fyxmll W^mvmii^ pilrt^g THE GIFT OF ..Hcu^^A^djI/ya.T.^iA-aayxLu..,"^^ hz':].o.pi L%l^. 6561 Cornell University Library LD2101.H58 Calendar of Board minutes 1776^^^ 3 1924 008 194 601 \1 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924008194601 > 4 %*''!: v*"^ .- ' ,.^ Samuel Stanhupe Smith. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES 1776-1876 By ALFRED J. MORRISON RICHMOND, VA. THE HERMITAGE PRESS 1912 tv. TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN THEIR CORPORATE CAPACITY JOHN HAMPDEN 1594-1643. Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum. ALGERNON SIDNEY 1622-1683. Sanctus Amor Patriae Dat Animum. PREFACE What are the origins and the fortunes of any idea that has taken shape? These must be interesting questions always, and not least so in the case of an academic institution in a new country. Southside Virginia has been a tobacco country from the first. Who have been those of the region that have been formally identified with efforts looking to the maintenance of the academic tradition? The following pages give an answer for Hampden Sidney College, which, with William and Mary and Washington and Lee, has survived in Virginia from a colonial foundation. Hampden Sidney and Washington and Lee, repre- senting the south and the west in the State, mark the beginnings of the positive Revolution ; the history of William and Mary, stand- ing for the colony, is now dim with the circumstances of age. How have the three fared since the establishment of the Uni- versity, and what have been the well-devised plans for collegiate education in the State? What have been the vicissitudes? This Calendar is no brief. In it may be found the facts for a hundred years of the management by Trustees of one of the old- est colleges in the country. Very few of these men are now living, but the College exists no one can say how much because they gave it their oversight. The history of an institution, even if complete as histories go, would be but a partial record: the forces making to that result are so numerous and involved that a state of mind may easily be brought about quite antagonistic to the drawing up of any rational account of past conditions. Action is the thing, and if a register of current acts is kept, little more can be expected. And yet acts are related, often springing one out of another, and it is desirable to trace the process. It is not certain that historical tastes and aptitudes mean decadence in the community — it is possible that the comm'unity is taking on new life in several ways including the historical. At no time has there been any lack of subjects for research in history, but it is interesting to observe the forming of solidarities out of which grows the historical feeling in specific directions. This is a Calendar covering fifty years of the Old College and fifty years of the New College of Hampden Sidney. PORTRAITS OF TRUSTEES 1. Samuel Stanhope Smith. Portrait by C. Lawrence. 2. John Blair Smith. Portrait owned by Union College, N. Y. 3. James ^fadison. Medallion by Ceracchi, 1793. 4. Thomas Read. Portrait reproduced by courtesy of Miss Eliza- beth Venable, Jacksonville, Florida. 5. Patrick Henry. Engraving by Woodcock. 6. Samuel W. Venable. Portrait owned by Mrs. Charles Martin, Rivermont, Lynchburg, Va. 7. Abram B. Venable. Portrait, supposed to be by Rembrandt Peale, owned by W. H. Venable, Norfolk, Va. 8. Richard N. Venable. Portrait owned by W. H. Venable, Norfolk, Va. 9. Archibald Alexander. 10. Paul Carrington, Jr. Photograph of a portrait, by courtesy of Major A. R. Venable, Hampden Sidney, Va. 11. John Holt Rice. Portrait by W. j. Hubard. 12. William L. Venable. Portrait owned by William G. Venable, Sher- man, Texas. 13. Moses Hoge. Portrait, reproduced in General Catalogue, Union Theological Seminary, Va., (whereabouts of original, unknown) 14. William H. Cabell. Engraving by St. Memin. 15. William S. M'orton. Photograph, by courtesy of W. S. Morton, Rich- mond, Va. 16. Jonathan P. Gushing. Portrait, owned by Philanthropic Society, pre- sented to the Society by Richard N. Venable. 17. Henry E. Watkins. Photograph, by courtesy of Mrs. Charles Martin, Rivermont, Lynchburg, Va. 18. Daniel L. Carroll. Drawing by A. Newsam, engraved by P. S. Duval. 19. William Maxwell. Portrait owned by Virginia Historical Society. 20. William S. Plumer. Engraving by A. H. Ritchie. 21. James P. Marshall. Photograph of a portrait, by courtesy of Mrs. William Wirt Henry, Richmond, Va. 22. David Comfort. Photograph, by courtesy of Dr. A. J. McKelway, Washington, D. C. 23. A. D. Dickinson. Photograph, by Courtesy of Thomas H. Dickinson, Prince Edward Co., Va. 24. Lewis W. Green. Plate by courtesy of the Rev. Dr. Richard Mc- Ilwaine, Richmond, Va. 25. Travis H. Epes. Photograph of a portrait, by courtesy of Mrs. J. S. Hardaway, Sr., Nottoway Co., Va. 26. Archibald G. Mcllwaine. Photograph, by courtesy of the Rev. Dr. Richard Mcllwaine, Richmond, Va. 27. Moses D. Hoge. Photograph. 28. John M. P. Atkinson. Photograph. 29. William Wirt Henry. Photograph. 30. Richard Mcllwaine. Photograph. NARRATIVE ORDERED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES* 1774 Introduction. The Pby. of Hanover anxious to promote [morality and reli- gion]. But impeded by the old Episcopal estab- lishment. The design of erect- ing an Acad'y enter- tained, with the rea- son of it. The cultivation of Science is ever esteemed an object of great importance by the wise and good. They who have turned their attention to it with the most success are always the most anxious to promote it amongst others. That liberality of sentiment, that refinement of soul, that capacity for public usefulness, and that unaffected morality and religion, which usually accompany real knowledge, are strong induce- ments to the judicious, to desire an extensive diffusion of its salutary influence. The Presbyterian Clergy in Virginia have uniformly aimed at this from their first settle- ment in the country. In their collective capa- city they are known by the name of the Pres- bytery of Hanover: they have in general [a good] share of learning, and have the pro- motion of morality and religion much at heart. Engaged by such motives, they have repeatedly instituted and patronized Seminaries of learn- ing in their different circles. But the small de- gree of influence which they possessed in the older country under the establishment of an Episcopal Church, and the narrowness of their private fortunes, rendered their efforts of that sort very feeble and no remarkable advantage was derived from their small, local schools. Convinced of the necessity of something more extensive and popular, they endeavoured to erect and promote by subscription, a public Academy; in which the various parts of Science should be taught, and which should render edu- cation more conveniently attainable, in coun- ties remote from the seat of Government, where 'This fragment was preserved by the late Dr. Dame, Rector of Camden Parish, Danville, whose executors deposited it some years ago in the College Library. Dr. Dame was a member of the Faculty of the College about 1834. **!S** CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1774 The firit attempt in 1772 — but unsuccess- ful. The next in the year 1774 successful. Mr. Sam'l S. Smith a principal in the af- fair. His capacity. The success of sub- scriptions very great. Reflexion upon the preceding account. Name of the Acad'y Journal of these mat- ters ordered to be kept. the College of William and Mary had been long before established. In the year 1772 an attempt of this kind was made, but thro' some fatality, the benevolent design miscarried. Two years afterwards when they had recovered a little from their discouragement, [2] it was repeated with greater success. At this time the Rev. Samuel Stanhope Smith arrived in Virginia : a man well quali- fied in many respects for conducting such a design. He had been for some years employed as a Professor in the College of Nassau Hall, New Jersey, with much credit, both on account of his abilities and conduct. Tho' a young man, he was fully equal to the task of superintend- ing the scheme in contemplation. The Pres- bytery, therefore, immediately turned their at- tention to him as a principal in the affair. And through their solicitation and the earnest de- sire of many respectable characters amongst the people, who had , become acquainted with his merit, Mr. Smith consented to take upon him the direction of such an Institution as has been mentioned; provided the expedient of a subscription, in case it be tried, should succeed. This measure was no sooner resolved on than it was put into execution, and the success of it was as great as it was unexpected. In a few months several hundred pounds were sub- scribed; with which, considerable buildings were erected and a valuable collection of books was procured for a Library to the Acaderny; all which will more plainly appear in the Journals which follow. Such was the original of the Academy since distinguished by the name Hampden-Sidney, expressive of those Ideas of liberty, both civil and religious, which the In- stitution was designed to cherish; and such were the principles upon which it was erected. The records of the Presbytery, as far as they relate to this business are copied and subjoined to this account, agreeable to an order of the Trustees, for collecting, arranging, and insert- ing all matters of consequence relating^ to the Academy in this book.^ 'See Minutes, Board of Trustees, Dec. 19, ' |t7ia THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 1774 October 13. The Pby. enter upon the business of an Academy. Recommendation of Mr. Smith, & A request addressed more particularly to Pr. Edvrard [and Cumberland Congre- gations to collect] subscriptions. The effect of the re- quest. 1775 Feb. Itt. 1300;^ subscribed in less than 4 months. 400;£ applied to the purchase of books, &c. [3] Extract from the minutes of the Pres- bytery of Hanover, Cubb Creek. October 13, 1774- "The Presbytery resumed the consideration of a School for the Hberal education of youth, which we unanimously judge to be of great and immediate importance. As we have been favoured with the company of Mr. Saml. Stan : Smith, a gentleman, who, we are well informed, has taught a considerable time with approba- tion in New Jersey College, and with pleasure find that he is inclinable to take the charge of such a Seminary if he is properly encouraged: we think it expedient therefore to recommend to our Congregations of Cumberland and Prince Edward in particular, and to all others in gen- eral, to set subscriptions on foot, for the pur- pose of procuring a Library, with a Philosophi- cal and Mathematical apparatus, and other things necessary in such an undertaiking. And whenever there shall be proper encouragement of this sort, and Mr. Smith or any other proper person can be engaged; we shall gladly concur to establish a Seminary in Prince Edward, or the upper end of Cumberland County and take it under our care." Caleb Wallace, Clerk. In consequence of the recommendation of the Presbytery a large and generous subscrip- tion was speedily obtained, chiefly in the coun- ties of Charlotte, Prince Edward, and Cumber- land, so that in the month of Feb: following, we find them actually applying the money to the original design ; as appears from the following Extract. At a session of the Presbytery of Hanover in Prince Edward County, February i, 1775: "The Presbytery, upon enquiry, find, that above i30oi is already subscribed towards erecting an Academy, etc., and that consider- able additions are expected. They then proceeded to consider how it would be most proper to lay out the money, and where to establish the Institution. Ordered that 400;£ be applied to purchase such books and Mathematical and Philosophi- cal apparatus as are more immediately neces- 10 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1775 Feb. 1st. Agents appointed to purchase books, &c. 2d. A place chosen by the Pby. to erect the Academy upon. Persons appointed to draw plans of houses, &c., &c. Others to seciu-e the d o n at e d land by Deed. Reason for appoint- ing Trustees. The names of the Trustees appointed. sary. [4] And considering that the non-im- portation agreement may continue a consider- able time, we entrust Mr. Saml. Stan: Smith to purchase such books and apparatus, in the Northern Provinces, by and with the advice and concurrence of the Revd. Robert Smith of P'equea, in Pennsylvania, the Revd. Robert Davidson, and Mr. John Bayard, Merchant, both of the city of Philadelphia ; and the R)evd. Doctor John Rodgers and Mr. Samuel Broome of the city of New York, or any two of them. And we also request that the Trustees here- after nominated, and Messrs. Joseph Morton, James Allen, William Smith, Warren Walker, William Morton, and Robert Goode, collect the said 40o£ or borrow it upon interest and trans- mit it to Philadelphia, to the said Saml. Stan: Smith, before the first day of next May." Feb: 2d "The Presbytery after viewing several places shewn them by the Gentlemen here, agree to build an academy, [with a] dwelling house for the Rector, and other necessary houses to the amount of the subscriptions, at the head of Hudson's branch in this County (Pr: Edwd.), upon an hundred acres of land, given for that purpose by Mr. Peter Johnson — and we en- trust the said P. Johnston, Col. John Nash, Junr, Mr. James Allen, Sr, Capt. John Morton, and Capt. Nathl. Venable, or any three of them, to draw plans of these houses and let them' to the lowest bidder, after giving proper notice to the public. And we also entrust Col. Jno. Nash, Jr., Mr. Jas. Allen Sr., Capt. Jno. Morton, and Capt. Nathl. Venable, or any three of them, to have the above named 100 acres of land meas- ured and bounded, and the title secured for the purposes for which it was given. And as several members of this Presbytery live at too great a distance from each other, to meet together frequently to consult the af- fairs of the Academy: We appoint the Revd. Messrs. Richard Sankey, John Todd, Caleb Wallace and Samuel Leake; and Mr. Peter Johnson, Colo. Paul Carrington, Col. John Nash Jr., Cap : John Morton, Cap : Nathl. Ven- able, Col: Thomas Read, Mr. James Venable, THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. ir 1775 Seven a Quorum. Their powers. Reservation of the Pby. Feb. 3d. Mr. S. S. Smith chosen the Rector, and appointed with others to procure as- sistants. The original [ Tuition. ]of rhe mode of its ap- pointment. Declaration of the Pby. of Catholicism and liberality in their design. Mr. Francis Watkins, and the Rector ex efficio, Trustees of the Academy — Seven of these Trustees shall be a Quorum: they are to col- lect the subscriptions, [5] expend the monies, and conduct all the affairs of the Academy in behalf of the Presbytery ; they are also to keep a fair book of accounts, and all the transac- tions relating to the Academy : The Presbytery reserving to themselves forever, the privilege of choosing the Trustees and the Rector with his assistants. The Clerk is ordered to send a copy of this minute to the above named Gen- tlemen, and in behalf of the Presbytery, to solicit their acceptance." Feb: 3d. "The Presbytery choose Mr. Saml. St : Smith Rector of the Pr: Edward Academy, and we entrust the said Smith, and the Revd. Robert Smith of Pennsylvania, and Mr. William Churchill Houston, Professor in New Jersey College, or any two of them, to choose assis- tants. And we also agree that tuition be fixed at 4£ pr. annum, for each scholar; 20 shillings of which shall be paid on the day of entrance; and we also agree that all the tuition monies shall be divided between the Rector and his assistants, at the discretion of the Trustees, until they shall think proper to regulate the matter otherwise. The Presbytery having for a long tinte had the Education of youth in these upper Counties much at heart, and having succeeded so far in our endeavours to promote [it as to] do something very considerable towards erecting an academy in Prince-Edward County, where we expect every branch of learning will be taught to advantage on the most Catholic plan ; and whereas some Gentlemen who are unac- quainted with our sentiments, may encourage this Seminary with reluctance because it is to be under the protection and patronage of this Presbytery ; we take this opportunity to declare, that tho' the strictest regard shall be paid to the morals of the youth, and divine worship conducted evening and morning in the Pres- byterian mode, [on] the other hand, all pos- sible care shall be taken that no [ ] in- 12 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. fluence be used by any member of this Pres- bytery, [the Rector] of the Academy or his assistants to bias the [judgment of any of] the students; but that all of every denomina- tion [shall fully] [6] enjoy their own religious sentiments, and be at liberty to attend that mode of public worship, that either custom or conscience makes the most convenient to them." Thus we have seen the foundation of the future work very happily laid. The commence- ment of the dispute between Great Britain and America at this time formed in some measure a coalition of religious parties. At least all orders of men who were determined to defend the liberties of their Country found that they needed each other's assistance, and this grad- ually introduced liberal sentiments, which were favourable to the promotion of the academy; and we find amongst the subscribers a great number of names, which belonged to different religious denominations. The subscription papers were generally in one form, with the extract of the minutes of the Pby. at Cubb- Creek for their Preamble. For the satisfaction of the curious, an abbreviated copy of one of these papers differing a little from the rest in its form is here subjoined. Nov:r 12, 1774. "In the Academy which Mr. Smith has the prospect of conducting in Pr: Edwd. county, according to the request and appointment of the Presbytery of Hanover, if he meets with the encouragement he expects ; shall be taught the Greek and Latin languages to their great- est extent; and all the sciences which are usually studied, at any College, or Academy, on the Continent. He proposes to teach Geography in greater perfection, than, he is well assured, it is done in the major parts of our Institutions of learning ; and so as to render it an excellent handmaid to the extensive and useful study of History ; which with the science of Chronology shall be attended to. Mathe- matical learning he has made himself master of; and designs to teach those who choose. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 13 Arithmetic and Algebra; and Geometry applied particularly to surveying. This will prepare the way for the study of Natural Philosophy in all its branches ; after which he will instruct them in the important studies of Eloquence, Criticism, and the science of Morals. He does not propose to undertake the superintendency of this Academy till he is enabled to procure one or two Gentlemen of approved abilities, whom he has in his view, from the Northward, to assist [ ] [ ] will readily perceive the necessity of a large Library [ ] Philo- sophical and Mathematical apparatus in order 14 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. From the Virginia Gazette, issues for October and December 1775: AN ACADEMY. Prince Edward/ September ist, 1775. By the generous exertion of several gentlemen in this and some of the neighboring counties, very large contributions have lately been made for erecting and supporting a public Academy, near the Courthouse, in this county. Their zeal for the interests of learning and virtue has met with such success that they were enabled to let the buildings in March last to several undertakers, who are proceeding in their work with the greatest expedition, A very valuable library of the best writers, both ancient and modern, on most parts of science and polite literature, is already procured, with part of an apparatus to facilitate the studies of the Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. The Academy will certainly be opened on the loth of next November. It is to be distinguished by the name of Hampden Sidney, and will be subject to the visitation of twelve gentlemen of character and influence in their respective counties, the immediate and acting merribers being chiefly of the Church of England. The number of visitors and trustees will probably be increased as soon as the distraction of the times shall so far cease as to enable its patrons to enlarge its foundations. The students will all board and study under the same roof, provided for by a common steward, except such as choose to take their boarding in the country. The rates, at the utmost, will not exceed £10 currency per annum to the steward, and £4 tuition money, 20 shillings of this being always paid at entrance. The system of education will resemble that which is adopted in the College of New Jersey, save that a more particular atten- tion shall be paid to the cultivation of the English language than is usually done in placps of public education. Three Masters and Professors are ready to enter in November, and as many more may be easily procured as the increased number of students may at any time hereafter require. And our prospects at present are so extremely flattering that it is probable we shall be obliged to procure two Professors more before the expiration of the year. The public may rest assured that the whole shall be conducted on the most catholic plan. Parents of every denomination may be at full liberty to require their children to attend on any mode of worship which either custom or conscience has rendered most agreeable to them'. For our fidelity, in every respect, we are THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 15 cheerfully willing to pledge our reputation to the public, which may be the more relied on, because our whole success depends upon their favorable opinion. Our character and interest, there- fore being both at stake, furnish a strong security for our avoiding all party instigations, for our care to form good men and good citizens on the common and universal principles of morality, distinguished from the narrow tenets which form the complexion of any sect, and for our assiduity in the whole circle of education. Samuel S. Smith. P. S. — The principal building of. the Academy not being yet completed, those gentlemen who desire their children to enter im- mediately will be obliged to take lodgings for them in the neighborhood, during the winter session, which may be done in houses sufficiently convenient, on very reasonable terms. TO THE PRINTERS. Gentlemen — I have read in your Gazette, for some weeks past, an advertisement from Prince Edward county, intimating that an Academy will certainly be opened in that county on the loth of November next, for the instruction of youth, which, as it is a laudable design, ought to be encouraged. For certain it is, that public schools, under proper regulations, might prove extremely advantageous. But as I am sensible that some worthy gentlemen, who, by their generous contributions, endeavoring to promote this undertaking, have not been sufficiently aware of the evil consequences that might arise from the way and manner in which it is intended to be conducted, I think it my duty, as a member of society, to point out some of them, and appeal to the impartial public, whether it is not every man's duty to prevent all probable future, as well as present, evils by all lawful means in his power. And in compliance with my duty, though unwilling to offend any man, I must observe, that I think it inconsistent with prudence or good policy to suffer a dissenter to teach in any of our public schools, much less to act as President, both which are intended to take place in the Prince Edward Academy. Mr. Smith's character as a man, (as far as I know) may be unexceptionable, but still, as a Presb)rterian, his confessions of faith show that he believes and professes doctrines which are not only repugnant to the doctrines of the Church of England, but, in my opinion, even subversive of morality. * * * Whether it is proper, then, that the education of our youth" should be entrusted to those who believe such doctrines, or profess i6 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. to believe them, let every parent who has the spiritual interest of his child at heart determine. ' Among the different sciences proposed to be taught at this school, the study of divinity is mentioned as one, and can it be supposed that a dissenting clergyman, acting under the direction and subject to the control of a Presbytery of Dissenters, who are visitors of this school, viz., the Presbytery of Hanover, is a proper person to bring up students for the Church of England? Can the most extensive charity suppose that he will approve of the doctrines of a church with which he will not hold communion? The probable conse- quence of employing dissenting ministers would be that we should see dissenters in a short time in gowns and cassodks, eating the bread of a church to which they are no friends. Of which, it is said, there are some instances in the country at this time, who prove by their conduct that an increase of their number would be no blessing. No dissenter can complain as long as they are permitted the free exercise of their religion without molestation, but where their strides evidently tend to secure the establishment in their favor, they need not wonder if they are opposed by all who prefer the present establishment to them. If gentlemen of fortune in the lower parts of the country, ' should remove their families to the back counties during the continuance of the civil war, it is more than probable that several of their children would be sent to the Prince Edward School, for want of a better opportunity, and it is an universal remark that youth are generally prejudiced in favor of the school in which they are educated, and are very apt to imbibe and defend their master's sentiments. If this school should meet with that en- couragement which Mr. Smith seems to intimate in his advertise- ntent, we might reasonably expect, in a few years, to see our Senate-house, as well as pulpits, filled with dissenters; and thus they might, by an easy transition, secure the establishment in their own favor. To those that think this hardly possible, let me observe, that small evils, long neglected, have often proved fatal. Therefore, I would advise, not as a dictator, but as a friend to mankind in general, and to this colony in particular, that every member of the Church of England, who is a subscriber to this school, would withhold his contribution till the school is put under the care of masters who are all members of the Church of England. For to suppose that a dissenter is a proper tutor to bring up members for the Church of England, is full as absurd as it would be to assert that to establish Popery in Quebec is the most effectual method to proselyte the inhabitants to the Protestant faith. I am gentlemen, Your very humble servant, Luther. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 17 TO THE PRINTERS. Gentlemen — I ami not under the least apprehension that I shall suifer any injury by the production of a certain Luther, in your Gazette of the i8th instant, which carries upon it the visible features of malice and disappointment. Unless the honesty of the man's principles, in piously exhorting "the subscribers to the Academy to withhold their contributions," should merit a little encomium, there is but one insinuation in his performance to which I shall pay the least regard. He supposes that the Presbytery of Hanover are to be "visitors" of the Academy, directly contrary to the assurance which I gave to the public in my advertisement. Although I might rely upon my credit with the world, at least as much as a man who seems afraid to acknowledge his name ; yet, because the insinuation is plausible, I shall explain that matter. It is true the Presbyterian clergy first concerted the measure, as friends to the interests of learning and virtue, which had lain neglected long enough, and under their auspices it acquired considerable maturity. But, far from being governed by contracted notions, that they might extend the utility of the institution, they have now yielded the power of visitation and of managing the general concern of the Academy, into the hands of trustees, who are chiefly members of the Church of England. Let him produce an instance of equal candor from those of any other church. On his narrow principles we could form no very flattering hopes, who will not suffer a dissenter, though ever so well qualified, to have any connection with the management of a place of education. And so great is his zeal upon this head, that he makes no scruples to recommend the grossest iniquity to rob them even of the smallest share in an institution which they have the merit of erecting, and the still greater merit of establishing on a Catholic plan. I hope I have already given assurances to the public of the candor of my intentions, and of the Catholicism of the principles I shall inculcate in the course of education. If there yet remains a scruple in the minds of any of the good people of this colony, I shaH not attempt to remove it by replying to anonymous scribblers, but by my practice and the reputation of my scholars. And if any man hereafter shall think proper to vent his slanders tinder the concealment of a feigned name, he shall enjoy the glory of the combat and the victory to himself. He merits no attention from the publfc, nor from mte. Samuel S. Smith. i8 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Hampden Sidney, November 23, 1775. At a meeting of the trustees of this Academy, held on the loth instant, Captain Phil: Holcombe was elected steward. The steward is appointed to furnish wholesome diet to the students, one-half of the meat at least to be fresh, and one-half of the bread to be made of the fine flour of wheat. And he obliges himself to furnish servants to keep their rooms clean and in good order, for which services he is to receive at the rate of eight pounds currency per annum, forty shillings of this always to be paid at the beginning of the year, to enable him to procure good provisions and at a cheap rate. The students will be obliged to provide their own beds, or to pay a moderate hire for them, and to buy their own candles, and washing, which they may do at a small expense. For some years they will be permitted to take their wood off the land belonging to the Academy gratis. I have the pleasure to inform the public that, notwithstanding the principal building of the Academy is at present so incomplete, the steward will remove his family thither immediately, and before the ist of January he Will be able, with the assistance of a few neighbors, who live well, and are within less than two miles of Hampden Sidney, to accommodate all the young gentlemen who may be put under my care. I presume we shall not need the assistance of the neighborhood longer than till next summer, when the buildings will be chiefly erected. Samuel Stan : Smith. N. B. — I have taken care to furnish the library with all the school bodks that are necessary in the course of education, which the students may make use of at a very moderate annual rate, and save themselves a great expense in buying books. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 19 "A petition of sundry inhabitants of the County of Prince Ed- ward, whose names are thereunto subscribed [the first petition of dissenters to the House of Delegates] was presented to the House and read, setting forth, that they heartily approve and cheerfully submit themselves to the form of government adopted for this State, and hope that the United American States will long continue free and independent; * * * that justice to themselves and posterity makes it their indispensable duty in particular to entreat, that, without delay, all church establish- ments might be pulled down, and every tax upon conscience and private judgment abolished, and each individual left to rise or sink by his own merit, and the general laws of the land." — Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia, October 11, 1776. CALENDAR. At a Board of Trustees Sept. 26th, 1776. Present, the Revd. Messrs. Samuel S. Smith, Archd. Mc- Robert, Caleb Wallace, Colo. Paul Carrington, Mr. Natl. Vena- ble, Mr. Jas. Venable, and Frs. Watkins. Messrs. McRobert, Smith, Vicnable, and Watkins, a committee to draw up a Memorial of the present state of Hampden Sidney College to be laid before the next Convention, General Assembly, and to solicit their countenance for help. Nathaniel Venable and Paul Carrington have leave to build an house on the Academy land — for their sons or others as students (for the use of the Academy) . Treasurer's acc't read. Bal. to Debit, £36.7. loj^. r Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia. L Williamsburg : Alexander Purdie. p. 79. Saturday, November 16, 1776, . A memorial of the trustees of the Academy of Hamp- den-Sidney, in the County of Prince Edward, was presented to the House, and read; setting forth, that a considerable number of gentlemen in that and the neighboring counties, convinced of the Importance of polite literature to their children and their country; and of the difficulty of acquiring it in their remote situa- tion, have by their own efforts, and the private contributions they were able to collect, erected an academy for that purpose, which is distinguished by the name of Han^den-Sidney, in memory of those great patrons of liberty and letters ; that the rapid growth, and the general reputation into which it hath risen, in a short time, have rendered it, they hope, an object not unworthy the attention of the Legislature of Virginia; that literature, at all times ornamental, is now justly considered as necessary to the existence and stability of this rising Commonwealth, and may therefore claim the encouragement as well as the protection of her laws. That they are aware of the expenses that attend a war in the infancy of a government, and commenced under every disadvant- age, wherein we were involved by the security into which our innocence had misled us; but that, even under the growing load John Blair Smith. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 21 of publick debt, there are reasons which seemed to them to justify and render necessary the present application. That in the course of human life, and during the ravages of a destructive war, it is very uncertain how many of those who now fill our civil and military departmfents may survive the calamities of their country ; and that it is a fact well known, and regretted in many counties, that few remain behind capable of supplying the places of those who shall be torn from the Commonwealth by death or by war. That our resources for education from Britain are cut. off. That the prospect of leaving an extensive republick young and unexperienced, before it hath acquired stability, to be guided by the councils and defended by the arms of unskilful and unlettered men, is too unfavorable to be indulged by any lover of his country. That it may be too late to seek a remedy for the evil at the termination of the war, an event that is uncertain, and may be remote. That they do not forget there is already a college amply endowed, but it is at present, and for a long time may be, too near the seat of danger, and too much in the midst of camps, to render its country that service it would other- wise be capable of doing. That if every circumstance of situa- tion and of common opinion were united in its favour, wise politicians will remember that it is dangerous to entrust so im- portant a power as learning in the hands of a single person, or only a few. That those who are acquainted with the history of England well know that the rivalship of Cambridge and Oxford hath more than once preserved the liberties of that kingdom, which might have fallen a sacrifice if one of them had possessed the sole prerogative of education. That besides, they conceive knowledge should be diffused as equally and as extensively as possible among the people. That their designs carry in them no opposition to any place, or party of men ; their system is catholick, and calculated to banish those insidious distinctions, which, how- ever little they may have been felt under a monarchical govern- ment, are improper and injurious in a republick State. That they do not claim to be set on a footing that will rival the publick seminary which is already established, their publick services not having yet merited it ; they only pray the Legislature will enable them to erect such buildings as are necessary to accommodate the great number of students who daily apply for admission into the academy, and whose hopes of an education are likely to be frus- trated through the want of room for their reception ; and that they may be placed on such a stage where they may have an oppor- tunity of convincing the publick whether the interests of educa- tion are likely to suffer in their management, or whether their industry and success in the service of their country will be such as to deserve their future favour and indulgence. That con- siderably mere than one hundred students have already applied 22 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. to be received at the commencement of the next session, and that they have the greatest reason to believe that number might be doubled, in a few months, if it were in the power of the Board to furnish them v/ith proper accommodations. That it is their opinion they could serve the institution better, if the Legislature should be pleased to erect the Board into a corporate body, and to grant the masters such usual exemptions as are deemed necessary to large literary societies. That they do not however urge these matters, trusting that the wisdom and zeal of the House for the publick welfare will performl whatever is consistent with good government, and the more important exigencies of the Common- wealth.] At a Board of Trustees Deer. i8th 1776. Present, the Revd. Messrs. David Rice and Samuel S. Smith, Colo. Nash, Mr. Peter Johnson, Mr. Nathl. Venable, Mr. Jas. Venable, and Frans. Watkins. Mr. President and his assistant teachers have divided the money for the present year for schooling. Application made by Capt. Holcombe, Steward, for the Academy, 'that this Board should consider his allowance for boarding the students, and moved that such further allowance may be made for the ensuing year as from the advanced price of provisions and other necessaries for their Diet they may think reasonable.' Allowance, if), not increased, and diet strictly prescribed — diets as heretofore for breakfast and supper, 'not suitable but very unfit for students.' At a Board of Trustees at H. Sidney Academy March nth, 1777, in consequence of the Steward's notice. Colo. John Nash, President. Present, Revd. Richd. Synkey, Revd. Caleb Wallace, Peter Johnson, Jas. Venable, Rev. David Rice, Revd. S. S. Smith, Natl. Venable, Frans. Watkins. Capt. Wm. Bibb, the lowest bidder, appointed Steward from the 1st of July next. At a Board of Trustees at Hampden Sidney Academy, April nth 1777. Present, Revd. Messrs. David Rice and Caleb Wallace, Mr. Peter Johnson, Mr. Jno. Morton, Mr. Natl. Venable, Mr. Jas. Venable, and Frans. Watkins. Capt. John Morton chosen President pro tempore in the room of Colo. John Nash, absent. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 23 Memorial to last General Assembly withdrawn. Committee (Paul Carrington, John Morton, James Madison, Jr., Natl. Vena- ble, Fran. Watkins) to draw scheme for a Lottery, for addi- tional buildings. Members of Board to solicit donations from the publick for the finishing a chapel, and paying Steward [Capt. Philemon Holcombe] for improvements made. Mr. Venable appointed to agree with some workman for building a chapel. [Broadside, printed in supplement to Virginia Gazette, July 25, 1777- HAMPDEN SIDNEY LOTTERY. I Prize of 2000 Dollars, 2000 Dollars 2 1000 2000 4 500 2000 6 200 1200 10 100 1000 20 SO 1000 30 25 750 100 15 1500 1000 10 lOOOO 1310 5 6550 2483 Prizes 28000 3117 Blanks 5600 Tickets 5 Dollars each Deduction 4200 Dollars £1260 The Lottery is permitted by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia for the purpose of raising i26o£ to be laid out in erecting additional buildings to the academy of Hampden-Sidney, in the county of Prince Edward. That academy was set on foot by the private donations of a number of gentlemen, who consid- ered the importance of polite literature to their children and their country, and the difficulty of acquiring it. Their efforts, and the faithful discharge of duty in the teachers and professors, have been attended with such success, that this seminary hath gained general credit and reputation. Nothing remains necessary to complete the work, so as to be of general utility, but sufficient additional buildings for the reception and entertainment of a great number of students who wish to be admitted. As every person must be convinced of the importance and necessity of education and literary improvement, it is not doubted that this scheme will meet with the approbation of all well-wishers to 24 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. society, and that they will forward this generous design by be- coming adventurers. The managers appointed are, Paul Carrington, William Cabell, James Madison, Junr., John Morton, Thomas Read, Nathaniel Venable, and Francis Watkins, gentlemen, or any four of them, who are to give bond with security, and take an oath, well and faithfully to discharge their trust, and for paying to the fortunate adventurers the prizes that may be drawn, deducting 15 per cent. for the money intended to be raised by the scherrie. The draw- ing will be at the courthouse of Prince Edward county, and so soon as the tickets are disposed of, notice of the time will be published in the Virginia Gazette. Tickets are to be had of any of the managers, and at the Post Office in Williamsburg. N. B. All prizes not demanded within four months after publication will be deemed generous donations for the purpose of the scheme.] At a Board of Trustees of Hampden S. Academy (at the particu- lar request of Mr. Jno. Springer) May 17th 1777. Present, Colo. Nash, President, the Revd. Messrs. Archd. Mc- Robert and Caleb Wallace, Mr. Peter Johnson, Mr. Natl. Venable, Mr. James Venable, and Frans. Watkins. Mr. Springer's candour in giving information against himself regarding his indiscretion at a tavern in New London on the i8th day of last month. Mr. Springer, after suspension, to be restored to his office of assistant teacher. At a session 61 the Board at Hampden Sidney, July 22d, 1777. Present, Colo. John Nash, President, Revd. Archd. McRobert, and Saml S. Smith, Colo. Thos. Read, Capt. Jno. Morton, Mr. Natl. Venable, and Frans. Watkins. Capt. Wm. Bibb hath leave to put two additional rooms to the house Capt. Holcombe resided in, and to add 16 ft. to the dining room. Work to be valued by arbitration. At a session of a Board of Trustees at Hampden Sidney, Deer, nth, 1777. Present, Colo. John Nash, President, the Revd. Messrs. Rice, Synkey, Caleb Wallace, and Saml. S. Smith, Capt. Jno. Morton, Mr. Natl. Venable, Mr. Jas. Venable, and Frans. Watkins. Another Steward to be employed. The present Steward's re- fusal to comply with his agreement in every part, makes it neces- sary to discontinue him in the midst of the year for which he had engaged. Increased cost of provisions. Price of boarding James Madison. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 25 advanced to £20 per scholar per annum. Diet prescribed. Breakfast at 8 o'clock. Dinner at i o'clock. Supper at 8 o'clock. Three of the teachers to be boarded free from charges. Steward exempt from dieting for 9 weeks in the year (the vacation). If students depart this life or enter the service, advanced money to be refunded. Trustees to visit the diets.