnie does constantly deave me." 
 
 Burns'' Poems, vol. 2, p. 24. 
 
 Dedur — to tremble G. zittern O.E. diddere 
 
 " Yette dyntus gerut him to dedur, 
 He stroke him sadde and sore." 
 
 Avow, of K. Arth., st. xxv., 1. 8. 
 
 Deead as a dure nail — dead to a certainty ; a 
 
 very common phrase. The nails used for doors are 
 called by the ironmongers "dead nails." 
 
 "And ded as a dore-nayV but the deede folewe." 
 Piers Plowman, Text A., pass, i, 1. 161. 
 
 Deet — died 
 
 " He sayd, Jhesu, as thou deet on the rode." 
 
 Sir Amadace, st. xxxv., 1. I. 
 
 Deg— to damp, to sprinkle water upon any- 
 thing. Another form of dew Sw. dagg Dan. dug 
 
 Dett— debt 
 
 The dette of payn may be qwitte son." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 3617. 
 
26 
 
 Deuce — the devil ; Du. and Fr. deus^ the 
 deuce ! Armor, teuz, a demon. For the derivation 
 of this word "lexicographers have sent us to the 
 Dusii of S. Augustine, the Dues of the Gothic 
 nations, the Teus of the Armoricans, &c. , &c. ! ! 
 Thomson says, 'all these words, like dsemon, 
 seem to have been once used in a good sense ; ' and 
 in fact are all corruptions of the same root." 
 
 Note by Sir F. Madden to Havelok. 
 Lat. Deus, old Teutonic Tiw or Teus, all mean 
 
 God : and secondarily, the devil. 
 
 "Deus ! lemman ! hwat may this be ? " 
 
 Havelok, 1. 13 12. 
 
 " Z'^2:!r^ tek the clock ! click-clackin sae." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 308. 
 
 Dibs — money ; as, "Down wi' thy dibs, then." 
 See Gregor's " Dialect of Banffshire." 
 
 Diddle-daddlin — dawdling about. See Gre- 
 gor's " Dialect of Banffshire." 
 
 Dilly-dallying — procrastinating, putting things 
 off; a reduplication of dally, to lose time 
 " There ne'er comes luck of dilly-dallying wark. " 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 162. 
 
 Ding — to strike Icel. dengia Sw. ddnga 
 
 "Thus sail thai dyng on them ever-mare, 
 With gi-et glowand hamers and nane spare." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 703 1. 
 
 Dinnel — to tingle 
 
 Divel's-bow-an'-arrow ' 
 
 "The spink and the sparrow, 
 Are the diveV s-bow-an^ -arrow " 
 
 Nursery Rhyme. 
 
27 
 
 Divel's snuff-box — the common puff-ball, a 
 
 fungus ( Lycoperdon. ) 
 
 Dobby — a ghost 
 
 "Ghosts ! eigh me lad, we've plenty on 'em i' For- 
 ness, but we'd anudder neeam for 'em ; we ol'as co'd 
 'em dobbies or freet'nins. " — Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 3. 
 
 Dockin — the common dock, popularly con- 
 sidered to be a certain cure for the sting of a nettle, 
 if, when rubbed over the wound the words "dockin 
 in, nettle out " be repeated three times. 
 "Nettle in, dock out" occurs in Chaucer; Troilus, 
 
 bk. iv. 1. 461. 
 
 Dodder — to shake ; totter, quiver ; as " Dod- 
 dering grass." 
 
 Doff — undress, literally do off 
 
 ' ' And thou my concelle doo, thow doffe of thy clothes. " 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1023. 
 "Knowing manners, what I doffed my hat to aw 
 strangers." — Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 368. 
 
 Dog — when a portion only of a rainbow can 
 be seen it is called a dog. The following is a pro- 
 verbial saying in Fumess — 
 
 " A rainbow in the morning 
 Is the shepherd's warning ; 
 A dog in the night 
 Is the sailor's delight." 
 That is — a rainbow seen in the morning betokens a 
 wet day ; but if part of one is seen in the evening, it is 
 the precursor of fine weather." — cf. Dog Gregor's 
 "Dialect of Banffshire. " 
 
 Doit — a small share, as, " Give me my doit;'''' 
 a small object, as, "What a doitV According to 
 Jamieson, a doit was a small coin formerly current, 
 about one-twelfth of a penny in value. Fr. doigt 
 Lat. digitus, a finger — doit would then be as much 
 as a finger would cover. 
 
Don — to put on clothes, literally do on 
 
 " That Grim bad Leve bringen lict, 
 For to don on his clothes. " 
 
 Havelok the Dane, 1. 576. 
 
 ' ' When th' order comes to us 
 To doff these owd clooas 
 There'll surely be new uns to don." 
 
 WaugK's La7icashire Songs, p. 40. 
 
 " Auld England's gown's worn till a tatter, 
 An' they'll nit new don her I fear." 
 
 Miss Blamire. Cumb. Ball. p. 52. 
 
 Donk — moist, damp Dan. D. donke, to make 
 
 damp Cf. Du. donker, dark O.E. dank 
 
 " Deowes donketk the dounes. " 
 
 Lyrical Poems. Sp. E. Eng. p. 108. 
 
 Douk — to duck Dan. dukke, to dive 
 Douker — i.e. the ducker, a sea bird ( Colym- 
 
 bus auritiis. ) 
 
 Douse — to throw water upon any person 
 Dowly — lonely, dull Connected with Su. 
 
 Goth, daaleg, weak ; Dan. daarlig, foolish 
 
 " But loave ! it is a dowly pleace when winter neeghts 
 growe lang." 
 Author ofjoe and the Geologist. T. and R. p. 63. 
 
 Down-fo — a fall of rain, hail, or snow 
 
 " But a sawp o' deawnfd' ud do a sect o' good just 
 neeaw." — Waugh. Sketches of Lane. Life, p. 199. 
 
Ic^ofv ^^^ 
 
 
29 
 
 Dow — good Germ, taugen, to be fit for, avail 
 A.S. dugan, to profit Dan. dtie, to be good or fit 
 for anything 
 
 " For dancin' he was nought at dow. 
 But a prime han' for a drinlier." 
 
 Mark Lonsdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 213. 
 
 "In aw her flegmagaries donn'd 
 What is she? — nought at dow" 
 
 Anderso7i. Ibid p."279. 
 
 Drafif — malt grains after brewing Icel. draf 
 
 "And I lye as a draf-sak in my bed." 
 
 Cant. Tales. 1. 4240. 
 
 Dree — slow, tedious, as " I gat it done at last, 
 
 but it wos a varra dree job." Dan. droi, heavy, 
 tedious 
 
 Dub — a pool ; literally a dip or deep place 
 
 Duds — ragged clothes Gael, dud, rags 
 
 Dummel-heead — a blockhead Cf. dummy 
 
 Dure — door A.S. duru 
 
 Dwinnal — dwindle A.S. dwinan 
 
 Eaa — the channel of a river on the sands 
 A. S. ^a, a stream. Ex. " How's t' ma .? " — how is 
 the channel, is it good crossing ? 
 
 Earls — an earnest penny Gael, iarlus 
 
 Eggin — inciting O.N. eggia A.S. eggia^i 
 
 " The drede of God es that we tume noghte agayne 
 till oure syne thurghe any ill eggyng." 
 
 Hamp. Prose Treat, p. 12. 
 
 " Bot thurgh the eggyng of Eve he ete of an apple." 
 
 Aim. P. B. 1. 241. 
 
3° 
 
 Eigh — -yes 
 
 "Hoo coii'd naw opp'n her meawth t' sey eigh or 
 now (no) boh simpert an sed m." — Tim Bobbin. 
 
 Eilet-hooals — holes through which a band 
 passes 
 
 " Oylet, made yn a clothe, for sperynge." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Elba — elbow 
 
 Elba-greace — to work hard upon anything is 
 said to "give it elba greace. " 
 
 Eldin — fuel A.S. (zld., fire Su. G. and Sw. eld 
 
 "^ Eldynge, or fowayle. Focale.^'' — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " While to beet on the elden." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 221. 
 
 Eller-tree — Alder-tree (Alnus glutinosa) 
 
 ' ' In the north the alder is called an eller, whence 
 several names of places, as Ellerbeck, Ellerburn, &c. 
 in Yorkshire, are derived. A. S. air, ahms. ' An 
 ellyrtre, ahms; alnetiLm est locus ubi C7'esamt.'' — CATH. 
 ANG." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Erchin — hedge-hog Lat. ericius Cf. Fr. heris- 
 
 ser, to bristle. "An vrchone, ericius, erinacius." 
 CATH. ANG. " Urchone, /^e';'/JJ■t'7^. Irchen, a lytell 
 beest full of prickes, /;<L'r/>(7;/. " palsg. In Italian 
 "7?/(:(:/£', an vrchin or hedgehog." florio. Horman 
 says that ' ' Yrchyns or hedgehoggis be full of sharpe 
 pryckillys ; porpyns have longer pryckillys than 
 yrchyns." According to Sir John Maundevde, in 
 the Isles of Prester John's dominions "there ben 
 Urchounes als grete as wylde swyn." 
 
 Pro7}ipt. Parv. p. 512. 
 
 Ev'n-doun — straight down ; very great, as 
 
 " An ev'n-doun sham. " 
 
31 
 
 Ew-tree — Yew-tree 
 
 " Vtree." — Prompt Parv. 
 
 Ex — ask 
 
 Faat — fault Fr. fmite 
 
 Fadder — father A. S. fader 
 
 "The persoun of the town \a.r fader was." — Chaucer. 
 
 Faffment — nonsense, balderdash 
 
 Fairin' — a treat given by the country lads to 
 their sweethearts on the Fair-day 
 
 Fairy-pipes — tobacco pipes, with very small 
 and pecuhar shaped bowls, frequently turned up 
 with the plough. These pipes are of various dates, 
 generally from the reign of Elizabeth to James II. 
 
 Fald — a yard, a fold A.^.fald 
 
 " Under a trouthe in haly kirkesya/i/i?." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 4640. 
 
 Fand — found //. t. 
 
 "I rane the wanntonnes of flesch and I_/a;zif noghte 
 Jhesu. I satt in companyes of worldly myrthe and I 
 fand noghte Jhesu. In all thire I soghte Jhesu bot I 
 fand liym noghte." — Hatnp. Prose Treat, p. 4. 
 
 Fan-teckl'd — freckled, having small spots on 
 the face 
 
 Farish-on — in liquor, " half seas over " 
 
 Fash — trouble, disturbance Yx.fdcher 
 
 "What, mun I still be/aj/^Vwi' stragglin' sheep?" 
 Relpk. Cumb. Ball. p. 18. 
 
32 
 
 Feckless — gainless, a bungler Dan. jegfik, I 
 acquired, gained 
 
 " Indeed, there was some feckless fwok, 
 That luik'd to be owre nice, 
 That nobbet nibbhn' pyk't an' eat. 
 Just like as monie mice." 
 
 yohn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 200. 
 
 Fee^g — a flatterer A.S. fcegnian, to flatter 
 
 This appears to be another form of the old Norfolk 
 word, ^' Fagyn ox flateryny 
 
 See Prompt Parv. note p. 146. 
 
 Fel-faa — Field-fare ( Tiirdus pilaris) 
 
 Fell— a skin A.S. and Germ. /^// Y.^. ''Jeil- 
 monger, " a dealer in skins 
 
 Fell — a mountain (the same word as Y.xig. field) 
 
 "Thow sail foonde to \h.Q felle, and forraye the 
 mountes." — Morte Arthure, 1. 2489. 
 
 London for riches, Preston for pride, 
 Kendal for poverty on t\\e fell-side. 
 
 Local Rhyme. 
 
 Fellon — a sore 
 
 " Furunculus, a soore called dL felon ; also a soore 
 callid a cattes hear, whiche happeneth on a man's 
 fynger. elyot." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Fellon-wood — the plant Bitter-Sweet (Sol- 
 
 anum Dulcamara. ) 
 
 Fendin' — striving, seeking, as " Fendin' fer a 
 leevin'." K.S. fajtdian, to seek 
 
33 
 
 Fettle — to make ready, set right N. fitla 
 
 "When hit watz/fi'^/^ar& forged & to the fuUegraythed." 
 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 343. 
 
 " Come, we Tcmn/eiile up outsells, 
 It's time we sud be donnin'." 
 
 ybkn Siagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 198. 
 
 Fic-fac — the tendonous parts of meat 
 
 Fidge — an uneasy person, a fidget 
 " Fidgin' fain." — Burns. 
 
 Firm as Hodge wife — Hodge's wife is said to 
 have been confirmed (by the Bishop) several times, 
 and the phrase is now applied to anything very firm 
 or secure 
 
 Flaach— to wheedle G. flehen, to beseech 
 
 O.Y..fieech 
 
 Flang — threw, flung 
 Flannin — flannel 
 
 Flap — a stroke Du. flap 
 
 "And thane Alexander sett hym up in his bedd, 
 and gaffe hymselfe a grtteflappe on the cheke." 
 
 M. S. Lincoln, A. i. 27, f. 48. (Hall.) 
 
 Flay — to frighten O.'^.flaja, to flee 
 
 ' ' Na vender es if the devels com than 
 In the ende obout a synful man, 
 For to flay hym and tempte and pyn." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 2242. 
 
 "Divent heflait on them, lad Tom, 
 But let's cower doon i' this dyke back." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 2l8. 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 Fleak — a flatterer (see Flaach) ; a flook or 
 plaice A. S. floe, a flat fish 
 
 "fflatt mowthede as z. fluke, with fleryande lyppys." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1088. 
 
 Flee-ma-geary — anything very showy or dash- 
 ing 
 
 Fleet t' milk — to skim the milk, take off the 
 cream. " A.S. flotan, to float; O.N. flof, the act 
 of floating ; the grease swimming on the surface 
 of broth."— Morris' Gloss, to Allit. P. 
 
 "To fleet, or skim the cream, is a verb still com- 
 monly used in East Anglia, and the utensil which 
 serves for the purpose is termed z. fleeting-^\^. ' I 
 fleU mylke, take away the creame that lyeth above 
 it when it hath rested. ' palsg. ' Esburrer, to fleet 
 the creame potte ; laid esburrg, fleeted milke ; maigne, 
 fleeted milke or whaye.' — Hollybands' Treaszirie. 
 "Escremg, fleeted, as milke, uncreamed." COTG. 
 K.S. flet, flos lactis." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Fleish — flesh 
 
 "forsothe the spirit is redy, but thefleisck syk." 
 
 Gospel of Mark, c. xiv, v. 38. (Wycliffe's. ) 
 
 Flick — a side of bacon, flitch 
 
 " Befe and moton wylle serve wele enow ; 
 And for to seche so ferre a lytill h3k.onflyk." 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 29. 
 
 Flipe — the brim of a hat lce\.Jlipa Tidxi.flip, 
 
 a flap 
 
 Flit — to remove Dan. fiytte 
 
 Flite — to scold K..'S>.flitan 
 
 ^^ Fly tin, or chydin — CONTENDO." — Prompt Parv. 
 
 " Slynge awey these scomers, he seith" with here 
 shrtvfid fliting." — Piers Plowman, Pass. viii. 1. 125. 
 
35 
 
 Flosh — water, or a watery place, hence the 
 
 "Flash meadows" in several parts of Fumess. 
 Germ, fluss, a flood 
 
 Floo's — a sluice (See Flosh) 
 
 Fluet — a blow with the back of the hand 
 
 "Fetch'd him 2. fluet under t' lug, 
 An' sae began their battle. " 
 
 Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 203. 
 
 Fluz'd — turned up at the edges 
 
 Fo — fall, as " Mind that barn dusn't/? off t' 
 
 chair." 
 
 Fodder — food for cattle 
 
 " Foddur, bestys mete, or forage." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 "for thenne mot ha thenchen of the c\yv!QS foddre." 
 Pel. Ant. V. 2, p. 3. 
 
 Fog — the aftermath W. ffwg7vs, dry leaves 
 
 " He fares forth on alle foure, foggevraXz his mete, 
 & ete ay as a horce when erbes were fallen. " 
 
 Allit. P. B. 11, 1683-4. 
 
 Fo'in owt — quarrelling 
 
 Foisty — spoken of a musty smell or taste ; 
 mouldy bread is called _/2)m^, i.e. fusty 
 
 Foomert — the common marten (martesfoma) 
 sometimes confounded with the pole-cat (mustela 
 putorius.) (See Foumart xn Wedgwood and quot. 
 to Frith.) 
 
 Fo'n — fallen 
 
 Foor — a furrow made by the plough 
 
36 
 
 Foor-brest — right in front 
 
 "On frounte in \!a!tfore-breste, the flour of his knyghtez." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1990. 
 
 Forrat — forward, early, as "a varra forrat 
 
 tung ; " '■^forrat taties. " 
 
 For-elders — forefathers 
 
 " Sum on 'em hes left bams behint 'em 'at m'appen 
 wadn't like to see \h.€x for-elders neeams mix't up wi' 
 sic a bit o' Fomess ' Linch laa.'" 
 
 7^ Invasion d' U^sfon, p. 7. 
 
 For-end — the beginning, as " t' for-end o' t' 
 yeer ; " the front part of anything 
 
 Fomess — the district of Yx^mt^'a^ fer-nese, the 
 further promontory ; a fiimace 
 
 " As z. forms ful of flot that vpon fyr boyles." 
 
 Allit P. B. 1. ion. 
 
 Fornenst — opposite 
 
 For set — to waylay A.S. forsettaji, to stop, 
 delay 
 
 '"At ola.' s foorseii m.e i't' lonnings aboot 
 
 An' beath want to sweetheart me — ^Jwohnny git oot !" 
 
 Author of ^'' Joe and the Geologist.'''' Cumb. BaU. p. 428. 
 
 Fra — from O.N./rtf 
 
 " Aristotill sais that the bees are feghtande agaynes 
 hym that will draw thaire hony/ra thaym." 
 
 Relig. Pieces, p. 8. 
 
 Fratchin' — quarrelling 
 
 " Twea gimin' gibbies in a neuk 
 
 SzX. fratchin^ yen anudder, 
 An' nowte wad sarra them but they 
 
 Wad hev a match together." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb, Ball. p. 204. 
 
37 
 
 Frap — a blow Yx.f rapper 
 
 *^ hiAfrappez faste at hys face fersely ther-aftyr." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1115. 
 
 Frekt — to fret or grieve 
 
 Freet — a fright 
 
 Fridge — to rub, produce friction Lat. fricare 
 
 Frith — a wood W. ffridd 
 
 "The fox ^ the folmarde to 'Ca.&fryth wyndez." 
 
 Allit P. B. 1. 534, 
 
 Frosk — a frog K.'S).frosc 
 
 My friend Mr. Bolton tells me this term was only 
 employed at Urswick, in Low Furness, with regard to 
 those frogs which were of a very light yellow colour. 
 
