(Qorttell Hniueraitij Sibrary Strata, Ntro fori; FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY v .'-.;- g HS759.C2 C 1 0r R65 Un ' Vers " y Ubrar > r H!8 to„ of the H~ S / /?4t> Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030324663 LT.-COL. WM. JAS. BURY MacLEOD MOORE, G. C.T., gmpveme GSrcttiir igSlaates, SOVEREIGN GREAT PRIORY OF KNIGHTS TEMPLARS OF CANADA. HISTOEY THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS FROM THE FOUNDA TION OF THE ORDER IN A.D 1S00 TO THE PRESENT TIME. Bn Ibistorical IRetrospect of ftemplarism, CULLED FKOM THE WEITINGS OF THE HISTORIANS OF THE ORDER. WITH A F AC-SIMILE OF THE EARLIEST CANADIAN TEMPLAR WARRANT; COPIES OF ORIGINAL MSS. OF THE EARLY DATS OP THE OBDER IN CANADA, A RESUME IN DETAIL OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTS OP THE PROVINCIAL GRAND CONCLAVES OF CANADA, 1855-67, THE GREAT PBIORY OF THE DOMINION, 1868-75 ; THE NATIONAL GREAT PRIORY OP CANADA, 1876-83 ; AND THE HISTORY OF THE SOVEREIGN GREAT PRIORY OP CANADA, 1884-89 ; FROM OFFICIAL RECORDS IN THE ARCHIVES. J. ROSS ROBERTSON, Past Grand Vice-Chancellor, Fast Provincial Prior, Member of the Grand Council, and Chairman of the Contmittee on the Condition of the Order of the Temple in the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada. TORONTO: PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO. 1890. ft, °l 11 012 Entered according to the Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety, by J. Ross Eobektson, at the Department of Agriculture. TO Mantel giprjj, GRAND CHANCELLOR OF THE SOVEREIGN QREAT PRIORY OP CANADA, A FRATER WHO HAS ENDEARED HIMSELF TO ME THROUGH LONG YEARS OF PERSONAL FRIENDSHIP ; WHOSE MANY EXCELLENT QUALITIES OF HEART AND HEAD HAVE KAISED HIM TO A HIGH PLACE IN THE ESTEEM OF ALL OEAETSMEN ; THIS WORK IS FRATERNALLY AND SINCERELY , DEDICATED BY THE FRIEND OF A LIFE-TIME, THE AUTHOR. Toronto, 1890. TO THE HEADER. ^ HIS work would surely commend itself to the Cana- dian Fratres without even a line of preface. Yet I am tempted to write a few words introductory — not for the purpose of justifying my mission — but rather to express my thanks to the Fratres who have generously aided me in this compilation. It was with some diffidence that I formed a resolve to undertake a work that abounds with ^difficulties. The early history of Templarism in Canada was, and some of it may still be, hidden in the records of the old Craft lodges, which, in those primitive days, had a fatherly welcome for all organizations that claimed to be within the Craft fold. Many of the facts which I have linked together were gleaned by research in other fields of Masonic endeavour. igMy mission, however, has been a pleasant one. With such Fratres as M. E. Sir Knight Col. J. B. MacLeod Moore, the Supreme Grand Master of the Order, R. E. Sir Knight Dr. James A. Henderson, Q.C., of Kingston, the Deputy Grand Master of the Order in Canada, and R. E. Sir Knight Daniel Spry,the Grand Chancellor of Canada, my quiver of Templar knowledge^ has been filled and refilled, and as the arrows have been shot into cold type, these distinguished Fratres, blessed ^above'ordinary men with zeal and good-nature, have readily answered my appeals for more facts and addi- tional records. Their kindness can never be requited by thanks. vi TO THE READER. To Col. Moore I am indebted for historical memoranda ; Dr. Henderson I have to thank for early MSS., from 1800 until 1830, and I am debtor for many of the official records to Frater Spry. I have made the most of the MSS., and for the revisal of the proofs of the entire work my thanks are due to Frater Spry and my fellow-worker in newspaper life, R. E. Frater George J. Bennett of Toronto. The work speaks for itself. The records are as complete as fallible man can make them. As for the literary ability displayed in welding the facts together, that is for the reader to decide. At least one end has been accomplished. The history of the Order in Canada has not been lost to the Fratres. The work may not be perfect, and yet, to make it acceptable and complete, the archives of every Preceptory from the Atlantic to the Pacific have been searched, and their records read and carefully examined. Templarism may not have seen its sunburst in this Dominion, but the work of the past speaks well for those who give hours of ease to the upbuilding of an edifice that in other lands is towering from high to higher. The Author. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. PAGE Origin of the Templars — The Conquest of Jerusalem and the First Crusade — The Orders of Knighthood — The Hospitallers and Tem- plars — Their Organization in European Countries and in America. 1 CHAPTER II. The Templar System of the British Empire — Extracts from an Article Published by Col. MacLeod Moore, G.C.T., Grand Master of the Templar Order in Canada, intended as an Explanation of the Origin and History of Modern Templary 7 CHAPTER III. The Templar Order — Its Introduction into British North America A Discussion as to the Priory of the Knights of St. John at Que- bec — The First Warrant for a Templar Encampment in Canada. 10 CHAPTER IV. Templary in the Province of Nova Scotia — An Encampment in 1782 — The Order under the Chapter General of Scotland — Provincial Conclave of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick 20 CHAPTER V. Templary in the Province of New Brunswick — An Encampment in 1840 under Scottish Authority — Rival Organizations and a Ter- ritorial Difficulty — Action of the Great Priory of Canada 24 CHAPTER VI. The Knights Templars of Western Canada in 1800. 1823, 1824— Old Warrants at Kingston — Interesting Reminiscences of Early Tem- plars — Fac Simile of a Venerable and Honored Document 30 CHAPTER VII. The Modern System of Templarism in Canada — The Search for an Old Warrant — Its Resurrection and Establishment under a New Name — The Parent Encampments of the Provincial Conclave. . 48 viii CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. PAGE The Provincial Grand Conclave for Canada — Its Organization and First Assembly in Kingston — Investiture of the First Officers — The Hugh de Payens Encampment — Warrant Ante Dated to 1824. 52 CHAPTER IX. Effect of the Revival of Templarism in Canada — The Provincial Grand Conclave — Its Second Annual Assembly — Three Encampments under the Jurisdiction of the Grand Commandery 55 CHAPTER X. Consecration of the Hall of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar in Toronto — An Address from the Provincial Grand Commander — A Special Convocation and a large muster of Fratres 61 CHAPTER XI. Third Annual Convocation — A Successful Period — A Visit from the Masonic Poet Laureate — Interesting Address of the Provincial Grand Commander — Merits and Objects of the " Red Cross " Degree analyzed 64 CHAPTER XII. The Fourth and Fifth Annual Assemblies of the Provincial Conclave —Birth of the "Godfrey de Bouillon" of Hamilton— The "Malta" Degree Authorized — Discussion on the "Red Cross." 70 CHAPTER XIII. The Sixth Annual Assembly of the Provincial Conclave — Death of a Templar Pioneer — Fees of Honour — Alterations to the Statutes — The Grand Commander's Address — Interesting and Important Features 74 CHAPTER XIV. The Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Annual Assemblies — Certificates of Appointment — The Expenses of Grand Conclave — Recognition of Templar Jewels by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter 78 CHAPTER XV. The Ninth and Tenth Annual Assemblies of the Provincial Conclave — A Visitor from England — Another New Encampment — The Outlook for the Order in the Early Days of the Dominion 81 CHAPTER XVI. The First Meeting of the Grand Priory of the Dominion of Canada — A New Era in Canadian Templarism — Growing Importance of the Body — Notable Assembly in Montreal — The Grand Priory's Warrant gg CONTENTS. ix CHAPTER XVII. PAGE The Second Annual Assembly of the Grand Priory of the Dominion — Steady Advance of the Order — Additions to the Roll — Colling- wood and Orillia Represented — The Jewels of "Hugh de Payens." 90 CHAPTER XVIII. The Third Annual Assembly of Great Priory — A large attendance of Fratres — A Distinguished Visitor from Michigan — An Exhaustive Address From The Grand Prior Replete with Information 92 CHAPTER XIX. Another Gap in the Ranks — Death of an Active Frater — The Two "Richards" — Grand Priory Meets in Hamilton — The Fourth Annual Assembly — Address of the Grand Prior 98 CHAPTER XX. Steady Advance of the Order — Four New Encampments Added — Toronto Receives the Grand Priory — Fifth Annual Assembly — The Grand Prior's Address — Templar Matters at Home and Abroad 103 CHAPTER XXI. Seventeenth Encampment on the Roll — Collapse of a Quebec War- rant — Retrospect of the Grand Prior — A Glance at the Days gone by— The "Gordon Order of Merit" — Establishment of " Convent General." 108 CHAPTER XXII. Canada's Nationality still in Abeyance — Convent General Makes Haste Slowly — A New Preceptory at Dunville — Jurisdiction of the Grand Priory— Annual Assembly in Ottawa — Death of Thomas Bird Harris 122 CHAPTER XXIII. Budding Discontent — England's Indifference Bears Fruit— A Cham- pion at Convent General — Condition of the Preceptories— The Eighth Annual Assembly — Templarism, Ancient and Modern. . . 133 CHAPTER XXIV. The National Great Priory of Canada — Proceedings in Convent General — Patents Creating the Great Priory and Appointing the Great Prior — Col. Moore's Address to the Fratres — Re- marks on Templar History 144 CHAPTER XXV. " Convent General" divided against itself— Stormy Meeting in Lon- don—Ireland's Dignified Conduct— Sad death of England's Great Prior — Canada and her position in the Federation 103 2 x CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXVI. PAGE Recognition of Equality Denied to Canada by the United States Grand Encampment — The Situation Discussed by the Great Prior — Wherein Two Systems Differed — Infringement of Juris- diction 187 CHAPTER XXVII. In a Sea of Trouble — Canada's Independence Questioned — Convent General Continues in a Somnolent State — The Scottish Encamp- ment in New Brunswick — Beginning of a new Difficulty 201 CHAPTER XXVIII. Templarism Under Great Priory Thrives — Scottish Fratres in New Brunswick Decline to Come in — Canada and the Sister Nation- alities—More Glimpses into History— One Supreme Grand Master. 217 CHAPTER XXIX. Canada's Sovereignty still Unacknowledged — Complete Independence Desired — Outdoor Costume — The Triennial Conclave at Chicago — Assassination of President Garfield 225 CHAPTER XXX. Death of Thomas Douglas Harington — Condition of Great Priory — Growth of the Independence Movement — The Trouble in New Brunswick — The English Grand Chancellor in Canada 237 CHAPTER XXXI. The Great Prior and Independence of Great Prior — Conflict of Opinion — The New Brunswick Difficulty and the Chapter Gen- eral of Scotland — Decorations from the Prince of Wales. ....... 250 CHAPTER XXXII. Independence Secured — The Sovereign Great Priory of the Domin- ion Inaugurated — Col. Moore Installed Supreme Grand Master —His Address to the Assembled Fratres— Matters of Importance Discussed 263 CHAPTER XXXIII. Exist-nce of the Scottish Encampment in New Brunswick — The Remedy to be Applied— The Grand Master's Allocution Read to the Second Annual Assembly of the Sovereign Great Priory — Historical Review of the System 282 CHAPTER XXXIV. Edict of Non-Intercourse with Foreign Templar Bodies Working on Canadian Territory — The Scottish Fratres in New Brunswick Circulate a Statement of Their Side of the Question 301 CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER XXXV. PAGE Why the Edict was Issued — Conciliatory Efforts of no Avail — How the Order Progressed — A Warrant for a Preceptory in Australia — Third Annual Assembly of the Sovereign Great Priory 313 CHAPTER XXXVI. Another Edict of Non-Intercourse — England Indignant at Canada's Issuance of a Warrant to Australia — Alleged Invasion of Ter- ritory — Two Further Warrants Authorized 323 CHAPTER XXXVII. Canada's Position with Regard to Australia — England's Ground Un- tenable — Fifth Annual Assembly of the Sovereign Great Priory — Withdrawal of the Edict Against the Scottish Templars 339 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Assembly of the Sovereign Great Priory — Encouraging outlook for the Order — The Grand Master's Allocution — Templarism and Masonry 354 CHAPTER XXXIX. The History of Hugh de Payens Preceptory — The Premier Precep- tory of the Dominion — The Gordon Order of Merit — Address of the Eminent Commander to the Recipients 363 CHAPTER XL. The Past of Canadian Templarism — The American and Canadian Systems Compared — Who can justly claim the Templar Title ? — The Order and its Future 372 1. Preceptories on the roll of the Sovereign Grand Priory, with date of Warrants, names of Petitioning Fratres and Original Officers. 383 2. Members on the Register of the Sovereign Great Priory of Knights Templars for the Dominion of Canada 389 3. Presiding Preceptors in order of succession in each Preceptory from date of formation and establishment 395 KNIGHTS TEMPLAES. CHAPTER I. Origin op the Templars — The Conquest of Jerusalem and the First Crusade — The Orders op Knighthood— The Hospitallers and Templars Their Organization in European Countries and in America. Y way of introduction to the history of the Templar Order in Canada, it is fitting that reference should be made to Orders of Knighthood in history gene- rally. The glory and value of the Templar Order ■will be enhanced by such reference, in that it will show a logical connection with ancient religious and military Knighthood. Within the limits of a work of this kind the reference can be only of a most general character, but yet, it is hoped, of sufficient value to justify the statement. Rome had been the proud empress of the world for many centuries, and even so late as the seventh century was giving promise of continued dominion, when the sudden appearance of Mohammed and his devastating tribes directly undermined her greatness and hastened her fall. To this oriental religious enthusiast is to be ascribed — indirectly, at least — the origin of military Orders of Knighthood. The conquest of Jerusalem, upon the walls of which the cross of Christ had been planted nearly three centuries, brought dismay to nearly all Christen- dom, and directly led to the First Crusade for its recovery. The Greek and Latin Christians had annually made pilgrim- ages to the Holy City to obtain remission of their sins at the Holy Sepulchre. After the disunion of the Greek and Latin churches, these pilgrims suffered great hardships amid the con- flicts of Mohammed's followers for supremacy. In 1048 some 2 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Italian merchants obtained permission to build asylums or " hospitals " near the Holy Sepulchre, for the protection and maintenance of Latin pilgrims who were sick or destitute. One hospital, for men, was dedicated to St. John the Almoner, and another, for women, to St. Mary Magdalene. The poor and sick were cared for by a company of associates called the Hospitallers of Jerusalem. After serving the beneficent pur- pose of its institution for sixteen years, the Hospital of St. John was despoiled when Jerusalem was taken by the Turks. This devastation of the Holy City led directly to the subse- quent Crusades, and during their continuance, when the city was retaken by the Saracens, the Hospitallers called them- selves Knights Hospitallers, because they defended their hospital against the Saracens. The Hospitallers then became a religious institution, instead of a secular organization, and adopted a uniform habit of a plain black robe with a white, eight-pointed linen cross on the left breast, and at this point are the foundation and influence and power of the Orders of Knighthood. When Raymond du Puis became Chief he com- bined the military with the religious. He organized the Hospitallers into three classes, the first being composed of men of noble ancestry and of military renown, the second of priests, and the third of serving men. From this time every Knight was a monk-soldier — obligating himself to obedience, poverty and chastity, and swearing to defend the Christian banner with the sword. The enthusiasm for military glory was so great that the Knightly Order rapidly extended itself, and soon outgrew its Latin composition. Co-ordinate to some extent, and cotemporaneous with the Hospitallers, was the Order of the Temple or Knights Templars. This Order was instituted in 1119 by Hugh de Payens and Geoffrey de St. Aldemar, who had connected with them seven other French Knights. The design of the Order was to protect pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. But it rapidly exceeded this mission, and soon became the most bril- liant body of the crusading army, and was the noble body- guard of the King of Jerusalem. He gave the corps a resi- dence on the site of the Temple of Solomon, on which stood a Christian church, built in the 7th century. From this church or temple, dedicated to them, they took the name Order of the Temple, or Templars. The Templars were thus organized in imitation of the Hospitallers, with the difference that the martial spirit of Christianity took the place of its eleemosy- nary spirit, although both were combined. In turn, then the THE HOSPITALLERS AND TEMPLARS. 3 Hospitallers copied the Templars, and became a military body- through the Crusades. These two Orders were the support of the crusading army, and each became extensive, influential and wealthy. The history of Knighthood in the world is now carried along these two streams of Hospitallers and Templars. The streams flow side by side, sometimes intermingle, but yet the divergence is sufficiently marked to be traced historically. The Order of Knights Hospitallers of St. John was established in 1118, and Raymond du Puis was the first Grand Master. For one hundred years they maintained their distinctively military character by fighting the enemies of the Christian faith. They finally captured the city of Rhodes, and resided there until the beginning of the 16th century, whence they were called Knights of Rhodes. During the residence of the Order at Rhodes important changes took place in its organiza- tion. These changes arose from the fact that, no more Knights being needed for crusades, they turned their attention to the enrichment of their establishments and the extension of their numbers. The Turks finally conquered Rhodes, and the Knights left the island in 1522. In 1530 they were given the island of Malta by the Emperor of Germany, and occupied it 268 years. From this time forward they were called Knights of Malta. In 1798 their Grand Master surrendered their island to the French, and from that date the decline of the Order was rapid, and this date ends its real history. In its palmy days it had 21 Grand Priories in Europe, and 596 Commanderies. It was then divided into eight langues, but now only the langues of Italy and Germany remain. The Order may be said to be virtually disintegrated, although the functions of Grand Master are exercised by an officer who re- sides at Rome. The magnificence and chivalric splendour of the Order have passed away, and there is nothing in any body of the present day organically connected with the heroic Knights of Malta of the days of Moslem rule in the Holy City. The ancient feuds and rivalries of the Hospitallers and Templars render any supposed subsequent union of the two a historical anomaly not to be entertained. This historical and illogical absurdity is maintained wherever the degree of a Knight of Malta in Masonry is conferred in a United States Commandery of Knights Templars. In the United States this degree is conferred as an " Appendant Order." It was revoked in 1856, but restored in 1862, and is now fully established as a distinct degree of Chivalric Masonry. In the British Empire the Orders of the Temple and Malta are " united," but con- 4 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. ferred as separate ceremonies, closely following the practices of the old Orders. The rivalry between the Templars and the Order of St. John had long ceased before the latter Order be- came Knights of Malta. The ancient Order of Hospitallers was never a secret Order, while that of the Templars had a secret formulary of initia- tion, and what decayed remnant of the Knights of Malta now exists emphatically disclaims any connection whatever with Masonry. These two facts in connection with the historic reason already given, show that the Knights of Malta as an institution is not Masonic, and has no historic or legitimate relation to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. Taking up the history of the Knights Templars, we find that Hugh de Payens secured from the authorities of the Latin church a code of regulations that gave permanence to the Order. Then they were called "Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ," and were celebrated for their ascetic habits and purity of life as well, subsequently, as for their military prowess. The distinctive dress was a white mantle with a red cross on the breast, the mantle signifying purity, and the cross, which was not eight-pointed, like that of the Hospitallers, meant martyrdom. At first the organization was of a very simple character. In the 12th century it was divided into three classes of knights, chaplains and serving brethren, with two minor grades. It was required of a Knight that he be lawfully born, of noble ancestry, a free man, a member of no other Order, and of sound mind and body. The chaplain took the three vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and executed the religious duties of the Order, and the serving-men were the soldiers and artizans. The Grand Master, elected for life, originally resided at Jeru- salem, but finally at Cyprus. The next in order was the Seneschal, and then a number of minor officers followed. As the Order increased in numbers and wealth, it gradually extended its establishment into every part of Europe, except Denmark, Sweden and Norway, the most impoverished king- doms. It was then divided into provinces, each of which was governed by a Grand Preceptor or Grand Prior. These officers, with other distinguished knights, constituted the general chap- ter or great legislative body of the Order. The initiation of a Knight was a solemn, secret ceremony. Although the Order received its sanction and original code of regulations from the Latin church, not even the Pope's legate could be admitted to the meetings of the general chapter. No authentic accurate knowledge of the secrets of the Templar THEIR ORGANIZA TION IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 5 organization can be obtained, although it is possible that some of their features have descended to us. The history of the Templars is so closely interwoven with that of the Crusades that a transcript of one is that of the other. They inhabited the Holy Land from 1119 to 1300, and about the time the Hospitallers were driven out and obtained possession of Rhodes, the Templars were expelled, and went to Cyprus. After a brief stay there they retired to their different Preceptories in Europe. When Philip IV. became King of France, and had his celebrated contest with Pope Boniface, the Templars sided with the latter, thus incurring the hatred of the king. Their enormous wealth and extensive possessions excited his avarice, and. he made an infamous conspiracy with 'Pope Clement V. to annihilate the Order and confiscate its property. James de Molay, the Grand Master, was imprisoned, and on the 13th of October, 1307, every Knight in France was arrested on the pretended charge of idolatry. De Molay and the three principal dignitaries were publicly burnt, and the Order was suppressed throughout Europe by the King of France and the Pope of Rome. Its vast possessions were appropriated by the sovereigns of the various countries and given to the Order of the Knights of Malta. After an exist- ence of 294 years thus perished a chivalric Order that, despite its disreputable contests with its rival, St. John, has covered ' the pages of Palestine's history with imperishable glory. The cruel martyrdom and rank injustice attending its dissolution glorify it in proportion as posterity contemns the infamy of the King and Pope that laid impious hands upon the noble Knights of the Temple. ' Having thus very generally sketched the rise and fall of the two principal Knightly Orders of the world's history, from which the modern Templars logically proceed, a glance at the history of the latter is necessary. The logical descent of modern Templarism from these two Orders may be asserted, because the spirit of chivalry is as active in these more civil- ized times as it was when learning was confined only to the noble and priestly classes. But the organic, vital and direct succession of modern Knights Templars from these Orders may safely be denied. And the position that Knight Templarism, whether of 1.889 or of 1310, is Masonic in character, may also be successfully assailed. That of 1889 is imitative but not historical, and it lacks the proof to make it authentic as deriva- tive from the ancient Templarism. It is sufficient to state here that the reason for the existence of the latter passed away with the passage of the middle ages, while modern Templarism 6 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. is totally different in design and practice. Ancient Templar- ism was the protege" and the loyal support of the Papacy, and the assertion that modern Templarism is the foster- child of the Papal power is a travesty upon the relation of Romanism and Protestantism, and a flat contradiction of his- toric truth. The Templars of France claim direct descent from the original Order by means of a charter given Larmenius by Molay, but the genuineness of this charter has not yet been shown. The Swedish Templar Masons claim their descent from a nephew of Molay, who was a member of the Templar Order in Portugal. But he really came from a new Order not having any relation whatever with the Templars, but which had secured the possessions of the latter in Portugal after the disestablishment. There is a tradition — and only a tradition — that Peter Aumont, a supposed successor of Molay, fled to Scotland after the dissolution of the Order, and there estab- lished Templarism as a Masonic Order. The Templars of Ger- many are also descendants of Aumont. Templarism in England claims, through the Baldwin En- campment, an establishment as far back as at the close of the 12th century. The grounds for this claim are more valid than those urged in favour of a direct descent from Molay, and it is from this Encampment that Templarism in Sweden, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the United States is derived. It repu- diates origin from any individual, but owes its rise to the action of independent Knights who fled for security and per- petuity into the body of Masonry. The first encampments of Knights Templars in the United States were established in New York State prior to 1797. A Grand Encampment was formed in 1802, and a General Grand Encampment in 1816. The latter now meets trienni- ally. The Templars there number about 100,000 members, but the organization resembles that of a volunteer corps, the members being uniformed and subject to strict military discipline. The Canadian Templarism dates from 1782, when an encampment existed in Halifax, Nova Scotia. This organi- zation worked under the warrant of Craft Lodge No. 211. E.R. In 1800 a Templar warrant was issued under the authority of Craft Lodge No. 6 at Kingston, Ont. This body is really the parent of the Templar organizations of the Dominion. CHAPTER II. The Templar System of the British Empire — Extracts prom an Article Published by Ool. MacLeod Moore, G.C.T., Grand Master op the Templar Order in Canada intended as an Explanation op the Origin and History of Modern Templary. HE venerable Grand Master of the Templar Order in Canada, Col. MacLeod Moore, some time ago replied, in an able article, to the oft-submitted question, " If Templary is not Masonry, what is it ? " the body of which, as showing the origin and reason for the perpetuation of Modern Templary, gathered from the researches of a devoted Templar student, is here given, and to the reader will prove interesting and instructive. The Grand Master says : " It is only within the last thirty years that any attempt has been made to clear up the contradictory opinions existing, and myths, which surround Modern Templary respecting its true object, meaning and. origin, with its assumed connection, as an integral portion of Free and Accepted Masonry. Previously every idle tale and legend relating to ' Freemasonry ' were firmly believed, no trouble being taken to investigate the truth or false- hood of the assertions, and various theories have been from time to time advanced in attempting to prove that it is a component part of the Masonic system ; but all have failed to convince, before historic facts and modern criticism, however carefully perversion of truth may be arranged. The inception of a correct and true understanding of the modern ' Tem- plar Order ' must be looked for from the commencement of the Grand Mastership of H.B.H. the Prince of Wales, and formation of a Convent General of the Order in A.D. 1873, when a most searching investigation was instituted as to its alleged derivation and connection with ' Free and Accepted Masonry,' as well as direct descent from the old orders of Chris- tian chivalry. By a committee of the best informed members of the Order in England and Ireland, it was then ascertained and declared that ' Modern Templary ' was in no way a part of or derived from speculative Masonry, but merely allied to it to preserve the intimate connection sup- posed to have existed between the old Christian builders of the cloisters and the ' religious and military orders of tile middle ages, and thus repre- sent and continue them as a Christian society, following the doctrine and usages of chivalry, by preserving their traditions and trinitarian Christian belief in the symbolic teaching of the sacred mysteries.' " It has been distinctly shown that Masonic Templary first appeared in the Craft Lodges, under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Athol, towards the end of the last century, known as the ' Athol M*sons,' or the ' Ancients. ' 8 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. "At this period an idea prevailed that the old Military Templars were in some way intimately associated with Masonry, but the builders from the cloisters and the chivalric orders were quite separate and distinct Christian bodies, with whom the Masonic Templars who attempt to imi- tate the Knights of old have nothing in common save the name. "The Templar degrees were introduced into the North American Pro- vinces a few years before the Declaration of Independence from British rule, and were afterwards reconstructed there, to form a part of the new rite of American Freemasonry, which follows the universal creed of the last century Masonic revival, rejecting its Christian origin and character- istics, adopting in the Templar degrees the democratic principles of equality, etc., at that time existing in Europe, totally changing the object and meaning of the Order to make and call it a Masonic degree. There is no affinity between ' Free and Accepted Masons ' and the orders of Christian chivalry, excepting in the imagination of Masonic enthusi- asts, many of whom, in this sceptical age, under the cover of science or criticism, eagerly seize upon any new theory to use it, if possible, against Christianity, and insist that in the course of evolution the old Templars' doctrines were merged into speculative Masonry. At the same time they profess not to doubt the substantial correctness of its origin and principles, yet will not admit the advisableness of perpetuating the exclusive trinitarian Christian character, considering that Knight Templary and Freemasonry must eventually yield to the laws of evolutionary progress, believing that man's conception of the Deity corresponds with his knowledge of nature, and with advanced intellectual studies. Of Revelation they profess to know but little, and that only one thing is clear, viz. : ' No set of men in one generation can form laws, make constitutions, promulgate dogmas, etc., for those of all coming ages.' Such is the language of the free- thinking and advanced opinions of the present day, with reference to Templary, as opposed to those who desire to promulgate and perpetuate in the true Templar system the doctrines of the Catholic faith to the honor and glory of God. " The direct descent or perpetuation of the old military Templar prin- ciples and usages to the present time may be partly accounted for, after the suppression of the Ancient Order in the fourteenth century, from many of the members retiring into secular life and being dispersed over Europe, whilst others joined the ' Religious and Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem,' which in Scotland became known as the combined orders of the Temple and St. John, when the individuality of the Tem- plars was forgotten, but that of St. John continued— called 'Knights of Malta. " On the dissolution of this Sovereign Body, and evacuation by them of the Island of Malta in 1798, the different languages of the Order were formed into independent branches in the chief cities of Europe. That of England was revived about 60 years ago, from the dormant sixth langiie, authorized by a legal and just representation of the whole of the existing branches, and now holds its chancery in the old Gate-house of St. John, at Clerkenwell, London, all that remains of the ancient Priory of that name, and strictly carries out the original charitable Hospitaller duties of aid to the sick and wounded. "Within the last year the Order of St. John in England has been reconstructed under Royal Charter of incorporation, with Her Majesty the Queen as the Sovereign head and patron ; and under said charter H. R. H. the Prince of Wales has become Grand Prior. It is totally distinct, and ignores anv connection with ' Free and Accepted Masonry ' ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MODERN TEUPLARY. 