^ ^Of the first staff of instructors were several recent graduates of the College of New Jersey — David Witherspoon (a son of Dr. Witherspoon, of Scotland and Princeton), Samuel Doak, and John Springer, besides the brothers Samuel Stanhope and John Blair Smith. The first Presi- dent, Samuel Stanhope Smith, remained in charge of the Academy four years, returning in 1779 to Princeton, of which he became President in 1795. He was succeeded at Hampden Sidney by John Blair Smith, a man of great courage and force of charactei, during whose administra- tion the Academy was chartered as a College. There was no earlier distinctively college charter still in force granted by any legislative body in the Southern States, at least south of Maryland. In the vacation of 1777 John Blair Smith, with a company of students of which he was captain, marched to Williamsburg to defend the coun- try. As the event was, their services were not needed [See Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, XVH, 442]. The Academy seems never to have been closed, during a whole session, on account of the war. The records of the Board of Trustees, as shown, are incomplete for the years 1777-1782. But Dr. Foote, in the first volume of his Sketches, p. 400, adduces evidence for the continuity of the exercises of the Academy during that period. With the exception of John Blair Smith the first staff of instructors, had disappeared by 1779. It is possible that James Mitchell and Charles Wingfield, appointed Tutors in 1776 and 1778, may have assisted Presi- dent Smith after 1779. It is possible that President Smith was the sole instructor, or that his assistants from 1780 to 1784 have been forgotten. Of the first group, John Springer became a teacher and preacher in South Carolina and Georgia— very much of a pioneer in those activities in the up country south of the Savannah river. Of Samuel Doak,. founder of the first literary institution in the Mississippi Valley, it is stated : "No man of his generation perhaps did so much for the education of Tennessee or exercised such a beneficent influence." [Merriam, Higher Education in Tennessee.. Bulletin, Bureau of Eudcation, 1893, p. 227.] This lacuna in the Board Minutes during the war was due in part to the great difficulty of the question of 'Diets.' Where Diets are a vanishing quantity there cannot well be a number of consumers, of the student class. Thus early the matter of Commons was vexed. It con- tinued to be so during times of peace as well as of war. The whole subject is an instance of how natural laws may not be disregarded: eat- ing in commons is no business for boys. Long ago the celebrated Dr.. Cooper said to the Board of Trustees of South Carolina College — "the College is in yearly jeopardy of being destroyed by the disputes about eating." As for the period, 1777-1782, it is to be remembered that the students of Yale College were dispersed in 1776 and in 1777, because the Steward was quite unable to provide rations; and in 1779 the begin- ning of the winter term at Yale was delayed several weeks for the same reason. 26 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. At a meeting of a Board of Trustees, Deer. 19th 1782. Present, the Revd. Jno. B. Smith and Archd. McRobert, Messrs. Jno. Morton, Jos. Parks, Charles Allen, Wm. Booker, and Saml. W. Venable. Archd. McRobert, Chairman, and Saml. W. Venable, Clerk, pro tempore. Ordered, that a resolution of the Presbytery of Hanover [dated New Providence, Oct. 24th, 1782] be read and entered on the Minutes — 'The Presbytery agreeable to the original institution of that Academy appoint [as Trustees] Messrs. James Allen, Charles Allen, Saml. W. Vtenable, William Booker, Wm Morton, of Charlotte, Joseph Parks, and Colo. Thos. Scott, in addition to those who already act in that capacity.' Ordered, that every proceeding relative to the Academy be entered in a blank book belonging to the Academy,^ and that Mr. Charles Allen, the Revd. Jno. B. Smith, and Saml. W. Venable have the care of this business as a Committee for the ensuing year. Ordered, that there be four stated quarterly ^ meetings, the first Thursday in March, June, September, and December. Committee to report on appointment of Mr. Jno. Overstreet as Steward to the Academy. Committee [McRobert, Jno, B. Smith, and Colo. Nash] to have the care of the rooms of the Academy — these to be left by occupants in repair. Ribom rent, £3 per room. At a Board of Trustees, March 6th, 1783. Present, Jno. B. Smith, McRobert, Jno Morton, Chas. Allen, James Allen, John Nash, Thos. Scott, Sam : W. Venable. McRdbert, Chairman ; Venable, Clerk, pro. temp. / Committee for entering papers in a blank book having found it necessary to consult Mr. Francis Watkins' book of accounts, Mr. Watkins is added to the Committee. John Holcombe Overstreet confirmed as Steward. Room rent to be 10 shillings for every student. Managers of the Lottery to be notified that the state of the Academy makes a settlement of their accounts necessary. Mc- Robert, John Blair Smith, Charles Allen, and Sam : W. Venablq to petition the General Assembly for the incorporation of the Board.^ Same committee to petition for the withdrawal of the Academy's funds from the Loan Offiice. ^The few pages of this book that have been preserved appear in the Introduction. 'Where was the institution about to be incorporated? See Advertise- ment of General Lawson in the Virginia Gazette or American Ad- vertiser (Richmond), Feb. I, 1783. — Good dwelling house, &c., 'on the main road leading from Philadelphia to Charleston' — suitable for either public or private purposes — near College. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 27 Letter read from Nathaniel V?enable, requesting payment of money advanced for purchase of Library. At a meeting of a Board of Trustees, April 226., 1783. Present, the Revd. Mr. Smith, Col. Nash, Col. Scott, Mr. Nathaniel Venable, Mr. Morton, Mr. Booker, Mr. James Allen, Mr. Charles Allen, Mr. Thomas Watkins, [?] Mr. James Venable, and Mr. Parks. The Revd. Mr. Smith empowered to charge students using Library books for school purposes % the value of such books, the money to be appropriated for purchasing new books. Committee petitioning for incorporation to add to the names of the Trustees entered in the petition, Colo. Joel Watkins, Colo. Evrd. Meade, and Mr. Richd. Foster. On application, Capt. James Morton to be Steward, at the expiration of the time Mr. Overstreet engaged for. At a Board of Trustees June Sth, 1783. Present, the Revd. Messrs. Synkey, McRobert, and John B. Smith, Col. Nash, Mr. Jas. Allen, Jno. Morton, Wm. Booker, Jo. Parks, Chas. Allen, and Sam : W. Venable. Revd. Mr. Synkey, Chairman. Peter Hales to be paid £15 for repairs to Academy. Revd. Mr. Smith' continued in appointment to give notice to the Managers of the Hampden Sidney Lottery to maike a speedy settlement of their acc'ts. The Committee for petitioning the Assembly for the incor- porating this Academjy report that they have done the business agreeable to the order of this Board, and have obtained an act of incorporation for this Board. 1783. Nov. 18. Mr. McRobert. 1 Students not boarding with the steward to pay to him 20 shillings for room-attendance. 1784. Mar. 4. Col. Nash. A letter received from the Revd. David Rice, setting forth his resignation as a Trustee of the College. Ordered, that in future the steward collect the rent of rooms from the students. Genl. Lawson, the Revd. John B. Smith, and Charles Allen a Committee for further application to the Assembly for aid. 'Beginning here, the chairman of each meeting is indicated after the date. 28 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. [Calendar, Virginia State Papers, edited by Dr. W. P. Palmer and Sherwin McRae (Hampden Sidney, class of 1822), Vol. V, p. 50: Memorial from John B. Smith & Ro. Lawson to the Gk)vernor and Members of the Council, in Behalf of Hampden Sidney College. Gentlemen : As you are not less distingunished for your abilities and taste in polite learning than for your high rank in the State, we are encouraged to address you in behalf of the College of Hampden Sidney. It has been instituted and carried on to a considerable degree of usefulness by the generous donations of individuals, neither connected by particular favour nor interest. From the same benevolent source alone, we derive a supply to answer the various exigences which arise in such an institution. As we are now engaged in building a Conimon Hall for the public academi- cal exercise of the students, and have no funds for defraying the expence, we are obliged to solicit aid from the Patrons of Science for this purpose. Our principal design in the erection of this building is to promote the useful and ornamental practice of speaking with ease in public. And as your experience in the business of the State undoubtedly convinces you gentlemen of the importance of an early habit and address in oratory, we pre- sume you will cheerfully encourage any useful plan for the cul- tivation of it in this Government. And as the public periodical exhibitions of the Students at the College have been attended with the best effects this way, though they have laboured under many disadvantages for the want of a proper building for the purpose, we flatter ourselves that you will grant us such assist- ance as you may judge to be convenient and necessary upon the present occasion. We are Gentlemen, Your very humble servts.] 1784. June 23. Mr. McRobert. Primary intention that room rents be used 'to preserve the College and its buildings in repair.' Gifts received: 2 vols, of Chambers' dictionary very elegantly executed — from Colo. Everard Meade of Amelia; 3 vols, of Sir Isaac Newton's Prin- cipia — from Genl. Robert Lawson ; and 2 vols, of Dr. Wither- spoon's Essays — from Colo. John Nash. Also a Wilson's pocket microscope given by Colo. David Stokes of Lunenburg. The Board undertook the business and thought proper to adopt the following: THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 29 LAWS & ORDINANCES FOR THE REGULATION OF THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SYDNEY. I. Of Classes. 1. The students shall be arranged by the President and Masters into three distinct forms or classes, the lowest of which shall be called the Sophomore Class, the second the Junior Class, and the highest the Senior Class. 2. In order to admission into the Sophomore Class the stu- dents shall be acquainted with the English Grammar, Caesar's Commentaries, Sallust, Virgil, and the Roman Antiquities. 3. In order to admission into the Junior Class the students shall be acquainted with Cicero's Orations, Geography, Horace, the Greek Testament, and Arithmetic. 4. In order to admission into the Senior Class, the students shall be acquainted with Lucian, Xenophon, Euclid's Elements of Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, and Algebra. 5. Those students who are candidates for Literary Degrees shall be acquainted with all the studies before recited, as well as Longinus, Philosophy, History, Cronology, and Criticism. 6. The last examination shall be held in the presence of the President and Trustees; and those who pass with approbation shall have four weeks recess from business, before their degrees are conferred, to prepare for , their publick exhibition and then if no impediment further be in the way, they shall commence Bachelors of the Liberal Arts and Sciences. 7. None shall be admitted to degrees, however in other respects qualified unless he first produce a certificate from the President and Steward of having discharged his College expences. 8. The first Tuesday in May annually shall be the time for conferring degrees upon the candidates, the order of which together with the diflferent exercises is hereby left to the direc- tion of the President and Masters. 9. Each candidate for degrees shall pay the sum of four Dollars to the President upon signing his diploma. 10. After a space of two years, they who have taken their first degree in the arts, may be admitted to the degree of Masters. — The members of College in the three Classes shall be required to wear Distinguishing habits of black at publick prayers and at church. 11. All other students who come for instruction to the College, and do not choose to go through a regular course of education may be permitted to join any of the Classes in the study of 30 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. those parts of science which they wish to obtain the knowledge of, and during such connexion they shall also be required to wear the College habit as other students do, and be under the same regulations as other students are. Any other description of students shall be considered as in the Grammar school, subject however to the general laws and orders of the College. 2. Of Teachers. 1. There shall be in the College at present, besides the Presi- dent, one Tutor of the Sophomore and Junior Classes, one French Master and one English Master. 4. The President and Masters shall as soon as it can be made convenient, wear College Habits, distinguishable in form from those of the students. 3. Of Studies. I. The students shall be obliged to attend to business in the hours appointed by the president and masters; and none shall absent themselves from their rooms after 9 o'clock at night. 4. Of Religion & Morality. 1. Publick prayers shall be held every morning at 6 o'clock in some convenient place, and every evening at 5 o'clock, by the President or one of the Masters, when all the students shall attend with gravity and decency; whoever shall violate this law shall be reprimanded by the president or master officiating and fined not exceeding 4 d., and upon a repetition of the offence be punished at discretion. 2. All the students shall be required to attend publick worship on the Lord's-day whenever it shall be convenient ; that is when- ever it shall be within three mjles of the College, and when there, shall behave seriously and devotedly — any student violat- ing this article shall be punished as above, except that he may be fined not exceeding 8 d. 7. Nteither shall any student be found in any ordinary nor even on any pretences unless at stated meals, nor drink any strong liquors or mixtures of them, in the company of others, during the different sessions of business in the College. 5. Of Decency & Propriety. 2. Any student that disfigures or injures any of the buildings or their furniture he shall repair the damage double. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 31 6. Of Authority. 2. Every student upon meeting the President or any of the Tutors shall salute him respectfully, and during the time of recitation, or when beginning to address them upon any occasion, shall stand upright with the head uncovered. 7. Of Sundries. 1. Every student shall upon entrance pay for six months' tuition and boarding and the same in advance at the expiration of every six months * * 2. Each student shall write out and keep by him a coppy of such a part of these Laws as the President shall direct. 8. Of Graduates. Whenever it shall happen that any persons who have received degrees here or elsewhere shall desire to spend some further time in studying at this place, they shall have the privilege of using the books in the Library upon conforming to the Laws of the College as far as they can with propriety be apply'd to them. 9. Of a Steward. I. The office of a Steward is to furnish proper provisions to the students three times every day, at such times as shall suit the hours of study, to have their beds made up and to keep the houses in proper neatness. 3. The Steward shall be allowed the privilege of keeping a house of private entertainment and retailing such articles of merchandize as may not interfere with the discharge of his duty. 4. He shall be allowed the exclusive boarding of such students as cannot come from their homes, except when any particularly requests to live with the President and he consents to take them. As our funds are too small to build an house sufficiently large for the publick exercises of the College, upon motion. Resolved, that Messrs. McRobert, Chas. Allen, and Smith be a committee to wait on the vestry of the Episcopal Church or whatever body may have the direction of the property secured by law to that church and treat with them for the removal of French's Church to this place.^ ^French's Church stood about a mile and a half from the College, near French's Store, later King's Tavern, later Kingsville. French soldiers were quartered there after 1781, and it is supposed that seventy of them, dying of smallpox, are buried in the churchyard. The name was due to Andrew French, a Scotch factor. 32 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Upon motion, Ordered that the Chairman wait on Genl. Lawson with the thanks of this Board for his assiduous atten- tion to the interest of the College. Resolved, that Mr. Wm. Mahon be appointed the Tutor of the Sophomore and Junior Class, and that Mr. Drury Lacy be appointed English Master. Ordered, that in the future our quarterly meetings shall be held in the College dining-room, and that the Steward have previous notice to prepare a dinner for the President and Trustees. A form for diplomas to be prepared and a seal secured. 1784. July 19. Mr. McRobert. Submission of agreement with church wardens [Philemon Holcombe and Richard Foster] relative to the removal of French's Church — 'i. That the property remain forever in the Episcopal Church. 2. That the Trustees make such repairs in it as they judge necessary at their own expense, and shall have the privilege of making use of it forever as a Common Hall.'' Committee appointed to superintend the removal. 1784. Sept. 2. Capt. Jno. Morton. Ratification of agreement with Church-wardens. Removal of church postponed until further orders. Capt. John Morton and Charles Allen a committee to let the building a Common Hall 40 feet by 30 and 15 feet pitch [changed to 52x34, June 15, 1785]- 1784. Dec. 22. Col. Nash. The committee appointed for superintending the building a Commlon Hall made their report. Mr. Francis Watkins to give such orders as he shall think necessary for the collecting of the subscriptions. 1785. Apr. 18. Mr. McRobert. State of a dispute between Mr. Mahon, one of the Tutors of the College, and Mr. Crawford, one of the students, which ended in the expulsion of Mr. Crawford by sentence of the president and tutors. Upon mature deliberation, sentence re- versed. Mr. Mahon to occupy the house built on College land by Overstreet. ■ *This transaction is typical of the fortunes of the Episcopal Church after the Revolution. Richard Foster, church-warden, was a Trustee of the College. Thomas Read. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 33 Damages to College property inflicted by unknown perpetrators shall be equally levied upon all the students. 1785. June 15. Mr. Nash. Rules adopted 'respecting the Meeting and duty of the Presi- dent and Trustees in their corporate capacity," with a form of diploma prescribed. Acc't settled with Mr. Venable — still due him £109. 8. Martin Smith directed to pay rents of French's store due prior to acquisition by Board. Resolved, that Mr. Watkins con- tinue to give such orders respecting the subscriptions as he think proper. 1785. Sept. 7. The Revd. Mr. Synkey. Acc't allowed for repairs done to the houses at French's store to the amount of £54. 10. Gen. Lawson, McRobert, and Chas. Allen, committee to petition General Assembly for back rents of French's Store; also to show state of surplus land of Speirs & Co. adjoining said store. Capt. Jno. Morton to collect due subscriptions at s^. If good flour can be bought at 30/ or 32/ per barrel, and delivered, price of board with the Steward to continue the same. 'Riesolved, that when ally of the students of this College shall upon examination appear to be as well acquainted with the French language as it is usual to expect that candidates for Literary Degrees should be acquainted with Greek, that such students' passing the usual examination in other branches of science shall be admitted to a degree without being acquainted with Greek.' 1785. Sept. 27. Mr. McRobert. Mr. Wm. Mahon, one of the Tutors, appeared and complained to the board that he has been repeatedly insulted by the students of the College by their throwing stones &c at his person and house in the night. 1785. Dec. 1. Mr. McRobert. Resolved, as the opinion of this Board that Mr. Overstreet had not any right to transfer the house in question at the time when Mr. Mahon made the purchase. In regard to the disorders complained of by Mr. Mahon, the Board can do nothing in the case at present. I" * * * Every member of the Board shall use his influence in 'recommending the College upon proper occasions, and obviating any unreasonable prejudices against it which they may have an opportunity of observing." 34 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1786. Mar. 9. The Revd. Richd. Sankey. President to give publidk notice in the Virginia Gazette that no student will be rec'd in future without first paying room rent in advance and all arrearages. Conunittee to give immediate and particular attention to the small red house at French's Store^ — either sell it or secure it from the weather. Capt. Jno. Morton to purchase a ticket in the Mason's Lottery for the use of the College. 1786. Apr. 28. Mr. McRobert. The President laid before the Board a petition from about 30 of the students praying for a dismission of Mr. Mahon. Mr. Mahon also appeared before the board and informed them that he could act no longer in the capacity of Tutor. The Board agreed to accept of his resignation, and referred the form of his dismission wholly to the President's discretion.^ 1786. June 22. Mr. McRobert. Capt. Jno. Morton has purchased ticket No. 113 in the Free Mason's lottery. Another ticket 231 was presented to the Col- lege by Mr. John Mason. Three other tickets No. 1292, 1293,, and 1294 were presented by Mr. Martin Smith under the follow- ing conditions, viz. if these tickets draw prises the money or so much of it as may be sufficient be layed out in the purchase of a good sett of scenes and dresses for the use of the students, in their public exhibitions. The Board are dissatisfied with Capt. Richard Allen, the under- taker of the Common Hall, for not having complyed with his contract as undertaker. The President informed the Board that he had agreed with an engraver to execute a seal for this corporation. 1786. Sept. 22. Mr. McRobert. Degrees conferred [eight candidates].^ Upon motion re- ^The French's Store tract, 412 acres with appurtenances, had been- granted to the College in 1784 — See Hening's Statutes at Large, XI, 392, This was property of Alexander Speirs, John Bowman & Company, merchants in Glasgow, escheated to the Commonwealth. It was fairly- valuable property, the rents of which were very useful for many years. "William Mahon, of the Class of 1782 (Princeton), removed to Kentucky; he seems to have been in trouble most of his life. See Alex- ander, Princeton College in the Eighteenth Century. "Of this first graduating class, three were lawyers and two ministers. One of the lawyers was John W. Eppes, who beat John Randolph for Congress in 1813. Mr. Eppes was for a year or two in the Senate. He was a relative and son-in-law of Thomas Jefferson. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 35 solved that Mr. WmL P. Hunt on recommendation from Doer. Weatherspoon and Doer. Smith of Princetown be admitted to a degree of Batchelor of the liberal arts, honoris gratia. 1787. Mar. 9. Mr. Sankey. Substitution of French for Greek 'has been found to produce an unfavorable effect upon the students with respect to their improvement in science.' Regulation rescinded, 'except that they shall not be examined upon more Greek than the Greek Testa- ment, Lucian, and the first book of Xenophon, provided they shall be tolerably acquainted with the French tongue.' 1787. June 28. Mr. Sankey. Degrees conferred : candidates 'members of the late class which was admitted to degrees last fall.' The Revd. Henry Pattillo- of North Carolina, Master of Arts, honoris gratia — 'proposed to the Board as a gentleman upon whom it would be proper to confer the degree.'^ 1787. June 28. Mr. McRobert. Mr. Drury Lacy to take the inspection of the College build- ings; that he inspect them at least once in every week, and cause the students in the rooms when he finds any damage com- mitted to pay for the repairs immediately. Capt. Jas. Morton to have the care of the College buildings in vacancy. Five shillings to be deposited with the Steward by entering students as a fund to pay for damages. The Board no longer look to Capt. Richard Allen for the finishing the Common Hall. Capt. Jno. Morton to purchase a box of glass 9x11 (sub- scriptions for this particular purpose) for repair of windows. 1788. June 5. Mr. McRobert. Common Hall not finished. Committee of arbitration appointed to value Captain Allen's work. Capt. Jno. Morton, collector for the College, to render his account of all monies received, with vouchers. ^Patillo's Sermons, printed at Wilmington [Del.] in 178^ contain this, acknowledgment— "I cannot allow the foregoing little treatise to see the light without acquainting the public how greatly I am obliged to my learned and pious friend President Smith, of Hampden Sydney, for the careful perusal he has given my manuscripts, amidst his numerous and important avocations." 36 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Mr. James Blythe, a member of the Senior Class,^ being under an absolute necessity of visiting Carolina his native state in the course of the summer and of being absent at the examina- tion and commencement of his class in September applied to the Board for a diploma. Degree conferred, 'provided he review geography.' 1788. July 3. Col. Nash. The Revd. Mr. Smith gave notice to the board that he had determined to rem'ove from College about the month of November next to his plantation in the neighbourhood ; intending to devote much less of his time to College business than he has hereto- fore done, he proposes to resign his office should the Board prefer. The Revd. Mr. Smith repeated his proposal of continuing to act as president while residing at his plantation in the neigh- bourhood; he agrees to attend College three times a week and take immediate charge of the Senior Class. The Board there- fore determine to appoint Mr. Drury Lacy vice president and vest him with the authority of president in the absence of the Revd. Mr. Smith. Tuition money to be divided: 2/5 to Mr. Lacy, 2/5 to an assistant; the remainder to the President. 1788. Sept. 28-29. Colo. Nash— Mr. Sankey. Degrees conferred, [six candidates]. Drury Lacy, A. B., causa meriti 'having gone through a course of liberal education and acted as Tutor several years in the College.' 1789. July 2. Mr. McRobert. The Revd. Mr. Smith informed the Board that he had em- ployed Mr. David Wiley, a graduate from New Jersey College^ to act as one of the Masters in the College, since the beginning >of last November, but that he had not been regularly initiated into office by taking the oath. The Revd. Mr. Smith, president of the College, gives notice "James Blythe (d. J842), with David Rice, (a Charter Trustee of the College), was active in educational affairs in the west. Dr. Blythe was from 1798 Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, &c., in Tran- sylvania University, Kentucky, of which he was for some fifteen years acting President. Towards the end of his life he was President of South Hanover College, Indiana. ''David Wiley was the founder of the Union Society at Hampden Sidney College. He became a minister and died in Pennsylvania in 1813. The Union Society was, so far as appears, the earliest Literary Society in the Southern States, which has had a continuous existence. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 37 to the Board that he shall discontinue the office of president the first day of October next. 1789. July 21. Mr. Nash. Members present, the Honbl. Paul Carrington, Esqr., Mr. Henry &c &c. Resolved, that the Revd. Mr. Smith, Mr. McRobert, Patrick Henry, and Francis Watkins, esqr., or any two of them, be a committee to correspond by letters or otherwise with the members of Congress or any other literary characters to procure a fit person to act as president for the College. Resolved, that the Delegates from this county to the General Assembly be requested to use their influence with the Legislature at their next session in order to procure surveyor's fees formerly appropriated to the university of William and Mary for the use of the College. That the same committee endeavor to secure for the College escheated lands, and a grant of money formerly in the hands of the vestry of the parish of St. Patrick. Mr. Lacy continued as vice president. 1789. Sept. Mr. McRobert. Degrees conferred. [Three candidates]^. Tuition money to be divided between the Revd. Mr. Drury Lacy, Mr. David Wiley, and an assistant if employed. 1790. Jan. 19. Capt. Jno. Morton. Colo. Henry recited to the Board the contents of a Bill brought forwd. in the General Assembly at the last session by himself, which was designed to give a certain proportion of the surveyors' fees in certain districts with some other advantages to this col- lege. Objection was made in the Assembly to the Bill that the intention of the Board had not been advertised agreeable to an order of the House. No answers received from letters to members of Congress and Drs. Witherspoon and Smith relative to securing a Presi- dent. Subscriptions to be methodized. 1790. Mar. 1. Mr. McRobert. Mr. Smith represented that a report had been circulated charg- ing the officers of College with taking unfair and underhanded methods to proselite the students to a particular sect. Mr. David Wiley to resign as Tutor at the end of April. 'Of the class of 1789 were William H. Cabell, Governor of Virginia, &c., and the Rev. Dr. William Hill, an able minister and polemical author. 38 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. The Revd. Mr. Smith and Mr. Lacy to take the earUest oppor- tunity of procuring some fit person to act as a tutor in his room. 1790. Mar. 16. Mr. McRobert. Inquiry regarding the charge of unfair methods to influence the students in their religious principles and to attach them to a party. Five students examined, from different regions, 'whether they had ever observed any attempts in the president and masters to proselyte the students to a religious party or any thing like influencing their minds in favour of any particular denomination ; when they universally agreed that no such attempts have ever come under their observations, but that an enlarged and liberal policy respecting religious parties had invariably been observed in conducting the seminary of Hampden Sidney during their residence at that place.' Ordered, that the Revd. Mr. Smith be requested to publish the result of this inquiry. 1790. Sept. 2. Col. Thomas Scott. John B. Scott to advertise in the public Gazette that the Board design to petition for the surveyors' fees in counties on the south side of James River and below the mountains. The Revd. Drury Lacy to have possession of the President's house and lands. The Revd. John B. Smith to preside at the examination of the candidates for literary degrees in October next, and at the Commencement. 1790. Oct. 19. Degrees conferred. [Three candidates] 1790. Nov. 2. Col. Nash. Col. Charles Allen appointed Commissioner to confer with the Revd. William Graham,^ whether he will accept the office of President. 1790. Dec. 14. Col. Nash. Inquiry. Examination of ten of the students, and one of the masters, respecting a complaint of the diet, particularly in the article of coffee. Mr. John Campbell, one of the Tutors, gave notice that he should not act as Tutor longer than the spring vacancy. ^William Graham, a class mate (1773) of John Blair Smith's at Prince- ton was at this time Rector of Liberty Hall Academy in Rockbridge County. Patkick Heney. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 39 1791. Mar. 22. Mr. McRobert. Subscriptions due. Mr. Joseph Venable appointed Collector at 5^ on the amount of all monies collected or bonded. The Revd. Drury Lacy to take the care of the library. 1791. Apr. 28. The Revd. John B. Smith. Mr. John Campbell,* a Tutor in College having produced a testimonial from the Revd. Archibald Scott, a respectable and learned minister of the gospel in Augusta, of his having finished a course of academical education under his charge and that he Taad stood an honorable public examination upon the Latin and Greek languages and the liberal arts and sciences. Mr. Smith having also assured the board that the Revd. Mr. Patillo of North Carolina whose school Mr. Campbell had the care of for a considerable time, had given him a high character as a scholar and a teacher, with which Mr. Lacy also concurred; the board thought proper under these circumstances and for these reasons to confer on him the degree of Batchelor of Arts, honoris gratia. 1791. Sept. 29. Mr. McRobert. Degrees conferred [seven candidates]^ — Mr. McRobert having been appointed at a former meeting to preside for conferring degrees at this commencement. 1791. Oct. 18. Mr. McRobert. Meeting held at Prince Edward Court House. — ^present, the Honble. Paul Carrington, Esqr., Patrick Henry, Esqr., the Revd. John B. Smith &c &c. *John Poage Campbell, M. D., was a minister in Kentucky and Ohio, and a rather prolific author. He died in 1814. "In the year 1812, while I was a member of Yale College, Dr. Campbell visited Connecticut and passed a few days in New Haven. Dr. Dwight, contrary to his ordinary practice, asked him to preach in the College Chapel. Dr. Dwight ex- pressed great satisfaction in making Dr. Campbell's acquaintance, and spoke of him as a remarkably accomplished scholar and divine." Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, III, 628. Dr. Campbell's Letters to a Gentleman at the Bar was a searching criticism of Erasmus Darwin's theories, showing how Democritus and others had held similar views. Dr. Campbell was an anti-slavery man. See Thomas Marshall Green, Historic Families of Kentucky. Cincinnati, 1889, pp. 50-60. "This was a distinguished class, among the graduates, the Hon. Geo. M. Bibb (Secretary of War, &c. ), the Hon. James Jones, member of Congress, &c., and Dr. Waddell, President of the University of Georgia. William Henry Harrison, President of the United States, was of this class, not a graduate. 40 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. It was unanimously agreed that the office of President should be offered to the Revd. William Graham of Rockbridge. John B. Smith and Samuel W. Venable to write to him on the subject The congregations of Cumberland, Briery, and Cub Creek to be requested to unite their interest with the Board in securing Mr. Graham as President,^ and collegiate minister with Mr. Lacy. 1792. Apr. 2. Mr. McRobert. Members of the Board to make enquiry in the counties of Halifax, Charlotte, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Prince Edward, Campbell, Henry, Pittsylvania, and Franklin, for such estates as may be subject to the law of escheat and forfeiture.^ Ordered, that Colo. Joel Watkins and Colo. Wm. Morton do inform the Revd. Wm. Graham that this Board had a meeting to consider their prospect of raising a sum of money for the use of the coUedge to purchase an apparatus and to put it in a situation to promise usefulness, that they deterrnined they could be safe to engage that two hundred pounds shall be raised, and that they have hopes of raising much more if they could have any assurance that he would take the charge of the College. Every member of the Board to take subscription papers and endeavor to raise by subscription what money they can for thfe use of the CoUedge. Committee to petition the General Assembly for a sum of money now lying in the county in private hands which was made by the sale of the glebe lands of the Parish of Saint Patrick some years ago. 'An excellent choice — William Graham was a very able man. He might have come to Hampden Sidney but for a complication of cir- cumstances. The Synod of Virginia, recently formed, was already looking to the establishment of a theological school. Mr. Graham, al- though he must have been a good deal attached to Rockbridge county, was influenced by this opportunity to do more in the way of training theological students. The Synod did not prescribe his action, but when the theological school was to go ^o Lexington, Mr. Graham pre- ferred not to leave his post there. See Henry Ruffner, Washington and Lee University Historical Papers, I, 44-45. ^Escheats, which the Board of Trustees often had in its eye, became a few years afterwards (1810) one of the sources of the State Literary Fund — "certain escheats, forfeitures, and penalties appropriated to the encouragement of learning." THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 41 1792. Aug. 21. Jas. Allen, Sr. [Patrick Henry present] Mr. Waddell, a Tutor at Colledge,^ gave notice to the Board that he wished to resign his office at the end of this term. Capt. John Morton and Col. Charles Allen appointed com- missioners to attend the Synod of Virginia at Winchester on behalf of the Board, and that they state to Synod and to Mr. Graham our situation and our prospect of coiriplying with the conditions proposed by Mr. Graham. Damages on the part of students to be chargeable on the officers of college if they neglect to carry into execution the laws of college. 1792. Oct. 22. Mr. McRobert. James Morton qualifies as Trustee. Commissioners appointed to attend the Synod of Virginia, on the business of a president to the Colledge, reported that they had fulfilled their appointment and that the R,tevd. William Graham had returned his answer Fort Hill, May 19, 1849. T comply with pleasure with your request to give you a brief statement containing a summary of the character of the late Rev. Dr. Moses Waddel. I knew him well. Under his tuition I prepared myself for College. It was as a teacher that he was the most distinguished. In that char- acter, he stands almost unrivalled. Indeed, he may be justly considered as the father of classical education, in the upper country of South Carolina and Georgia. His excellence in that character depended not so much on extensive or profound learning, as a felicitous combination of qualities for the government of boys, and communicating to them what he knew. He was particularly successful in exciting emulation among them, and in obtaining the good will of all but the worthless. The best evidence of his high qualities as a teacher is his success. Among his pupils are to be found a large portion of the eminent men of the State of Georgia. In this State it is sufficient to name McDuffie, Legare, Pettigrew, and my colleague in the Senate, Butler. To these many others of distinction might be added. His pupils in Georgia who have dis- tinguished themselves are numerous. In this list are to be found the names of W. H. Crawford, Longstreet, &c. It is in the character of a teacher especially that he will long be remembered as a benefactor of the country. With great respect, ' I am your obedient servant, John C. Calhoun. [Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, IV, 67.] 42 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. that he conceived it his duty to remain in his present charge, which was read by the Clerk. 1792. Nov. 1. Mr. McRobert. The Clerk to endeavor by every means in his power to get information how far the late subscriptions were unconditional and how far they depended on Mr. Graham's acceptance of the presidency of the College. The office of vice president secured to the Revd. Drury Lacy for the term of four years from the present time. Colo. Charles Allen unanimously appointed Treasurer in the room' of Mr. Francis Watkins. 1792. Nov. 12. Col. Thomas Scott. The Revd. Drury Lacy, who has at present the charge of the Colledge with office of vice president, attended the Board and desired that the Board would think of some suitable person who should be associated with him in the charge of the Colledge with equal authority, to take an equal share of the labour, and have an equal share of the emoluments. Mr. Archibald Alexander being proposed as a proper person, ordered, that a committee write to Mr. Alexander; and that the same committee lay the matter before the different congrega- tions about now to be associated. 1793. Apr. 9. Col. Thomas Scott. No resolution taken on Mr. Alexander's letter stating his ob- jections to accepting the invitation of the Board. As it is judged that gunning and keeping dogs are amusements at all times inconvenient for students while they are at College, resolved, that from and after the end of next vacancy no student shall be allowed to keep either guns or dogs. Whereas it is represented to this Board that the servants who are allowed to attend the students at College very often commit great abuses by going from room to room and stealings or taking the property of the students ; ordered that no such servant on any pretence whatever be allowed to go into any of the rooms of college but that in which his master lives. Complaint of George Moore, a student, against Mr. James H. Rice, one of the teachers at College, for exercising over him ^The delay had been very disadvantageous to Hampden Sidney College. And Mr. Graham gained very little by staying in Lexington. The scheme for a theological school not only came to nothing, but was a positive injury to Liberty Hall Academy. "This gave the first impulse to those charges of sectarianism against the institution which continued long to pursue its career, and to operate injuriously upon its interests." Dr. Henry Ruffner, W. and L. Historical Papers, No. I, p. 46. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 43 unreasonable authority and beating him without cause : decision — George Moore, much to blame. Mr. Rice imprudent. 1793. Apr. 25. Mr. McRobert. A letter read from Mr. Archd. Alexander to the Board, in which he declines to accept their invitation. Mr. Lacy advised and requested to procure some other suitable person to join with him. It is the wish of the Board that Mr. Lacy would take the advice of the Revd. Doctor Samuel Stanhope Smith, and the Revd. John Blair Smith, who he expects to see shortly, on this subject. Mr. Lacy being acquainted with the funds of the College will be left to his own prudence in making his pro- posals. 1793. May 21. Mr. McRobert. It being represented to the Board that the buildings of College were in a ruinous situation, in a great measure owing to injuries done to them with design by the students or some other person, ordered therefore, that Col. Charles Allen and the Revd. Archd. McRobert be appointed to wait on the officers of College, to state to them the sense of this Board on this subject, and seriously to expostulate with them on the necessity of attending to this most necessary part of their duty, they are also desired to refer them to the laws of College relating to this matter. 1793. Oct. 1. Col. Thomas Scott. The Treasurer to collect thirty pounds which is due in Novem- ber next for the rent of French's Store, and that he pay it to Nathaniel Venable in part of a debt due him from the College.^ 1793. Oct. 17. Thomas Scott. The Board taking into consideration the declining state of the College, and thinking it may be partly owing to Mr. Lacy's being obliged to be much absent from the College in order to fulfil his engagements to the several congregations with which he is con- nected, have thought proper to appoint Charles Allen, Joseph Venable, Richard N. Venable, and Samuel W. Venable, or any two of them, a committee to wait on Mr. Lacy, and to converse freely with him on the subject, and to inform him that this board is decidedly of opinion that under present circumstances his engagements with the College and the Congregations are incompatible. 'This considerable debt to Nathaniel Venable must be the chief ground for the statement that he was the "real founder of Hampden Sidney College." Alexander Brown, The Cabells and their Kin. p. 269. ' 44 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1794. Apr. 2. Col. William Morton, Mr. Lacy attended the Board. The Board on mature delib- eration determined that if he will engage no more than half his time to preach from College on Sabbath days, and can as he has proposed get an able assistant, if he can avoid these weekly calls from the College that have lately been so frequent in these congregations; that then they are satisfied with his continuance and that he may promise himself success. Committee to finish the plaistering of the first and second story and the passage in the upper story, to paint the outdoors, windows and cornice. The Board having observed that the College buildings have been much injured by playing fives or ball against the walls have thought proper to forbid this practice. 1795. Jan. 7. Thomas Scott. Colo. Charles Allen produced and read to the Board the tran- script of a law passed by the General Assembly at their last ses- sion, vesting in the Board for the use of the College the lands whereof Robert Rutledge died seized in Prince Edward County, and which had escheated to the Commonwealth, [about 1200 acres]. Committee to get the President's house at College put in good repair, and permitted to collect from the late subscriptions to the College. 1795. Apr. 1. Thomas Scott. The Revd. Archd. Alexander elected Trustee. Resignation of the Revd. Archd. McRobert.^ 1795. Oct. 20. Thomas Scott. Ordered that the Steward be at liberty during the ensuing session, on account of the present high price of wheat, to furnish the students with only one third of the bread of wheat, in lieu of one half mentioned iri his agreement. 1795. Nov. 14. Colo. Thomas Scott. On hearing the complaints lodged against the Steward, Mr. Charles Jones, by the students, it is the opinion of this board that *Mr. McRobert lived until 1807. Hfe had come over from Scotland under the Establishment; was minister of Dale Parish, Chesterfield (where at the beginning of the Revolution he proved himself a stout American), settling in St. Patrick's Parish (Prince Edward Co.) about the time of the founding of the College. What with the loosening of the old ties, he gradually became a Presbyterian, but not until 1787. See, Meade, Old Churches and Families, I, 448; 11, 24. -isr Samuf.l W. Venable. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 45 the conduct of the said Jones has not been agreeable to his con- tract, and that it will be for the benefit of the College that the said Charles Jones be removed from the office of Steward. It is therefore ordered that the said Jones no longer remain as Steward. Ordered, that the students be at liberty to contract with any one to board them until a Steward can be had.