 '■'■Oerca.. frosch, Dan. /rosk, a frog." " J?ana, a 
 froske, or frogge ortus." "A froske, agredula 
 rana." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " As the felle of a. froske" — as the skin of a frog. 
 
 Morte Arthure, L 1081. 
 
 Frunt — to affront Fr. affronter 
 
 Fuffy — woolly, spongy Ban. fug, flue, fluff 
 
 Full-but — right in front 
 
 '■^ffulle-butt in the frounte he flysches hyme evene." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 2769. 
 
 Fund — found, pp. 
 
 "& \sfunde fUl few of hit fayth dedes. " 
 
 Allit P. B. 1. 1735. 
 
 Fuz-bo — a fungus (Lycoperdon) Du. voos^ 
 spungy 
 
38 
 
 Ga — go Icel. ga 
 
 "Thane the prioure said till hym, gaa and wrytte 
 thy synnes." de in-perfecta contricione. 
 
 Hamp. Prose Treats, p. 7. 
 
 Gaain'-at-Bruk — going to make cheese ; break 
 the milk 
 
 Gaby — a soft person; literally a, gaj>mg person 
 
 Gaddin' — going about ; a gaddirC woman is 
 one that runs about to her neighbours' houses instead 
 of remaining at home 
 
 Gaily — very 
 
 " Ya het foomeun when we war o' gaily thrang." 
 Author of '■'• Joe and the Geologist.'''' T. and R. p. i. 
 
 Gainest — the readiest, nearest Sw. gen, near 
 
 "And gray thes to Glasschenberye the gate at the 
 gayneste." — Morte Arthure, 1. 4309. 
 
 Gakin' — staring about 
 Galevantin — pleasuring, jaunting 
 
 Gamashes — leggings 
 
 "Gramashes, gaiters reaching to the knees. A 
 kind of stockings worn instead of boots. Fr. gam- 
 aches.'" — Jamieson. (See Gamashes in Wedgwood.) 
 
 Gammerstang — a tall awkward woman O.E. 
 gammet , an old woman Dan. stang, a pole 
 
 "I' the loft they were rwoaring an' dancing ; 
 
 Big Nancy, the greet gaymjierstang, 
 Went up an' doon t' fluir lyke a hay-stack, 
 
 An' fain wad hev coddled Ned Strang." 
 The Raffles Merry Neet. Cumb. Ball. p. 533. 
 
39 
 
 Gang — to go A.S. gangan O.N. ganga 
 
 ' ' The Lawyer he is sike a crafty elfe, 
 A will make a foole of twenty such as me, 
 And if that I said gang hang mysel, 
 Ise trow, he and I sud neere agree." 
 
 The King and a Poore Northerne Man. 
 
 Ganny — grandmother 
 
 Gap — an opening Sw. gap 
 
 " That no man may fynd path ox gap, 
 The world is turnyd to another shap. " 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 29. 
 
 Garn — yarn Dan. gam 
 
 Gauk-handed — left handed Fr. gauche 
 
 Gaukie — awkward Fr. gauche 
 
 Gauster — a horse laugh — "a girt gausterin 
 thing" 
 
 Geal — to smart or itch with cold Fr. geler., 
 to freeze. Ex. ' ' Mi fingers fair gedl again wi' cald. " 
 
 "This auld-far'd chronicle could tell 
 Things that yen's varra lugs wad geale. " 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 222. 
 
 Gean — gone O.E. gan, gone 
 
 Gear — any kind of property ; clothing A.S. 
 
 gearwa 
 
 " A wain thai had tha.ir gere wit-in." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p. 135. 
 
 ' 'That we gon gay in o\xx^gere, that grace he vus sende. ' ' 
 
 Allit P. B. 1. 181 1. 
 
40 
 
 Ge^t — a way or path Su. G. gata O.N. gata, 
 a path 
 
 ' ' Of whase gate men may na trace fynd. " 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 7076. 
 
 "It's olez summer where th' heart's content, 
 
 Tho' wintry winds may blow ; 
 An' theer's never a gate 'at's so kind to th' faut, 
 
 As th' gate one likes to go." 
 
 ^s Lane. Songs, p. 50. 
 
 Gekvlock — an iron crowbar A.S. gqfeloc, a 
 javelin W. gaflach 
 
 Gebby — a hooked stick 
 
 Gers — grass A.S. gers, gcers 
 
 "And syr Gawayne the gude in his gaye armes 
 Umbegrippede \hQgerse, and one grouffe fallene." 
 Morte Arthure, 11. 3944-5. 
 
 Gezhns — gosUngs 
 
 Giglin — laughing — ex. "a girt giglin lass" 
 O.Du. gickelen 
 
 Gill — a ravine Icel. gil, a gap in a mountain 
 
 Gimmer — a two year old sheep Su. G. gimmer 
 
 Gin — a machine for drawing ore 
 
 Girdle — a plate of iron for baking upon 
 W. greidyll Eng. grid-iron 
 
 "Aunt Ester spoil'd ihegurdle ceakes." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 301. 
 
41 
 
 Girn — to grin Sw. grina, to grin 
 
 "Jim and George were two great lords, 
 They fought all in a chum ; 
 And when that Jim got George by the nose, 
 Then George began to girn. " 
 
 Hall. Nursery Rhymes, p. 12. 
 
 Girsly — gristly 
 
 Gizzen — gizzard 
 
 Giversum — avaricious A.S. gifer^ greedy 
 
 Gladder — more glad 
 
 " Who that drynketh wele, mych is he the gladder. 
 Who that drynketh to moch, more is he the madder." 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 288. 
 
 Glent — to slip aside W. ysglent, a slide 
 
 " Bot ffloridas with a swerde, as he by glenttys, 
 AUe the flesche of the flanke he flappes in sondyre." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 2781. 
 
 Gliff — a glimpse 
 
 " Here, here it was (a wae light on the pleace,) 
 That first I gzX. 2. gliff o' Betty's feace." 
 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 16. 
 
 Glime — to look askance, glance aside 
 
 " Heedless I glynCd, nor could my een command." 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 16. 
 
 Glisk — to shine, sparkle, glisten A.S. glisnian 
 O.N. glyssa 
 
42 
 
 Gloppen — to alarm, astonished O.N. glhpa^ 
 
 to stare 
 
 " Thow wenys to glopyne me witli thy gret wordez. " 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 2580. 
 
 "Then bounce goos hur heart, an' hoo were %o gloppen. 
 That out o' th' winder hoo'd hke for to loppen." 
 
 Warrikin Fair, A.D. 1548. Lane. Ball. p. 69. 
 
 " Quen Jhesus sagh tham glopnid be, 
 He lighted of his moder kne." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p. 134. 
 
 Gloppers — blinders for a horse O.N. gld,pa, 
 
 to stare 
 
 Glour — to stare Du. gloren, to glitter 
 
 "Theire's braw lads in Earnslaw, Marion, 
 Quha gape sca&glowr wi' their ee." 
 
 Percy's Rel. p. 213. 
 
 Glumpin — sulking 
 
 Gob — mouth d2£i.gob T)-^x\. gab O.^.gobet, 
 
 a mouthful 
 
 The following brief dialogue is said to have occurred 
 in Cheshire : — 
 
 Doctor : ' ' Put out your tongue, my boy. " 
 
 Boy : " Au dunna whot yo meon. " 
 
 Mother : " Yo shud speik Inglish, doctor ! — oppen 
 thi gob. Turn lad, an' pull aat thi loliker. " 
 
 ' ' Because he knew reet weel sud he 
 Set up his gob, directly she 
 Would kick up hell's delight i' t' house, 
 Which meade him mum as onie mouse." 
 
 yohn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 224. 
 
 Gofif— a fool Fr. gofe 
 
 Goke — a fool Sw. gdck 
 
 " I ga gowlende a-bowte' al so dos a goke." 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. i, p. 291. 
 
43 
 
 GoUin — the Marsh Marigold Scotch gowan 
 
 Gome — understanding Moes. G. gaumjan, 
 to perceive 
 
 Gomeless — thoughtless, ex. "a girt gomeless 
 thing " 
 
 Gomeral — a stupid fellow Icel. gambra, to 
 
 boast 
 
 ' ' T' girt gomerals hed tacken some brogs on t' sand 
 for t' French, masts." — -Siege <?' Brou'ton, p. 7- 
 
 Goose-fleish — the skin pimpled from cold 
 
 Goul — to howl, yell O.N. gola, to yell 
 
 "For unnethes es a child born fully 
 That it ne bygynnes to gotde and cry." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 476. 
 
 Gradely — real, decent, truly, well, right, hand- 
 somely, orderly. This is a word of almost universal 
 application, and in the way of approval it has many 
 shades of meaning which will perhaps be best under- 
 stood from the quotations. "Just th' same as a 
 gradely Christian." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, 
 p. 44. "Iv yo'n a gradely greight skip." — Ibid, 
 p. 35. "Dray up to th' hob, an warm yo, for yo 
 look'n gradely parisht." — Waugh. Sketches of 
 Lane. Life, p. 20. "Aw'll find yo som.e gradely 
 good stuff. "—Ibid. p. 21. "Neaw, ta careyo coan 
 th' next time yo com'n thiz gate, an' wi'n have a 
 gradely do." — Ibid, p. 55. In one of our oldest 
 Lancashire romances, "The avowynge of King 
 Arther, Sir Gawan, &c.," stanza Ixii., the same 
 word appears in the form (A grathely : — " With gode 
 wille grathely hom gete." In an old Lancashire 
 poem of the 14th century, called by Mr. R. Morris, 
 "The Pearl," it appears as follows — "In sample 
 
44 
 
 he can ful graythely gesse." — Allit P. A. 1. 498. 
 O.N. greitha, to unfold, set right; A. S. ge-rcedian, 
 to make ready ; O. E. graitke, to prepare. The 
 Du. gereed, ready, G. bereit, ready, shew that g is 
 merely a prefix, and gradely is only another form of 
 readily, with the meaning exactly, completely, &c. 
 
 Grapplin — a common mode of catching trout, 
 by wading in the becks and grappling the fish under 
 stones or in holes by the side of the brook. ' ' Grop- 
 ing for trout " occurs in Meas. for Meas. I. 2. 
 
 Greekn — to groan O.E. grane 
 
 Greavin — delving A.S. grafan, to dig, grave 
 
 " Gravyn, or grubbyn yn the erth. fodio." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Grece — the incHned way to a barn or granary, 
 when built over a shippon or stable Fr. gre, a step. 
 " Gradus, a grece, a steppe ; scamnum, a steppe or 
 
 grice, whereby a manne gothe vppe into a hygh bedde. 
 
 Grece to go up at, or a stayre, degre." 
 
 Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Green-hew — an old manorial rent, still paid 
 in the parish of Dalton, for liberty to cut pea-sticks, 
 etc. , in certain woods 
 
 Grey-George — an earthenware bottle. Some 
 
 dialects use brown- George 
 
 Grime — to soil, blacken Norse grima, a spot 
 
 "To spotty, ho is of body to grytn." 
 
 Allit P. A. 1. 1069. 
 
 Grogram — a coarse stuff for dresses Fr. gros- 
 grain, coarse grain 
 
 " Let other lasses shine in silken gowns, 
 An' fix fause hair upo' their cockin' crowns. 
 Sec fashions I'll ne'er follow while I'se whick, 
 Lang as plain grogram and thur locks please Dick. 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 161. 
 
45 
 
 Grund — the earth 
 
 "That al thair idels, in a stund, 
 Grovelings fel into the grund." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p. 138. 
 
 Grunstan — grindstone 
 
 Haffel — to hesitate in speaking 
 
 Hagworm — the common snake ; literally, hedge- 
 worm 
 
 Haister — a hastener, Dutch oven 
 
 ^' Hastier e that rostythe mete, assator, assarius." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Hack — pickaxe Fr. hacher, to hack 
 
 " For-wroght wit his kak and spad, 
 Of himself he wex al sad." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p. 140. 
 
 April wi' his hack an' bill, 
 Sets a flow'r on iv'ry hill. 
 
 Local Rhyme. 
 
 Hald — hold A.S. haldan 
 
 " And put away fialle mony of your men, 
 And hald butte on, quere ye hald ten." 
 
 Sir Amadace, st. i, I. 10- 11. 
 
 Ham-sam — confusion, untidy 
 
 Hank — a loop of yarn or thread 
 
 " Bishop Kennett gives — *a hank of yam or thread, 
 
 when it comes off the reel, and is tied in the middle, 
 
 or twisted.' Perhaps from Sax. hangan, to tie or 
 
 twist ; but it comes much nearer to the Isl. haunk. " 
 
 Way in Prompt Parv. p. 238. 
 
46 
 
 Hankie — to twist, entangle (See Hank) 
 
 "Yes, said the landlord, the ground is rough, and 
 
 without care, you may get hanMed among the bushes. " 
 
 Lonsdale Magazine, v. 2, p. 124. 
 
 Hangment — an expletive, as " What the hang- 
 
 mettt is ta du'in?" 
 
 " What the liangment has ta sent it us for ? " 
 
 Waugk's Besom Ben. 
 
 Hansel — to be the first purchaser A.S. /land- 
 selen, a giving into the hands 
 
 Hansh — to snap the jaws O.Fr. hancher 
 
 Hap — to cover ; another form of lap, wlap, 
 
 or whap 
 
 "Lappyn, or whappyn yn clothys ; happyn togedyr, 
 wrap togedyr." — Pro7npt. Pa^-v. 
 
 "Come, Matty, come, and cool my yed 
 Aw'm finished, to my thinkin' ; 
 Hoo happed him nicely up, an' said, 
 ' Thae's brought it on \vi' drinkin'.' " 
 
 WaugKs Lane. Songs, p. 32. 
 
 Hask — harsh, keen, dry. A keen frosty wind 
 is said to be "van-a hask" Sw. hdrsk 
 
 Haver-breead — oat bread G. hqfer, oats 
 
 ^' Haver, an old term for oats." — Jamieson. 
 
 "O whar gat ye that haver-va.e.Si\ bannock?" 
 
 Jamieson! s Did. 
 
 Haw-buck — a country clown 
 
47 
 
 Heck — a half door or hatch; a gate Du. hek, 
 
 a gate 
 
 " Hec, hek, or hetche, or a dore. antica." 
 
 Protnpt. Parv. 
 
 ' ' And sum brozt gi'et harwos, 
 Ther husbandes horn to fetch, 
 Sum on dores, and sum on keck." 
 
 Tourn. Toft. Percy's Rel. p. 95. 
 
 Hee — high 
 
 Heead-wark — the head-ache 
 
 ' ' The following occurs among several prescriptions 
 for the hedewarke: — Make lie of verveyn, or of betayne, 
 or of wormode, and there with wasshe thin hed thryse 
 in the weke. " — Proi?iJ>t. Parv. 
 
 Heft— haft G. heft 
 Hefter — very large 
 Helter-skelter — in confusion 
 
 "Back helter-skelter, panic struck, 
 T'wards heame they kevell'd, yen an' a'." 
 
 yohn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 218. 
 
 Helve — a handle or shaft, as a hammer helve 
 
 Hempland — a small piece of land set apart 
 for growing Flax for family use. It was spun by 
 members of the family, and woven by the custom 
 weaver. Although the practice has fallen into 
 desuetude, the patches of land still retain the name. 
 
 Heriot — a death fine 
 
 "This primarily signified the tribute given to the 
 lord of a manor for his better preparation for war, but 
 came at length to denote the best aucht, or beast of 
 whatever kind, which a tenant died possessed of." — ' 
 Jamieson. "A tribute given to the lord of a manor 
 
48 
 
 for his better preparation toward the war, now the 
 best chattle that a tenant hath at death due to the 
 lord by custom or service." — Coles. A.S. here-geatu, 
 a warlike provision 
 
 Hesp — a clasp or hook Germ, haspe O.N. 
 
 kespa 
 
 Hezal-oil — a thrashing with a hazel wand 
 Hidin' — a flogging 
 
 HiUoky— hilly 
 
 Hind — a ploughman, or an upper servant 
 
 placed in charge of a farm A. S. hina, a servant 
 
 "Our hoste him axed, what man art thou ? 
 Sir, (quod he,) I am an kine ; 
 For I am wont to go to the plow. 
 And eame my meate er that I dine." 
 
 Notes to Piers Flovj. Crede, p. 45. 
 
 Hin dersum — obstructive 
 
 Hindermast — the last Moes. G. hindumists 
 
 Hippin — a napkin U4^ Ut ^vi/J|t**J^ 
 
 Hitty-missy — hit it or not ; literally, hit I or 
 miss I ; or, hit Ee or miss he ; like willy-nilly 
 
 Hives — water blebs on the skin 
 
 Hoble-de-hoy — between a youth and a man 
 "Girt hoble-de-hoy, nader man ner boy." 
 
 Ho'd— hold "Seaz hod, min ! can't t'e!" 
 take hold 
 
 Hog'us — a house or hutch on the fells for sheep 
 A hog is a young sheep ; see Hall. 
 
JcUy]^- y^i/U4. — ^cJf 
 
 Urtite-yJC 
 
49 
 
 Hoit^a clumsy person Icel. hmita^ to flutter 
 about 
 
 HoUin- — the Holly-tree 
 
 " Bot in his on honde he had a holyn bobbe 
 That is grattest in grene, when greuez ar bare." 
 Sir Gaw. and Gr. Knt. Sp. E. Eng. p. 227. 
 
 Honish't— wearied, tired out 
 
 "Bote honesschen him as an hound* and ho ten him 
 go thennes. " — Piers Plowman, Text A. Pass. xi. 1. 48. 
 
 Horse-nop — the knap-weed ( Centaurea nigra) 
 
 Horse-stang — the dragon-fly 
 
 Howk — to pull up by the roots 
 
 Howmer — to shade Fr. ombre Lat. umbra 
 
 Hufif — rage ; to offend 
 
 "Gif thow hufe alle the daye, thou bees noght 
 delyverde." — Morte Arthnre, 1. 1688. 
 
 Hull — a covering; potatoes covered for the 
 
 winter are htdled. Cp. yig-kull A. S. helan, to cover 
 
 Hulk — a lazy fellow 
 
 HuUet — the owl ; so called from its peculiar 
 
 howling cry Sc. howlet 
 
 " Poke used ta say it wod screeam hke a kullet." 
 
 Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 4. 
 
 HuUy-butterflee — properly the Tiger moth 
 
 (Arctia caja), but the term is indiscriminately ap- 
 plied to any of the heavy bodied night-flying moths 
 
 4 
 
5° 
 
 Hurkle — to stoop or squat Du. hurken 
 O.N. kurka 
 
 "Then come ther in a litill brid into his arme fleghe, 
 And ther hurkils and hydis as sche were hande tame. " 
 Morris's Gloss, to Allit. P. p. 162. 
 
 Hysta — make haste Sw. hasta, to hurry 
 Ice-shokles — icicles ; cf. Norse, isjukel 
 
 " And lang ice-sJiockles danglin' doon." 
 