9 Individual members of the Order in the last century, joining the Masonic fraternity, may have tended in some measure to the formation of the Masonic imitation degrees of Knight Templars and Knight of Malta, and also to the perpetuation of the traditional belief of a connection having existed between the Templars of the Crusaders and the early Ecclesiasti- cal builders — who were said to be conversant with, and practised the occult sciences of the East, in the retirement of their cloisters. " Such, then, appears to be the true and correct history of Modern Templary from the most careful research and reliable authorities, who reject this mistaken belief, false theory, and fables of its being, either directly or indirectly, a portion of the system of Tree and Accepted Masonry. ' "The Orders of Knighthood are quite distinct from Masonry, and there is no such thing as Masonic Knighthood, and any such claim is a childish fable. The honors of Knighthood can only be conferred by the Sovereign, or the representative of the Sovereign ; but our system does not pretend to be a Knightly Order ; it only promulgates the reading and teachings of the Ancient Knightly fraternity. " The ceremonies of the United Orders of the Temple and Malta in the Empire are intended to inculcate the cardinal doctrines of the Catholic faith, with a firm belief in the holy and undivided Trinity, the chief and indissoluble character of the Templar Order, without which, in spite of all sophistry and special pleadings, no true Templary can exist. To speak of Templary as an Order of ' Free and Accepted Masonry ' is simply ridiculous. " The Order of the Temple existed for centuries apart from Masonry, without any known connection further than that the Knights of old en> ployed the ancient Craft as workmen, and our modern Craft Grand Lodges consider the Templar degrees as glaring innovations on 'Symbolic' Masonry. Although the United Orders cannot claim a direct descent from the old ReSgious Military fraternities of the Middle Ages, their teaching and practices distinctly prove their chivalric origin, and are a revival of the principles and usages of the old Religious and Military Orders, which they correctly represent. "Modern Templary, then, is only recognized as quasi Masonic, nothing more, from being allied to it as one of the additional degrees for about a century past, and it never obtained official recognition in Eng- land, save as an adopted degree by the York ' Grand Lodge of All England,' which became extinct about 1790, when York Masonry died out, and never united with the regular Grand Lodge of England. "Close investigation has clearly proved that the alleged origins of Masonic Templary in the different countries where it exists are mere fictions. The fabrications of the last century, principally derived from the idle legends of the obsolete ' Rite of Strict Observance,' which built up a mass of childish fables, used to support the theories of the high grade Masonic system, that the test of history totally rejects. " The assumption that Freemasonry is the offspring of the old Mili- tary Templars is equally untenable. 1 ' CHAPTER IIT. The Templar Ordek — Its Introduction into British North America — A Discussion as to the Priory of the Knights of St. John at Quebec— The First Warrant for a Templar Encamp- ment in Cavada. rT is only within the past few years that any effort has been made to trace the history of the Templar Order, from the date of the introduction of the system into Canada. Masonic writers have, as a general rule, been inclined to content themselves with the statement that Canadian Tern plarism couldonly be traced with certainty to the second decade of the nine- teenth century, and when doubts were expressed as to the reliability of this assertion, the querist was met by a request to furnish some proof, however slight, that the information given was not strictly and in every sense true. Critics were therefore silenced, and no one seemed courageous enough to delve into the records hidden in the chests of Masonic Lodges, and so the origin of Templarism was, without objection, allotted to the second decade of the nineteenth century. In 1885 the writer, while on a voyage of discovery in connection with his History of the Craft Lodges of Ontario, came across, in the collection of MSS. of the Rev. Dr. Scadding, a sheet of ordinary writing paper, dated 3Lst October, 1800, and in- scribed thereon a Templar warrant for Canada, under the sanction of Lodge No. 6, Kingston, which is evidence that the Templar brethren there exercised the authority of a governing body. Shortly after the production of this document — a copy of which is given in fac simile in this work — a further dis- covery was made by Bro. W. F. Bunting, of St. John, New Brunswick, in effect that a Knights Templars encampment existed at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1782, held under the Craft warrant of Lodge No. 211, on the registry of the Grand Lodge of York Masons of England, now numbered 2 on the Registry of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia. While all this was so happily turning up in connection with the history of Templar- ism, a still more interesting announcement was made through ITS INTBODUCTION INTO BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 11 the columns of the Quebec Morning Chronicle on 12th Decem- ber, 1885, which gave Templarism an antiquity in Canada that can hardly be claimed for even the oldest of the Craft organizations. In 1885 an English officer, Col. R E. Carr, visited Quebec, and, after his return to England, wrote a letter from Morton Barracks, Worcester, England, on 25th Novem- ber, 1885, to Major Dennis Murray, Clerk of the Peace, of Quebec, referring to conversations he had had with that gentleman during his visit to Canada, which is better, per- haps, given in his own words. The letter addressed to Major Murray was referred by that gentleman to Mr. J. M. Le Moine, F.R.S.C., the well-known Canadian historian. CoL Carr's letter reads as follows : — ' ' Morton Barracks, " Worcester, England, "November 25th, 1885. " Dear Major Murray, — On my return to England from the Canadian Northwest, I referred to the point in the antiquities of Quebec, regarding which I could not quite trust my memory when enjoying the benefit of your company in seeing the town, viz., the existence under the French regime of a Priory of the Knights of St. John, and of which we could find no trace. " Knowing your interest in the history of the religious orders of the city, I send you an extract from a fine Italian three vol. quarto work in my possession, which proves that the Order of Malta had extensive en- dowments in the Province. There is no doubt that two of the early Governors-General, whose names are probably familiar to you, were members of the Order. This may account for their establishing a branch in New France . If you should ever find a record of the fate of the house or property, 1 should be very glad to hear of it. ******** " Very truly yours, " ( Signed) R. E. Carr, " Colonel. "Major Murray, Quebec, Canada." Subjoined is the extract relating to Quebec previously alluded to : — "Extract from the American Gazetteer, translated from English and published in Italian, at Leghorn, 1763 : — "The city is well built, and full of superb edifices, such as churches and palaces ; but there are especially the palace of the Bishop, the Tribunals of Justice, the House of Knights of Jerusalem, which is a superb building of square stones, and which is said to have cost £40,000 sterling ; with convents of friars, monks, chapels, etc., which it would occupy too much time to describe. But the most notable edifice of all is the Palace (of St. Louis), where the Governor resides, in which was the Grand Council of Carolina, when Quebec was in the hands of the French, and where were kept all the Royal archives." Mr. Le Moine, in his letter to the Chronicle, which included that of Col. Carr, says :— 12 KNIGBTS TEMPLARS. " Before dealing with the enquiry set forth by Col. Carr — ' the existence of a Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem '— 'it may not be amiss to identify some of the old buildings alluded to in the Italian-American Gazetteer of 1763. " The Bishop's Palace (subsequently public offices and vaults), erected by Bishop St. Vallier, the Becond Bishop of Quebec, about 1692, stood on the south side of the area, on which a wing was added in 1859-60 to the adjoining Parliament Building. Our first House of Parliament, erected in 1834, was destroyed by fire in 1854 ; rebuilt, and again destroyed by fire. The Bishop's Palace had been ceded to the Imperial Government by one of his successors, Bishop Panet, in 1830, for the perpetual ground rent of £1,000 sterling, still attached to the ground lot. "The 'Tribunal of Justice' may mean the Senechaussee building, which terminated at the East of St. Louis Street. The dwelling of James Dunbar, Q.C., covers at present a portion of the ground. Possibly the Intendant's Palace, in the rear of Boswell'B Brewery, may have been con- sidered as one of the ' Tribunals of Justice.' Though no vestige now re- mains, it is not hard to locate the site of the ' Convent of Friars.' The old Monastery of Franciscan Friars, on Garden Street, is clearly alluded to, a vast quadrangular building, with fruit gardens ; it fell a prey to fire on the 26th of September, 1796 ; on a portion of its grounds the Anglican Cathedral was built in 1804. One is at a loss to locate ' the House of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem,' a superb building of square stones, and which is said to have cost £40,000 sterling. If it was not the Chateau Saint Louis, the first structure of which was of wood, could it be any por- tion of the Fort Saint Louis, built faciDg the Chateau Saint Louis, and on the ground now partly comprised by the Ring, or Place d'ArmesI It was demolished shortly after the conquest. " Could the old gilt stone in the wall, with its Maltese Cross and its date, ' 1647, 'have formed any portion of the house of the Knights t The figures ' 1647 ' unquestionably bring us back, as the Bev. Abbe clearly showed, to the administration of Gopernor de Montmagny, a Knight of Malta," etc. The letter of Mr. Le Moine drew forth from " E. T. D. C." (E. T. D. Chambers), a correspondent of the Chronicle, the fol- lowing on December 17, 1885. He writes stating : — " I have read with no little interest the queries of Mr. J. M. Le Moine, published in the Chronicle of Saturday last, concerning the existence at Quebec, under French regime, of a Priory of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ; and have anxiously looked for replies thereto from students of early Canadian history. " In my own limited researches, I have been unable to find a trace of such a body within the period designated by Mr. Le Moine and Colonel Carr, though in view of the number of eminent Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta resident at Quebec in the first half of the seventeenth century, the absence of a Priory of the Order in this city would have been not only a very remarkable fact, but one at variance with the general principles and practices of the Order. Charles Hualt de Montmagny, Champlain's successor at Quebec, was not only a Knight of Malta himself, but De Lisle, his lieutenant, belonged to the same chival- rous Order. So also did the illustrious Noel Brulart de Sillery, who after becoming a priest, placed an ample fund in the hands of the Jesuits for the formation of a settlement of Christian Indians, at the spct which KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN AT QUEBEC. 13 still bears his name. The name of another distinguished Knight of Malta is intimately connected with early Canadian history. When her North American possessions were restored to France by the treaty of 1632, Sieur Isaac de Razilly, Commander of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, was commissioned by his Sovereign, at the instance of Riche- lieu, to proceed to Port Royal and receive its submission to King Louis. Commander de Razilly was a noted officer in the French navy, and one of the most foremost members of the company of the Hundred Associates. A concession was made him on the 29th of May, 1632, of the river and Bay St. Croix. The esteem in which Sieur de Razilly was held by distin- guished members of his own Order, is shown by the letters addressed him from Malta on the 20th of February, 1636, by the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and which those interested may read for themselves at page 114, Vol. 1, of the ' Documents Historiques relatifs a la Nouvelle France,' recently published (1883) by the Provincial Government, under the personal supervision of Hon. Jean Blanchet, Pro- vincial Secretary." We learn from the History of the Knights of Malta, by Abbe" de Berlot, Vol. V., page 141, that in 1652 the Order of Malta purchased the Island of St. Christopher, now one of the British West India islands, for which they were obliged to Chevalier de Poincy, who commanded in that island. Some trouble having arisen, the Grand Master sent Brother Charles Hualt de Mont- magny, then Receiver of the Priory of France, to America, as Procureur-General of the Order. " While everything points to the probability of the existence at Quebec in 1647, of a Priory of Knights of St. John, it is difficult, if not impossible, to find any other trace of ' a house of Knights of St. John ' than that quoted by Colonel Carr as an Italian translation from the American Gazetteer. Not one of the many descriptions still preserved, of Quebec's public buildings in the 17th century, contains the slightest mention of such a house. It is scarcely probable that a chapter house at Quebec for the Knights of St. John was furnished by the Government of France, and it is therefore more reasonable to suppose that the Quebec Priory of 1647 assembled for their chapter meetings, in an apartment fitted up for their reception either in the Chateau, or in the Fort St. Louis. That neither the members of the Order in New France nor its head in Europe, could afford the necessary sum for the erection of a house in Quebec, is evident from the letter to de Razilly, already referred to, and from which it appears that on account of the costly fortifications then being made at Malta, the Grand Master, though fully appreciating the foreign labors of his correspondent, was regretfully compelled to express his inability to send him any financial aid. " How then are we to account for the allusion to a chapter-house in the extract translated from the American Gazetteer? The old gilt stone with the Maltese cross, and the date 1647, now in the wall facing Mr. Dunbar's residence, if visible at that time, might readily have conveyed the impression to the -writer of the Gazetteer, that the building of which it formed a part was a house of the Knights of St John and Malta. But we have it on the authority of the late James Thompson, that this stone 14 KNIGHTS TEMPLABS. was dug up on the 17th of September, 1784, by the miners at the Chateau, who were engaged in levelling the yard during the erection of the Chateau Haldimand. Ifc would thus appear that this was the foundation stone of the Chateau St. Louis, erected by Montmagny in 1647 to re- place or enlarge the original fortress built by Champlain in 1620. It would not be remarkable, however, if a casual observer lik6 the Gazetteer writer, should have taken for granted that the building partially occupied by the Priory at Quebec was the actual property of the Sir Knights. " It may not generally be known that since the decline of the Order as a military body, and the issue of the ecclesiastical edicts launched against the Sir Knights, their teachings, profession and ceremonial have con- tinued and been handed down, practically unimpaired, to their descendants. " E. T. D. C." then refers to the establishment of a Preceptory of Knights Templars and Priory of the Knights of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, in Quebec, nearly half a century ago. He states that : "The majority of the Knights were French Canadians and many of them leading merchants of St. Eoch's. Some of the latter survive to this day, but all left the Order when Freemasonry, which is, and for long has been, a necessary stepping stone to its mysteries, was denounced by the Catho- lic Church. The withdrawal of the seat of Government to Ottawa caus- ed the removal of the warrant to Ottawa and a final disruption of the Priory of Quebec, which had been dedicated to ' William de la More, the Martyr.' On the 1st of May, 1880, a new Preceptory and Priory, under its old title, obtained a charter from the National Great Priory of Cana- da," and closes by stating, " I know that these latter details are not specially called for by Mr. Le Moine's letter, but I cannot believe that they will prove altogether devoid of interest to those who may have wondered what extent of connection exists between the Knights of St. John and Malta of to-day and their predecessors of 1647, — ' whose bones are dust, whose swords are rust, whose souls are with the saints, we trust.' " On the 26th of Jan., 1880, Mr. Le Moine again wrote to the Chronicle, a lengthy but interesting communication, referring to the correspondence of the 12th Dec, enclosing Colonel Carr's letter and also alluding to the valuable information furnished by " E. T. D. C." in the same paper on the 17th Dec, 1885. Mr. Le Moine in his second letter says : " In a communication to the Morning Chronicle, bearing date 12th December last, I drew attention to an extract from an American Gazetteer published at Leghorn, in 1763, furnished by a distinguished British officer, Colonel E. E. Carr, now stationed with his regiment at Worcester England, as set forth in a letter recently addressed by him, asking for information, to our fellow-townsman, Dennis Murray, Esq. " The American Gazetteer, of 1763, purported to describe among other notable edifices of Quebec, at that date, the ' House of Knights of Jeru- salem, a superb building of square stones, said to have cost £40 000 sterling.' The origin, existence, and whereabouts of such a costly st'ruc- KN1QHTS OF ST. JOHN AT QUEBEC. 15 tare, at this period, rather astonished, nay, much perplexed, the numerous delvers in the arena joi our ' did curiosity shop.' Here, indeed, was a nut to crack, for our indefatigable Montieths, our Champollions, our Oldbucks of every degree. " A formal invitation through the press was addressed, calling on the Craft to prepare for the scientific tournament and illumine with their choicest lore this arcanum magnum. One of the first to respond was an industrious student of Canadian History, Dr. N. E. Dionne, author also of an elaborate disquisition on Champlain's last resting-place: another unsolved mystery for inquiring students. The doctor contributed two columns in a city journal, dwelling on the important part played in the early days of the ancient capital, by several Knights of Malta, and stating that he could find no satisfactory evidence of a Priory of Knights of St. John, etc., having existed at Quebec. ' " A correspondent, signing E. T. D. C, in the Morning Clironicle of the 17th of December last, contributed his valued quota of information on several points, alleging that notwithstanding the names of several eminent Knights of Jerusalem, Rhodes and "Malta, such as Governor de Montmagny, his Lieutenant De Lisle, the Commander Noel Brulart de Sillery, Razilly in Acadia, all inscribed on the roll of early Canadian worthies, there was nothing to show that a regular Priory or Chapter House had been founded at Quebec in 1647, that it was more reasonable to suppose that the Knights assembled for their Chapter meetings ' in an apartment fitted up for their reception, either in the Chateau or in the Fort St. Louis,' that on account of the costly fortifications then being made in Malta, the Grand Master, though fully appreciating the labours ' of some of the foreign members, was unable to send any financial aid.' " The perplexing ' old gilt stone,' with the Maltese cross and the date, ' 1647,' in the Chateau wall facing Mr. J. Dunbar's residence, naturally came in for its share of notice. On rather slender historical grounds it is indicated by the correspondent as the foundation stone of the Chateau St. Louis, erected in 1647 by De Montmagny to replace or enlarge Cham- plain's original fortress. E. T. D. C. then adds interesting data, especi- ally for the knights of the square, compass and circle, touching Masonic matters, such as the handing down, practically, as he says, unimpaired to their descendants of the ' teachings, profession and ceremonial of the Sir Knights.' " The ' Priory ' controversy has brought more than one Richmond into the field. A most industrious and able young writer, hailing from the ambitious town of Levis, Mr. Joseph Edmund Roy, advan- tageously known by his historical sketch of the " First Inhabi- tant of Levis " has written about twenty columns in the Qwotidien to solve the question propounded by Colonel Carr. That the Knights of St. John in the palmy days of the Order did fix upon the colony of Quebec as a likely spot on which to plant their standard, more than one writer is agreed. They were powerful and wealthy, and that they should seek out so fair and promising a land was but characteristic of their am- 16 KNIGBTS TEMPLARS. bition. In Capt. John Knox's Journal of the Siege of Quebec, the following entry, under date of 1st October, 1759, descrip- tive of the chief edifices of the city, he makes mention of the still unfinished but imposing house of the Knights Hospitallers : " Their principal buildings were the Cathedral, of which only the walls remain; the bishop's palace, the colleges of the Jesuits and Eecollets, the convent of the Ursulines and Hotel De Dieu, with their churches, a semi- nary for the education of youth, almost beat to pieces, with a neat chapel adjoining; a stately and unfinished house for the Knights Hospitallers, the Intendant's magnificent palace in the suburbs of St. Eoque, and the church of Madame la Victoire, in the low town, of which the walls only are standing. In the corner houses of the street are niches in the wall, with statues as large as life of St. Joseph, St. Ursula, St. Augustine, St. Denis, and many others, with the like figures in the front of their churches and other religious houses, which have an agreeable effect to the eyes of passengers. The castle, or citadel, and residence of the late Governor-General, fronting the BeCollet's college and church, and situ- ated on the grand parade, which is a spacious place surrounded with fair buildings, is curiously erected on the top of a precipice, south of the Episcopal house, and overlooks the low town. The palace, called Fort St. Louis, was the rendezvous of the Grand Council of the colony. There is, besides, another citadel on the summit of the eminence of Cape Diamond." The first of the Knights to reach Quebec was Champlain, who came in 1603. He returned to France and was sent to Canada a second time in 1608. It is claimed by some writers that Champlain was not a Knight of Malta at this time, as his name does not appear on a list of persons present at a Chapter of the Order held on 11th May, 1631, nor was he represented by a proxy. According to historians he was followed by Charles de Bourbon, Comte de Soissons, who became Viceroy of New France, as it was then named. De Chattes, Governor of Dieppe, being one of those financially interested in the colony, interested himself in the movement, and he it was who prevailed upon Champlain to take the initiatory step. The Knights were not long in making their influence felt. De Montmagny especially proved an active factor in public affairs, and in conjunction with other Knights, notably de Sillery, de Razilly, all members of the Company of the Hundred Partners, advanced the colony with rapid strides. Montmagny, who was Governor of Quebec from 1636 to 1648, was recalled to France in the latter year, and was subsequently sent by the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta to St. Christopher, in the "West Indies, to enquire into the conduct of the Chevalier de Poincy, who, as Governor of the islands, had built a castle there, which he had fortified like a citadel, and so managed affairs that complaints were made to the Grand Master, who KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN AT QUEBEC. 17 made enquiries, when de Poincy offered to surrender it to Jacques Rouxel de Graucy, the Grand Master of the Order, conditionally that the latter would pay his debts. The king, however, did not take long to dispossess him, and the Grand Master appointed the Chevalier de Sales to assist de Poincy with his Council. De Poincy died on the island shortly after- wards. During his time the island were held by the Order. The investment proving the reverse of profitable, they were re- sold to a French company, who finally passed them into the hands of England. The Order in Canada, however, progressed, and the Knights during Montmagny's rdgirne acquired strength and influence. As Governor of Quebec from 1636 to 1648, he was untiring in his efforts to advance their interests and ele- vate himself at the same time. The massive Chateau St. Louis, rebuilt by him and converted into a fortress, was for many years a monument to his desire for greatness. His conduct, together with the fact that the increasing possessions and in- fluence of the Knights was creating comment and jealousy, occasioned his withdrawal by the king. Nor was suspicion created by Montmagny's conduct alone. The wealth, an acqui- sition of his subordinates, gave rise to no little speculation as to where the aims and objects of the Knights would carry them. De Sillery, we are told, received a stipend of 4,000 livres as commander of the Fratres, and further, that he founded at the place called after his name a chapel, fort and convent, together with dwellings for the converted natives. Montmagny's eager- ness for personal aggrandizement was especially distasteful to the king, hence the recall of the governor, the discouragement of the Knights under the displeasure of the sovereign, and the de- cline of the Order as a settlement in Quebec. In 1784 James Thompson, overseer of the works in Quebec, found in the yard in the Chateau de St. Louis a stone in which was cut a gilt Maltese cross, with the date 1647. Conceiving it to be part of the original Chateau, he replaced it in the wall, where it is still. Surmises have been multifarious with regard to this stone, some writers being of the opinion that it was the foundation stone of the old castle. This theory is scouted by others, however, who think that the arms of France, rather than the Cross of Malta, would be chosen as the mark to distinguish the foundation stone. To support this idea the foundation stone in Champlain's house, which bore the royal arms, is cited, The date on the stone with the gilt cross, it is, moreover, argu- ed, is also evidence against the former theory, of the Chateau having been enlarged in 1636. It is admitted, however, that it bears the symbol of the Knights who once occupied the build- 18 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. ing, and that it was a part of it there is little doubt. Knox's reference to a " house " of the Knights Hospitallers is used as an argument that an actual Priory of the Order did not exist but their wealth and possessions, as well as their number during Montmagny's time, would indicate that there did exist a Priory, and an influential one at that. Mr. J, M. Le Moine says: — "I am in possession of a short note from the learned Abbe Bois, F. R. S. C, which corrobor- ates the position taken by the Levis antiquarian," from which I quote the following : " The Knights of St. John, of Jerusalem, established at Quebec, Bras- de-fer, Montmagny, Sillery, etc., had erected a bureau in the yard of Castle St. Louis; it had cost 40,000 livres (not pounds) of French money. The gable contained a large stone, set in the wall, on which was engrav- ed the arms of the Order. This stone having dropped to the ground when the edifice was destroyed by fire in July, 1759 (pending the siege), remained amongst the ruins until 1784, when the military force detailed to level the lot found it and placed it in the wall of the Chateau yard. The shield was carried to England, and after knocking about in the public stores, it was placed at . I have the whole of the particu- lars among my papers, but am too ill to look them up. (Signed) L. E. Bois." The Order of the Temple, which is admittedly distinct from the Order of Malta, was evidently in a state of vitality in Canada in the early part of the present century, for we have a tabulated list of the Preceptories that formed a Great Priory of Canada under what was apparently the Grand Preceptory or or Encampment of North America. An extract is given in another part of this work from a French Templar work, pub- lished in Paris, France, in 1813, now in the possession of the Deputy Grand Master, Dr. J. A. Henderson, Q.C., of Kings- ton, Ont. No trace, however, of a Priory under French iurisdiction can be found, so that the one referred to evidently existed on paper only. The result of careful reading seems to afford conviction that the organization of the Knights of Malta did exist in some form in Quebec in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, and there seems to be no reasonable doubt that their autho- rity was derived from a parent organization on the Continent of Europe. A persistent and continued search has failed to give any further than the meagre details furnished in connection with Canadian Knight Templarism in the old city of Quebec. Every known source of supply has been exhausted, and the archives of the Craft have been carefullv examined, so that FIRST JVARRANT FOR A TEMPLAR ENCAMPMENT. 19 any information concerning the dawn of Templarism might be brought to light. Knight Templarism comes to the fore again in Quebec on 28th July, 1855, when, hy a warrant from the Grand Conclave of England, under the recommendation of the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada, the Encampment of William de la More, the Martyr, was constituted, under the Eminent Frater T. D Harington. At a later date this Encampment is reported as having made no returns, and the Provincial Grand Chancellor requested instructions as to action in the case. In 1871 Col. Moore, as Provincial Grand Commander, in his annual address, stated that the warrant of William de la More was in the hands of the Deputy Grand Commander Frater Harington, and as the seat of the Canadian Government was removed, and all the members of the Preceptory were civil servants, he had de- cided not to leave the warrant in Quebec, but to transfer it to Ottawa. CHAPTER IV. Temflary in the Province op Nova Scotia — An Encampment in 1782. The Order under the Chapter General op Scotland — Provincial Conclave op Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. HE Province of Nova Scotia has perhaps the earliest record of a regular constituted Templar Encamp- ment. The first records, so far as known of the Templar degrees in that Province, are dated Sep- tember 20th, 1782, thirteen years prior to the earliest records known on this continent, which are those of St. Andrew's R. A. Chapter, Boston, Mass. Frater Stephen R. Sircom, of Halifax, and an esteemed member of the Nova Scotia Preceptory, has kindly furnished the writer with copies of the ancient records of that and subsequent meet- ings down to 1784, when they appear to have lapsed. The following are the extracts : Halifax, 20th September, 1782. " At a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons held under Warrant No. 211 on the Ancient Grand Registry of England at the ' Golden Ball.' "Present : — "The Rt. Worshipful Br. Kibkham, H.P. ; R. W. Br. John Woodin, 1st K. ; E. W. Br. Ephm. Whiston, 2nd K. ; K. W. Br. John Cody, S. ; B. W. Br. John Willis. " Applications having been made by Brothers John George Pyke, John Clark, and Joseph Peters, Past Masters of Regular Lodges of Free and Accepted Ancient York Masons, for further Light and Knowledge in the secret and hidden Mysteries of Free Masonry : and they on strict trial and due examination being found worthy, were by us installed and Insti- tuted into the Sublime Secrets of Royal Arch Masonry. After which " An Assembly or Encampment of Sir Knight Templars being formed, the said Brothers J. G. Pyke, John Clark, and Joseph Peters, were Insti- tuted and Dubbed Knights of the Most Noble and Right Worshipful Order of Sir Knight Templars. " And the Lodge was closed in Peace and Harmony." There are similar records of ten other meetings, in each case held "under the Sanction of Warrant No. 211," the R. A. Chapter degrees being conferred on^applicants, " Past Masters AN ENCAMPMENT IN 1782. 