^ 1795. Dec. 22. John Morton. On motion to take the sense of the Board on the subject of the vice president's being continued in his office after the expira- tion of the term for which he is at present engaged; Resolved, that the Board are of opinion that it will not be for the interest of the College to employ him after the end of the term aforesaid, and it is ordered that the Clerk furnish him with a copy of this Resolution. Ordered, that Paul Carrington, Senr., Esqr., Francis Watkins, Samuel W. Venable, and Abraham B. Venable be a committee to make inquiry for some suitable person to take charge bf the College as Tutor when the term for which Mr. Lacy is engaged has expired, and also to make enquiries for a suitable person who will be disposed to undertake the office of President. 1796. Apr. 5. John Nash. As it has appeared to this board that the President of the United States has the appropriation of a number of shares in the James River Navigation Company, and that the General Assembly of this State, when consulted by the President, have recommended it to him to appropriate them to the support of some College in the upper parts of the State, it is thought best to address the President on this subject and to solicit him in behalf of the College.^ Ordered that William Cowan, Richard N. Venable, and Samuel W. Venable be a Committee to dra,w up and forward the address to the President and that they solicit the assistance of any gen- tleman of their acquaintance who they suppose can render the College service in this business. ^How important was the office of Steward. The College, it may be imagined, would not have become so nearly extinct at this period, had the Steward been unexceptionable. 'This stock went to Liberty Hall Academy which thus became Wash- ington Academy. The Legislature of Virginia, in retiring this stock, agreed to pay to the holders six per cent interest on the sum of fifty thoiisand dollars, annually forever. Catalogue of Alumni, Washington and Lee University, 1888. p. 15. 46 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1796. June 1. Thomas Scott. Richard N. Venable appointed to wait on the Revd. John Blair of Richmond,^ as the Board are anxious to engage him to take Charge of the College when Mr. Lacy gives it up. 1796. Aug. 13. Thomas Scott. The College may shortly be left without any person to manage or take care of it. The Board have determined to offer to the Revd. Archibald Alexander the presidency of the College. The Board will engage to him £50 per annum from the funds of the College, and the tuition until it shall amount with this to £100 shall be divided between him and one assistant; any overplus to be appropriated as to the Board shall seem best either in employing other assistants, or for other necessary purposes. 1796. Sept. 1. Thomas Scott. Committee appointed to procure some suitable person to take charge of the College during the winter session, Mr. Alexander having expressed a wish to decline giving a final answer till November. 1796. Oct. 27. Thomas Scott. At a Board of Trustees for the College of Hampden Sydney held at the College. Present, Colo. Thomas Scott, Messrs. Charles Allen, Francis Watkins, Joseph Venable, Richard N. Venable, Jacob Morton, and Samuel W. Venable. Mr. Hugh Dixon appeared as a candidate for the first degree in the arts, and having stood an examination before the Board on a variety of subjects, it is agreed to admit him to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 1796. Nov. 21. John Nash. The Revd. Archibald Alexander met the Board this day accord- ing to his own appointment to give them his answer to their invi- tation to take charge of the College as President, and he gave them for answer that he would accept their invitation, provided the Board would be satisfied that he should defer taking the actual charge of the College until the month of April next. The Board determined to accept of his proposal, and to wait till that 'John Durborrow Blair (Princeton, 1775), — son of the Rev. John Blair, uncle of John Blair Smith. John D. Blair's memory is preserved in a very unusual book, The Two Parsons, by George Wythe Munford, Richmond, 1884. Mr. Blair was the great grandfather of Professor Walter Blair of the College. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 47 time, when they will expect him to take charge of the College, but they wish and expect that if he can find it convenient he will come at an earlier period. And in case they get a teacher to carry on the business of College this winter they will expect him to give it such occasional supervision as he shall find con- venient with his other engagements. 1796. Dec. 19. Thomas Scott. Agreed on the motion of Mr. Jarney, the Steward, to raise the rate of boarding, that it shall be raised to twenty pounds in- stead of sixteen pounds, until the first of November next. Samuel W. Venable, from the Committee to employ a teacher, reported that he and Mr. Francis Watkins, part of that Com- mittee, had contracted on the part of the Board with Mr. John Rice^ to act as a teacher in College till the last of April next, for which they have engaged that he shall receive twenty five pounds. 1797. May 31. Thomas Scott. Agreement with Mr. John H. Rice for the next term to act in the office of Tutor at twenty five pounds for the term. Richard N. Venable and Charles Scott a Committee to get a law passed at the next session of the General Assembly authoriz- ing a Lottery to raise a sum not exceeding £4000, in order to increase the funds of the College. Present, the Rev. Archibald Alexander, President, who this day appeared and entered on his office. On motion by Mr. Alexander, Maj. James Morton is appointed in future to receive the tuition, room rent, and deposit trom such students as shall wish to enter College, and grant them receipts for the same. Room rent three dollars pr. annum. 1797. Sept. 25. The Revd. Matthew Lyle. Price of boarding continued at £20. On a representation that gaming is permitted and carried on at the tenement of the Col- lege commonly called the Old Stores contrary to agreement, re- solved that the tenant be informed that the Trustees cannot but hear such reports with great concern, and that they earnestly request him to silence and do away the force of these reports if 'John Holt Rice began his connection with Hampden Sidney College at the beginning of the winter session of 1796, and was officially con- nected with it for more than thirty years thereafter. He was for the rest of his life greatly interested in the College, the good of which was furthered by him in many ways. The College may count him among its founders and authors. 48 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. they are false, and if they are true, they beg he will prevent the occasion of them in future. Ordered, that an advertisement be published in one of the Richmond and one of the Petersburg papers for a few weeks, informing the public of the time when the next term begins, the price of boarding, tuition &c. 1797. Nov. 27. Thomas Scott. Letter received from the Trustees of Liberty Hall, asking as- sistance. Commiittee appointed to draw up a remonstrance to the next General Assembly to repeal an act passed at the last session of Assembly, transforming the Academy of Liberty Hall into a College, known by the name of Washington College in Viirginia, and appointing a set of visitors to the displacing the former Trustees of the Academy.^ The above remonstrance to be used by the members to the Assembly from Prince Edward or not at their pleasure. 1798. Apr. 26. Thomas Scott. Price of tuition in future to be twenty dollars instead of five pounds. Notice of this alteration to be given to the students before their departure from College, and to be advertised in the Virginia Gazette as early as possible. Plaistering of the upper story of the College to be finished and the roof repaired. The sum received by Mr. Alexander for the use of the books of the Library, or so the Philosophical Society. [MS programme preserved in the College Library] 'John Randolph to Francis Scott Key: "I consider Dr. Hoge as the ablest and most interesting speaker that I ever heard, in the pulpit or out of it; and the most perfect pattern of a Christian teacher I ever saw." Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, by Hugh A. Garland. 11. 64. 76 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. ander of Princeton was unanimously elected President of the College in the room of Doct. Hoge, deceased. 1820. July 22. Colo. Venable. Committee to communicate to Doctr. Alexander his appoint- ment as president &c, authorised to offer him the same salary and emoluments appropriated to the President under the order of February sth, 1819. The trustees to take a copy of the subscription paper to erect a new college edifice, and by themselves or their friends to en- deavor to obtain donations. Richard N. Venable, Thomas A. Morton, and Rev. Matthew Lyle a committee to draw up and cause to be published a state- ment of the condition — wants — designs — prospects and public utility of this institution. Mr. William S. Archer of Amelia elected a Trustee. Mr. Samuel Branch of Buckingham was elected a trustee — it appear- ing from an examination of the College Charter that the insti- tution is entitled to twenty six trustees, and Mr. Branch's elec- tion is intended to complete that number. [Richmond Enquirer, Tuesday, Sept. 12, 1820 For the Enquirer To The Public At a time when the feelings of our citizens are so laudably ex- cited towards the promotion of knowledge, it has been thought to be the duty of the guardians of one of the oldest seminaries in the state, by a brief relation of facts relative to that institu- tion, to present to the public view, its origin, its funds, the source from whence they have been drawn, the application which has been made of them, some of the principal difBculties which the trustees have had to' encounter, and also their present plans and designs for the enlargement of the seminary, so as to keep pace with the growing population of this district, and the wants of the country. Hampden Sidney College is situated in Prince Edward county, near the middle ground, between James River and the southern boundary of Virginia — between tide water and the mountains. It was founded in the year 1776, and was then called Hampden Sidney Academy. The only funds which it possessed for many years arose from private donations, made by the people of the district before mentioned. With these donations, a small brick building was erected for the students, a President's, professor's and steward's house, — a house for a library, for the philosophical THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 77 and chemical apparatus — a dining room, &c. The only funds which came to the hands of the trustees for the support of the president and teachers, was the money arising from tuition. In the year 1783, this seminary was erected into a college, by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia. And in the years 1784 and 1794, donations were made to the College by the state, of two small tracts of land that had escheated to the common- wealth in the county of Prince Edward. These lands produced an annual rent, which did not much exceed the sum requisite to keep the college house, and the appurtenant buildings in re- pair. The college lands except a small tract, have been sold, and recently vested in bank Stock, principally of the United States. About the year 1805, a voluntary contribution was made by the people residing in the adjacent counties, for the establishment of a permanent fund for the College, the proceeds only of which were to be annually expended. This contribution was vested in bank stock, and has enabled the trustees to give to the President of the College, a salary of one hundred pounds in addition to the funds arising from tuition, which have been divided between the president and teachers. The funds of the College have been gradually improving. The principal of such donations as have been made since the buildings were erected, has been retained, and the annual proceeds only have been expended. And the trustees now think themselves justified in contracting to pay to the president and professors $500 p. annum, in addition to the sum arising from tuition. This sum, small as it is, is the highest the trustees have ever been able to give to the president and professors. Without undertaking to assign the ruling motive, we find in the poverty of the institution, sufficient reason, why some of the most distinguished men who have ever presided at this College, should remove and take charge of other seminaries to the north, where they might have a better prospect of support, for a rising family. The same difficulty has ever presented itself to the trustees, in their attempts to procure or retain able professors and teachers. If we have a president or professor, who rises to any degree of eminence, and promises usefulness to the institu- tion, he has generally considered it his interest to leave us, and go to some part of the United States, where talents and learning are more in demand, and better rewarded. What we are able to offer is below the market price. How humiliating is this fact to those who are labouring to improve the state of literature in our country! How different from that laudable national pride which they would rejoice to feel, on seeing their efforts crcrwned with success! But there are other difficulties arising from the want of funds, that forbid the progress of this institution to eminence, and lim!it its usefulness. The entire building is very 78 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. small, entirely insufficient for the public demands. The rooms of college, together with all the rooms that can be obtained in the buildings appurtenant thereto, are insufficient for the accom- modation of students now at college. Four or five students occupy one room, when perhaps, there should not be more than two to a room, were the college buildings sufficiently extensive. Crowding them together in this manner, tends greatly to interrupt their studies, and promote disorder. Again, should the professors and teachers be willing to rely for their support on the tuition money alone, and calculate on their own talents and exertions, to secure the public patronage and give celebrity to the institution; yet the future prospects of public usefulness, and private advancement must be very limited, until additional buildings shall be erected for the accommodation of the students. Influenced by these considerations, the trustees have thought it expedient to propose to the friends of the institution, the erec- tion of a new college building; and in order to effect it, they will address themselves to the liberality of those who feel an in- terest in the college, who have supported it thus far, and calcu- late on this as the most convenient place to educate their sons. The public are apprised of the loss we have recently sustained in the death of our much lamented president the Rev. Dr. Moses Hoge. The efforts we may make to improve the condition of the college funds, may have much influence in procuring some one to fill this vacancy, who may equal the wants and expectations of the public. Thus have we, acting in obedience to an order of the board of trustees, given a brief history of the institution. We have endeavored to give a general view of the buildings and funds of college, their origin, their application, and present condition. We have also pointed out some of the principal difficulties which this institution has had to contend with, and lastly, we have shown the present views and designs of the trustees to enlarge the college buildings, so as to afford the students better and more extensive accommodations. To this we shall add some reflections which the occasion has suggested. And in the first place we would address ourselves to those who are in middle life, and whose children are at the proper age to receive an education. When an application for aid to enlarge the college buildings shall be miade, will any who profess to be the advocates of learning, be content to say, "These are difficult times to embark in such an undertaking, and that we had better postpone it for the present?" If this is not a favor- able time, when will one more favorable occur? — We live but in the present time. — Our children are now on our hands, and our obligations to them as parents, demand of us, that we instruct THE COLLEGE OP HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 79 them in the best manner we can. Before what may be called a favorable time shall arrive, the period of instruction will be past, and we shall have fulfilled or omitted, the duty of parents, and they will have obtained or lost the opportunity of educa- tion. Are times as difficult now as when our fathers erected the present college building? It was then the commencement of the revolutionary war. There was something in the manly charac- ter of those days, that made practicable, whatever was desired. This spirit is well worthy of our imitation. Whether the influence of this institution has compensated this district of country, for the donations that have been made to it — what has been the influence on the morals, manners, and intelligence of the people, is a question which every one must decide according to his own observations. But its effects are not confined to this limited district of country. — The sons of Hampden Sidney may be found scattered through the remotest parts of the Union, occupying some of the most important sta- tions in their country. Of the original benefactors of this institution scarcely one re- mains. And time has considerably thinned the ranks of those who were first educated there. Yet some of these remain scat- tered throughout the country to bear it honorable testimony. Permit us to address ourselves to such and ask, what were the expenses and sacrifices which your fathers made, under the pres- sure of those times, to erect this seminary and procure your education? Do you disapprove of the course they took? Or do you not rather consider it the most valuable part of your paternal estate ? Has it not greatly contributed to enable you to take that rank in society which you have maintained? Is not the taste for literature which you there acquired, one of the greatest amusements and comforts in your retirement and decline of life? We are persuaded there are but few, very few, who will not an- swer these questions in the affirmative. It is not long since you heard of the death of that polite and amiable man, that zealous friend of science, who so greatly contributed to establish, and first presided at Hampden Sidney. When the death of Samuel Stanhope Smith was announced, many of you in private, wiped from your cheek the tear of love and gratitude and lamented that an opportunity had never offered to manifest your obligations to him. Here is the early object of his affections — ^the child of his youth — assist her, she stands in need of your aid— now bereaved, she looks to you, and calls you her eldest sons — will you deny it ? The erection of this seminary was a favorite object of our fathers. "We will," said they, "begin it, our children will carry it on. It will be in vain to purchase at the price of our blood, the blessings of freedom for our descendants, if we do not give with it, that mental improvement which will enable them to estimate 8o CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. its value, and preserve the inheritance." Shall we fulfil these just expectations, or have such reflections lost their influence on the community ? Matthew Lyle, Thos. a. Morton, Rich'd N. Venable. The Anniversary of Hampden Sidney College. The public examination of the Acadmy and of the College, will commence on the last Monday in Septemiier. The trustees who may attend, and the faculty of College, form the hoard of exami- nation. The examination of the candidates for diplomas of the Bache- lor's degree will he on Wednesday A. M. The annual meeting of the hoard of trustees will be on Wed- nesday. The public exercises of the Commencement will begin at ii o'clock on Thursday. As business of unusual importance will come before the board, the presence of every member is important. The counsel and influence of the members from distant coun- ties are solicited on this occasion; and their attendance as early as on Tuesday will be gratifying to the trustees in the vicinity of the College, and serviceable in preparing the business for the annual meeting.] 1820. Sept. 28. Mr. Lyle. ,Th. Miller, the Rfev. Dr. Rice, W. S. Archer, and Henry E. Watkins a committee to make application to the next Legislature for aid to the funds of this institution. Degrees conferred •} John B. Clauselle, Josiah Harris, Thomas Davis. — Rev. A. W. Kilpatrick, Rev. Edward Baptist, Henry Carrington, and John Dabney, admitted to the second degree in the arts. 'In this Calendar, the times for conferring degrees, the number of degree men &c, have been carefully noted thus far. Hence forward such items will be omitted, making the era of the Old College termi- nate with the year of Dr. H'oge's death. The publication of Cata- logues began in 1822, (for the session 1821-22) about the time when the Yale catalogues begin, and several years before the University of Pennsylvania began to issue catalogues. Sixty seven A. B. degrees were conferred in course between 1786 and 1820. Of these, twenty four seem to have been ministers, four- teen what might be called public men, four educators, and four physi- cians. This is not a strict classification and the records are meagre. No doubt most of the unaccounted for were masters of plantations. In the circumstances a preponderance of ministers during this period is to be expected. The General Catalogue [1776-1906] shows that of THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 8i [To the Speakers and Members of the General Assembly of Virginia : The undersigned having been appointed a Committee by the trustees of Hampden Sydney College to present a petition to the General Assembly for pecuniary assistance, on behalf of said College, beg leave respectfully to represent. That the College aforesaid has been founded about fifty years, that during all that period it has been supported almost exclu- sively by the munificence of private individuals, that it has reared a number of men of eminent usefulness in the country, and some of distinguished abilities. That it is situated in the centre of a section of the state important on account of the num- bers, wealth, and general intelligence of its inhabitants; that it is favoured with a Charter, characterized by liberal views and sound principles — that it is governed by a code of laws matured "by experience of half a century — ^that an enlarged course of study is pursued by its members ; and that it is growing in repu- tation. The institution suffers however greatly in its highest interests, for want of better accommodations for the students — at present they are subjected to the great inconvenience of being crowded together to the number of 4 or 5 in a single room in a small building, much impaired by time — nevertheless, such is the esti- mation in which the college is held, that with all these disad- vantages it is still crowded, and would be frequented by much greater numbers, could they by any possibility find accommoda- tions — On this account it has appeared indispensable that new •college buildings should be erected. The present fund of the institution (consisting of an income of five hundred dollars only) the 940 degree men listed, half exactly have been ministers. Before 1820 there was a special impulse in that direction, due to the fact that the President after 1807 was also Professor of Theology, acting either for the Presbytery of Hanover or the Synod of Virginia. As tn Paxton's case, Tutors in the College were at times employed on the footing of post-graduate students in Theology, or it might be that the theological student was assigned tutorial duties and at the end of his studies in Theology was given a Bachelor's degree: presumably, hav- ing followed the required curriculum. The number of students in 1819 was sixty-three, in 1820, eighty [MS records]. In 1835 President Gushing stated that the average attendance from the foundation of the College had been about sixty. Therefore, from estimates, the average before 1821 was about fifty. It is interesting to observe that the average attendance at the three Virginia Colleges was about the same from 1800 to 1821. See, His- torical Papers, Washington and Lee University: Decades 1799-1829; and History and General Catalogue College of William and Mary, p. 117— Total attendance at William and Mary, 1786-1823, 1645 students, 'average about forty five.' 82 CALENDAR OF BOARDi MINUTES. is so small that if the whole were exhausted the necessary build- ings could scarcely be even put under cover. In this situation, and under these circumstances, the trustees have determined to apply to the Legislature for a part of the proceeds of the Literary fund — and they hope the application will not be disregarded, when it is considered, that Hampden Sidney is the only College on the South side of James River, and perhaps the only Literary Institution in that whole important and enlightened section of country, that can present because of its celebrity, any very strong claim at the present time, to public favour. — The undersigned beg permission farther to suggest, that this large section of the state, has never yet had a due share in the disbursements from that fund, the object of which is to bring education in its best forms as near as possible to every family in Virginia. The undersigned herewith lay before the General Assembly a copy of the Charter of Hampden Sydney College, framed by some of the most virtuous and enlightened statesmen, who ever adorned the country, together with a copy of the laws of the College as they at present exist, the course of studies pursued in the insti- tution, and a list of the Trustees under whose guardianship the whole operations of the College are placed. The undersigned conclude, by order of the Board of Trustees, in praying the General Assembly to grant to the College afore- said, from the proceeds of the Literary fund, such assistance as in their wisdom may seem meet — and — as in duty bound they will ever pray — Wm. S. Archer of Amelia Henry E. Watkins of Pr. Edward Th. Miller of Powhatan John H. Rice of Richmond. From Copy preserved by Richard N. V enable. 1 1820. Sept. 29. Samuel W. Venable. Whereas it is highly desirable that the various branches of science and learning should be taught as perfectly as possible; and inasmuch as this is most effectually accomplished by dividing the business of instruction among a number of Professors, who shall give their whole time and talents to the particular de- partments committed to their care; and whereas there may be public-spirited individuals or associations of individuals who, for the promotion of sound and good learning in our country, may be induced to establish professorships in the College: or- dained, 1. That twenty thousand dollars shall be sufficient to estab- lish a professorship in Hampden Sidney College. 2. That it shall be lawful for any person or association of THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 83 persons to endow a profesorship, and to designate the name by which such professorship shall forever be distinguished. 3. That such persons or associations may erect buildings on ColFege lands assigned, for the accommodation of the professor and of the pupils who may attend his lectures ; provided that the whole of such institution be under the general laws of College. 4. That should a professorship of Theology be thus endowed, the founders to have the privilege of nominating and the Trustees of Hampden Sidney College that of appointing the professor; in case of disagreement, those endowing such professorship to receive and dispose of the proceeds of the funds during the vacancy. 5. Provided, however, that a professor of Theology thus ap- pointed and supported, shall not have a seat at the board of the faculty of College, unless such professor should be president of College. And provided also, that the students in College shall not be required to attend the lectures of such professor in order to obtain a diploma.^ Revised Course of Studies adopted for Grammar School and College. Committee, J. H. Rice, R. N. Venable, John P'. Wilson, Thomas A. Morton, and Thomas Miller to draw up a subscription paper containing a plan of the buildings necessary at Hampden Sidney College, according to the views of this Board, and to appoint fit and special agents to solicit donations upon the terms which shall be stated in such subscription paper. Messrs. Lyle, James Morton, Berkeley, Miller, and J. P. Wil- son appointed a Committee of College for one year, or until an- other Committee shall be appointed. Duty of this committee to examine the Students of the Academy and the classes of College, at the Spring and Fall examinations, and the Senior Class at their examinations for degrees of Bachelor of Arts, and recommend such to the Board as they shall deem worthy of diplomas — To devise and recommend practical means of en- larging the Library and the Chemical and Philosophical appa- ratus — To consult for the general improvement in the instruction and government of College, audit the accounts of their own expenditures for improvement, and to lay before the Board at their annual meeting a written report, embracing everything on which it concerns the Trustees of the institution to be informed. The Faculty of College authorised and directed to publish annually an account of the Commencement, with the order of the exercises and the names of the persons who have received the honours of College. 'These are careful clauses, which must not have seemed very allur- ing to those interested in the establishment of a department of theology. 84 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Resolved, that this Board considers it to be the bounden duty of every member to attend the annual meetings at Commence- ment. 1820. Nov. 10. Samuel W. Venable. Form of the subscription paper to be circulated to obtain sub- scriptions for building a new College — 'The local situation of Hampden Sidney College about midway between James River and the line of North Carolina, the Blue Ridge and tidewater, is such as to make it very convenient, and therefore an important institution, to a large section of the State. It has moreover a charter as ample and liberal as could be wished, a code of laws approved by experience, a course of studies sufficient for education, a good philosophical and chemi- cal apparatus, and Teachers of known abilities and fidelity. Sur- rounded as it is by an enlightened and moral population, it would furnish the facilities of a liberal education to a very large and respectable part of the citizens of Virginia much cheaper than could be obtained at a greater distance, but for the want of suf- ficiently large buildings. At present it is necessary to crowd four or five students into a single room, to their great inconvenience and the serious interrup- tion of their studies. It is with difficulty that in this way fifty or sixty young men can be accommodated. The Trustees under the influence of these considerations have determined to attempt the erection of a new building upon the plan of Princeton College, which they think suited to the wants and convenience of the public, and which as to size and general appearance they mean to pursue, reserving to themselves the dis- cretion of making such alterations as further reflection and ob- servation may induce them to believe best, and which when com- pleted will accommodate upwards of one hundred students. The plan is such that the building may commence at one end and progress according to the funds which may be commanded until the whole shall be completed. This institution was founded and has been supported by the liberality and public spirit of an enlightened and generous peo- ple. Appeals to that public spirit and liberality have never been made altogethef in vain. At this period, when a powerful im- pulse has been given to the great subject of education, and its importance is more fully understood and more deeply felt than ever, the Trustees are confident that they shall not apply in vain to the people of the southern section of the state for the means of erecting a College, which will afford the opportunity of giving their sons a complete education among themselves.' Richard N. Venable, James Madison, Isaac Read, Henry A. Watkins, James H. Fitzgerald, John P. Wilson, Samuel Branch, THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 85 Thomas Miller, W. S. Archer, James Bruce, William Carring- ton, James Jones, and John H. Rice to obtain subscriptions in their respective counties. Special agents also to be appointed. 1821. Jan. 15. Samuel W. Venable. Instrument of writing adopted regarding a deed for four acres of land made to the President and Trustees of Hampden Sidney College by the Rev. Dr. Moses Hoge, in trust. — '* * This lot and house was intended in the first place as the meet- ing house or f)lace for divine worship for that part of Cumber- land congregation residing in Prince Edward County. But it was also specially intended to benefit the College of Hampden Sidney by affording a convenient and comfortable house for divine worship to all belonging to said College and by affording to the President, who has always hitherto been the minister of the congregation, an opportunity of preaching to and meeting with the congregation without leaving the care of the College. This Board knowing the facts to be as here stated, and believing that the interest of the College will be promoted by the accept- ance of the transfer of the four acres of land aforesaid, for the uses and purposes hereinbefore expressed in this statement more fully and truly than in the deed itself, do hereby for ourselves and for our successors on the terms aforesaid accept the same.'^ ^Before the building of this Church, (a brick structure which stood for about forty years on the site of the present church), services at the College had been held in the old Common Hall. A layman being elected President of the College in 1821, conditions became much changed, particularly when the theological seminary was established in 1823 and the President of the College was conventionally to have nothing to do with the training of theological students as such. After the new church was built. President Gushing employed a chaplain (the Rev. James Wharey) for a few months. In 1823 the Rev. J. D. Paxton, who had been a Tutor in the College from 1810 to 1812, wa§ installed as Pastor of the College Church, or rather of the Cumberland congre- gation, that part including the College Church. In his Reminiscences Dr. Paxton says — "In the autumn of the same year [1823] Dr. Rice moved to Prince Edward and opened the theological school. A new state of things was taking place. A large college building had been erected under the general supervisjpn of President Cushing; a new brick church had been built, the old Hall removed, and preparations were being made to put up buildings for the theological seminary * * * In a conver- sation which I had with Mr. Jefferson, on an occasional visit to Char- lottesville, he took pains to state and explain [his plan for chaplains] to me, and expressed a wish that the Presbjrterians, who up to that time had done more to promote education than any other branch of the Church in the south, would avail themselves of the opportunity. The congregation owned a number of slaves, who were hired out annually, and the proceeds applied to pay the salary of their pastor. ; On- finding that my support was drawn almost entirely from these slaves, for whose instruction very little was done, I felt more and more uneasy. 86 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Samuel W. Venable at the same time presented to the Board a deed for eleven acres, one rood, and thirty seven poles of land made by himiself to the President and Trustees of the Col- lege in trust for the use of the congregation aforementioned. 1821. Apr. 26. Dr. Rice. Clement Carrington, W. M. Watkins, Thomas A. Morton, Henry A. Watkins, and Isaac Read appointed a Committee to receive proposals and to contract for the building of a College edifice of brick, size and description specified. The Treasurer directed to withdraw from the Fire Insurance Company, when he shall have paid the instalments now due from the College. 1821. Sept. 26-27. Dr. Rice. The College Librarian to taike charge of the books and prop- erty of the Prince Edward Library Company which has ceased to act. Union Society permitted to withdraw from the said Library such books as they may have deposited as a contribution for shares &c. Death of Colo. Samuel W. Venable — 'Hampden Sidney Col- lege has lost one of her firmest supporters, and her board of Trustees one of its most efficient members.'^ The report of the Committee of College was received by the Board [14 pp.] — 'Your committee will remark in the first place that such have been the order and discipline in College, and the attention of the students to their studies during the last twelve months that they have never been convened by the Faculty for the purpose of correcting any irregularity in the deportment of the students of the institution, nor have they been informed of any which would have rendered their being convened either necessary or proper. This fact is alike creditable to the officers of College and and desired much to do something for them. A good many slaves attended church, and occasionally I preached specially to them. My father owned a family of slaves and I had grown up with them. My wife's father, who was a slave holder, gave and sent to her [on coming to Prince Edward] a family of house servants, seven or eight in num- ber, most of them small. These we sent to Liberia. * * * j jqJj my house and small tract of land at a great sacrifice, and left for the free states with my family. tcf. Paxton's Letters on Slavery Addressed to the Cumberland Congre- gation, Lexington, Kentucky 1833] ^"During the whole of his life Dr. Alexander was accustomed to speak of Mr. Venable as the most remarkable instance of wisdom matured by experience and observation that he had ever known." Life of Archibald Alexander, p. 130. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 87 the young gentlemen attached thereto' — Detailed report regarding the studies and the examinations in Academy and College — 'With regard to the Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus belonging to the institution, your Committee report, that it has been some- what increased and put into a state of complete preservation since the last meeting of the Trustees. It is sufficient for an enlarged course of experiments in those departments of science, and although it would be very desirable to have more additions made to it, with the present restricted funds of College your committee decline recommending any immediate appropriation for that purpose. The Library of College is very deficient, con- sisting only of five hundred volumes, which are however in a good state of preservation, and are the production of the most useful and approved authors. * * A Committee has been ap- pointed specially for the purpose of ascertaining whether the Library of the Prince Edward Company has not reverted to the College. If such should be found to be the fact here would arise at once a very considerable and valuable addition to the College Library.^ — The next subject to which your committee would call attention of the Board of Trustees relates to the Steward's department as connected with College. The import- ance of having a Steward who will provide wholesome and com- fortable diet, and a sufficiency of it too, for the students, must be obvious to every one — without such constant supply the Col- lege cannot prosper for any length of time * * It may be proper to remark that the Steward should likewise be a man, moral, kind, and affectionate, one whose example would never prove detrimental, whose advice might often be beneficial.' — Recommendations regarding a new house for the President — 'Finally your Committee will observe that during their last ses- sion the General Assembly of Virginia pledged themselves by a solemn act that the next money in the way of incomle which arose to the Literary Fund above the present appropriation from its revenue should be appropriated as far as twenty thousand dollars annually to such Colleges, academies, and intermediate schools as the Legislature might deem fit objects of endowment. To a respectable portion of this appropriation, whensoever such pledge shall he redeemed, from its antiquity, the character of its founders as illustrated by its liberal and patriotic Charter, from the fact that it has been almost exclusvely sustained by the efforts of private individuals, from its hitherto extensive use- fulness as evinced by the number of distinguished men and ^Both Literary Societies, (the Union established in 1789, the Philan- thropic in 1805) had been purchasing books for a good many years, it has been estimated that the two Societies spent, before 1890, as much as $20,000 for books. These libraries have been for some twenty years made over to the College. 88 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. worthy citizens whom it has sent forth to benefit and enlighten, their country, from its present enlarged course of studies and plan of operation now going into effect, from the zeal, ability, and benevolence of its patrons, and from its local situation, it is be- lieved the College of Hampden Sidney is fully and justly entitled; and your Committee have too much confidence in the wisdom, justice, and magnanimity of their representatives to think for a moment that it will be much longer withheld.' — Recommended that a committee be appointed to act jointly with the Faculty in corresponding on this subject with the Directors of William and Mary and of Washington College.^ Mr. Peter McViccar of Maryland, a graduate of Union Col- lege in New York, to be Preceptor of the Academy, in the place of Mr. Harris, who has resigned that station — having spent one year of laborious exertions in the service of the College, merits- for his conduct the thanks of the Board of Trustees. Jonathan P. Cushing, Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy was elected President of the institution. Colo. Armistead Burwell elected Steward. ^The following extracts are of interest, as showing the status of this matter. Mr. Jefferson's idea was distinct, and he was not to be drawn: aside. The material is taken from the very interesting Early History of the University of Virginia, as contained in the letters of Thomas- Jefferson and Joseph C. Cabell [edited by N. F. Cabell, Hampden Sidney, 1825]. Richmond, 1856. Cabell to Jefferson, Richmond, Jan 14, 1822 [p. 233-34] — 'I have had a very long interview with Mr. Rice. He and myself differed on some points; but agreed in the propriety of a firm union between the friends of the University and the Colleges, as to measures of common interest, and of postponing for future discussion and settle- ment points on which we differ * * Mr. Rice assured me that he was a warm frierjd of the University.' Note by the Editor, regarding Dr. Rice [p 236] — 'It is believed that Virginia did not contain within her broad limits, and among her most enlightened sons, one who was more truly attached to her soil and people, or who more ardently desired both the diffusion of knowledge among the masses and the improvement of education in its: higher grades.' Cabell to Jefferson, Richmond, Jan 23, 1823 — 'As to colleges and academies I differ from some of our friends. I would vote for an appropriation to Hampden Sidney, and not wait till the funds shall be sufficient for the whole corps of colleges. I think sorne aid to that college would now be useful and well timed.'' Jefferson to Cabell, Monticello, Jan 28, 1823, [p. 271.]— 'I still differ from you as to giving a dollar to Hampden Sidney.. Let this, with all the other intermediate academies, be taken up in their turn and provided for systematically and proportionally. To give- to that singly will be a departure from principle, will make the others. William H. Cabell. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 89 Committee to furnish to the President and Directors of the Literary fund the information for which they ask in their adver- tisement pubHshed in the Richmond Enquirer. Mr. Gilbert Morgan shall for the ensuing year teach the Mathematical classes in College, and shall also teach such other branches of science as may be assigned him by the President of College and the Committee for instructors. Mr. Jacob T. B. Skillman for the ensuing year to teach the Languages in College together with such other branches of science as may in like manner be assigned to him'. [To the President and Directors of the Literary Fund — Nov. 25, 1821 : The College building is an old brick house containing twelve rooms, — we have also a house for the library, philosophical and chemical apparatus, a President's and steward's establishment, a house designed for the assembling of the students on public occasions, and a small brick house intended for the residence of a professor. our enemies, and is not necessary. The University is advanced to that point, from which it must and will carry itself through.' Cabell to Jefferson, [During a session of the Legislature] Feb 11, 1823, [p. 277]— 'The Hampden Sidney interest was opposed to us. The influence of William and Mary, as usual, was adverse' [regarding a loan for erecting the buildings of the University] Jefferson to Cabell, Monticello, Dec 22, 1824 [p. 322] — 'Divide the state into college districts of about eighty miles square each * * * The districts might be so laid off that the principal towns and the academies now existing, might form convenient sites for their colleges, as for example, Williamsburg, Richmond, Fredericks- burg, Hampden Sidney, Lynchburg, or Lexington, Staunton, Winches- ter &c. * * You will remember, that of the three bills I originally gave you, one was for these district colleges, and going into the neces- sary details.' Jefferson to Cabell, Monticello, Jan. 22, 1825. [p. 335] — 'I have not meddled with the Lexington academy, because it is a mere private institution, founded by Gen. Washington with property made completely his own. Its case is therefore totally different from the public institution of William & Mary. Foreseeing that Hampden Sidney will not consent to accept of the new character proposed for her, I have provided for a substitute in Nottoway, as more equally distant from the Colleges of Richmond and Lynchburg, and reasonably so from Hamp- den Sidney.' [See Bill, which was never brought up. Appendix, p. 499.] Cabell to Jefferson, Richmond, Feb 10, 1826. [p. 370-371] — 'I would fix in the bill the maximum appropriation to each and all the 90 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. The property held by the College consists of 120 acres of land on which the College stands, and a small tract in the vicinity which rents for $120 — We have twenty eight shares in the Bank of the U. States and 48 in the Bank of Virginia. There are a few more shares standing in the name of the Trustees, but they have been given for special and not the general purposes of College [for the theological school]. The income of the College exclusive of tuition for the year 1820 was $246, for the year 182 1 it is $308. Two tracts of escheated land given by the Com- monwealth in 1784 and 1794 were sold in the year 1807 (except a small tract near the College) for $4000 ) $6159, vested in 2159 ) bank stock. [Cf. Minutes, Jan 15, 1807] A lottery authorized was very little profitable. During the last year we have received by private donation $13,400 which it is estimated will be sufficient to erect one wing and the centre building of the College contemplated by the Trustees, who have accordingly contracted for so m'uch of the work. From papers preserved by Richard N. V enable — not a copy.] colleges; I think $1000 each, or $9000 to all, per annum, would be enough. This would give two salaries of $500 to two professors; these, with the fees, would be competent, I should suppose. * * * The Col- lege of Hampden Sidney might apply for the location in the district where it is situated. Or, perhaps it would be better to legislate specially, by separate bill, as to that college, giving it an annuity revocable at the will of the Legislature, and leaving its Charter as it is. The other two col- leges want nothing. I think we ought to take no notice of them in our bill; and their open avowal not to come under the control of the State, is a sufficient justification. If the friends of Hampden Sidney should be strong enough to force it into the bill, we must make the best terms we can. I would wish to do something for that institution; it has been and will be useful; and is supported by a most respectable population. But we should never lose sight of the whole State.' Editor's Note. [p. 236] 'The friends of Hampden Sidney College may also learn, from this correspondence, th,at there was no particular desire on the part of the Visitors of the University to depress that institution. They did not deny its former usefulness or capacity for future service. Believing that a general system of education for the whole State should embrace primary schools, colleges, and a single university; and thinking it but just that all of the second class which received aid from the State, should, like the University, come under State control; when the condition was rejected they acquiesced in an arrangement which appears to be better suited to our peculiar circumstances and which has certainly succeeded beyond all prior expectations — that of leaving each sect to establish its own college and academies, and using the funds of the State princi- pally for the maintenance of a University * * * and for the tuition of the poor.' William S. Morton. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 91 1822. Mar. 18. Mr. Lyle. Committee appointed to inquire what accommodation should be made for the Steward by way of enlarging the dining room, reported that it would be more expedient to build a brick house two stories high 60x22 feet in the clear for a kitchen and dining room. Bank stock to be sold for the purpose, if sufficient dona- tions cannot be obtained. President Cushing, R. N. Venable, and W. S. Morton a com- mittee to fix on the site of the new College building. 1822. Apr. 25. William M. Watkins. Thomas A. Morton authorised to sell and transfer eighteen shares of the stock of the Bank of the United States belonging to the College. [Stock in Bank of Virginia to be sold. Apr. 24, 1823.] Committee to inquire into the expediency of changing the ses- sions and vacations of Academy arid College into three instead of two, and of enlarging the studies of the Academy so as to lessen those of College, and of making any change in the studies of the Classes of College so as to render them more suitable to the capacities of the students. Mr. William Blauvelt elected Tutor of Languages in the place of Mr. Skillman who has left the institution.^ Committee to employ teachers to make no contract with the President and Teachers for the next year, for any payment from the funds, until debts and expenses be paid. 1822. Oct. 31. Richard N. Venable. The third story of the centre building of the new College edi- fice to be appropriated to the use of the two Societies of Col- lege (the Union and the Philanthropic), to be laid off into rooms and finished (under the control of the Building Committee) as the said Societies may think proper, the President and Trustees not being liable for a greater expense than they are subject to under their agreement with the contractors. Rents of rooms in the new College building, for the large rooms $36 and for the small $24. Graduates of this institution or of any other, in regular stand- ing, who m!ay resort here to study any of the Learned Profes- sions or to make further advancement in literature or science to 'Gilbert Morgan, J. T. B. Skillman, and Peter McViccar, appointed Tutors from 1819 to 1821, were graduates of Union College. Gilbert Morgan was for some ten years President of the Western University of Pennsylvania at Pittsburg [1836-1845]. Mr. Blauvelt (a graduate of Rutgers College) died in 1888, having been pastor and pastor-emeritus of the Presbyterian Church at Laming- ton, New Jersey for more than sixty years. 92 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. enjoy such advantages as the institution can afford, but during their residence here to be subject to all the laws relating to order and morality. Every species of noise or disturbance within or near the Col- lege buildings and all games or sports against or near their walls are prohibited. No student to enter or approach the Commons Hall, or any of the Steward's apartments, before the usual signal for meals is given; nor shall any student abuse or molest any servant who- shall wait on the table in the hall. 1823. Sept. 26. Colo. C. Carrington. Hereafter there shall be no recess from studies in this institu- tion at Christmas except on Christmas-day, and on that day there shall only be a cessation from study, but no relaxation in the other discipline of College. Salaries of officers after Nov. i, 1824 — Should the number of students be 100, the President (who is also Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry) to receive $1600; the two College teachers $900 each and one half board ; the Grammar teacher $600 and board. If number of students should be more than 100,. one fourth the surplus to be divided between the President and the two College teachers, balance to be at the disposal of the Board. If number of Students less than 100, tuition fees to be divided in the proportion of the above salaries. 1823. Oct. 31. William Berkeley. Committee to rent out the Tavern and other tenements be- longing to the College at the place called French's Old Store, to submit a plan for the improvement of the property.^ Each student occupying a room in the new College building- to pay $12 for the two sessions, room rent and servant's hire. Committee appointed to solicit aid to this institution of the- Legislature. Faculty to have the power of requiring three recitations a day of such College classes as they may think proper. Another teacher to be employed, 'provided the present Faculty- appropriate a part of their salaries as a compensation for his. services.' 1824. July 2. Colo. Carrington. Building Committee to settle the accounts of workmen for work done on the new College building, and to receive the work if they think proper [Messrs. Phaup and Perry, Contractors]. Trench's Store — French's Old Store — King's Tavern — Kingsville. In the development of our place names, ho-w fortunate if the compound in; -ville has been avoided. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 93 John H. Rice and Henry E. Watkins added to the Committee to secure officers of College — such characters to be secured as will be qualified to fill the office of Professors should the Board at their general meeting in September next appoint Professors. 1824. Sept. 23-24. Colo. Carrington. Committee to sell the houses called French's Old Store, and land adjacent not to exceed 150 acres. Report of Committee to revise and arrange the course of studies : — Academy attached to College Adam's Latin Grammar ; Corderius ; Epitome Historiae Sacrae ; Latin Tutor; Caesar's Commentaries; Virgil and Latin Prosody; Sallust; Cicero's Orations. Hackenberg's Greek Grammar, by Goodrich ; Greek Delectus ; Jacob's Greek Reader; Dalzel's Collectanea Graeca Minora, and Greek Prosody ; Neilson's Greek Exercises, and Knappius' Greek Testament. Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, Tooke's Pantheon, and Adam's Roman Antiquities to be consulted and studied so that the student may explain all Classic allusions. Murray's English Grammar, Webber's Arithmetic, Elements of Geography and Ancient History. The Students are to perform such exercises in elocution and composition as the Preceptor may direct. College. Each class has two studies and a daily recitation in each study, except the Senior Class. Fresh. Class — Winter Session 1. Cambridge Course of Mathematics, — Lacroix's Arithmetic, Euler's Algebra, Legendre's Geometry commenced. 2. Cicero's orations reviewed, Livy, Graeca Majora Vol. ist, — the historians Herodotus and Xenophon. Composition and Dec- lamation. Summer Session. 1. Legendre's Geometry completed; Graeca Majora, 2nd vol. — Homer and the Minor Poets; Horace's Odes, and Greek and Latin Prosody. 2. English Grammar, Murray's 8 vo. vol ; Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric; and Exercises in elocution. Latin and Greek Exer- cises, and Roman Antiquities continued through the year. 94 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Sophomore Class — Winter Session. 1. Hedge's Logic, Morses's Geography 8vo. Vol., Ty tier's Elements of History and Chronology. 2. Graeca Majora, — Thucidydes, Lysias, Isocrates, and Demos- thenes; Tacitus. Declamation and Composition. Summer Session. 1. Lacroix's Algebra; Analytical Geometry commenced; Plane and Spherical Trigonometry and Algebra applied to Geometry. 2. Excerpta Latina — Quinctilian and Cicero, Graeca Majora — Dionysius, Longinus, and Aristotle. Translations from' English into Latin and Greek through the year. Declamation; compositions every four weeks through the year. Junior Class — Winter Session. 1. Chemistry with experiments and illustrations. Graeca Majora — Aristotle, Sophocles, and Euripides ; Horace. 2. Algebra applied to Conic Sections; Topography, or the ap- plication of Geometry to Projections; Dialling; Mensuration of Heights and Distances; Navigation; Nautical Astronomy; Sur- veying; Levelling &c; Fluxions. Composition and Declamation. Sumtner Session. 1. Enfield's Natural Philosophy — Mechanics; Pneumatics; Hydrostatics; Magnetism; Electricity; and Optics. 2. Cicero's Philosophical Works; Graeca Majora — Xenophon's Memorabilia, Plato and Aristotle. Compositions in Latin and Greek. Declamation ; Composition in English every three weeks through the year. Senior Class — Winter Session. 1. Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind, ist Vol., Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric; Paley's Moral and Political Philosophy; Astronomy. 2. Reviews — Mathematics and the Latin and Greek Classics. Summer Session. 1. Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind, 2nd Vol.; Chemistry and its applications ; Mineralogy ; Geology ; Laws of Nature and Nations, by Vattel. 2. Reviews — Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. Paley's THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 95 Evidences once a week through the year. Lectures are given on the most imiportant subjects of the course. Dissertations every two weeks; orations every four weeks; and forensics every eight weeks through the year. The members of each class are required to declaim in public once a month; the Senior Class to pronounce orations of their own composition. Private instruction will be given in the Oriental and Modern Languages.^ The Rev. James Marsh was elected the Professor of Lan- guages and Belles Letters.^ W. H. Cabell, Henry E. Watkins, and Thomas Miller a Com- mittee to solicit aid, to this institution, of the Legislature. 1824. Dec. 20. Dr. Rice. Respectful petition of the Students regarding a Christmas recess. Faculty authorised to grant a recess not exceeding ten days — 'in the opinion of the Board the custom of Virginia makes it proper that students should have some short recess at Christ- mas.' ^History, among other things, is a good deal vanity. Granted its im- portance, a history of a College might well be a sort of Browning affair — a series of narratives (or calendars) from different points of view. For instance, that of the Trustees, the Treasurer, the Faculty, the Lit- erary Societies, the Alumni as on record in their reminiscences. For Hampden Sidney College, when the turn of the Literary Societies came to speak through their records, a very remarkable showing would be made, and emphatically during the period when the curriculum given above was in force. The vigorous English of the Society records for that period is a matter of wonder to the reader, grown accustomed to the species of shabby shorthand which has been waxing as a habit ever since 1840 — not only in these records. What was it that brought about the change? The Mexican war? The railroads? The Associated Press? Nobody can say. Whatever the reason, it is a fact that when College boys were grilled more or less by the Schoolman's recipe the results intellectually were nothing despicable. "Dr. Rice, pastor of a church in Richmond for ten years before return- ing to Hampden Sidney in 1823, was instrumental in furthering the for- tunes of a good many New Englanders in the South. One of his ser- vants in Richmond got into the habit of thinking that any strange looking man who came to the door was possibly a New Englander. Dr. Rice introduced both President Cushing and Professor Marsh to Hampden Sidney. Marsh said of Dr. Rice in 1823, "taking him all in all I value his character more than that of any man I have yet known, decidedly." James Marsh came first to Hampden Sidney in the winter of 1823. He stayed a few months, and returned in December. He was an all round linguist, and his services were retained both by the College and the Theological School. While at Hampden Sidney he began his transla- tion of Herder's Spirit of Hebrew Poetry, and he was active in the organization of the Literary and Philosophical Society. See, Memoir by J. Torrey [Prefixed to Remains] Boston, 1843, pp. 56-76. 96 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1825. Apr. 29. William Berkeley. The Board to wear crape for one month — 'fully sensible of the public services and private virtues of the late Carter Page of Cumberland County and duly appreciating the loss which this Institution has sustained in the death of so valuable a member of their body.'^ 1825. Sept. 28-29-30. Col. Carrington. Degree of LL.D. conferred upon Benjamin Watkins Leigh, Esqr. of Richmond — 'evidence of high consideration for his character and attainments.' Committee reported that they had sold a part of the College lands called French's Old Store. Mr. Peter McViccar elected Professor of Mathematics. Hereafter an examination of the Students of the College to be on the 21 st, 22d, and 23d of December, on the previous studies of that session. Subscriptions to be solicited to be applied to the erection of another wing to the College edifice. 1826. July 1. Col. Carrington. No student to be required to board in Commons. Committee authorized to rent out the present Commons establishment and. the old Steward's establishment. No student permitted to board at any tavern, or at any house not licensed by the Board of Trustees; license to be annually renewed, and such boarding houses to be under the control of the College authorities. Price nowhere to exceed $9 per month. In renting the present Steward's establishment the two east rooms and the south room in the second story to be reserved for the use of officers. Tenant to board two officers and two servants as heretofore. 1826. Sept. 29. James Jones. Treasurer's report — balance due him seventeen pounds two shillings and one half penny. Committee of repairs to make such repairs in the old College building as they may think expedient. ^n the Revolutionary war Major Carter Page had been a member of Lafayette's staff. He was President Cushing's father in law. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 97 Mr. James Marsh tendered his resignation as Professor of Languages.^ Six hundred dollars appropriated to the Faculty as a salary in addition to the tuition fees, to be distributed in the same man- ner as the money derived from that source. 1826. Oct. 12. Dr. Rice. Committee to sell four or six acres of the land given to the College by Martin Saylors, to any officer of College for a house- lot upon terms and conditions to be approved. Gait Bequest — The late William Gait of Richmond hath be- queathed, by his last will and testament thirty shares in the [Farmer's] Bank of Virginia to the Trustees of Hampden Syd- ney College in trust for the benefit of the Theological Seminary under the care of the Piresbytery of Hanover: Resolved by this Board that they are perfectly willing that executors of the late William Gait should convey the same to James Caskie or to any other person or persons whom the Presbytery of Hanover may elect to receive them.^ 1827. Apr. 25. Richard N. Venable. J., of Nelson County, having been disgracefully dismissed by the Faculty from the institution for firing pistols within the College buildings (during an examination), neglect of studies, insolence to an officer, going to the shops and trading on Sunday, profane swearing, locking a recitation-room door with a class in the room, and general disorder and irregularity, and having refused to leave College at the time specified by the Faculty — resolved, that the said J. be expelled. 1827. Sept. 25-26-27. Col. Carrington— Dr. Rice. Committee which made the loan to the Upper Appomattox Company instructed to require a sufficient security. ^"From first to last Mr. Marsh was connected with Hampden Sidney College about three years, a time hardly sufficient to enable him fully to realize any of his plans. But when he was called, as he soon was, into another field, he left behind him an impression of his competency to fulfil the highest expectations of his friends; and during that short period many young minds took from him a direction which decided their character for life, as was long afterwards, in several cases, grate- fully acknowledged. In October, 1826, Mr. Marsh was appointed Presi- dent of the University in his native State [Vermont]" J. Torrey, Memoir &c p. 76. 'William Gait was the uncle of John Allan, adoptive father of Edgar Poe. 'Mr. Gait was one of the wealthiest men in the State.' cf. Life and Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, By James A.' Harrison, New York, 1902, I, 16. 98 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Mr. William N. Page was appointed Professor of the Latin Language and Roman Literature. Mr. Hugh A. Garland was appointed Professor of the Greelc Language and Greek Literature.^ William S. Morton appointed Clerk to the Board of Trustees of Hampden Sydney College, to continue in office during the- pleasure of the Board, at an annual Salary not exceeding thirty dollars. Committee to draft a memorial setting forth the wants of this, institution, to be presented to the Legislature or brought before its consideration through the medium of the Board of Managers, of the Literary Fund. 1828. June 7. Richard N. Venable, Committee to take into consideration the expediency of estab- lishing a wood-yard at College, or to devise some means by which the students can be furnished with a constant supply of fuel on reasonable terms." 1828. Sept. 26. Richard N. Venable. Course of studies revised, e. g. Lacroix's Algebra transferred from the summer to the winter session of the Sophomore Class, and Graeca Majora stricken out of the course of studies ; Natural Philosophy commenced in the winter session and Astronomy in the Summer session of the Junior year; Say's Political Economy introduced in the Summer Session of the Senior Qass in the place of the second volume of Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind. A Science Course of Studies for three years for such students as. do not study the ancient languages. On motion, resolved that those students of the Junior Class who wish to obtain a knowl- edge of the pronunciation and idioms of the modern language.? may be permitted to omit such portions of the Latin and Greek languages of that class as the Faculty shall think proper, except Horace and Sophocles. Mr. Gushing authorised to rent a house for Professor Page price not to exceed $ioo. 'Hugh A. Garland, of the Class of 1825, was Clerk of the House of Representatives during the administration of Van Buren, and has been anathematized by John Quincy Adams for doing no more than his duty in refusing to pass upon the credentials of members at the organi- zation of a House — December 1839. See, Shepard's Martin Van Buren [American Statesmen], pp. 319-322. Garland's Life of John Randolph, a most careful work, is still worth a careful reading. 'After a century and a third, the price of cord-wood locally is $3 for oak, and $2 for pine — encouraging to those who may not be absolute conservationists. Except within the last twenty years little coal has been used. Jonathan P. Gushing. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 99 1828. Oct. 31-Nov. 1. Richard N. Venable. Two hundred acres of the land belonging to the College to be sold, adjoining the lands heretofore sold to George King and others. A Committee to apply to the General Assembly for pecuniary aid to this College. Resolved, that the Rev. Dr. Rice, President Gushing, and Richard N. Venable be a committee to prepare a history of the College, and report to a future meeting of the Board.^ The revision of the laws was completed, and the laws as re- vised were ordered to be printed. 1829. Apr. 21. R. N. Venable. Authorization of transfer of funds of the Presbytery of Han- 'Like movements for woman's suffrage, American independence, im- proved agriculture or anything else, the idea of putting together a his- tory of Hampden Sidney College goes back a long time. In 1782 it was proposed to enter in a book every item of historical importance regard- ing the institution. This book was seriously begun, given over, and has disappeared, all but a few pages. Apparently nothing came of the motion of October, 1828. A few years later Dr. G. W. Dame, a nephew of President Gushing and at the time a Professor in the Gollege, was ap- pointed by the alumni to write a history of the Gollege. He went indus- triously about the task, talked with early Trustees and pupils of the first two Presidents, and had collected much material, when objection was made to the enterprise on the ground that the author was not a mem- ber of any church, and should not be allowed to write the history of a Presbyterian Gollege. Professor Dame replied that he had been ap- pointed to write the history of a literary institution and not of a theologi- cal school, for if Dr. Smith the elder spoke truly Hampden Sidney was in no sense a sectarian institution — "but as Mr. W. (a minister) was so much opposed to my writing it — a member of no church and of no church predilections — I would not touch the work and immediately re- signed. I gave my papers to some one, I do not know to whom. I had a catalogue of all the students who have ever been there and gave it to the Trustees, but I understand that was lost by the Secretary whose duty it was to take care of it." The fate of these papers shows how effective a little spleen may be, working together with a little negligence. On the historical side the College has lost greatly because it has had no definite repository, well administered, until within very recent years. About 1850 Dr. Foote published his extraordinary volumes, from which a very fair history of the first fifty years of the College may be compiled. Every writer since Dr. Foote has drawn largely upon his narrative — Charles Martin in 1859, (Magazine) ; Col. Fitzgerald in 1871 ; Reid Mcllwaine in 1888 (Appendix, Thomas Jefferson and the Univer- sity of Virginia) ; Dr. Richard Mcllwaine in numerous addresses and circulars; and even the late Dr. Henneman. Dr. Henneman, however, did a vast amount of original research into the history of the College, some of which was published; if he had remained in Virginia (which as a State owes him much) the history of the Gollege would almost certainly have been recorded by him in the most thorough-going fashion. Mr. Grigsby's Centennial Address of 1876 (MS) contains a great deal of first hand information. loo CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. over (including thirty shares bank stock, bequest of William Gait), held in trust by the Board for the support of a Theologicaf Professorship, to the Trustees of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America — with proviso fixing liabilities for the amount of the Gait bequest, should the executors or residuary legatees commence process at law. Committee to make arrangements for soliciting aid to the Col- lege by way of subscriptions. [An address to the public ordered, June 13, 1829]. 1829. Sept. 23-24. Colo. Carrington. A letter received from William N. Page, tendering a resigna- tion of his Professorship of the Latin Language and Roman Literature. The Treasurer authorized to pay the sum of eighteen hundred dollars, in lieu of the six hundred dollars heretofore appropriated for the annual support of the officers of College. 1830. Feb. 16. Colo. Carrington. There being still a deficiency of seven or eight thousand dol- lars proposed to be raised by subscription. President Gushing is requested to continue his exertions to obtain stibscriptions. Richard N. Vienable and Henry N. Watkins a committee to inquire into and report to the next meeting the practicability of purchasing the buildings of the Union Theological Seminary. 1830. Apr. 28. Colo. Carrington. Resolution of the Bbard of Directors of the Union Theological Seminary, signed J. H. C. Leach, Secretary : — The Board would feel itself bound to submit such a proposition [offer to purchase the site and buildings of the Seminary] to the Synods of Virginia and North Carolina. 'And they are so thoroughly convinced that the ultimate decision of the question involved against the pro- posed measure as injurious to the welfare of the Seminary, and a violation of good faith to its benefactors, that they deem it not expedient to regard it as a subject of future consideration.'^ 'These Minutes regarding a purchase of the Theological Seminary's plant are rather unexpected : Dr. Rice, Dean of the Seminary, was will- ing to act as one of the Committee of the Trustees of the College to sub- mit the proposition. In 1827 the Presbytery of Hanover, which had again become sponsor for the Seminary, made over the school to the two Synods (of Virginia and North Carolina). Therefore in 1830 the insti- tution was the Union Seminary. Much of the money which had set it going had been raised in Virginia, especially Southside Virginia; much of it had come from the North. The group of buildings thus secured was imposing enough — a great dormitory, chapel, and library building flanked by two commodious residences for professors. If there was any opportunity, it must have seemed an excellent one to the Trustees of the College, who at the time had funds in hand. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. loi 1830. May 31-June 1. Colo. Carrington. The subscription paper circulated for the benefit of the Col- lege having been returned, and it appearing that the sum of thirty thousand dollars has been subscribed, ordered, that the Clenk give notice through the newspapers of that fact. Com- mittee to superintend the collection of the subscriptions. It shall be the duty of the officers of the College, except the President, to remain in the College edifice during the hours of study ; at night one of the professors and the tutor or tutors shall always remain. $25,000 of the funds of the College to be set apart as a per- manent fund. President Cushing, R. N. Venable, and James Madison a Com- mittee to contract for building the west wing of the College edi- fice. Price of board to be eight dollars and the steward to be charged no rent. 1830. Sept. 23-24. Col. Carrington. Col. Armistead Burwell having sent in his resignation of the office of Steward of this College, the Board proceeded to the elec- tion of a Steward, and the mem'bers having prepared their ballots, it appeared that John J. Flournoy had a majority of votes. The Steward to receive the deposit money for fuel, and to re- ceive and distribute the wood which may have been contracted for by the faculty ; and on all occasions, when the Trustees meet to attend to the interests of the College, to provide accommoda- tion for them and for their horses, without charge. The Col- lege bell to be removed to a suitable place in or near the Steward's yard, and to be put under his protection. A letter received from Mr. Hugh A. Garland resigning the Professorship of the Greek Language and Literature. The Professors of Mathematics and Languages to have their studies in the College buildings, and to be in their studies during all the hours of study, and to preserve order in and about the College. Each officer of the institution, except the President, on every day or night to visit all student's rooms, and to see that the students are in their respective places and attending to their proper duties. Col. Madison, Richard N. Venable, and President Cushing to .contract for a suitable house &c for the President, total cost with the enclosure, not to exceed four or five thousand dollars — 'but the contractor is to have the privilege of using, in building 102 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. such new houses, such part of the materials of the old CoUege'^ as the said Committee may think proper.' Sum set apart for permanent fund reduced to $20,000. The Rev. Stephen Taylor of Richmond elected Professor of Languages, the Rev. Thomas C. Upham of Bowdoin College, alternate. [Both declined: Minute of Apr. 27, 1831]. John Burwell and David Comfort appointed Tutors. $1800 over and above tuition fees appropriated as compen- sation to the President, Professors, and Tutors for the ensuing year. President Cushing credited with the amount of his own sub- scription, 'in consideration of great and valuable services in ob- taining subscriptions for the College.' President Cushing, William M. Thornton, and William M. Atkinson a Committee to apply to the Legislature for an appro- priation from the Literary Fund, in aid of the funds of this College. [The petition of Dec. 20, 1830 is signed by J. P. Cushing, Wil- liam M. Thornton and W. M. Atkinson, a committee of the trustees, and requests a grant of aid by the State on account of the lack of support arising from the depression in the prices of farm products. Ten years before an attempt had been made to raise a sufficient fund by subscription to erect a new building, but only a part of the plan was completed. In the last eighteen months, however, enough money had been raised in the south- eastern part of the State to enable the trustees to finish the building, and also to establish a small endowment. Means were needed at the time to increase the accommodations for the faculty, to enlarge the library and the philosophical apparatus, so that the college mlight be kept up-to-date. The trustees therefore asked for an appropriation from the literary fund. Abstract -by Dr. Eckenrode, State Archivist.] 1831. Apr. 27. Mr. Berkeley. Conveyance to John H. Rice and others of all right and title which the Trustees of Hampden Sydney College may have to 'In the American Almanac for 1834 the statement is made o-f Hamp- den Sidney College that it has two buildings, both of brick, the one 190 feet by So etc., and the other 45x40 of 3 stories occupied by the academy or preparatory school attached to the College. The building 45x40 was the Old College. The statement in the Almanac must be referred to the year 1833 or possibly 1832. The new President's house was finished in 1833, and no doubt that year, or 1832, was the last of the Old College. Henry E. Watkins. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 103 four and three eighths acres of land conveyed to them by a deed from Martin Saylors, Dec. 30, 1823. Committee to confer with Mr. Binford relative to opening a road from the Lynchburg road to H. S. Coliege.'^ Mr. Albert L. Holladay unanimously elected Professor of Languages. 1831. May 5. Mr. Berkeley. Committee to contract for erecting a house for the President, have contracted with David Bruce and Reuben Perry. 1831. July 6. Col. Carrington. A letter was read from President Gushing, containing his resig- nation of the office of President. Resignation accepted. A com- mittee to ascertain whether Mr. Gushing will not remain for a year from October next. In a conference Mr. Gushing stated that he had niade communications which might produce incompatible engagements.^ Committee for building the new wing to contract for a belfry. 1831. Sept. 28-30. ['At the Philosophical Room']. Major James Morton — Mr. Berkeley. Resolutions on the death of Dr. Rice. Committee to sell land near King's Tavern. Salary appropriation: $1800 of which the President to re- ceive 16-40, each of the Professors 9-40; 6-40 at the disposal of the Committee to employ Tutors. President, Professors, and Tutors to receive the whole of the tuition fees, to be divided in the same manner. Order accepting the resignation of President Gushing re- scinded. President Gushing withdrew his resignation and pre- ^Mr. Binford lived within sight of the College at "Cherry Hill," part of the old Johnston estate, where it has been said that Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was born. In 1831 the Lynchburg road from the Court House bore to the northwest at Morton's Store (now "Wayside") passing very near the house at "Cherry Hill," and continuing across Buffalo Creek. At Morton's Store the Charlotte road, or road to the College, turned to the left, following a course south of the present road across the bog now the baseball field. For many years the Court House was the chief objective near the College. Not until about 1850 were the roads changed to their present bearing — ^by making the Lynchburg road and the Charlotte road the same to a point on the College lands some distance south of "Cherry Hill," where the Lynchburg road was turned sharply to the northwest, and the Charlotte road kept on, curving to the north instead of to the south as before. ""Mr. Cushing of Hampden Sidney was elected professor of Chemistry and natural philosophy" — Richmond Enquirer, July 12, 1831 — account of commencement exercises at William and Mary College, July 4. 104 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. sented a letter resigning the office of President, to take effect Oct. I, 1832. Committee to give Mr. E. Root, late an officer in this institu- tion,^ such a certificate of his qualifications as they may think proper. 1832. Apr. 25. Col. Carrington. Resignation of John J. Flournoy, as Steward of College, ac- cepted. The Board proceeded to the election of a President ; whereupon Jonathan P. Gushing, Esqr., was elected. Committee after con- ference with Mr. Gushing reported that he had accepted the appointment. The Clerk required to advertise the annual and semi-annual meetings of the Board in due time. 1832. July 17. Col. Carrington. Richard N. Venable to represent the Board in the next election of Trustees for the Upper Appomattox Company. For the ensuing year the Steward to pay $200 rent for the establishment. Tutor or Tutors required to eat in the dining-hall with the students. [Rescinded, Sept. 28, 1832.] 1832. Sept. 28. Col. Carrington. Treasurer's bond fixed at $20,000. Thomas Vernon elected Steward from Oct. i. Salary appro- priation : $1200 from the funds and tuition fees. A memorial to be addressed to the Legislature of Virginia at the next session of that body, asking aid for Hampden Sidney College. 1833. Apr. 24. Colo. Madison. Committee to receive deeds from the representatives of the late John H. Rice and from the Session of the Church near the Col- lege, for two small lots of land within the enclosure surrounding the President's house. ^Mr. Root of New York was a graduate of Williams College, 1821. He was one of the Charter trustees of the University of Wisconsin and the first Superintendent of Public Instruction of that State. He died in 1887, Rector of Trinity Church, St. Augustine, Florida. Mr. Root established a girls' school at Prince Edward Court House, which was celebrated in its time in Virginia. This school contributed much, for some thirty years, to the discipline and the gayety of the community. Mr. Root sold to Daniel Woods, a son of Dr. Leonard Woods of Andover. Professor Branch was the last owner. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 105 1833. Sept. 27. Colo. Carrington. 'Resolved, that when an applicant for admission into College shall make it satisfactorily appear that his annual resources are inadequate to pay the price allowed the Steward for board, upon his exhibiting the Steward's refusal to board him for such a sum as he can afford to pay, the faculty be authorized to permit him to board elsewhere.' [No Student compelled to board with the Steward. Sept 23, 1834] The resignation of Mr. Albert Holladay of the Professorship of Languages was accepted. Professor McViccar acting as Curator, [assigned the old Presi- dent's house, Nov. 19, 1833]. Penalties required of the contractors for building the west wing ($50) and the President's house ($175). Dr. Socrates Maupin of Albemarle elected Professor of Lan- guages for one year. 1834. Oct. 3. Capt. H. A. Watkins. 'As soon as practicable the students of this institution shall be required to wear a college uniform of the following description, viz : a coat^ pantaloons, and vest of mixed gray cloth which may be domestic or foreign manufacture; the cost of the whole suit shall not exceed twenty four dollars.' Until more definite action the style of the uniform to be determined by the faculty.^ ^The Laws and Regulations of 1784 touch upon the matter of a uniform. In 1828 the students themselves determined to wear Virginia cloth, cut and color prescribed. Just before the outbreak of the Civil War there was a similar movement. [See Magazine, II, 41.] The proceedings of 1828 are of interest, viz. — Hampden-Sydney College, August 25, 1828. In this time of universal and distressing pecuniary embarrassment, whatever has a tendency to mitigate, even in the slightest degree, the evils consequent upon this state of things, must doubtless be considered by all lovers of their country, in the highest degree praiseworthy. From this consideration, and impressed with the belief that the present distressed state of agriculture and commerce in Virginia is owing, in a great measure, to the unequal operation of the Tariff Laws — and at the same time, convinced that much may be done by way of alleviation, should proper measures be adopted, the Students of Hampden-Sydney College assembled in their Chapel on the 20th ult., when, upon motion, it was re- solved that a committee of three be appointed to express their sentiments fully upon the subject, and also to recommend a dress, which will, in some degree, lessen the expense of their collegiate course. Whereupon Messrs. Landon C. Garland, Nathan J. Barnett, and Samuel J. Rice, were ap- pointed, who offered the following Preamble and Resolutions, [regarding the Tariff — 'manufactures not merely protected in their infancy but given an entire monopoly'; 'blighting influence more deeply felt by the agricul- turalists, especially those of the South/l Our lands are exhausted, our purses emptied — and we are left no other alternative but to act precisely as if our ports were blockaded by an in- io6 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Mr. McViccar's resignation of the Professorship of Mathe- matics was handed in to the Board. A Professorship of Geology and Mineralogy (and adjunct Professorship of Chemlistry and Natural Philosophy) to be established. It shall be the duty of the person filling this pro- fessorship to instruct the Classes in Mineralogy and Geology, and under the direction of the Professor in those branches to hear the text-books in Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, to keep the Philosophical and Chemical apparatus in good condition, to make all necessary preparations for suitable illustrations of those sciences. Compensation 6/ 40 of tuition fees and of annual appropriation ; salary to be advanced, when circumstances permit, to that of the other Professors. Dr. Socrates Maupin elected Professor of Mathematics, one year. Robert G. Branch " " " Languages, " Geo. W. Dame " " " Geology &c., " " ^ vading foe. We must live entirely within ourselves — purchase nothing from foreign or northern markets but what is absolutely necessary. Impresed with these sentiments, we would earnestly recommend to our fellow-students of other seminaries, as well as to our fellow-citizens at large, to adopt the most rigid course of economy. But as to ourselves, be it Resolved, That we will curtail all unnecessary expense, and adopt a uniform, which shall secure both cheapness, comfort, and neatness. 2. Resolved, That, in order to effect this, the dress shall consist solely of Virginia cloth. 3. Resolved, That the coat be of a dark grey cloth — standing collar — pockets upon the outside — single-breasted, with buttons and button-holes black. Also to be represented upon the left breast with black cord, the figure of the celebrated Theorem, in which the square upon the Hypothe- nuse of any right-angled triangle, is shewn to be equal to the sum of the squares upon the other two sides. — Black cravats or stocks — vest as usual, without regard to color or quality. — Pantaloons cut according to the fashion of the day — provided they have no straps. — Shoes, with gaiters, of a black color, without regard to quality. 4. Resolved, That no other dress be worn either on public occasions, or in vacations, but the one proposed. This Preamble and these Resolutions were unanimously agreed to, and ordered to be inserted in The Richmond Enquirer and Constitutional Whig in order to afford to those who intend connecting themselves with the Institution, an opportunity of supplying themselves with the uniform. [Richmond Enquirer, Sept 28, 1828. Magazine, IX, 188-190.] 