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JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A. (^tat 67). 
 
 {Fieproihiced by pc 
 
 >n of J. Casxi-a!l SiiiifJi. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A. 
 
 Dkamatic Critic 
 Editor of ' Notes and Queries,' 1883-1907 
 
 AND THE REV. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODFALL EBSWORTH, F.S.A. 
 
 Editor of the Ballad Society's Publications. 
 
 JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS 
 
 ATTTHOB OF 'JOHN FRANCIS AND " THF ATHEN^UM."' 
 
 T. FISHER UNWIN 
 LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE 
 LEIPSIC : INSELSTRASSE 20 
 
 1909 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IN November next Notes and Queries will have arrived at 
 its sixtieth birthday, and although at present there seems 
 no prospect, as some have wished, of a gathering of the 
 clans, I am pleased that in some way its Diamond Jubilee 
 will be commemorated by the publication of these Notes by 
 THE Way. 
 
 Would that our late beloved Editor — but for whom these 
 Notes would never have been put into book form — were with 
 us to give his " band of brothers " his warm handshake, his 
 genial, sympathetic smile, and the kind encouragement he was 
 ever so ready to render to myself and to all ! 
 
 When I told him that his kind words about these Notes 
 had decided me to print them in a separate volume, and to ask 
 him if he would accept the dedication, he expressed great 
 pleasure ; and now they are dedicated to his honoured memory. 
 In compiling the memoir of him I have been much indebted to 
 his brother, Mr. John P. Knight, for reminiscences of his 
 early life. 
 
 Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth, whose untiring work in collecting 
 materials for the Ballad history of Great Britain was beyond all 
 praise, devoted years of his life to the search for old Ballads, 
 
copying them, and cutting the blocks for the illustrations. All 
 this he did for the Ballad Society for years without fee or 
 reward. He was such a warm friend and devoted admirer of 
 Joseph Knight, as will be seen in both memoirs, that I have 
 felt it a pleasure to include the lives of these two friends in 
 the same volume. The happy years of close companionship with 
 our late Editor will be among my choicest memories as long 
 as life shall last. 
 
 As Joseph Knight presided at the Dinner held in 1891 to 
 celebrate the foundation of the first Headers' Pension, and 
 always gratefully acknowledged the services of the proof-reader, 
 I have thought it appropriate that any profits there may be 
 from the sale of this book should be devoted to the Eeaders' 
 Pension Fund. 
 
 I have to acknowledge the great service Mr. John Eandall 
 has rendered me by his suggestions, as well as the care with 
 which he has compiled the Index. 
 
 JOHN COLLINS FKANCIS. 
 
 Florence House, 
 
 Christchurch Koad, 
 
 Streatham Hill, S.W. 
 April, 1909. 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 a*! 
 
 Joseph Knight, ae tat, 67 
 
 Joseph Knight, setat. 17 
 Joseph Knight, aetat. 60 
 Joseph Knight's book-plate 
 Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth, setat 68 
 John. Knox's House ... 
 Ebsworth's Entertainments ... 
 
 Frontispiece 
 
 Facing p. iii 
 „ p. xvii 
 „ p. xxxviii 
 „ p. 287 
 „ p. 293 
 „ p. 294 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 His father and mother — His education — His first poem — " King of 
 the College " — Joins Edward Hewitt in founding a Mechanics' 
 Institute in Leeds — Gives a lecture before the Leeds Philo- 
 sophical and Literary Society on ' The Fairies of English Poetry ' 
 — His marriage — Leaves for London — Succeeds J. A. Heraud 
 as dramatic critic of The AthencBum — Banquet to the Com^die 
 FranQaise — Reviews the French Academy's Dictionary in 
 The AthencBum — Also ' Hypnerotomachia Pohphili ' — Writes 
 obituary notice of Philip James Bailey — His sonnet ' Love's 
 Martyrdom ' — Becomes Editor of Notes and Queries — Dramatic 
 critic of The Daily Graphic and of The Olobe — Contributions to 
 the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' — Writes Life of Rossetti 
 — ' The Bannerman's Lament ' — ^Writes article on Cyrano de 
 Bergerac for The Fortnightly Review — His " Sylvanus Urban " 
 papers in The Gentleman^s Magazine— His friendship for the 
 publisher Mr. Andrew Chatto — Writes in The Idler on the 
 Laureateship — Sunday evenings with the Marstons — Dramatic 
 profession give him a dinner — His sorrow at the death of F. G. 
 Stephens — His death — Tributes to his memory . . Pp. i-xliii 
 
 CHAPTER. I. 
 
 John Rippon, D.D. — George Bentley — Samplers — The unstamped Press 
 — A centenarian ... . . . . . . . . 1-10 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Literary Jubilees and Celebrations — The Daily News — The Qnardian 
 — First London halfpenny newspaper — Blackwood's Magazine 
 — The Oentleman'a Magazine — John Rylands Library 1 1-34 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 HISTORY OF 'NOTES AND QUERIES.' 
 William John Thorns— Photography : first specimens— Exhibitions of 
 1851 and 1862— Death of Duke of Wellington— Times memoir 
 — Did Wellington and Nelson meet ?— Death of the Prince 
 Consort— Death of Charles Wentworth Dilke— Dr. Doran- 
 Death of James Yeowell — Austin Dobson contributes a 
 Rondeau — Death of Turle — Funeral — Knight becomes Editor — 
 Dilke and Thorns " book-staUing " — Thoms loves books, but 
 can " handle the gloves " — Banquet to him — ^Hyde Clarke — 
 Dante Rossetti— Gabriel Rossetti— Mr. R. H. Thornton's 
 ' JubUee Greeting ' and list of deceased contributors 35-56 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 THE COWPER CENTENARY. 
 Cowper's sensitive temperament — His terrible lines — John Newton's 
 influence beneficial — Happy years at Olney — His gratitude to 
 Mrs. Unwin and Lady Hesketh — His last poem, ' The Castaway ' 
 — His death — Why the name is pronounced Cooper — " The 
 cup that cheers " — Cowper anticipated — Maitland on Cowper's 
 works in America — Newton's preface — Dr. Morgan on John Gilpin 
 — Origin of " God moves in a mysterious way " — Portraits of 
 Cowper and of his mother — Letters sold at Sotheby's 57-73 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 War Correspondents — The National Flag — Vanishing London— The 
 United Free Church of Scotland — Downing Street — King 
 Edward VII.'s Title in Scotland — ^The ninth Jubilee of Glasgow 
 University . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-94 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Civil List Pensions ... .,. .„ . . . . . . 95-145 
 
 CHAPTER yil. 
 
 THE BEVIS MARKS BICENTENARY. 
 
 First SsTiagogue in England — " Gates of Hope " School — The " House 
 of Life " — First Hebrew book published in England — ' Jewish 
 Portraits ' by Lady Magnus — Halevi's ' Songs of Faith and 
 Hope ' — Jewish Historical Society — Rebecca in ' Ivanhoe '— 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 David Salomons — ^Moses Montefiore — Baron Rothschild — ^Medal 
 to Lord John Russell — Efficiency of Jewish schools — Jewish 
 ethics 146-160 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Leisure Hour — ^W. & R. Chambers — Oassell & Co. — Clifford's Inn 
 — Owens College Jubilee — Newspapers at the time of the 
 Coronation of Queen Victoria — Chorley's Hymn on the birth of 
 King Edward VII. — The British Academy : charter granted 
 by the Kiag — Philip James Bailey 161-178 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 The Globe — The Field — Lord Brougham's reported death in 1839 — 
 Eirst Christmas card — Longest telegram — ' The Newspaper 
 Press Directory ' — The Daily Telegraph .. .. 179-199 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Saturday Review — G. J. Holyoake— Elizabeth Barrett Browning — 
 The Post Office 200-225 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 LONGFELLOW. 
 
 His father — First poem — Visits Italy — Marries Mary Storer Potter — 
 Her death — He considers his poetic career finished — ' Voices of 
 the Night ' — ^Marries Frances Elizabeth Appleton — Death of his 
 father — -Great success of ' Hiawatha ' — Death of his second 
 wife — His last visit to Europe — Enthusiastic reception in Eng- 
 land — Visits Tennyson — Returns home — Children celebrate his 
 birthday — -Death and funeral — Sorrow in America and England 
 —Bust in the Abbey 226-240 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 The City Press — The Thames Embankment — London's roll of fame — 
 Black Friday — Goschen converts the 3 per Cents — Dr. Reginald 
 R. Sharpe — Guildhall Library — Lord Mayor's precedence — 
 City Temple pulpit — Report on Coronation privileges — The 
 Fire Brigade 241-259 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Hodgson & Sons — Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge — Puttiok & Simpson — 
 Earl Howe's Shakespeare Quartos and Folios — The Indian 
 Mutiny — The Bqakseller — Trade Dinners — The Simpldns — Long- 
 
vi CONTENTS. 
 
 mans — John Murray — Smith, Elder & Co. — Macmillans — Richard 
 Bentley — George Bentley — Blackwoods — John Camden Hotten 
 — Henry Bohn — Quaritch — the Sotherans — Frederic Norgate — 
 The Lockwoods— Nicholas Triibner 260-286 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODFALL EBSWORTH. 
 
 His godfather Woodfall — His father becomes a bookseller in Edinburgh 
 — Young Ebsworth's recoUeotions of Scott, O'Connell, and 
 Queen Victoria's first visit to Edinburgh — Exhibits his views 
 of Edinburgh at the Scottish Academy — Death of Hugh Miller 
 — Ebsworth contributes to Hogg's Instructor and Bradshaw's 
 Magazine — Goes to Glasgow School of Design — Goes to Cam- 
 bridge — Friendships with ElUcott, Kingsley, and others — His 
 ordination — Buries an unbaptized child — ^Wins the hearts of 
 the gipsies — His marriage — Becomes Vicar of Molash — His 
 friend John Muir Wood — Retires from Molash and devotes him- 
 self to Ballad history — Death of his wife— His ' Cavalier Lyrics ' 
 — His death — His love for his father and mother — His connexion 
 with the HjII family — Ebsworth on Rossetti, Bjrron, F. W. 
 Robinson, Samuel Rawson Gardiner, Hazhtt, ' Astarte,' Mrs. 
 OUphant, George GUflllan, Omar Khayyam, and the Brontes — 
 Letters from the Brontes' father — Ebsworth on Macaulay — 
 Contributions to the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' — 
 Star and Garter dinner — Dedicates ' Roxburghe Ballads ' to 
 Queen Victoria — Halliwell-PhiUipps — J. P. Collier — Biblio- 
 graphy—His MSS.— Last words 289-325 
 
BELOVED MEMORY 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A., 
 
 ' NOTES BY THE WAY ' 
 
 ABB DEDICATED AS A TKIBUTB OF AWECTION BY HIS FRIEND 
 
 JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Joseph Knight was bom on the 24th of May, 1829, at Leeds, 
 where his father was in business as a cloth merchant. 
 His brother John describes the father as being one of the most 
 handsome men he has ever seen, and both sons " worshipped him, 
 for his beautiful life fell in no wise short of his beautiful face, and 
 we never heard from him a shady or ungracious word." The mother 
 also was handsome and a charming woman ; but at the early age of 
 thirty-nine she lost her sight, and remained blind all her hfe. Not- 
 withstanding her terrible affliction, she was one of the brightest and 
 happiest of women, and lived to the age of seventy-three. Joseph 
 Knight inherited from her his high social quaUties, and his early 
 life is described by his brother as being " very interesting and 
 distinctly high-souled " ; he was a student and an inveterate 
 reader, his special favourite being poetry. 
 
 He received his education at a very popular North-Country 
 school, Bramham College, near Tadcaster. With Knight were some 
 150 boarders. The school buildings and master's residence — a 
 fine old Hall — were of considerable importance, and the surrounding 
 scenery was singularly beautiful. The head of the school. Dr. Haigh, 
 was a great linguist, being master of twenty- two languages, and a 
 bom schoolmaster, both honoured and feared by the boys. He 
 was most enthusiastic in his teaching, and had a great beUef in 
 training the memory, requiring every boy to learn poetry and to 
 stand up and declaim it before the whole school. One year he ofiered 
 a prize of £5 to the boy who at one effort repeated the most lines. 
 This caused great excitement in the school, and expectation soon 
 centred on two youths, these being a boy named Wilson, from 
 Sheffield, and Joe Knight. Wilson started off with eight hundred 
 lines of ' The Lady of the Lake,' ending with a torrent of applause. 
 Knight followed with ' Paradise Lost,' and when he had completed 
 the first book without a stumble, and was complacently starting 
 on the second. Dr. Haigh cried " Enough ! " and awarded him the 
 prize. 
 
 Dr, Haigh, beheving in the possibiUty that " some mute 
 inglorious Milton here may rest " under the shadow of the College 
 walls, required each boy to compose weekly a minimum 
 of eight lines of original poetry, good, bad, or indifferent ; 
 and when a poem of exceptional abiUty presented itself, he would 
 have it printed in dainty form and distributed among the boys' 
 parents. Knight secured this honour by composing the following 
 poem, of which a few copies were printed by J. H. Greaves, Snig 
 Hill, Sheffield, 1848. It is now hardly obtainable. 
 
 His father 
 and mother. 
 
 His 
 
 education. 
 
ii JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 THE SEA BY MOONLIGHT. 
 
 His first The setting sun had sunk beneath the tide, 
 
 printed poem. And, glittering in her starry diadena. 
 
 The silver crescent, like an Eastern bride. 
 As fair, as pure, as the bright diamond gem. 
 Unveiled her lovely head ; the billows hem. 
 With glittering spray and foam, the rocky shore, 
 
 Whose beetling crags the gathering waters stem. 
 Which, fretting, break with wild tumultuous roar, 
 While towards the azure Heavens their crested summits soar. 
 
 Hark ! o'er the moonlit waters borne along — 
 Now loud, now soft, as swells or dies the gale — 
 
 Rises some lone advent'rer's distant song, 
 
 Blending with the hoarse sea-birds' dismal wail. 
 Singing, as 'neath the moonbeams glistening pale. 
 
 His little skiff dances along the sea. 
 
 The scattered spray kissing her snowy sail, 
 
 The waters' wide waste heaving on her lee. 
 
 While the young Rover sings, exulting, careless, free. 
 
 And now she nears the shore : upon the prow. 
 With youth elate, the daring sailor stands ; 
 
 Fair hope sits laughing on his open brow ; 
 He grasps her cable in his manly hands, 
 He feels her keel graze on the shelving sands ; 
 
 A moment more, and from the deck he springs. 
 And on the yielding beach in safety lands ; 
 
 Then his fraU bark far on the shore he brings. 
 
 And, to beguile his task, still cheerfully he sings. 
 
 But now his strain in distance dies away ; 
 
 All human sounds have ceased, and peaceful sleep 
 Enwraps the smiling scene, save where, in play. 
 
 The calmed billows of the surging deep 
 
 Responsive whisper to the winds, that sweep 
 Along the sea, or in the briny tide 
 
 The hoarse sea-mews their glossy plumage steep, 
 And, gaily sporting, onward now they glide. 
 Like a swift arrow's flight across the waters wide. 
 
 Can there be one whose spirit will not melt. 
 Listening to the waves' wild harmony ? 
 
 Nor feel a charm he n'er before has felt — 
 A wild ecstatic pleasure through him fly — 
 Thrill every nerve, and chain his wondering eye 
 
 Unto the spot, and, gazing on this scene. 
 Viewing the placid ocean rearing high 
 
 Her billowy breast, unmoved the waves has seen 
 
 Foam on the sea-girt coast, and scatter wide their alieen ? 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. iii 
 
 See, from yon lofty promontory's brow. 
 
 The beacon's pale Hght flickers o'er the main. 
 And strews the hidden rocks that lie below ; 
 
 Where many a noble bark, which strove in vain 
 
 The adjacent harbour's shelter safe to gain. 
 Has sunk, alas ! upon the treacherous shore ! 
 
 And many a gallant sailor's corse has lain 
 Within thy blue waves, mid the water's roar. 
 Or, by thy rough waves tost, lies blackening on the shore. 
 
 But now the blustering winds are hushed in peace ; 
 
 No storms disturb the calm and tranquil deep ; 
 The hoarsely roaring billows' murmurs cease, 
 
 And shrouded seems the ocean now in sleep. 
 
 The brine is dripping from each craggy steep ; 
 Silence unbroken reigns ; not e'en a gull 
 
 Does o'er the heaving waves her swift course keep ; 
 Still the moon's beams the enraptured spirit lull. 
 Ne'er cotild be ought on earth more wild, more beautiful. 
 
 J. Knight. 
 
 Dr. Haigh, with all his scholarship, was quite unable to speak "King of the 
 ia pubHc. This had been a source of great humiUation to him, and College." 
 he determined that the boys in his school should, if possible, be 
 saved from this disadvantage. To this end he instituted a yearly 
 election of a " King of the College." On a certain day the boys were 
 invited to write on a slip of paper the name of the candidate they 
 voted for, and each boy had to return thanks for the number of 
 votes he had received. Knight secured the 25 votes necessary to 
 become a successful candidate, and there were two others, one being 
 a son of George Leeman, M.P. for York and Chairman of the North- 
 Eastem Railway. After the nomination the candidates each 
 selected sis speakers, and both candidates and speakers had a 
 week's holiday to prepare for the great day of election. Hustings 
 were erected in front of the College. A distinguished " old scholar " 
 was invited to act as sheriff. Parents and friends were present, 
 and the neighbouring gentry were invited. The grounds were 
 crowded, and open house kept. Each candidate had his own 
 special colours, with banners and scarves, the former being of 
 silk with richly painted designs. Knight's father expended £30 
 on his son's show. Mr. ELnight informs me that his brother 
 won the election, and became " King of the College." He had as a 
 boy at school the charming manners he preserved all through hfe, 
 and was universally esteemed. At this time Mr. Stephen Wilson, 
 one of the masters of the College, made the pen-and-ink sketch of 
 which I have obtained a copy from the original, lent me by Mrs. 
 Knight for the purpose. Wilson was greatly attached to Knight, 
 ^nd was beloved hy every boy in the school, 
 
IV 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 ' The Counter 
 Reformation.' 
 
 Knight's father wished that on leaving school he should remain 
 with him and learn the cloth trade. For a time he acceded to this, 
 although it was distasteful to him. His health was far from good, 
 and was a cause of much anxiety for many years, and when he first 
 came to London it was anticipated that his life would be but short. 
 His health being so precarious, his father allowed him much freedom, 
 and he devoted all the time he could to acquiring knowledge. 
 This he did to a marvellous extent, and those who knew him in 
 after life, with his wide range of learning, would never imagine that 
 he received only a few years' schooling as a boy. 
 
 When about eighteen, Knight, along with other bright young 
 fellows, including the present Poet Laureate, and notably Edward 
 Hewitt, founded a Mechanics' Institute in Leeds. This was 
 financially aided by a fine old member of the Society of Friends, 
 Mr. Pease, a member of the Pease family of Darlington. The young 
 men delivered lectures at the Institute. " My brother," writes Mi-. 
 Knight, " gave one on ' The Counter Reformation,' and much 
 amusement was caused by the shopkeepers and their customers 
 flocking to it, expecting to hear of shortened shop hours and improve- 
 ments in the construction of their shop counters." 
 
 Hewitt gave a scientific lecture with illustrations, and borrowed 
 apparatus from the Leeds Philosophical Hall. Mr. Pease was in the 
 chair. Hewitt was in the act of emptying the air-pump when it 
 exploded with a terrific report, and Mr. Pease was discovered flat 
 on his back on the floor. Fortunately he was unhurt, but he 
 naturally took the precaution not to occupy the chair again, and 
 seated himself far away from the table where the lecturer was 
 performing his experiments. 
 
 ' The Fairies 
 
 of English 
 
 Poetry. ' 
 
 'THE FAIRIES OF ENGLISH POETRY.' 
 
 Among lectures dehvered by ICnight at this time was one on 
 'The Fairies of Enghsh Poetry,' before the Leeds Philosophical 
 and Literary Society, of which he was the President, on the 7th of 
 April, 1854. The original MS. of this, beautifully written, was 
 purchased by his nephew Mr. A. Langford Knight, who has kindly 
 lent it to me. From beginning to end it shows the patient care and 
 research which characterized all Knight's work. It opens thus : — 
 
 " That man's mind is essentially superstitious is the natural 
 and inevitable result of the circumstances in which he finds himself 
 placed. . . .He knows not who or what he is, has been, or shall be, 
 
 whence comes he, and where he goes These are questions which 
 
 must always be recurring to his mind, and with which all his boasted 
 science and ' nice ' philosophy will be unable to grapple. Our 
 religion itself, while it informs him of aU th?it is necessary to fit hjii^ 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. v 
 
 for that world to which he hastens, yet leaves him purposely ignorant 
 of its nature and of that of its inhabitants. Thus situated, who can 
 marvel that man has peopled this unknown universe with his own 
 ideal conceptions ? Upon the shapes and attributes of these 
 imaginary denizens of ' that undiscovered country ' the countless 
 generations of mankind have lavished all the treasures of their 
 imagination." 
 
 He claims that the true home of the fairy is England, for its 
 lovely scenery and its wide moors, so bountifully covered with the 
 rich heath bells, " have always attracted these charming and 
 unearthly Uttle creatures, so generous in their friendships, and yet 
 so capricious, so implacable in their resentments against 
 whoso shall break in upon " their concealed solemnity. After 
 turning aside to give a Uttle word-lore, Rnight refers to " the 
 beautiful romance of Orfeo and Heurodis " as being a great curiosity 
 in fairy literature, " one of the most beautiful of the Fairy Romances 
 we possess," and " analyzed by Scott in the second volume of his 
 ' Border Minstrelsy,' " in which he gives it as an instance of "Gothic 
 mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece." 
 
 The paper shows a most intimate knowledge of Chaucer, 
 Shakespeare, Herrick, and Spenser. With Spenser Knight is angry, 
 for he " indeed calls his poem ' The Faerie Queen,' and talks about 
 the land of Faerie ; but as far as regards any reference it contains 
 to the ' good folk,' he might as well have called it ' The Queen of 
 Tahite " or ' Queen Dido.' Throughout the whole of Spenser's 
 great poem there are but two incidental allusions to the popular 
 attributes of the Faeries .... Spenser's account of the origin and 
 genealogy of his Faeries is totally different from anything we meet 
 with in any other work, prose or poetical, on the subject. He seems 
 in its formation to have drawn as largely upon the rich and varied 
 stores of his imagination as he has in any of the marvellous adven- 
 tures with which his enchanting work is stored. He seems to have 
 studiously put on one side all that his predecessors had said or sung 
 concerning them, and to have given them an origin and pedigree 
 of his own, and one which should enable him to adhere consistently 
 to one of the (we are sorry to record it) main objects of his poem — 
 that of paying a long and elaborate comphment to that most 
 beflattered of all women, Queen Ehzabeth." 
 
 Knight complains oif the neglect of Drayton, who is " now only 
 known to the student of early EngUsh hterature, or the anti- 
 quary," but who " has done most after Shakespeare to secure to 
 the Faeries an immortahty of beauty." After making reference to 
 " many beautiful allusions scattered through his works," Knight 
 calls special attention to his poem entitled ' Nymphidia ; or, The 
 Court of the Fairy,' in which " a high degree of poetical merit is 
 blended with a lively style and wit, and a playful turp of fancy 
 almost Shakespeariai^." 
 
VI 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Edward 
 Hewitt and 
 the Prince 
 
 Consort. 
 
 W. E. Forster. 
 
 Marquis of 
 Eipon. 
 
 At Leeds Knight's ready wit and powers of conversation gained 
 him hosts of friends. Some of these would frequently meet and 
 dine together, when all the evening the wit would sparkle across 
 the walnuts and the wine. Chief among the houses where the friends 
 met was that of Edward Hewitt at Headingley. Hewitt's only 
 brother WiUiam was the dearest friend of my youth. Edward 
 Hewitt, like Knight, was a man of very handsome presence, and 
 was thought a great deal of in Leeds, being chosen to show Prince 
 Albert the cloth exhibits on the occasion of the Queen's visit to 
 open the new Town Hall in 1858. The Prince was so well informed 
 that Hewitt, with his comparatively limited technical knowledge, 
 found many of the questions the Prince put to him regular 
 " posers." 
 
 The -ivits included George WiUiam Conder, Minister of Belgrave 
 Chapel, Leeds, where the Knight family attended. Among the 
 mves of the ^vits was a lady who was very proud of her plate, and 
 was always assuring her friends that it was " sohd silver." Knight, 
 ever keen for a joke, would frequently pretend to admire some 
 special article for the fun of hearing the emphatic way in which 
 she would assure him that " it is sohd silver." We have often 
 laughed together over this. 
 
 While at Leeds he formed a great friendship for W. E. Forster, 
 and when Forster made his first attempt to enter ParUament, 
 he contested Leeds, Knight seconding his nomination. During the 
 contest Forster resided at Knight's house. The present Marquis 
 of Ripon, then Lord Goderich, was another friend who stayed 
 with him, drawn there by the fine Ubrary of books that even then, 
 so early in his life, Knight had got together. Lord Goderich 
 became a member of the Leeds Club on Knight's nomination. 
 
 Knight's uncle, James Young Knight, and his family were also 
 hving at Leeds at this time. James's only son, John C. Knight, 
 and Joseph and his brother were greatly attached to one another, 
 being, indeed, more hke brothers than cousins. John was a " man of 
 great culture, a good classic," and, Mr. Knight tells me, " one of the 
 most interesting conversationahsts I ever knew, save and excepting 
 my brother." The father was a deacon at East Parade Chapel, 
 and Dr. Reynolds, when he became its minister in 1849, formed a 
 very close friendship both with father and son. In the life of Dr. 
 Reynolds, pubhshed by Hodder & Stoughton, eighteen letters 
 from John C. Knight and his wife are inserted ; and it is stated that 
 " both were his valued friends, and from the heart and mind of the 
 younger man he derived stimulus, support, and consolation." 
 John C. Knight in one letter to Reynolds writes : "No one ever 
 made hohness so lovely, hope so bright, faith so much like sight, 
 as you " (p. 130). 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 vu 
 
 On the 3rd of June, 1856, Knight was married at the Parish Knight's 
 Church, Leeds, to Rachel, younger daughter of John Wilkinson, marriage. 
 of Gledhow Mount, near Leeds. He remained at Leeds until 1860, 
 when he left for London. Although then just over thirty, he 
 came full of the assurance of youth, and he often laughingly told 
 his friend Mr. W. L. Courtney that he then " felt capable of either 
 editing The Times or commanding the Channel Fleet." However, 
 it was not long before he was " found out," and he almost at once 
 began writing for The Literary Gazette, then under the direction of 
 John Morley. 
 
 Joseph Knight succeeded John Abraham Heraud as dramatic J. A. Heraud. 
 critic of The Athenceum. Edmund Yates describes Heraud as 
 " the long-haired epic poet," and as one of the theatrical critics 
 he knew by sight, and says he " used to sit gaping at them with 
 wonder and admiration." When Carlyle first came to London 
 in 1834, Heraud lived in Ampton Street, close by Carlyle, who 
 describes him as being " exceedingly kedge about me, anxious 
 beyond measure for golden opinions of his God-dedicated Epic — 
 of which I would not tell him any lie, greatly as he tempted me." 
 Heraud was for a time assistant editor of Fraser ; he also contri- 
 buted to The Quarterly, and was dramatic critic of The Illustrated 
 London News for thirty years. When he retired from The Athenceum 
 the proprietors gave him a pension, and many a pleasant chat I 
 have enjoyed with him when he came to receive it. He often 
 spoke of the Carlyles and of his going with them over the house 
 in Cheyne Row which they afterwards took, and where they 
 lived for the remainder of their lives. 
 
 Heraud became a Charterhouse brother in 1873, and died there 
 in 1887. He was eighty-eight years of age, and had survived 
 all his friends. I was the only one from the outside world to follow 
 his remains to the grave in St. Pancras Cemetery on a stormy 
 afternoon in March. Of his daughter Edith he was very proud ; 
 her impersonations of Shakespearian characters are thought by 
 many to have been extremely fine. 
 
 DRAMATIC CRITIC OF 'THE ATHENJEUM.' 
 
 Knight's first contribution to The Athenceum was printed on 
 the 25th of September, 1869. In those days the musical and dra- 
 matic gossip appeared together, so we have paragraphs from 
 Chorley interspersed with those of Knight. Knight at once, with 
 the greatest energy, supplied the paper with every detail of interest 
 in his department, and we find in its pages a record of the drama 
 of the day. During the last three months of 1869 it is mentioned 
 that a new theatre is to be erected on the site of the Bentinck Club. 
 ' The Octoroon ' is being played at the Royal Alfred Theatre, 
 
 Knight as 
 
 dramatic 
 
 critic. 
 
viii JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 and ' It is Never too Late to Mend ' at the Grecian. ' Forbidden 
 Fruit ' at the Lyceum receives this censure : " M. Augier since 
 his ' Mariage d'Olympe ' has produced no work so unhealthy 
 as this." Phelps is at Sadler's Wells. Mr. H. J. Byron 
 makes his first appearance in London at the Globe on Saturday, 
 October 23rd, in his own drama ' Not such a Fool as He 
 Looks.' At the Surrey is a farce ' Who 's Who ? ' a title now used 
 for a very different subject ; and at the same theatre is " a drama 
 of the old-fashioned Surrey stamp, ' The Watch Dog of the Wal- 
 singhams,' " by Mr. Palgrave Simpson, in which " Madame Celeste 
 appears in a variety of striking situations." Mr. J. R. Planche is 
 superintending the stage arrangements at the St. James's, which 
 is under the management of Mrs. John Wood. 
 Fechteras Jn December Fechter is giving twelve farewell performances 
 
 Hamlet. ^^ ^-^q Princess's previous to his departure for America. Of his 
 impersonation of Hamlet it is stated that it " has not greatly 
 altered during the years he has resided in England. It has all its 
 old intelligence, beauty, and inadequacy. Many of the readings 
 are good. The gestures and attitudes are almost without exception 
 admirable ; but the whole lacks inspiration. Instances of mis- 
 conception of the meaning of Hamlet might easily be quoted. The 
 words ' Into my grave ' are given with a sadness out of keeping 
 with the irony with which all Hamlet's speeches addressed to 
 Polonius are coloured. It is clear from what Polonius afterwards 
 says that Hamlet's words sounded like a query rather than a lament. 
 In the First Folio, and in most editions, they are followed by a note 
 of interrogation, which, however, in the edition of Messrs. Clark 
 and Wright is omitted. When Hamlet, addressing Rosencrantz 
 and Guildenstern, says, ' Is it not very strange ? for mine uncle is 
 King of Denmark, and those that would make mows at him while 
 my father lived give twenty, forty, fifty, an hundred ducats apiece 
 for his picture in little,' Mr. Fechter takes hold, with marks of 
 contempt, of such a picture hanging from the neck of Guildenstern. 
 This is a very pitiful piece of stage realism, and is as antagonistic 
 to probability as to poetry. Mr. Fechter was supported by Miss 
 Leclercq as Ophelia, Miss Elsworthy as the Queen, and Mr. H. 
 Marston as the Ghost. — On Wednesday Mr. Fechter appeared as 
 Claude Melnotte, and on Friday as Ruy Bias." 
 
 Other events recorded are Mr. Burnand's new drama ' Mordern 
 Grange,' to be produced at the Queen's ; and Sothern's first novelty 
 at the Haymarket, a two-act comedy by H. T. Craven. Charles 
 Mathews is announced to leave for Australia on the 31st of January, 
 1870 ; and what seems now a regular old-world announcement is 
 made, to the effect that " Mr. W. S. Woodin has returned to London, 
 and is now giving at the Egyptian Hall his amusing entertainment— 
 ' My Carpet-Bag and Sketch-Book,' " 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Knight's presence at theatres was from the first hailed with 
 pleasure by his comrades on the press, and so remained all through 
 his life. A writer in Black and White on the 25th of November, 
 1899, well described him as "seeming to grow cheerier and jollier 
 every day of his jolly hfe. Between the acts one hears his deep 
 and hearty voice thundering out some almost Titanic laugh over 
 amusing recollections of Phelps or Charles Mathews, Buckstone, 
 Webster, Sothem, or any of the old gods who link us with Charles 
 Kean or Macready." 
 
 Knight has fortunately, in a volume with the modest title of 
 ' Theatrical Notes,' given to the world in a concise form a selection 
 from his articles on the drama which appeared in The Athenceum 
 from November 7th, 1874, to December 27th, 1879. This was 
 published by Lawrence & Bullen in 1893. The volume opens with 
 Irving as Hamlet at the Lyceum. Fechter is referred to as " the 
 most distinguished of his immediate predecessors in the role he 
 now assumes. .. .Mr. Fechter rose slowly, through successive 
 stages, looking carefully to his foothold. Mr. Irving has gone 
 lightly and easily over the ground, and has reached the summit 
 with but little exertion." 
 
 In the Introduction Knight states how he had watched for 
 thirty years — the average of a generation — " the development 
 of the stage in England. Thirty years constitute a long time as 
 regards human observation and artistic progress. The first thirty 
 years of the acted drama carry us from ' Ferrex and Porrex ; or. 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle,' to Marlowe's ' Edward II.' ; another 
 ' generation ' gives us the First Folio Shakspeare. As civilization 
 proceeds alteration is less evident. None the less the last thirty 
 years of the English stage have witnessed more than one change, 
 amounting practically to a revolution. Public interest in things 
 theatrical, at the outset slumbering and apparently extinct, has 
 flowered out afresh. The dramatist, once the most underpaid of 
 literary craftsmen, has now the ball at his feet, and new theatres 
 in the parts of London suited to their growth rise like exhalations." 
 
 But modest reference is made by EJiight to the great services 
 he rendered in bringing before the British public the high merits 
 of the Comedie Franjaise. Their first visit here was during the 
 siege of Paris in 1870, when " a mere fraction of the public assembled 
 to visit performances absolutely unequalled. It was not, indeed, 
 until a movement for a complimentary banquet, the inception and 
 execution of which belong to The Athenmum, had been set on foot 
 that the playgoing world understood the opportunities of artistic 
 enjoyment and education placed within its reach." 
 
 Knight states that materials are in hand for a second volume 
 which will bring the matter up to date. Unfortunately, ill-health 
 and over-pressure of work prevented this being accomplished. 
 
 ' Theatrical 
 
 Notes.' 
 
 Irving as 
 Hamlet, 
 
 Visit of the 
 Comedie 
 Fran9aise. 
 
X JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Chairman of Knight had always highly appreciated, as all engaged in 
 
 firstReaders' literature must the services rendered by the proof-reader, and 
 ""'^'■- on the 11th of April, 1891, he took the chair at the dinner 
 held to celebrate the foundation of the first Readers' Pension. 
 Since then he had watched with great interest the work of 
 the Readers' Pensions Committee, of which Lord Glenesk was 
 President until his lamented death on November 24th, 1908. Four 
 pensions have been founded, at a cost of just over two thousand 
 pounds, and placed in the charge of the Printers' Pension Corpora- 
 tion. At the dinner in 1899, at which the Hon. W. F. Danvers 
 Smith presided, it was resolved to estabHsh, in addition, a pension 
 specially for members of the Association of Correctors of the 
 Press, and the third of these pensions has just been completed, 
 the first recipient being Mr. Carbery, who was for more than forty 
 years a reader on The Daily News. 
 
 THE FRENCH ACADEMY'S DICTIONAEY. 
 
 To The AihencBum, in addition to criticisms of performances, 
 
 Knight contributed reviews of books on the drama, and of 
 
 others on subjects concerning which he had special knowledge. He 
 
 occupied so prominent a position as a dramatic critic that his vast 
 
 learning and his love for other studies are apt to be overlooked. 
 
 I therefore make the following lengthy extract from a review which 
 
 Knight on the appeared on the 22nd of March, 1902, on a subject for which he 
 
 French had a great afiection, that of philology. The occasion for it was 
 
 Academy's the facsimile reprint of the famous ' Dictionnaire de I'Academie 
 
 Dictionary. rran9oise,' Paris, 1694 :— 
 
 "No effort to supply the philological derivation of words was 
 made in this first edition or in many after it, a subject for no special 
 regret, considering that for much more than a century and a half 
 after its appearance philological knowledge was in its infancy. 
 No attempt at historical treatment is exhibited, and, a point more 
 to be deplored, no illustrations of use are quoted, except from 
 current speech. Those who hope from the first edition to reap such 
 definitions, cynical, humorous, or prejudiced, as abound in the first 
 edition of Johnson, and render its possession enviable when its 
 authority has disappeared, will be disappointed. Everything is 
 as decorous as it can be. Coarseness of speech is rarely to be 
 found. There is no proof of the existence of that es'prit gaulois 
 which it was the joy of the nineteenth century to revive. All is in 
 fact academic, respectable, and worthy of that rot soleil — now old, 
 persecuting, and sadly shorn of his beams — to whom, in language 
 of supreme adulation, the book is dedicated .... 
 
 " With all its faults and shortcomings on its head, the ' Dic- 
 tionnaire de I'Academie Franjoise ' is what Prof. Dupont, of the 
 
Joseph knighi^. xi 
 
 University of Lille, to whom the reproduction is due, calls it, ' un 
 monument tres venerable et un document tres precieux.' For 
 reasons already in part exposed, it is all but useless to those who 
 seek a dictionary for general purposes : to the student of what 
 has been called the Augustan period of French literature it is in- 
 valuable. The language with which it deals is that of the acknow- 
 ledged masters of French style, and the prophecy of Fenelon, in 
 his ' Lettre a I'Academie,' is to a great extent fulfilled : — 
 
 " ' Quand notre langue sera chang6e, il servira a faire entendre les 
 
 livres dignea de la post6rit6 qui sent Merits en notre temps Un jour 
 
 on sentira la commodity d'avoir un Dictionnaire qui serve de clef a 
 tant de bons livres. Le prix de cet ouvrage ne peut manquer de 
 croitre a mesure qu'il vieillira.' 
 
 " In this respect even it is far from complete. Purely 
 academic in origin, it has the fault of much academic work of 
 omitting those current locutions which are most apt to change 
 in form, the preservation of which is most to be desired. One 
 has only to compare with the dictionary the special lexicons 
 of authors who have come to be regarded as classic which are nume- 
 rous in France. That or rather those to Moliere are scarcely in 
 point. Molifere's writings were of course accessible, and he himself 
 had been a score years dead at the time when his language was 
 noted. A lexicon composed by the early Academicians was, 
 however, little likely to pay attention to the utterances of an actor 
 and a playwright. One has only to look at the list of Academicians 
 prefixed to the work to see what ecclesiastical influence was arrayed 
 against the actor to whom the rites of Christian burial were denied. 
 True, the list includes Jean de la Fontaine, Nicolas Boyleau Des- 
 preaux, Thomas Corneille, Bernard de Fontenelle, Fran9ois de la 
 Mothe Fenelon, and others of equal eminence in literature. Eccle- 
 siastical and aristocratic influences were, however, sure to prevail. 
 Few words employed by Moliere, and to be found in the ' Lexique ' 
 of M. Livet or that of MM. Despois and Mesnard, are missing, 
 though among those which do not appear is ' canons,' so frequent 
 during the seventeenth century in a particular sense : ' Sont-ce 
 ses grands canons qui vous le font aimer ? ' (' Le Misanthrope,' II. i.) 
 Loret, ' La Muze Historique,' under the date 1656, speaks of a man 
 
 par extravagance 
 
 Portant des canons d'importance, 
 
 Chacun plus grand qu'un parasol. 
 The word ' canons ' was applied to several difierent portions of 
 dress appertaining to the leg. About 1668 this sense of it fell, 
 according to Richelet, into disuse, and at the time when the dic- 
 tionary first saw the light was supposedly obsolete. It should, of 
 course, have been retained, as is attested' by its appearance in later 
 editions. From modern dictionaries of to-day it has almost dis- 
 appeared .... 
 
xii Joseph knighI:. 
 
 " A dictionary of a given date is in the full sense a contribution 
 to the history of language, a fact the full significance of which 
 philologists have now reahzed. The idea of tracing that history 
 by means of quotations successive in date belongs wholly to to-day. 
 ' In few things is the dictionary before us more instructive than with 
 regard to the growth of accents. The very first word in the preface, 
 itself unaccented, is aprh, with the accent acute. Among the words 
 unaccented on the first page are rhetorique, premiere, celebrea, 
 siecles, &c. In poetique and similar words diaeresis takes the place 
 of other accent. A study of the first and following editions might 
 help to settle the time when the acute accent or the circumflex 
 took the place of the elided s in words such as estourdi, etourdi ; 
 arrest, arret. 
 
 " The charge that the dictionary makers had too far expurgated 
 the language by omitting expressive wordi employed by early 
 writers was often advanced, La Bruyere and Fenelon being among 
 those by whom it was brought. La Fontaine, a constant attendant 
 at the meetings of the Academic, could not obtain admission for 
 words from Marot and Rabelais. Froissart was too early, the 
 dictionary beginning practically with Montaigne. Among the 
 words that appear is effervescence, under ' ferveur.' It should be 
 remembered, however, that Madame de Sevigne, on hearing it 
 employed by her daughter, said, ' Comment dites-vous cela, ma 
 fiUe ? Voila un mot dont je n'avais jamais oui parler.' Savoir- 
 faire, according to Le P6re Bouhours, is a new term, which will not 
 last^is perhaps already out of date." 
 
 The review closes with warm words of commendation of Prof. 
 Paul Dupont, who owns his indebtedness to M. Leon Moy, who 
 died doyen of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lille. 
 
 'HYPNEROTOMACHIA POLIPHILI.' 
 
 Knight was a thorough bibliophile, and this side of his character 
 
 is exhibited by a review which appeared on the 31st of December, 
 
 'Hvpneroto- ^^^^> ^^ * book which he characterized as " an unprecedented boon 
 
 machia to the scholar and the artist. No lover of fine works will be 
 
 Poliphili.' content to be without it." This was the famous ' Hypnerotomachia 
 
 Poliphili ; or, Strife of Love as seen in a Dream by Polifilo,' issued 
 
 for the first time in facsimile by Messrs. Methuen : — 
 
 " Over a book of the kind the scholar will rejoice and the artist 
 jubilate. The work, though virtually unread, is known to be in 
 many respects unique. It is a notable product of the Aldine press, 
 and the masterpiece of Venetian book-illustration. Everything 
 about it is mystery and problem ; its authorship, long obscure, was 
 only ascertained when a close student discovered that the first 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xiii 
 
 letters of the thirty-eight chapters into which the book is divided 
 gave the following device : ' Poliam frater Franciscvs Colvmna 
 peramavit.' 
 
 " A Dominican of the name of Francisco Colonna died in Venice 
 in July, 1525, at the age of over eighty years. Little or nothing 
 definite is known about him, though Renaissance Italian literature 
 abounds in conjecture concerning him, much of it demonstrably 
 inaccurate, and almost all of it void of authority. Rabelais men- 
 tions the author under the name Polyphile in the ninth chapter 
 of the first book of ' Gargantua,' misnaming his book, which he 
 calls songe d'amours, and coupling him with Orus ApoUon [Hora- 
 pollo], a Greek grammarian of the fourth century, the author of 
 ' Hieroglyphica,' a work printed by Aldus in 1505 with the ' Vitse 
 et Fabellse JSsopi.' Temanza, the biographer of Venetian archi- 
 tects, who flourished in the eighteenth century, devotes to him 
 some space, and assigns him to the illustrious family of the Colonna. 
 Crediting Columna, or Colonna, himself with the adventures of 
 Poliphilus, he builds up a love romance and makes Polia a con- 
 traction of the name of Ippolita, niece of Teodoro Lelio, a bishop 
 of Feltre. Against this supposition, founded upon a MS. note now 
 no longer traceable in a copy of the work formerly existing in the 
 library of the Dominican fathers delle Zatere, it may be urged that 
 Polia herseK declares her baptismal name to have been Lucretia : 
 ' Et postomi il praestante nome della casta Romana che per il filio 
 del superbo Tarquino se occise.' By the same ingenious fiction 
 Polia is said to have been attacked by the plague which ravaged 
 Treviso, to have vowed to take the veil in case she recovered, and, 
 keeping her oath, to have driven her lover into the cloister. This 
 ingenious and indefensible theory inspired Charles Nodier, who 
 founded on it in the Bulletin des Amis des Arts his last nouvelle. 
 A much more plausible interpretation is that favoured by M. 
 Claudius Popelin, the latest and best translator of the work, that 
 Polia is the name of an imaginary mistress, such as the great Italian 
 poets, and, after them, the writers constituting the Pleiade^ devised, 
 transmitting the fashion to English successors of Tudor and Stuart 
 times. Now the name Polia, which the author expressly assigns 
 his mistress, is the Greek adjective ffoAia, indicating grey hair, 
 and used to express antiquity. A lover of Polia is, then, a lover 
 of antiquity. This view is not only ingenious, but also defensible. 
 It is borne out by the whole tenor of the work, which has been 
 supposed to be, among other things, a protest in favour of classical 
 architecture against the aggression of Gothic, at that time over- 
 whelmingly manifest .... 
 
 " Perfect copies, especially in GroKer bindings— Grolier appears 
 to have greatly admired the work— are of high value. The finest 
 existing copy must be that on vellum, and in a Grolier binding. 
 
xiv JOSEPH KKIGHT. 
 
 belonging to the Duke of Devonshire. Other Grolier copies are, 
 or were, in the possession of Lord Spencer, in a French collection, 
 and elsewhere. In the British Museum, which has no Grolier copy, 
 is one which belonged to Groher's great rival, Tomrnaso Maioli. 
 The work, which originally appeared in a superb folio, a shape 
 it now resumes, has been frequently reprinted, and in a sense 
 translated." 
 
 The copy of the original edition of the ' Hypnerotomachia 
 Poliphili ' referred to, Mr. Guppy informs me, is now in the 
 possession of the John Rylands Library. Mr. Guppy says: "It 
 is a very fine copy of the original edition of 1499, which was 
 formerly in the library of the famous patron of literature and 
 learning Grolier, and is clothed in one of his sumptuous 
 bindings. That in the Duke of Devonshire's library at Chats- 
 worth is the only perfect copy of the work printed on veUum. 
 Apparently three copies were printed on vellum, but the other two 
 are imperfect. Our copy, I need scarcely add, is on paper." 
 
 ' FESTUS.' 
 
 'Testus.' Knight was a great lover of poetry, and from his school- 
 
 days knew, as we have seen, much of Milton by heart. He was 
 also a warm admirer of ' Festus,' every Hne of which was 
 familiar to him. The obituary notice of Philip James Bailey 
 which appeared in The Athenmum on the 13th of September, 
 1902, was from his pen. Knight describes Bailey as " sweet, 
 gentle, and rather timid in nature — qualities he seems to have 
 inherited from his father. Though not wanting in resolution, 
 Bailey was a little alarmed at the pother his book had caused 
 and at the further innovations to which it gave rise. While philo- 
 sophical in basis, it has a strongly sensuous turn which in the later 
 editions becomes less evident. A work of youth, it is infused 
 throughout with imagination and passion. 
 
 " In the dedication to his father, preserved in the various 
 Enghsh editions, he says : — 
 
 Life is at blood-heat every page doth prove. 
 
 So much babbling of lovers is there that Lucifer feels bound to 
 protest and declare : — 
 
 And we might trust these youths and maidens fair, 
 The world was made for nothing but love — love. 
 Now I think it was made but to be burned. 
 
 " According to his teaching, which is, of course, in no respect 
 individual, youth is the period for love, and Festus asks in an 
 inspired rhapsody : — 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xv 
 
 And if I love not now, while woman is 
 All bosom to the yomig, when shall I love 7 
 Who ever paused on passion's fiery wheel ? 
 Or, trembling by the side of her he loved. 
 Whose lightest touch brought all but madness, ever 
 Stopped coldly short to reckon up his pulse 1 
 The car comes — and we lie — and let it come : 
 It crushes — kills — what then ? It is joy to die. 
 
 These ecstasies and others even more pronounced did not prevent 
 Bailey from regarding with something like dismay the subtler 
 and even more fervent utterances of Mr. Swinburne, Rossetti, 
 and younger poets of their schools. The reputation he had 
 won as an amourist faded in later days, and it is as a didactic poet 
 that he has of late been most worshipped. In his gnomical utter- 
 ances he has much in common with Walter Savage Landor, whom 
 in single line and distich he occasionally recalls. There is little 
 conscious imitation, the only poet whose method he directly follows 
 being Milton. Where he talks of men 
 
 Huger than those our childhood's chap-books brand ; 
 Or all whose deeds till now defile romance ; 
 Albadan and those monstrous, sire and son. 
 Whom Amadis, the flower of knights, o'erthrew, 
 
 . so to win 
 His Oriana bright as Mirdfleur, 
 
 it is impossible not to recall the lines in ' Paradise Lost ' concerning 
 
 . . all who since, baptized or infidel. 
 Jousted in Aspramont or Montalban, 
 Damasco or Marocoo or Trebisond ; 
 
 and ' Paradise Regained,' when Agrican besieged Albracca, 
 
 thence to win 
 The fairest of her sex, Angelica. 
 
 Short passages of signal beauty and Landor-like grace of utterance 
 are numerous. A few must suiJfice : — 
 
 Just when the stars falter forth, one by one. 
 
 Like the first words of love from a maiden's lips. 
 
 There was no discord — it was music ceased. 
 Looks which have 
 
 The golden embrownment of a lion's eye, 
 
 a simile alike bold and happy. 
 
 Mountain-tops, where only snow 
 Dwells and the sunshine hurries coldly by. 
 The grand old legend of humanity. 
 
 " We are not now dwelling on the claims of ' Festus,' tempting 
 as is the task in the case of a work which is slipping from the ken 
 of modern readers, and for which is reserved a glorious revival. 
 
 a 2 
 
xvi JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Were it otherwise we could fill pages. We find in our favourite 
 edition of ' Festus ' more passages marked for approval or quota- 
 tion than in any work of its class. The modern reader forgets, or 
 has never heard, that on its first appearance Tennyson said he 
 could scarcely trust himself to say how much he admired it for 
 fear of falling into extravagance, that Thackeray spoke of its 
 author's genius, that Ebenezer Elliott, then a power in the land, 
 said it had poetry enough to set up fifty poets ; that, iri fact, all 
 the recognized critics whose opinions survive bore testimony to 
 its supreme gifts. When one takes into account that it was -nTitten 
 between twenty and twenty-three it may count as in its way unique. 
 Unfortunately, it was at once blossom and fruit, and what its 
 author subsequently accomplished is far from being of equal interest 
 or value .... 
 
 " Many of the lyrics in ' Festus ' are noteworthy, and one or 
 two of them are inspired. Though a desirable possession, the first 
 edition is not always the best form in ^vhich to read it. In later 
 editions some crudities are rectified, and some metrical advance 
 is recognizable." 
 
 Knight wrote an occasional poem himself, and his sonnet 
 ' Love's Martyrdom ' is No. CXIX. in William Sharp's ' Sonnets 
 of the Century.' By the kind permission of the Walter Scott 
 Publishing Company, I am able to reproduce it here : — 
 
 LOVE'S MARTYRDOM. 
 
 ' Love's Sweet — we will hold to Love for Love's sweet sake, 
 
 Martyrdom.' Seeing Love to us must be his own reward : 
 
 Haply we shall not find our task too hard, 
 Nor suffer from intolerable ache. 
 Yea, though henceforth our lives fisunder break. 
 
 From every comfort-giving hope debarr'd, 
 
 Love may support his martyrs, and the scarr'd 
 And wounded heart may triximph at the stake. 
 Sweet — not for us Love's guerdons : not for us 
 
 The boons which wont Love's constancy requite ; 
 No whisper of low voices tremulous, 
 
 Kiss, or caress,; no breath of Love's deUght : 
 Yet will we hold our joyless troth, and thus 
 
 Achieve Love's victory in Fate's despite. 
 
 Another instance of Knight's love of the sonnet is given 
 in The Athenofum for the 13th of January, 1906, where he quotes 
 the following sonnet of F6Ux Arvers, and afterwards " ventures 
 on a free and inadequate " rendering of it : — 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A. (^tat 60). 
 
 {Reproduced by pcnin'ssioii of Mc^^sis. Bassano. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 xvu 
 
 SONNET D'ARVERSi 
 
 Mon ame a son secret ; ma vie a son mystere, 
 
 Un amour 6ternel en tin moment congu : 
 lie mal est sans espoir aussi j'ai du le taire, 
 
 Bt celle qui I'a fait n'a jamais rien su. 
 H61as ! j'aurai passe pres d'elle inapergu, 
 
 Toujours a ses c6t6s et pourtant solitaire ; 
 
 AT.*™^ jusqu'au bout fait mon temps sur la terre 
 
 JSTosant rien demand^ et n' ay ant rien regu. ' 
 
 Pour ello, quoique Dieu I'ait fait douce et tendre, 
 Bile smt son chemin, distraite et sans entendre 
 
 Ce murmure d' amour soulev^ [61ev6 ?] sur ses pas. 
 A 1 austere devoir pieusement fidele. 
 Bile dira, lisant ses vers tout remplis d'elle, 
 
 " Quelle est done cette femme ? " et ne comprendra pas. 
 
 Teanslation by Joseph Knight. 
 One sweet, sad secret holds my heart in thrallj; 
 
 A mighty love within my breast has grown,' 
 
 Unseen, unspoken, and of no one known ; 
 And of my sweet, who gave it, least of all. 
 Close as the shadow that doth by her fall 
 
 I walk beside her evermore alone, 
 
 TiU to the end my weary days have flown, 
 With naught to hope, to wait for, to recall. 
 For her, though God hath made her kind as sweet. 
 Serene she moves, nor hears about her feet 
 
 These waves of love which break and overflow. 
 Yea ! she will read these Unes, where men may see 
 A whole life's longings, marvelHng, " Who is she 
 
 That thus canjmove him ? " and will never know. 
 
 ' Sonnet 
 d'Arvers.' 
 
 EDITOR OF ' NOTES AND QUERIES.' 
 
 It was in July, 1883, on the death of Turle, that Knight became 
 Editor of Notes and Queries, and from that date until the time 
 of his death our friendship and affection yearly increased. At 
 first the enormous amount of correspondence Knight had to wade 
 through as editor proved very irksome to one who was used to so 
 much activity ; but as he began to know those with whom he corre- 
 sponded, many became his friends. His vast learning they held in 
 respect, while his lovable nature and courteous manners endeared 
 him to all, and rendered him peculiarly fitted for the Editorship of 
 a paper with such special characteristics as ' N. & Q.,' of which 
 the Jubilee was celebrated in the number for the 4th of November, 
 1899, Mr. Knight contributing the following introductory article : — 
 
 " It has fallen to my lot to superintend the production of the 
 one hundredth volume of Notes and Queries, and thus in a sense 
 to preside over its jubilee. Fifty years constitute a considerable 
 
 Editor of 
 ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Jubilee of 
 'N. &Q.' 
 
xvm 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 period in the life of any man, and it is scarcely to be expected 
 that the originator of a periodical will take any personal share in 
 the proceedings at its fiftieth birthday. In the case of a work 
 such as Notes and Queries the probabilities of any such active 
 participation are reduced to a minimum. Not at aU the sort of 
 idea to germinate in the mind of active strenuous youth is that 
 of a work of this class. It is necessarily the conception of 
 the ripe scholar seeking further to gratify that thirst for 
 knowledge which is the strength or the ' infirmity of noble 
 minds.' How much efiort of how many men has been necessary 
 in order to bring Notes and Queries to its present standpoint of 
 efficiency and to its position as the indispensable companion 
 of every earnest literary writer Mr. Francis, in his admirably zealous 
 and competent record of its past history — a work which he alone 
 could have accomplished — now tells us, supplying a bright and 
 conscientious record of things beyond editorial ken, and taking 
 on himself a burden of which the editor was incapable. To that 
 labour of love, as he rightly styles it, and to the assistance rendered 
 him by other attached friends such as Notes and Queries has happily 
 been ever able to boast, I draw the reader's attention. Of my own 
 connexion with Notes and Queries it behoves me, even when bidden 
 to speak, to say little. My easy and agreeable duty has been to 
 maintain, so far as I was able, the traditions of my predecessors. 
 If the task has been satisfactorily accomplished, and if Notes and 
 Queries, as I venture to think, stands now as proudly eminent as 
 it has ever stood, the merit is not in any sense mine. A staff of 
 brilliant contributors keeps a constant and sometimes overflowing 
 and unmanageable supply of matter, with which I have only so far 
 to deal as to prevent frequent and needless repetition. These 
 contributors consist of erudite and, in a sense, leisured scholars 
 such as were, to mention two only who have passed away during 
 my tenure of office, the Rev. W. E. Buckley and the Rev. E. 
 Marshall, with others still happily living. Beside these come the 
 ripest scientists, antiquaries, philologists, and folk-lorists. I do 
 not hold an occasion such even as the present to justify any revela- 
 tions of the identity hidden behind famiUar pseudonyms or initials. 
 I may say, however, that this cloak of anonymity has again and 
 again shrouded the most illustrious individualities — the principal 
 statesmen, senators, warriors, ecclesiastics, and thinkers of the 
 day, Prime Ministers, Commanders-in-Chief, and sommites of every 
 description. If I might be allowed, indeed, to renew a request 
 which, as Mr. Francis shows, has previously been made, it would 
 be that some of those who obscure themselves behind a single 
 letter would, to paraphrase Waller, ' come forth ' and sufEer 
 themselves ' to be admired ' and helped. The search after know- 
 ledge is as honourable as it is fascinating, and the most eminent 
 in the land need not blush to appeal to the all-embracing wisdom 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xix 
 
 or information possessed by the aggregated contributors to Notes 
 and Queries. 
 
 " Nothing could be more grateful to me than to thank those 
 who during my tenure of office have kept Notes and Queries at its 
 present splendid height, and won for its editor in some outside 
 circles a credit for erudition he is as far from claiming as from 
 meriting — since, indeed, those are not wanting who hold that the 
 editor is bound to possess the omniscience which his contributors 
 supply. ' You the editor of Notes and Queries ! ' spoken with 
 flattering wonder, say those who marvel ' how one small brain 
 could carry all he ' was supposed to know. I have, however, as I 
 have previously said, no more right to express my gratitude than 
 any other who benefits. Name and work speak aloud for themselves, 
 and my only responsibility is that of the peacemaker who tries to 
 prevent discussion passing the bounds of courtesy and employing 
 terms that may rankle, or words that may gall — a task, on the 
 whole, lighter than might be imagined. 
 
 " It seems but yesterday that I stepped into the shoes of my 
 amiable and accomplished friend and predecessor Turle, yet I 
 now see that no long time needs elapse before I might be in the 
 position of seeing myself the longest occupant of the editorial 
 chair. During the years in which I have sat in this seat of honour, 
 the two great national undertakings of the ' New English Dictionary' 
 and the ' Dictionary of National Biography,' now rapidly approach- 
 ing completion, have made their public appearance, together with 
 that other and hardly less important work ' The Dialect Dictionary.' 
 With these I am proud to find Notes and Queries closely connected. 
 Association with them has added greatly to its claims to recognition. 
 Under the influence of the studies thus prosecuted, knowledge of 
 our illustrious dead is widely disseminated, and sound views on 
 philology are beginning to spread beyond the narrow limits of pro- 
 fessors and class-men. There still are philological free-lances who, 
 refusing to join any regularly constituted force, fight for their 
 own hand ; but their cause is hopeless and their protests are vain. 
 In the growth, expansion, and progress of these works what is of 
 most interest and importance in Notes and Queries is found. The 
 rest, so far as I am concerned, consists of records of pleasant and 
 honouring intimacies formed and of others broken by the great 
 and inevitable disruptor of all things. 
 
 " One more change, however, with which I have been associated 
 is the third migration of Notes and Queries, in common with the 
 Athenaeum, in March, 1892, from its old premises in Took's Court, 
 now occupied by Government offices, to its present quarters, and 
 the appearance of a series of views illustrating the old offices and 
 other spots of antiquarian interest in the neighbourhood. See 
 8 S. i. 261 et seq. 
 
XX 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 " Contributors to the First Series are still in our midst. They 
 may be more even than we are aware — for who shall say under what 
 disguises some who now sign their names at first concealed them- 
 selves ? Such must, however, be comparatively few. Those who 
 remain and those who are coming on are animated by the same 
 spirit, preserve the same traditions, and hold aloft the same banner. 
 Thoughts of battle are at present in men's minds, and the fact may 
 justify an illustration not likely otherwise to be employed. The 
 ranks of a corps are depleted and are filled again, yet the regiment 
 is the same. Its men are still preux, its colours are unchanged, 
 or when torn to shreds are renewed, the esprit de corps endures, 
 and the very nicknames — heroic, comic, or affectionate — are pre- 
 served. Through the changes Mr. Francis so graphically depicts. 
 Notes and Queries remains Notes and Queries, renders the same 
 service, inspires the same devotion. I might almost address my 
 associates and supporters as Henry V. addressed his scanty force 
 at Aginoourt : — • 
 
 We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. 
 A band of brothers the writers in Notes arid Queries have always 
 constituted, and there is, I venture to think, no other periodical 
 in the world in which exist such bonds of sympathy among its 
 contributors and such cordial support of those in a position of ' brief 
 authority.' " 
 
 The affection with which he was regarded by its con- 
 tributors was worldwide, and friends across the seas wrote 
 to me not long before his death, wishing him to be invited 
 to a banquet in 1909 to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Notes 
 and Queries. His own contributions to the paper were so 
 modestly put that they are difficult to trace, but notable among 
 these was his tribute to our late beloved Queen Victoria, 
 which appeared in ' N. & Q.' on Saturday, the 26th of January, 
 1901. Knight was desirous that fitting tribute should be rendered, 
 but was nervous about writing one to appear the same week, the 
 time being so short. I telegraphed to him how anxious I was that 
 it should appear, and in a couple of hours he brought me the follow- 
 ing, which was printed on the first page of the number. I mention 
 these details to show how truly Knight had the pen of a ready 
 writer : — 
 
 Death of 
 
 Queen 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. 
 
 " The saddest task that has yet fallen to Notes and Queries is 
 the record of the national loss. 
 
 " Born 24 May, 1819 ; died 22 January, 1901. These are the 
 simple outlines of fact which an empire's love and an unparalleled 
 historic record have filled in until a picture is constituted the 
 noblest, the grandest, the most splendid upon which the world has 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xxi 
 
 gazed. The reign has been longer — as it has been more brilliant — 
 than that of any previous sovereign. At present Britain may say 
 with Queen Constance. 
 
 To me and to the state of my great grief 
 Let kings assemble. 
 
 All rivalries and jealousies are forgotten, the rulers of the whole 
 world of civiUzation bring homage and tribute. No chronicle 
 attests a state of affairs so solemn, so sorrowful. Our thoughts 
 are wholly occupied with the illustrious dead. Yet even when so 
 absorbed what temptation to swelling pride presents itseK ! What, 
 beside Victoria, are Semiramis and Cleopatra ? What even is 
 our own Elizabeth, who presided over the birth of empire, com- 
 pared with the Queen who has borne its full state and burden ? 
 
 " That the tragedy of recent days has shortened and clouded 
 her life there is cause to fear. Her personal empire has, however, 
 been that of peace. Conspicuous and exceptional as in aU respects 
 has been her career, its chief glory is that it has maintained, in a 
 time when licence prevails, the purity of womanhood, the sanctity 
 of the family. On the wisdom of Victoria, her recognition of the 
 principles of constitutional rule, the gain to her councils of her 
 personal sway, history will speak. The meanest of her subjects 
 know, however, how her personal life has been worthy and pure, 
 how it has been founded on morality and established in righteous- 
 ness, an example of the principles on which national greatness is 
 founded and safe-guarded. As queen, as wife, as mother, in all that 
 is typical of England at its best, she claims and receives our homage, 
 our admiration, our tears." 
 
 ' THE DAILY GRAPHIC 
 
 For twelve years (1894 to 1906) Knight was the dramatic TJie Baily 
 critic of The Daily Graphic, and I am indebted to Mr. Hammond Graphic. 
 Hall, who was editor during the whole of that period, and to Mr. 
 Lionel P. Gowing, the present editor, for the following reminiscences. 
 Mr. Hammond Hall speaks of Knight's extreme conscientiousness 
 in his work, and the affection which he inspired in everybody with 
 whom he came in contact : — 
 
 " His duties on The Daily Graphic were very trying because, 
 owing to the exigencies of morning newspaper production, it was 
 necessary that his copy should be in the hands of the printers at 
 an hour little later than that of the fall of the curtam ; but his 
 criticism was never scamped ; it was always scholarly and thought- 
 ful. Whenever it was possible to do so, he would attend the dress 
 rehearsal of a new play. Then he would be present at the pubhc 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT, 
 
 Death of 
 William 
 Terriss. 
 
 Mafeking 
 night. 
 
 representation until the time for him to make his way to The Daily 
 Graphic. His daughter, or some other deputy upon whose judgment 
 he could rely, waited in the theatre until the curtain fell, and brought 
 on to him impressions of the closing scenes and of the demeanour 
 of the audience which sometimes, but not often, induced him to 
 make alterations in, or additions to, his proof. 
 
 " The critical value of his written notices was diminished some- 
 what by his exceeding good nature. He could not forget that the 
 failure of a play, while a matter of merely passing interest to the 
 pubUc for whom he wrote, might entail serious loss and suffering 
 to the producer and the players. I have known him to come into 
 the office bubbling over with indignation. ' This is absolutely the 
 worst play I have ever seen. It is an insult to offer it to the public, 
 and I hope you will let me say so in The Daily Graphic' ' Certainly,' 
 I would reply ; ' I rely entirely upon your judgment. If the play 
 is a bad one, say so as emphatically as you hke.' I knew well that 
 the unkindest word Joe Knight would dehberately write about the 
 honest work, however imperfect, of any human creature would 
 give him more pain than it would give its object. His judgment, 
 however, was always sound. He knew not only whether a play 
 was good or bad from the point of view of dramatic art, but whether 
 it would satisfy the pubhc. He would have made the fortune of 
 any theatrical manager who could have retained him as adviser, 
 and acted upon his advice. 
 
 " How beloved he was ! One might have supposed that the 
 younger members of the editorial staff had nothing else to do, so 
 ready were they to wait upon him on his arrival from the theatre. 
 They had their reward when his writing was finished and he would 
 regale them from his store of anecdote and reminiscence. 
 
 " At one of the excellent dinners he sometimes gave at the 
 Garrick Club, a message was brought to one of the guests — I think 
 it was Mr. Pinero^ — who announced that Terriss the actor had just 
 been assassinated at the entrance to his theatre. Knight was silent 
 for many minutes, took no notice of remarks addressed to him, 
 and seemed to be obhvious of his duties as host. Then he began in a 
 low voice to talk his thoughts, full of appreciation of the dead man, 
 and of sympathy for those who would suffer most severely by his 
 loss. 
 
 " No one who was in London on the night on which the news 
 arrived that Mafeking had been relieved can forget the astonishing 
 swiftness with which the news spread, and how streets which a 
 minute before had been half-empty, seemed to be instantly filled 
 with a wildly exultant crowd. Knight was at a theatre where the 
 news was proclaimed from the stage. There was a scene of great 
 enthusiasm, the audience standing up, waving their handkerchiefs, 
 and singing the National Anthem, Knight was as much pleased 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT, 
 
 XXIU 
 
 as anybody, but not unduly excited, and settled himself down 
 with his customary calm to criticize the remainder of the play. 
 On his coming out of the theatre, however, the shouting mass of 
 humanity in the street brought home to him the fuU. significance 
 of the news of the night. The contagion of collective emotion 
 overpowered him. ' My eyes were streaming with tears,' he 
 told me, ' and I was in danger of being mobbed for a pro-Boer 
 before I could get into a cab.' 
 
 '"What a memory the man had ! I never knew him to consult 
 a work of reference or make a misquotation. He seemed to have 
 all the classics by heart, and his recollections of the interesting 
 people he had known, and the interesting things they had said and 
 done, appeared to be inexhaustible. 
 
 " I had the privilege of taking the chair at the dinner which Dincerat the 
 his colleagues gave him at the Savoy on the occasion of his retire- Savoy. 
 ment from The Daily Graphic. He made a speech full of personal 
 anecdote of a deeply interesting character, and after dinner the 
 most of us gathered round to hsten to an exchange of reminiscences 
 between him and his old friend Ashby-Sterry." 
 
 Mr. Gowing tells me that " Knight always remained to correct 
 his proof — a necessary precaution, as his handwriting was not of the 
 most legible^ — and frequently he would then go to the Garrick 
 and write a notice of the play for the next day's Globe before going 
 home to bed," so that it should appear the same afternoon. He 
 never wrote a line in the theatre. 
 
 The Radical defeat in 1895 tempted him to the following 
 jeu d'esprit, which appeared in The St. James's Gazette on July 23rd, 
 1895, and which I give with the cordial permission of Mr. 
 C. Arthur Pearson. The same day Knight brought the paper and 
 read the Unes to me, laughing so heartily that he could hardly get 
 through them : — 
 
 THE BANNERMAN'S LAMENT. 
 
 Wherefor, wherefor do ye greet, 
 
 Tammy Ellis, Tammy Ellis ? 
 At the Radical defeat ? 
 
 Tammy Ellis mine. 
 Weel we ken ye were at faut. 
 
 Tammy Ellis, Tammy EUis ; 
 Nappin' this time ye've been caught, 
 
 Tammiy EUis mine. 
 'Tisna for the siller lost, 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy EUis, 
 T maun wail and count the cost. 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 'The 
 
 Bannerman's 
 
 Lament.' 
 
xxiv JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 But my merry men so true. 
 
 Tammy Ellis, Tammy Ellis, 
 Ruined, vanquished, all through you, 
 
 Tammy Elfis mine. 
 
 Ken ye weel, ye feckless loon. 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy Ellis, 
 What men of micht ye've overthrown ! 
 
 Tammy Ellis mine. 
 
 WithiQ Dalmeny's gilded bowers, 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy Elhs, 
 What vanquished victor groans and glowers ? 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 In Hawarden how the grand old chief. 
 
 Tammy Ellis, Tammy EUis, 
 Not e'en in post-cards finds relief ? 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 And there are woes more sacred yet. 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy EUis, 
 Thine offspring of Plantagenet, 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 Thine too Newcastle's doughty linight. 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy Ellis. 
 Dour in council, fierce in fight. 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 Irish boroughs bought and sold, 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy EUis — 
 Celtic seats wi' Saxon gold, 
 
 Tammy EUis mine — - 
 
 Canna make amends, I wot. 
 
 Tammy Elhs, Tammy EUis, 
 For evU sic as ye hae wrought, 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 Hide, mon, yere dishonoured pow. 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy Elhs, 
 Where nae man may see and know, 
 
 Tammy Ellis mine. 
 
 Where nae mortal sees or hears. 
 
 Tammy EUis, Tammy EUis, 
 And leave me, leave me to my tears. 
 
 Tammy EUis mine. 
 
 ' DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY.' 
 
 'D.N.B.' Of Knight's writings apart from the daily and weekly press, 
 
 his contributions to the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' 
 stand pre-eminent. In this monumental work, which we owe to 
 the patriotism of George Smith, there are no fewer than five hundred 
 biographies of actors and actresses by him, his name appearing in 
 the list of contributors in all but four of the sixty-six volumes. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xxv 
 
 Thanks to the courtesy of my friends Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., I 
 am able to give a complete list of these, and I have placed it at the 
 end of this memoir. 
 
 LIFE OF D. G. ROSSETTI. 
 
 Another work of Knight's, the life of Dante Gabriel Eossetti, D.G.Rossetti. 
 published by Walter Scott in 1887, has been pronounced by many 
 the best life of Rossetti that has yet been written ; and Mr. William 
 Michael Rossetti in his ' Reminiscences ' (published by Messrs. 
 Brown, Langham & Co. in 1906), in mentioning how his " brother 
 valued his [Knight's] discernment in poetical and other matters, 
 and liked his manly geniality, harmonizing with a very handsome 
 exterior," states regarding this life that "among all the records of 
 him [his brother] which have appeared, none is written in a kindlier 
 or fairer spirit than that of Mx. Knight — who can understand a 
 man of genius, prize his fine personal and intellectual qualities, 
 and make reasonable allowance for his peculiarities and defects " 
 (vol. ii. pp. 331-2). 
 
 The following letter from Dante Rossetti to Knight appears 
 in Knight's life of Rossetti, and is inserted by permission of the 
 Walter Scott Pubhshing Company : it is in reference to an article 
 written by Knight which appeared in Le Livre : — 
 
 WestcUfE Bungalow, Birchington-on-Sea, Kent, 
 5 March, /82. 
 My dear Knight, — Curiously enough, I had not till to-day 
 seen Le Livre for December and read (though I had heard of it from 
 Watts) your generous and unforgetf ul praise of one, whom you could 
 not speak of more warmly if we met as often as I could wish. Of 
 the article's purport I hardly have a right to speak further, but 
 can more pardonably dwell on its true hterary quality. I do not 
 gather, of course, whether the French is your own or rendered by 
 another. In either case the tone could not be more akin to the 
 language. I have come here for a short time, being much out of 
 health. Watts is with me to-day, and sends his truest remem- 
 brances from the sofa where he is reading your article. I have not 
 seen the Marstons for some time, but must try to do so on my return 
 to London, and I do hope you and I may yet again foregather. I 
 have been penning a few verses to-day in lack of other occupation. 
 I write with this to Ellis & White to send you a copy of the new- 
 edition of my old Poems. In ' Sister Helen ' (which I remember 
 you always liked) there is an addition which (though it sounds 
 alarming at first) has quite secured Watts' suffrage. 
 With love from what is left of me, 
 
 Yours affectionately, 
 
 D. G. Rossetti. 
 
XXVUl 
 
 JOSEPH KNTIGHT. 
 
 Garrick and 
 Sheridan. 
 
 First 
 
 Circulating 
 
 Library. 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 Knight also wrote a life of Garrick, published by Kegan Paul 
 in 1894, and edited ' The Dramatic Works of Sheridan,' issued 
 by Henry Frowde ia 1906. On the last day of the latter year he 
 wrote to me in reference to it : — 
 
 " To-day I left with Mr. Randall for you a copy of the Sheridan, 
 which, though of httle worth, you will prize as in fact mine. To- 
 morrow will begin 1907, which I trust will be a happy and prosperous 
 year for yoiu'self and all who belong to you. I left for your perusal 
 a very kmd and effusive letter of our good friend Ebsworth. Your 
 nephew will tell you my views on that. I am very proud of his 
 good opinion, which is indeed a much coveted and very honoiuiig 
 tribute. I don't want, however, to push myseK or blow my own 
 trumpet in ' N. & Q.' Do with the matter, however, as you wish. 
 God bless you at this and every other time." 
 
 Although his contribution to the Sheridan volume is Umited 
 to 32 pages, he brings much of his own special knowledge and research 
 to the brief and succinct notes. For instance, in reference to the 
 formation of a Pubhc Circulating Library in London he quotes 
 the first entry relating to circulating Ubraries in the ' New English 
 Dictionary,' being an advertisement dated June 12th, 1742, Lib- 
 rarian Samuel Fancourt; and in 1783 The Gentleman's Magazine, 
 p. 941, mentions a statement that " the first circulating library 
 was opened by the Rev. Mr. Fancourt. . . .fifty or sixty years ago. 
 It was afterwards removed to Crane Court, Fleet Street " ('N.E.D.,' 
 ii. p. 427). Mr. Fancourt died in poverty in London at the age of 
 ninety in 1768. There is a full and interesting account of him 
 and his projects in the ' Dictionary of National Biography.' 
 Ebsworth's praise of the Sheridan book was specially gratifying 
 to Knight, as Ebsworth's grandfather Robert Fairbrother (p. 290) 
 had been an intimate friend of the dramatist. 
 
 Sylvanus 
 Urban. 
 
 ' THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.' 
 
 A correspondent in The Times on the 1st of July, 1907, called 
 attention, in the following terms, to the fact that no mention 
 had been made of Knight's " Sylvanus Urban " papers in The 
 Gentleman's Magazine : — 
 
 "Few men were so well fitted to fill the historic chair of that writer 
 as Mr. Knight : he combined the urbanity of a true man of letters 
 with the syl vanity (if it may be called so) of a Yorkshireman who never 
 allowed the traces of his origin to be whittled away by a long life in 
 London .... His minute intimacy with English and French literature 
 of all dates was the more surprising in that he had enjoyed none 
 of the usual facilities of education, and had acquired it entirely of his 
 own initiative." 
 
JOSEPH lOiflGHT. 
 
 On the purchase of The Gentleman's Magazine by Messrs. Chatto 
 & Windus from Mr. Richard Gowing, who had edited it from 1874 
 to 1877, Knight became a contributor, and his articles appeared 
 tiU within a very short time before his death. My friend Mr. 
 Andrew Chatto has kindly shown me Knight's letters received by 
 him during that period. These breathe all through the most kindly 
 friendship and mutual regard. In a letter of the 17th of June, 
 1878, we find Knight ready to stand to his guns : — 
 
 " The paragraph about the Ministry you must read and judge 
 about. I think it very important, but I cannot give up my au- 
 thority. If you think it will cause an injury, I must stand it myself, 
 as I will not bring others into a scrape. I am told it on good 
 authority, and I think, if the newspapers don't get it, it is very im- 
 portant for us ... . The few lines about my poor friend Sir Thomas 
 Hardy might go also." 
 
 On the 12th of December, 1881, Knight writes : — 
 
 " Thanks for the ' Mary Stuart.' I have made a reference or 
 two to it in ' Table Talk.' 
 
 " My object in writing is just to say that I have only to-day 
 been able to finish ' Joseph's Coat.' It certainly is a strikingly 
 powerful, ingenious, and original novel. It is sympathetic also. 
 Once or twice in the book I smell artifice, my scent being particularly 
 keen, as it ought to be ; but I think the author one of the first 
 men of the day among novelists, and I paid him the compliment 
 of shedding a few tears." The author was the late David Christie 
 Murray. 
 
 ' Joseph's 
 Coat.' 
 
 THE LAUREATESHIP. 
 
 Another publication of Messrs. Chatto & Windus to which 
 Knight occasionally contributed was The Idler. In 1895 the 
 editor invited literary friends to contribute about two hundred 
 words each on the selection of the next Poet Laureate. The 
 following were those who complied : Sir Edwin Arnold, William 
 Sharp, F. W. Robinson, Oscar Wilde, Coulson Kernahan, George 
 Gissing, Norman Gale, Aaron Watson, Joseph Knight, I. Zangwill, 
 Grant Allen, George Manville Fenn, William Archer, John Strange 
 Winter, Clement Scott, Barry Pain, Richard Le Gallienne, Clark 
 Russell, G. B. Burgin, Bernard Shaw, John Davidson, and E. Nesbit. 
 Each of the replies, which appeared in the April number of The 
 Idler, was illustrated by a small portrait of the author by Louis 
 Gunnis and Penryn Stanley. Knight thus stated his views :— 
 
 "The only man who could accept the Laureateship is Mr. 
 Swinburne, Mr. Morris's politics putting him out of the running. 
 J cannot think the gentlemen who supply us with a constant stream 
 
 5 
 
 The Poet 
 Laureate. 
 
XXX JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 of verse— epic, lyric, dramatic, what not — possessing every attrac- 
 tion and quality except the essential, could seriously challenge the 
 verdict of the ages upon their presumption. To do so would show 
 a lack of the sense of humour, with which I hesitate to credit them. 
 Among our fledgeling bards, I find none who has, as yet, beaten out 
 his music, or whose young wings have carried him near the higher 
 peaks of Parnassus. There is abundance of excellent verse. 
 Almost everybody, nowadays, writes it. Poetry in these days is the 
 blossom of most intelligent minds. Only when it becomes fruit 
 is the world concerned with it. A single lyric in ' Atalanta ' or 
 ' Songs and Ballads ' outweighs all the remaining verse issued in 
 the United Kingdom. These opinions will, I know, if read, be 
 distasteful to many worthy gentlemen whom I greatly respect. 
 It is not my fault. It was not I who wrote : — 
 
 Mediooribus esse poetis, 
 Non homines, non Di, non concessere columnae. 
 
 As this is a popular magazine, I give Conington's translation : — 
 
 But gods and men and booksellers agree 
 To place their ban on middling poetry. 
 
 If I were one of our minor bards, whom somebody approached on 
 the subject of my claim to the Laureateship, I should look for the 
 tongue in the cheek, or wonder whether I had incurred some con- 
 cealed animosity. If Mr. Swinburne may not have the post, and 
 I know there are some difficulties, let it be abolished. I do not wish 
 to reduce the meagre recognition awarded to letters, but to fall 
 from the height it has attained to its former level would be a 
 dangerous experiment even for the Laureateship." 
 
 It would be pleasant to dwell upon the friendships formed by 
 Knight, but these were so numerous that I find it impossible even 
 to give the names of those by whom he was surrounded. It could 
 truly be said of him : — 
 
 O well for him that finds a friend. 
 Or makes a friend, where'er he come ; 
 And loves the world from end to end, 
 And wanders on from home to home. 
 
 Westland At the Simday evening gatherings at the house of his dearest 
 
 Marston. ^f gj^ friends, John Westland Marston, he met hosts of Hterary 
 and interesting people, and for years Knight and his wife would 
 dine at Marston's on Christmas Day. In later years, when Dr. 
 Marston and his son PhiUp Bourke were alone left, they would 
 dine at Knight's house and keep Christmas there. Mrs. Knight 
 tells me : "I was very intimate with them all. There is not one 
 of them left ; even Dr. Garnett and his wife are gone. Miss Pumell 
 was a special friend of mine, but she died soon after her brother," 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 It will be remembered that Philip Bourke Marston died on p.B.Marston. 
 the 14th of February, 1887, at the early age of thirty-seven. An 
 obituary notice of him by Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton appeared 
 in The Athenceum on the 19th, and a poem, full of love and sympathy, 
 from the same pen in the following week. In the notice Mr. Watts- 
 Dunton writes of the Sunday reunions that " few were more enjoy- 
 able," for there " might be met occasionally Dante Rossetti, William 
 Rossetti, Swinburne, William Morris, John Payne, Joaquin Miller, 
 Dr. Hake, Henry Irving, Miss Ada Cavendish, Joseph Knight, 
 Thomas PumeU, and others of the Uterary and dramatic world." 
 Dr. Marston survived his son but three short years, dying in 1890. 
 
 " Tom " Pumell, as he was affectionately called by his Tom Pumell. 
 friends, died on the 17th of December, 1889. He had a bright, 
 handsome face, fuU of vivacity, and was of an affectionate nature. 
 He never allowed New Year's Day to pass without coming to wish 
 me a happy New Year, and he told me that during his long iUness 
 his delight was in reading my book about The Athenceum. He had 
 a great regard for my father, and once said to me, " We all love 
 your father." It is a loss to literature that, with all his wide range 
 of knowledge and pleasing style of writing, he should not have left 
 a more permanent mark. The only two works I remember of his 
 are the essay on Charles Lamb, in which he was aided by the recol- 
 lections of Lamb's adopted daughter, and which is included in 
 the correspondence published by Moxon in 1870 ; and his 
 collection of articles signed Q, the publication of which by Messrs. 
 Chapman & Hall I had the pleasure of arranging. 
 
 DINNER TO KNIGHT. 
 
 On the 4th of July, 1905, the dramatic profession honoured ^'^"''^^fj^'^'' 
 Knight by giving him a dinner at the Savoy, Irving being in the chair, profusion. 
 He laughingly told me that " this was the first time that the sheep 
 had entertained the wolf." Every one of note connected with the 
 dramatic world in England was present, while France was repre- 
 sented by M. Coquelin, Madame Rejane, and Madame Bartet, of the 
 Com^die Frangaise. It was really a tribute of affection and 
 regard, and showed that actors recognized to the fuU how just 
 and honest he was in all his criticisms. Of course the menu brought 
 in the names of some of those present, winding up with a Canope 
 Joseph Knight. 
 
 On the 3rd of June, 1906, he had the happiness of celebrating 
 his Golden Wedding. In reply to my congratulations I received 
 the following : — 
 
 " Yes, the 3rd of June, 1856, was the day selected because 
 that day I was the same age exactly as was my father on his wedding. 
 I knew that I could count on your sympathy. 
 
 b 2 
 
 His Golden 
 Wedding. 
 
xxxii JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 " Thank you a thousand times for your kind wishes and 
 congratulations, and all the good things — ^far too good for me — 
 which you say. It is in its way a record that both the grand- 
 parents (all four of them, that is) of my granddaughter Beatrice 
 Forbes Robertson kept their Golden Wedding. Ah, fifty years 
 together is a tremendous time, and considering that we have lost 
 no children, we have indeed been blest, and have every cause 
 for gratitude. My friendships have also been propitious, and 
 amongst the best of them I count your unflinching kindness, of 
 which my wife is as sensible as I am myself. She joins with me in 
 affectionate salutations to you and Mrs. Francis. 
 
 " A curious thing was to-day's false announcement of the 
 death of Baring-Gould. It kept me at home writing a biography' 
 which after all was not needed. Poor Toole lingers on, does he not? ' , 
 
 With the beginning of 1907 Knight was only occasionally 
 able to come down to the office, so that our correspondence became 
 more frequent. On the 7th of January he wrote in reference to 
 Ebsworth, whose health at that time gave cause for anxiety : — 
 
 J. w. " I had no idea things were so severe with Mr. Ebsworth. 
 
 Ebsworth. That there was some failure of vitality I knew, but did not think 
 things went further. This weather plays havoc with old friends. 
 I noticed the death of two in this morning's paper : Sir Henry de 
 Bathe and poor, bright, ' Bimbash ' Stewart, both distinguished 
 men .... Mr. Ebsworth has done much excellent and some great 
 work. You did right to associate me with your thanks .... I 
 hope you will give me memoir of Ebsworth when necessary : he 
 will be a great loss." 
 
 On the 27th of January he writes in reference to the sale of 
 Ebsworth's books : — 
 
 " Yes, please send in a notice of Escott's book, which I have 
 not received. Please also announce the sale of Ebsworth's books. 
 Of this I am profoundly sorry to hear. That a worker so noble, 
 so competent, and so disinterested as he should find himself com- 
 pelled to part with — that is, to give away under the pretence 
 of selling — his beloved books is very cruel. I wish he knew how 
 thoroughly I sympathize with him, bless him ! " 
 
 The sale took place at the rooms of Messrs. Puttick & Simpson 
 on Thursday, the 28th of February, and the following day. The 
 total amount reaUzed was 5201. The three highest prices were 
 S. R. Gardiner's ' History of England,' 2 vols., first edition, 16Z. 155. ; 
 BuUen's ' Old Enghsh Plays,' 9^, 2s. 6d. ; and Southey's copy of 
 Landor's poetry, 91, 5s, 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 XXXlll 
 
 F. G; STEPHENS. 
 
 On the 9th of March, 1907, I received from Holman Frederic Death o£ 
 Stephens the sad news that his father had died that morning, quite F. g. 
 suddenly and without pain, while seated at his writing-tahle. Stephens. 
 Knight, who was then very ill, wrote to me the following pathetic 
 letter, dated the 11th of March, in reply to mine announcing the 
 loss of our dear old friend : — 
 
 " I did not think I should have to mourn any one, least of aU 
 our dear Stephens. I have sent on a few words, utterly unworthy. 
 All I can say is that they are the best I can do. My power is quite 
 exhausted, and I must ruefully lay down what I am no longer 
 able to discharge. The doctor will not hear of my attendance 
 at our poor friend's funeral. Indeed, it would not be possible 
 for me to pay the last tributes to one of the best of good fellows. 
 
 "What an admirable notice of Longfellow is that with which 
 you enrich our columns ! Very unlike the grudging and 
 
 passably churlish utterance of the criticism of the day I shall, 
 
 if possible, come down to-morrow, but I am very unwell and unfit." 
 
 The following is Knight's tribute, which appeared in ' N. & Q.' 
 on the 16th of March : — 
 
 " The death, sudden and painless, on the 9th inst., of F. G. 
 Stephens, the well-known art critic of The Athenceum for many years, 
 deprives 'N. & Q.' of a valued contributor. Under his own signa- 
 ture, or that, scarcely less familiar, of 0, he supplied during a long 
 period much important information, largely, but not wholly, con- 
 cerned with artistic subjects. Four weeks ago we printed a long 
 reply from him on the subject of a picture by Rossetti ; and our 
 number for last Saturday, the day on which he passed away, con- 
 tained a short communication from him, supplementing his former 
 one. His death reduces to two — Holman Hunt and W. M. Rossetti 
 — the list of the Pre-Raphaelite Brethren, one of the original 
 members, and to a certain extent an historian, of which he was. 
 A man of wide range of knowledge, he was, like all students 
 and experts, ever ready in supplying to others the information 
 with which his memory was charged, and was one of the most 
 amiable as well as the most erudite of men. It is difiicult to appraise 
 the services he rendered to the most earnest and enlightened pursuit 
 of modern art. Our personal loss cannot easily be estimated. 
 He has left a durable monument to his name in the volumes of the 
 ' Catalogue of Satirical Prints ' which he edited for the Trustees of 
 the British Museum."^ 
 
 His funeral took place at Brompton Cemetery on Thursday, His funeral. 
 the 14th of March, a service being previously held at St. Peter's, 
 Hammersmith, at which his only son Holman, the Right Hon. Sir 
 
xxxiv JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Charles W. Dilke and myself, his old friend Mr. William Michael 
 Rossetti, Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema, Messrs. Bryan and Allen 
 Hook, Mr. H. Walhs, Mr. A. Hughes, Mr. Daniel, Mr. AUan, Mrs. 
 Woolner, the Misses LinneU, and Mr. A. H. Fisher were among those 
 present. Mr. Rossetti, in writing to me on the 17th of March, 
 refers to his " intimate friendship " with Stephens, " of nearly 
 59 years. He was extremely — I might almost say singularly — 
 fond of me ; and I was not far behind with him." Mr. Rossetti 
 has much to say of him in his volumes of ' Reminiscences,' and 
 weU describes him as having " an attractive person and face (still 
 [1906] not very greatly impaired by the inroads of age) so thoughtful 
 and picturesque as to be well adapted for the Ferdinand of MiUais 
 in his painting of ' Ferdinand and Ariel,' and for the Christ of Madox 
 Brown in his picture (now in the National Gallery) of Christ washing 
 Peter's feet.... I was from the first," continues Mr. Rossetti, 
 " fond of Stephens, and do not scruple to say that he, at least 
 as much as any other mind aUve or dead, has always been and still 
 is fond of me — the kindhest and most persistent of friends." 
 
 Through the kindness of Stephens's son, I saw my old friend 
 in his coffin, and we both remarked the marvellous resemblance 
 to the art portraits of our Saviour. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 Death of Knight's letter about Stephens was almost the last I received 
 
 Knight. from him ; his wife kindly wrote for him, as the weakness was 
 rapidly increasing ; but many a pleasant chat I had with him. He 
 was cheerful to the last, and often expressed surprise at having 
 so much kindness shown to him. " Why are people so good to 
 me ? " he would say, with that smile on his face that all who knew 
 him will keep in lasting remembrance. The end came in the 
 early morning of Sunday, the 23rd of June, the anniversary 
 of my only sister's death ; and on the following Thursday, after 
 a service at St. Paul's Church, Camden Square, just opposite his 
 house, he was laid to rest in Highgate Cemetery. Among those 
 who followed the flower-laden coffin from the house were his widow, 
 his daughters Mrs. Ian Forbes Robertson and Mrs. Mansel Sympson, 
 with her husband Dr. Sympson of Lincoln ; his brother, his nephew, 
 and Sir Charles Dilke and myself. Among those in the church 
 or who met at the grave were my wife ; Mr. Vernon RendaU, the 
 present editor of The Athenceum and also of Notes and Queries; 
 Mr. J. Edward Francis ; Mr. Walkley, the dramatic critic of The 
 Times ; Capt. Helbert, Mr. James Douglas, Mr. Beerbohm Tree, 
 Mr. Harland-Oxley, Mr. Slate, and Mr. John Randall. 
 
JOSEPH IvNIGHT. xxsv 
 
 ■'q^® ^"^^^^ ^^ ^ *^® ^^"^ portion of the Highgate Cemetery 
 (JNo. 36,819). A block of pure white marble marks our friend's 
 resting-place : " In ever-loving memory of Joseph Knight, F.S.A., 
 bom May 24th, 1829 ; died June 23rd, 1907. Ave Atque Vale." 
 
 Knight left two grandchildren — Thomas Mansel Sympson, 
 now at Cambridge, and Beatrice Forbes Robertson. To Knight's 
 great grief, his younger grandson, Hilary Reginald Mansel Sympson, 
 died, after a short iUness, on the 26th of February, 1907, at Charter- 
 house. He was not quite sixteen. 
 
 Among the letters of sympathy received by Mrs. Knight was a„„;pt„ .f 
 the foUowing from the Society of Dramatic Critics, dated the 2nd DramJtic 
 of July, 1907 :— Critics. 
 
 Staple Inn Buildings (South), Holbom, W.C. 
 Deab Madam, — I am instructed by the Society of Dramatic 
 Critics to convey to you and your family the expression of 
 their profound sympathy in the irreparable loss which you have 
 sustained. 
 
 At a meeting of the Council of that Society held to-day at the 
 above address, the following resolution was unanimously carried ; 
 " The Society of Dramatic Critics desires to place on record its 
 sense of the loss which it has sustained by the death of Mr. Joseph 
 Knight, one of its first Honorary Members, who during the course 
 of a long and honourable career upheld the dignity of the profession, 
 and enjoyed the universal esteem of his colleagues." 
 
 I have the honour to be. Dear Madam, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 F. MoY Thomas 
 
 (Hon. Sec). 
 Mrs. Joseph Knight. 
 
 As soon as Knight's death became known, the press, with one 
 accord, paid tribute to him. No discordant note was heard ; each 
 writer seemed anxious to vie with the other in referring to the genial 
 critic's honesty of purpose and his many acts of goodness. His 
 kindly nature often caused him to feel pain when he had to con- 
 demn ; and I always associated him as a critic in this respect with 
 Charles Wentworth DUke, of whom it has been written: "His 
 kindly nature made him far more happy to add a name to the roll 
 of fame than when removing an unworthy one from it." 
 
 Mr. James Douglas, who knew Knight intimately, thus describes 
 him in M.A.P. on the 6th of July, 1907 :— 
 
 " I have known many great men, but I have never known a James 
 man with a greater soul than his. He was one of those giants Douglas. 
 whose personahty is more splendid than their work. The full 
 
XX XVI 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGH'T. 
 
 fragrance of his character was felt only by those who heard him 
 talk, who saw the large presence of the man, who felt the warm 
 clasp of his generous hand, and who saw the rich humour of his 
 jovial eye." 
 
 Ebsworth also wrote on the 5th of July : — 
 
 J. W. " From my earliest knowledge of your husband, long years 
 
 Ebsworth. ago, he had been to me dear beyond expression. You will forgive 
 me, therefore, for what is almost an intrusion in the midst of your 
 overwhelming trouble, when there must be multitudinous corre- 
 spondents that need a reply ; but I wish you to feel that all I 
 personally require is your simple acceptance of my tribute, like a 
 white rosebud laid upon his hallowed grave. Nay, it was already 
 awaiting him, with my hearty best love, whilst I knew that he still 
 breathed with his dear family around him .... I have been longing 
 to send to you and Mrs. Robertson the poem .... which I now 
 transcribe .... as intensely applicable to our best of men Joe 
 Knight : — 
 
 In Anticipative Memory of the Beloved Joseph Knight, F.S.A. 
 
 WHOM HAVE I KNOWN ? 
 
 ' Whom Have Whom have I known that I remember best ? 
 
 I Known 1 ' Whom do I feel that I most truly loved ? 
 
 Who fixed his image never to be moved 
 From the clasp' d cabinet of m.y brain and breast ? 
 Was it not he of wise and chaste desire — 
 
 Of brightest thought, yet sweetest modesty ; 
 With tongue of eloquence and eye of fire ? 
 
 Yet unaware of how he stood so high, 
 From never looking down on any guest. 
 
 Was it not he who, as a gracious KInioht 
 
 Curbs his steed, proudly reined his temper in ; 
 
 Whose simple presence was rebuke to sin ; 
 Whose manly charity was death to spite ; 
 Who looked on morbid foibles with a glance. 
 
 Of tenderness ; who knew to list as well 
 As to discourse with kingly utterance ; 
 
 Who scorn' d to wound where, if a harsh word fell, 
 The wound were deadly as the adder's bite ? 
 
 To greatest minds the least is ever known 
 
 Of their own greatness ; theirs the towering thought 
 That dwarfs each noble deed themselves have wrought. 
 
 Likest to god, and nearest to His throne, 
 
 Are they who under blatant oalimmies 
 
 Keep mute the tongue can fulmine to the skies 
 
 For others' right ; whom simple pleasures please, 
 And who, o'er heights of toil and sacrifice. 
 
 Find their chief meed in thoughts of duty done. 
 
Joseph knight. xxxvii 
 
 Ebsworth had previously shown his esteem for Joseph Knight 
 by dedicating to him in 1889, in his ' Roxburghe Ballads,' " the first 
 group of Trades and Sports." He did so in the following terms : 
 
 TO JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 " A gentle Knight was pricking on the plaine." 
 
 Spenser's ' Faerie Queene,' Canto I. " A gentle 
 
 Knight." 
 
 DEDICATED, 
 
 In Affectionate Esteem, 
 
 To One whose Knowledge of our English Drama is that of a 
 
 Scholar, unrivalled also in recognizing the excellence 
 
 of Acting with competent judgment of the traiaed 
 
 Critic; generously according praise where 
 
 praise may be deserved ; never unkind 
 
 or unjust, when constrained 
 
 to condemn. 
 
 Through rain and sleet, where wild winds rage and moil 
 On many a cheerless road, men journeying fret. 
 Jaded, till from thy hand warm clasp they get, 
 
 Old Friend ! whom Time and Chance lack power to spoil. 
 
 Soon ShufHing-off their weary mortal-coil, 
 Even as they flung hence garments soiled or wet, 
 Pleased to have paid in full stern Nature's debt. 
 
 Haste they to climes where none need grieve or toil. 
 
 Keep on thy way ! secure of love and praise. 
 Never repining, while our world may wag ; 
 
 Is there one grudges thee thy blithsome days 7 
 Good-Fellowship can nowhere pine or flag 
 
 Holding thy genial presence, that out-weighs 
 Ten-fold each prize in Fortune's Lucky-Bag. 
 
 7. viii. 1889. J. W. E. 
 
 Capt. Helbert wrote to me on the 5th of July : "I cannot 
 write about our dear friend. I seem dazed when I put pen to 
 paper ; the shock of his loss still hangs upon me. His courtesy 
 and tender-heartedness were remarkable in these days of rush. 
 How gentle and loving were his words and works ! " Capt. Helbert 
 survived his old friend only a few months. 
 
 Ebsworth wrote to me : " He who has left us was dearly 
 loved by all who had the privilege of knowing him, and can man 
 cease to be hallowed in memory as he himself would have wished, 
 modest and self-retentive from all conceit and vainglory though 
 he was. We were both of us privileged to know and love this noble 
 man long and uncloudedly." 
 

 J Kit 
 
 roru 
 
 > ei 
 I" 
 
 m' 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. xxxix 
 
 the books for the second sale were in the auction-rooms, a friend 
 offered to purchase the whole of them and present them to him. 
 Aft«r his death Mr. Francis Edwards bought his remaining books. 
 Among these were works he had retained for special use. There 
 were also many private issues of plays, and Mr. Edwards's catalogue 
 of the books contained a facsimile of the title-page of Knight's 
 earhest production, ' The Sea by MoonUght,' which I have reprinted 
 in the account of his schooldays. 
 
 Among general literature was Peter Cunningham's edition of Mr. Henry 
 ' Walpole's Letters,' 9 vols., Bentley, 1891. This was a presenta- Arthur Jones. 
 tion copy, and contained the following inscription : — 
 
 " A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man. 
 
 That fro the time that he firste began 
 
 To riden out he loved ohevalrie, 
 
 Trouthe and honour, fredom and curtesie." 
 
 " Full Jolly Knight he seemed, and faire did sit." 
 
 " Are these your letters. Knight ? " 
 
 Henry Aethue Jones. 
 
 I feel that I am speaking for aU Knight's friends, as well as 
 specially on behalf of that " band of brothers " of which it has been 
 my high privilege to be one, when I say that no words can better 
 describe the characteristics of that ripe scholar and perfect gentle- 
 man, the late Editor of Notes and Queries, than these : — 
 
 TRUTH, HONOUR, FREEDOM, COURTESY. 
 
si 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 KNIGHT'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ' DICTIONARY 01 
 NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY.' 
 
 Bacon, Phanuel. 
 
 ,, Robert. 
 Baddeley, Robert. 
 „ Sophia. 
 
 Baker, Thomas. 
 Bancroft, John. 
 Bannister, Charles. 
 
 ,, John. 
 
 Barry, Elizabeth. 
 
 „ Ludovick. 
 
 ,, Spranger. 
 
 „ Mrs. Spranger. 
 Bartley, George. 
 
 Mrs. 
 Beard, John. 
 Becher, Eliza, Lady 
 Beckingham, Charles. 
 Bedford, Paul. 
 Bellamy, George Anne. 
 Bennett, George John. 
 Bensley, Robert. 
 Bernard, John. 
 Betterton, Thomas. 
 Beverley, Henry Roxby. 
 BiclmeU, Mrs. 
 Bland, John. 
 Bonnar, Charles. 
 Booth, Barton. 
 
 „ Junius Brutus. 
 
 „ Sarah. 
 Bourne, Reuben. 
 Boutel, Mrs. 
 Boyce, Samuel. 
 
 „ Rev. Thomas. 
 Bracegirdle, Anne. 
 Bradshaw, Ann Maria. 
 Brand, Hannah. 
 Brandon, Samuel. 
 Brenan, Mr. 
 Bridges, Thomas. 
 Brooke, Gustavus V. 
 Brough, Robert Barnabas. 
 
 „ William. 
 Bryce, Oscar. 
 Bxillock, Christopher. 
 
 „ William. 
 Bunn, Alfred. 
 
 ,, Margaret Agnes. 
 Burnaby, Charles. 
 Byron, Henry James. 
 
 Cargill, Anne. 
 
 Carlell, Lodowick. 
 
 Carlile, James. 
 
 Cartwright, George. 
 
 Cavendish, Margaret. 
 
 Celeste, Elliot. 
 
 Centliore, Susannah. 
 
 Charke, Charlotte. 
 
 Chatterley, Wm. 
 
 Chelwood, Wm. Rufus. 
 
 Cherry, Andrew. 
 
 Cibber, CoUey. 
 
 Clarke, John. 
 
 Clay, James. 
 
 Cobb, James. 
 
 Cobham, Thomas. 
 
 Cookings, George. 
 
 Coffey, Charles. 
 
 Cobnan, George the Elder. 
 „ George the Younger. 
 
 Compton, Henry. 
 
 Connor, Charles. 
 
 Conway, Wm. Augustus. 
 
 Cooke, George. 
 „ George F. 
 ,, Thomas Potter. 
 
 Cooper, John. 
 
 Corey, John. 
 Cowley, Haimah. 
 Craven, Louisa, Countess of. 
 Dance, Charles. 
 D'Avenant, Sir WiUiam. 
 Davenport, Mary Ann. 
 Davies, Mary. 
 Davison, Maria Rebecca. 
 Delpini, Carlo Antonio. 
 Dennis, Delane. 
 Digges, West. 
 Dodd, James William. 
 Doggett, Thomas. 
 Downes, John. 
 Edwin, Elizabeth Rebecca. 
 „ John the Elder. 
 „ John the Younger. 
 Egerton, Daniel. 
 „ Sarah. 
 EUiston, Robert William. 
 Elrington, Thomas. 
 Elton, Edward William. 
 Emery, John. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 xli 
 
 Emery, Samuel Anderson, 
 Estcourt, Richard. 
 Evans, John. 
 Farren, Elizabeth. 
 
 „ Henry. 
 
 „ WiUiam. 
 Fawcett, John. 
 Feohter, Charles Albert. 
 Fennell, James, 
 ii'ield, Nathaniel. 
 Fisher, Catherine Maria. 
 
 „ David the Elder. 
 
 ,, David the Younger. 
 Fitzhenry, Mrs. 
 FitzwiUiam, Edward. 
 
 Fanny Elizabeth 
 Fleming, Miss. 
 Foote, Maria. 
 
 ,, Samuel. 
 Gardner, Mrs. 
 Garrick, David. 
 Genest, John. 
 Gentleman, Francis, 
 Gibbs, Mrs. 
 Gilburne, Samuel. 
 GUliland, Thomas. 
 Glover, Edmnud. 
 
 „ Julia. 
 Glyn, Isabella Dallas. 
 GoodaU, Charlotte. 
 Goughe, Robert. 
 Griffin, Benjamin. 
 Grimaldi, Joseph. 
 Gwyn, Eleanor. 
 Haines, Joseph. 
 Hamilton, Mrs. 
 Harley, George Davies. 
 Harper, John. 
 Harris, Augustus Glossop. 
 
 Joseph (fl. 1661-81). 
 
 „ Joseph (fl. 1661-S9). 
 „ Thomas. 
 Hart, Charles. 
 Hartley, Mrs. 
 Havard, WiUiam. 
 Hemminge, John. 
 Henderson, John. 
 Hill, James. 
 Hippisley, John. 
 Holland, Charles (1733-69). 
 
 Charles (1768-1849). 
 Hohnan, Joseph George. 
 Honey, George. 
 „ Laura BeU, 
 
 Horden, Hildebrand. 
 Horton, Christiana. 
 Hughes, Margaret. 
 Hulet, Charles. 
 Hull, Thomas. 
 Humby, Mrs. 
 Huntley, Francis. 
 Inchbald, Elizabeth. 
 Jackson, John. 
 Jarman, Frances Eleanor. 
 Johnson, Benjamin. 
 Johnston, Henry Erskine. 
 Jones, Avonia. 
 
 „ Frederick Edward, 
 „ Richard. 
 Jordan, Dorothea. 
 Kean, Charles John. 
 „ Edmund. 
 „ Ellen. 
 Keeley, Robert. 
 Kemble, Charles. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth. 
 „ Henry Stephen, 
 „ John Philip. 
 „ Maria Theresa. 
 ,, Prisoilla. 
 „ Roger. 
 „ Stephen. 
 Killigrew, Thomas. 
 „ Thomas. 
 „ Sir William. 
 King, Thomas. 
 Knight, Edward. 
 „ Thomas. 
 Lacy John. 
 Laroche, James. 
 Lee, John. 
 
 „ Richard Nelson. 
 Leigh, Anthony. 
 
 „ John. 
 Lewes, Charles Lee. 
 Lewis, William Thomas. 
 Listen, John. 
 Litchfield, Mrs. 
 Litton, Marie. 
 Lovegrove, William. 
 Lowin, John. 
 Macklin, Charles. 
 Maclean, John. 
 Macready, William Charles. 
 Mathews, Charles. 
 
 „ Charles James. 
 
 „ Lucia Elizabeth. 
 
 Matthews, Thomas. 
 
xlii 
 
 JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 Mattocks, Isabella. 
 Meadows, Drinkwater. 
 Mellon, Harriet. 
 Menken, Adah Isaacs. 
 Mills, John. 
 Mohun, Michael. 
 Montagu, Henry James. 
 Montgomery, Walter. 
 Moody, John. 
 Moore, NeUy. 
 Morton, Thomas. 
 
 „ John Maddison. 
 Mossop, Henry. 
 Mountfort, William. 
 Mozeen, Thomas. 
 Mmiden, Joseph. 
 Murphy, Arthur. 
 Murray, Charles. 
 
 „ Henry Leigh. 
 „ William Henry. 
 NeUson, Lilian Adelaide. 
 Nicol, Mrs. 
 
 Nisbett, Louisa Cranstoun. 
 Noke, James. 
 Norris, Henry. 
 O'Brien, WiUiam. 
 Oldfield, Anne. 
 Orger, Mary Ann. 
 Ostler, William. 
 Owens, John Lennergan. 
 Oxberry, WiUiam. 
 
 „ William Henry. 
 
 Pack, George. 
 Packer, John Hayman. 
 Palmer, John. 
 Parsons, WiUiam. 
 Paul, IsabeUa Howard. 
 Peer, WiUiam. 
 Pettitt, Henry. 
 Phelps, Samuel. 
 Phillips, Watts. 
 Pilkington, Mary. 
 Pinkethman, William. 
 Pitt, Ann. 
 Poole, John. 
 Pope, Alexander. 
 
 „ Elizabeth. 
 
 „ Jane. 
 
 „ Maria. 
 Porter, Mary. 
 Powell, George. 
 
 „ William. 
 Pritchard, Hannah. 
 
 „ John Langford. 
 
 Quick, John. 
 Quin, James. 
 Rae, Alexander. 
 Ra5mer, Lionel Benjamin. 
 Reddish, Samuel. 
 Reeve, John. 
 Rich, Christopher. 
 
 „ John. 
 Richardson, John. 
 Ross, David. 
 
 Robertson, Thomas William. 
 Robinson, Mary. 
 Robson, Thomas Frederick. 
 Rousby, Clara Marion. 
 Roxby, Robert. 
 RusseU, Samuel Thomas. 
 Ryan, Lacy. 
 Ryder, John. 
 
 „ Thomas. 
 Ryley, Samuel William. 
 Sandford, Samuel. 
 Sanger, John. 
 Saunders, Margaret. 
 Selby, Charles. 
 Se5miour, Mrs. 
 Shanks, John. 
 Sherwin, Ralph. 
 Shuter, Edward. 
 Siddons, Sarah. 
 Simmons, Samuel. 
 Singer, John. 
 SUngsby, Mary. 
 Smith, Robert John. 
 
 „ WiUiam (d. 1696). 
 
 „ Wilham ("Gentle- 
 man "). 
 Smithson, Harriet Constance. 
 Sothern, Edward Askew. 
 SpiUer, James. 
 Stephens, Catherine. 
 
 „ Jane. 
 
 Stirling, Mary Ann. 
 Storace, Ann a, Selina. 
 Suett, Richard. 
 Sullivan, Thomas Barry. 
 Summers, Miss or Mrs. 
 Talbot, Montague. 
 Terriss, William. 
 Terry, Daniel. 
 Thurmond, Mrs. 
 UnderhiU, Cave. 
 Vance, Alfred Glenville. 
 Vandenhoff, John. 
 Verbruggen, Susanna. 
 
JOSEPH KNIGHT. 
 
 xliii 
 
 Vining, George. 
 Vokes, Frederick M. 
 Waldron, Francis G. 
 Walker, Thomas. 
 Wallaek, James WiHiam. 
 Wallis, Miss. 
 Warner, Mary Amelia. 
 Waylett, Mrs. Harriet. 
 Webb, Mrs. 
 Webster, Benjamin W. 
 Wells, Mrs. Mary. 
 West, Mrs. William. 
 Weston, Thomas. 
 Wewitzer, Ralph. 
 Whitlock, Elizabeth. 
 Wigan, Alfred Sydney. 
 
 „ Horace. 
 Wilkinson, Tate. 
 Wilks, Robert. 
 Williams, Joseph. 
 Wilson, Mrs. 
 
 Wingfield, Lewis Strange. 
 Wintersel, William. 
 WofSngton, Margaret. 
 Woodham, Mrs. 
 Woodward, Henry. 
 Wrench, Benjamin. 
 Wright, Edward. 
 Wroughton, Richard. 
 Yates, Elizabeth. 
 
 „ Frederick Henry. 
 
 Yates, Mary. 
 
 ,, Richard. 
 Young, Charles Mayne. 
 Younger, EHzabeth. 
 
 IN THE SUPPLEMENT. 
 Albery, James. 
 Andeson, James Robertson. 
 Blakeley, WilUam. 
 Blanchard, Edward. 
 Boucicault, Dion. 
 Bufton, Eleanor. 
 Cavendish, Ada. 
 Chippendale, William Henry. 
 Cecil, Arthior. 
 Clarke, John S. 
 Clayton, John. 
 Creswick, William. 
 Faucit, Helena Saville. 
 Foote, Lydia. 
 Grain, Richard Corney. 
 Harris, Sir Augustus H. G. 
 Herman, Henry. 
 Howe, Henry. 
 James, David. 
 Keeley, Mary Ann. 
 Kemble, Frances Anne. 
 Lacy, Walter. 
 Leclercq, Carlotta. 
 Leslie, Frederick. 
 Sedgwick, Amy. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 MY FATHER AND MOTHER GEORGE BENTLEY. 
 
 The first of my gleanings from ' N. & Q.' (to use the form by which 1865, Feb. i, 
 
 Notes and Queries is familiarly kno'mi) is a short note by my father : ' The ' 
 
 REV. JOHN RIPPON AND 'THE CRUCIFIXION.' Crucifixion.' 
 
 The oratorio of ' The Crucifixion ' was not composed by the ''°'^" Rippon, 
 late Rev. John Rippon, D.D., but by his nephew John Rippon. ^'^' 
 
 John Peancis. 
 