 J. S. Bigg. Alfred Staunton, p. 20. 
 
 Ike — a diminutive of Isaac 
 
 Iky-piky — a corruption of Ipecacuanha 
 
 Ill-willy — grudgingly 
 
 Intack — an enclosed piece of common Sw. 
 
 intaga, to take in 
 
 Jammy-Crane — the Heron (Ardea cinera). 
 Probably so named from its long legs. Fr. Jambe. 
 
 Jam-rags — anything over cooked 
 
 Janders — ^the jaundice 
 
 Jannak — honest, straightforward, fair, even. 
 Sw. Jamka, to adjust ; jiimn, even. 
 
 Jarble — to splash with mud 
 
 Jedder — to tremble, or shake ; cf Deddur 
 
 Jemmer — a door hinge. From Lat. gemellus. 
 
 (See Way's note to Gymowe in Prompt. Parv. ) 
 
 Jew-trump — the Jew's harp 
 J ike- — to squeak 
 
j^StAA^--' [-%»■& C-PUrM^-'J 
 
51 
 
 Jinny-green-Teeth — green converva on pools 
 Jinny-spinner — an insect ( Tipula) 
 Jobey — diminutive of Joseph 
 
 JoUop — a semifluid mass of anything ; called 
 
 in southern English a dollop. 
 
 J ope — to splash 
 
 Kadge — ^belly ; lit. a keg Sw. kagge., a keg 
 
 Keck — to upset 
 
 Keckin — spying Su. G. kika Du. kijcken 
 
 " Kekyyn, or prively waytyn, INTUOR, observo." 
 
 Pro7npt. Parv, 
 
 Keckle — to giggle, to laugh ; unsteady 
 
 Keish — the stem of an umbelliferous plant, 
 used by boys for the manufacture of pop-guns. 
 O.E. Icex. W. cecysen, hemlock. 
 
 Kelk — a blow, to strike. 
 
 "Why, man, she keWd\h.t& like a log." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 230. 
 
 Ken — to know A.S. cunnan G. & Du. kemten 
 O.N. kenna. 
 
 " Full lile we know his hard griefe of mind, 
 And how he did long London to keny 
 
 The King and a poore Northern Man. 
 "Why, don't yaw ken me, Mistress Jane? 
 I'm poor Dick, fro' Stanley Green." 
 
 Lane. Ball. p. 182. 
 
 Ken-spak — easy to know; from O.E. ken and 
 A.'"S. specca, a mai-k. 
 
52 
 
 Kep — to catch A.S. cepan 
 
 ' ' Skurrle, skurrle thee down — I'll kep thee — come thy 
 ways." 
 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 155. 
 
 Kep-bo — a hand-ball ; lit. a catch-ball. 
 
 Kerse — a cress A.S. ccerse, or cerse Du. kers 
 
 " Of paramours ne sette he nat a kers." 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 3754. 
 
 Kersmas — Christmas. On Christmas eve the 
 
 following lines are sung by boys — 
 
 Git up aid wives an' beake yer pies, 
 It's Kersmas day i' t' morning. 
 
 Keslop — rennet, a calf's stomach Sw. kalflope 
 
 "Ther cheese was teugh as kezzlup-^va..'''' 
 
 Marh Lonsdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 279. 
 
 Kest — a ride ; a lift on the way ; lit. a cast, as 
 " I gat a kest in a coup er I wod a' bin teer't." 
 
 Ket^ — carrion, or any kind of filth 
 
 "The flesh of animals that have died of disease. 
 Su, G. koett ; Icel. kvett, caro." — Jamieson. 
 
 Ketment — low people Cf ket 
 
 Kettle-o'-fish — to make a mess of anything; 
 
 as "Thou's meead a bonny hettle-d -fish on't." 
 
 Kill— a kiln W. cyl 
 
 Kin— kindred Icel. kyn A.S. cyn 
 
 " This writte was gett fra kin to /^m." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p, 128. 
 
 Kink — a crease Du. kink, a twist, twirl 
 Kinkin' — laughing A.S. cincung, laughter 
 
53 
 Kipe — to retort Cf. Eng. gibe 
 
 Kipper — salmon out of season 
 
 " Salmon in the state of spawning. Teut. kippen." 
 
 yaniieson. 
 
 ' ' Kippe7-thne, the space of time between the third 
 and twelfth of May, in which fishing for salmon is 
 forbidden. ' ' — Ash. 
 
 Kirk — church'; frequently met with in the 
 
 names of places, as Kirk-\)j, Torver JTtrk-ns (church- 
 house). 
 
 Kist — a chest or ark Germ, ktsfe A.S. dsf 
 
 Su. G. kzsfa 
 
 " & he with keyes vncloses kystes ful mony. " 
 
 Allit P. B. 1. 1438. 
 
 Kittle — to tickle Du. kittelen Icel. kitla 
 
 A.S. citelian 
 
 " Leyll Arthey Todd crap till her back, 
 An' she brast oot a squeelin' ; 
 Be quiet full — or dea what tou wull ! — 
 Thou kittles me when I's dealin'." 
 
 Mark Lo7isdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 276. 
 
 Kittlin — a kitten 
 
 "In the earlier Wiclififite version, Deut. xxxiii. 22, 
 is thus rendered : ' To Dan he seith, Dan, keetlyng of 
 a lyon, (catulus leonis, vulg.^ shal flow largely fro 
 Basan. ' Palsgrave gives the verb to 'kyttell as a catte 
 dothe, chatonner. Gossype, whan your catte kytelleth, 
 I pray you let me have a kytlynge (chatton)\" 
 
 Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Kith — country A.S. cyth, a region 
 
 "Thai ferd al sauf into thair kytk." 
 
 Cursor Mundi, Sp. E. Eng. p. 132 
 
54 
 
 Kizen't — dried up, parched 
 
 " Kizen, to shrink, especially in consequence of being 
 exposed to the sun or drought. " — Jamieson. 
 
 Knap — a blow G. knappen, to crack 
 
 Kysty — dainty 
 
 "Some weshed out their chammer pots — ye may be 
 suer they wom't kysty — an' hed 'em filled." 
 
 Invasion d U^sto7t, p. 6. 
 
 Kyte — belly Icel. kvithr A.S. cwitha 
 "jTheir kytes weel tugg'd wi' solid gear, 
 They now began to guzzle." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 200. 
 
 " An' theear at teables heead we sat — they fed me like 
 
 a king, 
 
 An' efter blaain' owt mi kyte, they ex'd me if I'd sing." 
 
 Local Ball, in Ulverston Mirror, Sep. 2 1st, 1867. 
 
 Laa — low; law O.N. lag 
 
 ' ' With thi laa hase made him leyce, 
 Butte him is lothe to be in pece." 
 
 The avow, of K. ArtJi, st. xxvi. 1. 9. 
 
 Lad's love — southern-wood 
 
 Lafter — one brood of chickens ; the number 
 of eggs which a hen sits upon during incubation. 
 Scotch, lachter 
 "Teut. eyeren legghen, ova ponere." — Jamieson. 
 
 La hurr — see the hare; A.S. la, lo! and hara, 
 a hare ; an old hunting phrase in Fumess. Probably 
 because the term is not of Anglo-Norman, or French 
 origin, it does not occur in "Le Venery De Twety," 
 a work on hunting and hunting terms, by the chief 
 huntsman to King Edward the Second. See Rel, 
 Ant. V. I, p. 149. 
 

55 
 
 Lait— toseek O.^.leyta lct\. leita Sw. /eta 
 " Of alle thir, men sal yhelde acount strayt, 
 Sal nathyng than be thar to lajt." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 6001. 
 
 Laik— play A.S. Idc Moeso. G. laiks 
 Sw. lek 
 
 " Nae mair he cracks the leave o' th' green, 
 The cleverest far abum ; 
 But lakes at wait-not-whats within, 
 Aw Sunday efter-nuin." 
 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 7. 
 " May luiky dreams lake round my he^d this night, 
 And show my true-luive to ray longing sight." 
 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 162. 
 
 Lakin'— to play A.S. Idcan^ to play 
 
 " Laykyit, or thing that chyldryn pley wythe. Lu- 
 dibile." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Lang — long A.S. lang Fris. lange O.N. langr 
 
 " Whether he lyf lang or short while, 
 Bot thyng that es wlatsome and vile." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 632. 
 
 Langin' — longing, desiring Germ, verlangen 
 
 "And by swylke thoghtes for to hafe gret desire and 
 /a^zggjw^" to thise vertus. " — Hamp. Prose Treats, p. 37. 
 
 " Cum, Bet, says Jack, let's hev a smack ; 
 I've langH for t' boon a week. — 
 Here, tak it then, says Bet again ; 
 An' slap't 'im reet o' th' cheek." 
 
 North Lonsdale Magazine, p. 109. 
 
 Lang Crown — an apocr}'-phal personage who 
 
 is said to have outwitted the devil. 
 
 "It caps Lajtg Crown, an' he cap't t' aid Lad." 
 
 Z"' Ptvasion 0'' IPstoit, p. 4. 
 
56 
 
 Langlin' — tying the fore legs of horses, etc., 
 
 to prevent them straying. 
 
 ^^ Langdyn, or bynd to-gedder. Colligo. In the 
 noth to laftgel signifies to hopple, or fasten the legs 
 with a thong. To langle^ in Norfolk, implies to 
 saunter slowly, as if it were difficult to advance one 
 foot before the other." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " To Langel — properly to tie together the two 
 
 legs of a horse, or other animal, on one side ; as, 'to 
 /i5!;?§r/ a horse. ' Su. G. lang-a, to retard. " 
 
 Jamieson. 
 
 Lant — urine ; a game at cards Eng. loo 
 
 "It wus nowt oth' warld o God boh arron owd 
 lant." — Tim Bobbin. 
 
 Lap — to enfold 
 
 " Lappy7z, or whappyn yn clothys (happjm to-gedyr, 
 wrap togeder in clothes). Involvo." — Prompt. Parv. 
 " Bot it be a wyndyng clothe onely. 
 That sal be lapped obout his body. " 
 
 Pricke of Cotucience, 1. 841. 
 
 Lang-of — on account of A.S. gelang 
 
 Lash-kome — a comb for the hair 
 
 Lat — a lath Germ, and Du. lat 
 
 Lathe — a barn, or store house; '■'■Lathe., a 
 
 barn." ASH. " Za^'/^,?, which does not occur in its 
 proper place in the Promptorium, is possibly a word 
 of Danish introduction into the eastern counties. 
 Lade, horreum, dan. Skinner observes that it was 
 very commonly used in Lincolnshire. It occurs in 
 Chaucer : 
 
 "Why ne hadst thou put the capel in the lathe.'" 
 
 Reves Tale. 
 " Granarium, lathe. "—i?(?jf M.S. 17 c. xvii. "A 
 lathe, apotkeca, horreum." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
57 
 
 " Whyle t' fiddlers they're at wark i' t' leathe, 
 An' thrang their fiddles tuning. " 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 199. 
 
 Lea — a scythe Sw. lie ^ 
 
 Leace — to castigate 
 
 Leak — to look 
 
 Leat — late 
 
 Ledder — leather Dan. leader It is used as a 
 
 term of commendation in the following local rhyme : 
 ' ' That's mi lad o' ledder ! 
 
 When I kill mi cow thou sal hev t' bladder." 
 
 Lee — a lie A.S. lyge 
 
 Leemers — hazel nuts when ripe, separate 
 
 easily from the husks, and are then called brown 
 leemers Icel. lima, to cut away 
 '^Learner, Leemer, a nut that separates easily from 
 the husk, as being fally ripe." — Jamieson. 
 
 Leet — alight, as "day-/^^/,-" to alight, as "I 
 
 fell an' leet o' my heead. " 
 
 Leister- — a fish spear Su. G. liuster 
 
 "We walked to the river side above the bridge, 
 where all our tenants were assembled with poles and 
 spears, or rather ^Listers,'' for catching salmon." 
 
 Her Majesty Queen Victoria'' s ' ' Journal of our 
 Life in the Highlands, ^^ p. 125. 
 
 Letter i' t' cannel — a spark in the wick of a 
 
 candle denotes that a letter is coming to the house. 
 Lever— rather ; from A.S. leof, dear, compara- 
 tive, leofra. 
 
 " What? schal I buy it on my fleisch so deere ? 
 Yet had I lever wedde no wyf to yere ! " 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 5750- 
 
58 
 
 Ley — lea 
 
 "Ley, field after the crop is cut, clover ley, etc." 
 F. y. Furnivall in Gloss, to "Hymns to the 
 Virgin & Christ." 
 " Bi a forest as y gan walke 
 With-out a paleys in a leye." 
 
 Hymns to Virgin &= Christ, p. 95. 
 
 Lick — to beat 
 
 Lig — lie Icel. Hggja Su. G. Ugga A.S. licgan 
 
 " That ere he came to lig in his bed, 
 His dog and he full ill did tire." 
 
 The King and a poore Northern Man. 
 
 Lig-a-leam — to do bodily injury 
 Lile — little Dan. lille 
 
 " Afoore we gat to U'ston towoi, 
 I pluckt up heart an' spak reet out ; 
 She leeak't at me — the sweet lile lass — 
 But what she answered matters nout. " 
 
 y. S. Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 172. 
 
 Lily-white-Lady — a spectral apparition, haunt- 
 ing old manorial residences 
 
 Lilt — to Step lightly ; a song 
 
 " Come, Mary, link thi arm i' mine, 
 An' lilt away m' me." 
 
 Waugh's Lane. Songs, p. 15. 
 
 Lines — a certificate of marriage 
 
 Ling — heath ( Calluna vulgaris) Dan. lyng 
 
 Lish — smart, active ; another form of lithe 
 
 " At last some lish young souple lads 
 Their naigs frae t' steable brought. " 
 
 yohn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 201. 
 
59 
 
 Lisk — the groin 
 
 " His leskes laye alle lene and latheliche to schewe." 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 3280. 
 
 List — a border ; selvidge Du. /?>>/ A.S. /?>/ 
 
 " Then I drough me a-mong this drapers* my donet to 
 leome, 
 To drawe the lyste wel along • the lengore hit semede. " 
 Piers Plow. Text A, Pass. v. 1. 124. 
 
 Loave — offer Du. loven., to praise up, set a 
 high price on 
 
 Lob-sided — unwieldy, with one side heavier 
 
 than the other. South Eng. lop-sided, from E. lobe 
 
 Lock — a quantity; as, "What a Hie lock P' 
 
 Looan — a lane Fris. lona 
 
 " Across t' green fields an' down t' lang sunny looans, 
 A gud three mile an' mair." 
 
 J. S. Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 171. 
 
 Loppert — coagulated, as loppered milk Sw. 
 
 lope, rennet. 
 
 ^^ Lopered, coagulated, clotted. Ps. cxviii. 70; 
 Ixvii. 17. Dan. lohe, runnet, from lobe to run, run 
 together, hence to coagulate. Sw. lopa ihop, to curdle." 
 COLERIDGE. '^ Loper, coagulated, clotted, thick. 
 Prov. Dan. lubber, anything coagulated. O. N. laupa, 
 to run, congeal. O. H. Germ, leberen, to coagulate. 
 Harl. M.S. 4196 reads lopyrd." — Morris in Gloss, to 
 Pricke of Conscience. 
 
 " Bot wlatsome glet, and leper blode." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 459. 
 
 Loukin-tangs — an instrument for eradicating 
 weeds 
 
6o 
 
 Loup — to leap Sw. I'opa, to run 
 
 " When I'se wi' Nell my heart keeps such a rout, 
 It loups, and loups, as if it wad loup out. " 
 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 159. 
 
 Lounder — to lounge about in idleness 
 Lounter-pins — to whittle a piece of wood in 
 
 idleness, is to make lounter-pins. 
 
 Low — a flame 
 
 "O.N. logi Dan. lue, love. A.S. Iceg, lig O.E. 
 loge, leie. 
 
 And brint in their sinagog fire ful bright. 
 The lowe it swath sinfiil downright." 
 
 Gloss, to Fricke of Conscience. 
 
 Lucky-beekn— the small hammer shaped bone 
 
 (os Iiyoides) of the sheep, which children 'wear in 
 their clogs, or shoes, under the impression that it 
 will bring them luck. 
 
 Lug — the ear; short projectives upon pots, 
 
 pans, etc. : to pull the hair ; Sw. lugga. 
 "Come luive, quo I, I'll waanly tak thee down. 
 Stand off, thou gowk ! she answer' d with a frown. 
 Then with a spang lowpt down amang the hay. 
 I scratch' d my lug; what could I dui or say." 
 
 Ewan Clarke. Cumb. Ball. p. 155- 
 " The dish with Itigges that I do cany here. 
 Shews all my living is in good strong beer. " 
 
 The Fool of Alunc aster. 
 
 Lug-an'-a-bite — a children's game. An apple 
 
 is thrown to some distance, the boys then run for it, 
 and whoever obtains it first, bites at it until he is 
 compelled to throw it away again by the other boys 
 pulling his hair — and so on until the apple is all 
 eaten. 
 
 Luthobut — only look ; lit. look thou but 
 
,ft^.v.uX^e.^ - A. e^2c^ j.^^^,.^^^ 
 
6i 
 
 Maa — to mow, cut down 
 
 Maak — a maggot Sw. mask 
 "■Make, mathe, wyrm yn the fleshe." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Maapment — nonsense 
 
 ' ' Map'' merit — Martha — maf ment ! 
 Thou kna'sn't what thow says — 
 Thow fair torments my heart owt 
 
 Wi' thy Hie contrairy ways. " 
 Atithor of '^ Joe and the Geologist.'''' North 
 Lonsdale Magazme, p. i8. 
 
 Mackly-what — in some fashion 
 
 Maddle — to confuse, muddle 
 
 Mafifie — blunder O.E. mamelen, to babble 
 
 " I'll niver git heam while Bobby's my neam, 
 
 But maffle an' sing till I dee, dee, dee." 
 
 Author of '■'■Joe and the Geologist.'''' T. and R. p. 25. 
 
 Mafifle-horn — a blunderer 
 
 Maid — a clothes horse 
 
 Mak — kind, as "Thou's a queer ;;z«/^ of a chap." 
 
 Maikin — the common yellow iris (Iris Pseuda- 
 
 corus). 
 
 Mam — mother W. mam 
 Manegy — cross, ill-tempered 
 
 Manifaads — a particular kind of tripe, the 
 
 surface of which is covered with many folds ; the 
 small intestines. 
 
 " An' he laid the manifaads down, poor man, 
 An' he laid the manifaads down." 
 
 Old Local Song. 
 
62 
 
 Manish — manage 
 
 ' ' But that's a thing ye kna reet weel 'at I cud niver 
 manish. 
 An' sooa, ses I, if that ye want, I think I'd better 
 vanish." 
 
 Ulverston Mirror, Sep. 2 1st, 1867. 
 
 Happen — perhaps ; it may happen 
 
 ' ' Mappen I may, it cums, 7rC appeal I may ; 
 
 Asteed of Amen, I say nUappeti I may." 
 