'The following note, a contribution to the study of a local problem of very long standing (since 1835), has been extracted as of interest (cf. article by Dr. Dame, Magazine, XII, 338-342 :— March 23, 1835 — The Committee which had been appointed for the pur- THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 107 Officers of College to teach private classes in their respective departments when deemied necessary by the Faculty; if these duties in any department become very arduous, other Professors to give assistance. Officers, except the President, to reside in the College; those with families not to sleep there unless very necessary from dis- orders. No CQllege tenement to be rented for a boarding house ; that officer of College first becoming head of a family to have first choice of residences available. Salary appropriation : $1200 plus tuition fees. pose of examining into the conduct of those members engaged in carry- ing off the bell offered the following report which was accepted. "To the Union Society "The committee appointed this morning to examine into the reports which have been circulated concerning those members who were engaged in carrying off the bell on Saturday evening last respectfully report, that in pursuance with their instructions they waited on Mr. Root, and subse- quently on Mrs. Jos. Todd, and have ascertained the reports, as we ex- pected were very much exaggerated. The following is the amount of the statement made by Mr. Root. He says that about twelve o'clock on Sat- urday night he was awakened by a considerable noise, which had dis- turbed some of his family, but as soon as he heard the ringing of the bell, he conjectured that it was some frolic of the students of college, and was not himself at all alarmed, but that he was afterward induced to arise by ascertaining that some of the young ladies were considerably alarmed. He found that the alarmed were the new students who had never heard anything of the kind before, and were at a loss to conjecture what it meant. That during the disturbance there was some knocking at one of his windows, which was answered from within by Mrs. Jordan who was in the room, he (Mr. Root) requesting Mrs. Jordan not to speak as it would do no good. He heard the firing of pistols and blowing of trumpets — Knew nothing of any attempt to get into the window. He heard the names of several persons called, and among others his own name called, but heard no abusive language or swearing used towards himself or others. * * * ^e may further remark that the conversation of Mr. Root evidently indicated that the noise was a cause of considerable dis- turbance among his family and that he also was somewhat hurt at its occurrence. In conclusion your Committee beg leave to remark that the exaggerated accounts which have arisen from this occurrence ought to be a vvarning to the members of society to deter them from any like conduct in future. For even should they do nothing improper, reports will most probably be circulated, injurious to themselves, to college and to their society— In view of which we offer the following resolution for the consideration of Society. "Resolved . "That Society disapproves of any conduct on the part of its members, directly or indirectly calculated to injure or in any way disturb peaceful and inoffensive citizens." Which we respectfully report S. O. SOUTHALL, J J. TiDBALL y Committee H. H. Wood. ) io8 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Committee to confer with Mr. Edward Colston, regarding a proposition made by him to the Trustees on the subject of the funds of the Grand Lodge of Virginia; and the education of indigent sons of Master Masons. 1835. Apr. 24. Mr. Berkeley. Report of Committee to sell lands near King's Tavern: Sale Feb. 19, 1833 at $10, $15, $20, and $22.50 an acre. Total real- ized $2670.75. Treasurer authorized to employ an assistant agent to collect the dues to the College outstanding. Approval of the arrangement with the Rev. Dr. Baxter to in- struct the Senior Class during the next session. Resolutions on the death of President Cushing: Mr. Isaac Read to be requested to deliver a commemoration address at the next commencement (Thomas Alkinson, alternate).^ 1835. June 30. Col. Carrington. Major James Morton resigns as Trustee. Edward Ruffin, Esqr., of Prince George, presents a copy of the second volume of his Farmers' Register, containing his essay on Calcareous Manures. The Rev. Daniel Lynn Carroll of Brooklyn, New York, was elected President. 1835. July 1. Col. Carrington. S, C. Anderson and H. N. Watkins a Committee to respond to the invitation of the Legislature to make known to that body the situation and wants of this institution. Mr. Zebulon M. P. Powers of Amelia elected Professor of Mathematics. Salary apportionment: 14/40 of appropriation and fees to the President. 8/40 of appropriation (with proportion of fees) to each Professor. ^Mr. Cushing, who did his work notwithstanding a heavy physical handi- cap, had gone South shortly before. He died at Raleigh, North Carolina, towards the end of April. Jonathan Peter Cushing, the builder of the New College at Hampden Sidney, was born in New Hampshire in 1793. A graduate of Dartmouth in 1817, his scientific bent must have been somewhat due to Professor Adams (Mathematics and Natural Philosophy), and' to James Freeman Dana (Harvard 1813), appointed in 1816 Lecturer in Chemistry at Dart- mouth. The late Benjamin M. Smith, D. D., a man of wide experience, said : "Mr. Cushing was the best teacher, in any department, I have known." Mr. Cushing was Vice President of the first Virginia Historical Society. His address before that body in 1833 is good proof of the range and strength of his opinions. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 109 [Printed in Virginia Senate Document, 1836. HAMPDEN SIDNEY COLLEGE. To the President and Directors of the Literary Fund : In obedience to a resolution of the president and trustees of Hampden Sydney College, appointing us a committee for the purpose of answering the circular of the president and directors of the literary fund, we beg leave to state, that Hampden Sydney was incorporated in the year 1783 — that in May 1784, the legisla- ture of Virginia made a donation to the college of four hundred and twelve acres of land lying near the college, which had been the property of Spiers & Co. — In December 1794, the legislature made a further donation to this institution of twelve hundred acres of land lying in the upper end of Prince Edward county, which had been the land of Robert Rutledge; both of these tracts of land had escheated to the commonwealth, and it is be- lieved by the committee they are poor lands and of small value. The value of the first mentioned tract may be ascertained by reference to the records of the general court where by law the valuation was recorded. These tracts of land have been sold except about one hundred and fifty acres. Except the above donations, the college has been entirely supported by private munificence. The funds of the college consist of money at in- terest at six per centum. By the report of the treasurer up to ist September, 1835, the principal is $15,319.84; interest then due $1,547.89. The college is indebted about $1,000. There is, in addition to the foregoing, the balance of a subscription, from which we expect to receive about $2,000, which will make the principal of the funds of this college little upwards of $17,000. The buildings belonging to the institution are — ^the college building, which has forty-eight rooms for students — a centre building, in which are the chapel, two lec- ture rooms and two society halls. In addition, there are a presi- dent's house, a professor's house and a steward's establishment. The college has a few bodks, scarcely deserving the name of a library. The two societies have each respectable libraries. There is belonging to this institution a good philosophical and chemical apparatus. The officers in college are a president and three pro- fessors. The annual revenue for the support of these will be the interest on the fund aforesaid, of $17,000, together with the tuition fees. The room rents, it is thought, will keep the college building in repair. The tuition is at the rate of four dollars a month; board not to exceed nine dollars per month. For the government and course of studies, we refer to a printed pam'phlet, which contains the laws and regulations of the institution, which is herewith enclosed. The wants of the college are funds to no CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. build three houses for professors, and funds to enable us to in- crease the pay of the present professors and maintain two other professors, and a teacher in the preparatory school. This col- lege has contended with difficulties which no other institution of the kind in the state has had to encounter; yet it has sustained itself respectably among them all. The average number of stu- dents at this college, from its foundation, has been, as we have learned from our late president, about sixty. The location of this college is as healthy as any situation between the Blue Ridge and tide water. Which is respectfully submitted. Samuel C. Anderson, Henry N. Watkins, Committee of the Presi- dent and Trustees of Hampden Sydney Col- lege. October 28th, 1835. COLLEGE CIRCULAR. Those who are appointed to direct the education and conduct of youth assembled at a public institution, must feel a degree of responsibility to the parents and guardians of those committed to their care. Parents and guardians are themselves naturally anxious to know the character and proficiency of their sons and wards. It is also important, that parental affection and authority, which governed the child when at home, should not be forgotten when he is removed to college, but cherished as the most hon- ourable motive to industry and virtue. These^ considerations induce the faculty to transmit, at the close of each session, a correct and impartial statement of the conduct and proficiency of each student. In attempting to do exact justice, they may, however, fail in some instances; but it will ever give them pleasure to correct, in a subsequent communi- cation, any mistake. They believe, however, that there is more liability to err, especially in the article of behaviour, on the favourable side. It is important to remark, that the character of a student often changes during his continuance at college. Some, who begin well, end ill; but a larger number, who were once culpable, re- form, and reach the highest standing. If parents, then, observe that their sons are doing well, their approbation and advice may preserve them in well-doing. If deficiences or faults are noted, the youth should be exhorted and encouraged to repair them. To reform is perfectly practicable, and often occurs. If dili- gence in study has been greater than success, no fault is at- tributed ; the youth is unfortunate, not blameable. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. Ill That no obscurity may rest on the following report, it may be mentioned, that No. i. No. 2, and No. 3, in scholarship, denote so many degrees of merit — not comparative, but absolute; i. e. the first in his class may not reach the assumed standard of excellence, but be marked No. 2, though no one has a higher grade. No. i, denotes a high degree of mterit; No. 2, a medium share of merit; and No. 3, a standing lower than the medium. When a student is distinguished in either of these grades, the word "distinguished" is added to the number. And as distinc- tions in the article of scholarship are themselves various, this variety is also marked: thus if a student is marked No. i, dis- tinguished (i), he is considered as holding the highest standing. If he is marked No. i, distinguished (2), he holds a degree less eminent; and though No. i, marks more than a medium standing, yet not so high as No. i, distinguished (3). In the articles of behaviour and industry, No. i, denotes an exemption from censure; Nos. 2 and 3, imply different degrees of censure. Where the conduct of the student has been ex- emplary in either of these articles, he is marked No. i, dis- tinguished. NAME Scholarship, No. Behaviour, No. Industry, No. Recitations Chapel Sermon Room CLASS Absence fromi College Duties, times times times times Contingent Expenses. HEALTH with excuse without excuse with excuse without excuse with excuse without excuse with excuse without excuse Library Printing Public Damage Private Damage Wood for Public Rfooms . It is the earnest endeavor of the faculty, in administering the 112 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. government of college, to avoid all harshness and severity, and to make all suitable allowance for the inconsiderateness of youth. Nothing servile or degrading is wished. The motives of action are all addressed to the student's interest, duty and honour. The great object of the trustees and officers of college, is to render the students happy, and present them to their parents and their country, manly, learned and virtuous. But to the attainment of these ends, correct conduct, cordial compliance with the laws of college, and constant industry, are essential. Experience has fully proved, that great neglect in any of these particulars, speedily influences the whole character, corrupts others, and ren- ders a separation from the institution indispensable. Parents, therefore, will consult their own and their children's happiness by inculcating in the most impressive manner, an attention to these several points. And, if those having sons here, shall be consulted by others, who may think of sending youth to this col- lege, it will be accepted as a favour if the inquirers be informed ; that while the introduction of virtuous, orderly and industrious youth will be an honour to the institution, the introduction of different characters is a misfortune, and, that if such enter, a reformation or a removal is the only alternative. By order of the faculty.] Hampden Sydney College. 1835. Sept. 25. Mr. Berkeley. Dr. Maupin was requested to officiate as President in the exer- cises of today's commencement. President Carroll after being legally qualified took his seat in the Board. Committees: To purchase so much of the Apparatus which belongs to Mr. Cushing as may be of use to the College or just to him; To repair the old Steward's tenement, and to add a porch to the new Steward's tenement; To sell the remainder of the College lands [near King's Tavern] ; To erect a stone over Mr. Cushing's grave in Raleigh [at the Board's individual ex- pense, Apr 17. 1838.] ; To settle amicably the dispute between the Literary Societies on the subject of College diplomas; [Pro- fessors Dame and Branch] to contract for the College wood ; To ask aid of the Legislature. The usual salary appropriation, of $1200, "to be made from the permanent fund.' Mr. Thomas Atkinson asked to deliver his address in com- memoration of Mr. Cushing, Oct. 3, 1836, in the College Church. Communications received from the Rev. James Wood, agent of the General Assembly's Board of Education [Presbyterian Church] — Mr. Wood offering to raise $25,000 for the College to be invested as follows : in procuring all necessary fixtures for a THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 113 manual labour department; in establishing an additional profes- sorship. The College to be under contract to receive, free of tuition, 25 beneficiaries of the Board of Education, 'they enjoy- ing the privilege of manual labour in both departments.' Proposition accepted, and friends of the College urged to sus- tain this important enterprise.^ 1836. Apr. 27. Mr. Berkeley. Resolved, that an effort be made to raise $50,000 for Hampden Sidney College, and that an agent or agents be appointed to make application to the friends of the institution for a subscription payable in five annual instalments. The Faculty appointed a Committee to draw up and report to the Board at their annual meeting a course of study for the insti- tution, and to make such regulation of the studies in the interim as they may deem necessary to meet the proposed change in the Mathematical department. Professor Powers allowed at the rate of $150 per annum until he receives his hotise. Committee to settle the difficulty between the two Literary Societies in relation to the plate for diplomas, authorised to pur- chase a plate for this purpose.^ 1836. Sept. 27-29. Mr. Berkeley. Dr. Carroll and Mr. Stanton to sell the house called the old Library house and that called the Old Fort ; those houses when sold to be removed from the College lands [Rescinded at a later session.] 1 'See, Address, "Advantages of Manual Labour Schools" by Benjamin F. Stanton (Trustee of the College and pastor of the College Church) before the Institute of Education of Hampden Sydney College. Farmers' Register, IV, (1836) 271-276 — Copied from the Southern Literary Mes- senger. Mr. Stanton, a Connecticut man, was a practical farmer, and it is likely this attempt to introduce the manual labor system was due to him. 'From the records of the Union Society it appears that in 1821 (Mar. 20) 'subscriptions were taken for the purchase of a diplomatic stamp of Hampden Sidney College, the profits of which to be at the dis- posal of the Society.' Feb. 21, 1835, a committee reported that there were on hand 'fourteen society diplomas and twenty college diplomas; stamp for college seal much worn.' July 23, 1836 — 'Seal committee to confer with the Trustees and ascertain what the Trustees will give for the seal.' The bargain was made and authorized. The College used its own diploma seal in 1812. From the Minute, it seems that both Literary Societies in 1836 were allowed a stamp revenue, and that conditions governing it became a matter of dispute. . 114 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Second degree in the arts conferred on Dr. Draper 'of this institution.'^ 'Dr. Draper, whose home at this time was at Christiansville (now Chase City) in Medclenburg County, had a few months before graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The following extract from the Farmers' Register (IV, 315) will serve to explain Dr. Draper's con- nection with the College before Sept. 1836, the date of his election to a Professorship. — Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Virginia. At a meeting of several gentlemen, held at Prince Edward Court House, on Saturday, July 23d 1836, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, Dr. W. B. Smith was appointed Chairman, and Dr. B. F. Wilson Secretary. The objects of this meeting were, to consider, what measures are most likely to develop an intimate and extensive knowledge of the mineral wealth of the State of Virginia, and to put into operation such means as may tend to render those resources available to the purposes of public good. * * * Analytical Chemistry, which is the science furnishing the knowledge necessary, is not taught as a branch of education in any of the public insti- tutions of the United States, and those persons who are acquainted with it, have almost entirely obtained their knowledge of it in foreign coun- tries. The number of such, of course, is very limited, and totally inade- quate to the demand. The meeting therefore was fully impressed with the high importance, to the public, of providing ample instruction, by the immediate establishment of a school of chemical analysis, assaying of metals, and of all those operations which are concerned in the determina- tion of the value of minerals and ores. * * * It is hoped by the establishment of a school in which all subjects in any manner connected with mineralogy are taught, and especially practical in- struction afforded in Chemical analysis, that arrangements might shortly be made, for a systematic analysis of the Virginia minerals. Gentlemen residing at a distance, and finding specimens on their estates, might have authentic information of their composition, furnished from the labors of the pupils of this school. With reference to the pupils themselves, no one of course, without some previous knowledge of the general principles of scientific Chemistry, would be able to commence in this department. Graduates of respectable col- leges, and those who had attended full courses of lectures, would find their acquirements, in this particular, sufficient as a commencement. To make provision, however, for such as might be desirous of entering the School without any previous preparation, suitable arrangements could be made, by which that amount of preliminary knowledge might be acquired at Hampden Sidney College. * * * ^ Being impressed with the importance of this subject, the meeting pro- ceeded to organize itself into society, to be known by the name and title of the Mineralogical Society of Virginia. A constitution was adopted, and the following gentlemen elected officers : — Richard N. Venable, Esq., President; Dr. W. B. Smith, Vice President, and W. S. Morton, Secre- tary. The Society then proceeded to engage the services of J[ohn W. Draper M. D. as its chemist and mineralogist, an appointment deriving advantage from his knowledge of the geology and mining operations of South America. As a very high assurance of his acquaintance with Analytical Chemistry, the following note is subjoined from the celebrated Dr. Turner, Daniel Lynn Carroll. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 115 Faculty empowered to employ a teacher of modern languages, 'provided the remuneration for his services do not come from the funds of College.' Dr. John W. Draper elected Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy — house allowance $150. Salary adjustrrient: President $1500; Professors $1000 each; if these amounts not made up from tuition fees, Treasurer to pay the deficiency. Six hundred dollars appropriated for repairs and additions to the Philosophical apparatus. Dr. Draper to be paid $500 for his past services. Tuition fees : Winter term, $30 Summer term $20. Committee to raise funds, to furnish each member of the Board with a book for subscriptions whenever he can attend to the subject. Professor of Chemistry in the University of London, and author of the work which is so' extensively used as a text book on Chemistry, in most of the universities and colleges of the United States. "I hereby attest that Mr. Draper assiduously attended a complete course of my lectures on Chemistry in this University during the years 1830-31, and' at the close of the session gave decided proof of the suc- cess of his exertions, by obtaining a high certificate of honors, after a full examination in writing. I know that he had likewise pursued the practical parts of Chemistry, by private study, and that he is well quali- fied for any situation connected with the practical applications of Chem- istry. B. Turner, F. R. S. Lon. & Edin. Professor of Chemistry. [University of London] The Society's Chemist was then directed to proceed at once with the organization of the School; and at an early opportunity, to announce to the public, the particulars. In reference to the forgegoing, we the undersigned, fully and heartily agreeing in the object and determination of this society, recommend it to the cordial encouragement of our fellow citizens. D. L. Carroll, Wm. I. B. Bedford, Saml. Branch, Geo. H. Matthews, Saml. B. Simpson Geo. A. Baxter, Wm. A. Hughes, Noble Snell, Stephen Taylor, Thos. S. Flournoy, Saml. C. Anderson, W. Berkeley, Chs. Smith, James Madison, Henry N. Watkins. F. N. Watkins, [Half of these were Trustees of the College.— Dr. Draper's "Intro- ductory Lecture to a Course of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, De- livered in Hampden Sidney College, Richmond. T. W. White," was reviewed in the August, 1836, pumber of the Southern Literary Mes- senger, Vol. II. p. 596.] ii6 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1836. Oct. 28. Mr, Berkeley. Order rescinded, authorising students to board at other places than with the Steward: 'provided, that parents and guardians are permitted to board in their own houses their sons or wards.' The Steward to be rent free. 1837. Sept. 26-28. Mr. Berkeley. Settlement ordered for the hire of Lewis, the property of Mr. Gushing, for part of the year 1836 at the rate of $10 per month. The Board of Trustees greatly regretting the resignation of Mr. Pike Powers of the Professorship of Mathematics, as an act of justice to him unanimously declared that he has discharged the duties of his office with an ability and fidelity highly satisfac- tory to them.^ The receiver of College to pay over to the Professor of Chem- istry the fees required to be paid over by the class for keeping up the apparatus, disbursements to be accounted for by the Pro- fessor. Mr. William Maxwell was duly qualified as a Trustee. President Carroll and Messrs. H. E. Wafkins and Sam'l C. Anderson a Committee 'to appeal to the General Assembly of our, State for such a grant of money to the College, either by way of annual instalments or otherwise, as may enable the insti- tution to continue and increase the services which it has been so long rendering the Comlmonwealth in promoting the cause of virtue, science, and letters in our land.' Francis H. Smith, of the Borough of Norfolk, elected Profes- sor of Mathematics; Francis L. Sampson alternate. [To the General Assembly of Virginia. The Memorial of the Undersigned Committee of the Trustees of Hampden-Sidney College, respectfully represents. That this college, one of the oldest in the Commonwealth, was originally established, by individual contributions, and has been sustained, mainly by the unwearied exertions and liberality of rts patrons and its friends. It has received no aid from the State, except a donation of land, of but inconsiderable value, at an ^Professor Powers held the Chair of Mathematics at the University of Virginia during the year 1839-40, and again in 1842. He was an alumnus of the University. He died in 1897, Rector of St. Andrew's Church, Richmond. Powers was locum tenens at the ^ University, after the death of Bonnycastle and before the arrival of Sylvester. Dr. Dabney, who had been a student under Powers at Hampden Sidney and was a student at the University in 1840, greatly preferred Powers to Sylvester — "Practice, I hope, may give him the facility of imparting his ideas which Mr. Powers possessed in a high degree." Letter of Dec. IS, 1840. Life and Letters of Robert Lewis Dabney, p. 53. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 117 early period of its existence. The difficulties with which it has had to contend, from the want of a suitable endowment, at all times great, are now such, as to excite serious apprehensions, that it cannot be long supported without some public aid. De- pending in a great measure upon tuition fees for its resources, its wants, at a time Uke this must necessarily be urgent. Without a competent endowment, and with a limitted, uncertain, and in- sufficient income, it is now difficult, and may soon be impracti- cable, to secure and retain, suitable instructors and professors, and the College, if sustained at all, must be upon a scale, of greatly diminished usefulness. In this season of peculiar exi- gency, the Trustees of this Institution are constrained by their duty to the public, to appeal for aid, to the General Assembly, who are justly regarded, as the guardians of those great interests which are obviously involved, in the proper training and educa- tion of the youth of Virginia. Your Memorialists beg leave to state, that extensive buildings, of durable construction, for the accommodation of its students- and the officers of the College, have been erected; and an un- usually large, and excellent Chemical and Philosophical apparatus; has been procured, all at a very considerable expense. The needs of erecting these buildings, and procuring these facilities of in- struction, have all been afforded by private contributions, with the exception of the small donation from the State, already re- ferred to. These provisions for the purposes of education, thus made, require the aid of but a moderate appropriation, to render them efficient, permanent, and greatly useful to the public. With- out such aid, your memorialists fear, that this institution alike venerable for its usefulness and its age, after languishing a little longer, must sink into utter ruin, unless preserved by the private liberality, which has been so long burthened with its support. They therefore respectfully and earnestly pray, that your Hon- orable Body, would grant such aid to this College, as in your estimation, the publick interest may require. — We indulge the hope, that the services which it has long rendered, under the most trying difficulties, to the cause of education, will be regarded as giving it a just claim to your consideration, and that the appeal we now make, in its behalf, to your liberality will not be in vain. D. L. Carroll Sam'l C. Anderson Henry E. Watkins Committee of the Trustees of Hampden Sydney College. Feb. 3rd 1838.1 ii8 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Salary adjustment [in lieu of $800, nett College income, plus tuition fees] : — The Faculty to receive a sum not less than $4000, to be divided by rule heretofore enacted; distribution predicated upon a President and three Professors. But salary of Professor of Chemistry &c to be not less than $1000. 1837. Nov. 1. Mr. Berkeley. Mr. Smith, the Professor-elect,^ to be put in possession of the four rooms formerly occupied by Professor Draper in the Steward's house. 1837. Dec. 1. Col. Madison. A Resolution was offered to the Board to establish a medical department in the City of Richmond: after much discussion on the subject the following regulations for the management of said department were adopted: Regulations for the Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College. Resolved, that the Medical Faculty be authorised to supply any vacancy which may occur in said Faculty until said vacancy shall be filled by the President and Trustees of Hampden Sidney College. 1838. Apr. 17. Henry E. Watkins. On application of two students, Thomas T. Tredway and Wil- liam M. Marshall, these excused from a final examination on the Differential and Integral Calculus — 'while the Board regard this study as important and by no means to be dispensed with in ordi- nary cases.' 'Mr. Smith was at once chosen Clerk of the Faculty and the following is his first entry in the earliest Faculty Book preserved. Afternoon Chapel was not discontinued until some time after the war : HiAMPDEN Sidney College, Nov. i, 1837. The Faculty met this morning. All present. Recitations ordered to commence on Monday next in the following order: Senior Class in Metaphysics daily, from 3 to 4 P. M. Chemical Class Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 9 to 10 A. M. Junior Mathl. Class Tuesdays and Thursday, 9 to 10 A. M. Sophomore do. do. daily, 10 to 11 A. M. Freshman do. do. daily, 11 to 12 A. M. Junior Language Class Tuesdays and Thursday, 11 to 12 A. M. Sophomore do. do. daily, from 3 to 4 P. M. Freshman do. do. daily, from 2 to 3 P. M. Morning Chapel 30 minutes after sunrise. Afternoon Chapel 4 P. M. The Faculty Adj'd, By order of the Faculty, F. H. Smith, Secy. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 119 Colo. Madison offered the following Preamble and Resolution which was unanimously adopted: "Whereas this Board under the hope that by keeping up a well qualified Faculty of the Col- lege the time would come that from the increased number of students, the fees from tuition and room rents would be sufficient to support such Faculty, or that in default of this, aid might be obtained from the State, have for several years appropriated portions of the permanent fund in addition to the whole of the annual income of the institution, by which system the permanent fund has been greatly reduced, and it being obvious that we are likely to be continually disappointed in our hopes of aid, and see- ing that the system heretofore pursued must if continued for a very few years wholly exhaust the permanent fund and leave the institution unable even to keep the buildings in repair; Therefore, Resolved, as the opinion of this Board, that from and after the expiration of the next session, the Board ought not to appropriate in any way for any purpose any money over and above the actual income of this institution. A contingent fund to be raised by subscription. The Faculty to be assured of the desire of the Board to sus- tain them in their respective offices and its purpose promptly to make an effort to procure the funds necessary for the support of the institution. 1838. Sept. 25-26. Mr. Berkeley. Henry E. Watkins and Nathaniel E. Venable a committee to sell the Old Library Building. The President, at each annual meeting of the Board, to make a written communication to the Board giving an account of the state of the College, the transactions of the current year, and making such suggestions as he nUay deem expedient. The Rev. Dr. Carroll tendered his resignation as President to take place at the end of the present session. The Steward readily agreeing, students permitted to board in such houses or families as the Faculty may approve, provided the price of board shall not exceed ten dollars per month. William Maxwell, Esqr., was elected President. Committee to consult with the County School Commissioners of Prince Edward County with regard to the disposition of the surplus funds in their hands. On motion of Mr. Maxwell, the following Resolutions adopted : That the salary of the President be $1400, of each Professor $1000 — if interest from permanent fund, with the tuition fees, should not reach $4400. the Board to pledge themselves to en- deavor to make up tHe deficiency — if said income should be more than $4400, all surplus to be divided as above ; That the perma- nent fund should be $40,000 and kept inviolate — $5000 should 120 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. be raised at once for imiprovements to buildings and grounds, the President assisted by a Committee to make appeals for subscrip- tions ; That the Library should be increased, especially by works of reference. 'Mr. Maxwell here stated that he had been duly informed by the Committee that the Board had elected him President of the College, and the Chairman of the Committee being absent, he would say to the Board that after proper reflection he had con- cluded to accept the office and would enter upon the duties of it without delay.' Resolutions, on motion of Henry E. Watkins, 'That the thanks of the Board be and they are hereby rendered to the Revd. Doer. Carroll for his past services to the institution, with the assurances of their cordial regard for him and their best wishes for his wel- fare and usefulness.'^ 1839. June 26. Colo. Madison. Communication received from Professor Draper informing the Board that he resigns his office of Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at and from the end of the present session,- 'Dr. Carroll's parents emigrated from Ireland, settling in Pennsylvania. His father was brought up in the Roman Catholic Church; his mother was a Scotch Presbyterian. After graduating at Jefferson College and Princeton Seminary, he was pastor of a church in Litchfield, Connecticut (the installation sermon being preached by Mr. Stanton, who was doubt- less instrumental in bringing him to Hampden Sidney), and of the First Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn. He came from Brooklyn to Hampden Sidney. Dr. Carroll was 'gifted with a very considerable share of keen Irish wit. He was very apt to be the life of any company into which he was thrown'. General Smith, a member of the Faculty during Dr. Carroll's adminis- tration, in his reminiscences of Hampden Sidney {Magazine, XI, 99) says : "An unfortunate controversy between the Old and New Schools of the Presbyterian Church was then at its height and tended very much to diminish the patronage of the college. Dr. Carroll, the President, was a cultivated Christian gentleman, but a great controvertialist. Being of another church I. tried, in a kind way, to check his partizanship, telling him that his articles would alienate our Old School patrons, and finally suggested to him that he was trying to run Hampden Sidney upon the Charter of old William and Mary College. 'How is that?' he said. I replied that the charter of William and Mary required its President to carry on a controversy with some heretic once in three years. He laughed heartily at the point but did not mend his course." 'Dr. Draper left Hampden Sidney in September or October, 1839, be- coming Professor in the University of New York. He was very active in the organizatio.n of the medical department of the University of New York. His researches on the chemical phenomena of light in both the organic and inorganic world include the most valuable work done by him. Daguerre's announcement of his discovery of the action of sunlight on silver, and its application to the permanent preservation of views, in THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 121 whereupon Daniel Gardner was appointed to discharge the duties of that office for one year from Sept. 26, and such further time as may be hereafter agreed upon by the parties for the sal- ary and perquisites. The Board was informed that Professor Smith, now absent, intends to resign his office of Professor of Mathematics at and from the end of the present session, whereupon Benjamin S> Ewell was appointed prospectively. Resolved, upon a communication from the Faculty laid before the Board by the President, that all pious youths in indigent circumstances wishing to pursue studies looking to the ministry of any evangelical church be admitted free of tuition if properly recommended. The President, by and with the advice of J. D. Wood and N. E. Venable, to contract for enclosing the College and the Presi- dent's lot with wall and railing in sonue decent and tasteful manner. Hereafter no student shall be allowed to present himself for graduation in the medical department of H. S. College, unless he has previously attended the full course of lectures in the in- stitution, or one course in some respectable medical School and the second in H. S. College, and has attended the dissecting room of the College for one session. 1839. Sept. 26. Mr. Berkeley. The President as agent to report subscriptions obtained to- this date. Thanks of this Board tendered to Professor Smith^ and Pro- fessor Draper for the faithful discharge of their duties while in office. Moses D. Hoge appointed Tutor for one year at $400. 1839, was taken up by Draper. He made it the subject of special study, and was the first person in the world to apply it to individuals. "The first photographic portrait from life was made by me," he says. [See article, John W. Draper, Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography and Memoir, by George F. Barker, National Academy, 1886.] The tradition is that Dr. Draper made his first experiments in pho- tographic portraits from life in the physical laboratory ["philosophical hall"] at Hampden Sidney, and from the dates assigned, the fact seems probable. His son, Dr. Henry Draper, specialist in celestial photography, was born at Hampden Sidney in 1837. ^Professor Smith, a graduate of West Point, wished to put Hampden Sidney 'under complete martial law and make it a sort of West Point' [Life of Robert Lewis Dabney, p. 47]. Going to Lexington he became the chief promoter of the Virginia Military Institute, of which he was Superintendent for fifty years. 122 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Recommendations of the President in his first annual report: A Master for the Preparatory department of the Freshman class, under the direction of the Professor of Ancient Languages and the President — to have his board in the Mess Hall where he shall preside at the table and keep order and decorum — to have apartments in the College which he shall occupy day and night to preserve order and decorum throughout all the College — to be ex officio Curator of the College buildings — salary $400, from the contingent fund; Of the utmost imiportance to raise the permanent fund to $60,000 within five years 'in order to enable the Trustees to enlarge the institution by the addition of a Professor of Modern Languages and a Master or Tutor for the Sophomore Class, and eventually to establish the College upon a sure and permanent basis for the benefit of the present age and of all posterity;' The President to be authorised to em- ploy an agent or agents to assist him in raising subscriptions and donations. Certificate (with seal of the College annexed) to Wm. H. Goode, of his having passed through the Science course. The sum of $500 subscribed by Col. C. Carrington appropri- ated to enclosing the College, commencing with a blank brick wall 60 feet out according to the plan submitted. Building Com- mittee to contract for the erection of the brick wall to extend from the S. E. and S. western Corners of the College in a line with the front, each 60 feet long and 6 feet 4 inches high accord- ing to the plan submitted ; also authorised to contract for cutting a door in place of the middle window in the S. end of the Chappel and furnish the said door with a flight of white stone steps, miade with checks after the Greek fashion ; further authorised to contract for a brick and wood wall and fence in front of the President's House according to the plan submitted, provided the surn of $500 can be raised by subscription. And the said Com- mittee shall also have the palling of the President's lot well and thoroughly repaired.'^ 1840. Sept. 9. Mr. Berkeley. Professors Ewell and Gardner, and Tutor Hoge re-appointed for one year. 'Murphy, a member of the Junior Class, was appointed assist- ant teacher of the Preparatory Department, and to aid the Faculty in preserving the order of the College and occasionally in instructing the classes as they may order and direct, and '"Mr. M'axwell talks much of putting the place in thorough repair, and making it attractive by having fine fruits, trees, pleasure walks, and so forth * * * I should have no doubt of Mr. Maxwell's suc- cess if it was not for this lamentable party strife." — Letter of Mrs. John Holt Rice. Life of Robert Lewis Dabney, p. 47-48. William Maxwell. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 123 for this service he is to be allowed his tuition fees and one half the price of his board in the Mess Hall, the Steward agreeing to waive the other half.' Samuel W. Watkins permitted to teach the Modern Languages under direction of the Faculty, and for such fees only as the Faculty may deem fair and adequate.^ 'On motion, ordered that an application be made in the name of the Board to all the Churches within the bounds of East and West Hanover Presbytery, for such regular annual subscriptions to the funds as they may severally agree to afford for the term of five years.' 1841. July 20. Mr. Berkeley. Committee to confer with the President and Professors re- garding salaries : the President and Professors Branch and Ewell agree to accept the income of the permanent fund plus tuition fees, less $500 to Dr. Gardner for services as Professor of Chem- ^See, Advertisement, Watchman of the South, Oct. 1840. — The Winter Session of this institution will commence on the ist day of November next, and terminate on the 4th Wednesday of April tollowing. The Faculty of College, and other teachers, with their several depart- ments of instruction, are as follows : William Maxwell, President, Professor of Moral Philosophy &c &c. Robert G. Branch, Professor of Ancient Languages. Benjamin S. Ewell, Professor of Mathematics. Daniel P.. Gardner, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry. Moses D. Hoge, Tutor, Teacher of the Preparatory Department. Samuel W. Watkins, Teacher of Modern Languages. The Classical Course of instruction occupies four years, in each of which there are two sessions. The studies of the Freshman and Sophomore years are the Latin and Greek languages, with the Classical Literature connected with them; Arithmetic, Algebra, and Geometry in all its branches. Those of the Junior year are the higher Classics and Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, (including notices of various sub jects connected with it). Astronomy, Geology, and Botany. And those of the Senior year are Mental Philosophy, Moral Philoso- phy (including the Evidences of Christianity), Civil Polity, Political Economy, the Law of Nations, Logic, Rhetoric, and Belle-Lettres. Besides this Classical course, there is also an English course, occupy- ing three years, and embracing all the same studies with the excep- tion of the Ancient Languages. * * * Moses D. Hoge, Clerk of the Faculty. ["Hampden Sidney adhered closely in those days, as now, to the curri- culum of studies, and although many changes have taken place by the introduction of the elective system into most of the colleges, she has lost nothing by insisting on a thorough ground-work in the Classics and Mathematics." Gen. Francis H. Smith, Reminiscences, Magazine XI, (1893) p. 100.] 124 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. istry during the winter session [Sept. 21, 1841, Dr. Gardner pro- posed that his whole course should extend through the winters. ,6i two years]. 