21 of Regular Lodges," and the recipients being "dubbed Knights" in the " Assembly or Encampment " which was opened sub- sequently on the same evening. On the 9th Oct., 1782, it is recorded that " Bros. Joseph Osborne, Timothy W. Hierlihy and John Hardy," were so elevated. On the 12th Nov. following, " Bros. Jonathan Snelling and Daniel Wood " received the degrees of Knighthood, and on the 18th of the next month " Bros. Col. S. Hierlihy and John O'Brien " were similarly honored. On this occasion the officers were ' ' elected to serve for the ensuing year, viz. : The Bight W. Bro. Pvke, H. P., T. C. Genl. ; the Right W. Bro. Cody, 1st K. and 1st G. W." ; the Right W. Bro. Whiston, 2nd K. and 2nd G. W., etc." " The installation of Officers (for want of time) was deferred to a future opportunity." The next meeting was on the 12th March, 1783, when the officers chosen in the previous December were installed, and " Bros. Phelon and Kelley were raised to the dignity of Templars. A Chapter and Encampment "on Emergency" was called for a week later, and met " at the Golden Ball " on the 20th March. Here, it is stated, .that "Dues paid for 12th March and 2nd Wednesday in June, amounting to £3.10, of which £3 was given into the hands of Bro. O'Brien to pay Lawlor & Wyer, and the remaining 10s. into the hands of Bro. Kirkham, the Treasurer." The assessment plan was not unknown to our old-time brethren, for it is recorded that at this meeting it was " Resolved that all back accounts be made out and given to Bro. Peters ; which are to be inspected by the said Bro. Peters, Bro. Snelling and Bro. Wood, who are appointed a Com- mittee for that purpose, and to make a dividend of the sum to be paid by each Brother, which shall be refunded as soon as the box can afford it." The next meeting was on the 11th June, when, we are told, that " an application from Bro. Wm. Kennedy, of the Union (Lodge), was balloted for and rejected." It is also stated that on this occasion " a motion was made for a Procession of Royal Arch and Knight Templars on St. John's Day, which was unanimously rejected for good and sufficient reasons. " It was likewise " Resolved that all Brother Sir Knight Templars distinguish themselves on St. John's Day next, by a piece of Black Ribband round the left arm, and that Bro. R. H. Pyke provide the Ribband for that purpose on the morning of that day." Three months later, viz., on the 10th September, 1783, the Chapter and Encampment convened again, eight members being present, each of whom paid in 5s. as dues. Bro. Cody asked for an Emergency meeting in order that a complaint preferred by him against Bro. Phelon be heard, which was granted, and on the 17th Sept., the same brethren met to con- sider Bro. Cody's charge of "great abuse" and Bro. Phelon's defence. " The two Brothers were desired to withdraw. The Lodge and En- campment then took the case between them into their most serious con- sideration, and considering every circumstance between them in the most favourable light which it was possible to do, declared it as their opinion that both the said Brothers Cody and Phelon (altho' the case was aomewhat intricate,) had been greatly to blame, and thereupon ordered that the said Brothers should this night make up the differences between, by tak- ing each other by the hand as Brothers and pay the expense of the meet- ing. And the said Brothers Cody and Phelon being called in, and having the sense of thelBody declared to them, did acquiesce therein, and gave 22 KNIGHTS TJEMALABS. assurance to each other as well as to the Body, that they would have no more remembrance of this difference, and henceforth live as brethren." The two last recorded meetings, viz., that of 10th December, 1783, and 9th March, 1784, do not appear to have had any Templar business to transact. The above, together with " a bill of items," furnished the same Encampment in the year 1 782, and found by Bro. W. F. Bunting, of St. John, N. B., while making an examination of old documents in Grand Secretary's office in Halifax in 1886, are the only records of this early Encampment which was at- tached to St. John's Lodge No. 211, chartered June 30th, 1780, and now No. 2 on the Nova Scotia register. Although in no way bearing upon our history, the following extract from a letter written by H.R.H. Prince Edward while stationed with his command in Quebec, addressed to Thomas Dunckerley, Esq., Grand Master of the Knight Templars, of which Order H.ft H. was Grand Patron, and reproduced from an old London magazine, will possess perhaps some interest for the reader : " Quebec, November 23, 1793. " Dear Sir, — Accept our thanks for your communication of the proceed- " ings of the Grand Chapter * * * I shall think myself particularly " fortunate when circumstances will permit my meeting the Knights in " Grand Chapter in London ; of this I request you will assure them the " first time that you assemble. * * * " Your most devoted and obedient servant, " EDWARD, " Thomas Dunckerley, Esq., " Colonel of the Royal Fusiliers. " Hampton Court Palace." That an Encampment of Templars under the Chapter General of Scot- land did exist at a very early period is proved by the fact that " Nova Scotia " Preceptory No. 58, E. R., whose warrant from the Convent Gen- eral of England is dated 11th October, 1858, was formed by " members of St. John's Encampment, Reg. Scotland. Halifax, N. S., 1840-1850." The Fratres given as charter members are : — Alexander Keith, March 1841. Fred Traunwiesser, Feb 1850 James Foreman, " 1841. John M. Taylor, March 1841 Henry C. D. Twining, March 1841. William Johns, Dec. 1840 John D. Nash, April 1850. Robert D. Clarke, Jan. 1841 John Richardson, April 1843. George Anderson, March 1841. Rev. J. T. Twining, D. D. March 1841. In consequence of the political changes and reorganization of the British Provinces of North America into the Dominion of Canada, the Supreme Grand Master of the Grand Conclave in England and Wales changed the Provincial Conclave in Canada into that of a Grand Priory of the Dominion, and the title of Provincial Grand Commander into PROVINCIAL CONCLAVE. 23 Grand Prior, by patent dated lat May, 1868, with authority over the whole Dominion, reserving that.of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as a separate Provincial Conclave. This Preceptory and the Union de Molay at St. John, N. B., formed the Provincial Conclave of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and both worked under its authority till the year 1870, when they came under the jurisdiction of the Grand Priory of Canada. The Hon. Alexander Keith, of Halifax, held a warrant from the Grand Conclave of England as Pro- vincial Grand Commander for Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and dur- ing his lifetime it was not considered advisable to merge those Provinces into that of Great Priory. The death, in 1873, of that distinguished Frater at last removed the difficulty, and Col. Moore, the Great Prior, wrote to England claiming those territories. The Council of the Great Priory of England at once decided that from the date of Provincial Prior Keith's death, the territory over which he presided came under the juris- diction, and should be amalgamated with the Great Priory of Canada. A meeting of the Provincial Grand Conclave was summoned to take place at Halifax on the 30th June, 1873, to discuss and take action on the proposed severance with England and affiliation with the Great Priory of Canada. A proposal to form a Great Priory for the Dominion was also debated, and agreed to. The Preceptories at Halifax and S f . John were duly represented. The Preceptory of Union de Molay held a special meeting at St. John to consider the question, and cordially approved of the establishment of such » Great Priory, and resolved to ratify and con- firm whatever might be done to the end in view by the Provincial Grand Conclave of Novia Scotia and New Brunswick. Similar action was taken at the meeting of the Provincial Grand Conclave, and both of the Mari- time Province Preceptories on the English registry were added to the roll of Can >da. In August, 1873, a Grand Conclave for the formation of a Grand Priory for the Dominion was called to meet at Kingston, Ont., and all the Pre- cptories in the Dominion were notified and requested to send delegates. No action was, however, taken till 1876-77, at the annual assembly at Montreal, when the National Great Priory was formnd by consent of the Supreme authorities in England. On 1st December. 1885. a warrant was granted Fratres L. B. Archibald, T. Cooke, and others, then members of the Nova Scotia Preceptory, Halifax, by the Great Priory of Canada, to " Malta " Preceptory, Truro, Nova Scotia, thus making two Preceptories in that Province under the allegiance to the Great Priory. CHAPTER V. Templart in the Province of New Brunswick— An Encampmf.nt in 1840 undkr Scottish Authority — Rival Organizations and a Territorial Difficulty— Action of the Great Priory of Canada. HE nest date in the progress of Knights Tcmplar- ism in the eastern provinces is 1840, when "Hibernian Encampment, No. 318 of Knights Templars," was constituted on the 5th of April, 1840*, at St. Andrew's, Charlotte County, New Brunswick, being the first body of Knights Templars organized in that Province. The warrant was granted by the " Supreme Grand Encampment of Ireland, Knights Templars and Knights of Malta," to the following petitioners :— Fratres James Kyle, John McCoubry, John Commac, James Tufts, James Clark, James Brown, Alexander Cochran, John Kerr, James McFarlane, and William Gray. The regular assemblies were held on the second Monday in March, June, September, and December. The Encampment held its last meeting and went out of existence in May of i860, when its Lodge, Chapter and Encampment warrants were returned to Ireland. Its records are scant, and but little can be gathered of its operations, in consequence of the death and dispersion of nearly all its members. In 1888, out of all the officers of this Encampment, Frater A. W. Smith, of St. Andrew's, N.B., was the only one alive. Knight Templarism in New Brunswick was for many years in a comparatively dormant condition, when a few of the adherents of the Order, who held fealty to the Grand Priory and Chapter General of Scotland, bethought themselves of the formation of an Encampment aciing under the authority of that body, and accordingly an application was made in consti- tuted form early in 1855, for a dispensation to organize, the outcome being the " Encampment of Saint John Knights Templars and Knights of Malta, No. 48," on the roll of the Grand Priory of Scotland. The first meeting of this body was held at the city of St. John on the 15th day of May, 185G, under the authority of a AN ENCAMPMENT UNDER SCOTTISH AUTHORITY. 25 dispensation from the Grand Priory and Chapter General of Scotland, dated at Edinburgh, April 22nd, 1856. It continued to work under this dispensation up to February 11th, 1857, when it was constituted under a regular warrant in the Masonic Hall, St. John, its officers installed, and the full machinery of the Encampment set in working order. Its numerical and financial condition has steadily increased, until now it has on its roll nearly two hundred members, and possesses ample funds for any ordinary emergency. By the calamitous fire in St. John of June 20th, 1877, it lost the warrant, seals, jewels, clothing, banners, and all other paraphernalia, likewise the entire contents of the armory, con- sisting of the regalia and equipments of the members. All the property of the Encampment was destroyed, except the records. "The value of St. John Encampment's loss was $2,300, that of Union de Molay was $2,000."— Stewart's " Story of the Great Fire in St. John, N.B." The Encampment of Saint John has always been, and is now, one of the most prosperous, efficiently equipped, and spirited Templar bodies in the Dominion of Canada. The spirit of emulation seemed to imbue Templars in other parts of New Brunswick, for in 1872 another application was made for a dispensation for a warrant from Scotland. This time the petitioners hailed from St. Stephen, Charlotte County, New Brunswick, and all of them were members of St. John Encampment, from which they practically swarmed. This organization is known as " The Priory of the Temple " in St. Stephen, Charlotte County, New Brunswick. As before stated it was formed out of the membership of the Encamp- ment of Saint John, and is located at St. Stephen, Char- lotte County, New Brunswick. This warrant, dated at Edinburgh, April 9th, 1872, was granted by the " Chapter General of the Religious and Mili- tary Order of the Temple and Hospital in Scotland," under the signatures of John White Melville, of Bennochy, and Strath- kinnes, Grand Master, and Wm. H. Jlamsay, Grand Registrar, to Fratres David Brown, Prior ; Wm. Vaughan, Sub-Prior ; David Main, Mareschal ; Benj. M. Flint, Hospitaller ; John H. Rose, Chancellor ; John V. Ellis, Treasurer ; Wm. Waterbury, Secretary ; Geo. F. Keans, Chaplain ; John Cleland, Bauce- ant; and Arthur W. Hutchinson, Bearer of the Vexillum Belli. The regular assemblies are appointed for the second Monday in each month, and the degrees or orders authorized to be con- ferred are, firstly, " to instal Knights Templars, and create Es- 26 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. quires of the Order, and to confer the degrees of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or Knights of Malta, with the pre- ceding step of the Mediterranean Pass, or Knight of St. Paul ; " secondly, " Knight of the Red Cross of Constantine ; " and thirdly, " of the Priestly Order of the Temple." In 1867 the Provincial Grand Commander for the Province ot Canada received a petition from some members of the " Scottish " Encampment at St. John, New Brunswick, to establish another Encampment there under the Grand Con- clave of England and Wales. The petitioners in St. John had, it is said, previously applied to Provincial Grand Commander Keith for a dispensation for their new Preceptory, but the Provincial Grand Commander of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, by some misconception as to his authority over the latter province, declined to issue a warrant for an Encampment then applied for by members of the existing Scottish body in St. John. Then the petitioners applied to the Provincial Grand Prior of Canada, and by his au- thority a warrant dated 1st May, 1869, was issued, constituting the Union de Molay Preceptory, 104 E.R., to meet at St. John. The following Fratres were the petitioners : — Christopher Bea- sant, of the All Soul's Encampment ; Robt. Marshall, Thomas A. D. Forster, James Domville, David S. Stewart, W. J. Logan, Wm. W. Elmslie, Christian A. Robertson, Thos. A. Teters, Jno. Frost, John B. Hammond, Robert W. Cruikshank, George H. Whiting, Aaron Armstrong, and George Wilson, of St. John's Encampment on the Register of the Chapter General of Scot- land. The warrant of Union de Molay is dated 1st May, 1869, but the Encampment was under a dispensation from the 2nd of October, 1868. It appears that Colonel Moore, as Grand Prior of Canada, issued the provisional warrant or dispensation for the Encampment to work under the Pro- vincial Grand Conclave, which had its authority from the Grand Conclave of England. This act was deemed an infringe- ment of territorial jurisdiction by the members of the Templar body in St. John, who owed fealty to their own Preceptory, which was governed by the Chapter-General of Scotland. The Provincial Grand Commander, Hon. Alex. Keith, called the at- tention of the English authorities to this infringement, and asked the intervention of the Grand Master of England and Wales in the matter. The Grand Chancellor of England pointed out to the Grand Prior of Canada that the jurisdiction of Provincial Grand Commander Keith extended over Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward ACTION OF THE GRAND PRIORY OF CANADA. 27 Island. The result was that in December of 1868 the Grand Master of England declined to confirm the warrant granted by the Grand Prior of Canada to Union de Molay, and thus sus- pended the Encampment pending enquiry. In January of 1869 E. C. Hon. Robert Marshall, in a communication to the Grand Vice-Chancellor, T. B. Harris, at Hamilton, positively denied that any communication whatever had been held with Provincial Grand Commander Keith, until after the dispen- sation had been granted by the Grand Prior of Canada. On the suggestion of the Grand Prior of Canada a communication was sent to Provincial Grand Commander Keith, placing the Encampment under his immediate control and direction, and he replied in a most cordial and frank manner, and wished Union de Molay Encampment every prosperity. The controversy ter- minated by the Grand Conclave of England asserting her claim to New Brunswick, and directing the Grand Commander of Nova Scotia to issue a new warrant to the Union de Molay, and on the Chapter General of Scotland no longer insisting on a claim to New Brunswick, her Encampment there (the St. John) was allowed to continue under the Chapter General of Scotland. This warrant was confirmed by a warrant from the Grand Conclave of England. Subsequently Union de Molay came in under the banner of the Grand Priory of Canada. The Preceptory meets on the first Thursday of every month, and Frater Robert Marshall was appointed the first Jimi- nent Commander, and Fratres Forster and Domville, Captains commanding columns of said Encampment, " until another Eminent Commander shall be regularly elected and in- stalled in ancient form and invested with the dignities and powers of office." The warrant is signed by J. W. Huyshe, D. G. M., and P. Macph. Colquhoun, Grand Chancellor of England. The Union de Molay Preceptory has a large list of Fratres, embracing many citizens in leading positions. The only two organizations of Knights Templars, within New Brunswick, not in fealty to Canada, aire the Preceptories at St. John and at St. Stephen. In 1883 the Great Prior of Canada had considerable correspondence regarding the St. John En- campment and the Priory at St. Stephen, which held warrants under the Chapter General of Scotland. The tenor of this correspondence was to invite the Scottish bodies to join the roll of the Great Priory of Canada. Up to the year 1884 every effort was made to induce a withdrawal of the Preceptories at St. John and St. Stephen from the Chapter General of Scotland. At the Annual Assembly of the Great Priory at Toronto in 28 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 1884, the attention of the Fratres was directed to the effect that an American Encampment, St. Omer, of Massachusetts, con- templated a visit to St. John, N. B., and the Grand Council of Great Priory hearing this, expressed a hope that the American Fratres would not lend themselves to any movement that would tend to disturb the harmony and cordial friendship, which had so long existed between the General Grand Encampment of the United States and the Great Priory of Canada. Direct appli- cation was made by the Grand Chancellor of Canada, to General Roome, the Acting Grand Master of the United States to withhold permission to St. Omer Commandery to visit Cana- dian territory ; but he did not see his way clear to interfere in connection with the dispute of Canada with the Chapter General of Scotland. Accordingly, no action was taken by the United States Templar authorities, and the St. Omer Comman- dery did visit the Scottish Preceptories in New Brunswick, and were thus guilty of an act that at the time and since was very much criticised. Resolutions were passed by the Great Priory of Canada, asking the General' Grand Encampment of the United States to issue circulars to the Fratres within their juris- diction, setting forth the fact that the " Sovereign Great Priory of Canada " now enjoyed absolute jm-isdiction over the Tem- plars of the Dominion, and the Knights Templars of the United States were requested to take such measures as would promote the interests of its sister authority on this continent. The Grand Chancellor of the Great Priory was also directed to issue warrants to either or both the Encampments of Knights Templars, working in New Brunswick under the Chapter Gen- eral of Scotland, and should this offer not be accepted, and the warrants surrendered within six months, an edict should be issued declaring non-intercourse with all Templar bodies in Canada holding any warrant from any authority but the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada. Replies not having been received from the Scottish Encampments at St. John and St, Stephen, these bodies were declared irregular and clandestine, and an edict of non-intercourse was issued, and all Templar bodies in the world were duly notified. After this date matters remained in abeyance, until the year 1888, when the Great Priory of Canada desiring to have a better feeling existing between the Knights Templars in New Brunswick, on the register of the Chapter General of Scotland, and those of its own obedience withdrew the edict of non-intercourse. We have to a certain extent anticipated Templar history in other parts of Canada by alluding to the Templar bodies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and have only done so that AOTION OF THE GRAND PRIORY OF CANADA. 29 the work may be concurrent with the progress of the Order in other parts of the Dominion, and that the history of the Order of the Temple in each province may be kept distinct in its early days. CHAPTER VI. The Knights Templars op Western Canada in 1800, 1823, 1824 — Old Warrants at Kingston — Interesting Beminiscences of Early Templars — Fac-Simile op a Venerable and Honoree Document. V HE MSS. of Dr. Scadding have furnished us some slight threads with which we may .weave a brief history of the doings of the Knights Templars of nearly a century ago, when they made the city of Kingston, Canada, their home and habitation. The records are as usual incomplete, minute books seem to have disappeared with the four winds, and what was left, fire destroyed about thirty years ago. The war- rant constituting the first Encampment is unique in style. No elaborate parchment roll, nor gilded writing in varied colours, authorized the valiant few who believed in the well-known sign of victory. Plain foolscap paper, with writing that bore evidence that the schoolmaster was on a vacation, served all necessary purposes. No seal with the ribbon of the Order graced the document ; indeed, had it not been that the trend of the writer's mind was on something Masonic, this valued addition to Templar archives might yet be hidden in the rolls of MSS. The facsimile given, — for it is well worth reproduc- tion — tells its own story. Were the Fratres whose names are inscribed thereon able to revisit former scenes how they would pride themselves as being the pioneers of an Order that has, like a giant oak sturdy in strength, become implanted in a soil that gives nurture and life to Templarism, in Canada. This Kingston Encampment was attached to St. John's, 311, E. R, Craft warrant, now No. 3, C. R., at Kingston, for in the days of long ago, the Craft lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland, by an unknown power in them vested, issued warrants for the conferring of not only Craft and Capitular, but Templar degrees. This old Templar Encampment warrant for Canada, was dis- covered by the author, in the valuable collection of records and reminiscences of the early history of Canada, in the possession A Fac-Simile of the Knights Templars' Warrant issued at Kingston, in A.D. 1800. (fianA,ffert(L JLontoOxniohi ftrnMau 8CCD.0./30. -x.oW.CieA TV ■ n Royal and Exalted Religious and Military Order, H. R. ) D. M., Grand Elected Masonic Knights Templars, K.D. 0. S. K. , of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes, etc. , and undef sanction of Lodge No. 6, held in Kingston, in Upper Canada, etc. 32 KNIGUTS TEMl'LARS. We, in an Encampment of Knights Templars, have unanimously coun- selled and agreed to appoint our well-beloved Sir Knight, Companion Christopher Danby, as Captain- General ; and our well beloved Sir Knight, Companion Joseph Cheneque, First Captain, and our well- beloved Sir Knight, Companion Burk, Second Captain, etc., and in virtue of this warrant you are to hold Encampments and exalt Royal Arch Masons to the Degree of Knight Templar : Provided they be found worthy to go through the amazing tria's attending the same. Given under our hands and seal, this 31st of October, in the year of our Lord 1800. (Signed.) Frederick Hirschfeldt, Grand Master. John Darley, Generalissimo. Francis Wycott, Capt. General. William Mackay, First Captain. Thos. Sparham, Junior, Second Captain. John McGill, Recorder pro-tem. 2nd. A list of the members of the Encampment, dated 2nd November, • 1800. The following is a verbatim copy of the roll : — " In the name of the Undivided Trinity. " A list of tne Encampment held at Kingston every quarter of a year : Kingston, 2nd Nov'r, 1800. "Frederick Hirschfeldt, Master, Kingston. " John Darlev, Generalissimo, " " V. Guest, Capt. General, " ' ' William Mackay, lBt Capt., " " Thomas Sparham, 2nd Capt., " "Sir Thomas Richardson, Baycanty. " Sir James Beyman. Kingston. " *Sir John McGill, Queen's Rangers. " tSir Alexander Macnabb, Queen's Rangers. Had a regimental Lodge. " Sir Edward Gachan, Mariner, Kingston. " Sir John Size, Mariner. " Sir M. B. Hay, R.C. V., removed to Montreal, Oct'ber 31st, 1800. " Sir Joseph Seuegin, R.C.V., removed to Fort George, 30th Sept. " William Mackay, " Recorder General." Of the members two at least are well remembered names, those of John McGill and Alexander Macnabb. The Fratres belonged to the Queen's Rangers regiment. This regiment was known as the 1st American, or Queen's Rangers, and was commanded by Col. Sir John Greaves Simcoe. The regiment was sent from England in 1790. William Jarvis was a cornet in this regiment, and he was at the same time secretary and registrar of the records for the Province of Upper Canada. Queen's Rangers Lodge met first at Newark, now at Niagara, and in 1794 in York. In 1800 the regiment was disbanded and the warrant returned to England. John McGill after- *Adjntant Queen's Rangers, 1797, and Commissary of Stores, U. C. fEnsign Queen's Rangers, 1800. KNIGETS TEMPLARS OF WESTERN CANADA. 33 wards occupied very prominent and important positions in the Province ot Upper Canada, and his career is worth noting. In the Upper Canada Gazette or American Oracle of May 30, 1793, we have ten guineas reward offered for the recovery of a government grindstone. The advertisement reads as follows: — " Ten guineas reward is offered to any person that will make discovery and prosecute to conviction the thief or thieves that have stolen a grind- stone trom the King's Wharf at Navy Hall, between the 30th of April and the 6th instant. John MuGill, Com. x>i Stores, etc., for the Prov- ince of Upper Canada. Queenstown, 16th May, 1793." In 1801 we find Frater McGill among a list of those who subscribed to the opening up of Yonge street, " Hon. J. Mc- Gill, £16." In an old account of John Bennett, Government Printer, and dated 24th June, 1805, we find the account duly audited in council by Peter Russell, as Presiding Councillor and Examiner. (Signed) John McGill, Inspector Genl. P. P. Accts. A true copy. John McGill, Inspector Genl. P. P. Accts. As late as 1833 in Walton's City of Toronto directory, we find that in giving Lot street, afterwards called Queen street, the compiler says, referring to the fact that Queen street ended at Church: " Here this street is intercepted by the grounds of Capt. McGill, S. P. Jarvis and Hon. W. Allan." The Jarvis named was a descendant of the old Provincial Grand Master. The park lot where now stands the Metropolitan Church, Toronto, was originally the property of John McGill, and the cosy cottage that for nearly three-quarters of a century stood there, amid the tall forest trees, was built by him. The square was known as McGill Square, and the house was occupied for years by Mr. Jas. McCutcheon, a brother of the inheritor of the bulk of Mr. McGill's property, who in accordance with his uncle's will, and by authority of an Act of Parliament, assumed the name of McGill, and became subsequently well known throughout Canada as the Hon. Peter McGill. Another prominent name on the roll was that of Alexander Macnabb, an ensign in the Queen's Rangers, and his name appears as a patentee from the Crown in the early plans of the town of York. He had received promotion, and was Captain Macnabb. He afterwards joined an English regiment, and fought and fell at Waterloo, the only instance, as is supposed, of a Canadian, 34 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. who was also a Craftsman and a Templar, slain on that occa- sion. In 1868 his nephew, the Rev. Dr. Macnabb, of Bowman- ville, Ontario, was presented by the Duke of Cambridge in person with the Waterloo medal for the family of Captain Macnabb. It is worthy of remark that Captain Macnabb was the first patentee of the plot of ground on the S.E. corner of Bay and Wellington streets, whereon stood the house in which the Upper Canada Gazette was published at the time York was taken by the Americans. The house was afterwards occupied by Andrew Mercer, and as he had no legitimate heirs, it was escheated by the Crown, and the proceeds, over one hundred thousand dollars, were devoted to the erection of the Mercer Reformatoiy, Toronto. The 3rd and only remaining record of the Encampment of 1800 is the MS. of the following invocation used at the meet- ings : " A Prayer used at the making of Knights Templars. " Almighty God, who did'st send thy faithful soldier, St. John 6f Jerusalem, to prepare the way of our Blessed Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, Grant that we by his imitations may vanquish the enemies of Body and Sou), and be crowned with Eternal Glory. "Amen." "For by the Birth, Life, Death, and Resurrection of our Blessed Lord and Saviour, are we taught how to live and die as Christians. And it is my Province to close our Encampnjent by previously declaring that by His Gloiious Ascension He has gone before us to open the Doors of the Grand Celestial Conclave, for he hath said, ' In my Father's House there are many Mansions, but I go before you to prepare the way, to open the Gates of Paradise, that where I am my servants may be also.' " Amen." Dr. J. A. Henderson, Q. C, of Kingston, Deputy Grand Master of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada, has given me the perusal of a work issued in Paris, France, in 1817, entitled the " Manual Des Chevaliers, De L'Ordre du Temple, A Paris." " Chez les FF. J. B. Poulet et Ch. A. Poulet et Ch. A. Poulet, pere et fils, Grands Adeptes de l'Aigle noir de St. Jean, Imprimeurs de la Milice du. Temple, quai des Augustins, No 9." On page 190 of this French Templar work we find ample evidence that as early at least as ] 813, the Order of the Temple did exist in some form in Canada, under the Grand Preceptory of North America, a subordinate body thereto being the Grand Priory of Canada. On page 240 a list of the Canadian Pre- ceptories is given. The opening paragraph is the general head- ing on page 190 for all the Preceptories and Priories given in KNIGHTS TEMPLARS OF WESTERS CANADA. 35 the list and covering both hemispheres, while the list of those in North America is taken from page 214 of the same work : — Tableau Genebal Des Charges benefioiales de l'Orde du Temple, d'apres la.carte geo- graphique dressee en execution du Decret Magistral du II Tab. 695. 11 Mars, 1813. Grande Pbeceptorie de Nobd-Amebique. Gbande-Pbietjre du Canada. Malbaye. — Quebec, metr; Montreal, Lorete, Champlain, CHcoutime. Labrador. — Smith, Low, Duks, Timagaming, Nemisco, Mistasin. Christaux. — Savane, Namcousaki, Agapesque, Monsipi. Tracy. — Midupicoton, Abitibis, Temis, Caming, Nepiciri, Amicois. Huron. — Mapitoualin, Michillimakina, Outaouac, Sakis. Ontario. — Nisgara, Keute, Tegaro, Frontenac. Terre-Neuve(ile de). — Bona Vista Chouard, Ray, Plaisance. The following is the translation "of the French list and the location of each district. The writer has not been able to find modern equivalents for all the geographical names, as the spell- ing of the names in many cases is incorrect. For instance : Smith and Low are very indefinite. There is a Smith near Peterboro' and a Low in the neighbourhood of Ottawa; but these can hardly be the places meant. Mistassini is behind Quebec, almost due north, in about 52° N. In the extreme west no doubt an old Hudson Bay and Labrador map would contain the location of territory. Abitibi is the supposed east- ern boundary of Hudson Bay territory : — TRANSLATION : Malbaye. — Murray Bay, on the Lower St. Lawrence. Quebec. — metr., ie. metropole, capital. Montreal. — Montreal. Lorete. — Lorette, near Quebec. Champlain. — Champlain, near the Lake. Chicoutime. — Chicoutimi, head of the Saguenay. Labrador. — Labrador. Smith. Low. — There is a place called Low in the Ottawa District. Duke. — Probably Duquet fief. Timagaming. — Lake Temiscaming, Ottawa district. Nemisco. — Near Mistassini on Rupert River. Nemieo Lake (Hud- son's Bay). Mistasin. — Mistassini Lake, North-east of Quebec. Christaux. — Christinaux Territory and Lake, Hudson Bay Co., North Shore of Lake Superior and west as far as Red River. Savane. — Savanne. Namcousaki. I Rat Port District •.gapesque. Monsipi. 36 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Tracy. — Lake Superior. Midupicoton. — Miohipiooten, near Lake Superior. Abitibis. — Abitibi, Labrador. North of the head waters of the Ottawa in the James' Bay districts — not Labrdaor. Temis Caming. — Temiscamingue, on the Upper Ottawa. Nepiciri. — Nipissing, Lake. Amioois. Huron. — Huron Lake or Indians. Mapitoualin.' — Manitoulin, on Lake Huron. Michillimakina. — Mackinac, on Lake Huron. Outaouac. — Ottawa, or Ottawa Indians. Sakis. — Sakis, on Lake Huron (name of a tribe of Indians.) Ontario. — Ontario. Niagara. — Niagara. Kuente. — Bay of Quinte. Tegaro. Frontenac. — Kingston, Ontario. Terre-Neuve (ile de). — Newfoundland. Bona-Tista. — Bona- Vista, Newfoundland. Chouard. — Newfoundland. Kay. — Cape Bay, Newfoundland. Plaisance. — Placentia, Newfoundland. The organization above referred to is believed by many to be purely a Koman Catholic religious Order, and in no way connected with Masonic Templarism. A doubt existing, and the little being suggestive, it is given as interesting memoranda. The next Encampment of Templars appears to have been warranted at Kingston, on 10th day of March, 1823. In November of 1883, through the efforts of R. E. Frater, Dr. J. A. Henderson, Q.G., of Kingston, the Deputy Grand Master, a MS. of a warrant of dispensation granted by Ziba M. Phillips in March, A. D. 1823, was discovered in Kingston, and which for a long time was considered the warrant that succeeded that of the Encampment of 1800. The following is a copy of the dispensation of 1823, which preceded the warrant of 1824. " In the name of the Most Holy and Dndivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, etc., etc., etc. " To all to whom these presents shall come. Greeting. " Know ye, that I Ziba M. Phillips, General Grand Master of the Most Holy Order of Knights Templars and Knights of Malta of Upper Canada, do give and grant this my dispensation to my trusty and well- beloved brethren, Sirs John Butterworth, Thos. Ferguson, and William Chestnut, and a constitutional number of Sir Knights to open and hold a Grand Encampment of Knights Templars and Knights of Malta in the Town of Kingston, and therein to make Sir Knights according to the ancient custom and usage of the Craft in all nations and ages round the globe. " Given under my hand and seal at Kingston this 10th day of March 1823. " Ziba M. Phillips, • " G. G. M. K. T., K. M." OLD WARRANTS A T KINGSTON. 