 Author of ' ' Joe and the Geologist. " Cumb. Ball. p. 426. 
 
 Marra — a companion, an equal. Sc. marrow 
 
 ' ' I needn't now say any mee§.r, 
 It's settled I'se ga'in to Barra, 
 An' if I git back seaf an' sound. 
 To this sang I'll send ye a marra." 
 
 Ulverston Mirror, Sep. 14th, 1867. 
 
 May-gezzelin' — a fool ; lit. a May-gosling 
 
 May-gezzelin' day — the ist of May, when it 
 was customary to make fools of people, as on 'the 
 1st of April 
 
 Melder — a quantity 
 
 " Melder, the quantity of meal ground at once. 
 Icel. malldr, mohtura, from mala, to giind." 
 
 Jamieson. 
 
 " Under a pile o' hay they fand sic a melder o' meeal 
 — girt seeks full — an' dudn't they lug it owte i' varra 
 liletime." — Invasion d' Vston, p. 5. 
 
 Mell — a mallet; to meddle O.Yx. meslee 
 " For with us he so viells 
 *rhat within England dwells, 
 I wold he were somewhere else." 
 
 Skelton^s Satire on Wolsey. 
 
 Memaws — antics, mouthing 
 

 £<^^<?W.&4^ Cw VCt. \iV>^i£. 4 U*JiLi*i^ , a-j ^u* r^JvM^ -vt^tl^ [n<ro^) 
 
63 
 
 Mense — grace 
 
 "O.E. ijienske ixo'o^ A.S. mennisc, human." cole- 
 ridge. '^ Mensk, dignity of conduct; honour; dis- 
 cretion. Icel. menska, humanitas. " — yamieson. 
 The Old Saxon has meniiiski, humanity. 
 
 "Some wantin' mense, some wan tin' sense, 
 An' some their best behaviour." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 195. 
 "Now some o' t' mencefod rask. o' fwok, 
 As suin as things were settled, 
 When they'd yence hed a decent snack, 
 To set off heamewards fettled." 
 
 yokn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 201. 
 
 Mere — a lake Cp. V^'m.([e.r-mere, Buttev-mere, 
 Thirl-mere, and Mere Tarn Du. meer, a lake 
 
 Merry-begitan — a bastard 
 
 Middin — amanure heap, dunghill A.S. midding 
 
 ' ' A fouler myddyng saw thou never nane, 
 Than a man is with flesche and bane." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 628. 
 
 Midge — a term of endearment; as "Thow 
 lile midge," applied to a child ; anything very small 
 
 Miff-maff — nonsense (See Maffle) 
 
 Mirk — dark O.N. myrkr, darkness 
 
 Miscanter — a mis-adventure Cp. O.E. aimter, 
 an adventure 
 
 Mismaims — disturbs; as "That's a gud barn; 
 anybody may tak it up an' it niver mismaims itsel'. ' 
 Cf. Sc. mismae 
 
64 
 
 Moider — to embarrass, stupify, confuse 
 
 ' ' An' meat, an' drink, an' ither things, 
 Reet moider^ d vfere amang. " 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 194. 
 
 Moon-leet-flittin — a removal of goods during 
 
 the night to cheat the landlord 
 
 Mooter — a portion of meal, etc., which a 
 miller claims as his fee for grinding the grain. 
 Fr. mouture 
 
 Moppet — a pet 
 
 Mopsy — a term of endearment 
 
 " KXii'Ae. mopse, puellula^ — Prompt. Fm-v. NOTE. 
 
 Morgen — mud, dirt ; generally applied to the 
 
 roads — "T' rwoads er o' in a morgeii^'' i.e. covered 
 with mud. Dan. mog, muck 
 
 Mot — word ; " Thow's nea 'casion to put thy 
 
 mot'va..'''' 
 
 Moudiwarp — the mole ( Talpa vulgaris) A.S. 
 
 mold, earth, and -weorpan, to toss about 
 
 Muck-sweat — a high state of perspiration 
 
 Mufifatees — cufifs for the wrists 
 
 "Mittens, either of leather or of knitted worsted, 
 worn by old men. Icel. muffa Dan. 7noffe.'''' 
 
 yamieson. 
 
 Muggy — drizzly Icel. 7fmgga, mist 
 

 J^rj-tnA- - 
 
 ^_}OmAyeyt^ •» «v«-sft/vM-Jv£- '^ du«Ar 4 ^^^^^-^ feCv-^ 
 
65 
 
 Mull— dust 
 
 "Flem. mul, gemul, dust. Du. muUen, to crumble. 
 PL Du. 7null, loose earth, dust ; Cf. peat mtdl, the 
 dust and fragments of peat." 
 
 Morris — Gloss, to AUit. Poems. 
 
 Compare also Sw. mull, mould, dust. 
 " Gif I mele a lyttel more that mul am & askez." 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 736. 
 
 Mumle — to mutter Sw. munila Du. mommelen 
 
 " Of this matere I milite" momele ivil longe." 
 
 Piers Plow. Text A. Pass. v. 1. 21. 
 
 Mun — mouth Icel. mun Sw. mun 
 
 " Much maugre his mun, he mote nede suffer." 
 
 Allit. P. C. 1. 44. 
 
 Munge — to eat, munch 
 
 "Thei han I-maunget ouur muche* that maketh 
 hem grone ofte." 
 
 Piers Plow. Text A. Pass. vii. 1. 245. 
 
 Nagas — an abusive designation for a greedy, 
 
 stingy person Su. Goth, noga, stingy Cf. Sw. 
 1, strict, accurate 
 
 Naggin— tormenting, as a "naggin" pain 
 Dan, nage, to gnaw 
 
 Nar — near 
 
 Nather — neither A.S. ndthor 
 
 Natterin — ^jangling Teut. knoteren 
 
 Neaa — no A.S. na 
 
66 
 
 Nekf — fist O.N. hnefi Dan. n<zve 
 
 "Give me your w^^/ Monsieur Mustard-seed." 
 
 Midsummer Nighfs Dream, Act iv. Sc. i. 
 " Sweet knight I kiss thy neif.'''' 
 Second part of Hejiry the IV. Act ii. Sc. 4. 
 
 Neavy-nack — a game played by children with 
 marbles, buttons, etc. The hands, with the object, 
 whatever it may be, are placed behind the back, and 
 the following rhyme is repeated — " Neavy neavy 
 nack, whedder hand will ta tak." (See Neaf. ) 
 "Brough lass lak'd at neavy-nack." 
 
 Marie Lonsdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 281. 
 
 Neet-Haak — the night jar (Caprimulgus 
 
 EuroJxBus) 
 
 Neb — the nose A.S. Jieb 
 
 "Blod was his faire neb his -mid en depe an wide." 
 Pol. Rel. and Love P. p. 214, 
 
 Nesh — soft, tender A.S. nesc Germ. 7iass 
 
 "In the later Wyclififite version the word occurs as 
 follows, 2 Chron. xxiv. 27 : ' For thou herdist the 
 wordis of the book, and thi herte is maad neische. ' " 
 
 Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 "For to Destroy a Wrang Nayle, otherwise callyd 
 
 a Come. Take wylde tansey, and grjaide yt, and 
 
 make yt neshe, & ley it thereto, and it %vyl bryng yt 
 
 owght." — Pol. Rel. and Love P. p. 36. 
 
 "And the saul mare tender and nessJie 
 Than es the body with the flesshe." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 31 10. 
 
 Nessle — to nestle A.S. nestlian, to nestle 
 Nesp — to nip off the stalks of gooseberries 
 
 previous to preserving or cooking 
 

 U k" 
 
 MtrwJLe>i.M 
 
67 
 
 Niggert — a piece of iron placed at the side of 
 
 a fire grate to contract its width and save coals. 
 " ^Niggards, iron cheeks to a grate' grose; evidently 
 from E. niggard, as it is a parsimonious plan." 
 
 yamieson. 
 
 No'but — only, none-but 
 
 "Who may forgive synnes, nobiit God alone ?" 
 
 2 c. Mark, 7 v. (Wycliffe's.) 
 
 Noggin — a small measure, about half a gill 
 
 Gael, nagaire, a noggin 
 
 Noggy-wife-threead — a strong unbleached 
 
 thread 
 
 Nooas — nose 
 
 "Nease, neese, nose A.S. Dan. naese Su. G. 
 naesa. " — Jamieson. 
 
 "At Lancaster assizes, some years ago, Mr. (now 
 Lord) Brougham was cross-examining a witness, who 
 in some answer used the word humbug. ' 'Humbug !' 
 exclaimed Mr. Brougham, 'pray what do you mean 
 by hu.mbug ? ' After some hesitation, the witness re- 
 plied, ' Why, iv ah were to tell yaw as yaw'd a noice 
 nooase, aw sud be humbuggin yaw.' " 
 
 Harland in Ball, and Songs of Lane. 
 
 Nout — nothing 
 
 O— all; of 
 
 "There's bin two days this wick 'ot wey'n had nowt 
 at o'." 
 
 Harland'' s Lane. Ball. p. 217. 
 
 Oddments — odds and ends, scraps 
 
 Off-comes — strangers 
 
 "Eye ! eye ! Morkim Bay ye off-comes ca' t'." 
 
 Alfred Staunton, p. 6. 
 
68 
 
 Offen — frequent, often 
 
 Ofter — more frequently 
 
 0-maks — all kinds, all makes 
 
 Owre — over 
 
 " Owre a streme of watur clene, 
 Hit servyd as a brygge I wene." 
 
 Hall. Diet. 
 
 Outrake — common, near enclosed land O. E. 
 
 rayke, to wander about 
 
 " Outrake is a common term among shepherds. 
 When their sheep have a free passage from enclosed 
 pastures into open and airy grounds, they call it a good 
 outrake.'''' — Gloss, to Percy's Reliques. 
 
 Paamus — palm us, give us alms (See Aamus) 
 
 Paeps — a foolish youth; perhaps ixQXQ.paepes, 
 
 paps 
 
 "quhilk noe man, I trow, can deny that ever suked 
 the paepes of reason." 
 
 Ort/i. and Con. of Brit. Tongue. 
 
 Paddock — appHed indiscriminately to the 
 
 toad and frog Icel. padda Du. padde 
 The strange diet of the natives of Taracounte, in 
 India, is thus described : — 
 
 " Evetis, and snakes, 2.nA paddokes brode. 
 That heom thoughte mete gode. " 
 
 King Alis. v. 6126. 
 
 In the later Wycliffite version, the frogs that came 
 upon the land of Egypt, Exodus viii. 6., are called 
 Paddockis. 
 
 "Paddocke, crapavlf. My belly crowleth (croulle) 
 I wene there be some paddockes in it (grenouilles) 
 PALSG." — W^fzy in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 "Paddock cdlls.'"— Macbeth, Act i, so. I, 1. 9. 
 

69 
 
 Paddock-steeal — a fungus, toad-stool 
 
 "A padokstole, boletus, fungus, tuber, trusca, asper- 
 agus. CATH. ANG. Gerarde calls Fungi paddock 
 stooles. Teut. padden-stoele.'''' — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Palliass — a straw mattress Fr. paillasse, a 
 straw bed 
 
 Parlish — terrible, perilous, used as an intensi- 
 fying term 
 " O 'tis z. parlous boy." 
 
 Richard III. Act 3, sc. i, 1. 154. 
 "Thou art in 2. parlous state, shepherd." 
 
 As you Like it. Act 3, sc. 2, 1. 45. 
 "Thus Hercules, that ballats say, 
 'M.zA^ parlish monsters stoop." 
 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 8. 
 " That some day suin at Skinbumess 
 They'd hev z. parlish bout." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 194. 
 
 Parrock — an enclosure 
 
 " Parrok, or cowle. saginarium. Parrocke, a 
 lytell parke." palsg. — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 "Parrock, a small enclosure. A.S. pearroc." 
 
 Jamieson. 
 
 Pash — a fall, a blow, "a girt pash o' rain." 
 
 Cp. Dan. baske, to slap 
 
 " VWpash him o'er the face." 
 
 Trail, and Cress. Act 2, sc. 3, 1. 213, 
 
 "Piries and Plomtres' weore passchet to the 
 grounde." — Piers Plow. Text A, Pass. v. 1. 16. 
 
 Paupin' — ^moving about awkwardly 
 
 Peeakin — peeping 
 
 Peedlin' — creeping about slyly 
 
70 
 
 Pe^t — turf; a pet, a term of endearment, as 
 
 "Thow lilepedf." 
 
 " A pretty peat / it is best 
 Put finger in tlie eye, an she knew why." 
 
 Tarn, of Shrew, Act i, sc. i, 1. 78. 
 
 Peewit — the Lapwing 
 
 Pee-wittal — to micturate; always applied to 
 cliildren 
 
 Pelt — the skin Germ, pelz 
 
 Pelter — to be in a passion The G. pelzen 
 means to beat, abuse 
 
 Pen-fed — stall-fed 
 
 " My polyle that \s, penne-fed & partrykes bothe." 
 
 Allti. P. B. 1. 5; . 
 
 Pester — to annoy, torment O.Fr. empestrer 
 
 Pey-swads — the husks or shells of peas 
 
 Pesz-meeal cobble — whinstone, geologically 
 
 known as greenstone 
 
 Pick, or Puke — to vomit, throw up ; Shak- 
 
 speare VL^fs, puking 
 
 Pick-dark — dark as pitch. Jamieson gives 
 
 ^^ Pick-black— ^2£& as pitch." A.S. jpic^ pitch 
 " While the neet was dark z.% pick.^^ 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 244. 
 
 Piggin — a small wooden pail Gael, pigean 
 " They drank vnpiggins, pmts, or quarts, 
 Or ought that com' to han'." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 200. 
 
-^^j^^^fhH^ — 
 
 ■yyr~V' •'<:'.' -C 'i'-'l'X- 
 
71 
 
 Pig-nuts — earth nuts, the root of an umbelli- 
 ferous plant ( Btmium Jlexuosum) 
 "And I with my long nails will dig \he.e pig-nuts.'''' 
 Tempest, Act 2, sc. 2, 1. 172. 
 
 Pigsy — a term of endearment, as " Thow lile 
 
 pigsy. " A. S. piga, a little maid Dan. pige 
 
 Pike — pick K.'$>. pycan Dzn. pikke 
 " Pike not thi nose, and in especiall 
 Be right weU ware, and set hereon thi thought, 
 To-for thi soverain cracche ne rube nought." 
 "Stans Puer ad Mensam." Rel. Ant. v. i, p. 157. 
 
 Pilliver — the covering of a pillow, and some- 
 times the pillow itself; from A. S. pile, a pillow, 
 and Dan. vaar, a case 
 " For in his male he hadde a. pilwebeer." 
 
 Cant. Tales, 696. 
 
 Pinder — to burn, to over-roast meat A.S. 
 pinung, a pining, wasting away 
 
 Pippens — the seeds of the apple, pear, etc. 
 Dan. piplinger, pippins. The black pippins of the 
 apple are used, by the country youths and maidens, 
 as a charm to tell in what direction their future wife 
 or husband lies. The fresh pippins are used, and 
 are pressed between the finger and thumb until they 
 fly, the following verse being repeated meanwhile : — 
 ' ' Pippin pippin paradise. 
 Tell me where my love lies ; 
 East, west, north, south, 
 Kirkby, Kendal, Cockermouth?" 
 Relph of Sebergham, about 130 years ago thus 
 alludes to the custom, in his inimitable "St. Agnes' 
 Fast ; or the Amorous Maiden" — 
 " K pippin frae an apple fair I cut. 
 And clwose atween my thoom and finger put : 
 Then cry'd, where wons my luive, come tell me true ; 
 And even forret straight away it flew." 
 
 Cumb. Ball. p. 24. 
 
72 
 
 Pissebed — the dandelion 
 
 Pissemire — the ant (Formica) Fries, pisimme 
 Du. pis-miere, so called from its discharging moisture 
 like urine ; pis, urine, and mier, an ant 
 "He is angry as a, ptssemyre." — Caitt. Tales, 1. 7407' 
 
 Plain as a pike staff — a phrase of very common 
 
 occurrence, said of anything that is self-evident. 
 " 'Why silent, luive? and why that blushing cheek? 
 I hope 'tis right plain English that I speak.' 
 'Plain as a pike staff- — but what need I say? 
 I'se ready, and have been this monie a day.' " 
 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb. Ball. p. 162. 
 
 Pleany-pyat — a tell tale 
 
 Pobbies — porridge W. pobi, to bake 
 
 " We'r short o' pobbies fer ar Joe, 
 But that of course tha didn't know, 
 
 Did ta lad ? " 
 Laycock. Welcome Bonny Brid. 
 
 Pooak — a bag or sack A.S. pocca, a pouch 
 
 or bag 
 
 " In a. poke ful and blac 
 Sone he caste him on his bac." 
 
 Havelok, 1. 555. 
 
 Poppet — a term of endearment, a doll Fr. 
 
 poupee, a puppet, a baby 
 " Papyn, chylde of clowtys. Pupa." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 "Forby gives the word poppin, a puppet, and 
 poppin-shew, as still retained in use in Norfolk. He 
 supposes it to be derived from ^Popin, spruce, neat, 
 briske, prettie.' It may more properly, perhaps, be 
 derived from poupon, a baby. '■ Popet for childre to 
 play with, poopee.' palsg." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Pordy — short and fat Sw. p'dsa, to swell 
 
73 
 
 Porse — a purse O. Fr. borse 
 
 "And lyk a letherne/orj'' luUede his chekes." 
 
 Piers Plowman, Text A, Pass. v. 1. I lo. 
 
 Porsy — short of breath O. ^r.poussif, broken 
 winded 
 
 Pouk — a pock or bleb on the skin, a boil 
 
 A. S. pocca, a pouch. 
 
 Pot-skaar — a piece of broken pottery Dan. 
 
 potteskaar, a potsherd 
 
 Pow-cat — the Polecat (mustela putorins) ; an 
 animal which emits a strong disagreeable smell, 
 hence the phrase, to "stink like sipow-cai." O. Fr. 
 pnclent, stinking 
 
 Prog — to thrust W. procio 
 
 Proker — poker W. procio^ to thrust 
 
 Puddin-kite — an unfledged bird 
 
 Pudgy — fat M\[.pwg, a swelling 
 
 Puke — to vomit Cf. Germ, spucken, to spit 
 
 Pum — the implement (a kind of bat) with 
 which the knur is struck in the game of "Spell and 
 Knur." 
 