1841. Nov. 5. Mr. Berkeley. Mr. Lewis, the Steward, agrees to board the Assistant Tutor (Mr. Hughes) free of Charge, on the condition that the Trustees pay the sum of $40 towards erecting a negro house on the Stew- ard's premises. The Union Society having proposed to make application to the Legislature for a Charter, the Trustees consider the books &c of the Society as sufficiently and perfectly safe under the cover of the College Charter and they will always take pleasure in pro- tecting all the interests of so valuable and meritorious a Society. Cheap fenders to be procured for the use of the College and' the roof to be covered with the best fire-proof paint. Preamble and Resolutions unanimously adopted: 'Whereas the College stands in great need of the renewed and cordial support of all its friends who can be excited and en- gaged to furnish it with students and also with such pecuniary aid as shall enable the Board to maintain it on its actual footing for the present and to establish it on a solid basis for the future;: and whereas 'the Board recall and recognise with great pleasure the interesting fact that this institution was originally founded within the bounds of the Presbytery of Hanover, since divided into East and West Hanover Presbyteries, under the auspices, of the said Presbytery by a Licentiate laboring under its care„ and was at first and has ever since been mainly supported by the clergy and laity of the Presbyterian Church within those bounds, aided from time to time by the liberal services and con- tributions of others in various parts of the State * * * Ke_ solved, that the Presbyteries of East and West Hanover be and they are hereby solemnly requested to recognise the College as- being under the more iminediate patronage of their bodies in such manner as they shall think most proper. Resolved, that the said Presbyteries be and they are hereby- requested to adopt such measures as they may deem most suitable and convenient to furnish the College with an increased number- of students and to supply the Board with funds for its immediate- support and for the enlargement of the permanent fund to a; proper amount.' 1842. Apr. 27. Mr. Berkeley. The Tutor to receive the deposit money and from it pay out such charges as are properly bound upon it ; the Tutor to super- intend the College servant and see that his time is fully occu- pied. The College servant to receive no fees of students fctr THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 125 services rendered in the day time, to fetch water once a day &c, to put in glass in the windows of the College at least once a month (if such repairs are needed) and to occupy himself in such time as he has to spare in rendering other services to the students such as the Tutor may consider proper. Professor Ewell proposing to raise by subscription a sum of money not exceeding $600 for mathematical and astronomical in- struments, the Board 'recommend Mr. Ewell to the public confi- dence and support.' The Rev. Mr. Sparrow, N. E. Venable, and H. E. Watikins a committee to revise the laws and course of studies, and recom- mend retrenchments. 1842. June 24. Mr. Berkeley. Resolved, that the present and every future meeting of the Board to be opened with prayer. The Christmas recess to be reduced to two days. Salaries : President $1400, Professors $1000 ; College not to be bound beyond income (including subscriptions). Tiiition fees reduced: Winter session $18; summer, $12. Fees remitted to sons of ministers. President Maxwell, P. J. Sparrow, and James D. Wood a committee to revise the laws and prepare a Catalogue of the Alumni.^ ^Dr. Dame's alumni catalogue, compiled about 1835, was lost. The circumstances have been mentioned. Writing in the Magazine (IV. 37) Joseph McMurran, of the Class of 1852, said, — "Some years ago the writer of this article was engaged for six months in hunting up the records of the College, for the pur- pose of making out an accurate and full list of the alumni, but he was only partially successful, and the result of his labors was the alumni record published in the annual catalogue of 1857, and was the first effort of this kind that was ever published. In the annual catalogue of 1867 another alumni record was published, the result of the labors of Pro- fessor Charles Miartin, but with the exception of a few more asteriks, and more names of later graduates, there was but little information that the first catalogue did not contain. Since then Mr. [Charles Van] Woodson, by request of the Trustees and Faculty, made an effort to get up a correct and full list of the alumni and the earliest students of the College, but how he succeeded the writer has never learned." This was written in 1885. Joseph McMurran was a lifelong friend of the College and its benefactor. The materials collected by Mr. Woodson came into the hands of Presi- dent Mcllwaine and Dr. Hooper. Dr. Mcllwaine especially prosecuted the work with great diligence and system. Dr. Hooper's services being con- siderable also. Finally in 1908 an Alumni Catalogue [1776-1906], as full as it was possible to make it, was issued under the editorship of Professor J. H. C. Bagby, who spent four years on the work. Presi- dent McAllister was much interested in this enterprise and gave his assistance. 126 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Chair of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry to be discontinued ; Professor of Mathematics to fill that Chair, to be assisted by a Tutor for the Freshman and Sophomore classes. 'The Board of Trustees of Hampden S. College having found it necessary to discontinue the Chair of Nat. Philosophy and Chemistry — resolved, that the thanks of the Board be tendered to Doct. Daniel P. Gardner for his services in that chair, the duties of which he has discharged with distinguished ability.'^ 1842. Sept. 27. Mr. Berkeley. Nathaniel E. Venable, Revd. P. J. Sparrow, and Revd. Theo- drick Pryor a committee to inquire into the causes of the de- cline of Hampden S. College. Mr. Maxwell reported that the overture to the Presbyteries of East and West Hanover had been received by them with great favour. Resolutions adopted by the Presbyteries considered by the Board as evidence of perpetual union between the College and those bodies. The President and committee to attend meetings of the Pres- byteries 'for maintaining a friendly correspondence between the Board and those bodies and more particularly for securing the objects of said Resolutions.' The Board will receive a joint visiting committee from the Presbyteries. 1843. June 8. Dr. W. S. Morton. Committee to endeavor to settle the difficulties in the Medical Faculty [petition, April ig, asking for the removal of a Pro- fessor] ; settlement impossible — the Professor should resign. The Professor, present, resigns. Benjamin S. Ewell, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, authorized to make application to the President of the United States, the Secretary of War, or any other officer having authority, for the loan to the College of a number of ^Daniel Pereira Gardner, born at Rio de Janeiro, a graduate in medi- cine of the University of Pennsylvania 1838, was the son of Dr. Gard- ner (attending physician to Dom Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil) an Eng- lishman whose wife was a daughter of Senhor de Paiva-Pereira of Portugal. Dr. John W. Draper married a sister of Professor Gardner. Leaving Virginia in 1842, Dr. Gardner lectured for a time at New York University. He then settled in Memphis, Tennessee; returned to New York and practiced medicine at Yonkers and at Dobb's Ferry. He died at Dr. Draper's house at Hastings on Hudson in 1853. Dr. Gardner was a member of several agricultural societies. He pub- lished in 1846 (re-issued in 1858) a Farmers' Dictionary, (Harpers) and in 1847 a Medical Dictionary (Harpers), republished in 1855 and in 1864. Published at London and at Philadelphia 1848 a Medical Chemistry (listed in Allibone). THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 127 mathematical instruments at the City of Washington and. in no present use. Resolutions on the death of William Berkeley — 'an old, true, and faithful friend of Hampden Sidney College, whose interests he has always labored to promote with eminent zeal.' 1843. Sept. 21. Henry E. Watkins. On motion of Mr. Maxwell, Geography added to the present studies of the Freshman Qass, and Natural History to those of the Sophomore Class; said classes to recite three times a day instead of twice. James M. Rice (Languages) and Charles S. Venable (Mathe- matics) appointed assistant teachers — ^board and $50 as com- pensation to each — ^to reside in College. Prof. Benjamin S. Ewell appointed Curator. Junior class to be assessed $7 instead of $5 for the purchase of Chemicals. 1844. Apr. 17. Col. J. P. Marshall. N. E. Venable, Henry E. Watkins, and James D. Wood a Committee 'to consider whether any and what measures should be adopted to support the College the ensuing year.' 1844. Aug. 20-21. Dr. Wm. S. Morton. The President, on the part and in the presence of the Faculty, submitted to the Board statements, accompanied by sundry papers, in relation to the existing state of insubordination among the students of the institution. A committee of three appointed to confer with the refractory students, with the view of ascer- aining whether the said students are now actuated by a rebellious or contrite disposition. Report: The object which the students had in view in this protest, which they acknowledge was injudiciously and hastily drawn up, was so to express their sympathy with the sus- pended students as to secure a meeting of the Board of Trustees. They became convinced of the impropriety of the step and there- fore sent the second communication to the Faculty, meaning thereby to withdraw the protest unconditionally, and they at that time wished, as they now do, to return to their duties as members of College, as if these disagreeable circumstances had not occurred. Regarding a memorial presented by the students : 'The mat- ters set forth in said memorial do not justify any action on the pait of the Board nor tend to impair its confidence in the President.' 128 CALENDAR. OF BOARD MINUTES. 1844. Sept. 30. Dr. Wm. S. Morton. Committee to ascertain the balance due the Professors, that the same may be promptly p,aid to them. A letter was received from Mr. Maxwell, tendering his resig- nation of the office of President, which was accepted. It was re- solved, that in accepting the resignation of President Maxwell, the Board of Trustees express their individual confidence in him.^ The Revd. W. S. Plumer was elected President of Hampden Sydney College [Declined Nov. 8. 1844]. 1845. May 1. The Revd. Dr. Reid. Professor Robert G. Branch by letter resigned the professor- ship of Ancient Languages. Resolved unanimiously. 'that the thanks of this Board are due and hereby tendered to Prof. Branch for the faithful manner in which he has discharged the duties of his Professorship, and he is recommended to the liberal patronage of the public in his new vocation as instructor of young ladies.' The Revd. Patrick J. Sparrow was elected President of Hamp- den Sydney College. Mr. N. E. Venable reported that John Lee, LL. D., of Hart- well (Eng.) had presented to the College through the Revd. Mr. Leavitt of Boston^ a medallion bust of John Hampden also a marble copy of a monument erected in Chalgrove field in June 1843. Mr- V. also reported the correspondence which had taiken place between President Sparrow and Dr. Lee in reference to the same. The thanks of the Board tendered to Dr. Lee for his valuable and interesting present, as also to the Revd. Mr. Leavitt. '"William Maxwell was one of the most eminent men in the State. He had gained a high reputation at the bar. He graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1802, where he was a favorite pupil of Dwight, studied law, and in 1809 made an argument in the case of Wilson and Cunningham vs. the Marine Insurance Company of Norfolk which placed him in the front rank of his profession. From 1809 to 1826, when he withdrew for a short time from the bar, not a year passed in which he did not make a speech that was the talk of the time. From the bar, he passed to the House of Delegates and to the Senate of Virginia. He was the only eminent man that I ever knew, who would ever venture, or who ever ventured, to appear before such a body as the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Yale on one of its formal anniversaries, without a single line of written preparation. Yet Maxwell made the attempt and succeeded. When the Committee of the Society reported its thanks to the speaker and requested a copy of the speech for publication, they could hardly helieve their ears when told that the speech was entirely extemporaneous." Hugh Blair Grigsby: Centennial Address (MS). ^This was doubtless Dr. Joshua Leavitt, editor of the "Emancipator'' and the "Chronicle" (the latter the earliest daily anti-slavery paper) ; tariff reformer, and advocate of cheap postage. William S. Plumee. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 129 Messrs. Venable and Francis N. Watkins a committee, with the Faculty to receive and dispose of these memorials, and to make arrangements for a proper public celebration. 1845. Sept. 16-18. Henry E. Watkins. Committee reported that the Hampden Memorials were in the possession of the Faculty of the College, and that the Committee had corresponded with the Hon. Wm. C. Rives who had con- sented to make a public address before the Corporation of this College. The President reported that he had received from the Revd. Mr. Leavitt of Boston, the friend of Dr. Jno. Lee of England, a communication expressing the deep interest felt by Dr. Lee in the interests of the College, and his intention to present certain books to the College.^ Should a convention in behalf of the College be held in Rich- mond, some member of the Faculty, with Messrs. Plumer and Leyburn, to represent the College. Debts to the Faculty previous to Oct. i, 1844, to be settled by arbitration. Williani T. Richardson appointed assistant teacher of Lan- guages and Mathematics. The Treasurer to represent the Corporation stock, in all meet- ings of stockholders of companies or corporations in which this College is interested, personally or by proxy. The degree of LL. D. was conferred on John Lee (D. C. L.) of Hartwell, England. The committee on conferring with the Faculty reported verbally: that the Faculty had agreed to undertake the instruc- tion of the College next year — that their salaries were to be in the proportion of $1400 to Mr. Sparrow, $1200 to Mr. Ewell, and $800 to Mr. Richardson, payable only out of the incomes of the College — that the said agreement is to be reduced to writing and signed. 1845. Nov. 12. 'Memo. On this day the Hon Wm. C. Rives delivered an able i ^In 1851 Dr. Lee presented to the "Library of the Hampden and Sid- ney University in the United States of America" a copy of 'Aedes Hart- vielUanae, Notices of the Manor and Mansion of Hartwell, by Captain W. H. Smyth, R. N. London: Printed for Private Circulation by John Bowyer Nichols and Son, Parliament Street, 1851.' The Manor of Hartwell was in possession of a branch of the Hamp- dens for upwards of 180 years before 1617, passing to the. Lees on the death of Sir Alexander Hampden, a kinsman of John Hampden. Dr. John Lee, F. R. S. etc, succeeded to the estate in 1827. I30 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Discourse on the Character and Services of John Hampden be- fore the Corporation and a large audience. F. N. W.'^ [The medalHon portrait is placed over the main entrance to the Chapel. The monument stands in the Library. Facing the monument, (a truncated pyramid of square base), the order of the inscription is as follows : — [ I ] HERE In this Field of Chalgrove John Hampden. After an able and strenuous But unsuccessful resistance In Parliamient. And before the Judges of the Land To the measures of an Arbitrary Court First took arms. Assembling the levies of the associated Counties of Buckingham and Oxford In 1642., And here Within a few paces of this spot He received the wound of which he died. While fighting in defence Of the free monarchy And ancient liberties of England June 18 1643. In the two hundredth year From that day This stone was raised In reverence to his memory. [3] RAISED By subscription June 18 1843. Bedford. Nugent. Breadalbane. Broughami Fortescue. Denham. C. J. Hampden Buckinghamshire. Sudeley. Lovelace. Leigh. Francis Burdett. Colborne. '"Discourse on the Character and Services of John Hampden and the Great Striiggle for Popular Constitutional Liberty in his Time. By W. C. Rives, Esq. Delivered before the Trustees, Faculty and Students of Hampden Sydney College, the 12th November, 1845." Richmond: Printed by Shepherd and Colin. 1845. pp. 68. [Mr. Rives was a student at Hampden Sidney, 1807-1809. In 1849 he was a second time Minister to France.] THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 131 Henry Austen. J. Twisselton Fiennes. Robert Otway Cave. Charles T D'Eyncourt. George Dashwood. John Easthope. John Lee. George Stephen. John Comley Olive. John Bell. James Trevor Senior. John Temple Leader. Charles Kemys Tynte. Charles Spencer Ricketts. Thomas Bishop Greenwood. Silvanus Seymour. Francis Hayward. John Lloyd. William Lines. James Jackson. John Hampden. Revd. Charles J. Ridley. Revd. Renn D. Hampden. D. D. Revd. Frederick Twistleton, D. C. L. [2-left.] Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum Sas relief: Bampden John Hampden ■ [4-right] Bos relief: Bampden arms. 1846. Mar. 17. Henry E. Watkins. Mrs. Martha King elected Steward (succeeding W. M. Lewis) : rent — ^board of one officer and the College servant, and the board of the Trustees and their horses at their meetings. Students, under the direction of the Faculty permitted to board out of the commons hall (except at taverns), price of board in commons $8. Faculty and Clerk (F. N'. Watkins) to report a plan for a primary department. Committee to devise means for increasing the funds; Wm. T. Richardson to be agent, if the instruction of College can be otherwise provided for. 1846. Aug. 21. Dr. W. B. Smith. The Clerk reported a letter from' Prof. B. S. Ewell, resigning the office he held in this College.^ Thanks tendered to Prof. ^The Cincinnati Foundation had at last become available, and Pro- fessor Ewell was invited to Washington College (Va) to be the first occupant of the Chair of Mathematics thus endowed. Twice afterwards he was asked to return to Hampden Sidney, good evidence of his very- valuable services while there. Colonel Ewell was a graduate of West Point, an officer in the Confederate army, and for many years Presi- dent of the College of William and Mary. It was hfe who, when there were no students at William and Mary, had the college bell rung regu- larly notwithstanding. 132 CALENDAR! OF BOARD MINUTES. Ewell for the very valuable services he has rendered the Col- lege as instructor and officer. Elections: Charles S. Venable, Professor of Mathematics Rlev. E. Ballentine " " Languages (declined Sept. 22. 1846) Francis J. Mettauer, M. D., " " Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. Salaries: Whole of tuition fees and interest of permanent fund (provided total does not exceed $4200) to be apportioned, 12/42 to the President, 10/42 to each Professor. AH of the Professors to reside in or near the College, and 120 days' notice of resignation required. Committee to confer with the Faculty elect and report any alteration they deem proper in the course of studies of the Col- lege similar to the course and plan at the University. Tuition fee to be $40, no student to receive remission unless by order of the Faculty. Ordered, that the Faculty be instructed not to suspend here- after the College exercises on the court days of Prince Edward County. 1846. Sept. 22. D. Comfort. President Sparrow was by unanimous vote appointed agent for the College, and by like vote he was requested to act during the ensuing vacation and collect funds for the College.^ Committee on repairs to make repairs only absolutely neces- sary. Committee to provide for instruction in the Ancient Languages, and if advised, to organise a Primary Department. 1847. Mar. 3. Dr. W. B. Smith. Charles Martin of Ohio unanimously elected Professor of Ancient Languages from and after ist June next. The Committee on instruction reported that they had em- ployed Dr. Graham and Mr. F. S. Sampson [of the Theological Seminary] as Instructors till June. ^A petition was sent to the Legislature, dated Jan. 7, 1847, reciting that the College has been sustained almost entirely by private contribu- tion and that it possesses good buildings, but that the funds have fallen so low as to put it out of the power of the trustees to pay competent professors. It would be improper for the college to make further appeals to individuals while the State has such a large fund to be used for edu- cational purposes. The trustees ask for an annuity of $2500 and agree in return to give free tuition to one student from each senatorial dis- trict. James P. Marshall. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 133 1847. June 10. Dr. W. B. Smith. Minute adopted after being discussed: — ^viz., An Act to endow Hampden Sidney College^ — ^Twelve hun- dred scholarships, at one hundred dollars each, to be created and established in Hampden Sidney College; subscriptions pay- able on or before August ist 1848, provided not less than six hundred nor more than twelve hundred scholarships shall be sold; holder's son or sons to have free tuition during natural life of the purchaser, until youngest son shall have attained the age of twenty one; if holder have no son, right of desig- nation or assignment allowed for twenty years; students on scholarships to be exempt from tuition only; funds thus raised to be securely invested (State or U. S. stocks) and income ap- plied to salaries. [July 8, — Aniendments; and a tenth article added, stipulating that $500 subscribed and paid, is to entitle the scrip-holder to nominate a scholar perpetually] 1847. Sept. 21. Dr. Graham. Alexander Scott appointed Librarian. The Librarian to make an annual report to the Trustees on the condition of the Library. Ordered, that the next College session commence with the 15th of October 1847; that there shall only be nine weeks vaca- tion in twelve months, viz. one from the 15th Deer, terminat- ing 9th January following: the other for six weeks succeeding the Wednesday before the 4th of July (Commencement Day) 'Conditions at this time were discouraging enough. Alexander Scott, who began his duties as Tutor Jan. i, 1847, stated in a letter published in the Magazine (1906, p. 263) that a few months after his appointment he learned that a Mr. Martin from Ohio had sent in an application for the Chair of Ancient Languages. Finding that this was Charles Martin, his old teacher in Knox County, Ohio, he personally recommended him to the Board, and Mr. Martin was elected. And that on his way to Virginia, the Professor-elect heard of a system of scholarships which had been adopted at 'Alexander Campbell College,' Bethaney, [W] Va. This system Mr. Martin brought to the attention of the Board of Trustees and the scheme met with favor. Cf. Howison's History of Virginia. Vol. II. p. 472 [Preface dated Nov. II, 1847 — The author had just before been a student at the Theological Seminary] — 'Hampden Sydney College, in Prince Edward County, has not flour- ished as its friends had hoped, for a school so unexceptionable in its origin and object. In the last ten years, the number of students has hardly attained an average of sixty, and now it is much less. Difficulties have been experienced in providing an efficient organization of its faculty. Within a very short time past, a change has occurred, which will render a complete reorganization ultimately necessary. Efforts are now in progress to raise a fund, by which permanent scholarships will be attached to this college. With strenuous exertions it will again prosper; without them, it will, we fear, become extinct.' 134 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Leave, without salary, granted to Prof. Charles S. Venable for one year. On application of Dr. J. P. Mettauer, leave granted Dr. Francis J. Mettauer to fill the Chair of Chemistry in the Medi- cal department of Randolph Macon College near Hampden Sidney,' provided no studies shall be taught by Prof. Mettauer in said medical department which are taught in Hampden Sidney. Resolutions on the death of Samuel Branch and Nathaniel E. Vienable, members of the Board. The President resigned his offiJce — correspondence a part of the records. Committee on Instruction to request Dr. Wilson to act as temporary President. 1847. Oct. 27. Dr. Wilson, Pres. pro tern. Faculty requested to report any changes deemed expedient by them in the requisites for graduation — and more particularly on the expediency of requiring graduation in each departnicnt or professor's school as at the University of Va. 1847. Dec. 15. F. S. Sampson, Pres. pro tem. Three per cent to be the certain compensation of agents for scholarships, and five per cent if 6oo scholarships are sold. Messrs. Graham, Leyburn, and Venable a Committee of this Corporation to appear before the Legislature, or either of its committees, to present the petition and claims of this College for state aid; and to make any contract with the Legislature for education of a reasonable number of students gratuitously, pro- vided a grant of money is m;ade to this College: and that the 'Dr. John Peter Mettauer, (a son of a French surgeon of the Revo- lutionary army who had settled in Prince Edward County after the war) was a surgeon of the first order. He spent his life in Prince Edward County. He organized his medical pupils in 1837 into an institute, which about 1847 became the Medical Department of Randolph Macon Col- lege, at that time in the County of Mecklenburg. This Department seems to have had no existence after the removal of Randolph Macon to Hanover County. See, Transactions of the American Surgical Asso- ciation. 190S — President's Address [Dr. George Ben Johnston]. It is of interest to remember that from 1847 to 1853, the Medical De- partment of Hampden Sidney College was at Richmond, and a mile away from Hampden Sidney College, at Prince Edward Court House, was the Medical Department of Randolph Macon College, itself sixty miles distant at Boydton. The fancy may be indulged: Suppose Chancellor Taylor's celebrated law school at 'Needham' in Cumberland County had been consolidated with Dr. Mettauer's Medical School — ^these forming departments of Hampden Sidney College, embracing also the Theological Seminary. Dr. John Lee's gift to the 'University of Hampden and Sidney' would then have been appropriately bestowed. David Comfokt. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 135 same Committee associate with them Dr. Maupin, or other friends of the College in Richmond or elsewhere. 1848. Jan. 14. S. C. Anderson. Resolutions on the death of Colo. A. Dupuy. After a full and free conference, and after hearing from the agents of the College, the Board proceeded to elect a President, whereupon Lewis W. Green of Baltimore was unanimously elected the President of Hampden Sidney College. Salary of the President to be two sevenths of the annual in- comes of the College from the nett interest, dividends, and tuition fees, and the remaining five sevenths to be divided among the Professorships, provided that the President's salary shall not exceed $1500 and that of each Professor $1000. 1848. July 31-Aug. 1. Dr. Wm. B. Smith. D. Comfort. Written contract made with Prof. Martin to provide for the instruction and govemm'ent of the College for the next year. Committee on finance restricted in their investments to Vir- ginia and U. S. stocks. Prof. Mettauer must reside at the College, when his health permits. On an examination by a Committee of the Board it was ascer- tained that the 600 scholarships required by the Act of June and July 1847 had been subscribed.. Ordered, that Graham, H. E. Watkins and Berkeley report an Address to the public in rela- tion to the success of the scheme of endowing the College. Committee on Agency to sell as speedily as possible 200 addi- tional rights of scholarship. A vote of thanks unanimously tendered to Agents and all friends who had generously aided in the successful execution of the Scholarship Scheme.^ A communication from the Presi- dent of Randolph Macon College regarding the action of the Board Sept. 21, 1847, i" allow'ing Prof. Mettauer to hold a con- nection with the medical department of their [R. M.] institution located in this vicinity: resolved, that this arrangement was only intended to be permitted for one year. 'About 1850 the Board of Education of the Presbyterian Church made great efforts to establish Schools and Colleges in different parts of the country under the auspices and control of the Presbyteries and Synods of the Church. La Fayette and Washington Colleges, in Pennsylvania, "were induced to place themselves under the control of the Synods within "whose bounds they were situated, and application was made to the X.egislature of Pennsylvania to alter their acts of incorporation to enable the Synods to receive under their care these two colleges. No breach of faith was involved in this scheme. Jefferson College re- sisted similar pressure. Dr. Maclean, who became President of Prince- 136 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1848. Sept. 15. J. P. Marshall. Resolved, that the Board adhere to its former orders in rela- tion to the residence of Prof. Mettauer and his connexion with Randolph Macon College. Prof. F. J. Mettauer, M. D., resigned the office of Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. Mr. A. G. Mcllwaine of Petersburg was elected a Trustee of Hampden Sidney College. 1848. Nov. 10. Rev. S. D. Stuart. F. N. Watkins appointed Financial Agent, to settle up the scholarship account, at a salary of $200; his subscription of $300 remitted in consideration of services rendered. Richard Sterling, Esqr., of Fredericksburg, elected Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy; committee to provide for instruction until the arrival of the Professor. Financial Committee to report to the Faculty the names of all persons to whom scrip for scholarships has been issued; Faculty to keep a record of all the incumbents of said scholar- ships and report annually to the Board. 1849. Jan. 10. S. C. Anderson. The President elect, the Rev. Lewis W. Green, D. D., took the oath of office required by the General Assembly of Virginia, and having delivered an address before the Trustees, the stu- dents of the College, and a large audience, he took his seat as a member of the Board. Committee to correspond with the other Colleges in Virginia; to take such steps as may seem .advisable in preparing and pre- senting memorials to the Legislature of Virginia for pecuniary aid to the Colleges. President Green added to the Committee on Agency. The Trustees approving the intention of the Faculty to re- quire recitations of the students on Saturday do decline grant- ing the request of a portion of the students this day presented. Laid on the table for future consideration: Resd, that the ton about that time, was absolutely opposed to any such direct control of Colleges by the Church [See his, 'Letters on the True Relations of Church and State to Schools and Colleges'] Connected with this change from a close and self -perpetuating corpo- ration to one the members of which were to be chosen by one or more synodical bodies was a plan of endowment by means of cheap scholar- ships. About 1852 both Washington and Jefferson Colleges, Pa., se- cured endowments in this way, the one of $60,000, the other of $50,000. The Princeton plan was different, being based on $1000 scholarships. See, Maclean, History of the College of New Jersey, II, 330-335 ; Higher Education in Pennsylvania [Bulletin; Bureau of Education] p. 245. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 137 Trustees will establish, when the funds of the institution admit it, a Chair of Agricultural Chemistry in the College. 1849. June 13-14. Col. T. H. Epes. Ordered, that Prof. Martin be appointed Rector of the Pre- paratory Department, with power to nominate an assistant in- structor whose salary shall be $400 and his board at the Com- mons Hall. Committee on relocation of the public road east of the Col- lege buildings to contract for the removal of the rubbish of the building recently burnt.^ Report of Contmittee on Agency — Agents: i) Charles Martin, special contract. 2) Rev. W. H. Pollard, 3% and expenses; appointed the fall of 1847; has procured 60 scholarships. 3) Rev. S. D. Stuart, | Rev. W. C. Scott, > 5% appointed Apr. 7, 1848. J. A. Scott, ) Mr. Stuart has procured 175 scholarships, al- lowing for adjusted deductions from 214. 4) Rev. J. S. Armistead has procured 38 scholarships, commission adjusted. Total commissions on all footings, 318 scholarships, $1,485 [not including the work of Prof. Martin.] ^ Agents now appointed: Dr. Green, Rev. S. D. Stuart, Rev. J. S. Armistead, C. Martin, Rev. W. C. Scott, Dr. S. L. Graham, and A. G. Mcllwaine — Riev. William H. Foote [June 14] ; at 3% and reasonable expenses. The two eastern rooms in the second story of the Steward's house to be converted into a room for the Grammar School, contract payable out of funds subscribed for the purpose. Agents to endeavor to raise $1,000, contingent fund, mainly ^This burnt building was the old President's house, which for some fifteen years had been used as a Professor's house. This house gone, there was little left of the old group of buildings. There was still a remnant, called "Rat Castle," standing on the site of the present brick dwelling north of the College. The old Steward's hall seems to have stood about here, and the frame addition to the brick house on that site is reported to have been a part of the first steward's establishment. Buildings rose and fell near springs in the old times. There were sev- eral good springs within the compass of Johnston's Gift. "Thus, within the two years, Professor Martin must have secured nearly half the six hundred scholarships subscribed. Mr. Stuart, (a graduate of Princeton Seminary) at this time pastor of Briery Church, Prince Edward County, about 1866 raised $25,000 for Washington and Lee, particularly in Baltimore and New York. See, Catalogue of Alumni, Washington and Lee University, p. 19 138 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. for the purchase of apparatus — on recommendation of Prof. Sterling. 1849. Aug. 23. [Col. Epes.] Committee on sale of lands to continue sales — so much of the lands near Kingsville as may seem expedient. Contract of lease with Mrs. King for the Steward's house. $500 allowed Prof. Martin, travelling expenses as agent during the vacation while he was agent. 1849. June 12-13. Col. Epes. Thomas C. Miller elected Steward [in the place of Mrs. Martha King, deceased] : — rent, board of two college servants and a Tutor, the Trustees and their horses at their sessions, and $50 to be expended in repairs. Committee to sell bricks, posts, house, &c., remaining on the old President's house lot and premises. Report of the Committee on the President's Message. Cordial approval expressed of the Act of the General Assembly of Va., forbidding credits to students of Colleges. Uniform enforcement ordered of the regulation for payment of board in advance. No student in the Preparatory School to attend any Class in College. An agent to be employed at a salary of $80 per month to prosecute the scholarship fund scheme.^ "^That the College had taken on new life is evident from the follow- ing Minutes [Records of the Philanthropic Society] — Jan. 12, 185a — The President then postponed the business for the pur- pose of hearing the report of the Committee who had been appointed to see into the expediency of building a new hall. They reported that they had examined the list of members and found that there were goo hon- orary and graduate members, and that of those they had selected 274 names from whom something might be expected, to aid in building a new hall, some they supposed would give nothing, but that an average of 10 dollars would be sufficient for the erection of such a building as was contemplated, and that there were 80 regular members from whom something might be expected, they advised that the society proceed with great caution. They also reported that they had formed no plan of a building, or no amount of the cost but that they had written to Prince- ton for the plan of the halls there, and when they receive the desired in- formation they would be able to report with precision what such a hall would cost here. They proposed to let the college occupy the room on the lower floor, it being responsible for all damage, and that it [second floor?] have not less than two rooms, one for debate the other for library, and as far as they could ascertain, they thought the build- ing would cost from $2 to 3000, not including the furniture of the rooms. * * * Resolved that said Committee [appointed at this meet- ing: Messrs. Graham, Sterling and Branch, honorary, and Messrs. Dick- inson, Goodwyn, sen.; Burwell, and Bass, sen.] confer with a similar Asa D. Dickinson. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 139 1850. Dec. 18. A. D. Dickinson. A resignation of Prof. R. Sterling of his professorship was tendered and accepted. The Rev. Joseph R. Wilson was unani- mously elected to the Pirofessorship made vacant by the resigna- tion of Richard Sterling, Esqr. Resolutions on the death of Nelson Page of Cumberland. 1861. June 11-12. Henry E. Watkins. The Rev. Dr. Foote of Romney elected Trustee.^ No dismissed or suspended student to return within 12 miles of the College. The Curator's salary to be 5% commission on receipts. Claim for medical attendance on the servant Billy to be paid out of monies in the hands of the Curator due for Billy's hire. An Act of the Legislature to be procured, if practicable, securing the scholarship fund against loss from claims by any creditor of the College. 1862 ■■■ June 8-10. S. C. Anderson. Leave of absence for 18 months granted to Professor Venable to visit and improve himself at the universities of Europe; his salary continued, the Faculty offering to discharge the duties of his professorship. committee from the Union Society in reference to the erection of a hall at the same time; that they confer with the trustees concerning a joint use of the building and a payment of a part of the expenses of erec- tion; and also that they enter into a correspondence with the honorary members in order to ascertain the prospect of success in an applica- tion for funds. Proff. Sterling moved that a Committee be appointed to draw off a perfect list of the honorary members and regular mem- bers of this society to be handed in at the first meeting in March, which being carried, Proff. Venable, Meredith, HoUaday, Fitzgerald, Carrington, and Morton were appointed. After which the regular exercises were continued. [Bill for printing Alumni Catalogue allowed. Aug. 23, 1850] April 26, 1850 — Resolved, That we deem it expedient to build a new hall of such a character as the committee for that purpose shall think proper. That in order to accomplish our purpose we deem it necessary to pub- lish in the Richmond, Petersburg, Lynchburg, Farmville, and N. Caro- lina papers that the members of the P. Society will meet in their hall at I o'clock on the day of the anniversary meeting, for the purpose of transacting important business. 'Dr. Foote had been a Trustee of the Theological Seminary since 1838. His connection with these institutions was a fortunate event, which led him perhaps (in his invaluable Sketches of Virginia) to be- come the chief historian of both. 140 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. On recommendation of the Rector [Preparatory Department] B. C. White elected Tutor, at a salary of $500 with board, to be paid as a first charge on the room rents. Motion to insure the College buildings rejected. 1853. June 14.^ Col. Epes. Letters were read from Dr. S. Maupin with reference to creating a new chair for the Medical Department of H. S. College, and nominating Dr. Martin A. Scott. Dr. Green appointed agent, with the Faculty, for securing $30,000 addition to the permanent fund, by subscriptions, dona- tions, and scholarships, subscriptions not to be obligatory unless $30,000 shall be promised within two years from Oct. i, 1853. Each member of the Faculty acting as agent to be allowed $100 a month and travelling expenses during the vacation — after- wards a special agent to be appointed. Dr. G. A. Wilson elected to the new chair in the Medical Department. Board in the Steward's Hall raised to $10 per month. 1853. Aug. 24. Col. J. P. Marshall. Letters were read from Drs. Maupin and Tucker, calling a meeting of the Board — also a letter from Dr. G. A. Wilson with reference to Dr. Maupin. Adjournment until 2 o'clock. 2 o'clock : Resolved, that the Medical Faculty and Dr. Wilson be admitted. Counsel for the Faculty granted leave to post- pone his remarks until tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock. Aug. 25. Hearing of Mr. Raleigh T. Daniel, counsel for the Medical Faculty. Adjournnient to 2 o'clock. 2 o'clock: Personal explanations entered into and made be- tween Dr. Green and Dr. Maupin. Adjournment. Aug. 26. Resolutions : Right of election to the Medical Faculty is, and always has been, solely with the Board; Dr. G. A. Wilson is the legally elected Professor of Physiology and Medical Juris- prudence in the Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College; the Board will treat (as it always has) with great re- spect all recommendations on the part of the Medical Faculty. ^Of the Class of 1853 were President Mcllwaine, Professor Holla- day, and Dr. L. H. Blanton, President of Central University, Kentucky. The student life at Hampden Sidney at that time is most interestingly described in Dr. McIIwaine's Reminiscences — Memories of Three Score Years and Ten. Washington 1908. Chapter IX. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 141 1854. Jan. 4. A. G. Mcllwaine. Samuel C. Anderson and William C. Flournoy to appear before the Legislature in vindication of the Board's rights — the Medical Faculty having applied to the Legislature for an independent charter. 1854. June 13-15. A. G. Mcllwaine. Thanks tendered to the Rev. Dr. Armistead, who gave an account of his agency for the College. The next session to commence Sept. ist, instead of Aug. 15th. Appropriation of $600 to be divided among the four Pro- fessors in addition to their salary. Minute adopted in regard to the Medical Faculty: the Board acquiescent though unconvinced; the Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College abolished.^ 1855. Jan. 25. Dr. Armistead. A letter from Prof. Wilson was read resigning his professor- ship.^ This chair to be entitled the Chair of Physical Science; Prof. Venable to be transferred to it, teaching also the higher mathematics. Rev. Dr. Armistead, agent for the College, then made his report: 'That in the recent enterprise more than $30,000 (the sum necessary to make the subscriptions obligatory) has been subscribed.' This amount to be considered as due and bearing interest from Feb. i, 1855. Dr. Armistead allowed 4 per cent, for collecting and bonding the above named subscriptions. iPor a discussion of the whole matter, See: Opinions of G. N. John- son and A. A. Morson, Esgs., upon Questions concerning the Rights of the Faculty of the Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College to- gether with the Reply of the same Faculty to the Memorial of the Twenty-two Physicians, &c. Richmond : Elliot and Nye, 1853, pp. 53. 8 vo. Among the documents is a letter from Dr. John W. Draper to Dr. Socrates Maupin, dated University, New York, July 29, 1853 : "You are right in supposing that, the negotiations for the establishment of your College were for the most part conducted through me. * * * The intention of the parties was that the power should be virtually in the Medical Faculty. * * * My recollection of these arrangements is clear, because at the organization of the medical department of this University, which took place soon after, and in which I was the chief negotiator, the same principles were introduced, the example of the Richmond school being constantly before us." 'Dr. Joseph R. Wilson no doubt left Hampden Sidney in the summer of 1855. A few months later his son, Woodrow Wilson (President of Princeton University, Governor of New Jersey, &c), was /born, at Staunton, Augusta County. 142 CALENDAR, OF BOARD MINUTES. 1855. June 12-14. Dr. Wm. S. Morton. A letter from Prof. Venable, expressing his desire to retain his former position of Professor of Mathematics rather than to be transferred to the Chair of Physical Science. Lewis L. Holladay was elected to the Chair of Physical Science. Walter Blair elected Tutor for one year. Messrs Stuart and Hoge a committee to consider the improving the College build-, ings and grounds. Price of board to be $12. Messrs. Hoge and Southall and President Green a committee to reorganize the Society of Alumni and procure a speaker who shall represent them at the next commencement.^ 1855. Dec. 19. Col. Marshall. Professor Venable resigns: resignation to take effect Jan. 13th, 1856.^ Professor Venable ofifers to return the salary paid him while he was in Europe: Board declines to accept. Messrs. S. C. Anderson, Thornton, Southall, and Dickinson a committee to represent this Board in the Legislature on the subject of getting aid to the College. Dr. Green to grant the petition offered by the students for I week's vacation during the Christmas holidays. 