37 Then we have the by-laws and regulations for the govern- ment of No. 1, or as it was known, St. John's Encampment of Kingston. The discovery of the MS. warrant and by-laws sheds further light- on the proceedings of the early Canadian Templars' by-laws and regulations for the government of " No. 1, or St. John's Encampment and Council of Sir Knights Tem- plars and Knights of Malta assembled in the Town of King- ston in the Province of Upper Canada. " The MS. reads :— " A dispensation having been received by a certain number of Sir Knights Templars and Knights of Malta for the formation of a regular Encampment and Council in the Province of Upper Canada, when the Sir Knights were duly installed by Sir Hugh Boland, Grand Master of the Encampment, when it was " Resolved, that this Encampment and Council shall hereafter be known by the style and title of No. 1, or St. John's in the Town of Kingston. " We, the following Sir Knights, do severally bind ourselves to the following By-laws, by affixing our respective signatures to the same. " No. 1. We, the Sir Knights Templars and Knights of Malta, do agree to hold in the Town of Kingston^ a regular Encampment and Coun- cil at the house of Sir George Mill ward, known by the sign of the old King's Head, or such other place as the majority may think proper to appoint on the second Monday of the following months in each year, that is to say January, April, July and October, to meet each evening at seven o'clock in the months of April and July, and at six o'clock in October and January. " No. 2. That the first Encampment shall commence and be held on the second Monday in April, 1823. " No. 3. That the house of meeting shall be, as heretofore mentioned, when every member shall appear clean shaved, and in clean apparel, and duly sober. " No. 4. That every memher of this Encampment and Council shall pay on every regular night the sum of two shillings and six pence. " No. 5. That the sum of one shilling and six pence shall be expended in refreshment, and one shilling to the good of the box. " No. 6. Every member to have three days' notice previous to meeting. " Nos. 7 and 8. Every candidate shall produce a certificate from the Royal Arch Chapter, to which he formerly belonged, or to be well vouched for by some member of the Encampment. " No. 9. Every candidate applying for the order of the Knights Templars shall pay on receiving it the sum of £2 H. C'y for the good of the chest, and one shilling to the Tyler, and make up the deficiency of the, night, if any, after the members have paid their regular dues, but in case of any emergency, the expense of the refreshment to be borne for those who call for it, with the exception when called for by the Grand Master. " No. 10. Every Knight Templar joining the Encampment to pay on the night of joining the sum of ten shillings independent of the regular dues. " No. 11. All visitors to pav the sum of two shillings and six pence. " No. 12. Every Knight Templar receiving the order of Knight of Malta, if made in this Encampment, shall pay the sum of five shillings, and if made in another Encampment the sum of ten shillings. 38 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. " No. 13. The Tyler to be allowed for Tyling, delivering summonses, etc., for each and every night the sum of five shillings. " No. 14. The installation of officers to take place on the second Mon- day in April in each year. " No. 15. The appointment of officers to take place on the second Monday in January in each year, when a committee shall be appointed to settle the amounts previous to the installation of officers. " No. 16. Any officer not attending on regular night, or on being duly warned, shall be fined the sum of two shillings and six pence, unless pre- vented by sickness, or sending a proper excuse to f he Encampment. " No. 17. Members not attending one hour after the hour appointed for assembling, shall not be allowed to enter the Encampment for that night while engaged in their duty. «'10th March, 1823." The dispensation of March, 1823, was followed by the war- rant from the Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry, Companion Ziba M. Phillips, sanctioned by the Provincial Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Upper Canada. In this warrant he styles himself as " Grand Master of the Conclave of Knights Templars, Knights of Malta and of the Holy Order of the Priesthood, sanctioned by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Upper Canada." Prior to that period all degrees of a supposed Masonic origin appear to have been legalized when held under a Craft lodge or Royal Arch Chapter. The degrees of Knight Templar and Knight of Malta, being looked upon as a continuation of the Royal Arch, were more immediately under the control of that body. The warrant was dated 12th of February, 1824, and was issued for the purpose of establishing the first Encamp- ment of Knights Templars in Canada, named the " St. John of Jerusalem, and attached to the Craft lodge of St. John's " at Kingston. From portions of a minute book still in existence it seems the Encampment was organized by the Knights Templars resident in Kingston. The minutes which have been preserved extend only over a few years, but it was worked until AD. 1830, as Frater Boyden asserts, and the members evi- dently were not of very high literary attainments. The follow- ing is a copy of the original warrant of 1824 sent to the Grand Conclave of Knights Templars in England in 1854, and ex- changed for the Hugh de Payens warrant. The following is an exact copy of the original MS : — " In the name of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, etc., Ziba M. Phillips, G. 11. •' To all and every our Right worthy and loving Brethren, Sir Knights Templars and Knights of Malta : "I, Ziba M. Phillips, Esquire, Grand Mister for the Province of Upper Canada, etc., etc.: Send Greeting, — VENERABLE AND HONORED DOCUMENT. 39 " Know ye, that by virtue of the authority and confidence reposed in ine, as Grand Master of the Conclave of Knights Templars, Knights of Malta and of the Holy Order of the Priesthood, sanctioned by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Upper Canada, etc., etc. " In testimony of the great esteem and confidence reposed in our Right Trusty and Well-Beloved Brethren, Sirs John Butterworth, William Chestnut, Thomas Ferguson, Robert Johnstone, Thomas Smith, George Mill ward, Joseph Dalay, Benjamin Olcott, Robert Walker, William Don- aldson, James Meagher, Samuel Boyden, and George Oliver, of the Town of Kingston, I do form them, my said worthy and well-beloved brethren, Sir Knights, into a regular Grand Bnoampment, or Grand Conclave, therein, when duly congregated, to exalt worthy Royal Arch Masons to the Sublime and Most Holy Degrees of Knights Templar, of Malta, and the Red Cross, according to the customs and usages of Knights of those Degrees in all ages and nations round the globe. And I do hereby give to the above named Brethren Sir Knights full power and authority to nominate their successors, and invest them with their badges and em- power them with their privileges whenever they shall think proper, according to the ancient custom, they the said Knights and their success- ors paying due respect to the Supreme and General Grand Conclave at Malta, and to us, by whom these presents are granted. " In testimony whereof I herewith set my hand and affix the Seals of the Cross, at Kingston, this twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1824, and of Light 5824. " (Signed) "ZtBA M. PHILLIPS, G. M. *' Signed in presence of Philip F.Hall, K.T..K.M., Grand Recorder P.T." All the petitioners resided in Kingston and were British subjects. Of the Encampment of 1824 a few papers have been preserved. The following is the report of a committee ap- pointed to examine into the financial affairs of the Fratres : — " Kingston, 17th April, 1824. " The Committee appointed by the Encampment of Sir Kni»hts Templars on the 12th instant, assembled at the house of Sir George Mill- ward, according to that appointment, and proceeded to investigate and arrange the accounts of the Encampment. " Present, — " Sir George Oliver, Chairman. " Robt. Johnston, Sir Jos. Dalay, " Wm. Donaldson, " R. Walker, " P. F. Hall, (members.) " George Mill ward, Recorder. " The Committee upon due examination of the Treasurer's accounts, vouchers and receipts, as also the bills due by the Encampment, find that there are outstanding debts due by the Encampment amounting to seven pounds, four shillings and eleven pence, and that the Treasurer bad in his hands six pounds, one shilling and one penny half-penny, which was paid over to Sir George Millward towards the liquidation of the same, leaving the balance against the Encampment of one pound, three shillings, and nine pence half-penny, for which the committee give their bond to Sir George Millward. 40 KNIQHTS TEMPLARS. " The Committee beg to lay before the Sir Knights Templars in En- campment assembled a statement of the accounts now open and unliqui- dated, both Debtor and Creditor, to this date, that is to say : " Dr. Encampment No. 1, Sir Knights Templars. LSD April 17th, 1824 To bond to Sir Geo. Millward .... 1 3 9£ Sir Jas. Meagher 10 To amount of subscriptions advertised 10 10 £12 10 9£ CONTRA CR. LSD July 14th, 1823. By Sir T. Sparham's dues not paid 3 9 October 13th, by H. M. Gough, Cottier 7 6 January 12th, 1824, by T. Smith, Cottier, 2s 6d e. w 5 By balance due from Sir William Fraser 10 By amount due to balance for refreshment from W. Evans, W. Fraser and E. Barney, lis 8d 1 15 April 12th, by dues. Chestnut, Johnson, Smith, 01- cott, Millward, Cottier, Sparham, Evans, Barney 12 6 By balance due from J. Moore 15 6 ' ' amount due to balance for refreshment," J. Moore and P. Nolan, 13s, ew 1 6 By amount of J . Meagher's subscription not paid .... 15 £7 3 Balance Dr 5 10 6£ £12 10 9 £ " Unanimously confirmed, 12th July, 1824. " P. F. Hall, Recorder, P. T." " The Committee having thus brought the accounts of the Encamp- ment to a close, beg to suggest to the Grand Master and Sir Knights present the necessity of impressing upon the minds of those in default in their payments of fees or dues to the Encampment, to make early arrangement towards the discharge of the same. " Geo. Oliver, Chairmen. " Robt. Johnston. " Joseph Dalay. " Wji. Donaldson. " Robert Walker. " P. F. Hall." In a warrant of dispensation issued by Simon McGillivray, Provincial Grand Master for Upper Canada, the names of Robert Johnston, Philip Ferguson Hall and also William Chestnut appear aloDg with James Robinson Wright, James Hassey, James Cunningham, Chester Hatch, John Maguire, who were members of Leinster Lodge No. 283, on the roll of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. These brethren in 1825 applied to Bro. McGillivray to exchange their Irish warrant for one under the United Grand Lodge of England, and pending the arrival of the new warrant, Bro. McGillivray granted a dis OLD MINUTES AND OTHER BEOOBDS. 41 pensation on 31sfc Jan., 1826, to Leinster Lodge to meet at Kingston. The brethren retained their name although their warrant was exchanged. The next document is a letter from P. F. Hall, the recorder pro tern., who writes to the Grand Encampment at Montreal, evidently in search of information. There is no authentic information about this organization, except the MSS. in the writer's possession. Frater Hall is evidently desirous of knowing whether a man can receive the degree of Knight Templar without having received those of the Craft and Royal Arch. The Past Grand Master of the Knights Tem- plars, George Owen Radford, answers the letter in the absence of the Grand Recorder. He reminds Frater Hall that his let- ter was not official, and should have had the seal of the Encampment attached. The following is a copy of hip letter : " Montreal, the 24th of January, 1827. " Sir. — Your letter, dated at Kingston in Upper Canada the 17th in- stant, was delivered to me yesterday morning, which I laid before the Most Eminent Master of the Grand Assembly of Sir Knights Templars and Knights of Malta, in the City of Montreal, in His Majesty's Province of Lower Canada, who was pleased to observe that special communications of the description of your letter are invariably formed and concluded in an Encampment, and under the seal of it, accompanied by a list of the Sir Knights together with an account of the Lodges or the Grand Lodge of which they axe contributing members. " We presume, and take it for granted, that you know that no Mason can become a lawful Knight Templar without having served faithfully in all the previous degrees, both in the Craft and in Royal Arch Masonry. No man can lawfully be admitted a Templar below the sublime degree of a Royal Arch' Mason. " We cannot see that the doubts of a Blue Mason can weigh a feather respecting the concerns of Knights Templars and Knights of Malta, of which they cannot, or they ought not, to know anything. " We feel pleased to read in your letter that your sole wish is to con- form to the ancient and honourable laws of the Magnanimous Order, and impressed with that feeling (and supposing we are writing to Knights Templars and Knights of Malta,) we most sincerely wish you health, wealth and prosperity in all your lawful pursuits, more particular in those respecting the Magnanimous Order. " I request permission, sir, to subscribe myself, in the absence of the Recorder, your very humble obedient servant, " Gwyn Owen Radford, "P. G. M. K. T. & K. M. " Addressed to Mr. P. F. Hall, Kingston, Upper Canada." Another document in the MSS. is a record of the minutes of a meeting of the Encampment, held in Kingston on 29th May, 1827. The minutes are not prefaced with any introductory writing, as is usual in the proceedings of Preceptories of to- day. It will be observed that the assembly was called an En- 42 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. campment and the presiding officer Grand Commander. In Canada, in later years, the word " Preceptory " is used, and the presiding officer, " Eminent Preceptor." The Encampments of l&OOand of 1823 wereformed wholly by Canadians —Americans were often visitors. The working may have been taken from the United States as it was easier of access than the old country. The minutes are given as in the MSS.: — " Kingston, May 29th, A.M., 5827. " Sir Wm. Chestnut, G.C. " Sir Thos. Smith, Generalissimo. " Sir Thos. Ferguson, Captain General. " Sir Samuel Boyden, Grand Sword Bearer. " Sir Joseph Dalay, Grand Standard Bearer. " Sir Wm. Fraser, Grand Marshal. " Sir James Meagher, Sen. Warden. " Sir Eliakim Barney, J. W. "Sir John Weller, Jr., Secretary, pro Urn. " Sir Robert Walker, Treasurer. " Sir Wm. Donaldson. " Visiting Sir Knight, Sir John Edgar. " Sir Henry Bolte, Sentinel. "The Encampment assembled for despatch of business, agreeable to special summonses, by order of the Grand Commander, when- the above Sir Knights were present, and appointed as there stated ; also the follow- ing :— " Ordered unanimously that this Encampment do stand firm. The pe- tition of James McDermot was read and balloted for accordingly, and was received unanimously. The petition of Capt. Polly was read, and re- ceived a clear ballot. The petition of J. R. Wright was read, and he was rejected. " Sir Wm Polly has been knighted and dubbed, for which he returned thanks. L S D Ferguson, 2 6 Sir Wm. Chestnut, 2 6 Samuel Borden, 2 e Joseph Balay, 2 6 Wm. Fraser, Jas. Magher, 2 6 Reduce 5 Eliakim Barney, 2 6 John Weller, Jr., 2 6 Robt. Walker, 2 6 Wm. Donaldson, 2 4 Sir Wm. Edgar, 1 2 4 For reduction, 5d 5 1 1 11 OLD MINUTES AND OTHER RECORDS. 43 The MS. states that it was " ordered unanimously that this encampment stand firm." What is meant by an Encampment standing" firm " is a mystery to the Templars of to-day. In the " dues " list " Samuel Borden " is certainly " Samuel Boy- den," " Magher " is " Meagher." The next document amongst those preserved is the record of a meeting held to investigate the charges made against certain Fratres or '! Knights " who were at Watertown, N.Y., on St. John's Day, but who were evidently excluded from meeting in Encampment with the American Knights. The MS. thus gives the proceedings : — " Kingston, 3rd July, 1827. " A meeting of the Sir Knights Templars in the Town of Kingston, be- ing called together for the purpose of taking into consideration what Bteps shall be taken in consequence of a letter having been sent by A. J. Ferns, directed to H. Steel, Esq., the M.E.H.P. of Sackett's Harbor Chapter, or to the W.M. of the lodge, when Sir Thos. Smith was called to the chair, Sir George Millward, Secretary. "The chairman having explained the purport of the meeting to the Sir Knights present, the following resolutions were agreed upon : — "Resolution 1st. That the Sir Knights who are mentioned in the said letter, sent to H. Steel, Esq., M.E.H.P., etc., as excluded and lying under censure of the Grand Lodge, send in a petition to No. 5, praying for an explanation of the letter, and why they are excluded and under censure, and all those who are members of No. 5, and Knights Templars, and were at Watertown on St. John's Day to support them as far as re- gards the letter to the uttermost in their power as Knights Templars. ' " Resolution 2nd. That Sir Robert Walker petition the High Priest of. the Frontenac Chapter to call an emergency of the said Chapter to in- vestigate into the character of the said Robert Walker, and likewise to know what he is under charge of the said Chapter for, as stated in the said let- ter sent to H. Steel, Esq., M.E.H.P., of Sackett's Harbor Chapter, etc. " The above regulations have been read and unanimously agreed to. " We, the subscribers of the same, do agree to come forward to vindi- cate the character of the Knights Templars, as far as regards the letter sent by the said A. J. Ferns to H. Steel, Esq., of Sackett's Harbor. Chairman, » Thos. Smith, Joseph Dalay, Samuel Bjyden, Thos. Ferguson, John Willis, Jr., Henry BjJte, Wm. Chestnut, Wm. Donaldson, George Millward, Robert Walker, James Meagher. "The chairman then warned the members present to attend on Satur- day evening next, at 8 o'clock, for the purpose of taking other matters into consideration. The recprd of 29th August, 1827, is uninteresting, but is given. It reads: — 44 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. "29th August , 1827 L S D . 2 6 . - 2 6 . 2 6 . - 2 6 . 2 6 . 2 6 - 2 6 . - 2 6 - - 2 6 M.G.C., George Mill ward, G.G., Thos. Ferguson, Gen'mo, Thos. Smith, Senior W., S. Boyden, P.T., - Junior W., Thos. Sparham, Standard Bearer, J. Dalay, Grand Sword Hearer, W. Polly, G. Secretary, J. Weller, G. Treasurer, B. Walker, £1 2 9 G. S. Ely, Visiting Knight. " This Encampment for despatch of business,, being regular communi- cation, agreeable to the orders and regulations of the last communication. Moved by Sir J. Dalay, seconded by the G. Secretary, that Bro. J. R. is proposed, passed, and unanimously elected. . "Moved and seconded by T. Ferguson and by J. Dalay, that there be a. standing committee appointed. Thos. Smith, S. Boyden, J. Willis be a standing committee for one year. " Dues collected. Encampment closed. John Weller, Secretary. " Received from the hands of the secretary of the Encampment the sum of £1 2s 9d. "Robt. Walker, Treasurer. " 5s less — unpaid, ] 7s 9d. The books of the Encampment were kept in a condensed form. The following MS. will explain : — " List of members owing dues, &c, to St. John's Encampment, No. 1, Kingston, U.O., 11th December, 1827 :— NAMES. 1825. Sept. 29th Sirs John Butterworth. Wm. ChestDut... Thos. Ferguson. . Thos. Smith Henry MeGough. Benj'n Olcott. . . . Geo. Millward. .. Wm. Donaldson. Jas. Meagher. . . . Sam'l Boyden Geo. Oliver Thos. Sparham... Robt. Sellars *P. F. Hale *Wm. Evans *Wm. Fraser *Eliakim Barney . * Bernard Bolton. John Willis *Peter Nolan.... LSD 12 6 2 1 4 16 19 15 1827 Feb 26th S D 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 May 29th L S Aug. 29th 2 1 o 2 15 2 DL 6' S D 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 Dec. 3rd 1827 TOTAL L S struck off 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 paid 2 6 paid 2 6 2 6 2 6 struck off struck off struck off paid S 7 5 2 2 7 / 2 2 2 2 7 17 6 12 6 7 6 7 6 1 11 8 17 8 14 2 7 6 15 10 6 £ 8 19 2 " N.B.— Sir Thomas Sparham to be credited 3d. See August, 1827." OLD MINUTES AND OTHER RECORDS. 45 The dues of St. John's Encampment were collected quarterly. Some of the Fraters were apparently ancestors of a few Tem- plars of to-day, who neglected to pay dues promptly. The first column in the MS. is devoted to the " Knights" in arrears up to 29th September, 1825, over two years after the return was made up. The " total," according to the MS., amounts to £8 19s. 2d., although a prober addition makes it £10 lis. 8d. The discrepancy is partly accounted for in Sparham's dues, so that if 12s. 6d. is deducted it brings the total to £9 19s. 2d. exactly £1 over the total given in the MS. The last record in MS., of St. John's is the meeting held on the 4th February, 1828. The Grand Master, who was pre- viously a farmer, came to town " agreeable to a promise " and quite a number of the Knights were present. Only one sheet of the minutes has been preserved. We notice that " Sir Alexander Melville" holds the office of " Warner," probably " Warder, Inner Guard or Sentinel," or as we would designate to-day, " Captain of the Guard." The MS. of this meeting reads : " Kingston, 4th February, 5828. " St. John's Encampment. ** EMERGENCY. ■ The Encampment having been called together in consequence of our Grand Master, Z. M. Phillips being in town, agreeable to promise, the Encampment opens in due form. " Present, " Sirs Z. M. Phillips, G. G. Master. " Thomas Smith, Grand C. "Wm. Chestnut, Capt. -General. "Samuel Boy den, Grand Prelate. " James Meagher, Senior Warden. " Joseph Dalay, Junior Warden. " Robert Walker, Treasurer. " George Millward, Recorded " Wm. Eliakim, Marshal. " W. Polly, Sword Bearer. "Thos Sparham, Standard Bearer. " Alex. Melville, Warner. " Henry Bolte, Sentinel. "The petition of Samuel Clows having been read, and put to vote, it proved a clear vote." . , The next date that connects us with th e Order in Canada is when a warrant was issued by Zibaa M. Phillips, at Brockville, in 1843, to Vio- tor rEncam^nt Smith's Falls. W&n Bro Phillip* , «. '--organizing the Craft at King^n in 1842 he intended to extend the , work -to the Tenmlar Order The flower of Templarism which had budded lortn in Std never boomed into a full bU flower, -Jg-^g^J lips felt that he could promote Templarism while working in the Oratt ana 46 KNIGRTS TEMPLARS. Capitular field. On the 3rd of December, 1842, Bro. J. B. Howard wrote to Bro. Johnston Neilson, in which he refers to the Encampment, stating : — " I allude to the circumstances mentioned in your letter of your bringing home with you the warrant for a Knights Encampment. " This letter shows that up to December, 1842, no Encampment had been formed. Bro. Phillips, writing from Brockville on the 6th February, 1843, to Bro. Alex. Matheson, the M. E. H. Priest of "Victoria," Smith's Falls, says : — " I hope at your next meeting there will be a, sufficient number of Sir Knights to open the Encampment. I know of several who will be candidates for the honor of being dubbed when you once get into opera- tion." In the MS. we have a petition from Comp. Young for Templar degrees, dated 6th Feb., 1844, addressed to " the Most Eminent, the Grand Com- mandant, and tee Companions Sir Knights Templars and of Malta, of the Royal Victoria Knights Encampment at Smith's Falls." On the same date we have a petition from Comp. Ebenezer Bell, and on the 7th Feb. a promissory note from Comp. Hiram Soper for £2 cy, payable at three months, for Templar degrees. This MS. shows that the fee charged for the degree was " £2 cy." On the 7th Feb. , 1844, we have the petition of James B. Howard and a letter from Bro. Ziba M. Phillips addressed to Bro. Alexander Matheson, in which he says :— " 1 met with one Bro. Dr. Russell, and he paid me three shillings on account. He wished to get the loan of the skull for a month or so and will return it to you before our next meeting. You will much eblige me by letting him have it for a short time." The MS. concludes with the roll of the En- campment. " Encampment opened. — Present : — Z. M. Phillips, Grand Master ; Alex. Matheson, Johnson Neilson, James Watkins, James Edgar, Richard Frayne, Robert Gaston, John Wilton, George Little, Wm. Ferguson, Robt. Hiddlestone, Rev. Mr. Tremayne, Samuel Goudie, John McMullen. Candidates Humphrey Young, Ebenezer Bell, James B. Howard, and Hiram Soper received the Orders of K. Templar and Malta." Victoria Encampment was probably not in existence in 1845. The next warrant we have is one issued in 1850 to an encampment attached to Craft Lodge 159, Hawkesbury, Canada West, an Irish Craft warrant erected on 14th March, 1844. There is no record of Templar work at Hawkesbury. This Craft Lodge was removed from L'Orignal, to Vankleek Hill, and Bro. Robert Hamil- ton one of the charter members, states that while the Lodge was at Hawkesbury or L'Orignal, no Templar work was done, and no work of that character had been done for over twenty years. This shows that the Templar warrant was dormant prior to 1867. In April of 1888 the mem- bers of No. 159 petitioned the Grand Lodge of Canada, asking an ex- change of their warrant from Ireland for a warrant under the Grand Lodge of Canada. The Grand Master of Canada, in 1888, stated that he had directed the issue of a warrant similar in form to those given to other lodges that were affiliated with Grand Lodge. This suggestion was adopt- ed, and the action removed the only remaining foreign lodge in the jurisdiction of 'he Grand Lodge of Canada. Of the members the following are left. viz. : Samuel Curran, of Hawkesbury West ; Hiram Johnson and Silas Grant, of Vankleek Hill ; Angus Urquhart, Trenton, Ont. ; William Robinson, who lives with his daughter at Winchester, or with his son, Hiram Robinson, of Ottawa ; and Robert Hamilton, of L'Orignal, who has possession of the Black or Templar warrant, a copy of which is given. OLD MINUTES AND OTHER RECORDS. 47 The warrant of No. 159 is unique, and, as a memento of the last of the Irish lodges, is herewith given. (copy op warrant.) Supreme Grand Encampment of High Knights Templars of Ireland, By No. 159 The Supreme Grand Commander, Augustus Frederick, Duke of Leinster. (Signed) Leinster. The Supreme Deputy Grand Commander, George Hoyte, Esq. The Supreme Grand Captain General, Thos. Wright, Esq., M.D. The Supreme Grand Marshal, Charles T. Webber, Esq. Whereas our right trusty and well-beloved Brothers and Knights Com- panions, Andrew McCready, William Robinson, Hugh Lough, Patrick McKee, Alexander Mcllwain, William Hamilton, senior, and Robert Hamilton, have sought us to constitute and establish an Encampment of High Knights Templars and Masonic Knights of Malta, together with a Council of the pieceding degrees of Knights of the Sword, Knights of the East, and Knights of the East and West, commonly called Red Cross Masons, to be held in Hawkesbury, in Canada West, by them and their successors lawfully admitted, and to be attached to Lodge and Chapter No. 159. We, duly considering the premises, do by these presents authorize and constitute the above named Knights Companions, ahd their succes- sors, to be the officers of an Encampment of High Knights Templars and Masonic Knights of Malta, and of the aforesaid preceding degrees of Knights of the Sword, Knights of the East, and Knights of the East and West, commonly called Red Cross Masons, to be holden at Hawkesbury, in Canada West, and to be attached to Lodge and Chapter No. 159, aforesaid, with full power to perform all acts befitting such assemblies, provided the same shall be in strict conformity to the rules and regulations now exist- ing, or hereafter to be made, by this Supreme Grand Encampment, re- serving to us and our suscessors the right of deciding all difficulties that may arise, and of annulling or cancelling these presents if we shall deem it necessary so to do. Dated this 27th day of March, 1850. (Signed) J. Fowler. Grand Secretary and Recorder. CHAPTER VII. The Modern System op Templarism in Canada — The Search for an Old Warrant— Its Resurrection and Establishment under a New Name — The Parent Encampments of the Provincial Conciave. HE year 1854 may be said to date the advent of Templarism, in the present form, in British America, and the venerable Col. Wm. J.B. MacLeod Moore can fairly claim the credit of giving life and activity to the Order, for until his arrival those interested in Templarism did not possess either the courage or ambition to congregate as Knights and carry out the glorious principles of an organization that may be said to have existed with our forefathers across the sea, from time immemorial. The gallant Colonel arrived in Canada in 1852. He was an ardent and enthusiastic Mason, and had received his Templar degrees under the Grand Conclave of Ireland. Of the English body he was a Past Second Grand Captain and Past Eminent Commander of the Melita Encampment in the Island of Malta, the first organization of Masonic Knights Templars ever held on that island, and of which he was the founder. On his arrival here he sought communion with his brethren of the Crafty and was informed that the Masonic Order of the Temple under the Grand Con- clave had not been established in Canada, but that son "> years before an Encampment, long dormant, had existed, and had been attached to St. John's Craft Lodge, Kingston, and Ancient Frontenac Royal Arch Chapter of the same place, and that two of the original members, Fratres Samuel Boyden and Robert Sellars, still reside there. On further inquiry the warrant was found which had been issued by the late Ziba M. Phillips, as Grand Master of Knights Templars and superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry for Can- ada West. This warrant was forwarded, accompanied by a peti- tion, signed by the two surviving members and other Templars, residents of Kingston, two of whom were officers of the garrison, 48 SUMMARY OF CANADIAN TEMPLAR BISTORT 49 to the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, praying that it might be exchanged for one to be called the "Hugh de Payens." A new warrant was issued by the Supreme Grand Master, Colonel Kemeys Kemeys Tynte on the 10th of March, 1854, appointing Frater (then Captain) MacLeod Moore to be the first Commander, also creating him, by " patent " of date the 7th July following, " Provincial Grand Commander for the Prov- ince of Canada," and some time afterwards permission was granted to ante-date the '' Hugh de Payens " warrant to that of the old one of " St. John of Jerusalem." In the same year a warrant was received, dated 8th September, to open at Toronto the " Geoffrey de St. Aldemar " Encampment, of which Frater Samuel B. Harman was first Eminent Comman- der, and on the 28th July, 1855, the " William de la More, the Martyr " Encampment at Quebec was constituted under Frater T. D. Harington as Eminent Commander. From these three Encampments the Provincial Grand Con- clave was established at Kingston, Canada West, on the 7th October, 1855 — the parent of the "Sovereign Great Priory of the Dominion." The first candidate installed in the Premier Encampment of Canada — the " Hugh de Payens" — was R. E. Frater James A. Henderson, Q.C., D.C.L., of Kingston, nowDeputy Grand Master of the Great Priory, as also P.. E. Frater, S. B. Harman, of Toron- to, Past Great Sub Prior and Chancellor, with the late esteemed Frater Thomas D. Harington. Subsequently Sir Allan Napier McNab, a former distinguished Provincial Grand Master and Canadian statesman, together with the present Prime Minister, the Right Honorable Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B., and Sir Alexander Campbell were received into this Encampment amongst its earliest members. The Provincial Grand Conclave remained as such until the 11th May, 1868, when the Supreme Grand Master of the. Order in England, Col. Wm. Stuart, changed the title to that of "Grand Priory," and the Grand Commander to "Grand Prior." In this year, after the re-organization and change of nomen- clature of the Order in England, with the formation of a "Con- vent General," comprising a union of the Templar bodies of England with Ireland, Scotland refusing to join, and having as Supreme Grand Master His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen as Grand Patron, the Grand Priory of *janada,holding under the National Great Priory of England, petitioned on the 27th August, 1875, to be admitted into Convent General on the same footing as the other National Great Priories. Authority was granted by D 50 KNIGHTS TEMPLAHS. patent under the sign manual of H. E. H. the Prince of Wales, dated 28th day of July, 1876, by which, under the name of the National Great Priory of Canada the Canadian Templars were admitted into the federation of Templar nationalities which composed " Convent- General," each nationality being virtually independent, and the Grand Prior of Canada was appointed " Great Prior " of the Canadian Templar Nationality; he was also previously selected as one of the original recipients of the new decoration of the " Grand Cross," instituted by His Royal Highness on the formation of Convent General. Owing to the general dissatisfaction that arose chiefly through the many changes made in the ritual and the titles of the officers and the change of the name " Encampment " to " Preceptory," the union of the National Great Priories did not work satisfac- torily, and Convent General fell into desuetude. The National Great Priory of Canada naturally became dissatisfied, and an agitation arose in favor of independence, which was heartily endorsed bj r Great Priory at the Annual Assemblies. Great Priory, through the Great Prior, petitioned His Royal High- ness, the Supreme Grand Master, to be absolved from its alle- giance to himself and Convent-General, and His Royal Highness graciously assented. At the annual meeting of Great Priory, held in Toronto, Ontario, on the 7th July, 1884, it was declared and proclaimed a Supreme and Indepen- dent Body, under the title of " The Sovereign Great Priory of Canada," having jurisdiction over the whole Dominion and Frater Col. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, 33°, the Great Prior was elected " Supreme Grand Master," ad perpetuitatem vitam The Templar System of Canada, under the Sovereign Great Priory of the Dominion known as the United Orders of the " Temple and Malta," and derived from the parent body of England, proclaims the orthodox Christian character it has al- ways maintained, requiringfrom its candidates a declaration that they are Christians, believing in the doctrine of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, and will submit to and obey the usages, customs and statutes of the Order. These United Chivalric Orders, or Templar Degrees, in their later Masonic revival, were introduced and attached to Free- masonry in England towards the end of the last century, to represent the Mlftary and Religious Orders of the Crusades, the object being to preserve the original Christian basis of Freemasonry, and promulgate (as separate degrees) its ancient tenets of the Christian faith, which at the revival and revision of the Craft, circa 1717, had been eradicated and a universal creed adopted. The Ancient Templars, and the Guilds of SUMMARY OF CANADIAN TEMPLAR HISTORY. 51 Builders, or Architects, — Stone Masons, — having a common ori- gin from the cloisters in the 11th century, their sacred and secret doctrines were alike. After the Reformation, on the suppression of the Monastic Religious houses, and dispersion of the Combined Orders of the " Temple and St. John." in Scot- land, their doctrinal ritual was carefully preserved- — known only to a few. From this source was founded the English Tem- plar System, having no direct or indirect connection with mod- ern Free and Accepted Masonry, and only recognized as an allied body of the Graft, completing what is now known as " the English Rite " of Masonry. Applicants for admission to these Templar degrees must be Royal Arch Masons, but in no other sense can they be considered as Masonic. The history of the Ancient Templars and Knights of Malta is well known, and it is evident that their principles and usages could never have had anything to do with the Masonry of to-day, but' in the modern revival of Templary, different countries took different views and conferred the degrees without any relation between them. The history of Templarism from 1854 runs connectedly down to the present time, and its operations under the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada under the Supreme Conclave of England and Wales were continued throughout until 1868, when the Provincial Body in Ontario and Quebec gave place to and became absorbed in the National Great Priory of Cana- da, and subsequently in lti8i the Sovereign Great Priory of the Dominion. CHAP. VIII. The Provincial Grand Conclave for Canada — Its Organization and First Assembly in Kingston — Investiture of the First Officers — The Hugh de Payens Encampment — Warrant Ante Dated to 1824. T was a red-letter day for the Templars of Upper Canada when, on the 9th of October, 1855, they raised the Arch of Steel, in the Hall of Hugh de Payens Encampment, Kingston, and welcomed the Provincial Grand Commander, as he entered the Encampment to open and constitute the first Pro- vincial Conclave. The patent or appointment from England was dated 7th July, 1854, and came in due and proper form, from the Most Eminent Supreme Grand Master, Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, of the Royal, Exalted and Religious and Military Order of Masonic Knights Templars in England and Wales. The, Provincial Grand Conclave met in the Hall of Hugh de Payens Encampment in the city of King- ston, and comprised the three existing Masonic Knight Tem- plar Encampments in Canada, viz : 1st, Hugh de Payens, of Kingston, warrant dated 10th March, 1854. 2nd, the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar, of Toronto ; date of warrant, 8th November, 1854. 3rd, William de la More, the Martyr of Quebec ; date- of warrant, 28th of July, 1855. There were present at this meeting V. E. Frater Col. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, of Ottawa, Provincial Grand Commander ; Fra- tres James A. Henderson, Em. Commander Hugh de Payens En- campment.Kingston; Thos. Douglas Harington,Em. Commander William de la More, the Martyr, Quebec, and the following members of the Hugh de Payens Encampment, Kingston: James Fitzgibbon, of Ottawa ; James Hill Rowan, of Kingston; John Charles Fraack, of Belleville : John Kerr, of Kingston; William Hamilton Ponton, of Belleville ; Robert Sellars, of Kingston ; Alfred Argyle Campbell, of Belleville ; Samuel Staples Finden, of Belleville; Samuel Deadman Fowler, of Kingston ; A. H. Gibson, of Kingston. PROVINCIAL GRAND CONCAVE FOR CANADA. 53 The warrant of appointment of the Provincial Grand Com- mander read as follows : J Frater O.KK TYNTE, S.G.M. England and Wales, To all and every our Eminent Commanders and our Knights of the Royal, Exalted, Religions and Military Order of Masonic Knights Templars : Health, Peace, Good Will. We, Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, F.S.A., &c, Most Eminent Supreme Grand Master of the said Royal, Exalted, Religious and Military Order in England and Wales, do hereby appoint our Brother and Knight, Captain Wm. James'Bury MacLeod Moore, to be our repre- sentative, with the rank of Provincial Grand Commander of the said Order in the Province of Canada, and to be responsible to us, or our successors, for the proper discharge of his duties, in the strict observance of the Rites and ceremonies established by our predecessors, as well as the Statutes and Ordinances enacted for the good government of the Order. For which purpose we enjoin each and every Knight of our Exalted Order within the above named Province cheerfully to obey the commands of the Provincial Grand Commander, WHOM GOD PRESERVE. In Witness whereof we have hereunto affixed our signature and Grand Seal of the Order, this 7th day of July, A.L. 5858, A.D. 1854, A.O. 736. The V. E. Frater, W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, then declared the Provincial Grand Conclave opened and appointed the follow- ing Fratres the first officers of the Provincial Grand Conclave, and invested them with the jewels of office, those not present being invested by proxy. Very Fminent Frater James A. Henderson, Hugh de Payens Encamp- ment. Deputy Provincial Grand Commander. Frater Col. Alex. Gordon, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Prior. Frater Rev. F. J. Lundy, D.C.L., Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encamp- ment. Provincial Grand Prelate. E. Fratres S. B. Harman, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment, and T. D. Harington, William de la More, the Martyr, Encampment. Provincial Grand Captains Commanding Columns. Frater S. D. Fowler, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Registrar Frater S. S. Finden, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Treasurer. Frater Jas. Fitzgibbon, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Chamberlain. Frater Thos. G. Ridout, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Pro vincial Grand Hospitaller. Frater Francis Richardson, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Provincial Grand Expert. Frater Ellery Wanzer Palmer, Hugh de Payens Encampment, and Frater George Duggan, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Provincial Grand Standard Bearers. 54 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Frater John George Howard, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Provincial Grand Almoner Frater Wilson George Storm, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Provincial Grand Director of Ceremonies. Fater Fred. W. Cumberland, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment. Provincial Grand Aide de Camp. Frater John Kerr, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Captain of Lines. Frater Alfred Argtle Campbell, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Sword Bearer. Frater William Murray Jamieson, Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encamp- ment, and James Hill Rowan, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Heralds. Frater A. H. Gibscn, Hugh de Payens Encampment. Provincial Grand Equerry. The Provincial Grand Commander also informed the Grand Conclave that in conformity with a resolution of the Supreme Grand Conclaveof England and Wales, of 10th May last, the Hugh de Payens Encampment of Kingston having surrendered to the Supreme Grand Conclave its original Warrant of Constitution, issued by authority of the Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry in Upper Canada, and called " St. John " En- campment of Kingston, will in consequence take rank in the Supreme Grand Conclave from 12th February, 1824, that being the date of the surrendered Warrant. At this time no discovery of the Warrant of 1823 had been made. The V. E. the Deputy Provincial Grand Commander, the two Provincial Grand Captains, the Provincial Grand Registrar and Provincial Grand Treasurer, were appointed a Committee to prepare a Code of Rules and Regulations for the guidance of the Provincial Grand Conclave, and to submit the same at the next meeting. It was also resolved that in the existing state of the finances it would be inexpedient to send to England for a set of Jewels for the Officers of the Provincial Grand Conclave ; but, that as " Hugh de Payens " Encampment had offered to place their jewels at the disposal of Grand Conclave, the offer be accepted, the Conclave agreeing to purchase for the cost price thereof, such of the officers' jewels of the Encampment as are applicable for a Provincial Grand Conclave, with the understanding that the " Hugh de Payens " Encampment have the use of the jewels for its meetings until others are provided. All business being concluded, the Provincial Grand Con- clave closed its first meeting in due form, and adjourned. CHAPTER IX. Effect of the Revival of Templarism in Canada — The Provincial Gkand Conclave — Its Second Annual Assembly — Three En- campments UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE GRAND CoMJMAND ER. HE keynote for the revival of Templarism had been given with effect in the proceedings of the first meeting of the Provincial Conclave, and not only did the Canadian Fratres feel elated with the out- look, but their Companions in the American Union also showed that kindly, knightly and fraternal feeling, indicative of good-will to their cousins north of the great lakes. The Second Annual Convocation of the Provincial Conclave met at Kingston on the 22nd December, 1856, in the Hall of the " Hugh de Pay ens " Encampment. There were present V. Em. Frater, James A. Henderson, Deputy Provincial Grand Commander on the Throne, Em. Frater S. S. Finden as 1st Captain, Fratres J. H. Rowan as 2nd Captain, S. D. Fowler Grand Registrar, Robert Sellars as Grand Treasurer, E. W. Palmer as Expert, John Kerr as Captain of Lines, S. Boyden as Standard Bearer, and A. H. Gibson, Equerry. The Minutes of the last Provincial Grand Conclave held at Kingston on the 9th October,185o,were read and confirmed,and the Committee appointed at the last meeting reported a draft of Rules and Regulations for the guidance of the Provincial Grand Conclave and the Encampments under its jurisdiction, and the Deputy Provincial Grand Commander having stated that the draft had been approved by the V. E. Provincial Grand Com- mander, it was resolved that these Rules and Regulations form the Rules and Regulations for the guidance of the Provincial Grand Conclave. The first foreign body to extend the hand of welcome to the Canadian Conclave was the United States, and an important and interesting communication was read to the following effect, 56 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. from the Hon. William B. Hubbard, the General Grand Master of the Order in the United States, as follows : Office of the Grand Master Of the General Grand Encampment of the United States. Columjius, Ohio, December 1st, 1855. To all true and courteous Sir Knights within our jurisdiction : — Greeting : Whereas, it has been duly certified unto me, that under and in pursu- ance of the authority of the Royal, Exalted, Religious and Military Or- der of Masonic Knights Templars in England and Wales, (whose statutes have been carefully examined by me) Sir Knight Captain William James Bury MacLeod Moore, is the Very Eminent Provincial Grand Commander of the Order in Canada : and that the regular and lawful Encampments within hiB Province are The Hugh de Payens City of Kingston. The Geoffrey de St. Aldemar " " Toronto. The William de la More the " Martyr " " " Quebec. Therefore, the officers and members of said Encampments, with such others as may hereafter be instituted and created under the high authority aforesaid, are, and of right ought to be, in fraternal union and Knightly relation with all the officers and Sir Knights, within and subject to the jurisdiction of our General Grand Encampment. But it is enjoined upon all of our Subordinate and Worthy Sir Knights, to hold no fellowship or communion with any pretenders to our Order coming from the said Pro- vince, and not hailing from the Encampments aforesaid, or as residents of Canada, not being in fealty to the Supreme Grand .Conclave of England and Wales. And that the intercourse between the two High Powers, and their Sub- ordinates, may continue to be most fraternal and Knightly, the Command- ers of such of our Subordinates as adjoin a foreign and lawful jurisdic- tion, are requested to strictly conform to the requisi r ions of the 1st clause of the 10th section of the 2nd article, and the 5th section of the 3rd article of our General Grand Constitution. And, whereas, it has been represented unto me, that there is an illegal, self-constituted and misguided body of men in and about the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, who style themselves Knights Tem- plars, and professing to have the right, without Warrant or Dispensation from our General Grand Body, to confer the Orders upon others ; Now, be it kjsown, That all such, and those whom they may have thus- clandestinely created, are in rebellion to lawful and constituted authority, and are not in fellowship with our Subordinate, the Grand t ncampment of Pennsylvania, of which our worthy and illustrious Sir Knight W. W. Wilson, is Grand Master. It is therefore especially enjoined upon all of our Subordinates, their officers and members, to be exact and rigid in their discipline relating to their intercourse with wayfaring Knights and from without their respective jurisdictions, and especially as to those hailing from Pennsylvania, that no one protending to have been created a Knight in that State may be countenanced or acknowledged, unless created under and by the authority of the aforesaid Grand Encampment of that State, or of our Subordinate, working under our Dispensation at Waynesburgh ; and to the end also that none of the impostors or rebellious of other jurisdictions, if any there A COSTUME AUTHORIZED. 57 be, shall have intercourse or communion with any of our true and cour- teous Sir Knights throughout our entire jurisdiction. At our next Grand Lodge Convocation, to be held in the City of Hart- ford, Connecticut, on , the second Tuesday of September, next, it is re- quested that all of the officers and representatives of Subordinate Encamp- ments and visitors then present, will wear the jewel and badge to which their rank in the Order entitles them, and that all will be clothed as be- comes Knights of our illustrious Order. But, and until further ordered by the General Grand Encampment, the citizen black hat will be recog- nized and approved in the place of the military chapeau, or helmet. Our Worthy Sir Knight, our General Grand Recorder, will make out and certify, under the official seal, a suitable number of copies of the fore- going to each of our Subordinates, and also to the M. E. Provincial Grand Commander of the Province of Canada, and to the M. E. and Supreme Grand Master of Masonic Knights Templars in England and Wales. W. B. Hubbard, General Grand Master of the General Grand Encampment of the United States. _ There were also read the following circulars of the Provin- cial Grand Commander for Canada, in connection with the ad- option of a uniform for the Encampments in Canada : Office of the Provincial Grand Commander, Provincial Grand Conclav.e of Knights Templars of Canada. 13th December, 1855. To all Eminent Commanders and Fratres of the Order of Masonic Knights Templars under the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada ; greeting. Whereas, I find that it is the general wish of the Masonic Order of Knights Templars in Canada, under my jurisdiction, to adopt, in addition to the costume authorized by the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, a Cap, Surcoat, Boots and Spurs, and to which I have given my sanction, It therefore becomes absolutely necessary that a uniform system be adopted in all the Encampments in Canada. 1 therefore decide that the Surcoat be made of the same material as the Cloak, reaching to within two inches of the knee, with the Red Cross of the Templar on the centre of the breast, same size as on the Cloak. The Cap to be of Red Velvet,. four inches high, with a coif of same material, six inches deep, lined with white, and a round button on crown of Cap. Boots of black leather, turned over at the tops (Temp. Car. 2nd). Spurs gilt (brass), with cross plate rowels, and side fastenings buckled on boot, with black leather straps over the insteps. The boots to be drawn over black dress trousers, around the neck a falling white linen collar frill or white neck-tie. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, Provincial Grand Commander for Canada. The recognition of the Canadian Conclave was also dealt with in the following circular to the Fratres : ■58 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Office of the Provincial Grand Conclave of Masonic Knights Templars of Canada. Templaes Hall, Kingston, 3rd April, 1856. CIRCULAR. The Moat Eminent the General Grand Master of the General Grand Encampment of the United States, the, Honorable Frater W.B.Hubbard, having by general order of 1 st December, 1856, officially recognized the jurisdiction and authority of the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada, and by said order discountenanced all spurious and clandestine formation of pretending Knights in his own jurisdiction, or Knights Templars from Canada who are not recognized by the Provincial Grand Conclave, thus opening the way to a mutual reception of the Fratres of either jurisdic- tion ; it becomes necessary to point out to the Fratres under the jurisdic- tion of the Provincial Grand Commander of Canada the peculiar organi- sation of Masonic Knights Templars in the United States. A candidate there requires to be possessed of the Order known as "Knight of the Red Cross," or as it is sometimes called "Knight of the Sword," and to obtain this Order he must have received the preceding de- grees of the E.A., F.C., M.M., Mark, Past and M. Ex. Master, and of the Royal Arch. But though the English Royal Arch does not require any degree between it and the Master Mason, Companions cannot bo received into a Royal Arch Chapter in the United States without being in posses- sion of those degrees ; which the General Grand Chapter has provided for by authorizing all his subordinate Chapters to recognize all Royal Arch Masons from foreign parts by healing them, and giving them the three intercallary degrees, or such of them as they may be in possession of. And as by the Statutes of the Supreme Grand Conclave of Masonic Knights Templars of England and Wales, a Royal Arch Mason is an eligi- ble candidate for the Order of the Temple without any intermediate de- grees ; but an English Knight Templar cannot be received into the United States Encampments unless possessed of the Orders required by their or- ganization. Therefore, to bring about a proper affiliation between the Knights Templars within the jurisdiction of the United States, and that of Canada, the Most Eminent the General Grand Master of the General Grand En- campment of the United States, has, under date January 9th, 1856, Columbus, Ohio, intimated to the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Commander for Canada, that he will grant authority to the Encampments of the United States, to confer on Fratres under the English jurisdic- tion, the Order of Knights of the Red Cross, always provided the Frater has complied with the laws of the United States General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, by taking the degrees between the Master Mason and the Royal Arch. It, therefore, becomes necessary, and it is enjoined on all Fratres -under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand Conclave, that if they wish to visit the Encampments of the United States, they must conform to the rules and statutes of that Supreme Body; and they are hereby authorized to apply to any of the United States Subordinate Encampments and re- ceive the Order of the " Knight of the Red Cross," and appendant Order or explanatory adjunct to Knight Templar of "Knight of Malta," which latter Order is merged (in the United States) in that of the Temple. FRATRES OF TEE UNITED STATES. 59 But this authority is to be in no way considered as enjoining any Crater under this Provincial Grand Conclave to take degrees which are not considered legitimate or necessary under the Constitution of the " Grand Chapter of Koyal Arch Masons of England," or the "Supreme Grand Conclave of Knights Templars of England and Wales," but merely to enable the Fratres to visit Encampments under a different organization. It is further enjoined that all Knights Templars from regular Encamp- ments in the United States who may wish to visit Encampments under this jurisdiction (on conforming to such tests and rules as maybe requir- ed) are to be freely admitted and received with that courtesy due to Fratres of our illustrious Order. By order of the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Commander for Canada. Samuel Deadman Fowler, Provincial Grand Registrar. The printed proceedings of the Triennial session of the General Grand Encampment for the United States of America, held in September, 1885, at Hartford, Connecticut, were laid before the Conclave, and the following extract from the address of the General Grand Master was ordered to be incorporated in the minutes : — " It is well known to all of our intelligent Commanders and Sir Knights, " that, within our jurisdiction, a number of degrees and one Order in " Chivalry, are required to be passed by the applicant as a pre-requisite " to receiving the Order of Knight Templar, and that these are not re- " quired by the Supreme Grand Conclave of England and Wales. In •' other words, the ' Intercallary Degrees,' so called, between the Boyal " Arch and Master Mason, and the Order of the Bed Cross, are required " by ours, and not by the Supreme power. First, fully assured that their " work in conferring the superior of all other Orders, the Knight Templar, " was in all essentials the same as ours ; knowing that the Templars of " England and Wales, with their subordinates, were as legitimately and " illustriously descended from the original, pure, renowned and magnani- " mous Hugh de Payens, St. Aldemar, and their seven associates, as we " are ourselves, I was anxious for the good of the Order, to bring these " Supreme powers, and all of their members, into a more intimate fraternal " and knightly relation to each other, and have indulged the hope, that 41 by a prudent and dignified course, and by more or less of concession 41 upon the part of each of the high powers, all obstacles to a complete " affiliation, around a common triangle for work, as well as worship, might 41 be removed. With these views, if worthy of your attention, it would " seem to be inexpedient, if otherwise lawful, to widen the differences by " again adding to the intercallary degrees, already too numerous (and " formerly unknown to our Order), as essential to the obtainment of the 41 Order of Knight Templar." It was also resolved, That the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada views with much pleasure the initiatory step taken by the General Grand Encampment of the United States, at its 60 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. meeting at Hartford, towards the compilation of a history of the Order of the Knights Templars since the martyrdom of Jacques de Molay ; and that this Provincial Grand Conclave do therefore lend its aid towards furnishing such data and facts connected with the Templar history as may be within its reach, and for that purpose the Provincial Grand Chancellor do place himself in communication with the General Grand Recorder of the United States. The Provincial Grand Chancellor was ordered to inform the Provincial Grand Commander that no returns had been received from " William de la More, the Martyr " Encampment at Quebec, with a request that instructions be issued respecting the same. The following resolution was passed : " That, whereas the Provincial Grand Treasurer has reported to this Conclave that all the Provincial Grand Officers here paid the usual fee of honour, as directed by the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Commander, with the exception of Frater F. J. Lundy, who re- ceived the appointment of Provincial Grand Prelate on the same terms as the other Provincial Grand Officers. Be it, therefore, resolved that as Frater Lundy by the non-payment of his fee of hononr has not complied with the terms on which he received his appointment, he be not accorded in the Provin- cial Grand Conclave any rank or position whatever, by reason of his having been appointed Provincial Grand Prelate." The Fratres then proceeded to ballot for Provincial Grand Treasurer and Equerry, when Frater E. W. Palmer was elected Provincial Grand Treasurer, and Frater A, H. Gibson was re- elected Provincial Grand Equerry. The Deputy Provincial Grand Commander read the list of officers appointed by the Provincial Grand Commander for the ensuing year, who, with the Treasurer and Equerry, were in- vested and inducted in due form. It was resolved that the proceedings of this Provincial Grand Conclave, together with the Rules and Regulations, be printed in a convenient form, and the Seal designed by the Provincial Grand Commander for the Provincial Grand Con- clave be engraved, and that Fratres Kerr, Rowan and Fowler be a committee for that purpose. After which the Provincial Grand Conclave adjourned. CHAPTER X. Consecration of the Hall of the Geoffry de St. Aldemar in Toronto — An Address from the Provincial Grand Comman- der — A Special Convocation and a large muster of Fratres. ^ HE Templar cohorts of the west were out in full strength on that bright day in the springtime of 1856, when the magnificent ceremonial of conse- cration of the new hall of Geoffrey de St. Aldemar, Toronto, was to take place. All those noted in Templar work had been invited, and a goodly num- ber came. The new home of the Fratres was resplen- dent in glory, and reminded one present of the accounts we find in records of the meeting places of the Knights of the olden time. On the 20th April, 1857, a special Convocation of the Provincial Grand Conclave was held in the hall of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment at Toronto. There were present the V.E. the Prov. Grand Commander, Fr. W. J. B. .MacLeod Moore on the Throne ; V.E. Fr. T. D. Harington, Prov. Grand Sub- Prior, acting as Prelate ; V.E. Fr. S. S. Finden, 1st Cap- tain; V.E. Fr. F. Richardson, 2nd Captain; Fratres Jas. Fitz- gibbon, Chamberlain; Thompson Wilson, Hospitaller; J. G. Howard and J. H. Rowan, Standard Bearers ; W. G. Storm, Almoner ; F. W. Cumberland, Aide-de-camp ; W. H. Ponton, 1st Herald ; W. R, Harris, 2nd Herald ; J. Foreman, acting as Equerry. A large muster of the Knights of the Geoffrey de St. Alde- mar Encampment, represented and headed by Frater Thos. G. Ridout, the Provincial Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, in Canada, were present. At nine o'clock, p.m., the V.E. the Prov. Grand Commander, having been con- ducted to the Throne under the arch of steel, the Provincial Grand Conclave was opened in form. The patent of the V.E. the Provincial Grand Commander was then read. The V. E. the Provincial Grand Commander announced that this was a 62 ANNUAL ASSEMBLY. special meeting of the Provincial Grand Conclave, for the pur- pose of cod secrating the splendid hall of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment, in which they were assembled. The Patent and Warrant of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encamp- ment were then read. The imposing and solemn ceremony of the consecration of the Encampment, with its banners or standards, was then pro- ceeded with in ancient form — Corn, Wine and Oil being car- ried by the Provincial Grand Aide-de- Camp, and the Prelate pronouncing the Invocation, while the Provincial Grand Com- mander sprinkled and scattered the sacred emblems of Plenty, Joy and Gladness, — at the conclusion of which the Heralds proclaimed, and the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Com- mander declared, the Encampment duly consecrated. The Provincial Grand Commander then read an address on the connection of the Christian and Military Order with An- cient Freemasonry, after which the Provincial Grand Conclave was closed in ancient form. The next {Annual Convocation of the Provincial Grand Conclave was held at Toronto on the 17th of July, 1857, and in the Hall of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment, the V. E., the Prov. Grand Commander presiding. Prov. Grand Prior, S. J3. Harman, acted as Grand Chancellor and Registrar, and Prov. Grand Sub-Prior, T. D. Harington, as Prelate. The other officers present were Em. Fratres, F. Richardson, 1st Prov. Grand Captain, and T. Gibbs Ridout, jr., Prov. Grand Treasurer ; W. M. Jamieson, Chamberlain ; W. Wylie, Prov. Grand Expert ; J. Nickenson, 1st Grand Standard Bearer ; Geo. Duggan, 2nd Grand Standard Bearer ; W. G. Storm, Prov. Grand Almoner ; F W. Cumberland, Prov. Grand Dir. of Cer. ; W. Hay, Prov. Grand Captain of Lines ; and James Foreman, Prov. Grand Equerry. At half-past eight o'clock, p.m., the Provincial Grand Commander having been conducted to the Throne under the arch of steel the Provincial Grand Conclave was opened in form. The proceedings of the Provincial Grand Conclave assemblies of 22nd Dec, 1856, and 20th April, 1857, to- gether with the Statutes and Rules of the Provincial Grand Conclave, were read and confirmed. The Provincial Grand Commander announced that this be- ing the first regular annual meeting, or assembly, of the Pro- vincial Grand Conclave since the adoption of the Provincial Statutes, and the day on which, in compliance therewith, the election of Officers should take place, he was pleased to con- firm the election of Officers as made on the 22nd December,. 1856, as the Officers of the year, commencing this day. KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 6$ The Provincial Grand Commander read extracts from the printed proceedings of the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, calling special attention to the appointments of Frater Henderson, as Grand Sub-Prior, and Frater Harman, as Grand Chamberlain ; and the entry on the roll of the William de la More the Martyr Encampment, of Quebec, under Frater T. D. Harington, Eminent Commander, warrant dated 28th July, 1855, and of the Cceur de Lion Encampment, at Lon- don, Canada West, under Frater Thompson Wilson, Eminent Commander, date of warrant 27th May, 1857 ; and also of the special minute given in red ink in the said printed proceedings, with regard to the admission of visiting Fratres. The Provincial Grand Commander read a circular received from the Grand Recorder of the General Grand Encampment of the United States, bearing date the 27th June, 1857, and an- nouncing a general Union of all Encampments in the United States, and particularly referring to those of the State of Pennsylvania, under the one head of the Grand Encampment of the United States of America. The Provincial Grand Commander proceeded to name the Provincial Grand Committee as follows : Eminent Fratres, S.B.'Harman, Provincial Grand Prior ; T.D.. Harington, Sub-Prior ; F. Richardson, 2nd Captain ; T. G. Ridout, Prelate ,and T. Wilson, Hospitaller. The Provincial Grand Conclave then closed. CHAPTER XI. Third Annual Convocation — A Successful Period — A Visit from the Masonic Poet Laureate — Interesting Address of the Provincial Grand Commander — Merits and Objects of the "Red Cross" Degree analysed. HREE years of comparative success tended to strengthen the hold of Templarism on the Fratres of the Dominion. The progress had not been marked, and yet there were signs in the horizon of Templary which gave the assur- ance of the seeds being sown with good effect, and that in due time the harvest would be plentiful. Toronto, the Qaeen City, was again the place of meeting for the Provincial Conclave, and on the 16th of July, 1858, the third annual Convocation was called together in the hall of Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Preceptory, Prov. Grand Prior, S. B. Harman presiding in the absence of the Provincial Grand Commander through ill health. The other chairs were filled as follows : Em. Fratres, T. D. Harington Grand Prior ; T. G. Ridout, Gr. Prelate ; Wm. Jamieson, 1st Gr. Captain : S. D. Fowler, Gr. Chancellor and Registrar ; G. F. LaSerre, Gr. Treas and Almoner ; Thompson Wilson, Hos- pitaller ; Joseph Jackes, Expert ; F. W. Cumberland, Dir. of Cer. : W. H. Pardey, Capt. of Lines ; and James Foreman, Equerry. A number of visitors were present at this Assembly, amongst them being V. E. Commanders, Philip C. Tuck- er, of Mount Calvary Encampment, Middleburgh, Vt., Rob Morris, the poet laureate of the Craft, who — as this volume goes to press — has gone to that " tent whose curtain never out- ward swings," Encampment No. 10, Hickman, Ky. ; and J. L. Grant, of Utica Encampment, New York ; also Fratres William Mercer Wilson, Grand Master of the 'Grand Lodge of Canada, and P. D. Brown, of the Coeur de Lion Encampment, London, C. W., R. A. Harrison — afterwards Chief Justice Harrison, G. Whitehead and W. R. Harris, of the Geoffrey de St. Aldemar KNIGHTS TEMPLABS. 