 John Rippon, D.D., was pastor of the Baptist Church meeting 
 at Carter Lane Chapel. The chapel was pulled down in 1830 in 
 order to improve the approaches to London Bridge, and a fresh 
 building erected in New Park Street, Southwark. During the 
 sixty- three years Rippon was pastor he had no assistant until 
 within a few months of his death, when the Rev. Charles Room, 
 who had married Rippon 's grand-niece, Eliza Scott, became assistant 
 minister. Previous to this, when the Doctor was unable to preach 
 and some yoxuig minister was occupying the pulpit, he would sit 
 in his pew and make remarks on the sermon, which were frequently 
 more quaint than complimentary. Rippon died on the 17th of 
 December, 1836, and on Christmas Eve was buried at BunhUl 
 Fields, my father being among the mourners who followed in the His record 
 long procession from New Park Street Chapel. It was fitting that of Bunhill 
 he should be interred in Bunhill Fields, as he had for many years Fields. 
 been preparing a record of the worthies there buried, though the 
 work was never published. Mr. Daniel Hipwell printed in 
 ' N. & Q.' on September 22nd, 1894, from a MS. in his possession, 
 a petition Dr. Rippon presented to the Court of Common Coimcil 
 on the 11th of October, 1827, for permission to dedicate the work 
 to the Corporation. It was in six large quarto manuscript volumes 
 in alphabetical order. On the 24th of November Mr. Hipwell 
 stated that " Dr. Rippon's MS. collections in eleven volumes, 
 relating to the Dissenters' burial-ground at Bunhill Fields, are 
 preserved in the British Museum and form Add. MSS. 28,513- 
 28,523 ; while his transcript, in six volumes, of the register of 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 His Hymn 
 
 and 
 Tune Book. 
 
 His 
 
 Almshouses. 
 
 His brother 
 Thomas. 
 
 His grand- 
 nephew 
 Charles Room, 
 
 interments therein, 1713-1826, finds a resting-place in the College 
 of Arms." 
 
 Dr. Rippon is also remembered for his Tune Book. In ' N. & Q.' 
 for the 27th of November, 1897, Mr. Alfred Pajrne, in referring to 
 the work, mentions the accuracy with which the names of the 
 various authors are given. Although the Tune Book has fallen into 
 disuse, Rippon's selection of hymns is stUl used in some Baptist 
 Churches. I have a beautiful copy, presented to my father by 
 Rippon, as well as the Tune Book. The Doctor was his own pub- 
 lisher ; to purchasers of six copies he gave a seventh gratis. My 
 father was a member of his church, superintendent of the Sunday 
 School, and a trustee of the Rippon Almshouses. 
 
 In The Sword and Trowel of December, 1888, Spurgeon wrote : 
 " The close connexion of Mr. Francis with the ancient Baptist 
 Church in Southwark ceased before the advent of the present 
 pastor, but he remained a trustee of Dr. Rippon's Almshouses, 
 and hence when anything had to be done in reference to that 
 institution he received the usual legal summons. To this he 
 attended promptly, and in all business matters he showed a wisdom 
 and common sense which made us feel that it was a distinct gain 
 to have such a man united to us even by the slender filament of a 
 trusteeship." This feeling was mutual, for my father often said 
 he never met a man of greater business ability than Spurgeon. 
 
 Rippon's brother Thomas was chief cashier of the Bank of 
 England (1761-1835). He succeeded Abraham Nowland, and 
 during fifty years of service took but one holiday, which he abridged 
 to three days. The ' Dictionary of National Biography ' states 
 that Thomas accumulated a fortune of 60,000Z. 
 
 Pilgrims to the grave of Charles and Mary Lamb in Edmonton 
 Churchyard will notice next to it a monument of the Rippon family : 
 that of Gideon, the son of the cashier of the Bank of England. 
 The two graves are side by side. A simple head and foot stone 
 marks the place where dear Charles and Mary rest. In Scribner's 
 Magazine for March and April, 1890, appear articles ' In the Foot- 
 steps of Charles Lamb,' by Benjamin Ellis Martin. Among the 
 beautiful illustrations is one showing the two monuments. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Room, Dr. Rippon's grand-nephew by 
 marriage, gave up the pastorate of New Park Street on Rippon's 
 death and went to Portsea. After a very successful ministry 
 there he retired, but preached occasionally for Dr. Brock of 
 Bloomsbury and for Caleb Morris, who for many years had a 
 chapel in Fetter Lane, but removed to Eccleston Chapel. Most 
 of Room's time, however, was devoted to literature, and he 
 was fond from early years of putting his musings into poetry. 
 One of his volumes he sent to Walter Scott, and years after- 
 wards on visiting Abbotsford he found the book in the library 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 there, with some appreciative remarks in it written by the Wizard 
 of the North. 
 
 SAMPLERS. 
 There had been a discussion as to the age of samplers, and the 1871, Sept. 23. 
 following contribution from my mother appeared on the 23rd of Samplers 
 September, 1871, Mr. Thorns being then the Editor : — 
 
 " The accompanying sampler being of an older date than some 
 of those you have noticed, I submit it for your inspection. 
 You will probably deem the words worked thereon are of sufficient 
 interest to appear in ' N. & Q.' 
 
 For Vertue's sake now in your prime 
 Be a good Huswife of your precious time. 
 I hear the whistling Ploughman all day long 
 Sweet' ning his labours with a cheerful song. 
 Delights and pleasures are but a golden di-eam. 
 True virtue always will command esteem. 
 Strive every day to mend your way, 
 
 Learn to be good while you are young ; 
 Take constant heed to every deed. 
 
 Watch over heart, hands, feet, and tongue. 
 Covet not riches, strive for true content. 
 Life is a vapour and is quickly spent ; 
 But think in time to come when you must give 
 Account to God how you upon earth did live. 
 If you desire to worship God aright. 
 First in the morning pray and last at night ; 
 Crave for his blessing on your labours all. 
 And in distress for his assistance call. 
 Maey May her samplar, finished the 24 September, 1729. 
 
 Chaelotte Francis. 
 11, Burghley Road, Highgate Road, N.W. 
 
 The next few contributions are from my father's pen : — 
 THE UNSTAMPED PRESS. 
 
 Permit a few words upon the unstamped press in relation to 
 the taxes on knowledge. The compulsory stamp upon newspapers 
 was imposed on the 19th of July, 1712, to take efiect on the 
 1st of August following. It was a halfpenny stamp on every half 
 sheet ; and its imposition had the effect of immediately stopping 
 the pubUcation of many of the then existing journals ; amongst 
 them may be mentioned Addison's Spectator. 
 
 During the " battle " of the imstamped, which commenced 
 in the year 1830, most of the prosecutions that took place were 
 police prosecutions, at the instance of the Stamp Office authorities ; 
 and the term of imprisonment upon convictions was fixed by the 
 police magistrate. Henry Hetherington was frequently in prison 
 for offences against the press laws . At length his friends determined 
 
 B 2 
 
 1872, Nov. 23. 
 
 The 
 
 Unstamped 
 
 Press : 
 
 Taxes on 
 
 Knowledge. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The 
 Poor Man's 
 Guardian. 
 
 Spring Rice. 
 
 Gladstone. 
 
 Leigh Hunt 
 
 and 
 
 TheExaminer. 
 
 that the case of The Poor Man's Guardian, of which he was the 
 proprietor, should be carried to a higher court ; and the trial took 
 place in the Court of Exchequer in the year 1835, before Lord 
 Lyndhurst, who was then Chief Baron. The Attorney- General 
 conducted the prosecution on the part of the Government, and 
 Hetherington defended himself. After a favourable summing up 
 by the Judge, the jury returned a verdict of acquittal. 
 
 The result of this trial mainly determined the modification 
 upon the press laws then in force ; and in the following year, 1836, 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Spring Rice, introduced a 
 Bill which reduced the advertisement duty from 3s. Qd. to Is. &d. ; 
 the compulsory stamp from 4d. to Yd., and the paper duty from 
 3(i. to \\d. per poimd. These changes in the law proved most 
 beneficial ; the unstamped papers ceased to exist ; the prisons were 
 emptied of ofl:enders ; and the new laws remained almost imchal- 
 lenged during a period of twelve years. In 1849 associations were 
 formed to procure the entire freedom of the press. On the ith of 
 August, 1853, the advertisement duty was abolished, Mr. Gladstone 
 being Chancellor of the Exchequer ; and on the 15th of June, 1855, 
 the com'pulsory stamp on newspapers was repealed, the measure 
 for this purpose being introduced to Parhament by Mr. Gladstone ; 
 but some changes having taken place in the Ministry, the work was 
 completed by Sir George Comewall Lewis. A 'permissive stamp 
 on newspapers, however, followed. This was in use until the year 
 1870, when Government stamps on newspapers were finallyabolished. 
 Mr. Gladstone carried through Parhament the repeal of the paper 
 duty, which received Royal Assent on the 12th of June, 1861. 
 
 During Leigh Hunt's proprietorship of The Examiner newspaper 
 its price was thus stated after the title : — 
 
 Paper and Print .. .. .. .. Zd.\^, 
 
 Taxes on Knowledge . . . . . . 4d.j ' 
 
 John Fkancis. 
 
 I have recently been able to secure a set of The Poor Man's 
 Guardian. The first number was published October 2nd, 1830, 
 and the paper was issued for the most part daily ; the last number 
 appeared on the 23rd of November, when the editor bids " fare- 
 well for a time," stating that " it is impossible to struggle against the 
 ilhberality (with one or two exceptions) with which our papers 
 are received by the trade." Each number, in place of the ordinary 
 impressed stamp, has a block on the front page of a hand press, 
 on which is inscrilDed " Liberty of the Press," and round it the words 
 " Knowledge is Power." Among the contents is an attack on 
 flogging in the Army, and an account of a private soldier who had 
 been found asleep on duty at the Tower. After three months' 
 imprisonment he was brought into the Armoury Yard in St. James's 
 Park to hear the sentence of the court martial " that he was to 
 
I^OTES BY THE WAY. 5 
 
 receive 500 lashes." He was immediately tied up, and after 
 receiving 155 lashes fainted away, and it :yas found necessary to 
 stop the punishment. 
 
 The number of the 16th of October oontaias an accoimt of 
 the alarming outrages in Kent : " The insurgents go about in 
 bands of one hundred and fifty, and coolly demand the keys of 
 the bams, to destroy the thrashing machines, and all idea of re- 
 sistance is out of the question." Signals were given by sky-rockets, 
 and fourteen stockyards were seen ia flames simultaneously. 
 
 On the 18th of October there is a report of the dinner at 
 Birmingham to commemorate the French Revolution : 3,700 sat 
 down to it. Mr. Thomas Attwood, the chairman in proposing the 
 toast of the King, said that in his opinion " the Ulustrious individual 
 who fills the throne of these realms is more entitled to this honour 
 than any king since the days of Edward III. In the short period 
 he has reigned he has given many indubitable proofs of his great 
 kindness and sincere afiection towards his people, and I am con- 
 vinced that he wUl do everything in his power to restore the Uberty 
 and increase the happiness of his faithful subjects." ' God save 
 the King ' was sung, the whole company joining with enthusiasm. 
 
 On the 3rd of November appeared the King's Speech on the 
 opening of Parliament, in which he announced the surrender of 
 his interest in revenues which had in former settlements of the 
 Civil List been reserved to the Crown. 
 
 The number of Saturday, November the 20th, contains a letter 
 to Henry Himt, proposing the establishment of a " National Con- 
 vention " of the people, rich and poor ahke, in order to collect 
 from it " the real sense of the nation upon every subject " ; and 
 in the number of the following Tuesday the report of the proceed- 
 ings in the House of Commons on the previous Friday states that 
 Lord Nugent brought in a Bill " for the better providing employ- 
 ment for the labouring poor, at fair and adequate wages." He 
 said that during the severe winter 4s. 6d. was the weekly wages in 
 the county in which he resided, and in many parishes the wages 
 were only 3s. 6d., whilst a peck of flour, " the starving ratio, the 
 minimum of human existence," cost 3s. 
 
 A further note by my father on the Unstamped Press i873, Jan. 4. 
 appeared in the New Year number : — The 
 
 Unstamped 
 
 When I wrote to ' N. & Q.' previously I had before me Press. 
 Routledge's reprint of The Spectator, edited by Prof. Morley, and 
 was therefore aware that that journal was published until the 6th 
 of December. The imposition of the compulsory stamp, as I then 
 stated, immediately put an end to a number of papers, and although 
 The Spectator survived eighteen weeks, I still think that the imposi- 
 tion of the compulsory stamp was the immediate cause of its 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Curious 
 specimen 
 newspaper. 
 
 Franking. 
 
 being ultimately given up, from lost circulation and impaired influ- 
 ence. Sir Richard Steele's words, quoted by your correspondent, 
 I think confirm this impression. With regard to the designation 
 " Addison's Spectator" I did not use the term in the sense of owner- 
 ship, but simply employed the usual style by which it is now known. 
 Addison wrote the first number, which appeared March 1, 1711 ; 
 Sir Richard Steele the last, Dec. 6, 1712. 
 
 While I am writing let me mention a curious newspaper issued 
 in London more than forty years ago. The proprietor of a projected 
 evening paper, being desirous of making the pubhc acquainted 
 with ite size and form and price, adopted, in order to avoid the cost 
 of the fourpenny impressed stamp, the expedient of filling his 
 specimen number with made-up leaders, made-up news, made-up 
 intelligence and made-up occurrences. Of this dummy newspaper 
 a considerable number of copies were issued. This fourpenny 
 stamp did not of itself, at one period, aflEord postal privileges ; 
 it was necessary that every " cover " in which a newspaper was 
 enclosed should be franked. The cover with which I am most 
 famihar bore the frank " Earl Grey." This system of franking 
 was discontinued about the year 1828. I do not know the date of 
 its commencement. The permissive impressed stamp upon news- 
 papers was abolished the 1st of October, 1870. 
 
 John Feancis. 
 
 A NOTE FOR ME. RIMMEL. 
 
 1873, April 5. In the year 1712 advertisements for Addison and Steele's 
 
 Rimmel Spectator were taken in by " Charles LUhe, Perfumer, at the corner 
 
 the perfumer, of Beauford Buildings in the Strand." Mr. Rimmel's predecessor, 
 
 160 years ago, therefore, took in advertisements ; his modern 
 
 successor, however, as is well known, sends them out. 
 
 John Francis. 
 
 1874, Feb. 21. 
 
 Sunday 
 newspapers. 
 
 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SUNDAY NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The change of day of pubUcation in repeated instances, from 
 the Simday to the Saturday, of the then long-established Sunday 
 papers, was made about fifty years ago, and was consequent upon 
 the alteration of the day for the issue of The London Gazette, the 
 Sunday papers giving the list of bankrupts from the Gazette. The 
 change was made by Government, at the instance of the news- 
 vendors, for the purpose of saving Sunday labour. The Observer, 
 established in 1791, is the only paper published now exclusively 
 on Sunday. 
 
 John Francis. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 A CENTENARIAN. 
 
 The Athenceum for February 6th gave the following : — 
 
 " For the information of Mr. Thorns, we may mention a case of a 
 hundredth birthday being reached, which has been brought to our 
 notice. Mrs. Coxeter, of Newbury, attained the age of one hundred 
 on the first of this month. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Collier, 
 and the day of her birth is given in the register of Witney Chiu-ch, 
 Oxfordshire, as Feb. 1, 1775. She is in fuU possession of her faculties, 
 and repeated the 23rd Psahn from memory to the members of her family 
 who came to congratulate her on the centenary of her birth." 
 
 As ' N. & Q.' may like to place on record some further par- 
 ticulars of this venerable lady, permit me to state that she was 
 married to Mr. John Coxeter, at Witney Church, on the 5th of 
 December, 1792, and has been a widow fifty-nine years, her husband 
 having died at the age of forty-three, on the 24th of August, 1816 ; 
 he was buried at Witney. Her eldest son, had he been living, would 
 now be eighty years of age. He was bom Jan. 28, 1794, christened 
 at Witney Church, and died May 10, 1851, in America. On the 
 1st inst. many friends residing in Newbury and its vicinity called 
 at her residence to offer congratulations. One old gentleman, aged 
 ninety, walked a distance from his home and back, nearly two 
 mUes, for the purpose mentioned. 
 
 Mrs. Coxeter relates with peculiar interest the following remark- 
 able occurrence in her late husband's history. The event was 
 occasioned by a discussion which took place between Mr. Coxeter 
 and Sir John Throckmorton, Bart., as to means being taken to 
 encourage the growth of British wool. Mr. Coxeter was at the time 
 (1811) the proprietor of the Greenham Mills at Newbury, and a 
 manufacturer of Witney blankets. The extraordinary perform- 
 ance — for so on the eventful day June 25, 1811, it was designated 
 — was as follows. On that day, at five o'clock in the morning, Sir 
 John Throckmorton presented two South Down sheep to Mr. 
 Coxeter. The sheep were immediately shorn, the wool sorted and 
 spun ; the yam spooled, warped, loomed, and wove ; the cloth 
 burred, milled, rowed, dyed, dried, sheared, and pressed. The 
 cloth, having been thus made in eleven hours, was put into the hands 
 of the tailors at four o'clock in the afternoon, who completed the 
 coat at twenty minutes past six. Mr. Coxeter then presented the 
 coat to Sir John Throckmorton, who appeared with it the same 
 evening at the " Pelican " Inn, Speenhamland. The cloth was a 
 hunting kersey, of the admired dark Wellington colour. The sheep 
 were roasted whole, and distributed to the pubUc, with 120 gallons 
 of strong beer. It was supposed that upwards of 5,000 people were 
 assembled to witness this singular and unprecedented performance, 
 which was completed in the space of thirteen hours and twenty 
 minutes. Sir John and about forty gentlemen sat down to a dmner, 
 
 1875, Feb. 20. 
 
 Mrs. Coxeter, 
 a centenarian. 
 
 Her husband 
 and a remark- 
 able coat. 
 
8 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Her son 
 James. 
 
 1877, Aug. 4. 
 The crescent. 
 
 provided by Mr. Coxeter, and spent the evening with the utmost 
 satisfaction at the success of their undertaking. 
 
 This coat was to be seen in the Great Exhibition, 1851, and 
 is now in the possession of Sir Robert Throckmorton. A print 
 representing a view of Mr. Coxeter's manufactory on Tuesday, 
 the 25th of Jxme, 1811, and the more distinguished persons present 
 to witness the process, was subsequently published by subscription 
 by Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street. It was painted by Mr. Luke Clent 
 of Newbury, and engraved by Mr. Gteorge Clent of London. The 
 painting was also to be seen in the Exhibition of 1851. 
 
 By the kindness of Mr. James Coxeter, son of the above, I am 
 able to submit a specimen of the cloth so manufactured to the Editor 
 of ' N. & Q.' John Feancis. 
 
 The following editorial note was appended : — 
 
 " In Southey's ' Common- Place Book,' iv. 395, the coat is 
 described as a ' complete damson-coloured coat ' and the feat 
 detailed by our correspondent is said to have been accomplished 
 ' two and three-quarter hours within the time allotted, for a wager 
 of 1,000 guineas." 
 
 An obituary notice of James Coxeter appeared in The Athenoeum 
 of the 15th of November, 1902 :— 
 
 " James Coxeter, who died on the 4th inst. at the age of ninety, 
 rendered good service to surgery in his time by his skiKul inventions 
 of instruments. Coxeter's buUet extractor, at the time of the war 
 in the Crimea, was foimd to be invaluable ; and in 1869, in con- 
 junction with his son Samuel, he founded the industry of storing 
 nitrous oxide gas in a liquid state for surgical operations, iirst in 
 iron, and later in steel cylinders. This nitrous oxide, owing to 
 the influence of Dr. Evans, the dentist to the French Empress, 
 was largely used during the war of 1870, and some of these cylinders 
 were the last goods to pass the investing lines during the siege 
 of Paris." 
 
 My own contributions to ' N. & Q.' begin vnth one on 
 THE CRESCENT. 
 
 It is interesting to note that the Koran contaiias a chapter (Uv.) 
 entitled ' The Moon revealed at Mecca,' which commences thus : 
 " The hour of judgment approacheth, and the moon hath been split 
 in sunder." Mr. Sale has a note to this as follows : — 
 
 " This passage is expounded two different ways. Some imagine 
 the words refer to a famous miracle supposed to have been performed 
 by Mohammed ; for it is said that, on the infidels denianding a sign of 
 him, the moon appeared cloven in two, one part vanishing and the 
 other remaining ; and Ebn Masud afBrmed that he saw Mount Hara 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 9 
 
 interpose between the two sections. Others think that the preter 
 tense is here used in the prophetic style, and that the passage should be 
 rendered, The moon shall be split in sunder, for this they say is to happen 
 at the Resurrection. The former opinion is supported by reading, 
 according to some copies, ' wakad inshakka 'Ikamaro,' i.e., since the 
 moon hath already been split in sunder ; the splitting of the moon being 
 reckoned by some to be one of the previous signs of the last day." 
 
 TENNYSON: KINGSLEY: DICKENS. 
 
 A correspondent of The, AthencBum writes : — 
 
 "In 'A List of Papists and Recusants in the Shires of England' 
 1587,' there appears, in Cornwall, one ' Mr. Tennyson ' {Lansdowne 
 MSS., British Museum). In the parish register of Newington, Oxford- 
 shire, on the same page, in the same year, 1758, appear the names of a 
 ' Kingsley ' and of a ' Dickens.' " 
 
 1894, Aug. 18. 
 
 Tennyson : 
 
 Kingsley : 
 
 Dickens. 
 
 "JINGO." 
 
 This word was added to the nomenclature of political literature 
 by Mr. GJeorge Jacob Holyoake, in a letter of his which appeared 
 in The Daily News of the 13th of March, 1878, with the head- line " The 
 Jingoes in the Park" (see 'Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life'), 
 thus making use of the " By Jingo " in the music-hall ditty popular 
 at the time. 
 
 1894, Aug. 25. 
 "Jingo." 
 
 "NOYADE." 
 
 The foUowing was in reply to a request made on the 18th of i894, Sept. 15. 
 August by Mr. J. Lawrence-Hamilton, for references to the word "Noyade." 
 " noyade," or kUling by drowning as practised by Carrier during 
 1793 and 1794 :— 
 
 The literature of Les Noyades would not be complete without 
 reference to Swinburne's powerful poem ' Les Noyades,' in which 
 occur the foUowing lines : — • 
 
 In the wild fifth year of the change of things. 
 
 When France was glorious and blood-red, fair 
 With dust of battle and deaths of kings, 
 A queen of men, with helmeted hair ; 
 Carrier came down to the Loire and slew, 
 TiU all the ways and the waves waxed red. 
 
 ' Poems and Ballads,' John Camden Hotten, 1873. 
 
 GEORGE BENTLEY. 
 
 With sorrow too deep for words we record the death of Mr. 1895, June 8. 
 
 George Bentley. He had been in failing health for some time ; George 
 
 but, having got through the severe winter, it was hoped that his Bentley 
 life would have been prolonged ; but on Wednesday, the 28th of May, 
 
10 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 History o£ 
 bis firm in 
 Le Livre. 
 
 His love of 
 
 books 
 and flowers. 
 
 he was attacked with heart disease, and died at his residence 
 at Upton after a few hours' illness. Mr. George Bentley entered 
 the Burlington Street firm in 1870 being in that year taken into 
 partnership by his father, Mr. Richard Bentley, who, as is well 
 known, commenced business with Mr. Colbum ia 1829, from whom 
 he separated in 1832. In 1837 Mr. Bentley started Bentley's 
 Miscellany. In 1866 this was incorporated with Temple Bar, of 
 which Mr. George Bentley was editor at the time of his death. 
 Many accounts of the founding of the firm of Richard Bentley & 
 Son have appeared from time to time in the press, and an interesting 
 account, by Mr. S. R. Towiashend Mayer, of the first publisher of 
 the name of Bentley, temp. Charles II., was given in ' N. & Q.' of 
 April 12th, 1879 ; but the most complete history is to be found in 
 Le Livre for October, 1885. This was reprinted, with additional 
 notes, for private circulation, in July, 1886, the volume being 
 illustrated with two most speaking portraits of Richard Bentley 
 and his son. Mr. George Bentley became head of the firm on the 
 death of his father in 1871, and in 1884 he took his only sod Richard 
 into partnership, upon whom for many years, owing to the dehcate 
 state of his father's health, the active management of the business has 
 devolved. Mr. George Bentley was a frequent contributor to what he 
 was pleased to call " that invaluable little paper Notes and Queries." 
 A great lover of books and an admirer of nature, he considered the 
 best two possessions that a man could have were a library and a 
 good old-fashioned garden full of roses, of which he was a careful 
 cultivator, and of sweet-smelling flowers. He dehghted in the quiet 
 aspect of life, and cared not for the " glare and gUtter of modem 
 society, with its crowded evening assemblies, and the other amuse- 
 ments of an age ravenous for gossip." He would modestly describG 
 himself as " not a man of learning, but as a mere lover of books. 
 I play about the honey collected by the learned bees, and sym- 
 pathize with their wisdom and the consolation they got out of their 
 learning." Mr. Bentley must have left a valuable collection of 
 correspondence, for in his quiet retirement at Upton he held frequent 
 communication with many of those best known in literature. On 
 Wednesday, in the bright sunshine and with the singing of the birds, 
 he was borne through his lovely garden to Upton churchyard, and 
 there laid in a grave all beautiful with the roses he had loved so 
 well. He will be gratefully remembered for his kindly advice to 
 young authors, readily and cheerfuUy given, while to his friends his 
 noble, unselfish character, his pure and blameless life, will ever 
 be a bright example. We can well say of him what he once said 
 of one of his friends : " He has passed away, and lies in peace — 
 
 In the sweet peace that goodness bosoms ever — 
 
 leaving a memory sweet as June roses, and likely to endure until 
 every friend he had has likewise passed away." 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 LITERARY JUBILEES AND CELEBRATIONS 
 
 'THE DAILY NEWS' JUBILEE. 
 
 (January 21st, 1896.) 
 
 The first number of The Daily News was published on the 
 21st of January, 1846, and in its Jubilee issue Mr. Justin McCarthy, 
 M.P., and Sir John Robinson give an interesting account of the 
 paper's rise and progress, together with portraits of Charles 
 Dickens (its first editor), Charles Wentworth Dilke, Douglas Jerrold, 
 Father Prout, Harriet Martineau, and others who have been 
 connected with the journal. From this history it appears that 
 Dickens brought a powerful stafi with him. This included William 
 Johnson Fox, the eloquent orator of the Com Law League, who 
 wrote the first leading article, Douglas Jerrold, and John Forster, 
 while the first musical and dramatic critic was George Hogarth. 
 Mr. Dickens was editor for only four months, being succeeded by 
 his friend and biographer John Forster. 
 
 In AprU, 1846, Charles Wentworth DUke and his son took 
 the management for three years. They at once reduced the price, 
 thus adopting the plan which had been so successful with The 
 Athenceum. In this way The Daily News became the forerunner 
 of the cheap daily press.* While Mr. DUke had control every effort 
 was made to obtain the earliest intelUgenoe, and The Daily News 
 was the first paper to spread in the provinces the tidings of the 
 revolutionary struggles of 1848. 
 
 The editors of The Daily News have been Charles Dickens, 
 John Forster, Eyre Evans Crowe, Frederick Knight Hunt, William 
 Weir, Thomas Walker (who resigned in 1869, having been appointed 
 by Mr. Gladstone to the editorship of The London Gazette), Edward 
 Dicey, Frank Harrison HiU, H. W. Lucy, and Sir John Robinson ; 
 while among its contributors have been Father Prout (its first 
 correspondent at Rome), Harriet Martineau (who for some time 
 wrote daily for its columns), Sir James Stephen, WiUiam Black, 
 Archibald Forbes, Edmund Yates, Frances Power Cobbe, Prof. 
 Masson, Henry Labouchere, W. Fraser Rae, George R. Sims, and 
 many others. 
 
 It is now almost forgotten that on September 1st, 1846, the 
 proprietors of The Daily News started an evening paper. The Express. 
 Mr. Thomas Britton, the publisher of The Daily News, who had 
 
 1896, Jan. . 
 
 Jubilee of The 
 Daily Nems. 
 
 Charles 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Dilke 
 
 as Manager. 
 
 Editors and 
 contributors. 
 
 * The price is now reduced to a halfpenny. 
 
12 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 MoyThomas't 
 
 account ot 
 
 first number. 
 
 been connected with the paper since the time of Dickens (he has 
 since been succeeded by Mr. Robert Morley), mentions that 
 the editor appointed was Mr. Thomas Elliott, who owned and 
 edited The London Mail. The Express was first published at two- 
 pence, and was reduced to a penny on the 13th of February, 1868 ; 
 but it closed its existence on the 30th of April, 1869. 
 
 The first number of The Daily News was fuU of advertisements 
 of railway schemes ; and it is curious to read a report of the meeting 
 of the London and South- Western Railway, in which Mr. W. J. 
 Chaplin, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, states that " the 
 directors have been induced to extend their line from Waterloo 
 to London Bridge." 
 
 Mr. W. Moy Thomas contributes to the number an interesting 
 account of ' Our First Number,' a facsimile of which is issued to 
 commemorate the Jubilee. 
 
 'THE GUARDIAN' JUBILEE, 
 (January 21st, 1896.) 
 
 1896, Feb. 1. The 21st of January, 1846, may well be regarded as a red-letter 
 
 Jubilee of day in the annals of the English press, aa being the birthday of 
 
 TheOnardian. fcwo such papers as The Daily News and The Guardian. The Chmrdian 
 last Wednesday week gave a special supplement to commemorate 
 its armiversary, and, as in the case of The Daily News, we have been 
 invited to take a peep behind the veil which usually preserves the 
 anonymity of the editorial " we." This supplement opens with an 
 account of the origin of The Chmrdian, and states that it was sug- 
 gested by the ominous notices that followed the reception into the 
 Roman Catholic Church of two distinguished converts — the Rev. 
 J. B. Morris, well known to newspaper readers of that day under the 
 
 Owes its birth initials N. E. S., and the Rev. J. Spencer Northcote, subsequently 
 
 to Newman's preacher of Oscott College. " It was the secession of Newman 
 
 secession, which really gave birth to The Guardian. That startling incident 
 
 — foreshadowed though it had been to the inner circle which knew 
 
 him intimately — fell Uke a thunderbolt on the outer world, and 
 
 shook to its foundations the edifice of the Church revival." 
 
 The early days of The Guardian, Uke those of most papers, 
 were days of anxiety and hard struggle. There were only a few 
 founders — Rogers (not yet Lord Blachford, but a leading official 
 in the Colonial Office), James Mozley, Church, Mountague Bernard, 
 and Thomas and Arthur Haddan. They were totally inexperienced 
 in the handling of a newspaper, and invited James Holmes, the 
 printer of The Athenceum, to take a share in the new venture and to 
 print the paper. This, however, he dechned. Li July, 1846, its 
 fortunes became so desperate that it was on the point of being 
 added to the long list of dead journals, when, curiously enough, the 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 13 
 
 paper which had been started to sustain a Church revival was 
 saved from an early death by its appreciation of physical science. 
 A review, in March, by Church, of ' The Vestiges of Creation,' had 
 previously attracted the notice of Prof. Owen ; and in October 
 a vindication of Le Verrier's claim to the first public announcement 
 of the new planet Neptune drew a grateful letter from the 
 astronomer, caused The Guardian to be quoted in The Daily 
 News, and thus brought it into general notice. 
 
 Among The Guardian's contributors may be mentioned Contributors. 
 Manning, Hem-y Wilberforce, Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, Henry 
 Coleridge, Beresford Hope, Chretien (of Oriel), Freeman (the 
 historian), Mackarness, and Stafford Northcote, while he was 
 private secretary to Mr. Gladstone. Its chief success is due to the 
 indomitable energy and perseverance of Martin Richard Sharp, 
 who on July 1st, 1846, succeeded John FuUagar as pubUsher, in 
 addition to which he took an active part in its direction, afterwards 
 becoming editor, and so continued until his retirement in 1883. 
 
 The first number of The Guardian was of the same size as 
 The Saturday Review. It contained only sixteen pages, and was 
 published at sixpence. On the 29th of April, 1846, the paper was 
 enlarged, and has so continued. It is of interest to note the 
 position taken by The Guardian on some leading questions. One 
 of the first public events with which it had to deal was when Cardinal 
 Wiseman announced the reconstitution of the Roman Catholic 
 Church in England by the assignment of local titles to its prelates. 
 The Guardian took the same line as Mr. Gladstone, and opposed 
 Lord John Russell's Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, pointing out the 
 futility of the Papal Bull, and entirely refusing to be a party to any 
 penal legislation against it. The rapid development of physical 
 science, and its effect on theology and the Bible narrative, caused 
 " alarm " and " uncompromising opposition " to many. " These 
 impulses were never shared by The Guardian. It pleaded from the 
 first for an open mind and a fair consideration." As regards the 
 " Higher Criticism," it endeavoured to show that " the direction in 
 which this ' science ' also ' is pointing ' is one that may be used to 
 help instead of hinder faith." On the question of national education 
 the paper has given " a general support to Mr. Eorster's Bill of 
 1870 in its original form, which, while it insisted on a Conscience 
 Clause, left to the local managers the power of regulating the 
 religious instruction. On the other hotly disputed points, both of 
 which have since been accepted — namely, free education and com- 
 pulsory attendance — while we supported the Bill in its refusal to 
 abolish the small fees paid by the parents, we only claimed for the 
 managers of voluntary schools that they should have the same 
 power of compelling attendance which was given to the School 
 Boards." 
 
 National 
 
 Education : 
 
 supports 
 
 Forster's Bill. 
 
14 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Gladstone 
 
 a constant 
 
 reader. 
 
 A word of praise should be accorded to the careful printing 
 and handsome appearance of the Jubilee number. Both paper 
 and type are excellent. It may be well to note that there is no 
 truth in the statement that Mr. Gladstone is, or ever has been, con- 
 nected with The Guardian, although he has been a constant reader 
 almost from its commencement. 
 
 1897, April 2i. 
 
 Pope's Villa, 
 Twickenham. 
 
 POPE'S VILLA, TWICKENHAM. 
 
 The Daily News says : — 
 
 " Some doubt having for many years existed as to the exact site 
 occupied by Pope's house at Twickenham, the discovery of a large and 
 deeply carved stone over one of the entrances to Mr. Labouchere's 
 residence forms an interesting addition to the history of Pope's Villa. 
 Alterations are taking place at the house, and the stone mentioned, 
 having been freed from a thick coating of concrete, reveals the following 
 inscription : ' On this spot stood until 1809 the house of Alexander 
 Pope. The grotto that formed the basement still remains. 1848.' " 
 
 THE PRONUNCIATION OF EVELYN. 
 
 1897, June 19. Dean Burgon, in that deUghtful book ' Lives of Twelve Good 
 
 Pronuncia- Men,' includes a biography of Henry Octavius Coxe, " the large- 
 
 tionofEvelyn. hearted hbrarian " of the Bodleian. The Dean quotes the following 
 he had received from a friend : — 
 
 " There was an irresistible drollery in Coxe's manner which there 
 is really no describing. Sitting opposite to me at a large dimier-party 
 (where all knew each other passing well), he overheard me talking to 
 my neighbour about ' John JSueljm.' ' Why do you call him .Evelyn ? ' 
 he exclaimed, sternly, across the table. I thought (so ran the defence) 
 that I had always heard the word so pronounced. ' Humph ! ' (drily) 
 ' that shows the kind of company you keep.' " 
 
 1897, Sept. i. 
 Lady Monson. 
 
 ELIZABETH, LADY MONSON. 
 
 The portrait of this lady, painted by Lely, to which allusion 
 was made ui ' N. & Q.' at 3 S. vi. 251, was among the pictures sold 
 at the Hengrave Hall sale on Saturday, August 7th, 1897. The 
 East Anglian Daily Times of the 10th of August states that the price 
 obtained for it was 195 guineas, and it was to remain in the 
 house. The portrait is described as being in a finely carved 
 ornamental frame, with a httle figure of Justice on the top, and 
 underneath the well-kno\^Ti Unes from ' Hudibras.' 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 15 
 
 LEIGH HUNT'S LONDON RESIDENCES, 
 
 Mr. Charles Kent, in his biographical introduction to ' Leigh 
 Hunt as Poet and Essayist,' relates that 
 
 " early on Wednesday evening, the 9th of August [1859], I was with him 
 again — it was for the last time for him and for me — at that last of all his 
 London homes, 7, Cornwall Road, Hammersmith. There I remained 
 with him, in the midst of the home group of his daughters and his grand- 
 children, until long after nightfall. In all my intercourse with him 
 I never remember him more delightful. Throughout the evening he 
 charmed us all by his varying moods, according to the fluctuating themes 
 of the conversation among us. Late that night we all stood at the garden 
 gate of his little villa to see him drive away to the house of his old friend 
 Mr. Charles Reynell at Putney, where so soon afterwards, on the 28th 
 of August, 1859, he died, within two months of the completion of his 
 seventy-fifth year." 
 
 1897, Dec. 4. 
 
 Leigh Hunt's 
 
 London 
 
 residences. 
 
 HAMPTON COURT PALACE, 
 
 In the course of the excavations for the effluent pipe of the 1898, June 18. 
 new Thames VaUey drainage along the towing path by the Palace Hampton 
 gardens, it appears, from the following account in The Daily News Court Palace. 
 of the 1 3th of June, that 
 
 " between the railings of the private gardens opposite the end of Queen 
 Mary's bower, the foundations of the old water-gate or ' water gallery,' 
 built by Henry VIII., have been cut through. "JDhe walls or piers are of 
 immense thickness, being no less than twenty-five feet wide, of the 
 hardest chalk, faced with stone. The opening through which the State 
 barges passed is clearly discernible. On these massive foimdations 
 which were built in the river, formerly rose a large picturesque building 
 of several stories. The structure was famous for being the place in 
 which Queen Elizabeth was kept by her sister as a prisoner of State 
 and in which she was privately visited by Philip II. It was afterwards 
 occupied by the consort of William of Orange while Sir Christopher 
 Wren was building the new State apartments, and after her death it 
 was demolished, by order of William III., as obstructing the view of 
 the river from his windows." 
 
 PASSAGE IN DICKENS. 
 
 In 'John Francis, Publisher of The AthencBum' (Bentley), 
 vol. ii. p. 525, will be found the following : — 
 
 " On the 18th of November, 1843, in reviewing ' The Keepsake,^ 
 The Athenmum quotes a poem by Dickens entitled ' A Word in Season, 
 which, ' we should think, will startle a round hundred at least of aris- 
 tocratic readers in their country houses.' " 
 
 1898, July 2. 
 
 ' A Word in 
 
 ' Season,' 
 by Dickens. 
 
16 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The poem is given in full. The passage quoted by Capt. Kelso 
 on June 25th should read as follows : — 
 
 So I have known a country on the earth. 
 
 Where darkness sat upon the hving waters. 
 And brutal ignorance, and toil, and dearth. 
 
 Were the hard portion of its sons and daughters ; 
 And yet, where they who should have oped the door 
 
 Of charity and light, for all men's finding, 
 Squabbled for words upon the altar-floor. 
 
 And rent The Book, in struggles for the binding. 
 
 1898, Sept. 10. 
 Who invented 
 'Bradshaw'? 
 
 Bradshaw. 
 
 'BRADSHAW'S RAILWAY GUIDE.' 
 
 In The Athenceum for the 17th of January, 1874, will be found 
 a letter from Mr. Kay, ' Who invented Bradshaw ? ' and on the 
 24th of January a reply from Mr. Henry Adams, the eldest son of 
 Mr. WiUiam James Adams, giving fuU particulars as to the origin 
 of the ' Guide.' 
 
 In the notice of George Bradshaw which appears in the ' Dic- 
 tionary of National Biography,' vol. vi. p. 175, Mr. G. C. Boase states 
 it would appear that Mr. Adams, who was the London agent for 
 ' Bradshaw's Railway Companion,' was " the first to suggest the 
 idea of a regular monthly book at a lower price as an improvement 
 on the ' Companion.' This idea was taken up by Bradshaw, and 
 the result was the appearance, in December, 1841, of No. 1 of 
 ' Bradshaw's Monthly Railway Guide ' in the well-known yellow 
 Avrapper." 
 
 Previously to this the little ' Guide ' appeared only occasion- 
 ally, and was supplemented by a monthly time sheet. ' Bradshaw's 
 Continental Guide ' first appeared in June, 1847. 
 
 George Bradshaw died at Copenhagen of cholera on the 24th of 
 September, 1853, at the early age of fifty-two, leaving two sons, 
 Christopher and WiUiam, who are both associated mth the present 
 large business of Blacklock & Co. 
 
 1898, Dec. 24. 
 
 The first 
 
 London 
 
 halfpenny 
 
 newspaper. 
 
 THE FIRST LONDON HALFPENNY NEWSPAPER : 
 
 THIRTIETH BIRTHDAY OF 'THE ECHO.' 
 
 (December 8th, 1898.) 
 
 The celebration by The Echo of its thhtieth birthday deserves 
 record. The first number was pubHshed on the 8th of December, 
 1868. Messrs. Cassell, Fetter & Galpin were the originators ; Mr. 
 Galpin had special charge of the enterprise, and I well remember 
 his caUing upon me and telling me of his plans for the new paper ; 
 he was full of enthusiasm, and determined to make it a success. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 17 
 
 The birthday number gives an account of its progress, the articles 
 being written by Sir Arthur Arnold, its first editor ; Mr. Horace 
 Voules, of Truth, its first manager and second editor ; and Mr. 
 Aaron Watson, of The Newcastle Daily Leader, its fourth editor. 
 Portraits of these are given, together with a most speaking likeness 
 of its third editor, Mr. Passmore Edwards. It was in June, 1875, 
 that Mr. Passmore Edwards purchased the property, and for twenty 
 years he was its editor. Mr. Edwards brought with him consider- 
 able practical knowledge, having aheady founded two papers, 
 The Building News and The English Mechanic. Under his control 
 the paper increased in prosperity, and he determined that the entire 
 profits should be devoted to the pubhc good. He has thus estab- 
 lished Free Libraries, Convalescent Homes, and Homes for the 
 Epileptic. The number of buildings thus provided amounts at 
 the present time to sixty. In doing all this Mr. Edwards states that 
 his " purpose has been to protect, nurture, and build up the weak, 
 and to afford ampler opportunities for the strong to do the best for 
 themselves and for the community." Among the. early contributors 
 were Frances Power Cobbe, the Rev. H. R. Haweis — one of whose 
 articles on Mr. Bradlaugh began " There is no God, and Bradlaugh 
 is his prophet " — Mr. William Black, Mr. John Macdonell, and 
 Mr. George Shee. It would appear, as the result of a series of 
 investigations conducted by the staff, that the building which has 
 been the home of The Echo for the past thirty years was the house 
 in which the works of Handel were printed and published. A 
 study of the front of The Echo building reveals the sign of the harp 
 in two prominent positions over the windows. For particulars see 
 Grove's ' Dictionary of Music and Musicians.' 
 
 One word should be added as to the very careful manner in 
 which this birthday number has been produced. It is a worthy 
 memento in every way of a wonderful enterprise in the world of 
 newspapers. 
 
 Passmore 
 Edwards. 
 
 Handel. 
 
 OLD LONDON. 
 
 An interesting suggestion as to memorials of old London has ^^^^< J^"' 14- 
 been originated by Mr. John Latey, of The Penny Illustrated Paper. Old London : 
 Mr. Latey proposes that, in order to preserve the finest specimens '^°''° Latey. 
 of architecture, as they are taken down for necessary alterations 
 they should be sent to the garden at the South Kensington Museum, 
 and there be reset so as to form a street. Mr. Latey regrets that 
 Temple Bar, the old " Bell " Inn in Holborn, and the ancient 
 " Tabard " should have been lost to London, but states that " time- 
 honoured buildings enough yet remain — the row of gabled houses in 
 Holborn by Staple Inn, St. John's Gate, and Cardinal Wolsey's 
 Palace in Fleet Street — to form, when time is ripe to remove them, 
 a desirable Old London street." 
 
18 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 I unfortunately have to record the death of my genial friend 
 John Latey, who died after a long and painful illness, borne with 
 the greatest fortitude, on the 26th of September, 1902. His father. 
 Father and John Lash Latey, one of the founders of the London Association 
 son. of Correctors of the Press, had been on The Illustrated London News 
 
 from the first number, and in 1858 was appointed by Herbert 
 Ingram editor. His son , long known as John Latey, junior, began 
 his journalistic career at the age of eighteen. On October 7th, 
 1861, The Penny Illustrated Paper was started, and young Latey 
 contributed his first article to the paper of which he was afterwards 
 to become editor. He was at one time assistant editor of The 
 Illustrated London News, to which he contributed, under the 
 heading of " The Silent Member," sketches of ParUamentary men 
 and manners. He and WilUam White, the father of " Mark Ruther- 
 ford," may be looked upon as the forerunners of this kind of ParUa- 
 mentary journalism, James Grant's ' Random Recollections of the 
 House of C!ommons, 1830 to 1835,' being published in book form 
 only (Smith, Elder & Co., Comhill, 1836). Li addition to his work 
 as editor, Latey published a life of Gordon and a number of novels 
 and novelettes. He was also for a time co-editor with Capt. Mayne 
 Reid of The Boys' Illustrated News, which started with a sale of 
 100,000 copies. In 1899 he took over the editorship of Sketch. He 
 is still gratefully remembered by authors to whom he gave encourage- 
 ment in their early days ; while as long as a friend of his survives 
 the memory of him will be fondly cherished. It is pleasant to 
 record that his son William is on the staff of Lloyd's Weekly News. 
 
 1899, Jan. 21. 
 
 The 
 ' Roxburghe 
 Bevels ' and 
 
 The 
 Athentxvm. 
 
 THE 'ROXBURGHE REVELS.' 
 
 On Tuesday, the 10th of January, 1899, Messrs. Sotheby, 
 Wilkinson & Hodge sold a curious collection of the ' Roxburghe 
 Revels,' extracted from The Athenceum of 4, 11, 18, and 25 January, 
 1834. The MS. recording these ' Revels ' was purchased by Mr. 
 Dilke, "not for the sake of any libellous information it might 
 perchance contain, but simply to afiord our readers a Uttle harmless 
 amusement," at the sale of Mr. Joseph Haslewood's Ubrary. The 
 MS., in Haslewood's handwriting, had the following title : " Rox- 
 burghe Revels ; or, an Account of the Annual Display, Culinary 
 and Festivous, interspersed incidentally with Matters of Moment 
 or Merriment, also Brief Notices of the Press Proceedings, by a 
 few Lions of Literature, combined as the Roxburghe Club, founded 
 17 June, 1812." 
 
 The Club claimed its foundation from the sale of the library 
 of the late John, Duke of Roxburghe, which commenced Monday, 
 May 18th, 1812, and extended to forty-one days, ^nth a supple- 
 mentary catalogue of three days, beginning Monday, July 13th. On 
 Wednesday, June 17th, ' II Decamerone di Boccaccio ' was to be 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 19 
 
 sold,* and the Rev. T. P. Dibdin suggested that a convivial meeting 
 should be held at the " St. Alban's Tavern " after the sale of that 
 day, when a resolution was passed 
 
 " that the Roxburghe Society should have an anniversary dinner 
 on the 17th June, and the number of members be extended and limited 
 to thirty-one. 
 
 _" It was proposed and concluded for each member of the Club to 
 reprint a scarce piece of antient lore, to be given to the members, one 
 copy being on vellum for the chairman, and only as many copies as 
 members." 
 
 Among those present at the inaugural dinner were Lord Spencer, 
 president, Lord Gower, Sir Egerton Brydges, Mr. Haslewood, 
 and Mr. Dibdin. 
 
 The record of the Club includes the very interesting letter of 
 Sir Walter Scott, dated February 25th, 1823, declaring Im willing- 
 ness to take his seat at the Club " as representative of the author 
 of ' Waverley ' till the author is discovered." He attended only 
 one of the dinners — that held on 15 May, 1828, when Earl Spencer 
 was in the chair, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord Althorp, Lord Clive, 
 Mr. Phelps, Mr. Markland, and Mr. Towneley being among those 
 present. 
 
 The pubhcation of the MS. attracted much attention, and 
 it was shown that while the members of the Club had spent two 
 thousand pounds on their own stomachs, they had only foimd 
 the paltry sum of two guineas for a bust of Caxton. 
 
 An account of these ' Roxburghe Revels ' is given in the first 
 volume of ' John Francis and The Athenceum.' The collection 
 sold at Sotheby's is mounted and illustrated with numerous por- 
 traits and autograph letters. 
 
 'BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.' 
 
 The publication on Monday last of the thousandth number i899, Feb. i. 
 of Blachvood's is an event in periodical literature. Founded in BlacJtmood's 
 April, 1817, by Wilham Blackwood, this parent and model of the Magazine: its 
 modem magazine, a success from the first, has steadily, in spite '"jj""^^"^"^ 
 of all competitors, kept on its way, and the birthday number, """ ^''' 
 now issued from its old home, 45, George Street, Edinburgh, shows 
 " Maga " to be full of life and vigour. This new number, in the 
 usual brown cover, with the thistle and the features of old George 
 Buchanan on the front page, will find a permanent place in libraries. 
 Beautifully printed on good paper, it forms in this respect a pleasing 
 contrast to the early volumes. 
 
 The contents are so well known that only a passmg reference 
 need be made. On the first page is a poem by Andrew Lang, 
 ' Our Fathers,' and this is followed by an imitation of the ' Noctes 
 Ambrosianse,' No. LXXII., the last of the series m which our old 
 
 This was purchased by the Marquis of Blandford for 2,2601. 
 
20 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Poem by 
 Neil Munro. 
 
 mdinhurgk 
 Magazine. 
 
 William 
 Blackwood. 
 
 The Chaldee 
 
 MS.' 
 
 Francis 
 Horner, 
 
 friends the Shepherd, North, and Tickler took part being No. LXXI. 
 The birthday is also referred to by " The Looker- On." With these 
 exceptions the number has the usual contents, but specially appro- 
 priate is the second instalment of Sir John Mowbray's reminis- 
 cences. 
 
 In this addition to the ' Noctes ' the sons of Scotland who are 
 fighting the battle of life far from home are addressed by Neil 
 Munro in words never to be forgotten : — 
 
 Are you not weary in your distant places. 
 
 Far far from Scotland of the mist and storm. 
 In stagnant airs the sun-smite on your faces, 
 
 The days so long and warm ? 
 When all around you lie the strange fields sleeping. 
 
 The ghastly woods where no dear memories roam. 
 Do not your sad hearts over seas come leaping. 
 
 To the highlands and the lowlands of your Home ? 
 
 • • • • H 
 
 Love strength and tempest — oh come back and share them ! 
 
 Here is the cottage, here the open door ; 
 We have the hearts although we do not bare them, — 
 
 They 're yours, and you are ours for evermore. 
 
 This anniversary will cause many to turn back to the early 
 years. Apart from the contributions of well-known writers those 
 volumes contain a remarkable record of the times. The first six 
 numbers, under the title Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, were jointly 
 edited by James Cleghom, the founder of the Scottish Provident 
 Institution , and Thomas Pringle, author of ' Narrative of a Residence 
 in South Africa ' ; but with the seventh number Mr. WiUiam 
 Blackwood took the entire control, changing the title to Blackwood's 
 Edinburgh Magazine. It was in this number that ' The Chaldee 
 MS.' appeared falhng like a thunderbolt on Edinburgh.* 
 
 Vol. I., April to September, 1817, opens with a memoir of the 
 late Francis Homer ; and its literary contents comprise ' Remarks 
 on Greek Tragedy ' ; a series of articles on Scottish gipsies, inspired, 
 if not dictated, by Sir Walter Scott ; ' Memories of the Somervilles ' ; 
 a review of ' Lalla Rookh,' price 21. 2s., and ' Manfred,' published 
 at 5s. M.. ; ' Harrington,' by Maria Edgeworth ; Dr. Chalmers's 
 ' Discourses ' ; and ' Sacred Songs,' by Thomas Moore. 
 
 The original communications are numerous and varied. Much 
 space is devoted to the ' Antiquarian Repertory.' In an article 
 on Savings Banks it is curious to find the title objected to. In the 
 ' Literary and Scientific Intelhgence ' the important sale of the 
 
 ♦ Mr. James H. Blackwood informs me that " No. 7 of ' Maga ' was 
 immediately bought up, and the second edition did not contain the 
 ' offensive ' article. It is, I believe, almost impossible to obtain now a 
 copy of the first issue containing the MS." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 21 
 
 library of Count Macarfchy at Paris in May is mentioned, when, 
 among other treasures, the Psalmorum Codex, Mogunt., 1457, fol., 
 fetched 12,000 francs. We also find that the Paris booksellers' 
 petition for the repeal of the heavy duties on the importation 
 of foreign books has been partly successful, and the duty reduced 
 to ten francs per fifty kilogrammes metriques — about two cwt. 
 The monthly list of new pubUcations is full of interest, and the 
 published prices vary much from those of later times. The com- 
 pletion of the new edition of Chalmers's ' Biographical Dictionary ' 
 is announced, 32 vols. 8vo. 
 
 ' Morte d' Arthur,' reprinted from Caxton's edition of 1485, 
 " with an introduction and notes by Robert Southey, Esq., price 
 81. 8s.," is annoimced in July. The stirring times of 1817 are 
 brought to view in the ' Pohtical Record.' We have the account 
 of the attack on the Prince Regent on his way to open the Houses 
 of Parliament ; the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act ; and the 
 trial of Mr. T. J. Wooler, of The Black Dwarf, for libeUing Lord 
 Castlereagh and Mr. Canning. Mention is made of the coinage 
 of sovereigns in place of the old guineas ; the crossing of the Irish 
 Channel in a balloon ; the report from St. Helena that Bonaparte 
 is in good health and looking well — " less bloated than ordinary " 
 — ^but complaining much of Sir Hudson Lowe and of his being 
 detained a prisoner, for which he knows no law ; and that Russia 
 is cultivating peace with all her neighbours and making extensive 
 reductions of her army, but still with an eye to the Dardanelles. 
 We have the Pacha of Egypt preparing to dispute the sovereignty 
 of that province with the Ottoman Porte. We are also informed 
 that the Paris census, taken in June, shows that the population 
 exceeds 860,000, being 20,000 more than that of London ; and 
 it is recorded that Dr. Esquirol has read a paper to the Academy 
 on a kind of mental derangement to which he gives a new term, 
 " hallucination." A presentation to the Duke of Wellington of 
 plate of the value of 200,000i!. by the Prince Regent of Portugal 
 is also noticed, as is the first survey of the wreck of the Royal 
 George by raeans of the diving bell. Even a fire at Bankside is 
 reported, at which, the water being low in the Thames, a tank of 
 lime water was emptied into the engines, and it was remarked 
 that the material thus wetted did not again take fire. It is also 
 announced that the medals of the Royal Society have been presented 
 to Sir Humphry Davy, and that a Committee of the House of 
 Commons reports that steam engines of some construction may 
 be appUed with perfect safety even to passenger vessels. In Ger- 
 many animal magnetism is in favour as a remedy for disease. All 
 these, and many other things, are recorded in the ' Chronicle 
 of Even ts.' Many of the ages among the deaths are indeed startling, 
 sixteen during the six months being stated as over one hundred 
 years, one being given at 130, and another at 117 ; but this was 
 
 Trial of 
 Wooler 
 
 Presentation 
 
 to the 
 
 Duke of 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 Sir Humphry 
 Davy, 
 
 Steamships 
 favoured. 
 
22 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 before the careful investigations of Mr. Dilke, Mr. Thorns^ and Sir 
 Come wall Lewis. 
 
 Those who seek for information as to the founding and progress 
 Mrs Olipbant of Blackwood's wiU find fuU details given in Mrs. Oliphant's ' William 
 Blackwood and his Sons ' ; in the notices of William and John 
 Blackwood, ' Dictionary of National Biography ' (vol. v.) ; the 
 memoir of Christopher North, by his daughter Mrs. Gordon ; the 
 obituary notice of WiUiam Blackwood, by Lockhart, in the Magazine 
 for October, 1834 ; or in Curwen's ' History of Booksellers.' Chris- 
 topher North in the ' Noctes ' (vol. iii. p. 70) said that " my chief 
 if not sole object in writing for ' Maga ' is the diffusion of knowledge, 
 virtue, and happiness all over the world." If a like spirit be 
 maintained we may expect " Maga " to live to add another " M." 
 to its title-page ; and in such a hope we may join heartily in the 
 toast " To ' Maga ' : her history is a glorious one. Long may she 
 flourish, and may she ever be true to her old traditions ! " 
 
 This tribute to Ebony " Maga " brought a " Note " from 
 my old friend the Rev. J. WoodfaU Ebsworth, to whom " Maga " 
 had been dear from his earhest years, " when it was only five years 
 old, and my father's favourite, so that I heard familiarly discussed 
 among his friends laudation of its rollicking sprightUness which found 
 a crisis in the ' Caldee ' (alias ' Chaldee ') MS. Those were bright 
 times, when Auld Reekie was a power in hterature, thanks to Black- 
 wood (with whose family my father was closely intimate). I 
 used," continues Mr. Ebsworth, " to meet Prof. Aytoun, Sheriff 
 Gordon, and Ferrier of St. Andrews, as well as the great and genial 
 ' Kit North,' Prof. Wilson himself. ' He looked like a Uon with a 
 hat on.' It was indeed a deUght to hear Aytoun sing inimitably 
 his own ' Massacre of Ta Mac Phairson ' (with some bagpipe accom- 
 paniment), rollicking, but always gentlemanly and courteous." 
 
 " Maga" : 
 Ebsworth's 
 eminiscenoes 
 
 LONDON WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1899, Mar. 11. The Daily News, in its report of the sitting of the Water 
 
 London water Commission on the 27th of February, rightly calls the following 
 supply. " ancient history " : — 
 
 "Mr. Clayton stated that in 1722 the Chelsea Water Company 
 took water from the Thames near Chelsea Hospital. They had one 
 reservoir in the Green Park, opposite the house since occupied by 
 Lord Palmerston, and another in Hyde Park, opposite the house since 
 occupied by Lord Beaconsfield. In 1739-40 their plant and works 
 were broken up by frost. They were the first company to introduce 
 filtering, and in 1829 they had filtering beds at Thames Bank. During 
 the early part of the century they were under no obligation to supply 
 water, and had no restriction as to charge." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 23 
 
 'THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.' 
 
 I was preparing the following article when I was anticipated 
 by Mr. Henry Gerald Hope, who contributed on the 25th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1899, an interesting note on The Oentleman's Magazine, in 
 which he expressed regret that, while there had been many laudatory 
 comments on the thousandth number of Blackwood, there was 
 no reference whatever to an old friend, viz.. The Gentleman's 
 Magazine. 
 
 While The Oentleman's Magazine may lay claim to being 
 eighty-six years older than Blackwood's, it is correct to call Black- 
 wood's the "parent and model of the modem magazine." All 
 honour to the founders of The Gentleman's Magazine, for we owe to 
 them a deep debt of gratitude for the stores of information on the 
 current events of the day they have handed down to us, and made 
 easily accessible by indexes. When established in 1731, The 
 Oentleman's Magazine was a "Traders' Monthly Intelligencer," 
 giving a summary of events and extracts from the various news- 
 papers. The introduction states : — 
 
 " Our present undertaking is in the first place to give Monthly a 
 view of all the pieces of Wit, Humour, or Intelligence, daily offered to 
 the Publick in the newspapers (which of late are so multiply'd as to 
 render it impossible, unless a man make it his business, to consult them 
 all), and in the next place we shall join therewith some other matters 
 of Use or Amusement that will be communicated to us." 
 
 This " Monthly Intelligencer " furnishes a vivid picture of " the 
 good old times," as the following extracts indicate. In the first 
 number, pubhshed January, 1731, we have a New Year's greeting 
 to Sir Robert Walpole— 
 
 Guardian of Britannia's Glory, 
 Life and Soul of Europe's Peace. 
 
 There is an account of their majesties receiving the compli- 
 ments of the nobiUty at the New Year, and among them Lord 
 Carteret, who was graciously welcomed. " The Ode for the day 
 composed by Colley Gibber, Esq., Poet Laureat,* was performed ; 
 the Musick by Mr. Eccles." In this ode " grateful Britons " are 
 (sailed to " bless the year " : — 
 
 Your plenty to the skies you owe. 
 
 Peace is your monarch's care ; 
 
 Thus bounteous Jove and George below 
 
 Divided empire share. 
 The 6th of January being Twelfth Day, " at Night their Majesties 
 play'd at Hazard, for the Benefit of the Groomporter : and 'twas 
 
 * The biography of Colley Gibber in the ' Dictionary of National 
 Biography ' states that Gibber attributed his being appointed Laureate 
 to his Whig principles. The appointment is dated December 3rd, 1730, 
 Eusden having died on the 27th of the previous September. 
 
 1899, Mar. 26. 
 
 The 
 
 Gentleman's 
 
 Magatine. 
 
 Its 
 "Monthly In- 
 telligencer," 
 January,1731. 
 
 Ode by Colley 
 Gibber. 
 
 Royal 
 
 winnings on 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Night. 
 
24 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 said the King won 600 Guineas, the Queen 360, Princess Ameha 20, 
 Princess CaroHna 10, the Earl of Portmore and Duke of Grafton 
 several thousands." 
 
 The same night a notorious gaming-house behind Gray's Lin 
 Walks was searched by the High Constable of the Holbom division 
 with several of his constables, but the gamesters, having previous 
 notice, had aU fled. 
 Dnel in St. We have also an account of a duel fought on the 25th of January 
 
 James's Park, in the new walk in the upper park at St. James's, between Lord 
 Hervey and the Right Hon. Wm. Pulteney, Esq. 
 
 On the 27th of February two publishers were taken into custody 
 for publishing a libel entitled ' The Divine Catastrophe of the Royal 
 Family of the Stuarts.' 
 
 On the next day the new church at Bloomsbury was consecrated 
 by the name of St. George, as was also the burying-ground ia the 
 Fields adjoining. 
 
 On March 8th CharKorth and Cox, two soUcitors convicted of 
 forgery, stood in the piUory at the Royal Exchange, and on the 
 same day five malefactors were executed at Tyburn. 
 
 On April 26th the death of " Mr. Daniel de Foe, Sen., eminent 
 for his many Writings," is recorded ; and among the appointments 
 on the 29th of the same month is that of WiUiam Cowper, Esq., to 
 be clerk to the Commission of Bankruptcy. 
 
 On the 7th of May the royal assent is given to a number of 
 Acts, including one for raising l,2OO,000Z. by annuities and a 
 lottery, and another directing that all proceedings in courts of 
 justice in England, and in the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, 
 shall be in English, and shaU be written in such a legible hand as 
 Acts of Parliament are engrossed in, not court hand. 
 
 On August 18th Edw. Mitchel was executed at Nottingham 
 for forgery, made felony by a late Act of Parhament. 
 White-sheet On Sunday, September 5th, a man of sixty years of age stood 
 
 penance. in a white sheet at the cathedral church at Norwich as a penance. 
 
 In the September number it is also stated : — 
 
 Death of wife "From Mosco 'tis advised, that Bwdokia Foedorowna Lassuo- 
 
 of Peter the kin [sic], first Wife to Peter the Great, died in a Monastery near that 
 Great. City, Aug. 2 last. She was separated from his Czarish Majesty, and 
 confin'd in a Prison for several Years ; during which Imprisonment, she 
 lost her only son the Czarowitz. When her Grandson Peter II. ascended 
 the Throne she was taken out of Prison, and a httle after had the Grief 
 to see her Granddaughter, the Princess Natalia, depart this Life ; who 
 was soon followed by her Grandson Peter II." 
 
 On September 3rd it is reported from Moscow that " ambas- 
 sadors are on the Road from the Emperor of China to demand the 
 Czarina's Assistance against the Great Cham of the Tartars, who 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 25 
 
 with 60,000 Men beats the Chinese in every Engagement, tho' 
 their Army consists of no less than 400,000 Men." 
 
 On October 18th his Majesty settled 6,0001. per annum on the 
 Duke of Cumberland for the support of his equipage, &c. 
 
 On December 3rd Mr. Richard Franklin was tried at the King's 
 Bench Bar, Westminster, before the Lord Chief Justice Raymond, 
 for printing and pubhshing The Craftsman of the 2nd of January, 
 wherein was the Hague letter. After a hearing of about seven 
 hours the jury found him guilty. 
 
 In December it is also recorded that the Princess of Monaco, 
 daughter of the Prince Antonio Grimaldi, lately deceased, set out 
 from Paris, together with her spouse, jointly to take possession of 
 that Principahty ; but, on pretence of going before to prepare 
 things for his reception, she got herself recognized as the only 
 rightful sovereign. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Chatto, of the firm of Messrs. Chatto & Windus, 
 the publishers of the magazine, informs me that, on reference 
 to his ofiice set, he finds that the second title was " Traders' 
 Monthly Intelhgencer." The number for September, 1731, first 
 bears the woodcut view of St. John's Gate, and in this month the 
 word " Traders' " was omitted. In later editions of the first 
 number the word " Traders' " was omitted, and the woodblock 
 of St. John's Gate was inserted. The title was again altered 
 in vol. vi., 1736, to that of The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical 
 Chronicle, and so continued until 1834, when vol. i. of a " new 
 series," called The Gentleman's Magazine, without further sub-title, 
 was published, although it stiU retained its characteristics of being 
 a " Chronicle." When Messrs. Bradbury & Evans became the 
 publishers a second title was added, that of " Historical Review." 
 In June, 1868, the character of the magazine was changed, when it 
 became more like the modern magazine. 
 
 The eighty-seventh volume of The Gentleman's Magazine, com- 
 pleted at the close of 1817, the same year that Blackwood's was in its 
 first volume, deserves notice, as showing the enterprise and careful 
 attention to detail with which the older magazine was being con- 
 ducted. The chief events of that year, which had been so full of 
 anxiety and of peril to the nation, are fuUy recorded. " The 
 festal blaze of war had ceased, but the sun of Peace had not attained 
 its meridian " (speech of Mr. Canning on the reassembling of Parlia- 
 m.ent, Jan. 29th, 1817). The ' Miscellaneous Correspondence ' and 
 ' Reviews of New Pubhcations ' contain stores of information 
 useful to the architect and the antiquary, while valuable contribu- 
 tions towards county histories — the biography in these being 
 especially interesting — are given. The contents of 'The His- 
 torical Record ' include the Report of the Committee of Secrecy 
 presented on the 19th of February, in which details are given of the 
 
 Princess of 
 Monaco. 
 
 Mr. Andrew 
 Chatto. 
 
 1899, April 15. 
 
 T/ie 
 
 Gentleman's 
 
 Magazine, 
 
 1817. 
 
 Speech of 
 Canning. 
 
 Committee of 
 Secrecy. 
 
26 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Bank of 
 
 England 
 profits. 
 
 Suspension of 
 the Habeas 
 Corpus Act, 
 
 Drury Lane 
 Theatre. 
 
 Southey and 
 ' Wat Tyler." 
 
 Cambridge 
 Union. 
 
 Trial of 
 Watson and 
 Thistlewood. 
 
 operations of the Spencean (or Spencean Philanthropists) and 
 Hampden Societies. The evidence disclosed that there was to be 
 a sudden rising in the dead of night ; the soldiers were to be sur- 
 prised ; the barracks, the Tower, and the Bank to be seized, and 
 Ijondon to be fired. The cry was, " No Eegent, no Castlereagh ! 
 Off with their heads ! No taxes ! No bishops : they are only useless 
 lumber ! " On the same date we have Mr. Grenfell calling attention 
 to the enormous profits made by the Bank of England ; in twenty 
 years (since 1797) the profits had been not less than twenty-seven 
 millions. 
 
 On the 4th of March the royal assent to the suspension of the 
 Habeas Corpus Act is noted. On the 20th of March we have the 
 Committee of Finance recommending that, after the death of the 
 present possessors, the governorship of the Isle of Wight and the 
 office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports should be abolished ; 
 and those interested in theatrical matters will find in the same 
 number a report of the meeting of the proprietors of Drury Lane 
 Theatre, at which it was stated that the total receipts since its 
 rebuilding had been, for the first year, 79,925Z. 14s. ; for the second 
 year, 68,389?. 3s. ; the third year, 61,585i. 8s. 5d. ; and the fourth, 
 49,586?. 17s. 
 
 The same number contains a report of Southey's application 
 on the 18th of March to the Court of Chancery for an injunction to 
 restrain Messrs. Sherwood, Neely & Jones from the publication of 
 ' Wat Tyler.'* Sir Samuel Romilly resisted on the ground that 
 it was not such a pubUcation as entitled the author to the pro- 
 tection of the Court. He would venture to say that " a more 
 dangerous, mischievous, and seditious pubhcation had never issued 
 from the press." The Lord Chancellor said he would take the book 
 home to read, and the next day he refused the injunction. In the May 
 number the leading passages from Southey's ' Apology ' are given. 
 
 On the 5th of April it is reported from Cambridge that the 
 Vice-Chancellor had commanded the Union to discontinue its dis- 
 cussions " as inconsistent with the discipline and objects of aca- 
 demical education." 
 
 The June number devotes a supplement to the trial of James 
 Watson the elder, who, with the other State prisoners, Arthur 
 Thistlewood, Thomas Preston, and John Hooper, had been confined 
 in the Tower. The trial lasted eight days, when, Watson being 
 
 * Dr. Garnett, in his biography of Southey in the ' Dictionary of 
 National Biography,' states that " ' Wat Tyler,' a drama full of 
 republican sentiment, had been written in 1794, but remained unknown 
 until the publication of a surreptitious edition in 1817 ... . When Southey 
 became Laureate through the generosity of Sir Walter Scott, he accepted 
 it on condition that he should be spared the drudgery of composing 
 birthday odes." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 27 
 
 found not guilty, the Attorney-General declined to proceed against 
 the other prisoners. 
 
 On the 19th of June Sir E. Brydges moved for leave to hring in 
 a Bill that would have deUghted Mr. Marston, of the firm of Messrs. 
 Low & Marston. It was " to amend the Act of the 43rd of the King 
 relative to copyrights, and so far as regards the Act passed prior to 
 Queen Anne's Act, giving eleven copies of books published to the 
 universities, &c., and also as far as regarded hmited editions of 
 books." Mr. Peel and Lord Pahnerston opposed. Sir S. Romilly, 
 Sir F. Burdett, Mr. Brougham, and Mr. C. Wyim supported the 
 motion, the last named stating that he 
 
 " saw no reason why the author of a book should be subjected to a 
 tax of eleven copies of his work to the universities any more than a 
 man who planted timber should be subject to a tax of eleven trees 
 from each plantation he might make to the navy of the country." 
 
 The numbers were : for bringing in the Bill, fifty-seven ; against 
 it, fifty-eight. 
 
 The friends of education wiU find Mr. Brougham's Report of 
 the Committee on General Education, given in the September 
 number, of interest. Among other particulars it mentioned the 
 case of a rector who was principal of a school, with a salary of 1,500?. 
 per annum, and who assigned the whole to his brother, another 
 clergyman. The latter, not choosing to perform the duties of his 
 of&ce, made a journeyman carpenter the schoolmaster, with an 
 allowance of 401. a year. There was another instance of a school, 
 with an endowment for the master of 400?. a year, in which there 
 was but one scholar. 
 
 The Holbom Viaduct is anticipated in the October number, 
 which contains a proposal that an iron bridge should be erected 
 from Holbom HiU to Snow Hill, and that a toU should be charged 
 for the first ten or twelve years to defray the cost. Considerable 
 space is given in the same number and in that for November to an 
 account of the trial and execution of Jeremiah Brandreth (" The 
 Nottingham Captain "), William Turner, and Isaac Ludlam for 
 high treason. (The number of prisoners arraigned was thirty-five.) 
 The execution of the three men is graphically described. " Nothing 
 could exceed the horror which the whole scene excited." The 
 article concludes with the words : — 
 
 " As this has been the first instance of the sort, of men being 
 convicted of levying war against the King, since 1745, so we hope it 
 will be the last." 
 
 More pleasant is it to read from Spain that Ferdinand VII., 
 on visiting the prisons at Madrid lately, had ordered aU the instru- 
 ments of torture to be destroyed, and that he had abolished the 
 torture in his dominions ; that the King of Wiirtemberg had 
 abolished the censorship of the press ; and, with other items of 
 
 Proposed 
 
 Copyright 
 
 Act 
 
 amendment 
 
 defeated by 
 
 one 
 
 Education : 
 
 Brougham's 
 
 Report. 
 
 Holbom 
 
 Viaduct 
 
 anticifated 
 
28 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Waterloo 
 Bridge 
 opened. 
 
 Death of 
 Princess 
 Charlotte 
 
 Death of 
 
 Madame de 
 
 Stael. 
 
 home news, that of the opening of Waterloo Bridge on Waterloo 
 day by the Priace Regent, accompanied by the Duke of York and 
 the Duke of WeUington, when a salute of 202 guns was fired in 
 commemoration of the number taken ia the battle. It is also stated 
 that the steamboats on the Clyde had come into general use and 
 that it was possible to dine on Monday in London and with the 
 Duke of Argyll at his romantic seat at Inverary on the following 
 Thursday ; and that the interior and exterior of the new Mint had 
 been hghted with gas. The apparatus, which was on a new plan, 
 was erected within the \^alls of the Mint. The gas was prepared 
 not by 
 
 " distilling coals in retorts in the usual manner, but by means of a 
 cylinder kept red hot and revolving round its axis. The cylinder, up- 
 wards of ten feet in diameter, produces during its revolution in 24 hours 
 a sufficient quantity of gas to light 1,600 lam.ps." 
 
 In the November number considerable space is also devoted 
 to an accoimt of the death of the Princess Charlotte, taken from 
 " the newspaper called The Day and New Times " ; and in the last 
 number for the year a report is given of the three celebrated Hone 
 trials, when, notwithstanding the severe summing-up of Lord 
 EUenborough, the jury in each case brought in a verdict of " Not 
 guilty." 
 
 Among the many obituary notices we find the death at Paris 
 on the 15th of July of Madame de Stael-Holstein, aged fifty-three. 
 She had expressed a wish that 
 
 " for three days her corpse might be attended before being for ever 
 inclosed in its coffin ; and for three days, in defiance of the distressing 
 circumstances reflection suggests, Augustus de Stael did not quit the 
 chamber of his departed mother. Her remains are to be conveyed to 
 Coppet for interment." 
 
 Her physicians were preparing for her oxygenous air when she 
 breathed her last. 
 
 The preface to the second part of the volume, dated the last 
 day of the year, is full of congratulation and gratitude for " the 
 patronage bestowed during the long period of Eighty-seven revolving 
 years," as well as fehcitations to " our coimtrymen on the improved 
 prospects which Providence generously ofEers to us at the opening 
 of a New Year." It is said that sedition is melting away, that 
 public credit is fresh and vigorous,* and that " the comforts of the 
 poor and the education of their children are the incessant objects 
 of the benevolent." 
 
 * Lord Castlereagh stated in the House of Commons, on the 11th 
 of July, that the Funds in the course of the session had risen from 62 
 to 80. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 29 
 
 Full information about Cave and the establishment of The, 
 Gentteman's Magazine is to be found in Timperley's ' Encyclopsedia,' 
 as well as an account of the difficulties he had to contend with in 
 including a resume of the Parhamentary debates. In every depart- 
 ment Cave took the most active interest ; and Dr. Johnson, who 
 succeeded WiUiam Guthrie in 1740 in the task of drawing up the 
 Debates, relates of Cave that he 
 
 " used to sell 10,000 of The Oentleman's Magazine ; yet such was then 
 his mimite attention and anxiety that the sale should not suffer the 
 smallest decrease, that he would name a particular person who he heard 
 had talked of leaving off the magazine, and would say, ' Let us have 
 something good next month.' " 
 
 And such was Cave's unremitting care that Johnson observed to 
 BosweU, " Cave scarcely ever looked out of^the window but with a 
 view to its improvement." 
 
 In The Gentleman's Magazine of the present day biography and 
 history retain the prominence which have always been assigned to 
 them ; and under the head of ' Table Talk ' matters of current 
 interest are treated, while each number contains at least one short 
 story. Mr. Chatto tells me that the number of contributors of 
 more recent years has exceeded one hundred and fifty. 
 
 That this oldest of all the magazines may, for long years yet 
 to come, continue fuU of life and vigour must be the wish of aU who 
 have enjoyed the vivid pictures of bygone times which, in such a 
 consecutive form, are to be found in the pages of The Gentleman's 
 Magazine alone.* 
 
 Cave and 
 Johnson. 
 
 " KAISAR-I-HIND." 
 
 The recent death of Dr. Leitner calls to mind that he was the 
 origiaator of the title " Kaisar-i-Hind " as the official translation 
 in India of " Empress of India." Sir George Birdwood in The 
 AthencBum of the 11th of November, 1876, describes this as being 
 " a most happy translation," and says that the complete style — in 
 spite of the mixture of languages — might be " Maharaj-Adhiraja 
 Sri Rani, Victoria, Kaisar-i-Hind," Great Sovereign over Sovereigns, 
 Consecrated Queen, Victoria, Empress of India. In the Commemora- 
 tion Gallery at the Oriental Institute at Woking is the only statue 
 in existence representing Her Majesty in this distinctive character, 
 and in an account given in The Daily Telegraph it is stated : — 
 
 " It was executed at the time of the Diamond Jubilee by the 
 Italian sculptor Signor Giuseppe Norfini, under the personal instructions 
 of Dr. Leitner, and differs from all others in several essential particulars. 
 
 * This hope was not realized, the magazine being discontinued in 
 June, 1907. 
 
 1899, April 15. 
 
 Kaisar-i- 
 Hind. 
 
 Sir George 
 Birdwood. 
 
 Daily 
 Telr.gra/ph. 
 
30 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The English Royal Crown, worn on the back of the head, had to be 
 discarded, as resembling too much an Indian topknot, indicative of 
 renunciation rather than rule. So the handsome crown on the Indian 
 rupee was adopted as a practical and appropriate solution of the 
 difficulty. Another feature of the statue is the ' a'rq-us-Saltanat,' 
 or ' vein of rule,' over the eye or forehead, which Oriental tradition 
 assigns to the person who is destined for sway. The Queen is repre- 
 sented as wearing several Indian orders, and the title ' Kaisar-i-HJiid ' 
 is inscribed on the stone in Persian and Hindi characters." 
 
 ALBERT GRANT AND 'THE ECHO.' 
 
 1899, Sept. 30. Truth, in its isue of the 7th of September, 1899, contains some 
 
 The Echo and interesting personal information in reference to the late Albert 
 Albert Grant. Grant's connexion with The Echo. It appears that 
 
 " Baron Grant bought The Echo — then a capital property, without 
 a rival in the trade — from Messrs. CasseU, Fetter & Galpin, for 20,000i. 
 He did not make much out of it, for he sold it to Mr. Passmore Edwards 
 for a trifle under what he gave." 
 
 But within a short time Mr. Edwards sold it for 80,000Z. " Not long 
 afterwards he bought it back again at a trifle higher figure." Under 
 Grant's proprietorship The Echo was brought out as a morning 
 paper — " the pioneer, consequently, of halfpenny morning as well as 
 halfpenny evening journalism." Truth states that Grant " was 
 the first person who ever persuaded the morning papers to break 
 their columns for an advertisement"— that is, to extend an advertise- 
 ment horizontally over the width of two or three columns. Al- 
 though Baron Grant was a Conservative in politics, he made no 
 attempt to alter the Radical principles of The Echo. 
 
 MEMORIAL TO THE POET CAMPBELL. 
 
 1899, Oct. 14. It is pleasant to record that the French have placed a tablet on 
 
 Memorial to the house at Boulogne where the poet Campbell breathed his last 
 the Poet on the 15th of June, 1844. Advantage was taken of the visit to 
 Campbell at Boulogne of some of the members of the British Association, and on 
 Boulogne. ^^^ 2igt of September, 1899, the tablet ^vas uncovered in the pre- 
 sence of a representative gathering of both nations. M. Leon Morel, 
 professor at the Lycee Louis le Grand, delivered the address, men- 
 tioning, among other works of the poet, " le petit poeme militaire 
 intitule ' Napoleon et le Matelot Anglais,' car il mteresse notre 
 histoire locale, c'est un recit que connaissent tons les collegiens 
 d'Angleterre, et bon nombre des notres." After reference to Camp- 
 bell's part in the foundation of the London University, M. Morel 
 closed his address by saymg that the memorial was " a token of 
 regard to a great man, and a token of old and sincere friendship with 
 a great nation." 
 
 M. Leon 
 Morel. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 31 
 
 Origin of 
 ' Hohen- 
 linden.' 
 
 The numbers of ' N. & Q.' are full of interesting references to 
 the poet, among others the origin of ' Hohenlinden,' with the 
 criticism which appeared in The Greenock Advertiser ' Notices to 
 Correspondents ' : — 
 
 " T. C. — The lines commencing 
 
 On Linden, when the smi was low, 
 are not up to our standard. Poetry is evidently not T.C.'s forte." 
 
 The Athenceum of the 6th of July, 1844, in giving an account pyjigj, exiles 
 of the poet's funeral in Westminster Abbey, mentions that at that at Campbell's 
 part of the service where we commit his body to ashes and dust to funeral in 
 dust, " one of the Polish exiles cast upon the coffin of their friend *^^ Abbey. 
 some earth which he had brought with him from the grave of the 
 great Kosciusko." 
 
 J. Arnold 
 Green. 
 
 THE JOHN R7LANDS LIBRARY. 
 
 The opening of the John Rylands Library at Manchester on 1899, Oct. 21. 
 the 6th of October, 1899, was a red-letter day to all book-lovers. The 
 
 The collection includes theAlthorp Library, whichconsists of upwards Johi Bylands 
 of 40,000 volumes. It was purchased by Mrs. Rylands in 1892 for Library, 
 something over 200,000?., through Messrs. Sotheran & Co., Messrs. 
 Sotheby & Co. acting as agents for Earl Spencer ; but long previous 
 to this Mrs. Rylands, through her representative, Mr. J. Arnold 
 Green, had already secured about 20,000 volumes in all departments 
 of Uterature, including the finest collection of Bibles in the world, 
 in which will be found the Wycliffe MSS. (secured privately from the 
 Ashbumham Library), the Coverdale, a number of Tyndales, a 
 series of Cranmers, together with a copy of the Gutenberg ; and one 
 of the Bamberg publication, a work practically unknown to bibho- 
 graphers. The historical department comprises all the transactions 
 of the leading societies of the world, not omitting that of Moscow. 
 Natural history includes all the great serials and the fuiest copy of 
 Audubon's ' Birds of America,' being a presentation copy from the 
 author, coloured by him ; also Gould's series of ornithological works. 
 General Uterature is well represented by the leading authorities in 
 every department, and the unique collection of the county histories 
 of Great Britain must not be overlooked. These are all, without 
 exception, large-paper copies, each volume having all the coats of 
 arms illuminated in gold and colours. This work alone took an 
 artist six years to accomplish. The entire cost of these histories 
 exceeded 2,000Z. 
 
 The Rev. T. P. Dibdin, while he was Lord Spencer's librarian, 
 undertook a catalogue of the c hief rarities of the library. The notice 
 of him in the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' says of this that 
 " here his lamentable ignorance and unfitness for such a work are 
 sadly conspicuous. He could not even read the characters of the Greek 
 books he describes ; and his descriptions are so full of errors that it 
 
 Dibdin's 
 mistakes. 
 
32 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Block-print 
 
 of St. 
 Christopher. 
 
 Basil 
 Champneys. 
 
 Dr. Fairbairn, 
 
 Death of 
 Mrs. Rylands. 
 
 Dr. Green. 
 
 may be doubted if a single one is really accurate. On the other hand, 
 the descriptions were taken bond fide from the books themselves, and 
 thus the errors are not such as those of many of his predecessors in 
 bibKography, who copied the accounts of others, and wrote at second 
 hand, without having seen the books." 
 
 The collection includes the block- print of St. Christopher which was 
 supposed to be the oldest impression from a woodblock bearing a 
 date, this date being 1423 ; but The Athenceum of the 23rd of 
 November, 1844, stated that an earlier print had been discovered, 
 and on the 4th of October, 1845, gave a transcript of the Malines 
 print which bears the date 1418. I reproduced this in ' John 
 Francis,' vol. i. p. 79. 
 
 The building in which the Rylands treasures are placed is 
 well worthy of them ; it has been nine years in course of erection, 
 Mr. Basil Champneys being the architect. 
 
 The formation of this memorial to her husband has been to 
 Mrs. Rylands a work of love. Not a volume has escaped her 
 personal examination. At the opening ceremony Dr. Green, who, 
 with his sons, has been very helpful to Mrs. Rylands in bringing 
 her great gift to a successful issue, received the guests. Dr. Fair- 
 bairn delivered the address, in which he said, " While the library was 
 to have its home in Manchester, it was not to be Manchester's 
 alone — it was to be England's, it was to be the whole world's." 
 
 Since the date of this article, October 21st, 1899, the founder 
 and three of those who took an active part in the formation of the 
 library have passed away. Mrs. Rylands died at Torquay on 
 Tuesday, the 4th of February, 1908. By her will she bequeathed 
 200,0002. to the library. This additional sum raised the amount 
 she had expended on it to over a million sterling. 
 
 Dr. S. G. Green had died on the 15th of September, 1905. 
 He was from the first Mrs. Rylands's adviser and guide in relation 
 to the library, and he became the prime mover in it, every detail 
 being submitted to him. He was born in 1822, graduated at the 
 University of London, entered the Baptist ministry in 1844, and 
 later became President of Rawdon College. In 1876 he took up his 
 residence in London, becoming first editor, and then secretary, 
 to the Religious Tract Society, where his wide knowledge of lite- 
 rature and liberal views soon bore fruit in the publication by the 
 Society of books of a higher class than it had hitherto issued, and 
 that position is still maintained. Dr. Green's works include a 
 ' Handbook to the Grammar of the Greek Testament ' ; followed 
 by a ' Primer,' a ' Handbook to the Hebrew of the Old Testament,' 
 ' Handbook to Church History,' and a revised edition of Dr. Angus's 
 ' Bible Handbook.' In a revised edition of the EngUsh Bible, 1877, 
 which prepared the way for the Revised Version, he shared with 
 Dr. Jacob the work of revising the New Testament. To those of 
 us who had the privilege of his friendship his kindly disposition and 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 33 
 
 Christlike character stand out even before his scholarship, for he 
 has been well described as combining the intellect of the student 
 with the innocent simplicity of a child. 
 
 His son Arnold died on the 13th of September, 1907. To hun 
 was entrusted, as I have mentioned above, the collection of books 
 not only in England, but also from all parts of the Continent ; and 
 had it not been for him, the Althorp Library would not have been 
 secured. 
 
 Alexander Balderston Rail ton died on the 11th of September, 
 1904. He entered the service of Messrs. Sotheran in June, 1867, 
 and became a partner on Henry Sotheran's retirement in 1893. He 
 superintended the removal of the collection from Althorp to Long- 
 ford Hall, checking individually the Caxton items and other 
 incunabula. It was a pleasure to witness the delight and enthu- 
 siasm with which he would impart bibliographical information from 
 his own vast stores. In private life he was an earnest Christian 
 worker, and for years associated himself with the large number of 
 young men who attended the ministry of Samuel Martin at West- 
 minster Chapel. The Athenceum, in its obituary notice, well said of 
 him : " His personahty won the regard of all who came in contact 
 with him." 
 
 By the kindness of Mr. Henry Guppy, the courteous Librarian 
 of the Rylands Library, I have been enabled to make myself 
 acquainted with some of its treasures. The Catalogues and 
 Bulletins which he has edited are most valuable, and evince great 
 care and labour. The Bulletins show the work and progress of the 
 library, the accessions and gifts to it ; and it is pleasant to record 
 that the Governors do not confine themselves to the mere preserva- 
 tion and storage of the treasures, but seek to make them practically 
 useful by lectures, demonstrations, exhibitions, and organized 
 visits of senior scholars. As an instance of how interesting these 
 exhibitions are, it may be mentioned that at one of them was 
 shown the copy of the Gospels which was presented to Queen Eliza- 
 beth on the occasion of her progress through the City in January, 
 1558/9, by Francis Newport, who, for the sake of his rehgion, had 
 been compelled to fly during the reign of Mary. Other personal 
 copies were those of King James I., of Elizabeth Fry (full of her 
 marks and comments), and of Thomas Cromwell (which afterwards 
 belonged to George III.). 
 
 The various Catalogues now issued include one of an Exhibition 
 of Books and Broadsides illustrating the early history of printing, 
 specially arranged to signalize the visit of the Federation of Master 
 Printers and Allied Trades last year. In the arrangement of this 
 Mr. Guppy expresses his indebtedness to his colleague Mr. Guthrie 
 Vine. 
 
 Arnold Green. 
 
 Alexander 
 
 Balderston 
 
 Railton. 
 
 Lectures and 
 Exhibitions. 
 
34 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 History of 
 the library. 
 
 The John 
 
 Bylands 
 
 Facsimilea. 
 
 A brief historical description of the library and its contents can 
 be purchased for a shilling. In this it is stated that John Rylands 
 died on the 11th of December, 1888, and that early in the following 
 year his widow began to consider how best she could commemorate 
 the name and worth of her husband. After careful consideration, 
 she decided to estabhsh a library in the very heart of the city which 
 had been the scene of his varied activities and triumphs. While 
 the building was rising and books were being accumulated it was 
 announced that the Althorp collection might be acquired. This, 
 although it consisted, as already mentioned, of rather more than 
 40,000 volumes, does not constitute much more than a third of the 
 volumes now in the library. Mr. Guppy informs me that since the 
 building was dedicated to the public, upwards of 40,000 volumes 
 have been added, and he says : " It is our ambition to make of the 
 library, not merely a centre of light and leading in Manchester, but 
 a great reference library for the students and scholars of the North 
 of England." He hopes before the close of the year to issue a 
 dozen catalogues. With the object of encouraging research, the 
 Governors have decided to publish a series of facsimiles of some 
 of the rarer books and prints, to be known as " The John Rylands 
 Facsimiles." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF ' NOTES AND QUERIES.' 
 
 " We few, we happy few, we band of brothers," were the words 
 of greeting our beloved Editor, Joseph Knight, gave to his con- 
 tributors on the 4th of November, 1899, being the Jubilee number 
 of Notes and Queries. The following is the Historical Note which 
 I wrote at his request, and which appeared on that date : — 
 
 This last year but one of the nineteenth century has been 
 remarkable for the number of its centenary and jubilee celebrations. 
 
 On the 16th of January three hundred years had passed since 
 the death, at his lodgings in King Street, Westminster, of Edmund 
 Spenser. On the 5th of June the centenary of the Royal Institution 
 was celebrated. On the 13th of the same month was the jubilee 
 of the first municipal pubHc free Ubrary in the United Kingdom, 
 that in the Peel Park, SaKord. The 28th of August was the hundred 
 and fiftieth anniversary of the birth of Goethe. Festivities com- 
 memorating the event were commenced on the 19th of August, and 
 not concluded until the 6th of September, when the Goethe Platz 
 was decorated and lighted in " hervorragender Weise " ; but 
 amid all the rejoicings it is beautiful to record that the graves 
 of Goethe's parents in the old churchyard of St. Peter were not 
 forgotten, lovely wreaths of fiowers and laurels being placed upon 
 them. Other events include the centenary of the Church Missionary 
 Society, founded on the 14th of April, 1799 (to commemorate 
 the event Mr. Eugene Stock, the editorial secretary, has written a 
 full history of the Society, pubUshed in three volumes) ; the cen- 
 tenary of the Eehgious Tract Society, founded by the Rev. George 
 Burder, of Coventry, on the 9th of May, 1799 (the Rev. Samuel 
 G. Green, D.D., the secretary, has sketched ' The Story of the ReU- 
 glous Tract Society for One Hundred Years.' This contains a 
 facsimile of Tract No. 6, ' The Repentance and Happy Death of 
 the Celebrated Earl of Rochester.' It is curious to note that the 
 name of the printer of this tract is Rousseau) ; and the jubilee of 
 "that dream of Father Newman and Father Faber of bringing 
 Rome to London," the founding of the London Oratory, this being 
 opened in King William Street, Strand, on the 31st of May, 1849. 
 Among anniversaries of inventions must be mentioned the diamond 
 jubilee of photography, and the centenary of the yet more important 
 discoveries by Volta as to the properties of electricity. 
 
 c 2 
 
 1899, Nov. 4. 
 
 Jubilee of 
 
 JVotes and 
 Querien : 
 Editor's 
 greeting. 
 
36 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 William John 
 
 Thorns, its 
 
 founder. 
 
 His articles in 
 
 T)ie 
 Athenteiim on 
 " Folk-Lore." 
 
 Title of Notes 
 and Queries. 
 
 Peter 
 
 Cunningham 
 
 suggests a 
 
 Cowper motto 
 
 Ladysuggests 
 Captain 
 Cuttle. 
 
 It is in this eventful year we celebrate the jubilee of, to speak 
 of it in the terms of its founder, " dear old Notes and Queries" 
 the first number of which was pubhshed on the 3rd of November, 
 1849. In the summer of 1846 Wfr. William John Thoms, the founder 
 and first editor of Notes and Queries, wrote to The Athenaeum, 
 suggesting that it would be both useful and interesting if it would 
 open its columns to correspondence on the manners, customs, 
 observances, superstitions, ballads, proverbs, &c., of the olden time. 
 Mr. Dilke was so much struck with the idea that he invited Mr. 
 Thoms to call upon him at the office in Wellington Street, when, with 
 certain hmitations, the plan was agreed to, and on the 22nd of 
 August the first article appeared, Mr. Thoms writing under the 
 pseudonym of " Ambrose Merton," and giving to his investigations 
 the title of " Folk-Lore." In the number published on the 4th of 
 September, 1847, Mr. Thoms revealed himseK to be " Ambrose 
 Merton," and at the same time claimed the honour of introducing 
 the expression "Folk-Lore," "as Isaac D'Israeli does of introducing 
 ' Fatherland ' into the literature of the country." The Athenceum 
 of the same date states " that in less than twelve months the word 
 ' Folk-Lore ' has almost attained to the dignity of a household 
 word." Mr. Thoms at this time commenced a series of nine articles 
 on the Folk-Lore of Shakespeare, httle realizing that this special 
 subject was to assume such dimensions. In 1849 it was found that 
 the Folk-Lore articles and correspondence had become so extensive 
 that it was impossible, having regard to the increasing demands 
 that literature, the fine arts, and the other subjects treated in 
 The Athenceum made on its space, that they should be continued. 
 Mr. Thoms, therefore, felt that the time had come when a journal 
 entirely devoted to the subjects in question might be started with a 
 fan chance of success. The title of Notes and Queries, " after much 
 cudgelling of brains," was hit upon, and with a hearty greeting from 
 The Athenceum the new paper started on its way. 
 
 Mr. Thoms, in his interesting reminiscences of the founding of 
 the journal (5 S. vi. 1, 41, 101, 221 ; vii. 1, 222, 303), gives a record 
 of the first six numbers, and renders, with true old-world courtesy, 
 fuU tribute to those whose contributions had been so largely helpful 
 to its success. He also says that the title of Notes and Queries 
 was not considered by many of his friends to be a good one, but 
 that he himself, being so well pleased with it, determined to stand 
 fast by it. Mr. Peter Cunningham suggested for its motto the 
 words of Cowper : — 
 
 By thee I might correct, erroneous oft, 
 The clock of History — facts and events 
 Timing more punctual, unrecorded facts 
 Recoveriag, and mis-stated setting right. 
 
 But it was due to the happy suggestion of a lady that Captain 
 Cuttle's favourite maxim became the motto of the new venture. 
 
ifOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 37 
 
 opening 
 numbers. 
 
 The first number opened with an address by Dr. Maitland. Contents of 
 This was followed by a note by John Bruce, ' On the Place of 
 Capture of the Duke of Monmouth ' ; then ' Shakespeare and Deer 
 Stealing,' by John Payne CoUier ; and ' Pray remember the Grotto,' 
 by the Editor. Mr. Dilke and Mr. Albert Way also contributed, 
 and Peter Cunningham gave some ' New Facts about Lady Arabella 
 Stuart.' Strange to say, notwithstanding the variety and interest- 
 ing character of the paper, only forty copies were sold on the day 
 of publication. In the course of the next few weeks this forty was 
 increased to six hundred, after which the sale gradually but steadily 
 became larger, several of the first issues having to be reprinted. 
 In these early numbers it is curious to note the phraseology of fifty 
 years ago, the complimentary term for contributors being " respect- 
 able," while the title of esquire was then so limited that we actually 
 find Mr. Murray in his advertisements adding " Esquire " to the 
 names of most of his authors. 
 
 The third number contains some original letters addressed by 
 Lord Nelson's brother to the Rev. A. J. Scott in reference to the 
 arrangements for the removal of the body of the fallen hero from 
 the Victory to Greenwich Hospital. The letters are signed 
 " Nelson," and a postscript to one of them is as follows : — • 
 
 " It will be of great importance that I am in possession of his 
 last will and codicils as soon as possible — no one can say that it does 
 not contain, among other things, many directions relative to his 
 funeral." 
 
 The Rev. AKred Gatty, who had kindly placed these letters 
 at Mr. Thoms's disposal, adds : — 
 
 " The codicil referred to in these letters proved to be, or at least 
 to include, that memorable document which the Earl suppressed, 
 when he produced the will, lest it should curtail his own share of the 
 amount of favour which a grateful country would be anxious to heap 
 on the representatives of the departed hero. By this imworthy conduct 
 the fortunes of Lady Hamilton and her stiU surviving daughter were 
 at once blighted." 
 
 In the fourth number appears a query from Sir George Corne- 
 waU Lewis, who continued to be a constant contributor, his last 
 paper appearing only two days before his death, which took place 
 on the 13th of AprU, 1863. To enumerate all the chief contributors 
 would be to give almost every known name in hterature. Many, 
 like Mr. Dilke, chose to remain anonymous, but among those whose 
 names appear in the early numbers may be mentioned Mr. WiUiam 
 Bernard MacCabe, the author of the ' Cathohc History of England,' 
 and the first to suggest the pubhcation at stated intervals of those 
 General Indexes of which Lord Brougham said that " they double 
 the value and utility of Notes and Queries "—John Wilson Croker, 
 Lord Shaftesbury, Lord Strangford (whose translation of Camoens 
 earned him a place in the ' English Bards and Scotch Reviewers '), 
 
 Rev. Alfred 
 Gatty. 
 
 Sir George 
 
 Cornewall 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 William 
 Bernard 
 MacOabe 
 suggests 
 General 
 Indexes. 
 Names of 
 contributors. 
 
38 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Lord Braybrooke, John Britton, James Robinson Blanche, Henry 
 Hallam, Brof. de Morgan, J. 0. Halliwell, Douglas Jerrold, R. 
 Monckton Milnes (afterwards Lord Houghton), Dr. Doran, W. Moy 
 Thomas, E. F. Rimbault, Beter Curmingham, and Samuel Weller 
 Singer, who told Mr. Thorns that " Notes and Queries had served to 
 call him into a new Uterary existence." Mr. Thorns, indeed, stated 
 it as his belief that but for Note? and Queries " the lovers of Shake- 
 speare would never have seen Mr. Singer's most valuable edition of 
 their favourite poet." 
 
 The first volume of Notes and Queries was completed with the 
 thirtieth number. May 25th, 1850, the second volume ruiming from 
 the 1st of June to the end of the year, after which the volumes were 
 issued each haK year, the First Series being completed on the 
 22nd of December," 1855. 
 
 By the close of the first twelve months Mr. Thorns had the 
 dehght of knowing that the objects he had in view in starting his 
 paper had been, to a large extent, fufilled ; he had laid down his 
 " literary railway," and it had been " especially patronized by 
 first-class passengers," his aim being, as he tells us in his 
 introduction to the fifty-second number, 
 
 " to reach the learning which lies scattered not only throughout every 
 part of our own country, but all over the literary world, and to bring 
 it all to bear upon the pursuits of the scholar ; to enable, in short, 
 men of letters all over the world to give a helping hand to one another." 
 
 And this end had, to a certain extent, been accomphshed. 
 
 " Our last number," continues Mr. Thoms, 
 
 " contains communications not only from all parts of the metropolis, 
 and from almost every coimty in England, but also from Scotland, 
 Ireland, Holland, and even from Demerara." 
 
 Hundredth A further note of congratulation is added in " Our Himdredth 
 
 number. Number," when Mr. Thoms claims " the privilege of age to be 
 garrulous." He states that 
 
 " during the hundred weeks our paper has existed we have received 
 from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and France — 
 from the United States — from India — from Australia^ — from the West 
 Indies — from almost every one of our Colonies — letters expressive 
 of the pleasure which the writers (many of them obviously scholars 
 ' ripe and good,' though far removed from the busy world of letters) 
 derive from the perusal of Notes and Queries." 
 
 Mr. Thoms adds : " How many a pertinent Note, suggestive 
 Query, and apt Reply have reached us from the same remote 
 quarters ! " Reference is also made to the good service rendered 
 to men of letters here at home, as well as to a goodly list of works 
 of learning and research, such as Cunningham's ' Handbook of 
 London Bast and Bresent,' " published when we had been but a few 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 39 
 
 months in existence, down to Wycliffe's ' Three Treatises on the 
 Church,' recently edited by the E«v. Dr. Todd." 
 
 Many suggestions have been made by contributors from time 
 to time with a view to increasing the usefulness of Notes and Queries. 
 Among these was one made by Mr. F. A. Carrington on the 15th of 
 November, 1856, that " ' N. & Q.' would have great additional value 
 if the contributors of Notes (Queries do not signify) would give their 
 names." This ehcited from " C." on the 6th of Decembtr a reply 
 against the proposal : — 
 
 " Those who please may, and many do sign, and others who give 
 no name are as well known as if they did ; but as a general rule the 
 absence of the name is, I am satisfied, best. It tends to brevity — it 
 obviates personalities — it allows a freer intercommunication of opinion 
 and criticism." 
 
 Then " C." closes with a prediction that must have set the editor 
 all of a tremble : " If we were all to give our names ' N. & Q.' would, 
 in three weeks, be a cock-fit" 
 
 Notes and Queries during the first few years took up a wide 
 range of subjects. It was the first journal to open its pages to a 
 record of photographic discovery and progress, and gave full 
 instructions for the successful practice of photography. Among 
 contributors on the subject was Dr. Diamond. He was the first 
 to take a negative and print from it a positive copy of an old manu- 
 script. Mr. Thoms would often mention with what delight Sir 
 Frederic Madden examined the first specimens, as he saw every 
 line, letter, and contraction copied with a truthfulness no human 
 hand could approach, and learnt that, the negative once accurately 
 taken, copies of it might be produced in any number. Mr. Thoms 
 always felt that his friend Dr. Diamond's share in photographic 
 discoveries had not been sufficiently recognized ; and I can well 
 imagine how he would have put on one of his humorous smiles and 
 styled the jubilee celebration of photography a truly "Diamond" 
 one. 
 
 Notes and Queries continued to allow much space to photo- 
 graphers until the science of photography had sufficiently advanced 
 for them to have a journal of their own, so that the early numbers 
 contain a full history of its progress. The advertisements of the 
 various firms who dealt in the chemicals and apparatus required are 
 full of interest. A note is made of the fact that Yarmouth was the 
 first town to adopt photography for the purpose of copying Corpora- 
 tion records. It is also recorded that George Shaw Lefevre, being 
 present at the fall of Sebastopol on the 8th of September, 1855, took 
 photographs immediately after the Russian retreat. The views, 
 twelve in number, were published m aid of the Nightingale Fund. 
 A remarkable use of photography in time of war is noted in the 
 number of the 4th of February, 1871 : ' How TJie Times was sent to 
 
 Photography : 
 
 the first 
 
 specimens. 
 
 Dr. Diamond 
 
 Yarmouth 
 first to use 
 photography 
 for copying 
 Corporation 
 records. 
 
40 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 James 
 Yeowell. 
 
 Exhibitions 
 
 of 1851 and 
 
 1862. 
 
 Death of the 
 Duke of 
 
 Wellington : 
 
 Times 
 
 memoir. 
 
 Paris during the Siege.' The pages of the paper containing com- 
 munications to relatives in, Paris were photographed on pieces of 
 thin and almost transparent paper about an inch and a half in. 
 length by an inch in width. The photographs were sent to Bor- 
 deaux, thence by carrier pigeon to Paris, where they were magnified 
 by the aid of the magic lantern, and the messages sent off to the 
 places indicated by the advertisers. From a note made by Mr. John 
 Macray in the number of the 8th of December, 1860, it would appear 
 that Lord Brougham was the discoverer of photography. Mr. 
 Thoms, on the 11th of October, 1879, in a pathetic appeal to photo- 
 graphers, asks them to make a small return for the service rendered 
 to photography in its early days by Notes and Queries : — 
 
 " Among the collection of photographic portraits of old friends, 
 literary and personal, which I possess, raany are fast fading away — 
 several of friends now no longer living. Is it possible to revive them ? 
 Surely the Photographic Society ought to have among its men of science 
 remedy for this great evil, or some simple mode of so priating photo- 
 graphs as to ensure their not fading." 
 
 In the indexes to the eighth and ninth volumes the plan was 
 adopted of denoting unanswered queries with an asterisk, but the 
 increasing number of queries rendered the labour of such a record 
 too great. The indexes to the first three Series were the work of 
 Mr. James Yeowell, and the plan and methods originated by him 
 have been carefully preserved in the succeeding issues. Of his 
 services to the pubhcation I shall again make mention. 
 
 Notes and Queries has from the first taken advantage of current 
 events in order to deal with them from its own special standpoint. 
 The opening of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of aU Nations 
 in 1851, and that of the Exhibition of 1862, are referred to m its 
 columns. On the 6th of December, 1851, " an imperishable 
 monument " of the great gathering of the nations is reviewed — 
 ' The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue,' together with 
 Robert Hunt's ' Handbook to the Official Catalogues.' The three 
 octavo volumes of the former work contain an account of every 
 article sho^vn by the fifteen thousand exhibitors, illustrated with 
 twelve hundred woodcuts. The pubhshers, Messrs. Spicer & Sons, 
 were the exhibitors of a large roU of paper 46 inches wide and 
 2,500 yards in length ; this was the first time that paper had been 
 made beyond the then ordinary lengths, and it attracted much 
 attention. The daily papers are now all printed from long rolls, 
 that of The Times being two miles in length. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 14th of September, 1852, the Duke of Welling- 
 ton died suddenly at Walmer Castle, and Notes and Queries, in the 
 number pubUshed on the 25th, makes reference to the memoir of the 
 Duke that had been given in The Times, the first portion, twenty-one 
 columns in length, appearing on the morning foUo^ving his decease, 
 " a memoir worthy ahke of its subject and of the journal in which it 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 41 
 
 Character- 
 istic 
 statuette. 
 
 appeared." Needless to say that the numbers containing the 
 memoir were immediately out of print,* and permission was granted 
 to Messrs. Longman to pubhsh it in " The Traveller's Library," 
 where it forms the thirty-first part. It is rather remarkable that 
 following this notice is a review of Victor Hugo's ' Napoleon the 
 Little.' " The admirable Ukeness of the Duke painted by the late 
 Count d'Orsay " is referred to on the 2nd of October as holding " a 
 foremost place, not less for its own great merit than for the curious 
 fact that the Duke, having occasion to select a portrait on which 
 to affix his autograph," chose an engraving from the D'Orsay 
 picture for that purpose ; and in the following week Mr. Thoms 
 noticed a " very characteristic statuette of ' The Duke of WeUington 
 in the House of Lords ' " as an admirable memorial of him modelled 
 by Mr. George Abbott from a sketch by Alfred Crowquill, and exe- 
 cuted in Parian. 
 
 " A pretty frequent opportunity of seeing the Greatest Man of his 
 Age in that House of which he was the ornament enables us to speak 
 with confidence of the admirable manner in which the artist has caught 
 the Duke' s usual quiet unaffected attitude, as he sat with his legs crossed , 
 and his hands on his knees, the observed of all observers." 
 
 A coincidence is noted by Mr. Yeowell in the number for the 24th of 
 December, 1853. On the news of the death reaching Trim the 
 Dean (Butler) caused the muffled chimes to be rung. The large bell, 
 which was considered one of the finest and sweetest in Ireland, had 
 hardly tolled a second time when it suddenly broke, and on examin- 
 ing the beU it was found to have been cast in the very year the Duke 
 was bom, 1769. 
 
 Materials helpful to a life of the Duke abound in the pages 
 of Notes and. Queries. The date of his birth, his Irish origin, his 
 early days, his residence; in Dublin, his missing correspondence, his 
 sayings, all find a plare. Some correspondents bestowed much 
 labour in searching for tn.' derivation of " Wellesley." Mr. Henry 
 Walter (1 S. No. 201) states that WeUington's clerical brother was 
 entered on the Boards of St. John's College, Cambridge, as Wesley, 
 and the name continued to be spelt as Wesley in the calendars until 
 1809, when it was altered to Wellesley. 
 
 During 1858 there was a discussion as to the Waterloo dispatch The Waterloo 
 arriving in London some hours after the news of the battle had dispatch, 
 become known. J. M., in the number for December 18th, relates 
 
 Materials for 
 
 his biography 
 
 in ' N. & Q.' 
 
 * The sale of newspapers containing memoirs of the Duke was 
 enormous, and Mr. H. M. Bealby, in the number for October 8th, 
 1853, gives the circulation of The Times on the 19th of November, 
 1852, the day after the Duke's funeral, as 70,000 ; while the double 
 number of The Illiostrated London News, with a narrative of the funeral, 
 sold 400,000. " During the week of the Duke's fimeral there were issued 
 by the 'stamp Office to the newspaper press more than 2,000,000 
 stamps." 
 
42 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Did 
 Wellington 
 and Nelson 
 ever meet ? 
 
 Death o£ the 
 Prince 
 
 Consort. 
 
 Death of 
 
 Charles 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Dilke. 
 
 His love of 
 truth. 
 
 ' Papers of a 
 Critic. ' 
 
 that on the 1st of February, 1822, he heard the Duke explain the 
 matter by stating that, from his respect for the royal family of 
 France, and considering the great interest they had in it, he thought 
 it proper that the earhest inteUigence of the event should be com- 
 municated to Louis XVIII., then residing at Ghent. A Jew, who 
 was in front of the house, had his curiosity excited by observing 
 signs of joy among the royal party, went in, obtained the news, 
 hastened to London, and carried it to Lord Liverpool and some others 
 before the arrival of Capt. Percy with the dispatches. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1860, Mr. Robert Rawlinson, in reply 
 to the query, Did Wellington and Nelson ever meet ? relates that 
 Mr. Henry Graves asked the Duke, who replied, " Well, I was once 
 going upstairs in Downing Street, and I met a man coming down- 
 stairs. I was told that man was Lord Nelson. So far as I know, 
 that was the only occasion on which I ever met or saw him." 
 
 On the 21st of December, 1861, Notes and Queries appeared with 
 its front page in mourning for the Prince Consort, and Mr. Thorns 
 makes sympathetic reference to the great national loss. " The 
 miUions sorrow as one, with a sorrow of which the depth is only 
 equalled by its sincerity." 
 
 On August 13th, 1864, Mr. Thoms thus records the death of 
 his friend Charles Wentworth Dilke : — 
 
 " In the death of Charles Wentworth Dilke ' N. & Q.' has sustained 
 a great loss ; for, among the many able writers who have from time 
 to time contributed to its pages, no one has enriched them with so 
 many valuable papers illustrative of English History and Literature 
 as he whose death it is now our painful duty to record. Mr. Dilke 
 was one of the truest-hearted men, and kindest friends, it has ever 
 been our good fortune to know. He died on Wednesday last, in the 
 seventy -fifth year of his age. The distinf uishing feature of his 
 character was his singular love of truth, and h's sense of its value and 
 importance, even in the minutest points and o ■ .jstions of literary history. 
 In all his writings the enforcement of this great principle, as the only 
 foundation of literary honour and respectability, was his undeviating 
 aim and object. What the independence of English Literary Journalism 
 owes to his spirited exertions, clear judgment, and unflinching honesty 
 of purpose, will, we trust, be told hereafter by an abler pen than that 
 which now announces his deeply lamented death." 
 
 On the 10th of July, 1875, Mr. Thoms reviews " The Papers 
 of a Critic, selected from the Writings of the late Charles Wentworth 
 DUke, with a Biographical Sketch by his Grandson, Sir Charles W. 
 DUke, Bart., M.P.," 2 vols. (Murray). Mr. Thoms in his review 
 states that there was no more successful clearer-up of vexed ques- 
 tions in social, political, or literary history than the late Mr. Dilke, 
 
 " for the simple reason that he brought to the work persistent industry, 
 earnestness, and an honest spirit of truthfulness ; and he delivered no 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 43 
 
 judgment till he was thoroughly satisfied that it was correct on every 
 point, and in no part assailable. But the readers and contributors of 
 N. & Q.' do not require to be told of the rare qualities which distin- 
 guished Mr. Dilke as a critic. They will be glad to possess the papers 
 which his grandson has collected, and which prove that he stood un- 
 rivalled as a great master of the art of criticism. They who had the 
 honour of possessing his friendship have a loving and undying memory 
 of what Mr. Dilke was as a man. To those who were strangers to him 
 we heartily recommend a perusal of the memoir, in which his grandson 
 tells the story of a thoroughly honest man's honest and useful life." 
 
 Mr. Thorns then gives in full a birthday letter from Mr. Dilke to his 
 son, of which he says : — • 
 
 " The columns of ' N. & Q.' have contained many beautiful letters 
 written by men who now, as the phrase is, ' belong to history '; but we 
 question if there is one among them all which is so tender and wise." 
 
 Mr. Dilke's contributions to Notes and Queries were very large, 
 but as in its pages he had, as he said, " as many aliases as an Old 
 Bailey prisoner," it is difficult to trace some of them. In ' The 
 Papers of a Critic ' we are helped to a solution. " He nearly always 
 used the initials of the first three words of the heading of his con- 
 tributions. Suppose, for instance, it was ' The Carylls of Ladyholt,' 
 it would be signed T. C. 0." Among the subjects treated upon were 
 Pope, Junius, Wilkes, Burke, ' Hugh Speke and the Forged Declara- 
 tion of the Prince of Orange ' (a series of notes in which Mr. Dilke 
 defended one of the leaders of Monmouth's rebellion against Mac- 
 aulay), centenarianism, and various others. In the memoir which 
 appears of Mr. Dilke in the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' 
 it is stated that " the best comments on his character and his 
 literary work were those of his old friend Thorns in Notes and 
 Queries." 
 