1856. June 24. Col. Marshall. Committee to confer with Dr. Green and express their earnest desire that he should remain in his present position; Board re- gards his continuance as vitally important. Salaries guaranteed: to the President $1,500; to each of the Professors $1,000. ^There was an active Alumni Association in 1840 — See Minutes, Union Society, Aug. 29, 1840 — 'William H. McFarland, Alumni Association: orator for the present year, elected to honorary membership' [Mr. Mc- Farland, President of the Farmers Bank of Virginia, had been a member of the Philanthropic Society when a student at the College]. The Alumni Associations at both Harvard and Yale were organized about 1840. The earliest Society of the kind seems to have been that at Williams College, 1821. 'Charles Scott Venable was born in Prince Edward County, April 19, 1827; A. B., Hampden Sidney College, 1842; of the Faculty of the College during a period of fotirteen years; Professor of Natural Philosophy, University of Georgia, of. Mathematics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina; Colonel, C. S. A., and a. d. c, General Lee; Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, i865-i89i5; author of a series of mathematical text books; d. Aug. 11, 1900 [See Kaleido- scope, IX, 28-40, article by William M. Thornton]. Lewis W. Green. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 143 1856. Aug. 5. Mr. Comfort. A letter was read from Dr .Green resigning his seat as President of the College — which resignation was accepted as taking effect from the ist of September next, and On motion, a committee of three, to wit, Messrs. Stuart, Berkeley, and Anderson were appointed to express to Dr. Green the feelings and sentiments of the Board in reference to his leaving the College — 'they feel it due to themselves to express their high appreciation of his able, self-sacrificing, and success- ful administration.'^ 1856. Aug. 21. Mr. Comfort. The order of the day was taiken up, which was to elect a President of the College. The following gentlemen were nomi- nated, to wit, Messrs. M. D. Hoge, J. H. Bocock, C. S. Venable, A. L. HoUaday, and T. V. Moore, and after ballotings being made, the Riev. A. L. Holladay was declared unanimously elected.^ 'Dr. Green returned to Kentucky, becoming President of Transyl- vania University (State Normal School), dying in 1863, President of Centre College. Dr.- Joseph R. Wilson, who had been a student under Dr. Green at Alleghany Seminary and was his colleague at Hampden Sidney, wrote of him : — "Surely there never was a more admirable teacher. His scholar- ship was as profound and as comprehensive as it was minute and exact. His whole method of imparting knowledge, his skill in drawing out the utmost resources of his pupils, his enthusiasm in dealing with truth, the impression he made on his classes of an equal greatness of mind and heart, his flowing geniality, mingled with all the elements of needful authority, rendered the hours of recitation wonderfully pleasant and profitable. * * * jjo college president ever enjoyed a purer fame. The fact is undeniable that Dr. Green was a really great man, and had his bodily health been as robust as his mental energies were strong, he would have become illustrious. As it was, he left behind him in Virginia a name free from blemish, and for commanding, positive excel- lence well deserving of being held in grateful remembrance. The cause of education in the old Commonwealth will forever remain his debtor. [Memoir. By L. J. Halsey, New York, 1871, pp. 33, 50.] 'The Rev. M. D. Hoge, D. D. member of the Board of Trustees; the Rev. John H. Bocock, D. D., a "graduate of Amherst College, 1835 ; in 1856 pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Harrisonburg, Va., later pastor of the Bridge Street Church, Georgetown, D. C. ; d. 1872; Professor Venable, recently of the College; the Rev. Albert L. Holladay, sometime a Professor in the College, a missionary in Persia (1836- 1849) ; in 1856 pastor of a church near Charlottesville, Va. ; the Rev. T. V. Moore, D. D., a graduate of Dickinson College, 1838; in 1856 pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Richmond, Va., and Editor of the Central Presbyterian; d. 1871. 144 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1856. Nov. 7. Dr. Armistead. Death of President-elect Holladay — 'Our church in Virginia and Virginia herself has occasion to deplore the loss of one whose simplicity and purity of character, whose gentleness and dignity of manner, whose ripe and elegant scholarship, and whose attractive and mature piety entitled him to the reverential love of all to whom the interests of learning and religion are dear.' The Rev. Moses D. Hoge was elected President [Declined Jan. i6, 1857]. 1857. May 11. Col. Epes. The election of President was taken up, and after several nominations were made and four ballotings the Rev. John M. P. Atkinson was declared unanimously elected. 185?!; June 9. Dr. Morton. Dr. Dabney and Prof. Martin were invited to sit with the Board during its present session. Rev. Mr. Atkinson appeared in the Board, after some con- ference accepted his appointment and took the oath prescribed by law.^ By invitation. Prof. Martin was called on, and gave an account of the state of the College in the interregnum. Prof. Martin and Capt. Perkinson to ascertain the rights of persons holding scholarships, and make such a report as will guide the faculty in the admission of students under these rights. ' Dr. Hoge was invited to assist the President-elect in conduct- ing the Commencement exercises. On motion of Mr. Mcllwaine the College buildings were in- sured to the amount of $10,000. Committee to draw up and present to the Board a report with reference to the late tragedy in the College, to wit, the murder of Charles T. Edie by E. A. Langhome.^ The Rev. Dr. Armistead to continue as agent of the College, ^President Atkinson was born in 1817 in Dinwiddie County; graduated at Hampden Sidney College in 1835, at Union Theological Seminary in 1838, and at Princeton Seminary in 1840; was a missionary in Texas for a year, pastor of the Warrenton, Va., Presbyterian Church, and of the Bridge Street Church, Georgetown, D. C. ; C. S. A.,; died Aug. 28, 1883. [See Memorial Address, by William M. Thornton, Petersburg, igoo]. 'Langhorne's mind was perhaps disordered. A trifling dispute, some- thing about a girl's handkerchief, led to the stabbing, which happened just within the entrance to Fourth Passage, Jan. 27, 1857. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 145 for the increase of the permanent and contingent funds by sub- scriptions and donations. 1858. June 8. Dr. Morton. No student to matriculate until he shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has paid his board for the half session in advance. Col. Henry Stokes and T. T. Tredway, Esqr. elected Trustees. Drs. Armistead and Atkinson, committee for the purpose of increasing the funds, continued with instructions to suspend applications for $100 scholarships. Walter Blair elected Adjunct Professor of Languages, at $600; to be advanced according to the funds to $800. 1859. June 14-15. Samuel C. Anderson. On motion of Mcllwaine a committee was appointed to report to this meeting some scheme for a more enlarged endowment of the College. Messrs. Mcllwaine and Perkinson, and Drs. Atkinson, Hoge, and Watkins were appointed this committee.^ 'In order to preserve the dignity and decorum becoming in a literary institution, the Board of Trustees have committed to the Faculty and require them to maintain the controul of all assemblages, amusements, and exercises of the College on public days and throughout the session, and that no gathering or pastime be permitted without their consent.' Messrs Stuart, Comfort, and Booth, a committee to consider the subject of building rooms on College grounds for the ac- commodation of students. Report of Committee of Ways and Means — Believing that the time is approaching when an effort on a larger scale than has heretofore been attempted, must be made to place this College on a foundation demanded by the character and neces- sities of the Presbyterian Church in Virginia — Inasmuch as experience proves that it is easier to raise a sum sufficiently large to accomplish a great end, than a small one which will not meet the exigency, we will adopt a scheme for raising not less than $100,000. Scheme: one class of subscribers to give on condition that $50,000 be raised; another class to give $10, or any amount, for each $10,000 secured, subscriptions counting towards the several $10,000. Those who prefer to invest in scholarships may 'The statement drawn up by this committee has been preserved in the Hampden Sidney Magazine, Vol. II, 329-331 (October, i860). The first number of the Magazine appeared January, 1859. The first two volumes, published by the Literary Societies, were of a very high order of college journalism. The third volume was unfortunately delayed until 1884. 146 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. do so — $500 a perpetual scholarship; $100, tuition of a son, or sons, or of a nominee for twenty years. The Chair of Ancient Languages to be divided — Prof. Martin, Greek; Prof. Blair, Latin. Petition from Union Society granted — for leave to fit room. No. 22 as a room for their Librarian. [This circular, published in the Magazine for October, i860, brings out a few of the difficulties experienced after ten years of the scholarships plan. There is no question that the plan was at the time a necessary one — "Whilst the number of our students has increased, there has not been, from the nature of the case there could not be, a corresponding increase in the number of our professors. For years past not a dollar has come into our treasury from tuition fees, and whilst the use of scholarships can be secured at a merely nominal sum, it is evident that nothing can be expected from this source. Except from room-rents, the income of the Institution has been about the same with one hundred and thirty-five students as if the matriculates reached only the fifth or the tenth of that number. Indeed, without an addition to our permanent fund, we must look for a reduction instead of an increase of our corps of instructors. The proceeds of the scholarship fund afford a meagre support to only four teachers, while, for a long time past, the services of five have been im- peratively demanded. In these circumstances the only recourse of the trustees was to appropriate the sum derived from room rents to the support of a tutor or an assistant professor. This, therefore, has been done, and a fund, the natural direction of which would be the repair of the buildings of the Institution, has been devoted to increasing the number of its instructors. The consequences of this policy have been such as might have been anticipated. While the students of the College have been the recipients of an amount of professional care and assistance beyond what they had the right to expect, the buildings and en- closures have fallen into disrepair, and the grounds exhibit none of those attractions which the judicious expenditure of a few hundred dollars would secure. Nor is this all. Debts con- tracted for repairs of urgent and immediate necessity have re- mained unpaid until the patience of our creditors has been exhausted, and we have only been saved from a suit at law by the liberaltiy of friends who have advanced the money to meet our most pressing liabilities. But this state of things cannot last long. Either an important addition must very soon be made to our funds or we must consent to lose the services of our fifth professor — a gentleman from whose connection with the College we have expected the most important benefits. We Travis H. Epes. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 147 must continue in debt till the room rents yield a sufficient sum to pay off our liabilities, and meanwhile the real estate of the College must be constantly falling into worse condition. In such circumstances can the Institution continue to advance? * * * Now, to avoid these evils, and to secure on the other hand, as far as they can secure it, a higher prosperity to the college than she has ever enjoyed — the Board of Trustees have resolved to raise one hundred thousand dollars toward the full endowment of the College. Every dollar of the principal of this sum is to be invested in the safest securities and the income is to be devoted to the support of the Institution. By the liberality of a few individuals and with very little effort to obtain their contributions, a considerable part of this sum has already been pledged; but to secure the whole it will evidently be necessary to invoke the aid of the friends of the Institution and of sound learning in every part of the field of our opera- tions. To gain a favorable response we believe that it will only be necessary to bring before the minds of the people the urgency of the case and the greatness of the benefits which may be expected from the success of our effort. Let this one hundred thousand dollars be raised — what consequences may we naturally anticipate? The income of the College more than doubled, the faculty can be greatly enlarged, while the salaries of its individ- ual members may be increased — the College buildings and grounds will be repaired and beautified, and as the result of all this at no distant day our students will reach twice their present number. And to our whole State, especially to that part of the State in which the College is placed, the benefit would be incal- culable. It is to education as a means of State influence and an element of State prosperity, that the attention of Virginia should be most earnestly directed. No man can intelligently consider our peculiar circumstances of local position, climate, health, historic associations, and the multitudinous ties which bind to the old mother of states her daughters of the South and South- west without seeing that it is in the power of Virginia to become the great educational state of the South and of the Union. The influence of her University has tended and is tending powerfully to this result. But the influence of the University is not suffi- cient of itself and alone to secure the wished-for end. It must be supplemented by the influence of colleges — colleges of the highest rank, or Virginia can never perform the whole work to which she is called, informing the minds and the hearts of the young men of America. Do not the past and the present of Hampden Sidney point her out as at least equally, witji any of her sisters, the hope of the State in the attainment of this great object? 148 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Upon the grounds thus far considered, the duty of support- ing Hampden Sidney might be urged with equal force upon any citizen of the Commonwealth, at least of that portion of the State in which she is placed. But upon the Presbyterian Church of Virginia she certainly has peculiar claims. Though not formally, she is and ever has been virtually a Presbyterian College. J. M. P. Atkinson, M. D. Hoge, A. G. Mcllwaine, T. E. Perkinson, F. B. Watkins, M. D., T. T. Tredway, Committee.] 1860. June 12. Dr. Morton. A. D. Dickinson authorized to sell a corner of land opposite King's Old Tavern. Robert M. Booker elected Steward, on lease. President authorized to borrow $2,000 — demands of contingent fund now pressing. Committee of Ways and Means much encouraged — more than $12,000 pledged — expedient to suspend offering scholarships — propriety urged of again seeking aid of the Legislature — Agents allowed 5% and necessary travelling expenses — Dr. Atkinson, acting as agent, to be allowed 5%, and expenses, in addition to salary. The College to be covered with tin, if funds are available. 1861. Aug. 6. S. C. Anderson. 'Under the special circumstances in which the last Senior Class of College was placed at the close of the session, it was Resolved, That without requiring attendance at the college, we permit the members who failed to stand their examinations, to receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts whenever they shall present certificates from the several Professors that they have passed the examinations in their respective departments.' 'On motion of Dr. Watkins, Resolved, That the Board of Trustees most heartily approve of the course adopted by the President and Professor Martin in offering their services in the defence of their country. Re- solved further, That the Board highly approve the course of the President in forming and heading a volunteer company of THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 149 the students, from this institution, and that both he and the students are entitled to our high consideration and approval.'* The Steward granted leave to keep at the Steward's hall a fruit and confectionery store, subject to the supervision of the President and Professors. Committee to provide for 'the instruction of the students of the College, during the absence of a part of our Professors in the military defence of the country ; with authority to engage any additional aid, upon the application of the remaining Pro- fessors, as in the judgment of the committee may be necessary: and that the compensation therefor be made out of the salary of the President.' Dr. Atkinson continued as agent of the College. Professor Blair allowed to remain another year in Europe. Committee authorized to employ additional instructors was also empowered to procure military instructors for the time being, if practicable. [Oct. I, 1861 — John W. Jackson of Fluvanna Co.^ appointed military instructor for the session : salary, fees from his classes.] ^The services of this company of Hampden Sidney Boys were brief. The company was mustered in early in May, 1861 : Officers, — President Atkinson, captain; John W. Jackson, first lieutenant; Robt. G. Temple, second lieutenant; Tazewell M. McCorkle, third lieutenant; W. W. Page, orderly sergeant. At Richmond, the company was attached to the Twentieth Virginia, Col. John Pegram. Orders were to join the com- mand of General Garnett at Laurel Hill, Pendleton Co. Arriving at Laurel Hill, Col. Pegram's regiment was sent to Rich Mountain, about twenty miles oflf. Communication between the two posts was cut off. General McClellan attacked both simultaneously, and with an over- whelming force. Col. Pegram surrendered July 11, 1861. General McClellan treated Captain Atkinson and his company with great courtesy. Lieutenant McCorkle said, "The Captain possessed the highest qualifica- tions of a soldier, but lacked the thorough military training." See articles in Kaliedoscope, 1894, 1906, 1909, etc., etc. Afterwards the students of the College formed another company, of which Dr. Atkinson was again Captain. This company was under the command of General Kemper, along with all the reserve forces of the state, but were not at any time continuously in the field. They 'were ordered out to meet all raiding parties that had in view the destruction of the railroads and in other ways cut off the supplies shipped to Gen. Lee's army from the Southwest. They were sometimes in camp two or three weeks at a time, but never Had anything more than skirmishing in the way of fighting.' [Statement of George B. Morton, Class of 1867.] From the figures given in the General Catalogue, between four and five hundred of the alumni of the College were in the Confederate army; nearly a hundred died in service. 'Jackson was first lieutenant of the College Company, which was cap- tured at Rich Mountain; he had had military training before the war, perhaps at the Virginia Military Institute. ISO CALENDAR' OF BOARD MINUTES. 1862. June 11-12. Colin Stokes. Dr. Armistead. Mr. Tredway made his report as Chairman of the committee to recommend military instruction, and asised a continuance of the same for another year, which was granted. A salary of $750 appropriated to Mr. Wm. Caruthers as Professor of Mathematics, pro tern, [vice Prof. Snyder, re- signed Oct. I, 1861.] On motion of Dr. Watkins, it was Resolved, That the Board of Trustees have a right to change the investment of the College funds from State or United States bonds to Confederate States bonds. (All voting in the affirmative except Dr. Berkeley.) On motion. Resolved, That a committee consisting of the Treasurer and Mr. A. G. Mcllwaine be instructed to sell the whole fund of Va. State bonds, and $500 of Southside Railroad stock, and invest the same and other monies that may in a short time be collected, in Confederate States bonds — Provided that on farther examination of the subject, it shall not appear to them inexpedient to change the character of the fund.'^ Drs. Atkinson, Foote, and John H. Bocock requested to act as agents — at 5% allowance on amounts collected, and travelling expenses. 'Whereas the Board of Trustees having been informed that Professor Blair has tendered his resignation as a member of the Faculty with the view of volunteering to fight in the Con- federate army in defence of our liberties — Therefore, Resolved unanimously that in the opinion of this Board the interest of the country will best be promoted by Professor Blair's retaining his connection with Hampden Sidney, and therefore we decline to receive his resignation. Resolved further, That in the event of Prof. Blair's decision to decline entering upon his official duties at present, the Board grant him leave of absence during such a period as Mr. Blair may feel his duties and obligations call him in the army.'^ 'The statement is made that Treasurer Perkinson got the College bonds together, put them into his saddle-bags, and rode to Petersburg to consult with Mr. Mcllwaine, whose decision was that it appeared inex- pedient to change the character of the fund. Mr. Mcllwaine was a man of large business and his advice was often of great value. "Professor Blair returned from Germany during the war, and served to the end, in Cabell's Battalion, Richmond Howitzers, Army of North4 ern Virginia. Professor Martin, a native of Vermont, entered the war 'as a member of a Prince Edward Cavalry Company, which became Co. 'K, Third Virginia; honorably discharged in 1862 for physical disability, serving in local organizations until the end of the war. Professor Holla- 'day for a time was engaged in manufacturing nitrates in North Carolina, •for use in gun-powder. Professor Snyder, born in Frederick Co., Virginia, and educated in Pennsylvania, resigned at the beginning of the war, being a Union man. A. G. McIlwaine. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 151 1863. June 9-11. Colin Stokes. 'On motion of Col. Epes it was Resolved, that we the Board of Trustees of Hampden Sydney College will give tuition in the College proper to all young men maimed in the present war, and to the sons of such as are killed in the prosecution of the same.' The committee for changing the investment of the College funds, on its application was discontinued. The Treasurer empowered at his discretion to change the $5000 call Confederate bond into 7 per cent. Confederate bonds. The President and Trustees will cheerfully accept funds the interest of which to be applied to the fees other than tuition of men maimed during the present war or the sons of men killed in the service of the country; provided that when the specific purposes for which such funds are given shall have been an- swered, the funds shall vest in the Trustees absolutely. Fees ordered : Tuition $60. Room rent $20. Contingencies $15. Deposit $10. A Professorship to be now created 'to be called the Chair of Modern Languages, and the occupant of that chair to be required to teach the military drill :^ such chair to be filled as soon as the services of the Professor shall be required in the institution.' 1864. Apr. 16. S. C. Anderson. A committee was appointed to memorialize the Confederate Congress on the subject of exempting the funds of the College, and of the Libraries of the Literary Societies connected there- with, from taxation. And that said memorial be forwarded to our Representatives in Congress.^ Mr. A. D. Dickinson, Dr. Atkinson, and Dr. Watkins were appointed a committee to present said memorial. 1864. June 14. Colin Stokes. The question of appointing a Professor of Modern Languages was discussed and for the present postponed. ^This was an opportunity which Col. Louis Gasperi, Teacher of French, Italian and Spanish in 1826-27, might have seized to advantage. Aswas becoming in an institution due somewhat to Scotland, there was provision made at Hampden Sidney for French, at least, almost from the first. 'There was no fixed policy regarding the Modern Languages until 1871, a special tuition fee for each language being charged until iSSo. '"The Chair laid before the House the memorial of the president and trustees of Hampden Sidney College, asking a modification of the tax law; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means"— •Journal, House of Representatives, Confederate Congress, May 19, 1864. tSenate Doc, Vol. 31, p. 79— S8th Congress, 2d Session]. 152 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 'On motion, the Board adjourned till 8J^ o'C tomorrow — and at that hour in consequence of the expected redd of the public enemy/ the Board adjourne'd to meet at the call of the President.' 1864. July 26-27. Dr. Watkins. 'On motion of Dr. Atkinson, Resolved, that the Secretary of War be requested to exempt from military service during: the ensuing session such students of H. S. College as shall be- come seventeen years of age in the course of the session.^ Resolved 2d, that Rev. M. D. Hoge be requested to present this petition to the Secretary of War.' The Treasurer empowered to sell or retain the coupons on the cotton bonds belonging to the College. The preparatory school to be taught the ensuing year by such members of the Faculty as are willing to engage in it. The College servant has made contracts as a freeman. The Faculty of the College authorized to employ a Professor of Modern Languages for the ensuing session ; the tuition for modern languages to be $ioo for each language; in conference, with the candidate for Professor of Modern Languages the Faculty distinctly to inform him that he must depend upon the the tuition fees for salary. The President directed to publish in at least two newspapers; of extensive circulation a full advertisement of the institution for the next collegiate year. On motion, the tuition and other fees are increased this year to double of what they were last year. Dr. Atkinson to be the sole agent of the College in collectings subscriptions, with the power to appoint sub-agents during the collegiate year ensuing. iThis rumor of war no doubt came from Campbell County immediately- 'to the west. — See Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.. 'Series I, Vol. XXXVII, Part I, p. 156: ' [Telegram.] Lynchburg, June 14, 1864, 8:38 A. M. ' I am here with 2,000 cavalry. Ewing's main column, about 15,000 strong. General Duffie, with 4,000 men, is in Amherst. I am arranging- to attack him to-day. A marauding party, not over 300, forded James River eight miles below here last night, and burnt Concord Depot, on South Side Railroad, and went on to Campbell Court House. I have sent detachment in pursuit. J. D. Imboden, ' General Braxton Bragg. [Brigadier-General.] "cf. Minutes, Philanthropic Society, June 13, 1813 : 'Subject of next 'debate, Whether the late act of the legislature of this State repealing the law which exempted students of publick seminaries from mustering is commendable or not.' THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 153 1865. July 18. Col. Marshall. The agent (Dr. Atkinson) authorized to settle unpaid sub- scriptions as he might think best, and to convert into money any commodities he may receive. The President authorized to negotiate a loan sufficient to sustain the Faculty during the suspension of payment of interest on the Virginia State bonds owned by the College ; such interest to be pledged as security. The scholarship fund being totally unavailable (invested in Virginia State stodks) no student to be received without pay- ment of tuition [Repealed, June 13, 1866]. On payment of accrued interest by the State, holders of scholarship scrip af- fected as above to be indemnified. 1866. May 15 . Dr. Foote. 'Henceforth any trustee of this institution who fails to attend the regular meetings of the Board for two consecutive years,, and who furnishes no satisfactory excuse for his absence, to be dropped from the rolls, and no longer to be regarded as a trustee of the College.' 1866. June 12-13. Mr. Comfort. Mr. Perkinson and Prof. Martin to prepare a report on the scholarships held in this College, with the dates of sale thereof, the names of the holders, and their duration. Committee [A. G. Mcllwaine and Dr. Atkinson] to take into consideration raising funds for, the temporary use of the College, urge the appointment of the Revs. R. Mcllwaine, A. Pitzer, and H. C. Alexander as special agents. Authorization of sale of perpetual scholarships. Steward's hall to be leased — lessee not to retail ardent spirits or wine in the county. 1866. Aug. 1. J. F. Mcllwaine. Board proceeded to the election of a Professor of Mathematics whose salary shall be one thousand dollars payable semi-annually on the isth July and isth Jan'y of each year, and that said Professor of Math, shall be entitled to the rent of the Steward's Hall or occupy the premises. After reading the recommendations and testimonials of many applicants it was resolved that Col. Delaware Kemper of Alex- andria be elected Professor of Mathematics.^ • ^Professor Kemper had been Lieutenant-Colonel of Artillery in the Confederate army. He was a military engineer of great ability. A good many of his reports are preserved in the Official Records, Union and Confederate Armies. Under President Cleveland he was Consul at Amoy, China. Colonel Kemper was a graduate in schools of the Uni- versity of Virginia, 1849-1851. His term of office at Hampden Sidney was from 1866 to 1883; he died at Alexandria, Va., about 1894. 154 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1867. June 11-12. T. T. Tredway. Dr. Armistead resigns as Trustee; the Rev. Dr. R. L. Dabney elected Trustee. The Faculty of the College to be the committee of buildings and repairs, and to elect the Curator; money received for room rents and servant's hire to be used exclusively for repairs. Resignation of Capt. Perkinson as Treasurer — 'the Board ex- press their grateful appreciation of the valuable services ren- dered by Capt. Perkinson as Treasurer of the College.' Mr. T. T. Tredway elected Treasurer at 2j4 per cent, on all monies received. Faculty authorized to organize a department for instruction in Applied Mathematics with such fees as may seem to them ex- pedient — and attendance on the class thus organized to be voluntary. Petition of the students with reference to the roof of the College referred to committee on repairs. Report submitted by the Faculty, particularly in relation to the excellent conduct of the students, heard with great pleasure. 1868. June 9-11. Thos. E. Perkinson. Recommendation of the Auditing Committee approved and adopted, "That the Bonds of the Confederate States be pre- served." Minute: Very encouraging report of the President — 'Re- solved, 1st That in view of these most encouraging facts we regard it as something due to the P'resident and Professors of the College that we place upon record our grateful testimony to the fidelity, zeal, and efficiency with which they have dis- charged their duties. Resolved, 2nd That notwithstanding the general impoverish- ment of the people of our Commonwealth, and the necessity which lies upon them to repair their shattered fortunes and develop the material resources of the country, we hail it as a happy omen of the future that parents still regard the education of their sons as an interest of paramount importance, and that a College conducted on the principles which distinguish Hamp- den Sidney should continue to receive a steadily increasing share of public patronage.'^ ' 'The number of students this year was S3; the average from i868 to 1877 was a little over 80. In 1867 Randolph-Macon had 45 students, Richmond 90, and Davidson (North Carolina) 27. The early eighties marked the turning point for colleges in Virginia and North Carolina — the early eighties marked the turning point for most Southern institu- tions, industrial and educational. The Manufacturer's Record was estab- lished in 1882, which is a very good date for reference. Washington and Lee (not typical during General Lee's administration) had 96 students Moses D. Hoge. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 155 Students entering on scholarships must produce the scrip; or if the Faculty is satisfied that the scrip has been lost, but the scholarship has been paid for, the party must be referred to the Treasurer for the renewal of his scrip. Reports this day presented by members of the Faculty, in relation to the Degree of Master of Arts, recommitted to the Faculty with instructions to report in writing to the next annual meeting some definite and distinct recommendations for adop- tion by the Board. Petition from sundry students, asking that the Chapel exer- cises of each evening be dispensed with, was presented and re- ferred to the Faculty. Provision for salaries to be made by loan (parties making the loan to be given an order on the State) should the State not pay next July and January interest. Matriculation fee of $5 to be charged. 1868. Nov. 3-4. F. N. Watkins. The Revd. Richard Mcllwaine appointed General Agent to solicit funds for the further endowment of the College, and for the sale of scholarships, at a salary of $1500 per annum, and travelling and incidental expenses; authorized to appoint assistant agents on commission; to confer with committee. The railroad authorities of the State to be requested to grant the General Agent a free pass.^ 'The committee to whom was referred the "Act entitled an Act to establish new scholarships," made a report, which was considered, amended, and adopted.' — $100 and $500 scholar- ships authorized; conditions and guarantees. A room in College to be suitably arranged as a lecture room, and for meetings of the students. Committee to investigate and report on the claims of assignees in 1881, the University of Virginia 298 Students in 1884, Randolph Macon 108 students in 1884, Richmond 113 students in 1880, and David- son 98 students in 1885. The mills of reconstruction were grinding small, on the eve of a different character of operation. At Hampden Sidney there was no preparatory department for twenty years after the war. In 1873 the Prince Edward Academy was estab- lished, running thirteen years and serving as a preparatory department, 'distinct from the College. The attendance at this excellent school Tanged from 20 to more than 40. ■ *Dr. Mclwaine, of the class of 1853, President of the College 1883-1904, •was from the time of his first connection with the institution its very ■active friend. Hampden Sidney College owes a great deal to Dr. Mc- llwaine. The enumeration of his services, before and after his election to the presidency, would fill page after page. 156 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. of the twenty years' scholarships; Faculty instructed to resist 'any alleged claim to use any of said scholarships purporting to have been derived by descent, without assignment.' 1869. June 8, A. G. Mcllwaine. Report of Revd. R. Mcllwaine, General Agent. Committee to confer with him, the Presbytery of West Hanover, and the Church at Farmville, to procure if practicable a dissolution of his pastoral relation. Report of committee on assignable scholarships — Legal advice of Profs. Minor and Southall and B. R. Welford, Esqr., that Treasurer and Faculty should not yield claim in favor of as- signees. Treasurer to appoint an agent to solicit from all the remaining holders of assignable scholarships the relinquishment to the College of their rights of assignment, leaving them in possession of their rights of nomination. From and after this date the sale of $ioo scholarships to be discontinued, and the Financial Agent to solicit from holders of the assignable second issue of scholarships the relinquishment of said scholarships to the College. Dr. Atkinson and Prof. Holladay to confer with representa- tives of Union Seminary, to bring about simultaneous com- mencement anniversaries for Seminary and College ; same com- mittee, with Dr. Dabney, to endeavor to effect uniform times of sessions and vacations of Virginia seminaries of learning — committee to attend the Education Association at Lexington. The degree of A. M. to be conferred on Bachelors of Arts of not less than two years standing, who shall furnish evidence of having engaged in literary, scientific or professional study, together with a written thesis upon some subject connected with such studies. Professor Kemper, until otherwise ordered, appointed Mar- shal for the College Commencements — with authority to adver- tise the public exercises; to arrange, with the advice of the Faculty, the order of exercises ; print and distribute programmes, and have a general supervision and control of the anniversaries. Committee on the President's report 'regret to learn that there has been the slightest diminution in the moral tone of the stu- dents — Renew expressions of grateful confidence in the zeal, fidelity, and efficiency of the President and Faculty of the College.' This Board appreciating the importance of the settlement of a Christian colony such as is now located in Amelia County appoint Rev. R. L. Dabney. D. D. a committee to open a cor- THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 157 respondence with such a colony with a view of inducing them to locate near the College.^ 1870. Mar. 17. Thos. E. Perkinson. Meeting called to consider the expediency of petitioning the Legislature for a portion of the funds to be derived from sale of the Congress lands — for the promotion of agricultural educa- tion. Memorial of the Trustees of Hampden Sidney College to the General Assembly of Virginia [drawn by Dr. Dabney] , viz. Petition for one third of the grant of 300,000 acres; fund to be used under the direction of the Legislature, for the instruc- tion of youths from the tobacco and seaboard country. Pupils to be nominated by the Legislature, to follow work in scientific and practical agriculture; an experiment farm to be maintained. Such students to have free access to all classes in the College, and to occupy the buildings upon the same charges with other students. Petition presented on following grounds : 'That the great section of the State we represent is peculiar in soil, climate, and productions, and hence its citizens must be taught a different system and principles of tillage adapted to it. That Hampden Sidney is the only existing College in the Southside, embracing one third of the territory and population of the State. That the Southside has suffered peculiarly by the ravages of war, the loss of property, the taxation of its great staple, and the prostration of its agriculture. That the healthy climate at this College, its position in the heart of the tobacco region, its good order and and healthy moral tone, its long, useful, and patriotic career point it out as eminently fitted to receive this trust, and to administer it in the most beneficial manner.' Memorial entrusted to the President of the College, with in- structions to employ such agencies and means as he may think expedient. 1870. June 14-16. D. Comfort. Revd. Richard Mcllwaine of Farmville and Col. J. P. Fitz- gerald of Prince Edward Court House elected Trustees. : ^The impression has been that Dr. Dabney was not at all encouraged in this enterprise, [cf. Life and Letters, p. 433]. This Minute, as far as it goes, is evidence to the contrary. The question was, and is, an important one, and throughout a wide extent of territory. It has been ■a natural law in our country that what is called the 'old stock,' for "whatever reason, wears out or is dissipated. Individualism is no check to such tendencies, and until we get a council of wise men (a Salomon's House) to consider such matters, we shall always have more trouble 'than is good for us. A definition of democracy might be, that form of government which furthers continual, often disagreeable, change with a very laudable ultimate purpose. 158 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Curator to pay Dr. Atkinson and Judge Watkins expenses incurred in prosecuting our claim for a portion of the Land Fund donated to Virginia by Congress. Fee for matriculation to be $io. Authorized sale of $ioo scholarships, conveying privileges until June, 1875. Col. J. P. Fitzgerald, Richard Mcllwaine, and L. L. Holladay, committee to solicit the attendance of the Alumni at the next annual Commencement for the purpose of organiziilg a Society .and the inauguration of measures conducive to the prosperity of the institution. Committee to make necessary and proper arrangements for an Alumni dinner or supper. For the ensuing year $200 to be added if possible to the salary of the President and each of the Professors. 'Sale of perpetual scholarships to be urged forward, and special attention to be given to introducing them into our abler churches, as the best means at present accessible to us of add- ing to our permanent fund.'^ 1871. June 13-15. D. Comfort. Resolved, That while the Board of Trustees cannot approve Tournaments as an exercise peculiarly suited to young gentle- men of literary tastes and habits, they make no objection to the entertainment proposed by the young men on tomorrow after- noon, as they are persuaded that the preparations therefor have been made under a misapprehension of the views of the Trustees.^ ■ 'Regarding the plans for endowment broached at this time Abram Venable ('57) wrote — 'This noble and venerable institution of learning lias ever held a high position in the esteem and affection of the people. Patrick Henry, as one of her earliest friends and first trustees, pro- cured the liberal and powerful charter she now holds, and stood by her •while he lived. For well-nigh a century she has educated and trained and turned out many of the very best men of the State, and her sons have filled every seat of honor and occupied every post of distinction or usefulness known to this country. Nor does it appear that her alumni are solely interested in this matter. The people of all Southside Vir- ginia are peculiarly interested. In all our section — the largest and most "populous of the State — ^there is but one College and that is Hampden Sidney.' New Commonwealth (Farmville), Aug. 25, 1870. ^This tournament, the only one on record during the century, was held on Wednesday afternoon of the Commencement 'in a field east of the College.' There were fifteen knights. The Knight of Buckingham, Alexander Hall ('72), crowned the queen. The Alumni Banquet was on 'Thursday, from S to 9 o'clock. Fourteen toasts were responded to; the galleries (of the old chapel) were assigned the ladies who came to hear. •At the end, the company rose, joined hands around the table and sang Auld Lang Syne. The commencement surpassed any in interest we have ever attended. — New Commonwealth, June 22, 1871. J. M. P. Atkinson. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 159 Salaries from ist January, 1871 — President $1700. Each Professor $1200. Code of Laws approved: Faculty authorized to have printed 500 copies of- the Charter and By-Laws, and to prefix a brief note of the History of the College. 'On motion, Resolved, That the resolution of the Synod of Virginia of Oct., 1870, in relation to the expediency of mutual and combined instruction to be given by the Professors of Hamp- den Sidney College and Union T. Seminary be referred to the Faculty of H. S. College with instructions to confer with the Faculty of U. T. Seminary, and digest and report any plan of instruction suggested by the Synod, if deemed expedient; this Board add the assurance of their hope that such an arrangement can be consummated at an early period, with common benefit to both institutions.'^ 1871. July 27. D. Comfort. The Secretary directed to return to Mr. A. G. Mcllwaine the thanks of the Board for the release of the obligation of the Board for the sum of $253, the price paid by him in 1858 to Dr. J. M. P. Atkinson for iij4 acres of land, now held by the College, and for many other favors received from him. Resolved, that the Honl. Hugh Blair Grigsby be requested to deliver, during the next commencement, or at any time he may designate, a discourse on the lives, characters, and services of the founders and earlier Trustees of Hampden Sidney College, and in case of his complying with this request, the Secretary be directed to give him access to the records of the College.^ ■HI Feb. 21. T. T. Tredway. Report of committee on instruction in Modern Languages — this course for the present must be outside the established cur- riculum; the Professor of Latin to be Professor of German, and the Professor of Greek, of French; a two year course in each ; certificate of proficiency to be given those persons whether matriculates or not who attend either or both schools, and stand iQut of considerations of this general matter {e. g., how much geology 'should theological students know, and whether they should be taught geology in theological seminaries) grew the celebrated controversy be- tween Dr. Dabney and Dr. Woodrow, of South Carolina [See Life of Dabney, p. 342, ff]. About this time appeared Dr. Temple's 'Essays and Reviews,' so harmless a book now. "Mr. Grigsby, at this time President of the Virginia Historical Society 'and Chancellor of William and Mary, was living in Charlotte County, a few miles from Hampden Sidney. He had been prepared for Yale College, before 1815, at the Rev. Drury Lacy's 'Ararat' school, very ne-ir ■Hampden Sidney. i6o CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. such examinations as are required of candidates for the degree of B. A. ; tuition fee in each school to be $20 per scholastic year, until otherwise ordered. 