65 Encampment, Toronto, and W. B. Simpson of the Hugh de Payens Encampment, Kingston. Five Canadian Knights were this year nominated Officers of the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, viz : Frater James A. Henderson, as representative in the Grand Encampment of the United States ; Frater Samuel B. Harman, Grand Sub-Prior ; Frater Thomas Douglas Haring- ton, Grand Chamberlain ; Frater Francis Richardson, 2nd Grand Standard Bearer ; and Frater Colonel Alex. Gordon, of the Royal Engineers, Provincial Grand Commander for Berkshire, in England. Since the last Annual Encampment another En- campment was added to the jurisdiction, that of the " Richard Cceur de Lion," of London, Canada West, and its Eminent Com- mander, Frater Captain Thompson Wilson, the Provincial Grand Hospitaller, duly installed. The warrant for this En- campment was dated 29th May of this year, the Charter Mem- bers being : Fratres Thompson Wilson, J ames Daniell, P. J. Dunn, Andrew McCormick, Andrew Walsh, Jno. Stuart, and W. J. Gray. The Provincial Grand Commander, in his A nnual Address read at this Convocation, said : — " The Grand Chancellor, Frater Masson, informs me thit the Order of the Temple is extending atid flourishing in all parts of Her Majesty's do- minions, and there are now in India and Australia, Provincial Grand Commanders. It is also most gratifying to announce, that the bond of union has been closely drawn between the Templars of the United States and our own Supreme Grand Body, with every prospect of a lasting feel- ing of good will and kindly regard which ought always to exist and ever keep our companions of the United States in harmony with the Parent Stock, alike in kindred and in common language. To insure this desirable object, representatives have been appointed by the Supreme Grand Bodies, viz : John Masson, Esq., of London, the Grand Chancellor of Grand Conclave of England and Wales, for the Grand Encampment of the United States, and James A. Henderson, Esq. , of Kingston, Past Grand Sub-Prior, for the Grand Conclave of England and Wales. "Prom my enquiries into the history of the Order and its present posi- tion, I find that there still exist Orders of the Temple and of St. John of Jerusalem, or KnightB of Malta, not connected with the Masonic Bady, whose forms and watfcft-words are in many instances different. Oar vener- able and esteemed Grand Master belonged to one of these, but since the revival of the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, as a military and religious Order of Masonic Knights Templars, he has scrupulously confined his authority to the Masonic portion of the Order which rules under his authority and command. ' ' In Scotland the enthusiasm so much shown a few years back appears to have in some measure abated. This is to be regretted, as in no other country is it so well understood or its ceremonies and costume in conform- ity with ancient usage so closely adhered to. With every share of justice they lay claim to being now the only direct and legitimate branch of the Order in existence, sincejits dispersion after the martyrdom of Jacques Da Molay, on the 18th March, 1313. Documents in the possession of the E 66 ADDRESS OF THE GRAND COMMANDER. Grand Body, and antiquarian researches into the History of the Order, justly entitle them to this distinction. The repealing the clause in the Statutes which, previous to 1844, compelled every Chivalric Templar of Scotland to be a Royal Arch Mason, created some dissension, but after being a short time in force it was revised, and now every candidate must have taken that degree in Masonry. This wise decision will, no doubt, rouse the zeal of the Masonic Body connected with the Order. In the United States, under the able government of their Most Eminent and Supreme .Grand Master, Frater William Hubbard, Templar Masonry haa taken a high stand. His address to the Grand Commandery of Ohio, will be read with interest by the Order generally. The Statutes which have been lately revised and published in the proceedings of the Grand En- campment of New York at its last Annual Convocation, together with a sketch of the origin of Ancient Chivalry, are well worthy a perusal. With reference to the Order of the 'Red Cross,' known in Scotland and Ire- land as ' Knights of the Sword,' or ' Babylonish pass,' and of 'The East* and ' East and West,' it does not appear to me to be any way requisite to take this degree in Masonry for obtaining admission to the Order of the Temple, although insisted upon in the United States; it has no connection whatever with Knight Templar, a purely Christian rite, and is indeed only an adjunct to the Poyal Arch, and not recognized in England as a degree of Masonry. It would therefore be advisable and add greatly to our more cordial fraternization if an exception was made in the case of Templars from a foreign jurisdiction who had not taken the degree, by not insisting upon it as a pre-requisite for admission to United States En- campments. There certainly appears an inconsistency in obliging an English Templar to require the aid of a degree unknown to him to obtain admission to his own Order. The Grand Master of the United States ad- mits that it is a modern innovation." The Provincial Grand Commander concluded his address by expressing the wish " that each Encampment should furnish its- quota of Grand Offieers, and that the Eminent Commanders should take in turn, the higher offices in the-Grand Conclave." The regular election of Treasurer and Equerry was then pro- ceeded with, after which they, with the officers selected by the V. Em. the Prov. Grand Commander, were invested and in- ducted. Before adjournment V. E. Commanders Fratres P. C. Tucker and Rob Morris addressed the Grand Conclave on the pros- perity of the Order in the United States, which had been har- moniously consolidated under one supreme head ; and congratu- lated the Fratres of this jurisdiction on the happy union which had taken place in the working of the Masonic Craft in Canada, and looked forward hopefully when the various Or- ders throughout all America would be still closer linked in the fraternal bond. Special allusion was made to the appointment by the Grand Conclave of England and Wales of the V. E. Frater Jas. A. Henderson as representative of that Conclave in the United States, as an evident desire on the part of the Grand Conclave of England to draw closer those ties which KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 67 should unite every Knight Templar throughout the world. Reference was also made to the additional fraternal feeling then existing in the United States by reason of the union of the craft in New York, and the relinquishment by the Grand 1 . Lodge of Pennsylvania of the jurisdiction hitherto claimed by it over the Order of Knights Templars in the United States. In April,1859,the initial movement was begunfor theestablish- ment of an Encampment at Hamilton, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, and the Fratres there forwarded with their petition a warrant numbered 231,, from the Supreme Grand Encampment of High Knights Tem- plar of Ireland, bearing date 25th October 1855, which they desired to have exchanged. The new warrant dated 15th June, 1859, was applied for by the following Fratres : Thos. B. Harris, Robt. J. Hamilton, M. F. Shaler, H. D. Munroe, W. M. Wilson, and Dougal Mclnnes. Extracts from Letter of the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Commander, Captain Moore, to Frater John Masson, Grand Chancellor Masonic Knights Templars, London — accompanying Petition from Fratres (as named below) in Hamilton, Canada West. Ottawa, Canada West, 28th April, 1859. A Petition from the undermentioned Knights Templars was received by the Provincial Grand Commander, dated City of Hamilton, Canada West, 18th April, 1859, requesting to have Warrant 231 from Supreme Grand Encampment of High Knights Templars, Ireland, exchanged for one under the Grand Conclave of England and Wales, to be called the " Godfrey de Bouillon," to meet first Friday in every month in the City of Hamilton, Canada West. Frater Wm. Mercer Wilson, to be First Eminent Commander. Thos. Bird Harris, to be First Captain. Dougal McInnes, to be Second Captain. Names of petitionei-s, with respective Encampments as fol- lows : Thos. Bird Harris, Encampment " Genesee," Lockport, New York. Robert Hamilton, Encampment " Genesee," Lockport, New York. M. Francis Shaler, Encampment " Lake Erie," Buffalo, New York. Hubbard Davis, Encampment " Monroe," Rochester, New York. Wm C. Stephens, Encampment " Faith and Fidelity," London, Eng. G. W. Whitehead, Encampment " Geoffrey de St. Aldemar," To- ronto. 68 LETTER OF GRAND COMMANDER. Dougall MuInnes, Encampment " Coeur de Lion," London, C. W. Wm . M. Wilson, Encampment " Coeur de Lion," London, C. W. Approved and recommended by the Very Eminent the Provincial Grand Commander for Canada. i seal. 1 (Signed,) Frater Wm. J. B. MacLeod Moore. Ottawa, 27th April, 1859. The following is a copy of the Warrant issued in lieu of the Irish Warrant : To all to whom it may concern and more particularly to the Knights and Knights Companions of the Royal, Exalted, Religious and Military Order of MASONIC KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Health, Peace, Good Will. Whereas, we, Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master of the said Order in England and Wales have received a Petition from Sir Knight Thomas B. Harris, Robert J. Hamil- ton, M. F. Shaler, H. D. Munroe, William Mercer Wilson, Dou»al Mc- Innes and others, surrendering a Warrant dated the 18th day of October 1855, from the Supreme Grand Encampment of High Knights Templars o'f Ireland, empowering them to hold an Encampment at Hamilton, Canada West, requesting us to grant a Warrant or Patent of Constitution, em- powering them to hold an Encampment of Masonic Knights Templars at Hamilton, Canada West aforesaid, under the Supreme Grand Cordon of England and Wales. Now know ye that, we having taken the said Petition into our con- sideration, do hereby Grant and Confirm to the said Thomas B Harris Robert J Hamilton, M. F. Shaler, H. D. Munroe, Dougal Mclnnes,' W lluam Mercer \\ llson— and the other petitioning Knights and their suc- cessors, full power and authority to assemble at the said City of Hamilton Canada West, on the first Friday in every month in every year and at such other place and times as they and their successors with the consent of us and our successors for the time being shall appoint, and there and then to hold an Encampment of Masonic Knights Templars under the name, style or title of Godfrey de Bouillon, with such rank and pre-emi nence in the Order as if these Presents bore date the J 8th day of October, 1855, and Instal Knights Companions of the Order, and use and enjoy all such other powers, privileges, prerogatives and immunities as do of an cient usage and right belong to regular established Encampments holding Warrants under the Grand Conclave of Masonic Knights Templars in Ena° land and Wales. Subject, nevertheless, to the ancient Statutes and Ordi- nances of our predecessors and to such Statutes and Ordinances as have been or may hereafter be enacted by us or our successors in our Grand and Royal Conclave for the good government of the said Order And we do hereby appoint and confirm Sir Knight William Mercer Wilson the Eminent Commander, and Sir Knights Thos. B. Harris and Dougal Mc- KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 69 limes respectively, the first and second Captains commanding columns of the said Encampment until another Eminent Commander shall be regu- larly elected and installed in ancient form and invested with the dignities and powers of office. Given at Halswell in the County of Somerset, under our hand and the Great Seal of this Order, this Fifteenth day of June, A. L. 5862, A. D. 1859, A. 0. 741. Witness to the Signature of the Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master, Fr. WILLI A.M STUART, Deputy Grand Master. Fr. JOHN MASSON, Grand Chancellor. Annexed to this Warrant was a special permit from the Pro- vincial Grand Commander permitting the Preceptory to confer the Ked Cross Degree. To the E. C. of the Godfrey de Bouillon Encampment of Knights Tem- plars, &c, Sir Knight Frater McCracken, of Hamilton, Canada West. By the authority vested in me as Provincial Grand Commander and Grand Prior of the Orders of the M. Knights Templars, and Knights of Malta, &c, I hereby authorize you of the Godfrey de Bouillon Encamp- ment held in the City of Hamilton, to confer the Degree of " Knight of the Sword and East and West," known in the Encampment of the United States as " Knights of the Red Cross, " on all members of your Encamp- ment who may wish to receive it. W. J. B. MacL. Moore, " Provincial Grand Commander, and P.G. Prior of the Order of the Temple and Malta for Canada. Given under my hand this 27th day of October, 1855, of the City of Ottawa, C. W. I will request the Provincial Grand Chancellor to furnish you with a fair copy sealed and with the Grand Commander's Seal — this will answer vour purpose for the present. J X W. J. B. MaoLEOD MOORE. CHAPTER XII. The Fourth and Fifth Annual Assemblies or the Provincial Conclave — Birth of the " Godfrey de Bouillon " of Hamilton — Thb " Malta " Degree Authorized — Discussion on the 'Red Cross '. ( HE proceedings of the Fourth Annual Assembly of the Provincial Conclave were enlivened with the welcome news that another Encampment had been added to the roll. The Provincial Grand Commander announced at the Assembly of the Provincial Conclave, which was held at Kingston, on the 15th July following, that a warrant had been received from the most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master, constituting the " Godfrey de Bouil- lon " Encampment at Hamilton, which had been applied for by him on the 28th April preceding, — this Encampment to take rank from the date of the surrendered Irish Warrant, Oct. 25th, 1855. The petitioning Knights, Fratres Wm. Mercer Wilson and T. B. Harris being present, were installed in the rank of Em- inent Commander andPast Eminent Commander, respectively, of the said Encampment. At this Provincial Conclave the proceedings of the Grand Conclave of England, held on the 11th May, 1859, were read, from which it appears that the following Canadian Fratres held office in the Grand Conclave : "V. E. Frater W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, Provincial Grand Commander. V.E. Frater Jas. A. Henderson, Past Dep. Sub Prior and Representative of Grand Conclave to the Most Eminent Grand Master and Grand Encampment of the United States. E. Frater Thos. D. Harington, Grand Sub Prior. E. Frater Thos. G. Ridout, Grand Chamberlain. Frater Thompson Wilson, 1st Grand Standard Bearer. Frater J. H. Rowan, 2nd Grand Standard Bearer. The following resolution was unanimously adopted, that V. E. Frater Philip C. Tucker, of Mount Calvary Encampment, Middleburgh, Vermont, U.S., and the V. E. Frater Robert Mor- MALTA DEGREE AUTHORIZED. 71 ris, Encampment No. 10, Hickman, Kentucky, U.S., be and are hereby elected Honorary Members of this Provincial Grand Conclave, with the rank accorded by the Provincial Grand Commander of Provincial Grand Sub Prior. , The V.E. the Provincial Grand Commander, invested the office-bearers for the next term. , During the year the following circular was issued to the Encampments in the Province in relation to the Order of Knights of Malta : Office of the Provincial Grand Commander Of Masonic Knighls Templars of Canada. Ottawa, Canada West, 5th April, 1859, and of month " Tiar," A.O., HI. " The Eminent Commanders of Encampments under this jurisdiction are hereby notified that they are authorized to confer in their Encamp- ments, on all regular Knights Templars, as an honorary degree, that of Masonic Knights of Malta. Until of late years the combined Orders of the Temple and St. John of Jerusalem or Malta 1 , were conferred in the English, and are still in the Scottish, Irish and United States Encamp- ments. " This Degree commemorates the union of » branch of the Ancient Military Order of St. John, joining with the Templar Knights as Masons, during the latter part of the sixteenth century, and preserves and trans- mits the knowledge of their origin from the chivalric head of this Order of Knighthood, which obtained possession of the Island of Malta in 1530, and were known as Knights of Malta. They still exist in England as an incorporated body, unconnected with the Masonic branch. , " The proper form of reception can be obtained by Eminent Command- ers and Past Eminent Commanders of the Order of the Temple (who have already received the degree) on application to this office, or that of the Provincial Grand Chancellor, Frater Samuel Deadman Fowler, Kings- ton, Canada West. " It is to be understood that in conferring this degree it is not to be mixed with the Templar ritual, our present venerated and esteemed Supreme Grand Master Frater C. Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, on his elec- tion, having only assumed authority over the Order of the Temple as a distinct body. " Eminent Commanders will be pleased to make their own By-laws and Regulations for the government of this degree of Knights of Malta, al- ways being guided by that of the Templar Order. " This Circular to be read in open Encampment. " W. J. B. MacLEOD MOORE, " Provincial Grand Commander of Masonic Knights Templars of Canada, under the Supreme Grand Conclave of England and Wales, and Grand Commander Masonic Knights of Malta. " \ seal > 72 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. The year 1860 appears to have gone by without the regular Annual Convocation, but on the 20th February, 1S61, A postponed General Assembly of the Provincial Grand Conclave was held at the Masonic Hall, Belleville, attended by the following Fratres : E. Fr. Samuel D. Fowler, as Provincial Grand Commander ; Fratres Rev. Jas. A. Preston, as Prelate ; Wm. B. Simpson, as 1st Captain ; A. A. Campbell, as 2nd Captain ; Thos. Bird Harris, as Chancellor ; W. H. Ponton, Expert ; With the representatives and members of the following En- campments : Hugh de Payens, Kingston ; Richard Cceur de Lion, London; Godfrey de Bouillon, Hamilton. The recommendation of the V.E. Provincial Grand Commander to consider the propriety of introducing the Order or Degree of Knights of the Sword, or Red Cross of Babylon, to assimi- late with the Degree required in the United States as a pre-re- quisite to the Templar Order, was then discussed, when, on motion, it was referred to the Deputy Grand Commander to report on at the next meeting. A resolution of condolence and regret in connection with the decease of the Supreme Grand Master, Most Eminent Frater Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, was submitted and adopted. It reads as follows: " That the Provincial Grand Conclave acknowledges the great loss the Order of Masonic Knights Templar has sustained by the decease of the late Supreme Grand Master, the Most Eminent Frater Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, who has borne sway and presided over the Chivalric Order since the death of His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex and whilst ruled with dignity ; has prospered and increased under his fostering care, and that the Provincial Grand Conclave do wear mourning for the space of three months." There was also read a circular of condolence issued by the Most Eminent Sir Knight B. B. French, Grand Master of Knights Templars, United States, and dated 1st June, 1860, on the occasion of the death of the la,te V. E. Frater John Masson, Grand Chancellor of the Order in England. The Appointed and Elected Officers were duly installed and proclaimed. A petition for a new Encampment, to be held at Belleville, signed by the following Fratres, viz. : John Charles Franck, Alfred Argyle Campbell, William Hamilton Ponton, Rev. James A. Preston, Samuel Deadman Fowler, William Benjamin Simpson, George Frederick LaSerre, James Alexander Henderson, having been trans- A FIFTB ENCAMPMENT. 73 mitted by the Provincial Grand Commander to the Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master, he was pleased to grant a Warrant dated 7th June, A.L. 5865, A.D. 1861, A.O. 743, empowering the petitioning Fratres to open the " King Baldwin " Encampment in the town of Belleville ; that Frater J. C. Franck should be the First Eminent Commander, A. A Campbell the 1st First Captain, and W. H. Ponton the 1st Second Captain, and that the meetings of the said Encamp- ment should be held on the last Mondays of January, April, July and October. In consequence of which Frater S. D. Fowler, Deputy Grand Commander, assisted by the petitioning Fratres, and also Fratres Boyes, Parker, Bartlett and Kirkpatrick, of the Hugh de Payens Encampment, opened and consecrated the " King Baldwin " Encampment, and installed the Eminent Commander J. C. Franck, and the other officers, on Monday, the 26th Aug., ,A. D. 1861. CHAPTER XIII. The Sixth Annual Assembly op the Provincial Conclave — Death or a Templar Pioneer— Fees op Honour — Alterations to the Statutes — The Grand Commander's Address — Interesting and Important Features. HE Town Hall of St. Catharines witnessed the next annual assembly of the Provincial Conclave, which was held on the 10th and 11 th days of July, 1862, and was remarkable chiefly for the several import- ant features brought forward in the address of the Provincial Grand Commander, the salient points in which are herewith given. There were pre- sent at this Convocation the V. Em. Frater W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, Provincial Grand Commander, V. E. Frater T. D. Harington, E. Fratres G. F. La- Serre,, J. C. Franck, A. DeGrassi, Francis Richardson, Thos. B. Harris and other Fratres, members of the various En- campments under the jurisdiction. The Provincial Grand Commander, in the opening paragraphs of his address, re- ferred feelingly to the death of Em. Frater Thos. Gibbs Rid- out, "a Mason good and true, a high and honorable Brother, whose moral worth and kindness of heart will long be re- membered by the Craft in Canada." The Grand Commander's address proceeded as follows : " On motion made by mo through the Yice Grand Chancellor, and brought before the Committee for General Purposes, in London, on the 7th February last, authority was given by Grand Conclave, to all Pro- vincial Grand Conclaves, to regulate without limitation their own fees of honor, and it was likewise conceded that Provincial Grand Commanders in the Colonies should have the power of granting dispensations for new Warrants. It will therefore be necessary for you to name the amount of fees, and to make such alterations in the Rules of this Provincial Grand Conclave as regards the sums payable by Encampments and Sir Knights, as also for Dispensations and Warrants, it appearing to me that the charges now made are, in some cases, too extravagant. " It is also desirable to take into consideration whether it would not be advisable for this Provincial Grand Conclave to hold their Annual Con- GRAND COMMANDER'S ADDRESS. 75 vocation when Grand Lodge or Grand Chapter meets and at the same place. " With respect to the costume adopted by us, I would submit for your decision that in the case of newly installed Fratres and joining Knights from other jurisdictions, it should not be imperative on them to procure the additional costume, but simply the one provided for by the Statutes of the Grand Conclave of the Order. " In reply to my request for authority to confer the Order of Knights of Malta, the Grand Chancellor informed me that the Order of Knights of Malta, called also Rltodes and of Palestine, or Knights of St. John of Jeru- salem, has always been under the supreme authority of Grand Conclave, and worked according to the ritual furnished me by the late Very Emi- nent Frater J Henry Emly, the former Grand Chancellor. All Eminent Commanders in this jurisdiction will, therefore, consider themselves as authorized to confer this Order under their Templar Warrant. " I may here point out that the custom in other jurisdictions of ad- dressing members of the Order with the^we/Kco/Sir'tothe Christian name, as Sir William, Sir John, Sir Henry, &c, &c, is more like an assumption of courtly Knighthood than that of simply styling them ' Sir Knight,' followed by the Surname, as adopted by us, but Frater and Fratres ap- pear to be the most correct term, and should be always used when the Equerries are addressed. " With reference to the preliminary Degree of Knight of the Sword and East, or Babylonish Pass, known in the United States as ' Red Cross,' and of which their Grand Encampments insist that every Companion should be in possession before he can obtain admission to a Knights Tem- plar Encampment, I pointed out to Committee of Grand Conclave sitting in February last, the necessity of obtaining an authority to confer it under our Templar Warrants. The Grand Vice-Chancellor communicated to me that the Committee resolved, that in consequence of the Statutes of the Order being silent as regards this Degree, (though conferred by some old Encampments in England,) I was to use my own discretion in the waiter. I have, therefore, carefully examined the Ritual of the ' Red Cross ' used in the United States, as also that of the ' Knights of the Sword,' East, and East and West, as given under the Templar Warrants of Ireland, and the Royal Arch Chapters of Scotland, — being, in fact, the same Degree as that of the 'fifteenth' of the 'Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite,' and ' sixth ' of the French ; and consider the Ritual used in Scotland and Ireland the one best adapted for us, it appearing to be the original De- gree from which that of the ' Red Cross ' of the United States is taken ; in the latter there seem to be a few inconsistencies, and it has been al- tered from the original (although not in essentials) to suit their own peculiar mode of working. "In Scotland and Ireland it is not insisted upon as a pass to the Templar, Royal Arch Masons being alone eligible ; why it should have been in any way mixed up with the Order of the Temple is difficult to ex- plain, as the Degree is only a combination of the Royal Arch commemo- rating the dangers encountered by the Jews in building the second Temple, and being of Jewish and Persian origin, has no connection what- ever with the Christian Order of Knight Templar. The only Order known in Palestine during the time of the Crusades by the name of ' Red Cross Knights,' was that of the ' Templar ;' therefore to call the Degree of Knights of the Sword, East, and East and West, Red Cross Knights, is evidently incorrect. I do not consider that it is at all requisite, but as our neighboring Grand Encampments insist upon its being the prelimin- 76 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. ary step and pass to their Templar Order, it will be proper to confer it, or, at least, as much as may be found necessary to ensure the admission without difficulty of Canadian Templars into their Encampments. I may mention that the Knights Templars were never a Masonic Society, and had no connection with it until after the dispersion of the Order, and not even then until secret societies were prohibited, when at the revival of the Order they sought shelter in the Masonic Fraternity as of a higher grade in Freemasonry. With the exception of the three Degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry, including the Mark Master or Master of Fellow Craft's Lodge, and probably the Past or Chair Master, I believe that all other Degrees are of modern origin, grafted on the original stock during the last century.'' At the second day's session of the Conclave a number of proposed alterations in the Statutes were discussed and adopted, among which were the following : — " That the Provincial Grand Conclave shall be held annually at the same place as the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Canada, etc. " That the following alterations be made in the fees of honour : — Very Em. Prov. Grand Commander. . . .$5.00 (five dollars.) Provincial Grand Prior 3.00 (three " ) Sub-Prior 2.00 (two " ) Prelate 0,00 No fee. Provincial Grand 1st Captain 2.00 (two " ) " 2nd Captain 2.00 (two " ) All others, each 1.50 (one-and-half dollars.) And on promotion : Provincial Grand 2nd Captain, and above that rank, two dollars ; under that rank, no fee. It was also resolved to add to this clause of the Statutes that " Eminent Commanders of Encampments will furnish the Pro- vincial Grand Chancellor, one month before the annual convo- cation of Provincial Grand Conclave, for the selection of the V. E. the Provincial Grand Commander, the names of such Sir Knights, members of their Encampments, as may- wish to hold office in Provincial Grand Conclave." The Statutes were also amended, in that " The fee to Provincial Grand Conclave, for every dispensa- tion to form a new Encampment by the Provincial Grand Commander, shall be Si (four dollars.) Upon the approval of the Provincial Grand Commander, and on his recommendation that a Warrant or Patent of confirmation be granted by the Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master, a further sum of $2 (two dollars) shall be payable to the funds of the Provin- FEES TO BE COLLECTED. 77 cial Grand Conclave. This is in addition to the fee of five (5) guineas required by the Statutes of the Order." Prior to adjournment the Degrees (or points) of Knight of the Sword, East, and East and West, were conferred by the V. E. the Grand Commander on such of the Fratres present as had not previously received them. CHAPTER XIV. The Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Annual Assemblies — Certificates of Appointment — The Expenses of Grand Conclave — Recog- nition op Templar Jewels by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter. 'N accordance with the resolution passed at the previous Annual Assembly at St. Catharines, the sixth Annual Provincial Grand Conclave met in 1863 at Toronto, on the 12th August, the same time and place as the meeting of the Grand R. A. Chapter of Canada, but the attendance does not appear to have been augmented on that account. Those who are recorded as being present were V. E. Frater W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, Prov. Grand Commander ; V. E. Frater T. D. Harington ; Em. Frs. Thompson Wilson, and T. B. Harris ; Fratres C. D. Macdonnell, James Seymour, William Reid, James Foreman, and Fratres from the several Encampments from Kingston, Toronto, Quebec, London, and Hamilton. But little business of moment was accomplished at this as- sembly. The Prov. Grand Commander made the announcement that the business of the Order in Canada would, in the event of his absence or illness, bs conducted by his Deputy V. E. Frater T. D. Harington, who in such case would assume all the rights and prerogatives. A Patent to this effect was sub- sequently issued, by the Prov. Grand Commander and read at the next annual Assembly which was held at Quebec. It was decided that forms of Certificate of Appointment, under seal, should be prepared and delivered by the Provincial Grand Chancellor to each officer on payment of " the small fee of honor" of one dollar. Returns from the several subordinate Encampments were .ordered to be called for, but dues payable by them to the Provincial Grand Conclave we're not to be ex- acted, being declared to be abolished, the future expenses of the Provincial Grand Conclave to be defrayed by the fees of honor, and if these were not sufficient, each Encampment to be equally assessed for the amount required. The Fratres were SEVENTH ANNUAL ASSEMBLY. 