 I will add only this testimony from myself : no words can 
 express the affection and regard that my father and aU of us in 
 our home in Wellington Street had for him. 
 
 The number for the 28th of September, 1872, opens with ' A 
 Parting Note ' from Mr. Thoms : — 
 
 " There is something very solemn in performing any action under 
 the consciousness that it is for the last time. 
 
 " Influenced by this feeUng, it had been my intention that this the 
 last number of Notes and Queries edited by me should not have contained 
 any intimation that the time had arrived when I felt called upon to 
 husband my strength and faculties for those official duties which form 
 the proper business of my life. 
 
 " But the fact having been widely announced, I owe it to myseK, 
 and to my sense of what is due to that large body of friends, known and 
 unknown, by whom I have been for three-and-twenty years so ably and 
 
 His 
 contributions 
 to ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Memoir in 
 ' Dictionary 
 of National 
 Biography.' 
 
 ' A Parting 
 Note ' from 
 Mr. Thoms. 
 
44 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 generously seconded, to tender them my public and grateful acknow- 
 ledgments for their long-continued kindnesses. 
 
 With conscious pride I view the band 
 
 Of faithful friends that round me stand ; 
 
 With pride exult that I alone 
 
 Have joined these scattered gems in one ; 
 
 Rejoiced to be the silken line 
 
 On which these pearls united shine. 
 
 " This pride is surely a most justifiable one ; and he who could 
 separate himself from the pleasant associations which I have thus 
 enjoyed for nearly a quarter of a century, without deep pain and 
 emotion, must be made of sterner materials than I can boast. 
 
 " That pain would be yet greater, that emotion yet more deep, 
 did I not feel assured that in resigning my ' plumed ' sceptre into the 
 hands of Dr. Doran, I entrust it to one who not only desires to maintain 
 unchanged the general character of this Journal, but will by his intelli- 
 gence, courtesy, and good feeling, secure for dear old Notes and Queries 
 the continued allegiance of those kind and intelligent friends who have 
 made it what it is. 
 
 " To those friends, one and all, I now with the deepest gratitude, 
 and most earnest wishes for their welfare and happiness, tender a hearty 
 and affectionate Fabewell. William J. Thoms. 
 
 " In pubHoly acknowledging how great are my obligations to my 
 accomplished friend Mr. James Yeowell, for his valued and long- 
 continued assistance, I am doing a simple act of justice which it affords 
 me the highest gratification to perform." 
 
 Dr. Doran The editorship of Dr. Doran commenced on the 5fch of October, 
 
 Editor. j^j^^ Notes and Queries having been purchased by Sir Charles W. 
 Dilke, its publication was removed to 20, Wellington Street, the 
 office of The Athenceum, and my father became its publisher. For 
 the first fourteen years it was published by Mr. George Bell, of Bell 
 & Daldy, now the well-known firm of George Bell & Sons. Mr. Bell 
 took great interest in its progress, and regretted much having to 
 sever his connexion with it ; but with the increase of his own 
 business, and the fact that Notes and Queries now required an office 
 of its own, it was not possible to combine the two. When Mr. 
 Thoms decided upon the change he consulted with my father, who 
 took in hand all the business details until Notes and Queries was 
 safe in its new home. 
 
 On the 3rd of January, 1874, Dr. Doran, in introducing the 
 first number of the Fifth Series, states that Mr. Thoms, when com- 
 mencing the Third Series, quoted the lines addressed by Ben Jonson 
 to Selden 
 
 " as Hnes the apphcability of which to this journal had been pointed 
 out by one of the first and most valued of our contributors. They are 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 45 
 
 lines which will bear repeating here, for their appheation, it is hoped, 
 is as well founded now as in 1862 : — 
 
 What fables have you vexed, what truth redeemed, 
 
 Antiquities searched, opinions disesteemed. 
 
 Impostures branded, and authorities urged ! 
 
 'What blots and errors have you watched and purged. 
 
 Records and authors of, how rectified. 
 
 Times, manners, customs, innovations spied ! 
 
 Sought out the fountains' sources, creeks, paths, ways 
 
 And noted the biginnings and decays ! 
 
 What is that nominal mark, or real rite. 
 
 Form, act, or ensign that hath escaped your sight ? 
 
 How are traditions there examined 1 how 
 
 Conjectures retrieved ! and a story, now 
 
 And then, of times (besides the bare conduct 
 
 Of what it tells us) weaved in to instruct ! " 
 
 Dr. Doran mentions as a matter for congratulation that 
 " ' N. & Q.' has lost no valuable contributor (except by death or infirmity) 
 since Mr. Thorns retired, and that new and well-endowed correspondents 
 have supplied the places of the departed. To all these the tribute of 
 thanks and good wishes is heartily rendered." 
 
 Mr. Thorns, in his preface to the Fourth General Index, written 
 by him at the request of Dr. Doran, points to the success of Notes 
 and Queries as furnishing an unanswerable proof 
 " that the hterary jealousy of each other, so persistently charged against 
 literary men, is without real foundation ; and that the noble eulogy 
 in which Chaucer siunmed up his character, on the Clerk of Oxford, 
 
 And gladly wolde he learne and gladly teche, 
 is as justly appUcable to all real lovers of literature at the present day 
 as it was when the great Father of English poetry sketched, with his 
 matchless pencil, the motley group which started from the Tabard on 
 their never-to-be-forgotten pilgrimage." 
 
 Mr. James Yeowell, who had been the active sub-editor for 
 more than twenty years, died on Friday, the 10th of December, 
 1875, and the number for the 18th opens with a beautiful tribute to 
 his memory by Mr. Thorns, who said of him that he was " one who 
 had many friends, but never an enemy." The Athenceum, in its 
 obituary notice of the same date, states of this " simple-minded 
 worshipper of strict accuracy " that " no man was ever more for- 
 tunate in finding in his daily occupation the labour in which he 
 delighted," and suggests that his large collection of cuttings, 
 jottings, and notes illustrative of the biography of the " illustrious 
 obscure " of our literature should be secured by the British Museum. 
 
 The Athenceum of the following week mentions that 
 " amongst other minor matters involving research to which Mr. James 
 Yeowell devoted much attention may be named his efforts to prove 
 the authorship of the well-known lines 
 
 He that fights and runs away 
 May live to fight another dair. 
 
 Thoms's 
 preface to 
 
 Fourth 
 General 
 
 Index 
 
 Death of 
 
 James 
 Yeowell. 
 
46 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of Dr. 
 
 Doran : 
 
 Memoir by 
 
 Thorns. 
 
 Tribute from 
 a contributor. 
 
 A thenceiim 
 notice. 
 
 French 
 tribute. 
 
 H. F. Turle 
 Editor. 
 
 In Notes and Qiteries for July 25th, 1863, Mr. Yeowell thought that he 
 had discovered the author to be Ohver Goldsmith, inasmuch as the 
 couplet, slightly varjring from the way we give it, occurs in ' The Art 
 of Poetry on a New Plan,' compiled by John Newbery (the chief pub- 
 Usher of juvenile literature more than a century ago), and revised and 
 enlarged by Goldsmith. But the lines have since been found in Ray's 
 ' History of the BebeUion,' published in 1749, thirteen years before the 
 first edition of ' The Art of Poetry ' was issued." 
 
 On the 2iid of February, 1878, the front page appears in 
 mourning — " the accomplished gentleman and warm - hearted 
 scholar " Dr. Doran was dead. The short ' In Memoriam ' written 
 by Mr. Thorns records that he died, after a short illness, on Friday, 
 the 25th of January, in his seventy-first year : — 
 
 " Receiving his early education in France and Germany, and gifted 
 with a memory which never failed him. Dr. Doran was eminently fi^tted 
 to discharge the responsible duties of an editor — duties ca llin g for a 
 combination of firmness in maintaining the character of the journal 
 under his charge with a delicate regard for the stisceptibiUties of con- 
 tributors. Dr. Doran was, I believe, under twenty when his 'prentice 
 hand directed The Literary Chronicle ; and, for the last quarter of a 
 century, hardly a publishing season has returned without producing 
 some valued work from his pen. During the whole of this time he was 
 a constant contributor to various literary journals ; and yet such was 
 his indiistry, that all this labour did not compel him to withdraw from 
 that society where he was always so heartily welcomed, and where his 
 loss will be so deeply deplored." 
 
 The same number contains the following tribute from a corre- 
 spondent : — 
 
 " I am sure there is not a contributor to ' N. & Q.' who will not 
 mourn for our late Editor as for a father — a father both kindly and wise ; 
 as kindly when he wisely suppressed as when he courteously accepted 
 the communica;tions sent him. A week has not elapsed since I wrote 
 to thank him for the kindly reception with which I. a stranger both 
 to him and to fame, had met from him." 
 
 The Athenceum, in its biographical notice, stated of him : — 
 
 " Perhaps no critic ever did his full duty to the public with so much 
 tenderness towards writers. ' You are not mistaken, my dear fellow, 
 as to your facts,' he once remarked in his kindliest way to a young 
 writer, ' but don't hurt people needlessly with that strong pen of yours. 
 When you come to be as old as I am, you will be sorry to remember 
 that you have been guilty of needless cruelty to any one.' " 
 
 The French Notes and Queries, L" Intermediaire des Ghercheurs 
 et Gurieux, in its issue of the 25th of February, made graceful 
 reference to Dr. Doran, as is noted in the number of the 9th of 
 March. 
 
 Mr. H. F. Turle succeeded Dr. Doran as editor. He brought 
 with him a thorough knowledge of the work in all its details, having 
 been assistant to Mr. Thoms since the resignation of Mr. Yeowell, 
 and afterwards to Dr. Doran, who so much valued his services that, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 47 
 
 in reply to a letter he received from Mr. Thorns congratulating him 
 on the progress Notes and Queries was making, he wrote : — 
 
 " If what we are doing deserves praise from you and your late 
 aide-de-camp we may well be satisfied. I say we, for Mr. Turle merits 
 half at least of your good opinions, so indefatigable and cheerfully 
 willing is he in the work." 
 
 He had a great love for Notes and Queries, and in every way proved 
 himseK to be a most painstaking editor. 
 
 Mr. Thoms again appears before the readers of Notes and 
 Queries in the preface to the Index to the Fifth Series, as well as in 
 the first number of the Sixth, in which, with an old man's privilege, 
 he makes sorrowful reference to those contributors who had passed 
 away since he had called the journal into existence some thirty years 
 before : — 
 
 " Many of these were dear personal friends, ' not of the roll of 
 common men.' Peace to their honoured memories ! 
 
 " Happily for the cause of good earnest inquiry after literary and 
 historical truth, their places have been supplied by worthy successors, 
 as a glance at the contents of this the opening number of our Sixth 
 Series wiU abundantly testify. It is a number to which the editor may 
 point in every way with justifiable pride, as an evidence of the high 
 esteem in which ' N. & Q.' is held by men of eminence in- literature and 
 position. 
 
 " Long may my ofispring occupy the position which it so worthily 
 fills ; and long may the contributors to dear old ' N. & Q.' greet each 
 new series as I do this, Floreat ! Floreat ! Floreat ! " 
 
 In this number (January 3rd, 1880) Dean Stanley writes on 
 ' The Morosini Palace at Venice ' ; James Gairdner on ' The Maiden 
 Election of 1699 ' ; George Scharf on ' Another Old View of Covent 
 Garden Market ' ; Mr. Thoms on ' Chap-Book Notes ' (suggested 
 by Mr. Ebsworth's article ' A Lament of the Chapmen,' which had 
 appeared on the 13th of December, 1879) ; Prof. Skeat on ' A 
 Puzzle Solved ' ; and Mr. Walcott on ' Notes on Chichester,' in 
 which he says, " What a boon an analysis of episcopal registers 
 would be ! " Other contributors are W. R. S. Ralston and 
 Hermentrude (Miss Emily Holt, a short obituary of whom appeared 
 in ' N. & Q.' on January 6th, 1894). 
 
 Mr. Austin Dobson contributes the following to the Christmas 
 number of December 23rd, 1882 : — 
 A Rondeau. 
 
 In ' N. & Q.' we meet to weigh 
 The Hannibals of yesterday ; 
 
 We trace, thro' all its moss o'ergrown, 
 
 The script upon Time's oldest stone, 
 Nor scorn his latest waif and stray. 
 Letters and Folk-lore, Art, the Play ; 
 Whate'er, in short, men think or say. 
 
 We make our theme, — we make our own, — 
 
 In ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Thoms writes 
 
 preface to 
 
 Fifth General 
 
 Index. 
 
 Austin 
 Dobson con- 
 tributes a 
 Rondeau. 
 
48 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of 
 Tiirle. 
 
 The 
 
 A thtmavm 
 
 obituaiy 
 
 notice. 
 
 Stranger, whoe'er you be, who may 
 From China to Peru survey. 
 
 Aghast, the waste of thuigs unknown, 
 Take heart of grace, you 're not alone ; 
 And all (who will) may find their way 
 
 In ' N. & Q.' 
 Austin Dobson. 
 December, 1882. 
 
 It is pleasant to record that there are in this number the signatures 
 of many present contributors — Lady Russell, Prof. Skeat, W. T. 
 Lynn, the Rev. John Pickford, S. 0. Addy, Col. Prideaux, and 
 others. 
 
 Mr. Turle survived Er. Doran only five years and a few months. 
 He died very suddenly on the evening of Thursday, the 28th of 
 June, 1883, the first anniversary of his father's death. He had on 
 the Wednesday visited the grave at Norwood, and placed some 
 flowers in anticipation of his sisters' going there on the following 
 day. The ' In Memoriam ' which appeared in Notes and Queries 
 on the 7th of July included a few words signed A. J. M. : — 
 
 " I ask leave to say a word, prompted only by private friendship 
 and private sorrow, about the sad and sudden death of our genial 
 Editor. His judgment and tact and temper in the conduct of ' N. & Q.' 
 were singularly fme and accurate, and the loss of them is grievous to us 
 all. But there are many, and I am one of them, who will feel even 
 more deeply than this. They will feel, as I do now, that they have 
 lost a friend ; a man whose hearty, cheerful kindness and personal 
 regard were always at one's service and were always welcome. His 
 memory will live with that of ' N. & Q.,' which is no light nor trivial 
 touch of fame." 
 
 Mr. Turle was the fourth surviving son of the well-known 
 organist of Westminster Abbey, and was born on the 23rd of July, 
 1835. In September, 1841, the family went to live in the cloisters 
 of the Abbey, and Turle was educated at Westminster School, 
 under Dr. Williamson in the first instance, and from 1846 imder 
 Dr. LiddeU. He had from his early boyhood a fondness for archsBO- 
 logy, and particularly for church architecture and antiquities. 
 " Westminster Abbey," says The Athenaeum in its obituary notice 
 on the 7th of July, " endeared to him by associations of family, 
 friends, and long residence, was the centre of his afiections in the 
 world of architecture." He very kindly gave the workers at the 
 AthenEeum Press evidence of this by procuring for them an invita- 
 tion from Dean Stanley to go over the Abbey, when the Dean 
 spent the best part of an afternoon in explaining the various portions 
 of the building and its monuments, and afterwards entertained them 
 at tea in the Jerusalem Chamber. 
 
 During his short editorship of Notes and Queries Mr. Turle 
 devoted all his energies to its welfare. Nothing in connexion with 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 49 
 
 his work was too much trouble for him ; he regarded the paper 
 with enthusiastic affection, and I am sure that he would have 
 cordially approved the prediction of the critic in The Saturday 
 Review that Notes and Queries is perhaps the only weekly newspaper 
 that wiU be " consulted three hundred years hence." His kindly 
 nature had endeared him to all, and great was the sorrow caused 
 by his sudden loss. On the Simday evening following his death 
 the remains were removed to the Chapel of the Savoy, where they 
 rested until the Tuesday, when, after a service by the Dean of West- 
 minster, he was laid to rest with his father at Norwood, his friend 
 Canon Prothero reading the last words at the grave. In the cloisters 
 of Westminster Abbey a tablet has been placed to the memory of 
 Mr. Turle's father, and by special permission his own name has been 
 included. In Notes and Queries of November 28th, 1885, appears 
 a review of ' Psalm and Hymn Tunes,' composed by James Turle, 
 formerly organist andmaster of the choristersof Westminster Abbey, 
 collected and edited by his daughter S. A. Turle. Mr. Turle's 
 compositions range over a long period — from 1824 to 1878. He 
 was appointed organist to the Abbey in 1831, and so remained 
 until September 26th, 1875. He still retained a titular connexion 
 with the Abbey, and lived in his house in the Cloisters until his death 
 on June 28th, 1882. Dean Farrar has well said of him : " He 
 breathed through all his life the music of a sympathetic kindness 
 and of an invincible modesty, the music which ever seemed to be 
 slumbering on the instrument of his gentle life." 
 
 Mr. Joseph Knight, who succeeded Mr. Turle, has now been our 
 Editor for nineteen years. Both contributors and readers will 
 heartily congratulate him on this our Jubilee day, and all will 
 join in the desire that he may be spared to celebrate many future 
 birthdays of ' N. & Q.' The welcome words of greeting with which 
 he opens this number will find ready response. 
 
 As we all too sadly know. Knight lived to celebrate only seven 
 more birthdays of ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Saturday, the 15th of August, 1885, was a day of deep mourning 
 for Notes and Queries. The kind-hearted, genial scholar, its founder 
 and first editor, was dead. The obituary notice, written by Mr. 
 Knight, which appeared the following week, renders full tribute 
 to his sound learning, his genial fancy and humour, as well as to his 
 social gifts, which caused him to be a favourite in all companies, 
 while his good nature and tact saved him from being mixed up in 
 archaeological feuds, and preserved to him throughout his life a 
 record of intimacies and friendships imbroken by a single quarrel. 
 
 Although the daily papers at the time, as well as The Athenaeum, 
 gave obituary notices, and the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' 
 contains particulars of his life written by Mr. E. Irving Carlyle (how 
 proud Thoms would have been of the constant reference made to 
 ' N. & Q.' in its pages !), some record may be made of hun here. 
 
 p 
 
 His funeral 
 
 from the 
 
 Savoy. 
 
 James Turle's 
 
 ' Psalm and 
 Hymn Tunes.' 
 
 Joseph 
 Knight 
 becomes 
 Editor. 
 
 Death of 
 Thoms. 
 
 Obituary 
 notices. 
 
50 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Elected 
 
 Fellow oJ; the 
 
 Society of 
 
 Antiquaries. 
 
 His first work, 
 ' Early Prose 
 Romances.' 
 
 ' The Book of 
 the Court.' 
 
 " Ambrose 
 Merton." 
 
 Mr. William John Thorns was bom on the 16th of November, 
 1803, so that he was the junior of his friend Mr. Dilke by fourteen 
 years. He was the son of Nathaniel Thoms, who had been for 
 many years a clerk in the Treasury. Mr. T. C. Noble, in ' N. & Q.' 
 of the'l7th of October, 1885, records that a curious error was made 
 in the register of his baptism in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, 
 December 15th, 1803, in which his name is given as simply " John 
 Thoms, son of Nathaniel by Ruth Ann, [bom] November 16." 
 This was corrected in 1857 by a sworn affidavit before Mr. Arnold, the 
 magistrate, and at the foot of the page was then written, " This 
 should be William John Thoms, according to the declaration of 
 Mary Ann Thoms annexed hereto. Mercer Davies, curate, June 5, 
 1857." Mr. Thoms was for twenty years in the Secretary's 
 office at Chelsea Hospital. In 1845, additional clerks being required, 
 on account of the great railway pressure, for service in the House 
 of Lords, Mr. Thoms was appointed to a clerkship. He was for 
 many years head of the Printed Paper Office, where. The AfhencEum 
 says, his literary knowledge and research soon became known, 
 and it was not long before he 
 
 " had drawn to his room for unofficial purposes the great lawyers and 
 politicians of the recent past, Lord Brougham, Lord Lyndhurst, and 
 Lord Campbell ; the eminent historians Lord Macaulay and Earl Stan- 
 hope ; and to these may be added the names of the Earl of EUenborough, 
 Lord Broughton. . . .but a complete list would include most of the 
 distinguished names among the members. . . .of the Upper House." 
 
 As early as 1838 he was elected a Pellow of the Society of 
 Antiquaries, in the work of which he took an active part, and did 
 his best to prevent the election to membership of those who, with 
 only a superficial knowledge, sought to add the distinction of F.S.A. 
 to their names. 
 
 In the same year he was appointed secretary of the Camden 
 Society, a position which he held for thirty-five years. In 1863 
 Mr. Thorns was appointed Deputy Librarian of the House of Lords ; 
 this post, in consequence of old age, he resigned in 1882. 
 
 Mr. Thoms's first work, ' Early Prose Romances,' was pub- 
 lished in 1827-8, followed in 1834 by ' Lays and Legends of Various 
 Nations,' issued in monthly parts at half-a-crown, Mr. Thoms 
 choosing for his motto the words of Sir John Malcolm, " He who 
 desires to be well acquainted with a people will not reject their 
 popular stories or local superstitions." In 1838 he wrote ' The 
 Book of the Court, giving the Origin, Duties, and Privileges of the 
 NobiUty and of the Officers of State.' And in 1845, to show that 
 he was not always engaged on historic doubts, he published under 
 the title of ' Gammer Gurton's Pleasant Stories ' a deUghtful 
 little Christmas book for children, beautifully illustrated, and printed 
 by the Chiswick Press. The book is inscribed by Ambrose Merton, 
 (Sent., F.S.A. , who, " in all hearty good will and affection, dedicates 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 51 
 
 these world- reno^vned Stories to the Parents and Children of Merrie 
 England." He also completed an edition of Stow's ' Survey of 
 London ' and various other works, among these two volumes of 
 * Choice Notes from Notes and Queries : History and Folk-lore,' 
 1858 and 1859, long since out of print. Thoms also published three 
 notelets on Shakespeare, articles from Notes and Queries, and a 
 book on ' The Longevity of Man, its Facts and its Fictions.' In my 
 much- valued copy the author has written, " With the writer's 
 best regards." The publisher of this was his friend and an old 
 contributor, Mr. F. Norgate. 
 
 In Notes and Queries, February 20th, 1875, appeared, as I have 
 already mentioned (p. 7), a note by my father on ' A Centenarian ' 
 known to him, Mrs. Coxeter, of Newbury, born at Witney Feb- 
 ruary 1st, 1775, who had just celebrated her hundredth birthday. 
 Her death is recorded ia ' N. & Q.' of December 2nd in the foUow- 
 iag year, and Mr. Thoms acknowledges the claim to be " well 
 authenticated." The two friends would now and then have some 
 fun over this, when Mr. Thoms would put on his inimitable smile 
 and say, " Ah ! Mr. Francis, your friend must have been bom in a 
 Witney blanket." 
 
 Mr. Thoms ia a letter addressed to Prof. Owen, entitled 
 ' Exceptional Longevity,' published in 1879, tells the origin of his 
 investigations. For the first twelve months after he had started 
 Notes and Queries he used to insert, without the slightest doubt 
 as to their accuracy, all the various cases of exceptional longevity 
 which were sent to him. Mr. Dilke would good-naturedly quiz him 
 on his fondness " for the big-gooseberry style of communications," 
 so that when Sir George Comewall Lewis sent to him a paper on 
 ' Centenarians ' (3 S. i. 281) his mind was prepared to go into the 
 question. Mr. Thoms was a great rambler among the London 
 bookstalls, and in this " bookstalling " he and Mr. DUke were 
 friendly rivals. Mr. DUke on one occasion wrote to him : ' ' Chancery 
 Lane is my own manor, regularly haunted every Friday, and it is 
 not to be endured that a mere poacher shall shake my own property 
 in my own face." The letter is signed " Yours as you behave your- 
 self.'"' 
 
 Mr. Thoms in his ' Gossip of an Old Book-worm,' which 
 appeared in The Nineteenth Century in 1881, gives some interesting 
 particulars as to his search for pamphlets and books among the 
 bookstalls, when he would often meet Lord Macaulay on the same 
 errand. 
 
 Mr. Thoms tells us that he had a love for books from his earliest 
 years, the taste for them being encouraged by his father, who was a 
 diligent reader of the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, his library 
 containing a complete set of each. Being very short-sighted, he 
 was not able to join in sports like other boys. " There was only one 
 
 P 3 
 
 His friend 
 
 F. Norgate. 
 
 A genuine 
 centenarian 
 Mrs. Coxeter. 
 
 Thoms's letter 
 to Prof. Owen 
 
 on 
 
 ' Exceptional 
 
 Longevity.' 
 
 Dilke and 
 
 Thoms "book 
 
 stalling." 
 
 Thoms loves 
 
 books, but can 
 
 " handle the 
 
 gloves." 
 
52 NOTES BY THE WAY, 
 
 branch of them in which I was an adept, and in these refined days 
 I ahnost blush to refer to it. I was said to handle the gloves very 
 
 nicely." 
 
 The year 1872 was full of activity for Mr. Thorns. We find him 
 busy investigating ' Another Historic Doubt ' — the death-warrant of 
 Charles I. The numbers for July contain his notes on the subject ; 
 these were afterwards reprinted, and rapidly passed through two 
 editions. They were dedicated to one dear to him as a brother — 
 " To the memory of that model of a Christian gentleman and accom- 
 plished scholar, my forty years' friend, John Bruce." 
 Banquet to Then came his farewell to ' N. & Q.,' and only four weeks after 
 
 Thorns. jjjg ' Parting Note ' a banquet was given in his honour. On the 
 1st of November such an assemblage as is rarely witnessed met at 
 Willis's Rooms. The chairman was Earl Stanhope ; Lord Lyttelton 
 occupied the vice-chair ; and the company included, among other 
 equally well-known names, the Earl of Verulam, Sir Frederick 
 Pollock, Sir Charles W. Dilke, Sir Edward Smirke, Prof. Owen, 
 Mr. Joseph Durham, R.A., Mr. Shirley Brooks, Mr. John Murray, 
 and my father. 
 Earl Stanhope A report of the proceedings is printed on the 9th of November, 
 
 presides!. jj^rl Stanhope in the course of his speech said that 
 
 " it was as Editor of Notes and Qtieries from its foundation that they 
 were now met to do him [Mr. Thorns] honour. The distinguishing merit 
 of that periodical was that it did not pursue its inquiries into any one 
 branch of knowledge, but invited co-operation from labourers in different 
 fields of knowledge in the elucidation of difficulties." 
 
 Among other speakers were Mr. Benjamin Moran, United States 
 Charge d'Affaires, who bore testimony to the appreciation in 
 America of Mr. Thoms's labours ; Prof. Owen, who thanked Mr. 
 Thoms in the name of men of science whose researches he had 
 assisted in the pages of ' N. & Q.' ; and Sir Frederick Pollock. Mr. 
 Thoms in the course of his reply said that " during aU the time he 
 had conducted Notes and Queries he never had so difficult a query 
 proposed as that which occurred to him to-night, ' What have I 
 done to deserve this great honour 1 ' " Among the many letters 
 from friends who wrote to congratulate him upon the success of 
 the evening there was none more valued than that he received from 
 his successor in the conduct of ' N. & Q.' Dr. Doran -wrote : — 
 
 " Very sincerely do I congratulate you on the way in which you got 
 through your trying position on Friday night. All around me felt 
 for you while you were speaking, and admired how manfully your 
 courage carried you over yovir emotion. A better speech could not have 
 been made on such an occasion, and more hearty sympathy for the 
 speaker could not have been shown, not merely by the loud applause, 
 but by the quiet friendly and affectionate conmients and phrases 
 interchanged among neighbour-guests while you were doing battle with 
 your feelings, and yet preserving your self-possession and your cha- 
 racteristic humour. It was a night to be remembered." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 53 
 
 Mr. Merton A. 
 Thorns. 
 
 With this celebration Mr. Thoms's pubUc life may be said to 
 have closed. The next thirteen years were passed for the most 
 part quietly in the sanctuary of home, surrounded by those he loved, 
 until the end came, in the old home endeared to him by so many 
 memories. His life had been so long that few of his earher friends 
 had been spared to foUow him to the cemetery at Brompton. My 
 companion on that occasion was one of his oldest friends and con- 
 tributors, Mr. Hyde Clarke, since passed to his rest. The Athenmum Hyde Clarke 
 of the 14th of October, 1899, announced the death of another of his 
 old friends. Col. Francis Grant. Mr. Thoms's Ubrary of some fifteen 
 thousand volumes, which included a large collection of works on 
 Pope and Junius, was sold by Messrs. Sotheby in February, 1887. 
 
 In this Uttle record of Mr. Thoms's life I have been aided by his 
 eldest son, Mr. Merton A. Thorns, whom I have been trying to 
 persuade to give us a volume about his father, to include some of 
 the rich stores of correspondence now in his possession. 
 
 With the death of Mr. Thoms my sketch of Notes and Queries 
 is brought to a close. Only those well acquainted with its pages 
 can realize the pleasure I have enjoyed in reviving so many 
 memories. ' N. & Q.' has been to me a household word for nearly the 
 whole of its existence, and the writing of this history has indeed been 
 a labour of love. It is only by turning over the volumes, as I 
 have done, that one can form any idea of the great storehouses they 
 constitute. The references under Shakespeare alone exceed three 
 thousand four hundred ; the ' Proverbs and Phrases ' number two 
 thousand five hundred ; the ' Quotations ' four thousand ; the 
 ' List of Anonymous Works ' is considerably over three thousand ; 
 the various Folk-lore charms, superstitions, and customs amount 
 to eighteen hundred. There are sixteen hundred remarkable 
 epitaphs, and over four hundred epigrams. Bibhography, heraldry- 
 Bible literature, are prominently treated. Much special informa- 
 tion is provided respecting America, its early history, customs, and 
 laws, as well as relating to France and other nations. There are 
 also many details relating to the lives of Nelson, Wellington, 
 Napoleon, and others, not to be foimd elsewhere. During my search 
 I have observed how helpful ' N. & Q.' must be to the historian and 
 the biographer. I will give just one instance of this. 
 
 On the 8th of January, 1870, Mr. F. Gledstanes-Waugh inquired 
 for particulars about Ebenezer Jones, the Chartist, who had pub- 
 lished a volume in 1843, entitled ' Studies of Sensation and Event.' 
 This brought a reply (which appeared on the 5th of February) 
 from Dante G. Rossetti, who stated that 
 
 "this remarkable poet affords nearly the most striking instance of Dante Gabriel 
 
 neglected genius in our modern school of poetry. This is a more Rossetti on 
 important fact about him than his being a Chartist, which however he Ebenezer 
 was, at any rate for a time. I met him only once in my life, I believe q™® j- ^ 
 
54 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Gabriel 
 Rossetti. 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 H. Thornton 
 contributes a 
 
 list of 
 deceased con- 
 tributors and 
 ' A Jubilee 
 Greeting.' 
 
 in 1848, at which time he was about thirty, and would hardly talk 
 on any other subject but Chartism. His poems (the ' Studies of Sensa- 
 tion and Event ' ) had been published some five years before my meeting 
 him, and are full of vivid, disorderly power. I was little more than a 
 lad at the time I first chanced on them, but they struck me greatly, 
 though I was not blind to their glaring defects and even to the ludicrous 
 side of their wilful ' newness ' ; attempting, as they do, to deal reck- 
 lessly with those almost inaccessible combinations in natm-e and feeling 
 which only intense and oft-renewed eilort may perhaps at last approach. 
 For all this, these ' Studies ' should be, and one day will be, disinterred 
 from the heaps of verse deservedly buried. Some years after meetiag 
 Jones, I was much pleased to hear the great poet Robert Browning 
 speak in warm terms of the merit of his work ; and I have understood 
 that Monckton Milnes (Lord Houghton) admired the ' Studies ' and 
 interested himseK on their author's behalf." 
 
 Notes and Queries contains frequent references to the Rossettis, 
 as Dante Rossetti was a contributor as well as his brother William, 
 from whom we stiU have occasional communications. The 
 two following notes will be read with interest. On November 
 24th, 1866, Lord Howden refers to having had the honour of being 
 taught Italian by Mr. Gabriel Rossetti at Malta forty years ago ; 
 and Mr. William Rossetti, on the 15th of December, says that his 
 father escaped to Malta by the friendly aid of Admiral Sir Graham 
 Moore. Mr. Rossetti in his reply quotes the first lino " from the 
 most famous, perhaps, of all " his father's " national lyrics, com- 
 posed for the day when the Constitution was proclaimed " by 
 " the faithless Ferdinand I. in 1820 ":— 
 
 Sei pur bella con gU astri sul crine. 
 I will conclude with the wish expressed by our founder. Long 
 may his offspring occupy the position it so worthily fiUs, and long 
 may the contributors to " dear old ' N. & Q.' " join in the greeting 
 Floreat ! Floreat ! Floreat ! 
 
 It had been my intention to include obituary notices of our 
 late contributors ; but while I was preparing these, one of those 
 many friendly messages we are constantly receiving from that land 
 dear to us all, America, came, and informed me that Mr. Richard 
 H. Thornton, of Portland, Oregon, was compiling a similar list. This 
 was printed in ' N. & Q.' for November 4th. 
 
 Mr. Thornton also contributed the following ' Jubilee Greeting,' 
 which appeared on the 11th of November. By his kind permission 
 I am able to reprint it : — 
 
 A Jubilee Gheeting. 
 
 Who wrote " Of making many books 
 
 There is no end " ? To us it looks 
 
 As though he grappled truth with hooks. 
 The feeble flesh much study wearies. 
 
 None know it better than the men 
 
 Of quite encyclopaedic ken, ' 
 
 Whose hands have held the ready pen 
 
 Through fifty years of Notes and Queries. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 56 
 
 King Solomon ! In days long past 
 Were you that rare Ecclesiast 
 Whose watchful eye was daily cast 
 
 On scenes of sainting and of sinning ? 
 Great preacher-monarch 1 O had you. 
 With largely comprehensive view, 
 Inaugurated ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Three thousand years ere our beginning ! 
 
 You could have said where Tarshish stood, 
 And how Kiag Hiram sawed his wood 
 (He sent you timber that was good). 
 
 And whether Homer was a person. 
 (The question oft engenders doubt 
 Among our literary rout, 
 When would-be critics make him out 
 
 The product of some Greek Maopherson. ) 
 
 You could have told us in a trice 
 What cook (before the Age of Ice ?) 
 Composed that very grave advice 
 
 To catch one's hare, and then to stuff it. 
 You knew the chaUis and marls and clays : 
 Your plant-lore far exceeded Ray's : 
 You saw the spider's works and ways 
 
 Long, long before she scared Miss Muffet. 
 
 You might have added who the first. 
 When floods upon his shallop burst, 
 And winds and seas were at their worst. 
 
 Poured oil upon the troubled waters ; 
 And all the tale of Troy divine. 
 The ins and outs of Pelops' line, 
 The threads of Babel's vast design, 
 
 The histories of Nimrod's daughters. 
 
 But we, " the lastest seed of Time," 
 Attempting much in prose or rime. 
 With energy almost sublime. 
 
 Some from the camp, and some from college, 
 Ranging from Beersheba to Dan, 
 Accumulate, as best we can, 
 Line upon line, and man by man. 
 
 An armoury of scraps of knowledge. 
 
 Here Thorns, with steady heart and will. 
 Most critical, but kindly still, 
 Wielded the editorial quill. 
 
 And Dor an, full of curious learning. 
 Here notes from Cuthbert Bede we see. 
 And conaments by astute Jaydee, 
 By Hermentrude, by H. B. C. — 
 
 For these, and more, is no returning 1 
 
66 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 When scholars die, forget they all 
 They learned on this terrestrial ball ? 
 Do epics into nothing fall ? 
 
 Does naught remain of lines and scansions 7 
 Not BO. The seer in Patmos took 
 From angel-hands a little book ; 
 And we, who read, perhaps may look 
 
 For volumes in the many mansions." 
 
 To this greeting many others were added — poems from " St. 
 Swithin " and " Killigrew," and a note from W. C. B., in which he 
 speaks of ' N. & Q.' as a " treasure-house which, though ransacked 
 every week, is never diminished. . . .Ships sailing over many seas 
 are ever bringing fresh cargoes of rich goods from many lands to 
 replenish this literary storehouse. Each contributor adds a pebble 
 to this ever-heightening monumental cairn." 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE COWPER CENTENARY. 
 (April 25th, 1900.) 
 
 The celebration at Olney of the hundredth anniversary of the 
 poet's death promises to commend itself to all lovers of Cowper. 
 Mr. W. H. ColHngridge, who was born in the Cowper house, and has 
 presented it to the town, purposes further to commemorate the 
 Centenary by founding a museum of Cowper relics, to be placed in 
 the famous parlour and Cowper's hall, the room to be used as a 
 pubhc library. Mr. CoUingridge has for years been diligently 
 collecting, and the result of his labours is to form what he modestly 
 terms " a nucleus " for a Cowper and Newton Museum. The MSS. 
 include a few of Cowper's and John Newton's, and the diary kept 
 by Samuel Teedon. This extends from October, 1791, to February, 
 1794, and contains many references to the poet and to Mrs. Unwin. 
 The celebration is to be marked by an address from Mr. Clement 
 Shorter, who is at work on a life of Cowper ; the Dean of Canterbury 
 is to preach ; and the children of Olney, wearing favours of bu£E 
 and green (Cowper's colours), are to take part in the general pro- 
 ceedmgs, at the close of which each child wiU receive a copy of the 
 biography of Cowper kindly presented by the ReUgious Tract 
 Society. It is also suggested that on the previous Sunday Cowper's 
 hjonns should be sung in aU churches and chapels. It is proposed 
 that a Cowper Society should be formed. My friend Mr. CoUing- 
 ridge considers it strange that Olney is stiU almost as little known 
 to the inhabitants of London as it was in John Newton's time, and 
 begs admirers of Cowper to take the short journey of sixty miles, 
 when they wiU find the house in which the poet wrote ' The Task,' 
 the ' Obiey Hymns,' and ' John Gilpin ' ; the tiny summer-house, 
 "not much bigger than a sedan chair" ; and the old church, dating 
 back to the fourteenth century, where Newton laboured for sixteen 
 years before he was appointed to St. Mary Woohioth. It will be 
 remembered that his remains and those of his wife, on their removal 
 from the vaults of St. Mary Woohioth on the 24th of January, 1893, 
 were reinterred at Olney. Weston Lodge, only a mile distant, 
 where Cowper hved for ten years, should also be included in the 
 visit. It is situated in the midst of beautiful scenery. Upon the 
 
 1900,April21. 
 
 The Cowper 
 Centenary. 
 
 W. H. 
 
 CoUingridge. 
 
 Clement 
 Shorter. 
 
58 
 
 iSrOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Contributions 
 
 on Cowper in 
 
 Notes and 
 
 Queries. 
 
 Canon Ben- 
 
 bam's Memoir 
 
 in Globe 
 
 edition. 
 
 The 
 
 Athenainm 
 
 review o£ 
 
 Wright's 
 
 book. 
 
 Cowper's 
 
 sensitive 
 
 temperament. 
 
 shutter in the bedroom occupied by Cowper may still be seen faintly 
 pencilled : — 
 
 Farevi'ell, dear scene, for ever closed to me ; 
 
 Oh 1 for what sorrows must I now exchange you ? 
 
 I have taken advantage of the Olney celebration to make a 
 selection from the contributions on Cowper in Notes avd Queries, 
 which I hope may prove acceptable. The memoir in the ' Dic- 
 tionary of National Biography ' contains many references to Notes 
 and Queries and a complete bibhography. This includes the Aldine 
 edition, edited by John Bruce, who, before pubhshing, sought the 
 assistance of our pages. Mention is also made of the memoir by 
 that old friend of Notes and Queries, the Rev. Canon Benham, 
 prefixed to the Globe edition. This, up to the time the article 
 was \vritten in 1887, included all the latest information. In 1892 
 appeared Thomas Wright's ' Life of Cowper,' which contained 
 several new and important facts. 
 
 The AthencBum in its review of Mr. Wright's book on the 3rd 
 of November, 1892, states that " Cowper's secret, as it has been 
 called, has not been elucidated so clearly as Mr. Wright may 
 imagine. Many who have read about Cowper, and all who have 
 intently followed his career, have been somewhat puzzled with 
 regard to the delusion which marred and embittered it." Prof. 
 Gold-\vLn Smith in his monograph on Cowper in the " English Men 
 of Letters " considers the truth as to Cowper's malady to be that 
 " it was simple hypochondria, having its source in dehcacy of 
 constitution and weakness of digestion, combined with the influence 
 of melancholy surroundings." 
 
 Looking carefully through all the information we now possess, 
 it would seem to be a matter of deep thankfulness that the memory 
 of the poet of the Christian revival is not clouded by a catastrophe. 
 A child of highly sensitive temperament, Cowper was, at the early 
 age of six — just after the death of his devoted mother, when he 
 lost that 
 
 Constant flow of love that knew no fall — 
 
 sent to a large boarding school of older and rougher boys, where, 
 although he experienced most cruel treatment, he was allowed to 
 remain two years, and was only removed on account of a serious 
 inflammation in the eyes. At the age of ten he was entered to 
 Westminster, where, according to his own forcible expression, 
 " he dared not raise his eye above the shoe-buckle of the elder 
 boys." When the boy was only eleven bis father gave him a treatise 
 in favour of suicide, and requested him to pronounce his opinion 
 upon it. Canon Benham well remarks on tins, " It does not seem 
 a high proof of parental wisdom." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 59 
 
 Although Cowper had constantly suffered from depression 
 of spirits and had had melancholy fits at school, the first serious 
 outburst of madness was not until his thirty-second year, when 
 on his appointment to be Clerk of the Journals, finding that he would 
 have to appear at the Bar of the House of Lords, he attempted 
 suicide rather than face the ordeal, and wrote, " They whose 
 spirits are formed hke mine, to whom a pubUc exhibition is mental 
 poison, may have some idea of th-s horrors of my situation — others 
 can have none." 
 
 It was at this time that he wrote those terrible lines : — 
 Hatred and vengeance — my eternal portion — 
 Scarce can endure delay of execution, — 
 Wait with impatient readiness to seize my 
 
 Soul in a moment. 
 Damned below Judas ; more abhorred than he was. 
 Who for a few pence sold his holy Master ! 
 Twice-betrayed Jesus me, the last delinquent, 
 
 Deems the profanest. 
 
 John Cowper, his brother, and Martin Madan, his cousin, 
 a strong Calvinist, vainly endeavoured to comfort him, and on 
 the 7th of December, 1763, it became necessary to place him in 
 an asylum at St. Albans, under Dr. Nathaniel Cotton, whose land 
 and judicious treatment had a most beneficial effect. In the follow- 
 ing July, while reading the third chapter of St. Paul's Epistle 
 to the Romans, the words of the twenty-fifth verse riveted his 
 attention : " W^hom God hath set forth to be a propitiation 
 through faith in His blood, to declare His righteousness for the 
 remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God ; 
 to declare, I say, at this time His righteousness : that He might 
 be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus." 
 " In a moment," says Cowper, " I beheved and received the 
 gospel," and his joy was so great that his physician feared lest 
 it might terminate in a fatal frenzy. 
 
 The influence of John Newton upon Cowper dates from the 
 14th of October, 1767, when the poet -and Mrs. Unwin went to 
 Olney and occupied the house taken for them by Newton. Many 
 have considered that Newton's influence had an ill effect on Cowper ; 
 but I think that careful investigators wiU fuid it to have been the 
 reverse, and Cowper's more active life as an unwearied assistant 
 to his friend must have been a beneficial change from the way he had 
 passed his days at Huntingdon, as described in the following letter : — 
 
 " We breakfast commonly between eight and nine ; till eleven 
 we read either the Scripture or the sermons of some faithful preacher of 
 those holy mysteries ; at eleven we attend divine service, which is 
 
 performed here twice every day After dinner to the garden, where, 
 
 with Mrs. Unwin and her son, I have generally the pleasme of religious 
 conversation till teatune. If it rains, or is too windy for walking, we 
 
 His 
 depression. 
 
 His terrible 
 lines. 
 
 His brother 
 John. 
 
 John New- 
 ton's influence 
 beneficial. 
 
60 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Happy years 
 at Olney. 
 
 The ' Olney 
 Hymns,' 
 
 Paroxysms of 
 
 religions 
 despondency. 
 
 Letter to 
 Newton. 
 
 Jay of Bath 
 
 on Newton's 
 
 influence. 
 
 either converse within doors, or sing some hymns of Martin's collection, 
 and, by the help of Mrs. Unwin's harpsichord, make up a tolerable 
 concert. . . .At night we read and converse as before, till supper, and 
 commonly finish the evening either with hymns or a sermon ; and, last 
 of all, the family are called to prayers." — Letter to his cousin Mrs. 
 Cowper, dated Huntingdon, Oct. 20, 1766. ' The Works of Cowper,' 
 edited by the Rev. T. S. Grimshawe, vol. i. p. 82. 
 
 The first years at Olney were among the happiest and most 
 peaceful of Cowper's life, and his friendship with Newton was a 
 
 True blies. . . . 
 
 Of hearts in union mutually disclos'd. 
 
 Newton, desirous of a monument to perpetuate the remem- 
 brance of this intimate and endearing friendship, suggested the 
 joint composition, in 1771, of the ' Olney Hymns.' The morbid 
 depression of the poet prevented the fulfilment of his share of the 
 engagement, and of the 348 but 68 are by Cowper. Of these 
 only the five following have found general favour : " Oh ! for a 
 closer walk with God," " Hark, my soul ! it is the Lord," " Jesus, 
 where'er Thy people meet," " Sometimes a light surprises," and 
 " God moves in a mysterious way." The whole of the hymjis, 
 however, are fuU of interest to a student of Cowper, as they reveal, 
 quite as much as do his letters, the inner workings of his mind. 
 
 In 1773 Cowper's terrible malady returned ; he was at the 
 time engaged to Mrs. Unwin, but the marriage had to be broken 
 off. The paroxysms of religious despondency became most severe. 
 He believed that it was the wiU of God that he should, after the 
 example of Abraham, perform an expensive act of obedience, 
 and offer not a son, but himself. Mrs. Unwin and Newton did 
 all that affection could do, but it was by very slow degrees that he 
 recovered from his deep dejection. Newton's influence would, 
 undoubtedly, be for the best ; but Cowper was not one to be easily 
 led, and his correspondence with Ms friend shows that he would 
 take his own course, and abide by his o^\ti views. In a letter to 
 John Newton, dated August 21, 1781, he writes : — ■ 
 
 " Here lies the difference between you and me. My thoughts are 
 clad in a sober hvery, for the most part as grave as that of a bishop's 
 servants. They turn, too, upon spiritual subjects, but the tallest 
 fellow and the loudest amongst them all is he who is continually crying 
 with a loud voice, ' Actum est de te, periisti.' " 
 
 The fact is that Newton's thoughts were not " clad in a sober 
 hvery." There was nothing about him dull, or gloomy, or puri- 
 tanical according to the common meaning of the term ; he was 
 full of good nature, much pleasantry, and humour ; his Calvinism 
 was moderate ; he would say that he " used it in his writings," but 
 in his preachmg he " would mix and dilute it." The Rev. William 
 Jay of Bath, who had a great affection for him, remarked in 
 reference to his intimate connexion \\dth Cowper : — 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 61 
 
 " Some have thought the divine was hurtful to the poet. How 
 mistaken were they ! He was the very man, of all others, I should 
 have chosen for him. He was not rigid in his creed. His views of 
 the Gospel were most free and encouraging. He had the tenderest 
 disposition ; and always regarded his friend's depression and despond- 
 ency as a physical effect, for the removal of which he prayed, but never 
 reasoned or argued with him ooncerniag it."* 
 
 Cowper was, no doubt, a Calvinist long before he became 
 acquainted with Newton ; it is highly probable that the first seeds 
 of his depressing belief were sown by his cousin Martin Madan, 
 whose Calvinism was very strict and altogether of a different type 
 from that of Newton. 
 
 Cowper's return to health was but slow, and it was only by 
 degrees that he recovered from his deep dejection ; his three tame 
 hares, Mrs. Unwin, and Newton were for long his sole companions. 
 When Newton left Olney in 1780 he induced Cowper to see a stranger, 
 and introduced the Rev. W. BuU to him, who became a useful 
 friend, walking over once a fortnight from Newport PagneU in order 
 to cheer the invalid ; but on the 12th of July, 1780, Cowper writes 
 to Ne^iton : — 
 
 " Such nights as I frequently spend are but a miserable prelude 
 to the succeeding day, and indispose me above all things to the business 
 of writing, yet with a pen in my hand, if I am able to write at all, I find 
 myself gradually relieved. . . .Things seem to be as they were, and I 
 almost forget that they never can be so again." 
 
 At the close of the year, however, he wrote ' The Progress of Error,' 
 'Truth,' 'Table-Talk,' and 'Expostulation.' On the 21st of 
 November, 1784, he commenced the translation of Homer, and 
 completed it on the 25th of August, 1790. ' The Task ' was pub- 
 lished in the meanwhile (1785). He writes to Newton on the 
 5th of August, 1786 :— 
 
 " The dealings of God with me are to myself utterly unintelligible. 
 I have never met either in books or in conversation with an experience 
 at all similar to my own." 
 
 Then he refers -vvith the warmest gratitude to Mrs. Unwin and Lady His gratitude 
 Hesketh, and their kindness to him in his distress. In 1787 he to Mrs. Unwin 
 had an attack of insanity, lasting six months, and for some time gggw'lf 
 previously there had been great depression. 
 
 In 1794 he had a bad relapse, refusing all food. Hayley 
 visited him, but he showed no satisfaction at his presence. Lord 
 Thurlow, who had neglected his old schoolfellow until now, 
 requested Dr. Willis to go to Weston to see him, and a few days 
 afterwards a letter from Lord Spencer announced a pension of 
 300Z. per annum ; but it came too late to cheer the poet, and it 
 had to be made payable to Mr. Rose as trustee. On the 17th of 
 
 * ' The Autobiography of the Rev. William Jay,' edited by George 
 Bedford, D.D., LL.D., and John Angell James, p. 278, 
 
62 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of December, 1796, Mrs. Unwin died, and in the dusk of the evening 
 Mrs. Unwin. Cowper, attended by Dr. Johnson, took his farewell look at the 
 face so dear to him. " After looking at it a few moments, he 
 started suddenly away, with a vehement but unfinished sentence 
 of passionate sorrow. He spoke of her no more." In order that 
 Cowper should be kept in ignorance as to the funeral, it took place 
 by torchhght. She was buried in the north aisle of Dereham 
 Church on the 23rd of December. 
 
 During this time Lady Hesketh, Cowper's dearest " coz," 
 and the elder sister of his beloved Theodora, was his faithful coun- 
 sellor ; her influence on Cowper had always been for good, and her 
 bright, genial disposition had a most beneficial effect ; his numerous 
 letters to her are full of affection. On the 9th of August, 1763, 
 he writes, " So much as I love you, I wonder how it happened that 
 I was never in love with you " ; and on the 22nd of August, 1792, 
 " Though nature designed you only for my cousin, you have had 
 a sister's place for me ever since I knew you." Through the sadness 
 which followed, Lady Hesketh rendered cheerfully aU the help 
 she could, and, when Cowper died without having made a will, 
 fulfUled the office of administratrix, and raised the monument to 
 his memory over his last resting-place. 
 
 Towards the summer of 1797 Cowper's bodily health appeared 
 to improve, and he courageously went on with the revisal of Homer. 
 It is remarkable that one of the distinguishing features in his 
 mysterious malady was that he was able to continue his work, 
 much of which was done in times of depression and increasing 
 nervous excitement. On the 20th of March, 1799, he wrote his 
 last poem, ' The Castaway.' In August he translated it into Latin, 
 and in December he removed to Dereham. In March, 1800, he 
 was visited by Mr. Rose ; his decline became more and more visible, 
 and by the 19th of April the weakness of the sufferer had alarmingly 
 increased. Dr. Johnson said all he could to comfort him, but " the 
 darkness of delusion still veiled his spirit." At five in the morning 
 of Friday, the 25th, he became insensible, and in the afternoon. 
 His death. J^®* before five, he passed away in so mild and gentle a manner 
 that the precise moment was not known ; but as his four faithful 
 friends looked upon the face of the dead, they saw that it was all 
 calmness and composure, mingled, as it were, with holy surprise. 
 He was buried in St. Edmund's Chapel, in the Church of East Dere- 
 ham, on Saturday, the 2nd of May. There he rests until all mys- 
 teries shall be revealed. Meanwhile we, his countrymen, regard him 
 with a personal love far beyond the admiration we have for his 
 genius, for we know that among all England's illustrious dead there 
 is not one who has left us a brighter example of faithfulness to 
 friends, patience and submission under suffering, and eptire self- 
 Sfvcrifice than the poet Cowper, 
 
 Cowper's last 
 poem ' The 
 Castaway.' 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 63 
 
 The first query in reference to Cowper in Notes and Queries is 
 in the number for July 12th, 1851, when C. A. asks why the name 
 is generally pronounced Cooper. On the 26th R. Vincent replies 
 that he can state decidedly that the poet himself pronounced it 
 as it was spelt. On the 23rd of August llr. W. D. Cooper writes 
 that the poet's family was originally of Stroode, in Slinfold, Sussex, 
 not Kent, as stated by Lord Campbell (' Lives of the Chancellors,' 
 vol. iv. p. 258) :— 
 
 " The first person who altered the spelling was John. Cooper of 
 London, father of the first baronet, and he probably adopted the spelling 
 in affectation of the Norman spelling, the family having in those days 
 been styled Le Cupere, Cuper, and Coupre in Norman-French, and 
 Cuparius in Latin, as may be seen by the grants made to Battle Abbey. 
 All the Sussex branches continued the spelling of Cooper until the time 
 of Henry Cowper of Stroode, who died 1706. In Lord Campbell's 
 ' Lives of the Chancellors ' the first letter is signed ' William Cooper.' " 
 
 On the 3rd of July, 1852, H. W. S. T. suggests that the subject 
 should be treated scientifically : — 
 
 " By a reference to the coat-armour of the various families of 
 Cooper, Couper, and Cowper, as gathered from the pages of Burke, 
 it will at once be seen that the same bearings are interchangeably used 
 by all of them,' with only slight variations — the resemblance being 
 sufficiently distinct to mark a common origin. The paternal coat of the 
 ennobled name of Cowper, I would further remark, bears in some of 
 its features a strong affinity with the arms of the ' Coopers' Company ' 
 of London." 
 
 On the 21st of August appears a reply from Earl Cowper 
 in which he says he does not think the question one merely of 
 antiquity, but of philology : — 
 
 " True, it is an old qiiestion, for I find it referred to in a MS. 
 dated 1742, but there both the spelling and pronunciation of Cowper, 
 as different from Cooper, are maintaiaed." 
 
 Earl Cowper adds : — 
 
 " And this is my own opinion. I hold the name to be Scotch, 
 and not English ; it is derived from the verb to cowp, (etymologically) 
 the same as Eng. cheapen, and Germ, haufen, from which come Chapman, 
 Kaufmann, and these are synonymous with Cowper. 
 
 " In accordance with this view we have a tradition that our 
 family is of Scottish origin. 
 
 " As regards the pronunciation, analogy and convenience favour 
 a different one for Cooper, and this is favoured by usage also, so far as 
 those who bear the name are concerned, and they ought to have an 
 opinion in the matter. But doubtless the confusion will continue for 
 the more common and closely similar name of Cooper is sure to dictate 
 to its less frequent neighbour, but not kinsman, Cowper." 
 
 On the 29th of January, 1853, Mr. George Daniel relates that 
 when a boy, durmg his midsummer hohdays of 1799, while on a 
 
 Cowper: why 
 
 pronounced 
 
 Cooper ? 
 
 Earl Cowper's 
 reply. 
 
 George 
 
 Daniel's 
 
 remembrance 
 
 of Cowper, 
 
64 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 William Bates 
 
 on Cowper 
 
 and tobacco. 
 
 visit to the Deverells in Dereham, Norfolk, he was taken to the house 
 of an ancient lady " to pay his respects to her, and to drink tea " : — 
 
 " Two visitors were particularly expected. They soon arrived. 
 The first, if I remember rightly (for my whole attention was singularly 
 riveted to the second), was a pleasant-looking, lively young man — 
 very talkative and entertaining ; his companion was above the middle 
 height, broadly made, but not stout, and advanced in years. His 
 countenance had a peculiar charm, that I could not resist. It alter- 
 nately exhibited a deep sadness, a thoughtful repose, a fearful and an 
 intellectual fire, that surprised and held me captive. His manner was 
 embarrassed and reserved. He spoke but little. Yet once he was 
 roused to animation ; then his voice was full and clear. I have a faint 
 recollection that I saw his face hghted up with a momentary smile. 
 His hostess kindly welcomed him as ' Mr. Cooper.' After tea we 
 walked for a while in the garden. I kept close to his side, and once he 
 addressed me as ' My httle master.' I returned to school ; but that 
 variable, expressive, and interesting countenance I did not forget. In 
 after years, standing, as was my wont, before the shop windows of the 
 London booksellers (I have not quite left off this old habit !), reading 
 the title-pages of tomes that I intensely longed, but had not then the 
 money, to purchase, I recognized at a shop in St. Paul's Churchyard that 
 well-remembered face, prefixed to a volume of poems, ' written by 
 WilHam Cowper, of the Inner Temple, Esq.' The cap (for when I saw 
 ' Mr. Cooper ' he wore a wig, or his hair, for his age, was unusually 
 luxuriant) was the only thing that puzzled me. To make ' assurance 
 doubly sure,' I hastened to the house of a near relation hard by, and I 
 soon learnt that ' Mr. Cooper ' was Wilham Cowper. The welcome 
 present of a few shillings put me in immediate possession of the coveted 
 volumes. I will only just add that I read and re-read them ; that the 
 man whom in my early boyhood I had so mysteriously reverenced, in 
 my youth I deeply and devoutly admired and loved ! Many, many 
 years have since passed away : but that reverence, that admiration, 
 and that love have experienced neither diminution nor change. 
 
 "It was something, said Washington Irving, to have seen even 
 the dust of Shakspeare. It is something too, good Mr. Editor, to have 
 beheld the face and to have heard the voice of Cowper." 
 
 On the 5th of March, 1853, Mr. WiUiam Bates, of Birmingham, 
 contributes a note on ' Cowper and Tobacco Smoking,' and gives 
 a letter of Cowper's which had escaped the research of the Rev. 
 T. S. Grimshawe. The letter had appeared in a little work, entitled 
 " Convivialia et Saltatoria, or a Few Thoughts upon Feasting 
 and Dancing, a poem in two parts, &c., by G. Orchestikos : London, 
 printed for the author, 1800," pp. 62. The author, previous to 
 its being printed, had requested Cowper to write to him a letter 
 to place in the volume. The poet, in lus reply, wrote : — 
 
 " I heartily wish success to your muse miUtant, and that'your 
 reward may be — many a pleasant pipe suppUed by the profits of your 
 Ifibours." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 65 
 
 On the 22nd of October, 1853, Mr. Yeowell, in a note on ' Pope 
 and Cowper,' states : — 
 
 " Prefixed to a copy of Hay ley's ' Life and Letters of William 
 Cowper, Esq.,' in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter 
 from the late Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, itiss Harriet 
 Rose, written in the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, 
 and which, I .believe, has never been printed." 
 
 The letter, which is dated " Weston Lodge, Sept. 9th, 1789," 
 commences : — 
 
 " Last week Mr. Cowper finished the ' Odyssey,' and we drank an 
 unreluctant bmnper to its success .... You will most probably find it 
 at first less pleasing than Pope's versification, owing to the difference 
 subsisting between blank verse and rhyme .... You will find Mr. Pope 
 more refined : Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and majestic ; and, 
 indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr. Cowper, he is 
 more refined than his original, and in the same proportion departs from 
 Homer himself .... Pope possesses the gentle and amiable graces of a 
 Guide ; Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a Raphael. 
 ... .1 hope to refute your second assertion, which was, that women, 
 in the opinion of men, have little to do with literature. I may inform 
 ■ you, that the ' Iliad ' is to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the 
 ' Odyssey ' to the Dowager Lady Spencer." 
 
 On the 6th of May, 1854, Mr. W. P. Storer asks whether the 
 two additional volumes under the title of ' Cowperiana,' promised 
 by Southey in his preface to the last volume of his edition of Cowper, 
 have ever been published. 
 
 J. B. notes on June 21st, 1856, that Bishop Berkeley, in ' Siris,' 
 paragraph 217, forestalls Cowper's well-known reference to tea : — 
 
 "The luminous spirit lodged and detained in the native balsam of 
 pines and firs (the Bishop's pet 'Tar Water') is of a nature so mild 
 and benign, and proportioned to the human constitution, as to warm 
 withoiU heating, to cheer, but not inebriate." 
 
 The revived interest in Southey's edition of Cowper consequent 
 upon Bohn's reprint is the subject of a note on the 8th of August, 
 1857, in which it is mentioned that some thirty years earUer a Phila- 
 delphia bookseller of repute in his day sent forth in compact octavo 
 reprints several of the most popular English writers, including 
 Cowper. Mr. S. R. Maitland, on the 22nd, expresses his satisfaction 
 that Cowper and his works are more highly appreciated in America 
 than in his own country : — 
 
 " It is, indeed, lamentable that the work of biography and editing 
 should have been undertaken or meddled with by men like Hayley 
 and Southey— bookmakers who, whatever pretensions they might 
 have to criticise the poet, were so void of sympathy with the man, 
 that they could not be expected to form a true opinion, or deliver a 
 just view, of his thoughts, language, and circumstances." 
 
 Mr. Yeowell 
 
 on Pope and 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 The cup that 
 
 cheers : 
 
 Cowper 
 
 anticipated. 
 
 Mr. Maitland 
 
 on Cowper's 
 
 works in 
 
 America. 
 
66 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The first edition of Cowper's ' Table-Talk,' published in one 
 octavo volume in 1782, forms the subject of a query by John 
 Bruce on the 1st of January, 1859 ; and on the 22nd, in reply to 
 a query in reference to Newton's preface to Cowper's poems, he 
 states that it was written at Cowper's solicitation. It was dated 
 February, 1782, and was set up immediately afterwards : — 
 
 Newton's " Johnson, the printer and publisher, paid great attention to 
 
 Preface to Cowper's voliime as it was passing through the press, and gave the 
 the Poems, inexperienced author many valuable hints. When in due time Johnson 
 saw Newton's Preface, he instantly took alarm. Although by no 
 means devoid of interest, and calciilated to please Newton's friends, 
 his comments were not of a character to attract that larger body at 
 whom both poet and publisher took aim. Correspondence ensuedbetween 
 Johnson, Cowper, and Newton. The poet left the question of the pub- 
 lication or withdrawal of the Preface wholly in the hands of the pub- 
 lisher and the preface-writer, and the latter instantly consented to its 
 suppression, when the reasonable scruples of the publisher had been 
 explained to him. Some few copies of the Preface were struck off. 
 Newton sent a copy to Hannah More in 1787 ; and it was bound up 
 with some of the donation copies of the volume of 1782. In 1790, when 
 the success of ' The Task ' had established Cowper's poetical reputation, 
 and put an end to Johnson's fear of the possible effect of the with- 
 drawn Preface, Newton solicited that it might be inserted in future 
 editions, so that his name might go down to posterity together with 
 that of his friend. His request was complied with, and from that time 
 it has been printed in almost all the editions of the poet's ' Works.' " 
 
 On the 9th of April, 1859, at the head of ' Minor Queries,' 
 appears the following : — 
 
 Quevedo. " Quevedo. — Cowper writes : — 
 
 Quevedo, as he tells his sober tale. 
 Asked, when in hell, to see the royal jail ; 
 Approved their method in all other things, 
 ' But where, good sir, do you confine your kings 7 ' 
 ' There,' said his guide, ' the group is full in view.' 
 ' Indeed ! ' rephed the Don, ' there are but few ! ' 
 His black interpreter the charge disdained — 
 ' Few, fellow ! — these are all that ever reigned.' 
 
 " The question has been asked before, but never in ' N. & Q.' — 
 what w£is Cowper's authority for attributing this story to Quevedo ? 
 Southey produced a passage from a work of Quevedo, which he thought 
 might have been the original upon which some imitator or licentious 
 translator had exaggerated. The passage does not seem to me to 
 justify Southey's conclusion : but even it it did so, the question remains, 
 whose is the translation or exaggeration in which Cowper found his 
 story, and where, and when, was it published 1 I have looked for it in 
 many places, but in vain. There is so much curious learning among 
 your contributors that probably some of them can erdighten me. 
 
 John Brtjqe," 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 67 
 
 The story of John Gilpin is the subject of the following 
 interesting note by Prof, de Morgan on the 14th of January, 
 
 " ' In a small volume containing a printed book dated 1587, and 
 various manuscripts chiefly written by a clergyman, Christopher Parkes 
 (Yorkshire), with dates from 1655 to 1664, and in another hand 1701, 
 also on the fly-leaf amongst other directions, showing that the volume 
 was in demand, is written, " To be left att Mr. John Gilpin's House att 
 the Golden Anchor iu Cheapside att y« corner of Bread S: London." 
 This was not written after 1701, and may have been written before 
 that date.' 
 
 " ' Cowper's ballad was first printed in 1782, but without the 
 information that it was foiuided upon a story told him by Lady Austen, 
 a widow, who heard it when she was a child. Mr. West writes in 1839, 
 that Mr. Colet told him fifty years ago, say about 1789, or seven years 
 after the publication of the ballad, that one Beyer, then in his dotage, 
 and who did not Uve at the corner of Bread Street, was the true Gilpin. 
 Mr. Colet did not get the true story from Mr. Beyer, which must have 
 differed from the poet's amplified and excusably exaggerated tale. 
 The fact is that Beyer knew nothing about Gilpin tiU he read Cowper's 
 ballad : he was not a train-band captain. The reason why the true 
 Gilpin was not discovered is because nobody looked for him amongst 
 the earlier records of the city and its trade companies. His name was 
 supposed to be fictitious, because he did not live in Cowper's time, and 
 it was not generally known that Lady Austen had told him an old story.' 
 
 " The above has been handed to me by a learned friend, now 
 aged eighty, who tells me that his mother told him the story of John 
 Gilpin, eo nomine, in his chUdhood, and said she had heard it when a 
 child." 
 
 The new " Aldine Cowper," with notes and a memoir by John 
 Bruce, is reviewed on the 9th of September, 1865. The following 
 are given as Mr. Bruce's views on the subject of Cowper's mental 
 alienation : — 
 
 " That Cowper was in the first instance driven mad by over-much 
 rehgion, which at one time was the prevalent beUef, we consider to be 
 certainly a mistake. His madness, it wUl have been seen, was rather 
 occasioned by want of rehgion than by excess of it, and the reception 
 of definite views of Christianity, although it did not work his cure, 
 exercised, on his first recovery, a very beneficial effect upon his health 
 both of body and mind." 
 
 The work is beautifully priated by Messrs. Whittingham of the 
 Chiswick Press. 
 
 The tradition in reference to the hynm " God moves in a 
 mysterious way " is discussed in the numbers for August 18th 
 and 25th, 1866. The Editor, in reply to Cortex and Mr. C. D. 
 Hardcastle, gives the statement made by Mr. Greathead, in a sermon 
 preached by him at Ohiey in May, 1800, " before a congregation, 
 to the great majority of whom Cowper was known, and within a 
 month of the poet's death, that, ' during a solitary walk in the 
 
 E 2 
 
 Prof. De 
 
 Morgan on 
 
 John Gilpin 
 
 The "Aldine 
 
 Cowper,"with 
 
 memoir by 
 
 John Bruce. 
 
 Origin of 
 " God moves 
 
 in a mys- 
 terious way." 
 
68 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Portrait of 
 Cowper's 
 mother. 
 
 Portraits of 
 Cowper. 
 
 Autograph 
 
 letters sold 
 
 at Sotheby's. 
 
 fields,' the poet, being at the time in a particular frame of mind, 
 composed the hymn in question." 
 
 On the 20th of October, 1866, it is stated that there is a design 
 in progress for the erection of a monument to the poet at Berk- 
 hampstead, the place of his nativity, Mr. William Longman being 
 one of the projectors. The Rev. John Pickford in a note on 'Bishop 
 Percy of Dromore,' which appeared on the 13th of February, 1869, 
 inquires whether there is any record of Percy's having been a friend 
 or acquaintance of Cowper. Percy being Vicar of Easton Maudit 
 from 1753 until 1782, he was only five miles from Ohiey, where 
 Cowper went to reside in 1767. 
 
 On October 9th and 30th, 1869, ' Cowper's Mother's Picture ' 
 is the subject of communications. The portrait was exhibited 
 at the South Kensington Portrait Exhibition in 1868, and was 
 described in the catalogue as the property of Mr. W. Bodham 
 Donne. On the 17th of March, 1894, Mr. W. Wright states that 
 the portrait is " in the possession of the Rev. C. E. Donne, the Vicar 
 of Faversham, Kent, who writes me on the 3rd inst. as follows : 
 " Whenever you are at Faversham I shall be pleased to show you 
 the portrait of Cowper's mother. It was painted by Heins.' " 
 This was placed by the side of Romney's portrait of the poet, lent 
 by Mr. H. R. Vaughan Johnson. The National Portrait Gallery 
 contains a portrait described in the Catalogue as " WiUiam Cowper, 
 painted by George Romney." In The Athenceum of the 17th of 
 February, 1900, Mr. W. Roberts, in a long communication, 'Rom- 
 ney's Portrait of Cowper,' states that 
 
 " this so-called Romney Cowper differs in every possible feature from 
 all the indubitably authentic portraits, and it is least of all like the well- 
 known engraved sketch in crayon by Romney. . . .In no one single 
 point does this National Portrait Gallery portrait agree with the genuine 
 Romney drawing in crayons, nor with either of the portraits by other 
 artists." 
 
 The Gallery also contains another portrait of Cowper drawn by 
 W. Harvey after Francis Lemuel Abbott. This was presented 
 December, 1888, by the Rev. W. J. Loftie. 
 
 On the 27th of July, 1872, the Editor, in reply to Mr. S. Bankes, 
 gives, from Mr. Bruce's edition of Cowper, the passage suppressed 
 in the first edition of ' Expostulation.' 
 
 A note is made on the 31st of August, 1872, of an interesting 
 sale of Cowper correspondence, which took place on Wednesday, 
 August 21st, when Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge sold by 
 auction 
 
 " about thirty autograph letters of the poet Cowper, addressed to his 
 friend Mr. Rose of Chancery Lane, between the years 1788 and 1793, 
 when he was busy on his translation of Homer. Many of the letters 
 were full of interesting criticisms on Homer's style, the relative merits 
 of the ' Odyssey ' and the ' Iliad,' and occasional notices of the work 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 69 
 
 of his great rival, Pope. Others referred to George Romney, Johnson, 
 Mrs. Unwin, the Throgmortons, and his dog ' Beau ' ; while others 
 dealt with the more prosaic subject of his publisher, the copjTight 
 question, and some projected reviews of his translation. A few of the 
 lots fell to private purchasers, though many were bought by Messrs. 
 Waller of Fleet Street, realizing prices in some cases as high as 4Z. 4s. 
 One of them, containing a sonnet written by Cowper on behalf of a 
 printer at Leicester, who had got into prison for selling some of Tom 
 Paine' s publications, fetched four guineas and a half. Together with 
 the Cowper letters were sold a quantity of original correspondence of 
 George Selwyn and his contemporaries, Fox, Pitt, Canning, Edmund 
 Burke, Dr. Johnson, Horace Walpole, Lord Erskine, &c., and also an 
 autograph letter of Drake, the great navigator, which was knocked 
 down, after a keen competition, at five guineas." 
 
 ' Yardley Oak ' forms a subject for correspondence in the 
 numbers for December 6th and 13th, 1873. On January 10th, 
 1874, Mr. Edward Solly writes that the most complete account 
 of the ' Yardley Oak ' is to be found in Loudon's ' Arboretum,' 
 vol. ill. p. 1765, 1838, and that there is a large engraving of it in 
 Hayley's ' Cowper,' vol. iii. 1806. 
 
 In response to a query by J. L. P. on May 13th, 1876, about 
 the locality of the ' Yardley Oak,' Cuthbert Bede on the 3rd of June 
 states that it is fixed by Cowper's own letters : — 
 
 " It was at the Northamptonshire Yardley, near to the poet's 
 ' beloved Weston.' In his letter to Mr. Samuel Rose, dated ' Weston, 
 September 11, 1783,' he says: 'Since your departure I have twice 
 visited the oak, and with an intention to push my inquiries a mile 
 beyond it, where it seems I should have found another oak much larger 
 and much more respectable than the former ; but once I was hindered 
 by the rain, and once by the sultriness of the day. This latter oak 
 has been known by the name of Judith many ages, and is said to have 
 been an oak at the time of the Conquest." 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1878, it is stated that at the recent sale 
 of the Hayley collection of autographs, Mr. W. H. CoUingridge 
 (the owner of Cowper's house at Olney) became the purchaser 
 of the ' Yardley Oak,' 10 pp. 4to, in the handwriting of Cowper. 
 It fetched 11^. 
 
 On November 16th, 1878, over the signatures of Charles 
 Johnson and C. A. Ward, references are made to Fuseli, of whom 
 Cowper wrote : " The man is all fire, and an enthusiast in the 
 highest degree on the subject of Homer, and has given me more 
 than once a jog when I have been inclined to nap with the author." 
 
 The question as to the size of the first edition of ' John Gilpin ' 
 is raised on March 15th, 1879, by A, who quotes from Lowndes 
 (Bohn's ed.) : " ' John Gilpin,' a ballad, Lond. Johnson, 1783. 
 First appeared in The Public Advertiser, 1782. Afterwards in 
 24mo." 
 
 "This leaves us somewhat in doubt as to the size of Johnson's 
 edition. Is the 24mo meant or not meant to refer to this first separate 
 
 ' Yardley 
 Oak.' 
 
 Cuthbert 
 
 Bede on its 
 
 locality. 
 
 W.H. CoUing- 
 ridge pur- 
 chases the 
 MS. for \ll. 
 
 Size of first 
 
 edition of 
 
 ' John Gilpin.' 
 
70 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 issue of the ballad ? Could some of your readers kindly supply a 
 transcript of the title-page, size, pagination, and other bibliographical 
 details ? Was the poem first published in a paper wrapper ? I have an 
 early undated chap-book edition, which I suspect copies the text of the 
 first edition, inasmuch as in many small details the ballad has since 
 been recast, and in all instances for the better. The chap-book is 
 entitled ' The Humourous History of John Gilpin, of Cheapside, London, 
 to which is added, the Story of an Elephant. Printed by Howard & 
 Evans, Long Lane, West Smithfield, London,' n.d. 16mo, pp. 24, with 
 rude and very inappropriate cuts. It will be seen from the two sub- 
 joined stanzas, which I have contrasted with the version of the ballad 
 which appears in the ' Poems,' second edition. Lend., Johnson, 1786, 
 2 vols. 8vo, that the ballad has been considerably altered : — 
 
 Chap-booh. 
 The horse, who never had before 
 
 Been handled in this kind, 
 Affrighted fled — And as he flew 
 
 Left all the world behind. 
 
 Poems, second ed., 1786. 
 The horse, who never in that sort 
 
 Had handled been before, 
 What thing upon his back had got 
 Did wonder more and more. 
 And again : — 
 
 Ghxp-book. 
 The youth did ride and soon they met ; 
 
 He tried to stop John's horse 
 By seizing fast the flowing rein ; 
 But only made things worse. 
 
 Poems, second ed., 1786. 
 The youth did ride, and soon did meet 
 
 John coming back amain, 
 Whom in a trice he tried to stop 
 
 By catching at his rein." 
 
 The subject is continued by Lieut.- Col. Fergusson ; and J. 0. 
 writes that he has a neat little volume entitled 
 
 " The Life of J. Gilpin, taken from divers MSS. in possession of 
 the Family. To which is added, by way of Appendix, the celebrated 
 History of the 'Journey to Edmonton,' as read by Mr. Henderson 
 at P. Mason's Hall. Bladon printer, 1785. 
 
 Oxford Street, London, April 14, 1785. 
 
 Certificate. 
 
 I do hereby certify this Publication a true and genuine Account of 
 the Life of my deceased Relation, J. G. Francis Gilpin. 
 
 " Then follows a coarse burlesque biography, ending with the 
 journey, and dedicated to Henderson, third edition, with a frontis- 
 piece, which last has disappeared, but another by the elder Cruik- 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 71 
 
 shank supplied, representing the hero passing the ' Bell.' On the 
 fly-leaf is preserved this cutting : — 
 
 " ' Gilpin's Rig, or the Wedding Day kept : a Droll Story. Read 
 by Mr. H. at F. M. Hall, and Mr. Baddely at Drury Lane Theatre, 
 containing an account of J. G., the Bold Linen Draper of Cheapside ; 
 how he went farther and faster than he intended, and came home safe 
 at last.' 
 
 This called • probably the first edition printed separately.' 
 
 " Another of my Gilpiniana is ' The Facetious Story of J. G., &c.' 
 with a second part containing ' The Disastrous Accidents which befel 
 his Wife on her Return to London,' 12mo, pp. 23, London, Fisher, 1792." 
 
 And on the 17th of May my old friend Mr. Ebsworth mentions J. Woodfall 
 that he has a curiously illustrated ' Second Journey of John Gilpin,' Ebsworth : 
 belonging to a date near the first appearance of Cowper's original, j^^^gy ^f 
 ' John Gilpin ' forms the subject of three long communications joj^ Qiipin.* 
 signed M. P.— May 8th and 22nd, 1880, and June 24th, 1882. 
 
 Mr. T. S. Norgate on the 29th of November, 1879, in reply 
 to a request of Mrs. Champney in the previous August as to Cowper's 
 translation of Homer's ' Iliad ' (in ix. 11. 623-35, and in the Greek 
 11. 498-508), gives the passage with Cowper's note : — 
 
 " Prayers are Jove's daughters, wrinkled, lame, slant-eyed. 
 Which though far distant, yet with constant pace 
 Follow Offence, &c. 
 
 On which his note of comment is : — 
 
 " ' Wrinkled — because the countenance of a man driven to prayer 
 by a consciousness of faith is sorrowful and dejected. Lame — because 
 it is a remedy to which men recur late, and with reluctance. And slant- 
 eyed — either because, in that state of humiliation, they fear to lift 
 their eyes to heaven, or are employed in taking a retrospect of their 
 past misconduct.' " 
 
 The number for the 3rd of January, 1880, contains the first 
 draft of the poem of ' The Eose,' sent by Mr. Fred. Locker, who 
 possessed this first draft in the poet's autograph. Mr. Locker 
 remarks that it is interesting as showing how much Cowper altered """^ Rogg',-^"^ 
 and improved his poems. 
 
 On the 1st of July, 1882, it is denied that the stone to John 
 Gilpin in St. Margaret's Churchyard, Westminster, marks the 
 grave of the hero of Cowper's poem. The writer, who signs himself 
 " An Old Inhabitant," is sorry 
 
 " to disturb an Ulusion so pleasant and so harmless ; but I am the 
 person who imder the order of one of the family of a modern John 
 Gilpin had the original faded inscription re-engraved. 
 The John Gilpin in question was a licensed victualler carrying on 
 business at the " Mitre and Dove," at the corner of Kmg Street, 
 Westminster. 
 
 Mr. Fred. 
 
 Locker 
 
 supplies first 
 
72 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Cowper's seat 
 in Olney 
 Church. 
 
 Memorials of 
 the poet. 
 
 Tablet in 
 Edmonton 
 
 Church 
 
 described by 
 
 Mr. John T. 
 
 Page. 
 
 The eighth volume of the Sixth Series contains notes in reference 
 to the removal of the old pulpit and the gallery which contained 
 Cowper's seat from the Church at Olney. A. J. M. states on the 
 7th of July, 1883, that Cowper's pew used to face the pulpit ; 
 
 " but about eighty years ago some earlier Scott, some mute inglorious 
 Gilbert, removed it, and placed it where it now is, on the south side 
 of the chancel arch. The same ' restorer ' broke up the carved chancel 
 screen with axes and hammers ; but he did not destroy it, he made 
 out of it the sides of a curious low octagon platform, on which he 
 placed the pulpit, and a small lectern, and an armchair for the minister, 
 all which things are about to be carted away. The pulpit is, I believe, 
 the same in which John Newton and other famous divines used to 
 preach. Sir Gilbert's own great-grandfather for one, the man to whom 
 Cardinal Newman has said that he ' owes his own soul.' " 
 
 On the 26th of July, 1890, Mr. Lovell supplies the following 
 ' Memorials of the Poet ' : — 
 
 " In the vestry of the church of St. Peter, Berkhampstead, is a flat 
 stone with the following inscription : — 
 
 Beneath this stone lyes the Body of Catherine Doime who dyed 
 May the xxix. in the year of our Lord md.cc.xxxiii. Aged Lvm. 
 
 Here also lyes interred the Body of Aim Cowper her daughter, 
 and late wife of John Cowper, D.D., Rector of this Parish who dyed 
 November the xiii. md.cc.xxxvii. As also the bodys of Spencer, 
 John, Ann, Theodora, Judith, and Thomeis, the children of the said 
 John and Aim Cowper, who all dyed Infants." 
 
 The first note in the number for May 9th, 1891, is on ' The Rest- 
 ing-Place of Charles and Mary Lamb,' by Mr. John T. Page, and 
 gives the inscriptions placed on the memorial tablet to WiUiam 
 Cowper and Charles Lamb in the church at Edmonton. The 
 monument was erected by Joshua W. Butterworth to commemorate 
 the visit of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society on 
 the 26th of July, 1888. Mr. Page describes the tablet as having 
 " two inscribed white marble panels surrounded by a graceful 
 design in freestone, the arches of which are supported by veined 
 marble pilasters. In the upper portion of each panel is carved 
 a portrait in bas-relief, the one on the right showing the head of 
 Cowper, in his well-known calico cap, while on the left panel the 
 features of Lamb are characteristically depicted." The inscription 
 to Cowper includes three verses from ' John Gilpin.' 
 
 On the 12th of December, 1891, Mr. Thomas Wright states 
 that he is engaged in collecting the correspondence of the poet 
 with a view to publication. " The work is fast approaching com- 
 pletion, and stands before me at the present moment in ten bulky 
 volumes." Mr. Wright states that he has altogether about four 
 hundred letters that are either not in Southey, or of Avhich Southey 
 gives only scraps. In his collection Mr. Wright had the advantage 
 of making use of the material collected by the late Mr. Bruce. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 73 
 
 In the Eighth Series only the following references occur : the 
 story of ' The Castaway,' iii. 107, 153 ; first publication of ' John 
 Gilpin,' 363 ; portrait of Cowper's mother, v. 207 ; and an inquiry 
 concerning a letter from Cowper regarding Newton's comments 
 on a Handelian oratorio. 
 
 Mr. Clement Shorter, in The Sphere of the 15th of August, 
 1908, tells of a recent visit he paid to Olney. The Cowper house 
 and garden are under the care of the father of Mr. Thomas Wright, 
 who edited the standard edition of Cowper's letters: "The 
 garden was a far larger one in Cowper's day, and the summer- 
 house which is so pleasantly associated with his story stands 
 in another garden, but is nevertheless made accessible to 
 visitors. At the end of the garden has now been placed the 
 pew that was occupied by Cowper in Olney Church." Mr. 
 Shorter regrets, as all must, that "the gift of the late Mr. 
 CoUingridge of Cowper's house has not carried with it a sufficient 
 fund for keeping up the place as a perpetual memorial of a great 
 poet. There is at present an endowment of 181. per annum, but 
 2.000Z. is wanted for an adequate endowment." 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE NATIONAL FLAG — VANISHING LONDON — THE NINTH 
 JUBILEE OF GLASGOW UNIVERSITY. 
 
 (June 16th, 1900-J"uiie 22nd, 1901.) 
 
 1900, June 16. 
 
 Freedom of 
 the Press : 
 Correspon- 
 dents who 
 
 suffered 
 
 during the 
 
 war in South 
 
 Africa. 
 
 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS: WAR CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 The following sad list of War Correspondents who have 
 suffered during the war in South Africa appeared in the Daily 
 Express on Wednesday, June 6th, 1900, and I have obtained the 
 cordial permission of Mr. C. Arthur Pearson to place it as a per- 
 manent record in the pages of " his old friend ' N. & Q.' " : — 
 
 Mr. G. W. Steevens, Daily Mail, died of enteric diiring siege of 
 Ladysmith. 
 
 Mr. Alfred Ferrand, Morning Post, killed at Ladysmith. 
 
 Mr. Albert CoUett, Daily Mail, kiUed in action, Molteno. 
 
 Mr. Lambie, Melbourne Age, killed at Rensburg. 
 
 Col. Hoskier, Sphere, killed near Stormberg. 
 
 Mr. Ernest G. Parslow, Daily Chronicle, shot dead by Lieut. 
 Murohison at Mafeking. Murderer, penal servitude for life. 
 
 Mr. MitcheU, Standard, captured, escaped, took enteric fever, 
 and died. 
 
 Mr. W. Spooner, Router's, died of fever. 
 
 Mr. Charles E. Hands, Daily Mail, dangerously wounded, Maritsani 
 (recovering by last news). 
 
 Mr. A. G. Hales, Daily News, wounded and captured. 
 
 Mr. Julian Ralph, Daily Mail, struck by shell fragment at Belmont, 
 and severely injured in accident. 
 
 Mr. F. W. Walker, Daily Mail, wounded at Stormberg. 
 
 Capt. Wright, Daily Mail, injured while despatch riding. 
 
 Lord Delawarr, Globe, wounded at Vryheid. 
 
 Mr. P. J. Reid (son of Sir H. G. Reid), Echo, seriotisly woimded at 
 Kheis. 
 
 Mr. E. F. Ejiight, Morning Post, shot with sporting Mauser bullet 
 at Belmont, right arm amputated. 
 
 Mr. Winston Spencer Churchill, Morning Post, captvired at Chieve- 
 ley, afterwards escaped. 
 
 Lord Cecil Manners, Morning Post, captinred near Johannesburg, 
 and liberated. 
 
Notes by the way. 75 
 
 Mr. Hales, Sydney Morning Herald, captured. 
 • u ^^' ^^°'g^ Lynch, Morning Herald and Echo, captured, released, 
 m hospital with enteric fever, now in England. 
 
 Mr. M. H. Donohoe, Daily Chronicle, captured, probably released 
 on 5th of June. t- t- j 
 
 Mr. A. Graham, Central News, missing since May 21st, supposed 
 captured. 
 
 Mr. A. F. Hellawell, Rev. Adrian Hofmeyr, Lady Sarah Wilson, 
 all Daily Mail, captured. 
 
 Lord Rosslyn, Daily Mail and Sphere, captured. 
 
 Mr. James Milne, Renter's, captured. 
 
 Mr. John Stuart, Morning Post, nearly blind after siege of Lady- 
 smith, recovered, now ill with dysentery. 
 
 Mr. W. Maxwell, Standard, enteric fever during siege of Ladysmith, 
 recovered. 
 
 Mr. Alfred Kinnear, Central News, enteric, invalided home. 
 
 Mr. Jos. S. Dunn, Central News, twice captured, enteric, recovered. 
 
 Mr. W. Martindale, Mr. W. S. Swallow, and Mr. Charles Bray, 
 Central News, enteric, recovered. 
 
 Mr. F. A. Stewart, Illustrated London News, down with dysentery 
 at Durban. 
 
 Mr. W. T. Maud, Daily Graphic, laid up with enteric fever after 
 Ladysmith, and invalided home. 
 
 Mr. Bullen, Daily Telegraph, invalided home. 
 
 Mr. H. W. Nevinson, Daily Chronicle, in hospital with fever, now 
 recovered. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Cameron, Daily Chronicle, enteric, permanently invalided. 
 
 Mr. Brayley Hodgetts, Express, invalided with enteric. 
 
 Mr. Lester Ralph, Mr. H. Lyons, Mr. R. C. E. Nissen, and Mr. L. 
 Oppenheim, Daily Mail, invalided. 
 
 It is of interest to note that the first War Correspondent Henry Crabb 
 was Henry Crabb Robinson, who, when the Spaniards rose against ^'?''i^^ *^^ 
 the French in 1808, was entrusted by the conductors of The Times correspon- 
 with the duty of special correspondent in the Peninsula.* It is dent, 
 to the enterprise of The Daily News that we are largely indebted 
 for the first war correspondence by telegraph instead of by post. 
 This was done at the suggestion of the late Sir John Robinson, Archibald 
 during the Franco-German War, when Archibald Forbes was its Forbes, 
 correspondent. Mr. Fox Bourne, in his book ' English Newspapers,' 
 states that, mainly by the graphic letters which appeared in its 
 columns, the paper rose from 50,000 to 150,000 a day. This 
 correspondence included 'The Diary of a Besieged Resident in 
 Paris,' by Henry Labouchere. In this war The New York Tribune r^^^^^^ 
 had the most expensive telegrams of any paper. These were arranged 
 for by Mr. G. W. Smalley, the New 'York correspondent of The G.W.Smalley 
 Times ; and as there was an alliance between The Daily News and ^^i'}"^^^^ 
 the Tribune providing for the use of each other's telegrams, the 
 readers of the London paper no doubt received much benefit. 
 
 * • Dictionary of National Biography,' xlix. 16. 
 
76 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The Nen Torh 
 Herald, 
 
 The Daily 
 Telegraph and 
 the Zulu War. 
 
 The Soudan 
 tablet in 
 St. Paul's. 
 
 The outlay of The Daily News for war telegrams, exclusive 
 of the remuneration and expenses of the correspondents, amounts 
 to an average of 1,200Z. a month. 
 
 Although the cost to the daily newspapers for correspondence 
 and telegrams during the Boer War must be large, it cannot, of 
 course, compare with that of the American Press during the fight 
 between the North and the South. The Nev) York Herald during 
 the four years the contest lasted employed sixty special corre- 
 spondents. The loss in horses was seventy-eight out of one hundred 
 and twenty- three.* The account of the capture of New Orleans, 
 which occupied three columns, cost alone 260Z., while the entire 
 outlay during the war amounted to 120,000?. 
 
 Most of the newspapers, with the exception of The Times, 
 now give the names of their correspondents. " Y. L.," in The 
 Sphere of June 9th, 1900, states his beUef that the practice was 
 first commenced by The Daily Telegraph in 1879 when it sent out 
 Dr. W. H. Russell to describe the incidents of the Zulu War. "Y. L." 
 well describes our mihtary historians as 
 
 " no longer chroniclers ; they are now literary kinematographers, 
 who, from the distance of 7,000 miles, flash you out a transparency 
 picture of a battle ere yet the mountains at the seat of war have ceased 
 to resound with the roll of invisible musketry and the thunder of 
 eight-mile-range guns." 
 
 No record of special correspondents can be complete without 
 a tribute to those brave men who fell in the Soudan, and to whom 
 a memorial has been fittingly placed in the crypt of our great 
 Cathedral. 
 
 THH NATIONAL FLAG. 
 
 (See 9 S. v. 414, 440, 457, 478; Supplement, June 30th, 1900; 
 
 and vl. 17.) 
 
 1900, July 14. In connexion with this discussion readers of ' N. & Q.' need 
 
 The National scarcely be reminded of the beautiful symbolism of the colours 
 symbolism composing our flag : the blue, baptism by water, the material 
 world, or " great deep " or " ark," or world made manifest, or sea, 
 or Isis, or Venus, or Regina CceH, the world won out of chaos ; the 
 white, illumination, air or light, the third Person of the Trinity; 
 the red, fire, the " Oriflamme," or " Fire of Gold," the national 
 colour of the Welsh. The flag with a white field, advocated by 
 Mr. St. John Hope, would hardly be popular, if he means that it 
 should occupy the position of a National Flag. White is by old 
 tradition regarded as ominous to English Royalty, and De Quincey 
 in his essay on ' Modern Superstition ' makes mention of it in 
 
 * Grant's ' Newspaper Press,' vol. ii. p. 255. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 77 
 
 Cussans on 
 its incoriect 
 blazonment. 
 
 reference to the unfortunate Charles I., who at his coronation 
 wore a robe of white velvet. It is remarkable what mistakes 
 have hitherto been made, not only by private persons, but by 
 Government officials, in depicting the flag. Cussans in his ' Hand- 
 book of Heraldry,' pubUshed by John Camden Hotten in 1869, 
 mentions that in the then existing bronze currency the shield 
 on which Britannia is represented as seated is incorrectly blazoned. 
 The National Ensign is made to appear as a single saltire, sur- 
 mounted by a cross, both fimbriated ; and Mr. Cussans continues, 
 " The same device is sculptured in the marble monument to General 
 Howe in St. Paul's Cathedral." Strange to say, the mistake 
 in the coinage is maintained in that issued during 1899. 
 
 [The Supplement issued with ' N. & Q.' on June 30th contained a 
 coloured illustration of the National Flag. This led the Editor to 
 append the following note to my article of July 14th: — 
 
 As our illustration of the Fla g was drawn to scale from the official Official sizes 
 description, we think it well to giv e the official sizes, taken from ' The of the Flag. 
 Foreign Office List for 1900,' published by Harrison & Sons. They are 
 as follows : — 
 
 For use on shore — 8 breadths, i.e., 12 ft. by 6 ft. 
 
 For use on shore when\ 4 breadths, i.e., 6 ft. by 3 ft. 
 specially ordered /l2 breadths, i.e., 18 ft. by 9 ft. 
 
 For use on boats — 4 breadths, i.e., 6 ft. by 3 ft. 
 
 For use on board ship — 8 breadths, i.e., 12 ft. by 6 ft.] 
 
 The right of British subjects to fly the Union Jack stiU being 1908, June 27. 
 disputed, in order that the question might be finally settled, I wrote 
 to Lord KnoUys, who courteously forwarded my letter to the 
 Home Office, an d I have received the following reply : — ■ 
 
 The Under Secretary of State, 
 Home Office, Whitehall, 19th June, 1908. 
 Sib, — With reference to your letter of the 29th ultimo addressed 
 to Lord KJioUys, I am directed by the Secretary of State to say that he 
 is of opinion that the Union Jack is to be regarded as the National 
 Flag and may be used generally by British subjects on land. 
 I am, sir, your odedient servant, 
 
 E. Blackwell. 
 
 I have in addition to this received intimation, confkming Lord 
 Knollys's former letter on the subject, that the Union Jack may 
 be used by all British subjects, but not, of course, the Royal Standard, 
 which is the personal flag of the Sovereign. 
 
 The following report refers to the proceedings in the House 1908, July 25. 
 of Lords on the 15th of July : — 
 
 " Earl Howe asked the Government, with a view to removing any 
 possible doubt that might exist on the subject, whether it was a fact 
 that the full Union Jack might be flown on land by every citizen in the 
 Empire, as well as on the Goveriunent offices and public buildings. 
 
78 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 " The Earl of Crewe : There has existed in the public mind a 
 curious confusion as to what flags may be flown and what may not be 
 flown. At one time it seemed to be believed that the Royal Standard 
 could be flown anywhere and by anybody. That, however, we now 
 know is not the case. It was formally announced that the Royal 
 Standard is the personal flag of the Sovereign, and cannot be flown 
 without His Majesty's permission, and that is only granted when the 
 Bang and Queen are present. Of course, a very different state of things 
 applies with regard to the Union Jack. I think it may fairly be stated 
 that the Union Jack should be regarded as the National Flag, and it 
 may undoubtedly be flown on land by all His Majesty's subjects." 
 
 1900, Aug. 18. 
 
 Whitgift 
 Hospital, 
 Croydon. 
 
 Daily 
 
 Telegraph 
 
 account of 
 
 quaint 
 
 regulations. 
 
 WHITGIFT HOSPITAL, CROYDON. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph of August 13th, 1900, states that this 
 institution, founded in the reign of Elizabeth by Archbishop Whit- 
 gift, is threatened with demolition. It was established for the 
 maintenance of a warden, schoolmaster, and twenty-eight men 
 and women, or as many more under forty as the revenues would 
 admit. The Daily Telegraph, in an interesting account of the 
 quaint regulations by which it was originally governed, mentions : — 
 
 " ' Iff anie glasse windowe be broken, or other decaye, by wyllful- 
 ness or necgligence, be made in private roome of the hospitaU, the same, 
 upon wareninge given by the wardeine, shal be amendid within one 
 monethe by him or her, and at his or her charges whome the roome 
 is, uppon payne to loose foure pence for every weeke after tell yt be 
 mendid.' Among the interesting reUcs preserved, in addition to one 
 or two stained-glass medallions, are a black-letter folio Bible, dated 
 1599, the year in which the building was completed ; a portrait of a 
 lady, dated 1616, supposed to be one of the Archbishop's daughters ; 
 two framed elegiac inscriptions in Latin and English, eulogizing the 
 foimder ; the original letters patent, embellished with a portrait of 
 Elizabeth on vellum ; and the deed of foundation. The late Duke 
 of Saxe-Coburg was entertained at luncheon in the Great Hall after 
 opening the new wing of the Croydon General Hospital in 1883." 
 
 1900, Sept. 22. 
 
 Vanishing 
 
 London : 
 
 Bream's 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Fetter Lane 
 
 "Fewter 
 
 Lane." 
 
 VANISHING LONDON. 
 
 No part of London has been richer in interesting landmarks 
 than the neighbourhood of Bream's Buildings. Most of these 
 have now been removed. Indeed, the only one likely to remain 
 is the old gateway to Lincoln's Inn. This, although long threatened, 
 still survives. 
 
 Fetter Lane, or " Fewter Lane," was so called from " fewters " 
 or idle persons. Here once resided Hobbes of Malmesbury ; Sir 
 Thomas Wentworth (Strafford) writes from it on March 26th, 
 1621 ; John Bagford the antiquary was born here in 1675 ; Tom 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 79 
 
 Paine lived at No. 77 ; and ten or twelve years ago one of the houses 
 bore the inscription, "Here liv'd Dryden, y" poet, bom 1631, 
 died 1700." J- . J' i" . 
 
 The first great change to be made was in 1851, when the 
 building of the new Record Office was commenced on the Rolls 
 estate, to which the public records have been removed, and where 
 they are easy of access. This important work was largely brought 
 about by the Prince Consort, Lord Langdale, Sir Henry Cole, 
 and the strong advocacy of The Athenmum, whose contributors 
 had found great difficulty in making historical researches among 
 the State Papers at Carlton Ride. Lord Langdale was the first 
 to commence the consolidation of the several offices by placing 
 as many records as it would hold in the Riding School of Carlton 
 House. Mr. (afterwards Sir) Henry Cole was placed in charge 
 of the building on the 25th of November, 1841. Lord Langdale 
 strongly opposed the proposal to place the records in the Victoria 
 Tower, then about to be built, and in a letter to the Treasury 
 on the 4th of October, 1842, urged that the best and most convenient 
 site for the Record Office would be on the Rolls estate. It was, 
 however, not until the 8th of February, 1850, that his final appeal 
 was successful. He was not spared to see the great work accom- 
 plished for which he had fought so earnestly. He died on the 
 18th of April, 1851, and was buried in the Temple Church. The 
 first stone of the new building was laid by Sir John RomiUy on the 
 24th of May following. 
 
 In order that the new building in Fetter Lane should be tho- 
 roughly fireproof, Mr. Cole, and Mr. Pennethorne the architect, 
 consulted with Braidwood of the Fire Brigade, and we have as the 
 result a stone building, fireproof, full of windows, and as strongly 
 built as a fortress. Mr. Cole enthusiastically describes it as 
 '' the repository of the Public Records of the nation in vmbroken series 
 datiag from the Norman Conquest eight centuries ago. It is wonderful 
 for a completeness in Europe, or even perhaps in the world, which is 
 due to our insular position, and to English conservative instiacts. 
 These records tell an indisputable tale of English events, life, manners, 
 justice, and property, to be preserved as long as England lasts."* 
 
 Sir Henry Cole's connexion with the Pubhc Records dates 
 from 1832, when he had charge of the Court of Augmentations 
 
 a Court which Henry VIII. had established to look after the 
 
 " augmentation" of his revenues arising from the dissolution of 
 the monasteries. At the time of the fire which burnt down the 
 Houses of Parhament on the 16th of October, 1834, the office, 
 which adjoined the Houses, was threatened, and Cole, assisted 
 by the Guards and policemen, removed the whole of the documents 
 into St. Martin's Church. 
 
 * ' Fifty Years of Public Work of Sir Henry Cole, C.B.,' vol. i, p. ^32 
 (George Bell & Sons). 
 
 Record Office 
 
 the Prince 
 
 Consort. 
 
 Henry Cole 
 
 placed 
 in charge. 
 
 He and 
 Pennethorne 
 
 consult 
 Braidwood. 
 
 Assists in 
 
 removing 
 
 documents at 
 
 burningof the 
 
 Houses of 
 
 Parliament. 
 
80 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Bolls Chapel 
 pulled down. 
 
 Maxwell- 
 
 Lyte's history 
 
 of it. 
 
 This narrow escape of the records caused him to be anxious 
 as to fire all through his life, and during his last years at the South 
 Kensington Museum he would frequently go over the building 
 after it was closed, to be sure that the treasures it contained were 
 quite safe. 
 
 In 1896 the Rolls Chapel was pulled down. It had been pro- 
 posed to incorporate it in the new block of the Record Office, 
 removing only the roof, which, being of wood, could not be per- 
 mitted to remain part of a building which was intended to be fire- 
 proof ; but the scheme had to be abandoned on account of the 
 rotten state of the walls. Sir H. C. Maxwell-Lyte, the Deputy- 
 Keeper of the Records, gives the following interesting history of the 
 chapel : — 
 
 " It was originally the Chapel of the House of Converts founded 
 by Henry III., for the reception of Jews who had embraced the Christian 
 faith. The keepers of the House of Converts came also to be the keepers 
 of the Rolls of Chancery, and the Chapel of the House of Converts 
 came to be known popularly as the Rolls Chapel. There was a Master 
 of the Rolls with the name of Sir Julius Caesar, who here in 1815 married 
 Mrs. Hungate. The bride was given away by her uncle. Sir Francis 
 Bacon. It is popular error, propagated by Pennant's account of London, 
 that Inigo Jones rebuilt the chapel in 1617. There is no evidence to 
 connect Inigo Jones with the Rolls Chapel, and he was not the ruthless 
 restorer and reconstructor of that building in the seventeenth century. 
 It is supposed to have been injured by the Great Fire of London. 
 The RoUs Chapel was used, not only for Divine worship and for the 
 preservation of the records of Chancery, but also as a meeting-place 
 for creditors and debtors, and more recently as the place at which 
 mortgagees waited for an hour before foreclosure. The attendance 
 in the chapel dwindled down to about five as a maximum, and sometimes 
 to two or even one, before the services finally ceased in 1895." 
 
 But it is within the last ten years that the greatest changes 
 round Bream's Buildings have been made, to the considerable 
 benefit of the owners of the freehold, the Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners ; the offices of The Queen, The Field, and The Law Times, 
 The Athenceum, and Notes and Queries, the Birkbeck Institution, 
 and large printing establishmente now occupy land which a few 
 years ago was a series of courts and narrow passages. Although 
 these in recent times had become squalid and uninviting, they had 
 in the past been full of associations dear to the antiquary and the 
 historian. 
 Nevill's Court. On the 9th of July, 1900, some of the old houses in Nevill's 
 
 Court, Fetter Lane, were sold by Messrs. Weatherall & Green. 
 These quaint houses, with their small gardens, are among the oldest 
 in London, being among the rehcs of the City untouched by the 
 Great Fire. The sale, which comprised some houses in Fetter 
 Lane, realized about 23,000?. Nos. 8, 9, and 10, forming a part 
 of the Moravian settlement founded there by Count Zinzendorf 
 
 Newspapers 
 
 published in 
 
 Bream's 
 
 Buildings. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 81 
 
 The Moravian 
 Cbapcl, 
 
 in 1722, were not included in the sale. This was the first settlement 
 of the Moravians in England. No. 10 is the fine old mansion 
 locally known as Chichester House. There is a tradition that it 
 was at one time occupied by the Bishops of Chichester, who once 
 owned the site of Lincoln's Inn, and still hold property on both 
 sides of Chancery Lane. Among the preachers in NeviU's Court 
 was John Wesley, but the ' History of the Moravian Chapel,' 
 published at 32, Fetter Lane, says that it is a mistake to state 
 that the chapel was taken by Wesley, and that he formed his first 
 society there. 
 
 The Moravians, or rather, as they prefer to be called, " The 
 Church of the United Brethren," still keep their work in Fetter 
 Lane in fuU activity. Many interesting pamphlets are published 
 from their office. At the old chapel, in which few changes have 
 been made, frequent services are held. The old organ remains, 
 and a portion of the space under the gallery is divided by a glass 
 partition. This is stiU known as " the nursery," from a tradition 
 that little children were kept there during the services, so as not to 
 disturb the congregation. In former times there was a door in 
 the waU at the back of the pulpit, so that the minister would be 
 able to escape in case of riot. It is curious that the chapel should 
 stand in two parishes, those of St. Bride and St. Dunstan-in-the- 
 West, the boundary passing just in front of the pulpit. On this 
 account the eastern window used to have a sash to admit the 
 passage of a boy to " beat the bounds " on Holy Thursday.* The 
 Moravians claim to number 258,000, and spend in mission work 
 80,000?. per annum. 
 
 Another chapel in Fetter Lane, now pulled down, had also a 
 most interesting record. It was associated with the Independents, 
 now more generally called Congregationalists. The precise date 
 of its foundation is unknown, but it was certainly previous to 1660. 
 The leatherseller in Fleet Street, Praise God Barebones, occasionally 
 preached there ; his nephew assumed the name of Nicholas in 
 place of the extraordinary rigmarole given to him by his father, 
 and was the founder of the Phoenix Fire Office ; his house in Crown 
 Court became the seat of the Eoyal Society. It was under the 
 ministry of Mr. Stephen Lobb that about 1685 the church took StephenLobb 
 possession of the chapel in Fetter Lane. He is described as a man 
 of learning, courage, and abUity, and he took a leading part in the 
 controversies that arose when James II. tried to get the laws against 
 toleration altered. Being frequently at Court, he used his influence 
 with the king, considerably to the advantage of the Dissenters. 
 
 In 1708 Thomas Bradbury, called by Queen Anne "Bold 
 Bradbury," took the pastorate. He was such a formidable op- 
 ponent of the High Church party that great efforts were made 
 
 * ' History of the Moravian Church,' published by the Society. 
 
 F 
 
 Praise God 
 Barebones. 
 
 The Royal 
 Society. 
 
 " Bold 
 Bradbury." 
 
82 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 to silence him ; it is said that Harley offered him a bishopric if only 
 he would conform. Then threats were tried, and a plot laid to 
 assassinate him. Bradbury used to tell how he was the first man 
 who proclaimed King George I. By an arrangement with Bishop 
 Burnet, he was among the first to receive intimation of the death 
 of Queen Anne. This was done by a special messenger dropping 
 a handkerchief from the gallery while Bradbury was preaching. 
 He suppressed his feeUng of joy during the sermon, but made 
 mention of it in a prayer of thanksgiving at the close of the service. 
 Mr. Bradbury was one of the Dissenting ministers who carried 
 up the congratulatory address to King George on his accession. 
 As they were dressed in long black Geneva cloaks, a nobleman, 
 probably Lord Bohngbroke, said to him, " Pray, sir, is this a 
 funeral ? " " Yes, my Lord," was the ready reply. " It is the 
 funeral of the Schism BiU, and the resurrection of Liberty." Another 
 minister of the church was George Burder, the founder and first 
 secretary of the ReUgious Tract Society ; an interesting account of 
 
 Tract Society, him is to be found in ' The Story of the ReUgious Tract Society,' 
 by the Rev. Samuel G. Green, D.D. Another renowned name 
 
 Caleb Morris, associated with Fetter Lane is that of Caleb Morris. In the ' Me- 
 morials of Fetter Lane Congregational Chapel,' by Arthur Pye- 
 Smith, published by Warren HaU & Lovitt, mention is made 
 of the great influence exercised by Caleb Morris. In that out-of- 
 the-way chapel in Fetter Lane he drew to him " students, ministers, 
 teachers, men of science, men of letters, philosophers." The 
 members of the church have caused a chapel to be erected at Leyton, 
 now known as New Fetter Lane Chapel. Mr. Albert Spicer, M.P., 
 laid the foundation stone on the 8th of July, 1899, and it was opened 
 by Dr. Fairbairn on the 7th of May, 1900. 
 
 It should not be forgotten that the first improvement to be 
 made in Fetter Lane was the erection of the handsome building, 
 formerly occupied by the publishing firm of Sampson Low, Marston 
 & Co., but now (1908) the London quarters of the Cambridge Press, 
 of which Mr. Charles Felix Clay is the manager. 
 
 George 
 
 Burder, 
 
 founder of the 
 
 Beligious 
 
 1900, Oct. 20. 
 Plural voting- 
 
 PLURAL VOTING. 
 
 It would appear from The Daily News of the 2nd of October 
 that at the General Election in 1895 the largest number of votes 
 was held by the late Rev. Washboume West, Bursar of Lincohi 
 College, Oxford, who possessed twenty-three in twenty-three 
 counties. A correspondent writes on the following day that 
 among present plural voters Mr. Joseph Baxendale, senior partner 
 of the firm of Pickford & Co., ought to stand high, he having forty- 
 three votes. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 83 
 
 ANCIENT SCOTTISH CUSTOM. 
 
 It is stated in The Daily Telegraph of October 15th, 1900, Marquis of 
 that, in accordance with the express wish of the late Marquis Bute's heart 
 of Bute, his heart will, at an early date, be conveyed to Palestine *° .^® 'ij"^'^. 
 for burial at the Mount of OUves ; and that at the funeral from °°of OIW^ 
 Cumnock House the heart was carried in a specially prepared 
 receptacle. This appears to have been in ancient times a favourite 
 request among the Scottish nobUity. 
 
 THE MORAVIAN SETTLEMENT, FETTER LANE. 
 
 The Secretary of the Moravian settlement, who had so cour- 
 teously supplied me with materials for my former note (ante, p. 81), 
 informed me that the Moravians were certainly in possession of 
 their present premises in May, 1738, but that the date does not 
 appear in the church report until 1742. They hold the house in 
 Fetter Lane, including the chapel, on a lease of four hundred 
 years. In reference to Mr. Philip Norman's query as to Dr. Nicholas 
 Barbon being a son, and not a nephew, of " Praise God Barebones," 
 I find the information to be uncertain. Mr. P. B. Macdonald, 
 the secretary of the Phoenix Fire Office, informs me that in Relton's 
 ' Fire Insurance Companies,' on p. 19, it is stated that " Dr. Nicholas 
 Barbon, who died in 1698, is said to have been one of the sons 
 of Praise God Barebones, of the CromweUian Parhament." He 
 appears to have been a very clever man, not only as a physician, 
 but also as a builder, besides being the first projector of fire in- 
 surance in England who brought the scheme to maturity. It was 
 the outcome of Barbon's beginning of fire insurance that a fire 
 office, afterwards called the Phoenix, was established. This did 
 not survive, Mr. Macdonald thinks, above twenty to thirty years. 
 The present Phoenix did not begin till 1782, and, Mr. Macdonald 
 informs me, was for some time known as " The New Fire Office." 
 It had nothing to do with the previous Phoenix. 
 
 Those interested in the building recently known as the RoUs 
 Chapel should procure Sir H. C. Maxwell-Lyte's Report, pubUshed 
 by Eyre & Spottiswoode. It contains an account of the chapel, 
 and a description of the monuments. These were carefully pro- 
 tected during its demohtion, and included that of Dr. Yong, which 
 had long been its chief ornament, being " one of the finest examples 
 in England of the monumental art of the Itahan Renaissance." 
 Almost opposite to the tomb of Dr. Yong stood the Ahngton monu- 
 ment, " a fine example of the EUzabethan period." The register 
 of burials and marriages is also given. The entries are but few. 
 The report contains many illustrations. 
 
 F 2 
 
 1900, Nov. 3. 
 
 The Moravian 
 Settlement, 
 Fetter Lane. 
 
 Dr. Nicholas 
 Barbon. 
 
 Mr. F. B. 
 
 Macdonald on 
 
 the Phoenix 
 
 Fire Office. 
 
84 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The London 
 
 County 
 
 Council's 
 
 Museum. 
 
 Dickens at 
 
 Tavistock 
 
 House. 
 
 The London County Council is establishing at its central 
 offices a museum of antiquarian reUcs. The golden sign of " The 
 Half Moon," from the doorway of one of the gabled houses in 
 Holywell Street, has been placed there. An old friend of ' N. & Q.,' 
 Mr. G. L. Gomme, has the matter in hand, so there is a certainty 
 of its being well done. 
 
 Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, the home of Charles 
 Dickens for nine years, has just been added to the record of vanishing 
 London. 
 
 Marylebone 
 Church. 
 
 ST. MARYLEBONE CHURCH. 
 
 The celebration of the five-hundredth anniversary of the 
 laying of the foimdation stone of the old parish church of St. Maryle- 
 bone took place on Sunday, October 28th, 1900. The church 
 is sometimes known as " The Hogarth Church," from its being 
 depicted in ' The Rake's Progress ' and ' The Idle Apprentice.' 
 Many of the Dukes of Portland are buried in the church ; 
 Byron was baptized there in March, 1788. It will also be 
 remembered that little Paul Dombey weis supposed to have been 
 christened there. The churchyard contains the tomb of Charles 
 Wesley. 
 
 THE GOLD STONE. 
 
 The Gold 
 Stone : Mr. 
 