 Pummer — ^very large 
 
 Pund — a pound Su. G. pund 
 
 Pun-faad — pinfold, or pound for cattle which 
 have been found straying A.S. pyndan, to hinder, 
 to pound, shut in ; znAfald, a fold 
 
74 
 
 Put — to butt with the head W.pwHo, to push 
 
 "To put, or push, as with the head or horns, a 
 verb still in use in Yorkshire, has been derived from 
 Fr. boiiter, to butt." — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Pyannet — a Magpie, sometimes called Pyat 
 Gael, pighaidi W. piodeit 
 
 Quindam — a fifteenth; evidently a corraption 
 
 of Lat. Qiiindecem, fifteen. My authority for giving 
 this as a word used in Fumess, is the Rev. J. Park, 
 of Walney Island, who has favoured me with the 
 following excerpt from the Church Book. "The 
 poor Tax is charged in Dalton by the Lord's Rent — 
 every 3^'. \d. Lord's Rent pays \g. at the Qidndain — 
 1783 poor Tax 160 Qiundams. S. Hunter pays 
 towards the poor Tax a^. 2d. equal to Lord's Rent — 
 my proportion being 1.25 Farthg. at the Quindam." 
 Mr. Park informs me that so late as 1826 the rate 
 
 was assessed at 400 Quindams. 
 
 A tax called the Fiftene is thus spoken of in the old 
 
 poem "God Spede the Plough" written about 1500 
 
 A.D. 
 
 "To paye the Fiftene ayenst our ease. 
 Besides the lordys rente of our londe." 
 
 Raa — uncooked ; damp and chill Dan. raa 
 
 Raake — to hawk and spit A.S. hrczcan 
 
 Icel. hraka 
 
 Rabblement — rabble Lat. rabula, a brawler 
 
 Rackle — hasty, rash Icel. i^akkr, bold 
 
 " Wost thou whereof a racle tonge sei^veth ? 
 Right as a swerd for-kutteth and for-kerveth 
 An arm atuo, my dere sone, right so 
 A tonge cutteth frendschip al atuo." 
 
 Cant. Tales, 11. 172 7 1 -4. 
 
 Raffle — to entangle Du. rafelen 
 
75 
 
 Rag — hoar frost; perhaps from A.S. ragu, 
 blight, mildew 
 
 Rakein — gadding about Su. G. reka, to roam 
 I eel. rdka 
 
 Ram — ^rank, high flavoured Dan. ram^ rank, 
 rancid 
 
 Ramps — wild onions (Allium urshium) 
 
 "Linnaeus informs us, that the allium ursinum is 
 Gotlandis rams, Scanis ra?nsk, W. Gothis ramsloek. 
 The word is immediately allied to A.S. hrmnsa, 
 hramse, allium sylvestre, vel allium ursinum. But the 
 common origin is most probably Su. G. ram, Icel. 
 ramr, olidus, strong, harsh, rank, from its strong 
 smell. ' ' — Jamieson. 
 
 Ramison — a long tedious tale ; small talk 
 Dan. eit laitg ramse, a long rabblement. "He'd a 
 girt lang ramison to tell." 
 
 Randy-ruet — a blast upon a horn ; to break 
 
 . wind 
 
 "And Bleuh the Ro7ide Rtiwet- atte Rugge-bones ende." 
 Piers Plowman, Text A, Pass. v. 1. 193. 
 
 Rannel-bauk — a cross beam in the chimney 
 
 Ratch — to stretch A.S. r(zcan, to reach 
 
 Ratten — a rat Gael, radan Span, raton 
 
 "Ratun or raton. Rato, sorex." — Prompt Parv. 
 " I comawnde alle the ratons that are here abowte, 
 That non dwelle in this place with-inne ne with-owte." 
 Pol. Relig. and Love P. p. 23, 1. i. 
 
 Ratton-creak— a hook suspended from the 
 rannel-bauk, on which cooking utensils are hung 
 
76 
 
 Rawky — damp, foggy Icel. rakr 
 
 " Roky, or mysty. nebulosus." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Re^sty — rancid ; usually applied to bacon 
 "Reest as flesche (resty) Rancidus." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 " And for to seche so ferre a lytill bakon flyk, 
 Which hath long hanggid resty and tow." 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 29. 
 
 Rear — under-done meat, half cooked A.S. 
 
 krere, raw 
 
 Reir — to laugh Fr. rire Lat. ridere 
 
 Recklin — the last of a litter, which is generally 
 the smallest. The term is frequently applied to a 
 puny child ; from Dan. vrage, to cast out, reject 
 
 Red-raddle — soft fibrous iron ore (hcematife), 
 used by builders, etc. for marking wood W. rhuddel, 
 a ruddy hue 
 
 Reeden — cross-tempered 
 
 " If ya cud co what that lile reedan paddock meead 
 podish." — Sp. West. Dial. p. 14. 
 
 Reet — right ; a wright, as mill-r^i?/, wheel-reef 
 
 Render — to melt down suet or fat of any kind 
 Icel. renna, to cause to run 
 
 Raw — to repent A.S. hreowan 
 
 Riddle-bree^d — sour cakes made from tliin 
 dough or batter which has been allowed to stand 
 until acetous fermentation has set in O. E. cribil, a 
 riddle or seive 
 
 "Paliis cribarius, cribil di^ede"^~Rel. Ant. v. I, p. 9. 
 
77 
 
 Riff-rafF— sweepings, a reduplicate form of 
 
 raff, refuse, rubbish Germ, raffen, to sweep (See 
 Rip-rap) 
 
 Rift — to belch Dan. 
 
 Rin — run Moes. G. rinnan 
 
 Rip-rap — a worthless person Dan. rip-raps, 
 the rascality 
 
 Rive-rags — a destructive child Sw. rifva, to 
 pull asunder 
 
 Roan-tree — mountain ash (Pyrus auaiparia) 
 Sw. riinn, mountain ash 
 
 Robin-run i' th' hedge — goose grass (Galium 
 
 aparine) 
 
 Rone — the roe offish Suio. G. ron Dan. rogn, 
 spawn 
 
 Rooky — smoky A.S. reac, rec, smoke 
 
 Rooar — to roar, cry loudly A.S. rarian 
 
 Roum — room A.S. rum 
 
 "Mony renischche renkez, & yet is roum more." 
 
 Allif. P. B. 1. 96. 
 
 Rowly-powly — a rolled dumpling, made of 
 flour and suet 
 
 Ruck — a heap A.S. ricg O.N. hruka, a pile 
 Su. G. roek 
 
 Rumshun — a disturbance Icel. rumr^ a noise 
 Cf. O.E. rem, an outcry 
 
78 
 
 Ruttlin' — a rattling in the throat Du. reutelen 
 
 " And thin liond quaket : and thin throte riiteletgh." 
 Pol. Relig. and Love P. p. 221. 
 " & his teth shulle Ratelen. 
 & his throte shal Rotelen." 
 
 Ibid. p. 224. 
 
 Saa — saw; to saw; to sow Icel. sa Dan. suae 
 
 Sackless — useless A.S. sadeas, innocent 
 Icel. saklaicss, useless Sc. sackless 
 
 " Schal synful & sakhs suffer al on payne." 
 
 Allif. P. B. 1. 716. 
 
 Sad — firm W. sadiaw, to make firm. When 
 the flesh of a child is firm it is said to be "as sad^s 
 a boorde." Unfermented bread is also called '■'sad 
 bread." 
 
 Sal — shall 
 
 " For I sal se thine hevenes hegh, 
 And werkes of thine fingres slegh." 
 Met. Eng. Psalter, viii. v. 4, Sp. E. Eng. p. 82. 
 
 Saim — lard W. saim, grease Fr. saindoux, 
 hog's lard O. Fr. sain, lard Span, saijt, lard, 
 whence vb. sainar, to fatten, and sb. sainete, a taste 
 of grease, a relish. Cf. Germ, seivi, any viscous 
 fluid, such as honey ; also used of slime. 
 "Ge ne schulen eoten flesch ne saim bute i muche 
 
 secneise." — The Ancren Riwle, Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. i. 
 When Jonah was swallowed by the whale, according 
 
 to one of our old Lancashire poets of the 14th century, 
 
 he— 
 
 " Stod vp in his stomak, that stank as the deuel ; 
 Ther in saym & in sorghe that sauoured as helle." 
 Allit. P. C. 11. 274-5. 
 
 Sampleth — a piece of needlework ; corrupted 
 from Sampler Lat. exemplar 
 
79 
 
 Sang — a song A.S. sang 
 
 " For thai sal here thar aungel sang, 
 And the haly men sal ay syng oniang. " 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 9254-5. 
 
 Santer — to walk slowly, saunter 
 Sap-heead — a soft person A.S. sc^p, sap 
 
 Sap-whissel — a whistle made byboys, of willow, 
 
 when the sap is running. After the small branches 
 are cut to the proper form the bark is notched round 
 with a knife, it is then beat on the knee witlr the 
 knife haft, and the following lines are repeated : — 
 "Sip sap, sip sap, 
 Wilhe, Wilhe Whitecap." 
 
 Sarra — serve 
 
 " And uncle Megs has sent us beef 
 Will sarra us aw at dinner." 
 
 Miss Blamire. Cumb. Ball. p. 55. 
 
 Scablins — broken stones Icel. skapa, to shape 
 Cf. Dan. skabe 
 
 Schooder — the shoulder Du. schouder Dan. 
 
 skuldcr Sw. skuldra 
 
 Scop — a blow Du. schop^ a kick 
 
 Scop'rel — a circular disc of bone, which when 
 
 covered with cloth formed a button A. S. scapa7i, 
 to form. A spinner, or tee-totum, was frequently 
 made from these discs — hence the origin of the 
 phrase "I'll meak the' spin like a scop'rel." 
 ' ' Thae turns me mazy. Thae'rt war nor a scopperil. " 
 Watigk. Tufts of Heather, p. 211. 
 
 Scorrik — a fragment of anything 
 
8o 
 
 Scoup — a ladle 
 
 " I laade water with a scowp or any other thyng out 
 of a dytche or pytte." — Prompt. Parv. p. 283. 
 
 Scouder — hurry, confusion 
 
 Scraffle — an affray; to struggle O.N. skreflaz, 
 to keep one's feet with difficulty 
 
 " Keep up thy heart — ne'er fear ! 
 Our bits o' bairns '11 scraffle up, 
 Sae dry that sworry tear." 
 
 Atiderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 306. 
 
 Scram — the rind of cheese 
 Scrat — scratch Du. kratsen 
 
 ' ' And ilk ane scratte other in the face, 
 And thair awen flessch of-rjrve and race." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 737S' 
 
 Scratchins — the refuse of lard or tallow after 
 melting 
 
 Screed — a shred, a rag A.S. screade, a shred 
 Icel. skridna, to be torn 
 
 Scree — a shingly place on a hill side 
 
 Scroggs — arockyplace aboundingwith stunted 
 
 trees, as "Urs\vick Scivggs," near Ulverston Germ. 
 
 schrag, crooked A.S. scrob, a shnib Dan. skrog, 
 
 a shrivelled carcase 
 
 "Discoveres now sekerly skrogges and other, 
 
 That no skathelle in the skroggez skome us here-aftyre." 
 
 Morte Arthure, 11. 1641-2. 
 
 Scroo — to slide 
 
 Scrud — any portion of clothing, as "He 
 hedn't a scrud on him. " A. S. scnid, clothing 
 
1^0^ d (V t^iL ^♦^^•-y^ firt5^2^ *M.a^.) 
 
Scrow — in an untidy state 
 
 Scuff — nape of the neck 
 
 Scufter — in a hurry C£ Eng. scuffle 
 
 Scun — to throw, to fly through the air, to run 
 swiftly Cf. Eng. scud and skim 
 
 Sekf — certain, safe W. sef 
 
 Sekn — soon 
 
 Seap — soap Lat. sapo 
 
 Sear — a sore ; painful Su. G. saar Icel. and 
 A.S. sar, a sore, wound 
 
 Seater — any garment worn so thin as to be 
 almost in holes, is said to be "o' in a seater." O.N. 
 sigti, Dan. sigte, Sw. sikt, a sieve 
 
 Seaves — rushes Sw. sdf Dan. siv, a rush 
 
 Seav — to save 
 
 Seav-o' — save all; a box with a narrow opening 
 through which children drop their money (savings) 
 
 Sebben — seven Germ, sieben 
 
 Sed — said 
 
 "I'se neither am blinde nor drunke, he sed.'''' 
 
 The King and a Poor Northerne Man. 
 
 Seea-Pye — the Oyster-Catcher 
 
 Seea-Maa — Sea-Mew, any of the Gulls 
 6 
 
82 
 
 Sek — sack Du. sak^ sek Dan. scBk W. sac 
 " Seh, of clothe or lethyr. sacus." — Prompt. Parv. 
 " On a sek ful of fedyrs, for scho schuld syt soft." 
 Tourn. of Tott. Percy's Rel. p. 93, 1. 76. 
 
 Selt— sold 
 
 Semple — poor, as in the phrase "gentle and 
 semple " — rich and poor 
 
 Sen' — since 
 
 " It's nobbut this time last year, come tomom, 
 Sen! me an' Polly walkt to U'ston fair." 
 
 Stanyan Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 171. 
 
 Service-silver — an old manorial tax, payable 
 when the heir to the manor attains his majority. It 
 is now said to be for the purchase of silver spoons. 
 
 Settle — a seat, or bench A. S. setl, seat, bench, 
 or stool 
 
 ShafF — pshaw, nonsense 
 
 Shafflin — vacillating, prevaricating E. shuffle 
 
 Sham — shame 
 
 " For when they pray, 
 Ye shall have nay, 
 What so they sey, 
 
 be ware, ffor sham I " 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 1, p. 23. 
 
 Shandry-dan — a cart fitted up with springs 
 
 Shap — shape 
 
 " Therfor bide at home, what so ever hap, 
 Tylle the world be turnyd into another shap.''^ 
 
 Rel. Ant. v, 2, p. 29. 
 
83 
 
 Shede — to part the hair 
 
 "To shede one's heed, parte the heares evyn from 
 the crown to the myddes of the foreheed. palsg. 
 From the Ang. Sax. sceadan, separare." 
 
 Way in Prompt. Parv. p. i88. 
 
 Sheule — to walk with a shuffling gait 
 
 "To schayle, degradi, et degredi. cath. ang. 
 ' Schayler, that gothe croked with his legges, ge vas 
 eschays. I shayle with the fete, gentretaille des pieds. 
 PALSG. " — Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Shilla — the small pebbles on the beach 
 
 Shive — a slice of bread Germ, scheibe Dan. 
 skive, a shoe 
 " And of your softe breede but a schivere." 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 7422. 
 
 Shool — a spade 
 
 Shuppen — a cow house A.S. scypen, a stall, 
 stable 
 
 " Lang afoore we saaw t'leet, 
 He was fashing hard ; 
 Indure, out o' dure, 
 I' shuppen, field, an' yard." 
 Stanyan Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 170. 
 
 Sic — such 
 
 " For t' time flang by at sic a reate. 
 Titter nor wings o' birds." 
 
 Stanyan Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 171. 
 
 Sic-an-sic-like — all of a character 
 
 Sile — to strain, or filter Sw. sila 
 
 Sind — to rinse or wash 
 
 '■' Synd, to synd Aovm one's meat." — Jamieson. 
 "O.N. S2ind, swimming." — Atkinson. 
 
Sipe — to drain ; also to drink, as '^Sipe'xt off" 
 W. sipiaw, to sip Piatt. D. sipen, to ooze, trickle 
 
 Skaar — fear I eel. skjarr, fearful, timid 
 Su. G. sky, terror, horror 
 
 Skell— shell 
 
 Skelp — a blow Icel. skelfa., to strike Gael. 
 
 sgeilp, a stroke " A skelp on t' lug." 
 
 Skelter — to run quickly Sw. skala, to scamper 
 
 Sken — to squint ; to look slyly with the eyes 
 
 " 'Let's see, isn't that him 'at skens a bit ?' 'A bit, 
 says ta, lass ? It's aboon a bit, by Guy. He skens ill 
 enough to crack a looking glass, welly. His e'e-seet 
 crosses somewhear abeawt th' end on his nose.'" 
 
 Waitgh. Sketches of Lane. Life, p. 25. 
 
 "Aw' 11 may sombry skett abeawt that jackass o' 
 mine." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 94. 
 
 Skiander — to disperse, spread about A. S. scylan 
 
 Skift — to remove Sw. skifta Dan. skifte 
 
 " Loke ye sTcyfte it so that us no skathe l3rmpe." 
 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1643. 
 "& oft bothe blysse & blunder 
 Ful skete hatz skyfted synne." 
 Sir Gaw. and Green Knt. Sp. E. Eng. p. 220. 
 
 Skilf— ashelf A.S.;ro'^^,ashelf Qi.%c.skelj 
 
 Skirl — to cry, to call loudly Su. G. skorl, an 
 
 outcry 
 
 Skitters — diarrhoea Icel. skitr 
 
^l?CaVj^( iCoUf' UJi yU. ^^iZmx^j "a^ Jvtii^ \MU> U 
 L , 3 \Zu\J^ viCo-e^ |tyWl- )Lt ^*^-c-/vivM^ 'l i^^^li^ 
 
85 
 
 Skoggars — a covering for the arms, to protect 
 them from being sun-burned. They were usually 
 made of old stockings with the feet cut off Su. G. 
 skugga, a shade Icel. skygga, to shade Cf Sc. skug, 
 a shade, what defends from heat 
 
 Slaa — slow A.S. sldw 
 
 Sleea — the fruit of the black thorn A.S. sld 
 Dan. slaa 
 
 Sleea-worm — the slow worm or blind worm 
 
 (A nguis fragilis ) 
 
 Slaak — to work in a dirty or slovenly manner ; 
 to slobber and kiss Su. G. slaska, to make sloppy 
 
 Slair — to move about in an indolent way 
 
 Slamp — soft, loose Dan. slap, loose " This 
 barne mun be badly, it fleish's varra slamp." 
 "But what's up witho? Thae looks very slamp 
 
 abeawt th' face." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 32. 
 
 Slape — smooth, slippery, bare A '■'■ slape 
 feace" is one devoid of whiskers. " 3'Z(7/5^ scope," 
 a bald head. " T' ice is varra slape'' ^ — smooth and 
 slippery O.N. sleipr 
 
 Slapper — any large object 
 
 Slash — wet; miry, as "a varra slashy day." 
 Dan. slaske Sw. slask Su. G. slaska 
 
 Slatter — to spill water about 
 
 Sledder — to move slowly 
 
 Sleeveless — useless 
 
 " He thinks o' nought i' th' world but race-runnin', 
 an' wrosthn', an' pigeon flyin', an' sich like sleeveless 
 wark." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 319. 
 
86 
 
 Slipe — a stroke ; to drink, as " Slipe off thi 
 glass an' cu' thi ways ;" also to cheat 
 " Slouen alle at a slype that served ther-inne." 
 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 1264. 
 
 Slobber — to make a noise in eating 
 
 Slocken — to quench thirst ; to cool hot iron, 
 or the fire Cf. Su. G. slockna Sw. slockna, to be 
 extinguished 
 '■^ Slohiynge, or quenchyng." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Slonk — a lazy slinking fellow 
 
 Slotch — a drunken character Cf. O.N. slceki, 
 slokr, an inactive, dull person 
 
 Sluff — the skin of a gooseberry 
 
 Slutch — mud W. yslwch A.S. slog, slough 
 When Jonah was cast forth from the whale's belly 
 we are told : — 
 
 " Thenne he swepe to the sonde in sluchched clothes." 
 