79 informed that the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Canada has formally recognized as honorary jewels to be worn thereat, those of the Orders of Knight Templar and of Malta. The appointed and elected Officers were installed and pro- claimed. Later in the year a petition to form a new Encampment at Montreal was received from the undermentioned Fratres and recommended by V. E. Fr. T. D. Harington, Deputy Prov. Grand Commander, to be called the " Richard Coeur de Lion " En- campment, to meet on the fourth Thursday of each month, nominating Frater A. A. Stevenson to be first Eminent Com- mander, Frater Robert Alex. Smith to be First Captain, and Frater Arthur Robert Sowdon Second Captain. PETITIONERS. R. A. Smith, " Godfrey de Bouillon," Hamilton. G. R. Brewster, A. A. Stevenson, " " Geo. EnEarl, A. R. Sowdon, " Sinclair" Commandery, Port Huron, Mich. I. H. Stearns, "Trinity," No. 1. Manchester, N. H. W. L.Mackenzie, " Godfrey de Bouillon," Hamilton. Dated 30th Nov., 1863. t In compliance with this petition the V. E. the Provincial Grand Commander, W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, granted, at To- ronto, a Dispensation to open this Encampment on the 3rd December, 1863, until a regular Warrantor Patent was granted (or otherwise) by the Supreme Grand Conclave of England, &c. Among those present at the Seventh Annual Assembly of the Provincial Grand Conclave, which was held on the 10th day of August, 1864, in the Masonic Hall, City of Quebec, were Fratres Thos. D. Harington, Deputy Provincial Grand Com- mander, as Provincial Grand Commander ; Thos. B. Harris, as Provincial 1st Captain ; Jas. Seymour, as Provincial Grand 2nd Captain; C. D. Macdonnell, Grand Chancellor, as Registrar; Geo. Smith, as Grand Almoner; Patrick Loughran, as Grand Captain of Lines ; Phillip St Hill, as Grand Expert ; Joseph V. R. Roy, as Giand 1st Herald; L. E, Dufour, as Grand 2nd Herald ; Wm. Wilkinson, as Grand Equerry ; and r Fraters from Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton and Quebec. Beyond the customary election and installation of officers, nothing seems to have transpired at the session worthy of re- cord. When the Provincial Grand Conclave met in their Eighth 80 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Annual Assembly the next year, viz : on the 9th of August, 1865, in the Masonic Hall at Prescott, the Grand Commander witnessed a representation that testified forcibly to the grow- ing popularity of the Order in Canada, and the increasing inter- est taken in it by its members. There were present : — V. E. Frater Wm.J.B. MacLeod Moore, Provincial Grand Commander; V. E. Fratres T. D. Harington, Thos. B. Harris, John C. Franck, Rev. Jas. A. Preston, Thompson Wilson, Samuel D. Fowler, Chas. I). Macdonnell, William B. Simpson, Alex. S. Kirk- patrick, L. H. Henderson, Thos. McCracken, James Seymour, A. DeGrassi, George EnEarl, John W. Murton, Isaac H. Stearns, Wm. M. Jamieson, Joseph J. Curran, Benjamin Evans. The " Hugh de Payens " Encampment, Kingston ; the " William de la More the Martyr," Quebec ; the " Geoffrey de St. Aldemar," Toronto ; the " Godfrey de Bouillon," Hamilton : the " Richard Coeur de Lion," London ; the " King Baldwin," Belleville ; the " Richard Coeur de Lion," Montreal, all of the Encampments under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand Conclave being represented. The Provincial Grand Commander announced that he had conferred on Em. Sir Knight Alfred Creigh, LL.D., Grand Recorder of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templars of the State of Pennsylvania, the rank of Past Provincial Deputy Grand Prior of this Provincial Grand Conclave, and a letter acknowledging the receipt of the Patent and expressing thanks therefor, was read from Dr. Creigh. The Statutes requiring that the rank of Commander should be held by a Frater holding the office of Provincial Grand Chancellor, or Vice-Chancellor, the Grand Conclave was in- formed that a Patent had been issued, which ante-dated the rank of Commander, held by Frater Charles Davis Macdonnell, to the 16th July, 1854. The scale of honor fees and the regulations governing the issue of certificates to Grand Officers, present and past, were readjusted by resolution. Frater L. H. Henderson was installed Eminent Commander of " King Baldwin " Encampment of Belleville, and a committee was appointed to enquire what amount, if any, was due the ' ■ Hugh de Payens' " Encampment, of Kingston, for jewels loan- ed to the Provincial Grand Conclave. The officers were then installed in office. CHAPTER XV. The Ninth and Tenth Annual Assemblies or the Provincial Con- clave — A Visitor from England —Another New Encampment — The Outlook for the Order in the Early Days of the Dominion. EERE was no falling off apparently in the healthy symptoms which exhibited themselves the preced- ing year at Prescott, when on the 15th of August, 1866, the ninth annual Provincial Conclave again mat in the Town of St. Catharines. There were present at this Assembly, V. E. Frater Colonel W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, the Provincial Grand Commander ; Fratres — Thos. B. Harris, Wm. Benj. Simpson, Henry Robertson, Thompson Wilson, Chas. D. Macdonnell, L. H. Henderson, James Seymour, W. M. Jamieson, A. G. Smyth, H. W. Day, Joseph J. Curran, Edwin Goodman, David Curtis, William Reid, and Fratres from most of the En- campments in the jurisdiction. There was also present on this occasion as a visitor, Eminent Sir Knight E. H. Royds, Vice- Ohancellor, St. Amand Encampment, Worcester, England. The Statutes of the Provincial Grand Conclave were referred for examination and revision to the following Committee :— Fratres W. J.B. MacLeod Moore, T. D. Harington, T. B. Harris, Wilson Thompson and C. D. Macdonnell. The following Resolution appears in the records of this As sembly, and is probably the first instance of the kind coming before the Canadian Fratres : — " That whereas a stranger re- presenting himself a Sir Knight, in distressed circumstances has applied to this Provincial Grand Conclave for relief, that the amount of alms collected at this Provincial Grand Assembly be presented to him." The Grand Commander announced that he had conferred the ranks of Past Provincial Deputy Grand Commander, and Past Provincial Deputy Grand Prior, on Fratres Thompson Wilson and William Mercer Wilson. 82 KNIGHTS TEMVLARS. A petition was read for a new Encampment in the Town of St. Catharines, Canada West, to be called the " Plantagenet," and to meet on the second Monday in the months of January, April, July and October, and nominating Frater James Sey- mour to be the first Eminent Commander, Frater Edwin Good- man to be First Captain, and Frater Theophilus Mack to be Second Captain. To the petition were appended the signatures of the following Fratres : — James Seymour, Edwin Goodman, Isaac Pemberton Willson, William McGhie, Jas. McKay, John Walter Murton, Thos. Bird Harris, all of " Godfrey de Bouillon " Encampment, and Theophilus Mack of " Lake Erie " Encamp- ment, New York. In compliance with the foregoing petition, the Prov. Grand Commander authorized a Dispensation to be issued to hold the Encampment until a Warrant of confirmation was received from England. Frater James Seymour, the Eminent Commander named in the Petition, being present, expressed a desire to be installed, and the Provincial Grand Commander was pleased to accede to his request. In this year a new Encampment and Priory at Stanstead, in the Eastern Townships, was established. The petitioners desired thename " Plantagenet," but as the Preceptory at St. Catharines was so-called, the name " Sussex " was adopted. -Frater Colby, of Stanstead, was the first Eminent Preceptor. On the 14th August, 1867, the new capital of the new Do- minion saw the tenth yearly gathering of the Provincial Grand Conclave, which now numbered under its jurisdiction seven Encampments in actual operation, viz. — " Hugh de Pay ens " of Kingston, " Godfrey de Bouillon " of Hamilton, " Richard Cceur de Lion," of London ; " Richard Cceur de Lion/' of Mon- treal ; " Plantagenet," of St. Catharines, and " Plantagenet," of Stanstead. The latter, which at this time existed under Dis- pensation, changed its name subsequently when it received its Warrant, and has ever since been known as "Sussex." All the pe- titioning Fratres of this Encampment, whose first Commander was Frater Colby, were installed in United States Comman- deries. In addition to the V. E. Fratres Col. W. J. B. Mac- Leod Moore, Prov. Grand Commander, and T. D. Harington, his deputy, the following Fratres answered their names at this Conclave : — Thos. B. Harris, James H. Rowan, W. S. May, A A. Steven- son, James Seymour, A. S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Macdonnell, L. H. Henderson, John W. Murton, Wrn. M. Jamieson, Edward Curtis, TENTH ANNUAL ASSEMBLY. 83 Philip Hill, William Reid, I. H. Stearns, Henry Robertson, A. G. Smyth, Geo. EnEarl, etc. The Provincial Grand Commander, in his address, referred in felicitous terms to the confederation of the Canadian Provinces and the meeting of the Provincial Grand Conclave in the capi- tal city of the Dominion for the first time since its formation, twelve years previously. He submitted that the change in the political complexion of the country would necessitate an appli- cation to the Supreme Body to appoint a Colonial Deputy Grand Master with power to appoint Provincial Grand Con- claves under him for the different Provinces of the Dominion. Two of the Canadian Encampments, which had become in- active, he refers to as follows : — The Warrant of the " William de la More the Martyr " Encampment, of Quebec, is in the hands of the Deputy Grand Commander Frater Har- ington, who, for reasons satisfactorily explained to me, did not consider it expedient to leave the warrant in Quebec, or again open the Encamp- ment there ; and now I leave it optional with him to transfer the warrant to Ottawa, opening it again under his immediate rule in the Capital of the New Dominion. I regret to say that the once flourishing Encampment, the " Geoffrey de St. Aldemar," of Toronto, is obsolete, having unfor- tunately lost by fire the greater part of its documents and property. I wish here to remark that the last Eminent Commander of this Encamp- ment has not complied with the terms on which he received the Warrant at his Installation, not having returned it to me when the Encampment ceased to exist, which it is necessary should be done wtihout further delay. In the matter of Ritual, the Grand Commander said : — " It is to be sincerely hoped that ere long the whole Templar Order will, as of old, be united and bound together by the same ritual, the same landmarks and Christian principles. The ceremonies adopted in the United States Commanderies have for a number of years exhibited so many departures from the original Eitual, as extant in Europe, that their only safety is in returning to that fountain head where those cere- monies have so long continued uncorrupted and undefiled. To this de- sirable end, Frater Alfred Creigh, LL. D., Grand Recorder and Historiographer of the Grand Encampment, of Pennsylvania, and an honorary Past Deputy Grand Commander of the Provincial Grand Con- clave, has been with his pen ably advocating the adoption of the English Eitual in all the Encampments of the United States, clearly pointing out in his History of the Order, lately published, that the Eitual in use with them is not the original one brought from England, and that the innova- tion, in fact, total change of the ceremony of reception, was made by Frater Thcmas Smith Webb, styled the 'Father of American Free- masonry,' and other innovators, at the commencement of the present century. He agrees with me that the degree known as the ' Red Cross ' in the United States, and so much insisted upon as the preliminary one to the Templar, is another innovation of Webb's, taken from the fifteenth 84 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. degree of the 'Ancient and Accepted Bite,' and has no connection whatever with the Christian Orders of Knighthood. As such it is un- known and ignored in the Encampments of England, although its peculiar ceremonies are permitted in Canada, to prevent any difficulty in visiting the Encampments of the United States. " The revival of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, known as ' Knights of Malta,' is now fully established. This Order is governed by its own rules and rites, " being quite distinct from that of the Temple." He urged that steps be at once taken to attach a Priory of Malta to ail our Templar Encampments." The Grand Commander announced that the Grand Master in England, appreciating the zeal and regularity which prevailed amongst the Order in Canada, had authorized him to raturn the names of such Canadian Fratres as he might select for the highest ranks in Grand Conclave — brevet, or past rank, only could be conferred, as the holding of office involved the atten- dance of the recipient at Grand Conclave in London He also announced that he had received a petition from members of the Scottish Order of the Temple in New Bruns- wick, to grant them a Dispensation to open an Encampment and Priory at St. John, but, says the Grand Commander : — " It appears in Grand Conclave Proceedings that there is a Pro- vincial Grand Commander for Nova Scotia and New Bruns- wick, &c, &c, although I am led to believe he does not hold active jurisdiction." Acting on the suggestion contained in the Grand Commander's address, the Grand Conclave adopted the following resolution : " That the V. E. Provincial Grand Commander, the Deputy Grand Commander and the Provincial Grand Prior, be request- ed to correspond with the Supreme Grand Conclave of Eng- land and Wales, and to express to that Supreme Body the de- sire of the Sir Knights of these Provinces that a Supreme Grand Conclave should be formed for the Dominion of Canada, with the V. E. the Provincial Grand Commander as the first Grand Master ; and that the Committee above named be also re- quested to ascertain on what basis the object of this resolution can be most speedily and satisfactorily attained." The Grand Commander announced in Grand Conclave that he had conferred on Eminent Sir Knight Thomas Bird Harris, Provincial Grand Prior, the brevet rank of a Past Deputy Provincial Grand Commander and Past Deputy Provincial Grand Prior. The usual election of Treasurer and Equerry having been announced, they, with the other officers selected by the Grand Commander, were installed. SUCCESSION OF GRAND OFFICERS FROM ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1S55 TO ITS ERECTION INTO A GRAND PRIORY IN 1868. Prov. Grand Commander Deputy Prov. Grand Commander . . Prov. Grand Prior Prov. Grand Sub-Prior Prov. Grand Prelate Prov. Grand 1st Captain Prov. Grand 2nd Captain Prov. Grand Chancellor Prov. Grand Vice-Chancellor Prov. Grand Kegistrar Prov. Grand Treasurer Prov. Grand Chamberlain Prov. Grand Hospitaller Prov. Grand Expert 1st Prov. Grand Standard Bearer. . 2nd Prov. Grand Standard Bearer.. Prov. Grand Almoner 1st Prov. Grand Aide-de-camp 2nd Prov. Grand Aide-de-camp Prov. Grand Dir. of Ceremonies.. . . Prov. Grand Captain of Lines lBt Prov. Grand Herald 2nd Prov. Grand Herald Prov. Grand Sword Bearer Prov. Grand Equerry 1855. W. J. B. MacL. Moore Tames A. Henderson Col. Alex. Gordon, R. E. . . . Rev. F. .1. Lundy, D. C. L. Samuel B. I human T. D. Harington S. D. Fowler S. D. Fowler... James Fitzgibbon . T. G. Ridout F. Richardson E. W. Palmer George Duggan J. G. Howard F. W. Cumberland . W. G. Storm John Kerr W. M. Jameiaon . , James H. Rowan 1856-7. 1858. W. J. B. MacL. Moore. James A. Heuderson Samuel B. Harman T. D. Harington T.G. Ridout S. Staples Finden F. Richardson S. D. Fowler S. D. Fowler.... . E. P. Palmer James Fitzgibbon . . Thompson Wilson. . George Duggan J. G. Howard James Hill Rowan . W. G. Storm John Kerr A. H. Gibson. F. W. Cumberland . . Alfred A. Campbell. W. H. Ponton N. Bethune, M. D... W. M. Jameison A. H. Gibson W. J. B. MacL. Moore. Samuel 1 '. Harman T. D. Harington T. G. Ridout W. Mercer Wilson Thompson Wilson James Hill Rowan S. D. Fowler F. Richardson F. Richardson G. F. LaSerre F. W. Cumberland W. G. Storm G. W. Whitehead W. R. Harris Thomas Ridout S. Bethune, M. D J. C. Franck James Daniel W. B. Simpson. . J. Kipp. Brown. William Moore . . J. Nickinson James Foreman . 1 s.v.i at. W..T. B. MacL. Moore. T. D. Harington T. G. Ridout F. Richardson W. Mercer Wilson John Kerr S. D. Fowler W. B. Simpson W.B.Simpson G. F. LaSerre W. M. Jameison W. G. Storm G. W. Whitehead W. R. Harris Thomas Ridout N. Bethune, M. D J. C. Franck W. F. McMaster.. Joseph Jackes .... G. K. Brown William Muir John Boyes James Foreman. . 1861. W„J. B. MacL. Moore. S. D. Fowler Thompson Wilson W. Mercer Wilson Rev. Jam ps A. Preston. William Hay.' G. F. LaSerre W. B. gimpsom J. C. Franck J. C. Franck John K«rr Thomas B. Harris Thomas Ridout W. R. Harris C. McGill A. DeGrassi J. Nickinson D. Mclunis W. F. McMaster Joseph Jackes P. J. Worthington F. W. Thomas John Boyes P. McMullen 1862. W. J. B. MacL. Moore S. D. Fowler W. G. Storm T. Bird Harris Rev. James A. Preston. G. F. LaSerre J. C. Franck W. B. Simpson A. S. Kirkpatrick A. S. Kirkp itrick John Kerr C Magill Thomas Ridout T. McCraken D. Mclnnes W. Muir A. DeGrassi Joseph Jackes W. H. Ponton W. Daniel J. W. Murton P. J. Worthington F. W. Thomas C. J. Stanley T. F. McMullen 1863. W. J. B. MacL. Moore T. D. Harington T. Bird Harris J. C. Franck Rev. James A. Preston James Hill Rowan . A. A. Campbell C. D. Macdonnell A. S. Kirkpatrick J. D. Warren John Kerr T. McCraken William Muir A. DeGrassi W. H. Ponton W. Daniel J. W. Murton William Press C.J. Sterling William Reid D. G. Jones James Seymour , W. F. McMaster T. F. Lecount T. F. McMullen 1861. W. J. B. MacL. Moore T. D. Harington T. Bird Harris J. C. Franck Rev. James A. Preston James H ill Rowan A. A . Stevenson . . . . C. D. Macdonnell A. S. Kirkpatrick J. D. Warren John Kerr T. McCraken James Seymour A. DeGra«si G. Smith G. EnEarl •T. W. Murton P. Langhram P.St. Hill William Reid H. E. Swales Edwin Goodman .... Joseph V. R. Roy J. C. Dufour W. Wilkinson SUCCESSION OF GRAND OFFICERS FROM ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1855 TO ITS ERECTION INTO A GRAND PRIORY IN 1868. 0. L.... W. J. B. MacL. Moore. James A. Heuderaon Samuel B. Harman T. D. Harington T. G. Ridout S. Staples Finden F. I ; i 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 . v 1 1 S. D. Fowler 1850-7. S. D. Fowler.... . K. P. Palmer James Fitzgibbon . . Thompson Wilson. . George Duggan J. G. Howard James Hill Rowan . W. G. Storm John Kerr 1S.-..S. F. W. Cumberland . . Alfred A. Campbell. W. H. Ponton N. Bethnne, M. D . . . W. M. Jameison A. H. Gibson W. J. B. MaoL. Moore. Samuel I'.. Harman T. D. Harington T. G. Ridout W. Mercer Wilson Thompson Wilson James Hill Rowan S. D. Fowler .. F. Richardson F. Richardson G. F. LaSerre F. W. Cumberland W. G. Storm G. W. Whitehead W. R. Harris Thomas Ridout N. Bethune, M. D J. C. Franck James Daniel . . . . W. B. Simpson . . J. Kipp. Brown. William Moore. . J. Nickinson James Foreman . . W. J. B. MacL. Moore. T. D. Harington T. G. Ridout 1859-60. F. Richardson W. Mercer Wilson. . . . John Kerr S. D. Fowler W. B. Simpson W. B. Simpson G. F. LaSerre W. M. Jameison W. G. Storm G. W. Whitehead.... W. R Harris Thomas Ridout N. Bethune, M. D.... J. C. Franck W. F. McMaster.. Joseph Jackes G. K. Brown William Muir John Boyes James Foreman. . 1861. W V J. B. MacL. Moore. S. D. Fowler Thompson Wilson W. Mercer Wilson Kev. James A. Preston. William Hay G. F. LaSerre W. B. Simpsom J. C. Franck J. C. Franck John Kerr Thomas B. Harris Thomas Ridout W. R. Harris C. McGlll A. Delirassi J. Nickinson D. Me Ionia W. F. McMaster.. Joseph Jackes P. J. Worthington. F. W. Thomas John Boyes T. McMullen 1862. W. J. B. MacL. Moore.. S. D. Fowler W. G. Storm T. Bird Harris Rev. James A. Preston .... G. F. LaSerre J. C. Franck W. B. Simpson A. S. Kirkpatrick A. S. Kirkpatrick John Kerr C Magill Thomas Ridout T. McCraken D. Mclnnes W. Muir A. DeGrassi Joseph Jackes W. H. Ponton W. Daniel J. W. Murton P. J. Worthington F. W. Thomas C. J. Stanley T. F. McMullen 1863. W. J. B. MacL. Moore. T. D. Harington T. Bird Harris J. C. Franck Rev. James A. Preston . James Hill Kowan A. A. Campbell C. D. Macdonnell A. S. Kirkpatrick J. D. Warren John Kerr T. McCraken William Muir A. DeGrassi W. H. Ponton W. Daniel J. W. Murton William Press C.J. Sterling William Reid D. G. Jones James Seymour W. F. McMaster T. F. Lecount T. F. McMullen 1864. W. J. B. MacL. Moore. T. D. Harington T. Bird Harris J. C. Franck Rev. James A. Preston. James Hill Rowan A. A. Stevenson C. D. Macdonnell A. S. Kirkpatrick J. D. Warren John Kerr T. McCraken James Seymour A. DeGrassi G. Smith G. EnEarl J. W. Murton P. Langhram P.St. Hill... William Reid H. E. Swales Edwin Goodman ....... Joseph V. R. Roy J. C. Dufour W. Wilkinson 1865. W. J. B. MacL. Moore T. D. Harington T. Bird Harris W. B. Simpson Rev. James A. Preston . . T. McCracken A. S. Kirkpatrick CD. Macdonnell S. S. Finden James Moffatt L. H. Henderson James Seymour A. DeGrassi G. EnEarl W. M. Jameison P. St. Hill J. W. Murton Robert Hunter Joseph J. Curren I. H. Stearns Benjamin Evans Edwin Goodman H. Poetter David Curtis W. W. Summers 1866. \V. J. B. Mad,. Moore.. T. D. Harin B ton T. Bird Harris W. B. Simpson Rev. James A. Preston . . T. McCraken S. S. Finden C. D. Macdonnell James Moffatt James Seymour 1867. W. J. B. MacL. Moore. T. D. Harington. J. C. Franck. C. D. Macdonnell. Rev, James A. Preston. James Seymour. E. H. Parker. T. Bird Harris. W. Edgar. L. H. Henderson. L. H. Henderson. J. W. Murton . . . W. M. Jameison. David Curtis Joseph J. Curren . Edwin Goodman. Wm. Reid H. Poetter B. E. Charlton . . I. H. Stearns H. W. Day H. Robertson W. Docter A G. Smith T. Graham I G. EnEarl. David Curtis. A. J. Smyth. H. Robertson. I. H. Steams. Theophilus Mack. Michael J. May. W. B. Colby. Eber. C. Flint. Ernest Beaufort. Isaac P. Willson. Wm. Reed. T. Holywell. CHAPTEK XVI. The First Meeting op the Grand Priory op the Dominion of Canada — A New Era in Canadian Templarism — Growing Importance op the Body — Notable Assembly in Montreal — The Grand Prior's Warrant. > HE progress of the Templar Order received an im- petus at this period of its existence. Eighteen hundred and sixty-eight is a year indelibly marked in the Templar mind as being not ^only the year of grace, but of promise for the formation of the Grand Priory of Canada, which led to new life in all branches of Templar work. When we look back to*the twenty years that have glided by so quickly, we can hardly realize the fact that the progress made has placed Can- ada in its Sovereign Priory as the peer of all Templar bodies in the world. , There dawned at this time upon Templarism in Canada a new and important era, when as a result of the resolution pass- ed at the previous, and what proved to be final, meeting as such, of the Provincial Grand Conclave, the following porten- tous document was received in June, 1868. COPY OP "GRAND PRIOR'S" PATENT. READ IN PROVINCIAL GRAND CONCLAVE. William Stuart, Grand. Master. To all and every our Eminent Commanders, and other Eminent Knights and Companions of the Royal, Exalted. Religious, and Military Order of Grand Elected Knights Templar Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes, and Malta. HEALTH. PEACE. GOODWILL. We Sir Knight William Stuart, Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master of the Most Exalted, Heligious and Military Order in England and Wales, and of the Colonial Denote, of theBnU.1 ^ £0™. ^ hereby appoint Sir Knight J Colonel WM. JAMES BURY MacL&UD 86 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. MOORE, Grand Prior of the Dominion of Canada, to be responsible to us and our successors for the proper discharge of his duties, in strict ob- servance of the Rites and Ceremonies established by our Predecessors, as well as the Statutes, Laws and Ordinances enacted for the good Govern- ment of the Order, for which purpose we enjoin each and every Knight of our Exalted Order, .within the above Dominion, cheerfully to obey the Commands of their Grand Prior, Whom God Preserve. In witness whereof, we have affixed our Signature and Grand Seal of the Order, this first day of May, A.L. 5872, A.D. 1868, A.O. 750. JOHN HUYSHE, [Seal.] Deputy Q-rand Master. JOSEPH LAVENDER, Gromd Registrar. The Grand Priory of the Dominion of Canada of the United Orders of the Temple and Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes, Malta, kc, &c., under the Supreme Grand Conclave of England and Wales, convened for the first time at the Templar's Hall, Great St. James Street, in Montreal, on Wednesday, the 12th August, 1868, with V. E. Frater Col. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, Grand Prior, on the Throne, V. E. Frater Thomas D. Harington, Deputy Grand Prior, and the following representatives from Encampments : " HUGH DE PATENS," KINGSTON. E.Frater Howard E. Swales, Em. Commander ; E.Frater C. D Macdonnell.Past Em.Commander ; E.Frater W.B.Simpson, Past Em. Commander; E. Frater R. Gaskin, E. Frater R. Town. " WILLIAM DE LA MOEE THE MARTYR," OTTAWA. V. E. Frater T. Douglas Harington, Em. Commander. " GODFREY DE BOUILLON," HAMILTON. V. E. Frater Thomas B. Harris, Past Em. Commander; E. Frater Henry Robertson, Past Em. Commander; E. Frater C. D. Macdonnell, E. Frater Geo. EnEarl, E. Frater C. A. Birge. " RICHARD CCEUR DE LION," LONDON. E. Frater Thompson Wilson, Past Em. Commander. " KING BALDWIN," BELLEVILLE. F rater L. H. Henderson, Past Em. Commander. INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE ADDRESS. 87 " RICHARD CCEUR DE LION," MONTREAL. Fratres A. A. Stevenson, Em. Commander, I. H. Stearns, Arthur Sowdon, Alex. Murray, Thos. Milton, Angelo M. F. Gianelli, William Muir, F. Montague Sowdon. " PLANTAGENET," ST. CATHARINES. E. Fratres James Seymour, Past Em. Commander, Alex. Servos. " SUSSEX," STANSTEAD. E. Frater W. B. Colby, Em. Commander. The Grand Prior, in his address, said : — " The year past, I feel assured, will be regarded as an important one in our history, consequent on the political changes which have taken place in Canada. Since our last annual Assembly I have been in frequent correspondence with the Grand Chancellor, Sir Patrick MacC. De Col- quhoun, and the recipient of most gratifying and interesting communica- tions relative to the administration of the Order in the Dominion. The Moat Eminent the Supreme Grand Master, who has at all times, by a uniform courtesy, shown himself most willing and anxious to meet our views and wishes by every concession in his power, has been pleased to confer upon me, as your chief officer, the style and dignity of ' Grand Prior ' of the Combined Orders of the Temple and Hospital for the Do- minion of Canada, made doubly more gratifying by presenting me, from himself, with the insignia of this high office. Canada will now become a Grand Priory, with the power of Self-Government, enacting Rules and Laws for the guidance of their own affairs, with which the Grand Con- clave does not interfere, or the Grand Master himself, when not contrary to the common Law and Statutes of the Order, " The Supreme Grand Master and Grand Conclave have decided that this Grand Priory be permitted to retain, for local purposes, half the fees and so much of the Benevolent Fund as is collected within its jurisdic- tion, which should be reserved for persons of recognized indigent position. The Grand Chancellor assures me that every effort will be made to carry out the administration of the Order to the general satisfaction of the Fratres. He has himself taken the matter into his own hands, and intro- duced a system of general responsibility which must ultimately prove per- fectly successful. It therefore becomes our duty to assist, by all means in our power, the Grand Chancellor in carrying out his views, and show every consideration to an honorary officer, who can have no other object at heart but the good of the Order. ' ' At the meeting of the Grand Conclave in May last, at London, the Committee, in their address to the Grand Master, referred to the Craft in Canada having separated from the parent stock and formed themselves into an independent body, and alluded to a leaning by our Order in the same direction, but congratulated us on remaining true to the old alle- giance. I perfectly agree with the Committee that any separation wou d but diminish the dignity of the Order in Canada, and be in no way beneficial. " I have recommended to the Grand Master, Frater Alfred Creigh, LL.D., Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment of Pennsylvania, (the 88 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. oldest Encampment in the United States), being appointed our represen- tative in the General Grand Encampment of the United States, and the Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Pennsylvania has forwarded me credentials to represent his Grand Encampment in our Grand Priory. " I have lately received an application fromFratres of the Order at St. John, N.B., to establish a subordinate Priory or Encampment there, but as I find a Scottish Preceptory in existence, and also an English Provin- cial Grand Master for Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the Hon. Alex. Keith, of Halifax, it will be necessary for me to inquire further into the matter of the application before taking action. " It is with regret that I have to inform you the ' King Baldwin ' En- campment of Belleville, has been struck off the roll, and the ' Geoffrey de St. Aldemar,' of Toronto, held in abeyance, both having for some time ceased to assemble or furnish returns to Grand Conclave. The Furniture, Warrant and Records of the former were totally destroyed by fire, that of the latter partially so — fortunately the Records and Warrant being pre- served, and exertions are now making for its revival. " I have great pleasure in announcing that, at my reeommendation, the following Fratres have been honored by the Grand Master with Past Rank in Grand Conclave, viz. : Frater John C. Franck, Provincial Grand Prior, to be a Past Grand Prior, and Frater Thomas Bird Harris, Past Provincial Deputy Commander and Provincial Grand Chancellor, to be a Past Grand Sub-Prior ; Frater Thomas McCracken, Provincial Grand 1st Captain, to be a Past Grand Sub-Prior, Frater Charles Davis Macdonnell, Provincial Grand Prior and Past Grand Chancellor, to be a Past Grand Sub-Prior, Frater Samuel Dead man Fowler, Past Provincial Deputy Com- mander, to be a Past Grand Sub-Prior ; Fratres James Hill Rowan and William B. Simpson to be Past Grand Captains. " I last year stated that it was probable the Ancient and Accepted Rite 33° would be introduced into Canada by me. Since then I have been in communication with the Secretary of the Grand Council, 33°, for England and Wales, who claim jurisdiction over all the Dependencies of the British Crown, and having been honored by being elected an active member of the Supreme Grand Council, and appointed their representative for the Dominion, I have already acted upon my authority and formed a Grand Consistory 32Dd° at Hamilton, and a ' Rose Croix ' Chapter, as also a Chapter of ' Rose Croix ' at London, Ont. , and shortly purpose issuing a warrant for one in this city. The Degree of the 'Rose Croix,' or 18th and ' Kadosh,' or 30th, of Ancient and Accepted Rite, existed in England from a very early period, and before the establishment of the Ancient and Accepted Rite for that country. All Templar Encampments prior to 1851 were qualified to give these degrees. The object in both is the same ; the Templar confining itself more to facts, while the ' Rose Croix ' displays more of the allegory, hence the latter has afforded a better opportunity of interweaving the symbols of Craft Masonry with the emblems of the Christian faith. Old Masons in England are of opinion that these degrees slioidd never have been separated, both having an early Christian char- acter. The symbolic teaching of the ' Rose Croix ' is consistent with the Christian faith. That of the ' Kadosh ' is connected with the history of the persecution and suppression of the Templars, and is considered the true Masonic degree of the Temple. I may add to these remarks that a Mason travelling on the Continent of Europe, unless in possession of the ' Rose Croix,' is held of but little account." PROGRESS OF THE ORDER. 89 In January of this year a petition was sent in from Mont- real for a dispensation for an Encampment, to be known as the MacLeod Moore, to meet on the third Tuesday of each month. The petitioners were : John Boyes, Colin Mackenzie, G. E. Lecky, C. E. Coker-King, Geo. Arkle, Wm. Muir and J no. K. Brown, with Jno. C. Franck for Eminent Commander, and Colin Mackenzie and John K. Brown as Captains commanding columns. This Preceptory never came into existence for reasons un- known. THE SEAL OF GRAND PRIORY. The following accurate description of the Seal of Grand Priory will be examined with interest : — The new Seal approved by the Grand Council, consequent on the formation of the Grand Priory for the Dominion of Canada, A. D. 1868, of the United Orders of the Temple and Hospital of St. John of Jerusa- lem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, is a Shield couche from the Helmet of a Knight, bearing quarterly, 1st and 4th, " The Red Cross of the Tem- plar;" 2nd, " Sable a Maltese Cross Argent ;" 3rd, "The Arms of the Order of St. John," viz., "Gnlesa Plain Cross Argent,' ; and on an Escut- cheon of Pretence, the Family Arms of the Grand Prior, Col. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, " Argent " on a fesse "Sable" three Mullets pierced " Or" between as many Moor Cocks " Proper." Behind the Shield. — A Red Cross Pat6e (arms projecting), with a Sword and Abaccus in Saltiere. On a Scroll above the Helmet.— The initials V. D. S. A.— "Vent Dieu Saint Amour." Beneath the Shield. — "Pro Deo et Patria," with the year of the Order, 750. Round the whole the legend — |>igirr. iflagH, 0rd, ^empli et fanet. iaaRRig J|i6r0$@I, in (SaEadaraai. CHAPTER XVII. The Second Annual Assembly of the Grand Priory of the Dominion — Steady Advance of the Order — Additions to the Roll — ■ collingwood and oeillia represented — the jewels of " hugh DE PaYENS.' " k HE incentive to give increased vitality to the cause of Templarism increased as Grand Priory, in its practically independent form, grew in years. The Second Annual Assembly of the Grand Priory of the Dominion was held at the Masonic all, Kingston, on Wednesday, the 11th day of August, 1869, V.E. Frater Samuel D. Fowler, Past Provincial Deputy Commander and Prior, presiding. The following representatives from Encampments were pre- sent, the last, it will be observed, being an addition to the roll. " HOGH DE PAYENS," KINGSTON. Fratres Howard E. Swales, Em. Commander ; John Kerr, 1st Captain ; Samuel D. Fowler, Past Em. Commander ; A. S. Kirkpatrick, E. H. Parker, R. Town, R. B. Phillips, John Mc- Coulley, John Breden, jun., Thomas Graham. " WILLIAM DE LA MORE THE MARTYR " ENCAMPMENT, OTTAWA. Frater Michael J. May. " GEOFFREY DE ST. ALDEMAR " ENCAMPMENT, TORONTO. Fratres James K. Kerr, 2nd Captain ; S. B. Fairbanks. "GODFREY DE BOUILLON" ENCAMPMENT, HAMILTON. V.E. Fratres Thomas Bird Harris, Em. Commander ; Thos. McCraken, John W. Murton, J. Conway Brown, J. K. Kerr. " RICHARD COEUR DE LION " ENCAMPMENT, LONDON. E. Fratres Thompson Wilson, Em. Commander ; Thos. F. McMulkn, Past 2nd Captain. B UGH BE PA YENS JEWELS P UROHASED. 91 " KING BALDWIN ENCAMPMENT," BELLEVILLE. E. Frater L. H. Henderson, Em. Commander. " RICHARD COEUR DE LION " ENCAMPMENT, MONTREAL. E. Fratres A. A. Stevenson, Em. Commander; Thos. Milton. " PLANTAGENET " ENCAMPMENT, ST. CATHARINES. E. Fratres James Seymour, Past Em. Commander ; Alex- Servos. " SUSSEX " ENCAMPMENT, STANSTEAD. Frater J. H. Graham, 1st Captain. " HDRONTARIO " ENCAMPMENT, COLLINGwOOD. E. Frater Henry Robertson, Em. Commander; and Frater Robt. Ramsay. The matter of the indebtedness to " Hugh de Payens" En- campment, on account of jewels used by the Provincial Grand Conclave, and which a committee was appointed to investigate in 1865, was decided at this Assembly by a resolution author- izing the payment of forty-four dollars in full of all claims. The Grand Chancellor was also authorized to have the proceed- ings of the Conclave from its organization printed, the amount of copies to be left to his own discretion. In this year the " Hurontario " Encampment, Collingwood, was instituted, and its warrant, dated 10th April, 186^), issued. The location of the Encampment has since been changed to Guelph, and its name altered to "Victoria." The original petitioners for the charter were Henry Robertson, Michael Chas. Cameron, M. Henry Spencer, T. B. Harris, Wm. Reid, Wm. Edgar, Alfred Barker and Robt. Ramsay. Mt. Calvary Encampment at Orillia petitioned on November 17th, 1869, for a warrant. The petitioners were Robt. Ramsay, M. H. Spencer, J. K. Kerr, who were nominated as first officers, and Jno. F. Lash, Jno. Ardagh, 0. D. Macdonnell and H. E. Swales. This Encampment is now located at Barrie. Agreeably to the decision arrived at at an earlier stage of the proceedings, the Eminent Commander of " Hugh-de-Payens" Encampment before adjournment, handed over to the custody of the Grand Priory the collars and jewels hitherto in his keeping. CHAPTER XVIII. The Third Annual Assembly of Great Priori: — A Large Atten- dance op Fratres — A Distinguished Visitor from Michigan — An Exhaustive Address From The Great Prior Replete with Information. 