 Mr. W. HoUamby, of Hove, has been the means of the recovery 
 W H 11 b °^ *'^^ Gorsed or Gold Stone, described by Horsfield as one of the 
 am y. jg^jggg^ j^j^jj most remarkable of the Druidical stones upon the 
 Brighton Downs. Its length is 13 ft., the greatest mdth 9ft., 
 and depth about 6 ft., and it is said to have weighed about eleven 
 tons. About seventy years ago, owing to the damage done to his 
 crops by curious visitors, the owner of the land on which it stood 
 caused it to be buried. Its whereabouts was discovered only after 
 one hundred trial holes had been sunk. In ' N. & Q.' of the lOth of 
 November, 1866, Mr. C. Purhng states that in Erredge's ' History 
 of Brighton ' full particulars are given of the Gold Stone Bottom 
 tragedies. The regiment quartered at Brighton mutinied, and on 
 the 13th of June, 1795, two of the men were shot at Gold Stone 
 Bottom. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 85 
 
 1900, Nov. 10. 
 
 The United 
 Free Church 
 of Scotland : 
 Principal 
 Rainy first 
 Moderator. 
 
 Commemora- 
 tion at 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Solemn 
 ceremony. 
 
 THE UNITED FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 After an agitation extending over thirty-seven years (for it 
 was in 1863 that the first joint committee was appointed to consider 
 the question of miion),the Free and United Presbyterian Churches 
 of Scotland have now become one Free Church, and Principal 
 Rainy has been chosen as its first Moderator. It seems appropriate 
 that an event so important in the history of Scotland should have 
 a note in ' N. & Q.' On Wednesday, the 31st of October, 1900, 
 the union was commemorated at Edinburgh with due ceremonial, 
 when the members of the supreme courts of both bodies marched 
 in procession to the extemporized hall in the Waverley Market 
 where the meeting was held. The Scotsman of November 1st gives 
 a graphic account of the proceedings, and states that when the 
 adoption of the Uniting Act was moved by the Rev. Dr. Murray- 
 Mitchell, the oldest ordained minister in the Free Church, and 
 seconded by the Rev. Dr. Henderson, of Paisley, the oldest 
 minister in the United Presbyterian Church, 
 
 " the whole audience, moved by one impulse, rose to their feet : in 
 silence the members of the House, ia token of assent, held up their 
 right hands, while the clear voice of the Moderator was heard saying, 
 ' In the presence of our Divine King and Head, the King and Head 
 of the Chiirch, and with the concurrence of my brother Moderator, 
 I declare the Act of Union finally adopted, and that the Free Church 
 of Scotland and the United Presbyterian Church are now one Church 
 under the designation of the United Free Church of Scotland.' " 
 
 On the signing of the Uniting Act by the two Moderators and the 
 Clerks of Assembly the House remained standing as interested 
 spectators : — 
 
 " The Moderators then, facing each other, gave each other the 
 right hand of fellowship in these terms — Dr. Ross Taylor : ' In the 
 name of the Free Church of Scotland I offer you, honoured brother, 
 as Moderator of the United Presbyterian Synod, the right hand of 
 fellowship in token of the happy imion now formed between the two 
 Churches.' Dr. Mair, responding, said : ' I have the equally high 
 privilege, in the name of the United Presbyterian Church, to offer you, 
 honoured brother and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free 
 Church of Scotland, the right hand of fellowship in token of the union 
 now happily consummated by the signing of the Act.' The audience 
 raised a cheer as the Moderators in face of the assemblage cordially 
 shook hands." 
 
 The hall in which the meeting was held contained a number Relics in The 
 of interesting relics, the loan of which had been obtained from Scotsman. 
 friends. The Scotsman of the 31st of October stated that these 
 included 
 
 " the original parchment manuscript of the National League and 
 Covenant, subscribed at Glasgow in 1638. Copy of Thrissel's ' Banner, 
 a broadside printed m 1640 in connexion with the Covenantmg struggles. 
 
 Signing the 
 Act. 
 
86 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 composed by Thomas Cumiinghame. Sword from the field of Drum- 
 clog ; this sword belonged to Dr. David Livingstone, the African 
 traveller and missionary. Sword which belonged to William Woodbum, 
 Mains of Loudon, Covenanter, used by him at Bothwell Bridge and 
 Drumolog. Spears collected by Dr. David Livingstone in Manyuema, 
 Central Africa. All these had been lent by the Glasgow Corporation. 
 Capt. John Paton's sword, light and single edged. The blade is curved 
 backwards, and has a broad, deep, and long groove near the back on 
 each side. The light basket hUt is partly gone. Lent by John Howie, 
 Lochgoin, per Rev. Mr. Yule, Dunlop. Covenanters' flag, for the parish 
 of Fenwiok. At the top, on the left, is an open Bible marked ' The 
 Word of God,' while on the right is a crown surmounting a thistle. 
 Banner of blue silk, bearing the Scottish thistle crowned, the arms of the 
 City of Edinburgh, and the words ' God bless his Highness the Prince 
 of Orange,' &c., used at the Revolution, 1688-9, lent by Miss Wood, 
 Edinburgh. Richard Cameron's sword (an ' Andrea Ferrara ' ), found 
 in Airdsmoss after the fight, lent by Rev. Wilson Baird, United Presby- 
 terian Manse, Mauchline. Avendale Covenanters' flag carried at the 
 battle of Drumolog, lent by Weavers' Society of Strathaven, per Dr. 
 AUan Watt. Flag carried at the battle of Drumolog by William Wood- 
 burn, lent by J. Clelland, Darvel, per Rev. Mr. BoneUie. Sword taken 
 from one of the dragoons of Claverhouse at the battle of Drumolog, 
 lent by Alex. Morton, Darvel, per Rev. Mr. BoneUie. Blue flag carried 
 by the Lesmahagow contingent at the battle of Drumclog and Bothwell 
 Bridge, lent by Mrs. Napier, Lethame. Banner which was raised over 
 the tent for Gaelic services at CanonmiUs at the Disruption, 1843, used 
 also during the General Assembly at CanonmiUs, 1844^5, lent by Free 
 Church CoUege, Aberdeen. Sword said to have belonged to And. 
 Paterson, an officer who took part with the Covenanters at the battle of 
 BothweU Bridge, lent by Mrs. Easton, late of Darvel, per Rev. Dr. 
 M'Crie. Christian Endeavour Union banner, modem Covenanting 
 banner, lent by Rev. John Pollock, Oxford Drive, Glasgow. Broad- 
 sword which belonged to Capt. Paton, with double-edged blade, bears 
 on each side a globe and double cross, lent by Dr. Watt, Strathaven." 
 
 Since this Union was commemorated the United Free Church 
 of Scotland has had to mourn the loss of its first Moderator, Principal 
 Rainy, Dr. Ross Taylor, and Lord Overtoun. The Athencmm 
 in its obituary notice of Principal Rainy on the 29th of 
 December, 1906, refers to his personal charm and good sense, 
 which with his " serenity of temper made him in the best sense 
 a Moderator of his Church." 
 
 1900, Nov. 17. 
 
 Downing 
 Street: Origin 
 of the name. 
 
 DOWNING STREET: ORIGIN OF THE NAME. 
 
 The remarks made by Mr. Choate in his speech at the Lord 
 Mayor's banquet on the 9th of November, 1900, as to the origin 
 of the name given to " the smallest and yet the greatest street in 
 the world, because it lay at the hub of the gigantic wheel which 
 encircled the globe under the name of ' The British Empire ' — Down- 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 87 
 
 ing Street," call to mind the many notes, queries, and replies 
 _ N. & Q.' has had on the subject. The first reference was made 
 m the number of the 4th of May, 1850, under 'Notes from Cunning- 
 ham's " Handbook for London," ' where it is stated that at the 
 beginning of the nineteenth century the only official residence 
 in the street was that of the First Lord of the Treasury, but by 
 degrees one house was bought after another — first the Foreign 
 Office, then the Colonial Office, and afterwards a house for the 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer. On the 7th of December " Alpha " 
 asks for information as to Sir George Downing, to which Mr. Cooper, 
 of Cambridge, rephes on the 21st of December. On the 25th of 
 January, 1851, J. P. C. states that 
 
 " Sir George Downing was not the son of Calibut Downing, Rector of 
 Hackney, but of Emmanuel Downing, a London merchant, who went 
 to New England. Governor Hutchinson, in his 'History of Massa- 
 chusetts,' gives the true account of Downing's afiiliation, which has been 
 further confirmed by Mr. Savage, of Boston, from the public records of 
 New England." 
 
 On the 15th of March C. H. confirms the accuracy of the memo- 
 randum as to Sir G. Downing's parentage by giving an extract 
 from a letter in Carte's ' Letters,' ii. 319. The letter is from T. 
 Howard to Charles II., written April 5, 1660. Under ' Notes 
 on Pepys's Diary,' on the 1st of July, 1854, further reference is 
 made to Sir George Downing ; also at 2 S. xii. 420 ; 7 S. ix. 172 ; 
 8 S. ii. 464 ; iii. 39. 
 
 Mr. Choate, in the course of his speech, stated that the school 
 which he had the good fortune to attend in Massachusetts — 
 " the best colony that was ever planted under the Enghsh flag, and 
 planted in the best way, because the colonists were driven out to 
 shift for themselves " — had over the entrance archway the 
 inscription " Schola Publica Prima " (it was the first public school 
 organized in Massachusetts), and underneath was inscribed the 
 name of the first pupil of that school, George Downing, who was 
 also the first graduate sent out by Harvard College in 1642. 
 Mr. Choate then gave an amusing sketch of Downing's career in 
 England, where " he hoodwinked Cromwell," and after the 
 Protector's death " tried his arts " upon the " Eump " : then, 
 when the Restoration came, " practised his wily arts upon the 
 Merry Monarch," whom he induced to grant him a great tract 
 of land at Westminster, provided that the houses to be built 
 there should be " handsome and graceful." 
 
 "So Downing buUt the houses and many others between there 
 £md Westminster Abbey, and the records of the time described them as 
 * pleasant mansions having a back-front to St. James's Park.' " 
 
 Sir George 
 Downing. 
 
 Mr. Cboate's 
 Speech at 
 Guildhall. 
 
 George 
 
 Downing 
 
 hoodwinks 
 
 Cromwell. 
 
 He builds 
 houses. 
 
88 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1901, Feb. 2. 
 
 Albert the 
 Good. 
 
 ALBERT THE GOOD. 
 
 The obituary notice of the Prince Consort which appeared in 
 The Athenmum of the 21st of December, 1861, contains the follow- 
 ing : " What the word Duty was to Arthur the Great, the word 
 Progress was to Albert the Good." Is this the first instance in 
 which this phrase, afterwards adopted by Tennyson in his dedica- 
 tion of ' The Idylls of the King,' was used ? 
 
 No reply was received to my question. 
 
 MEMORIAL TO JOHN RUSKIN. 
 
 1901, Feb. 16. 
 
 A memorial to John Ruskin has been placed in the church 
 Buskin of St. Paul, Heme HiU. It consists of a tablet of coloured marble, 
 memorial, -witii inscription, siu-mounted by a medallion portrait in white 
 marble by Mr. Brindley. The inscription is as follows : — 
 
 " John Ruskin, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., born in Bloomsbury, Feb. 8, 
 1819. Brought to 28, Heme Hill by his parents in 1823. He dwelt 
 in Heme and Denmark Hill for fifty years. His later days were chiefly 
 lived upon the shore of Coniston Lake, yet imder the roof where he 
 grew up he had a home in this parish to the end, the house having 
 passed into the possession of his cousin and adopted daughter Joan 
 and her husband Arthur Severn. Died at Brantwood, Jan. 20, 1900. 
 Buried at Coniston, Jan. 25, 1900. 'The words of the wise are as 
 goads, and as nails well fastened are the words of masters of assemblies.' " 
 
 1901, Feb. 16. 
 
 Handel relic 
 
 shown by 
 
 Mr. J. S. 
 
 Shedlock, 
 
 HANDEL RELIC. 
 
 A precious relic of Handel was shown by Mr. Shedlock on 
 Saturday, February 9th, 1901, at the meeting of the Incorporated 
 Society of Musicians. The rehc is a book of harpsichord pieces, 
 written by Handel's friend Johann Krieger, organist at Zittau 
 for more than half a century, and pubUshed at Nuremberg in 1699. 
 The copy was presented to Handel by the composer. It is one 
 of the earliest examples of music printing extant, and was evidently 
 greatly cherished by Handel. Mr. Shedlock traced its history, 
 showing how it was given by the great composer as a rare gift to 
 his friend Bemhard Granville, brother of Mrs. Delany, from whom 
 it descended to Major Bevil GranviUe, who himself lent it to Mr. 
 Shedlock. On the title-page it is described as " Anmuthige Chavili 
 Terburg " ; and at the end of the preface, which is in the old German 
 character, are the words " Zittau, 20th December, 1699. Christ 
 year running to an end." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 89 
 
 QUEENS MEMBERS OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 
 
 Trvih for February 21st, 1901, does well to make the following i90i,March2, 
 contradiction of the mistake made in most of the papers that Queen 
 Victoria and Queen Alexandra are the only Queens who have been 
 members of the Order of the Garter :— 
 
 "Queen Alexandra is the first Queen Consort who has worn a 
 blue ribbon, but every Queen of England, from Mary I. downwards, 
 has been a member of the Order, as a sovereign, on ascending the throne, 
 becomes ipso facto a ICnight of the Garter. William IV. had intended 
 to confer a blue ribbon upon Queen Adelaide, but for some reason or 
 other the idea was abandoned." 
 
 Queens 
 
 members of 
 
 the Order of 
 
 the Garter. 
 
 PUBLIC MOURNING. 
 
 A remarkable feature during the mourning for Queen Victoria 190l,March9. 
 was the retaining of the black shutters at places of business on the 
 day after the burial of the Queen at Windsor ; and in some cases 
 they were not taken down for several days beyond. There seems 
 to have been a general reluctance to remove these outward signs 
 of sorrow. 
 
 Public 
 
 mourning 
 for Queen 
 Victoria. 
 
 THE FIRST LADY BARRISTER. 
 
 The Sphere for March 9th, 1901, contains a fuU-page illustra- 
 tion of the swearing-in of MUe. Chauvin, the lady barrister, who 
 made her first appearance on the 23rd of February before M. 
 Magnaud, the President of the Tribunal at Chateau-Thierry. The 
 Sphere states that the judge, in welcoming Mile. Chauvin, said that 
 
 " the law which had accorded her the right to practise had not been 
 received with equal enthusiasm by all her male confreres. The Chateau- 
 Thierry Trib\uial, on the contrary, applauded that law, as it would 
 energetically applaud all measittes tending to emancipate woman. 
 That was why he entertained the hope that at an early date a law would 
 be passed which would allow women to sit in the ordinary tribunals 
 as judges. It was with this hope that he welcomed to the bar of his 
 court the first woman who had come to plead before it." 
 
 1901, Mar. 16. 
 
 The first 
 lady barrister, 
 MUe.Chauvin. 
 
 VANISHING LONDON: CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 The Standard of March 7th, 1901, contains the following : — 
 " The beginning of the end has already been commenced in grim ^^01, Mar. 16. 
 
 Vanishing 
 
 earnest at Christ's Hospital. The Lenten suppers of this year will be 
 the last that will take place in the historic building in Newgate Street. 
 The coloured windows have already been removed, and a few weeks 
 hence the fine organ will be dismantled. It is intended to overhaul it 
 thoroughly, and then to erect it in the large hall at Horsham. The 
 organ an old Blue has promised to present will be placed in the chapel 
 in course of erection." 
 
 London : 
 
 Christ's 
 
 Hospital. 
 
90 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1901, Mar. 23. 
 
 St. Patrick's 
 
 Day: 
 
 shamrock 
 
 worn by the 
 
 Irish Guards. 
 
 ST. PATRICK'S DAY. 
 
 Twelve months ago, by Queen Victoria's command, all Irish 
 regiments and Irishmen serving in the army were permitted to 
 wear the shamrock ; and Sunday last being the first St. Patrick's 
 Day parade of the Royal Irish Guards since their formation, both 
 officers and men wore sprigs of shamrock on church parade. On 
 their return from the service they found that Queen Alexandra 
 had thoughtfiilly sent four boxes containing shamrock to be dis- 
 tributed to the men. The men at once removed the sprigs they 
 had in their coats, placing those received from the Queen in their 
 stead. By command of the King a sprig was sent to him from 
 Covent Garden. This was the four-leaved shamrock, which is 
 supposed to have a special significance. A wreath of shamrock, 
 by special permission of the King, was placed on the sarcophagus 
 of Queen Victoria at Frogmore by the Royal Munster Fusiliers. 
 The deputation consisted of General J. W. Laurie, M.P., Col. 
 Johnston, Capt. Macpherson, and Sergeant CullUane. 
 
 1901, Mar. 23. 
 
 KING EDWARD VII.'S TITLE IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 jjing In the House of Commons on Monday last Mr. Black wished to 
 
 Edward's title know whether, in view of the fact that no sovereign bearing the 
 in Scotland, name of Edward had hitherto reigned in Scotland, instructions 
 would be given to omit the words " the Seventh " in all documents 
 running in the name of His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward 
 relating to Scotland alone. Mr. J. A. Dewar called attention to 
 the fact that the oath of allegiance taken by hon. members was to 
 King Edward, and not to King Edward VII. ; and Mr. Pirie asked 
 whether, if a rigorous rule were enforced as to the words " the 
 Seventh," a precedent would not be created which had not been 
 adhered to in the similar case of WiUiam IV. Mr. G. Murray — 
 the Lord Advocate — in reply, stated that it had been decided, 
 after full consideration, that His Majesty's title shall be given as 
 Edward VII., and that writs passing the Signet and other documents 
 running in the name of the Crown in Scotland shall bear that title. 
 In the time of WiUiam IV. summonses always ran in the name of 
 William IV., and the Lord Advocate candidly confessed that he 
 had in vain endeavoured to find a Scottish grievance in the 
 matter. His Majesty was proclaimed Edward VII., audit would 
 be inconvenient to have statutes of Edward VII. cited in Scotland 
 as statutes of Edward I. 
 
 This drew from Col. W. F. Prideaux the following : — 
 " A letter dated II March, which appeared in The Standard 
 of the following day over the signature W. B., may perhaps be of 
 interest in this connexion : — 
 
 " ' I observe, in the notice of a question he intends to put to the 
 Lord Advocate to-day, that Mr. Black says, " No sovereign bearing the 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 91 
 
 name of Edward has hitherto reigned in Scotland." This is an error, 
 for there were two Scottish kings prior to the Union who bore the name. 
 Edward I. was the eldest son of Malcolm III., and was proclaimed 
 king by the army after the death of his father at AJnwick, November 13, 
 1093. He was, unfortunately, slain in battle the following day. 
 Edward II., better known as Edward BaHol, was crowned at Scone, 
 September 24, 1332, and reigned nearly eleven years. His present 
 Majesty is, therefore, Edward III. of Scotland and VII. of England, 
 but, since the Union, a different numeral for the sovereign in the 
 Northern kingdom has been discontinued. The exiled Stuarts, who, 
 of course, ignored the Act of Queen Anne, continued the former custom, 
 and consequently Prince James and Cardinal York styled themselves 
 respectively James VIII. and III., and Henry II. and IX.' " 
 
 Canon Isaac Taylor, referring to the precedent in the case of 
 William IV. states that he was William I. of Hanover, William II. 
 of Wales, William III. of Scotland, and William IV. of England. 
 
 MR. GEORGE MURRAY SMITH AND THE AUTHORS FOR WHOM 
 
 HE PUBLISHED. 
 
 1901, April 20 
 
 George 
 
 Murray 
 
 Smith: his 
 
 generosity 
 
 and 
 kindliness. 
 
 The daily and the weekly press have rendered fitting tribute to 
 this eminent publisher. His relationship with his authors was not 
 a mere question of £ s. d., but in many cases became one of intimate 
 friendship. This had an influence throughout the entire establish- 
 ment, and it has often been my privilege to hear members of his 
 staff speak of the authors whose works were being pubUshed by 
 the firm in terms almost afiectionate. This was notably so in the 
 case of Robert Browning and James Payn, the latter, hke Dickens, 
 being " a model editor." What Mr. Payn wrote of " The Master," 
 in his article in The Cornhill Magazine of November, 1899, ' An 
 Editor and some Contributors,' may well be applied to himself : 
 " All men of letters were akin to him, and the humblest writer, James Payn, 
 provided he could show himself fitted for the calling he had chosen, 
 was as a younger brother." 
 
 Those who knew Mr. Smith will readUy join in the testimony 
 which Sir John MUlais wrote on a slate when he was dying : " The 
 kindest man and the best gentleman I have had to deal with." 
 
 STOCK EXCHANGE CENTENARY. 
 
 On Saturday, May 18th, the members of the Stock Exchange 1901, May 25. 
 made holiday to celebrate the centenary of the laying of the founda- "■ ' 
 tion stone of their first building. The exchange of stocks in London 
 commenced more than two centuries back, the business bemg then 
 conducted in the open air. A writer in The Daily Graphic states 
 that the name "Stock Exchange" was not coined until 1773, when 
 
 Stock 
 Exchange 
 Centenary. 
 
92 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 rooms were hired for business purposes at New Jonathan's in 
 Sweeting Alley, and the place was called " The Stock Exchange" 
 — " which is to be wrote over the door." The brokers, however, 
 determined to have a building of their own, and on the 18th of 
 May, 1801, Mr. WilUam Hammond, the chairman of the then 
 Committee of Management, laid the foundation stone of the Ex- 
 change which has since been so considerably extended. The 
 Daily Telegraph mentions the curious fact that the stone was lost 
 during the rebuilding in 1853-4, and when it was discovered ia 
 1883 it was found to contain a plate with the subjoined inscription : 
 
 " On May 18, in the year 1801, and 41 of George III., the first stone 
 of this building, erected by private subscription, for transaction of 
 business in the public funds, was laid in the presence of the proprietors, 
 and under the direction of William Hammond, WilHam Steer, Thomas 
 Roberts, Griffith Jones, WiUiam Grey, Isaac Hensley, Jo. Brackshaw, 
 John Capel, and John Barnes, managers ; James Peacock, architect. 
 At this sera, the first of the union between Great Britain and Ireland, 
 the public funded debt had accumidated in five successive reigns to 
 552,730,924?. The inviolate faith of the British nation, and the 
 principles of the constitution, sanction and secure the property embarked 
 in this imdertaking. May the blessing of the constitution be secure 
 to the latest posterity." 
 
 The building was opened for business in March, 1802, the sub- 
 scription being ten guineas, payable annually. The members 
 then numbered 500. The present number is given as 4,673, each 
 paying 40Z. per annum. Among notable visitors have been the 
 Prince of Wales in 1885, the Duke of York in 1897, and Lord 
 Kitchener after the taking of Khartoum. 
 
 GIPSIES AND LONGEVITY. 
 
 1901, May 25. The Brighton Herald of the 18th of May states that Sammy 
 
 Gipsies and Lee, the " Gipsy King," said to have been the father of Gipsy Lee 
 
 longevity, the famous fortune-teller at the Devil's Dyke, has just died at the 
 
 age of 103, having been born in 1798. He claimed the distinction, 
 
 of which he was very proud, of being a thoroughbred gipsy, a real 
 
 " Romany chal." He leaves a sister who is 102 years of age. 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE TRADING. 
 
 1901, June 8. jijie first Congress of the Co-operative Union held in the new 
 
 Co-operative century deserves a note. The meetings commenced on the 27th 
 Congress, ^f jjg^y ^^^ Middlesbrough, when Mr. Joseph Warwick (the President) 
 mentioned some interesting facts as to the growth of the movement. 
 The Union was started in 1844, when twenty-eight men combined 
 together ; their capital (which they pooled) was 281. Their trade 
 in the first year was 1101. At the close of last year there were 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 93 
 
 in the United Kingdom 1,464 distributing societies, having a mem- 
 bership of 1,709,371, with share capital of 20,586,231?., doing a trade 
 of over fifty miUions and handing back to the members 7,747,338?., 
 showing a net saving on the spending power of the consumer 
 of 15 per cent. 
 
 SYDENHAM WELLS PARK. 
 The dedication of this park to pubUc use for ever is of interest 1901, June 8. 
 to the antiquary. The name, as readers of ' N. & Q.' will remember, 
 commemorates some mineral springs discovered in 1640, and 
 referred to by EveljTi in his ' Diary.' Sydenham is also associated 
 with the poet Campbell ; there he passed the happiest years of 
 his life, and remained until he became editor of The New Monthly. 
 
 Sydenham 
 Welis Park. 
 
 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY. 
 
 ' N. & Q.' should have a record of the ninth Jubilee of Glasgow 
 University. The celebration commenced on Wednesday, the 
 12th of June, by a service in the Cathedral. This was appropriate, 
 as pointed out by Dr. M'Adam Muir, because it was by one identified 
 with that edifice that the University was founded, for it was owing 
 to the exertions of Bishop TurnbuU that Pope Nicholas V., " the 
 greatest of the restorers of learning," " constituted a University 
 to continue in aU time to come in the city of Glasgow, ' it being 
 ane notable place, with gude air and plenty of provisions for human 
 life ' " ; and to ensure " that the classes might begin with some 
 degree of celebrity," he further granted a universal indulgence 
 to all faithful Christians who should visit the Cathedral of Glasgow 
 in the year 1451. In the course of his address, as reported by The 
 Olasgow Herald on the following day, Dr. Muir made the following 
 historical references : — 
 
 " When the first Jubilee was reached, James IV., who fell at 
 Flodden, was sitting on the throne of Scotland ; and a new world 
 had a few years before been opened up by the discovery of America. 
 At the second Jubilee the tremendous conflict of the Reformation was 
 raging, arid the ill-fated Mary, Queen of Scots, was still a child in France. 
 When the third Jubilee came round, the long feud between England 
 and Scotland was about to cease through the accession of the Scottish 
 king to the English throne. The fotirth Jubilee found the Common- 
 wealth established ; King Charles I. had perished on the scaffold ; 
 Cromwell was overrunning Scotland ; and the quaint Zachary Boyd, 
 to whom the University is indebted for liberal benefactions, denounced 
 him to his face va. the lower ohm-ch of this Cathedral. The fifth Jubilee 
 fell at the end of the reign of William III. and the beginning of the reign 
 of Queen Anne. By the time of the sixth Jubilee the protracted 
 struggle between the House of Stuart and the House of Hanover had 
 come to an end ; the hopes of the Jacobites had been quenched at 
 
 1901, June 22. 
 
 Glasgow Uni- 
 versity: Ninth 
 Jubilee. 
 
 Dr. Muir's 
 historical 
 references. 
 
94 JSTOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Culloden ; the Duke of Cumberland had received in recognition of his 
 services the degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Glasgow ; 
 and Clive was laying the foundation of the British Empire in India. 
 The seventh Jubilee occurred when the storm and agitation of the 
 French Revolution had not sunk to rest, when the momentous career 
 of Napoleon was becoming a menace to Europe, when Great Britain 
 and Ireland were united. . . .The eighth Jubilee was contemporary 
 with the first great International Exhibition. .. .And now the ninth 
 Jubilee finds us at the completion of the glorious Victorian era, mourning 
 the departure of our beloved Queen, yet hailing with enthusiastic 
 loyalty the accession of our new King." 
 
 Eeception in In the afternoon there was a reception of delegates in the 
 
 the Bute Hall Bute Hall, and The Glasgow Herald does fuU justice to the splendour 
 of the spectacle. In the absence— on account of age — of the vener- 
 able Chancellor (Lord Stair), the Vice-Chancellor (the Very Rev. 
 Principal Story) delivered the address and received the delegates, 
 among whom were two native professors from the University of 
 Tokyo, in Japan, while the youngest British University, Birming- 
 ham, was represented by Prof. Oliver Lodge. 
 
 Dr. Muir in affectionate terms well described Glasgow Uni- 
 versity as fulfilling the ideal of a University sketched by Newman 
 nearly half a century ago :— 
 
 " a place which attracts the affections of the young by its fame, wins 
 the judgment of the middle-aged by its beauty, and rivets the memory 
 of the old by its associations ; a seat of wisdom, a light of the world, 
 a minister of the faith, an alma mater of the rising generation." 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CIVIL LIST PENSIONS. 
 
 (May 16th, 1901.) 
 
 On the 16th of May, by an Order of the House of Commons, 1901, July 6. 
 a Return was printed of " Persons now in receipt of Pensions, Civil List 
 charged on the Civil List of Her late Majesty under the Act 1 Vict., Pensions 
 c. 2, s. 5." On looking over this publication I felt what an interesting y™*^" 
 permanent record it would be if we could place it in the pages of Pemlssionof 
 " dear old ' N. & Q.,' " and with the Editor's cordial approval I Controller to 
 wrote to the printers, Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, aslong them publish. 
 for permission to reprint it. Their reply was that the copyright 
 did not rest with them, but they courteously suggested that I 
 should place my request before the Controller of His Majesty's 
 Stationery Office, who has kindly acceded to my wish, upon the 
 understanding that " mention is made of the fact that the per- 
 mission of the Controller of His Majesty's Stationery Office has been 
 obtained " ; and I am now able to place the Return before the 
 readers of ' N. & Q.' 
 
 The following references to the subject of hterary pensions 
 have appeared in these columns : — 
 
 On the 21st of October, 1854, " Indignans " calls attention to 
 " the pittance of 1,200Z. distributed among some thirty or forty 
 individuals, all of whom, by the force and splendour of their genius 
 
 have contributed so greatly to advance the prosperity and 
 
 renown of their country." 
 
 On the 2nd of December, 1854, " Liberal " gives the following 
 quotation from Madame de Stael : — 
 
 " Quelques pensions accord^es aux gens de lettres n,'exerceront 
 jamais beaucoup d' influence sur les vrais talens. Le g6nie n'en veut 
 qa'k la gloire, et la gloire ne jaillit que de ropinion publique." 
 
 On the 31st of July, 1858, J. M. H. notes that in the year 
 1663 Louis XIV. granted pensions to several hterary men, and asks 
 for a copy of the list. To this " Clericus (D.) " replies on the 
 21st of August. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Peel's sym- 
 pathy with 
 literary men. 
 
 Investigation 
 in 1888: 
 William 
 
 Morris Colles. 
 
 On the 1st of February, 1862, Mr. J. W. Bryans proposes the 
 founding of an Order of Merit, to take the name of the " Order of 
 the Albert Cross," in memory of the late Prince Consort : — 
 
 " We have already the ' Victoria Cross ' for deeds done in the field ; 
 might we not have the pendant to it, for exploits no less worthy in the 
 peaceful paths of science ? " 
 
 On the 1st of February, 1868, appears a note, ' The Literary 
 Pension of the Civil List,' signed J. A. G., who suggests that 5,000^ 
 per annum should be the very minimum sum devoted to literary 
 pensions, and leaves it " in the hands of the Editor and those of 
 his able contributors for an influential and successful advocacy." 
 
 On the 25th of July, 1885, H. Y. P. asks for records of royal 
 bounty funds. 
 
 I do not give the pensions in the order of the printed list, but 
 have classified them under their respective heads. The name of 
 the Prime Minister under whose administration the pension was 
 granted has also been added. 
 
 One name dear to all lovers of Uterature, that of Sir Robert 
 Peel, appears but once, there being now only one recipient among 
 the many who received pensions at his hands. This survivor is a 
 daughter of the late Sir Hudson Lowe,, the pension being granted as 
 far back as 1845. Of Sir Robert Peel's sympathy with Uterary 
 men fuU mention was made by The Athenaeum in the obituary notice 
 of him which appeared in the number of the 6th of July, 1850. 
 The grant of 300?. a year to Southey, with an offer of a baronetcy, 
 a like sum to Wordsworth, 200Z. a year to Tennyson, 150Z. a year 
 to James Montgomery, 200?. a year to Mr. Tytler, the same to Mr. 
 M'CuUoch, 100?. a year to the ^\^dow of Thomas Hood, proved his 
 appreciation of literature ; while for the sons of Mrs. Hemans he 
 found places under the Crown, and the first appointment of his first 
 administration was given to Allan Cunningham. He also bestowed 
 pensions on Mrs. Somerville and Faraday, and it is pleasing to 
 record that a niece of the great chemist, JMiss Jane Barnard, still 
 enjoys a pension. 
 
 ' N. & Q.' of the 8th of May, 1852, opens with a note by the 
 Editor on Sir Robert Peel, and his claims to be remembered by the 
 hterary men of England. Mention is made of the many hterary 
 pensions granted during the time he was Prime Minister, as well as 
 of his generosity towards Dr. Maginn, and it is proposed that a 
 bust or statue of him should be placed in the vestibule of the 
 British Museum. 
 
 In 1888 an investigation of the Victorian administration of 
 the Pension List, in reference to literature, was conducted for the 
 Committee of the Incorporated Society of Authors by Mr. William 
 Morris Colles, and the result pubhshed. Mr. CoUes proposes that 
 " the sum of 1,200?. be yearly voted for the purpose of assisting dis- 
 tinguished men and women of letters, art, and science by granting 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 97 
 
 pensions when they have arrived at the age of fifty-five or are 
 incapacitated from worlt by ill-health, mental or bodily, and their 
 widows or daughters if they are in distressed circumstances." 
 
 Mes, 
 
 LITERATURE. 
 1851, October 10th (Lord John Russell). 
 Maey Reid. 
 
 " In consideration of Dr. Reid's valuable contributions to 
 literature, ' and of the distressed condition in which his widow and 
 children are placed by his decease.' 50Z." 
 
 Mrs. Reid is the widow of James Seaton Reid, D.D. (1798-1851), 
 Church historian, author of ' History of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Ireland,' the third volume of which was completed by Prof. 
 Killen, of Belfast (' Dictionary of National Biography,' vol. xlvii. 
 p. 429). 
 
 1856, November 10th (Lord Palmerston). 
 
 Mk. Philip James Bailey. 
 
 " In consideration of his literary merits. lOOZ." 
 
 Born at Nottingham, 22nd of April, 1816. Author of ' Eestus,' 
 
 published in 1839. He was included in the honorary LL.D.s at the 
 
 recent celebration at Glasgow University. 
 
 Mr. Theordore Watts in The Athenceum for April 1st, 1876, 
 
 writes that 
 
 " there is, in fact, both here and in America, a large section of the public, 
 both cultivated and uncultivated, which — free from the bonds of 
 Calvinism on the one hand, and from hedonic nescience and art-worship 
 on the other — feels a warm and passionate sympathy with Mr. Bailey's 
 poem and the universahsm it teaches. And this sympathy — in religious 
 circles, at least — is, as a matter of fact, widening. It might almost 
 be said, indeed, that Christianity can never — even in the highest 
 development possible to it — get beyond the loving universaHsm of 
 such opposite poets as Bailey and Burns .... Had not ' Festus ' been 
 itself preceded (by something like four years) by Mr. Browning's 
 ' Paracelsus,' and not followed by it, the influence of Bailey would, 
 through DobeU, have been so great upon our youngest school that 
 his place in the history of nineteenth-century poetry would have been 
 more important than it even is now. Yet, in the study of English 
 poetry, it is always necessary to consider the influence of ' Paracelsus ' 
 upon ' Festus,' the influence of ' Festus ' upon ' Balder ' and ' England 
 in Time of War ' ; and the influence of these upon most subsequent 
 poetry." 
 
 Mr. Bailey died on the 6 September, 1902, aged 86. 
 1858, February 15th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Me. Stephen Heney Beadbitey. 
 
 " In consideration of his contributions to Uterature. &Qil." 
 1861, April 19th (Lord Palmerston). Second grant. 
 
 " In consideration of his Hterary merit. 25Z." 
 
 A poet of the middle of the century. 
 
 Literature. 
 
 Widow of Dr. 
 
 James Seaton 
 
 Reid. 
 
 Philip James 
 Bailey. 
 
 Stephen 
 
 Henry 
 
 Bradbury. 
 
98 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 William 
 
 Henry 
 
 Bartlett. 
 
 Daughter of 
 Douglas 
 Jerrcld. 
 
 Gerald 
 
 Massey, 
 
 Daughter of 
 Dr. Craik. 
 
 1858, October 4th (Earl of Derby). 
 Mrs. Susanna Baktlett. 
 
 " In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, the 
 late William Henry Bartlett. 751." 
 
 WUham Henry Bartlett (1809-54), author of 'Walks about 
 Jerusalem,' ' Forty Days in the Desert,' ' The Nile Boat,' and ' The 
 Pilgrim Fathers.' He edited Sharpe's London Magazine from 
 March, 1849, to June, 1852 (' D.N.B.,' vol. iii. p. 335). 
 
 1861, April 19th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Miss Maey Anne Jeeeold. 
 
 " In consideration of the literary merit of her father, the late 
 Mr. Douglas Jerrold. 501." 
 
 Douglas William Jerrold (1803-57). His first article in Punch, 
 signed Q., appeared in the second number, September 13th, 1841, 
 and he was a constant contributor until ten days before his death. 
 From 1852 he was editor of Lloyd's Newspaper at a salary of l,000i. 
 a year. He contributed three columns of leaders each week as 
 well as hterary reviews. He was also an early contributor to The 
 AthencBum. For a list of his works, &c., see ' D.N.B.,' vol. xxix. 
 pp. 349-52. 
 
 1863, June 18th (Lord Pabnerston). 
 Me. Geeald Massey. 
 
 " As to a lyric poet, sprung from the people. 70^" 
 
 1887, April 1st (Marquis of Salisbury). Second grant. 
 
 " In consideration of his hterary merit, and of the smallness of 
 his means of support. 301." 
 
 Bom at Gamble Wharf, near Tring, May 29th, 1828. His first 
 book was ' Voices of Freedom and Lyrics of Love,' 1851, followed 
 by ' The Ballad of Babe Christabel,' 1855, ' Craigcrook Castle,' 1856 
 and many others. 
 
 Mr. Massey died October 29, 1907, aged 79. 
 
 1866, December 10th (Eari of Derby). 
 Miss Maey Ceaik. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her father, the late Dr. 
 Craik, as Professor of History and English Literature in the Queen's 
 College, Belfast. 301." 
 
 George LiUie Craik (1798-1866), born at Kennoway, Fife. He 
 came to London, became cormected with Charles Knight, and 
 contributed largely to the publications of the Society for the 
 Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ; also to The Penny Magazine and 
 Penny Cyclopcedia. In 1849 he was appointed to the above- 
 mentioned professorship (' D.N.B.,' vol. xiii. p. 1). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 99 
 
 1870, April 12th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Me. Robert William Buchanan. 
 
 " In consideration of his literary merits as a poet. 1001." 
 
 Born August 18th, 1841 ; died June 10th, 1901. Obituary 
 notice in Athenoeum, June 15th. M.A.P. of same date : ' Robert 
 Buchanan's Youth.' The Spectator, June 29th, 1901, contains a 
 communication signed W. W., stating that " lines from the ' Siren ' 
 adorn the drawing-room of the beautiful chateau-observatory of 
 Abbabia, near Hendaye, now belonging to the Institute of France. 
 They well express the feelings of the late owTier when he built the 
 chateau." A translation is given. The lines commence 
 Oh melancholy waters, softly flow ! 
 
 1877, Jime 1st (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Miss Maey Ann De Foe. 
 
 " The lineal descendant of the author of ' Robinson Crusoe.' 
 751." 
 
 In The Athenaeum of June 1st, 1895, Mr. George A. Aitken 
 gives a list of books from the catalogue of Defoe's Hbrary. The 
 missing catalogue had been lying all these years in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 1877, November 28th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mr. George MacDonald. 
 
 " In consideration of his contributions to Uterature. 100/." 
 
 Bom 1824. Was an Independent minister, but retired on 
 account of his health. His first book was a poem, published in 
 1856, ' Within and Without ' ; his long series of novels commenced 
 in 1862 with ' David Elgmbrod.' 
 
 Mr. MacDonald died September 18th, 1905. 
 
 1878, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Lady Ceeasy. 
 
 " In recognition of the hterary services of her late husband, 
 Sir Edward Creasy. 150/." 
 
 Edward Shepherd Creasy, bom 1812; died January 27th, 
 1878. His ' Biographies of Emment Etonians ' appeared in 1850, 
 and his ' Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,' 1852 (' D.N.B.,' 
 vol. xiii. p. 64). 
 
 1880, April 28th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mbs. Mabian Hepwoeth Dixon. 
 
 " In consideration of the hterary services of her late husband, 
 Mr, William Hepworth Dixon. 100/." 
 
 a2 
 
 Bobert 
 
 William 
 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Miss Mary 
 Ann De Foe. 
 
 George 
 MacDonald.* 
 
 Widow of Sir 
 Edward 
 Creasy. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Hepworth 
 
 Dixon. 
 
100 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 William Hepworth Dixon (1821-79). His life of Howard 
 (published 1850) went through, three editions in one year. From 
 1853 to 1869 editor of The AthenoBum. It was at his suggestion 
 greater facilities were given to the pubUc to visit the Tower of 
 London ; and during his first trip to America he arranged for the 
 recovery of the Irish State Papers, for which he was offered the 
 honour of knighthood (' D.N.B.,' vol. xv. pp. 128-9). 
 
 1881, October 31st (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Db. Charles Wells. 
 
 " In recognition of his services in connexion with Oriental 
 languages and hterature. 50Z." 
 
 Born September 6th, 1838 ; special correspondent of The 
 Daily Telegraph in the Schleswig-Hoktein War, 1864 (' Who 's 
 Who,' 1901). 
 
 1881, October 31st (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Charles Me. ChAELES PaTEICK O'CoNOE. 
 
 O'Connor " ^^ consideration of his merit as a poet, and of his narrow 
 
 means of subsistence. 501." 
 
 Dr. Charles 
 Wells. 
 
 Samuel Raw- 
 son Gardiner. 
 
 Frederick 
 
 James 
 Fumivall. 
 
 Sir James 
 
 Augustus 
 
 Henry 
 
 Murray. 
 
 Sister of 
 Rawdon Lub- 
 bock Brown. 
 
 1882, August 16th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Me. Samuel Rawson Gaedinee. 
 
 " In recognition of his valuable contributions to the history 
 of England. 1501." 
 
 Born March 4th, 1829 (' Who's Who,' 1901). 
 Prof. Gardiner died February 23rd, 1902. 
 
 1884, Februaiy 9th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mr. Frederick James Furnivall. 
 
 " In recognition of his services to English philology and lite- 
 rature. 150?." 
 
 Bom February 4th, 1825 (' Who 's Who,' 1901). 
 
 1884, May 1st (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Me. James Atjousttis Heney Mueeay, LL.D. 
 
 " In consideration, and for the promotion, of his valuable 
 services to philology, especially in connexion with his work as 
 editor of the ' New English Dictionary.' 2501." 
 
 Knighthood conferred on King's Birthday, 1908. 
 
 1884, December 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Miss Emma Lubbock Brown. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to history by her 
 late brother, Mr. Rawdon Brown. 701." 
 
 Rawdon Lubbock Brown, 1803-83 (' D.N.B.,' vol. vii. p. 24). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 101 
 
 1885, August 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Rosina Jaite Eastwick. 
 
 "In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her 
 husband, the late Mr. E. B. Eastwick, C.B., M.P., F.R.S., in con- 
 nexion with Oriental hterature. 100?." 
 
 Edward Backhouse Eastwick, 1814-83 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xvi. 
 pp. 334-5). ^ 
 
 1887, January 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Me. Charles Kent. 
 
 " In recognition of the value of his contributions to biographical 
 and other literature. lOOl." 
 
 Born November 3rd, 1823; Edited The Sun, 1845-70; 
 Weekly Register, 1874-81 ; presented to the British Museum the 
 last letter of Charles Dickens and the &st of Edward, Lord Lytton 
 (' Who 'sWho,' 1901). 
 
 Mr. Kent died February 23rd, 1902, aged 78. 
 
 1887, September 27th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Mrs. Jessie Jefferies. 
 
 " In consideration of the Uterary attainments of her late hus- 
 band, Mr. Richard Jefferies, and of her destitute condition. 1001." 
 
 Richard Jefferies, 1848-87, author of ' The Gamekeeper at 
 Home,' ' The Life of the Fields,' and ' The Dewy Mom ' (' D.N.B.,' 
 vol. xxix. pp. 265-6). 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Miss Constance Fredeeica Gordon Cumming. 
 
 " In consideration of her merits as an author, and of her 
 destitute condition. 501." 
 
 See ' Enghsh Catalogue,' Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Mrs. Ceiriog Hxtghes. 
 
 " In recognition of the merits of her late husband, Mr. J. C. 
 Hughes, as a Welsh poet, and in consideration of her destitute 
 condition. 501." 
 
 John Ceiriog Hughes, 1832-87 ; born September 25th, 1832. 
 Between twenty-five and thirty thousand copies of his first volume 
 of poetry, ' Oriau'r Hwyr ' ('Evening Hours'), were sold. He 
 also wrote fifty songs for Brinley Richards's ' Songs of Wales ' 
 (London, 1873). He was the author of the original song for which 
 Brinley Richards wrote the tune ' God bless the Prince of Wales ' 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxviii. pp. 182-3). 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Edward 
 
 Backhouse 
 
 Eastwick. 
 
 Charles Kent. 
 
 Widow of 
 Richard 
 JefEeries. 
 
 Miss 
 
 Constance 
 
 Frederica 
 
 Gordon 
 
 Cumming. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 John Ceiriog 
 
 Hughes. 
 
102 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Daughter o£ MiSS LaUEA LiEBE BaRNES. 
 
 the Rev. W. " In consideration of the merits of her late father, the Rev. 
 
 arnes. ^ Barnes, as an author and hnguist, and on account of her destitute 
 condition. 501." 
 
 Rev. W. Barnes, 1820-86 ; author of ' Poems of Rural Life 
 in the Dorset Dialect.' 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Widow of MeS. AnNABELLA BaYNES. 
 
 Barn s^ " ^^ consideration of the eminence of her late husband. Prof. 
 
 T. S. Baynes, as an author and scholar, and of her destitute condi- 
 tion. 75Z." 
 
 Thomas Spencer Baynes ; born March 24th, 1823 ; editor of 
 the ninth edition of ' The Encvclopsedia Britannica ' ; was assistant 
 editor of The Daily News, 1857-64 ; died May 30th, 1887 (' Cham- 
 bers's Encyclopaedia,' vol. i. p. 809). 
 
 1890, January 15th (Marquis of SaUsbury.) 
 
 Daughter of MiSS ElLIN IsaBELLE TuPPER. 
 
 Tupper. " ^^ recognition of the services of her late father, Mr. Martin 
 
 F. Tupper, to literature, and in consideration of her inadequate 
 means of support. 751." 
 
 1810-89. ' Proverbial Philosophy ' was first published in 
 1838 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ivii. pp. 318-20). 
 
 1891, May 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 George Mr. GeORGE BarNETT SmITH. 
 
 Barnett • i • r i , i . 
 
 Smith. In consideration of his services to literature, and of his 
 
 inadequate means of support. 80^" 
 
 Born May 17th. 1841 ; author of ' Life of Gladstone,' ' Life 
 
 of John Bright,' and other works (' Who 's Who,' 1901). 
 
 1892, March 8th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Daughter of MrS. MarY GrAY GaRDEN. 
 
 Shepherd. " ^^ consideration of the hterary merits of her father, the late 
 
 James Hogg (Imown as the Ettrick Shepherd), and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 40Z." 
 
 Author of " Memorials of James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, 
 with preface by Prof. Veitch " (Alexander Gardner, 1885). 
 
 1892, June 20th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Widow of ^I^'^- Eleanor Freeman. 
 
 Prof. E. A, " In consideration of the eminence of her late husband, 
 
 Freeman. Prof. Edward Augustus Freeman, as an historian. lOOl. 
 AthenoBum obituary notice, March 19th, 1892. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 103 
 
 1892, August 15th (Marquis of Salisbury), 
 
 Mbs. Cashbl Hoey. 
 
 " In consideration of her literary merits, and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 501." 
 
 Born 1830 (Johnston). For works see ' English Catalogue.' 
 
 Mrs. Cashel Hoey died July 9th, 1908. 
 
 1893, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Me. John Gwenogfkyn Evaits. 
 
 " To enable him to continue his researches in Welsh literature. 
 2001." 
 
 1893, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mes. Feances E. Tegllope. 
 
 " In consideration of the Uterary merits of her husband, the 
 late Mr. Thomas Adolphus TroUope, and of her narrow means. 501." 
 
 Thomas Adolphus Trollope, eldest son of Frances Milton 
 Trollope, author of 'The Widow Bamaby ' (1838). Her works 
 reached 115 volumes, although she published nothing until she 
 was fifty-two. Her son Thomas Adolphus was born 1810 ; between 
 1840 and 1890 he published some sixty volumes ; he popularized 
 gossip about Italy ; died 1892 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ivii.). 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Me. T. H. S. Escott. 
 
 " In consideration of his merits as an author and journalist. 
 100?." 
 
 Succeeded John Morley as editor of The Fortnightly Review ; 
 leader writer for The Standard since 1866. For Ust of publications 
 see ' Who 's Who,' 1901. 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Miss Matilda Betham Edwaeds. 
 
 " In consideration of her literary merits. 501." 
 Poet, noveUst, and writer on French rural Ufe (' Who 's Who,' 
 1901). 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Mes. Kathaeine S. Macquoid. 
 
 "In consideration of her contributions to hterature. 501." 
 For list of works see ' Who 's Who,' 1901. 
 
 Mrs. Cashel 
 Hoey. 
 
 John 
 
 Gwenogfryn 
 
 Evans. 
 
 Widow of 
 Thomas 
 
 Adolphus 
 Trollope. 
 
 T.H.S. Escott. 
 
 Miss Matilda 
 
 £etbam 
 
 Edwards. 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Katharine S. 
 
 Macquoid. 
 
104 
 
 IfOTES B^ THE WAY. 
 
 Daughters of 
 the Bev. 
 Stephen 
 Hawker. 
 
 Sisters of 
 Walter Pater. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Philip Gilbert 
 
 Hamerton. 
 
 William 
 Watson. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 CharlesHenry 
 
 Pearson. 
 
 Mrs. 
 Elizabeth 
 Dickens, 
 widow of 
 Charles 
 Diokens the 
 younger. 
 
 -1894. June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Miss Rosalind Hawker and Miss Juliot Hawkek. 
 
 " In consideration of the Uterary merits of their late father, 
 the Rev. Stephen Hawker. 501." 
 
 Rev. Robert Stephen Hawker ; bom December 3rd, 1803 ; 
 died August 15th, 1875 (' Chambers's Biographical Dictionary '). 
 
 1895, January 8th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Miss Hestee Pater and Miss Clara Pater, 
 
 " In consideration of the literary merits of their late brother, 
 Mr. Walter Pater. 100?." 
 
 Walter Pater ; born August 4th, 1839 ; educated at King's 
 School, Canterbury ; first Avrote for The Westminster Review, 
 January, 1857 ; obituary notice in The Athenceum, August 4th, 1894. 
 
 1895, January 26th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 
 Mrs. Marie Eugenie Hamerton. 
 
 " In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, 
 Mr. P. G. Hamerton. lOOZ." 
 
 Philip Gilbert Hamerton ; born September 10th, 1834 ; died 
 November 6th, 1894. See ' Chambers's Biographical Dictionary.' 
 
 1895, February 26th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 
 Mr. William Watson. 
 
 " In consideration of the merit of his poetical works. lOOZ." 
 Born August 2nd, 1858 ; first verses appeared in The Liverpool 
 
 Argus, 1875 ; collected poems pubhshed 1898 (' Who 's Who,' 1901). 
 
 1895, May 16th (Eari of Rosebery). 
 Mrs. Edith L. Pearson. 
 
 " In consideration of the Uterary merits of her late husband, 
 Mr. Charles Henry Pearson. lOOl." 
 
 Charles Henry Pearson (1830-94), Colonial Minister and 
 historian. He prophesied the Yellow Peril (' D.N.B.,' vol. xhv.). 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Dickens. 
 
 " In consideration of the Uterary eminence of the late Mr. 
 Charles Dickens, and of the straitened circumstances in which she 
 has been left by the death of her husband, Mr. Charles Dickens, 
 
 Jun. im." 
 
 Mrs. Dickens died on the 18th of April, 1907. 
 ' D.N.B.,' vol. XV. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 106 
 
 Widow of 
 Anthony 
 TroUope. 
 
 Miss Janet 
 
 Mary 
 Oliphant. 
 
 William 
 Ernest 
 Henley. 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbafy). 
 Mes. Rose Trollope. 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished literary merits of her 
 husband, the late Mr. Anthony Trollope, and of her straitened 
 circumstances. 1001." 
 
 Anthony TroUope, 1815-82 ('D.N.B.,' vol. Ivii. ; 'Auto- 
 biography,' 2 vols., pubhshed 1883; and 'What I Remember,' 
 by T. A. TroUope, 1887). 
 
 1897, December 15th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Miss Janet Mary Oliphant. 
 
 " In consideration of the hterary eminence of the late Mrs. 
 OUphant. 751." 
 
 Margaret OUphant (nie Wilson) ; bom 1828 ; died at Wimble- 
 don, June 25th, 1897. Athenceum, July 3rd, 1897, and ' Chambers's 
 Biographical Dictionary.' 
 
 1898, AprU 29th (Marquis of SaHsbury). 
 Mr. WniUAM Ernest Henley. 
 
 " In recognition of his literary merits, and of his inadequate 
 means of support. 2251." 
 
 Born August 23rd, 1849 ; editor of the National Observer, 
 1888-93 ; The New Review, 1893-8 (' Chambers's Dictionary ' and 
 'Who's Who,' 1901). 
 
 Mr. Henley died July 11th, 1903. 
 
 '898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 The Rev. Canon Daniel Silvan Evans. 
 
 " In recognition of his labours on the ' Welsh Dictionary,' and 
 of his services to Welsh literature generally. lOOZ." 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Miss Eliza Paton Hill Burton. Daughter of 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to Uterature by her Dr.^ohn Hill 
 late father. Dr. John Hill Burton, especiaUy in connexion with the " -^ - 
 history of Scotland. 65Z." 
 
 John Hill Burton, 1809-81. " His beginnings were humble, 
 and most that he wrote cannot now be identified." For a time was 
 editor of The Scotsman, and committed that journal to the support 
 of Free Trade (' D.N.B.,' vol. viii. pp. 10-12). 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Maria Margaret Kingseord. 
 
 " In consideration of the literary services of her late husband. 
 Dr. WiUiam Kingsford, the Canadian historian. 1001." 
 
 Canon Silvan 
 Evans. 
 
 Burton. 
 
 Widow of 
 Dr. William 
 Kingsford. 
 
106 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Widow of Col. Mrs. Maeian Chaelotte Malleson. 
 Malleson. i i_ j /-i i 
 
 In recognition of the eminence of her late husband, Cx)i. 
 
 George Bruce Malleson, as an Indian and miUtary historian. 1001." 
 
 Col. George Bruce Malleson ; bom May 8th, 1825 ; edited 
 Calcutta Review, 1864-9 (' Chambers's Dictionary '). 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 John Payne. Mb. JohN PayNE. 
 
 " In recognition of his Uterary work, especially in connexion 
 with Oriental literature. lOOi." 
 
 1899, August 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 AlfredAustiu. Me. AlFEED AtTSTIN. 
 
 " As Poet Laureate. 200Z." 
 
 Bom at Headingley, Leeds, May 30th, 1835 (' Who 's Who,' 
 
 1901). 
 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Herman Me. HbEMAN ChAELES MeEIVALE. 
 Charle.s 
 Merivale. " In consideration of his literary work and of his straitened 
 
 circumstances. 125?." 
 
 Bom 1839 ; editor of AnnvMl Register, 1870-80 (' Who 's Who, 
 1901). 
 
 Mr. Merivale died January 14th, 1906, aged 66. 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Dr. John De. JoHN MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " In consideration of his historical ^vritings and researches. 501." 
 See ' EngUsh Catalogue.' 
 
 1901, Febraary 13th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 -VYid^^ of Mes. Emily Teaill. 
 
 ■ ■ ■^''^"^- " In consideration of the hterary merits of her late husband, 
 
 Mr. Henry Du£E Traill. 151." 
 
 Henry Duff Traill, 1842-1900. For the two and a half years 
 previous to his death was editor of Literature {Athenceum, February 
 24th, 1900). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 107 
 
 SCIENCE. 
 1854, January 3rd (Earl of Aberdeen). 
 Miss Makqaret Chbistina MACGrLuvBAY. 
 
 " Daughter of the late Dr. MacgiUivray. In consideration 
 of her late father's contributions to the service of natural history, 
 and the destitute condition in which she was placed at his decease. 
 80?." 
 
 William Maksgillivray's (1796-1852) first published note was 
 on the occurrence of a walrus on the shore of Lewis in December, 
 1817 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxiv.). 
 
 1858, Februray 15th (Lord Palmerston.) 
 
 Miss Fanny Cbbs swell Paris. 
 
 " In consideration of the scientific acquirements of her father, 
 the late Dr. Paris, the benefits he conferred by his addition to the 
 knowledge of geology, and of her present scanty means. 1501." 
 
 1858, October 4th (Earl of Derby). 
 Miss Janet Archer. 
 
 " In consideration of the valuable contribution of her late 
 father to the science of photography. 50Z." 
 
 Frederick Scott Archer, 1813-57 ; inventor of the collodion 
 process ; first account published in The Chemist, March, 1851 
 ('D.N.B.,'volii.). 
 
 1860, January 16th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Mtss Clarinda Labdner (sister of Dr. Dionysius Lardner). 
 
 " In consideration of her late brother's labours in the cause 
 of science, and of her scanty means. 1251." 
 
 Dionysius Lardner, 1793-1859 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxii.). 
 
 1861, April 19th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Anne Henfbey. 
 
 " On account of her husband the late Prof. Henfrey's contribu- 
 tions to anatomical and physiological botany. 501." 
 
 Arthur Henfrey, 1819-59 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxv.). 
 
 1862, June 19th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Miss Mabib Josephtnb Baly (now Fauvel). 
 
 " In consideration of the late Dr. Baly's long career in the public 
 service, and of the merit of the scientific medical works of which 
 he was the author. lOOZ." 
 
 WiUiam Baly, M.D., 1814^61 (' D.N.B.,' vol. iii.). 
 
 Science; 
 
 Daughter of 
 Dr. 
 
 MacgiUivray, 
 
 Daughter of 
 Dr. Paris. 
 
 Daughter of 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Scott Archer, 
 
 Sister of 
 Dr. Lardner. 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. Henfrey, 
 
 Miss Marie 
 
 Josephine 
 
 Baly, 
 
108 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Miss Jessie 
 
 Wilson 
 (now) Sime. 
 
 Miss Jane 
 
 Barnard, 
 
 niece of 
 
 Prof. Faraday 
 
 Widow of 
 Sir David 
 Brewster. 
 
 Widow of 
 John Curtis. 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. Baden- 
 Powell. 
 
 Widow of 
 J. A. Broun, 
 
 Alfred Russel 
 Wallace. 
 
 1862, June 19th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Miss Jessie Wilson (now Sime). 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services of the late Prof. 
 George Wilson, of Edinburgh, as a public teacher and a scientific 
 man. 1001." 
 
 George Wilson, 1818-59 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ixii.). 
 
 1868, February 14th (Earl of Derby). 
 Miss Jane Baknabd. 
 
 " Niece of the late Prof. Faraday. In consideration of the 
 services rendered by him to chemical science. 1501." 
 Michael Faraday, 1791-1867 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xviii.). 
 
 1868, March 31st (Benjamin Disraeh). 
 
 Lady Brewster. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services rendered to science 
 by her late husband. Sir David Brewster. 2001." 
 
 Sir David Brewster, 1781-1868 (' D.N.B.,' vol. vi.). 
 
 1869, AprH 5th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mrs. Matilda Curtis. 
 
 " In consideration of the scientific attainments of her late 
 husband, Mr. John Curtis, and of the merit of his works on ento- 
 mology. 901." 
 
 Author of ' British Entomology,' Lovell Reeve, 1862 ; ' British 
 Beetles,' BeU, 1863 ; ' Farm Insects,' Van Voorst, 1883 (Sonnen- 
 schein's ' Best Books '). 
 
 1870, April 12th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Lady Henrietta Grace Baden-Powell. 
 
 " In consideration of the valuable services to science rendered 
 by her husband during the thirty-three years he held the SaviHan 
 Professorship of Geometry and Astronomy at Oxford. 1501." 
 
 1880, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte M. J. Broun. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to science by her 
 husband, the late Mr. J. A. Broun, F.R.S. 751." 
 
 1881, February 5th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace. 
 
 " In recognition of his eminence as a natuarUst. 2001." 
 Sonnenschein's ' Best Books.' 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 109 
 
 1888, June 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mes. Katharine Stewart. Widow of 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered to science by her ^™^"„^^J.^°"'^ 
 late husband, Prof. BaKour Stewart, and of her destitute condition. °"°' 
 
 501." 
 
 Balfour Stewart, 1828-87 (' D.N.B.,' vol. liv.). 
 
 1888, February 11th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Mrs. Sallie Duffield Proctor (now Smith). 
 
 " In consideration of the service rendered to the cause of 
 science by her late husband, Mr. R. A. Proctor, B.A., and of her 
 inadequate means of support. lOOL" 
 
 Richard Anthony Proctor, 1837-88 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xlvi.). 
 
 Stewart. 
 
 Widow of 
 Bichard 
 Anthony 
 Proctor. 
 
 1888, March 3rd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Blanche Gertexjde Guthrie. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminence of her late husband. Prof. 
 F. Guthrie, F.R.S., as a physicist, and of her inadequate means of 
 support. 501." 
 
 Frederick Guthrie, 1833-86. In 1870 he discovered the 
 remarkable phenomenon of " approach caused by vibration " 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxiii.). 
 
 1890, March 11th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Sir William Httggins, K.C.B., LL.D. 
 
 " In recognition of his services to science, and in consideration 
 of his inadequate means of support. 150L" 
 
 Born 1824, K.C.B. 1897, President Royal Society 1900-1 
 ('Who's Who '1901). 
 
 1890, May 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Jane Eleanor Wood. 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her late husband, the Rev. 
 J. G. Wood, to natural history, and in consideration of her inade- 
 quate means of support. 501." 
 
 Sonnenschein's ' The Best Books.' 
 
 1890, May 24th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Miss Rose Embrica Berkeley, Miss Margaret Annabel 
 
 Berkeley, Miss Charlotte Seuna Margaret Berkeley, 
 
 and Miss Ritth Ellen Berkeley. 
 
 " In recognition of their late father's (the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, 
 F.R.S.) services to botany, and in consideration of their inadequate 
 means of support. 801." 
 
 Sonnenschein's ' The Best Books.' 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. P. 
 Guthrie. 
 
 Dr. William 
 Huggins. 
 
 Widow of Rev. 
 J. G. Wood. 
 
 Daughters of 
 Rev. M. J. 
 Berkeley. 
 
110 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Dr. Philip 
 
 Herbert 
 
 Carpenter. 
 
 Dr. George 
 Gore. 
 
 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Caroline Emma Carpenter. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered by her late husband, 
 Dr. PhUip Herbert Carpenter, F.R.S., to science, and of the sad 
 circumstances in which she has been left by his death. lOOZ." 
 
 Rev. Philip Herbert Carpenter, bom at Bristol 1819. Died 
 at Montreal 24th of May, 1877. Bought a vast collection of fourteen 
 tons of shells in Liverpool for 501., 1855. A full report on these 
 occupies 209 pages of the British Association Report for 1856 
 (' Modern Enghsh Biography,' by F. Boase, 1892). 
 
 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Dr. George Gore, F.R.S. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to chemical and physical 
 science. 1501." 
 
 Bom 1826 at Bristol ; entirely self-educated after the age of 
 twelve ; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1865 ; LL.D. of 
 Edinburgh, 1877 ; chief subjects electro-chemistry, electro-metal- 
 lugy, and chemistry (' Men and Women of the Time '). 
 
 1892, June 20th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Jeanie Gwynne Bettany (now Kernahan). 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to the spread of 
 scientific knowledge by the numerous writiags of her husband, 
 the late Mr. G. T. Bettany, M.A., and of her destitute condition. 
 501." 
 
 The AthencBum, December 5th, 1891 ; Sonnenschein's ' The 
 Best Books.' 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 
 JohnBeattie Mr. JoHN BeATTIE CrOZIER. 
 Crozier. 
 
 In consideration of his philosophical writings and researches. 
 501." 
 
 1898, April 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Second grant. 501. 
 Sonnenschein's ' The Best Books.' 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 
 .„S2™"6\ Mr. Samuel Alfred Varley. 
 AlireoVarley. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to electrical science. 501." 
 
 1896, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Second grant. 501, 
 
 Widow of 
 G. T. Bettany 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. Ill 
 
 1895, June 18th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Mr. Alexander Bain. », a 
 
 <i T -J i- r 1 • . Alexander 
 
 in consideration of his services m the promotion of mental Bain, 
 and moral science. 1001." 
 
 Bom 1818 at Aberdeen ; filled Chair of Logic there 1860 to 
 1881 (' Chambers's Biographical Dictionary '). 
 
 1895, August 9th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta Anne Huxley. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services of her late husband, ^'°^' ""^'^^ 
 the Right Hon. Thomas Henry Huxley, to science, hterature, 
 and education. 200?." 
 
 Thomas Henry Huxley ; born May 4th, 1825 ; died June 29th, 
 1895 (AthencBum, July 6th, 1895). 
 
 1896, February 6th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mr. James Hammond. James 
 
 " In recognition of his merits as a mathematician. 120?." 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 1896, March 5th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mr. Oliver Heaviside. 
 
 " In consideration of his work in connexion with the theory 
 of electricity. 120Z." 
 
 Oliver 
 Heaviside. 
 
 1896, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Fanny Hind. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the services of the late Dr. John Russell Bussell Hind. 
 Hind, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac Office, 
 to the science of astronomy, ^0l." 
 
 John Russell Hind ; born May 12th, 1823 ; studied astronomy 
 from the age of six ; President of Royal Society, 1880 (' Men of the 
 Time '). 
 
 1896, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Miss Frances Elizabeth Dobson, Miss Mary Dobson, and Sisters of 
 Miss Julia Dobson. Major Dobson 
 
 " In recognition of the important services rendered by their 
 brother, the late Surgeon-Major George Edward Dobson, M.A., 
 F.R.S., to zoological science. 75?." 
 
 George Edward Dobson ; born September 4th, 1844 (' Men of 
 the Time '). 
 
112 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Rev. William 
 
 Houghton. 
 
 Augustus 
 Henry Keane. 
 
 Dr.Chatterton 
 Coupland. 
 
 Widow of 
 Dr. Alfred 
 Kanthack. 
 
 Thomas 
 Whittaker. 
 
 Kobert 
 Tucker. 
 
 Widow of 
 Dr. R. Cory. 
 
 Fine Arts. 
 
 Mrs. Jane 
 
 Pugin. 
 
 Mbs. Maegabet Anne Houghton. 
 
 " In consideration of the literary and scientific work of her 
 husband, the late Rev. WiUiam Houghton. 50Z." 
 Sonnenschein's ' The Best Books.' 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of SaUsbury), 
 Me. Augustus Heney Keane, F.R.G.S. 
 
 " In consideration of his labours in the field of ethnology. oOZ." 
 
 1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 De. William Chatterton Coupland. 
 
 " In consideration of his labours as a writer upon philosophical 
 subjects. 501." 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mes. Lucie Kanthack. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services rendered to science 
 by her late husband. Dr. Alfred A. Kanthack, Professor of Pathology 
 in Cambridge University. 601." 
 
 1899, August 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Me. Thomas Whittakee. 
 
 " In consideration of his philosophical writings. 50Z." 
 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mr. Robert Tucker. 
 
 " In consideration of his services in promoting the study of 
 mathematics. 401." 
 
 1901, February 13th. 
 
 Mrs. Augusta Maby Feedebica Coey. 
 
 " In recognition of the self-devotion of her late husband, 
 Dr. Robert Cory, who ruined his health by a medical experiment 
 made in the public interest. lOOZ." 
 
 FINE ARTS. 
 1852, September 2nd (Earl of Derby). 
 Mes. Jane Pugin. 
 
 " Wife of Welby Pugin, Esq. In consideration of her husband's 
 eminence as an architect, and the distressed situation in which his 
 family are placed, from his inabihty, in consequence of illness, 
 to pursue his profession. 100?." 
 
 For Pugin biographies see ' D.N.B.,' vol. xlvii. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 113 
 
 1868, November 17th (Benjamin Disraeli). 
 
 Mrs. Ellen Thomas. 
 
 " In consideration of the attainments of her late husband, 
 Mr. George H. Thomas, as an artist. lOOZ." 
 
 George Housman Thomas, 1824-68 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ivi.). 
 
 1875, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mrs. Frances Philip. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to art by her late 
 husband, John Bimie PhiUp, the sculptor. lOOl." 
 
 John Bimie Philip, 1824-75 {' D.N.B.,' vol. xlv.). 
 
 1877, March 10th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mrs. Frances Mary Noble. 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered to art by her husband, 
 the late Mr. Matthew Noble, sculptor. 1501." 
 
 Matthew Noble, 1818-76 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xU.). 
 
 1877, June 13th (Earl of Beaconsfield.) 
 Miss Mary Ann Parris. 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered to art by her father, 
 the late Mr. Edmund Thomas Parris. lOOZ." 
 
 Edmund Thomas Parris, 1793-1873 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xhii.). 
 
 1878, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mrs. Harriet Agnes Wornum. 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her late husband, Mr. Ralph 
 Nicholas Wornum, Keeper and Secretary of the National Gallery, 
 author of various works of art. lOOl." 
 
 Ralph N. Wornum, 1812-77 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ixiii.). 
 
 1879, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mrs. Henrietta Mary Ada Ward. 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered to art by her late 
 husband, Edward Matthew Ward, R.A. 100?." 
 
 Edward Matthew Ward, 1816-79, historical painter (' D.N.B.,' 
 vol. hx.). 
 
 1880, March 16th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mtss Millicbnt Flora Louisa MacLeay. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to art by her father, 
 the late Mr. Kenneth MacLeay, a life visitor of the Royal 
 Scottish Academy. lOOl." 
 
 Kenneth MacLeay the younger, 1802-78. 
 
 Widow of 
 G.H.Thomas. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 J. Bimie 
 
 Philip. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Matthew 
 
 Noble. 
 
 Daughter of 
 Edmund 
 T. Parris. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Ralph 
 Nicholas 
 Wornum. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 B. M. Ward, 
 
 E.A. 
 
 Daughter of 
 Kenneth 
 MacLeay. 
 
114 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1884, December 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Grand- Miss Chaelotte Raebubn and Miss Caeoline J. Raebuen. 
 
 Sir Henry " In consideration of the merit of their grandfather, Sir Henry 
 
 Raeburn. Raebum, as an artist. 801." 
 
 1885, September 16th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Sister of MiSS ADELINE AmY LeECH. 
 
 " In consideration of the merits of her brother, the late Mr. 
 John Leech, as an artist, 251." 
 
 John Leech, 1817-64 (' D.N.B.,' vol. ixxii.). 
 
 1887, November 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Second grant. 101. 
 
 1892, August 23rd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Third grant. 351. 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Eugenia ^j^_ EuGENIA MoiEA. 
 Moira. 
 
 " In recognition of the eminence of her late husband as a minia- 
 ture painter, and of her destitute condition. 251." 
 
 1889, March 5th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Widow of Mrs. Maeia Jane Geaves. 
 
 Graves. " In consideration of the services of her late husband, the Rev. 
 
 James Graves, to archseology and to the early history of Ireland, 
 and of her inadequate means of support. 501." 
 
 The Rev. James Graves died on the 20th of March, 1886. 
 Short notice by Dr. Creighton {Athenomm March 27th, 1886). 
 
 1889, March 5th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Daughters of jyjjgg ELIZABETH Geeteude Biech and Miss Juliana Feahces 
 
 Dr. S. Biroh. -g^^^^_ 
 
 " In consideration of the services of their late father. Dr. 
 S. Birch, as an archaeologist, and of their destitute condition. lOOl." 
 Dr. Samuel Birch, 1813-85 (AthencBum, January 2nd, 1886). 
 
 1889, April 16th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 w. Cave Me. W. Cave Thomas. 
 
 " On account of his personal service to the Royal Family, 
 and in consideration of his services to art, and of his destitute 
 condition. 501." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 115 
 
 1890, May 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta Elizabeth Wood. Widow of 
 
 " In recognition of the labours of her late husband, Mr. J. T. '^" ^- ^°°'^- 
 Wood, at Ephesus, of his services to archaeology, and in considera- 
 tion of her inadequate means of support. 151." 
 
 John Turtle Wood (1821-90) pubhshed 'Discoveries at Ephesus,' 
 1877 {Athenceum, AprU 5th, 1890). 
 
 1891, May 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Clara Margaret Redfern. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. Eedfem! 
 James Redfem, sculptor, to art, and of her inadequate means of 
 support. 1001." 
 
 James Erank Redfem, 1838-76 (Redgrave's 'Dictionary 
 of Painters': 'D.N.B.,' vol. xlvii.). 
 
 1891, June 10th (Marquis of Sahsbury). ; ! 
 
 Mr. Harrison Weir. 
 
 " In recognition of his merits as an artist, and in consideration 
 of his inadequate means of support. 100?." 
 Bom May 5th, 1824 (' Men of the Time '). 
 
 Mr. Harrison Weir died January 4th, 1906, aged 77. 
 
 1892, November 29th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mr. Robert Brown, Jun. Robert 
 
 " In consideration of his merits as a student of archaeology. ' ■'"°' 
 
 100?." ^^ 
 
 ' The Unicom : a Mythological Investigation,' Longman, 
 1882 (Sonnenschein's ' The Best Books '). 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Miss May Martha Mason and Mrs. Mary Caroline Florence Daughters of 
 Wood. George Mason 
 
 " In recognition of the originaUty and merit of the work 
 of their father, the late Mr. George Mason, in painting. 601." 
 George Heming Mason, 1818-72 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxvi.). 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Hannah Maria Bates. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the merits of her late husband, Mr. Harry ^^jj ^ ^^' 
 Bates, A.R. A,, as a sculptor. 601." 
 
 h2 
 
Gleeson 
 White. 
 
 116 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Edward jJb_ EdWAED DaLZIBL. 
 Dalziel. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to wood engraving and the 
 art of illustration. 100/!." 
 
 Mr. Dalziel died March 25th, 1905. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Widow of Mrs. Annie Matilda Gleeson White. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to art by her late 
 husband, Mr. Joseph Gleeson White. 351." 
 
 A catalogue of books from the library of Gleeson White, 
 together with a bibhography, and a tribute to his memory by Prof. 
 York Powell, of Christ Church, Oxford, with portrait, was published 
 by A. Lionel Isaacs, 1899. 
 
 1899, August 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Daughters of MiSS MJURGTJEEITA HOGAN, MiSS KaTE HoGAN, and MeS. StTSAN 
 John Hogan. MacSwINEY. 
 
 " In consideration of the merits of their late father, Mr. John 
 Hoaan, as a sculptor, and of their inadequate means of support. 
 99L'' 
 
 John Hogan, 1800-58. A portrait of him appeared in The 
 Dublin University Magazine in 1850 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxvii.). 
 
 1900, March 13th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Widow of Mrs. Euphemia Hill Maoallum. 
 
 Mao^llurn " ^^ Consideration of the merits of her late husband, Mr. 
 
 Hamilton Macallum, as a painter, and of her inadequate means 
 of support. lOOZ." 
 
 ' English School of Painting,' by Ernest Chesneau (Cassell, 
 1885). 
 
 1901, February 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Widow of Mrs. Haeribtta Louisa Stevenson. 
 
 Stevenson " ^^ consideration of the eminence of her late husband, Mr. 
 
 Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson, as an art critic. 100?." 
 
 Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson (1847-1900), cousm of Robert 
 Louis Stevenson. His great work was a monograph on the art 
 of Velasquez (Athenceum, April 21st, 1900). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 117 
 
 DRAMA. 
 
 1854, January 3rd (Earl of Aberdeen). 
 
 Miss Mama Teresa Kenney (now Leceosnieb). 
 
 " Daughter of the late James Kenney, Esq. In consideration 
 of his literary talent. 40Z." 
 
 James Kenney (1780-1849), dramatist, was born in Ireland. 
 He was a frequent guest at Samuel Rogers's breakfasts, and in 
 1822 he entertained Charles Lamb and his sister at Versailles. 
 He was the author of ' Sweethearts and Wives.' He married 
 Louisa, daughter of Louis Sebastian Mercier, the French critic, 
 and received the pension which is now continued to the daughter 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxi. p. 8). 
 
 1890, May 24th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Mks. Cakoline Blanohaed. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. 
 Edward L. Blanchard, to dramatic literature, of her own work 
 with regard to colonial emigration, and of her inadequate means 
 of support. 50Z." 
 
 Edward Laman Blanchard, 1820-89 {Athenceum, September 7th, 
 1889). 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 1880, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mes. Anne Jane Sampson and Miss Julia Goss. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of their father, the late Sir 
 John Goss. 60Z. jointly." 
 
 Sir John Goss (1800-80) succeeded Attwood as organist of 
 St. Paul's in 1838 ; retired in 1872 with the honour of knighthood ; 
 composed " If we beheve " for the funeral of the Duke of Wellington, 
 and " The Lord is my strength " for the Thanksgiving service in 
 1872 on the recovery of the Prince of Wales (' CasseU's Biographical 
 Dictionary '). 
 
 1895, May 16th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Lady Stewabt. 
 
 "In consideration of the services of her late husband. Sir 
 Robert Stewart, in the cultivation of music in Ireland. 50Z." 
 
 Sir Robert Stewart (1825-94), conductor of the University 
 of Dublin Choral Society and also of the Dublin Philharmonic. 
 He did much for the cause of good music. Sir Robert obtamed 
 many prizes for glees, a branch of his art in which he displayed 
 marked ability. 
 
 Drama. 
 
 Daughter o£ 
 
 James 
 
 Kenney. 
 
 Widow of 
 E. Laman 
 Blanchard. 
 
 1901, July 13. 
 Music. 
 
 Daughters of 
 
 Sir John 
 
 Goss. 
 
 LadyStewart. 
 
118 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Madame 
 
 Louisa Bodda 
 
 Pyne. 
 
 1901, July 13. 1896, March 31st (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Madame Lothsa Bodda-Pyne. 
 
 " In consideration of her eminence as a singer and of her 
 services to EngUsh opera. 70?." 
 
 Bom 1832 ; pupil of Sir George Smart ; first appearance 
 1842 (' Men and Women of the Time '). 
 
 Madame Bodda-Pyne died March 20th, 1904. 
 
 1896, March 31st (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 LadyBarnby. LaDY BaBNBY. 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her late husband. Sir Joseph 
 Barnby, as a choral conductor and composer of choral music. 101." 
 
 " The most gifted member of a musical family " {AthencBum, 
 February 1st, 1896). 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Mbs. Maria Gaebett. 
 
 " In recognition of the merits of her husband, the late Dr. 
 George Garrett, as a composer of Church music. 501." 
 
 Dr. George Garrett (1834^97), organist and composer of an 
 oratorio ' The Shunammite,' various cantatas, and much Church 
 music, a branch to which he specially devoted himself. Organist 
 of Madras Cathedral 1854-6. 
 
 Mrs. Maria 
 Garrett. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Mary 
 
 Ellen 
 Robinson. 
 
 Mbs. 
 
 Education. 
 
 Mrs. W. 
 
 Eiiphemia 
 
 Simpson 
 
 (now Smith). 
 
 Mary Ellen Robinson. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to music in Ireland 
 by her late husband, Mr. Joseph Robiason, and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 40Z." 
 
 Joseph Robinson, born 1816. In 1834 he founded the Antient 
 Society at Dublin, of which he was conductor for twenty-nine 
 years. Mendelssohn's ' EUjah" was performed there the year 
 after its production at Birmingham. It was for Robinson that 
 Mendelssohn scored his ' Hear my Prayer,' which originally had 
 only organ accompaniment. From 1837 to 1847 he was conductor 
 of the University Choral Society. He wrote songs and anthems, 
 and arranged Irish melodies. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 1854, January 3rd (Earl of Aberdeen). 
 
 Miss W. EuPHEMiA Simpson (now Smith). 
 
 " Daughter of the late Mr. James Simpson. In consideration 
 of his eminent services in the cause of education and the distressed 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 119 
 
 circumstances in which, owing to the expenditure of his own means 
 in furtherance of this object, his family are left at his decease. lOOL" 
 James Simpson, 1781-1853, knew Sir Walter Scott, and 
 criticized ' Waverley ' before its publication (' D.N.B.,' vol. Hi.). 
 
 1880, January 26th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Miss Maky Ann Sydney Ttjenbe. Ann Sydney 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered by her father, the Turner. 
 late Very Rev. Sydney Turner, as Inspector of Reformatories and 
 Industrial Schools. 751." 
 
 1881, February 5th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mrs. Mabia Rodgees. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, the Rev. 
 John Rodgers, in the cause of pubUc elementary education. 751." 
 
 1882, August 16th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Emma Robinson. 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her husband, the late Canon 
 Robinson, in the cause of public education. 801." 
 
 Mrs. Maria 
 Eodgers. 
 
 Mrs. Emma 
 Robinson. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Woodhouse 
 
 Levin. 
 
 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Mb. Thomas Woodhouse Levin. 
 
 " In consideration of the services he has rendered to education 
 and philosophy and mental science, of his bhndness, and of his 
 inadequate means of support. 501." 
 
 Examiner and teacher of Moral Science at Cambridge ; ' Six 
 Lectures on Cicero,' Cambridge, Deighton (Sonnenschein's ' Best 
 Books '). 
 
 1892, June 20th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Miss Letitia Marian Cole, Miss Henrietta Lindsay Cole, and ^^^^shters^of 
 Miss Rose Owen Cole. 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered by the late Sir Henry 
 Cole to the cause of artistic and scientific education. 30Z. each." 
 
 Sir Henry Cole, 1808-82 (Athenceum, April 22nd, 1882 ; ' Fifty 
 Years of Public Work,' 2 vols., 1884 ; ' D.N.B.,' vol. xi.). 
 
 Sir Henry 
 Cole. 
 
 Mr, 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Archibald Hamilton Beyce, D.C.L. 
 
 Archibald 
 Hamilton 
 
 "In recognition of his services in the cause of secondary Bryce. 
 education in Scotland. 501." 
 
120 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Daughters of Miss Adela Claba Schmitz and Miss Lesta Thbokoea Schmitz. 
 Dr. Leonhard a j^ consideration of the services of their late father, Dr. 
 
 ° ™' ^' Leonhard Schmitz, to classical education and learning, and of their 
 inadequate means of support. 251. each." 
 
 Dr. Leonhard Schmitz, 1807-90 (' Chambers's Biographical 
 Dictionary ' ; AthencBum, June 7th, 1890). 
 
 1898, June 9th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Daughters of Migs Jai^e Kate Wallis and Miss Eos a Wailis. 
 eorge a is ,, j^ consideration of the services of their late father, Mr. 
 
 George WalUs, -to artistic education, and of their inadequate means 
 of support. 25?. each." 
 
 Biblical BIBLICAL SCHOLARSHIP. 
 
 Scholarship. ^^^^ ^ October 4th (Lord John RusseU). 
 
 Miss Margaret MiSS MaEGAEET PaKKER ChALMBRS. 
 
 Chalmers. " Daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Chalmers. In consideration 
 
 of his piety, eloquence, and learning. 251." 
 
 Thomas Chalmers, D.D., 1780-1847, was the sixth of fourteen 
 children. At the parish school was " one of the idlest, strongest, 
 merriest, and most generous-hearted boys." Pure geometry had 
 a strong attraction for him from childhood, but he desired to be a 
 minister of the Gospel, and wrote the article on ' Christianity ' for 
 ' The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.' He preached in London with 
 a^ great an effect as in Glasgow. Wilberforce wrote in his diary : 
 " All the world wUd about Chalmers " (' D.N.B.,' vol. ix.). 
 
 1868, February 14th (Earl of Derby), 
 
 Daughters of jyjgS FeROOZA KiTTO (now QuENNELL), MiSS HeLEN RhODA ICiTTO 
 
 *^°^pp'"°' (now Fearnside), and Miss Frances Edith Tracy Kitto 
 
 (now Peray). 
 " In consideration of the services of their father, the late 
 John Kitto, D.D., as a critical and theological writer. lOOZ." 
 
 Kitto's ' Cyclopsedia of Biblical Literature,' 3 vols. (Sonnen- 
 schein's ' Best Books '). 
 
 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 
 Daughters of MiSS FRANCES EmILY ScRIVENER, MiSS EdITH AgNES SCRIVENEE, 
 
 Eey. F. H. A. and Miss Clara Anne Scrivener. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminence of their father, the late 
 Rev. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, as a Biblical scholar, 
 and of their inadequate means of support. 251. each." 
 
 Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, 1813-91 (' D.N.B.,' h.). 
 
 Scrivener. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 121 
 
 1895, January 8th (Earl of Rosebery), 
 
 Dk. ChEISTIAN GinSBUBG. Dr. Christian 
 
 " In recognition of the value of his researches into Biblical "' 
 
 and Hebrew literature. 150?." 
 
 Born at Warsaw, 1830 ; Rabbinical scholar ; came early to 
 England (' Chambers's Biographical Dictionary ' ; Sonnenschein's 
 ' Best Books '). 
 
 1897, April 10th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Miss Beateice Hatch, Miss Ethel Hatch, and Miss Evelyn 
 
 Hatch. Daughters of 
 
 " In consideration of the services of their father, the late Rev. Hatch. 
 
 Edwin Hatch, in connexion with ecclesiastical history. 30Z. each." 
 Edwin Hatch (1855-89) ; at Oxford he moved in a stimulating 
 
 society of which Edward Burne-Jones, WilUam Morris, and Mr. 
 
 Swinburne were prominent members (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxv.). 
 
 1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 The Rev. De. John Cunningham Geikie. 
 
 " In recognition of his services to theological Uterature. 60Z." „ 'P'"- , 
 
 & ^ Cunningham 
 
 ' The EngUsh Reformation : How it Came About,' 1883 ; Geikie. 
 ' Entering on Life : a Book for Young Men,' 1884 ; ' The Holy 
 Land,' Cassell, 1887-8; 'Lite of Christ,' &c. (Sonnenschein's 
 ' Best Books '). 
 
 Dr. Geikie died April 7th, 1906. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Maby Matilda Taylee and Mrs. Maecia Louisa Tyndale. ^^^f^^^l^^^^ 
 
 " In consideration of the merits of their late father, Dr. AKred Edersheim. 
 Edersheim, as a theologian and Biblical critic. 251. each." 
 
 Soimenschein's ' Best Books.' 
 
 SCHOLARSHIP. Scholarship. 
 
 1853, March 23rd (Earl of Aberdeen). 
 Miss Maegaeet Dunbae, Miss Baebaea Geace Dunbae, and Daughters of 
 Miss Catheeine Dunbae. ^'°^- D^bar. 
 
 " In consideration of Prof. Dunbar's services as Professor of 
 Greek Literature for many years in the University of Edinburgh, 
 and the destitute condition to which his family have been reduced 
 by his death. 151." 
 
 George Dunbar (1774-1851), employed m youth as a gardener, 
 assistant of Andrew Dalziel, the Professor of Greek at Edmburgh 
 University. On Dalziel's death, 1806, Dunbar was appomted his 
 successor, and filled the chair until his death on December 6th, 
 1851 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xvi. p. 153). 
 
122 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. Boole 
 
 1865, June 19th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Mbs. Maey Boole. 
 
 " Widow of the late Professor of Mathematics in Queen's 
 College, Cork. In consideration of her late husband's distinguished 
 attainments as an original mathematician of the highest order, and 
 of his remarkable labours towards the extension of the boundaries 
 of science. lOOl." 
 
 George Boole (1815-64), mathematician and logician ; engaged 
 in teaching from the age of sixteen, at twenty opened a school on 
 his own account ; 1849, appointed to the Mathematical Chair in 
 the newly formed Queen's College at Cork. His principal pro- 
 ductions were in the province of pure mathematics. " It is, 
 however, to his ' Laws of Thought ' (1854), a work of astonishing 
 originaUty and power, that his most durable fame will attach" 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. v.). 
 
 Danghter of 
 Dr. Petrie. 
 
 1867, June 19th (Earl of Derby). 
 Miss Julia Petbie. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services rendered by her 
 late father. Dr. Petrie, to archaeological science, both as an author 
 and as a public servant. 100?." 
 
 George Petrie (1789-1866) was attached to the Ordnance Survey 
 of Ireland ; author of ' Essay on Round Towers ' (' Chambers's 
 Dictionary '). 
 
 Daughter of 
 
 Dr. Edward 
 
 Hincks. 
 
 1868, February 14th (Earl of Derby). 
 
 Miss Eliza Hincks, Miss Anna Feances Hincks, and Miss 
 BiRTHiA Hincks. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of their father, the late 
 Edward Hincks, D.D., as an Oriental scholar. 1001." 
 
 Edward Hincks, D.D. (1792-1866), born at Cork, August 19th ; 
 obtained Dubhn Gold Medal, 1811. Dr. Brugsch has placed on 
 record his opinion that Hincks was the first to employ the true 
 method of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxvi. 
 pp. 438-9). 
 
 Widow of 
 Dr. Bleek. 
 
 1877, June 13th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 
 Mrs. Jemima Chablottb Bleek. 
 
 " In recognition of the literary services of her late husband 
 Dr. Bleek, Keeper of the Grey Library at Cape Town, a distinguished 
 linguist and African scholar. lOOl." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 123 
 
 Wilhelm Heinrich Bleek, born at Berlin March 8th, 1827 ; 
 died August 17th, 1875. In 1855 he joined Bishop Colenso in Natal, 
 and devoted himself to the study of the language and habits of the 
 Kaffirs. Bleek's books remain the first sources on the subject of 
 African philology (' D.N.B.,' vol. v. p. 209). 
 
 1880, October 13th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mes. Sophia Lttcy Jane Cliffobd. widow of 
 
 Prof. W. K. 
 " In recognition of the eminent mathematical attainments of ciifEord. 
 
 her late husband, Prof. CiifEord. 80Z." 
 
 WilHam Kingdon CUfford (1845-79). In 1870 he joined the 
 
 EngUsh eclipse expedition, and was wrecked in the Psyche off 
 
 Catania ; Professor of AppUed Mathematics, University CoUege, 
 
 1871 ; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1874. " As a mathematician," 
 
 Prof. Karl Pearson says, "Clifford may be regarded as 
 
 marking an epoch in the history of this science in England " 
 
 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xi.). 
 
 1883, January 29th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Alma Haas. Widow of 
 
 Dr. Haas. 
 " In recognition of the position of her late husband. Dr. Haas, 
 
 as an Oriental scholar, and of his important services in the British 
 
 Museum. 80Z." 
 
 Ernst Haas (1835-82). Athenceum obituary notice July 15th, 
 
 1882, signed R. Rost. 
 
 1887, September 27th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Miss Feances Tulloch, Miss Blanche Tulloch, and Miss Amy Daughters of 
 
 TULLOCH. ^^^."^"^u^ 
 
 Tulloch. 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished services of their late 
 father, the Very Reverend Principal Tulloch, of St. Andrews Uni- 
 versity, in connexion with theology, philosophy, and hterature, 
 and of their destitute condition. 251. each." 
 
 John Tulloch, 1823-86 (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ivii. p. 307). 
 
 1889, March 5th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mbs. Eliza Shairp. Prof ^Sha°ir 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered by her late husband. 
 
 Prof. Shairp, to literature, and of her inadequate means of support, 
 
 501." 
 
 ' D.N.B.,' vol. li. 
 
124 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Dr. C. A. M. 
 
 Fennell. 
 
 Dr. James 
 
 Hutoheson 
 
 Stirling. 
 
 Daughter of 
 Rev. R. 
 
 Sliilleto. 
 
 Sisters of 
 
 Dr. Thomas 
 
 Maguire. 
 
 1889, March 5th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Dk. C. a. M. Fennell. 
 
 " In consideration of his eminence as a classical and philological 
 scholar, of his services to literature, and of his inadequate means 
 of support. 501." 
 
 1889, May 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 De. James Htjtcheson Stieling. 
 
 " In recognition of his services to philosophy and literature, 
 and in consideration of his inadequate means of support. 601." 
 
 1890, April 30th (Marquis of SaHsbury). 
 Miss Catherine Seolleto. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminence of her late father, the Rev. 
 R. Shilleto, as a classical scholar and teacher, and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 501." 
 
 Richard Shilleto ( 1 809-76) . Both he and his son Arthur ( 1 848- 
 1894) were frequent contributors to ' N. & Q.' (' D.N.B.,' vol. hi.). 
 
 1890, May 24th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Miss Eliza Maguieb and Miss Maey Maguiee. 
 
 " In recognition of the eminence of their late brother, Dr. 
 Thomas Maguire, of Trinity College, Dublin, as a classical scholar, 
 and in consideration of their inadequate means of support. 251. 
 each." 
 
 Thomas Maguire (1831-89), first Roman Catholic Fellow of 
 Trinity College, Dubhn. Although no active pohtician, he took 
 some part in the transfer to The Times of the " Pigott " letters, 
 which were published in that paper in a series of articles called 
 ' Pamellism and Crime,' in 1887. He was a thorough idealist in 
 philosophy, Plato and Berkeley being his chosen masters (' D.N.B.,' 
 
 vol. XXXV.). 
 
 1891, January 6th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Widow of "^^s. Ellen Davies. 
 
 Prof. J. F. " In recognition of the services of her late husband. Prof. 
 
 Davies. James P. Davies, M.A., to classical literature, and in consideration 
 of her inadequate means of support. 100?." 
 
 1891, April 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Daughters of Miss Kate Sullivan (now Scott) and Miss FiNOLA Sullivan. 
 r. u ivan. <i j^^ recognition of the services of their late father, Dr. SuUivan, 
 
 President of Queen's College, Cork, to literature, and of his labours 
 in developing the industrial resources of Ireland, and in considera- 
 tion also of their inadequate means of support., 251. each." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 125 
 
 1891, May 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Db. Richard Fkancis Weymouth. 
 
 " In recognition of his services to literature, his merits as a 
 scholar, and in consideration of his inadequate means of support. 
 1001." 
 
 Author of ' Devon Words ' in Philological Society's Trans- 
 actions, 1854 ; ' On Early EngHsh Pronunciation,' 1874 (Sonnen- 
 schein's ' Best Books '). 
 
 Dr. Weymouth died on December 27th, 1902. 
 
 1892, June 20th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Mb. Henby Dunning Macleod, M.A. 
 
 " In consideration of his labours as a writer upon economical 
 subjects. 1001" 
 
 Author of ' Elements of Banking,' ' Lectures on Credit and . 
 Banking,' ' The Theory and Practice of Banking ' (Sonnenschein's 
 ' Best Books '). 
 
 1892, June 20th (Marquis of SaUsbury.) 
 Mr. Henry Beadley. 
 
 " In consideration of his labours in connexion with the ' New 
 English Dictionary.' 150L" 
 
 Joint editor of the ' Oxford English Dictionary ' since 1889. 
 Born 1845 (' Who 's Who,' 1901). 
 
 1892, November 29th (W. E. Gladstone', 
 Miss Lucy Maey Jane Garnett. 
 
 " In recognition of her Hterary merits, and to enable her to 
 prosecute her researches in Oriental folk-lore. 1001." 
 
 Author of ' Women of Turkey and their Folk-lore ' (Nutt.) 
 
 1893, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Tn^RiiSE Wolstenholme (now Vansittaet). 
 
 " In consideration of the merits of her husband, the late Eev. 
 Joseph Wolstenholme, as a mathematician, and of her straitened 
 circumstances. 501." 
 
 Author of ' Mathematical Problems ' (MacmiUan). 
 
 1894, January 16th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Peof. T. W. Rhys Davids. 
 
 " In recognition of his merits as a student of Oriental hterature. 
 200?." 
 
 Bom 1843 ; Secretary Royal Asiatic Society ; Professor of Pali 
 and Buddhist Literature, University College, London, 1882 ; 
 Hibbert Lectures, 18S1 ; American Lectures, 1896 (' Who 's Who,' 
 1901). 
 
 Dr. Eicbard 
 
 . Francis 
 Weymouth. 
 
 Henry 
 Dunning 
 Macleocl. 
 
 Henry 
 Bradley. 
 
 Miss Lucy 
 
 Mary Jane 
 
 Garnett. 
 
 Widow of 
 Rev. Joseph 
 Wolsten- 
 holme. 
 
 Prof. T. W. 
 Rhys Davids. 
 
126 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 Rev. T. 
 Mozley. 
 
 Eev. 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Widow of Sir 
 J. R. Seeley. 
 
 George 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Nicholl. 
 
 J. S. Stuart 
 Glennie. 
 
 Rev. Sir G. W. 
 Cox. 
 
 1894, January 16th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mes. Elizabeth Baker Mozley. 
 
 " In recognition of the literary merits of her late husband, the 
 Rev. Thomas Mozley. 751." 
 
 Thomas Mozley, 1806-93 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxix.). 
 
 1894, January 16th (W. E. Galdstone). 
 Rev. Wentwokth Webster. 
 
 " In consideration of his researches into the language, literature, 
 and archaeology of the Basques. 1501." 
 
 ' Basque Legends ' (Sonnenschein's ' Best Books '). 
 
 1895, May 16th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Lady Seeley. 
 
 " In consideration of the hterary merits of her late husband, 
 Sir J. R. Seeley, K.C.M.G., Regius Professor of Modern History in 
 the University of Cambridge. 1001." 
 
 Sir John Robert Seeley (1834-95), third son of Robert Benton 
 Seeley, publisher. Among his contemporaries at Christ's were 
 Calverley, Walter Besant, Skeat, and Peile. In 1859 he pubUshed, 
 under the pseudonym of John Robertson, his first book, a volume 
 of poems ; in 1865, ' Ecce Homo ' (' D.N.B.,' vol. li). 
 
 1895, June 18th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 
 Mr. George Frederick Nicholl. 
 
 " In consideration of his merits as an Oriental scholar. 151." 
 ' Who 's Who,' 1901. 
 
 1896, May 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mr. J. S. Stuart Glennie. 
 
 " In consideration of his labours in connexion with early 
 history and historical theory. lOOZ." 
 
 Author of ' Essay on Arthurian Localities ' in Wheatley's 
 edition of Merhn (Early EngUsh Text Society, Triibner, 1869) ; 
 ' Classification of Folk-lore,' reprinted in Garnett's ' Greek Folk- 
 Songs ' (Sonnenschein's ' Best Books '). 
 
 1896, May 18th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 The Rev. Sm George William Cox. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to classical and historical 
 learning, especially in connexion with the history of Greece. 120i." 
 
 Born 1827. ' Tales of Ancient Greece,' 1868 ; ' Aryan Mytho- 
 logy,' 1870 ; ' History of Greece,' 1874-7 ; ' Comparative Mytho- 
 logy and Folk-lore,' &c. (' Who 's Who,' 1901). 
 
 Sir George Cox died February 11th, 1902. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 127 
 
 1896, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Miss Haitnah Elizabeth Moeeis, Miss Helen Fbances Mobeis, Daughters of 
 and Miss Gertkude Moeris. R^^- Richard 
 
 J J Morris. 
 
 In recognition of the merits of their father, the late Eev. 
 Richard Morris, as a student of early English literature and philo- 
 logy. 251. each." 
 
 Dr. Richard Morris. ' Alliterative Poems in West Midland 
 Dialect of Fourteenth Century,' about 1360 (Sonnenschein's ' Best 
 Books '). 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 De. Eeancis Steingass. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to Oriental scholarship in 
 England. 501." 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 " In addition to the pension of 501. granted to him in 1897, 
 in consideration of his services to Oriental scholarship in England 
 
 ' Student's Arabic-English Dictionary ' (Sonnenschein's ' Best 
 Books '). 
 
 1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mes. Janet Wallace. 
 
 " In recognition of the philosophical labours of her husband, 
 the late Whyte's Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University 
 of Oxford. 50/." 
 
 William Wallace (1844-97), son of a house-builder. As a 
 professor he had great influence upon many generations of students 
 of philosophy at Oxford; In his lectures, which were without notes, 
 he aimed not so much at the detailed exposition of philosophical 
 systems as at exciting thought in his hearers. Killed by a bicycle 
 accident (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ux.). 
 
 1898, April 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Fanny Palmee. 
 
 " In consideration of the services to classical scholarship of 
 her late husband. Prof. Arthur Palmer and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 1001." 
 
 1898, July 26th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Me. Joseph Wright, D.C.L. 
 
 " In consideration and for the promotion of his services to 
 philology, especially in connexion with his services as editor of the 
 ' English Dialect Dictionary.' 200/." 
 
 Dr. Francis 
 Steingass. 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. W. 
 Wallace. 
 
 Widow of 
 Prof. Palmer 
 
 Dr. Joseph 
 Wright. 
 
128 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Daughters of Miss Emma CAROLINE Aemsteong and Miss JxJLiA Agnbs Aem- 
 
 Dr. Archibald STRONG. 
 
 Armstrong. 
 
 " Jointly and to the survivor of them. In consideration of 
 the labours of their late father, Dr. Robert Archibald Arrastrong, 
 the Gaelic lexicographer, and of their destitute condition. 251." 
 
 1899, August 18th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Benjamin Mr. BeNJAMIN HaREISON. 
 
 " In consideration of his researches on the subject of pre- 
 historic flint implements. 261." 
 
 1900, March 21st (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Robert Drew Mr. EGBERT DrEVT HiCKS. 
 Hioks. 
 
 " In consideration of his services to classical scholarship and 
 
 of the failure of his sight. 1251." 
 
 Teacher at Trinity College, Cambridge ; known on the Con- 
 tinent as well as in England for his work on Aristotle. 
 
 Explorers. 
 Daughter of 
 John Lander. 
 
 EXPLORATION. 
 
 1858, February 15th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Miss Mary H. L. Lander. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent services of her father, the 
 late Mr. John Lander, who died from the effects of the cUmate whilst 
 exploring the River Niger, and of the straitened circumstances in 
 which she was placed at his decease. 50^" 
 
 John Lander (1807-39), African traveller ; was by trade a 
 printer ; died at thirty-two from a malady contracted in Africa 
 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxxii.). 
 
 Widow of 
 General 
 
 Ohesney. 
 
 1872, December 20th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Louisa Chbsney. 
 
 " Widow of the late General Chesney. In consideration of the 
 services of her late husband in connexion ■wdth the Euphrates 
 Expedition in 1835. 100/." 
 
 Francis Rawdon Chesney, 1789-1872, the explorer of the 
 Euphrates, and founder of the Overland Route to India. It was 
 on the strength of Chesney's report that De Lesseps, by his own 
 frank admission, was first led to attempt the great enterprise of 
 the Suez Canal (' D.N.B.,' vol. x.). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 129 
 
 1873, December 26th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Lady Constance M'Cltire. Widow of 
 
 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Vice- M'Ciure. 
 Admiral Sir Kobert J. L. M'Ciure, in the exploration of the Arctic 
 regions, &c. lOOl." 
 
 Sir Robert John Le Mesurier M'Ciure, 1807-73 (' D.N.B.,' 
 
 vol. XXXV.). 
 
 1874, March 17th (Benjamin DisraeU). 
 
 )N) and Miss J 
 
 Livingstone. 
 
 Miss Anna Mary Livingstone (now Mes. Wilson) and Miss Daughters of 
 Agnes Livingstone (now Mrs. Beuce). . David 
 
 " In recognition of the value of their father's geographical 
 discoveries in Central Africa. 501. each." 
 
 David Livingstone, 1813-73 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxiii.). 
 
 1890, March 4th (Marquis of SaHsbury). 
 
 Mrs. Kate J. Livingstone. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered by her late father- 
 in-law, Dr. David Livingstone, the African explorer, and of her 
 inadequate means of support. 501.'" 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Mrs. Amy Cameron. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to geographical Cameron* 
 science by her late husband, Capt. Verney Lovett Cameron, R.N., 
 C.B. 50;." 
 
 Verney Lovett Cameron (1844-94) took part in the Abyssinian 
 Expedition. In 1872 appointed to an expedition to reUeve Living- 
 stone ; met Livingstone's followers bearing his remains to the 
 coast (' Chambers's Biographical Dictionary '). 
 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Miss Emily Victoria Biscoe. Daughter of 
 
 Capt. John 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered to Antarctic ex- Biscoe. 
 ploration by her late father, Capt. John Biscoe, and of her inade- 
 quate means of support. 301." 
 
 The Southern Continent was discovered by Capt. John Biscoe 
 on the 27th of February, 1831, and named by him Enderby Land, 
 after the gentleman who had equipped him for the voyage. He also 
 discovered Graham's Land on February 15th, 1832 (' Haydn's 
 Dictionary of Dates '). 
 
130 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Public 
 Service 
 (naval). 
 
 Daughter of 
 
 Admiral 
 
 Hoste. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE (NAVAL). 
 
 1856, March 4th (Lord Palmerston). 
 
 Psyche Rose Elizabeth Hoste. 
 
 " Daughter of the late Admiral Sir William Hoste. In con- 
 sideration of the naval services of her father, and her own destitute 
 and infirm condition. 50Z." 
 
 Sir WiUiam Hoste, 1780-1828 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxvii.). 
 
 1873, March 1st (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Widow of Mrs. Frederick Louisa Knowlbs (now Cawse). 
 
 KiMTwles. " Ii^ consideration of the heroic conduct of her late husband, 
 
 Capt. Knowles, on the occasion of the loss of the Northfleet. 501." 
 
 The Northfleet lost off Dungeness on the 22nd of January, 
 1873, with three hundred Uves. 
 
 Widovf of 
 
 Major Neild. 
 
 1887, July 28th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Mary L. Neild. 
 
 " In consideration of the death of her husband. Major NeUd, 
 R.M., from the efiects of a wound received while on duty at Charles- 
 town, and of her destitute condition. lOOZ." 
 
 Daughters of 
 Admiral 
 Hewett. 
 
 1888, October 25th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 
 Miss Evelyn Lucy Hewett (now Brougham) and Miss Jane 
 Hewett (now Laing). 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished naval services of their 
 late father. Admiral Sir W. N. W. Hewett, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., and 
 of their destitute condition. 151. each." 
 
 WiUiam Nathan Wrighte Hewett (1834-88), son of Dr. Hewett, 
 physician to WiUiam IV., was in command of a Lancaster gun before 
 Sebastopol ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxvi.). 
 
 Public 
 
 Service 
 
 (military). 
 
 Daughter of 
 General 
 Cathcart. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE (MILITARY). 
 
 1856, March 4th (Lord Palmerston). 
 
 Jane Cathoart and Emily Sarah Cathoart. 
 
 " The two eldest daughters of the late Lieut.-General Sir George 
 Cathcart. In consideration of the distinguished services of their 
 father, and his death on the field of battle when in command of ft 
 division of Her Majesty's forces, 100^ each," 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 131 
 
 1857, January 8tli (Lord Palmerston). 
 Anne Cathcart. 
 
 " In consideration of the eminent military services of her father 
 the late Lieut.-General Sir George Cathcart, K.C.B., who was killed 
 at the battle of Inkerman, and of the narrow pecuniary means in 
 which his family have been left. lOOl." 
 
 Sir George Cathcart (1794-1854). Crimean War ; killed at 
 Inkerman. Tablet to his memory in St. Paul's (' D.N.B.,' vol. ix.). 
 
 1858, December 6th (Earl of Derby). 
 
 Mrs. Feances Martha Agnes Simmons (now Mayer). Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the miUtary and literary services of her Simmons, 
 hxisband, the late Capt. Simmons, and also of the eminent military 
 services of her sons, two of whom lost their lives in action, and 
 two of whom died from illness contracted in the execution of their 
 duties. 75?." 
 
 1864, June 18th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Hon. Lady Inglis. Hon. Lady 
 
 " As an acknowledgment of the brilliant services of the late 
 Sir J. Inglis during the Indian Mutiny, especially the gallant 
 defence of Lucknow, services to which may partly be attributed 
 his early death. 5001." 
 
 Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, 1814-62 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxix.). 
 
 1872, March 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Caroline Mary Stopford, Daughters of 
 
 "Widow of Major George Montagu Stopford, of the Royal Marshal sir J. 
 Engineers. In consideration of the distinguished military services Burgoyne. 
 of her father, Field-Marshal Sir J. Burgoyne. 1501." 
 
 John Fox Burgoyne, 1782-1871 (' D.N.B.,' vol. vii.). 
 
 1872, March 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Miss Selina Henrietta Burgoyne. 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished miHtary services of her 
 father, Field-Marshal Sir J. Burgoyne. 151." 
 
 1877, June 13th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Second grant. 
 
 " In addition to the pension of 75Z. a year granted in con- 
 sideration of the distinguished military services of her late father, 
 Field-Marshal Sir John Bxirgoyne. 751." 
 
 I a 
 
132 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Widow of 
 Lieut. 
 
 Melvill. 
 
 1878, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 
 Widow of Mrs. Elizabeth Smith. 
 
 ° Smith °°° " ^^ recognition of the gallant, long, and meritorious services 
 
 of her late husband, Col. Thomas Laurence Smith, C.B., brother of 
 General Sir Harry Smith, G.C.B. 1001." 
 
 ' D.N.B.,. vol. hii. 
 
 1879, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Mbs. Saeah Elizabeth Melvux. 
 
 " In recognition of the heroic conduct of her late husband, Lieut, 
 and Adjutant Melvill, in saving the colours of the 24th Regiment on 
 the field of Isandlana. 100?." 
 
 British camp surprised and attacked by 15,000 Zuliis. Lieuts. 
 Melvill and Coghill perished while preserving the colours (' Haydn's 
 Dictionary '). 
 
 1880, October 13th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Widow of Mes. Laura Armstrong. 
 
 General 
 Armstrong. " In Consideration of the military services of her late husband 
 
 Lieut.-General James Wells Armstrong, C.B. 801." 
 
 1883, June 20th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Widow of Lady Pallisee. 
 
 Palliser. " In recognition of the valuable services of her late husband, 
 
 Sir WiUiam PaUiser, in the improvement of the manufactua-e of 
 projectiles and rifled ordnance. 150i." 
 
 1887, May 2l8t (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Second grant. 1501. 
 
 Sir William PaUiser, 1830-82, inventor of PaUiser shot 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xUii.). 
 
 1885, April 8th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mother and MrS. MaRION HaMILL StEWART. 
 
 CoT. Hamill " ^^ recognition of the valuable services rendered by her son, 
 
 Stewart. the late Col. HamUl Stewart, in the defence of Khartoum. 200?." 
 
 1885, AprU 8th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Miss Harriet Louisa Hamill Stewart and Miss Ada Lbtitia 
 Hamill Stewart. 
 " In recognition of the valuable services rendered by their 
 brother, the late Col. HamiU Stewart, in the defence of Khartoum. 
 1002. each." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 133 
 
 1885, June 16th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Miss Angela Maby Powbk (now O'Reilly), Miss Feances 
 Uesula Mary Power, and Miss Mabel Alice Mary Power. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of their brother, the late 
 Mr. Frank Power, in connexion with the defence of Khartoum. 
 501. each." 
 
 • Sisters of 
 Frank Power. 
 
 Daughter of 
 General 
 Barnard. 
 
 Sister of Col. 
 Maodonald. 
 
 Governors. 
 
 1890, January 15th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Miss Rosamond Barnard. 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished services of her late 
 father, Major-General Sir H. W. Barnard, K.C.B., and of her in- 
 adequate means of support. 151." 
 
 Sir Henry WiUiam Barnard (1799-1857). Crimea, 1854; 
 Indian Mutiny, 1857 ; died of cholera on the 5th of July, eleven 
 weeks before the fall of Delhi (' D.N.B.,' vol. iii.). 
 
 1891, April 14th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Miss Annie Cosnahan Maodonald. 
 
 " In consideration of the army services of her late brother, 
 Lieut.-Col. A. J. Macdonald, of her old age, and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 501." 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE (GOVERNORS). 
 1845, June Uth (Sir Robert Peel). 
 Clara Maria Susanna Lowe. Daughter of 
 
 " Daughter of the late General Sir Hudson Lowe. In con- Lowe. 
 sideration of the services of her father, and her own destitute con- 
 dition. 501." 
 
 Sir Hudson Lowe (1760-1844), Governor of St. Helena from 
 1815 to 1821. One of his first acts upon his arrival waa, upon his 
 own responsibihty, to raise the amount allowed by the Government 
 for Napoleon's estabhshment at Longwood from 8,000Z. to 12,000^. 
 per annum. The Lowe papers are now in the British Museum 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxiv.). 
 
 1873, August 7th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta Jemima Kbate. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the long and excellent service of her ^- ^- ^eate. 
 husband, G. W. Keate, Esq., who died at Cape Coast Castle when 
 Governor in Chief of the West African Settlements. 501." 
 
134 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1882, June 28th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Widowof J.F. Mrs. Alice Callaghak. 
 
 "In recognition of the excellent pubUc service of her late 
 husband, Mr. J. F. CaUaghan, C.M.G., Governor of the Bahamas, 
 and of her narrow circumstances. 50Z." 
 
 Governor 1879-81. 
 
 1885, December 5th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Widow of Sir LadY GlOVBR. 
 
 John Glover. .,.,.,, ,.. 
 
 In consideration of the long and meritorious services rendered 
 
 by her husband, the late Sir John Hawley Glover, G.C.M.G. 1001." 
 Sir John Hawley Glover, 1829-85 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxii.). Enghsh 
 Colonial statesman ; Governor of Lagos in 1862 ; Special Com- 
 missioner to the Gold Coast, 1873 ; Governor of Newfoundland. 
 