1872. June 11-13. D. Comfort. Mr. Addison Hoge elected Professor of Greek.^ Resolution that tuition fee be $75 instead of $50 referred to the special Finance Committee. The Board returns grateful acknowledgments to Prof. Martin for a gift of land. Thanks of the Board returned to Messrs. Stiles and Gilliam, and Judge Watkins, for zealous and efficient exertions in behalf of the claims of Hampden Sidney College to a portion of the Congressional land fund. Curator to pay any fees due by the College to Messrs. Thos. S. Bocock, Kirkpatrick, and Blackford for their services in the case Dickinson vs. H. S. College;^ thanks of the Trustees re- turned to the above named gentlemen for the zeal and ability with which they advocated the cause of the College. Thanks also to Messrs Irving and McKinney, Henry, and Watkins for similar services performed gratuitously at the trial of the same cause in the Court of P'rince Edward. In the opinion of the Board it is important that the cause of the College, its needs, its merits, and its claims, be made known as far as possible to the Presbyterian Church South. President Atkinson requested to attend the meetings of Synods and Pres- byteries whenever possible without neglecting other duties ; ex- penses necessarily incurred to be a charge upon the College Treasury. Tuition to be $60, to take effect in the session of 1873^4. >■♦»■ 1873. Jan. 14. D. Comfort. Correspondence recorded, with regard to the transfer by Major Joseph Cloyd, of Dublin, Pulaski Co., to the Trustees of Hampden Sidney College of the residue of his subscription to ' ^Professor Addison Hogue (1872-1886), now Corcoran Professor of Creek at Washington and Lee University, was a graduate of the College, class of 1869; University of Virginia, 1869-72; on leave of absence in Europe 1883-1885; Professor of Greek and Latin, University of Mis- sissippi, 1886-93; since 1893, Professor at Washington and Lee Univer- sity; author of Irregular Verbs of Attic Prose. 'This case came on in Prince Edward County Circuit Court, of which Mr. Dickinson (a Trustee of the College) was Judge. The suit was brought for James M. Booker, and the Judge not feeling at liberty to sit, the case was transferred, March, 1871, to the Circuit Court of the City of Lynchburg. The papers are on file at Lynchburg. Thomas S. Bocock, a graduate of the College, 1838, had been Speaker of the Confederate Congress. itiiL L.ui.i.iiuiL yjr HAMPDflEN-SIDNEY. i6i the Theological Seminary (now defunct) of the United Synod of the Presbyterian Church. Thanks of the Board due and tendered to Major Joseph Qoyd for his generous contribution, and also to the Revd. T. W. Hooper for his zeal and fidelity to the College in securing this donation of funds. The Treasurer, with Major C. S. Carrington and F. N. Watkins a committee of the Board to represent the College, if they shall deem it wise, in the February conference of the State and its creditors. The Revd. J. D. Mitchell appointed General Agent of the College, with a salary of $1500 and travelling expenses.^ The Revd. H. M. White and the Revd. E. H. Harnett requested to act as agents within the bounds of Abingdon Presbytery, at five per cent, commissions and travelling expenses. 1873. June 10-12. A. G. Mcllwaine. Messrs. Moth, Dalby, and Bigelow of Farmville thanked for their generous and gratuitous publication of the prospectus of Hampden Sidney in a publication to be circulated in America and Europe.^ Suggestion of Executive Committee approved, for calling a convention of the Elders and Deacons and other friends of the College. The Curator directed to insure the College. The committee to whom was referred that part of the President's report, which refers to an additional endowment (of $200,000) to the College, made a report which was read and adopted. On motion. Dr. J. M. P. Atkinson, A. G. Mcllwaine, Chas. S. Carrington, S. W. Venable, M. L. Lacy, P. B. Price, D. B. Ewing, and G. W. Finley (3 members to constitute a quorum) were appointed a committee on the endowment fund of $200,000. iThe Rev. Jacob Duche Mitchell, D. D., born in Philadelphia, 1806; a graduate of Princeton and of Princeton Seminary; a minister in Bedford County, Va., for many years, and pastor of the Second Presbyterian ' Church, Lynchburg, 1852-69; died at Alexandria, Va., 1877. "Alfred Moth, who later returned to England, was the Cashier of the English-American Bank established about this time at Farmville. Messrs. I>alby and Bigelow were a firm of real estate agents, whose business lay particularly in bringing in settlers from the British Isles. A great many settlers, very desirable citizens, were brought in, taking up lands in Southside Virginia and throughout the State. It was the first of such movements after the war. Unfortunately not a great number of these settlers stayed in the country south of James River. A detailed account of this movement would form matter of great interest. See Univ. of Va., Alumni Bulletin, IV, 69 — 'The Second Coming of the English to Virginia.' i62 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1874. June 9-11. D. Comfort. The President made his annual report which was received and referred to a committee, and that portion of the report, referring to a connexion with the Synod of Virginia was re- ferred to a committee consisting of M. D. Hoge, F. N. Watkins,, and W. W. Henry. .... All agents authorized to receive Virginia bonds in payment, of subscriptions at their par value. The committee on that portion of President Atkinson's report referring to a connexion with the Synod of Va., m"ade a report through their chairman, Dr. M. D. Hoge, as follows — The Trustees of Hampden Sidney College have been greatly- gratified to learn that such a cordial interest was expressed in- the welfare of their institution by the Synod of Virginia at its last meeting. Appreciating as we do, all the aid, material and moral, which that venerable Court can give to the College, we accept with gratitude the assurance of its readiness not only- to continue its favor but to enter upon such new relations as- may be consistent with the Constitution of the Church and with the interests of the College. This Board would readily consent to the specific proposition, to give to the Synod of Virginia a veto power in the election of Trustees, were our individual feelings of confidence in the Synod and our grateful regard for its kind intentions towards the College alone to be considered. But in view of the fact that many members of the Synod itself were doubtful as to the propriety of assuming any ecclesiastical control of the College, and of the additional fact that not only would the consent of the Legislature of Virginia be required to give sanction to such an arrangement, but that any proposition of the kind would be certainly met with earnest opposition in that body, the Board' deems it inexpedient at present to encounter the risk of the rejection of such a measure by the Legislature of the State. Now, we hold our Charter by a secure tenure, but any change in its terms and conditions might render it liable to repeal or amendment at any future time, inasmuch as by a general statute in force since 1869, all acts of incorporation such as the one suggested to the Synod of Virginia are liable to be amended, altered, or rejected at the will of the Legislature, and if th^. College were to refuse to accept such amendment thereafter, it would be liable to forfeit its Charter ; and we therefore deem it wisest to seek no changes which might expose us to such a hazard. Moreover, if what the honored Synod of Virginia desired, is some guarantee of the true Presbyterian character of the College, this Board is ready to give pledges, which its Con- stitution will permit, and to the utmost limit of that permission. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 163 We do not believe that any education is healthful which is not Christian, that any education is likely to be Christian which is not denominational, and while our College is not sectarian, we do most heartily and unequivocally aver and announce that Hamp- den Sidney College is denominationally Presbyterian in its tradi- tions, in its associations,' in its present organization, and that it is the fixed purpose of its Board of Trustees, by the exertion of every legitimate influence, to maintain the distinctively Presby- terian character in all future time. We take advantage of this opportunity to express to the venerable Synod of Virginia our heartfelt gratitude for its in- terest in our College, an interest manifested in so many ways and now measured by nearly a century of years, and at the same time with just pride to express the conviction that our College is, because of its past services to the Church, because of its present admirable organization, high standard of scholarship, and the healthful Christian influence which pervades it, an insti- tution every way worthy of the benefits which the powerful patronage of the Synod can confer on it. On motion. Resolved, That the Clerk furnish Revd. M. D. Hoge, D. D., with a certified copy of this Minute, and that Dr. Hoge communicate the same to the Synod of Virginia and to the public in such terms and manner as to him may seem expedient.^ ■ 'It is pertinent to assemble a few opinions on this subject. I. Dr. Thornwell [at that time President of the College of South Carolina], 1853: A College knows nothing of denominations, except as a feature in the history of the human race; but it does not follow that a College must be necessarily atheistic or unchristian. What is wanted is the pervading influence of religion as a life. * * * Apart from the principle in- volved, I have other objections to sectarian education. I say sectarian education; for the Church, as catholic and one, in the present condition of things, is not visible and corporate. What she does, can only be done through the agency of one or more of the various fragments into which she has been suffered to split. In the first place, it is evident, from the feebleness of the sects, that these colleges cannot be very largely endowed. In the next place, they are likely to be numer- ous. From these causes will result a strenuous competition for patronage; and from this, two effects may be expected to follow: first, the depression of the general standard of education, so as to allure students to their halls; and next, the preference of what is ostentatious and attractive in education, to what is solid and substantial. * * * I think, too, that the tendency of sectarian Colleges, to per- petuate the strife of sects, to fix whatever is heterogeneous in the ele- ments of national character, and to alienate the citizens from each other, is a consideration not to be overlooked. [Life of Thornwell, Richmond, 1875. pp. 335. 337-] ' Asked to lend his assistance to a plan for founding a Presbyterian i64 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Mr. Hugh Blair Grigsby was invited to sit with the Board and confer with them on the subject of the Centenary celebration next year. Resolved, that M. D. Hoge, D. D., Chas. S. Carrington, W. W. Henry, and Pres't J. M. P. Atkinson be constituted an Executive Committee on endowment and agencies, with authority to appoint a secretary if necessary, two of whom shall constitute a quorum. The following special agents were also appointed, viz. — Revd. D. B. Ewing, Abingdon and Montgomery Presbyteries " P. B. Price, Lexington and Winchester " " J. C. Brown and M. L. Lacy, Greenbrier " T. T. Tredway, Esqr., Roanoke and West Hanover " J. R. Wilson, South of Virginia " Revd. B. M. Smith, New York " J. D. Mitchell, Pennsylvania. With Salaries of lo per cent on all collections. University for the Confederate States [1861], 'Dr. Thornwell replied, that he would do so cordially, provided it were not made a Church insti- tution, organized and controlled by the Church, through her courts. He thought a University might be created by the Presbyterian people of the land, which should be penetrated by their influence and piety, without contravening the principle, for which he had always contended, that the Church, as such, should not embark in the business of general education.' [Ibid., p. 328.] 2. Dr. William H. Ruffrier, 1893: A college backed by the State or backed by the Church, has certain advantages peculiar to itself, but the college that is thrown upon its own merits, and moves on an independent and elevated plane, has some advantages possessed by no other, and if it strikes the right key may surpass all others. IJVashington and Lee Historical Papers, No. 4, p. 41.] 3. Dr. Pritchett, President of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advance- ment of Teaching, 1908: No denomination can in the future expect to control a College and at the same time call on the public to support it. * * * It is no part of Christian education to hold control of a college and leave it to starve. No gain in college support can compensate for a loss in college integrity. * * * Nor ought this question in my judgment, whether settled in the one way or the other, to disturb the friendly relations between a denomination and a college which has grown up under its nurture and been inspired by its spirit. [Relations of Christian Denominations to Colleges, p. 17, etc.] 4. Cyclopaedia of Education [Macmillan], Vol. II, 1911: The undenominational small college has a place so secure and so important that all the tendencies to-day in large colleges and in pro- fessional schools are seeming only to strengthen it against its real and supposed dangers. [cf. Nation, vol. 93, p. 608 — Dec. 21, 191 1.] See also, Maclean, History of the College of New Jersey, II, 13-21 ; 330-335- W. W. Henry. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 165 Appointment of Revd. J. D. Mitchell as General Agent re- voked; his salary of $1500 to be paid from his own future col- lections. Committee appointed by the Elders and Deacons Convention recognised by the Board and invited to co-operate with the Executive Committee on endowment and agencies located in Richmond. Agents to sell perpetual scholarships. Committee to mature a plan of scholarships, for the endowment of the College and to report the condition of scholarships already sold. Faculty authorized to allow organization of mess clubs among the students, in such basement rooms as are not otherwise occu- pied. I 1875. Apr. 14. D. Comfort. Rfesolved, 1st That hereafter the foundation of the institution shall be dated from the year 1776, when it was first opened for students, rather than from 1775, when the appointment of the first trustees and teachers took place. Resolved 2nd, That the Centennial of the College shall be celebrated in June 1876. 1 1875. June 7-10. D. Comfort. A report of the Superintendent of the Mess was presented and ordered to be filed. Prof. L. L. HoUaday and F. N. Watkins a Committee to cause a Catalogue of the Alumni and former students, Trustees, Faculty &c &c to be prepared and published, with such brief notices as to them may seem proper, and that the Committee be authorised to employ assistance of clerks and others, and that the Treasurer pay the costs. The reports of the Professors approved, and their diligence commended. Sections 6. 7. 8. and 9 of the Act for Establishing Scholar- ships of Nov. 4. 1868 [rescinded June 1869] amended and. re- enacted regarding perpetual scholarships. Committee, under the advice of counsel, to cause some public record to be made of the Trust Fund created by the Ordinance of the Trustees for the establishment of scholarships, so that the fund may not be subject to debts or liabilities of the corpora- tion, securing its future appropriation solely to the ends for which the Trust is created. If this cannot be done by existing law, the committee to secure if practicable the necessary legisla- tion. i66 CALENDAR! OF BOARD MINUTES. 1875. July 5. F. N. Watkins. Amendment of the Act of June 9, 1875, establishing scholar- ships: conditions of perpetual scholarships. Treasurer authorized to recall certificates of perpetual scholar- ships already issued (by the consent of the holders) and issue new certificates under the Act of this day — ^Act providing that such scholarships may descend, be bequeathed, or be assigned. Thanks of the Board tendered to Mr. John L. Weeks of Bal- timore for his donation to the College. 1875. Nov. 18. F. D. Irving. A letter read from Burwell B. Wilkes, Esqr., of Brunswick Co., enclosing a letter from Revd. T. P. Hunt, D. D., proposing a donation to Hampden Sidney College of $500. The President of the College directed to return the thanks of the College to Revd. T. P. Hunt for his generous donation.^ Permission to be asked to use the buildings of the Union Theological Seminary for guests at the next annual Commence- ment. This meeting having been informed that a large number of the Trustees concur in the opinion that it is expedient to appoint President Atkinson a General Agent of the College in the effort to increase its endowment. Resolved, that President Atkinson be appointed a General Agent, with authority to appoint sub- agents, who are to settle with and be compensated by him. The President authorized to make all proper arrangements for in- struction in his department during his absence, said instructors to be compensated out of the percentages and allowances here- inafter granted to him as General Agent. The compensation of the General Agent to be: Ten per cent on the amount of all subscriptions, payable on collection, and $20 on each perpetual scholarship sold; salary as President allowed during agency. 1876. June 12-15. Mr. Comfort. R. C. Anderson. A. G. Mcllwaine, Esqr., by letter resigned the office of Trustee which was reluctantly accepted — 'We return him our heartfelt ^Mr. Hunt's Reminiscences (Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1901) show in many passages his affectionate regard for the scenes of his youth — he was a step-son of Dr. Moses Hoge. His life, spent largely as a temperance lecturer, was a very busy one. For some time during the war he was chaplain to the 2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, being mustered out at Petersburg, not very far from his early home in Prince Edward. When Lafayette College was engaged in the scholarships scheme, Mr. Hunt was one of the agents — "it was the hardest work I was ever engaged in," he said. There is a portrait of hitn at the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia. He was a genuine reformer. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 167 thanks for his genial society, his wise and prudent counsel, his regular annual attendance, his untiring devotion, and his gen- erous liberality to our beloved institution.' The committee appointed to consider the reports of the Presi- dent and the Chairman of the Faculty pro tem. have maturely considered these papers. These reports set forth the fact that in the main the students have shewn themselves well disposed, and that as a body they will compare favorably with any other like collection of youths in the country, but there has been some dissipation among them and a few cases of folly inexcusable. Committee to take into consideration and digest a plan for the introduction into the curriculum of the College of a course in English, including the Bible as one of the text books ; to report at the next annual meeting of the Board.^ Curator to re-lease the College Hotel [late Steward's Hall] ■upon the same terms as this year. For the next year the rent of rooms used for messing purposes to be remitted. A house for Professor Blair to be purchased or erected. Archives of H. S. College bearing date 1777: 1778: 1785 were presented by N. F. Cabell, Esqr., of Nelson County, Va and the thanks of the Board returned to Mr. Cabell for the same. Revd. T. W. Hooper appointed to prepare and record in a suitable book a History of this Commencement. Resolved, that the President of the College be requested to take steps to get for the College an autograph letter and a por- trait of each of the Presidents of the College, from its founda- tion, and any relics of said Presidents which may be of interest. Resolved, that the Revd. R. L. Dabney, D. D. be requested to furnish a copy of the sermon preached on last Sabbath ; and that the Honl. Hugh Blair Grigsby, the Revd. W. U. Murkland, D. D., the Revd. M. D. Hoge, D. D., and the Honl. J. W. Stevenson ■fae requested to furnish each a copy of his address delivered 'President Smith's advertisement of 1775 contains the statement : ■"The system of education will resemble that which is adopted in the College of New Jersey, save that a more particular attention shall be paid to the cultivation of the English language than is usually done in places of public education.'' During the hundred years, what with formal instruction, dissertations, compositions, orations and the work of the literary societies, the English language had not been neglected, and of this there is abundant proof. In the catalogues after 1876 English is mentioned specifically for the first time in 1881 — "the studies in English are for the present conducted by Professors Atkinson, Kemper and Holladay," five hours a week. The next year (1882) Professor Currell (a graduate of Washington and Lee and now Professor there), began work in the department of English. i68 CALENDAR! OF BOARD MINUTES. upon this occasion,^ for publication in a Centennial volume, and that Richard Mcllwaine, D. D., J. L. Weeks, A. W. Pitzer, and W. U. Murkland, D. D., be appointed a committee to make ar- rangements for its publication. The Trustees, after a full consideration of the question of the wisest agency to complete the endowment of the College, feel that the best interests of the institution demand that Dr. Atkin- son should continue as General Agent until it shall seem expe- dient to resume the duties of his Professorship and the Presi- dency, not limiting the result of his agency to securing the sum of $50,000, the terms of compensation for his services to be those presented by the action of the Board in November 1875. The committee on the Treasurer's Report made a report which was received, approved, and ordered to be recorded at length : — It appears from the report of the Treasurer that the assets of the College, upon which we can rely for an annual income are as follows: First old registered Va. bonds, bearing 6 pr. cent Virginia Consols. Missouri Coupon bond S. S. Rail Road bonds Farmville Insurance Stodk John H. Flood's bonds Planters' Bank certificates, bearing 6 pr. cent. Planters' Bank certificates, bearing 5% Regd. Bond 3917 Showing total amount Amount Income $70,550.00 11,300.00 1,000.00 600.00 $4,233.00 550.00 60.00 35-00 100.00 6.00 400.00 24.00 2,267.02 136.02 3>53i-94 3-33 175-39 •^9 $89,192.29 $5,219.60 Besides the above, the Treasurer holds certificates No. 6339 and 3729 amounting to $7,151.67, which is contingent upon set- tlement of public debt between West Va. and Va. and the mar- ket value of which is about $570. Besides he holds two certifi- cates as of past due interest from the State of Virginia for $103 each, making $206, the market value for which is $ also 'Mr. Grigsby's Address has not yet been published. This was the last of his important papers, and the only one unpublished. A very good summary of Mr. Stevenson's Address is to be found in the manuscript history of this Commencement. Mr. Stevenson (the son of Andrew Stevenson, minister to England) was a student at the College 1827-29; at this time he was a member of the Senate, from Kentucky. Dr. Murk- land (class of 1862) was later a member of the Board of Trustees. Richard McIlwaine. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 169 two certificates of perpetual scholarships in La Payette College, Pa., valued at $1000. The report of the General Agent shows a subscription on the part of the friends of the College, in Virginia Consols, other securities, and cash, amounting to $41,315.56^ as follows — Subscription in Va. Consols $19,070.00 To be paid at various times in cash 20,645.56 In doubtful bonds 1,600.00 The fidelity and energy of President Atkinson in the discharge of this important duty calls for an expression of our apprecia- tion of his faithfulness, efficiency, and zeal on behalf of the insti- tution over which he presides. Your committee [A. D. Dickin- son, J. P. Fitzgerald, H. S. Reynolds] recommend that Presi- dent Atkinson be requested to go forward in the prosecution of the work which we hope he has but just begun. Treasurer to pay $30 to the Committee of Arrangements for music; Curator to pay annually, out of any funds not other- wise appropriated, the sum of $50 to aid in providing music for the Commencement exercises. ^Amount raised within seven months. See History of the Centennial Commencement [Manuscript] by Dr. Hooper, p. 6. TRUSTEES: 1775-1876. [If there has been neglect in preserving records of the Trustees as individuals, it is traceable to themselves alone. How- ever, meagre as the records are, in one item (that of their inter- relationships) more has been worked out regarding the Trustees of Hampden Sidney than perhaps for any other similar body of men in this country. In four articles in the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (vol. VI, 1898-1899) the late Pro- fessor Herineman has put together the results of a very dose in- vestigation to show the genealogy of the members of this Board of Trustees, how intimately related these men have been, and particularly during the period ending with 1876. The total number of Trustees appointed before 1876 was one hundred and fifty six. Of these certainly one hundred were alumni of some college : ninety two are known to have been, ap- portioned as follows — Hampden Sidney 49 Princeton 17 Washington and Lee 9 Yale 3 University of Virginia 3 William and Mary 2 Centre 2 Union, Dartmouth, Jefferson, Amherst, South Hanover, University of North Carolina, Marion i each.] 1775-1779. SAMUEL STANHOPE SMITH P'RESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY. Princeton, 1769; President of the College of New Jersey, 1795-1812. 1775. SAMUEL LEAKE Princeton, 1764; Presbyterian minister, Albe- marle County; d. Dec. 2, 1775. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. i/r 1775-1782. CALEB WALLACE Princeton, 1770; Presbyterian minister, Char- lotte County; Judge, Court of Appeals, Ken- tucky. [Cf. Life and Times of Judge Caleb Wallace. By William H. Whitsitt. Louisville. 1888. Filson Club Publications No. 4] 1775 . JOHN TABB Member, House of Burgesses, Amelia County; Member, Convention of 1776; died c. 1798.^ 1779-1791. JOHN BLAIR SMITH PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY AND OF THE COLLEGE. Princeton, 1773; President of Union College, New York, 1795- 1799. 1775-1799. PATRICK HENRY Governor of Virginia, &c. &c. 1775-1798. WILLIAM CABELL Member, House of Burgesses, Amherst County; Member, Convention of 1776 &c. [Cf. The Cab ells and their Kin. By Alexander Brown. Boston. 1895. pp. 75-130] 1775-1818. PAUL CARRINGTON Member, House of Burgesses, Charlotte County ; Member, Convention of 1776; Judge of the General Court &c. [Cf. Discourse on the Virginia Contention of 1776. By Hugh Blair Grigsby. Richmond. 1855. PP- 97-105] 1783-1805. ROBERT LAWSON Colonel, Fourth Virginia, Continental line; Brigadier General, Virginia line; Member, Convention of 1788 ; Council of State. 'These four were Trustees before the Qiarter. Apparently John Tabb resigned. There is no record of his resignation, but he was not continued as a Charter Trustee. 172 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1775-1820. JAMES MADISON President of the United States. Princeton, 1771. 1775-1802. JOHN NASH Member, House of Burgesses, Prince Edward County. 1775-1804. NATHANIEL VENABLE Member, House of Burgesses, Prince Edward County. 1783-1802. EVERARD MEADE Harrow School ; Major, Staff of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln; Member of the Senate (Virginia), Amelia County. 1783-1807. JOEL WATKINS Charlotte. County; Colonel, Charlotte Militia, 1780. 1775-1795. JAMES VENABLE Prince Edward County; removed to Kentucky. 1775-1815. FRANCIS WATKINS Deputy Clerk and Clerk, Prince Edward County Court, 1767-1825. 1775-1796. JOHN MORTON Captain, Fourth Virginia, Continental line. [Cf. Virginia Magazine of History, XVII. 305 ff.] 1782-1812. WILLIAM MORTON Charlotte County; Captain, Charlotte militia, 1780-81. 1775-1817. THOMAS READ Qerk, Charlotte County Court; Member, Con- vention of 1776. [Cf. Discourse on the Virginia Convention of 1776. By Hugh Blair Grigsby, pp. 105-109] 1782-1784. WILLIAM BOOKER Prince Edward County ; Member, Convention of 1776. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 173 1782-1805. THOMAS SCOTT Member, House of Burgesses, Prince Edward County. 1782-1793. JAMES ALLEN Prince Edward County. 1782-1816. CHARLES ALLEN Prince Edward County; Treasurer of the Col- lege. 1782-1821. SAMUEL WOODSON VENABLE Princeton, 1780; War of the Revolution; mer- chant, Prince Edward County. 1782-1795. JOSEPH PARKS Prince Edward County; apparently removed to Georgia. 1783-1810. RICHARD FOSTER Prince Edward County; d. 1818. 1775-1786. PETER JOHNSTON b. Edinburgh, Scotland; member, House of Burgesses, Prince Edward County; donor of the first College land. ' 1775-1789. RICHARD SANKEY b. in the North of Ireland; Presbyterian minis- ter, Buffalo Church, Prince Edward County. [Cf. Magazine, XVJI] 1775-1793. JOHN TODD Princeton, 1749; Presbyterian minister, Louisa County. [Cf. Magazine, XVII] 1775-1783. DAVID RICE Princeton, 1761 ; Presbyterian minister ; removed to Kentucky. [Cf. History of Higher Education in Kentucky. Bulletin, Bureau of Education, pp. 38, 39, 46, 47.] 174 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1775-1795. ARCHIBALD McROBERT b. in Scotland ; minister. Dale Parish, Chesterfield County, and St. Patrick's Parish, Prince Ed- ward County; Independent minister, 1779- 1787; Presbyterian minister, 1787-1807.^ 1784 . RICHARD BIBB Prince Edward County. 1784 .) WILLIAM COWAN 1790 . ) Lunenburg County. c. 1789-1792. JOHN FONTAINE Prince Edward County. c. 1790-1792. JOSEPH MOORE Prince Edward County. 1790-1811. ABRAHAM B. VENABLE Princeton, 1780; United States Senate. c. 1791-1806. JOHN B. SCOTT Prince Edward County, and Halifax County; Marshal, U. S. District Court, at trial of Aaron Burr. 1792-1835. JAMES MORTON Prince Edward County ; officer. Fourth Virginia, War of the Revolution. ^Of the twenty seven Charter Trustees above listed (given in the sequence of the Charter), Carrington, Nash, the two Venables, Francis Watkins, John Morton, Read, Johnston, Sankey, and Todd were original Academy Trustees appointed by the Presbytery of Hanover Feb. 2, 1775. Henry, Cabell, Madison, Rice, and McRobert were added by the Pres- bytery, Nov. 8, 177s as were William Morton, Booker, Scott, the two Aliens, Samuel W. Venable, and Parks, Dec. 19, 1782. The Board appointed Meade, Joel Watkins, and Foster, April 22, 1783. Smith (Academy Trustee since 1779 ex officio) and Lawson were included at the time of the incorporation. May, 1783. The Presbytery had waived its right of appointment, before the Charter. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 175 1792-1839. RICHARD N. VENABLE Princeton, 1782; Prince Edward County; Mem- ber, Convention of 1829. 1792-1812. JOSEPH VENABLE Princeton, 1783; removed to Kentucky; Judge. 1795-1806. ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Liberty Hall Academy, 1788. 1795-1815. JACOB MORTON Charlotte County ; officer, Charlotte militia. War of the Revolution. 1795-1819. CHARLES SCOTT Prince Edward County (and Halifax County?) 1795-1836. CLEMENT CARRINGTON Hampden Sidney Academy, 1776; Charlotte County. [Cf. Virginia Historical Register. II. 166] 1796-1803. ROBERT L. SMITH (A brother of Samuel Stanhope and John Blair Smith ; Physician, Prince Edward County ; re- moved from the State. 1796-1827. MATTHEW LYLE Liberty Hall Academy, c. 1788; Presbyterian Minister, Prince Edward County (Buffalo and Briery churches). 1803-1836. GOODRIDGE WILSON Physician, Prince Edward County. 1803-1814. PAUL CARRINGTON, JR. Charlotte County; Judge, General Court. 1803-1816. DRURY LACY Acting President of the College, 1789-1796; Presbyterian minister. Prince Edward County. 176 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1803-1835. WILLIAM MORTON WATKINS Hampden Sidney 1791, Princeton 1792; Char- lotte County. 1803-1823. ISAAC READ Charlotte County. 1805-1830. JAMES BRUCE Halifax County. 1807-1831. JOHN HOLT RICE Liberty Hall Academy, c. 1794; Tutor in the College, 1796-1804 ; organizer of Union Theo^- logical Seminary, Virginia. 1807-1823. WILLIAM L. VENABLE Hampden Sidney, 1800 ; Prince Edward County. 1807-1831. ) HENRY E. WATKINS 1836-1853. J Princeton, 1801 ; Prince Edward County. 1807-1820. MOSES HOGE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Liberty Hall Academy, c. 1780. 1809-1830. WILLIAM H. CABELL Hampden Sidney, and W'lliam and Mary; gov- ernor of Virginia &c. 1812-1843. WILLIAM BERKELEY Prince Edward County; Treasurer of Virginia, c. 1798. 1812-1840. JAMES JONES Hampden Sidney, 1791 ; University of Edin- burgh (M. D.), 1796; Council of State, and United States Congress; Nottoway County. 1812-1827. THOMAS A. MORTON Prince Edward County and Cumberland County. 1816-1837. HENRY A. WATKINS Hampden Sidney, 1793 ; Charlotte County. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 177 1816-1820. WILLIAM S. LACY Hampden Sidney, 181 1; Presbyterian minister, Arkansas, [cf. Union Seminary Magazine, IV, 75-83; V, I-IO.] 1816-1865. WILLIAM S. MORTON Hampden Sidney c. 1801 ; Prince Edward County and Cumberland County; Physician. 1816-1844. JAMES H. FITZGERALD Cumberland County, and Fredericksburg, [cf. Foote's Sketches of Virginia, II, 594-596] 1816-1824. CARTER PAGE William and Mary, 1772; Cumberland County. 1819-1848. JOHN P. WILSON Cumberland County. 1819 . THOMAS MILLER Powhatan County. 1819-1841. JAMES MADISON Prince Edward County. 1820-1829. WILLIAM A. CARRINGTON Charlotte County. 1820-1839. WILLIAM S. ARCHER Hampden Sidney, c. 1805; William and Mary; United States Senate; Amelia County. 1820-1847. SAMUEL BRANCH Buchingham County. 1821-1850. WILLIAM S. REID Princeton, 1802 ; Tutor in the College and acting President (1806); Presbyterian minister, Lynchburg. 1821-1835. JONATHAN P. CUSHING PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Dartmouth, 1817. 178 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1823-1839. HENRY N. WATKINS Hampden Sidney, 1807; Prince Edward County. 1823-1830. JOHN MILLER Powhatan County. 1825-1850. WILLIAM NELSON PAGE Hampden Sidney, 182 1 ; Cumberland County. 1827-1847. NATHANIEL E. VENABLE Hampden Sidney, 1808; Prince Edward County. 1827-1846. HENRY CARRINGTON Hampden Sidney, 1812; Charlotte County. 1829-1840. EDWARD CODRINGTON CARRINGTON Halifax County. 1830-1844. WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON Cumberland County. 1830-1847. WILLIAM MAYO ATKINSON Princeton, 1814; Lawyer, Petersburg; Presby- terian minister (1833-1849) Winchester. 1831-1839. BENJAMIN F. STANTON Union College, 181 1; Presbyterian minister. New York, Connecticut, and Prince Edward County. 1831-1865. SAMUEL CLOUGH ANDERSON Hampden Sidney, 1817; Prince Edward County, [of. Dabney's Discussions, IV, 476-488] 1831-1848. ASA DUPUY Prince Edward County. 1835-1841. GEORGE MORTON PAYNE Hampden Sidney, 1814; Buckingham County. 1835-1838. DANIEL LYNN CARROLL PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Jefiferson College, 1823. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 179 1836 Before 1849. PAUL S. CARRINGTON Charlotte County. 1836-1844. WILLIAM MAXWELL Yale 1802; Norfolk; PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE 1838-1844; Editor, Virginia His- torical Register. 1837-1844. JAMES D. WOOD Hampden Sidney, 181 5; Prince Edward County. 1839-1844. ISAAC READ Hampden Sidney, 1813; Charlotte County. llltlm } THEODORICK PRYOR Hampden Sidney, 1826; Presbyterian minister, Nottoway County. 1839 . Before 1849. FRANCIS B. DEANE Hampden Sidney, 1816; Lynchburg. 1839-1866. JAMES P. MARSHALL Charlotte County. 1841-1847. PATRICK JONES SPARROW _ Bethel Academy, South CaroHna, c. 1819; Pro- fessor, Davidson College, North Carolina, 1837-1840; PRESIDENT OF THE COL- LEGE, 1 845- 1 847; Presbyterian minister. 1841-1877. DAVID COMFORT Princeton, 1826; Charlotte County. (Born in New Jersey) 1841-1847. WILLIAM SWAN PLUMER Washington College, 1825; Presbyterian minis- ter, Danville, Charlotte County, Petersburg, Richmond, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. 1841-1867. JESSE S. ARMISTEAD Hampden Sidney, 1823; Presbyterian minister, Cumberland County. i8o CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1841-1851. GEORGE FITZGERALD Hampden Sidney, 1827; Nottoway County; Physician. 1842-1847. JOHN ANTHONY SMITH Lunenburg County. 1844-1849. WILLIAM B. SMITH [Hampdeji Sidney, c. 1804?] ; Cumberland County; Physician. 1844-1867. ISAAC COLES CARRINGTON Hampden Sidney, 1830; Charlotte County. 1844-1866. JOHN B. McPHAIL Yale, ; Halifax County. 1844-1870. PEYTON RANDOLPH BERKELEY Hampden Sidney, 1824 ; Prince Edward County ; Physician. 1844-1853 ] FRANCIS NATHANIEL WATKINS 1866-1885 ) Amherst, 1832; Prince Edward County. 1844-1849. NATHANIEL A. VENABLE Hampden Sidney, 1832; Prince Edward County and Lunenburg County; Physician. 1844-1865. COLIN STOKES Lunenburg County. 1844-1850. JOHN LEYBURN Princeton, 1833; Presbyterian minister; Secre- tary, Board of Publication of the Presbyterian Church. 1847-1855. WILLIAM H. PATELLO Hampden Sidney, 1834; Charlotte County; Phy- sician. 1847-1851. SAMUEL LYLE GRAHAM Washington College, 1814; Professor, Union Theological Seminary. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. i8i 1847-1852. RICHARD J, H. HATCHETT Hampden Sidney, 1834; Lunenburg County; Physician. 1847-1906. ROBERT C. ANDERSON Hampden Sidney, 1836; Prince Edward County. 1847-1884. ASA DUPUY DICKINSON Hampden Sidney, 1836 ; Prince Edward Cbunty. 1847-1856. THOMAS M. BONDURANT Buckingham County. 1847-1865. SAMUEL DA VIES STUART Centre College, Kentucky, 1833 ; Princeton Semi- nary 1838; Presbyterian minister. Prince Ed- ward County &c. 1848-1870. TRAVIS H. EPES Nottoway County. 1848-1876. ARCHIBALD GRAHAM McILWAINE Born at Londonderry, Ireland; Petersburg. 1849-1856. LEWIS WARNER GREEN ^ PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Centre, 1824. 1849-1872. THOMAS E. PERKINSON Prince Edward County. 1849-1851. S. J. P. ANDERSON South Hanover College, Indiana, c. 1834; Pres- byterian minister, Norfolk and St. Louis. 1850-1866.. ALFRED BOYD Mecklenburg County. 1850-1852. SAMUEL M. McCORKLE Lynchburg. 1851-1869. WILLIAM HENRY FOOTE Yale, 1816; Presbyterian minister, Romney. Virginia [W. Va]. i82 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1851-1859. JOHN THRUSTON THORNTON Hampden Sidney, 1842 ; Prince Edward County ; Lt.-Colonel C. S. A. (killed at Antietam' — cf. Dabney's Discussions, IV, 453-469] . 1851-1867. EDWIN G. BOOTH Nottoway County. 1852-1857. HENRY FLOOD BOCOCK Washington College, 1841; Appomattox County. 1852-1899. MOSES DRURY HOGE Hampden Sidney, 1839; Presbyterian minister, Richmond. 1852-1858 THOMAS STANHOPE FLOURNOY Hampden Sidney, 1831 ; Halifax County. 1853-1867. STEPHEN O. SOUTHALL Hampden Sidney, 1835 ; Prince Edward County; after 1867, Professor, University of Virginia. 1854-1867. GEORGE D. ARMSTRONG Princeton, 1832; Professor Washington Col- lege; Presbyterian minister, Norfolk. 1855-1874. ROBERT A. PATTERSON Hampden Sidney, 1848; Lunenburg County; Physician. 1857-1883. JOHN MAYO PLEASANTS ATKINSON PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. Hampden Sidney, 1835. 1858-1900. HENRY STOKES University of Virginia ; Prince Edward County. 1858-1867. FRANCIS BENJAMIN WATKINS Hampden Sidney, 1834; Prince Edward County &c; Physician. 1858-1885. THOMAS T. TREDWAY Hampden Sidney, 1838; Prince Edward County. THE COLLEGE OF HAMPDEN-SIDNEY. 183 1866-1870. JOHN FINLEY McILWAINE Hampden Sidney, 1858; Petersburg. 1866-1868. ROBERT A. LANCASTER Richmond. 1866-1868. JOHN W. WILSON Washington College, 1848; Pittsylvania County. 1866-1879. JOHN N. FLOOD Lynchburg. 1866-1885. FRANCIS DEANE IRVING Hampden Sidney, 1839; Cumberland County and Prince Edward County. 1866-1895. HENRY S. REYNOLDS Hampden Sidney, 1857; Norfolk. 1867-1873. ROBERT LEWIS DABNEY University of Virginia, 1842; Professor, Union Theological Seminary. 1867-1904. ALEXANDER W. PITZER Hampden Sidney, 1854; Presbyterian minister, Washington, D. C. 1867-1900. WILLIAM WIRT HENRY University of Virginia, 1850; Charlotte County and Richmond; President, American Histori- cal Association &c. 1867-1905. P. B. PRICE Presbyterian minister, Botetourt County. 1867-1881. WILLIAM L. STAMPS University of North Carolina, 1836; Milton, North Carolina; Physician. 1867-1897. SAMUEL WOODSON VENABLE Hampden Sidney, 1842; Petersburg. 1868-1869. JAMES McCHAIN Presbyterian minister, Abingdon. i84 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. 1869-1879. DANIEL B. EWING Marion College, Missouri, 1843; Presbyterian minister, Virginia, West Virginia, and Ken- tucky. 1870-1904. RICHARD McILWAINE Hampden Sidney. 1853 ; University of Virginia, and University of Edinburgh; PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE, 1883-1904. 1870-1898. JOHN PATERSON FITZGERALD Hampden Sidney, 1857; Lieut. Colonel, C. S. A., Prince Edward County. 1870-1891. CHARLES SCOTT CARRINGTON Hampden Sidney, 1839; Richmond; Major, C. S. A. 1870-^ . THOMAS WILLIAMSON HOOPER Hampden Sidney, 1855 ; Presbyterian minister, Christianburg &c. 1870-1872. ABNER CRUMP HOPKINS Hampden Sidney, 1855; C. S. A., Presbyterian minister, Charlestown, West Virginia. 1871-1903. GEORGE W. FINLEY Washington College, 1858; Captain, C. S. A., Presbyterian minister, Romney, West Vir- ginia. 1873-1874. JOSEPH CLOYD Pulaski County. 1873-1912. MATTHEW LYLE LACY Hampden Sidney, 1853; Presbyterian minister, Lewisburg, West Virginia. TOPICAL INDEX Absenteeism, 43, 44. advertisement, 48, 49, 76, 83, 84, 104, 146, 161. alumni catalogue, 125, 139, 165. alumni society, 142, 158. amusements, 42, 49, 50, 53, 58, 63, 92, 158. apparatus, 54, SS, 7i, 72, 87, 112, 115, 125, 138. Appomattox lands, 61, 62. Belfry, 103. bell, 59, 60, 64, 107. Church, 72, 85. church illations, 123, 124, 126, 160, 162, 164. Cincinnati Society, 56, 131. civil war, 148, 149, ISO, 151, IS2. Common Hall, 31, 32, 35. costume, 29, 105. curatorship, 26, 35, 47, 71, 105, 124, 127, 139, 154. curriculum, 29, 33, 35, 66, 70, 72, 73, 83, 91, 93, 94, 98, 113, 123, 127, 132, 134. Damages, 41, 43, 7i- dining room, 24, 32, 91, 92. diplomas, 32, 33, 66, 113. disorders, 59, 60, 61, 64 68, 71, 97, 127, 144. Escheats, 37, 40 43, S6, 65, 67. embellishments, 122. endowment (permanent fund), 58, 71, 82, loi, 102, 119, 122, 133, 145, 147, 148, 150, 155, 161, 164, 165, 166, i68, 169. Faculty, 25, 29, 32. 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 4i, 42, 45, 46, 49, S4, 57, 61, 62, 69, n, 75, 88, 89, 95, 96, 98, loi, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, IIS, 116, 119, 120, 122, 123, 126, 128, 132, 134 136, 139, 141, 143, 144, 145, 149, 151, 152, 154, iSS, 156, 159, 167. fire insurance, 56, 86, 144. fives, 50, 53. King's Tavern (French's Store), 33, 34, 43, 47, 69, 71, 92, 96, 103, 108, 112, 138, 148. Gaming, 47- ^ , grammar school (academy, preparatory department), 64 70, 73, 93, 122, 131, 132, 137, 140, 152. Hampden Memorial, 128-130. history, 26, 99, IS9, 167. James River Navigation stock, 45. Laws and ordinances, 29 flf., 42, 43, 48, 53, 59, 60, 63, 64 66, 68, 75, 92, 99, loi, 121, 132, 138, 139, 153, 156. Library, 27, 28, 39, 48, 55, 60, 71, 75, 86, 87, 113, "9, I33, 148. lottery, 23, 26, 27, 34 47- i86 CALENDAR OF BOARD MINUTES. Manual labour, 113. Medical Department, 118, 121, 126, 134, 140, 141. memorials to the Legislature, 20, 26, 27, 28, 37, 38, 40, 47, 48, 50, 62, 69, 70, 74. 81 flf., 88, 98, 99, 102, 109 ff., 116, 132, 134, 136, 139. 142, 157, 160. Mineralogical Society of Virginia, 114. New College, 86, 91, 96, loi. Prayers, 30, 155. President's house, 38, loi, 103, 137. price of boarding, 24, 33, 47, 58, 70, 96, loi, 142, 145. Repairs, 35, 43, 48, 49, 53, 58, 60, 64, 65, 96, 105, 124, 132, 146, 154. room rents, 26, 27, 28, 34, 72, 92, 146. Salary, 46, 47, 48, 52, 55, 61, 62, 72, yd, 92, 97, 100, 103, 107, H2, 115, 118, 119, 123, 125, 129, 13s, 141, 142, 153, ISS, 159- scholarships, 133, i34, I35, 136, I37, 138, I39, 141, I44, MS, 146, IS3, I55. 156, 158, 165, 166. seal, 32. sectarianism, 37, 38, 42. servants, 65, 72, 139, 152. sessions, 91, 133. steward, 22, 24 25, 26, 27, 31, 38, 44, 47, 49, 68, 87, 88, 96, loi, 104, 105, 116, 119, 124, 131, 138, 149, 153- subscriptions, 32, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 49, 58, 64, 65, 70, 73, 74, 84, 96, 100, loi, 113, 121, 125. Theological School, 61, 62, 68, 70, 83, 97, ioo.> tuition money, 22, 31, 36, 37, 46, 48, 55, 64, ^2, 125, 132, 152, 160. University and Colleges, 87-go, 147. Vice President's house, 70, 71. Valedictory, 50.