 Allit. P. C. 1. 341. 
 
 Smack — a blow with the open palm, as "I'll 
 
 smack thi mouth." 
 
 Smiddy — a smith's shop Sw. smedja, a smithy 
 Su. G. smida, to smite 
 
 Smittal — infectious, contagious W. ysmotiau, 
 to spot Dan. smitsom, infectious Belg. smettelick 
 
 Smooar — to smother A.S. smorian 
 
 " He smorit thame with smuke." 
 
 Gloss, to Pricke of Conscience. 
 
 Snail's-trot — a slow pace 
 
 Snaa — snow A.S. sndw 
 

87 
 
 Snape — to snub, check Icel. sneipa Dan. 
 S7tibbe, to answer anyone sharply Of. snip, nip, &c. 
 " U r laverd snaips thir tua tuns. " 
 
 Notes to Pricke of Conscience, p. 268. 
 
 Snarled — entangled, twisted Dan. sncere, a 
 
 snare ; snore, a lace 
 
 " Palsgrave gives the verb ' I snarle, I strangle in a 
 halter, or corde, ye estrangle: My greyhounde had 
 almost snarled hym selfe to night in his own leesse. ' 
 See Forby's Norfolk Dialect, v. 'Snarl, to twist, en- 
 tangle, and knot together as a skein.'" 
 
 Way in Prompt. Parv. 
 "And from her head oft rent her snarled \i.2^x.'''' 
 
 Spencer's Fairy Queen, B. iii. Canto xii. 
 
 Sneck — the latch of a door or gate 
 
 "Their kisses just sound like the sneck of a yett." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 339. 
 
 Snerl — to turn up the nose in contempt, as 
 
 "Thow needn't snerl up thi nooas, I'se as gud as 
 thee." Dan. snerpe, to wrinkle Sw. knorla, to 
 twist, to curl 
 
 Snerp — to shrivel up Dan. snerpes, to grow 
 
 contracted Sw. snorpa 
 
 "I snurpe, I snobbe, I sneipe on snout e." 
 Poem on Old Age 14th Cent. Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 211. 
 
 Snert — to emit a sound from the nose in 
 mockery or scorn, as "Snertin^ an' laffin'." 
 " Snvrlyn, or frowne wythe the nese for scorne or 
 
 shrewdenesse. Nario." — Prompt Parv. Cf snort 
 
 Snifters— a cold in the head, accompanied by 
 
 snuffling in the nose Su. G. sityfsta, snyfta, to sniff 
 
Snifter — a cold wind ; a cold day 
 
 " Icel. siKEfur, frigidus, austerus." — Jamieson. 
 " He got a gey snifter gain' our the muir." 
 
 Gregor. Dialect of Banffshire. 
 
 Snod — neat, trim O.N. snodinn N. snbydd, 
 made smooth 
 
 Snot — mucus from the nose A.S. snote Dan. 
 
 snot 
 " His neys smellid of the Jew's sjtot and foul spitting." 
 Gloss, to Pricke of Conscience, p. 318. 
 
 Snotty — a dirty person ; a saucy fellow 
 
 Snout-band — a piece of sheet iron nailed upon 
 the fi-ont (snout) of a clog sole. In South Lanca- 
 shire the neat clogs of the factory girls are snouted 
 with brass 
 
 Sogram — a person inactive through fatness 
 
 W. soegen, a swaggy female ; soeglyd, puffed Gael. 
 seachran Ex. "Thow lile fat sogram." "That 
 bame's a fair sogram J'' 
 
 Sooa-sooa — be quiet, as '^Sooa, sooa, barnes" 
 
 Soople — pliant, flexible; a thrashing, as "I'll 
 soofle thi hide for the." Sc. souple Fr. souple 
 Gael, subailt 
 
 Soppy — wet, plastic, sloppy 
 
 Soss — the sound caused by a soft body faUing; 
 
 "I cud hear t' soss.'''' "I tummelt wi' sic a soss on 
 t' ice." 
 
 Sotter — to boil slowly ; the sound emitted in 
 
 boiling by any thick substance, as oatmeal porridge 
 A.S. seothan, to seethe 
 

89 
 
 Sotus — Salt-house, the name of a hamlet near 
 Ulverston 
 
 Souk — to suck A.S. sucan 
 
 " Thai sal for threst the hevedes souke 
 Of the nedders that on tham sal rouke." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 6764. 
 " The cradil at hire beddes feet is set, 
 To rokken, and to give the child to souke.'''' 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 41 54- 
 " Surge mea sponsa, swete in sight, 
 And see thi sone thou gafe souke so scheene. " 
 
 Hymns to the Virgin and Christ, p. I. 
 
 So'der — to join, to solder W. sawdrio 
 
 Sour-dock — wild Sorrel 
 
 * ' Sowre Dolcke (herbe). " — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Sowen — very great , 
 
 Span-new — quite new 
 
 '"'' Spannew, lit. 'as new as a chip,' from A. S. spon, 
 a chip ; cf. Swed. spillerney — span new, with Sw. 
 spiltra, a splinter, and Eng. spill." — Coleridge. 
 
 Spang-wiew — "To place anything on one end 
 of a board, the middle of which rests on a wall, and 
 strike the other end smartly, so as to make it start 
 suddenly up, and fling what is upon it violently 
 aloft." — Jamieson. Seldom done to anything but 
 Toads or Frogs 
 
 Sparrabls — Sparrow-bills, small nails used by 
 shoemakers 
 
 Spe^d — a spade A.S. spdd 
 
 Speal-beean — the small bone of the leg (Fi- 
 bula) A. S. spelc, a splint 
 
90 
 
 Spean'd — wean'd, as "Mally, hev ye spean^d 
 that bame yet." Halliwell gives Speans, as used in 
 Kent for teats A. S. spana, teats Sw. spetie, a teat 
 
 Spell — a portion of time, as "He's hed a lang 
 spell on^t." A.S. spelung, a turn, change 
 
 Spink — the Einberiza Citrinella W. pine 
 
 Spittin' — a slight shower 
 
 Sprag — to chock a wheel by putting a piece 
 of wood in the spokes 
 
 Sprint — a short race ; a spring at the end of 
 a race 
 
 Sprod — the young of salmon 
 
 Sproguin — strutting; wandering, or rambling 
 
 about 
 
 Cf. " 'Sproaging, courtship mider the shade of 
 night ;' and ' To Sprog, Sproag, to make love under the 
 covert of night.' A.S. spreocan, loqui Su. G. sprok, 
 colloquium. " — Jamieson. 
 
 Sprush — to deck ; to put in order ; to dress 
 
 up in best clothes Cf Eng. spruce Sc. sprush 
 " Geh 'wa an' sprush yirsel up." 
 
 Gregor. Dialect of Banffshire. 
 
 Spy-eye — I spy; a children's game 
 
 Squib — half a glass of any liquor, as "a squib 
 o' gin." 
 
 " Seeah after he'd keearfully lapt up his dibs, 
 As a sooart o' resate he steead for squibs.'''' 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. 24. 
 
 Squeel — to scream 
 


 t\A*JL*ls4^u^i^ 
 
91 
 
 Stang — a cart shaft Icel. staung Dan. sta7ig 
 Belg. sfange 
 
 Stang — the sting of a Bee or Wasp "Icel. 
 
 stanga, pungere." 
 
 Stang — a pole. To ride the stang wag a 
 punishment "intended for those husbands who beat 
 their wives." If the culprit could not be laid hold 
 of, a boy was placed on the pole or ladder, and car- 
 ried shoulder high round the town or village, and on 
 the route he chaunted a doggrel rhyme such as the 
 following : — 
 
 " It isn't for my part 'at I ride this stang ; 
 It is for Johnny Johnson 'at hes done wrang." 
 Should the victim be a woman, who having assumed 
 the breeches, asserts her right to wear them by 
 knocking her liege lord down, the rhyme would be 
 something like the following : — 
 
 " Ting tang to the sign of the pan ! 
 Our good neighbour's wife 
 She has beat her goodman. " 
 Jamieson says "a henpecked husband was also sub- 
 jected to this punishment." Su. G. nidsfaeng, the 
 pole of infamy 
 
 Stank — a ditch or pool Su. G. staang 
 
 Stean — a stone; a 141b. weight A.S. staji 
 Su. G. sten Icel. steinn 
 
 Ste^n-chek — the wheat-ear Sw. stensqvdtta 
 
 Stee — a stile j a ladder Dan. stige Icel. stigr 
 A.S. stigan, to ascend ; sfceger, a stair 
 
 Stegg — a gander Icel. steggr N. stegg, a male 
 
 bird 
 
 ' ' An' its a steg 
 • That's lost its leg." 
 
 Nursery Rhyme. 
 
92 
 
 Steeak — to shut, to fasten ; to secure with a 
 stake A. S. stician, to stick in Germ, stecken 
 "& when ye am staued, styfly stekez yow therinne." 
 
 AKL P. B. 1. 352. 
 "& steken the yates ston-harde wyth stalworth barrez." 
 
 Ibid. L 884. 
 " He steeks the fa'-yett softly too." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 309. 
 
 Stele — a stile or ladder, the diminutive of 
 
 stee (See Stee.) 
 
 Stickin'-bit — the neck-end of mutton 
 
 Stiddy or Stithie — an anvil Icel. stethi 
 
 "Of these, thre be, as it were, hammers stryking, 
 and the rest stiddtes, kepping the strakes of the ham- 
 meres." — Orth. and Con. of the Brit. Tongue, p. 12. 
 " Als it war dintes on a stethi, 
 That smy thes smittes in a smethey. " 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, preface, p. ix. 
 
 Stime — to see the faintest form of anything, 
 as "I can't see a stime.'''' Su. G. stomine, an outline 
 "It was pick dark, ya cuddn't see a stime." 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. 14. 
 
 Stirrup-oil — a flogging with a strap 
 Stived-up — crowded in a small space Sw. 
 
 stufva, to stew 
 
 St. John's Nut — a double hazel nut 
 
 Sto'-fed — full to repletion Germ, sfauen, to 
 
 stow away 
 
 Stoo — a stool 
 
 Stoop — a post, as "Gate stoop " Su. G. sto/pe, 
 a support 
 
^•^^B^tC VniMJ^. 4lX<^ J' [ii,. V^\Ai Cjli4J£Jifl^ C^ Urxsui- \%ufV<.] 
 
 
93 
 
 Stordy — stiff in opinion, as "Don't be sooa 
 
 stordy, for thow kna's thow's wrang ; " a stiff built 
 person, as "He's a rare stordy lad" A.S. stor, 
 great, vast Dan. storked, bigness 
 
 Stotter — to stagger about 
 
 Stouk — a sheaf of corn Cf Germ, stauche, 
 a truss or bundle of flax, etc. 
 
 Strang — strong, powerful A.S, Strang 
 
 "Be he nevjrr so Strang a thefe. " 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 109. 
 
 Stranger — a flake of carbon fluttering on the 
 fire grate is said to betoken the coming of stranger 
 " See yo, Sam, a stranger uppo th' bar, theer." 
 
 Waugh. Sketches of Lane. Life, p. 28. 
 
 Streak — struck, as "He streak me ower t' 
 lug." Germ, streichen 
 
 Streakt — stretched ; generally used with full 
 or lang prefixed, as ^^ lang streakt," lying at full 
 length A.S. streccan, to make prostrate 
 
 Strinkle — to sprinkle ; scatter about 
 
 '■'■ Strenkelyn, or sprenkelyn." — Prompt.\Parv. Cf. 
 
 straggle 
 
 "I schal strenkle my distresse & strye al togeder." 
 
 Allit. P. B. 307. 
 
 Stupe — a foolish fellow Lat. stupeo, to be 
 stupified 
 
 Stutter — to stammer; confusion, as "Hewos 
 
 o' in a stutter.''^ Du. stotter en Germ, stottern 
 
 Sudn't — should not 
 Suff— a drain 
 
94 
 
 Sump — a deep pit, at the shaft foot of a mine 
 Dan. swtip, mire, puddle 
 
 Sumph — a soft fellow 
 
 Swad — the shell or pod of Peas and Beans 
 Du. zwaad Germ, schwaden Cf. Eng. swathe and 
 swaddle 
 ' ' Like peighs i' one sui<ad. " 
 
 Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 24. 
 
 Swallow-hooal — holes frequently met with in 
 the Limestone of Fumess, which swallow up all the 
 water poured into them. In some instances the 
 water lodges in cavernous fissures of the rock ; and 
 in others it traverses some distance under ground, 
 and then makes its appearance again on the surface. 
 It is said that chaff thrown into a Swallow-hole at 
 Lindal Moor, re-appears at Yarl-Wells, Dalton, a 
 distance of about two miles 
 
 Swammel — to climb a pole or tree 
 
 Swankin — anything very large 
 
 Swanky — small beer, or weak ale; Cf. Wankle 
 
 infra 
 
 Swap — to exchange "Dick thinks he's a gud 
 
 wife, but I wodn't swap him for two like his. " Icel. 
 skipfa, to change 
 
 Sward — the rind or skin of bacon 
 
 " Swarde, or sworde of flesche (swad or swarde) 
 Coriana. A. S. swtard, cutis porcina. ' ' — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Swarm — same as Swammel 
 
 " He JWflr;w^fl? up into a tree." — Syr Isenbras, 351, 
 (Halliwell) Cf. Eng. worm, to wriggle, twist 
 
95 
 
 Swash — watery food ; another form of wash, 
 intensified with the addition of s 
 
 " If ye itt 'em when they're swash, 
 They'll fill yer belly full o' trash." 
 
 Lons. Mag. v. i, p. 512. 
 
 Sweal — to flare in burning, as when a candle 
 bums down on one side A. S. swelan, to bum . 
 
 Swelter' d — over-power'd with heat; melted 
 
 with heat, as "Bless o', barne, it's parlish yat. I'se 
 fairly swelter' d.'''' " It's a swelterin^ yat day." A.S. 
 swelan, to bum 
 
 Swerd — a sword A.S. swerd 
 
 Swill — a flat basket A.S. swethil, a swathing 
 band 
 
 Swill — to wash down A.S. swilian, to swill, 
 
 wash 
 
 "Here, sup; an' swill those hay-seeds eawt o' thi 
 throttle." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 207. 
 " Pottes and dyshes for to swele," 
 
 Sp. E. Eng. p. 117. Morris. 
 
 "Ful wel kan ich dishes swilen." 
 
 Havelok the Dane, 1. 919. 
 
 Swiller — a basket maker 
 
 Swin'd — twisted, warped Dan. svinde, to 
 shrink, cockle 
 
 Swinger — very big 
 
 Ta — thou; to; as "Will ta (thou) ga ta U'ston 
 fair?" 
 
 Tack — flavour, as "It's a queer tack wi' it." 
 Sw. tag, a touch 
 
Tackle — to put right; to lay hold of W. taclu, 
 to deck 
 
 Taffled — entangled ; another form of Caffled 
 
 Taggelt — a ragged person ; useless ; always 
 used as a term of contempt, as "Thow nasty dirty 
 taggelt." "Thow drukken taggelt." Sw. taaga, 
 a fibre, a tear 
 
 Taistrel — a booby ; used in the same way as 
 Taggelt Dan. tosse 
 "Thow drukken taistrel, thow." 
 
 7" Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 8. 
 " Up brouc'd the taisfrels in a leyne." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. BalL p. 218. 
 
 Tait — a small fluff on the clothes or elsewhere 
 
 Icel. tceta 
 
 Tak — take Icel. taka 
 
 Tang — a strong flavour 
 
 " Tongge, or scharpnesse of lycure yn tastyng. 
 Acumen." — Prompt. Parv. 
 
 ' ' Forby gives ' Tang, a strong flavour generally, but 
 not always an unpleasant one.' Fuller says of the best 
 oil, 'it hath no tast, that is tang, but the natural gust 
 ofoyl.' Skinner derives the word from the Dutch 
 Tangwe, acer.^'' — Way in Ibid. 
 
 Tang — a tongue, or that portion of a knife, 
 fork or other instrument, which is inserted in the 
 haft A.S. and Dan. tunge 
 
 Tangle — sea weed Dan. fang, sea weed 
 Du. tang 
 
 Tangs — a pair of tongs A..^. tange Du. tang 
 
 Tantrum — a rage W. tant, a whim or flight 
 

97 
 
 Targus — worthless Gael, tair^ contempt 
 Tarn — a mountain lake Icel. tjorn 
 Tarrant — an ill-natured, crabbed person A. S. 
 
 torn, anger 
 
 Ta-t'-foore — ready prepared ; already saved 
 " An' sum may be ta f foore for t' bams, 
 When we ga under t' grund." 
 
 North Lons. Mag. p. 19. 
 
 Ta-yeere — this year ; metaphorically, a long- 
 time, or never 
 "Yit had I lever wedde no wyf to y ere." 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 5750' 
 
 Teea — toe A.S. ta Dan. taa 
 Tead-in-a-pot — formerly a common mode of 
 
 bewitchmg any one was to put a toad in a jar, and 
 cover it closely ; as the toad dwindled away, so would 
 the person bewitched 
 
 Tead-spit — same as Cuckoo-spit 
 
 Tean— the one, as " Teck t' tean an' leav t' 
 
 udder;" taken, as "Thow's tean my hat asteed o' 
 thi aan." 
 
 Teav — to tumble anything about, to unravel 
 
 Dan. tievsle, to unravel, unweave 
 
 Teddisum — tedious 
 
 Teem — to empty, to pour out Dan. totn, 
 
 empty, t6in7ner, to make void Icel. t677ir, empty 
 " Temyn, or maken empty. Vacuo, evacuo." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 "Tittez tirantez doune, and temez theire sadilles." 
 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 1801. 
 
98 
 
 Teemin' — pouring, as "It's fair rainin' and 
 teemifC down." 
 
 Telt— told 
 
 Terble — terrible 
 
 Tew — to tire, fatigue A.S. teon, to tug 
 Cf. Toar 
 
 Tewat — the Lapwing ( Vanellus cristatus.) 
 
 Thack — thatch, a roofing of straw A.S. thcec 
 
 Icel. thak 
 
 " He coude theche a hous, and daub a wall." 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. I, p. 43. 
 
 Thible — a porridge stick 
 
 " Her tung — it makes mo fair go cowd, 
 Sin th' day hoo broke my nose i' th' fowd 
 Wi' th' edge o'th porritch thible.'''' 
 
 Waugk. Lane. Songs, p. 44. 
 
 Thick-Dicks — a cant expression for thick 
 
 porridge 
 
 Thimmel-pie — a blow on the head with the 
 thimble on a woman's finger 
 
 Thoum — thumb Dan. tomme 
 " Yur tkowmes berith moch awai." 
 
 Rel. Ant. v. 2, p. 176. 
 " To the thowme goth that on branche, 
 The cardiacle he wol stanche." 
 