 Widow of 
 Governor 
 Pinkett. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Governor 
 
 Barkly. 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Kate Pinkett. 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her late husband as Crown 
 Solicitor, Chief Justice, and Acting Governor of Sierra Leone, 
 and of her destitute condition. 50^" 
 
 1890, November 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Fanny Alexander Barkly. 
 
 " In recognition of her late husband's services as Governor 
 of HeUgoland, and in consideration of her inadequate means of 
 support. 50Z." 
 
 A. C. S. Barkly, Governor, November, 1888. Hehgoland ceded 
 to Germany June 18th, 1890 ; given up by Mr. Barkly to the new 
 Governor August 9th (' Haydn's Dictionary of Dates '). 
 
 1897, February 11th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Widow of Sir LaDY BrOOME. 
 
 . roome. ii j^^ consideration of the pubhc services of her late husband. 
 
 Sir F. N. Broome, K.C.M.G., especially as Governor of Western 
 AustraUa, and of her own literary merits. 100^" 
 Sir Frederick Napier Broome, Governor 1882-9. 
 
 1897, AprU 10th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Widow of Sir Lady ThURSTON. 
 John Bates " jjj recognition of the distinguished services of her husband, 
 
 ihurston. ^^^ j^^g g.j, j^^^ gg^^gg Thurston, K.C.M.G., as Governor of Fiji 
 and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. 150/." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 135 
 
 Sir John Bates Thurston (1836-97). In addition to this 
 pension the Government of Fiji granted a pension of 501. a year to 
 each of his five children during their minority (' D.N.B.,' vol. Ivi.). 
 
 1898, April 29th (Marquis of SaUsbury). 
 Miss Ltjoy Brandford Griffith, Miss Emily Beandford Daughters of 
 Griffith, Miss Dora Brandford Griffith, and Miss SirW.Brand- 
 Elizabbth Brandford Griffith. ford Griffith. 
 
 " In consideration of the pubhc services of their late father. 
 Sir W. Brandford Griffith, formerly Governor of the Gold Coast 
 Colony, and of their straitened circumstances. 251. each." 
 
 Governor from 1886 to end of 1894. 
 
 1898, April 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Lady Maxwell. Widow of sir 
 
 " In consideration of the distinguished services of her husband. Maxwell. 
 the late Sir William E. Maxwell, as Governor of the Gold Coast 
 Colony, 1001." 
 
 Governor 1895 ; died at sea, December, 1897 (' Haydn's Dic- 
 tionary of Dates '). 
 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Lady BaBKLY. Widow of Sir 
 
 " In recognition of the public services of her late husband, 
 Sir Henry Barkly, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., as Governor of five British 
 Colonies in succession. 151." 
 
 Sir Henry Barkly ; 1855, M.P. for Leominster ; " firm sup- 
 porter of Sir R. Peel's commercial policy " ; in 1849 Governor of 
 Biritish Guiana ; Governor of Jamaica, 1853-6 ; then Governor of 
 Victoria, 1863 ; Mauritius, 1870 ; Cape of Good Hope till 
 December, 1876 (' Men of the Time '). 
 
 BRITISH RESIDENT AT THE COURT OF PERAK. British 
 
 Resident. 
 1875, December 30th (Benjamin Disraeli). 
 
 Miss Florence Ebuly Sophia BmcH, Me. Arthur Birch, and Children of 
 Mtss Constance Alice Birch. Birch^' 
 
 " In recognition of the services of their father, the late 
 Mr. J. W. W. Birch, British Resident at the Court of Perak, and 
 in consideration of the sad circumstances in which they are placed 
 by his untimely death. 751. each." 
 
 Mr. J. W. W. Birch issued a proclamation November 1st, 1875, 
 and was suddenly attacked and killed on the following day 
 (' Haydn's Dictionary of Dates '). 
 
136 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Ambassador. 
 
 Daughters of 
 Lord Strat- 
 ford de 
 Redcliffe. 
 
 Consuls. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Commander 
 
 Moncrieff. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Dr. T. J. 
 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 AMBASSADOR. 
 
 1880, October 13th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 HoK. Louisa Chaelotte Canning and Hon. Mary Elizabeth 
 Canning, with the benefit of survivorship. 
 
 " In consideration of the long and most distinguished public 
 service of the late Lord Stratford de Redcliffe. 5001." 
 
 Lord Stratford de Redcliffe was born in Clement's Lane on 
 November 4th, 1786 ; he was first cousin of George Canning, the 
 Minister. While ambassador at Constantinople he obtained the 
 firman which authorized him to send Layard to Nineveh at his 
 own personal expense, and he presented the fruits of the famous 
 excavations to the British Museum. He opened the way to the 
 explorations at Budrum in 1846, and presented the frieze to the 
 British Museum. When Turkey was in sore straits, he observed 
 the foundations being laid of a new summer palace, and ordered 
 the boatman to row straight to the Sultan, and a few minutes' 
 conversation ended in stopping the works. When Mohammed 
 Aly Psisha, the Minister for the Navy and brother-in-law of the 
 Sultan, had wantonly murdered a Greek concubine, he refused to 
 receive the ruffian, with the message, " TeU the Sultan that an 
 English ambassador can never admit to his presence a cruel assassin," 
 and the minister had to be dismissed (' D.N.B.,' vol. viii.). 
 
 Lord Stratford de RedchfEe died on the 14th of August, 1880, 
 when the viscounty became extinct. 
 
 CONSULS. 
 
 1884, January 30th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Mbs. Marie Antoinette Monceieff. 
 
 " In consideration of the narrow circumstances in which she 
 has been left on the death of her husband. Commander L. N. 
 Moncrieff, R.N., who was killed in the discharge of his duties as 
 Her Majesty's Consul at Suakim. 1001." 
 
 1885, August 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Second grant. 301. 
 
 Mes, 
 
 1887, September 27th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Maey Hutchinson. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. 
 Thomas J. Hutchinson, M.D., of Her Majesty's Consular Service, 
 and of his hterary attainments. 201." 
 
 Thomas Joseph Hutchinson, 1820-85 (' Cassell's Biographical 
 Dictionary '), Consul in South America ; wrote on the Niger, Peru, 
 and Brittany (Sonnenschein's ' Best Books '). 
 
■ NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 137 
 
 Widow of 
 William 
 GifEord 
 
 Palgrave. 
 
 1889, January 23rd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Katherinb P. Palgkavb. 
 
 "In consideration of the literary services of her late husband, 
 of his long service in trying climates, and of her inadequate means 
 of support. 501." 
 
 William Gifiord Palgrave, 1826-88, Arabic scholar, was 
 employed by the Government in Abyssinia. His chief work is 
 ' Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern 
 Arabia.' In 1880 Consul-General in Siam. He was a brother of 
 Sir Reginald Palgrave, author of ' CromweU ' and other works ' 
 (' CasseU's Biographical Dictionary '). 
 
 1895, May 16th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Lady Hamilton. Widow of Sir 
 
 T> rj p 
 
 " In consideration of the public services of her late husband, Hamilton 
 Sir R. G. C. Hamilton, K.C.B. 150?." 
 
 he succeeded Mr. Burke in 
 
 Sir R. G. 0. Hamilton (1830-95) 
 Ireland as Under-Secretary. 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 
 Lady Alabaster. Widow of Sir 
 
 " In consideration of the public services of her late husband Alaba°ster 
 Sir Chaloner Alabaster, K.C.M.G., formerly Consul-General at 
 Canton. lOOl." 
 
 1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Louisa Mary Rawsqn-Walker. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. 
 Edward Henry Rawson- Walker, Consul at Manila, and in view 
 of the special circumstances which led to his decease. lOOZ." 
 
 1900, February 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. Caaolla McMaster. 
 
 " In consideration of the murder of her late husband, Mr. 
 Joseph Edward McMaster, while in discharge of his duties as Her 
 Majesty's Consul at Beira. lOOL" 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE (CIVIL). 
 
 1856, November 15th (Lord Palmerston). 
 
 Mrs. Jane Margaret Backhouse (now Jeudwine). 
 
 " In consideration of the distressed circumstances in which 
 she has been left at the death of her husband, Mr. George Canning 
 Backhouse, who was murdered while discharging the duties of 
 Her Majesty's Commissary Judge at Havannah. lOOL" 
 
 Widow of 
 Edward 
 Eawson- 
 Walker. 
 
 Widow of 
 Joseph 
 Edward 
 
 McMaster. 
 
 Civil. 
 
 Widow of 
 
 George 
 
 Canning 
 
 Backhouse. 
 
138 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1856, November 29th (Lord Palmerston). 
 Daughter of Fa2?ny Annb Hay (now Anderson). 
 
 ^^" " In consideration of the long and faithful services of her father 
 
 in the Admiralty departments, and of the straitened circumstances 
 in which she is now placed. 501." 
 
 1866, July 9th (Earl Russell). 
 Daughters of Mes. Attgusta Mary Ann Dblves Bboughton and Miss Susan 
 
 George ChBISTINB ArBTTTHNOT. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 In consideration of the long and distinguished services of 
 their late father, Mr. George Arbuthnot, as an officer of the Treasury. 
 100/." 
 
 George Arbuthnot (1802-65) ; served in the Treasury from 
 the 18th of July, 1820, until his death, 28th of July, 1865. In 
 February, 1843, he was Sir Robert Peel's private secretary 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. ii.). 
 
 1868, June 19th (Benjamin Disraeli). 
 
 Miss Maria MiSS MaJBIA StJSAN RyE. 
 
 ye. „ j^ consideration of her services to the public in promoting, 
 
 by emigration and otherwise, the amehoration of the condition 
 of working women. 70Z." 
 
 Hon. secretary for twenty-seven years of the Society for 
 Promoting Emigration of Children to Canada. 
 
 1869, April 5th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Widow of Mrs. Caroline McKbnna. 
 
 McKenna. " 1° consideration of the legal services of her late husband, 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah McKenna. 80/." 
 
 1870, February 19th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Widow of Mrs. Charlotte J. Thompson. 
 
 Thurston 
 
 Thompson. In consideration of the labours of her late husband, Mr. 
 
 Thurston Thompson, as Official Photographer to the Science and 
 Art Department, and of his personal services to the late Prince 
 Consort, 40/." 
 
 1870, June 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Dai^lijers of MiSS MARGARET CATHERINE FpENNELL, MiSS ELIZABETH MaBK 
 
 "'""" Ffennell, and Mrs. Charlotte Carlisle, formerly 
 
 Ffennell, wife of Capt. Thomas Carlisle, jointly, and to 
 the survivors or survivor of them. 
 
 William 
 
 Joshua 
 
 Ffennell. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 139 
 
 " In recognition of the labours of their father in connexion 
 with the salmon fisheries of the United Kingdom. 301." 
 
 Same date. 
 
 Second grant. 101. each. 
 
 The ' D.N.B.' states that he was born 1799, died 1867. He 
 was a fishery reformer, and brought about the Fisheries Acts of 
 1842 and 1845, and Ffennell's Act, 1848. 
 
 1871, April 24th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Winifbede Mary Wyse. Niece of 
 
 " In consideration of the diplomatic services of her uncle, Wyse. 
 Sir Thomas Wyse, and of her own limited circumstances. 1001." 
 
 Sir Thomas Wyse (1791-1862), poUtician and diplomatist. 
 After nine years at Stonyhurst entered Trinity College, Dublin. 
 With Richard Lalor Shell, Wyse stood for co. Waterford, but 
 resigned in favour of O'Connell. Voted for the 1832 Reform Bill, 
 abolition of slavery, repeal of the Corn Laws, and an extention 
 of popular education. Married, March, 1821, Laetitia, daughter 
 of Lucien Bonaparte {' D.N.B.,' vol. Ixiii.). 
 
 1873, August 7th (W. E. Gladstone). 1901, July 20 
 Mks. Geoegika Gordon Coote. Widow of 
 
 " Widow of Mr. Holmes Coote. In consideration of her cooTe^ 
 husband's medical services, especially during the Crimean War, 
 and of her own labour as Lady Superintendent of the Smyrna 
 Hospital. 501." 
 
 Holmes Coote, 1817-72 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xii.). 
 
 1874, April 29th (Benjamin DisraeU). 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte Louisa Basevi. Widow of 
 
 " Widow of James PaUadio Basevi, late Captain of the Royal ^^ ' ^^^''' 
 Engineers. In consideration of the services of her husband in 
 connexion with the advancement of science and the Trigonometrical 
 Survey of India. 1001." 
 
 The great Trigonometrical Survey of India was initiated by 
 Major Lambton in 1800 with the support of Col. Wellesley, after- 
 wards Duke of WeUington (' Encyclopaedia Britannica '). 
 
 1876, June 19th (Benjamin DisraeU). 
 Mrs. Harriet Christiana Dwelly. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the long and able services, extending John Holmes 
 over a period of forty years, of her late husband, John Holmes Dwelly. 
 Dwelly, Chief Clerk in the Department of the Solicitor to the Com- 
 missioners of Inland Revenue. 501." 
 
140 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Daughter of 
 
 Mrs. Caroline 
 
 Chisholm. 
 
 1878, June 19th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 
 Widow of Mbs. Maegabet Emmeline Menzies. 
 
 Menzies. " In recognition of the services rendered to the Crown by her 
 
 late husband, Mr. William Menzies, Deputy-Surveyor of Windsor 
 Park, especially with reference to the ' separate system of drainage ' 
 and other sanitary improvements. 501." 
 
 1878, June 19th (Earl of Becaonsfield). 
 Miss Haeeiet Monica Chisholm (now Mes. Geuggen). 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered by her mother, Mrs. 
 Caroline Chisholm, ' the Emigrants' Friend.' 50Z." 
 
 Caroline Chisholm, " the Emigrants' Friend," born at Wootton, 
 May, 1808, daughter of William Jones, yeoman and philanthropist. 
 Married Capt. Chisholm, of the East India Company's service. 
 Died at Fulham, March 25th, 1877 ; buried at Northampton 
 (' D.N.B.,' vol. X. ; ' The Emigrant's Guide to Austraha,' with 
 memoir and portrait, 1853 ; Michelet's ' La Femme,' 1860). 
 
 1882, June 10th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Sister of T.H. MiSS MaEIANNE AlICE AlINE BtJEKE. 
 
 " In consideration of the high character and distinguished 
 services of her brother, Mr. T. H. Burke, and in view of all the 
 circumstances of the case. 400Z." 
 
 Thomas Henry Burke (1829-82), Under-Secretary of Ireland. 
 He acted as private secretary to the Chief Secretaries Edward 
 Cardwell, Sir Robert Peel, and Chichester P. Fortescue. In May, 
 1869, appointed Under-Secretary, and filled the post until his 
 death. May 6th, 1882. Early in the evening of that day Lord 
 Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke, while walking in the Phoenix 
 Park, near Dublin, were assassinated by the members of a secret 
 society calling themselves the Invincibles (' D.N.B.,' vol. vii.). 
 
 1883, February 2nd (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Mrs. Auguste Maegheeeta Elizabeth Palmee (now Donkin). 
 
 " In recognition of the services of her late husband. Prof. 
 Palmer, and in view of all the circumstances of the case. 2001." 
 
 Edward Henry Palmer (1840-82), Orientalist. In 1860 he 
 made the acquaintance of Seyyid ' Abdallah, teacher of Hindustani 
 at Cambridge, and this led Palmer to the study of Oriental languages, 
 to which the rest of his life was devoted. He as early as 1862 
 presented " elegant and idiomatic Arabic verses " to the Lord 
 Almoner's Professor, Thomas Preston. Elected to a Fellowship 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1867, after an examination by 
 Prof. Cowell, ^^'ho expressed his delight at his " masterly transla- 
 
 WidoTf of 
 Prof. Palmer. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 141 
 
 tions and exhaustless vocabulary." He was sent by Mr. Gladstone 
 on a secret expedition to Egypt on the 30th of June, 1882, and on 
 the night of the 10th of August he, Capt. William John Gill, R.E., 
 and Flag-Lieutenant Harold Charrington were taken prisoners 
 by the Arabs, and the following morning were shot. Their remains 
 were brought home and buried in the crypt of St. Paul's, AprU 6th, 
 1883('D.N.B.,' vol. xUii.). 
 
 1885, August 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 The Rev. James Inches Hillocks. Re^- James 
 
 Inches 
 
 " In consideration of his labours to improve the condition Hillocks. 
 of the poor. 151." 
 
 Widow of 
 
 John Netten 
 
 Kadcliffe. 
 
 1885, August 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Ann Mabtha Radcliffe. 
 
 " In recognition of the valuable services rendered to sanitary 
 science by her husband, the late Mr. John Netten Radcliffe. 100?." 
 
 Contributor to The Lancet ; employed by the Government 
 to inquire into the question of Asiatic cholera during the Crimean 
 War. In 1867 he drew up the now famous report on cholera 
 in the East-End of London (obituary notice. Lancet, Sept. 20th, 
 1884). 
 
 1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mks. Isabella Sabah McClatchie. Sister of Sir 
 
 " In consideration of the long and valuable services of her 
 late brother, Sir Henry Parkes, and of her destitute condition. 
 
 m." 
 
 Sir H. Parkes (1828-85), diplomatist (' D.N.B.,' vol. xliii.). 
 1888, April 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Mrs. BaBBABA SbLDON. Widow of 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. Beldon. 
 Samuel Seldon, Principal of the Statistical Department of Her 
 Majesty's Customs, and of her destitute condition. lOOZ." 
 
 1889, May lOth (Marquis of Sahsbury). 
 Mrs. Helen Patey. 
 
 " In consideration of the services rendered by her late husband, 
 Mr. C. H. B. Patey, in the improvement of the telegraph services 
 of this country and of her inadequate means of support. 200^" 
 
 Widow of 
 C.H.B. Patey. 
 
142 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1889, August 30th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Widow of Mrs. Ellen S. Scott. 
 
 " In consideration of the services of her late husband, Major- 
 General Henry Scott, C.B., R.E., to science and art, and of her 
 inadequate means of support. lOOZ." 
 
 Henry Young Darracott Scott (1822-83), second heutenant 
 Royal Engineers, 1840. At Chatham he had charge of the chemical 
 laboratory. There he perfected the selenitic hme which goes by 
 his name. His system of representing ground by horizontal 
 hachures and a scale of shade was adopted for the army as the 
 basis of military sketching. He was employed under the commission 
 of the Exhibition of 1851, and on Sir Henry Cole's retirement 
 was appointed secretary. He also rendered service to many subse- 
 quent exhibitions (' D.N.B.,' vol. h.). 
 
 1891, June 10th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Danghterof MiSS IZA DUTFtTS HaBDY. 
 
 Duflus Hardy. " ^^ recognition of the long and valuable services of her late 
 
 father. Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy, and in consideration of her 
 inadequate means of support. 1001." 
 
 Thomas Duifus Hardy (1804^78), archivist, entered the Govern- 
 ment service 1819, in the branch Record Office at the Tower of 
 London. On Petrie's retirement the compilation of the ' Monu- 
 menta Historica,' published in 1848, was entrusted to him. He 
 succeeded Palgrave as Deputy-Keeper of the Records, July 15th, 
 1861 (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxiv.). 
 
 1891, June 10th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Widow of Mrs. Eliza Beistow. 
 
 Bristow. " •'■'^ recognition of the long services of her husband, the late 
 
 Mr. H. W. Bristow, on the Geological Survey, and in consideration 
 of her inadequate means of support. 4:51." 
 
 H. W. Bristow, F.R.S. ; died June 14th, 1889 [Aihenmum, 
 obituary notice, June 22nd, 1889). 
 
 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Widow of Sir Lady Gbeen. 
 
 Kirby Green. " In recognition of the long and valuable services of her late 
 
 husband, Sir William Kirby Green, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary at Tangiers, and in consideration of her 
 inadequate means of support. 120/." 
 
 Sir William Kirby Green, a distinguished savant of the Foreign 
 Office, Acting Agent and Consul-General at Tunis, 1869-71, and 
 afterwards in Albania. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 143 
 
 Widow of 
 
 Sir Gerald 
 
 Herbert 
 
 Portal. 
 
 ' 1894, March 12th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 Lady Alice Portal (now Reyntiens). 
 
 " In recognition of the distinguished services of her late hus- 
 band, Sir Gerald Herbert Portal, K.C.M.G., C.B. 150Z." 
 
 Gerald Herbert Portal (1858-94), diplomatist. In June, 
 1882, he was attached to the Consulate-General at Cairo, and was 
 present at the bombardment of Alexandria. In the summers 
 of 1886 and 1887, during Lord Cromer's absence, he took charge 
 of the Residency. On October 17th, 1887, he was directed to 
 attempt a reconcihation between the King of Abyssinia and the 
 ItaUan Government (' D.N.B.,' vol. xhii.), 
 
 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). 
 Mes. Alice Margaret Hassall (now Phtt.tp). Widow of 
 
 Dr. Arthur 
 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Dr. Hill Hassall. 
 Arthur Hall HassaU. 501." 
 
 Dr. Hassall, born at Teddington, 1817 ; died April 10th, 1894 
 (Lancet, April 14th, 1894). Most eminent chemist of his time, 
 he became associated with the Lancet Analytical Sanitary Commis- 
 sion, 1851-4, which led to the framing of the Adulteration Act of 
 1860, and finally to the adoption of the Foods and Drugs Act, 1875. 
 
 1900, March 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mr. Chaklton James Wollaston. Charlton 
 
 . James 
 
 " In recognition of his services in connexion with the mtro- Wollaston. 
 
 duction of submarine telegraphy. lOOJ." 
 
 1900, March 21st (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Emma, Lady Ellis. Widow of 
 
 Lieut.-Col. 
 " In consideration of the pubUc services in West Africa of her a. b. Ellis. 
 late husband, Lieut.-Col. A. B. Ellis, C.B., and of her inadequate 
 means of support. 301." 
 
 1900, May 25th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 Mrs. Eliza Arlidgb. Widow of Dr. 
 
 " In consideration of the labours of her late husband, Dr. John ' ^^ s^- 
 Thomas ArUdge, in the cause of industrial hygiene, and of her 
 straitened circumstances. 501." 
 
 Bom at Chatham, 1822 ; died October 27th, 1899. Author 
 of ' State of Lunacy in the Legal Provision for the Insane,' 1859, 
 and of the best treatise on the diseases of occupations — ' Plumbism,' 
 ' Phosphorism,' &c. (Lancet obituary notice, November 4th, 1899). 
 
144 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1901, February 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). 
 
 Widow of w. Mrs. Maey Jane Little. 
 
 " In recognition of the services rendered by her late husband, 
 Mr. WiUiam Cutlack Little, in the investigation of rural and agri- 
 cultural problems. 501." 
 
 Police. PUBLIC SERVICE (POLICE). 
 
 1872, June 18th (W. E. Gladstone). 
 
 Daughter of MiSS SaBAH FaNNY MaYNE (now MeS. MaLDEN). 
 
 l^Yne " ^^ consideration of the personal services of her late father, 
 
 Sir Richard Mayne, K.C.B., to the Crown, and of the faithful 
 performance of his duties to the public. 90^" 
 
 Sir Richard Mayne (1796-1868), Police Commissioner. Educated 
 at Trinity College, DubUn, graduated B.A. ; then at Trinity College, 
 Cambridge ; called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1822. On the 
 institution of the Metropohtan Police, 29th of September, 1829, 
 Col. (afterwards Sir) Charles Rowan and Mayne were appointed 
 joint commissioners, and on the resignation of the former in 1850 
 the latter became Chief Commissioner, the number of police under 
 his command reaching about seven thousand men. For his services, 
 including those on the day of the Chartist meeting on Kennington 
 Common on the 10th of April, 1848, he was on the 29th created 
 a C.B., and on the close of the 1851 Exhibition was made K.C.B. 
 He WEis injured in the Hyde Park riots in July, 1866. There is a 
 monument to him at Kensal Green (' D.N.B.,' vol. xxxvii.). 
 
 Messengers. MESSENGERS. 
 
 1880, January 26th (Earl of Beaconsfield). 
 Daughters of Miss LouiSA Emily Vaegas and Miss Heneibtta Vaegas. 
 Peter Vargas. " Jn consideration of the long and meritorious services of their 
 
 father, the late Mr. Peter Vargas, Superintendent of the Pariia- 
 mentary Messengers under the Secretary to the Treasury. 251. 
 each." 
 
 This Civil List forms an extremely interesting record of many 
 of the most important events of the nineteenth century. We get 
 a glimpse of Napoleon and Sir Hudson Lowe at St. Helena, of the 
 Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, the bombardment of Alexandria, 
 the Phoenix Park assassinations, and the institution of our Metro- 
 pohtan PoUce ; in the more peaceful portion of the record, the 1851 
 Exhibition, submarine telegraphy, the formation of the Suez Canal, 
 and the discovery of the sources of the Nile ; while under Literature, 
 Science, and the Fine Arts we meet with many of the illustrious 
 names of the past sixty years. 
 
 The Civil 
 List an 
 
 interesting 
 record. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 145 
 
 The following gives the total amount of grants under their Total grants, 
 respective heads : — 
 
 Literature . . 
 
 
 
 . £4,885 
 
 Science 
 
 
 
 . 3,575 
 
 Fine Arts 
 
 
 
 . 2,144 
 
 Drama 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 Music 
 
 
 
 340 
 
 Education . . 
 
 
 
 620 
 
 Biblical Scholarship 
 
 
 
 630 
 
 Scholarship 
 
 
 
 . 3,081 
 
 Exploration 
 
 
 
 480 
 
 Naval 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 Military 
 
 
 
 . 2,420 
 
 Governors . . 
 
 
 
 875 
 
 British Resident . . 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 Ambassador 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 Consuls 
 
 
 
 650 
 
 Civil 
 
 
 
 . 2,885 
 
 Police 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 Messengers . . 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Total 
 
 . 23,840 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE BEVIS MARKS BICENTENARY. 
 
 BEVIS MAEKS SYNAGOGUE BICENTENARY. 
 (1701-1901.) 
 
 1901, Aug. 17. Ak eventful day in the annals of the Spanish and Portuguese 
 
 Bevis Marks Jewish community in this country was Wednesday, the 26th of June, 
 Bicentenary. 1901, when was Celebrated the completion of two hundred years 
 since the inauguration of the synagogue " Saas Asamaim " (Gate 
 of Heaven), situate in Bevis Marks, the oldest existing Jewish place 
 of worship in England. The Jewish World of the following Saturday 
 gave a concise record from 1701 to 1901. 
 
 First The first synagogue in this country was in King Street, Aldgate. 
 
 Synagogue in It was established in 1656, and Thomas Greenhalgh foimd there 
 England, j^ \QQ2 a himdred male worshippers, men of apparent affluence, 
 besides ladies in very rich attire. The lease of the cemetery in 
 the Mile End Road is dated 1657 ; it was for 999 years. The 
 Spanish and Portuguese " Beth-HoUm " Hospital now occupies 
 its site. 
 
 Once the Aldgate synagogue was established, the attention 
 of the community was turned to a kindred matter. The subject 
 of religious education was considered, and in 1664 " The Tree of 
 Life," a society for the study of the Law, was founded. The 
 Th ■'p'* °°' ^*'^® y^^^ *h® " Gates of Hope " School commenced its operations, 
 Hope''School* ^^^ *^ institution, after having been reorganized in 1882, still 
 serves the useful purpose for which it was originally intended. In 
 1703 another institution was founded, " The Gates of Life and the 
 Father of the Fatherless." Its object is fourfold, viz., to educate, 
 maintain, clothe, and apprentice orphan boys, the boys being 
 admitted by the votes of the subscribers. In 1724 a society for 
 providing fatherless girls with dowries was established. In 1730 
 the ViUareal School was founded by Isaac da Costa Villareal for the 
 benefit of the poorer girls of the congregation. DisraeH in the 
 memoir of his father speaks thus of the charitable founder : — 
 
 "There might be found among other Jewish families flourishing 
 in this country the Villareals, who brought wealth to these shores almost 
 as great as their names, though that is the second in Portugal, and 
 who have twice alUed themselves to the English aristocracy." 
 
NOTES BY the: WAY. 
 
 147 
 
 The 
 Beth-Holim. 
 
 Moses 
 Lamego. 
 
 In 1747 the Beth-Holim was instituted. This charity com- 
 bined the offices of a hospital, lying-in hospital, and home for aged 
 poor ; and two years later another charitable society came into 
 existence, the Mahasim Tobim, " Good Works." In 1757 Moses 
 Lamego endowed the synagogue with 5,000L, the interest of 4,000Z. 
 being devoted to the orphan school and of 1,000Z. to the salary of an 
 English tutor at the Ngetz Chaim Schools. Benjamin D'Israeli, 
 the grandfather of the statesman, was in after years appointed 
 inspector of the Ngetz Chaim. A lease of the land in Bevis Marks 
 was obtained for ninety-nine years at an annual rental of 1201., 
 and the present building was consecrated in 1702. Many of the 
 benches were brought from the old synagogue, and some of the 
 candlesticks from Holland. 
 
 The celebration service on the 26th of June, 1901, was observed 
 with due ceremonial, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs being present. 
 The Jewish World reminds us that 
 
 " the Jewish people do not erect personal monuments, and the Sephardic The " House 
 
 section of the community mark the resting-place of their people by of Life." 
 
 less obtrusive memorials than their Ashkenazi brethren ; in their 
 
 ' House of Life ' the stones lie flat. If we want memorials to martyrs 
 
 and heroes, we have no need to fashion them of stone or marble. We 
 
 have only to turn the pages of history, and the finest models are before 
 
 us. . . .The record of the Sephardim in England tells the story which 
 
 we can all read with profit. The outward, the visible, the tangible 
 
 sign of the record of the Sephardim is the ancient synagogue in Bevis 
 
 Marks." 
 
 The Haham, the Rev. Dr. Moses Gaster, one of the most eloquent Dr. Moses 
 men of whom the Jews can boast, in the course of his sermon paid Gaster^s tri- 
 the following tribute to the English people : — 
 
 " This synagogue now represents not only the old form of Jewish 
 worship, but it represents also the noblest form of religious liberty and 
 political emancipation. It is perhaps the only sjrnagogue in existence 
 which, since the days when the foundation stone was laid, has never 
 been exposed to the attack of a misguided populace. No harsh sound 
 has ever disturbed the peace of the worshipper, no fanatical hand has 
 been raised against its walls, no stone has been thrown against its 
 windows. This synagogue is a monument of the great hberal spirit 
 of the English nation, whose progress is a steady one which knows no 
 going backwards. Once a barrier had been broken down, it had never 
 been raised any more ; once an illiberal measure repealed, no re-enact- 
 ment would ever be contemplated. In perfect security the people lived 
 under the righteous laws of England." 
 
 At the close the choir sang ' Yitgadal,' an ancient melody, har- 
 monized by C. G. Verrinder. This was followed by ' Adon 01am ' 
 (solo by Mr. Rittenberg) and Psalm CL., composed by the late Dr. 
 Artom. Lastly came the first verse of the National Anthem in 
 Hebrew, arranged by Dr. Verrinder. 
 
 K 2 
 
 bute to the 
 
 English 
 
 people. 
 
148 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The Manches- 
 ter Synagogue 
 sends a crown 
 for a "Sepher 
 Torah." 
 
 The poor 
 contribute 
 their mite. 
 
 1901, Aug. 24. 
 
 All parties 
 unite in the 
 celebration. 
 
 The rulers of the Manchester Synagogue for Spanish and Portu- 
 guese Jews, anxious to have a part in the celebration, sent a massive 
 ornament, consisting of a handsome silver crown for a " Sepher 
 Torah." This weighs fifty ounces and is of the " Imperial " order, 
 or shaped in Gothic style in the Decorative period. Upon the front 
 are two tablets ?ontaining the Ten Commandments beneath an 
 oblong shield bearing the following inscription : " Presented to 
 the Bevis Marks Synagogue, London, by the Manchester Congrega- 
 tion of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, in commemoration of its 
 bicentenary. Tamuz 9, 5661." The whole is topped by a smaller 
 crown, whilst its base is surmounted in repousse with ovals, diamonds, 
 and discs in gilt with frosted silver background relieved by orna- 
 mental rope bordering. 
 
 In addition to this, the poorer members, desiring to share in 
 the commemoration, had been for three years contributing their 
 mite, and brought as their ofiPering and tribute two silver crowns 
 and a rich velvet covering for the scroUs of the Law. 
 
 The ' Encyclopaedia Britannic a ' in its article on the Jews 
 mentions that the archives of the synagogue contain a curious 
 printed invitation from the King of Sweden, sent in the year 1746, 
 in which wealthy Jews are invited to Sweden, while the poor are 
 warned that their residence will be unwelcome. 
 
 A most impressive feature of the celebration was that all 
 parties among the Jews united in it. No similar assembly had been 
 seen since the installation of Dr. Adler as Chief Rabbi. The Jewish 
 World states that " it was an occasion to prove how much we all 
 have in common, not how we may best magnify points of difference." 
 The members of the West London Synagogue, partly an offspring 
 of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation, joined heartily in the 
 congratul?itions. In reference to this the Rev. Moses Joseph in 
 his sermon on the event said : " The animosities which attended its 
 birth were dead and buried, and the child unwelcomed and imloved, 
 as it was at its birth, had in its manhood clasped hands with its 
 parent in mutual esteem and goodwill." It was in 1692 that the 
 German and Polish settlers increased so much in numbers that 
 they decided to have a separate place of worship, and the first 
 Ashkenazim Synagogue was begun. It was situated in Broad 
 Street, Duke's Place, and the entire expense of the building was 
 borne by Mr. Moses Hart. 
 
 The synagogue was consecrated with great solemnity in 1722. 
 In 1767 it was repaired, enlarged, and again consecrated with 
 imposing ceremonies ; and about this time the Jews became pos- 
 sessed of two Hebrew printing presses, one under the auspices of 
 the German congregation, and the other under that of the Spanish 
 and Portuguese. In point of numbers the Ashkenazim now far 
 exceeds the Sephardim ; it has more attractive services, and there 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 149 
 
 is a difference in its liturgy ; but owing to the greater freedom 
 of speech and action allowed to its members, it has suffered more 
 from internal quarrels than its parent has done. To one of these 
 quarrels, a question of a divorce, we owe the first Hebrew book 
 published in this country, ' Urim and Thummim,' 1706. The 
 second Hebrew book was by the learned Rabbi David Nieto, 
 ' Mathai Dan,' or ' Rod of Judgment,' its object being a vindication 
 of the oral law. His next work was Aish Dath,' or ' The Fire of 
 the Law ' ; and in the same year, 1715, Rabbi Joseph Irgas pub- 
 lished ' Touchachath Megoolah : an Open Remonstrance.' 
 
 In 1771 Prof. Levysohn, who had been studying under the 
 celebrated surgeon John Hunter, published his philosophical work 
 ' Maamar Hatourah W'hachochmar,' ' An Essay on the Law and 
 Science,' his object being to demonstrate that theology and science 
 must go hand in hand. This work gave so much offence to his 
 co-religionists that he left London and went to reside in Hamburg. 
 
 In 1802, after several years had been passed without a Chief 
 Rabbi, the German communities appointed Solomon HerscheU. He 
 occupied the position for forty years, and his influence was so great 
 that during that period the Ashkenazim made rapid progress, 
 twenty-five charitable societies and institutions were formed, and 
 in addition to these a new synagogue was founded in Brewer Street. 
 At his death at the age of eighty-one a medal was struck in his 
 honour. He was succeeded by Dr. Nathan Marcus Adler, who was 
 appointed on the 12th of December, 1844 ; and on his death in 
 1890 he was succeeded by his son, the present Chief Rabbi. I am 
 indebted for many of the facts I have given to the Rev. Moses 
 Margoliouth's interesting book ' The History of the Jews in Great 
 Britain,' pubhshed by Bentley in 1851. Mr. Margoliouth's first 
 work was, as is well known, ' A Pilgrimage to the Land of my Fathers.' 
 I am glad to learn that a copy of the former book in the hands of 
 his nephew, the Rev. G. W. Margohouth, of the British Museum, 
 contains many original notes by the author, so perhaps we may see 
 a revised edition brought up to the present time. One has only to 
 look over the pages of the ' English Catalogue ' and at the shelves 
 of the London Library to see how few have been the books published 
 on the Jews. The Whitechapel Free Public Library contains 
 one of the most complete collections of books relating to the Jews, 
 a separate catalogue being devoted to it. The most complete little 
 manual of the Jewish reUgion is that by Friedlander, published by 
 Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co., 1891. In its pages can be 
 found every particular concerning the Jewish faith. Friedlander 
 is also the author of a small ' Text-Book ' adapted for teachers. 
 
 ' Jewish Portraits,' by Lady Magnus, published by Fisher 
 Unwin, contains a beautiful sketch of that sweet singer " who 
 solved the pathetic puzzle of how to sing the Lord's song in a strange 
 land " — Jehudah Halevi, physician and poet. 
 
 Fiist Hebrew 
 
 book 
 
 published in 
 
 England. 
 
 Prof. 
 Levysohn. 
 
 Solomon 
 
 HerscheU 
 
 appointed 
 
 Chief Kabbi. 
 
 Adler 
 appointed. 
 
 Succeeded by 
 
 his son in 
 
 1890. 
 
 Rev. G. W. 
 Margoliouth. 
 
 Friedlander's 
 manual. 
 
 ' Jewish 
 Portraits,' by 
 Lady Magnus. 
 
150 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Jehudah " He ' entered the courts With gladness.' ' For Thy songs, O God 1 ' 
 
 Halevi : his he cries, ' my heart is a harp ' ; and truly enough in some of these 
 songs of faith ancient Hebrew hymns .... we seem to hear clearly the human strings 
 and hope. vibrate." 
 
 The truest faith, the most living hope, the widest charity, are 
 breathed forth in them ; and they have naturally been enshrined 
 by his fellow-believers in the most sacred parts of their liturgy. 
 The following three lines from the Atonement service Lady Magnus 
 quotes as indicating the sentiment of Judaism :• — 
 
 When I remove from Thee, O God, 
 I die whilst I live ; but when 
 I cleave to Thee, I Hve in death. 
 
 The poet questions, 
 
 Lord, where art Thou to be found ? 
 
 Hidden and high is Thy home. 
 
 And where shall we find Thee not ? 
 
 Thy glory fills the world. 
 
 Thou art found in my heart. 
 
 And at the uttermost ends of the earth. 
 
 A refuge for the near. 
 
 For the far, a trust. 
 
 His desire to Jehudah Halevi long desired to visit Palestine, and in 1140, 
 
 see Palestine, at the age of fifty-six, he prepared to set forth on his journey ; his 
 voyage on the Mediterranean was stormy, but the sight of the raging 
 billows served only to strengthen his faith, and he wrote his poem 
 ' A Stormy Sea.' Seven hundred years later Newman on the shores 
 of the same sea wrote his ' Lead, Kindly Light.' Whether Halevi 
 ever reached his beloved Sion cannot be told, for " no man knoweth 
 of his sepulchre unto this day." 
 
 Jewish The Jewish Historical Society is rendering useful work, and 
 
 Historical thanks are due to it for the very interesting monograph published 
 Society. ijy Macmillan on ' Menasseh Ben Israel's Mission to Ohver Crom- 
 well,' edited by Lucien Wolf. 
 
 Among lectures that have been given to the members was 
 one by Major Martin Hume on the 27th of April, 1908, on the 
 story of the plot against the life of Elizabeth, in which Ruy Lopez, 
 the trusted Jewish physician of the Queen, was supposed to 
 be implicated, and for which, with every indignity and cruelty, 
 he was finally executed at Tyburn. The result of Major Hume's 
 researches tended to disprove the doctor's complicity, and he 
 stated that it " has been supposed that Shakespeare's Shy lock was 
 a caricature of Lopez, and calculated to increase the animosity 
 against the Jews." 
 
 Jews and The important services rendered by Jews to the art of printing 
 
 printing, were indicated by Mr. Elkan N. Adler in a lecture delivered before 
 
 the Jewish Literary Societies some four years back on ' The Romance 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 161 
 
 of Hebrew Printing.' He stated that in 1467 the first book was 
 printed in Italy, and within the next few years at least a hundred 
 books were known to have been printed by Jews, some seventy of 
 them being now preserved in the British Museum. There were 
 thirteen cities in Europe in which the first books printed of any 
 kind were produced by Jewish typographers, and it was established 
 that before 1540 there were 530 books printed in Hebrew characters 
 by Jewish printers. A very notable volume was the polyglot 
 Psalter of Genoa, which contained an account of the achievements of 
 Columbus. 
 
 It has been left to America to gather into the compass of one 
 work all that concerns the Hebrew people. The Funk & WagnaUs 
 Company of New York have now completed the publication of the 
 ' Jewish Encyclopaedia,' edited by Isidore Singer, Ph.D. This 
 work gives a history of the Hebrews from legendary times down to 
 the present. 
 
 The Jews and their history have hitherto occupied but a smaU 
 place in our general hterature, and the Jew, with three notable 
 exceptions, has found little place in fiction. Sir Walter Scott makes 
 Rebecca, the beautiful daughter of Isaac of York, one of the most 
 important figures in ' Ivanhoe,' and represents her as singiag that 
 glorious hymn 
 
 When Israel, of the Lord beloved, 
 Out of the land of bondage came, 
 Her father's God before her moved, 
 
 An awful guide, in smoke and flame. 
 By day along the astonished lands 
 
 The cloudy pillar gUded slow ; 
 By night, Arabia's crimson' d sands 
 
 Return' d the fiery column's glow. 
 
 'The 
 
 Jewish Ency- 
 
 clopjedia,' 
 
 Rebecca in 
 'Ivanhoe.' 
 
 Our harps we left by Babel's streams. 
 
 The tyrant's jest, the Gentile's scorn ; 
 No censer round our altar beams. 
 
 And mute our timbrel, trump, and horn. 
 But thou hast said " The blood of goat. 
 
 The flesh of rams, I will not prize ; 
 A contrite heart, an humble thought, 
 
 Are Mine accepted sacrifice." 
 
 The original of the heroine of ' Ivanhoe ' was, as Mr. Frank 
 Warren Hackett of Washington pointed out in Notes and Queries 
 on September 3rd, 1904, Rebecca Gratz, a Jewess of Philadelphia. 
 He quoted from Anne HoUingsworth Wharton's 'Colonial Days 
 and Dames ' (Philadelphia, Lippincott), 1895, in which the author 
 recites the story of Washington Irving's visit to Abbotsford in 1817. 
 Irving told Sir Walter of the charms of this Jewess :— 
 
m 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 " He described her wonderful beauty, related the story of her 
 firm adherence to her religious faith under the most trying circumstances, 
 and particularly illustrated her loveliness of character and zealous 
 philanthropy."— P. 234. 
 
 Scott thereupon took Rebecca Gratz as the original of the heroine 
 in ' Ivanhoe.' This writer (p. 235) says that Scott sent a copy of 
 the book to Irving, with a letter, in which the question is asked, 
 "Does the Rebecca I have pictured compare with the pattern given ?" 
 
 1901, Aug. 31. George Eliot's ' Daniel Deronda ' was, however, as Lady 
 
 George Eliot's Magnus states, the first serious attempt by a great writer to make 
 
 ' Daniel ^ Jews and Judaism the central interest of a great work ; and it was 
 
 Deronda. jjqj. uu^ji after a long interval that this was followed by Mr. Israel 
 
 Zangwill's Zangwill's ' Children of the Ghetto : a Study of a Peculiar People.' 
 
 ' Children of The last treats mostly of the Jewish poor, and, in fact, puts into 
 
 the Ghetto." romance the revelations first made by the commissioners of The 
 
 Morning Chronicle so far back as 1849. 
 
 The Jews of 
 
 Holland and 
 
 William of 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Prof. Marks 
 
 on 'The Jews 
 
 in Modem 
 
 Times.' 
 
 A notable characteristic of the Jew has always been his faith- 
 fulness and affection for the land of his adoption. The Jews of 
 Holland were full of gratitude to William of Orange for the freedom 
 he had given them, and, when he was in need of funds to fit out his 
 expedition to England, one of their community placed at his disposal 
 two millions of guilders, saying : " If you succeed, you will no 
 doubt repay the loan ; if you fail, I am content to lose it in the cause 
 of reUgious freedom." Prof. Marks, in a lecture deUvered at 
 South Place Institute, ' The Jews in Modem Times ' (' Religious 
 Systems of the World,' Sonnenschein, 1890), referring to France as 
 being the first Christian State of Europe that fully carried into effect 
 the principle of liberty of conscience, when in 1789 it proclaimed 
 complete emancipation to all its Jewish subjects, says that " they 
 have repaid the debt by a passionate devotion to aU its national 
 interests." France contains upwards of a hundred thousand Jews, 
 and they are remarkable for their staunch patriotism. They differ 
 from their ancestors of a bygone age, in so far as they have lost 
 all feeling for the land of the Patriarchs, and exult in the exclama- 
 tion, " Notre Zion c'est la France." 
 
 Spanish The Great Powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1814, in return 
 
 article in the for the patriotic efforts made by the Jews during the war, caused 
 Treaty of ^q j^g inserted a special article in the treaty pledging themselves 
 to secure for the Jews perfect equality of rights in all the Allied 
 States. It was long, however, before the pledge was redeemed by 
 Germany and Austria, while in Russia it stiU remains unfulfilled, 
 a ministerial edict limiting the number of Jewish students in the 
 Russian universities to three per cent of the total number of the 
 alumni. This applies to all the Imperial universities, except that 
 of Moscow, to which no Jew is admitted. 
 
 1814 to secure 
 
 equality of 
 
 rights. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 153 
 
 The affection of the Jews for England is proverbial. They 
 gave a notable instance of this so far back as the '45 troubles. The 
 success of the Pretender seemed to be assured, and when states- 
 men, merchants, and all classes were seized with panic, the Jews 
 stood firm, and the poorer classes among them, notwithstanding their 
 custom of not bearing arms except in cases of great emergency, 
 enlisted in the militia, while the wealthy rendered valuable 
 financial support. John Francis, of the Bank of England, in his 
 ' Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange ' (Longmans, 
 1855), relates how Sampson Gideon, the great Jew broker 
 and founder of the house of Eardley, profited by the panic of 
 the Gentile merchants, bought aU the stock in the market, 
 advanced every guinea he possessed, and pledged his name and 
 reputation for more. When the Pretender retreated, and stocks 
 rose, the Jew experienced the advantage of his foresight. In the 
 course of his transactions he obtained an advance of 20,OOOZ. from 
 Snow the banker. Snow, Francis relates, got alarmed, and wrote 
 a piteous appeal to Gideon, who went to the bank, procured twenty 
 notes, and, rolling them round a phial containing hartshorn, sent 
 it to Snow. 
 
 Gay, the poet, celebrates Thomas Snow for his sagacity during 
 the South Sea Bubble panic. It is worthy of note that the Jews 
 remained aloof from the scheme. No Jewish name occurs among 
 the bankrupts of the time. Mr. F. G. Hilton Price, in ' A Hand- 
 book of London Bankers' (Chatto & Windus, 1876), states that 
 in 1798 the firm of Snow admitted Mr. J. D. Paul into partnership, 
 and that after 1843 it was styled Strahan, Paul & Bates. 
 
 It was fitting that the Lord Mayor should take part in the 
 Bevis Marks celebration, for from the time of the Royal Assent 
 being given to the Sheriffs' Declaration Bill in 1835 the City has 
 been foremost in advocating for the Jews the rights of equal citizen- 
 ship. The first Jew to hold the office of Sheriff was David Salomons 
 (1835), and in 1855 he became Lord Mayor, being the first Jew 
 to attain that distinction. He was created a baronet in October, 
 1869. One of the earliest acts of Victoria's reign was to confer 
 the honour of knighthood on Moses Montefiore, elected- Sheriff 
 in 1837 ; and five years afterwards, by Royal Ucence, permission 
 was granted to him to add supporters to his family arms. It took 
 twenty- three years from 1835 to secure entire freedom, the final 
 triumph dating from the 26th of July, 1858, when Baron Rothschild 
 took his seat as member for the City. The Jews, to show their 
 gratitude to Lord John Russell, caused a medal to be struck in his 
 honour. The inscription contains these words : — 
 
 Have we not one Father ? 
 Hath not one God created us ? 
 
 Thus one by one the barriers have fallen ; while under the Factories 
 
 AfEection of 
 
 the Jews for 
 
 England. 
 
 They bear 
 arms against 
 the Pretender. 
 
 Gentile 
 
 merchants 
 
 paniostruck. 
 
 Sampson 
 Gideon buys 
 all the stock 
 in the market. 
 
 Thomas Snow. 
 
 David 
 
 Salomons the 
 
 first Jewish 
 
 Sheriflc and 
 
 Lord Mayor. 
 
 Moses 
 Montefiore 
 knighted. 
 
 Baron 
 Kothsohild. 
 
 Medal to Lord 
 John Russell, 
 
154 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Eflioiency of 
 Jewish 
 schools. 
 
 Favourable 
 
 report of 
 
 Inspectors. 
 
 1901, Sept. 7. 
 University 
 College : 
 Sir Isaac 
 Goldsmid 
 
 acquires site 
 
 in Gower 
 
 Street. 
 
 Act the Jews are specially favoured, as it grants them the right 
 to work on Sunday, provided they rest on their own Sabbath. 
 
 The estabUshment of the " Gates of Hope " in 1664 showed 
 how anxious the Jews were in the matter of education ; in later 
 years their schools have rapidly increased both in size and efficiency. 
 The passing of the Act in 1846 enabUng Jewish charities to hold 
 land was a great boon. The school in Bell Lane instructs 
 more than three thousand five hundred children, at an annual 
 cost considerably above 12,000Z. There are over fifty class-roomB 
 for boys, and nearly as many for girls. A few years ago the Roth- 
 schild wing was added (specially devoted to technical instruction) 
 and the school generally enlarged. Free clothes, provided by the 
 Rothschilds, are distributed to each scholar. 
 
 This school can rejoice in the honour that a Senior Wrangler 
 is now numbered among its old boys. Selig Brodetsky, bom at 
 Olviopol in Russia, and brought by his parents to England when 
 he was five years old, entered the school in February, 1895. After 
 carrying off prizes and scholarships, he was finally awarded the 
 Senior Antony Death Exhibition, tenable at one of the Universities 
 for three years, the scholarship being worth 601. per annum for the 
 purposes of education, and 30Z. per annum for outfit at Cambridge. 
 After obtaining other honours, he this year (1908) was bracketed 
 equal for the Senior Wranglership, in his second year. " Never 
 before since 1869," states The Jewish World of the 19th of June, 
 " when Numa Hartog was the first Jew to become Senior Wrangler, 
 has a co-religionist gained the blue ribbon of the mathematical 
 world." 
 
 Among other important schools is the Westminster Jews' 
 Free School, where about three hundred boys and over three 
 hundred girls attend. The head mistress, Miss Hannah Hertzon, 
 completed in 1901 twenty-five years of service. There are a 
 swimming class and a good library, and in the winter the children 
 are provided, when necessary, with dinner. There is also a clothing 
 and a boot fund. 
 
 The Government Inspectors report most favourably of the 
 Jewish schools, and state that of all religious denominations the Jews 
 have proportionately the smallest number of scholars destitute of 
 the knowledge of reading and writing. 
 
 While the Jews have shown themselves to be so thorough 
 in the matter of elementary education, they have not been neglectful 
 of the higher forms. When the founding of University College, 
 on unsectarian principles, was mooted, and success was still doubtful, 
 Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid at once gave the necessary impetus by 
 acquiring the desired site in Gower Street. This he did " at his 
 own risk and that of two colleagues, Mr. John Smith and Mr. Ben- 
 
NOTES' BY THE WAY. 
 
 155 
 
 Jews' College 
 
 in Queen 
 
 Square. 
 
 Dr. Lowy's 
 
 philological 
 
 library. 
 
 Dr. Fried- 
 lander. 
 
 jamin Stow, whom he persuaded to join in the responsibility" 
 (University College Report, 1859). 
 
 In addition to availing themselves largely of the College, 
 the Jews have an important college of their own. It was founded 
 in 1856, and the new building in Queen Square was opened in 1900. 
 Here ministers and teachers are trained. The institution is under 
 the presidency of the Chief Rabbi, Dr. Adler, the principal being 
 M. Friedlander, Ph.D. Eleven scholarships have been founded, 
 the oldest being " The Lord Mayor's Commemoration Scholarship," 
 established to commemorate " the appointment in 1856 of a gentle- 
 man of the Jewish faith to the office of Lord Mayor of London." 
 
 The institution contains an important Ubrary, to which valuable 
 additions are constantly being made. A few years ago Dr. Lowy's 
 collection was presented. This is especially rich in philological 
 works ; it also contains a number of pamphlets touching on the 
 internal history of Jewish communities. 
 
 Dr. Friedlander, in his work on ' The Jewish Religion,' makes 
 reference to the erroneous opinion " that commerce is more con- 
 genial to Judaism than handicraft." He states that 
 
 " in our Law no trace of such preference is ncticeable : on the contrary, 
 agriculture was the principal occupation of the Israelites. In the choice 
 of his occupation the Jew is like all his fellow-men — influenced by his 
 inclinations, capabilities, and opportunities." 
 
 This fact is specially shown by the Reports of the Jewish Colonial 
 Association. 
 
 Dr. Friedlander also makes the following reference to usury : — 
 
 " Denunciations are sometimes levelled against the Jews on 
 account of the misdeeds of some individuals as cruel usurers. Those 
 non-Jews who would take the trouble of thoroughly studying Jews and 
 Judaism would soon discover the error and the baselessness of such 
 denimciations. Judaism has never sanctioned usury, but, on the 
 contrary, always condemned it." 
 
 " The Jewish Religion is void of every visible symbol," and 
 Dr. Friedlander states that the so-caUed " magen-david (the double 
 triangle) is probably not of Jewish origin, and has no connexion 
 with our holy religion." In most synagogues there is a " continual 
 lamp " burning. It is a Bibhcal institution, but only designed 
 for the Sanctuary. Its presence in the synagogue is comparatively 
 of modern date. The ner tamid of the Sanctuary, however, is 
 explained to be a lamp burning " from evening to morning " 
 (Exod. xxvii. 21). 
 
 The Ark, or Holy Ark, in almost all modern synagogues in The Holy Ark. 
 places west of Jerusalem occupies the middle of the east side of the 
 synagogue. When the Talmud was composed the entrance was 
 from the east, and the Ark, which was to represent the Most Holy, 
 
156 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 " The meet- 
 ing-places 
 of God." 
 
 Jewish ethics. 
 
 Jews' fealty 
 to the Throne 
 
 was in the west. The worshippers consequently stood during 
 prayer with their faces towards the west. This it seems was a 
 protest against sun-worship. When sun-worship had ceased, 
 probably after the destruction of the second Temple, the national 
 grief and hope found expression in the custom of praying towards 
 the Sanctuary in Jerusalem. Hence the Jews who live west of 
 Jerusalem stand during prayer with the face towards the east, 
 while those east of Jerusalem turn westward. 
 
 In addition to the pubUc synagogues there are in London, 
 as formerly in Jerusalem, " the meeting-places of God," where if 
 ten worshippers are present service may be held. While Judaism 
 is full of ceremonial observances, its teaching is that " the right 
 conduct of everyday Uf e transcends in importance even right belief. 
 Theology must yield the first place to morals." " The Rabbins 
 were the most enthusiastic preachers of the gospel of work that 
 the world has ever seen." " Great is labour." " For it honours 
 the labourer." " Greater even than the God-fearing man is he who 
 lives by his toil." " Manliness " is the dominant note of Jewish 
 ethics. " It is a good sign when a man walks with his head erect." 
 " If you have a grievance against any one, go to him and tell him 
 so face to face. Honour the virtuous Gentile, not the irrehgious 
 Israelite. The worst failing is ingratitude ; it must not be shown 
 even to a brute. Pay your debte before you give alms." " The 
 alms given in health are gold ; in illness, silver ; left by wiU, 
 copper." The foregoing extracts are from a lecture on ' Jewish 
 Ethics, by 'the Rev. Morris Joseph (' Religious Systems of the 
 World '), and are translated from Zunz, ' Zur Geschichte und Litera- 
 tur.' Judaism also teaches that citizens of a State must take their 
 proper share in all work for its welfare. Patriotism must be 
 evinced when the State is in danger. " All our means, our physical 
 and intellectual faculties, must be at the disposal of the country 
 in which we live as citizens." " There is no difference between 
 Jews and their fellow-citizens with regard to the duty of loyalty." 
 
 This is shown in aU the teaching of the various Jewish schools. 
 Mr. 0. E. d'Avigdor Goldsmid in his address at the aimual prize 
 distribution of the Jewish Education Board in June, 1908, gave the 
 key-note : " The best way in which they [the Jews] could show 
 their gratitude to this great nation was to bring up their children 
 both as good Jews and as good Englishmen. Ajid it was in order 
 to qualify for the position and name of a good EngUshman that 
 it was necessary to be a good Jew, one who respected the faith 
 in which he was brought up and was proud of it. That alone would 
 enable them to become good citizens.' ' 
 
 The Jews in England have for more than fifty years gone far 
 beyond the call of mere duty, and none of their fellow-subjects 
 have exceeded them in their support of the Government or in 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 157 
 
 affectionate fealty to the Throne. In a sermon dehvered by the 
 Chief Rabbi during the dark winter of 1899 he referred to the fact 
 that " among those who had fallen in the battle, dying a soldier's 
 honourable death, there have been a goodly number of our brethren 
 in faith who have cheerfully sacrificed their lives in the service 
 of their Queen and of their flag " ; and he closed with an exhortation 
 to young men to grow up honourable and pure, truthful and diligent, Rg^ Morris 
 worthy citizens of England, and true sons of Israel. The Rev. Joseph's 
 Morris Joseph has said : "If the hfelong anguish of Israel excites tribute to the 
 the most profound pity, only admiration can be yielded to that '''"'• 
 greatness of soul which is the fairest gem in his crown of martyr- 
 dom." The Jew, patient in suffering, forgave, and preserved 
 his integrity in spite of his suffering. There is but little desire 
 among the Jews for a return to Palestine, for the lands where they 
 were formerly persecuted they now look upon as permanent homes, 
 and among these homes there is none regarded with greater love 
 and affection than England. 
 
 LAST OF AN OLD CITY CUSTOM. 
 
 One of the most ancient of City customs was participated 
 in, probably for the last time, on St. Matthew's Day, September 21st, 
 1901, when the Lord Mayor, accompanied by the Lady Mayoress, 
 the Sheriffs, and a number of aldermen, with the Town Clerk, 
 attended Christ's Hospital, after service at the church in Newgate 
 Street, where he was presented with a list of governors of the royal 
 hospitals, together with sundry dockets. These his lordship 
 inspected, and then formally handed them over to the Town Clerk, 
 to be placed amongst the records of the Corporation. 
 
 1901, Oct. 5. 
 
 St. Matthew's 
 
 Day at 
 
 Christ's 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 PRIVILEGES OF THE CITY OF LONDON. 
 
 Sir Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale, who was elected on the 28th 1901, Oct. 12. 
 of September, 1901, to be the chief magistrate for the ensuing year. Privileges of 
 announced that his first duty as Lord Mayor elect was to ask the ^^^ City. 
 meeting to pass a resolution crossing the t's and dotting the »'s 
 of their privileges. It was : — 
 
 " That in view of the approaching Coronation of our Sovereign 
 Lord the Kmg and his Gracious Consort, all due and proper claims be 
 made for preserving the ancient rights, privileges, and unmumties of 
 the City of London, and that the Town Clerk, as Clerk of this Common 
 Hall, be directed to sign the same." 
 
 Sir Joseph, as member for the City, has together with his colleague, Dimsdale 
 the privilege, on the first day of each session, of sitting on the family. 
 Treasury Bench. The Lancet states that he is the first Etonian 
 to fill the civic chair for 130 years, and gives the following particu- 
 
158 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 lars as to his family, showing how interested the medical profession 
 is in his election. He 
 
 " comes of an old Essex family, whose members have, as a rule, belonged 
 to the Society of Friends, and one of the most renowned of whom 
 was Thomas Dimsdale, M.D., who was bom in 1712, educated at 
 St. Thomas's Hospital, and who in 1767 published a book entitled 
 ' The Present Method of Inoculation for the Smallpox.' This 
 passed through many editions, and in 1768 Dimsdale was invited 
 Empress ^ Russia by the Empress Catherine for the purpose of in- 
 inoculated for ooulating herself and her son the Grand Duke Paul. There were 
 smallpox. ignorant persons in Russia in those days, as there are now in this 
 country, and in case of any untoward result the Empress had relays of 
 posthorses ready all the way from St. Petersburg to the frontier for 
 the safe conveyance of Dimsdale out of the empire. Both patients, 
 however, did well, and Dimsdale received the honour of being made a 
 baron and a Councillor of State, together with a sum of 10,00W. down, 
 an annuity of 5001., and 2,000?. for expenses. In 1784 Dimsdale was 
 again summoned to Russia to inoculate the Grand Duke Alexander 
 and his brother Constantine. Inoculation received its deathblow on the 
 introduction of vaccination, which brought about protection with far 
 less risk, but it is interesting to note the election of a Dimsdale to the 
 highest civic post in London at a time when the city is suffering from 
 an outbreak of smallpox. We offer him our congratulations upon the 
 honour to which he has been elected." 
 
 MOZART'S SKULL. 
 
 1901, Oct. 19. The following appeared in The Standard of October 11th, 
 
 Mozart's skull 1901) from its Vienna correspondent : — 
 
 " The skuU of Mozart, which, since the death of Prof. Hyrtl, who 
 kept it in his house, has been transferred from one place to another, 
 has now found its final home in the Museum at Salzburg. The relic 
 was handed over on Sunday last, with all the solenuiity befitting the 
 occasion. An attempt was made some time ago to substitute another 
 skull as that of Mozart's for the one preserved by Prof. Hyrtl, but the 
 fraud was discovered ; upon which, in some mysterious way, the 
 spinrious skull disappeared and the genuine one was restored to its 
 place. Every care will be taken at the Salzburg Museum of what 
 is the only known portion that is left of the great composer's remains. 
 The place of his grave is forgotten, and even for the authenticity of 
 the skull there is only the evidence of a gravedigger, an engraver, 
 and the late Prof. Hyrtl." 
 
 1901, Nov. 2. 
 Chopin MSS. 
 
 CHOPIN MSS. 
 In Tht Daily Telegraph of the 25th of October, 1901, its Paris 
 correspondent states that the Baroness Nathaniel de Rothschild's 
 bequests have now been placed in the Conservatoire de Musique : — 
 
 ' The gifts include several manuscripts of music by Chopin. 
 There are eight pieces, all in the composer's own hand, together with a 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 159 
 
 Berceuse, a Nocturne, and three waltzes. One of these latter is the first 
 composition of the kind by the famous Polish musician ; another is a 
 piece dedicated to Mile. Charlotte de Rothschild, with the inscription 
 * Hommage, Paris, 1842. J. Chopin ' ; and finally the famous Waltz 
 in D fiat." 
 
 It is gratifying to know that the Russian Government has sanctioned 
 the erection of a monument to Chopin at Warsaw. 
 
 Square, and 
 Christina 
 Rosaetti. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH, WOBURN SQUARE. 1901, Nov. 2. 
 
 The theft of the cross from this church, so full of associations ChristOhuroh, 
 with Christina Rossetti, is a cause for universal regret. It was given Wobum 
 by her aunt Eliza Polidori, and consisted of a ruby enamelled 
 globe banded with emeralds set in massive gold, and included a 
 star and crescent of diamonds, the gift of the Sultan of Turkey, 
 in recognition of Miss Polidori's services as one of the nurses in the 
 campaign in the Crimea. The cross occupied a position in front 
 of the reredos filled with paintings by Sir Edward Burne-Jones 
 as a memorial to Christina Rossetti. 
 
 It was to this church that Christina Rossetti's remains were 
 brought on Wednesday, the 2nd of January, 1895, previous to their 
 interment at the cemetery at Highgate. At the service her hymns 
 were sung, as also again on All Saints' Day, 1898, when the memorial 
 was dedicated. Listening to the words, 
 
 " Watchman, what of the night ? " but still 
 
 His answer sounds the same : 
 " No daybreak tops the utmost hill. 
 Nor pale our lamps of flame," 
 
 one thought sadly of the hours of patient suffering she passed through, 
 many a night longing for the dawn, and rejoiced in the thought 
 that her " waysore feet " were now at rest with the friends who had 
 watched her, who had touched the goal and urged her to " come up 
 higher." 
 
 There no more parting, no more pain. 
 
 The distant ones brought near. 
 The lost so long are found again. 
 
 Long lost but longer dear : 
 Eye hath not seen, ear hath not heard. 
 
 Nor heart conceived that rest. 
 With them our good things long deferred. 
 With Jesus Christ oin: Best. 
 
 CURIOUS EPITAPH. 
 
 The following appeared in The Times of the 25th of October, 
 1901 :— 
 
 " C. W. writes : — ^While lately strolling through an old Surrey 
 church containing altar- tombs, escutcheons, and memorials of the 
 
 1901, Nov. 
 
 Curious 
 epitaph. 
 
160 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 house of Exeter the following epitaph on a large marble slab, suspended 
 high in the mortuary chapel, arrested my attention. It is printed in 
 uncials, and I reproduce the arrangement in facsimile : — 
 
 DOKOTHY CECIL tJNMAEEIED 
 AS YET." 
 
 CANON THOMAS TEELLUSSON CARTER. 
 
 1901, Nov. 9. The last of the Tractarians, the Rev. Canon Thomas Thellusson 
 
 Canon Carter, Carter, died on Monday, the 28th of October, 1901, aged ninety- 
 the last of the three. He took his degree a term before Cardinal Manning, and 
 Tractarians. g, year before Gladstone and Archdeacon Denison. The Times 
 in its obituary notice states that " throughout his various incum- 
 bencies he threw himself into the Traetarian task of restoring the 
 services and the teaching of the Church of England to that ' Catholic ' 
 character which, according to the tenets of the school, she lost 
 at the Reformation." 
 
 1901, Nov. 16. 
 
 THE PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 The title Prince of Wales, which has been in abeyance since the 
 death of our beloved Queen Victoria, was renewed by tliC following 
 notice in a " London Gazette Extraordinary " issued on Saturday 
 morning the 9th of November, being the King's birthday : — 
 
 "Whitehall, November 9, 1901. — The King has been pleased to 
 order letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal for creating His 
 Royal Highness Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Duke of Cornwall 
 and York, Duke of Rothesay, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and 
 Duke of Saxony, Earl of Carrick and Inverness, Baron of Renfrew and 
 Killarney, Lord of the Isles, and Great Steward of Scotland, K.G., K.T., 
 K.P., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. 
 
 The Prince was born on the 3rd of June, 1865, and married on 
 the 6th of July, 1893, Princess Victoria Mary (" May ") of Teck. 
 
 Mr. Henry Frowde, of the Oxford University Press, and Messrs. 
 Eyre & Spottiswoode, Printers to His Majesty, on Monday, Novem- 
 ber 11th, issued advance copies of the " George, Prince of Wales, 
 Prayer Book." 
 
 1901, Nov. 16. FIRST NEGRO TO DINE AT THE WHITE HOUSE. 
 
 First Negro President Roosevelt is the first President of the United States 
 
 WMte^Houf * who has invited a negro to dine at the White House. The honour 
 ouse. j^g^g \yQQT[^ accorded to Mr. Booker T. Washington. The Sphere, 
 in giving his portrait on November 9th, states that 
 
 " he has done more to better the conditions of his race than any other 
 living man. He is the head of the splendid educational institution for 
 negroes, formded by himself, at Tuskegee, Alabama." 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ' THE LEISURE HOUR ' — W. AND R. CHAMBERS — 
 CASSELL AND CO. 
 
 THE JUBILEE OF 'THE LEISURE HOUR." 
 
 Friends of pure literature for the people must hail with delight 
 the success which has attended the publication of The Leisure 
 Hour. Its record of fifty years shows uninterrupted progress 
 from the date of its first number, January 1st, 1852, to its Jubilee 
 Part, January, 1902. Its influence for good in encouraging a taste 
 for wholesome reading among the masses has been immense. Refer- 
 ence is made to this by my father in an article on ' The Literature 
 of the People ' in The Athenceum of the 1st of January, 1870, in 
 which he stated that " The Leisure Hour has run the highwayman's 
 horse into a fence, and left him with his head inextricably fixed 
 in it." The earliest projectors of The Leisure Hour at first thought 
 of naming the new ventxire The Friend of the People, but the fornier 
 title found the most favour. 
 
 The Jubilee number contains portraits of a hundred of its 
 contributors. These include those of its first three editors, W. 
 Haig Miller, Dr. James Macaulay, and William Stevens, with bio- 
 graphical notices. A record is given of the chief subjects treated 
 of during the fifty years, and it forms almost a history of the nation's 
 progress. To travel and discovery a prominent place has always 
 been accorded, and in 1852 Dr. John Kennedy contributed papers 
 on Sir John Franklin's Arctic expedition ; there were also articles 
 on Australia and its then recently discovered gold diggings, and a 
 description of M. Dupont's proposal to span the Atlantic by sus- 
 pending a cable by means of buoys placed at certain determinate 
 distances. In 1853 we have an account of Layard's explorations 
 at Nineveh, and ojE Commander M'Clure's voyage during the same 
 year, when he proved the circumnavigation of North America 
 possible by the North- West Passage. For this he received the 
 honour of knighthood and also a gift of 5,000Z. 
 
 It was not until 1854 that fiction began to assume the longer 
 serial form. During this year and 1855 considerable space was 
 devoted to Russia and the war. Mention is made, among other 
 things, of the great kindness shown to the Russian prisoners of 
 war, of whom there were 400 at Lewes, and who were much surprised 
 at their treatment. On first receiving intimation that they were 
 to be taken out for a walk they wept and wrung their hands, sup- 
 
 1901, Dec. 28. 
 
 The Jubilee of 
 
 The Leisure 
 
 Bout. 
 
 John Francis 
 
 on ' The 
 Literature of 
 the People.' 
 
 Portraits of 
 Contributors. 
 
162 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Mrs. Henry- 
 Wood's ' A 
 Life's Secret.' 
 
 1902, Jan. 4. 
 
 Becomes a 
 monthly. 
 
 John Francis 
 advises adver- 
 tisements in 
 monthly 
 parts. 
 
 Gilbert, its 
 
 principal 
 
 artist. 
 
 James 
 
 Bowden and 
 
 Eev. Richard 
 
 Lovett. 
 
 posing they were to be led to execution. In 1858 space is largely 
 appropriated to the Indian Mutiny, and a description of the laying 
 of the Atlantic cable is also communicated in a series of papers. 
 In 1859 Dr. Scoffern contributed articles on the South Kensington 
 Museum ; and an illustration is given of the first public drinking 
 fountain, opened on the 21st of April near the church of St. Sepul- 
 chre, Skinner Street. In 1861 the war in Italy and the Civil War 
 in America are among the subjects treated at length. 
 
 In 1862, a new and enlarged series was launched, and the 
 contents included Mrs. Henry Wood's tale ' A Life's Secret,' which 
 touched on the question of strikes. While she was writing this 
 her ' East Lynne ' appeared, and The Times pronounced it to be 
 the novel of the year. In 1863, for the first time, coloured plates 
 were inserted, twelve being given in the volume. In 1864 the 
 subjects include ' Four Years in the Prisons of Rome,' by one 
 who had been a judge in Venice ; ' African Exploration ' ; and 
 ' 'xne War in New Zealand,' the criticism on which is very severe. 
 In 1866 Mr. Edward Whymper relates his ascent of the Aiguille 
 Verte ; and in 1868 the Abyssinian War is described in a series 
 of articles by one of the captives at Magdala. 
 
 The contents of the volume for the year 1901 include ' Queen 
 Victoria,' by the Dean of Canterbury, and ' The Inauguration of 
 the Australian Commonwealth,' by " Our Australian Correspondent." 
 
 Like Chambers's Journal, which was started on the 4th of 
 February, 1832, The Leisure Hour used to be pubUshed in weekly 
 numbers as well as in monthly parts, but the sale of the weekly 
 issue gradually fell off, while that of the monthly part increased, 
 and in 1881 the weekly issue was abandoned. In the fresh series 
 music was introduced, SuUivan contributing a duet, ' The Sisters,' 
 based on newly published words, for the use of which Tennyson 
 gave special permission. In 1900 great changes were again made, 
 both in the size and appearance of the magazine, bringing it well 
 up to modern requirements. My father frequently advised that 
 advertisements should be taken for the monthly parts, and repre- 
 sented what an additional source of revenue they would prove; 
 but for many years no advertisements except a few from its own 
 pubhsher were inserted, " the commercial advantage being held 
 to be subordinate to the general aim." 
 
 The Leisure Hour has always been noted for its excellent 
 illustrations. Mr. (afterwards Sir) John Gilbert was for a long 
 period its principal artist, and as a contrast to later times, it is 
 interesting to note that at the height of his fame he never charged 
 more than five guineas a drawing. 
 
 Through the kindness of Mr. James Bowden and the Rev. 
 Richard Lovett, I am in a position to give the number of pubhoa- 
 tions of all kinds issued by the Rehgious Tract Society during the 
 year ending March 31st, 1901, and the total issues from the forma- 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 163 
 
 Tract 
 
 Society's 
 
 Publications. 
 
 tion of the Society. During that year 682 new publications were Total issue of 
 
 issued, of which 268 were tracts. The Society has already published Religious 
 
 or helped others to publish, books and tracts in 250 languages, 
 
 dialects, and characters. The total circulation in the year from 
 
 the home depot, including books, tracts, booklets, handbills, 
 
 periodicals (reckoned in numbers), cards, and miscellaneous issues, 
 
 reached 31,646,560, including 15,227,990 tracts. The issues from 
 
 foreign depots, so far as can be ascertained, amounted to 20,000,000, 
 
 making a total circulation of 51,646,560, and of 3,438,565,420 since 
 
 the formation of the Society. 
 
 The Jubilee number records the important services rendered 
 to the literature of the people by the Messrs. Chambers and John 
 CasseU. In addition to these mention should be made of the 
 father of our periodical literature, John Limbird, as well as Charles 
 Knight. In January, 1822, Limbird started The Mirror, and it 
 was published weekly at the then low price of twopence. It con- 
 sisted of a sheet of sixteen demy octavo pages, with one or two 
 woodcuts. In The Athenaeum for the 22nd of January, 1831, 
 the bound volume for the half year received high praise : "It 
 is just the humanizing volume that ought to dehght the fireside 
 of every cottage in the kingdom." The notice was evidently 
 written by Mr. Dilke. John Limbird died on the 30th of October, 
 1883, aged eighty-eight. The Penny Magazine was started ten 
 years after The Mirror, being begun in March, 1832, Charles Knight 
 undertaking the risk and becomiag its editor, Alexander Ram- 
 say acting as sub-editor. The title was originated by Mr. M. D. 
 Hill, then member for Hull. Mr. Bulwer (afterwards Lord Lytton) 
 in the House of Commons described it as " affording a trumpery 
 education to the people," and Dr. Arnold described it as " all 
 ramble-scramble." De Morgan was amongst its first contributors, 
 writing for it a series of mathematical papers. Such was its suc- 
 cess that at the end of its first year it had reached a sale of 200,000. 
 The magazine terminated unexpectedly in 1845. 
 
 Important 
 
 services of the 
 
 brothers 
 
 Chambers, 
 
 Cassell, John 
 
 Limbird, and 
 
 Charles 
 
 Knight. 
 
 The Penny 
 Magazine. 
 
 'CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL.' 
 
 Of the progress made by Chambers's Edinburgh Journal when 
 entering on its fourteenth year, the number for January 4th, 1845, 
 contains an interesting account. The sale of the monthly part 
 is given as forty thousand, while that of ' Chambers's Information 
 for the People ' had been about a hundred and thirty thousand ; 
 and the same article states that upwards of a quarter of a mUhon 
 of printed sheets left the house every week, " being as many as the 
 whole newspaper press of Scotland issued in a month about the 
 year 1833." It is curious that in the same article a suggestion 
 should be made that books should be sold by general dealers. 
 
 1-2 
 
 Chambers's 
 
 Edinhurgh 
 
 Jmi/rnal. 
 
164 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Its Jubilee in 
 1882. 
 
 Records death 
 
 of Scott: 
 
 William and 
 
 Robert 
 
 Chambers 
 
 present at 
 
 funeral. 
 
 1902, Jan. 11. 
 
 Rapid success 
 
 of the 
 
 JovTnal. 
 
 Robert 
 Cochrane. 
 
 George 
 Meredith's 
 'Chillian- 
 
 wallah.' 
 
 Payn's first 
 novel. 
 
 Stanley J. 
 
 Weyman, 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Hardy, and 
 
 Conan Doyle 
 
 contributors. 
 
 Although Chambers's Journal is still issued in weekly numbers, 
 the monthly-part sale is far the larger. In 1882 its Jubilee was 
 celebrated, when the publishers and booksellers of Edinburgh 
 presented an address to William Chambers. To this nearly sixty 
 firms appended their signatures, and in the number for the 28th of 
 January of that year Mr. William Chambers gave ' Riminiscences 
 of a Long and Busy Life,' including a history of the founding of 
 the Journal and much interesting information concerning himself 
 and his brother Robert. Seven months after the starting of the 
 Journal literature had to mourn the death of Sir Walter Scott, 
 which occurred on the 21st of September, 1832. At the funeral 
 which took place on Wednesday, the 26th, the brothers were 
 present, being amongst the ten or twelve persons who had come 
 from Edinburgh for the purpose. WiUiam wrote of it : " The 
 spectacle presented at the final solemnity — the large concourse 
 of mourners clustered under the trees near the ruins of the Abbey 
 of Dryburgh, the sonorous reading of the funeral service amidst 
 the silent crowd, and the gloomy atmosphere overhead — is one 
 never to be obliterated from remembrance. To the thirty-fifth 
 number of Chamhers' s Journal he contributed, by way of supple- 
 ment, the fullest account of Scott's life issued up till that time, 
 which had a sale of over a hundred and eighty thousand copies. 
 
 Mr. William Chambers had formed high expectations as to the 
 success of the Journal, but these were far exceeded. In a few days 
 there was, for Scotland, the unprecedented sale of thirty thousand 
 copies. An agency was established in London, and the circulation 
 rose to fifty thousand, which in after years increased to eighty 
 thousand. It has been the custom of the Journal from time to 
 time to take its readers into its confidence and to give articles on 
 its progress. Mr. Robert Cochrane has called my attention to these. 
 On January 19th, 1895, ' Some Notable Beginners in Chambers's 
 Journal ' mentions that on July 7th, 1849, George Meredith's first 
 contribution, ' Chillian wallah,' appeared. This memorializes the 
 bloody fight which took place at the village of that name in the 
 Punjab during the second Sikh war, on the 13th of January, 1849. 
 Mr. Payn also contributed his first novel, ' The Family Scapegrace.' 
 He was editor from 1858 to 1871. 
 
 On November 6th, 1897, another contribution to the history 
 of the Journal was made, and again on the 17th of November, 1900. 
 
 Its contributors have included, among many other well-known 
 names, Robert William Jamieson, the father of " Dr. Jim," who 
 contributed ' Who Wrote Shakespeare ? ' August 7th, 1852 ; Mr. 
 Stanley J. Weyman on Oxford life ; Thomas Hardy, ' How I built 
 myself a House,' March 18th, 1865 ; Sir A. Conan Doyle, whose 
 first short story appeared in 1879, ' The Mystery of Sasassa Valley,' 
 a South African story ; Mr. D. Christie Murray ; Sir Wemyss Reid ; 
 and Sir Leslie Stephen. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 165 
 
 Dr. A. K. H. Boyd was wont to say that " the Journal was read 
 in Scotland by everybody who read anything at all." There 
 can be no doubt that its early success was largely due to the fact 
 that at that time the price of newspapers was usually sevenpence, 
 owing to the heavy stamp and advertisement duties ; Chambers's 
 Journal, being free from these exactions, sold at threehalfpence, 
 and in point of size was nearly as large as a newspaper. But while 
 the publication of the Chamberses were free from the stamp and ad- 
 vertisement taxes, they had to bear a heavy burden in the shape 
 of the paper duty ; and when my father founded the Press Associa- 
 tion for its abohtion, the three brothers William, Robert, and 
 David took an active part in the movement until repeal was secured. 
 On the occasion of the presentation made to my father on the 
 19th of January, 1863, to commemorate his services in promoting 
 the repeal of the taxes upon literature and the Press, Mr. David 
 Chambers stated that during the twenty years previoris to the tax 
 being abolished it had cost the firm 160,000L, while on their " Tracts 
 for the People " alone they paid 10,OOOL These had to be aban- 
 doned on account of the heavy duty. 
 
 It is pleasing to know that all the useful publications issued 
 by the firm are prospering. The new edition of ' Chambers's 
 Encyclopaedia ' is selling well ; ' Chambers's Twentieth Century 
 Dictionary,' edited by the Rev. T. Davidson, is a success ; and the 
 new edition of the ' Cyclopaedia of Literature,' edited by D. Patrick, 
 LL.D., has met with a good reception. 
 
 The present editor of the Journal is Mr. Charles E. S. Chambers, 
 grandson to its distinguished founder. In February, 1908, he 
 had the happiness of celebrating its seventy-fifth anniversary, and 
 preserving as he does its best traditions, there is every prospect 
 of its being as vigorous and successful when it shall have completed 
 its hundredth year. 
 
 JOHN CASSELL. 
 John Cassell came into the field of cheap literature much later Jolin Cassell. 
 than the Chamberses, The Working Man's Friend and Family 
 Instructor not appearing until January, 1850. It consisted of 
 thirty-two pages, crown 8vo, price one penny, and was published at 
 335, Strand. Mr. Pike, in his life of John CasseU, gives an extract 
 from The Working Man's Friend of November 1st, 1851, as to the 
 sale of the ten daily papers then published in London, the total 
 being 64,408. Of these The Times absorbed 38,382, The Morning 
 Chronicle 2,915, and The Daily News 3,630, the united circulation 
 of the seven other papers being under 20,000. On the 3rd of April, 
 1852, ' The Popular Educator ' was started, its first editor being 
 Prof. Wallace, of Glasgow ; and in July of the same year Cassell 
 removed from the Strand to La Belle Sauvage Yard, the home of 
 the present firm. 
 
 William, 
 
 Robert, and 
 
 David 
 
 Chambers join 
 
 John 
 
 Francis's 
 
 Association 
 
 for repeal of 
 
 the Paper 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Prosperity of 
 Chambers's 
 publications. 
 
 Charles E. S. 
 Chambers. 
 
166 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 CasselVs 
 
 Magazine : 
 
 Moy Thomas 
 
 first editor. 
 
 His early 
 contributions 
 to Chaviiers's 
 
 Jmirnal. 
 
 The Quiver. John Cassell was the first editor of The Quiver, started in 1861. 
 
 He was succeeded by the Rev. Henry Wright, John W. Clark, 
 Canon Teignmouth Shore, and the Rev. Dr. R. G. Bonavia Hunt. 
 The present occupant of the editorial chair is Mr. David 
 Williamson. 
 
 CasselVs Magazine started on the 9th of March, 1867. Its 
 first editor was W. Moy Thomas. He was among the early con- 
 tributors to Chambers's Journal, a poem of his entitled ' Autumn ' 
 appearing on the 27th of November, 1847, when he was only nine- 
 teen. It is a sweet picture of the country in autumn, when 
 Sometimes, day by day, the hazel tint 
 
 Grows deeper on the mass of forest trees. 
 
 And not a single breath from heaven is sent 
 
 To cool the ruddy fruits, that by degrees 
 
 Wax ripe and riper in a dreamy ease. 
 
 TiU the sharp north wind cometh unaware, 
 And haH relieves the laden orchard-bough ; 
 And like hoar death, that kills the good and fair. 
 Lays autumn's loveliest bells and blossoms low, 
 And sudden winter falls wherever it doth blow. 
 
 Mr. Moy Thomas was followed in the editorship by the Rev. H. E. 
 Haweis, John Lovell, G. M. Fenn, Dr. Hunt, Mr. Max Pemberton, 
 and Mr. David Williamson. 
 
 The Saturday Journal was estabhshed on the 6th of October, 
 1883. Its first editor was Dr. Hunt, followed by Mr. Laird Clowes 
 and Mr. Ernest Foster. The present editor is Mr. Newman Flower. 
 Among more recent additions to Messrs. Cassell's pubUcations are 
 The Penny Magazine, started in 1898, and The Storyteller in March, 
 1907. Both these popular magazines are edited by Mr. Newman 
 Flower, who has occupied that position for some years on The Penny 
 Magazine, and from the start on The Storyteller. The latter was 
 the first magazine to devote itself from cover to cover to fiction 
 by well-known authors. It should not be forgotten that Messrs. 
 CasseU also founded The Echo (see p. 16). 
 
 The number of hands employed is about twelve hundred, 
 the present general manager being Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, who well 
 preserves the traditions of the firm. It is pleasing to know that by 
 September, 1908, 700,000 volumes of "The People's Library" 
 had been sold. 
 
 It is curious that John CasseU, the originator of this large 
 business, had no knowledge of publishing. He died at the early 
 age of forty-eight, on the 2nd of April, 1865, the same day as Richard 
 Cobden, who had shown him much friendship. CasseU took an 
 active part in the repeal of the Paper Duty, and with my father 
 visited Edinburgh and DubUn, where they formed branch associa- 
 tions in coimexion with the one in London to forward repeal. Cas- 
 seU's only daughter is stUl living, and shows great interest in the 
 
 Satvrday 
 Journal. 
 
 Death of John 
 Cassell. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 167 
 
 progress of the good work started by her father. She recently paid 
 a visit to the establishment. 
 
 One cannot close this rapid glance at some of the men who have 
 done so much for our cheap literature without an expression of 
 gratitude to them for having served their generation faithfully 
 and well. 
 
 FIRST GENTLEMAN OF COLOUR TO RECEIVE KNIGHTHOOD. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph of February 1st, 1902, records the death 1902, Feb. 8. 
 of Sir William Conrad Reeves, who was the first gentleman of First 
 colour to receive the distinction of Knighthood and to occupy gentleman of 
 the position of a British Chief Justice. He was, according to receive 
 ' Whitaker's Peerage,' born in 1841, and married, in 1868, Margaret, Knighthood. 
 nee Rudder. In early hfe he came from the Barbados to England, 
 entered the Middle Temple, was called in 1863, and after returning 
 to the West Indies practised for some time at the Bar. He became 
 Attorney-General in St. Vincent in 1867, was appointed Q.C. in 
 1883, in 1886 was made Chief Justice of Barbados, and in 1889 
 received the honour of Knighthood. 
 
 CHARLES KENT. 
 
 Charles Kent, an old contributor to ' N. & Q.,' who died on 1902, March 8. 
 the 23rd of February, 1902, was born in London on the 3rd of Charles Kent, 
 November, 1823, and was the son of William Kent, R.N., who was "Eight 
 bom at the old Government House, Sydney, on December 23rd, friend and^ 
 1799. At the early age of twenty-two Charles Kent became editor ^ eman. 
 of The Sun evening newspaper, and from 1874 to 1881 he edited 
 The Weekly Register. He was a contributor to the ' Dictionary of 
 National Biography ' and ' The Encyclopaedia Britannica,' and 
 was an authority on the works of Leigh Hunt, Lytton, and Charles 
 Dickens. In ' N. & Q.' for September 4th, 1875, he wrote an 
 interesting reply to Mr. Townshend Mayer in reference to Lord 
 Lytton's introduction of several of his contemporaries into his 
 ' King Arthur.' Kent's long life was devoted to literature, and 
 in recognition of his services a Civil List pension of lOOZ. a year 
 was conferred upon him. He was one of the most lovable of men, 
 and the inscription he caused to be placed on Leigh Hunt's tomb 
 might well find a place on his — " Write me as one who loves his 
 feUow-men." We who knew him say of him, as Leigh Hunt said, 
 " Right friend and gentleman." 
 
 'THE SUN.' 
 
 It is curious that at the present time [March 2nd, 1907] there 1907, March 2. 
 should be only one paper in the United Kingdom bearing the title The Sm. 
 of Sun, and that a weekly journal. The Sun is an historical title 
 among newspapers on account of the evening paper of that name 
 
168 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 started by William Pitt while he was Prime Minister, with George 
 Rose as its first editor. In 1825 it was purchased by Murdo Young, 
 a man full of energy, who was the first to send express siccounts 
 of important meetings to the leading towns. His enterprise in 
 this direction once led him into a serious mistake. A meeting 
 was announced to be held on Penenden Heath in favour of Catholic 
 "Speechless Emancipation. Richard Lalor Shell was to speak, and as he 
 ^' ■ attached considerable importance to the event, he wrote the speech 
 out in fuU. Young, desiring to have it in time for the evening 
 mail, obtained the manuscript from Shell, and published it in The 
 Sun the same evening, interlarding it with such phrases as " vehe- 
 ment applause," " loud and long-continued cheering," &c. ; but 
 unfortunately the speech was not delivered, Sheil not being able 
 to obtain a hearing. A favourite phrase afterwards applied to the 
 eloquent orator was that of " Speechless Sheil." Murdo Young's 
 energy inspired others, and in 1845 he conferred the editorship 
 on his son-in-law Charles Kent, who, as mentioned above, was then 
 only twenty- two. 
 
 FIRST BRITISH SUBJECT BORN IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 1902, Mar. 15. In the obituary notice of Charles Kent (see above) mention 
 
 Wil iamKent. is made of his father, Wilham Kent, R.N., who was born at the old 
 Government House in Sydney on December 23rd, 1799. He was 
 the first British subject born in the colony, his great-uncle. Admiral 
 John Hunter, being at that time the Governor of New South Wales. 
 Charles Kent's grandfather, Capt. Kent, was the first Government 
 Surveyor of the Australian coast, and was the discoverer of Kent 
 Islands and the Gulf of St. Vincent. His wife is buried in St. Mary's, 
 Paddington Green, where a mural monument commemorates 
 her travels. 
 
 1902, Mar. 22. 
 
 Japanese 
 regalia. 
 
 Christ's 
 Hospital. 
 
 THE JAPANESE REGALIA. 
 
 In The Daily Telegraph of March 15th, 1902, is an interesting 
 account of a lecture given by Mr. Goji Ukita, Chancellor of the 
 Japanese Legation, on the Imperial regalia of Japan. It appears 
 that these emblems consist of the Mirror, symbolic of Knowledge ; 
 the Sword, for Courage ; and the Divine Jewels, for Mercy. They 
 are merely of copper, steel, and stone. The regaUa have the 
 highest significance, it being held that no Emperor can rule without 
 the three virtues which they represent. 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. 
 (See ' Last of an Old City Custom,' p. 157.) 
 
 On Sunday, March 16th, 1902, the boys of the Bluecoat School 
 attended service at Christ Church, Newgate Street, for. the last time 
 previous to their removal to Horsham. The Lord Mayor and 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 169 
 
 Sheriffs were present, and the sermon was preached by the Bishop 
 of London, who referred to the fact that his predecessor, Bishop 
 Ridley, in 1552 preached at the opening of the school before King 
 Edward VI., and now in the reign of Edward VII. it fell to his lot 
 to bid the scholars farewell. The Bishop stated that one of the 
 old chalices which Christ's Hospital has used for 350 years would 
 accompany the school to their new chapel, and closed his address 
 with the wish that " the Hospital of Christ, most beautiful of names, 
 may continue to teach and train up many and many brave and great 
 young Englishmen for generations yet unborn." 
 
 CLIFFORD'S INN. 
 
 This oldest Inn of Chancery was the subject of an action 1902, Mar. 29. 
 in the Court of Appeal on Wednesday, March 19th, 1902. Along Clifford's Inn. 
 with New Inn it is the only Inn of Chancery remaining out of ten 
 that fulfils its original functions as a kind of preparatory school 
 to the Inns of Court. The question before the Court was whether 
 the Inn belongs to the individual members for their own personal 
 benefit, or whether, as Mr. Justice Cozens-Hardy had decided, 
 it was held subject to a trust for charitable purposes. At present 
 there are only sixteen members, of whom four were plaintiffs 
 in the action and the remainder defendants. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph of March 20th contains an interesting Its history. 
 report of the action. Mr. Ralph Nevill, K.C., on behalf of the 
 appellants, stated that in 1345 the property was let to members 
 of the society, one of the Inns of Chancery, by Isabella de Clifford, 
 at a rent of \0l. a year. From time immemorial the society had been 
 governed by a principal and twelve " rules " or " antients," who 
 formed the upper ten or " upper mess." The rest formed the 
 " lower mess " or " Kentish mess." Originally all the members 
 were engaged in some way in the practice of the law. The property 
 itself upon which the Inn stood was granted by Edward II. to 
 Robert de Clifford in 1310. In 1618 the land leased was granted 
 by Francis, Earl of Cumberland, and Henry, Lord Chfford, to the 
 twelve " rules." The society was not incorporated, but was a 
 voluntary society, their powers concerning admission being dele- 
 gated by the judges. Before the end of the thirteenth century 
 these Inns of Chancery had seen their best days, and became 
 merely meeting-places for social purposes and for the encouragement 
 of the study of the law. In 1884 there were only nine members 
 in the " Kentish mess " remaining. Mr. Nevill gave some curious 
 quotations from the rules, going back to 1485. The fee for ad- 
 mission was forty pence ; penalty for staying out after the gates 
 were shut at nine o'clock sixpence ; a member who tore or spoiled 
 a table-cloth was fined twopence ; for being late at dinner the fine 
 was one penny. The game of " tables " might be played " in an 
 honest manner without gambling." 
 
170 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Master of the 
 Rolls gives 
 judgment. 
 
 The Master of the Rolls in giving judgment said that the 
 evidence, in his opinion, that Clifford's Inn was charged to a charit- 
 able trust, was abundantly clear — so clear, indeed, as to be beyond 
 controversy. For these reasons the decision of Lord Justice Cozens- 
 Hardy was perfectly right, and ought to be affirmed. 
 
 CAXTON RECORD PRICE. 
 
 1902, Mar. 29. On Thursday, March 20th, 1902, Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson 
 
 & Hodge sold what is probably the finest existing copy of ' The 
 Ryal (or Royall) Book, or Book for a King,' printed by William 
 Caxton at Westminster, 1487. Of the other recorded four perfect 
 copies, one fetched in 1901 1,550Z. ; the others are in pubUc hb- 
 raries. The copy sold on March 20th was at the Caxton Exhibition 
 in 1877. The biddings rose to 1,800 guineas, after which the fight 
 was between Mr. Quaritch and Messrs. B. F. Stevens, it being 
 eventually knocked down to Mr. Quaritch for 2,2252. 
 
 1902, April 5. 
 
 Owens 
 College 
 Jubilee. 
 
 Success of 
 the College. 
 
 The 
 
 Atheruenm 
 
 records its 
 
 coming of age. 
 
 OWENS COLLEGE JUBILEE. 
 
 A complete history of the College down to 1886 has been written 
 by Mr. Alderman Thompson, who has been associated with it 
 from its earhest years, and who has always been among its most 
 ardent promoters. To him I was indebted for much information 
 concerning the College when compiling my book on the fifty years' 
 work of The Athenaeum. On the 12th of March, 1902, he had the 
 satisfaction of handing the keys of the Whitworth Hall to the 
 Prince of Wales. 
 
 The success of the CoUege is now so complete that it is hard to 
 reaUze the struggle it had for very life in its early years. The 
 Manchester Guardian in its leading article on the 9th of July, 1858, 
 distinctly pronounced the CoUege to be a failure ; and The Man- 
 chester Examiner on the 20th of the same month stated that " the 
 most that can be said of the CoUege is that it is too good for us. 
 .... The crowd rolls along Deansgate heedless of the proximity 
 of Plato and Aristotle." Owens CoUege, however, was not to be a 
 failure, thanks to the undaunted zeal of the men associated with it. 
 The Athenceum of the 19th of October, 1872, records that "its 
 coming of age has been properly signaUzed by its change from a 
 private to a public institution by special Act of Parliament ; the 
 old trustees have abolished themselves in favour of forty-two 
 governors. . . .Thus has the simple scheme of the executors of Mr. 
 Owens developed in twenty-one years into an institution possessing 
 most of the elements of a university." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 171 
 
 The first Principal of the College, Alexander John Scott, M.A., 
 was a man who exercised great personal influence and won much 
 affection. Maurice dedicated to him his ' Mediaeval Philosophy,' 
 Baldwin Brown his ' Home Life in the Light of the Divine Idea,' 
 and George Mac Donald his ' Robert Falconer.' 
 
 The first two scholarships founded were to commemorate the 
 visit of Queen Victoria to Manchester in 1851. One, the Victoria 
 (Classical Scholarship), was given by Samuel Fletcher, and the 
 other, the Wellington (Greek Testament) Scholarship, in memory of 
 the Duke of Wellington, who accompanied her Majesty. This was 
 the gift of George Faulkner. 
 
 The Jubilee celebration was in every way in accord with the 
 directions left by the founder, that the College should be " free 
 from the religious tests which hmit the extension of university 
 education." The opening service was held in the Cathedral, when 
 the preacher was the Bishop of Manchester ; the closing service, 
 " by the request of the Court of Governors," was held in Union 
 Chapel, Dr. Maclaren, the President of the Baptist denomination, 
 upon whom the College has conferred the degree of Litt.D., being 
 the preacher. 
 
 Its first 
 
 principal, 
 
 Alexander 
 
 John Scott. 
 
 Queen 
 
 Victoria's 
 
 visit. 
 
 " CHIC." 
 
 It appears that this word is now recognized officially as good 1902, April 19. 
 French, having been adopted by the French Academy. " Chic." 
 
 MIDDLE TEMPLE PRIVILEGES. 
 
 The Middle Temple Benchers have refused permission to the 1902, April 26. 
 
 Post Office authorities to open the roads and lay telephone wires Middle 
 
 within the precincts over which they have control. Temple 
 
 privileges. 
 
 ' BEN-HUE.' 
 
 The Jewish World of April 4th, 1902, states that " there was 
 only one real Ben-Hur in Jewish history, and he Uved in the time 
 of Joshua." It continues : — 
 
 " This is the third Jewish historical play presented in London in a 
 few years. More intense than either, but never so elegantly mounted, 
 is a Yiddish opera-drama, ' The Fall of Jerusalem,' which in its turn 
 is succeeded by the ' Bar Coohba ' opera. Next in chronological order 
 is Lessing's ' Nathan the Wise,' which deals with the Crusading time in 
 Palestine. Emma Lazarus wrote a play of the same period concerning 
 the Jews in Germany, so that if an attempt were made, Jewish history 
 could be put upon the stage in something like its sequence. Dr. 
 Herzl's ' Modern Ghetto ' and Dr. Nordau's ' Dr. Kohn ' are the expres- 
 sion of the beginning of the twentieth century." 
 
 1902, April 26. 
 ' Ben-Hur.' 
 
172 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1902, April 26. 
 
 Christ's 
 
 Hospital : 
 
 the last of the 
 
 "Blues." 
 
 1902, May 3. 
 
 Mallet used 
 
 by 
 
 Christopher 
 
 Wren. 
 
 1902, May 3. 
 
 Jewish May 
 meetings. 
 
 First 
 
 Religious 
 
 Union. 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL: THE LAST OF THE "BLUES." 
 
 (See ante, pp. 157, 168.) 
 
 The Standard of April 21st, 1902, contains the following inter- 
 esting account of the closing of the old school : — 
 
 " Only a few boys had remained within the gates diiring Friday 
 night, a portion of which was spent in the observance of a custom 
 which wiU, no doubt, appeal to the sympathies of ' Old Blues ' all over 
 the world. The ' Grecians ' formed a long single file, each youth 
 carrying a candle, and as they beat the boundaries of the hospital they 
 kicked at walls of well-known spots bearing such mystic geographical 
 expressions as ' Gymmer Door,' ' Sixes Tubby's Hole,' ' The Rid's 
 Staircase,' ' The Z Minor,' and ' Haggery Stairs.' The perambulation 
 having been completed to the intense satisfaction of all concerned, the 
 boys stretched hands across the playground, and, marching up and 
 down three times, sang ' Auld Lang Syne.' The quaint ceremony 
 concluded with lusty cheers for the pious founder and benefactors." 
 
 MALLET USED BY CHRISTOPHER WREN. 
 
 The Standard of the 23rd of April, 1902, states that at the laying 
 of the foundation stone of the new mission church of the Good 
 Shepherd, Small Heath, Birmingham, which took place on the 
 previous day with fuU Masonic ritual. Lord Leigh, the Provincial 
 Grand Master of Warwickshire, made use of the mallet known as 
 the Wren gavel, which was employed by Sir Christopher Wren at 
 the laying of the foundation stone of St. Paul's Cathedral in 1675. 
 
 JEWISH MAY MEETINGS. 
 
 On the 11th of May, 1902, the Jewish community will for the 
 first time associate itself with the May meetings customs. The 
 Daily News of April 21st states that " the conference will be unique 
 in the annals of English Jews .... All the synagogues in the United 
 Kingdom have been invited to the first of these f orgatherings, which 
 will be held in London on the 11th of May next." Sir Samuel 
 Montagu is to preside. The object of the conference is to unite 
 London and provincial Jews in the common work of the community. 
 One of the very first tasks to which the conference will address itself 
 will be the dispersion (so far as practicable) of the seething Ghettoes 
 in the East-End of London and several provincial to^vns. It is 
 proposed to hold the conference every year in a different town, and 
 it will be known as the " Jewish Congregational League." 
 
 There is also a new reform movement now going on (1908) 
 among a portion of the Jewish community. The Jewish Religious 
 Union consLats of men and women belonging to the different sections 
 of the Jews, who have come together to try to combat by various 
 methods religious apathy and indifference. It is a lay movement, 
 the sermons always being preached by prominent laymen ; and 
 in order to bring the services more in touch Avith the present day, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 173 
 
 there are both an organ and a mixed choir, although orthodoxy 
 will not permit the organ to be played on the Sabbath. Berkeley 
 Street Synagogue is the only one in London where the organ is to 
 be heard on that day. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AT THE TIME OF THE CORONATION OF 
 QUEEN VICTORIA. 
 
 On the 6th of December, 1837, Dr. Arnold wrote to his friend 1902, June 28. 
 Mr. Piatt, " A newspaper requires a more condensed and practical Newspapers 
 style than I am equal to." This was written in the days of small at the time of 
 papers and small sales, and the daily papers of the present day *? , 
 
 would have been regarded as little short of a miracle. ''°'^*Queen 
 
 On the 17th of June, 1908, The Daily Telegraph with just victoria. 
 pride announced "another record in the history of English 
 journalism." The paper on that day was increased to twenty-four 
 pages, and it was stated that it was the first time in this country 
 that "a daily newspaper of twenty-four pages had made its 
 appearance as the completed product of a single printing machine." 
 The machine carries three reels of paper, each from four to five 
 miles long, and travelling at a rate which may vary from a quarter to 
 half a mile a minute. 
 
 The Sun in 1838 gave a full account of the Coronation of the 
 Queen, printed in letters of gold. This was limited to four pages ; 
 and The Weekly Chronicle of July 1st, 1838, an excellent facsimile 
 of which was issued by the proprietors of The Evening News on 
 Monday, the 16th of June, 1902, had a like limit. Its leader, 
 written the day before the ceremony, states that London is teem- 
 ing with life. The mass of human beings congregated within 
 the metropoUs defies calculation. The writer was evidently a 
 veteran on the press, for he remembered the celebration of peace 
 in 1814 and the last two Coronations ; " but we can recall 
 nothing in the least comparable to the present display." " We only 
 pray that our fickle climate may not mar the effect of these vast 
 preparations." In the same paper it is announced " that 
 the hour is now at hand when the last remnant of 
 slavery will expire throughout the dominions of Great Britain." 
 " By the last packet the gratifying intelligence has been received 
 that in Barbadoes, as well as most of the smaller islands, 
 the colonial legislatures have resolved to meet the wishes of the 
 people of England by the general emancipation on the first of 
 August of the apprentices." 
 
 A very interesting account of the Press and the last Coronation, 
 by Henry Charles Moore, is given in ' The Newspaper Press Direc- 
 tory,' edited by my old friend Mr. Walter Wellsman. Mr. Moore 
 has been at much pains in collecting extracts from the reports 
 which appeared in the various papers. At the time the daily 
 
174 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The Olobe. 
 
 The limes. 
 
 The Morning 
 Post. 
 
 Press passes 
 
 first issued by 
 
 the Police. 
 
 Henry 
 Vizetelly. 
 
 The, Oiserver : 
 
 Vincent 
 Bowling and 
 the Duke of 
 Wellington. 
 
 papers in the whole of the United Kingdom did not number twenty, 
 the price being, for the most part, fivepence. There were no 
 illustrated papers. 
 
 The Olobe was the first of the important papers to publish an 
 account of the Coronation, and, in mentioning the presence of the 
 poet Campbell, stated that in his written application to the Earl 
 Marshal he had remarked that there was a place in the Abbey called 
 Poets' Corner, and suggested that room could, perhaps, be found 
 there for a poor living poet. The Globe mentions that one noble 
 lord had been detected in selUng by pubhc advertisement the 
 order for admission which had been presented to him. The ticket 
 was stopped, and the twenty-five guineas obtained for it had to be 
 refunded. The Times devoted thirty-three columns to the Corona- 
 tion. Referring to the conduct of the Westminster boys, who 
 hailed the Queen with noisy shouts of " Regina Victoria ! " it said, 
 " It might have been as well had they been banished entirely from 
 the Abbey, for a more murderous scream of recognition than that 
 which they gave Her Majesty Queen Victoria was never before 
 heard by civilized ears." 
 
 The Morning Post described the scene in the Abbey as being 
 quite theatrical, asserting " that it would be difficult to arrange, 
 with the greatest resources of the finest theatre in the world, any- 
 thing capable of the same result." 
 
 The Coronation was the first pubUc ceremony at which Press 
 passes were issued by the police. Henry VizeteUy was provided 
 with one in order that he might make sketches for the double 
 number of The Observer. Vizetelly, in his ' Glances Back through 
 Seventy Years,' mentions that special sketches had to be made 
 of the State coach and the various uniforms of the Beefeaters, 
 Gentlemen-at-arms, &c. Near the Abbey he 
 
 " encountered many ladies and gentlemen in Court and full dress — the 
 ladies with nodding plumes on their heads and dainty white satin shoes 
 on their feet, and with their embarrassing long trains gathered up in 
 their arms — who, foreseeing a possible difficulty of reaching the Abbey 
 in their carriages, were calmly proceeding there on foot, laughing 
 among themselves at the curiosity they excited in the crowd." 
 
 Mr. Vincent DowHng, the editor of The Observer, wished to 
 include a view of the procession from the roof of Apsley House, and 
 wrote to the Duke of WelHngton to grant his permission. The 
 Duke repHed : — 
 
 " F.M. the Duke of Wellington has received a letter signed Vincent 
 Dowling. The Duke has no knowledge of the writer of the letter, neither 
 is he interested in any way in The Observer newspaper. Apsley House is 
 not a pubhc buildiog, but the Duke's private residence, and he declines 
 to allow any stranger to go upon the roof. 
 
 " Apsley House, June 21. 1838." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 175 
 
 Clement 
 Shorter and 
 The Sphere. 
 
 Vizetelly had to throw many sketches aside, as they could 
 not be used for The Observer. These he " utiUzed for a panoramic 
 drawing in columns, a dozen or more feet in length, which was 
 published by Tyas, who paid me for it, I remember, at the rate of 
 so much per foot ! " 
 
 Before the starting of The Illustrated London News on the 
 14th of May, 1842, occasional illustrations would appear in some 
 of the weeldy papers. Among the first and best of these was The 
 AthencBum, and Mr. Clement Shorter, in ' A Literary Letter ' in 
 TheSfhereoi the 14th of June, 1902, gives a beautiful reproduction 
 of two illustrations which appeared on the 12th of March, 1831, of 
 the Lowther Arcade and the improvements at Charing Cross. 
 Other illustrations included a general plan and a perspective view 
 engraved on steel of the new Houses of Parliament. These engrav- 
 ings attracted great attention, as they were supplied exclusively 
 to The Athenaeum. They were given with the number for the 
 21st of May, 1836. 
 
 Among incidents which occurred at the coronation of Victoria 
 is one given in the diary of Sir John Bickerton Williams, who 
 was the first knight made by Her Majesty. He occupied a seat in 
 the part of the Abbey allotted to the Royal family. He noticed 
 that " when Her Majesty had to take off her crown to receive the 
 Sacrament, she was obliged to apply both her thumbs to pinch it 
 up ; it appeared rather too tight." Another incident will be 
 remembered, as mentioned in ' The GreviUe Memoirs,' that the 
 ruby ring was made for the Queen's httle finger instead of the fourth, 
 on which the rubric prescribes that it should be put. The Arch- 
 bishop insisted upon its being placed on the fourth finger, 
 and it was forced on and hurt her very much, and " she was obliged 
 to bathe her finger in iced water in order to get it ofi." 
 
 HYMN ON THE BIRTH OF KING EDWARD VII. 
 The note on the 5th of July, 1902, with the well-known 1902, July 12. 
 signature of J. S. S., reminds me how often in years gone by we Chorley's 
 sang the hymn written by Chorley to commemorate the birth of 
 the Prince of Wales, now King Edward VII., " Thou that from 
 Thy throne of splendour." It was set to Haydn's music, the Austrian 
 National Anthem, and was included in Hullah's Part-Music : 
 Sacred Songs, pubhshed at first by John W. Parker in 1842, 
 and now by Novello & Co. Among many poems by Chorley was 
 one, a prayer for peace, " Give to us peace in our time, Lord." 
 This was set to the music of the Russian National Anthem, and 
 was frequently sung at the time of the war with Russia. This also 
 belonged to the same series, the secular volumes of which Hkewise 
 include three songs by Chorley : No. 1, ' May Day,' " The sun 
 already from the skies," and No. 2, the well-known harvest song, 
 "Thro' lanes with hedgerows pearly," as well as a fireside song, 
 
 Sir John 
 
 Bickerton 
 
 Williams, the 
 
 first Knight 
 
 made by 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 ' Greville 
 Memoirs.' 
 
 songs. 
 
176 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 His poems in 
 
 The 
 Athencevm, 
 
 1902, Aug. 30. 
 
 The British 
 Academy. 
 
 The first 
 Fellows. 
 
 " O, never fear though rain be falling." The hymn for peace 
 is included in ' The Congregational Church Hymnal.' ' The 
 Hymnal Companion ' also contains four of the six verses. 
 
 Many of Chorley's poems appeared first in The Athenmum ; 
 a list of these is given in ' John Francis, Pubhsher of The Athenceum ; 
 (Macmillan & Co.). Two of them are quoted ; one, a ' Hymn of 
 the Old Discoverers,' is full of beauty. 
 
 THE BRITISH ACADEMY : CHARTER GRANTED BY THE KING, 
 
 On the 14th of January, 1902, The London Gazette announced 
 that the petition presented to the King for the incorporation of the 
 British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical, 
 and Philological Studies had been referred to a committee of the 
 Privy Council. It is now announced ihat His Majesty has been 
 pleased to accede to the petition and to grant to the British Academy 
 a Royal Charter. The Charter states that the Academy aims at 
 the promotion of the study of moral and political sciences, including 
 history, philosophy, law, politics and economics, archseology, and 
 philology. Of the original fifty-one petitioners, who, according 
 to the draft charter, were to be the first Fellows of the Academy 
 and to elect a president and council from among their own number, 
 three have died — Lord Acton, Mr. S. R. Gardiner, and the Rev. 
 A. B. Davidson. Lord Rosebery has been added to the list, and 
 the following forty-nine now become the first Fellows of the British 
 Academy : — 
 
 Sir William Anson. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Balfour. 
 
 Mr. James Bryce. 
 
 Prof. J. B. Bury. 
 
 Prof. S. H. Butcher 
 
 Prof. Ingram ByTvater. 
 
 Dr. Edward Caird. 
 
 Prof. E. B. CoweU. 
 
 Rev. William Curmingham, D.D. 
 
 Prof. Rhys Davids. 
 
 Prof. Albert Dicey. 
 
 Viscount Dillon. 
 
 Rev. Canon S. R. Driver, D.D. 
 
 Prof. Robinson Ellis. 
 
 Mr. Arthur John Evans. 
 
 Principal Fairbairn, Oxford. 
 
 Rev. Robert Flint, D.D. 
 
 Mr. J. G. Frazer. 
 
 Mr. Israel GoUancz. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hodgkin. 
 
 Mr. S. H. Hodgson. 
 
 Prof. T. E. Holland. 
 
 Sir Courtenay Ilbert. 
 
 Sir Richard Jebb. 
 
 Mr. W. E. H. Leoky. 
 
 Prof. F. W. Maitland. 
 
 Prof. Alfred Marshall. 
 
 Sir Henry Churchill Maxwell-Lyte. 
 
 Rev. J. E. B. Mayor. 
 
 Dr. D. B. Monro. 
 
 Mr. John Morley. 
 
 Dr. J. A. H. Murray. 
 
 Dr. H. F. Pelham. 
 
 Sir Frederick Pollock. 
 
 Prof. W. M. Ramsay. 
 
 Lord Reay. 
 
 Dr. John Rhys. 
 
 The Earl of Rosebery. 
 
 Rev. George Salmon, D.D. 
 
 Rev. Canon William Sanday, D.D. 
 
 Rev. W. W. Skeat. 
 
 Sir Leslie Stephen, K.C.B. 
 
 Mr. Whitley Stokes. 
 
 Rev. H. B. Swete, D.D. 
 
 Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, 
 
 K.C.B. 
 Rev. H. F. Tozer. 
 Prof. Robert Yelverton Tyrrell. 
 Dr. A. W. Ward. 
 Prof. James Ward. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 177 
 
 Readers of ' N. & Q.' will recognize that the names of some 
 of the most distinguished in the above list are those of frequent 
 contributors to its columns. In the absence of other accommodation 
 the British Museum may possibly find a room for the deliberations 
 of the new Academy. 
 