1 HE Ancient City, as Quebec is familiarly known, greeted the Fratres, when, on Wednesday, the 10th day of August, 1870, the Dominion Grand Priory met for the third time. There were twelve active Encampments under its banner, eleven of which were represented at that Assembly, viz. : — " Hugh-de- Payens," Kingston ; " Geoffrey-de St. Aldemar," Tor- onto ; " William-de-la-More the Martyr," Ottawa " Godfrey de Bouillon," Hamilton; " King Baldwin," Belleville " Plantagenet," St. Catharines ; " Richard Coeur-de-Lion,' Montreal ; " Sussex," Stanstead ; " Hurontario," Collingwood, " Mount Calvary," Orillia ; and " Moore," Peterboro', the two latter being new Encampments, for which warrants had been issued since the previous Annual Assembly. The V. E. the Grand Prior, who was prevented by severe illness, from being present at the last gathering in Kingston, presided ; and among these who were present and took part in the deliberations were Fratres T. Douglas Harington, Deputy Grand Prior and Com- mander; James Seymour, Provincial Grand Sub- Prior; A. A Stevenson, Henry Robertson, Thomas B. Harris, Thomas White, Jr, C. D. Macdonnell, J. H. Graham, George EnEarl, F. M. Sowdon, James K. Kerr, A. S. Kirkpatrick, D. McLellan, William Eeid, H. W. Day, Thomas Milton, H. E. Swales, E. R. Carpenter, F. J. Menet, A. J. Nuthall, L. H. Henderson, R. Ramsay, &c. There was also present as a visitor, E. Frater D. Burnham Tracy, Past Deputy Grand Commander, Michigan. The Grand Prior's address, was, as usual, exhaustive and re- plete with interest and information. After congratulating the Grand Pricry on the increasing prosperity and advancement of the Order, he said : — GRAND PRIOR'S ADDRESS. 93 " Since I last had the pleasure of addressing you, a misunderstanding as to jurisdiction took place, which led to a rather lengthy and vexatious correspondence between the Grand Chancellor of the Grand Conclave and myself, in consequence of my having granted a Provisional Warrant to open an Encampment at St. John, New Brunswick. The authorities in England, acting under a protest from the Chapter General of the Temple in Scotland, on a plea that I had intruded on their territory, there being a Scottish Encampment established at St. John, and also that I had encroached on the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand Com- mander for Nova Scotia, the Hon. Alex. Keith. Now, it appears, that when application was made to Grand Commander Keith, by Fratres de- sirous of opening an Encampment in St. John, under the Grand Con- clave of England, he declined doing so, not considering New Brunswick under his control, and it was not until after due consideration and being strongly urged by the petitioners, that I consented to issue a dispensa- tion. This controversy terminated so far satisfactorily, that the Chapter General of Scotland did not further assert their claim to St. John, New Brunswick, and the Grand Conclave of England authorized Provincial Grand Commander Keith to issue another Provisional Warrant to open the " Union de Molay," which has since been confirmed, and this Encamp- ment is now in a highly flourishing and prosperous condition, mainly through the exertions of their first Eminent Commander Frater Bobert Marshall. " I regret exceedingly that any misunderstanding of this kind should have occurred, as it was far from my wish or intention to interfere with the jurisdiction of Grand Commander Keith ; indeed it was so stipulated when my patent as Grand Prior of the Dominion was made out, but as the mistake did not arise with me, Grand Commander Keith, being unaware how far his authority extended; neither is it clear to me that the authori- ties in England were much better informed, the summary annulling of my Provisional Warrant, was, to say the least of it, an extreme measure, my authority as Grand Prior extending over the whole Dominion, the Chapter General of Scotland having no right to claim exclusive jurisdic- tion over any part of it. " I am gratified in announcing that the ' Geoffrey de St. Aldemar ' Encampment, of Toronto, so long dormant, has been again revived under the most favorable auspices, by its former talented Commander, Frater S. B. Harman, and promises to hold its old place, second to none in the Dominion." The Grand Prior made special reference to an evil that it is feared has not, even with the lapse of years and the reiteration of good counsel, entirely died out. He said : — " I would beg to draw the attention of the Order generally to what I fear is a great obstacle to its future prosperity and utility, namely : — ' The want of sufficient care and circumspection in the selection of Candidates.' Commanders are in general too anxious to increase their numbers, and too hasty in admitting applicants before fully examining into their char- acter and qualifications. Our Order must stand or fall by the character of its members; founded as it is on the Christian religion, it ought to exert a corresponding influence. Bear in mind that a candidate once ad- 94 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. mitted is entitled to all our privileges, and should he prove an unworthy member, unfitted lor communion with us, we have ourselves only to blame. I do not intend, or do I mean, to advocate the restrictions considered so necessary in England, as regards social position, but I do say that great care is necessary, that all should prove themselves by education, moral worth, belief in the Christian faith, and acknowledged respectability in their several avocations of civil life, fit and proper candidates to be ad- mitted to the sacred Order of the Temple." It gives me pleasure to state that we continue on the most c jrdial terms of intimacy with our Brother Templars of the United States. Eminent Sir Knight Alfred Creigh, LL.D., Grand Recorder of the Grand Encamp- ment of Pennsylvania, has lately received his credentials from the Supreme Grand Conclave of England, as our representative. I have also been honored in like manner bj the Grand Encampment of Pennsylvania, and presented with an honorary diploma of membership and medal issued by St. John's Commandery, No. 4, of Philadelphia. Since our last Annual Assembly I have been likewise favored with a letter from Eminent Sir Knight Thomas W. Chandler, Grand Com- mander for the State of Georgia, expressing a desire for an interchange of Representatives, and with that view he had nominated Eminent Sir Knight William Tracy Gould, Past Grand Commander, as our Represen- tative in the Grand Commandery of the State of Georgia, an appointment I most cordially approve, and at once directed the Grand Chancellor to prepare and forward the requisite Commission to him. I also nominated Very Eminent Frater, Thomas B. Harris, Past Grand Sub-Prior of E. and W., as their Representative in this Grand Priory. AMERICAN VISITORS. During the last month, the " Springfield" Commandery of Massachu- setts including members of the Brattleboro' and Worcester Commandery, accompanied by their band, paid a visit to Montreal, in full regalia, and elicited the admiration of all parties by their chivalric bearing and truly courteous behavior. The few members of our Order residing m Montreal did all in their power to afford them a welcome, and endeavored to make their visit an agreeable one. I am, myself, averse to public display by bodies of the Order, and it is not the custom with us in England to take part in processions, considering that the influence exercised by our great Order should be' felt, not seen ; but at all times and in all places we are only too happy to greet and recognize as of one common family, all who are entitled to wear the symbol of our faith, under the banner of the Temple. . . , . _, I have been lately applied to for permission to confer in Encampments the Babylonish Pass, or, as it is called in the United States, ' 'Red Cross. " I would wish it clearly understood that this Degree is in no way connect- ed with the Ancient Order of the Temple, nor is it recognized by the Grand Conclave of England, being merely a continuation of the Royal Arch referring to the rebuilding of the Temple by Zerubbabel; and there is no 'reason why it should be made an appendant Degree, but as our brothers of the Temple in the United States lay great stress on its being conferred as a pre-requisite to the Templar Degree, there can be no ob- iection to Commanders of Encampments communicating it. The Grand Conclave of England, to whom I referred the matter some years ago, decided I should use my own discretion as to its introduction into Canadian Encampments, and a former Grand Master of the General Grand Encampments of the United States, the late Eminent Sir Knight GRAND PRIOR'S ADDRESS. 95 William Hubbard, in correspondence with me, recommended strongly its adoption by us, and the issuing of the necessary authority by me to pri- vate Encampments. I have therefore on special occasions when applied to, granted Dispensations to form Councils of the Degree in connection with the Templar Warrants. It may not be out of place here to mention, that this Red Cross has no affinity whatever to the Order of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine lately revived in England, which ispurely Christian. Its revival gave rise of late to much controversy, as to its authenticity and connection with Freemasonry, but this has been fully and satisfactorily proved, and the Order is now flourishing under the rule, of the Grand Sov- ereign, the Right Honorable Lord Kenlis, who has been pleased to author- ize its introduction into Canada, and appoint me as his representative, " Chief Intendant or Inspector General " of the Dominion. The Scottish Templar Encampments have always exercised the power of giving the Novitiate Cross of Constantine. In England it appears to have been incor- porated with Freemasonry, being conferred on Master Masons about the middle of the last century, and there is no question that it has equal claims with the Masonic Templars and Knights of Malta, to be classed among the Orders of Chivalry, recognized by the articles of Union of the Grand Lodge of England in 1813, all of these orders in their Christian teaching, blending naturally and harmoniously together. It is well known that the old Orders of Knighthood, during the last century, were much prized in the higher degrees of Freemasonry, which induced not only the formation of many Masonic degrees quite unknown, excepting to Masons, but also the attributing Masonic secrets and ceremonies to Military Orders, of which those who originated them never dreamt. Amongst these, in the " Red Cross of Rome and Constantine " the true, but totally unmasonic order, being a State Order of the Byzantium Empire. THE APRON OBJECTED TO. The question of wearing the apron or surcoat in Encampments was lately referred to me. The present regulation in England leaves it optional, but in my opinion the apron, the clothing of " care and toil," should be en- tirely laid aside ; the white surcoat, which was anciently worn over the armour of the Knights, is the most appropriate. Its color represents a pure life, and the red cross patee the emblem of our faith and Order. It may not be uninteresting to know . the old heraldic explanation of this cross, which derives its name patee from the Latin word patulua, implying spread or open, and has its extreme ending broad ; it has also allusion to the opening wings of a bird who covers her young, and thus protects them from injury ; it also represents the opening virtues of the Christian soldier who has shielded the weak and innocent from oppression and wrong. It has been argued that the adoption of the apron points to our dependence on " Freemasonry," but, as an organization, the Templar Order is entirely independent of Masonry, although we can only claim, by adoption, to represent the ancient Order of Knighthood, and whatever enthusiastic writers may assert, it never could have any connection with Speculative Masonry, a comparatively modern institution. Our Constitutions only require that candidates be Royal Arch Masons (in England the climax of the craft degrees), such association with the Masonic Fraternity insuring, as far as possible, well-known and eligible members, and the best and surest means of testing the character of men and their moral fitness to become members of the Exalted and Christian Order of the Temple. I beg now to draw your attention to a subject which requires to be care- fully weighed and considered before any hasty or rash action is determined on. I allude to the strong feeling which I am given to understand is 96 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. entertained by many of the Canadian Templars of forming an independ- ent body and separating from the parent stock. I am aware that the annulling of my Dispensation to the " Union de Molay " Encampment gave rise to considerable dissatisfaction, as tending to lower the authority of your chief officer, but I look upon this affair as a misunderstanding throughout. That the requirements of Canadian Templars, and indeed others of the higher Masonic Orders, is not fully understood in England, I feel certain. To insure, therefore, their success in the Dominion, it is necessary that modifications be made in the Statutes and Rules, as regards Canada, both in respect to fees and qualifications for admission of candidates. The late announcement by the Grand Vice-Chancellor, of increasing the fees henceforth payable by Encampments to the funds of the Grand Conclave, is regarded as an unnecessary tax adopted without consulting the wishes or interests of Canadian Templars, a body now firmly established and daily increasing in numbers and importance, whose rapid growth has not been sufficiently considered by the parent Order. Before any decisive step is taken, let me beg of you to ponder well tbe consequences, and the advisa- bility of drawing up a statement to be laid before the Grand Master and Grand Conclave of England, of such requirements as it may be considered necessary to insure the future prosperity of the Canadian branch of the Order. If thia course is pursued in a proper and respectful manner, as becomes a subordinate body addressing their supreme governing power, I feel satisfied that every concession consistent with the dignity of the Su- preme Grand Conclave will be granted. Individually, I most distinctly disapprove of any attempt at separation, and cannot in any way lend myself to the movement ; in my opinion the very prestige of the Order in Canada would be lost. The Grand Con- clave of England has lately entered into a convention with the ruling powers of the Templars in Scotland and Ireland, and are now engaged in drawing up such rules and regulations, and carefully revising the Ritual, as will insure uniformity-conformity as much as modern changes will ad- mit to ancient usage and custom. With such views, etc., taking into account that the early Templars, who were derived from almost all the nations of Europe, had but one Grand Master, one governing head, and although, excepting by adoption, we claim no such antiquity, yet by analogy we should endeavor to follow the ancient statute. Our vows of allegiance to the Grand Conclave, our feelings of loyalty to the British Crown— and where is it more strongly developed than in Canada — and honored as our Order now is, by numbering amongst its members in England the Heir to the Throne, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, surely ought to cement more closely our adherance to the Supreme Grand Conclave of England. I cannot see what end is to be gained by separation, excepting to those ambitious of empty titles and the glittering paraphernalia of office. If no higher ground is taken than that of expediency, surely it would be unwise to sever a connection which, while it continues, refbcts the highest honor on all its members, and en- titles us to the fullest participation in the benefits of the exertions now making in England to place the Order on its proudest and most perfect basis. I am well informed that amongst many of our Fratres of the United States, uniformity of ritual and regulations, as contemplated in England, is under consideration ; when, therefore, we see our neighboring Fratres looking to the mother country in the matter, why should we seek but an imaginary gain by forming an independent body in Canada, which would only hold a very second-class position in the eyes of the Templar GRAND PRIOR'S ADDRESS. 97 world. I shall therefore request that a committee be formed of Com- manders and Past-Commanders to take into consideration and to deliber- ate upon such questions and proposals as may be thought expedient for the future well-being and interest of the Canadian Order. I myself will propose, " That the Templars in the Dominion be empowered to elect one of their number, duly, qualified, every three" years, to hold office as the governing head of the Canadian branch." Thus, by my retirement, allowing all Canadian Templars to participate in and aspire to the highest office, knowing that there are many amongst you equally zealous and competent to fill the high position I have had the honor to hold for so many years, and my object -will be gained of promoting in every way the advancement and interests of the Order in Canada. It is with feel- ings of pride that I look back to having been the first to introduce, in a constitutional manner, this Christian Order into Canada some sixteen years ago. I say, advisedly, " first introduced," for although forty years ago, an Encampment held for some little time a languid existence in the city of Kingston, attached to the St. John's Lodge and Ancient Frontenac Royal Arch Chapter, it was not placed under any of the governing Templar bodies, being formed by the self-constituted authority, of the Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry for Canada West. In the far-famed Island of Malta I was also the first to introduce Templar Masonry, having, in 1849, when stationed there with my regi- ment, established the " Melita " Encampment, and in the following year obtained a warrant of confirmation from the Supreme Grand Conclave of England. This Encampment has enrolled amongst its members many of our military and naval Fratres, one of whom I may mention as a dis- tinguished Brother of the " Ancient and Accepted Rite," Captain N. G. Philips, Grand Treasurer-General of the Supreme Grand Council 330 for England. In the year 1852 I personally received at Grand Conclave, from th e late venerated Grand Master, Colonel Kemys K. Tynte, the office of Second Grand Captain, and am now, with the exception of the Deputy Grand Master, who is also a Provincial Grand Commander, the Senior Grand Commander under the authority of the Supreme Grand Conclave of England and Wales, and dependencies of the British dominions. CHAPTER XIX. Another Gap in the Banks — Death or an Active Fbater — The Two " Richards " — Grand Peiokt Meets in Hamilton — The Foubth Annual Assembly — Addeess of the Gband Pbiob. fe;5 N THE year 1871, Grand Priory was bereft of one * .(" of its most active and zealous workers, whose death ;^j left a gap in the ranks of Masonry and Teinplar- ism which for a long time was sadly apparent, and whose name will ever find an honored place in the records of the Craft in Canada. Samuel Deadman Fowler was one of that pioneer band whose labor of love made the way easy for the Mason of later days. As a Templar he was equally assiduous. His counsel was as freely tendered as it was valuable, and in passing to his rest, there was left none to assume his mantle. It cannot be said that the Order during the period inter- vening between the meetings of Grand Priory progressed to any satisfactory extent ; neither is it recorded that there was a perceptible falling off in membership. One Encampment, " Richard Coeur de Lion," of London, suffered from internal dissension, which culminated in the suspension of the Warrant, but its namesake in the East, which had been dormant for a season, was aroused from its lethargy in or about the same time, and "Richard Cceur de Lion" of Montreal again took its- place among the active Encampments. An addition to the roll, too, was that of " Harington" Encampment, of Trenton, which was inaugurated auspiciously in April, under the command of Eminent Frater Dr. H. W. Day. The city of Hamilton was selected as the meeting-place for the fourth annual Assembly of the Grand Priory, and on the afternoon of the 10th August, 1871, the Grand Prior, Colonel MacLeod Moore, called the Fratres to order in the Masonic Temple in- that city. There were present, Fratres T. Douglas Harington, C. D. Macdonnell, J. K. Kerr, Robert Ramsay, Rev. Y. Clementi, Henry Robertson, Augustus T. Houel, Thomas B. 98 GRAND PRIOR'S ADDRESS. 99 Harris, Chas. M.agill, A. J. Nuthall, H. W. Day, William Reid, E. M. Copeland, George En-Earl, Eber C. Flint, Hugh A. Mc- Kay, Thos. Milton, Peter J. Brown, David McLellan, David Curtis, C. Schomberg Elliott, C. W. Smith, George Groves, W. W. Summers, J. W. Murton, John Kennedy, Edson Kemp, Jas. Seymour, J. O'Donnell, T. H. Tebbs, N. G. Bigelow, H. W. Delaney. In the opening passages of his annual address, the Grand Prior, as was, and is, his custom, paid his meed of respect to those Knights who, in obedience to the dread summons, had laid down their arms for ever. He said : One old, familiar face we miss, never again to appear amongst us, and have to mourn the loss of a truly Christian Knight, a worthy, upright and zealous brother of our Order, who has been lately summoned to appear before the Great Tribunal, where, we trust, he is now reaping the reward promised to those who, while on earth, faithfully performed their duties as soldiers of the cross. Eminent Sir Knight Samuel Deadman Fowler has passed to his rest. The valuable service he rendered to the Order and the Craft generally in Canada, I have a melancholy pleasure in bearing testimony to. Our late eminent Prater was one of the first candidates that I installed in Canada on the establishment of the Order and forma- tion of the Hugh de Payens' Encampment, at Kingston, in 1854, and on the organization of this Provincial Grand Conclave, I selected him as the first Provincial Grand Chancellor and Registrar ; these offices he filled for several years, materially aiding and assisting me, and to his zeal and effi- ciency 1 attribute much of the success which has been attained in placing the Order on its present firm and constitutional basis in the Dominion. He also held the rank of a Deputy Grand Commander, and that of a Past Grand Officer of the Grand Conclave in England and Wales. With sin- cere regret I record the loss sustained by this Grand Priory and the Order in Canada, of so illustrious a Frater. The Dominion Grand Chancellor will be pleased to direct that the offi- cers of Grand Priory wear the usual mourning for three months, for their late lamented Past Deputy Grand Commander, and a memorial record be added to//their proceedings, with such other tribute to the memory as Grand Priory may deem proper to adopt. At our last annual Assembly I directed a committee to be formed for the purpose of ascertaining what were the actual requirements of the Order in Canada, that proper measures might be adopted to meet either the grievances complained of by some members, or point out such changes as would add to the prosperity of the Canadian branch of the Temple. I have not as yet been furnished with this report, and cannot therefore enter into any further explanation of my views expressed last year, or de- termine what course I shall pursue, until I know what the Fratres of this jurisdiction have to bring forward. My own feelings continue loyal to the supreme governing authority in England ; and be assured the Order of the Temple under English rule, both in its government and ritualism, is far superior to any fancied advan- tages the love of change might lead those who have not thoroughly inves- tigated the matter, to expect. The inconsistencies that appear in other systems should be a warning to avoid invading the purity of our own. The unfortunate differences which have sprung up in Canada by a sep- 100 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. aration of the Craft Lodges of the Province of Quebec from the Grand Lodge of Canada is much to be deplored, and I regret to say has given rise to feelings quite foreign to the principles of Freemasonry. In this matter, as far as relates to the Order of the Temple, I have not permitted any interference whatever. I had no official communication on the subject, and even if such had been the case, I would not have felt myself justified in refusing admittance to any candidate Royal Arch Mason in good standing, no matter what jurisdiction he belonged to, or fail to recognize any Knight Templar because he preferred being a member of one Grand Lodge more than another. The Statutes of the Temple provide only that its ranks be filled by Freemasons who have attained the grade of the Royal Arch, which is in England the climax of the third degree ; fur- ther than this, no other connection exists between the Masonic body and the Temple Order. Our English Templar system is but a revival of the chivalric order at- taching itself during the last century to the Masonic fraternity, with which it still continues to be allied. It has been lately strongly advocated by a section of the Masonic press, that a system of rites be established, making it compulsory to obtain sev- eral degrees in rotation before receiving that of the Temple, and that the Degree called "Royal and Select Masters," lately introduced into Canada, be preliminary to the Temple. While I myself and many of my Grand Officers are members of these rites, and uphold their principles, for me to assent to such a proceeding would be a direct violation of the stat- utes of, and renunciation of my allegiance to, the Grand Conclave of England. You are all aware that I obtained, some year ago, authority to commu- nicate the Degree of the United States "Red Cross," or "Babylonish Pass," to Canadian Templars, for the purpose of preventing any difficulty in visiting the United States Encampments, where this Degree is a Pass to their Temple system, but is not compulsory with us, nor do I think it would be of any advantage to graft it on our purely Christian Order. This Degree is now in Canada, placed under control of, and given in, Councils of Royal and Select Masters. The revival lately of several obsolete Degrees and Orders in England has, unfortunately, given rise to much controversy and unpleasant corres- pondence, and it is greatly to be regretted that the pure system of English Freemasonry should be disturbed by so many Grand Bodies springing up and wishing to imitate what are really incongruities in the American' system. With reference to the Order called the " Red Cross of Constantine," there appears to be some misunderstanding, probably from a similarity of names and titles with other Orders and Degrees. From my knowledge of most of them, I can state that the Constantine Order (founded on the legend of the vision of Constantine the Great) is purely Christian, and that the first grade, or " Kovitiate Cross," is the same as that long estab- lished under the control of the Scottish Knight Templar Encampment ; the second and third grades, namely, those of "Viceroy " and " Sovereign," are the installation ceremonies of the two principal officers, added at the revival and revision of the ritual in England. I can find nothing objec- tionable, or that it interferes in any way with other existing Orders and Degrees. It is with much pain that I have to announce to Grand Priorv that I was under the necessity of suspending the Warrant of the " Richard Coeur de Lion " Encampment, of London, Province of Ontario. For upwards of twelve months a party feeling had Bprung up in the Encampment, quite GRAND PRIORS ADDRESS. 101 at variance with the teachings and principles of the Order ; disputes and recriminations took place, relating principally to the election of an Emi- nent Commander. On carefully investigating the matter, I considered it my duty to suspend the Warrant and close the Encampment. The Past Eminent Commander at once complied with the demand to surrender the Warrant to the Dominion Grand Chancellor, stating that the Registrar of the Encampment, Frater Thomas P. McMullen, who was the Eminent Commander elect, and with whom and the other officers the disagreement originated, refused to deliver up the minute and cash books. I directed the Grand Chancellor to apply to him direct. This application, although sufficient time had been allowed, was not attended to, when I caused another to be made, pointing out the great impropriety of his conduct, and that.it rendered him liable to the penalty of suspension. This Prater, persisting in his contumacious conduct, violating his vows to the Order and the duty he owed to his superiors, I have suspended from all the privileges of a Knight Templar, and reported the circumstance to the Su- preme Grand Conclave of England. It has been a source of yreat regret to me to be called upon thus to exercise my authority, being the first case of direct insubordination to constituted authority which has come to my knowledge since the introduction of the Orders into Canada under Eng- lish rule. I must again draw the attention of Eminent Commanders to the neces- sity of greater care being observed in the admittance of candidates to our ranks ; they are bound by their terms of office to attend to this point. Sufficient care has not at all times been observed, and there has been great laxity as regards the social position and requirements of persons ad- mitted. There exists no desire or intention to make the Order an exclu- sive or conservative club, but neither is it right to admit as members those whose social position unfit them as associates in private life. The Order of the Temple is not strictly a Masonic society, and it never was intended that, for the sake of attaining coveted high-sounding Masonic rank, many otherwise worthy Masons should be taken out of their own spheres, and often to the prejudice of their private avocations, brought forward to fill offices in the Order of the Temple. The Grand Conclave in England has already animadverted on the admission of members who, by the returns received from Encampments, were shown not to be persons eligible for admission. Page 37 of the Statutes clearly define that no one shall be installed a Knight Templar unless previously balloted for in open Encampment, and that his name, place of abode, profession, avocation, etc., etc., shall have been inserted in the summons for the meeting at which it is proposed to take the ballot. It is, therefore, the bounden duty of all members to at- tend such summons, and should an objectionable candidate be proposed, the remedy is in their own hands, and I am sure I have only to request that every possible care and precxntion be taken in ascertaining the stand- ing, position and eligibility of all candidates for installation. The Supreme Grand Master, at my recommendation, has been pleased to grant patents to Eminent Sir Knights Robert Ramsay, the Rev. Vin- cent Clementi, and James Kirkpatrick Kerr, of this Grand Priory, to hold rank in the Grand Conclave of England as Past Grand Captains. It is truly gratifying to record a continuance of the most fraternal inter- course with our American confreres. An exchange of representatives be- tween the Grand Encampment of the State of Ohio and this Grand Priory has been effected this year. Right Eminent Sir Knight B. D. Bibcock is o be our representative at the Grand Encampment of Ohio, and I have 102 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. nominated Eminent Sir Knight Robert Ramsay to be their representative at this Grand Priory. The General Grand Encamjmentof the United States having announced its intention of holding its triennial assembly in Sepi ember next, at Baltimore, I purpose nominating a committee to represent this Grand Priory, and offer to the Right Eminent Ihe General Grand Master and assembled Knights Templars of the United States our fraternal and Knightly regards and good wishes for their continued prosperity, trusting that Unity, Peace and Brotherly Love may ever exist between us as mem- bers of the same great Christian Order. A new Encampment and Priory has been added to our roll since last year, the Supreme Grand Master having on the 14th April, 1871, granted a Warrant to open the " Harington'' Encampment, in the town of Tren- ton, Ontario, under Eminent Commander Dr. H. W. Day. In Montreal, a revival of the "Richard Coeur de Lion " Encampment has taken place, having pranted a Dispensation for the installation of the Eminent Commander elect, Sir Knight E. M. Copeland, who had not pre- viously served his year of office in the required grades. The Grand Chancellor's statement showed that in this year there had been received in fees and dues from the Encamp- ments S357.68, while the amounts forwarded to England, less some 825 for necessary expenses, amounted to $174.59. The balance on hand was 8369.07. Eminent Frater Robert Ramsay presented his credentials at this Assembly, as representative of the Grand '. ommandery of the State of Ohio, and was duly acknowledged as such. As a recognition of the services of Eminent Frater T. B. Harris as Grand Chancellor for three years, it was resolved to grant him 8100 from the funds of Grand Priory. The rank of Past Provincial Deputy Grand Commander was conferred by the Grand Prior upon Eminent Frater James Seymour, a Past Provincial Grand Prior, and then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada. Prior to the appointment of officers for the ensuing year, the Grand Prior nominated the following to represent the Grand Priory at the Triennial Assembly of the General Grand Com- mandery of the United States, at Baltimore, in the following September : Eminent Fratres Chas. D. Macdonnell, Thos. B. Harris, Robert Ramsay, J. K. Kerr, Henry Robertson, James Seymour, and Rev. Vincent Clementi. With the customary collection of alms, the session of 1871, which may be said to have been uneventful, was brought to a close. g-jrj^nid prioey oif the zDOZMUitTxoiLsr of cjL.i