 Ibid. V. I, p. 190. 
 
 Thoum-butter-ceak — an oatmeal cake upon 
 which the butter is spread with the thumb 
 

99 
 
 Thow's-like — used as an equivalent for "it's 
 only reasonable," as "Eigh, thow mun ga, thaw's 
 like ;'''' " I kna thow can du it, thovtfs like." 
 
 Thow wastes thy wind — said of any one whose 
 
 language is unavailing 
 " Thou wasfist thi wynde & spillist tlii speche, 
 Thi wordis me is looth to heere." 
 
 Hymns to the Virgin and Christ, p. 67. 
 
 Thra — throw A.S. thi-dwan, to throw 
 
 Thra'in t' stockin' — a custom formerly prac- 
 tised by young people at weddings, of throwing a 
 stocking over the shoulder at the bride and bridegroom 
 as they sat in bed. Whoever hit the mark was 
 expected to be married within the year. 
 
 Thrang — busy A.S. thrang, crowded A.S. 
 thringan, to press 
 
 " In helle salle be than swa gret thrang." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 7364. 
 
 Threap — to contend, dispute A.S. threapian 
 O.N. threfa 
 
 " But tou mun ayways threep yen down." 
 
 Miss Blamire. Cumb. Ball. p. 51. 
 " Wyth tham to threp that has lyfed ille here." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 5407- 
 
 Throo or Thruff— a through is a stone of such 
 a length that when in building a wall it projects on 
 each side ; their use is to bind or give solidity to the 
 structure 
 
 " Then girt Joe Bruff gat on a thruff. 
 An' rais'd a fearfu' rout." 
 
 John Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 194. 
 
 Thropple — the throat, or windpipe A.S. 
 throt-bolla 
 
Tlirbp's-wife — an apocryphal personage who 
 
 was said to be always throng, or busy, giving rise to 
 the common phrase "As thrang as Throp s wife,'''' 
 evidently a corruption of Thorpis wife 
 
 Thrums — the ends of thread, or yarn Icel. 
 
 thromr, an edge Germ. trumi?t Du. droni, the 
 end of a thing 
 
 Thrush-louse — the wood louse ( Oniscus), a 
 crustacean of the order Isopoda 
 
 Thud — a heavy fall or blow; from the sound, 
 same as thump and bump A. S. thoden 
 
 Thumpin — anything very large ; a beating 
 
 Thunner — thunder A.S. thuner 
 
 " Boh th' hairy mon had miss'd my thowt, 
 An' th' clog fair crackt by th' thunner bowt." 
 
 Waugk. Sketches of Lane. Life, p. 103. 
 
 Tice — to induce, to tempt ; an abbreviation 
 of entice 
 
 " Adam ansuerd with wykyd wyll 
 The eddyre tysed me theretyll." 
 
 JIalL Diet. 
 
 Tickle-tail — a loose woman 
 
 " Heo is Tikel oi\iv!:e Tayl." 
 Piers Flowman, Text A, Pass. iii. 1. 126. 
 
 Tickle-tail — a birch rod 
 
 Tift — bodily condition " I'se in rare tift fer 
 
 owte.ta-day." 
 
 Tifter — a hurry, bustle, as "Du it quietly 
 now, an' don't be i' sic a tifter ower it. " 
 
 Tiftin — breathing hard, as "It's geen me a 
 iiftin clim'in that hill ; it's sooa brant. " 
 
t} ^wiTi^e^ — V^te. VfvAxt^^, 
 
 
UOOt^ tgV--- V^ lCia)L^y^ ju,^uiV<?^ 
 
Tike— a cur dog ; also frequently applied to 
 
 an odd or queer fellow 
 Sw. D. tik, f. a bitch, a foolish woman ; m. a 
 hound, a senseless lout of a man." — Atkinson. 
 
 "■ Hewe downe hertly yon heythene tykes." 
 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 3643. 
 
 Tilt — to incline or overturn A.S. fealtian, to 
 lean over 
 
 " The trestes tylt to the woze & the table bothe." 
 Allit. P. B. 1. 832. 
 
 Tinny-winny — very small; a reduplicative 
 form of tiny. Dan. ty7id, thin, small 
 
 Titter — sooner, quicker O.N. titt., soon 
 
 " That if a man mught properly se his syn 
 In the kynd lyknes that it falles be in, 
 He shuld for ferdnes titter it fie 
 Than any devel that he mught se." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 11. 2352-5. 
 " For t' time flang by at sic a reate. 
 Titter nor wings o' birds." 
 Stanyan Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 171. 
 
 Tittivate — to dress up 
 
 T'll— to A.S. and Icel. til 
 
 " Ther wos ol'as a lot 'at fuddled away on t' market- 
 day neets fll quite leeat afooar they went yam." 
 
 Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 5' 
 
 Toar — to struggle through a difficulty; to 
 
 drag on through a weary life Fr. totcer, to drag 
 A.S. teon, to tug, tow Cf. Icel. tora, to live poorly 
 "So Betty wur laft to toar on bi hersel ; 
 An' heaw hoo poo'd throo it no mortal can tell." 
 Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 220. 
 
 Tod — the fox Icel. /<?<?, tove 
 
Toit — to turn over, upset; a small vessel 
 
 heeling to one side, was said by a Fumess woman to 
 be "gaan et /wV." Cf. Eng. totter, toddle 
 
 Tootin — peeping, spying about O.E. tote, 
 to spy about 
 
 " Whow myght tou in thine brother eighe* a bare mote 
 loken, 
 And in thyn owen eighe" nought a bem toten." 
 
 Piers Plowman's Crede, 11. 141-42. 
 
 Toothanegg — a kind of pewter of which tea- 
 pots and spoons are made T)?iXi. tuttenage "A name 
 given in India to zinc or spelter." — Brande. 
 
 Topper — surpassingly great, better than com- 
 mon O.N. toppr, see next word 
 
 " Eawr Tummy's taen to preitchin' — 
 He's a topper at it too." 
 
 Waugli. Lane. Songs, p. 48. 
 
 Toppin — the hair growing just above the fore- 
 head on man or animals A. S. top, a tuft at the top 
 of anything 
 " The tayle & his toppymg twynnen of a sute." 
 
 Sir Gaio. 6^ Green Knt. Sp. E. Eng. p. 226. 
 
 " Sup, an' straighten that reawsty toppin^ o' thine." 
 
 Waicgh. Tufts of Heather, p. 21 1. 
 
 Toppins — the top sods, cut of moss-land, used 
 for burning 
 
 Topple — to overturn, to tumble 
 
 Torfel— to die 
 
 Tormentle — an astringent herb, generally 
 
 found on mossy land Dan. tormentil 
 
I03 
 
 Totterin — unsteady, ready to fall 
 
 "Toterynge, or waverynge, vacillacio.'''' 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Touch-an-catch — the children's game of tick 
 or tig 
 
 Trail — to walk lazily, to drag the feet along 
 the ground Fr. tirailler, to drag Du. treylen, to 
 draw with a rope 
 
 "An' trailirC abeawt, like a hen at's i'th meawt." 
 Watigh. Lane. Songs, p. 28. 
 
 Tram — a cart shaft Su. G. traam^ a small 
 log of wood 
 
 Trapes — a dirty slovenly female 
 
 Trapesin — walking about idly without an ob- 
 ject in view Germ, traben Du. trappen, to tramp 
 
 Trennle — to roll anything along the ground 
 A. S. trendl, a ball Dan. trumle, to roll 
 
 " On huyle ther perle hit irendeled doun." 
 
 Allit. P. A. 1. 41. 
 
 Trinkle — to trickle, or run slowly 
 
 Trollops — a dirty person Germ, trolle^ a trull, 
 
 from trolleji, to stroll Cf. trull 
 
 Trouf — a trough, as ^^ig-troiif, horse-trouf, etc. 
 
 A. S. trog, troh Dan. triig 
 
 Trounce — a weary journey. "We wor lost 
 on t' moor, an' hed a bonny trounce afore we gat 
 yam." 
 
 Trouncin — a severe beating 
 
 Trull — a dirty woman, a strumpet Cf. Trollops 
 
I04 
 
 Trunnel — the axle of a barrow wheel A.S. 
 
 trendl, anything round 
 
 Trunlins — sheep droppings A.S. trendl 
 Tummle — to fall, tumble Dan. tiimle Sw. 
 
 tuinla 
 
 Twang — a peculiar accent or intonation of 
 
 the voice, as "I cud tell by his twaiig^o. wosn't a 
 Forness fella." 
 
 Twitch — to pull or jerk suddenly A.S. twiccian 
 
 Twitters^ — to be in a state of tremulous sus- 
 pense Cf. Germ, zittern, to tremble 
 
 Type — to overturn, to tumble, metaphorically, 
 
 to die 
 
 " & type doun yonder toun when hit turned were." 
 Allit. P. C. 1. 506. 
 
 "Th' owd lad tyft o'er abeawt ten o'clock this 
 forenoon." — Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 74- 
 
 Unforbiddan — disobedient A.S. tin, not, and 
 
 forbiddajt, to forbid. "Thou's a varra unforbiddan 
 bame." 
 
 Uphod — uphold, to guarantee that a person 
 
 will do anything, as "I'll uphod \h.€ he'll du it." 
 
 Up-on-end — to recover from sickness. " I wos 
 
 varra badly for a while, but I've gitten iiponend 
 again." 
 
 Upsadoun — upside down 
 
 ' 'And he turnyde upsodotm the boordis of chaungeris, 
 and the chaieris of men sellinge culueris." 
 
 Gosp. of Mark (Wydiffe's), c. xi. v. 15. 
 
I05 
 Upshot — result, consequence, end of an affair 
 
 "He gat on t' spree, an' t' tipshot wos 'at they lock'd 
 him up i' t' black -hooal o' neet." 
 
 Upsides — to serve a person out, to give a 
 
 "Rowland for an Oliver." "I'll sarra the' owt ; 
 thou'U see I'll be tipsides wi' the' some day." 
 
 Uptak — the fixed price of anything, the money- 
 being laid down the object can be taken up ; also 
 a sum given for the uptaking or finding of an article 
 of value 
 
 Varjus — verjuice, acid liquor expressed from 
 
 crab-apples, hence the phrase, "As sour as crab 
 varjus.'''' Fr. vejjus, vert, green and jus, juice 
 
 Varra — very 
 
 " We greeave a lock a'peeats a top a t'fell ez cuz in 
 varra weel fer eldin." — Sp. West. Dialect, p. i. 
 
 Varsal — universal. "Ther niver wos his 
 
 marra i' o' this varsal •vi2sA. (world)." 
 
 Vogue — way, mode or fashion Ital. voga, 
 mode, fashion 
 
 Waad — to wade through water, snow, or grass 
 
 A. S. wad, a ford ; wddan, to wade Du. waaden 
 Dan. vaad, wet 
 
 Waaken — to awake fiom sleep, to rouse up 
 
 from inaction Du. waaken Dan. vczkke, to awake, 
 incite A. S. wacan, wcecan, to move, to awake 
 "Thou is a slairin thing; thou wants waakenin up." 
 
 Waar — to lay out money, to spend W. 
 
 gwario, to spend "Mind thou dusn't waar o' the 
 brass afoore thou gits yam." 
 
 "Then a thowt, what a mun waar summat fer my 
 mudther." — Sp. West. Dialect, p. i8. 
 
io6 
 
 Waar — worse Dan. vcerre A.S. wczrra, 
 
 worse " He's varra badly, I think he's waar ta-day 
 ner common." 
 
 Waar — where, in which place A.S. hwar 
 
 Du. waar 
 
 " Whaar did ta find 'em ? said t' judge. I' t' toppin 
 mow, sed t' lad." — Lonsdale Mag. v. 2, p. 90. 
 
 Wabble — unsteady, to hobble in walking ; a 
 
 top, just before it ceases spinning, wabbles. Webster 
 says of this word, "'It's place can not be supplied by 
 any other word in the language. It is neither low 
 nor barbarous." W. gwibio, to move in a circular 
 form 
 
 WafFy — weak, tasteless, insipid food j a feeling 
 
 of faintness 
 
 "Weffe, vapor.^^ — Pi^ovipt. Parv. 
 
 Waggle— to shake, move, wag A.S. wdgian 
 
 Du. waggelen Dan. vakle, to sit loose, wag 
 
 Walla — insipid Cf. Welshed "These poddish 
 
 er varra zvalla; ther's neaa saut i' them. " O. E. walle 
 or walcw, nauseous C£ Du. ivalgen, to loathe, turn 
 the stomach 
 " Venim or vernish" or vinegre, J trowe, 
 Walldh in my wombe' or waxeth, ich wene." 
 
 Piers Plowman, Text A, Pass. v. 11. 70-1. 
 
 Wallop — to flog; to flap with anything soft 
 "A wallop ower t' lug." 
 
 Wamp — wasp 
 
 Wan — won, gained a contest 
 
 " For, by hym that al thys world wan ! 
 Thou hast makyd me a man." 
 
 Pel. Ant. v. 2, p. 88. 
 "Perkyn wan five, and Hud wan twa." 
 
 Turn, of Tott. Percy's Rel. p. 94. 
 
I07 
 
 Wandle — slim, straight, slender, wandy 
 
 Wang-tooth — a molar, jaw tooth A.S. wang, 
 cheek, jaw O. Sw. wang 
 "Wange Toothe molar is." — Prompt. Parv. 
 " Men might haue sen through both his chekes, 
 And euery wang-totk and where it sat." 
 
 Note to I. 421 Piers Plow. Crede, ed. Skeat. 
 "And out of tiais ass's cheke, that was so dreye, 
 Out of a woung-toth sprong anon a welle. " 
 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 15530. 
 
 Wankle — weakly, unstable A.S. wancol, un- 
 steady Germ, wankel 
 
 Mr. Atkinson, in his Gloss. Clevl. Dial., quotes the 
 following from LayanionJs Brut (iii. 280) — 
 ' ' quelen tha seldren : died the elder, 
 quelen tha yeongere : died the younger, 
 ql^n tha wifmen : died the women, 
 
 quelen tha 'wancle7t : died the wancle." 
 "That bame's terble wankle on its legs," is a very 
 common expression in Furness. 
 
 Ward — world A.S. weorold, woruld, the world 
 
 Dan. verden 
 
 " For in the ward it was the maner tho." 
 
 Lancelot of the Laik, ed. Skeat, 1. 3184. 
 
 "An' sich cawve tales as Cornish Peter, at fund a 
 new ward.'' — Tim Bobbin, preface 3rd ed. 
 
 Warda' — a week day, any day but Sunday 
 
 Suio. Goth, hwardag Dan. hverdag, every day, 
 ' ' hverdags klaeder, " ordinary, common clothes 
 
 Wark — work, labour A.S. wearc Dan. verk 
 " An' then, efter duin his wark, he wod ga an' see 
 
 t' priest."— Zfi^^jj/ Beck Dobby, p. 4. 
 "Thae's getten thi wark bi th' hond." 
 
 Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 318. 
 
io8 
 
 Wark — to ache, generally applied to a shooting 
 
 pain as the head-ache or tooth-ache. "Werkyn, or 
 heed akyn. Doleo," — Prompt. Parv. In a note 
 Mr. Way quotes " Cepkalia est humor capitis, 
 Anghce the hedde warke. " ortus. "The Hede- 
 warke, Cepkalia, cephalargia CATH. ang." A.S. 
 ■weorcan Dan. verke, to pain, smart 
 " Now full to the thropple, wi' \^t2A-warks and heart- 
 aches, 
 Some crap to the clock-kease instead o' the dure." 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 340. 
 
 Warm — to beat 
 
 Warse — worse ; wars, warse Moes. G. wairs 
 
 " Of life and deth nowe chuse the. 
 
 There is the woman, here is the galowe tree ; 
 Of boothe choyce harde is the parte ; 
 The woman is the wai'sse, drive forthe the carte. " 
 Pel. Ant. V. I, p. 288. 
 
 Waster or Wastrel — a spendthrift, anything 
 
 cast away as useless, a useless fellow A.S. westan, 
 
 to waste 
 
 " He bad wastors go worche' what thei best couthe." 
 
 Piers Plow. ed. Skeat, Text A, Pass. v. 1. 24. 
 
 "From wastors and wikkede men." 
 
 Ibid., Pass. vii. 1. 31. 
 "And alle suche waisters as he wasse." 
 
 Sir Amadace, st. xxi. 1. 8. 
 
 Watter — water, a lake, tarn, as Coniston 
 waiter, Windermere watter, Elter-watter, etc. Dan. 
 vater A.S. waiter 
 
 "And alle waiters als thai sal rynne." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. ^'JTJ. 
 
 "And made William to weope" watur with his eyen." 
 
 Piers Plow. ed. Skeat, Text A, Pass. v. 1. 44. 
 
I09 
 
 Watter-brash — watery eructations of an acid 
 
 character Dan. vater, water, and brcekke sig, to 
 vomit, disgorge 
 
 Wax~to grow, increase O. N. vaxa Sw. viixa 
 A.S. weaxan 
 " Waxyn, or growyn. Cresco, accresco." 
 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 Wax-kernals — glandular swellings in the neck, 
 
 said to be signs of growing or waxing 
 
 ^' ^ Glandula, nodus sub cute, a waxynge curnelle.' 
 MED. In Roy. M. S. 1 7, c. xvii. de infirniitatibus, are 
 mentioned ''Glanduli, wax kymel.'' ' Waxyng kymels ; 
 glande, glanders. Kyrnell or knobbe in the necke, or 
 other where, glandre."" palsg. ' Talks, a waxynge 
 kemell.' elyot." — Way va. Prompt. Parv. p. 276. 
 
 Wedder — weather, as wet wedder, dry wedder, 
 
 etc. A.S. weder 
 "Thorw Flodes and foul weder' Fruites schal fayle." 
 Piers Plow. A, Pass. vii. 1. 310. 
 
 Weel — well Dan. vel A.S. wcel 
 
 " But niver heed ; she loved me weel. 
 That's a' I care to knaw. " 
 
 Stanyan Bigg. Shifting Scenes, p. 172. 
 
 Weft — support, importance, energy Cf. Dan. 
 vcegt, energy, weight. "He hes a deeal o' weft 
 about him." "Give it some wefV' — give it some 
 weight 
 
 Welsh'd — suffering from insipidity of food, as 
 
 " I'se fairly welsh'd away wi' sic walla stuff." 
 "Walsh, welsche, insipid, Teut. gaelsch, ingratus, 
 
 insuavis sapore aut odore.." — Jamieson. 
 
 Mr. Atkinson gives "Du. walghen, to nauseate, 
 
 loathe." — Clev. Gloss. 
 
Weltin — anything very large, as a "Girt weltin 
 fella." 
 
 Weme — innocent looking, quiet " Yan wodn't 
 think he hed it in him, he looks sooa weme.'''' Germ. 
 bequem, easy A. S. cweman O. E. quet}ie, to please, 
 satisfy 
 
 Weemless — spotless, without a fault A.S. 
 •wem, a spot, and leas, free from 
 
 " Whilke that in-comes wemles. 
 And ai werkes rightwisenes. " 
 
 Psalm xiv. 2. Sp. E. Eng. p. 83. 
 