 PHILIP JAMES BAILEY. 
 (1816-1902.) 
 
 The death of the author of ' Festus ' on the 6th of September, 1902, Sept. 27. 
 1902, recalls to me the pleasant message I received from him through Philip James 
 his niece. Miss F. C. Carey, in reference to the extract from Mr. Bailey. 
 Theodore Watts-Dunton's letter in The Athenwum of the 1st of 
 April, 1876. The passages were very gratifying to him, but he 
 told his niece that when he wrote ' Festus ' he certainly had never 
 seen ' Paracelsus.' His niece wrote : — 
 
 " My uncle and Mr. Browning had so great admiration for each 
 other's genius, and each was so noble in character, that I am sure that 
 if it had been so the influence would have been as willingly admitted 
 by one as it would have been generously accepted by the other." 
 
 Although the papers have had biographical notices of the 
 poet, a few notes as a record may not be out of place in ' N. & Q.' 
 He was early brought under poetic influence, as his father, who 
 had been a schooKeUow of Henry Kirke White, was also a writer 
 of verse. When a boy of eight he witnessed Byron's lying in state 
 in the " Old Blackamoor's Head," situated in the High Street, 
 Nottingham. So early as 1836 ' Festus ' was commenced, and 
 in 1839 the book was published by Pickering. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Hammerton^ in an essay on ' PhUip James Bailey 
 and his Work,' which appeared in The Sunday Magazine, January, 
 1898, after he had been paying a visit to the poet, describes 'Festus' 
 as being the answer to Tennyson's hope. 
 
 Oh, yet we trust that somehow good 
 WiU be the final goal of ill :— 
 
 " Many another has suggested this world problem ; but 
 Philip James Bailey has essayed its solution." 
 
 During the whole of his long life the poet enjoyed excellent 
 health. He was passionately fond of the sea, and for a time he 
 resided in Jersey ; then at Cliff Cottage, near Ilfracombe ; from 
 there he removed to Blackheath ; but he longed to spend his last 
 days in his beloved native town, so returned to Nottingham, where 
 he led a life of quiet retirement among his books and the flowers 
 in his old-fashioned garden. 
 
 On the 27th of October, 1896, he had the great sorrow of losing Death of his 
 his wife, the Clara of his poem, after a perfectly happy life of thirty- wife. 
 three years. Since her death he had been surrounded by loving 
 
 M 
 
178 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 His niece, 
 Miss F. C. 
 Carey, on his 
 last days. 
 
 The 
 
 AtTiencBum 
 
 anticipates 
 
 for ' Festus ' a 
 
 glorious 
 
 revival. 
 
 relatives, and had enjoyed the companionship of his son. All did 
 their best to mitigate his loss. The close of the long hfe came after 
 but a short illness. 
 
 On the 1st of September, 1902, his niece wrote to me that 
 " at the beginning of August the pleasant seat in the garden had 
 to be given up, and he stayed upstairs in his study adjoining his 
 bedroom, amongst his beloved books, and did not wish to go down 
 again." When he was a boy his father had given him a copy of 
 ' Childe Harold,' just after its publication. This he at once learned 
 by heart, and it remained through life one of his favourite poems. 
 One morning, after a very restless night, he told her that " last night 
 when I was awake I repeated the fourth canto of ' Childe Harold,' 
 one of the finest poems." On Saturday, the 6th of September, he 
 peacefully passed away, almost his last words being " Good-bye 
 for a little while. " After his death by his express wish they placed 
 him in the scarlet toga of his old university, Glasgow (which in 
 1901 conferred upon him the degree of LL.D.), and some flowers 
 I had sent him were placed in the coffin. On the Tuesday 
 following he was buried in the beautiful church cemetery at Notting- 
 ham, in the same grave as his wife, and close to that of others who 
 had been very dear to him. One is glad to read in the sympathetic 
 notice which appeared in The Athenceum of the 13th of September 
 that the writer anticipates for ' Festus ' a glorious revival. May 
 this be so, and the poet's prayer be realized : — 
 
 Grant us, O God, that in Thy holy love 
 The universal people of the world 
 May g^-ow more great and happy every day. 
 Mightier, wiser, humbler, too, towards Thee, 
 And that all ranks, aU classes, callings, states 
 Of life, so far as such seem right to Thee, 
 May mingle into one, like sister trees, 
 And so in one stem flourish. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 ' the globe ' ' the field ' ' the newspaper press 
 
 directory' — 'the daily telegraph.' 
 
 (January, 1903— June, 1905.) 
 
 'THE GLOBE' CENTENARY. 
 (January 1st, 1903.) 
 The new year opened with two important newspaper celebra- 
 tions : on the 1st inst. occurred the Centenary of The Globe, and on 
 the same date The Field commemorated its Jubilee. Both papers 
 may be congratulated on enjoying great prosperity. That of The 
 Globe has only been obtained after many struggles and vicissitudes, 
 while The Field, after the second year of its existence, was on the 
 high road to success. The Globe, as is pretty well known, owes 
 its origin to the London publishers, or booksellers, as they then 
 preferred to be called. Sir. Joseph Shaylor, in his article on 
 ' Publishing ' which appears in vol. xxxii. (one of the new volumes) 
 of ' The Encyclopaedia Britannica,' points out that the description 
 of publishing and bookselling in the earlier volumes is no longer 
 correct : " The publisher now confines his energies entirely to the 
 production and publication of books, while the bookseller retails 
 them to the public, whereas in the later part of the eighteenth and 
 earlier part of the nineteenth century the principal booksellers 
 associated together to produce and seU books." 
 
 The Morning Post had become so prosperous as frequently to 
 crowd out the booksellers' announcements for want of space. This 
 gave great offence, and the booksellers combined for the starting 
 of two newspapers of their own : one a morning paper, The British 
 Press ; the other an evening paper. The Globe. The actual sale, 
 states James Grant in his ' History of the Newspaper Press,' " did 
 not exceed 200 copies each." " The booksellers almost immediately, 
 from various causes, began to drop off." " Mr. Murray (the first 
 of that name), now of Albemarle Street, then a very young man, 
 was the most active and liberal and valuable among them ; but he, 
 with Messrs. Longman, Clarke of Portugal Street, Butterworth, 
 and many others of the greatest influence and importance, after a 
 short time withdrew." The British Press had only a brief career, 
 but the evening paper continued on its way. 
 
 u 2 
 
 1903, Jan. 17. 
 
 Centenary of 
 
 The Globe. 
 
 The Qlohc. 
 
 Owes its 
 origin to the 
 
 London 
 boolssellers. 
 
180 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Sketch of its 
 history. 
 
 It absorbs a 
 crop of 
 journals. 
 
 James Silk 
 Buckinorhaiii. 
 
 Francis Place. 
 
 Walter 
 Coulson. 
 
 Instruction as 
 
 to reviewing 
 
 books. 
 
 The Globe, in its interesting ' Sketch of our History,' states that 
 the files from the first years have not been preserved, and the 
 earliest impression known to exist bears date " Thursday, February 
 6, 1806." This is numbered 972, showing that it had appeared 
 without a break, Christmas Days and Sundays excepted, since its 
 first pubUcation. The price of the single sheet of four pages, 
 includiag the 3|d. stamp, was 9Jd. The paper contains an account 
 of the battle of Austerlitz, and the Parliamentary column is taken 
 up with the moving of new writs consequent upon Mr. Fox taking 
 office. The 5 per cents stood at 62, the 3 per cent consols at 61 J ; 
 English lottery tickets fetched 19 guineas. The only survival of 
 The Globe's projected encouragement of Uterature is to be found in 
 the announcement of a pamphlet called ' Vaccination Vindicated ' 
 and of a book by Mr. Craig, ' The Complete Instructor in Draw- 
 ing.' Of its politics at that time " there is not much to be said. 
 The Tories were firm in office, and The Globe ranked among the 
 supporters of the Opposition. Queen Caroline's trial gave it an 
 opportunity both for journaUstic enterprise and for vehemence 
 of language." In the course of years The Globe absorbed a whole 
 crop of journals, including The Evening Chronicle and The Argus, 
 two of the short-lived enterprises of James Silk Buckingham, whom 
 James Grant describes as being " the most desperate journahstic 
 speculator it was ever my fortune to be personally acquainted 
 with." On the 30th of December, 1822, The Traveller— \i was 
 in The Traveller that John Stuart Mill, at the age of sixteen, 
 first appeared in print — was amalgamated with The Globe, and 
 to this day forms its second title. Col. Torrens acquired the 
 maia interest in the paper, and brought with him Walter Coulson, 
 who had been editor of The Traveller. He was a protege of Bentham 
 and a friend of the Westminster Radicals James MiU and Francis 
 Place, " the Radical tailor of Charing Cross," of whom my friend 
 Mr. Holyoake relates that, on the occasion of Place being spokes- 
 man for a deputation of working-men to the Duke of Wellington at 
 Apsley House, the Duke, having given them an abrupt dismissal, 
 called out, " Come back." He then said to them, " You seem to 
 be men with heads on your shoulders. Take care you keep them 
 there." Coulson was the means of attracting men of celebrity in the 
 Uterary world ; these included Thomas Love Peacock and the Rev. 
 Richard Harris Barham. In 1826 the profits were 100?. a week, 
 and Mr. Gibbons Merle was appointed sub-editor. Mr. Merle 
 afterwards went to Paris, where he became one of the editors of 
 Galignani's Messenger, and was made a baron by Louis PhiUppe. 
 
 The foUomng curious instruction as to the reviewing of books 
 is quoted from the minute book of the 4th of April, 1827 : — " In 
 reviewing, only a brief analysis, with extracts, should be given, 
 without much praise or censure, to avoid giving offence to other 
 pubUshers." It is also directed that " admission tickets for places 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 181 
 
 of entertainment be as much as possible at the command of those 
 
 who advertise most largely and steadily." In 1834 Lord Brougham 
 
 was severely taken to task by The Olobe, and Coulson, being on 
 
 terms of friendship with him, retired, his place being taken by John John Wilson, 
 
 Wilson, who occupied the editorial chak for more than thirty years ; 
 
 he was a quiet, scholarly man, living in seculsion in the midst of his 
 
 family at Tooting. The general control of the paper was in the 
 
 hands of Mr. Moran, the sub-editor ; his whole heart was in his 
 
 duties ; a better sub-editor a paper never had, and the variety 
 
 which he contrived to introduce into the columns of The Olobe is 
 
 described as something wonderful. 
 
 The Olobe was for many years recognized as the official Whig 
 organ, and in an article which appeared in The Quarterly in 1839, 
 on ' The Bedchamber Conspiracy,' complaint was made of the 
 appearance in The Globe, " a ministerial evening paper," of informa- 
 tion from an inspired quarter, which had reached it contrary to 
 ministerial etiquette. The Olobe in its Centenary article states that 
 the channel through which many valuable items of news came to 
 the readers of The Globe was Lord Palmerston, who took an active 
 part in shaping the policy of the paper, and the fact is beyond 
 dispute, " as the archives of the office can prove," that he wrote 
 articles in the paper, and continued his connexion until the time of 
 his death. 
 
 The Olobe has been twice taxed with utilizing information with- 
 out due authority. Lord Panmure had flatly declined to tell 
 Sir James O'Dowd, who was on the reporting staff, the number 
 of troops in the Crimea, December, 1855 ; the precise number 
 within twenty appeared next day in The Olobe. The minister was 
 indignant, but O'Dowd quietly pointed out that the official gazette 
 had stated the number of sick then in hospital, and that it repre- 
 sented 9 per cent of the total force. The other occasion, as will be 
 well remembered, was the publication of the Sahsbury-SchouvalofE 
 Treaty in July, 1878. 
 
 The abohtion of the paper duties in 1861 had brought about 
 keen competition with the morning papers. Col. Torrens died in 
 1864, and in 1866 the paper was sold, and acquired by a small 
 Conservative syndicate, of whom the late Lord Iddesleigh, then 
 Sir Stafford Northcote, was one. This complete change of front 
 created a great sensation. The necessity for another evening 
 Conservative organ in the metropolitan press was considered urgent, 
 as the tone of the London papers was reflected in the Parliamentary 
 representation of the metropolis, not a Conservative being returned 
 within the four corners of London and Middlesex. 
 
 On the 28th of June, 1869, the price of the paper was reduced Reduced to a 
 to its present one of Id. Since its change of politics its editors have penny, 
 been Mr. Wescomb, from Exeter ; Mr. R. B. Patterson, who after- 
 wards went to The Edinburgh Courant ; Mr. H. N. Barnett ; Mr. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Palmerston 
 
 supplies 
 
 news. 
 
 It is charged 
 
 with 
 
 utilizing 
 
 information 
 
 without due 
 
 authority. 
 
 Acquired by a 
 
 Conservative 
 
 syndicate. 
 
182 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 John Hullab 
 
 contributes 
 
 on musical 
 
 topics. 
 
 "Father 
 Prout." 
 
 Sir Joseph 
 
 Crowe's 
 
 ' Reminis- 
 
 Joseph 
 Knight. 
 
 Capt. T. 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Marwood Tucker, a son-in-law of Beresford Hope ; Mr. E. E. Pea- 
 cock, well known in connexion with The Morning Post ; Sir George 
 Armstrong, Mr. Ponsonby Ogle, followed by Mr. Algernon Locker. 
 
 The Centenary article raises the veil, and gives us a glance 
 at some of its contributors during the past forty years. Among 
 them we find John HuUah as a contributor on musical topics, and 
 Father Prout (the Rev. Francis Mahony,) who became Paris corre- 
 spondent shortly after the Revolution of 1848. In a book pub- 
 lished by Chatto & Windus, 1876, ' The Final Reliques of Father 
 Prout,' collected by Blanchard Jerrold, some passages from his 
 letters to The Globe are given, with an interesting portrait. Sir 
 Joseph Crowe, in his ' Reminiscences of Thirty-Five Years of my 
 Life ' (John Murray) , makes the following amusing reference to 
 Prout's work on The Daily News : " He was our correspondent at 
 Rome, yet, quaintly enough, almost always wrote his Roman letter 
 in Whitefriars .... What he ^vTote was always short and pithy, 
 fuU of subtle witticisms, not ' rari nantes in gurgite vasto,' but 
 abundant, like plums in a pudding." Mr. T. H. S. Escott, Mr. 
 R. E. Francillon, Mrs. Lynn Linton, Tom PumeU (one of the last of 
 the old Bohemian journalists), Mortimer CoUins, Mr. Comyns Carr, 
 Sir Douglas Straight, Mr. T. J. Hamerton, and Mr. Danson also 
 figure in the list of contributors. A weU-known feature of the 
 paper consists of the " turnovers," commenced in 1877, the first of 
 them, on ' Irish Life,' being contributed by Barry O'Brien. 
 
 The Globe mentions a fact which is of interest to readers of 
 ' N. & Q.' — that Joseph Knight had been the chief dramatic critic 
 for about thirty years. He continued to occupy that position until 
 within a short time of his death, June 23rd, 1907. 
 
 Another old member of the Hterary staff who has also died 
 since the Centenary was Capt. Thomas Carlisle, whose death 
 occurred in September, 1907. He had been on the paper for 
 nearly forty years ; his articles ' An Unprofessional Vagabond,' 
 which appeared in 1873, are stiU remembered. In order to obtain 
 material for them he donned all sorts of queer disguises, and under- 
 went many unpleasant experiences as a crossing-sweeper, street 
 hawker, &c. For many years he edited The People. 
 
 The Globe has on two occasions brought out Sunday editions : 
 the first on the 26th of April, 1868, to announce the fall of Magdala ; 
 and again on that Sunday in December, 1871, when his present 
 Majesty hung between life and death at Sandringham. Another 
 instance of the enterprise of the paper was afforded on 
 " Explosion Day," the 24th of January, 1885. I remember 
 Mr. Wellsman informing me at the time that the sale of 
 The Globe that day was 130,000. As regards the printing 
 of the paper, electricity has been substituted for steam, and it 
 was the first daily in London to be set up by the linotype. 
 As an instance with what energy the affairs of The Globe are 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 183 
 
 compulsory 
 stamp. 
 
 managed, it may be mentioned that when the staff arrived at 
 eight o'clock in the morning of Christmas Eve, 1894, they found 
 the premises burnt to the ground ; but by half-past one the paper 
 was out as usual, thanks to the duplicate plant and machinery at 
 the office of The People. 
 
 The benefit to the readers of The Globe of the repeal of the Benefit from 
 compulsory stamp, on the 15th of June, 1855, is clearly shown by ""^peal of 
 the reference I have made to the official stamp returns. While the 
 number issued to the paper in 1854 stood at 850,000, in the year 
 1856 the stamps amounted to only 260,000, thus showing how 
 largely the paper was sold to those not requiring it for transmission. 
 
 It is a matter for sincere congratulation that a paper so ably 
 conducted as The Globe should, after passing through so many 
 vicissitudes, now be reaping its well-earned reward. 
 
 On the 1st of July, 1907, The Globe passed into the hands of 
 a private company. Mr. W. T. Madge, who had been manager for 
 forty years, retired at the end of last year in favour of his son-in- 
 law, Mr. Arthur Bellamy, and now devotes himself to the super- 
 vision of The People, of which he is part proprietor. 
 
 The Field. 
 
 THE JUBILEE OF 'THE FIELD/ 
 
 (January 1st, 1903.) 
 
 The Field, the first number of which was pubhshed on the 1903, Jan. 24. 
 1st of January, 1853, was founded by Bradbury & Evans, the Jubilee of 
 same firm being, as is well known, also largely associated with the 
 founding of The Daily News, Punch, and The Gardeners^ Chronicle. 
 The first editor of The Field was Mark Lemon, editor of Punch 
 from its birthday till his death. Shirley Brooks wrote its leaders, 
 and on the original staff were Harrison Weir and Mr. Robert 
 Soutar. A facsimile of the first number was given with The 
 Field of December 27th, 1902. Its price was sixpence. It con- 
 sisted of but sixteen pages, including advertisements, of which 
 there were only fifty-six. The first number contains one of Leech's 
 spirited hunting sketches and two sketches by AnsdeU. The 
 advertisements tell us that ' Uncle Tom's Cabin ' is being played 
 at Drury Lane as well as at two other theatres, that Madame 
 Vestris has the management of the Lyceum, Charles Kean of the 
 Princess's, Phelps of Sadler's Wells, Madame Celeste of the Adelphi, 
 and Shepherd and Creswick of the Surrey. The Royal Polytechnic 
 Institute is flourishing under the patronage of Prince Albert ; and 
 in a corner at the bottom of a column we find ' Mr. Albert Smith's 
 Ascent of Mont Blanc' John Chapman advertises The Westminster 
 Review, and evidently intends to try to cut out the bookseller : 
 " When payment is made direct to the publisher for a year in 
 advance, four numbers of the Eeview will be delivered for 11., or 
 
 Its first 
 number. 
 
184 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 postage free II. 45." The published price was six shillings per 
 number. The memorable meeting of authors and booksellers at 
 John Chapman's on the 4th of May, 1852, for the purposes of hasten- 
 ing the removal of the trade restrictions on the commerce of htera- 
 ture is graphically described in ' The Life of George Ehot.' 
 Disraeli The news of the week is pithUy told, and at a glance we get 
 
 Chancellor of an idea of the world of 1853. Dizzy, who became Chancellor of the 
 t*^^ Exchequer, with Lord Derby as his chief, on the 27th of Eebruary, 
 
 '^ustedlv^' ^^^2' ^^^ thought he had "come to stay," set Messrs. Banting, 
 Gladstone, the Government upholsterers, to work to make the official residence 
 in Downing Street hght and gay, and brilliant with modem furni- 
 ture. Before Christmas the fatal division came, and Gladstone 
 reigned in his stead. " Farewell to the dawning visions of the 
 resuscitated glories of a Holland House on the Conservative side, 
 and all those intellectual coteries that might have assembled in 
 that hitherto ' unused spot,' under the auspices of a Uterary Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer." It is sad to relate that some ladies 
 seemed to enjoy Dizzy's discomfiture. The Earl of Aberdeen 
 becomes Prime Minister, and states in the House of Lords that 
 " at home the mission of the Government would be to maintain 
 and extend free- trade principles, and to pursue the commercial 
 and financial system of the late Sir Robert Peel." Under music, 
 regret is expressed that England possesses no School of Music. 
 Napoleon III. The news from France is the Emperor's decree that, should he die 
 and his uncle without leaving an heir to the throne, the succession shall pass 
 Prince ^q j^ig uncle Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte and to his descendants, 
 Jerome. from male to male, by order of birth, and to the entire exclusion 
 of the females. Prince Jerome's allowance was to be one million 
 francs per annum, with the Palais Royal as residence ; Prince 
 Napoleon's, 300,000 francs ; and the Princess Mathilde's (DemidofE) 
 200,000. Photography first appeared in the second volume, when 
 the champion of the Thames was drawn from a daguerreotype 
 by Mayall. 
 The Field In November, 1853, The Field became the property of Benjamin 
 
 brought by Webster, of the Adelphi Theatre, but the change of proprietorship 
 Webster" ^^'^ ^°* bring prosperity. It was, in truth, a very poor sixpenny- 
 worth ; but, as the article in the Jubilee number states, newspaper 
 enterprise in those days was hampered by the Stamp Act and by a 
 monstrous paper duty. 
 Purchased by Towards the end of the second year of its existence Mr. Serjeant 
 
 Mr. Serjeant Qq-^ purchased the property, and in the number for November 25th, 
 1854, it was announced that the paper had passed into new hands. 
 Its address stated that " The Field would be a family paper, sedu- 
 lously weeded of whatever a gentleman should be unwilling to 
 place in the hands of his children .... It will make no endeavour 
 to become the newspaper of ' the man about town,' but to be 
 that of ' the man out of town.' " Readers were invited " to 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 185 
 
 express their opinion as to the scheme indicated, and to forward 
 any suggestions." To this invitation there was a ready response, 
 and, with but four exceptions, the communications were couched in 
 language of warm commendation. 
 
 In 1857 Mr. John Henry Walsh took the editorial control; 
 he was an all-round sportsman, and in the previous year had pub- 
 lished under the name of " Stonehenge " ' British Rural Sports.' 
 He is described in the article on the Jubilee as being a " heaven- 
 born " editor, a man in a thousand for the position to which he was 
 appointed. This was his first cormexion with newspaper work. 
 Bom in 1810, he had practised as a doctor in Worcestershire for 
 twenty-five years, but he had a great liking for sport, and indulged 
 in it as far as his professional engagements permitted. The Field 
 had at first paid little attention to anghng, but in 1856 Francis 
 Francis came upon the scene, and he and James Lowe, Frank 
 Buckland — both members of the Field brotherhood — and others, 
 were successful in working out problems of fish culture, and now 
 angling forms an important feature of the contents. Angling, 
 in common with aU sports, has largely increased of late years — 
 so much so that it now supports a paper of its own. The Fishing 
 Gazette. In this the contents of Mr. Edward Marston's delightful 
 httle hoUday books first appeared. His son, Mr. R. B. Marston, 
 is both proprietor and editor. To this paper we owe the Izaak 
 Walton memorial in Winchester Cathedral, as well as that in St. 
 Dunstan's, Fleet Street, this being a stained-glass window. There 
 is also a marble slab in the porch. 
 
 Among other early contributors to The Field were the Hon. 
 Grantley Berkeley and Du Chaillu. The trophies of the latter, 
 when exhibited in the old ofiice in the Strand, at the corner of 
 Wellington Street, now occupied by The Morning Post, created 
 remarkable interest. At a more recent date the late Henry Jones 
 (" Cavendish ") represented whist ; Steinitz, the greatest of chess 
 masters, chess ; and the late Mr. Dixon Kemp, yachting. Mr. F. 
 Toms succeeded Mr. Walsh as editor. He is described as " a walking 
 encyclopaedia, and one of the most unassuming of men." 
 
 It was John Crockford who purchased the paper for Mr. Cox. 
 He obtained it from Benjamin Webster for a trifling sum, and it 
 proved a very remunerative investment. In a short time the 
 net profits amounted to 20,000Z. a year. The management was 
 placed under Crockford's control. He was a splendid man of 
 business, and in 1859 founded the ' Clerical Directory ' which bears 
 his name. In his career he had but one failure. He tried to 
 establish a literary paper, The Critic. To this he brought all his 
 great ability, but after fifteen years he gave it up in despair. I 
 had occasion to call upon him a short time before his death, when 
 we joined in a hearty laugh over his former furious attacks on 
 The Athenceum. " DUke's Drag " he used to caU it, and would 
 
 John Henry 
 
 Walsh takes 
 
 editorial 
 
 control. 
 
 Francis 
 Francis. 
 
 The Fishing 
 Gazette : 
 Edward 
 Marston. 
 
 K. B. Marston. 
 
 1903, Jan. 31. 
 
 The Field's 
 
 early 
 
 contributors. 
 
 John 
 Crockford. 
 
 Tlie Critic 
 and The 
 
 Athenceum. 
 
186 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Irwin E. B. 
 Cox. 
 
 Horace Cox. 
 
 Death of 
 Serjeant Cox. 
 
 The 
 Psychological 
 
 Society 
 
 founded by 
 
 him. 
 
 accuse it of " vulgar insolence and coxcombry " and " the coarsest 
 vulgarity." As we parted he said, " You have The Athenceum 
 to be proud of, and we have The Field." His sudden death on the 
 13th of January, 1865, was a loss which seemed to be almost irre- 
 parable ; but Mr. Irwin E. B. Cox, who was editor of The County 
 Courts Chronicle and sub-editor of The Law Times stepped iato the 
 breach, gave up his career at the Bar for the time being, and assumed 
 the control. He had as his assistant his cousin, Mr. Horace Cox, 
 who has now the entire responsibihty of the large business of 
 Windsor House in his hands. This development has been enormous. 
 The machine-room is one of the finest in London, and contains 
 nine rotary machines besides thirty-four flat machines. These 
 are kept at work almost day and night. The amount of paper 
 used per week is 800 reels, besides 1,200 reams of quad-royal art 
 paper. If the paper duty stiU existed the amount payable weekly 
 would be 12,180Z. Of course, this consumption of paper includes 
 other publications than those issued from Windsor House. 
 
 The death of Mr. Serjeant Edward Wihiam Cox took place 
 suddenly on the 24th of November, 1879. He was born on the 
 8th of December, 1809 ; he went to Oxford, and was intended 
 for the Church, but adopted the profession of a soUcitor at 
 Taunton, and was eventually called to the Bar. He had strong 
 journalistic tendencies, his first venture being The Somerset 
 County Gazette. On coming to London he started The Law 
 Times. He was a prolific writer, and the ' Dictionary of National 
 Biography ' (vol. xii. pp. 409-10) gives a list of twenty-nine of his 
 books, his first being a collection of poems entitled ' The Opening 
 of the Sixth Seal.' The others include many well-known legal 
 works. One, ' The Law and Practice of Joint-Stock Companies,' has 
 been through six editions. 
 
 On the 22nd of February, 1875, he founded the Psychological 
 Society of Great Britain, and devoted much time to Spiritualism, 
 in which he was a most consistent believer, writing several books 
 on the subject. He was twice married, his second wife being the 
 only daughter of J. S. M. Fonblanque. He was a man fuU of kindli- 
 ness and honesty. An appreciative notice appeared of him in The 
 Athenceum of the 29th of November, 1879 ; and his portrait was 
 given in The Illustrated London News of the 6th of December, 1879. 
 
 The rapid increase in the sale of The Field can be seen at once 
 upon reference to the official stamp returns. For the year 1854 
 the number used was 167,217. It must be remembered that this 
 represented the entire sale. In 1856, the second year of Mr. Cox's 
 proprietorship, this number, notwithstanding the repeal of the 
 compulsory stamp, was exceeded by a thousand, and in 1857 the 
 return shows the number had increased to 240,500. 
 
 The present circulation of The Field is not quoted, but it 
 must be large. Its issue for the I5th of August, 1908, consisted 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 187 
 
 of fifty-two pages of letterpress well printed on good paper. 
 Besides this there were, including the cover, forty-four pages of 
 advertisements, representing about a thousand different advertisers. 
 The value of these to the proprietors probably exceeds twelve 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 The Field has long abandoned its record of current events, 
 the space being required for its own special subjects ; but there 
 are many articles of general interest. Those in the number just 
 mentioned include ' Travel and Colonisation,' and ' A Summer 
 Hohday in Newfoundland.' Mr. C. Holmes Cautley gives some 
 extracts from an old StjT:ian game-book. These afford a glimpse of 
 country life in Styxia from the 12th of July, 1636, to Martinmas, 1643. 
 The patriarch of the staff, Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier, makes another W. B. 
 contribution to the history of " vanishing London " in a paper on Tegetmeier. 
 the close of the Aquarium, " the last of the pseudo-scientific in- 
 stitutions." He remarks how singular it is that all such institutions 
 should come to grief. His reminiscences include the menagerie His reminis- 
 at Exeter Change, where he saw the elephant Chuny. Chuny cences. 
 had to be shot, and the other animals were removed to the site The 
 
 of the National GaUery, and thence to the Surrey Gardens. The "^^^Eleter 
 body of Chuny was stuffed, and placed in the Museum at Saffron change. 
 Walden. At the Exhibition of 1851 it was a prominent feature 
 in the Indian Court, covered as it was with gorgeous trappings. 
 Mr. Tegetmeier also remembers the exhibition of the skeleton of a 
 gigantic whale in a large temporary building erected across Trafalgar 
 Square ; the Adelaide Gallery, at the end of the Lowther Arcade, 
 organized for the popular exhibition of scientific inventions ; the 
 Polytechnic ; the Panopticon ; and, last, the Aquarium, designed 
 as a winter garden and promenade, which could be utiHzed by 
 members of the House of Commons, whilst the science of fish culture -^^ , r , , 
 could be exhibited. Mr. W. A. Lloyd was the manager. The tanks ^/^ tisto^ot 
 were well stocked with different species. The large quantity of 'Aquaria.' 
 salt water required was a great expense. Mr. Lloyd was most 
 enthusiastic in his studies of the habits of fish. He watched 
 them so constantly that their mode of progression became reflected 
 in his own. In The Athenceum of the 1st of April, 1871, he gave a 
 sketch of the history of ' Aquaria.' An obituary notice of him 
 appeared in the same paper on the 24th of July, 1880. I am glad to 
 know that Mr. Tegetmeier, although retired, is still (September, 
 1808) hale and hearty at the age of ninety-three. 
 
 In all these cases the scientific excitement soon waned. Mr. 
 Tegetmeier relates that at the Adelaide Gallery a greater attraction 
 was the exhibition of Madame Wharton and her troupe. The 
 Panopticon became converted into the Alhambra, under the success- 
 ful management of Mr. John Hollingshead. The Polytechnic 
 is now a useful educational institution. The sudden death on 
 
188 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Quintin Hogg Saturday, January 17th, 1903, of Mr. Quintin Hogg, the founder 
 and the q£ ^j^g j^g^ Polytechnic, must be here noted. He was one of 
 o y eo mc. Lqj^(Jqjj's noblest citizens, and from the time of his school-days 
 at Eton devoted his whole life to the poor boys of London. Upon 
 the Polytechnic scheme he expended 100,000L He had designed 
 the place for 2,000 members ; its present number (1903) is 18,000. 
 His motto for the institute was " The Lord is our Strength." 
 
 The Field modestly expresses a hope that " when another 
 halt century shall have run its course those who are then serving 
 it may be able to congratulate themselves on its prosperity, as we 
 of to-day are permitted to do." In this desire all lovers of a pure 
 press will join, and I close this sketch with the wish for all prosperity 
 to my kind friends and neighbours at Windsor House. 
 
 LORD BROUGHAM'S REPORTED DEATH IN 1839. 
 
 1903, Mar. 14. The death of Mr. John Temple Leader, on Sunday, the 1st of 
 
 Lord March, 1903, at his residence in Florence, at the age of ninety-three, 
 
 Brougham's recalls the well-known hoax Lord Brougham played upon the 
 
 reported pubhc. On the 21st of October, 1839, while at Brougham Hall, 
 
 s^*°- it was reported and generally believed in London that he had met 
 
 '^°'i° ■^^™P^^ lus death by a carriage accident. AU the newspapers of the 22nd 
 
 ^^' except The Times, contained obituary notices of his career ; but 
 
 it soon became known that the report was false, and Brougham 
 
 was accused, not without reason, of having set it abroad himself. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph of March 4th, 1903, gives the following : — 
 
 " Mr. Alfred Montgomery, of Kingston House, Knightsbridge, 
 received a letter purporting to have been written by Mr. Shafto, a 
 well-known Durham squire, saying that he and Mr. Leader had been 
 staying at Lord Brougham's seat in Cumberland. The writer said that 
 they had been out driving in a carriage with Lord Brougham, when the 
 carriage was overturned, and all the occupants thrown out, Lord 
 Brougham being killed on the spot, while Mr. Leader's life was despaired 
 of . . . .It subsequently proved that the letter had been inspired, if not 
 written, by Brougham himseK, who wanted to read his own obituary 
 notices and enjoy the discomfiture of the papers which praised him 
 mider the impression that he was dead. The chairman of Mr. Leader's 
 election committee had already started off for the North to say a long 
 farewell to his friend when the hoax was' discovered." 
 
 Urged by Mr. Leader was often urged by his friend Mr. Fisher Unwin 
 
 Fisher Unwin to Write his memoirs ; he did collect some in a little privately 
 memoirs'^ printed volume. Mr. Unwin recalls a conversation in which he 
 spoke of Byron and Shelley, both of whom he had seen ; and another 
 of his friends was Capt. Trelawny, Byron's comrade in the move- 
 ment for Greek emancipation. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 189 
 
 Blake : sale 
 
 of drawings 
 
 at Sotheby's. 
 
 WILLIAM BLAKE. 
 
 The valuable collection of Blake's illustrations and drawings 1903, Apr. 11 
 formed by Mr. Monckton MUnes, and afterwards in the possession William 
 of his son the Earl of Crewe, recently sold at Sotheby's, brought 
 large prices. Twenty-one original designs in colours for the illus- 
 trations of the book of Job, together with Blake's original portrait of 
 himself, and the twenty-two proof engravings on India paper from 
 these, were purchased by Mr. Quaritch for 5,600Z. Gilchrist, in his 
 life of Blake, mentions these as being amongst the finest and sanest 
 of the artist's achievements. The original drawings for Milton's 
 ' L' Allegro ' and ' II Penseroso,' bound with the text of the poems 
 and explanations of the designs in manuscript, went for 1,960Z. to 
 Mr. A. Jackson ; ' The Book of Urizen,' 1794, twenty-seven 
 numbered plates, 307^. ; ' America, a Prophecy,' 1793, the rare 
 original coloured issue, 2951. ; ' The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,' 
 twenty-seven plates, 260i!. ; and ' Europe, a Prophecy,' Lambeth, 
 1794, seventeen plates in colours, 203?. 
 
 to be sold. 
 
 CLIFFORD'S INN. 
 
 Messrs. Farebrother, Ellis, Egerton, Breach & Co. announced 1903, Apr. 11. 
 that on the 14th of May, 1903, they would sell in one lot, Clifford's Inn 
 unless previously disposed of by private contract, CHfford's Inn, 
 Fleet Street, forming an extensive site with a superficial area of 
 about 38,000 feet, suitable for the erection of legal and professional 
 chambers, commercial offices, or a pubhc institution, or for the 
 creation of ground rents, the buildings now on the land including 
 
 "the historic hall of Gothic design, hghted by six windows, 
 
 which measures 33 ft. by 30 ft., and has a fourteenth-century arch 
 leading to the offices and wine cellars." The property is described 
 as having been originally granted to masters of the Society of 
 CUfEord's Inn, under an indenture of feoffment dated the 29th of 
 March, 1618, by the then Earl of Cumberland and his son Lord 
 CHfford. 
 
 The Inn was purchased by Mr. Willett for i:i00,000, and lovers 
 of old London will rejoice that this ancient inn still remains. 
 
 THE FIRST CHRISTMAS CARD. 
 
 The death of Mr. John CaUcott Horsley, R.A., on the 19th of 
 October, 1903, is a reminder that he designed for the late Sir Henry 
 Cole (Felix Summerly) the first Christmas card, issued Christmas, 
 1846. I stiU possess the one signed by my father, " To my beloved 
 wife and children." It bears the imprint, " Summerly's Home 
 Treasury Office, 12, Old Bond Street," where a number of delightful 
 books for children were pubhshed, Cole " obtaining the welcome 
 assistance of some of the first artists in illustrating them." These 
 
 1903, Oct. 31. 
 
 The first 
 
 Christmas 
 
 card : J. C. 
 
 Horsley, B.A. 
 
190 .NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 included Mulready, Cope, Horsley, Redgrave, Webster, the four 
 Liimells, Townsend, and others. A specimen of the first Christmas 
 card was sold a few years back for 501. 
 
 " DO YOU KEN JOHN PEEL ? " 
 
 1903 Nov. 28. The Daily Telegraph of November 19th, 1903, records the death 
 
 " Do you ken ^^ ^^^ ^g® o^ eighty-eight, at Greenrigg, Caldbeck, of Mrs. Richard- 
 John Peel ? " son, the last surviving daughter of John Peel, the famous Cumber- 
 land huntsman, and hero of the well-known hunting song. 
 
 GEORGE IV.'S GOLD DINNER SERVICE AT WINDSOR. 
 
 1903, Deo. 12. Truth for December 3rd, 1903, states in reference to this that 
 
 George IV.'s " it is not generally known that the collection of Crown plate once 
 gold service, included a very much more magnificent and valuable gold dinner 
 service, which was made for Henry VIII. This service was taken to 
 Holland by William III., to be used at some great ceremonial dinner at 
 The Hague. It was never brought back to England, and is now 
 included in the Dutch Crown plate. Charles II. caused each piece of 
 the service to be engraved with his Majesty's arms as King of England, 
 Scotland, France, and Ireland. About haljE a century ago the late King 
 of the Netherlands ordered these arms to be erased, and they were 
 replaced by the Dutch royal arms, the value of the service being, of 
 course, considerably reduced by this barbarous proceeding." 
 
 JAPANESE NEW YEAR'S DAY. 
 
 1904, Jan. 9. The Daily Chronicle of January 1st, 1904, had the follovring 
 
 JapaneseNew interesting notice : — 
 Year's day. 
 
 To a devout Japanese breakfast on New Year's Day is a religious 
 rite. No ordinary dishes are consumed. The tea must be made 
 with water drawn from the well when the first ray of sun strikes it, a 
 pot-pourri of materials specified by law forms the staple dish, at the 
 finish a measure of special sak6 from a red lacquer cup must be drained 
 by whosoever desires happiness during the coming year. In the room 
 is placed an ' elysian stand,' or red lacquer tray, covered with evergreen 
 leaves, and bearing a rice dumpling, a lobster, oranges, persimmons, 
 chestnuts, dried sardines, and herring roe. All these dishes have a 
 special signification. The names of some are homonymous with words 
 of happy omen ; the others have an allegorical meaning. The lobster's 
 curved back and long claws typify life prolonged till the frame is bent 
 and the beard is long ; the sardines, which always swim in pairs, express 
 conjugal bliss ; the herring is symbolical of a fruitful progeny. These 
 dishes are not intended for consumption, although in most cases the 
 appetite is fairly keen. The orthodox Japanese not only sees the old 
 year out ; he rises at four to welcome the new-comer, and performs 
 many ceremonies before he breaks his fast," 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 191 
 
 ' Commis- 
 sion." 
 
 "COMMISSION." 
 
 Is there any precedent for a member of Parliament convening 1904, Jan. 30. 
 a " Commission " to take evidence upon a public question ? I Tariff Reform 
 have always understood that the word "Commission" was used "" 
 only when appointment was made by the Crown. Perhaps some 
 reader of ' N. & Q.' may be able to inform me if it has been used 
 previous to the congress of gentlemen now convened by Mr. Cham- 
 berlain. 
 
 As there was no reply to this query, it would seem that there 
 was no precedent for this use of the word. 
 
 Chaplain to 
 
 the 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 Garrison. 
 
 CHAPLAIN TO THE EDINBURGH GARRISON. 
 
 This ancient ofi&ce has been revived by the King, who has 1903, Feb. 20, 
 appointed thereto the Rev. Theodore Marshall, D.D. The Daily 
 Telegraph of February 13th, 1903, contains the following interesting 
 particulars : — 
 
 " The first chaplain to the Castle was one Turgot, the biographer 
 of Margaret, Queen of Malcolm Canmore, who died in 1092. The o£Rce 
 seems to have been maintained till the Revolution in 1688-9, after 
 which there does not appear to be any mention made of it. Since the 
 Revolution the minister of the High Kirk has been regarded as hon. 
 chaplain to the Castle, and hence it is that the military service con- 
 tinues to be held in St. Giles's Cathedral." 
 
 "DIADEMS" AND "TIARAS." 
 
 In The Daily Chronicle of July 14th, 1904, is the following 1904, July 23. 
 protest against " the absurd custom " of calling diamond diadems " Tiara." 
 " tiaras " :— 
 
 " There is, of course, only one tiara in the world, and that is the 
 Pope's, and even he does not wear it very often. It is quite a dis- 
 tinctive crown, triple in form, and in several ways symbolical. What 
 is the matter with the pretty word diadern, or the still better one 
 carcanet, with its reminiscence of that splendid line — 
 A captain jewel in the carcanet ? " 
 
 • The Globe Shakespeare ' gives the line in Sonnet LII. as 
 Or captain jewels in the carcanet. 
 
 THE LONGEST TELEGRAM. 
 
 So far as I am aware, the longest telegram ever inserted m a 1904, Sept. 3, 
 newspaper was that in The Chicago Times on the occasion of the The longest 
 pubUcation in London of the Pvevised Version of the New Testa- 
 ment, when that enterprising journal sought to be the first to 
 pubhsh it in Chicago, and made arrangements for the entire Testa- 
 ment to be telegraphed. I am the fortunate possessor of the paper, 
 the gift of my friend Mr. Frowde, of the Oxford Press. The Chicago 
 
 o — 
 
 telegram. 
 
 The Chicago 
 Times. 
 
192 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Times stated that the portion of the New Testament telegraphed 
 " contains about 118,000 words, and constitutes by many fold the 
 largest special dispatch ever sent over the wires." On the day 
 before the publication of the paper, a copy of the Revised Version 
 was received. In telegraphing it was forgotten to give instructions 
 as to the arrangement of the paragraphs, and the four Gospels 
 are printed with the verse divisions. The Chicago Times opens 
 with the following headlines : — 
 
 " The Will, which is more commonly designated as the New Testa- 
 ment, as it bequeaths Eternal Life to the Heirs of God. It is the 
 charter under which all branches of the Church are organized, and the 
 source whence the Theologians derive their doctrines. The Times 
 presents to its readers the entire revised New Testament, which does 
 not differ radically from the common version. In its records and 
 teachings it is not brought down to date .... And old-fashioned 
 Christians will find it unobjectionable." 
 
 1905, Apr. 1. 
 
 Diamond 
 Jubilee of 
 'The News- 
 paper Press 
 Directory.' 
 
 The daily 
 press in 1846. 
 
 DIAMOND JUBILEE OF 'THE NEWSPAPER PRESS 
 DIRECTORY.' 
 
 The Diamond Jubilee of this valuable guide deserves record 
 in ' N. & Q.' When the first volume was issued in 1846 the press 
 was in its infancy, and a small 12mo was sufficient to give full 
 particulars of all the journals then pubUshed. The present volume 
 is a handsome royal 8vo containing over 600 pp. Those desirous 
 of studying the progress of the press should look through the sixty 
 volumes published by Messrs. Mitchell, for in them they will find a 
 complete record year by year. The advance during the last five 
 years has been by leaps and bounds. Especially is this noticeable 
 with the daily and the illustrated press : these have increased in a 
 most marvellous degree. 
 
 In 1846, the first year of the ' Directory,' there were only 
 12 daily papers pubhshed in England, and 2 in Ireland ; now (1908) 
 there are 154 published in England, 18 in Ireland, and 30 in Wales, 
 Scotland, and the Channel Isles. In 1846 the total number of 
 papers published in the United Kingdom was 551 ; in 1908 the 
 number is 2,353. Magazines have also progressed in proportion. 
 In 1846 there were only 200 ; now (1908) there are 2,758, of which 
 600 are of a religious character. The restrictions and taxation 
 until 1861, when the press was made entirely free by the repeal 
 of the paper duties, were so great that only large capitahsts could 
 incur the risk of starting a newspaper. Any one printing or pub- 
 lishing a paper not duly stamped incurred a penalty of 501. for 
 every single copy. The advertisement duty — Is. 6d. upon each 
 advertisement— had to be paid within twenty-eight days, and the 
 authorities refused to supply stamps if the duty was in arrear, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 193 
 
 Mr. Ingram, the founder of The Illustrated London News, stated in 
 1851 to Sir Charles Wood, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 that he paid more, in many cases, for advertisement duty than he 
 received for the advertisements, as it frequently happened that 
 he never received a farthing of the amount due to him. There were 
 several modes adopted by advertisers to avoid the tax, including 
 dogs carrying advertisements, and advertising vans. Tickets for 
 the Panorama of the Nile at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, were 
 dropped all over London by means of balloons, the finder having 
 the privilege of admission at haK-price. I have one of these, picked 
 up in Leicester Square. Displayed advertisements in the daily 
 papers were not adopted for many years. The Times being specially 
 conservative in the matter, and four-fifths of the advertisements 
 in that paper were, on an average, under ten lines. 
 
 On looking at ' The Newspaper Press Directory ' for 1856 it is 
 seen at a glance what an impetus had been given by the repeal 
 of the compulsory stamp. Among the new-comers was The Satur- 
 day Review, started on the 3rd of November, 1855. The opening 
 address stated that " the immediate motive of coming before the 
 public is furnished by the impetus given to periodical literature by 
 the repeal of the Newspaper Stamp Act." The stamp had been 
 abolished in the previous June. By the new Act it was optional 
 for newspapers to print upon stamped or unstamped paper ; but 
 the privilege of retransmission by post was Umited to a period of 
 fifteen days. The weight was not to exceed four ounces for a 
 penny. Mr. Cowan advocated a halfpenny postage for every two 
 ounces, but Mr. Gladstone beUeved that this would entail a heavy 
 loss. Previous to the aboUtions of the stamp it was easy to know 
 the exact circulation of each paper, as this was given in the Parlia- 
 mentary returns. The Illustrated London News had a sale of 1 30,000 
 and The Times 59,000. The Athenceum, The Builder, and a few 
 others were regarded as class papers, and were allowed to issue 
 stamped and unstamped copies. This privilege was also extended 
 to Punch, 8,000 of which were published stamped, and 32,000 
 unstamped. My father, seeing what an additional labour the 
 affixing of stamps on covers would mean to newsagents, besides 
 the temptation to boys employed in the stamping, appealed to 
 Sir Comewall Lewis to grant permission for newsagents to have 
 their covers with an impressed stamp, with the name and address 
 of the sender. This, after correspondence and interviews with the 
 authorities of the Board of Inland Revenue and the Post Office 
 extending over twelve months, my father secured, and the result 
 was announced in The Athenaeum of the 20th of June, 1857. He 
 ako suggested a M. stamp, but it was not until June, 1859, that 
 covers with this stamp could be obtained. It will hardly be believed 
 that, notwithstanding the various charges made for postage, there 
 were at that time only four different kinds of stamps issued, namely. 
 
 Herbert 
 Ingram and 
 The Illus- 
 trated Iiondon 
 News. 
 
 The repeal o£ 
 the compul- 
 sory stamp. 
 
 Saturday 
 Review 
 founded. 
 
 John Francis 
 obtains per- 
 mission for 
 newsagents to 
 have stamped 
 covers. 
 
194 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 His estimate 
 
 of total issue 
 
 of papers and 
 
 magazines. 
 
 The "rag 
 scarecrow." 
 
 1903, Apr. 8. 
 
 Use of 
 Esparto for 
 paper- 
 making. 
 
 Deterioration 
 in quality. 
 
 The Egyptian 
 papyrus. 
 
 Id., 2d., 6d., and Is. My father further suggested that stamps 
 should have printed upon them the weight of printed matter they 
 would carry. 
 
 Reference to ' The Newspaper Press Directory ' of 1862 will 
 show the great increase of papers and magazines on account of the 
 repeal of the paper duties. My father estimated the total issue of 
 newspapers and class journals in 1860 at 118,799,200 ; in 1864 it 
 was 195,062,400. The increase in magazine literature was equally 
 remarkable. The repeal of the duties caused quite a scare among 
 some stationers, and the " rag scarecrow " provided a subject for 
 Punch. The Times took things very seriously, and stated that 
 " whatever substances may be used to supplant the supply of rags, 
 the pubUc may take it as an indisputable fact that paper of any 
 quality worthy to be called paper must depend for its fibre upon 
 rags." At the present time paper composed entirely of rag is 
 confied to the most expensive kinds. Now nearly all our best paper 
 is largely made from esparto grass. The eminent horticulturist 
 Dr. Lindley was one of the first to show the quantity of fibre 
 available in the common furze for the manufacture of paper. 
 
 At first paper-makers looked coldly upon the use of esparto, 
 and in 1860 Mr. Thomas Routledge was the only paper-maker using 
 it ; but it was gradually adopted, Mr. Edward Lloyd, the founder 
 of Lloyd's News, being among the earhest to use it. Now, owing 
 to improved methods, straw, wood pulp, and other materials have 
 been largely introduced, and these have enabled the common 
 sorts of paper to be produced at the present low rates. But for 
 books of reference, and works of permanent value, the higher- 
 priced papers must still be used, as the cheaper kinds are not 
 satisfactory. The Society of Arts pubhshed in 1898 a report of a 
 committee on the deterioration of paper, which suggested that 
 works of a permanent character should be printed on paper con- 
 sisting of not less than 70 per cent, of rag. 
 
 It is curious that so far back as 1801 Matthias Koops had a 
 patent for making paper from straw, and he published an ' Historical 
 Accoxmt of the Substances which have been used to describe Events 
 and to convey Ideas from the Earhest Date to the Invention of 
 Paper.' The second edition of this was printed on paper manu- 
 factured solely from straw, while the Appendix was printed on 
 paper made from wood alone. There is an illustration of " The 
 Egyptian Papyrus." At the present time the old papyrus-growing 
 industry of Egypt is being revived, a large tract of ground is now 
 under cultivation, and it is beUeved that the result wiU be the pro- 
 duction of a better quality of paper than any yet on the market, 
 at a much cheaper price. 
 
 There are two interesting articles on the press in the ' Direc- 
 tory,' one written by the veteran Sir Edward RusseU, and the other 
 by Sir Alfred Harms worth (now Lord NorthcUffe) " one of the 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 195 
 
 younger men engaged in the making of newspapers." Like all 
 successful men, he is an optimist, and no one can doubt that he 
 is right when he says : " The future of the daily press grows brighter 
 every year. As a record of the world's history it is well on the road 
 towards perfection ; while its educative influence is greater to-day 
 than it has ever been in the past." Of the London daily papers the 
 oldest is The Morning Post, estabUshed 1772 ; The Times comes 
 next, 1785, followed by The Morning Advertiser, 1794. The fkst 
 daily estabUshed in the nineteenth century was The Daily News, 
 1846. Of the weekly papers, only six have exceeded the three 
 score and ten hmit : The Weekly Dispatch, 1801 ; The Lancet, 1823 ; 
 The Athenaeum, January, 1828 ; The Record, January, 1828 (formerly 
 issued three times a week) ; The Spectator, July, 1828 ; and The 
 Broad Arrow, 1833. 
 
 Not the least interesting portion of this ' Directory ' is that 
 devoted to our Colonial Press, in which a sketch is given of its early 
 struggles. While the friends of the press were fighting for freedom 
 here, a hard struggle preceded the emancipation of the press in 
 almost every colony. The censorship was a privilege which Colonial 
 Governors parted with reluctantly, and freedom had to be almost 
 torn from their grasp. The first newspaper started in British North 
 America was The Halifax Gazette, on the 23rd of March, 1752. Its 
 projector was Bartholomew Green, son of the publisher of the 
 celebrated Boston News Letter, the first newspaper published in 
 America. The opening number of the Gazette had only three 
 advertisements, one of these referring to some negro slaves who 
 were for sale in Halifax. The second Canadian paper was The 
 Quebec Gazette, started June 21st, 1764. Its first number contained 
 the news " that the House of Commons intended to tax the Ame- 
 rican Colonies." The oldest paper existing in Canada is The 
 Montreal Gazette, founded June 3rd, 1778. It owed its origin " to 
 a belief on the part of the American Revolutionary party that the 
 French Canadians could be won over to support the rebel States." 
 Under this impression Benjamin Franklin was supplied with a 
 printing-press, in order to appeal to the inhabitants of Lower 
 Canada by its means. 
 
 AustraUa has close upon a thousand newspapers, and in no 
 part of the world is the press more powerful. When Governor 
 Phillip took possession in 1788, and established Sydney, he brought 
 with him from England a printing-press ; but as no one had any 
 knowledge of the black art, it was ten years before his proclamations 
 could appear in type, and replace the manuscript notices previously 
 affixed to gum trees, so that it was not until the 5th of March, 1803, 
 that the first newspaper. The Sydney Gazette, was pubhshed. Copies 
 of this first issue are still extant, but in too dilapidated a condition 
 for effective reproduction. The honour of starting the second paper. 
 The Australian, on the 24th of October, 1824, is due to William 
 
 N 2 
 
 Ages of 
 newspapers. 
 
 The Colonial 
 press. 
 
 First 
 
 Canadian 
 
 papers. 
 
 First 
 
 American 
 
 paper. 
 
 First 
 
 Australian 
 
 paper. 
 
196 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Sydney 
 Morning 
 Herald. 
 
 Charles Wentworth, a Sydney barrister, who subsequently de- 
 veloped into the pioneer statesman of Australia. Its aim was 
 " to convert a prison into a colony fit for a freeman to inhabit 
 himself and to bequeath as an inheritance to posterity." It survived 
 until 1848, and its career was brilUant. 
 
 It was in 1831 that the era of serious journalism commenced. 
 On April 18th The Sydney Morning Herald first saw the light, and 
 " it has since become one of the giants of the Australian press," 
 and is regarded with affectionate veneration as one of the institu- 
 tions of Australia. The property is now held by Six James Reading 
 Fairfax and his sons. It is a curious fact that for many years 
 this paper has been conducted by clerical editors. Mr. Thomas 
 Heney is its present editor. Another paper. The Atlas, was started 
 in 1844 as the organ of the " squattocracy." Among its most 
 caustic writers was Robert Lowe, then a Sydney barrister, after- 
 wards Lord Sherbrooke. The founder of the Victorian press was 
 John Pascoe Fawkner. In 1838 he circulated a manuscript news- 
 paper. The Melbourne Advertiser, the remote progenitor of the famous 
 Melbourne Argus. It stated that " the sons of Britain languish 
 when debarred the use of that mighty engine the press." After 
 nine issues in manuscript Fawkner procured a quantity of " old 
 waste letter called type," and the tenth number was set up by a 
 lad \rith a few months' experience in type-setting. The united 
 annual circulation of the Australian press through the Post OfBce 
 now reaches 130,000,000. Of course these vast figures give no idea 
 of the actual circulation. 
 
 Space will not allow of more than these passing references, 
 although it would be interesting to give an account of the Indian, 
 South African, and West Indian presses. 
 
 This account of the Colonial Press is well illustrated, and as 
 one looks at the striking portraits one feels a longing to have 
 personal acquaintance with the men to whose talents and great 
 ability the proud position of our Colonial Press is due. I have only 
 been able to indicate briefly what rich material the future historian 
 of the Colonial Press \vill find ready to his hand in this invaluable 
 volume. 
 
 I cannot close without ofiering to Mr. WeUsman, the editor 
 of this ' Directory,' my hearty congratulations, for he assisted Mr. 
 knowledge of Mitchell, in the first issue in 1846 and subsequent issues. In 1857 
 the press. j^^ became sub-editor, and on Mr. Mitchell's death in 1859 he took 
 over the editorship. I may add that Mr. WeUsman has always been 
 ready in the most courteous way to give information to members 
 of Parliament and others requiring " Press statistics." His 
 knowledge of these is unique, and was specially useful in the 
 agitation for the repeal of the compulsory stamp and the Paper 
 Duties. 
 
 Walter 
 Wellsman's 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 197 
 
 "MR." 
 
 Under ' The Office Window ' in The Daily Chronicle of July 17th, 1905, July 22. 
 1905, a correspondent raises the question, "When does a 'Mr.' "Mr." 
 cease to be a ' Mr.' ? " I think the rule of The AthencBum is a good 
 one, which confines the prefix to living people. 
 
 THE MONUMENT ON FISH STREET HILL. 
 
 The reference to the effacing of the old inscription by order of 1905, July 29. 
 the Court of Common Council, in your review on July 22nd, 1905, of Fish Street 
 "The Gentleman's Magazine Library," reminds me that The 
 Athenmum for January 29th, 1831, in recording the chipping-off of 
 " the old lying inscription," makes this protest : — 
 
 " This is abundantly silly. To mutilate and destroy inscriptions 
 is to falsify history. Its remaining there did not prove that the 
 Catholics set fire to the city ; but it proved the bigoted ignorance of 
 the people who believed so ; it proved that popular opinions, where 
 they run current with popular prejudice, are very indifferent authority." 
 
 Hill 
 Monument. 
 
 obtained 
 
 copies of the 
 
 Treaty o£ 
 
 1815. 
 
 HOW THE ENGLISH PRESS OBTAINED COPIES OF THE 
 TREATY OF PEACE, 1815. 
 
 In a book just published by H. Bouillant, Paris, entitled 1905, Aug. 2G, 
 ' Mory & Cie., 1804^1904,' by Henri Mory, an interesting account is How the 
 given of this incident. It appears that Nicolas Alexandre Toussaint English press 
 Mory, who founded the firm at Calais, was corresponding clerk to 
 the English Post Office, and had the exclusive privilege of the trans- 
 mission of English journals to the Continent, as well as the forwarding 
 of foreign journals to England. The text of the treaty appeared 
 in the Moniteur of the 26th of November. Mory at once started a 
 courier, who reached Cailais on the following morning at ten o'clock. 
 The wind was favourable, and he arrived in London at nine the 
 same evening, having accomplished the journey in thirty-three 
 hours. The treaty appeared the following morning in all the 
 London papers, where the French Ambassador read it for the first 
 time. It was not until the same day that the official news was 
 received at Calais. 
 
 JUBILEE OF 'THE DAILY TELEGRAPH.' 
 (June 29th, 1905.) 
 
 The Jubilee of the first penny daily paper to be pubhshed in 1905, Sept. 23. 
 London deserves to be placed on record. The Holy War for an 
 unstamped Press had, after many a hard-fought battle, ended in 
 victory ; and from June, 1855, newspapers could be issued either 
 with or without a stamp. A glance at ' Mitchell's Newspaper 
 Press Directory ' for 1856 will show to what enterprise this gave 
 
198 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 J. M. Levy 
 purchases 
 The Daily 
 Telegra/ph and 
 The Morning 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Early contri- 
 butors to 
 Ihe Daily 
 Telegraph. 
 
 Supports 
 
 Gladstone's 
 
 repeal of the 
 
 paper duties. 
 
 Sends George 
 Smith to 
 Nineveh. 
 
 Joins New 
 
 York Serald 
 
 in sending 
 
 Stanley to 
 
 Africa. 
 
 rise in the newspaper world, especially in the provinces. But 
 London was not to be behind, and on the 29th of June, 1855, when 
 England and France were looking forward to the faU of Sebastopol, 
 the first number of The Daily Telegraph and Courier appeared, the 
 price being twopence. 
 
 On the 17th of September of the same year, the paper having 
 passed into the hands of Mr. J. M. Levy, the price was reduced to 
 one penny. Each issue consisted of four pages, and the title of 
 Courier was allowed to fall into the background. Mr. Levy also 
 purchased The Morning Chronicle, and thus extinguished that 
 venerable paper. What a curious and interesting contribution to 
 the history of English newspapers a record of that paper would be ! 
 The Westminster Gazette recalls the fact that Nelson privately com- 
 municated to The Morning Chronicle the death of Sir Wilham 
 Hamilton. There stiD. hangs over the publishing office of The 
 Daily Telegraph the original clock of the older paper. This reminds 
 me of our old clock at The Athenaeum, which has indicated the time 
 for publishing, without intermission, since the days when it was 
 placed in the office in Catherine Street, in the house rented from the 
 notorious MoUoy Westmacott. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph article on its Jubilee tells us the names of 
 some of those who contributed to its success in the past, the hst 
 including Thornton Hunt, Geoffrey Prowse, George Hooper, the 
 Hon. Frank Lawley, Edward Dicey, H. D. Traill, Sir Edwin Arnold, 
 and George Augustus Sala. Among those of the present day may 
 be named Mr. W. L. Courtney and Mr. J. M. Le Sage. The article 
 also records with just pride the opportunities taken by it for the 
 public good. Among the first was its strong support of Mr. Glad- 
 stone in the repeal of the Paper Duties, Lord Burnham (then Mr. 
 Lawson) being an active member of the Association founded by 
 my father for freeing Hterature and the press from taxation. In 
 June, 1873, The Daily Telegraph sent Mr. George Smith to Nineveh, 
 where he discovered the missing fragments of the cuneiform account 
 of the Deluge. In 1875 Stanley's expedition to Africa was organized 
 by The Daily Telegraph in conjunction with The New York Herald. 
 The results of that journey are described in ' Through the Dark 
 Continent.' Other geographical feats with which the paper is 
 associated are the exploration of Kilimanjaro by Sir Harry Johnston 
 in 1884-5, and Mr. Lionel Decle's march from the Cape to Cairo in 
 1899-1900. 
 
 Reference is also made in the article to the increased use of 
 telegraphic communication by war correspondents. " The old 
 idea was that a carefully written account of any incident abroad 
 was better in itself, and more appreciated by the general body of 
 readers, than a more or less brief telegraphic summary." But the 
 War of 1870 altered this state of things, and Su- John Robinson 
 of The Daily News, when he sent out Archibald Forbes, instructed 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 199 
 
 him to send home his dispatches by telegraph. The result of this 
 was to increase the sale of The Daily News by leaps and bounds, 
 and the daily press now follows the same method. The Daily 
 Telegraph numbers among its war correspondents Sir WUham 
 Howard Russell, who represented the paper in the South African 
 War of 1881, and Mr. Bennet Burleigh. 
 
 Taking advantage of wireless telegrams. The Daily Telegraph 
 has supplemented from steamers crossing the Atlantic the official 
 meteorological service ; and the special correspondent of the paper, 
 on his way to the Peace Conference between Russia and Japan at 
 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905, made use of four eastward- 
 bound steamers to transmit by Marconi's etheric waves an interview 
 with M. Witte in mid-Atlantic. 
 
 On the 12th of October, 1908, The Daily Telegraph had the 
 privilege to announce that " Her Majesty the Queen has prepared 
 a Christmas Gift-Book which by her express desire is to bear her 
 name, ' Queen Alexandra's Christmas Gift-Book,' to be published 
 by The Daily Telegraph, the proceeds of the sale to be apphed ' for 
 charity.' " The book, as is now well known, is one of photographs 
 taken by the Queen herself. The demand for the work was so 
 great that, within seventeen days, only 60,000 copies of the first 
 edition of half a miUion remained for disposal. This edition was 
 published on the 12th of November, and for its production seven 
 different paper mills had been drawn upon, to the extent in the 
 aggregate of 250 tons of paper. 
 
 The works of pubHc benevolence with which the paper has been 
 associated include the relief of the sufferers in Lanceishire by the 
 cotton famiue ia 1862 ; aid sent to Paris at the end of the Franco- 
 German War ; the JubUee Hospital Fund, 1897, for which 37,000L 
 was raised ; while the Boer War Orphan Fund amounted to 253,000Z. 
 
 With such a record The Daily Telegraph rightly claims to " have 
 shared in a general movement which has revolutionized the modern 
 press, and carried its power and influence into many quarters which 
 before the spread of compulsory education, had no knowledge of, 
 or interest in, the events of the busy world." And although the 
 newspaper " may have its faults and its failings, at least it cannot 
 be denied that it is one of the most tremendous organs of public 
 enlightenment which the developments of civilization have ever 
 engendered." 
 
 Its war corre- 
 spondents. 
 
 Wireless 
 telegrams. 
 
 Queen 
 
 Alexandra's 
 
 Christmas 
 
 Gift-Book. 
 
 Its 
 
 philanthropic 
 
 efEorts. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 1905, Nov. 11. 
 
 The Tmies 
 denouncesthe 
 repeal of the 
 
 compulsory 
 stamp. 
 
 The Saturday 
 Reviem. 
 
 Its first 
 number. 
 
 Its founder, 
 
 Berestord 
 
 Hope. 
 
 ' THE SATURDAY REVIEW ' — G. J. HOLYOAKE — ELIZABETH 
 BARRETT BROWNING THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 THE JUBILEE OF ' THE SATURDAY REVIEW.' 
 (November 3rd, 1905.) 
 
 On the 19th of March, 1855, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 Sir George Cornewall Lewis, submitted to the House of Commons 
 his resolutions for the repeal of the compulsory stamp on newspapers. 
 The Times on the following morning vigorously denounced these, 
 and characterized them as a measure for restricting the circulation 
 of The Times, raising up an inferior and piratical press, and sacri- 
 ficing a revenue of 200,000?. a year : — 
 
 " What the London papers have to expect is, that in the metropolis, 
 and still more in the manufacturing districts, there will be published 
 early in the day, and circulated by private hands, a cheap class of papers 
 giving all the news we. believe to constitute our principal attraction, 
 and to obtain which we spend immense sums of money." 
 
 How groundless were these fears is now a matter of history. On 
 June 15th, 1855, the Bill abolishing the compulsory stamp became 
 law. 
 
 The encouragement this freedom gave to new literary ventures 
 was immediately shown. Among the most striking of these was the 
 brilliant Saturday Review, its first number being pubhshed on the 
 3rd of November, 1855. The opening address stated : — 
 
 "The immediate motive in coming before the public is furnished 
 by the impetus given to periodical literature by the repeal of the 
 Newspaper Stamp Act. The object of that measure is to enable those 
 who assume the responsibility of providing the public with accessible 
 information or instruction, to do so without the cumbrous and expensive 
 machinery hitherto inseparable from a newspaper. . . .The press has, 
 by the late change in the law, acquired freedom rather than cheapness, 
 and of the benefits of the change the writers and proprietors of The 
 Saturday Review desire to avail themselves." 
 
 Its founder was Beresford Hope, with John Douglas Cook as 
 editor. Cook had been editor of The Mornivg Chronicle since 1848, 
 when the paper had been purchased by the Duke of Newcastle and 
 others in the interests of the Peelites. Mr. Fox Bourne, in his 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 201 
 
 'English Newspapers,' describes it as being "a serviceable if a 
 costly engine for the leading of the Peehtes from the Conservatism 
 from which they started to the Liberalism in which most of them 
 found rest." Notwithstanding a brilliant staff of contributors, 
 The. Morning Ghronicle steadily declined, and its sale dwindled to 
 about 2,500, the loss being on the average from 10,000^. to 12,000?. 
 a year. The Peelites got tired of this, sold the paper to Serjeant 
 Glover for 7,500?., and Beresford Hope started The Saturday Review. 
 Mr. Fox Bourne notes 
 
 " that, as w£is proper to a continuator of The Morning Chronicle, it 
 made it one of its special duties to oppose The Times on political grounds, 
 and to overthrow, if it could, what it regarded as the monstrous mono- 
 poly of the overweening tyrant of Printing House Square." 
 
 The prospectus which appears in the first number states that 
 the paper " will give no news whatever, except in the way of illus- 
 trative documents, and such facts as may be required to make its 
 comments and criticism inteUigible," and it will consist " entirely of 
 leading articles, reviews, comments, and criticisms on the various 
 parhamentary, social, and literary events of the day." The writers 
 claimed to be regarded as advocates of " liberal and independent 
 opinions." 
 
 A foot-note states that the conductors " decline to receive 
 books, prints, &c., gratuitously for review, as the limits of no 
 periodical admit of a proper notice of all new publications. The 
 conductors will provide for themselves the works which they 
 may select for criticism." It is also stated that the publishing 
 has been entrusted to John W. Parker & Son, West Strand. 
 
 Russia forms the subject of the first article in the first number, 
 as it also does in that of the Jubilee issue. Another article is on 
 ' Our Newspaper Institutions,' in which the writer considers that 
 
 " no apology is necessary for assuming that this country ia ruled by 
 The Times. We all know it, or, if we do not know it, we ought to know 
 it. It is high time we began to realize the magnificent spectacle afforded 
 by British freedom — thirty millions of Gives Romani governed despotic- 
 ally by a newspaper. Even the direct rivals of The Times in the daily 
 press implicitly admit its autocracy .... As for the weekly newspapers, 
 they have degenerated into the toadies of the great daily journal, and 
 if there be one form of this toadyism more ecstatic than another, it is 
 that exhibited by the jokers of the hebdomadal press." 
 
 This article is referred to in the Jubilee number as "an amusing 
 skit on The Times." 
 
 The varied contents of this first number include the failure of 
 the bankers Strahan, Paul, and Bates, " a very triad of respecta- 
 bilities," and Sir Charles Barry's " grandiose scheme " for com- 
 pleting the Palace of Westminster. His proposal to remove 
 
 Its fiist 
 
 editor, John 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Cook. 
 
 No gratuitous 
 books for 
 
 Article on 
 ' Our News- 
 paper Institu- 
 tions.' 
 England 
 "ruled by 
 The Times." 
 
202 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 1905, Nov. 18. 
 
 Contents of 
 the early 
 volumes. 
 
 The Austrian 
 Concordat. 
 
 Coronation of 
 the Emperor 
 Alexander. 
 
 St. Margaret's Church is strongly condemned, and VioUet le Due 
 — " confessedly the great master of Gothic architecture in France " 
 — is quoted as having " expressed himself most strongly and 
 undoubtingly against the demoUtion," his argument being " that 
 the church is needed to give scale to the Abbey." In ' Heine, 
 Poet and Humourist,' the dying poet is said to be " paralyzed, blind 
 and bedridden in an obscure lodging of the Rue d' Amsterdam at 
 Paris." ' The War Passages in " Maud," ' while rejecting the 
 author as a practical adviser, renders 
 
 " full, though superfluous honours to his poetial powers. Only on tjie 
 theory that a moral purpose is indispensable to poetry, can it be denied 
 that he is one of the greatest of poets. His works are perhaps the most 
 intellectual luxury the world ever enjoyed." 
 
 The last article is a review of a novel in one volume, a rare 
 limit in those days. Novel-writers may welcome this hint : — ■ 
 
 " The one-volume novel has its duties as well as its privileges. 
 While it is allowed to be short, it ought to be very perfect." 
 
 Through the courtesy of the present editor of The Saturday 
 Review, Mr. Harold Hodge, I have had access to the early volumes 
 The following notes from the first two, 1855-6, are of interest. 
 Although they contain no digest of the news of the week, the leading 
 articles give a vivid picture of current events : the siege of Sebasto- 
 pol ; the fall of Kars, caused by " unpardonable negligence " ; 
 the Crimea Commission ; and the Treaty of Peace, which " may 
 be considered satisfactory," and, " like the war which procured it, 
 carries out and records the deliberate, earnest, and clear-sighted 
 policy of the Enghsh people." The Austrian Concordat raises the 
 question, " Are we living in the year 1077 ? Has the great world 
 reversed its axis ? Is it Henry II. or Franz Joseph who wears 
 the imperial purple ? " By the Swedish Treaty " the Allies guaran- 
 tee the territorial integrity of Sweden and Norway." The corona- 
 tion of the Emperor Alexander II. inspires a hopeful article in regard 
 to Russia : " Undoubtedly Russia has a great future before it. 
 We may reasonably believe that dreams of universal empire will 
 give way to a healthier ambition, and to the pursuit of more enduring 
 triumphs than those which stimulated the ambition of Catherine 
 or of Nicholas." The Report of the Census Commissioners for 
 Ireland also affords matter for congratulation : " Wealth is visibly 
 increasing, crime is fast abating, and disaffection has vanished." 
 " The number of emigrants reached their maximum in 1852, since 
 which year they have fallen from 190,000 to 90,000 " ; and there 
 is a promise, in the absence of unforeseen calamities, of " an easy 
 and rapid progress in the career of prosperity and tranquUHty on 
 which, for the first time in her history, Ireland has now fairly 
 entered." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 203 
 
 The Brussels Free Trade Conference calls forth the remarks : — Brussels Free 
 
 " We doubt if there is a man left in the United Kingdom who would Conference 
 unreservedly proclaim himself a Protectionist. The marvellous progress 
 of our exports, as shown by the returns of the last ten years, is, in truth, 
 an unanswerable argiunent. In 1846 the amount was 57,000,000?. ; 
 in 1855, a year of war, it reached 95,000,000?. But the present year 
 of peace [1856] far surpasses all, the exports already returned being at 
 the rate of 110,000,000?., or nearly double the amount of 1846." 
 
 London and its buildings form the subject of many articles. 
 
 On the 11th of November, 1855, Mr. Pennington, the architect Pennington 
 of the new Record Office in Fetter Lane, comes ia for a severe ^^^ *j ^^^ 
 castigation : — 
 
 " Describe the building we really cannot ; for our architectural 
 vocabulary does not contain terms to define its monstrosities. The 
 general effect combines the workiiouse, the jail, and the Manchester 
 mill. The style is meant to be Tudor, with every larger feature and 
 every detail of that style misapplied and distorted." 
 
 Record OflSce. 
 
 On the 22nd of December we have an extract from the pro- 
 spectus of 
 
 " the Victorian Way ; or Sir Joseph Paxton's splendid designs for a 
 Girdle Railway and Arcade Boulevard, with shops and houses attached, 
 all under a glass roof, similar to the Crystal Palace, with a roadway in 
 the centre, and double railways on the drawing-room and attic floors — 
 trains every two minutes and a half — forming a salubrious enclosed 
 circle of pure country air through ten miles of the densest part of the 
 metropolis, crossing the river three times on magnificent bridges, with 
 a Branch from the New Cut to Regent's Circus, affording instantaneous 
 communication from the West End to the Bank, and rendering foreign 
 climates vmnecessary to invahds. Capital only 34 millions, which is 
 decidedly in excess of the probable cost." 
 
 The writer treating on this is " puzzled " to account for the strange 
 infatuation that has made this Knight of the Crystal Palace an 
 object of so much popular worship : — 
 
 " He has carried out his ideas at the expense of the share- 
 holders of the Crystal Palace, by placing them in possession of the 
 most gorgeous and the least remimerative exhibition in the world. 
 
 His estimates grew from 400,000?. to upwards of 1,400,000? Yet 
 
 the Crystal Palace outlay is thrift itseK compared with the cost of the 
 projected Girdle." 
 
 The journalism of the period forms the subject of many pungent 
 articles. Present readers of The Globe will be amused at this 
 description (February 2nd, 1856) : — 
 
 " Rich in its vein of solenm respectability, it discourses on every- 
 thing with judicious gravity, and in a spirit of unimpeachable Whiggism. 
 It can, however, condescend to the assumed tastes of its readers ; and 
 it handles little matters as an evening journal mxist do, though always 
 with great seriousness and dignity. Only a few days ago it examined 
 
 Mr. Joseph 
 
 Paxton's 
 
 " Victorian 
 
 Way." 
 
 Journalism 
 
 of the 
 
 period : The 
 
 Globe. 
 
204 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 and settled, with the most patient impartiaUty, an interesting discussion 
 between a parson and his curate, as to who should have the hat-bands 
 presented at a funeral. These are just the kind of problems which one 
 has strength to enter on in the hungry hour before dinner, and we may 
 be glad to have them handled so soberly and discreetly." 
 
 Tlie Morning On the 22nd of March the founding of The Morning Star forms 
 
 Star. the subject for the following comments : — 
 
 " Certain conditions of success may be wanting to The Morning 
 Star ; but whether it succeeds or fails, we are convinced that a cheap 
 press will ultimately be the means of fastening an effectual responsi- 
 bility on The Times." 
 
 The Times. 
 
 The 
 
 Education 
 Difficulty. 
 
 Lord Palmci- 
 
 ston with- 
 draws bands 
 from the 
 parks on 
 Sundays. 
 
 Advertise- 
 ments of 
 books. 
 
 The writer then renders to The Times this well^deserved tribute : 
 
 "It is needless for us to accompany our censures of The Times 
 with compliments to its ability, which are implied in the censures .... 
 It would be sovereign injustice not to add that we owe to The Times 
 the high standard which must be proposed to itseH by every newspaper, 
 dear or cheap, that aims at a very extensive circulation. From the 
 penny journalism of America The Times has saved us. . . .The Times, 
 in truth, was the first English newspaper which secured the services of 
 writers possessing the skill, the tastes, the sjrmpathies, and the informa- 
 tion of thoroughly educated gentlemen." 
 
 A great scheme of metropolitan improvement is also commented 
 upon in the number for March 22nd, comprising 
 
 " the rebuilding in Pall Mall of the War Department offices in all its 
 branches, and of the other public offices along a reconstituted Parlia- 
 ment Street. . . .the opening Up of St. James's Park by the widening 
 of some existing passages, together with the removal of the York column 
 and steps." 
 
 ' The Education Difficulty ' formed a subject for discussion in 
 1856, as it does half a century later. In an article on April 19th 
 the opinion is expressed that " a sensible instructor will never be 
 seriously embarrassed, within the walls of his own schoolroom, 
 by the fact that his pupils may belong to different sectarian deno- 
 minations " ; and it is stated that the then Bishop of Manchester 
 " conducted at Birmingham, with facility and success, a great school 
 which was open to the children of Dissenters and of Jews." 
 
 Among other home subjects treated in these first two volumes 
 are ' Chemistry and Agriculture,' ' Crime and Punishment,' ' Law 
 Reform,' ' The Sale of Commissions,' and ' Sabbath Observance.' 
 The last question gave rise to much heated discussion, and Lord 
 Palmerston had to yield to the Scotch members, and withdraw 
 the bands from the parks on Sundays. 
 
 Although the proprietors made no effort to secure advertise- 
 ments, advertisers sent in their announcements, No. 1 having six 
 pages, including a column from Mudie, who states that he has 
 a thousand copies of Sydney Smith's ' Memoirs.' Other books 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 205 
 
 recently added to the library comprise ' Westward Ho ! ' 600 copies, 
 and ' Heartsease,' 900 copies. There are also columns from Smith 
 & Elder and Blackwood. Bradbury & Evans advertise a new 
 serial work by Mr. Charles Dickens, ' Little Dorrit.' And our old 
 friend Mr. Thoms advertises Notes and Queries. 
 
 In 1855 and 1856 hawkers were selling in the streets of London 1905, Nov. 25. 
 caricatures of the two popular preachers Bellew and Spurgeon, j. c. M. 
 Spurgeon being depicted as Brimstone, and Bellew as Treacle. The Bellew. 
 Saturday Review, ever on the look-out for popular subjects, devoted 
 much space to reviewing their sermons as well as those of Dr. 
 John Gumming. Bellew then preached to a fashionable congrega- 
 tion at St. Philip's in Regent Street, which was crowded to the doors. 
 The reviewer describes him as having " a loose, rambling intellect," 
 and column after column could be filled " with examples of the 
 surprising digressions, the tawdry ornaments, and the jumble of 
 ideas, which, with a very few exceptions, disfigure every sermon 
 that Mr. Bellew has published." 
 
 To Dr. Gumming two long reviews are devoted on June 14th Dr. Gumming, 
 and 21st, 1856, the works being ' The End ; or. Proximate Signs 
 of the Glose of the Dispensation,' and ' Apocalyptic Sketches.' 
 The last had a sale of 16,000. He is charged 
 
 " with gross ignorance ; his object is to insinuate — for he does not go 
 so far as explicitly to assert — that the end of the world is to take place 
 in 1865, and this he does on the strength of certain passages in the 
 Greek Testament, and their connexion with certain historical events." 
 
 The review disclaims all knowledge of Dr. Gumming or his 
 affairs : — 
 
 " We look only at the influence which he exercises, and at the 
 doctrine which he preaches, and we feel very strongly that such influ- 
 ence ought not to be exercised, nor such doctrine to be preached, 
 by incompetent persons without some kind of protest .... An enormous 
 proportion of it consists of denunciations of the Papists, and announce- 
 ments of the approach of the end of the world. It is not too much to 
 say that he is prmcipally occupied in disseminating, as widely as possible, 
 mutual distrust and indignation between two great religious com- 
 munities, and in unsettling the minds of his own immediate flock in the 
 pursuit of all their ordinary duties." 
 
 Spurgeon was also severely dealt with ; but in many ways Charles 
 he quietly took advantage of criticism. He had criticisms and Haddon 
 caricatures bound into volumes, and they were preserved by him Spurgeon. 
 at the Metropohtan Tabernacle. Bellew and Gumming are almost 
 forgotten, but the name of Spurgeon will for long years yet to come 
 kindle a glow in many hearts. 
 
 The Saturday Review took the same course in regard to the 
 literature of the day as it did with respect to foreign and home 
 politics : it attempted no complete record, b^t merely reviewed 
 such books as were considered to be of special interest. From the 
 first two volumes I have made the following notes. 
 
206 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
 Christopher 
 North. 
 
 Robert 
 Browning. 
 
 M acaulay. 
 
 George 
 Meredith. 
 
 On November 10th, 1855, Longfellow is congratulated on his 
 new poem, ' The Song of Hiawatha,' and " on the success which has 
 attended his labour." The reviewer recognizes him as 
 
 " a scholar and a poet .... In him we shall find, if not always masculiae 
 vigour and terseness, yet always freshness, tenderness, sitnphcity — the 
 thoughtful brain of a scholar, and the loving heart of a man." 
 
 In the same number Christopher North's ' Noctes ' are noticed, 
 
 ' ' with all their faults, which are palpable enough, .... a valuable 
 contribution to our hterature. They are the effusions of a powerful 
 mind — wide and various in their subject, embracing the current topics 
 of their time, and throwing no small Hght on its history .... The per- 
 vading spirit is noble and generous. There is no smallness or soreness, 
 no petty personal jealousy, no flippant disparagement, no maUgnity. 
 Christopher North is eager to acknowledge merit in a pohtical opponent. 
 Even while he is holding up some imhappy wight to the derision of all 
 mankind, his own temper is one of thorough kindUness and good 
 humoiK." 
 
 On the 24th of November Browniag's ' Men and Women ' 
 is subjected to a furious attack. It is described as 
 
 " a book of madness and mysticism. . . .power wantonly wasted, and 
 talent deliberately perverted .... We can find nothing but a set purpose 
 to be obscure, and an idiot captivity to the jingle of Hudibrastic rhyme. 
 This idle weakness really appears to be at the bottom of half the daring 
 nonsense in this most daringly nonsensical book." 
 
 Goethe's ' Life and Works,' edited by Lewes, is reviewed on the 
 8th of December ; and in the same number Brougham's contribu- 
 tions to The Edinburgh Review are described as " a most interesting 
 record of the manifold activity of an extraordinarily powerfid mind." 
 
 The third and fourth volumes of Macaulay's ' History ' are the 
 subject of three articles, the first appearing on the 29th of December. 
 The historian's style is thus described : — 
 
 " He seldom substitutes in the second clause of a sentence a 
 pronoun or an equivalent expression for a word which has been used in 
 the first. The antithesis is completed and pointed by the repetition 
 of the same subject in relation to predicates which are always various, 
 and often studiously contradictory. Almost every page of the 'History' 
 furnishes instances of this verbal pecuharity. . . .Mr. Macaulay may 
 justly boast, notwithstanding the objections which critics may urge 
 against his composition, that he has taught thousands to read history 
 who had never before attempted so dry a study — and that one of the 
 most obscure portions of English annals is now more familiax to the 
 great mass of educated persons than the struggles of the Commonwealth, 
 the wars of Marlborough, or the loss of America." 
 
 On January 19th, 1856, George Meredith's ' The Shaving of 
 Shagpat ' receives the highest praise : — 
 
 " A quaint title ushers in an original and charming book, the work 
 of a poet and a story-teller worthy to rank with the rare story-tellers 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 207 
 
 of the East, who have produced, in the ' Arabian Nights,' the ' Iliad ' 
 of romance .... Although written in prose, liberally sprinkled with 
 verses, the work is a poem throughout. In every page we are aware 
 of the poet .... The charm [of the book] has surpassed that of any 
 Eastern work we ever read since the Arabian tales ; and George Mere- 
 dith, hitherto known to us as a writer of graceful, but not very remark- 
 able verse, now becomes the name of a man of genius — of one who can 
 create." 
 
 In the same number an affectionate tribute is paid to Hum- 
 boldt in a review of his ' Kleine Schriften,' dedicated by him to 
 " the greatest geologist of the present day, the most acute observer 
 of nature," Leopold von Buch, " in memory of a sixty years' un- 
 troubled friendship." 
 
 Rogers's ' Table Talk ' brings forth a light, chatty article on 
 the 16th of February. Rogers 
 
 " had known all, or nearly all, the celebrities of England. His first 
 poem was published in 1786, before [Erasmus] Darwin, now long 
 forgotten, was heard of — before Crabbe had written his best poems 
 — while Cowper was gaining a little celebrity — and while Johnson still 
 reigned in Bolt Court." 
 
 He saw Lady Hamilton, at a party given to the Prince of Wales, 
 go through aU those " attitudes " which have often been engraved. 
 He saw Nelson spin a teetotum with his one hand during a whole 
 evening for the amusement of some children. Of Wellington it is 
 related that he was once in danger of being drowned at sea. It was 
 bedtime, and the captain told him, " It will soon be all over with 
 us." " Very well," answered the Duke ; " then I shall not take 
 off my boots." The book, it will be remembered, teems with the 
 sayings of Sydney Smith. Among those quoted is his telHng Rogers 
 of " a very odd dream " he had had on the previous night : " that 
 there were thirty-nine Muses and nine Articles, and my head is 
 still quite confused about them." 
 
 In noticing Herbert Spencer's ' Principles of Psychology ' 
 on the 1st of March the reviewer 
 
 " cannot help one reflection. Whatever pain may be felt at finding 
 so remarkable an intellect on the side of opinions which most readers 
 must regard as opposed to their most cherished convictions, there will 
 be a counterbalancing pleasure and a high moral influence in the contact 
 with a mind so thoroughly earnest and sincere in the search after truth 
 as every page of this work shows Mr. Spencer to be." 
 
 On March 15th Walt Whitman's ' Leaves of Grass ' receives 
 summary treatment : "If the ' Leaves of Grass ' should come into 
 anybody's possession, our advice is to throw them instantly behind 
 the fire." 
 
 On March 22nd Grote is congratulated on the completion of his 
 history of Greece " from the days of Homer to the death of Ale??- 
 ander " : — 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 Rogers's 
 Table Talk.' 
 
 Herbert 
 Spencer. 
 
 Walt 
 Whitman. 
 
 Grote, 
 
208 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Singer's 
 ' Shake- 
 speare.' 
 
 Mrs. Fitz- 
 herbert and 
 George IV. 
 
 Victor Hugo. 
 
 Coventry 
 Patmore. 
 
 " Portions of his vast subject will hereafter receive additional 
 inquiry, and be placed in a new and fuller light, and his thoughts 
 will fructify and expand in the minds of other men ; but it will be long 
 before the work, as a whole, can be superseded, and his history will 
 remain to many generations as a monument of learning, of wisdom, 
 and of penetration." 
 
 On the same date a review of Singer's ' Shakespeare ' states : 
 
 " It is not creditable to English men of letters that a satisfactory 
 edition of England's greatest poet should still be a desideratum ; yet 
 every student must admit the mortifying fact. . . .There are many 
 causes of the many failures — the principal cause, however, and that 
 which brings all the others in its train, is the mediocrity of the men 
 who have undertaken the task. Even in the case of Johnson, Pope, and 
 Campbell, this sweeping charge of mediocrity is applicable, for these 
 men, remarkable as they were, were but mediocre in their knowledge 
 of Elizabethan literature and of the dramatic art. No dramatist has 
 ever set himself to the task — no man of special knowledge and great 
 intellectual power has thought it worthy of his labours, or thought 
 himseK competent to undertake it. The dififioulties we admit to be very 
 great. It is indispensable that whoever engages in the work should be 
 familiar with much more than the Elizabethan literature. He must 
 know the Spanish drama, and the early drama of France and Italy, and 
 he must be a dramatic critic." 
 
 The subject of Mrs. Fitzherbert and George IV. has been 
 revived through the publication in 1905 of the work by Mr. W. H. 
 Wilkins. The Saturday Review of the 29th of March, 1856, notices 
 the memoirs of the Hon. Charles Langdale, who had set his heart 
 upon the production of the papers deposited at Coutts's, to which 
 Mr. Wilkins, by permission of King Edward, has had access. Mrs. 
 Fitzherbert's executors. Sir George Seymour and Mr. Forster, 
 objected : " They urged that those papers only proved the marriage 
 of Mrs. Fitzherbert with the Prince — a thing which for many years, 
 past has never been disputed." In the book appear the letters 
 from the Duke of Wellington to Lord Stourton, refusing his consent 
 to the publication of the papers contained in the packet : — 
 
 " I do protest most solemnly against the measure proposed by your 
 Lordship — that of breaking the seals affixed to the packet of papers 
 belonging to the late Mrs. Fitzherbert, deposited at Messrs. Coutts the 
 bankers', under the several seals of the Earl of Albemarle, your Lordship, 
 and myself." 
 
 Victor Hugo's ' Les Contemplations ' receives high eulogy in 
 the number for the 26th of June : — 
 
 " We owe a debt of unmixed gratitude to the exile at Guernsey for 
 the rich banquet of poetry of which it has been our privilege to partake. 
 That we are not singular in our opinion as to its worth, may be gathered 
 from the fact that the first edition of the ' Contemplations ' was ex- 
 hausted on the day of publication." 
 
 In the review of ' The Angel in the House ' on the 11th of 
 October, Coventry Patmore is recognized as " a true poet." The 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 209 
 
 work " deserves to be read and remembered, not because it is 
 exempt from faults, but because it is unmistakably the production 
 of a poet." 
 
 A book which forms " part of the nation's title-deeds to great- 
 ness," Capt. M'Clure's ' Discovery of the North- West Passage,' is 
 noticed on the 8th of November : — 
 
 " The whole story is to the last degree grand and noble, and it 
 suffers nothing in the hand of its narrator .... If , during the late war, 
 our navy had few opportunities for performing brilliant achievements, 
 we may console ourselves by the reflection that one exploit, at any rate, 
 was performed by British seamen, which neither Nelson nor Colling- 
 wood has excelled." 
 
 ' Aurora Leigh ' is the subject of a long article on the 27th of 
 December, and severely criticized, but, 
 
 " notwithstanding the defects of the poem, Mrs. Browning has more 
 fuUy than ever proved that she is a poetess. The fable, the manners, 
 and the diction, are, as it has been said, more than questionable ; 
 but after eliminating the story, the eccentricities of the actors, and a 
 great part of the dialogue, there will remain an abundant store of 
 poetical thought, of musical language, and of deep and true reflection." 
 
 On the same date the reviewer of ' Barry Lyndon ' is inclined 
 to place it at the head of Thackeray's books : — 
 
 " It has an immense advantage over his better-known works in 
 being far shorter — for which reason the plot is clearer, simpler, and more 
 connected than it is in ' Vanity Fair,' ' Pendennis,' or ' The Newcomes.' 
 . . . .We do not think that Mr. Thackeray's extraordinary power of 
 description was ever more strongly illustrated than in the sketches 
 which this volume contains of the wild mad Irish life of Dublin and the 
 provinces in the last century. . . .In some respects it appears to be the 
 most characteristic and best executed of Mr. Thackeray's novels, 
 though it is far less known, and is likely, we think, to be less popular, 
 than the rest." 
 
 ' N. & Q.' has had only a few references to The Saturday Review. 
 Two of these are of special interest. A well-known bibliographer, 
 using the pseudonym P. W. Trepolpen, inserted a query as to the 
 existence of a pamphlet by James Grant, of The Morning Advertiser, 
 in which he criticized The Saturday, which had severely dealt with him 
 in its columns. He had intended including it in his ' History of 
 the Newspaper Press,' but space would not aUow of this. Trepolpen's 
 query brought him the loan of the pamphlet, and in ' N. & Q.' 
 of July 3rd, 1880, he gives its title :— 
 
 " The Saturday Review ; its Origin and Progress, its Contribu- 
 tors and Character. With Illustrations of the Mode in which it is 
 
 Conducted. By James Grant Being a Supplement to his ' History 
 
 of the Newspaper Press,' in Three Volumes, Lond., Darton & Co., 
 42, Paternoster Row, 1873. 8vo." Title and preface (dated March 18, 
 1873), pp. 1-iv ; History, 5-84. Price 2s. M. 
 
 o 
 
 MoClure and 
 
 the North- 
 West Passage 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Browning's 
 
 ' Aurora 
 
 Leigh.' 
 
 Thackeray. 
 
 1905, Dec. 2. 
 
 References to 
 
 The Saturday 
 
 in ' N. & Q.' 
 
 Pamphlet by 
 James Grant. 
 
210 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Epigram on 
 Tke Saturday. 
 
 The editors of 
 The Saturday. 
 
 John Douglas 
 Cook. 
 
 Philip 
 Harwood, 
 formerly sub- 
 editor of The 
 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Walter 
 Herries 
 Pollock. 
 
 Frank Harris. 
 
 Harold 
 Hodge. 
 
 Sir James 
 
 Fitzjames 
 
 Stephen a 
 
 contributor. 
 
 Mr. Richard H. Thornton, of Portland, Oregon, sent to 'N. & Q.' 
 an epigram on The Saturday which had appeared in The Arrow on 
 the 13th of September, 1864. The Saturday had remarked that 
 " critics play much the same part now which the Sadducees did." 
 The epigram, which was inserted in ' N. & Q.' for the 20th of 
 December, 1902, ran : — 
 
 Our hebdomadal caustic, severe upon quackery, 
 
 Was christened The Superfine, long since, by Thackeray ; 
 
 Men considered its bitters too nauseous and tonic. 
 
 So some called it Saturnine ; others. Sardonic ; 
 
 But wait long enough, a good name 's to be had, you see, 
 
 For it writes itself down as The Saturday Sadducee 1 
 
 Of John Douglas Cook, the first editor, the ' D.N.B. ,' from 
 information supplied by Beresford Hope, says : — 
 
 " Though not possessed of much literary cidture. Cook had a 
 singular instinct for recognizing abihty in others and judgment in 
 directing them, which made him one of the most efficient editors of 
 his day." 
 
 He edited the paper tiU his death on the 10th of August, 1868. 
 
 Cook was succeeded by Philip Harwood. The ' D.N.B.' states 
 that about 1849 he joined Cook as sub-editor of The, Morning 
 Chronicle. 
 
 " The Chronicle proved a great literary, but not a great commercial, 
 success ; and upon its relinquishment by the proprietors in 1854, 
 Harwood followed his chief to The Saturday Review," 
 
 and was sub-editor until 1868, when he succeeded as editor upon 
 the death of Douglas Cook. He 
 
 " had the character of being the best sub-editor ever known, and if as 
 editor he did not very powerfully impress his personahty upon his 
 joiu'nal, he faithfully maintained its traditions, and did all that could 
 be done by the most sedulous application and the fullest employment 
 of his ample stores of political knowledge .... Personally he was a most 
 amiable man, retaining much of the manner of the presbyterian minister 
 of the old school." 
 
 The Saturday Review of December 17th, 1887, contained an obituary 
 notice of him. 
 
 Walter Herries Pollock, who had been sub-editor, succeeded 
 Harwood, but left in 1894, when Mr. Frank Harris, the founder 
 and editor of The Candid Friend, became the fourth editor of 
 The Saturday. On his retirement in 1898 the present editor, Mr. 
 Harold Hodge, took the chair. He is in the prime of life, having 
 been born in 1862. He was educated first at St. Paul's School, and 
 from there went to Oxford. On leaving college he devoted himself 
 to social work in East London, and especially to the housing 
 question. 
 
 One of the earliest and ablest contributors was Sir James 
 Fitzjames Stephen (1829-94), of whom_the ' D.N.B.' says :— 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 211 
 
 " He found a thoroughly congenial emplosrtnent in writing social 
 and moral articles [for The Saturday], and became very intimate with 
 other contributors, especially George Stovin Venables and Thomas 
 CoUett Sandars." 
 
 George Stovin Venables (1810-88) wrote the first leading article 
 in the first number, and 
 
 " from that date until very shortly before his death he contributed an 
 article or two to that paper almost every week, and he probably did 
 more than any other writer of his time to establish and maintain the 
 best and strongest current style, and the highest type of political 
 thought, in journalism. For at least twenty-five consecutive years 
 from 1857 he wrote the summary of events which took the place of 
 leading articles in The Times on the last day of each year." 
 
 The ' D.N.B.' states " that he was almost without an equal in the 
 extraordinary force and charm of his character." 
 
 Among other notable contributors were Col. F. Cunningham 
 (son of Allan Cunningham), of whom an obituary notice appeared 
 in The Athenmum of December 18th, 1875 ; and James Hamilton 
 Fyfe, who had acted as assistant editor of The Pall Mall Gazette 
 from its beginning till 1871, when, the post of assistant editor of 
 The Saturday being vacant, Mr. Fyfe was asked to fill it. The 
 Athenaeum, in its obituary notice on the 15th of May, 1880, says that 
 he had been obliged to relinquish this about two years previously 
 on account of an acute attack of illness which disabled him from 
 using his pen : " Many of the articles which attracted the readers of 
 The Saturday Review were written by Mr. Fyfe ; and he had the 
 knack of treating contemporary topics with great freshness, vigour, 
 and geniality." 
 
 On the 29th of October, 1887, The Athenmum recovdis the death 
 of Mr. Beresford Hope, the founder of The Saturday, stating that 
 he deserves mention 
 
 " not only for his love of art and as proprietor of The Saturday Review, 
 but also for the two novels he wrote quite late in life, and the succcess 
 of which was a source of much gratification to him. The first of them, 
 ' Strictly Tied Up,' originally appeared anonymously, and was only 
 acknowledged by him when it proved popular. Another work of his 
 later years was his volume on ' Worship and Order,' published in 1883. 
 He was an excellent classical scholar, and was well versed in modern 
 languages. Having been early in life an enthusiast for ' restoration,' 
 he was naturally hostile to the anti-scrape movement, which he not 
 very happily denounced as a ' Gospel of Death.' He presided over the 
 Institute of British Architects for a couple of years." 
 
 Of other contributors I may mention Mark Pattison (1813-84), 
 a long obituary notice of whom appeared in The Athenaeum, Aug. 
 2nd, 1884 ; his wife (Emilia Francis Strong), afterwards Lady DUke 
 (see the obituary notice in The Athenaeum, Oct. 29th, 1904, and the 
 memoir by Sir Charles W. Dilke which is included in ' The Book of 
 the Spiritual Life,' published by John Murray) ; and Mr. Joseph 
 
 o2 
 
 George Stovin 
 Venables. 
 
 Col. F. 
 Cunningham. 
 
 James 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Fyfe. 
 
 Death of 
 
 Beresford 
 
 Hope. 
 
 Mark 
 Pattison. 
 
212 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Joseph 
 Knight. 
 
 Knight, beloved of all readers of ' N. & Q.' In the number for 
 November 18th, 1905, appeared an article from the pen of 
 the last named, entitled ' London, Bohemian, Convivial, and 
 Gastronomic.' 
 
 In closing these short reminiscences I most cordially wish Mr. 
 Harold Hodge a brilliant future for the far-famed Saturday Review. 
 
 1906, Mar. 10. 
 
 Charles 
 
 Bradlaugh 
 
 on the death 
 
 of Orsini. 
 
 ' Tyranni- 
 cide.' 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Holyoake 
 
 Marsh. 
 
 Holyoake's 
 charm of 
 manner. 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 Welford. 
 
 GEOEGE JACOB HOLYOAKE. 
 
 Well can I remember going with my father to hear Iconoclast 
 (Charles Bradlaugh) give an address on the occasion of the death 
 of Orsini, in which he fiercely attacked the French Emperor. There 
 was much disorder when Bradlaugh complained that there were 
 detectives present. The ' Dictionary of National Biography ' 
 mentions that he was secretary to the fund started to defend 
 Mr. E. Truelove for publishing a defence of Orsini's attempt to 
 assassinate Napoleon III. Among those who pubHcly subscribed 
 were Harriet Martineau, John Stuart MjU, and Prof. F. W. Newman. 
 I have this pamphlet, entitled ' T3rrannicide,' with a collection 
 of others on the same subject. These I showed to Holyoake 
 one Sunday when he came to visit me at my house at Streatham. 
 He was greatly interested, and told me that the pamphlet ' Tyran- 
 nicide ' had been offered to him, giving me his reasons for not 
 publishing it. He, however, published a translation of Pyat's 
 ' Letter to the Parliament and the Press.' 
 
 Bradlaugh lectured as Iconoclast to shield himself in his 
 weekday employment, and he made use of the name until his first 
 contest at Northampton in 1868. 
 
 Mrs. Holyoake Marsh tells me that her father's pseudonym 
 on The Leader newspaper (about 1850) was " Ion " : " My father 
 never lectured under the name of ' Ion.' Bradlaugh was Icono- 
 clast." 
 
 I should like to say one word as to Holyoake's great charm 
 of manner. He was a perfect gentleman, as all will testify who 
 enjoyed his friendship. 
 
 [This was in reply to Mr. Harry Hems, who thought that Holy- 
 oake had taken the name of " Iconoclast."] 
 
 Mr. Richard Welford on the 14th of April following stated that 
 the whole of the circumstances relating to the prosecution for the 
 publication of ' Tryannicide ' appear on pp. 352-61 of ' Memoirs 
 of a Social Atom,' published by Hutchinson & Co. in 1903. The 
 author of these ' Memoirs ' was the writer of the famous pamphlet 
 — my old friend Mr. W. E. Adams, for many years editor of The 
 Newcastle Chronicle, and an occasional contributor to ' N. & Q.' 
 
ijJOl^ES fiY TftE WAt. 
 
 213 
 
 ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING CENTENARY. 
 (March 6th, 1906.) 
 
 The Bro^vning celebration should not pass without a note 
 in ' N. & Q.,' for in its pages frequent references have been made 
 to the poetess, and the difficulty in definitely fixing the date and 
 place of her birth, which some writers on the centenary seem to 
 imagine has only recently been settled, was solved in ' N. & Q.' 
 on the 20th of July, 1889 (7 S. viii. 41). The subject formed the 
 first article in the number, the following extract being given from 
 the register of KeUoe parish church, co. Durham : — 
 
 " Elizabeth Barrett Mouldron Barrett, first child of Edward 
 Barrett Mouldron Barrett, Esq., of Coxhoe Hall, a native of St. Thomas's, 
 Jamaica, by his wife, Mary, late Clarke of Newcastle, born March 6th, 
 1806, and admitted [into the Church] Feb. 10, 1808." 
 
 On the 24th of February, 1866, an editorial note states (3 S. ix. 
 155) that Mrs. Browning " commenced her literary career, while 
 still in her teens, by several contributions to the leading periodicals 
 of the day. Her earliest separate works were, ' An Essay on Mind,' 
 12mo, 1826, and a translation of the ' Prometheus ' of ^schylus, 
 12mo, 1833." The Editor refers " for a graphic notice of Mrs. 
 Browning " to Miss Mitford's ' Recollections of a Literary Life.' 
 
 On the Princess Victoria's accession to the throne Mrs. Browning 
 contributed two poems to The Athenceum. The first, entitled 
 ' The Young Queen,' appeared on the 1st of July, 1837 ; the second, 
 ' Victoria's Tears,' the following week. On the death of Words- 
 worth in 1850 The Athenceum suggested that the Laureateship 
 should be conferred on her ; and on the 30th of November of the 
 same year a long review of her poems, in quoting " the words of 
 Rosalind's scroU " from ' The Poet's Vow,' states that " the intensity 
 of love was never expressed in a sublimer picture than these last 
 lines present " : — 
 
 I charge thee, by the living's prayer. 
 
 And the dead's silentness, 
 
 To wring from out thy soul a cry 
 
 Which God shall hear and bless ! 
 
 Lest Heaven's own palm droop in my hand 
 
 And pale among the saints I stand, 
 
 A saint companiordess. 
 
 The death of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, wife of George Maclean, 
 the Governor, took place at Cape Coast Castle on the 15t]i of October, 
 1838. She had predicted that in England she would not find her 
 last resting-place : — 
 
 Mine shall be a lonelier ending. 
 
 Mine shall be a wUder grave. 
 Where the shout and shriek are blending. 
 
 Where the tempest meets the wave. 
 
 1906, Mar. 17. 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 Barrett 
 
 Browning. 
 
 Her poems in 
 
 Tlie 
 
 Athenceum. 
 
 ' The Poet's 
 Vow.' 
 
 1906, Mar. 24. 
 
 ' L. E. L.'s 
 
 Last 
 Question.' 
 
214 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of 
 
 John 
 Kenyon. 
 
 Mrs. 
 Browning's 
 dog Flush. 
 
 ' Westward 
 
 Ho I ' and 
 
 ' Aurora 
 
 Leigh.' 
 
 On the 5th of January, 1839, The Athenaeum contained an 
 obituary notice of her. This was followed three weeks later by 
 Mrs. Browning's ' L. E. L.'s last Question,' * 
 
 Do you think of me, as I think of you ? 
 
 In 1856, on the death of her cousin John Kenyon, Mrs. Browning 
 came into a legacy of 10,000L 
 
 On the 24th of March, 1866 (' N. & Q.,' 3 S. ix. 248), NoeU 
 RadeclifEe states that Mrs. Browning's first poem was " ' The Battle 
 of Marathon,' in the metre of Pope's Homer," seventy-two pages, 
 and divided into four books. The title-page says that it was 
 " printed for W. Lindsell, Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, 1820." 
 
 Mr. T. Westwood on the 11th of January, 1873 (4 S. xi. 29), 
 has an interesting note in reference to Mrs. Browning's dog Flush, 
 and quotes some letters he had received from her during 1845 
 in reference to this " dog famous in song." The dog was the gift 
 of " her dear and admired friend Miss Mitford." " Flush," Mrs. 
 Browning writes : — 
 
 " loves me to the height and depth of the capacity of his own nature ; 
 if I did not love him, I could love nothing. Besides, Flush has a soul 
 to love. Do you not believe that dogs have souls ? I am thinking of 
 writing a treatise on the subject, after the manner of Plato's famous 
 one." 
 
 The letter concludes thus : — 
 
 " I live in London, to be sure, and except for the glory of it, I 
 might live in a desert, so profound is my soUtude, and so complete my 
 isolation from things and persons without. I lie all day, and day after 
 day, on this sofa .... Domestic tenderness can and ought to leave 
 nobody lamenting. Also God's wisdom, deeply steeped in His Love, 
 IS .... as far as we can stretch out our hands. 
 
 On the 8th of March following a note appears from Mr. West- 
 wood (4 S. xi. 191) on the " Shadow " in the poem ' Romaunt of 
 Margret,' first published in 1836 in The New Monthly Magazine. 
 
 On the 11th of December, 1875, over the signature of Annie 
 Proctor, a curious coincidence is noted (5 S. iv. 465) : — 
 
 " In Kingsley's ' Westward Ho ! ' and in Mrs. Browning's ' Aurora 
 Leigh ' the hero of each tale is ' sacrificed on Hymen's altar,' in con- 
 sequence of both of them losing their eyesight, at the latter end of the 
 book, in fearful though diverse accidents ; both of the heroes rejoice 
 in the name of Leigh." 
 
 * L. E. L.'s poem ' Night at Sea ' : — 
 
 'Tis night, and overhead the sky is gleaming, 
 
 Thro' the slight vapour trembles each dim star ; 
 I turn away — my heart is sadly dreaming 
 Of scenes they do not light, of scenes afar. 
 My friends, my absent friends ! 
 Do you think of me, as I think of you ? 
 ' Life and Literary Remains of L. E. L.,' by Laman Blanchard, vol. i. 
 
 p. 191. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 215 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1895, Dr. R. M. Spence makes interesting 
 reference (8 S. vii. 425) to parallel passages in the works of " the 
 superhuman poet pair," pointing out that in ' Aurora Leigh ' 
 Mrs. Browning shows indebtedness to her husband's ' Paracelsus ' 
 (' Aurora Leigh,' book vi. ; ' Paracelsus,' part v.). 
 
 The French have in recent years shown remarkable interest 
 in the Ufe and work of Mrs. Browning. On the 8th of August, 
 1903, The Athenceum reviewed M. Leon Morel's translation into 
 French of the ' Sonnets from the Portuguese ' — " a close and 
 careful translation." In this book the English text is given opposite 
 the French, and there is a preface in which " the story of the Brown- 
 ings is told simply and sympathetically." The Athenceum did not 
 up to this " recall any serious study of Mrs. Browning's work 
 in France except the essay of M. Gabriel Sarrazin, published in 
 1885, in his ' Poetes Modernes de I'Angleterre,' and Madame Mary 
 Duclaux's chapter in her recent ' Grands Ecrivains d'Outre-Manche.' 
 Another French translation of the Sonnets is reviewed in The Athe- 
 nceum on the 15th of April, 1905. This was by M. Fernand Henry. 
 In the review reference is made to the elaborate biography of Mrs. 
 Browning by MUe. Merlette, and to the successive translations 
 by MM. " A. B." and Charles des Guerrois. 
 
 MUe. Germaine Marie Merlette did not live long after writing 
 what The Athenceum pronounced would " long continue to be by far 
 the fullest and most adequate biography " of Mrs. Browning. 
 MUe. Merlette died on the 5th of October; 1905 ; and a short 
 obituary notice in The Athenceum, of the 21st of the same month 
 states that her " enthusiasm for her subject took her to England 
 and Italy in search of material." This was supplied to her by Mr. 
 Barrett Browning and other friends. The biography gained for 
 her the distuaotion of the Doctorate of the University of Paris, 
 to which it was presented as a thesis. Much more, says The Athe- 
 nceum, " might have been expected from the industry and talent 
 so painfuUy ecUpsed by a sudden death." 
 
 The closing years of Mrs. Browning's life were fuU of excite- 
 ment on account of the fight for ItaUan freedom, and when Florence 
 was mourning over the treaty of ViUafranca, Elizabeth Barrett 
 Browning sent her poem commencing 
 
 My Uttle son, my Florentine, 
 to The Athenceum. This appeared on the 24th of September, 
 1859. With it she wrote :— 
 
 " The good and true politics of this poem you, being English, will 
 dissent from altogether ; say so, if you please, but let me in. Strike, 
 but hear me." 
 To this chaUenge the editor rephed : — 
 
 " We need not say how much we respect the poetess — for we 
 insert her tale — nor, though we give it oirculation, how far we dissent 
 from her present reading of the Sphinx." 
 
 ' Paracelsas.' 
 
 'Sonnets from 
 
 the 
 Portnguese ' 
 in French. 
 
 Mile. 
 Merlette's 
 biography. 
 
 Her death. 
 
 Treaty of 
 ViUafranca. 
 
216 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of Mrs. 
 Browning. 
 
 Chorley's 
 grief. 
 
 Her 
 funeral. 
 
 Sorrow in 
 Florence. 
 
 Inscription 
 
 over Casa 
 
 Guidi. 
 
 Mrs. Browning all her life suffered from weak health, yet 
 her death on the 29th of June, 1861, came as a shock to her friends 
 I well remember the telegram being received at The Athenceum,. 
 and the sorrow it caused. At the request of Hepworth Dixon I 
 at once went off to Chorley, and broke the news to him, asking him 
 to write the obituary notice for us. It appeared on the 6th of July, 
 and records how in early Ufe she had been for years " the inmate 
 of a darkened room — doomed, as was thought, to slow death " ; 
 how faithful she was to her friends, and " the most loving of human 
 beings to aU her kinsfolk " : — 
 
 " Those whom she loved, and whom she has left, will remember her 
 (so long as life lasts) by her womardy grace and tenderness, yet more 
 than by her extraordinary and courageous genius." 
 
 Elizabeth Barrett Browning rests in the cemetery at Florence. 
 She was buried as the sun was sinking behind the western hiUs, and 
 " the distant mountains hid their faces in. a misty veil, and the tall 
 cypress trees swayed and sighed as Nature's special mourners for her 
 favoured chUd." 
 
 Florence sorrowed as for one of her own children. As the 
 mourners took their last fond look they saw a double grave, and 
 uttered the prayer, " May it wait long for him ! " A battaUon of 
 the National Guard was to have followed the remains to the grave, 
 but a misunderstanding as to time frustrated this testimony of 
 respect. 
 
 The Florentine authorities requested that the poet's young 
 son, Tuscan born, should be educated as an Itahan, when any career 
 in the new Italy should be open to him ; and over the door of Casa 
 Guidi the municipality of Florence have placed this inscription 
 (6 S. vi. 406), in gold incised capitals on a white marble tablet : — 
 
 Qui sorisse e mori 
 
 Elisabetta Barrett Browning 
 
 che in cuore di dorma conciUava 
 
 scienza di dotto e spirito di poeta 
 
 e fece del sue verso aureo anello 
 
 fra Italia e Inghilterra 
 
 Pone questa memoria 
 
 Firenze grata 
 
 1861. 
 
 1006, Sept. 1. 
 
 The Post 
 
 Office, 
 1856-1906. 
 
 London 
 
 divided into 
 
 districts. 
 
 THE POST OFFICE, 1856-1906. 
 
 The year 1906 was the jubilee of the division of London into 
 postal districts. It was in December, 1856, that Rowland Hill 
 announced his intention to divide London and its environs into 
 ten districts, " each to be treated, in many respects, as a separate 
 town." Notice of this was deUvered at every house in London, 
 the circular containing instructions as to the initials to be used, 
 and stating that " if the initial letters be thus regularly appended, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 217 
 
 the Department will be able to assort, with facility and correctness, 
 the country letters, according to their respective districts, before 
 they reach London in the morning." Each resident was also 
 requested to add the initials of his district to his address inside his 
 letters, and, if in business, to insert them in his invoices or advertise- 
 ments. 
 
 ' N. & Q.' from almost its commencement has had many notes 
 and queries about the Post Office. A correspondent on the 4th of 
 January, 1851, quotes Miss Martineau's story of the origin of the 
 Penny Post from her ' History of England during the Thirty Years' 
 Peace,' vol. ii. p. 425. In the following week, over the well-known 
 initials C. W. D., appears a reply ; and on the 5th of April, after 
 a long article on ' Edmund Prideaux and the First Post Office,' 
 the following extract is given from Rowland Hill's ' Post Office 
 Reform ' : — 
 
 " Coleridge teUs a story which shows how much the Post Office 
 is open to fraud, in consequence of the option as to prepayment which 
 now exists. The story is as follows : — 
 
 " ' One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was 
 passing by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier 
 was demanding a shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house 
 appeared unwilling to pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the 
 postage, and when the man was out of sight, she told me that the letter 
 was from her son, who took that means of letting her know that he was 
 well ; the letter was not to be 'paid for. It was then opened and found 
 to be blank ! ' 
 
 " This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is exten- 
 sively practised." 
 
 On the 15th of October, 1870, the Editor makes a note of the 
 introduction of " postal cards." 
 
 On the 30th of May, 1874, thirty-four curious postal addresses 
 of 1714 are given by Mr. Charles Jackson. Two of them were : — 
 
 " This, for Mr. Baradale, ye Merser, att ye seven stars and naked 
 Boy on Ludgate HUl, London." 
 
 " This, for Mr. Clanoey, in Catherin street, next dor to ye sine of 
 ye Cherry Tree, in Common [sic\ Garden." 
 
 Among other interesting notes is one on ' The Posts in 1677,' 
 contributed by Mr. J. A. J. Housden on the 12th of February, 1898. 
 
 In taking a glance back at the history of Penny Postage, " the 
 child of HiU affection," it is curious to remember Croker's article 
 in The Qtiarterly for October, 1839, on the second reading of the 
 Postage BUI on the 22nd of the previous July. It 
 
 " seems to us one of the most inconsiderate jumps in the dark ever made 
 by that very inconsiderate assembly .... On the whole, we feel that 
 so far from the exclusive benefits to ' order, morals, and religion ' which 
 Mr. Hill and the Committee put forward, there is at least as great a 
 chance of the contrary mischief, and that the proposed Penny Post 
 
 Harriet 
 Martiiieau. 
 
 Coleridp-e. 
 
 Post cards 
 introduced. 
 
 Curious 
 addresses. 
 
 ■ The Posts in 
 1677.' 
 
 Croker's 
 article in 
 
 The 
 Qtcarterly. 
 
 Rowland Hill. 
 
218 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 might perhaps be more justly characterized as ' Sedition made easy.' .... 
 Prepayment by means of a stamp or stamped cover is universally 
 admitted to be quite the reverse of convenient, foreign to the habits 
 of the people, and likely, however slight the payment may be, to excite 
 some dissatisfaction in the poorer classes, and occasion difficulties to all." 
 
 It will be remembered that, preparatory to the adoption of the 
 penny rate, a maximum inland rate of 4d. was begun on the 5th of 
 December, 1839. This led to a great increase in the number of 
 letters : 33 per cent, in England and Wales, 51 in Scotland, and 
 52 in Ireland. After the plan had been in operation a week it was 
 decided to abolish the privilege of franking ; and on the 10th of 
 January, 1840, Penny Postage was estabUshed. On the evening 
 of that day at St. Martin's-le-Grand crowds pressed, scuffled, and 
 fought to get first to the window to pay for their letters. Formerly, 
 Henry Cole, relates Sir Henry Cole, " one window sufficed. On this evening six 
 windows, with two receivers at each, were bombarded by applicants." 
 At last eight openings were made. " To the credit of the Post 
 Office, not a single person lost the post, and we learnt that on this 
 evening upwards of 3,000 letters had been posted in St. Martin's- 
 le-Grand between five and six." The mob, dehghted at the energy 
 displayed by the officers, gave one cheer for the Post Office, and 
 another for Rowland Hill. At the close of the day Hill had the 
 satisfaction of knowing that 112,000 letters had been dispatched 
 from that office, of which all but 13,000 had been prepaid. 
 
 Previous to the introduction of stamps Hill proposed the 
 issue of penny stamped covers for letters ; they were to be of 
 special paper, with lines of thread or silk stretched tlu^ough its 
 substance as a preventive of forgery. Upon this Mr. DiLke re- 
 quested Mr. Dickinson, the inventor, to manufacture so much 
 of this threaded paper as would be sufficient for an entire issue of 
 The Athenaeum, and the number for April 28th, 1838, appeared 
 with these blue threads inserted in the substance of the paper. A 
 copy is now before me, and the lines still remain perfectly distinct. 
 
 In May, 1840, the first issue of postage stamps took place. 
 In ' N. & Q.' of the 13th of December, 1884, Mr. Algernon Graves 
 states that the commission to engrave the first postage stamp was 
 originally given to Charles Heath ; but, as he feared his eyesight 
 was not good enough for such fine work, he handed it over to his son 
 Frederick. Mr. Graves was told that the price agreed upon was 
 601. 
 
 The jubilee of the first issue of postage stamps was celebrated 
 on the 19th of May, 1890, by a Philatehc Exhibition, which was 
 opened in the Portman Rooms by the late Duke of Edinburgh. 
 The exhibits included the famous book of curious addi-esses, which 
 is one of the objects of interest to privileged visitors to the Post 
 
 Dilke issues 
 
 The 
 
 Athenceiivi 
 
 on threaded 
 
 paper. 
 
 Algernon 
 
 Graves and 
 
 the first 
 
 postage 
 
 stamp. 
 
 Philatelic 
 Exhibition. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 219 
 
 Office ; the pen-and-ink sketch for the penny stamp by Wyon ; 
 and the first perforating machine, for which the inventor, Archer, 
 was awarded 4,000Z. 
 
 Through the courtesy of Messrs. Ejrre & Spottiswoode I am in 1906, Sept. 8. 
 possession of the Third Report of the Postmaster-General, issued Third Post 
 in 1857. It is a handsome folio of 64 pages, and is out of print ; office Report, 
 but my copy is as clean and fresh as if just issued from the press. 
 The statistics date from the 31st of December, 1839. The total 
 number of letters for that year was 82,470,596, including 6,563,024 
 franks. This enormous number of franks will show how the 
 privilege was abused. Members of Parliament could receive an un- 
 limited number of letters free of postage, of any weight — even a 
 pianoforte, a saddle, or a haunch of venison — and they might 
 send out fourteen a day. With the new Act franking was aboUshed. 
 The Queen cheerfully volunteered to resign the privilege, and pay 
 postage like her subjects. For the year 1840, the first of Penny 
 Postage, the total was 168,768,344, being an increase of 122-|^ per 
 cent. In 1841 the total reached 196,500,191, being another increase 
 of 16^ per cent., after which the increase was more gradual. The 
 Exhibition of 1851 did not bring such an increase as one would 
 have expected, it being only 4 per cent, on the previous year. 
 For the year 1856 the total reached 478,393,803. ,: 
 
 The money orders issued during 1839 in the United Kingdom Money 
 were 188,921, the amount being 313,124L ; whUe in 1856 the total orders, 
 number was 6,178,982, and the amount 11,805,562?. It is curious 
 to note that as regards Ireland during the famine years 1846-7 
 there was an incresise on the previous years. In 1845 the number 
 issued was 232,525, for a total of 391,692?. ; in 1846, 258,144, of 
 the value of 435,330?. ; and in 1847, 299,521, the value being 
 519,877?. 
 
 There was also a considerable increase in the money orders 
 paid in Ireland during 1846-8. In 1846 the amount was 483,339?., 
 being an increjise of nearly 100,000?. on the previous year. In 
 1847 this reached 611,320?., while in 1848 the large amount of 
 806,770?. was paid. In the following year there was a drop of 
 160,000?. A good Irish money- order story is related by Charles 
 Dickens in Household Words. Early in 1852 he visited the Alders- 
 gate Street office, and Mr. Frederic Hill, who acted as his guide, Frederic Hill, 
 told him how an Irishman, who left his hod at the door, apphed 
 for an order for five pounds on a Tipperary post office, for which he 
 tendered (probably congratulating himself on having hit on such 
 a grand investment) sixpence ! It required a lengthened argu- 
 ment to prove to him that he would have to pay the five pounds 
 into the office before his friend could receive that amount in Tip- 
 perary. 
 
 The Report gives the profit or loss during the preceding ten 
 years. There were only two years in which there was a loss. In 
 
220 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Fifty- Second 
 Eeport. 
 
 Increase in 
 
 post cards 
 
 and parcel 
 
 post. 
 
 Carelessness 
 of the 
 public. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 postage : 
 
 Napoleon 
 
 III. 
 
 Imperial 
 Penny 
 
 Postage. 
 
 1847 this amounted to 10,600?., which in 1848 was reduced to 
 5,745Z. In 1849 there was a profit of 322Z. ; in 1850, of 3,236Z. ; 
 while in 1856 the profit amounted to 22,674L The Report contains 
 an appeal to the Metropohtan Board of Works to improve the 
 nomenclature of London. 
 
 The Fifty-Second Report of the Postmaster-General shows the 
 net revenue for the year ending the 31st of March, 1906, from the 
 postal and telegraph services combined, to be 4,514,207Z. If the 
 interest on the capital expended on the purchase of the telegraphs 
 be taken into account, the net profit was 4,235,724^, or 604,944?. 
 more than in the previous year. The total number of letters 
 delivered amounted to 2,707,200,000, showing, on a population of 
 43,321,928, an average to each person of 62. The newspapers 
 delivered amounted to 185,400,000, being an average of 4"3 to each 
 person ; and the number of express deUveries was 1,578,746. The 
 number of telegrams was 89,478,000 ; this, although showing an 
 increase on the previous year, is not so high as it was in 1900-1 
 or 1902-3, when there was a considerable increase. This diminu- 
 tion is no doubt due to the use of the telephone. 
 
 The number of post cards has increased from 336,500,000, which 
 gave an average of 8'5 to each person in 1896-7, to 800,300,000 in 
 1905-6, giving an average of 18'5 to each. The parcel post has 
 increased from 63,715,000 in 1896-7 to 101,682,000 in 1905-6; 
 this, after paying 55 per cent on railway-borne parcels to the 
 companies, amounting to 996,449?., yields as the Post Office share 
 1,142,224?. 
 
 The carelessness of the public with regard to letters with 
 valuable contents is surprising. The number of letters with 
 valuable contents with no address at all amounted to 4,599 ; one 
 of these contained cheques to the value of 2,500?., while the others 
 totalled in cash and bank-notes 9,966?. In addition to these there 
 were 320,041 registered letters insufficiently addressed ; these 
 contained 16,887?. in cash and bank-notes, and 656,845?. in bills, 
 cheques, money orders, and stamps. 
 
 As regards foreign postage, the 2^d. rate to France was 
 introduced on the 1st of January, 1876. The previous rates were 
 3d. for a third of an ounce, and 3c?. for each additional third. It 
 should not be forgotten that to Napoleon III. was due the 
 reduction of the postage between England and France from 8d. 
 to 4d. This was done by the postal treaty of the 1st of January, 
 1855. France was the first country to make the change, the 
 others retaining their old charges of 8c?. and more. 
 
 The Report contains good information as to the development 
 of Imperial Penny Postage, which now extends, so far as outward 
 letters are concerned, to the whole of the Empire (with the excep- 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 221 
 
 tion of one or two small islands), and also to Egypt and the Soudan. 
 It is strange that it should have taken so many years to bring about 
 this result. 
 
 From a communication printed in ' N. & Q.' on the 23rd of 
 November, 1907, from Mr. Edward Peacock, it appears that the 
 desire for an Ocean Penny Post originated about 1847 or 1848. 
 Mr. Peacock states that a friend of his " who was finishing his 
 education at Putney College for CivU Engineers, when he came 
 home for his summer vacation, brought with him some envelopes 
 with a ' floreated border around the place for the Queen's head,' 
 enclosing the inscription, ' England, the world expects from thee 
 an ocean penny postage.' I had for several years one of these 
 which he gave me, but it is gone now. If it were in existence, it 
 would not be without interest." 
 
 On the 15th of September, 1849, The Athenmum devoted 
 an article to the subject, and inserted a letter from Thomas Beazley, 
 the President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, to Elihu 
 Burritt, in which he states that to establish an Ocean Penny Ocean Penny 
 Postage " is practicable, and would be exceedingly beneficial ^^^' 
 
 to the people of every country." The Athenoeum considered that, 
 with the stamp of the members of the Manchester Chamber of 
 Commerce upon it, 
 
 " the scheme of Ocean Penny Postage may be removed from the 
 category of empirical agitations, and regarded as one of those ideas 
 which require time only to perfect them. Peace and free postage 
 are the pet ' impossibilities ' of the hour. Steam and Ughtning con- 
 ductors have had their days of denial — and of victory." 
 
 In the early fight for Penny Postage HiU had many kind helpers, 
 whose aid was " gladly accepted by him." One of the foremost 
 among these was Henry Cole. On the 9th of May, 1837, Lord 
 Duncannon, in the House of Lords, informed Lord Brougham, who 
 presented a petition from the City in favour of Penny Postage, 
 " that the Government did not intend to try the experiment of 
 Mr. Hill's plan, but had determined to issue penny stamp covers 
 for short distances, and to reduce the fourpenny post to twopence." 
 It was evident that this important experiment would be fatal to 
 HiU's scheme, and that it was necessary to lead the public to support 
 Penny Postage. Mr. George Moffatt, a large tea merchant in the 
 City, who had made his fortune by selling tea to all retailers and 
 dealers at the uniform price of the market daily, adding one half- 
 penny a pound to such price as his profit, formed a mercantile 
 committee, to which Cole became secretary and W. H. Ashurst 
 acted gratuitously as solicitor. Of the good work of this com- 
 mittee full particulars are given in Sir Hemy Cole's ' Fifty Years of 
 Public Life ' (BeU & Sons). It contains many curious illustrations 
 including Mulready's design. 
 
 George 
 Moffatt. 
 
222 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAl, 
 
 Eowland Hill. 
 
 Matthew 
 
 Davenport 
 
 Hill. 
 
 Edwin Hill. 
 
 Arthur and 
 Frederic Hill. 
 
 Rowland Hill 
 
 lives to see 
 
 his work 
 
 accomplished 
 
 In addition to the outside help I have abeady mentioned, 
 which was highly appreciated by Rowland Hill, as shown in the 
 memoir of him by his nephew, he was cordially supported by all the 
 members of his family, who were proud of Rowland and his scheme. 
 There was no jealously ; each worked in harmony. The brothers 
 looked at aU times to each other for counsel ; it was a perfect home, 
 with the good old father as its head. Truly have his words been 
 verified, " The union of my children has proved their strength." 
 All the brothers rendered good public service, and were so inti- 
 mately associated that their lives throw much light on that of 
 Rowland. The eldest, Matthew Davenport Hill (1792-1872), 
 was the first man from Birmingham who went to the Bar, and 
 on the erection of his native town into a municipal corporation, 
 he was appointed Recorder. Edwin (1793-1876), the second 
 son, was, on the introduction of Penny Postage, appointed super- 
 visor of stamps at Somerset House and until his retirement in 
 1872 had under his control their manufacture. By his inventive 
 mechanical skiU he greatly improved the machinery. My father 
 frequently had occasion to see him, and always found him ready 
 to consider any suggestion. Especially was this the case when my 
 father obtained permission for a stamp to be made with the sender's 
 name round the rim. This was designed for him by Edwin HiU. 
 His niece Constance relates how he invented " wind-proof doors " 
 for the sake of a rheumatic porter at the WeUington Street entrance ; 
 and his ingenuity in invention made his bedroom at Somerset 
 House a perfect museum of curiosities. "If at night the blankets 
 pressed upon him too heavily, he could, as he lay, puU a string 
 with a sort of claw at the end, which grasped the bed-clothes and 
 relieved him of their weight " (' Frederic HUl, an Autobiography,' 
 p. 325). 
 
 Rowland was the third son, and was born in 1795. Arthur, 
 the fourth son (1798-1885), became head master of Bruce Castle 
 School. Frederic, the youngest son (1803-96), was the first 
 Inspector of Prisons appointed under the Act of 1835, and brought 
 about great reforms ; but his brother wanting help at the Post 
 Office, Frederic was appointed in 1851 assistant secretary, and 
 was able to effect many economies. He drew up a plan for life 
 insurance, encouraged in every direction the employment of female 
 labour, and his brother Rowland testifies in his autobiography to 
 Frederic's great zeal. These brief notes just give a glance at " the 
 league of brothers." Never did a family so unite in working for 
 the common good. 
 
 It is matter for congratulation that Rowland Hill had the 
 advantage over many other pioneers of seeing his great work 
 accompUshed. He hved until the 27th of August, 1879, and was 
 buried in Westminster Abbey, leaving the record for all time that 
 he was one of the greatest benefactors of the nineteenth century. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 223 
 
 Mrs. Smyth has made in 1907 a valuable addition to the 
 history of postal reform by writing a new memoir of her father, 
 Sir Rowland Hill, and the volume of three hundred pages forms 
 a succinct account of the entire movement. There are eighteen 
 illustrations, including four portraits of Rowland Hill, a view of 
 Bruce Castle, the Mukeady envelope, and a charming portrait of 
 Lady HiU. She was a devoted wife and a true helpmate, and Lady Hill 
 Mrs. Sm3rth states : — 
 
 " During the long postal-reform agitation, her buoyant hopeful- 
 ness and abiding faith in her husband's plan never faUed to cheer 
 and encourage him to persevere. Years after, when their children 
 were old enough to understand their position, their father would tell 
 them how much he owed to her, and bade them never to forget the debt." 
 
 She died on the 27th of May, 1881, at the age of eighty-four. 
 
 In ' N. & Q.' for the 22nd of September, 1906, Mr. John T. 
 Page, referring to her grave in Highgate Cemetery, states that it 
 is on the left-hand side of the centre path, near the Catacombs, 
 No. 17,725, and is marked by a plain Latin cross of white marble, 
 containing on its base an inscription to Lady HiU. On the white 
 marble wall in front of the grave, close beside the path, is the 
 following inscription : — 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 Sir Rowland Hill, K.C.B., D.C.L., P.R.S., 
 
 Born at Kidderminster, 3rd December, 1795, 
 
 Died at Hampstead 27th August, 1879, 
 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 To his creative mind and untiring energy the world owes 
 
 THE rnsriFOEM penny postage system, 
 
 Established 1840. 
 
 While the originator of the Penny Post is buried in the temple 
 of silence and reconciliation, just in a straight line across the river 
 may be seen the tower of Christchurch, Westminster Bridge 
 Road, under which rest the remains of another Rowland HiU, the Rowland Hill 
 great preacher, who was at first buried under the pulpit of Surrey of Surrey 
 Chapel, but when that building was sold, the body was removed 
 to its present resting-place. The tower is known as the Lincoln 
 Tower, after President Lincoln, and was built with money raised 
 by Americans in gratitude to Newman Hall (who succeeded the 
 Rev. James Sherman as pastor of the church) for his persistent 
 advocacy of the cause of the North during the war with the Southern 
 States. 
 
 Chapel. 
 
 Newman 
 Hall. 
 
 The Report of the Postmaster-General dated the 8th of 
 September, 1908, contains the welcome announcement that " upon 
 the 1st of October next the rate for letters for the United States 
 of America wUl be reduced to Id. per ounce." The former charge 
 would have been 5d. In October, 1907, a great boon had also 
 
 Penny 
 
 postage to 
 
 United 
 
 States. 
 
224 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Changes in 
 
 foreign and 
 
 Colonial 
 
 postage. 
 
 Letters with- 
 out addresses. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 been conferred on those having correspondents abroad or in the 
 Colonies, the unit of weight being raised from half an ounce to one 
 ounce, while the postage on foreign letters for each unit after the 
 first was reduced from 2^d. to Hd. For example, a letter weighing 
 two ounces addressed to a foreign country can now be sent for 4d., 
 instead of lOd. ; and a letter of the same weight to a British colony 
 can be sent for 2d., instead of 4:d. It is to be hoped that before 
 long foreign countries will see the advantage of a cheap rate of 
 postage, and that they wiU follow the example of our brothers 
 in America and complete the system of an ocean penny post. 
 
 The increase in the business of the Post Office becomes more 
 remarkable year by year. This is shown in the report now issued 
 by Mr. Sydney Buxton. I quote a few statistics showing the pro- 
 gress during the past ten years. The letters delivered in the year 
 1907-8 amounted to 2,863,900,000, as against 2,186,800,000 in 
 1898-9. Newspapers were 199,800,000, as agamst 154,100,000; 
 post cards 858,300,000, against 382,200,000 ; parcels 109,470,600, 
 against 71,913,000 ; registered letters 19,123,050, against 15,240,669. 
 It is interesting to note the large increase of parcels to Egypt and 
 Japan. To the former during last year 55,710 were dispatched, 
 while only 20,890 were sent in 1898-9. Japan shows a stUl larger 
 increase — 19,620 as against 4,771 in 1898-9. If we take Australia 
 and New Zealand, in 1898-9 only 76,666 parcels were dispatched, 
 while last year the number was 166,165. Canada shows a stiU larger 
 increase — 261,593, against 59,276 in 1898-9 ; while parcels received 
 from Canada reached a total of 119,494, against 23,175. 
 
 The extraordinary carelessness of the public as to addressing 
 stiU continues, or rather goes from bad to worse. During the past 
 year 31,278,000 packets were sent unaddressed, or so imperfectly 
 addressed that they could neither be deUvered nor retiu-ned to sender, 
 being a miUion and a half more than the preceding year. Even 
 registered letters were undeliverable to the number of 393,298. 
 These actually contained £19,378 16s. 6d. in cash and bank notes, 
 and £636,680 17s. in biUs, cheques, &c. Besides these there were 
 packets posted without any address to the number of 442,957, 
 included in these being notes and cash to the value of £1,456 12s. M., 
 and cheques to the value of £27,016 18s. lid. 
 
 The net revenue for the Postal and Telegraph services combined 
 was £4,135,633. If the interest on the capital expended on the 
 purchase of the telegraphs (£10,867,644) be taken mto account, 
 the net profit was £3,863,942, or £287,344 less than last year. The 
 number of persons on the establishment on the 31st of March, 1908, 
 was 90,776, of whom 13,259 were women. In addition to these, 
 there were 112,821 fiUing unestablished situations, of whom 30,476 
 were women. From the mortahty table it is sad to see how high 
 is the death-rate from tuberculosis. Out of 392 males who died, 
 
retirement. 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 225 
 
 74 succumbed to this, and 54 to pneumonia. Of the 24 women 
 who died, 2 died from tuberculosis and 2 from pneumonia. 
 
 Mr. Sydney Buxton closes his report with the expression of 
 his " appreciation of the spirit of loyalty and devotion to duty 
 which animates all classes in the Post Office service." This reminds 
 me of Mr. Buxton Forman's speech on the occasion of his retirement 
 from the Post Office in 1907, after forty-seven years' service, when, Mr. Buxton 
 as a farewell gift from his colleagues, the great foho Chaucer Ulus- Forman's 
 trated by Sir Edward Burne- Jones, and printed at the Kelmscott "■*"•'""''"* 
 Press, was presented to him. Mr. Forman said : " There is only 
 one thing for us to look for and to strive after, and that is the effi- 
 ciency of the vast machine we are all a part of." He then referred 
 to " one association in the Post Office of the value of which I shall 
 carry a very high estimate .... they had no formal organization 
 
 their inspiration was derived from one thought, and that was 
 
 the efficiency of the service was the only thing to strive for. I 
 only remember one tenet that passed between the hps of those 
 men, and it was this : ' No man shall fight for his own hand ; but 
 all of us will do our best to promote the efficient working of the 
 service.' "* Mr. Buxton Forman's well-known devotion to litera- 
 ture requires no comment. Specially wiU he be for ever remembered 
 by all lovers of Keats and Shelley. 
 
 * St. MarUn'a le Grand, October, 1907. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 LONGFELLOW. 
 
 (February 27th, 1807— March 24th, 1882.) 
 
 1907, Mar. 16. THE centenary of Longfellow was celebrated on the 27th of 
 Longfellow. February by our brothers in America, and we in Great Britain 
 
 have joined hands with them across the seas in rendering tribute 
 
 to the most popular of modem EngUsh-speaking poets. Frequent 
 
 References in references have been made in the pages of ' N. & Q.' to the poet. 
 
 ' N. & Q.' These began as far back as the ninth volume, when a discussion 
 
 arose as to the origin of his name ; and on the 6th of May, 1854, 
 
 Mr. James T. Hammack states that 
 
 " through the kind assistance of the Registrar-General he is able to 
 give a few of the localities in which the name of Longfellow exists in 
 this country. It appears that there were sixty-one deaths recorded 
 of persons of this name in the years 1838-52 : of these, fifty occurred 
 in the West Riding, thirty-flve of these being in Leeds. In the metro- 
 polis there were but seven." 
 
 The name is found in the records of Yorkshire as far back as 1486, 
 under the various spellings of Langfellay, LangfeUowe, LangfeUow, 
 and Longfellow. The first of the name in America was William 
 Longfellow, baptized at Guiseley (the parish church of Horsforth), 
 Oct. 20th, 1650. He went over to Newbury, Massachusetts, about 
 1676. 
 
 The poet's father was the son of Stephen Longfellow, who 
 as Judge of the Common Pleas is remembered as a man of sterling 
 qualities and great integrity. His son inherited from him all that 
 is good, and well maintained the honour of the name. In 1804 he 
 married Zilpah, daughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who was 
 descended from John Alden and PrisciUa Mullens, of Mayflower 
 memory. 
 
 Longfellow was only thirteen when his first poem appeared. 
 This was entitled ' The Battle of LoveU's Pond.' It consisted of 
 four verses, and was published in The Portland Gazette on the 17th 
 of November, 1820. At the age of nineteen he came to Europe, 
 and during his three years of travel he gave himself up to the study 
 
 Yorkshire 
 Longfellows. 
 
 The poet's 
 father. 
 
 His first 
 poem. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 227 
 
 Dante his 
 
 frequent 
 
 study. 
 
 of modern languages, in order to qualify himself for teaching 
 
 them in Bowdoin College. One year he spent in Italy, and at the Visits Italy 
 
 end of it his proficiency in the language was such that at the hotel 
 
 where he lodged he was taken for an ItaUan, until he stated that 
 
 he was an American. At midnight, " when the crowd is gone," 
 
 he says in ' Outre-Mer,' " I retire to my chamber, and, poring 
 
 over the gloomy pages of Dante, or ' Bandello's laughing tale,' 
 
 protract my nightly vigil tiU the morning star is in the sky." From 
 
 that time Dante was his frequent study, but it was not until 1866 
 
 that he completed his translation, so careful and desirous was he 
 
 to make it as perfect as possible. In a letter to Mr. George W. 
 
 Greene on March 25th, 1864, he writes : — 
 
 " This is a lovely day, as you are well aware. Moreover, it is 
 Good Friday, as you are equally well aware ; and leaving aside the 
 deep meaning of the day, I will tell you something of which I suspect 
 you are not aware. Have you remembered or noticed that the day 
 and dates of 1864 correspond with those of the Dantesque 1300 ? — 
 so that in both years Good Friday falls on the 25th of March ? Five 
 hundred and sixty-four years ago to-day, Dante descended to the 
 citta dolente ; and to-day, with the first cantos of the ' Inferno ' in my 
 hand, I descended among the printer's devils .... Somethiag urges me 
 on and on with this work, and wUl not let me rest ; though I often 
 hear the warning voice from within,—' Me degno a oio ne io ne altri 
 crede.' " 
 
 Longfellow possessed a curious relic of Dante, namely, some 
 bits of Dante's coffin, which were discovered in 1865, and sent to 
 him by Mr. T. B. Lawrence, United States Consul-General in Italy. 
 These he kept in his Ubrary in a little box covered with glass, 
 and one day, when showing them to a visitor, he said, "Think of it! 
 Six hundred years ago the bit of wood in that box touched Dante's 
 bones." 
 
 While Dante is his longest effort, his work included transla- 
 tions from the French, Spanish, Portuguese, Latin, German, 
 Danish, and Anglo-Saxon ; and many of these shorter pieces are 
 unsurpassed. His versions of German are far ahead of other 
 attempts, and some might well pass as original. He was equally 
 happy as a translator of Italian ; and from a Lapland source he 
 got the memorable hnes : — 
 
 A boy's wiU is the wind's will. 
 
 And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts. 
 
 Indeed, he found perpetual inspiration in phrases from his varied 
 store of foreign knowledge. 
 
 Like Irving in his ' Sketoh-Book ' and Nathaniel Hawthorne 
 in ' Our Old Home,' Longfellow gave the world in ' Outre-Mer ' 
 a notable book of travel impressions. Stedman in ' Poets of 
 America ' says : " He stimulated our taste by choice presentation 
 of what is rare and choice abroad. With thoughts of this singer 
 
 p2 
 
 Possesses bits 
 
 of Dante's 
 
 coffin. 
 
 Longfellow's 
 
 numerous 
 
 translations. 
 
 ' Outre-Mer.' 
 
228 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 come thoughts of peace, of romance, of the house made beautiful 
 by loving hands." The work was first published in its complete 
 form by Messrs, Harper & Brothers in 1835, and Longfellow, 
 on paying his second visit to Europe in the same year, arranged 
 for an Enghsh edition to be pubUshed by Bentley. In his preface 
 he refers to the perils of an unknown author, 
 
 " who launches forth into the uncertain current of public favor in so 
 frail a bark as this 1 The very rocking of the tide may overset him ; 
 or peradventure some freebooting critic, prowUng about the great 
 ocean of letters, may descry his strange colors, hail him through a gray 
 goose-quill, and perhaps sink him without more ado." 
 
 While he was writing ' Outre-Mer ' the duties of his professorship 
 in Bowdoin College and the preparation of textbooks took up most 
 of his time, so it was only by working late into the night that he 
 was able to complete his book. This, he teUs us, he did when 
 
 '' the morning watches had begun, and as I write, the melancholy 
 thought intrudes upon me. To what end is all this toil ? Of what avail 
 these midnight vigils ? Dost thou covet fame ? Vain dreamer ! 
 A few brief days, and what will the busy world know of thee ? Alas I 
 this little book is but a bubble on the stream ; and although it may 
 catch the sunshine for a moment, yet it will soon float down the swift- 
 rushing current and be seen no more." 
 
 The first work written by Longfellow in his Cambridge home, 
 in the Washington chamber of Craigie House, was ' Hyperion,' 
 published in New York in 1839. He called it ' Hyperion ' 
 
 ' Hyperion.' " because it moves on high, among clouds and stars, and expresses the 
 various aspirations of the soul of man. It is all modelled on this idea, 
 style and all. It contains my cherished thoughts for three years." 
 
 1907, Mar. 23. ' Hyperion ' was written while Longfellow was still imder 
 
 Marries Mary the shadow of a great grief ; and to understand it aright it is 
 Storer Potter, requisite to remember this. In September, 1831, he was married 
 to Mary Storer Potter. Her character and person are described 
 as being aUke lovely : she had dark hair, with eyes of deep blue 
 which lighted a countenance " singularly attractive with the ex- 
 pression of a gentle and affectionate disposition." Husband and 
 wife were devoted to each other ; never was a home more happy 
 than theirs. But the sweet companionship was to last only four 
 brief years. From Rotterdam, on the 28th of November, 1835, 
 Longfellow wrote to his father that his wife " had again fallen HI, 
 and that his anxiety was very great." On the following day she 
 died, " closing her life by a still more peaceful death ; and though 
 called away when life was brightest, yet going without a murmur 
 and in perfect willingness to the bosom of her God." In the lonely 
 hours which followed, the bereaved husband would repeat the 
 hymns which had soothed her last hours and dwell upon her promise, 
 " I will be with you and watch over you." Less than a month 
 
 Her death. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 229 
 
 Considers 
 his poetic 
 
 career 
 finished. 
 
 ' Voices of 
 the Night.' 
 
 after her death another sorrow came to him by the death of his 
 brother-in-law and dearest friend, George W. Pierce, of whom he 
 wrote, after twenty years had passed, " I have never ceased to 
 feel that in his death something was taken from my life which could 
 never be restored." His poem ' The Footsteps of Angels ' is con- 
 secrated to the memories of his wife and his friend, and the 
 remembrance that they " had lived and died " consoled him in 
 his loneliness. 
 
 It is strange now to remember how near we were to losing 
 Longfellow as a poet. Shortly before his return home from his 
 first visit to Europe he wrote to his father : " My poetic career 
 is finished. Since I left America I have hardly put two hnes 
 together " ; and writing to his friend George W. Greene from 
 Bowdoin College on the 27th of June, 1830, he said : — 
 
 " I am proud to have your favorable opinion of those Utile poetic 
 attempts of mine which date so many years back. I had long ceased 
 to attach any kind of value to them, and, indeed, to think of them .... 
 If I ever publish a volume, it will be many years first." 
 
 It was not until the autumn of 1839 that his first volume of 
 original poems appeared, ' Voices of the Night.' Its publication 
 weis a sudden thought, coming to him in the exhilaration of his 
 busy hfe. In the volume he included some of his poems written 
 before he was nineteen. Its success was signal, and in three weeks 
 the publisher had only fifty copies left out of nine hundred ; and 
 by July, 1846, between eleven and twelve thousand copies had 
 been sold. 
 
 On the 19th of December, 1841, 'Ballads and other Poems ' 'Ballads and 
 appeared. To most of these a history is attached. The skeleton other Poems. 
 in armour really exists, and was seen by the poet, who " supposed 
 it to|be the remains of one of the old Northern sea-rovers who came 
 to America in the tenth century." ' The Village Blacksmith ' 
 was in praise of the first Stephen Longfellow, who by the early 
 death of his father was left to struggle for himself, and became a 
 blacksmith ; but he sent his son to Harvard. The ballad of the 
 schooner Hesperus occurred to Longfellow as he sat with his pipe 
 by the fire at midnight on the 30th of December, 1839. He went 
 to bed, but could not sleep, and got up at three to finish the poem ; 
 he was pleased with it, and it cost him hardly an effort. On the 
 following night, the last of the old year, he writes in his diary : — 
 
 " Shake hands, old friend ; I have learned much from thee ; 
 and simg thy spring in prose and thy autumn in song. And now fare- 
 well ! 
 
 Unveil thy bosom, faithful tomb 1 
 
 Take this new tenant to thy trust. 
 
 And give these sacred relics room 
 
 To slumber in the silent dust." 
 
236 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY, 
 
 'The Golden 
 Legend.' 
 
 Marries 
 
 Frances 
 
 Klizabeth 
 
 Appleton. 
 
 Death of his 
 father. 
 
 Resigns 
 Professor- 
 ship. 
 
 Great success 
 
 of 
 ' Hiawatha. ' 
 
 ' Santa 
 
 Filomena ' 
 
 in honour of 
 
 Florence 
 Nightingale. 
 
 ' Poems on Slavery ' were composed during his return from 
 Europe in 1842, and published in a pamphlet of thirty pages. These 
 were followed by ' The Spanish Student.' 
 
 Although the scheme was not completed until thirty years 
 later, it was on the 8th of November, 1841, that Longfellow entered 
 in his diary : — 
 
 " This evening it has come into my mind to undertake a long and 
 elaborate poem by the holy name of Christ ; the theme of which would 
 be the various aspects of Christendom in the Apostolic, Middle, and 
 modern ages." 
 
 The second part was published in 1851 as ' The Golden Legend ' ; 
 the third part was ' The New England Tragedies,' issued in 1868 ; 
 and the last -written was ' The Divine Tragedy,' which appeared 
 in 1871. The whole, with the title of ' Christus,' was pubhshed 
 in the autumn of 1872. 
 
 On the 13th of July, 1843, Longfellow married Frances Eliza- 
 beth Appleton. She was twenty-five years of age, and is described 
 as " a woman of stately presence, of cultivated intellect, and deep, 
 though reserved feehng." 
 
 The event of 1847 was the publishing of ' Evangeline,' followed 
 by ' Kavanagh ' in 1849. The name of the tale is that of an old 
 Roman Catholic family of Maine, now extinct. 
 
 On the 3rd of August, 1849, in the early morning, Longfellow's 
 father, whom he had always consulted in reference to his poems, 
 died at the age of seventy-three ; and on the 5th, at sunset, in the 
 Western Cemetery at Portland, he was buried. On his return 
 from the funeral the son wrote in his journal : " Farewell, thou 
 good man, thou excellent father ! " 
 
 Longfellow, who had long felt dissatisfaction with his work 
 at Harvard, on account of the lack of time for writing, at length 
 resigned, and on the 12th of September, 1854, received from 
 President Walker the information that the resignation had been 
 accepted. 
 
 ' Hiawatha ' was pubUshed towards the close of 1855 
 by Ticknor & Fields. It was a great success : four thousand 
 out of the five composing the first edition were sold on the same 
 day, and a new edition of three thousand was ordered ; while 
 David Bogue, the publisher in Fleet Street, wrote in December, 
 when sending Longfellow 100?. for the early sheets, that he had 
 " sold eighteen hundred of the five-shilling edition, and 10,000 of 
 the shilhng edition." 
 
 Two of Longfellow's poems specially appeal to the English 
 people : that on the death of the Duke of WeUington at Walmer 
 Castle, and ' Santa Filomena,' a poem in honour of Florence 
 Nightingale, which Longfellow contributed in November, 1857, 
 
ISrOTES :feY THE WAY. 
 
 231 
 
 to the first number of The Atlantic Monthly, published by Phillips 
 & Sampson. 
 
 ' The Courtship of Miles Standish ' was pubUshed in 1858. 
 Ten thousand copies were rapidly sold, and a second edition of the 
 same number soon followed. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1861, a great calamity came to him. It is 
 thus recorded in the ' Life ' edited by Samuel Longfellow, vol. ii. 
 p. 369 (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.) :— 
 
 " His wife was sitting in the library, with her two little grrla, 
 engaged in sealing up some small packages of their curls which she 
 had just cut off. From a match fallen upon the floor, her light summer 
 dress caught fire. The shock was too great, and she died the next morn- 
 ing. She was buried three days later at Mount Auburn. It was the 
 anniversary of her marriage day, and on her beautiful head, lovely 
 and unmarred in death, some one had placed a wreath of orange 
 blossoms. Her husband was not there, — confined to his chamber 
 by the severe burns which he had himself received." 
 
 After this there is a great break in his usually well-kept journal, 
 the first entry being the following hnes from Tennyson : — 
 
 Sleep sweetly, tender heart, in peace ! 
 
 Sleep, holy spirit, blessed soul ! 
 While the stars burn, the moons increase. 
 
 And the great ages onward roll. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1859, we find in the poet's journal : — 
 
 " The thought struck me this morning, that a very good poem 
 might be written on the Saga of King of Olaf, who converted the North 
 to Christianity. Read the old Saga in the ' Heimskringla,' Laing's 
 translation. It is very curious. ' The Challenge of Thor ' will serve 
 as a prelude." 
 
 But it was not until November, 1860, that he took up the task 
 in earnest, when he wrote fifteen of the lyrics in as many days ; 
 and a few days afterwards he completed the whole of the Saga. 
 
 The framework of the ' Wayside Inn ' was determined later : 
 the 11th of October, 1862, is the first indication we have in his 
 diary ; and on the 31st, on " a delicious Indian-summer day," he 
 " drives with Fields to the old ' Red Horse ' Tavern in Sudbury," 
 which used to be a house of call for all travellers from Boston west- 
 ward. The title he intended to give the book was ' The Sudbury 
 Tales ' ; but when he saw it announced he disliked it. Sumner 
 cried out against it, and persuaded him to come back to the title 
 of the ' Wayside Inn.' All the characters in it are real. It was 
 published on the 25th of November, 1863, by Ticknor & Fields, 
 the first edition consisting of fifteen thousand copies. 
 
 At this point of my notes it will be interesting to record the 
 reception given to Longfellow's works in the pages of The Athenaeum. 
 
 As far back as the 13th of June, 1840, that journal, in its 
 review of ' Voices of the Night,' had pointed out that there was 
 
 ' Miles 
 Standish.' 
 
 Death of Mrs, 
 Longfellow. 
 
 1907, Mar. 30. 
 
 ' Saga of King 
 Olaf.' 
 
 The 'Wayside 
 Inn.' 
 
 The 
 Athencenm's 
 appreciation 
 
 of 
 Longfellow. 
 
232 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 " rising up in America a generation of poets and scholars 
 nourished by the old world, but not scornful of the new " — tra- 
 vellers who have visited 
 
 " the galleries of Italy and the libraries of Germany, and have drawn 
 thence a refined spirit of appreciation and a fund of poetical associations 
 which cast a mellower beauty upon all the objects with which nature 
 has glorified their home empire. 
 
 For a long time The Athenaeum had been urging " the poetical 
 doctrine of America for the Americans," and whUe the poets of 
 that country had been " running off to Marathon and the Seven 
 HiUs, to London and the Black Forest, in search of poetic ore," 
 The Athenceum had pointed out to them the rich lodes of fancy 
 lying untouched and virgin at their feet : — 
 
 " Buried cities, — vanishing races, — forests, lakes, mountains 
 and waterfalls, — all the mythical and pictorial elements in which 
 imagination loves to work, — are there, in their own great country, as 
 we have said again and again, waiting the artist's eye to see their 
 beauty, and the singer's tongue to give them voice." 
 
 The Athenceum considered it to be a serious impeachment of the 
 national genius that the American poets had neglected " the sad 
 and tender chords of Indian story," " the poetic features of the 
 Red man," " the tale of the white man in America," in favour 
 of " legends of European goblins, European cities, and European 
 literary fashions " ; and in reviewing ' Hiawatha ' on the 10th of 
 November, 1855, it rejoices that Longfellow " has removed this 
 literary reproach," and that in ' Hiawatha ' we have " at length 
 an American song by an American singer " : — 
 
 "The tale itself is beautiful, fanciful, and new.... the measure 
 is novel as well as the matter. It is a rhymeless verse, with something 
 of forest music in its rise and fall. In it we hear, as it were, the swaying 
 of trees, the whirr of wings, the pattering of leaves, the trickling of 
 water." 
 
 TJie Athenceum hopes to find Longfellow 
 
 " on a future day still working at this poetic mine. America has found 
 a Pactolus within her border : why should not her poets endow her with 
 a new Parnassus ? " 
 
 William A controversy speedily arose on the measure of the poem, as to 
 Howitt on its whether it was from the Finns or Spaniards ; and on the 17th of 
 measure. November WiUiam Howitt writes :— 
 
 " "The measure which he [Longfellow] has adopted, and which 
 you so justly praise, is the old national metre of Finland. Almost the 
 whole of the Finlandic poetry is written in it. It is the metre of the 
 ' Kalevala,' the great national epic, and of the ' Kanteletar,' the collec- 
 tion of the Finlandic ballads and popular lyrics." 
 
 ' Hiawatha ' 
 
 an 
 
 American 
 
 Song by an 
 
 American 
 
 singer. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 233 
 
 On the 7th of December Preiligrath writes to Longfellow : — 
 
 " Are you not chuckling over the war which is waging in the 
 (London) Athenceum about the measure of ' Hiawatha ' ? Of coiirse 
 WiUiam Howitt is right, and your trochaic metre is taken from the 
 Finns, and not from the Spaniards." 
 
 Again on the 21st he writes : — 
 
 " The controversy is still raging. After a month's itching of my 
 writing fingers I shall break forth in to-morrow's AtJiencBum. I trust 
 the way in which I do so may be liked and approved by you." 
 
 Freiligrath's letter appeared on the 29th of December. He 
 dismisses the idea of a Spanish derivation, and says that 
 " every page of ' Hiawatha ' is the parallelism of the Finnish runes, a 
 rhetorical figure, altogether peculiar to this group of national poetry. 
 I will not say that ' Hiawatha ' is written ' in the old national metre of 
 Finland,' but there can be no doubt but that it is written in a modified 
 Finnish metre, — modified by the exquisite feeling of the American poet, 
 according to the genius of the English language, and to the wants of 
 modern taste." 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1868, Longfellow sailed from New York 
 on his last visit to Europe. He had with him his three young 
 daughters and his son just married, a brother, two sisters, and Mr. 
 T. G. Appleton. Four days previously, at the parting dinner at 
 the house of the Fields, Oliver Wendell Holmes read a poem of 
 afiFectionate farewell, which included the following lines : — 
 
 Forgive the simple words that sound like praise ; 
 
 The mist before me dims my gilded phrase ; 
 
 Our speech at best is half aUve and cold, 
 
 And save that tenderer moments make us bold, 
 
 Our whitening lips would close, their truest truth untold. 
 
 What wishes, longings, blessings, prayers, shall be 
 
 The more than golden freight that fioats with thee ? 
 
 And know, whatever welcome thou shalt find, — 
 
 Thou who hast won the hearts of half mankind, — 
 
 The proudest, fondest love thou leavest still behind. 
 
 The enthusiasm with which Longfellow was received on 
 reaching the shores of England told him that, although " The 
 proudest, fondest love " might have been left behind, he yet came 
 as no unwelcome guest, and that the friends whose voices had been 
 softened by the distance rejoiced to tell him how for long years 
 his books had been household treasures in every Enghsh home — 
 how in them the young had found inspiration, and the mother 
 mourning for her child had the sweet consolation that it was not 
 in anger her loved one had been taken, but that an angel had 
 visited the green earth and borne her flower away, to blossom 
 in the fields of light above. 
 
 Like many Americans coming over in June, Longfellow went 
 directly to the English lakes. In his modesty he had no conception 
 of the affection with which his writings had caused him to be 
 
 Freiligrath 
 
 writes to 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
 Longfellow's 
 
 last visit to 
 
 Europe. 
 
 Farewell 
 poem by 
 
 Oliver 
 Wendell 
 Holmes. 
 
 Enthusiastic 
 
 reception on 
 
 reaching 
 
 England. 
 
 1907, Apr. 16. 
 
 Visits the 
 English 
 Lakes. 
 
234 
 
 iSfOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Receives 
 
 address at 
 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Arrival in 
 London. 
 
 regarded by the English people. The Daily News truly gave 
 expression to the popular voice when it said : — 
 
 " He is the familiar friend who has sung to every household, 
 and set to music their aspirations and their afiections." 
 
 The first intimation he received of this was his reception at Carlisle, 
 where, in reply to an address, he said : — 
 
 " Coming here as a stranger, this welcome makes me feel that I 
 am not a stranger, for how can a man be a stranger in a country where 
 he finds all doors and all hearts open to him ? Besides, I myself 
 am a Cumberland man — for I was bom in the county of Cumberland, 
 in the State of Maine, three thousand miles from here." 
 
 On the 16th of June, 1868, in the Senate House at Cambridge, 
 he was pubHcly admitted to the honorary degree of Doctor of 
 Laws. When the scarlet gown was put upon him, the students 
 shouted, " Three cheers for the red man of the West ! " 
 
 On the 26th of the same month, when he arrived in London, 
 a flood of hospitaUty flowed in upon him : the Queen received 
 him at Windsor ; and his countryman Mr. Bierstadt, the landscape 
 painter, gave a dinner in his honour, at which hundreds of celebrities 
 in literature, science, and art were present. With his daughters 
 he spent a Sunday at GadshUl. Dickens had a great afiection for 
 him, and Forster, referring to a former visit, speaks of him as 
 
 " our attached friend, who possesses all the quahties of delightful 
 companionship, the culture and the charm, which have no higher 
 type or example than the accomplished and genial American." 
 
 Vigjtg After a fortnight in London, LongfeUow and his party went 
 
 Tennyson in to the Isle of Wight, and spent two days with Tennyson, who in 
 
 the Isle of one of his letters to the American poet in the previous year had 
 
 Wigbt. written :— 
 
 " We English and Americans should all be brothers as none other 
 among the Nations can be ; and some of us, come what may, will 
 always be so, I trust." 
 
 On the 15th of July Mrs. Tennyson enters in her diary : — 
 
 " Mr. Longfellow arrived with a party of ten. Very English 
 he is, we thought. A. considered his ' Hiawatha ' his most original 
 poem, and he quoted his translation, ' Though the mills of God grind 
 slowly, yet they grind exceeding small.' Both poets admired Platen's 
 ' In der Nacht.' " — ' Life of Tennyson,' by his Son. 
 
 There were forty or fifty guests invited to tea, and Longfellow 
 spoke kindly and graciously to each guest. Although Tennyson 
 and LongfeUow never met again, the friendship was continued 
 by letters on both sides, and in 1877 the American poet sent to his 
 English brother, as a Christmas greeting, his beautiful sonnet 
 
l^OTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 235 
 
 ' Wapentake to AKred Tennyson,' in which he does homage to 
 the mastery in English song of the " sweet historian of the heart " : 
 
 Therefore to thee the laurel leaves belong. 
 To thee our love and our allegiance, 
 For thy allegiance to the poet's art. 
 
 Tennyson in reply wrote that the Christmas greeting was " a very 
 perfect flower from your own spacious garden." 
 
 After a stay on the Continent Longfellow returned for a few ' His return 
 days to London, then went to Oxford to receive the degree of Home. 
 D.C.L., and thence to Scotland. After a crowded eighteen months 
 of travel he reached his home again at Craigie House on the 1st of 
 September, 1869, as the sun was setting, " and found Cambridge 
 in aU its beauty ; not a leaf faded." " How glad I am to be at 
 home ! " he writes the same night to his hfelong friend Greene. 
 
 " There is not a drop of ink in my inkstand, and no bottle can be 
 found. Still, I must write you one word to say we are all safe again 
 at home. How strange and how familiar it all seems I and hoW' thankful 
 I am to have brought my little flock back to the fold I The young 
 voices and httle feet are musical overhead ; and the year of travel 
 floats away, and dissolves like a Fata Morgana." 
 
 In the interesting biography of Longfellow by his brother Numerous 
 Samuel, to which I have previously referred, and which has greatly deaths of 
 aided me in these notes, we are told that Longfellow's life after his friends. 
 return soon resumed its quiet and even tenor. The shades of 
 evening seem to have been already gathering. His intimate friends 
 Felton and Hawthorne were gone ; Agassiz, who was breaking 
 in health, one day came in saying, " I cannot work," put his face 
 in his hands, and wept, and in a year he too was gone ; Sumner 
 in 1874 suddenly died, and an unshadowed intercourse of forty 
 years was ended ; Lowell went abroad, and was seen no more 
 by his friend and neighbour. " So the loneliness grew deeper in 
 the study of Craigie House." Yet there were some choice friends 
 still remaining : Greene, his earliest friend ; Emerson, Wendell 
 Holmes, Norton, and the cordial, genial Fields. Many visitors 
 also came, and received a hospitable welcome. In his journals 
 may be found the names of Froude, Kingsley, WiUiam Black, 
 Plumptre, Dean Stanley, Salvini, Titiens, and Christine Nilsson. 
 The entries concerning many he knew are so thoroughly character- 
 istic that I feel tempted to give a few extracts taken at random. 
 
 Washington Irving, then forty years of age, was m 1827 at Washington 
 Madrid, engaged on his life of Columbus. Longfellow thus refers Irving. 
 to him : — 
 
 " I found the author repeated in the man : The same playful 
 humor, the same touches of sentiment, the same poetic atmosphere, 
 and what I admired still more, the entire absence of literary jealousy." 
 
236 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Dickens. 
 
 Ticknor and 
 Prescott. 
 
 ' The Scarlet 
 Letter.' 
 
 G. P. R. 
 
 James. 
 
 Jenny Lind. 
 
 Kingsley's 
 
 ' Saint's 
 
 Tragedy.' 
 
 Longfellow 
 dedicates 
 
 ' Ultima 
 Thule' to 
 
 George 
 Washington 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Here is Dickens described on his visit to America in 1842 : — 
 
 " A gay, free-and-easy character, with a fine bright face, blue 
 eyes, and long dark hair, he is young, only thirty next month, and a 
 good constitution." 
 
 Dickens, on hearing that Longfellow was about to visit England, 
 wrote to him : " Have no home but mine." 
 
 Longfellow notes on the 4th of September, 1849 : — 
 
 " Saw Mr. Ticknor : he has nearly finished with the proofs of his 
 ' History of Spanish Literature.' In the street met Prescott, rosy 
 and young, with a gay blue satin waistcoat, gray trousers, and shoes." 
 
 Longfellow saw Ticknor only a day or two before his death in 1859, 
 and his last remembrance of him was his sunny smile . 
 Here are a few other brief comments : — 
 
 "March 16th, 1850. Hawthorne's 'Scarlet Letter' is just pub- 
 lished — a most tragic tragedy. Success to the book ! " 
 
 " Sept. 17th, 1850. G. P. R. James came, the novelist, a sturdy 
 man, fiuent and rapid, and looking quite capable of fifty more novels." 
 
 " Jim.e 26th, 1851. Jenny Lind called this morning with Mr. 
 Goldschmidt. There is something very fascinating about her, a kind 
 of soft wildness of manner, and sudden pauses in her speaking, and 
 fioating shadows over her face." 
 
 "April 2nd, 1852. Read Kingsley's 'The Saint's Tragedy,' 
 the story of St. Elizabeth of Hungary put into dramatic form with 
 great power. I wish I had hit upon this theme for my ' Golden Legend,' 
 the mediaeval part of my trilogy. It is nobler and more characteristic 
 than my obscure legend." 
 
 On the 15th of September, 1880, ' Ultima Thule ' was pub- 
 lished. It is dedicated to the poet's lifelong friend George Wash- 
 ington Greene, with this motto from Horace : — 
 
 Precor, Integra 
 Cum mente, nee turpem senectam 
 Degere, nee cithara carentem. 
 
 Horace had been a favourite for many years with Longfellow, 
 who when he was only seventeen wrote to his father : — 
 
 " We are reading Horace. I admire it very much indeed, and 
 in fact I have not met with so pleasant a study since the commence- 
 ment of my college life. Moreover, it is extremely easy to read, which 
 not a little contributes to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge 
 of every Une and every ode.'" 
 
 In 1872 he wrote a joking letter to Greene, reminding him that 
 
 " Horace mentions the Craigie House in Ode XXI. of the First Book. 
 He spoke of it as the viridis cragi, in which Diana takes delight, — that 
 is, on which the moonlight lingers." 
 
 The copy of Horace used by Longfellow in college is now in the 
 library at Bowdoin, the gift of Prof. Smyth, of Andover (' Life,' by 
 Samuel Longfellow, vol. i. p. 49). 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 237 
 
 The title ' Ultima Thule ' proved significant, for it was the last 
 work published under Longfellow's own eye. His brother 
 well speaks of the eighteen poems as " containing the sweetness of 
 ripened grain " ; they show that the fountain of youth was within 
 him, and that in age the heart of the poet may " bloom into song, 
 as the gorse blossoms in autumn and spring." Among the poems 
 is the one dedicated to the children of Cambridge, ' From my 
 Arm-chair.' The chair was presented to him on his seventy- 
 second birthday, and was made from the wood of the village 
 blacksmith's chestnut tree. Seven hundred children contributed 
 to its purchase, and he found it in his library when he went there 
 on his birthday morning. 
 
 Longfellow kept no record of the amounts he was paid for 
 his writings after 1850. For ' The Village Blacksmith,' ' Endymion,' 
 and ' God's Acre ' he received fifteen dollars each ; for ' The Arsenal ' 
 and ' Nuremberg ' fifty each. The Harpers paid a thousand 
 dollars for ' Keramos.' In 1845 (the year of ' The Poets and Poetry 
 of America ') he received 2,800 dollars. In the life of Whittier 
 by Linton it is stated that both Longfellow and Lowell received 
 1,000?. a year each from their publishers. 
 
 I should have liked to be able to give some idea as to the 
 sales of Longfellow's works in England, but, owing, to the many 
 publishers who have issued them, I have found this to be im- 
 possible. Mr. Sonnenschein, of Routledge & Sons, who were 
 the authorized pubUshers, informs me that the various editions 
 reached many hundred thousand copies, and even at the present 
 time the sale of their " Cambridge Edition " amounts to several 
 thousand copies annually. Their "Riverside Edition" (1886), so 
 carefully edited by Mr. H. E. Scudder, to which I have been greatly 
 indebted in making these notes, has been out of print for many 
 years, and wiU not be reprinted. This is the most complete that 
 has been pubUshed, and no works unknown at that time have 
 been since discovered. It is in eleven volumes (two prose, six 
 verse, and three devoted to the translation of Dante), and contains 
 many portraits. 
 
 Longfellow's birthday in 1880 was made the subject of a very 
 interesting celebration in the public schools of Cincinnati, in which 
 fifteen thousand scholars took part. The idea originated with 
 Mr. John B. Peaselee, and was part of a larger plan to introduce 
 into the schools a series of celebrations of authors' birthdays in 
 order to create and elevate a taste for Uterature in the young. 
 The idea is such a good one that it might be carried out in our 
 own schools. 
 
 Visitors to Craigie House on the 22nd of September, 1881, 
 saw over the door the American flag half furled and draped in 
 mourning for President Garfield, who had died two days previously. 
 On receiving the news Longfellow wrote to his friend Greene : — 
 
 1907, Apr. 13. 
 
 ' From my 
 Arm-chair.' 
 
 Payment for 
 poems. 
 
 Sales in 
 England. 
 
 Longfellow's 
 
 birthday 
 
 celebrated 
 
 by children. 
 
 Death of 
 Garfield. 
 
238 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The poet 
 suffers from 
 
 nervous 
 prostration. 
 
 His kindness 
 to the last. 
 
 His death. 
 
 " Dante's line is running in my mind, 
 
 E venni dal martirio a questa pace. 
 
 And what a martyrdom 1 
 life at last are ended." 
 
 Twelve weeks of pain and struggle for 
 
 His funeral 
 
 from the old 
 
 home. 
 
 In the autumn of 1881 the poet suffered much from nervous 
 prostration ; but he did not dread the coming winter, as the thought 
 brought with it a sense of rest and seclusion. In wishing his 
 friend Greene a merry Christmas, he wrote : " Mine, I am sorry 
 to say, is not a merry one. I don't get strength yet, and con- 
 sequently don't get well." 
 
 The new year opened without improvement, and he was forced 
 to decline the pubUc reception offered to him on his birthday 
 by the authorities of Portland, his native city. The few friends 
 who saw him at home on that day remarked how well and cheerful 
 he appeared ; and he exchanged telegrams with the Historical 
 Society of Maine, the members little thinking how soon they would 
 be meeting to mourn his death. 
 
 On Saturday, the 18th of March, four schoolboys from Boston 
 asked permission to visit him. Kind to the last, he showed them 
 the objects of interest in his study and the view of the Charles 
 from its windows, and wrote his name in their albums. That 
 afternoon he went out and took a chill ; and in the afternoon of the 
 following Friday, the 24th of March, 1882, he sank quietly in death, 
 and the bells of Cambridge tolled the sorrowful news that the 
 long, blameless life was ended, and the poet whom the nations 
 loved had passed to his rest. Only nine days before had he laid 
 down his pen with these three lines from ' The Bells of San Bias ' : 
 
 Out of the shadows of night 
 The world rolls into light ; 
 It is daybreak everywhere. 
 
 On the Sunday following — the anniversary of that lovely 
 morning, forty-three years earlier, when he wrote his third Psalm 
 of Life, that never-to-be-forgotten ' Footsteps of Angels ' — the 
 funeral service was held in the old home. Upon the coffin were 
 placed those symbols of victory and the glory of suffering, a palm 
 branch and a spray of passion flower. Then, amid the gently 
 falling snow, the body was borne to Mount Auburn — the God's 
 Acre where so many of his loved ones were already resting. In his 
 own words descriptive of the burial of his brother poet Richard 
 Henry Dana : — 
 
 The snow was falling, as if Heaven dropped down 
 White flowers of Paradise to strew his pall ; — 
 The dead aroTxnd hun seemed to wake, and call 
 
 His name, as worthy of so white a crown. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 239 
 
 Longfellow was of medium height, and his face is familiar 
 to us from many delightful portraits. In later years his silvery 
 hair was carelessly thrown back from his forehead ; a full beard 
 and moustache partially concealed the pleasant mouth ; but his 
 mild blue eyes expressed the kindhness of his heart and his quick 
 reading of the hearts of others. All who had the privilege of being 
 received in his home teU us of his exquisite simplicity of manners, 
 and his soft, sweet, musical voice, which, like his face, had the 
 innate charm of tranquilhty ; he had what the French aptly call 
 the " politeness of the heart," and a magnetism which drew all 
 hearts towards him. Mrs. Carlyle remembered his visit to them at 
 Craigenputtock as " the visit of an angel " ; and William Winter, 
 who had been greeted by him as a young aspirant in literature, 
 would walk miles to Longfellow's house only to put his hand upon 
 the latch of the gate which the poet himself had touched. 
 
 Whittier wrote to Aldrich a few days after Longfellow's 
 death : — 
 
 " It seems as if I could never write again. A feeling of unutterable 
 sorrow and loneliness oppresses me " ; 
 
 and in a letter to his niece, Mrs. Pickard, he said : — 
 
 " He has been an influence for good ; all the Christian virtues 
 his verse and his life exempMed. Pure, kindly, and courteous, simple, 
 yet scholarly, he was never otherwise than a gentleman. There is 
 no blot on the crystal purity of his writings." 
 
 While America was full of grief for her son, England mourned 
 for him as for a brother. The British press was as one with the 
 American in its chorus of praise, and The AthencBum pronounced 
 him to be " the most popular of English-speaking poets." In the 
 same number appeared tributes from Mr. Hall Caine and Mr. 
 Austin Dobson. I quote the closing hnes of the latter : — 
 
 Lie calm, O white and laureate head ! 
 Lie cakn, O Dead, that art not dead, 
 
 Since from the voiceless grave 
 Thy voice shall speak to old and yoimg 
 While song yet speaks an EngUsh tongue 
 
 By Charles' or Thamis' wave 1 
 
 It is pleasant to record that Mr. Dobson's verses are preserved 
 in a volume on the library table at Craigie House. 
 
 Although the remains of the beloved poet rightly rest in the 
 land of his birth, we in England desired to have him associated 
 with our own Valhalla, and my old friend the late Dr. W. C. Bennett, 
 well remembered for his ' Songs for Sailors,' gave voice to the 
 universal feeUng that a bust of him should be placed in our own 
 Poets' Comer. Very soon a powerful committee was formed 
 
 His magnetic 
 charm. 
 
 Sorrow in 
 
 America and 
 
 England. 
 
 Tributes in 
 
 riie 
 
 Athenatiivi 
 
 of Mr. Hall 
 
 Caine and 
 
 Mr. Austin 
 
 Dobson. 
 
 Bust in 
 
 Westminster 
 
 Abbey. 
 
240 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 by Dr. Bennett, with the Prince of Wales as chairman, and Francis 
 Bennoch as treasurer. The result was the marble bust by Thomas 
 Brock, A.R.A. It was admitted to its present place in the Abbey 
 on March 2nd, 1884, by Dean Bradley, and is the first monument 
 of an American author placed there. Dr. Bennett presented to 
 the American Longfellow Memorial Committee the album containing 
 the five hundred autographs of the subscribers. 
 
 The Poet, faithful and far-seeing, 
 Sees, alike in stars and flowers, a part 
 
 Of the selfsame, universal being 
 Which is throbbing in his brain and heart. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 JUBILEE OF 'THE CITY PRESS." 
 (July 18th, 1907.) 
 
 The Jubilee of The City Press adds another to the list of recent 
 Press Jubilee celebrations. Founded on the 18th of July, 1857, 
 by William HiU CoUingridge — a man desirous of working for the 
 common good — it has from the first been imbued with his own 
 lofty aims, and has always advocated measures having for their 
 object the benefit of the people of London. CoUingridge edited 
 the paper from its first number, and for forty-five years it was 
 virtually his life-work. Full of magnetic force, he inspired all 
 who worked for him, and for them he had ever kind words of 
 encouragement. Readers of these Notes may remember that 
 he was bom in the house at Olney which for many years had been 
 the home of Cowper. This he had afterwards the pleasure of 
 buying at an auction sale, and he describes the event as being 
 " one of the happiest moments of his life." He presented the 
 house, as is stated in the account of the Cowper Centenary 
 {ante, p. 57), to the town of Olney. 
 
 On Mr. CoUingridge's death, on Friday, the 31st of March, 
 1905, at the age of seventy-eight, his friend Mr. Fielding Falconer 
 gave in Meyer's Observer (published at Enfield) some interesting 
 details (which had been related to him by Mr. CoUingridge) about 
 the founding of the CoUingridge firm. For the father of CoUing- 
 ridge the sea had a strong fascination ; but on the day that Waterloo 
 was being fought he gave up the Ufe of a sailor, returned to his 
 home, and decided " that for the future he would do the best he 
 could for himself on land." After turning his hand to drapery 
 and one or two other trades, the happy thought at length occurred 
 to him that he would be a printer. The only obstacle to this was 
 that he knew nothing about printing. A few years previously a 
 printer named Stoner had issued 'The Printer's Grammar.' To 
 this young CoUingridge appUed himself, and, " finding that he was 
 master of the printing business," established himself as a printer 
 at Olney. His son WilUam HiU, having a liking for the work, 
 was taken by him, at tbe age of s^vepteen, to London, where he 
 
 The City 
 
 iVMsfounded 
 
 by William 
 
 Hill 
 CoUingridge. 
 
 His birth at 
 Olney. 
 
 Purchases The 
 City Prens of 
 Mr. Doudney. 
 
242 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Dr. Gill's 
 Commentary. 
 
 Toplady's 
 
 testimony to 
 
 him. 
 
 obtained employment with Mr. Doudney in Long Lane, the premises 
 being named " The City Press." When Mr. Doudney in 1846 
 gave up the business in order to become a clergyman of the Church 
 of England, he looked round among the people he employed, and 
 duly examined the claims of each in order to decide to whom to 
 offer the business. His choice fell on CoUingridge, who purchased 
 it of him ; and when CoUingridge, started his paper he gave to it 
 the name of his house. Mr. Doudney was for more than fifty 
 years editor of The. Gospel Magazine. He was described by Mr. 
 CoUingridge as a man of such open generosity that he could never 
 keep any money in his pocket. Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Doudney, 
 on accepting the living of Bunmahon in the diocese of Cashel, 
 established a printing office for the benefit of poor boys, and these 
 waifs he made competent to print not only his parish magazine, 
 but also the Bible Commentary in six quarto volumes of the learned 
 Dr. Gill, who from 1720 till his death was pastor of the Southwark 
 Baptist Church, now meeting at the Metropolitan Tabernacle. 
 Toplady said of him, " This age has not produced a more learned, 
 pious, and profound divine " ; and Spurgeon wrote of him as 
 " one of the most learned men that the Baptist denomination has 
 ever produced." On the publication of his Commentary the title 
 of D.D. was received by him from Aberdeen ; and on his deacons 
 congratulating him, he thanked them pleasantly, adding, " I 
 neither thought it, nor bought it, nor sought it." He was fuU of 
 quiet humour, and, on one of his hearers expressing dissatisfaction 
 with his preaching, said, pointing him to the pulpit, " Go up and 
 do better ; go up and do better." Dr. GUI's pulpit is stUl pre- 
 served at the Spurgeon Pastors' College, and made use of by the 
 students. Gill died on the 14th of October, 1771, and was buried 
 in BunhiU Fields. 
 The City When The City Press was started there was no paper devoted 
 
 Pres.i the first to the interests of the City, and the proceedings of the Corporation 
 paper devoted were not reported adequately or systematically. The City Press 
 to City .^yj^g intended to be, and it has been, loyal to the Corporation, but 
 interests, j^^^ criticized where and when it thought fit, and the resiUt has been 
 to bring about reforms from within rather than from without. 
 The paper has been identified with many of the forward movements 
 which, in the course of years, the Corporation has initiated and 
 carried through. At the time The City Press was founded, the 
 voice of " reform " was in the air, and would-be despoUers of the 
 Corporation were to be found in all directions. Half a century has 
 passed, and in the Jubilee number of The City Press it is claimed that 
 
 " the City more than maintains its ground. Other authorities have 
 sprung into existence, but the Corporation remains at the head of 
 the municipal life of London, and is still the body which is called 
 upon, at times of national rejoicing and emergency, to take its plac? 
 jii> the van, and to forniulate and direct public opinioi>." 
 
 His pulpit. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 243 
 
 Pirneh 
 
 pictures of 
 
 cattle in 
 
 London 
 
 streets. 
 
 The Commis- 
 sioners of 
 Sewers. 
 
 The Corporation is described as a most democratic body in The Corpora- 
 constitution, as its members have to be elected annually, no matter tion a demo- 
 what their position may be, and " yet it is so ancient a body that '"'^"° ^°<^y- 
 its origin goes back beyond legal memory, and it enjoys privileges 
 and franchises which can neither be lost by forfeiture nor voluntarily 
 surrendered." The government of the City has always borne a 
 strong analogy to that of a county or shire ; indeed, the City is a 
 county in itself. Just as the shires were ruled by aldermen, " so 
 did the City receive from King Alfred an alderman as its first 
 municipal governor in the person of Ethelred in a.d. 886." 
 
 A valuable and concise resume of the work of the Corporation 
 since 1857 is given in the Jubilee number. In that year, as many 
 mU remember, the old shambles near Newgate Street still existed ; 
 cattle were driven in crowds every Monday through the streets, 
 to the terror of the ladies, though our friend Punch could not 
 refrain from using his pencil to depict some of the humorous scenes. 
 Now there are three large markets, including the Foreign Cattle 
 Market at Deptford ; while to faciUtate the supply of fish two 
 millions have been spent in improving Billingsgate. 
 
 To the work of the Commissioners of Sewers (whose powers 
 were transferred to the Corporation in January, 1898) high praise 
 is accorded. The Commission was appointed, under an Act of 
 Parliament of Charles II., by the Corporation on the 12th of 
 February, 1668/9. Although it had a distinct constitution, and 
 possessed far wider powers of civic government than the Court of 
 Common Council, it was to all intents and purposes part and parcel 
 of the Corporation. Under the Burial Act it purchased in 1852 
 ground at Ilford, and laid out the City of London Cemetery at a 
 cost of 82,000Z. By this purchase the Commissioners acquired 
 rights in Wanstead Flats and Epping Forest, which are now pre- 
 served to the public for ever. 
 
 Another good work of the Commissioners was the erection of 
 artisans' dwellings at Houndsditch ; and they spent 88,000Z. on 
 acquiring depots in connexion with the cleansing department, so 
 that the City of London has for years enjoyed the reputation of 
 being one of the cleanest in the world. 
 
 When the Commission ceased to exist it possessed a rating 
 margin of sixpence in the pound, whUe the liabilities on loans were 
 less than 1,400,000?. It collected and paid over to the School 
 Board 3,014, 974Z., and to the Metropolitan Board of Works, until 
 this was superseded by the London County Council, 1,704,904Z. 
 
 As to the street improvements carried out by the Commissioners , street 
 
 " their name is legion." The Commissioners were ever ready to improve- 
 
 set back lines of frontage. I may mention the widening of Ludgate ments. 
 Hill, the Poultry, Queen Street, Great Tower Street, Eastcheap, 
 
 92 
 
 Artisans' 
 dwellings at 
 Houndsditch. 
 
244 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Threadneedle Street, Upper Thames Street, and Liverpool Street. 
 Electric The Commission of Sewers was also the pioneer body in electric 
 lighting, lighting, and as far back as 1878 experiments were made on Holborn 
 
 Viaduct with the JablochkofE system. 
 
 Increase of During the past fifty years the tide of traffic has been ever 
 
 traffic. on the rise, and proposals for " Tube " railways had been long 
 foreshadowed. The first step in this direction was the construction 
 of the City and South London Railway, followed by that of the 
 Central London, and the excavation of the Bank Station beneath 
 the space in front of the Mansion House. The City Press article 
 rightly praises the manner in which all difficulties were surmounted 
 in the construction of that huge underground station in the busiest 
 spot in the world. 
 
 Although the majority of the City improvements were until 
 ten years ago effected by the Commissioners of Sewers, the City 
 Corporation has since the year 1760 spent over 11,000,000L in pubUc 
 improvements, and in addition applied the net proceeds, between 
 1862 and 1890, of the 4d. coal duty, which during these years pro- 
 duced 3,100,000Z. Since the abolition of the duty the Corporation 
 has contributed nearly 300,000Z. towards the discharge of debt and 
 interest on the Holborn Valley improvement and the widening of 
 streets. 
 
 1907, Aug. 10. Among links with the past now swept away are many of the 
 
 Old City old City churches, long emptied of worshippers, owing to the 
 churches, few residents. The Daily Chronicle of Saturday, the 10th of April, 
 1897, gave the total numbers present on the previous Sunday 
 at fourteen then existing churches — 366 attending morning service, 
 and 394 in the evening. At one of these only 4 were present in the 
 morning, and 6 in the evening. This living was worth 9251. per 
 annum, and the total of the fourteen was 10,453Z. per annum. 
 
 Disappear- Other changes have included the disappearance of the old 
 
 ance of old Sessions House, and of the three schools : St. Paul's, founded in 
 
 Sessions 1512 by Dr. Colet ; Christ's Hospital, founded on the 23rd of 
 
 °"^^' November, 1552 ; and the City School, which was erected on the 
 
 site of Honey Lane Market, the first stone being laid by Lord 
 
 Brougham on the 21st of October, 1835. Of notable old City 
 
 hotels but few are left. The building of the General Post Office 
 
 on the west side of St. Martin's le Grand obliterated the famous 
 
 hotels that formerly stood there ; and an additional block is 
 
 now in course of erection on the site of Christ's Hospital to 
 
 accommodate the increasing business. 
 
 Holborn When The City Press first saw the light, Holborn Hill, with 
 
 Hill: perils ^^1 its perils to horses, still remained. At 94, opposite Shoe Lane, 
 to horses, was Fearon's well-known wine-shop (this branch is now fit 39, 
 
iJO'lES BY THE WaY. Ub 
 
 Holborn Viaduct). Hood, writing to his wife from Rotterdam, 
 sings : — 
 
 The flavour now of Fearon's, 
 
 That mingles in my dram. 
 Reminds me you 're in England, 
 
 And I 'm in Rotterdam. 
 
 The Holborn Valley Viaduct, of which the foundation stone was The Viaduct. 
 
 laid on the 3rd of June, 1867, by P. H. Fry, William Haywood 
 
 being the chief engineer, was opened for foot passengers on the 
 
 14th of October, 1869, and inaugurated by Queen Victoria on the 
 
 6th of November in the same year, the new Blackfriars Bridge 
 
 being opened by the Queen on the same day. 
 
 The following year another great improvement was com- The Thames 
 pleted, the Thames Embankment being opened on the 13th of Embank- 
 July, 1870, by the Prince of Wales. This had indeed been long "^"ndeTby' 
 waited for, having been recommended by Wren and Evelyn in Wren and 
 1666 ; and if Wren's suggestions had been carried out, the Embank- Evelyn. 
 ment as it is to-day would have been anticipated by over two 
 hundred years. While the fire was still burning, both Wren and 
 Evelyn set to work to make plans for a new city. 
 
 "Wren's was the first to be shown to the King ; and though 
 there is much resemblance between it and Evelyn's, yet Wren's is evi- 
 dently the more useful, as well as the finer plan of the two, and was 
 the one which the King accepted .... 
 
 " The London bank of the Thames was to be lined with a broad 
 quay, along which the Halls of the City Companies were to be built, 
 with suitable warehouses in between for the merchants, to vary the 
 effect of the edifices." — ' Sir Christopher Wren, his Family and 
 Times,' by Lucy Philhmore. 
 
 Wren attempted to prosecute his design for the quay along the 
 northern bank of the Thames, but the ground was rapidly encroached 
 upon by buildings, and the King gave but uncertain support. 
 
 Deputy John Paterson was the author of a later scheme John 
 
 for the Embankment. A copy is in the Guildhall Library. It is a , Peterson's 
 
 later scheme. 
 " Plan for raising 300,000?. for the Purpose of completing the 
 Bridge at Blackfriars and redeeming the Toll thereon, embanking the 
 North Side of the River Thames between Paul's Wharf and Milford 
 Lane, redeeming the antient Toll upon London Bridge, repairing the 
 Royal Exchange, and rebuilding the gaol of Newgate. Printed by 
 Henry Kent. 1767." 
 
 From this I take the following extracts : — 
 
 " But there is another improvement which the course of the 
 river and present form of the shore between Paul's Wharf and Milford 
 Lane make very desirable, if not absolutely necessary. 
 
 " The wharfs within those limits, by their different and very 
 unequal encroachments, not only form an irregular and disagreeable 
 outline, but afford the owners of some an undue preference and advan- 
 
246 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 tage over others ; at the same time that the reflected state of the tides, 
 both of ebb and flood, throws the face of the stream upon the Surrey 
 shore opposite to Blackfriars, and of consequence slackens the current 
 on the London side. This, together with the large sewers that empty 
 themselves in the neighbourhood, occasions a constant accumulation 
 of sand, mud, and rubbish, which not only destroys great part of the 
 navigation at low water, but renders the wharfs inacessible by the 
 loaded craft even at high water, unless at spring tides. The mud and 
 fifth thus accumulating, notwithstanding the frequent expense the 
 wharfingers are at to clear it away, is, when not covered with water, 
 extremely effensive, and in summer time often dangerous to the health 
 of the neighbouring inhabitants. 
 
 " This alteration, therefore, is recommended as not only advan- 
 tageous for the trade of London and Westminster and navigation of 
 the river, but greatly conducive to the health of those two populous 
 cities. To this end it is proposed that the landowners on the north 
 side of the said river between the west corner of Mr. Powel's Wharf 
 near Puddle Dock and the east corner of Mr. Roberts's Wharf near 
 Milford Lane be at liberty to embank, in the line and manner to be 
 prescribed, and that the ground thereby acquired be vested to the use 
 and trusts of the original property, subject to the quit-rent of one 
 farthing per foot superficial, redeemable at 20 years' purchase ; and 
 that where any of the said owners shall desire the City to embank 
 for them, the said acquired ground shall be subject to a quit-rent of 
 one penny per foot superficial, redeemable as aforesaid, the said quit- 
 rents or purchase monies to be part of a fund for lighting, watching, 
 cleansing, and repairing the new bridge, in heu of the toll proposed 
 to be taken away." 
 
 John Paterson took great interest in both London and Black- 
 friars bridges, and in June, 1767, the Common Council voted 
 200 guineas for a piece of plate to be presented to him in recog- 
 nition of his services generally to the City, and in particular his 
 plan to raise 282,000L to pay off the debt remaining on London 
 Bridge. As the result of Deputy Paterson's Report, the Corpora- 
 tion embanked a mile. 
 
 Among suggestions of more recent date was one made in 1825, 
 when a ' Lithographic Sketch of the North Bank of the Thames, 
 from Westminster Bridge to London Bridge,' was published. This 
 was by Lieut.-Col. Trench, and showed the proposed quay and some 
 other improvements, a survey of the river being given ; but it was 
 not until the 7th of August, 1862, that an Act for embanking the 
 north side of the Thames was passed. Londoners now enjoy a wallc 
 by the side of the Thames, but previous to its purification it was a 
 place to be avoided. Tom Hood in 1826 most irreverently styled 
 the Lord Mayor of London 
 
 Conservator of Thames from mud to mud. 
 The bad odours emanating from it culminated in 1858, and during 
 Thames reach *^® summer of that year I had a bowl of chloride of lime on my 
 the House of desk at the Athenceum office in Wellington Street as a disinfectant. 
 Commons, Fortunately the stench reached the House of Commons, and an Act 
 
 Lieut.-Col. 
 Trench. 
 
 Bad odours 
 from the 
 
i^OTi:s Bt THE WAt. 
 
 24t 
 
 ivas passed empowering the Metropolitan Board of Works to under- 
 take the purification of the river. 
 
 As regards the rateable value of the City of London, the growth Rateable 
 has been enormous. In 1861 it was 1,279,887?., to-day it is value of the 
 5,470,496?. The statistics of population are most interesting. In ^''y- 
 1861 the residents were 112,063 ; in 1871 they fell to 74,897 ; in 
 1881 these decreased to 50,652 ; in 1891 to 26,923 ; and now the 
 number is only slightly over 21,000. The day population increased 
 from 170,133 in 1866 to 374,730 in 1906. The day census taken in 
 May, 1891, showed that 1,186,000 persons and 92,000 vehicles 
 entered and left the City on the day the counting took place. 
 
 London's roU of fame during the last half century contains, London's roll 
 among other illustrious men upon whom the freedom of the City °^ *^™^- 
 has been conferred, David Livingstone (May 21st, 1857), Sir John 
 Lawrence (July 3rd, 1859), Capt. Sir Francis Leopold McClintock 
 (May 19th, 1860), Lord Clyde (December 20th, 1860), Sir James 
 Outram (on the same day), Cobden (June 6th, 1861), George Pea- 
 body (July 10th, 1862), Earl Canning (June 26th, 1862), Garibaldi 
 (April 20th, 1864), Lord Napier (July 21st, 1868), De Lesseps 
 (July 20th, 1870), Sir George Airy, Astronomer Royal (Novem- 
 ber 4th, 1875), General Ulysses Grant (June 15th, 1877), Sir Row- 
 land Hill (June 12th, 1879), General Booth, of the Salvation Army 
 (October 26th, 1905), and Lord Lister (June 28th, 1907). 
 
 As regards the Guilds, The City Press claims that these have The Guilds, 
 been " born again, or, in other words, returned to their former 
 activities, and become once more closely associated \»'ith the crafts 
 from which they sprang." The Guilds were formerly entrusted 
 with far-reaching powers ; gradually these in many cases fell into 
 desuetude ; but there are five Companies still exercising some of 
 the responsibilities conferred upon them : the Goldsmiths, who are 
 the hall-marking authority ; the Fishmongers, who control Billings- 
 gate ; the Apothecaries, who are one of the examining bodies 
 in medicine, and have been endowed with further powers of late 
 years ; the Gun-makers, who are still the legal authority for the 
 marking of gun barrels ; and the Stationers, as the copyright 
 authority. The year 1877 " witnessed the reawakening of the 
 Companies," for the City and Guilds of London Institute was then 
 formed " for the purpose of promoting manual training, and 
 associating the Guilds once again with London craft life." Three- 
 quarters of a million have been devoted to this end, and " the 
 Institute has to-day assumed a world-wide importance, being 
 regarded the Empireover as the great examining bodyfor technology 
 in aU its branches." Three years after its formation the appoint- 
 ment of the Royal Commission on the Guilds served as another 
 stimulus. The Companies, it is true, emerged triumphantly 
 
248 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 from that ordeal, and gave practical proof to the Commissioners 
 ol their bona fides. In order to make the position of the Guilds 
 absolutely invulnerable, it is suggested that 
 
 " they should with one consent place themselves at the head of their 
 respective trades, encouraging the crafts by apprenticeship, acting 
 as the arbitration authority in cases of dispute, ministering to the 
 necessities of the aged, and in other waj^ perpetuating the conditions 
 of centuries since. This reform can only be fully effected through the 
 practical reunion of the Companies with their trades by the former 
 inviting the co-operation of the leaders of these industries." 
 
 Financial The financial history recorded by The City Press includes the 
 
 history. estabhshment of limited liability ; and it is just over fifty years 
 since the members of the Stock Exchange first assembled in their 
 "new house" in Throgmorton Street. In that year, 1857, owing 
 to American failures, the Bank rate reached 10 per cent, the Bank 
 Act was suspended, and Palmerston authorized an additional issue 
 of notes during the panic. The failures on the Exchange exceeded 
 seventy, and the committee granted time to all who could pay 
 10s. in the pound. In 1866 came the Overend-Gumey crash ; 
 the bank's capital was 5,000,000^., and its engagements exceeded 
 19,000,000?. The 501. shares, at one time at 101. premium, relapsed 
 on " Black Friday," the 11th of May, 1866, to 101. discount, and 
 the 3 per Cents feU on that day to 84. In the article mention is 
 made of the marvellous recovery of French wealth since 1870, 
 until " Paris is now the strongest gold-hoarder in the world." In 
 1873, when France was paying to Germany the huge war indemnity, 
 and Germany was estabhshing a gold coinage, the Bank rate 
 reached 9 per cent. On Saturday, November 15th, 1890, Baring 
 Brothers failed. They were up till that time " regarded virtually 
 as one of the great powers." The crisis was of short duration : 
 the habilities of the firm (21,000,000i.) were guaranteed ; and 
 although Consols fell to 93f, there was no panic. The City has 
 since experienced many troublous times, but has not had to face 
 a like contingency. 
 
 Goschen ^^ 1888 Mr. Goschen converted the 3 per Cents to a new stock 
 
 converts the to bear 2f interest till 1903, and thereafter 2J per cent. This 
 3 per Cents, change caused a drop in price from 101^ to 97}^; but in 1897 Consols 
 actually exceeded 112, and remained above 100 until 1900, when 
 they dropped to 99f . Since then there has been an almost con- 
 tinuous decline, and on Monday, the 29th of July, 1907, they 
 actually fell to 82|, and there was a rumour that a large line changed 
 hands at 82 J. This price is the lowest since 1831, when they were 
 79f. Even in the year of revolutions, 1848, Consols did not fall 
 below 85 ; but the interest was then 3 per cent, whereas it is only 
 2| nowadays. 
 
 Black Friday. 
 
 Baring 
 Brothers. 
 
MOT^tiS BY THE WA"^. 249 
 
 Of special interest is the service rendered by the Corporation 1907, Aug. 17. 
 in making known the contents of its splendid series of records. The City's 
 Attention was called to this by Mr. John Randall at the dinner splendid 
 of the Correctors of the Press on the 22nd of June, 1907, at which the series of 
 Lord Mayor, Sir William Treloar, presided ; and through the reco™s. 
 courtesy of my friend Dr. Reginald R. Sharpe, to whose care and 
 research in editing many of the documents we owe so much, I am ^^- g^|J."g 
 able to give the following list of works printed by the Corporation 
 since 1863 :— 
 
 Memoranda relating to the Royal Hospitals of the City of London. 
 Reprinted 1863. (Originally printed 1836.) 
 
 Addresses, Remonstrances, and Petitions to the Throne presented 
 by the City, with the Answers Thereto. 1865. 
 
 A Statistical Vindication of the City of London. By Benjamin 
 Scott, F.R.A.S. 1867 {3rd ed., 1877). 
 
 Memorials of London and London Life in the Thirteenth, Four- 
 teenth, and Fifteenth Centuries : being a Series of Extracts from the 
 City's so-cahed Letter-Books. By H. T. Riley, M.A. 1868. 
 
 Analytical Index to the Series of City Records known as Remem- 
 brancia, a.d. 1579 — 1664 : being Copies of Correspondence between 
 the City and Officers of State. 1878. 
 
 Reports on the Day-Census of the City, 1881 and 1891. 
 
 Extracts touching the City's Possession of Richmond Park, 
 A.D. 1649—1660. By Sir T. J. Nelson, City Solicitor. 1883. 
 
 London's Roll of Fame : being Votes and Addresses by the City 
 on Presentation of the Honorary Freedom, with RepUes, a.d. 1757—1884. 
 
 Calendar of Letters form the City of London to Various Towns at 
 Home and Abroad on Commercial and Municipal Matters, a.d. 1350 — 
 1390. By R. R. Sharpe, D.C.L. 1885. 
 
 A Descriptive Account of the Guildhall of the City of London, its 
 History and Associations. By J. B. Price, F.S.A. 1886. 
 
 Calendar of Wills proved and enrolled in the Cotirt of Husting, 
 London, a.d. 1258—1688. By R. R. Sharpe, D.C.L. 2 vols. 1889-90. 
 
 History of the Monument, with a Brief Account of the Great Fire. 
 By Charles Welch, F.S.A., Librarian to the Corporation of London. 
 1893. 
 
 The Guildhall Library and its Work. By the same. 1893. 
 (Out of print.) 
 
 History of the Tower Bridge, by the same, together with a Descrip- 
 tion of the Bridge, by G. Wolfe Barry, C.B. 1894. 
 
 London and the Kingdom, compiled mainly from the City's 
 Archives. By R. R. Sharpe, D.C.L. 3 vols. 1894-5. 
 
 Numismata Londinensia : Medals struck by the Corporation of 
 London. With Notes by Charles Welch, F.S.A. 1894. (Out of print. ) 
 
 The Guildhall of the City of London, together with a Short Account 
 of its Associations and the Municipal Work carried on Therein. By 
 J. J. Baddeley, Deputy for the Ward of Cripplegate Without. 3rd 
 edition. 1905. 
 
250 
 
 Notes by the wAY. 
 
 Guildhall 
 Library 
 opened. 
 
 Histories of 
 
 the 
 Companies. 
 
 A Brief Guide to the Guildhall Museum. By Charles Welch, 
 F.S.A., Librarian and Curator. 1901. 
 
 Calendars of Letter-Books, lettered A to H, a.d. 1275—1399. By 
 R. R. Sharpe, D.C.L. (A Calendar of Letter-Book I is in course of 
 preparation. ) 
 
 Memorials of Newgate Gaol and the Sessions House, Old Bailey. 
 By the same. 1907. 
 
 It does not seem to be generally known that the following 
 can be purchased at the prices annexed, application to be made to 
 the Guildhall Library Committee : — 
 
 Memorials of London, 10s. 6d. 
 Index Remembrancia, 5s. 
 London's Roll of Fame, 5s. 
 Calendar of Letters, 5s. 
 Calendar of Wills, 2 vols, 21. 2s. 
 London and the Kingdom, 3 vols., 10s. 6d. 
 
 Calendars of Letter-Books can be purchased only in complete 
 sets (9 vols. : the ninth in course of preparation) at 5s. a volume. 
 
 I can only express a hope that future years will show a more 
 extended list, and that the Corporation may be induced to open 
 up still further the vast stores of historical wealth they possess. 
 There surely can be little doubt that if works of the character 
 that could be produced were so published as to become known to 
 the general public, they could be made a commercial success. The 
 value attached to many of the works that have already been printed 
 by the Corporation is shown by the prices affixed to those that 
 occur at intervals in booksellers' catalogues. One has only to turn 
 over lists of this kind to see how popular is the story of our old 
 city. 
 
 On the 29th of January, 1853, Mr. Thoms announced in 
 ' N. & Q.' that " the Corporation of London Library is being 
 thrown open to all literary men ; the tickets of admission being 
 accompanied by letters expressive of a wish that the holders should 
 make frequent use of them." The Library, as is well known, is 
 full of valuable records, those of the various Companies being 
 specially interesting. Among those relating to the Stationers are 
 ' Orders, Rules, and Ordinances,' 1678, and another pamphlet, 
 ' The Charters and Grants, with an Account of their Freemen's 
 Rights and Privileges,' 1754. I cannot say too much of the kind- 
 ness I have received from the librarians at the Guildhall, who have 
 cheerfully made search to afford me the information I required. 
 They tell me that, so far as they remember as regards the histories 
 of Livery Companies, the earliest complete account is Heath's 
 ' History of the Grocers' Company,' 1829, if we except a short 
 account of the same Company by William Ravenhill, Clerk of the 
 Company, issued in 1689. There is a very elaborate history of the 
 
iSrOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 251 
 
 Goldsmiths' Company by the cousin of a well-known contributor 
 to ' N. & Q.,' Col. Prideaux. This is beautifully printed for private 
 circulation, and contains many illustrations. The title-page runs : 
 
 " Memorials of the Goldsmiths' Company, being Gleanings from 
 their Records between the Years 1335 and 1815. Compiled by Sir 
 Walter Sherburne Prideaux, Clerk of the Company. 2 vols." 
 
 The author in his preface modestly says that the work makes no 
 pretension to be an exhaustive history, but that he " has found 
 Herbert's History untrustworthy, and that many of his statements 
 have required verification and correction." It must be remembered 
 that when Herbert wrote his great work, there was not the easy 
 access to records we now enjoy. Herbert's book did for the Livery 
 Companies what Stow did for London. 
 
 Other works include Edward Basil Jupp's historical account 
 of the Carpenters, with illustrations by Fairholt, pubUshed by 
 Pickering 1848, and Humpherus's history of the Watermen in 
 four volumes, 1859. W. H. Black wrote about the Leathersellers. 
 This book, Ulie that of Humpherus, is scarce, and fetches 51. 15s. 
 Clode also wrote two works on the Merchant Taylors. This he 
 did to commemorate his mastership in 1873-4, he being the 574th 
 Master. 
 
 London has formed a topic of perennial interest in ' N. & Q.' 
 As early as the 6th of December, 1851, the question as to its ety- 
 mology was raised by M. C. E., to which Francis Crossley replied, 
 suggesting that the word is derived from the Celtic Luan, " the 
 moon," and dun, " a city on a hill." Thus Luandun would mean 
 " the city of the moon," i.e., of " the temple of the moon." Fuller's 
 ' Worthies ' was quoted by J. Eastwood : " That it was so termed 
 from Lan Dian, a temple of Diana, standing where now St. Paul's 
 doth." 
 
 Much is to be found as to the title and precedence of the Lord Mayor. 
 Lord Mayor. The precedence taken by him on public occasions His title, 
 is shown by the following extract from The Times of the 10th of 
 January, 1806. In giving an account of Nelson's funeral, which 
 had taken place at St. Paul's on the previous day, it stated :— 
 
 " The Procession entered at the Great Western Door of the Church, 
 according to the ceremonial which we have abeady given, as published 
 by the College of Arms, with this exception of the last publication 
 respecting the situation to be taken by the Lord Mayor m the Pro- 
 cessions both to the Church, and from the West door of the Cathedral 
 to the Choir. His Lordship was placed in the Processions, both in his 
 State Carriage and ia the Church, between his Royal Highness the 
 Prince of Wales, and the Herald of Arms, who preceded the Great 
 Banners, in obedience to a warrant under his Majesty's Royal Signet 
 and Sign Manual, bearing date the Qfi" instant, placing the Lord Mayor 
 in the same situation as if his Majesty had been personally present, 
 and published by the authority of the College of Arms on the 8* of 
 January." 
 
 His pre- 
 cedence at 
 Nelson's 
 funeral. 
 
^52 
 
 NOTES BY THE WaY. 
 
 Not a 
 
 Privy 
 
 Councillor. 
 
 Lord Mayor 
 Hunter. 
 
 Change in 
 
 date of the 
 
 Show. 
 
 Precedence 
 
 of members 
 
 for the City 
 
 in the House 
 
 of Commons. 
 
 Lord Mayor's 
 Laureate. 
 
 Hemoval of 
 Temple Bar. 
 
 That the Lord Mayor is not a Privy Councillor was, after a 
 somewhat warm discussion, settled on the 18th of February, 1854. 
 The Lord Mayor is summoned (as are the Sheriffs, Aldermen, 
 and a number of other notabilities, not Privy Councillors) to 
 attend a meeting on the demise of the crown for proclaiming the 
 new sovereign ; and it is mentioned that in The London Gazette 
 of the 20th of June, 1837, the names of the Privy Councillors are 
 given in one list, to the number of 83, and in another list the names 
 of the persons attending the meeting to the number of above 150, 
 amongst whom are the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, Aldermen, Common 
 Serjeant, City Solicitor, &c. Two of the contributors on the 
 subject had been among those summoned, although not members 
 of the Privy Council. 
 
 We have not had many Lord Mayors proud of their horse- 
 manship, but D. S. states on the 8th of December, 1855, that Sir 
 Claudius Stephen Hunter, who was Lord Mayor in 1811, was to be 
 seen every day displaying himself to his civic subjects, gracefully 
 disporting on a white horse. He was made the subject of the follow- 
 ing epigram : — 
 
 Hunter, Mayor. 
 An Emp'ror of Rome, who was famous for whim, 
 
 A consul his horse did declare : 
 The City of London, to imitate him. 
 Of a Hunter have made a Lord Mayor. 
 
 In reference to the change in the date of the Lord Mayor's 
 Show Mr. Robert Pierpoint, in a very interesting article on ' The 
 Birthday of George III. : Old v. New Style,' which appeared on 
 the 26th of August, 1905, quotes Toone's ' Chronological Historian ' 
 as his authority for saying that whereas before 1752 the Lord Mayors 
 of London were sworn in at Westminster on the 29th of October, 
 they were in 1752 and afterwards sworn in on the 9th of November. 
 
 The precedence of members for the City in the House of 
 Commons is referred to on the 14th of March, 1857, by J. G. Morten, 
 and the Editor quotes from May's ' Law and Practice of Parlia- 
 ment ' : — 
 
 " ' On the opening of a new Parliament, the members for the city 
 of London claim the privilege of sitting on the Treasury or Privy 
 Councillors' bench.' And in a note Mr. May adds : ' In 1628 a question 
 was raised, whether the members for the city of London were 
 " Knights " ; but there appears to have been no decision.' " 
 
 On September 7th, 1867, Mr. Jephson Huband Smith gives 
 the names of some who have held the oflBceof Lord Mayor's Laureate. 
 
 The removal of Temple Bar is the subject of a note on the 
 12th of January, 1878 ; and vanishing London forms the subject 
 for many a later note, as may be seen in the General Index to the 
 Ninth Series. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 253 
 
 The grants made by the Corporation for educational purposes Educational 
 from 1781 to 1905 include 361,000?. to the Citj of London School. Grants. 
 This school can now boast of having produced a Prime Minister, 
 Mr. Asquith. Two Chancellors of the Exchequer also received 
 their first education there. We old boys, from our back seats, 
 naturally feel proud that our school should be so distinguished. 
 Grants amounting to 11,000?. have also been made to the City 
 of London School for Girls. Over 24,000?. has been devoted to 
 technical education. On musical education, including the new 
 building on the Embankment, 121,000?. has been expended ; and 
 in addition the Royal College of Music has received 5,000?. 
 
 The grants to charitable purposes are allotted, as they should other 
 be, in a thoroughly catholic spirit, quite irrespective of creed. Grants. 
 Among the amounts devoted to public purposes were 27,000?. in 
 connexion with the reduction of the price of gas, and 6,255?. similarly 
 for water. Other sums include Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, 
 5,000?. ; a donation to the Imperial Institute, and contributions 
 to the Victoria Memorial Fund ; King Edward VII. 's Coronation 
 gift, 5,000?. ; the necklace presented to Princess Alexandra, 10,000?.; 
 the City of London Imperial Volunteer Fund for the equipment 
 of a volunteer battalion and its transport to South Africa, 25,000?. ; 
 and International Health Exhibition, 6,000?. Earlier amounts 
 include monuments to Chatham, 1780-83, 3,241?. ; Pitt, 1807-13, 
 4,078?.; Nelson, 1807-11, 4,442?.; and Wellington, 5,000?. The 
 total sum expended for charitable purposes amounts to 1,198,282?., 
 and for public purposes 203,441?. These sums are entirely apart 
 from the expenditure on improvements and public works. 
 
 One grant made by the Corporation in 1874 caused some fault- 1907, Aug. 2i. 
 
 finding, not among the donors, but among the receivers. The 
 members of the Congregational Church meeting in the Poultry 
 determined to sell the site of their old chapel, known as Poultry 
 Chapel, and obtained for it fifty thousand pounds. Half of this 
 amount was devoted to the purchase from the Corporation of the 
 site on the Holbom Viaduct upon which the City Temple now 
 stands, and the Corporation, to show their goodwill, voted the 
 sum of three hundred guineas in order that the pulpit might be 
 a present from the City. This handsome gift came as a pleasant 
 surprise to the then minister. Dr. Parker, who first saw an intima- 
 tion of it in the newspapers. Strange to say, no sooner did this 
 kindly act become known than a regular storm was raised, and 
 many Nonconformists solemnly asserted " that to accept money 
 from a corporation was a violation of the fundamental principles 
 of Nonconformity, and a denial of the spirituality of the Kingdom 
 of Heaven." The controversy in the denominational papers 
 lasted for weeks, and an uninformed reader would " have been led 
 to believe thfit the entire fabric of the Christian Church was in 
 
 City 
 Temple 
 Pulpit. 
 
254 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Newsvendors 
 and printers 
 institutions. 
 
 Dr. Parker, danger." Dr. Parker described it as the pettiest " of all the 
 petty controversies in which I have been called upon to take part " 
 (' Life of Dr. Parker,' by William Adamson, D.D.). 
 
 Apart from oifioial grants, charitable and provident institu- 
 tions have always received most valuable support from members 
 of the Corporation. Newsvendors and printers have special cause 
 for gratitude in this respect. With the Newsvendors' Institution 
 the City fathers have been associated since its foundation in 1839, 
 when Alderman Harmer became its first president, and from that 
 time the City has frequently been represented at its anniversaries, 
 and at the festival on October 22nd, 1907, the Lord Mayor, Sir 
 William Treloar, presided. The Printers' Pension Corporation, 
 founded in 1827, has always received strong City support, and on 
 ten occasions has had at its festivals the Lord Mayor in the chair. 
 At its festival in 1831 Sir John Key presided. It will be remembered 
 and the Duke what trouble he got into about the usual Lord Mayor's banquet, 
 of Wellington j^j^ which the King was to be present. Getting alarmed at the fear 
 of riots, he wrote to the Duke of WeUington to warn him that an 
 attempt was to be made upon his person on the occasion of the 
 King's visit. The Duke on this declined to attend, and the King 
 was advised also to refuse, which he did, much against his will, 
 as he had already determined to bring the Duke and Peel back in 
 his own carriage. The effect of the Lord Mayor's letter was that 
 
 " the Funds fell three per cent. ; the banquet was abandoned. Soldiers 
 were brought into the City, and the ditch of the Tower filled with water. 
 It was found that the panic was an exaggeration, and that the Ministry 
 had blundered." — ' The Life and Times of William IV.,' by Percy Fitz- 
 gerald. 
 
 Sir John Key 
 
 Report on 
 Coronation 
 privileges. 
 
 Charter of 
 Henry III. 
 
 Through the courtesy of the Remembrancer, Adrian Donald 
 Wilde Pollock, Esq., I have received a copy of the Report to the 
 Court of Aldermen from the committee of the whole Court in 
 relation to privileges at the Coronation celebration in 1902. The 
 Report contains historical notes, beginning with the Charter of 
 King John (9th of May, 1215). The citizens or " barons " of the 
 City of London were permitted to choose annually whom they would 
 to be their Mayor, subject to the proviso that he should be presented 
 to the King, or, in the King's absence, to his Justiciar, and sworn 
 to be faithful to the Crown. 
 
 The like grant was made by charter of Henry III., dated 
 February 18th, 1226/7 ; whilst by a later charter of the same king, 
 dated June 12th, 1253, it was provided, in the event of the king 
 being absent from Westminster, that the Mayor elect should be 
 presented to the Barons of the Exchequer, and by them be ad- 
 mitted (only), "but so, nevertheless, that at the next coming of 
 the King or his heirs to Westminster or London, he should be again 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 L'55 
 
 presented to the King or his heirs, and admitted as Mayor." For 
 the last 150 years the practice has been to inform the Lord Chan- 
 cellor of the election of a new Lord Mayor. 
 
 The City " in the King's hand " is also the subject of notes : 
 
 " Under the Plantagenets the City was oftentimes, and for little 
 or no justifiable cause, taken ' into the King's hand,' which meant 
 that the City was to be governed by nominees of the King instead of 
 by a Mayor and Sheriffs of the City's own choice." 
 
 In 1239 this happened because the City refused to admit to office 
 a nominee of the King for the Shrievalty, and the City remained 
 without a Mayor until the 13th of the following January. In 
 1243, 1244, 1247, 1249, and 1257 the same thing occurred for 
 short periods ; but the longest time that the City ever remained 
 in the King's hand was thirteen years, viz., from 1285 to 1298. 
 During this time it was governed by a Gustos or Warden and two 
 Bailiffs, appointed by the King, in the place of a Mayor and Sheriffs 
 elected by the citizens. 
 
 A full description of the Crystal Sceptre is given from Jevvitt and 
 St. John Hope's ' Corporation Plate and Insignia of Office,' ii. 94-6. 
 Of its age or history nothing is known, and it is possible that the 
 shaft may date from Saxon times. It is used only on such occa- 
 sions as a coronation, when it is carried by the Lord Mayor, and 
 at the annual election of the chief magistrate of the City, when 
 it is formally handed to the newly elected Lord Mayor by the 
 Chamberlain. 
 
 In reference to the proceedings of " The Court of Claims " 
 with respect to the presence of the Lord Mayor at the Coronation, 
 an extract is given from the Times report of the 15th of January, 
 1902. The Recorder quoted from various charters, and mentioned 
 among others the case of Henry VIII. on June 24th, 1509, when 
 the " Mayor of London, having the mace on the left hand, was in 
 immediate proximity to the Earl of Essex, the Great Chamberlain, 
 and the Earl Marshal." In fact, a place was assigned to the Lord 
 Mayor at every Coronation, until that of George IV. inclusive. 
 For some reason or other he was omitted from the last two Corona- 
 tions. " But," contended the Recorder, 
 
 " the omission of the Lord Mayor on those two occasions did not 
 curtail a right which had been exercised, without other intermission, 
 for certainly more than 400 years — probably a far longer time. The 
 Lord Mayor in those early days represented the commons of England, 
 in times long before the existence of a Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 The Lords Spiritual and Temporal were fully represented, but for 
 centuries there was no other appearance for the people at large than 
 jihat of the Lord Mayor." 
 
 ' In the 
 King's hand.' 
 
 The Crystal 
 Sceptre. 
 
 The Court 
 of Claims. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
256 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Chancellor's 
 
 judgment. 
 
 The 
 Coronation 
 luncheon. 
 
 Title of 
 
 " Lord " 
 
 Mayor 
 
 never 
 
 officially 
 
 conferred. 
 
 The Lord Chancellor in giving judgment said that 
 " the Court would report to His Majesty that it had been established 
 before them that the Lord Mayor had by usage a right, subject to His 
 Majesty's pleasure, to be present at the Coronation in the capacity 
 mentioned in the petition." 
 
 At the service in the Abbey on the 9th of August, 1902, when the 
 King's procession was formed, the Lord Mayor, carrying the Crystal 
 Sceptre, took his place on the left of Deputy Garter King of Arms 
 (Garter being too unwell to attend), and immediately in front of 
 the Lord Great Chamberlain, in exact conformity with ancient 
 usage, and so proceeded from the west door of the Abbey into the 
 choir. 
 
 The Report also furnishes an account of the ceremony on 
 the occasion of the Coronation luncheon on Saturday, the 25th of 
 October :— 
 
 " The Lord Mayor, wearing the scarlet and ermine Coronation 
 robe, and riding a black charger, left the Mansion House at 11 o'clock 
 A.M., accompanied by the Sheriffs (also mounted), with the City Marshal 
 in attendance." 
 
 The deputation of Aldermen and Common CouncUmen in carriages 
 proceeded to Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs 
 dismounted, and were received, with the other members of the 
 deputation, by three of the partners in Messrs. Child's Bank — 
 Mr. Hilton Price, Mr. J. Hall, and Mr. F. W. Fane. Shortly before 
 the arrival of the King, the Lord Mayor went and stood at the City 
 boundary, and surrendered the sword to the King, who returned it 
 " with a few gracious words. The Lord Mayor with obeisance retired, 
 and, mounting his horse, took his place in the procession immediately 
 in front of the King's personal escort, carrying the sword erect before 
 His Majesty." 
 
 At the luncheon no fewer than thirty-one representatives of the 
 press were present. 
 
 It is strange that while the Mayor of London takes such pre- 
 cedence on all State and public occasions, and signs the Accession 
 proclamation, yet the prefix " Lord " has never been officially 
 conferred. This has been shown by the researches made by Dr. 
 Sharpe at the time of the Coronation and since. Dr. Sharpe in 
 ' N. & Q.' for January 11th, 1908, says :— 
 
 " Mr. Beaven (no mean authority on such matters) and I are 
 agreed that the Mayor of London has only a prescriptive right to the 
 prefix ' Lord,' imhke the Mayors of Dublin and other places. The 
 charter of Edward III. (1354) permitting the Serjeants of the City to 
 bear gold or silver maces, with the royal arms or otherwise, is commonly 
 supposed to have incidentally conferred the title of ' Lord Mayor,' 
 and indeed was so reported in the City's statement to the Royal Com- 
 mission of 1893 (p. 7). 
 
 hand, 
 
 " Here are a few of my notes pn the subject thfkt I h?'Ve ready at 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 257 
 
 " I find that in the reign of Edward IV. the Mayor for the time is 
 recorded both as ' Mayor ' {tout simple) and as the ' honourable lord 
 the Maire ' (Journal 7, fos. 144 b, 146 b, 174, 181 b, 201 b, 212) ; also 
 as ' my lord the Maire ' (Journal 7, fo. 199 b). 
 
 " It is not until 1504 that I find ' my lorde Mayre ' (Repertory 1, 
 fo. 155 b), although there may be possibly an earher instance (if there 
 be one, it matters httle). Monoux, on his election, is recorded as 
 ' electe to be Maire,' and when in office as ' my lord Maire ' (Repertory 2, 
 fos. 196 b, 207 b)." 
 
 It is curious in connexion with this to note that until the 
 publication in The London Gazette of the 6th of December, 1905, 
 of a Royal Warrant directing that in future the Prime Minister 
 should have place and precedence after the Archbishop of York, 
 no place was assigned to the former in the tables of precedence. 
 
 It seems like going back to the Middle Ages to be reminded by 
 the article in The City Press that the present Fire Brigade has been 
 created since its first issue. In 1857 the fire insurance offices were 
 responsible for the brigade, which they worked under an old Act 
 of Parliament. The brigade was an amalgamation of a number 
 of smaller ones at the close of 1832, when that bravest of men, 
 James Braidwood, was appointed to the control. He was in 
 command when the old Houses of Parliament were reduced to 
 ashes, also at the conflagration which consumed the Royal Exchange, 
 as well as at the fire at the Tower. Many old readers of ' N. & Q.' 
 will recall the acclamations with which the crowds greeted him 
 when he drove up to take personal charge at a fire of unusual 
 magnitude. 
 
 I can well remember Braidwood's presence at a large fire next 
 door to The Athenceum office in Wellington Street. The building 
 was used for the manufacture of papier mache. It had large show- 
 rooms, the upper part in front being used as a residence. When 
 Braidwood arrived, he said to my father, " I am afraid this row 
 of houses, extending to York Street, will be down." Had this 
 happened, Mr. Bohn's valuable stock of books would have perished, 
 as his premises ran all along the back. The sky-lights of his 
 storeroom were already broken, and his porters were busy extin- 
 guishing the burning embers as they fell into the room. My father's 
 reply to Braidwood was, " Come with me." He took him to a 
 back room at the top of the house, full of Athenmum stock, and 
 said, " Bring your hose up the stairs, break this window away, 
 and play upon the fire from this point." This was done, and when 
 the fire was got under, Braidwood took my father by the hand and 
 said, " Carrying out your suggestion has saved your house and the 
 whole of this block." When my father had arranged about the 
 hose, he and a clerk quietly set to work to get together complete 
 sets of The Athenmum, and had them so placed as to be ready for 
 immediate removal. At this period (it was during the war in the 
 
 The Fire 
 Brigade. 
 
 James 
 Braidwood. 
 
 Mr. Bohn's 
 
 stock of books 
 
 in danger. 
 
 John 
 
 Francis's 
 anxiety as to 
 the stock of 
 
 The 
 Athenteum, 
 
258 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Death of 
 Braidwood. 
 
 Capt. Shaw 
 
 and 
 suspicious 
 
 fires. 
 
 Sampson 
 Low, jun., 
 and fire- 
 escapes. 
 
 The 
 Publishers' 
 Circular. 
 
 B. B. 
 
 Marston 
 editor. 
 
 Strength of 
 the Fire 
 Brigade. 
 
 Crimea) the fire engines were largely worked by volunteers from 
 the crowds assembled, and the men sang popular songs as they 
 pumped. When it was seen that the fire was being subdued they 
 would all join in ' Rule, Britannia,' closing with ' God save the 
 Queen,' amid hearty cheers, when the fire was extinguished. 
 
 All London mourned when Braidwood " died in action — as 
 such a man would wish to die " — ^in the great fire at Tooley Street 
 on the 22nd of June, 1861. 
 
 In the year following a Committee of the Commons reported 
 in favour of the formation of a brigade under the control of the 
 police ; but it was not untU the 1st of January, 1866, that the 
 establishment was transferred to the Board of Works, and shortly 
 afterwards Capt. Shaw, who succeeded Braidwood, drew up 
 statistics of fires in London from 1840 to 1866. In a review of 
 this work which appeared in The Athenceum of the 2nd of Novem- 
 ber, 1867, Capt. Shaw is quoted as making the startling statement 
 " that one-third, or more, of all the fires in London are regarded 
 by insurance offices and the Fire Brigade as involved in suspicion." 
 
 Capt. Shaw retired in 1901, and in the same year he received 
 the honour of K.C.B. On his retirement the fire insurance com- 
 panies presented him with a splendid silver service. He died on 
 Tuesday, the 25th of August, 1908, in the seventy-ninth year of 
 his age. 
 