 Wha — who A.S. hivd 
 
 "Thare-fore I syghe and crye, Wha saU schewe to 
 the lufede Jhesu that I langwys for lufe." 
 
 Hampolis Prose Treat, p. 2. 
 
 Whang — a thong, a shoe tie A.S. tkwang, a 
 leather string 
 
 Whang — a blow 
 
 " Ned Wulson brong his lug a whang ; 
 Then owre he flew, the peats amang. " 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 301. 
 
 Whemmel — to turn over, to upset, knock 
 
 down 
 
 "Jam. refers Sc. quhemle, whommel, to S.G. hvimla, 
 to be giddy. I should prefer O. N. hvelfa, invertere, 
 to turn upside down."' — Atkinson. Clevel. Gloss. 
 
 " Wi' that a ups wimmi flale an fetcht him a cloot 
 undre't lugg an whemmelt\i\xa. slap ower it guttre." 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. 15. 
 
 Whewt — to whistle Cf. Vi2a\. fl'oite, to whistle 
 at 
 
 " Whtwt on Tummas an Mary." 
 
 Tim Bobbin, pref. to 3rd ed. 
 
Whin — furze, gorse ( Ulex Eiiropcea) W. 
 chwyn, weeds 
 
 ' ■ Cotgrave gives ''genest espineux, furres, whinnes, 
 gorse, thorn-broom.'" — Way m. Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " The whinjies shall prick the to the bare beane and 
 Christ receive thy sawle." 
 
 Mire's Instructions to Parish Priests, Note p. 91. 
 " He prick'lt his shins i' Wulson's whins. 
 And swore that some sud smart for't." 
 
 Marie Lojisdale. Cumb. Ball. p. 281. 
 
 Whingin — whining 
 
 " An' then she whinged and rooart like a lile barne." 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. 11. 
 
 Whisht — hush O.Fr. hoiiische 
 
 " The wild waves whist.'''' 
 
 Shakspeare. Tempest, Act i, Sc. 2. 
 
 Wisht — noiseless " WisJit as a mouse." 
 
 Wi — with 
 
 ' ' Yonder's a pig i' t' roum wi'' t' lass. " 
 
 Lonsdale Mag. v. 2, p. 90. 
 
 Wibbet — wee bit, a very small child, a little 
 
 piece " V/hat a wihbet that barne is." 
 
 Wick — living, frisky, lively A.S. cwic Dan. 
 
 qvik Du. kwik Sw. qvick 
 
 ' ' Na guyJc creature salle lyf than, 
 Bot anely aungelle, develle, and man." 
 
 Pricke of Conscience, 1. 6981. 
 
 " And they had ale at towd a tale, 
 'T wur cool, an wick, an foamin." 
 
 Waiigh. Tufts of Heather, p. 216. 
 "Sec fashions I'll ne'er follow while Pse whicV 
 Ewan Clark. Cumb, Ball. p. 161. 
 
Wicks — the long creeping roots of the couch 
 
 grass, ( Triticum repens.) Nothing short of actual 
 burning will destroy their vitality 
 
 Widdy — -a willow tree, a wand Dan. vidie 
 
 A.S. wit hie 
 
 Wig — a small oblong cake made from common 
 
 dough, with the addition of a little butter, sugar, and 
 
 carraway seeds 
 
 " 'Pastilla, a cake, cracknel or wygge.^ ORTUS. 
 ' Esckande, a kind of wigg or symnelL' COTG. 
 ' ^yig^i Esckande. ' palsg. ' M^ig or bun, a bunn 
 or little manchet ; Collyra, libum.' GOULDM. ' Wegghe, 
 panis triticeus, libum oblongum.' KILIAN, Diet. 
 Teut." — Way in Prompt. Parv. pp. loo, 456, & 526. 
 
 Withie or With — a willow wand (See Widdy) 
 
 Woo — wool 
 
 "An' i' t' lang winter neets a card a bit o' ivoo." 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. i. 
 
 Wooset — ^worsted 
 
 " We knat quorse loosset stockings." 
 
 Sp. West. Dial. p. 28. 
 
 WraAg— wrong A.S. tvrang 
 
 "That wont watz whyle deuoyde my wrange.'" 
 
 Allit. Foems, A, 1. 15. 
 " Fie, Roger, fie — a sairy lass to wrang, 
 And let her all this trouble undergang. " 
 
 Relph. Cumb. Ball. p. 23. 
 
 Yabble— able,- wealthy 
 
 "A varra yabble man i' hee life wes wantan ta 
 simma." — Sp. West. Dial. p. 16. 
 
ch. JUyi^y^U^oJxA \ i^cZ onto ■; ^«^iw» *t<>eift ^ 04vttt..fe*il.« 
 
(UocA^^.v'Ww*'^ i^i/i.^Xty^ VoM^ 
 
113 
 
 Yad or Yaud — a horse 
 
 Mr. Atkinson says — "Essentially the same word 
 with j ade. ' ' — Clevel. Gloss. 
 
 "Tired as a. jade in overloaden cart." 
 
 Quoted in Webster. 
 " Come, Gwordie lad, unyoke i\i& yad, 
 Let's gow to Rosley Fair." 
 
 Anderson. Cumb. Ball. p. 295. 
 
 Yak — oak A.S. aac Icel. eik 
 
 " It was nobbut a white feeac'd cow at hed its heead 
 ower t' wo, an wos rubbin it up an down again a yak 
 tree." — Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 4. 
 
 Yakkeran — an acorn 
 
 Yal — whole " A yal apple." 
 
 Yally — ten byes at football 
 
 Yam — home Cumb. heearn Sc. hame A.S. 
 
 ham 
 
 Yan — one A.S. a^, czn O.E. ane Dan. een 
 
 " Thus was thow aye and euer sail be, 
 Thre yn ane and ane yn thre." 
 
 Relig. Pieces, p. 59. 
 
 ' ' This ean night this ean night every night and awle." 
 Mire's Ins. to Parish Priests, note, p. 90. 
 
 " Yan o' them com up tumma, an sed he was reet 
 fane ta simma." — Sp. West. Dial. p. 16. 
 
 " A borden 's leeter shared by two, 
 Nor when it's born by_y««." 
 
 North Lons. Mag. p. 19. 
 
 Yance — once 
 
 " I'se off ut put owr exin's in, 
 Ut git it deeun z.'i yance.'''' 
 
 North Lons. Mag. p. 19. 
 
114 
 
 Yan's-sel — one's-self 
 
 Yarbs — herbs Sp. yerba 
 
 "There's a lot o' eggs under th' yarbs i' th' basket " 
 Waugh. Tufts of Heather, p. 140. 
 
 Yar — hair Dan, haar Sw. har 
 
 " It med ray yare ston straight up." 
 
 Tufts of Heather, p. 10. 
 
 Yark — to beat, switch with a stick 
 
 "Icel. hreckia, to \i&z.\., jarke, pes feriens." 
 
 Jamieson. 
 Mr. Atkinson thinks "O.N. hiacka, jacka, lies 
 nearer the root. " — Clevel. Gloss. 
 
 "Thou needn't glime, Til yark thy hide." 
 
 Jokn Stagg. Cumb. Ball. p. 226. 
 
 Yarkin — a beating 
 
 Yean — to lamb A.S. eanian 
 
 Yerth-fast — a boulder stone deeply seated in 
 the earth 
 
 Yow — a female sheep, an ewe A.S. eowu 
 Du. ouwe 
 
 Yower — the udder of a cow '■'■Q.'^.jugrjufr, 
 jiir Dan. yver Svf. ju/ver Sw. D. giir, jaur." 
 
 Atkinson. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 GEO. COWARD, PRINTER, SCOTCH STREET, CARLISLE. 
 

F. Cap 8vo. Price 2s.6d. 
 
 SONGS AND BALLADS 
 
 By JOHN JAMES LONSDALE, 
 
 Author of "The Ship Boy's Letter," "Robin's Eeturn," &c. 
 WITH A BRIEF MEMOIR. 
 
 From the A THEN^UM, December 21st, 1867. 
 Mr. Lonsdale's songs have not only great merit, but they 
 display the very variety of which he himself was sceptical. 
 His first lay, " Minna," might lay claim even to imagination ; 
 nevertheless, for completeness and delicacy of execution, we 
 prefer some of his shorter pieces. Of most of these it may be 
 said that they are the dramatic expressions of emotional ideas. 
 In many cases, however, these songs have the robust interest 
 of story, or that of character and picture. When it is borne 
 in mind that by far the greater portion of these lays were 
 written for music, no small praise must be awarded to the 
 poet, not only for the suitability of his themes to his purpose, 
 but for the picturesqueness and fancy with which he has 
 invested them under diificult conditions. 
 
 From the WESTMINSTER REVIEW, January, 1868. 
 
 Poetry seems now to flourish more in the north than in the 
 south of England. Not long ago we noticed an admirable 
 collection of Cumberland ballads, containing two songs by 
 Miss Blamire, which are amongst the most beautiful and 
 pathetic in our language. We have now a small volume by 
 a Cumberland poet, which may be ptit on the same shelf with 
 Kirke White. Like Kirke White's, Mr. Lonsdale's life seems 
 to have been marked by pain and disappointment. Like 
 Kirke White too, he died before his powers were full developed. 
 A delicate pathos and a vein of humour characterize his best 
 pieces. 
 
 From the SPEC T A TOR, January Uth, 1868. 
 
 "The Children's Kingdom" is really touching. ' The picture 
 of the band of children setting out in the morning bright and 
 happy, lingering in the forest at noon, and creeping to their 
 journey's end at midnight with tearful eyes, has a decided 
 charm. 
 
 From NOTES AND QUERIES, May 30th, 1868. 
 
 A volume containing some very pleasing poems by a young 
 Cumberland poet, who but for his early death, would probably 
 have taken a foremost place amongst the lyrists of ovir day. 
 
 CARLISLE : GEO. COWARD. LONDON : 3. RUSSELL SMITH. 
 
F. Cap 8vo. Price 2s.6d., in neat Cloth binding. 
 
 MISS BLAMIRE'S SONGS AND POEMS; 
 together with Songs by her friend Miss Gilpin of 
 Scaleby Castle. With Portrait of Miss Blamire. 
 
 She was an anomaly in literature. She had far too modest an 
 opinion of herself ; an extreme seldom run into, and sometimes, 
 as in this case, attended like other extremes with disadvan- 
 tages. We are inclined, however, to think that if we have 
 lost a great deal by her ultra-modesty, we have gained some- 
 thing. Without it, it is questionable whether she would have 
 abandoned herseK so entirely to her inclination, and left us 
 those exquisite lyrics which derive their charms from the 
 simple, undisguised thoughts which they contain. The char- 
 acteristic of her poetry is its simplicity. It is the simphcity 
 of genuine pathos. It enters into all her compositions, and is 
 perhaps pre-eminent in her Scottish songs. 
 
 Carlisle Journal, 184^. 
 
 In her songs, whether in pure English, or in the Cimibrian 
 or Scottish dialect, she is animated, simple, and tender, often 
 touching a chord which thrills a sympathetic string deep in 
 the reader's bosom. It may, indeed, be confidently predicted 
 of several of these lyrics, that they will hve with the best 
 productions of their age, and longer than many that were at 
 lirst allowed to rank more highly.— Chambers' Journal, 181^2. 
 
 F. Cap 8vo. Price 2s., in neat Cloth binding. 
 
 ROBERT ANDERSON'S CUMBERLAND 
 BALLADS. 
 
 As a pourtrayer of rustic manners — as a relator of homely 
 incident — as a hander down of ancient customs, and of ways 
 of life fast wearing or worn out — as an exponent of the 
 feelings, tastes, habits, and language of the most interesting 
 class in a most interesting district, and in some other respects, 
 we hold Anderson to be unequalled, not in Cumberland only, 
 but in England. As a description of a long, rapid, and varied 
 succession of scenes — every one a photograph — occurring at a 
 gathering of country people intent upon enjojdng themselves 
 in their own uncouth roystering fashion, given in rattling, 
 jingling, regularly irregular rhymes, with a chorus that is of 
 itself a concentration of uproarious fun and revelry, we have 
 never read or heard anything Hke Anderson's "Worton 
 Wedding. " — Whitehaven Herald. 
 
 CARLISLE : GEO. COWARD. LONDON : J. RUSSELL SMITH. 
 
The songs and BALLADS of CUMBERLAND ; 
 
 with BiograpMcal Sketches, Notes, and Glossary. 
 Edited by Sidney Gilpin. With Portrait of Miss 
 Blamire. 
 
 (A New Edition in preparation. ) 
 
 One of the most interesting collections of poetry which have 
 been lately published is the "Songs and Ballads of Cumber- 
 land." How many people know anything of Miss Blamire ? 
 Yet she was the author of that most beautiful and pathetic 
 of ballads beginning, "And ye shall walk in silk attire." 
 Every one will, therefore, thank the editor for the conscientous 
 way in which he has issued her pieces, and given us some 
 account of her life. It was she, too, who wrote that other 
 beautiful ballad, worthy of Lady Anne Lindsay, "What ails 
 this heart o' mine ? " which, in our opinion, is poetry full of 
 truth and tenderness. Indeed, we should be disposed to look 
 upon it as a critical touchstone, and to say that those who did 
 not like it could not possibly appreciate true poetry. ... 
 We can only advise the reader to buy the book, and we feel 
 sure that he, like ourselves, will be thankful to the editor. 
 — Westminster Review. 
 
 We like the Cumberland Songs a good deal better than the 
 Lancashire ones which we reviewed a fortnight back. There 
 is more go and more variety in them ; the hill-air makes them 
 fresher, and we do not wonder that Mr. Gilpin feels — now he 
 has got "tern put in prent" — 
 
 Aw England canncrt bang them. 
 We certainly cannot recollect a better collection. . . While 
 the author of "Joe and the Geologist" lives, we shall rest 
 assured that the Cumberland dialect will be well represented 
 in verse as well as prose, though we suppose he cannot love to 
 describe the roaring scenes at weddings and the like that his 
 predecessors witnessed. . . . The dialect is rich in redu- 
 plicated words — in good forms — in old English words ; and 
 the volume altogether is one that should find a place on the 
 shelf of every reader of poetry and student of manners, 
 customs, and language. — The Reader. 
 
 The truly Cumbrian minstrel towards the close of the last 
 century seems to have approached the Scotch in his pictures 
 of rural courtship, and to have been still greater in his des- 
 criptions of weddings, as of some other festivities of a more 
 peculiar character. He had a healthy and robust standard of 
 feminine beauty, and his most riotous mirth was more athletic 
 and less purely alcoholic than that which flourished in Burns's 
 native soil.— T^e Spectator. 
 
Just Published, F. Cap 8vo. Price 3s. 6d. 
 POEMS BY MES. WILSON TWENTYMAN, 
 
 of Evening Hill. Dedicated, by permission, to 
 H. W. Longfellow. 
 
 F. Gap Svo. Price Ss. 6d., in neat Cloth binding. 
 ROUGH NOTES OF SEYEN CAMPAIGNS IN 
 SPAIN, FRANCE, AND AMERICA, from 1809 to 
 1815. By John Spencer Cooper, late Sergeant in the 
 7th Royal Fusileers. 
 
 The writer in his notes recounts in a simple and pleasing 
 style many of the incidents of the Peninsular war ; describes 
 battles and sieges in a brief and forcible manner, and often 
 relieves his narrative with incidental anecdotes, some serious 
 and many amusing. His observations, too, upon the manner 
 in which soldiers were clothed, fed, and treated in those days 
 are very instructive, showing the great difference which exists 
 between the condition of the soldier at the present time and 
 during the first and second decades of this century. — Carlisle 
 Journal. 
 
 Sergeant Cooper lets us see what the lesser deities did and 
 suffered, in one of the most memorable and prolonged struggles 
 
 which the world has witnessed He makes no 
 
 pretence to write grandly ; neither does he spin yarns, nor 
 draw the long bow, to make himself the central figure. Every- 
 thing is told naturally and without ostentation — ^the hunger, 
 thirst, fever, want of rest, incidental to hard work in the face 
 of the enemy ; the floggings, hangings, and shootings of 
 marauders and deserters ; the going into action, the fight, and 
 the result in decimated ranks and the heaps of slain. — Carlisle 
 Examiner. 
 
 CARLISLE : GEO, COWARD. LONDON : J. RUSSELL SMITH. 
 
Grown 8vo. Price 2s. in extra Cloth binding ; or Is. in 
 neat Paper Cover. 
 
 OLD CASTLES : Including Sketches of Carlisle, 
 Corby, and Linstock Castles ; with a Poem on 
 Carlisle. By M.S., Aiitlior of an Essay on Sliak- 
 speare, &c. 
 
 From the CARLISLE EXPRESS. 
 M. S., by her many thoughtful and eloquent contributions 
 to our local literature, has long since become favourably 
 known to a wide circle of readers ; and the little voliune 
 before us, in which her talents are employed on congenial 
 themes, cannot fail to maintain and extend her reputation. 
 The stirring historical events connected with the ancient 
 Border strongholds she has selected for treatment require 
 something more than the dry details which are ail that are 
 presented to us in the ordinary run of guide books to make 
 them properly understood. Adhering strictly to historical 
 truth, she has clothed the dry bones of the past with life ; and 
 the various notable actors who have played their part in the 
 old castles, she So well delineates, seem to live and move 
 before us as we read her account of them. Nor do the natural 
 beauties which siirround most of our ancient Border keeps 
 lose anything of their rare charm in her hands. Her picture 
 of Corby is, indeed, a prose poem of much beauty. But the 
 gem of the book is the poem on Carlisle — worthily holding 
 the place of honour. . . . We must now take our leave 
 of this interesting little work. It is one which should be in 
 the hands of every intelligent Cumbrian who cares for the 
 honour of his native county ;' and the reader who desires to 
 improve these glorious summer days by visiting any of the 
 scenes it so well describes, could find no better companion to 
 take with him. 
 
 CARLISLE : GEO. COWARD. 
 
P7'ice Threepence. 
 
 THREE FURNESS DIALECT STORIES, 
 
 nz : — 
 
 SIEGE O' BEOU'TON, 
 LEBBY BECK DOBBY, 
 INVASION 0' U'STOK 
 
 Just Published. Price 2s., nett. 
 
 The popular Cumberland Hunting Song, 
 
 "D'YE KEN JOHN PEEL?" 
 
 The Words by John Woodcock Gravies. The Music arranged 
 with Symphonies and Accompaniments, by William Metcalfe. 
 
 (Forming No. I. of the Songs and Ballads of Cmnberland.) 
 
 F. Cap 8vo. Price Is. 
 
 RAYSON'S DIALECT POEMS AND BALLADS. 
 
 Complete Edition. 
 
 CARLISLE : GEO. COWARD. 
 

 
 
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