 When the Metropolitan Fire Brigade was formed the fire-escape 
 system was included. This had previously been a matter of 
 private enterprise, Mr. Sampson Low, jun., of the well-known 
 publishing firm of Sampson Low, Son & Marston, being one of its 
 chief promoters. It was whoUy supported by public subscriptions, 
 and it was only after Low had bestowed years of labour upon it that 
 it was brought to the high state of efiiciency in which it was handed 
 over to the Board of Works. Low died on the 5th of March, 1871. 
 His father, who survived him until the 16th of April, 1886, founded 
 The Publishers' Circular in 1837, and in its thousandth number 
 (May 16th, 1879) he gave a short account of its history. It is now 
 edited by my friend Mr. R. B. Marston. 
 
 Through the kindness of Mr. G. Laurence Gomme, the Clerk 
 of the London County Council, I am able to give some particulars 
 as to the strength of the London Fire Brigade in 1907. The number 
 of the staff is 1,390, 980 being firemen. The material includes 
 78 land fire stations, 3 fioating stations, 77 land steam fire engines, 
 5 motor engines, 10 manual engines, 49| miles of hose, 1,246 fire 
 alarms, and many other appHances. The fire-escape arrangements 
 include 15 hand-fire-escape stations in the streets, 73 horsed 
 escapes, 2 motor escapes, and 115 manual escapes. The number 
 of slight fires during 1906 was above the average of the previous 
 four years, but the serious fires were only 65, against 76 in 1902. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 259 
 
 Among the writers of congratulations received by The City Sir Andrew 
 Press we find the City's grand old man Sir Andrew Lusk, firmly Lusk. 
 convinced that the Corporation " occupies to-day a stronger 
 position than ever in the affections of the public " ; and Mr. C. T. 
 Todd, the father of the Corporation, who became a member in the 
 year that the paper was established. (Mr. Todd died on Monday, 
 the 27th of July, 1908, in his ninetieth year.) Another con- 
 gratulator is Mr. Walter Wellsman, whose Diamond Jubilee editor- 
 ship of ' Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory ' has already been 
 celebrated (see ante, pp. 192-6). Mr. G. L. Gomme also sends a 
 graceful tribute. 
 
 Mr. Firth once described The City Press as " the hired bravo 
 of the Corporation." That this description was incorrect 
 its entire history proves. Sir William Soulsby well says sir William 
 of it that " loyalty to the ancient traditions of the City Soulsby. 
 has not prevented its being a dispassionate critic." During fifty 
 years it has been a complete mirror of City life. Its present editor 
 is Mr. George Rooke CoUingridge, while the other members of the 
 firm are the sons of the founder, and a nephew, Mr. Leonard Thomas 
 CoUingridge. The paper is valuable for its antiquarian articles 
 and City lore, and a glance at recent numbers shows that it is 
 intended that The City Press shall Uve up to its old traditions, and 
 retain the honourably independent position it has always held in 
 the English press. May it not only celebrate its Diamond Jubilee, 
 but also be equally prosperous when it shall celebrate its Centenary ! 
 
 B 2 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 HODGSON AND SONS — PUTTICK AND SIMPSON — ' THE 
 BOOKSELLER.' 
 
 1907, Sept. 28, 
 
 Hodgson & 
 
 Sons, 1807- 
 
 1907. 
 
 File of 
 catalogues. 
 
 The First 
 
 Folio; large 
 
 advance in 
 
 price. 
 
 Saunders's 
 rooms. 
 
 HODGSON & SONS (1807-1907). 
 
 No more interesting celebration has been held in the commercial 
 book-world than that which took place on September 27th, 1907, 
 at the house of the Hodgsons, the weU-known book-auctioneers 
 in Chancery Lane, when friends met to commemorate the centenary 
 of the founding of the business. The Hodgson firm has been 
 entirely a family one since 1828, a fact almost unique in the history 
 of the book-trade. 
 
 In the little budget of history presented to each guest at the 
 celebration dinner a short history of the firm and its founders is 
 given. With the exception of Robert Saunders, who began the busi- 
 ness, the members of the firm have been Hodgsons ; and among 
 the valuable records possessed by them is a complete file of cata- 
 logues (with the exception of a single year) of all the sales they have 
 held, priced throughout. How interesting it would be to make 
 a selection from the entries, say, of the first fifty years, and place 
 against the amounts then obtained the prices realized in the present 
 day ! As readers of ' N. & Q.' know ^^'ell, there has been a large 
 advance almost all round. Especially has this been the case with 
 the First Folio Shakespeare. In the booklet is quoted Dibdin's 
 remark as to the sum obtained (121Z. 16s.) in 1812 : " The highest 
 price ever given, or likely to be given, for the book" ; yet, as will be 
 remembered, 3,600/!. has recently been paid for a copy, and Messrs. 
 Hodgson rightly remark that " he would be a bold man who would 
 say, even now, that the highest limit has been reached." 
 
 How diSerent were the prices obtained when Lilly, of King 
 Street, Covent Garden, was wont to pride himself on having the 
 largest collection of early Shakespeares of any bookseller ! 
 
 Saunders's first rooms were at 14, Old Compton Street ; but 
 in May, 1808, he moved to 39, Fleet Street, formerly the site of 
 " The Mitre Tavern," and exactly opposite the old church of St. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 261 
 
 Dunstan, where crowds constantly collected, as my father has often 
 told me, to see the two life-size savage figures strike the hour. 
 These were bought by Lord Hertford when the church was pulled 
 down in 1830. He named his house in Regent's Park St. Dunstan's 
 after the church in Fleet Street. The first Lord Aldenham bought 
 the house in 1856. He died on the 13th of September, 1907. 
 
 The first sale of importance at the Fleet Street house was that 
 of the hbrary of John Mac Diarmid, author of ' The Lives of British 
 Statesmen.' This was followed by the dispersal of many other 
 private collections ; but the most important of all was the David 
 Garrick Sale, the books being removed for the purpose from his 
 villa at Hampton and his house in Adelphi Terrace. The sale 
 began on Shakespeare's birthday, 1823, and lasted ten days. Among 
 the lots was a copy of Hogarth's works which fetched lOOl. It 
 is curious to relate that a few of the books then sold were again sold 
 by the Hodgson firm as recently as February, 1902. 
 
 On Lady Day, 1829, Messrs. Hoare the bankers, requiring to 
 extend their premises, bought 39, Fleet Street, and the Hodgson 
 firm found a new home at 192, Fleet Street, at the east corner of 
 Chancery Lane. 
 
 A few months before this, Mr. Saunders retired from the firm, 
 and Mr. Edmund Hodgson, the grandfather of the present active 
 partners, undertook the entire control. 
 
 The week of the Hodgson Centenary was notable for two 
 other celebrations, although of a very different character. The 
 proceedings in connexion with the Centenary of the Geological 
 Society began on Thursday, September 26th, when the President, 
 Sir Archibald Geikie, gave a discourse on ' The State of Geology 
 at the Time of the Foundation of the Society ' ; while the preceding 
 day, the 25th of September, was the Jubilee of the relief of Luck- 
 now, the statue of Havelock in Trafalgar Square being decorated in 
 honour of the occasion. 
 
 The Hodgsons are naturally full of book-auction lore, and 
 Mr. Sidney Hodgson teUs us that the first book-auction of which 
 there is a catalogue was in 1676, when William Cooper, a book- 
 seller, sold the library of Dr. Lazarus Seaman, Master of Peterhouse, 
 who died in 1675. Dr. Seaman's Catalogue is entitled " Catalogus 
 Variorum et Insiginum Librorum instructissimse Bibliothecae 
 Clarissimi Doctissimique Viri Lazari Seaman, S. T. D. Quorum 
 Auctio habebitur Londini in sedibus Defuncti in Area et Viculo 
 Warwicensi, Octobris ultimo. Cura Gulielmi Cooper, Bibliopolae. 
 1676. 4to, pp. 137." Dr. Seaman's residence was in Warwick 
 Court, Warwick Lane. In the Preface to the Reader the auctioneer 
 says : — 
 
 " It hath not been usual here in England to make Sale of Books 
 by way of Auction, or who will give most for them; but it having been 
 practised in other countries to the advantage both of buyers and sellers. 
 
 Library of 
 
 John Mac 
 
 Diarmid. 
 
 Garriok's 
 library. 
 
 1907, Oct. 5. 
 
 Centenary of 
 
 the 
 
 Geological 
 
 Society. 
 
 Jubilee of the 
 
 relief of 
 
 Luokuow. 
 
 Mr. Sidney 
 Hodgson. 
 
 Library of 
 
 Dr. Lazarus 
 
 Seaman. 
 
^62 
 
 Notes by the way. 
 
 Samuel 
 Baker. 
 
 John 
 Sotheby 
 
 Samuel 
 Sotheby. 
 
 Edward Grose 
 Hodge. 
 
 Sidney 
 
 Hodgson's 
 
 compliment 
 
 to Sothebys. 
 
 Conditions of 
 sale in 1807. 
 
 it was therefore conceived (for the encouragement of learning) to 
 publish the sale of these books this manner of way ; and it is hoped 
 that this will not be unacceptable to scholars ; and therefore we 
 thought it convenient to give an Advertisement concerning the manner 
 of proceeding therein." 
 
 Many other particulars relating to the earliest book-auctions in 
 England will be found in ' N. & Q.' at 2 S. xi. 463 ; 5 S. xii. 95, 211, 
 411 ; 6 S. ii. 297, 417 ; 9 S. vi. 86, 156. 
 
 It was nearly a century after the dispersal of Dr. Seaman's 
 library when the first saleroom in this country devoted exclusively 
 to books, manuscripts, and prirfts was founded by Mr. Samuel 
 Baker at York Street, Covent Garden, in 1774. About the same 
 time he took George Leigh into partnership, and from 1775 to 1777 
 the firm was styled S. Baker & G. Leigh. After Baker's death in 
 1778 Leigh carried on the business alone ; but from 1780 to 1800 
 John Sotheby, Baker's nephew, was associated with Leigh, the 
 firm being known as Leigh & Sotheby. In 1800 John Sotheby's 
 nephew Samuel joined it, and until the death of Leigh in 1816 the 
 firm carried on their business at 145, Strand. John Sotheby died 
 in 1807, the year in which Hodgson's firm was founded ; and on 
 Leigh's death, eight years later, Samuel continued the business 
 by himself, moving to 3, Waterloo Street (now named Wellington 
 Street), Strand, about 1817. Soon afterwards he took his son 
 Leigh into partnership, and in 1826 Sotheby & Son printed a 
 catalogue of the collections sold by Baker, Leigh, and Sotheby 
 from 1724 to 1826. A set of the original catalogues, with the 
 purchasers' names and prices, is in the British Museum. Samuel 
 Sotheby conducted the dispersal of many famous libraries. He 
 retired in 1827, and died at Chelsea on the 4th of January, 1842, 
 in his seventy-first year. An obituary notice of Mr. Edward 
 Grose Hodge, who had succeeded to the business on the death of 
 Mr. John Wilkinson, appeared in The Athenaeum of the 1st of June, 
 1907. The business is now under the entire control of his son, 
 Mr. Tom Hodge, and is, as is well known, styled Sotheby, Wilkinson 
 & Hodge. 
 
 It is pleasing to note the compliment to Sothebys paid by Mr. 
 Sidney Hodgson in his interview with the representative of The 
 Daily Telegraph : "In recent years the whole of the book-auction- 
 eering trade has been confined to three or four London houses, 
 of which, as every one knows, Messrs. Sotheby are at the head." 
 Mr. Hodgson is keen in his search for rarities, and among his finds 
 was a book in a library in Yorkshire which had been regarded as 
 of no value, but fetched 470L 
 
 The conditions of sale were virtually the same in 1807 as they 
 are now, and may be said to be identical with those originally 
 adopted by the earliest book-auctioneers at the end of the seven- 
 teenth century. For the first few years in Hodgson's history the 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 263 
 
 Sale of the 
 
 library of the 
 
 College of 
 
 Advocates. 
 
 sales usually took place at eleven in the morning, or half -past 
 five in the evening, whereas one o'clock is now the invariable rule. 
 In accordance with the more leisurely methods of the period, not 
 more than about 150 lots were offered on each occasion in the 
 earlier catalogues — a number which has increased latterly to an 
 average of 330. The sales now seldom occupy more than two hours 
 and a half, though the number of buyers has, of course, largely 
 increased, averaging nearly one hundred at each sale. 
 
 From a legal point of view the sale of the library of the College 
 of Advocates was perhaps the most remarkable. Messrs. Hodgson 
 began it on the 22nd of April, 1861, and it was continued during 
 the seven following days, 2,456 lots being sold. These included 
 an unusually extensive collection of the works of well-known writers, 
 both English and foreign, on civil, canon, and ecclesiastical law 
 from the earliest time, as well as many manuscripts of great interest. 
 
 Among many valuable records possessed by the Hodgsons 1907, Oct. 12. 
 are the catalogues of the trade sales conducted by them, and as Trade sales, 
 these comprised almost all the chief sales, they form a most inter- 
 esting chapter in the history of bookselling in England. The}'' were 
 not reaUy public sales ; they were usually held at " The Albion " 
 Tavern (a landmark which has only recently disappeared), and 
 were attended, on invitation, by the trade. The books were offered 
 at reduced or " Hberal " prices rather than sold by auction. Many 
 hundreds of these trade sales were held, but they virtually ceased 
 some twenty years ago. I think I am right in stating that the last 
 was that of the Bentleys, whose house in Burlington Street was 
 fuU of literary relics and reminiscences of the choicest kind. 
 One trade sale conducted by Mr. Edmund Hodgson was of 
 worldwide interest, being that of the entire stock and copyrights Sale of Scott 
 of the life and works of Sir Walter Scott. This took place at the copyrights. 
 London Coffee-House on Wednesday, the 26th of March, 1851. In 
 ' John Francis,' voi. i. pp. 505-7, the following is quoted from The 
 Athenceum of March 29th : — 
 
 " The stock had been valued at 10,109Z. 3s. — a very low figure 
 indeed : but the matter was open to reference afterwards. The two 
 things must be sold as one : the purchaser of the copyright must take 
 the stock. At length 5,000?. was offered, followed up by 5,500Z. : and 
 so on the biddings went by jumps of 500?. at a time till the figure had 
 reached 10,000?. In this stage of the contest fresh questions began to 
 arise : ' Were Mr. Cadell's trustees bidders on this occasion ? ' ' Was 
 there a reserved price ? ' ' Yes,' it was answered ; ' they retain — and 
 perhaps will exercise — the right of bidding.' Then followed another 
 500?. leap, Mr. Bohn and the Row retiring, and the struggle lying 
 between Mr. Virtue and some imaginary bidder to be seen only by the 
 eyes of the auctioneer. At 13,600?. Mr. Virtue gave way ; and after a 
 farther rivalry the hammer sounded, and the copyrights were ' bought 
 in ' at 15,000?., making the figure, including the stock, 25,109?. 3s." 
 
264 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Transferred 
 
 to A. & 0. 
 
 Black. 
 
 Hodgson's 
 commemora- 
 tive booklet. 
 
 Authors in 
 1807. 
 
 Booksellers in 
 1807. 
 
 John Marray. 
 
 Joseph 
 Batterworth, 
 
 The 
 Rivingtons. 
 
 On the follo-vving 10th of May The Athenceum states, on the 
 authority of The Scotsman, that the whole of the copyrights, stock, 
 &c., of Scott's works have been transferred to Messrs. A. & C. Black. 
 
 Messrs. Hodgson in their commemorative booklet remind us 
 that when their firm was founded many authors who have since 
 taken their place 
 
 " in the highest realms of literature had not yet been given to the world I 
 Sheridan, Blake, Scott, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Lander, Lamb, De 
 Quinoey, and Jane Austen — to mention only the more famous authors 
 living in 1807 — had but recently produced, or indeed were actually 
 writing, those works which were to earn for them immortal fame. 
 B5rron, Shelley, Keats, Carlyle, Maoaulay, and Borrow were then in 
 early youth or childhood, while the great Victorian writers — Fitz- 
 Gerald, Tennyson, Browning, Ruskin, Thackeray, Dickens, and the 
 Brontes — were not yet bom. In the world of art and book illustration 
 Bartolozzi, Rowlandson, Gillray, Turner, Stothard and Smirke were 
 producing those illustrations which have never since ceased to interest 
 or charm, and some of which are now valued by the coUeotor at many 
 times the prices obtained in 1807." 
 
 Cruikshank was then only fifteen years of age. 
 
 A glance at a few of the London pubUshing houses of that date 
 shows us Thomas Norton Longman the third, reigning at " The 
 Black Swan " and " The Ship " in Paternoster Row, his firm, 
 in addition to publishing, then engaging extensively in the old-book 
 trade. A near neighbour of Edmund Hodgson, at 32, Fleet Street, 
 was " a very excellent and gentlemanly man — albeit a bookseller," 
 and one of whom Scott wrote as " a young bookseller of capital 
 and enterprise, and with more good sense and propriety of senti- 
 ment than fall to the share of most of the trade." 
 
 This very excellent and gentlemanly man was John Murray 
 the first, then twenty-five years of age. He had married the year 
 previously Miss Elliot of Edinburgh, and among his pubUcations 
 was Scott's new poem ' Marmion,' of which he held a fourth share, 
 which had been offered to him by Constable. Another near neigh- 
 bour of Hodgson, at 43, Fleet Street, was Joseph Butterworth, 
 the extensive publisher of law-books, and one of the founders 
 of the British and Foreign Bible Society. It is curious to note 
 that, in the old catalogues of the Hodgsons, solicitors whose libraries 
 were sold anonymously were invariably described as " respectable " 
 — a practice which was discontinued about 1852, when the epithet 
 " eminent " was generally adopted. Another firm of the time 
 was the Rivingtons. In 1807 this was represented by Francis 
 and Charles, the grandsons of the original founder ; they had not 
 then moved into the handsome premises they occupied for many 
 years at 3, Waterloo Place, opposite Smith & Elder's. James 
 Nisbet, the founder of the Berners Street firm, came two years 
 later (1809) ; he rigidly excluded every publication that was not 
 of a religious character. 
 
NOTES BY TiSE WaY. 
 
 265 
 
 Mr. Sidney Hodgson rightly considers that the avidity with 
 which Americans snap up book rarities is largely responsible for 
 the advance in price of choice works in Enghsh Uterature. Well 
 can I remember, as far back as 1854, the large purchases made by 
 them, both for their own private Ubraries and for the purposes of 
 sale. British booklovers were slow to recognize this, and many 
 a choice treasure, which should have found its home either in the 
 private libraries of the wealthy or in the British Museum, got 
 shipped off to the United States. Although we may lament this, 
 we can at the same time feel proud that the literature of the old 
 home is so highly valued by our relatives across the sea. 
 
 I have been comparing prices, and, thanks to my friend, Mr- 
 Francis Edwards, I am able to quote a few. I have taken the 
 catalogue of Messrs. Willis & Sotheran of 1862 (in the compilation 
 of which Mr. Charles Edmonds, as Mr. Henry Cecil Sotheran informs 
 me, took an important share), and compared the prices with those 
 in Mr. J. H. Slater's invaluable ' Book-Prices Current,' 1905-6. 
 The conditions of the works are as nearly as possible the same ; 
 the first price quoted is that of 1862, and the second that of 1905-6. 
 
 A fine copy of the First Folio, 1623, the text perfect, but the 
 letterpress title and verses in admirable facsimile, 531. ; a copy 
 sold in June, 1906, wanting title, portrait, and verses opposite, 
 and other defects, not subject to return, 24:51. A Second Folio, 
 a good sound copy, 181. ; an inferior copy, March, 1906, 401. 
 
 As regards the original Quarto editions of Shakespeare's 
 works, only two copies of the first separate edition of ' Hamlet ' 
 are known, so that it lies quite beyond the reach of money. The 
 rise in Shakespeare Quartos is well illustrated by ' Henry IV. 
 (Part I.)' This fetched at the Steevens Sale 31. 10s., and at the 
 Roxburghe Sale 61. 6s. In 1856 it realized 211. 10s. ; and in the 
 following year the Halliwell copy commanded 75Z. In the sixties 
 Mr. George Daniell valued his copy at 200?. ; and if a fine example 
 occiirred for sale at the present period, it would probably fetch 
 that sum. 
 
 The best Quarto edition of ' Henry V.' is that issued ia 1608. 
 At the dispersal of Steevens's hbrary a copy was knocked down 
 for the insignificant sum of a guinea, but a hundred times that amount 
 might fail to secure a fine example to-day. But the rise in value 
 is shown in a far more marked degree in the case of ' Henry IV. 
 (Part II.).' This was first published in 1600, by Andrew Wise 
 and WUHam Aspley. About a century ago copies could be bought 
 in the saleroom for 21. or 31. ; but in 1904 an example was put up 
 at Sotheby's, and the bidding only ceased when the sum of 1,035?. 
 had been reached. 
 
 Ackermann's ' London,' 1811, 21. 12s. 6d. and 19?. 
 
 BoydeU's ' Thames,' 1794-6, 31. 3s. and IIZ. 10s. 
 
 The 
 
 Americans 
 
 snap up 
 
 rarities. 
 
 Mr. Francis 
 Edwards. 
 
 Henry Cecil 
 Sotheran. 
 
 Cheap 
 
 Shakespeare 
 
 Folios. 
 
 Quartos. 
 
 'Henry V.' 
 1608. 
 
 Prices 
 compared. 
 
266 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY, 
 
 Lamb's 
 
 ' Rosamund 
 
 Gray.' 
 
 Edmund 
 Hodgson. 
 
 Aiken's ' National Sports,' 1823, 36s. and 36Z. 
 
 Ainsworth's 'Jack Sheppard,' 3 vols., 1839, 10s. Gd. and 
 8L 17s. Qd. ' Miser's Daughter,' 3 vols., 1842, 10s. 6d. and 51. 6s. 
 
 A fall in price has taken place with BiUings's ' Baronial Anti- 
 quities,' 4 vols., 4to, Ql. 6s. and 21. 6s. 
 
 Borrow's ' The Romany Rye,' 2 vols., 1857, 8s. 6d. and SI. 
 
 The first edition of Burton's ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 1621, 
 original stamped calf, a fine copy, 21. 12s. ; the same in old veUum, 
 40Z. 
 
 A few Cruikshank notes show the following results : ' My 
 Sketch-Book,' 8 parts, 1834, 16s. ; 9 parts complete, 9L ' Table- 
 Book,' 1845, 12s. and 31. Us. 
 
 Under Dante I find the rare Aldine edition, 1502, 11. 5s. and 11. 
 
 The Christmas Books of Dickens, 5 vols., 15s. Gd. ; a set con- 
 taining the two issues of ' The Battle of Life,' 81. 15s. ' Sketches 
 by Boz,' 3 vols., cloth, 1837, 15s. and 20L 'Memoirs of Gri- 
 maldi,' 2 vols., 1838, 8s. 6d. and 21. 15s. ' Oliver Twist,' 3 vols., 
 1838, 14s. and 2M 8s. 
 
 Pierce Egan's ' Life in London,' 9s. and 41. 16s. 
 
 Under Thackeray I note ' Vanity Fair,' 1848, 11. Is. and 61. 6s. 
 ' Esmond,' 3 vols., 1852, 16s. and 3^. 6s. 
 
 The most wonderful increase in price of aU has been in the first 
 edition of Lamb's ' Rosamund Gray,' 1798, from 3s. to 1221. 
 
 Edmund Hodgson's ancestors belonged to Dent Dale, where 
 they ranked as " Statesmen." A great manyHodgsons are buried 
 in Dent Churchyard. An excellent likeness of Edmund Hodgson 
 is given in the commemorative booklet. His calm, earnest face 
 is brought vividly to me as I remember him when he used to sell 
 under the stationer's shop in the corner of Chancery Lane. The 
 room, or rather cellar, was dark and gloomy, but Edmund Hodgson 
 with his genial, pleasant manners, made buyers forget this. Very 
 different was it from the present handsome room at 115, Chancery 
 Lane, where the auctions are now held. A notice at the corner 
 of Chancery Lane still indicates the position of the former premises. 
 
 Haygarth Taylor Hodgson, the father of Edmund, was also 
 a bookseller and stationer at Great Marylebone Street, where he 
 had a British and Foreign Library. It is curious to read in his 
 circular : " Improved portable pens, warranted cut by hand with 
 a knife." 
 
 Edmund Hodgson was one of those who took a leading part 
 in the foundation of the Booksellers' Provident Institution, which 
 to-day has much extended its usefulness, thanks to the time and care 
 bestowed upon it by its President, Mr. Charles James Longman. 
 When he retired the business passed into the charge of his two 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 26? 
 
 Henry Hill 
 Hodgson. 
 
 1907, Oct. 19. 
 
 Elim Chapel, 
 Fetter Lane. 
 
 sons, Barnard and Henry Hill. In 1871 Barnard also retired, 
 and the latter had entire control until 1900, when he handed over 
 the active management to his sons, John Edmund and Sidney. 
 Henry Hill Hodgson still takes active interest in aU trade matters, 
 and was in 1907 Master of the Stationers' Company. There is an 
 excellent Ukeness of him in the booklet, as well as an illustration 
 of the room in which the sales are now held. Honourable reference 
 is made to those employed by the firm, a note as to their services 
 bringing the interesting booklet to a close. 
 
 ELIM CHAPEL, FETTER LANE. 
 
 Fetter Lane and Bream's Buildings in former times, with 
 their old courts and alleys, were well supplied with churches and 
 chapels, and the fire of Monday, the 2nd of September, 1907, 
 showed that the Baptists must be added to the list. The Baptist 
 Times of September 13th contains an interesting account of "Elim," 
 the old Baptist chapel, gutted in the fire. It was buUt in 1790 
 as a General Baptist chapel, but the church worshipping in it was 
 founded some years earlier by the Rev. John Green, a Calvinistic 
 clergyman, one of Whitefield's friends, who died in 1773. Among 
 its ministers was Ebenezer Smith, at one time assistant to Dr. 
 Gifford at Eagle Street Chapel. However, he had to leave Eagle 
 Street because he gave up his belief in the doctrine of the Trinity. 
 For a time he held services in a chapel in Oxford Street. Then he 
 removed to Elim Chapel in Fetter Lane. Towards the middle 
 of the nineteenth century the church became extinct, and the 
 chapel passed into the hands of the Methodists. They, too, found 
 it impossible to carry it on successfully, and for some years it had 
 not been used for public worship : — 
 
 " In clearing away the debris of the fire, a curious tank was dis- 
 covered, which was evidently the old baptistery. It was of brick, 
 cemented over, and was a little more than six feet square, with a depth 
 of five feet. There were no steps outside or inside, but at one end was 
 a small arch, leading into a smaller tank, the purpose of which is not 
 clear. The architect suggested that perhaps the officiating minister 
 stood in the smaller tank, or that it was connected with a spring from 
 which the baptistery was filled. At one side some steps had been cut 
 down into the basement of the chapel, but these were evidently a later 
 addition, as, with such an opening, the tank would not have held any 
 water. From the curious shape of the baptistery the architect sup- 
 posed that the candidate must have stood or knelt in the water, the 
 minister simply bending the head so as to secure complete immersion." 
 
 PUTTICK & SIMPSON. 
 In ' Book-Prices Current ' for 1907 Mr. Slater records that i907, Nov. 9. 
 31,822 lots were disposed of between October 9th, 1906, and July Slater's 
 27th, 1907, and the amount realized was I33,933Z. 195. For the 
 sale of these only four firms of auctioneers were employed : Sotheby's 
 
 Old baptistery 
 found. 
 
 Book-Prices 
 Current.' 
 
268 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Fell Puttick 
 
 and William 
 
 Simpson. 
 
 Sale of 
 violins. 
 
 Copyrights 
 
 of 
 
 Cramer & Co. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 Square. 
 
 Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Important 
 sales. 
 
 Hodgson's, Christie's, and Puttick & Simpson's. Of the first three 
 much has been written ; but little has been said as to the last, so 
 that I think the following notes may prove of interest. 
 
 The firm was founded by Mr. Stewart in 1794, just twenty 
 years later than Sotheby's ; but while Sotheby's sales were confined 
 to books, Mr. Stewart conducted his business as a general auctioneer. 
 There were also periodical sales of wines, many of the wines being 
 of the choicest kind. In 1825 Stewart took Benjamin Wheatley, 
 a member of the staff at Sotheby's, and Mr. Adlard, a son of the 
 printer of that name, into partnership. After several changes the 
 firm came into the hands of Fell Puttick and WiUiam Simpson, 
 who abandoned the plan of promiscuous sales, and devoted much 
 attention to the sales of musical instruments and copyrights. 
 In this line the firm has a worldwide reputation, and those who 
 seek a violin by Stradivarius or other historic maker watch for a 
 sale at the great house in Leicester Square. In reference to such 
 sales The Publishers^ Circular, in an article on the Centenary of the 
 firm, on the 5th of March, 1894, stated : — 
 
 "As early as 1846, in the collection of Frangois Cramer, a Joseph 
 Guarnerius violin sold for 66Z., an Andrew Guamerius for 251., and a 
 Nicolo Amati for 251. ; but these figures have been left behind since 
 then in the dim distance. Curiously enough, in 1883, four violins 
 and a violoncello, dated between 1687 and 1739, by Stradivari and 
 others, made 1,6152., against 612Z. for the intervening hbrary of a 
 gentleman. The violin by Stradivari headed this list by 500Z., but in 
 1893 one completely beat the record by fetching 860Z." 
 
 In 1871 Messrs. Puttick & Simpson sold the music plates and 
 copyrights of Cramer & Co., which brought a total of 35,000Z. 
 
 In 1859, after having been in Piccadilly for sixty- three years, 
 the firm moved to their present quarters, 47, Leicester Square — 
 the house in which, as Mr. Beresford Chancellor reminds us in his 
 valuable work on the squares of London, Sir Joshua Reynolds 
 went to live in the summer of 1760, " being then thirty-six and 
 at the height of his fame." This he took on a forty-seven years' 
 lease, for which he gave 1,650Z. He lived there untU his death, 
 which took place on the 23rd of February, 1792. On the 29th the 
 body was removed to Somerset House, then the home of the Royal 
 Academy ; and on the 3rd of March it was borne to St. Paul's, 
 the funeral procession being of such length that when the first 
 carriage reached the Cathedral the last was leaving Somerset House. 
 While the other houses in Leicester Square have been rebuilt out 
 of aU recognition, Mr. Chancellor states that the front of Reynolds's 
 house remains virtually the same. 
 
 In the year in which Puttick & Simpson moved to Leicester 
 Square they sold the famous Dawson Turner Collection. This 
 included the catalogue of Dr. Seaman's library. Other important 
 book-sales included the Emperor Maximilian's Mexican library in 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 269 
 
 1869, which realized 3,985^. ; books from William Penn's library ; 
 and the stock of John Camden Hotten, the pubhsher, 3,751Z. 
 The greatest of all, however, was the Sunderland Library in 1881-3, 
 which brought 60,000L 
 
 To the influence of Fell Puttick is due the unique position 
 the firm occupies in reference to all sales connected with the world 
 of music. He was a great friend of Costa, and for years occupied 
 the position of honorary secretary of the Sacred Harmonic Society. 
 His charm of manner endeared him to all its members, and he 
 caused many a full band rehearsal to be held in his auction-room 
 in the Square, under the leadership of the beloved conductor. 
 Sir Michael Costa. Sunday morning was Costa's favourite time 
 for rehearsing the principals, and he was often heard to praise 
 the fine acoustic properties of the old rooms, which have been still 
 further improved in the rebuilding by the addition of a domed 
 ceiling. 
 
 EARL HOWE'S SHAKESPEARE QUARTOS AND FOLIOS. 
 
 At the sale at Sotheby's on Saturday, December 21st, 1907, 
 a placard in the auction-room announced that the twenty-eight 
 Quartos had been sold privately en bloc, but the purchaser (the 
 secret of whose name is well retained, Mr. Tom Hodge being both 
 deaf and dumb when asked to reveal it) had instructed the auc- 
 tioneers to offer, on his account, fourteen of these to public auction. 
 The following particulars are taken from The Daily Telegraph 
 of December 23rd : — 
 
 "The first Quarto submitted was the fourth edition (1611) of 
 ' Hamlet,' no copy of which has apparently been at auction since the 
 iSl. specimen in the Tite Sale, 1874. After a longish duel, Mr. Sotheran 
 had the call on Mr. Quaritch at 4001. As it turned out, this re.ult 
 formed a precedent for the fate of thirteen out of the fourteen Quartos. 
 Mr. Sotheran only once being defeated. The single exception was in 
 the case of the 1631 ' Love's Labour 's Lost,' the second edition of the 
 Quarto, a copy of which brought half a guinea in the Heber Sale. 
 The Howe specimen now realized 2011. (Quaritch). The other Quartos 
 falling to Mr. Sotheran were 'Hamlet' (1637), 60Z. ; 'Henry IV., 
 Part I.' (1632), 661. ; ' Henry V.' (1608), 104Z. ; ' Henry VI., Parts II. 
 and IIL' (1619), 1202.; 'King John' (1622), 601.; 'Richard III.' 
 (1629), 1152. ; ditto (1634), 681. ; 'Merry Wives of Windsor' (1619), 
 1602.; 'Pericles' (1619), 65Z. ; 'Romeo and Juliet' (1637), 40Z. ; 
 and ' Romeo and Juliet ' (1599), 1652. The Perkins copy of the last 
 made 1642. in 1889. 
 
 " The part of the sale was then reached which, to be accurate, 
 could be described as the only part in possession of Earl Howe on the 
 day of sale. Seven examples of ' doubtful ' plays ensued, but there 
 was an absence of that enthusiasm which urged Mr. Jackson to give 
 1,2102. on June 1 for the very rare 1592 Quarto ' Arden of Faversham.' 
 The uncommon and little-known 1602 ' Cromwell ' became Mr. Quaritch's 
 at 2222., and the 1613 edition of the same chronicle of ' Thomas, Lord 
 
 Sir Michael 
 Costa. 
 
 1908, Jan. 4. 
 
 Earl Howe's 
 
 Shakespeare 
 
 Quartos and 
 
 Folios at 
 
 Sotheby's. 
 
270 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Cromwell,' at iOl. The 1595 ' Locrine ' ' of Shakespeare's — among the 
 sins of his youth,' according to Hazl»^t, next realized 120Z. (Qiiaritoh), 
 a copy having fetched 99 guineas in the Daniel Sale, 1864, and 452. 
 in the Tite Sale, 1874. The rest were: ' Oldcastle ' (1600), 511. 
 (Pickering); 'The Puritaine ' (1607), 72i. (Quaritch) ; 'The Two 
 Noble Kinsmen," 621. (ditto) ; and ' The Yorkshire Tragedie ' (1619), 
 Til. (Leighton). ... 
 
 " The First Folio, measuring 13 in. by 8 J in., or J in. less in width 
 than the 3,6001. Looker-Lampson copy in the Van Antwerp Sale, 
 and J in. wider than the 2,4002. Buckley specimen, was welcome 
 as a remarkable survivor of the 1623 edition in its natural state. After 
 the opening at 5002. there was a general contest, in which Mr. Edwards, 
 Mr. Quaritch, and Mr. Robson were conspicuous, the first named 
 winning at 2,0252. Mr. Robson afterwards found consolation in ob- 
 taining the excellent Third Folio at 5252., the perfect Langham example 
 of this fetching, it may be recalled, 1,5502. in the Buckley dispersal." 
 
 1908, Jan. 4. 
 
 The Indian 
 
 Mutiny. 
 
 Daily 
 
 Telegraph 
 
 dinner. 
 
 Earl Roberts's 
 speech. 
 
 John 
 Nicholson. 
 
 Henry 
 Lawrence. 
 
 THE INDIAN MUTINY 
 (1857-1907). 
 
 Monday, December 23rd, 1907, will be ever memorable in the 
 annals of our Press as being the day on which Lord Burnham, 
 the proprietor of The Daily Telegraph, provided a Christmas dinner, 
 in the Albert Hall, for the surviving veterans of the Indian Mutiny. 
 The idea was a happy one, and most happily was it carried out. 
 Not a veteran able to be present was absent, while those too feeble 
 to attend, or even across the seas, were not forgotten. The event 
 has been so fuUy reported that only a brief note is necessary for 
 the future chronicler. 
 
 Earl Roberts — the Lieut. Roberts of the Mutiny days — pre- 
 sided, and after reference to Havelock, to Outram (the Bayard of 
 India), and many others, made special mention of 
 
 " Henry Lawrence, the statesman, and John Nicholson, the soldier 
 — both respected and looked up to by the natives in a way that few 
 sahibs have been looked up to and respected. Though only 35 years 
 of age when he died, Nicholson had made a name for himself on the 
 North- West frontier of India which is remembered to this day. He 
 was actually worshipped by a sect who call themselves ' Nicholseynes.' 
 ' This,' continued Lord Roberts, ' never astonished me, for of all the 
 men I have served under — for some of whom I had a great admira- 
 tion — none of them impressed me in the same way as Nicholson.' " 
 
 In reference to Henry Lawrence, Lord Roberts spoke of the asylums 
 founded in his name, 
 
 " in the hills of India, for the education of British soldiers serving 
 in that country .... It was he who, fourteen years before the Mutiny 
 broke out, predicted what would occur if we neglected to take the most 
 ordinary precautions. It is not too much to say of Henry Lawrence, 
 that, but for his influence over the natives, which prevented the Sepoys 
 at and about Lucknow mutinying until he had time to make the Resi- 
 dency fairly secure, and for his foresight in storing it with a vast amount 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 271 
 
 The 
 
 Athenasum. 
 
 and Lord 
 
 Canning. 
 
 of supplies, not one of the 3,000 men, women, and children who sought 
 shelter within that place towards the end of May, or of the 2,000 
 more men of Outram and Havelock's force who joined the original 
 garrison there on September 25th, could have been saved. They must 
 all have perished either by starvation or by falling into the hands of 
 the enemy. But for Henry Lawrence there would have been no 
 ' Defence of Lucknow,' and no ' Relief of Lucknow ' to commemorate 
 to-day." 
 
 It is pleasing to note Lord Roberts's high testimony to the 
 policy of Lord Canning. He had been but a little more than a year 
 in the country, 
 
 " but he proved himself worthy of the high position for which he had 
 been selected. His calmness during great excitement prevented 
 panic becoming serious, and his policy of mercy at a time when a 
 thirst for vengeance, created by the atrocities perpetrated at Cawnpore 
 and elsewhere, was not imnaturally very acute, did much to heal the 
 feeling of racial animosity which existed." 
 
 The Athenceum strongly opposed the mischievous suggestions 
 being made at the time of the Mutiny, and I know, from a letter 
 from Lord Granville in 1858, that Lord Canning was grateful to 
 The Athenceum for standing up for him at the time of the attacks 
 on " Clemency Canning." Lord Granville forwarded, at Lord 
 Canning's wish, a memorandum on his policy, adding, in a private 
 letter, that he knew that the editor and proprietors of The Athe- 
 nceum had never given in to the outcry. 
 
 At the dinner the services of the Naval Brigade and its gallant 
 commander, Sir WUliam Peel, were not forgotten. The loose 
 clothing of the sailors gave them a great advantage over the soldiers, 
 and enabled them to undergo more hardships. The tight belt 
 worn by the European troops occasioned much discomfort, and 
 after long marches the pressure against the side frequently caused 
 a serious wound that mortified. 
 
 A poem by Gerald Massey which appeared in The Athenceum Poem by 
 of the 12th of June, 1858, rendered tribute to ' Sir Robert's Sailor Gerald 
 Son,' closing with the following lines :— Massey. 
 
 Our old Norse Fathers speak in you. 
 
 Speak with their strange sea-charm. 
 That sets our hearts a-beating to 
 
 The music of the storm. 
 There comes a Spirit from the deep. 
 
 The salt wind waves its wings. 
 That rouses from its Inland sleep 
 
 The blood of the old Sea Kings. 
 
 Nearly 600 survivors of the Mutiny were present at the banquet, 
 while about 700 hampers were sent to those too infirm to attend. 
 
 sir William 
 
 Peel and the 
 
 Naval 
 
 Brigade. 
 
272 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The Daily Telegraph of the 28th of December calls attention 
 to the fact that behind the festival, 
 
 " glorious and inspiring as it was, there was a shadow known only 
 to the organizers, but realized by every member of the Committee, 
 by every officer, by Lord Roberts above all, with indignation and with 
 grief." 
 
 Many of the men " that we cheered and honoured and loved " 
 had come from the workhouse, to return there to spend their Christ- 
 
 Perceval 
 
 Landon's 
 
 ' 1857.' 
 
 " Already forgotten, once more they think, as they were forgotten 
 for many and many a year before, they are in the workhouse, and 
 there they will remain, if nothing be done, until a pauper's portion 
 ends in a pauper's grave. . . .They have conquered for us. Yet they 
 have lost their freedom and the status of self-respecting manhood. 
 They have been struck from the roU of citizenship. They are social 
 captives within the workhouse walls, and never, never can our honour 
 be repurchased until their liberty is redeemed." 
 
 A telegram from Lahore states that the 10th Bengal Lancers 
 (2nd Hodson's Horse) celebrated the jubilee. The regiment, 
 including the British officers, led by Col. Cowper, marched past 
 and saluted its own native retired veterans, including Sepoys. 
 
 The series of articles giving the history of the Mutiny which 
 appeared in The Daily Telegraph have been reprinted and published 
 in a volume. They were by Mr. Perceval Landon, and form an 
 interesting record. There is an appendix containing a complete 
 list of the surviving officers and men. 
 
 As the result of this banquet a Veterans' Relief Fund was 
 started. (See post, p. 285.) 
 
 1908, Jan. 4. 
 
 Christmas 
 carols. 
 
 CHRISTMAS CAROLS. 
 
 Lovers of Christmas carols should possess themselves of 
 ' A Wreath of Christmas Carols and Poems,' chosen by Mr. WUHam 
 Andrews, and published by Mr. Tutin of Hull, who has already 
 rendered good service by the pubUcation of many other deUghtful 
 booklets as good as they are cheap. This ' Wreath,' well printed 
 on excellent paper, can be had for the small sum of threepence. 
 
 Mr. Andrews has made his selection with judgment and taste, 
 and in his brief preface reminds us that the earliest Carol we possess 
 is in Norman-French, and dates back to the thirteenth century, 
 the manuscript being in the British Museum. In 1521 was issued, 
 from the presss of Wynkyn de Worde, the first printed coUection 
 of Carols. The opening Carol in the present selection, " Lordlings, 
 listen to our lay," is said to be the earliest English example ; and 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 273 
 
 among the latest is included Charles Mackay's ' Under the HoUy ' Under the 
 Bough,' and in the whole collection we can find no sweeter lines Holly Bough, 
 than these : — 
 
 Ye who have scorned each other. 
 
 Or injured friend or brother. 
 In the fast-fading year. 
 
 Ye who by word or deed 
 Have made a kind heart bleed. 
 Come gather here. 
 
 Let sinned against and sinning 
 Forget their strife's beginning 
 And join in friendship now ; 
 
 Be link no longer broken, 
 Be sweet forgiveness spoken 
 Under the holly bough. 
 
 'THE BOOKSELLER' (1858-1908). 
 
 The year 1858 opened with considerable activity in the world 
 of letters. The works announced in January include Cardinal 
 Wiseman's ' Recollections of the Last Four Popes.' Mr. Murray's 
 list contains the first volume of the Duke of Wellington's Supple- 
 mentary Dispatches ; Lord Campbell's Lives of Lords Kenyon, 
 EUenborough, and Tenterden ; John Forster's Essays ; and 
 Livingstone's ' Missionary Travels ' (thirtieth thousand). Mr. 
 Bentley's list comprises the eighth volume of the Walpole Letters, 
 Trollope's ' The Three Clerks,' Doran's ' Court Fools,' and Shirley 
 Brooks's ' Gordian Knot.' Messrs. Routledge announce the com- 
 pletion of W. H. RusseU's ' British Expedition to the Crimea,' 
 and a new part of that best of all illustrated editions of Shakespeare, 
 ' The Staunton,' illustrated by Gilbert. Lever's ' Davenport 
 Dunn,' Mayhew's ' Paved with Gold,' and Bagehot's ' Enghshmen 
 and Scotchmen ' are included in Chapman & HaU's hst. Messrs. 
 Bell & Daldy, whose address was then 186, Fleet Street, inform us 
 that Singer's edition of Shakespeare is now complete in 10 volumes. 
 Messrs. Bradbury & Evans are publishing Thackeray's new serial, 
 ' The Virginians,' and its author is announced to deliver the second 
 of his four lectures on ' The Humorists of the Last Century ' on 
 the 2nd of February. Messrs. Blackwood have ready ' Scenes of 
 Clerical Life.' Novels are announced by Mrs. Gore, Miss Pardee, 
 JuUa Kavanagh, and others. There are of course many works 
 on India and the Mutiny. Messrs. Smith & Elder from Cornhill 
 are publishing Capt. Yule's ' Mission to the Court of Ava,' a hand- 
 some 4to, 21. 12s. 6d. ; and Harriet Martineau's suggestions as to 
 the future government of India. Mudie is busy sellmg his surplus 
 copies, and offers ' The Romany Rye ' for 10s., now catalogued 
 
 s 
 
 1908, Feb 1. 
 Literary 
 activity, 
 
 Notable 
 
 books 
 
 appearing. 
 
 Mudie's 
 Library. 
 
274 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Joseph 
 Whitaker. 
 
 His business 
 capacity. 
 
 Originates 
 
 The Penny 
 
 Poit. 
 
 by second-hand booksellers at Zl. The subscribers to his library, 
 which he keeps select, are increasing year by year. He refused 
 any book that might offend against good morals, and certainly 
 exercised a wholesome influence on our literature. Publishers 
 when ready with a new work were anxious as to the number Mudie 
 would take. T remember his telling my father that a work such 
 as Macaulay's ' England ' or Livingstone's ' Travels ' meant to 
 him a thousand fresh subscribers. He was much influenced by the 
 reviews in The Athenaeum, and each week would call for his copy, 
 take it with him to Simpson's, and read it while eating his dinner 
 of flsh. Messrs. Kent & Co. (late D. Bogue) are advertising their 
 ' Men of the Time.' In 1858 these numbered only 710, including 
 foreign sovereigns ; while the ' Women of the Time ' numbered 
 but 75. I think I am right in saying that, with the exception 
 of Mr. Holman Hunt, not one in these two lists is now living, 
 and many of the names have dropped out of memory, showing 
 how transient contemporary fame may be. The original publisher 
 of ' Men of the Time ' was David Bogue, the much-respected 
 publisher in Fleet Street. His windows at the side faced the 
 Punch office in the wide space leading to St. Bride's Church. 
 Mr. John Chapman is advertising a new work by Prof. Newman 
 on Theism ; and Griffith & Farran from St. Paul's Churchyard, 
 under National Education, Darnell's Copy-Books, three numbers 
 of these being devoted to ladies' angular writing. 
 
 Such were the literary surroundings when The Bookseller 
 was founded by Joseph Whitaker in January, 1858. From its 
 first number it has been a success. Mr. George Herbert Whitaker, 
 who is its present editor (his brother Cuthbert WiKrid taking under 
 his special care the world-famed ' Whitaker's Almanack ') , has cele- 
 brated the Jubilee of The Bookseller by giving in the number for 
 January 24th, 1908, a history of its origin and a short record of 
 publishing firms during the fifty years. 
 
 In a brief biographical account of his father Mr. Whitaker 
 states that he was born on the 4th of May, 1820. At fourteen he 
 was apprenticed to the bookbinding firm of Barritt & Co., and showed 
 such a special capacity for business that he was soon placed as an 
 assistant in their Bible establishment in Fleet Street. At the end 
 of his apprenticeship he went to Oxford to John Henry Parker, 
 who was so impressed by his capabilities that he entrusted him 
 with the formation and entire management of his London house 
 at 377, Strand, where Whitaker originated the first penny Church 
 magazine. The Penny Post. On leaving Parker's he started busi- 
 ness in Pall Mall as a religious publisher and bookseller, removing 
 in 1855 to 310, Strand, where, with the assistance of Thomas 
 Delf , he issued The Artist. The business was not a success, and a 
 composition with creditors became inevitable. The Court cleared 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 275 
 
 him of debt ; but that was not sufficient for Whitaker — his name 
 must be without stain ; and as soon as his position allowed he paid 
 the old debts in full, and his son tells us that " among his most 
 cherished possessions are very handsome letters from some of the 
 most prominent pubUshers and others in acknowledgment." 
 
 In 1856 Whitaker became editor of The Gentleman's Magazine, 
 and it was as " Sylvanus Urban " 
 
 " that he was brought more particularly to realize the many short- 
 comings of the trade lists then in existence, and first thought of produc- 
 ing a really efficient and independent organ which should prove itself 
 indispensable to the trade. It was thus that the idea of The Bookseller 
 originated." 
 
 Its appearance marked a new era in journalism, as it was the pioneer 
 of the present large class of trade journals. Whitaker, writing in 
 1888, says :— 
 
 " One of the reasons of the success of The Bookseller was the hearty 
 manner in which I conducted it. I threw myself into the work, and, 
 for a long time, did nothing else. It never reached my ideal ; in fact, 
 the work just adapted itself to the requirements of the trade, and I 
 was wise enough to let it go its own way, and not force any of my 
 hobbies into its pages." 
 
 Whitaker wrote not a word too much as to the reason of his 
 success. I frequently saw him at the time he started the new 
 venture. When I have been with my father in Paternoster Row, 
 he would come up to us and tell my father, for whom he had always 
 the warmest friendship, how well the publishers supported the new 
 periodical. Those who remember Whitaker wUl call to mind how 
 full of energy he was, and how charming was his personality. 
 
 To Whitaker was due the idea of raising the Relief Fund for 
 Paris booksellers in 1871. Sampson Low heartily encouraged 
 the idea, and The Bookseller and The Publishers' Circular worked 
 together for its accompHshment. On the 6th of February, 1871, 
 at a meeting of the trade at Stationers' Hall, at which Thomas 
 Longman presided, John Miles was appointed treasurer, with 
 Edward Marston as secretary. More than 500?. was subscribed 
 in the room, and the sum ultimately raised was 1,400Z. 
 
 A chapter in the Jubilee number is devoted to the struggle 
 against underselling, and traces its history from the time when, in 
 1852, a Booksellers' Association was formed to deal with the question. 
 The Times and many of the foremost hterary men opposed coercion 
 or any form of exclusive dealing. Lord Campbell, Grote, and Dean 
 Milman were appointed arbitrators. William Longman " frankly 
 admitted that the objects in view could not be obtained without 
 coercion." The decision, as is -well known, was unfavourable, 
 Lord Campbell stating that 
 
 s % 
 
 Becomes 
 
 editor of The 
 
 Bentlenum'i 
 
 Magazine, 
 
 Founds The 
 Booltteiler. 
 
 Relief fund 
 
 for Paris 
 
 booksellers. 
 
 Struggle 
 
 against 
 
 underselling. 
 
276 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 " such regulations seem prima facie to be indefensible, and contrary 
 to the freedom which ought to prevail in commercial transactions. 
 Although the owner of property may put what price he pleases upon 
 it when selling it, the condition that the purchaser, after the property 
 has been transferred to him and he has paid the purchase -money, 
 shall not resell it under a certain price, derogates from the rights of 
 ownership which, as purchaser, he has acquired." 
 
 John Stuart John Stuart Mill took the same view. I have in my possession 
 
 Mill a letter of his, written from the East India House, May 5th, 1852, 
 
 FrSade. in which he says :- 
 
 " There is no case to which, in my opinion, the principles of Free 
 Trade are more completely applicable than to the question in dispute 
 between the London Booksellers' Association and those who claim a 
 right to sell books at a less profit than that prescribed by the rules 
 of the Association. Not only in the book trade, but in all others, 
 I conceive that the profits of distributors absorb at present a very 
 undue proportion of the proceeds of industry ; and it appears to me 
 impossible to maintain that their contenting themselves with a lower 
 rate of remuneration would be injurious to the producers. It is self- 
 evident that whatever part of the profits publishers and retailers 
 are willing to forego must be gained either by authors or buyers ; 
 and if by buyers, it would still benefit authors by increasing the sale of 
 books." 
 
 In consequence of the arbitrators' decision, the Booksellers' 
 Association was dissolved, and " for some forty years the applica- 
 tion of coercion to deal with admittedly unfair competition was 
 ruled out of court " ; for although Whitaker in The Bookseller 
 made frequent strong comments on the evils of the underselling 
 system and the advertising of new books for sale at considerably 
 below the published price, no definite general attempt to deal 
 with the question was made imtil March, 1890, when Mr. Frederick 
 MacmiUan's letter appeared in The Bookseller in which he definitely 
 proposed the establishment of the now weU-known net system. 
 Later Mr. C. J. Longman suggested the abohtion of any fixed retail 
 price, thus leaving the bookseller to fix his own in the same way 
 as retailers in ordinary commodities do, the publishers acting 
 merely as wholesale dealers. I remember that my father many 
 years ago suggested this plan ; but Mr. Longman's proposal failed 
 to find any support. On the 21st of April, 1896, the PubUshers 
 Association was inaugurated, Mr. C. J. Longman becoming its first 
 President ; and at the annual meeting on the 23rd of March, 1899, 
 the net-system agreement as now understood, on being moved 
 by Mr. John Murray, was adopted unanimously. 
 
 On Wednesday, the 3rd of June, 1908, The Daily Telegraph's 
 correspondent at New York cabled that the United States Supreme 
 Court had decided that publishers holding a copyright cannot for 
 that reason fix the price at which a book mugt be sold. 
 
 The 
 Booksellers' 
 Association. 
 
 Mr. Frederick 
 Maomillan. 
 
 CharlesJames 
 Longman. 
 
 Publishers' 
 
 Association 
 
 formed. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 211 
 
 The second editor of The Bookseller was J. Vernon Whitaker. 
 His father, finding the labour and responsibihty of editing both the 
 ' Almanack ' and The Bookseller too great, recalled his son from 
 America, and entrusted him with the editorship of The Bookseller 
 under his own supervision. Vernon Whitaker had gone to America 
 at the instance of the late G. W. Childs, then proprietor of The 
 Philadelphia Public Ledger, in order that he might undertake the 
 editorship of The American Literary Gazette. This he did until 
 Childs disposed of it to the proprietors of The New York Publishers' 
 Weekly, who incorporated it with their journal, Vernon Whitaker 
 being appointed sub-editor of the Public Ledger. 
 
 Under his editorship, the influence and prestige of The Book- 
 seller were fully maintained. He took the keenest interest in all 
 trade matters, and the successful agitation against the projected 
 increase in railway rates was entirely due to his initiative. Mr. 
 H. 0. Arnold-Forster undertook the conduct of the matter before 
 the Board of Trade, the outcome being all to the advantage of the 
 booksellers. Vernon Whitaker also took an active part in ' the 
 negotiations which resulted in the establishment of the London 
 Booksellers' Society (now the Associated Booksellers of Great 
 Britain and Ireland). Unfortunately, his health broke down. 
 In the autumn of 1894 a voyage to the Cape was tried ; but this 
 failed to benefit him, and he died on the 15th of January, 1895, 
 at the early age of fifty. His premature death was a great loss to 
 the bookselling world, for he was always first and foremost in move- 
 ments likely to be helpful to it, while his goodness of heart made 
 him ever ready with acts of kindness. 
 
 The sixth division in the Jubilee number is devoted to a history 
 of Trade Dinners, beginning with the Trade Sale Pinner. Till 
 1754 they were mostly held at " The Queen's Head " in Paternoster 
 Row, afterwards at " The Queen's Arms " in St. Paul's Churchyard, 
 and from about 1790 at " The London Coffee-House," Ludgate Hill. 
 From about 1830 " The Albion " was generally chosen. At Thomas 
 Osborne's sale in 1743 the company were regaled with " Turkies 
 and Chines, Hams and Chickens, Apple Pies, &c., and a glass of 
 very good wine." An interesting article on ' Booksellers' Trade 
 Dinner Sales,' by Mr. Joseph Shaylor, appeared in The Fortnightly 
 Review for December, 1907. 
 
 When the Trade Sale Dinners ceased, the directors of the 
 Booksellers' Provident Institution initiated an annual dinner ; 
 but although very successful it has not been followed up. During 
 the last three or four years, however, the practice has arisen for 
 the Associated Booksellers to hold their annual meeting in some 
 important centre, and a dinner has been a prominent item in the 
 arrangements. The Bookseller suggests the desirabiUty of holding 
 every other year a combined dinner, at which both publishers and 
 booksellers should be represented. 
 
 J. Vernon 
 
 Whitaker 
 succeeds his 
 
 father as 
 editor of The 
 
 Booligeller. 
 
 Trade 
 Dinners. 
 
 T/ie 
 
 SouImeUer 
 
 suggests a 
 
 combined 
 
 dinner. 
 
278 
 
 I^OTTES B*5? TEtE WAY. 
 
 1908, Feb. 8 
 
 The great 
 
 publishing 
 
 houses. 
 
 Simpkins. 
 
 The 
 Longmans. 
 
 John Murray. 
 
 Smith, Elder 
 & Co. 
 
 George 
 Smith. 
 
 The Jubilee number contains an article on ' Some of the Great 
 Houses,' Simpkin, Marshall & Co. heading the list. The business 
 was founded by Mx. Benjamin Crosby, who was the first of the 
 London booksellers to travel for orders. In 1814, owing to ill- 
 health, he was forced to retire, and disposed of the business to his 
 two assistants, Simpkin and Marshall. His nephew, Mark Lock- 
 wood, remained with the new firm, becoming a partner in 1835. 
 Six years previous to this Mr. J. Miles had joined when Simpkin 
 retired. Marshall also retired in 1854. In 1889 a change took 
 place in the firm, two other great wholesale distributing houses 
 being brought in — Hamilton, Adams & Co. and W. Kent & Co. 
 
 In 1724 Thomas Longman founded the well-known house that 
 bears his name. The firm of Rivington, which was founded in 
 1711, was incorporated with Longmans in 1890, so that the latter 
 is now the oldest house in the trade ; and its address, 39, Paternoster 
 Row, is the same as when it started. The present Thomas Longman 
 is the fifth Thomas Longman. It was his father who personally 
 edited the ' Illustrated New Testament ' ; and it was during his 
 partnership that Macaulay received from the firm the historic 
 cheque of 20,000Z., on account of the profits of his famous ' History.' 
 In 1863 the firm acquired the copyrights of J. W. Parker, Son & 
 Bourn, of 445, Strand, including Fraser's Magazine. In 1890 the 
 business was incorporated as an unlimited company, of which the 
 partners at that time are now the directors. 
 
 The publishing house of John Murray is the next to be recorded. 
 At Albemarle Street the fourth John Murray with his brother 
 Hallam now reigns, and there is a fifth John Murray in the firm. 
 
 The fourth house noticed is that of Smith, Elder & Co. This 
 firm, formerly of 65, CornhUl, were originally Indian and colonial 
 agents with a small publishing department. George Murray 
 Smith, son of the senior partner, entered the firm in 1842 at the 
 age of eighteen, and was at once placed in charge of the pubhshing 
 business. His first book was R. H. Home's ' New Spirit of the Age.' 
 In 1846 his father died and Mr. Elder retired, so young George 
 Smith had entire control, aided by his able literary reader W. 
 Smith Williams. The works of Thackeray, the Brontes, and 
 Mrs. Gaskell were published by him ; and on the 1st of January, 
 1860, The Cornhill was launched under Thackeray's editorship. 
 Other authors include George Eliot, the Brownings, Matthew 
 Arnold, and Anthony Trollope, not to mention those more recent. 
 But, beyond all these, the nation owes to George Murray Smith a 
 debt of gratitude for his patriotism in publishing at his own expense 
 the ' Dictionary of National Biography,' completed in June, 1900. 
 He died on the 6th of April, 1901. The present principals are Mr. 
 Reginald John Smith, K.C., and Mr. Alexander Murray Smith. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 279 
 
 The Macmillan firm is also the subject of a short notice. When 
 Daniel, who with his brother Alexander founded the firm, died 
 in 1857, Judge Thomas Hughes was asked to write a memoir of him, 
 and in it a history of the firm appeared. Their first popular success 
 was Kingsley's ' Westward Ho ' in 1855, followed by ' Tom Brown's 
 School Days ' in 1857. The " Globe " Shakespeare appeared in 
 1866, when 80,000 copies were sold almost immediately. In 1875 
 Green's ' Short History ' was issued. 
 
 In 1898 the well-known house of Richard Bentley & Son was 
 taken over by Messrs. Macmillan. As yet, no account of that 
 interesting firm has been written, although I have often urged my 
 friend Mr. Richard Bentley, to give to the public some of the 
 many literary treasures he possesses in his house at Upton. His 
 father, George Bentley, will be remembered as one of the kindliest 
 and most courteous of men, a perfect gentleman in manners as well 
 as in heart. He did not enter the Burlington Street firm till 1870, 
 and became head of it on the death of his father in the following 
 year. In 1884 he took his son into partnership, and on him, owing 
 to the deUcate state of his father's health, devolved the active 
 management. George Bentley died on the 28th of May, 1895, 
 and although thirteen years have passed, his memory is stiU as 
 sweet as the June roses he loved so well, and he will be gratefully 
 remembered for his noble, unselfish character and blameless life. 
 He was a frequent contributor to " that invaluable Httle paper 
 ' N. & Q.' " 
 
 A sketch of the Blackwoods is also given in The Bookseller, a 
 full history having been already published ; and an account of 
 George Bell & Sons, founded in 1838. George Bell was the first 
 publisher of ' N. & Q.,' and his son Mr. Edward Bell regards as a 
 choice treasure a set handsomely bound. Mr. Daldy joined the 
 firm in 1864, and the well-known " Libraries " of Mr. Bohn were 
 purchased for 35,000?. In 1867 the firm removed to Bohn's old 
 premises in York Street, Covent Garden. In July, 1873, Mr. Daldy 
 retired. George Bell died in December, 1890, and his two sons 
 are now the principals. In 1904 the business was removed to its 
 new premises, York House. 
 
 Messrs. Chatto & Windus gave 20,000Z. for the remaining 
 portion of Bohn's stock. The founder of the firm was John Camden 
 Hotten, who acquired his knowledge of the book-trade from 
 Petheram of Holbom, a man of remarkably quiet and gentle 
 manners, fuU of the courtesy of the old school ; he never adopted 
 the frock coat, but wore a dress (or body) coat. Hotten was a 
 wonderful contrast to him, fuU of push and go. No doubt his 
 visit to America, where he remained for several years, was re- 
 sponsible for this. As The Bookseller states : — 
 
 " He possessed remarkable skill in feeling the pulse of the book- 
 market ; every public event or topic of public interest f oimd him pre- 
 
 The 
 
 Macmillans. 
 
 Richard 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 His son 
 
 George. 
 
 The 
 Blackwoods. 
 
 Bell &, Sons. 
 
 Chatto & 
 Windus. 
 
 John Camden 
 Hotten. 
 
280 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 pared with the appropriate brochiire. He paid special attention to 
 introducing to English readers the best and newest in American litera- 
 ture ; and he was bold enough to become Swinburne's publisher when 
 another house stopped the sale of his works." 
 
 Mr. Andrew Mr. Andrew Chatto, the present senior partner, is the son of the 
 Chatto. great authority on wood engraving ; and associated with him are 
 Mr. Percy Spalding, his son, and Mr. Philip H. Lee Warner. 
 
 Henry George Three eminent booksellers have biographical notice in the 
 
 Bohn. Jubilee record. Henry George Bohn, whose father was a book- 
 binder in 1795 in Soho, picked up in 1816 some book bargains 
 on the Continent, and started as a bookseller. The business rapidly 
 grew, and after being in Henrietta Street for a time, he went in 
 1831 to York Street, Covent Garden, where he remained untU, on 
 his retirement, the premises were taken by Messrs. George Bell & 
 Sons. In 1845 he began his famous " Libraries." His stock of 
 books was enormous, and his catalogue, published at a guiuea, 
 Charles and compiled by Mr. Charles Edmonds, was regarded with wonder 
 Edmonds, at the time of its issue. He was a frequent caller on my father at 
 Wellington Street, and during the agitation for the repeal of the 
 paper duties — an agitation to which Bohn was strongly opposed — 
 they would be in the House of Commons at the same time, returning 
 home in a cab together, my father chaffing him as to the success of 
 his opposition. During my father's last iUness Bohn showed 
 much kindness, and often came to me to ask about him, aU old 
 difEerences being forgotten. Bohn died at Twickenham on the 
 22nd of August, 1884, aged eighty-eight. 
 
 Bernard Quaritch was an assistant of Bohn's. He set up for 
 himself in a small way at 16, Castle Street, Leicester Square ; 
 the tiny shop had a board in front for books. The house has recently 
 been added to vanished London. In 1860 Quaritch removed to 
 Piccadilly. He soon became known as the purchaser of rare and 
 famous books. At the Hamilton Sale he bought to the extent 
 of 40,000?. The Bookseller article states that, although " some- 
 times rough and uncourteous to outsiders, he was much Uked by 
 those who knew him better." I can testify as to his kindness in 
 lending his treasures to those \nth whom he knew they would be 
 safe. A friend of mine asked him about a scarce book he wanted 
 for reference. Quaritch at once lent it to him, although its value 
 was 400Z. As a publisher he did little, but he will be long remem- 
 ' Omar bered as having published the first edition of FitzGerald's ' Omar 
 Khayyam.' Khayyam.' He worked to the last, and died on the 17th of Decem- 
 ber, 1900, being succeeded in the business by his son, who is as 
 enterprising in his purchases as his father was. At the commence- 
 ment of 1907 the business was removed to Grafton Street, the fine 
 premises looking down to St. James's Palace. 
 
 Bernard 
 Quaritch. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 281 
 
 The third firm of booksellers noticed is that of Sotherans, 
 founded by Thomas Sotheran. In 1841 he took into partnership 
 his son Henry, whose great energy rapidly increased the business. 
 In 1856 Mr. George WiUis (at that time one of the largest book- 
 sellers in London : his windows, full of literary treasures, under the 
 Piazza at Covent Garden, attracted many literary loungers) joined 
 Sotherans, thus putting a stop to the great competition between 
 the two firms, which had run up prices of choice books tremendously 
 at auction sales. Henry Sotheran, who ultimately bought out 
 Willis, died in 1905, and now his son Henry Cecil Sotheran is the 
 sole proprietor. It ^vill be remembered that it was through the 
 firm of Sotherans that Mrs. Rylands purchased the Althorp Library 
 in 1892 for something over 200,000L, Messrs. Sotheby acting as 
 agents for Earl Spencer, and the late J. Arnold Green representing 
 Mrs. Rylands. Further particulars as to the purchase will be 
 found in the note about the Rylands Library {ante, pp. 29-30) . Mrs. 
 Rylands died at Torquay on February 4th, 1908. 
 
 Section VIIJE. of the Jubilee number is devoted to trade changes 
 during the fifty years. On June 3rd, 1858, Edward Moxon, the 
 poets' publisher, died, and the name no longer exists as that of a 
 separate firm. Edinburgh knows Adam & Charles Black no more, 
 and the firm now occupies the former Soho Bazaar in Soho Square. 
 Blackwoods remain true to Edinburgh, but have a branch in Pater- 
 noster Row. Chamberses also remain in Edinburgh; but they 
 have forsaken the Row, and, like the Blacks, have gone to Soho 
 Square. 
 
 Jackson & Walford, whose premises were in St. Paul's Church- 
 yard, published among their books Hepworth Dixon's ' London 
 Prisons.' In 1868 the business was transferred to Hodder & 
 Stoughton, and is now carried on at Warwick Square. The firm 
 are the publishers of The British Weekly and of The Bookman, so 
 successfully established by Dr. Robertson NicoU. 
 
 The Oxford Press in 1858 published through Parkers of Oxford, 
 but in 1863 the agency was transferred to Macmillans. This 
 arrangement terminated in 1880, and now the whole of the pub- 
 lications of the Press are issued under the direction of Mr. Henry 
 Frowde, who was appointed manager in 1874. 
 
 Among other well-known faces in 1858 was that of S. W. Part- 
 ridge, founder of the firm of Partridge & Oakey, now Partridge 
 & Co. Among other works he wrote ' Upward and Onward,' which 
 had a very large sale ; he retired in 1882, and gave himself up to 
 his books and works of philaniihropy. He died on the 10th of July, 
 1903, at the age of ninety-two, fuU of years and honour, loving and 
 beloved. 
 
 Thomas 
 Sotheran. 
 
 His son 
 Henry. 
 
 George 
 Willis. 
 
 Edward 
 Moxon. 
 
 The 
 
 Chamberses. 
 
 Jackson & 
 Walford. 
 
 The Oxford 
 Press. 
 
 Henry 
 Frowde. 
 
282 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Frederic 
 Norgate. 
 
 Edward 
 Laoey. 
 
 Mark Look- 
 wood. 
 
 His 
 
 graodson 
 
 Crosby 
 
 Lockwood. 
 
 The 
 ' Reference 
 Catalogue. ' 
 
 Going into Henrietta Street, we find Messrs. Lovell Reeve 
 publishing their valuable botanical books, and close by Messrs. 
 Williams & Norgate. Both these firms still remaia there. One 
 of the founders of the latter firm, Frederic Norgate, died on 
 August 9th, 1908, in his ninetieth year. He was a member of a 
 Norfolk family, studied at Clare College, and took his B.A. degree 
 in 1839. He was a very fine Greek scholar, and with Mr. Williams 
 started the business in 1843. Among the firm's most celebrated 
 authors was Herbert Spencer, in whose ' Life ' are many references 
 to his pubUshers. Norgate retired from the firm in the sixties, 
 and devoted himself to literary pursuits, making a special study of 
 the bibliography of Caxton's press. For many years he had a small 
 office in King Street, Co vent Garden, where I frequently called 
 upon him and had many a delightful chat. Norgate was a much 
 valued contributor to Notes and Queries. His daughter Miss Kate 
 Norgate is well known as the author of ' England under the Angevin 
 Kings,' a contributor to the ' Dictionary of National Biography,' 
 and the assistant of Mrs. J. R. Green in the production of the elaborate 
 illustrated edition of Green's ' Short History of the English People.' 
 
 A facsimile in miniature of the first number of The Bookseller 
 accompanies the Jubilee issue ; it is beautifully printed, and the 
 small type is perfectly clear. It contains complete lists of works 
 recently issued by one hundred and twenty-nine publishers. Among 
 trade changes it announces that " Mr. Edward Lacey, who some 
 years ago retired from his old-established business in St. Paul's 
 Churchyard, has found a life of leisure so irksome that he has 
 returned to London and recommenced business on Ludgate Hill." 
 It is announced from America that trade is recovering from the 
 panic, and that several houses have resumed payment. Sampson 
 Low, jun., who had been deputed by the London trade to represent 
 its interests in New York, had returned, " having accomplished 
 his mission in a most satisfactory manner " ; and his report showed 
 that " none of the consignors would sustain any loss." 
 
 First on the obituary list comes Mark Lockwood, senior partner 
 in the Simpkin & Marshall firm. He was a man of great judgment 
 as to the real merits of a book, and his opinion of a new work had 
 considerable weight with other purchasers. He worked early and 
 late, and long after the Row was deserted his solitary lamp might 
 be seen shining upon the trees opposite to the windows of the room 
 now occupied by his grandson, Mr. Crosby Lockwood. 
 
 In addition to The Bookseller, Whitaker projected in 1874 
 the ' Reference Catalogue of Current Literature,' now issued every 
 three or four years in two huge volumes. The index to the 1906 
 edition extends to over 900 pages, and contains more than 160,000 
 references 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 283 
 
 The portraits in the number are excellent, and include Joseph 
 Whitaker, his son Vernon, William Longman (1813-77), H. G. 
 Bohn, Henry Sotheran, that sturdy veteran Mr. Edward Marston, 
 and my father. There is a shght mistake in the article on ' The 
 Abolition of the Taxes on Knowledge.' The advertisement duty 
 was never sixpence. Mr. Gladstone would have reduced the tax 
 from one and sixpence to sixpence, but my father's strong opposition 
 to this was successful, and the tax was entirely abolished. 
 
 In 1868 Whitaker founded the most famous of his publications, 
 ' Whitaker's Almanack,' which has made Whitaker a world-wide 
 name. He Uved to see all his projects fully successful, and as The 
 Athenceum stated in its obituary notice, in addition to the spirit 
 of enterprise he manifested in business affairs, he was in his own 
 home a quiet, painstaking student, and was deservedly elected a 
 Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. His large library, exceeding 
 20,000 volumes, included a selection of antiquarian literature, and 
 he possessed choice copies of a good many rare editions. He died 
 on the 15th of May, 1895, at his house. White Lodge, Enfield, four 
 months to the day after the death of his son Vernon ; and on the 
 following Saturday, in accordance with his special wish, the funeral 
 took place from the office of The Bookseller, his body being laid to 
 rest in Norwood Cemetery. All who knew him cherish his memory, 
 feeling that never was there a more true and faithful friend than 
 Joseph Whitaker. Punch paid tribute to him on the 25th of May, 
 1895 :— 
 
 Gone ! His praises to rehearse 
 
 Might engage a friendly verse. 
 
 Time, for whom he did so much. 
 
 Surely dealt with gentle touch 
 
 With this pian of lucky star. 
 
 • Whitaker's 
 Almanack.' 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Whitaker's 
 
 death. 
 
 Punch pays 
 
 tribute to 
 
 him. 
 
 Millions now would feel the lack 
 Of the wondrous Almanack. 
 
 One might say of our lost brother. 
 Death, ere thou hast slain another. 
 Good and useful as was he, 
 " Time shall throw his dart at thee." 
 
 I am sure that all my readers will join with me in hearty 
 congratulations to George Herbert Whitaker, the editor of The 
 Bookseller, and to Cuthbert Wilfrid Whitaker, editor of the ' Al- 
 manack,' on the anniversary of The Bookseller. Their next cele- 
 bration will be the Jubilee, in ten years' time (1918), of the famous 
 ' Almanack.' 
 
284 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Nicholas That most successful publisher Nicholas Triibner was in 1858 
 
 Triibner. in business in Paternoster Row, moving later to Ludgate HiU. 
 He died suddenly on the 30th of March, 1884, leaving a large fortune, 
 the result of his own indomitable exertions. He was one of the 
 most energetic men in the Row, and in summer, in his suit of white 
 or brown hoUand, he formed a complete contrast to his brother 
 publishers, clothed in their usual sombre colours. Among frequent 
 visitors to his establishment was Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte, 
 who sought his aid ia obtaining works helpful to his studies in local 
 dialects, and who, although much taller, bore a strong likeness 
 to the great Napoleon. His grandson Prince Roland pursues 
 the same studies, and stUl purchases books from the firm. 
 
 Among many notable figures to be seen in the Row in 1858 
 was Alexander Herzen, the Russian exile. He was an exceed- 
 ingly handsome man, and was then editing the Kolokol (The Bell), 
 pubhshed by Triibner. This journal advocated the emancipation 
 of the serfs, and it was generally supposed that the Tsar favoured 
 its pubUcation. In order to escape the vigilance of the Russian 
 Custom House officers, the numbers sent to Russia would be packed 
 in barrels, wheat being placed both at the top and bottom of each, 
 with the numbers in between. 
 
 The firm of Triibner & Co. was started in 1851, Mr. David 
 Nutt being the " Co." They took No. 60, Paternoster Row, the 
 old Sunday School Union House. Under Triibner's energetic 
 management the business soon became a flourishing one. At first 
 he chiefiy turned his attention to the American trade, and in 1855 
 he brought out the first edition of his ' Bibhographical Guide to 
 American Literature,' which in four years he expanded to five times 
 its original size. I stUl possess the copy he gave to my father. 
 His real love, however, was bestowed on Oriental literature. The 
 languages of the East had a particular fascination for him. He 
 studied Sanskrit and Hebre^^', and seized the earUest opportunity 
 of founding a great Oriental pubhshing trade. He estabUshed 
 Triibner's American and Oriental Literary Record, to be followed 
 by his " Oriental Series." A proof of his sympathy mth meta- 
 physical speculation was his " Philosophical Library." His industry 
 was marvellous ; he seemed never at rest, and the wonder is that, 
 with his intense nervousness and excitability, he should have Uved 
 to the age of sixty-seven. One of the kindest and most sympathetic 
 of men, he was ever ready to rejoice in the successes of his friends. 
 It is strange that no memoir of him has been WTitten, for he was 
 associated with a very large circle of the literary men of his time, 
 notably Sir Edwin Arnold. I am indebted to Mr. Josiah Child for 
 much information respecting Triibner. Mr. Child is now one of 
 the oldest members (possibly the oldest) in the book trade ; he was 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. , 285 
 
 with John Chapman in 1844, and has been associated with the 
 Triibner firm all through its existence, being editor of the American 
 and Oriental Record for twenty-five years. 
 
 Triibner married a daughter of Octave Delepierre by his first Mrs. Triibner 
 wife, Emilia Napier, elder sister of the late Lord Napier of Magdala. 
 She died on the 3rd of June, 1908, and a short notice of her from a 
 correspondent appeared in The Athenceum of the 13th of June. 
 
 " The Row " has now spread to the streets on its north side, 
 formerly occupied by butchers' shops, and the smell from them 
 combined with that of glue, did not add to its charm. 
 
 Proceeding west we find that in 1858, in King WUham Street, 
 Strand, on the left-hand side, John Chapman carried on his business. 
 A few doors up was Joel Rowsell's shop for the sale of second-hand 
 books. His monthly catalogues were most successful, and brought 
 him large sales. Among many callers to obtain information about 
 books were Gladstone, Grote, Macaulay, Lytton, and Sheepshanks. 
 The last-named having given his pictures to the nation, at once 
 proceeded to fill his house with books. 
 
 Chapman's next-door neighbour was Charles James Skeet, C. J. Skeet 
 the front portion of whose shop was devoted to second-hand books, 
 while in a room at the back he conducted the business of a publisher. 
 He was much liked by authors, one of whom has lately issued remi- 
 niscences of him. He was a man of kindly disposition and gentle 
 manners, and particular in his dress — usually a blue frock coat and 
 white waistcoat. Among the books he was publishing in January, 
 1858, was Cyrus Redding's ' Recollections.' 
 
 Close to Skeet's was Stewart's shop, which was crammed 
 with old divinity. Here Stewart had as an assistant Mr. E. S. EUis, 
 who after setting up in business in York Street, Covent Garden, 
 estabhshed himself in Bond Street both as a publisher and an old- 
 bookseller. 
 
 THE VETERANS' RELIEF FUND. 
 
 (See ante, p. 272.) 
 
 "I appeal to you to assist me in saving those who have fought 
 for their country in their youth from the ignominy of the workhouse 
 in their old age, and the humiliation of a pauper's grave." 
 
 Roberts, F.M. 
 
 This Fund, which I refer to on p. 272, amounted on the 17th 
 of November, 1908, to £38,500, and Major A. Tudor Craig, the 
 Secretary, informs me that " every penny of this money has aheady 
 been absorbed by the 870 crises with which the Fund had dealt " 
 
286 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 at that date. The Fund was inaugurated in January, 1908, by 
 Lord Roberts, and His Majesty the King became patron, and 
 opened the Fund with a subscription of a thousand guineas. Its 
 objects are to release from the workhouses all veterans, sailors and 
 soldiers alike, who fought in campaigns before 1860; to clothe 
 them ; to provide them with a comfortable home for the remainder 
 of their days; and to ensure that no veteran shall suffer the 
 indignity of a pauper's funeral. 
 
 FRANCE: "L'ENTENTE CORDIALE." 
 
 1908, Aug 29. Althottgh it is by the merest chance, it is fitting that my last 
 
 note should be of France, a land to which 1 am bound by the closest 
 ties. 
 
 "L'Entente In MacphaU's Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal for November, 
 
 Cordiale." 1859, is an article entitled ' The Entente Cordiale of France and 
 England.' We are now rejoicing in the " moral invasion " the 
 writer of the article hopes for : — 
 
 " A moral invasion would be more acceptable than physical demon- 
 strations ; we would rather see Englishmen and Frenchmen loving than 
 fearing each other. Hence the satisfaction we share with others in 
 hearing that the Rev. Dr. Emerton, the Principal of the HanweU CoUege, 
 Middlesex, has again come into the field with open purse, and proposed 
 to give fifty guineas each for the best essays that can be written on the 
 means of promoting a permanent aUiance between the two greatest 
 countries in the world. One of them is to be written by a Frenchman, 
 and the other by a Briton, and we shall not be sorry to find that the 
 pabn of superior merit is ultimately awarded to a Caledonian. Dr. 
 Emerton, it may not be unknown, gave one hundred guineas as the 
 premium on an essay on the moral results of the Great Exhibition 
 of 1851. The prize was carried off by the Rev. Mr. Whisk." 
 
REV. J. W. EBSWORTH, M.A., F.S.A. (/Etat 68). 
 
 [Repi-odiicci? by pei-iiiiesioii of Messrs. lilaull & Fox. 
 
JOSEPH WOODFALL EBSWORTH, 
 
 M.A., F.S.A. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODFALL EBSWORTH, M.A., F.S.A. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1908, a short note appeared from my pen on Joseph 
 Ebsworth, but all lovers of ballad history will, I am sure, be inter- ^"""^'^^^ 
 ested in fuller particulars of his life and work. On his death the ^^°^ 
 whole of his MSS. passed into my possession, and although they Hisnumeroui 
 are too extensive for me at present to go through entirely, I have MSS. 
 been able to cull from them, as well as from the letters which I 
 received from him weekly without intermission during the past 
 twenty years, sufiS.cient to give particulars of his active and busy 
 life. These letters, which would frequently run into many pages, 
 beautifully and closely written, contain much pungent criticism 
 on the literature of the day. Ebsworth loved deeply and hated 
 fiercely ; he was a man of warm attachments and of strong dis- 
 likes, both in literature and in his friendships. This characteristic, 
 which allowed him no middle course, added a charm to all his 
 writings, while to those whom he regarded as his friends he was a 
 most delightful personality. Ebsworth's surroundings were from 
 his earliest years such as to encourage taste both in literature and 
 in art. His parents were accomplished dramatists and musicians. 
 He wrote the memoirs of them which appear in the ' Dictionary 
 of National Biography,' and he has often spoken to me of his 
 great affection for them. 
 
 Ebsworth was born on the 2nd of September, 1824, at 3, Birth. 
 Gray's Walk, Lambeth, and was christened at Lambeth Church. 
 Just across the river, in Dean's Yard, Westminster, lived Thomas 
 Woodfall, of 18, Little Queen Street, Westminster, the son of the 
 printer of the Junius letters ; he became the boy's godfather, and His godfather 
 was very fond of him. Ebsworth would often tell me of one Woodfall. 
 specially happy day spent with Woodfall at Westminster when he 
 was nine years old. It is curious that Ebsworth held strongly the 
 view that Francis wrote the Junius letters, and he was often angry 
 because The Athenceum devoted so much space to the question. 
 The Woodfalls' opinions were directly the reverse of this. Henry 
 Sampson Woodfall affirmed that " Sir Philip Francis did not \\Tite 
 the letters." 
 
290 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 His father 
 and mother. 
 
 Removal to 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 His father 
 becomes a 
 bookseller. 
 
 Young 
 
 Ebsworth's 
 
 recollections 
 
 of Scott. 
 
 His purchase 
 of books. 
 
 Both Ebsworth's father and mother deserved longer memoirs 
 than could be given to them in the great Dictionary. The father, 
 Joseph, born in Islington on the 10th of March, 1788, was appren- 
 ticed to a watchmaker named Cornwall, and became a great 
 expert, but his talents led him elsewhere. He had a singularly 
 rich baritone voice, which he preserved to the last, and he joined 
 the operatic company at Covent Garden ; in addition he turned to 
 dramatic authorship, and also acted in melodrama. On the 22nd 
 of June, 1817, he married Mary Emma, daughter of Robert Fair- 
 brother. She was born on the 2nd of September, 1794. Her 
 father, who was a pantomimist and fencing-master, was a great 
 friend of Sheridan, and, though he lost several thousands by him, 
 would never allow a word to be said in his disparagement ; he was 
 also the schoolmate and friend of Mrs. Jordan. 
 
 When Ebsworth was two years old the family removed to 
 Edinburgh, where his father at first held an engagement at the 
 Theatre Royal ; but on accepting the position of leader of the 
 choir of St. Stephen's Church, he abandoned the theatrical pro- 
 fession, and established himself as a teacher of music and singing. 
 He and his wife continued to write and translate dramas, but 
 Ebsworth had no complete list of these. Some of his mother's 
 works were published in John Cumberland's " Acting Drama." 
 
 In 1828 Ebsworth's father opened an " English and Foreign 
 Dramatic Library and Caricature Repository " at Elm Row, just 
 at the head of Leith Walk. It also became the chief shop for 
 periodical literature. This shop was soon the resort of those who 
 made Edinburgh worthy of the name of the Modern Athens. Scott 
 and Prof. Wilson were among the most frequent callers to enjoy a 
 chat. For both of these young Ebsworth soon came to have an 
 afiEectionate regard. He has often spoken to me of his personal 
 recollections of Sir Walter Scott, " that great and good old man," 
 who would place his hand kindly on the boy's head, much to his 
 delight. ' The Fair Maid of Perth ' was his " earliest known and 
 loved romance," Ebsworth writes. " When I was beginning my 
 fifth year in 1828 I already had heard my father read aloud Lytton 
 Bulwer's ' Pelham,' then newly published ; also ' Don Quixote ' 
 and Defoe's ' Journal of the Plague Year 1665,' before I was yet 
 able to read for myself. What a world of books," he continues, 
 " I have traversed since then, and laid to heart rememberingly ! 
 Few have loved them so well, and for five out of six years I stinted 
 myself of food for my dinners, by purchasing out of my savings 
 books at dear old Cadell's shop in St. Andrew's Square, often in 
 his presence and under his gracious protection, with dozens of 
 copies spread on the broad counter, for me to choose the best 
 impressions of the steel frontispieces, because I \^'as an engraver 
 and enthusiastic lover of Sir Walter, whose statue by Greenlees 
 stood before me, ' sic sedebat.' The ' Abbotsford Edition of the 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 291 
 
 Waverley Novels,' twelve huge volumes in aU, I began January 17, 
 
 1842 At the same time I took in regularly each month, from 
 
 Menzies in Prince's Street, Tyas's edition of Shakespeare, miscalled 
 ' Works of Shakspere,' odious technical blunder of pretentious 
 pedantry, illustrated by Kenny Meadows, 3 vols., 1843, et seq. 
 Here was my fountain of enjoyment, revelled in month by month, 
 although the pictures soon became poor after the beautiful best 
 work on the Comedies." He afterwards gave this to Harriet 
 Murray, the daughter of W. H. Murray, the manager of the Edin- 
 burgh and Adelphi Theatres, and a brother of Mrs. Henry Siddons. 
 Young Ebsworth had free entrance to all parts of both theatres, 
 including orchestra, greenroom, and flies. 
 
 Although Ebsworth was only between seven and eight years 
 old at the time of the Reform agitation, 1831-2, he had already 
 strong predilections. He remembered hearing a " howling London 
 cad, a Reform Bill agitator, addressing the greasy rabble on Calton 
 Hill, near to my father's house ; and in a desire to propitiate the 
 blatant mob whom we old Tories loathed, he called them, as a 
 laudation, ' Men of the Heart of Mid- Lothian.' They shouted at the 
 Cockney varlet's blunder. The ignorant fool meant to flatter them, 
 and win their votes for Reform ; but he was, rightly, stigmatizing 
 them as ' jail-birds.' " Young Ebsworth saw " plenty of the low 
 Radicahsm that disgraced Scotland in the latter days of Sir Walter 
 Scott, whom with base ingratitude they personally insulted at 
 Selkirk, where he had been ' the Shirra,' and still worse at Hawick, 
 where they tried to drag him out from his carriage, and shouted 
 ' Burke Sir Walter ! ' I remembered it when I went thither five 
 years after his death ; and I never forgave them." 
 
 Another reminiscence of his Edinburgh days was of O'Connell 
 addressing the people from the Regent's Arch Hotel in 1835 or 
 1836, and he would frequently recall " the blundering prosecution " 
 at his trial, when the counsel for the Crown quoted the Irish rebel 
 ballad 
 
 Who fears to speak of Ninety-Eight ? 
 Who blushes at the name ? 
 
 He's all a knave or half a slave 
 Who shghts his country thus. 
 
 But a true man, like you, man. 
 Will fill your glass with us. 
 
 At that date the poem was anonymous, but, as is now well known, 
 the author was John K. Ingram. The result of its being quoted 
 at the trial was its publication in every newspaper, without sup- 
 pression or punishment ; thus it attained an enormous circulation. 
 Ebsworth was in Edinburgh when Queen Victoria paid her 
 first visit in March, 1842. Sir Robert Peel was in attendance, and 
 the youth of eighteen would recall how the people yelled at him 
 
 T 2 
 
 The agitation 
 for Reform, 
 
 Scott 
 insulted. 
 
 O'Connell. 
 
 "Who fears 
 to speak of 
 Ninety- 
 Eight." 
 
 Victoria's 
 first visit to 
 Edinburgh. 
 
292 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Peel. 
 
 Ebsworth 
 becomes an 
 art student. 
 
 David Scott, 
 R.S.A. 
 
 Exhibits at 
 
 the Scottish 
 
 Academy. 
 
 Views of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 as the procession moved up the Canongate, " for they Hked not the 
 Bohbies with a natural antagonism, so near the Netherbow lock-up, 
 although the true ' Heart of Mid-Lothian,' the Tolbooth, had long 
 ago perished up in the Lawn Market, nearer the Castle. ' Gie him 
 Peak ! ' ' Gie him Peelers ! ' shouted the rabble." 
 
 Ebsworth was hot against the repeal of the Corn Laws, and 
 ridiculed the phrase " the hungry forties." He " despised " 
 Cobdenism, and I could never induce him to look kindly upon the 
 writings of Ebenezer Elliott ; but although he was angry with Peel 
 for what he styled his " turncoatism," he had a love for him " as 
 a generous man in private life, good Christian and unostentatious, 
 whose help extended to Benjamin Robert Haydon was nobly given, 
 but frustrated by the despairing suicide of that luckless man .... 
 What a thrill of sympathetic aiiection shot like an earthquake 
 through London while Peel lay dying ! " 
 
 At the early age of fourteen Ebsworth was admitted as a student 
 for a course of years at the School of the Board of Trustees of Arts 
 and Manufactures. He began in the Ornamental and Architectural 
 Department, under the instruction of Charles Heath WUson ; 
 he remained there for two years, when he was transferred to " my 
 loved teacher and helper. Sir William Allen, President of the Royal 
 Scottish Academy," who invited his pupil to come to him for the 
 human figure and the sculpture gallery. Afterwards he had for his 
 instructor David Scott, R.S.A. , for whom Ebsworth preserved the 
 warmest affection. This great artist died on the 5th of March, 
 1849, and Ebsworth in his ' Karl's Legacy ' dedicates several poems 
 to his memory, including ' The Grave of the Master.' The anni- 
 versary of his funeral was always remembered by him, and I have 
 a letter of last year from Ebsworth dated " Sunday, 10th of March, 
 1907, anniversary of David's Scott's funeral at Edinburgh Dean 
 Cemetery, 1849." 
 
 The same year that Scott died Ebsworth had his first exhibit 
 at the Scottish Academy. This consisted of four large water- 
 colour views of Edinburgh, made from the Scott Monument, north, 
 south, east, and west. The north view is looking towards Fife, 
 across St. Andrew's Square ; the south view looks towards the old 
 town and the Pentland Hills ; the east view to Calton Hill, Arthur's 
 Seat, and Holyrood ; while the view to the west is where the Castle 
 stands boldly aloft on its rock, with the country stretching towards 
 Glasgow. Ebsworth wTote to me respecting these that they " were 
 executed wholly from the one uppermost gaUery of stone, topmost of 
 four, day by day 200 feet above the level of Princes Street. In that 
 narrow and windy nook, whatever weather prevailed, unflinchingly 
 against cold, but sometimes baffled by raia, these were WTought out 
 in 1845, totally unaided by spyglass or photograph. In fact, the 
 public photographing of portraits at that very epoch, in a singularly 
 
I'lj-tj" i'')'vc"ii'. - 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 293 
 
 prir itive manner, is shown at Hourie's studio on the housetopii 
 without any shelter or glasshouse, in. the north view. Nobody ever 
 helped me with them ; they were drawn to give pleasure to my dear 
 father. I never touched them apart from the gallery of the 
 Scott Monument." Hugh Miller in the columns of The, Witness, a 
 Free Kirk newspaper, gave a glowing account of having found the 
 " young artist " making these drawings. Ebsworth, in a letter to 
 me of the 14th of July, 1907, says : " It was generously written. 
 I was saddened by his violent death, and knew all the particulars 
 from Thompson, the gunsmith who sold the revolver with which 
 Miller shot lumself . He lost his own chief workman, who incautiously 
 handled the pistol, which was still loaded, when placed in his hand 
 by the police constable, to identify the weapon." Thompson's son 
 was an intimate friend of Ebsworth's. 
 
 The only one Ebsworth engraved was the north view, but it has 
 never been published, only a few copies having been presented to 
 friends. The one given to me happened to be in my private room 
 at The Athenceum office when F. G. Stephens, then our art critic, 
 came ia. He thought the plate had been sent for notice. I told him 
 that it was a present from the artist, but Stephens was so delighted 
 with it that he wrote the following notice, which appeared in The 
 Athenceum of April 4th, 1891. With this exception, so far as I am 
 aware, no criticism of it has appeared in the public press.: — 
 
 " Lovers of old ballads and antiquaries in general, who owe a 
 debt they gladly acknowledge to the Rev. J. W. Ebsworth, have, most 
 of them, no idea what an excellent draughtsman he is in water colours, 
 or that he is an engraver on metal of exemplary patience and well- 
 tried skill, being a quondam pupil of the Trustees' School, Edinburgh, 
 where he won several prizes, and had for fellow-pupils some of the 
 
 most eminent Scottish painters of our time. Many years ago 
 
 he executed from the Scott Monument four drawings from the cardinal 
 points of the site, giving as many views of the city as it then appeared .... 
 Of that looking northwards an impression hangs before us, and proves not 
 only the marvellous patience of the artist — a quality all who know 
 his literary work will give him credit for — but his remarkable skill 
 with the brush and graver, a sort of skill far more difficult of attainment 
 than that which has charmed us all in his capital facsimiles of the old 
 woodcuts in the ' Roxburghe Ballads.' He draws with precision, 
 engraves as crisply, has a rare sense of the effect of light and shade, 
 and of light reflected into shadow he is a past master. In topographical 
 respects this print should be a treasixre citizens of ' Atild Reekie,' which 
 he patriotically represents on a clear day, must needs be grateful for. 
 They ought to insist on his publishing the whole of the views, although 
 as yet that before us alone has been permitted to see the light, and this 
 only in an extremely limited number of impressions." 
 
 In the year following the exhibition of these views he had a 
 picture on the line. This was intended to illustrate Tennyson's 
 ' Locksley Hall': "Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. .. .Then a 
 hand shall pass before thee." Ebsworth told me that Prof. John 
 
 Hugh 
 
 Miller's 
 
 death. 
 
 F. G. 
 
 Stephens's 
 criticism. 
 
294 
 
 NOTES BY TiBE WAY. 
 
 Moqg's 
 Instrnotor. 
 
 Goes to 
 Manchester. 
 
 Jiradshaw's 
 Magaa'me. 
 
 Visits Paris. 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 School of 
 
 Design. 
 
 Heath Wilson 
 and Punoh. 
 
 Wilson (" Kit North," his father's friend), " looking like a lion with 
 his hat on," ]aughed at the catalogued title of ' Memory recaUing 
 from the Heraclea of Departed Hopes the Spectre of the Deserted 
 Lover.' He pretended not to understand the meaning, and laughed, 
 but added : " After all, it 's a damned good picture." Both this 
 and the views of Edinburgh are now in my possession, having been 
 given to me by the artist during his lifetime. 
 
 Ebsworth's first appearance in print was in Hogg's Instructor. 
 This was in 1845, when he sent to it, on chance, a poem entitled 
 ' The Railway Express.' Though naturally gratified at its being 
 accepted, it " did not turn my head or make me rush anew into 
 print, for I wrote but little verse until 1848." That year he went 
 to work at Manchester with Faulkner Brothers as their chief artist, 
 and, " like every one else in the final quarter of the great Railway 
 Plan year, I worked day and night in lithographing the genuine 
 and bogus sheets of engineers' plans in order that they might be 
 in time for lodgment and official certification." Ebsworth could 
 get no rest until Christmas, when he enjoyed intercourse with 
 many literary friends whom George Faulkner, " a good, quiet, 
 honourable, and scholarly man," had employed on Bradshaw's 
 Magazine while he was the successful editor of that cheap illus- 
 trated periodical. Among these were John Crutchley Prince and 
 that genial Radical Sam Bamford. At the time of the French 
 Revolution of 1848 he took a brief hohday in Paris, and enjoyed life 
 " in the dear old Latin Quarter," where he would dine for a franc, 
 including ivine, frequently partaking of the dish known as the 
 " Harlequin." " Eugene Sue's ' Mysteres de Paris ' initiates the 
 neutral world of cowans to the hotch-pot ingredients of the luscious 
 ' Harlequin.' Compared to it, the fot au feu was tame and innocent." 
 He saw some of the fighting, and received a swordcut across his 
 brow. 
 
 On leaving the Faulkners he went to the Glasgow Government 
 School of Design, where he had again for his close friend and 
 instructor Heath Wilson, son of Andrew Wilson, " who collected 
 the splendid gallery of plaster casts from my favourite Elgin 
 Marbles, and gave them to the Board of Trustees for Manufacture 
 at Edinburgh." Ebsworth always remembered with \^Tath the 
 attack that had been made by Punch on his instructor while he was 
 at the Government School of Design at Somerset House, when 
 " Herbert, R.A., and his faction were at war with him, and conquered 
 by displacing him." On the 31st of August, 1845, Punch had a 
 caricature of Wilson headed ' A Night Scene at the School of Bad 
 Designs.' The boy who is trying to copy a colossal female bust, 
 but is shadowed by the podgy standing figure of the head 
 master, C. H. Wilson — " a capital portrait," in shepherd's 
 plaid and with a Glengarry cap on his foxy hair — says to him : 
 " If you please, sir, you are standing in our light." 
 
EliWOlTH'^ EMTEKTAIIfllEOT'i 
 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 295 
 
 Other close friends at this time were " dear " Thomas Faed 
 (who was a fellow-student, and executed a chalk drawing of Ebs- 
 worth in profile), Orchardson, MacWhirter, Peter Graham, Thomas 
 Graham, Frank Cruikshank ("a rare colourist "), and " Cameron " 
 MacTaggart. The last two remained in Auld Reekie, " not follow- 
 ing the rest to success in London." 
 
 While at Glasgow, Ebsworth became a Mason. His certificate 
 bears date " Edinburgh this 3rd day of July in the year of our Lord 
 1852, and of Light 5852." He was for two years " senior warden 
 of my Lodge, Sir Walter Scott's No. 36 on the Grand Roll. I used 
 to meet Whyte Melville, the novelist ; he was a high office-bearer 
 in Fife under the Duke of Athol." Ebsworth was at this time 
 writing incessantly for The Dumfries Herald, then under the 
 editorship of Thomas Aird. 
 
 Ebsworth from pupil became one of the masters at the Glasgow 
 School, and remained there until 1853, when he resigned in order 
 that he might study art on the Continent. On leaving he was 
 presented with a silver watch, which bears the following inscription : 
 " Presented to J. W. Ebsworth, Esq., as a mark of esteem and 
 respect, for his affability as a gentleman, and distinguished abilities 
 as a teacher, by a number of the male and female students of the 
 Glasgow School of Design, Glasgow, 1853." 
 
 In July he started off on his tour on foot through Italy and the 
 heart of Europe. It was an " unfaltering determination that 
 carried me, unaccompanied, but never lonely, over so many thou- 
 sands of miles in 1853 and 1854." While at Prague, after drawing 
 the Hradschin Palace and the Bridge Tower, which had been the 
 scene of previous revolutionary conflict, he was arrested and 
 threatened with shooting ; the authorities were, however, content 
 to have him escorted out of the city. Ebsworth has left a vast 
 number of journals relating to this tour. 
 
 On returning to England, he resided in Edinburgh until 
 October, 1860, when he went to Cambridge, where at St. John's 
 College he " dwelt, literally as in the headline, on the hbrary stair- 
 case with all the books." While at Cambridge Ebsworth 
 saw a great deal of Ellicott, whom he always loved and 
 whose works were among the latest he read. Ellicott on his 
 part had a deep personal regard for him. 
 
 Charles Kingsley was at this time delivering his historical 
 lectures on the United States of America, and " he gave me a first 
 class at the exam, which I voluntarily attended. I learned to 
 love him personally, and several times saw his beautiful daughter ; 
 but I never swerved from my opinion, or deliberate conviction, 
 that his greatest blunder in Ufe (and the Vicar of Eversley made 
 many of them in his pubHc utterances), was his unlucky 
 
 Ebsworth 
 becomes a 
 Freemason. 
 
 Ebsworth 
 
 leaves 
 Glasgow. 
 
 Goes on tour 
 through 
 Europe. 
 
 Goes to 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Ellicott. 
 Kingsley. 
 
296 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 J. H. 
 
 Newman. 
 
 Ordination. 
 
 Buries an 
 
 unbaptized 
 
 ciiild. 
 
 Wins tlie 
 
 hearts of the 
 
 gipsies. 
 
 and indefensible insult against John Henry Newman in the 
 libellous pamphlet ' What then does Dr. Newman Mean ? ' 
 It must have been a bitter memory and humiliation to 
 Charles Kingsley, while life remained, to feel the scathing 
 brand of Newman's scorn. In the later editions of the 
 ' Apologia pro Vita Sua,' Newman generously cancelled and omitted 
 all the personalities of his rejoinder to Kingsley, his unpardoned 
 and unpardonable assailant. They had won their triumphant 
 success, and needed no recall or repetition. The ' Apologia,' 
 cleansed and immaculate, survives as a literary triumph, and 
 theological landmark, and will do so for ages." 
 
 In 1864 Ebsworth took his degree of B.A., and on the 31st of 
 July was ordained at Bishopthorpe by his dear friend Dr. William 
 Thomson, Archbishop of York, and on the 1st of August he became 
 curate of Market Weighton. He often recalled with affection his 
 coUege days, and considered that he could " see a purer theological 
 course of study than what attends the clergy now. We have 
 plenty of noisy ostentation and polemical bitterness, but we seem 
 to be ever receding from the single-minded aim that used to lead 
 us onward to the light. I have been no bigot in my time, no willing 
 squabbler over differences in creeds. From my earliest childhood 
 I found myself nurtured in what was taught me by the excellent 
 Bishop Terrot, in our Episcopal Church of Scotland, at Edinburgh, 
 where we were esteemed Dissenters, but grew in faith and quiet 
 useful practice of piety and self-help and unity, without warring 
 against dissentient sects or straying into doubts and extravagances. 
 Episcopalians, yes, but modestly and sincerely Christians, apart, 
 but not arrogant." 
 
 Ebsworth's intercourse with the vicar was not cordial, and on 
 the latter's refusal to bury the baby of a sailor's wife because it had 
 not been baptized, Ebsworth went to the house of the poor woman, 
 read the Burial Service over the open coffin, strewing flowers in it, 
 and attended the funeral the same night. 
 
 While at Market Weighton he won the hearts of the wandering 
 gipsies by explaining to them in groups the coloured pictures of 
 Dick Turpin's ride, which had been posted on the railway bridges 
 to announce a coming circus troup. Ebsworth would tell them all 
 the story of Harrison Ainsworth's ' Rookwood,' and would show 
 how true were Dick's friends the gipsies, who helped to disguise 
 him when he had ridden Black Bess to death at the outskirts of 
 York. Especially would the gipsies gaze curiously at the pictures 
 of Dick's warning, the suspended malefactor in chains on a moorland 
 gibbet. With highwaymen, " as with poachers and smugglers and 
 other born vagabonds, I have the native affinity. My long pedes- 
 trianism in Bohemia, Moravia, and other out-of-the-way places 
 in the heart of Europe, my acquisition of the Tohek language 
 and much of the Romany lingo, gathered from Borrow and others, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 297 
 
 made me free of every Gipsy tent wherever I roved During 
 
 my twelve years' residence at Challock Lees I would attend the 
 sick gipsies on the common, in the canvas-covered hoops of their 
 remarkable dwellings. Never once did they pilfer a chicken, a 
 garment, or a plank of wood from my house or person." " To this 
 day [June 14th, 1903] I meet some who have thus known me." 
 When Ebsworth got to Molash he still showed kindness to the 
 gipsies, marrying them, baptizing their children, and when death 
 visited them burying them, giving in all cases official certificates 
 without fee, to protect them from aggression. 
 
 On Royal Oak Day, 1865, Ebsworth was married to Margaret, His marriage, 
 the eldest daughter of the Rev. William Blore, M.A., Rector of 
 Goodmanham, East Yorkshire, and they went to live at Bradford, 
 where he was curate of St. Stephen's, Bowling, and afterwards at 
 Christchurch. 
 
 The following letter from his mother was received by him 
 on his forty-third birthday : — 
 
 4, Montgomery Street, September 1st, 1867. His mother's 
 
 My own DEAB Joe, letter on his 
 
 A mother's blessing greets you : a mother's love and gratitude birthday, 
 ifi, and always will be, yours. 
 
 Her prayers are humbly offered up to heaven for your peace, 
 your prosperity, your happiness, here and hereafter. 
 
 May each succeeding anniversary of your birthday bring you 
 some new joy, some new triumph, is the heart-felt prayer of 
 
 Your loving mother, 
 
 Maey Emma Ebswoeth. 
 
 The rain, which has been incessant, Friday, yesterday, and 
 to-day, has doubtless prevented a dear friend of mine paying 
 her promised visit, and adding her good wishes to mine, but conclude 
 them sent, with others of your friends, whom I have seen. Mr. 
 and Miss Gibb, Mrs. Ness, and Mr. Smith, of Antigua Street. He 
 says : " Mr. Joseph will be glad to learn that my son, Robert, is 
 in Holy Orders, and has preached some three or four times here 
 in Edinburgh." 
 
 I have only seen Mr. Herdman once since your father left. 
 
 With love to dear Margaret and yourself. 
 
 Ever your affectionate mother, 
 M. E. Ebswoeth. 
 
 In January, 1871, Ebsworth became Vicar of Molash, by Ash- Appointed to 
 ford. When he got there he did not allow himself many holidays, Molash. 
 the longest being in 1873, while the church was closed for repairs. 
 In addition to this a vicarage had to be built, and for this he raised 
 the whole 1,600Z., without asking a penny from his parishioners. 
 It stands on the site of the former Priory of Molesse vel Molyshe. 
 
298 
 
 NOTES BY THE WA'S?. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Ebsworth was its first independent vicar since its separation from 
 Chilham. His other two holidays he made between Sundays : 
 one in 1874, and the second in 1888, when he " rushed up to Glasgow 
 Hisoldfriend for the great Exhibition." While there he met his old friend John 
 John Muir Muir "Wood : " He was for Scottish song and music what our common 
 friend William Chappell has been for the song and ballad school of 
 England." In 1887 Muir Wood published his final " Balmoral 
 Edition," so named in honour of Queen Victoria. In it he records 
 that " William Chappell is one of our highest authorities on national 
 music, and Ebsworth is one of the best authorities on the subject 
 of our ancient ballads." Muir Wood, in quoting from ' The Rox- 
 burghe Ballads ' " Tak your auld cloak about ye," gives Ebsworth's 
 opinion regarding the common right of Scotland and England to 
 claim this and other ballads that had belonged to the older district 
 of Northumbria, lying betwixt the Forth and the Humber. Ebs- 
 worth, writing to me on the 26th of August, 1906, says : " This is 
 exactly what I hold to this day." Muir Wood died at Annandale 
 Cove, Dumbartonshire, on the 25th of June, 1892, in the eighty- 
 seventh year of his age. 
 
 Ebsworth remained at Molash until his retirement in 1894, 
 when he and his wife went to live at Ashford. During the twenty- 
 three years they were at Molash, although there was discord, as is 
 frequently the case in country villages, they endeared themselves 
 to most of the parishioners, and to these Ebsworth was known as 
 "the good, kind Vicar of Molash, and friend of all." Many who, 
 from different causes, had to leave Molash would recall with delight 
 " the benefits received at the little church, and the dear pastor and 
 friend they had there." 
 
 His 
 
 retirement 
 from Molash. 
 
 Devotes 
 
 himself to 
 
 ballad 
 
 history. 
 
 At Ashford Ebsworth devoted most of his time to his favourite 
 study, our ballad history, with occasional " rushes " (he always 
 rushed) to the British Museum, where George Bullen, and after- 
 wards Dr. Garnett, were ever ready to help by having the books 
 he wanted looked out and placing a quiet table at his disposal. 
 For Gamett Ebsworth always retained a most aifectionate regard, 
 and among his papers I found the following cutting from The Liver- 
 pool Daily Post of the 27th of February, 1897, and at the back is 
 a note wTitten bjr Ebsworth : " Dr. Richard Gamett died in his 
 71st year at London on the morning of Good Friday, 13 April, 
 1905." The lines were either by Dr. Garnett or given by him to 
 Ebsworth. The editor of the Daily Post has kindly made search 
 for me, but cannot trace the author ; and the insertion of them in 
 ' N. & Q.' brought no reply. 
 
 " King Chables the Mabtye. — The revival of the Stuart cultus has 
 reached Pennsylvania, and has led some American Episcopalians, with 
 the sanction of their bishop, to put in a Philadelphian church a window 
 dedicated to the memory of ' King Charles the Martyr.' Not far from 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 299 
 
 it IS the City Hall, the dome of which is surmounted by a gigantic statue 
 of William Penn. Hereupon a humourist has imagined this dialogue : 
 Quoth William Penn to Martyr Charles, 
 
 ' You '11 scarcely feel at home 
 Down there upon a window-pane 
 
 While I enjoy the dome. 
 ' Let me step down and out, I pray. 
 
 And you be patron saint. 
 A Friend ought not to stand- in bronze. 
 
 And leave a King in paint.' 
 Quoth Martyr Charles to William Penn, 
 
 ' 'Tis best to let things be ; 
 They 're used to looking up at you, 
 
 AJad they can see through me.' " 
 
 Another kind friend of whom Ebsworth always spoke with 
 gratitude was Mr. Hodge, of the firm of Sothebv Wilkinson •& Hodge, 
 who gave " to me continuously at his private rooms full access to' 
 rare MSS." Particularly was this the case when the Jersey Collec- 
 tion was dispersed. 
 
 The frequent illness of his wife gave Ebsworth cause for much 
 anxiety, but otherwise their lives went on tranquilly. 
 
 One anniversary always held in remembrance was May 29th, 
 their wedding day, which was to Ebsworth, with his Cavalier 
 instincts, what he called " a triple anniversary," as it included 
 the birthday and restoration of Charles II. Friends would send 
 them boxes full of oak-leaves and dainty little oak sprigs. 
 
 On the 18th of April, 1906, Ebsworth's wife died, and in the ^^^^^^fl^ ^'' 
 following February he had to part with the larger portion of his 
 valuable library. On the 18th of March he removed to a small 
 house in Godinton Road. Here he had numerous visitors — his 
 old friend Dr. Wilks, " the good physician " ; his nephew Mr. 
 Hill of Hythe ; the clergy from St. John's ; Mr. Thimann, the 
 minister of the Congregational Church ; his cousin Mr. Lindsay, 
 and many others. The evening shadows were fast drawing in, 
 but he felt full of the joy of life, working with a will, when health 
 permitted, at his Index to the Ballads, written with his usual 
 beautiful, small, clear hand, and reading again the books that had 
 delighted him in his youth. On the 29th of March, 1908, he wrote : 
 
 "This morning bright with sunshine, a true and hopeful 1908, Mar. 29. 
 spring day, as peaceful and sweet as could be wished for. As you 
 already know, I rejoice at the beautiful view from my bedroom 
 window, with its wide expanse of meadow land stretching south- 
 wardly towards the unseen coast at Hytiie and Folkestone. The 
 second anniversary of dear Margaret's funeral is drawing nigh, 
 preceded, of course, by the ever-memorable and glorious Easter, 
 which is the festival you and I most dearly love and welcome, year 
 by year. I am well aware how improbable it is that I shall survive 
 
300 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 to see another beyond that which is expected to greet us on the 
 19th of April. Many have been the warnings that have reached 
 you and me of late, by the sudden death of true and trusty friends, 
 that ' we have no abiding city here,' but are Birds of Passage, 
 winging our way home." 
 April 13. On the 13th of April he wrote : — 
 
 " I had felt very closely on Sunday last that I was drawing 
 near * the breaking-point,' and yesterday was unable to write at 
 all, although I particularly wished to send for your kind acceptance 
 the accompanying portraits, specially copied, of my dearest wife 
 whose birthday we have always celebrated on each 21st of Febru- 
 ary." 
 May 24. On the 24th of May he wrote : — 
 
 " Next Friday, 29th of May, will be the triple anniversary 
 endeared to us, viz., birthday of Charles II., his Restoration Day, 
 1660, and the forty-second anniversary of my own wedding day 
 to my darling and beloved Margaret at Goodmanham Church .... 
 Surely no lovelier weather than what we have enjoyed here could 
 have signalized the Empire Day of 1908. The sunset is brilliantly 
 streaking the sky in the far west at this moment at 35 minutes 
 past 7, and a constant succession of small groups of happy foot 
 passengers continue to pass along the high road and across the stone 
 bridge, blackened by railway-engine smoke, before my eyes ; 
 behind, the green pasture fields where cattle are browsing, and 
 numerous sheep are contentedly performing their mysterious 
 alchemy of transmuting herbage into mutton. Everything looks 
 peaceful. To the far horizon a capacious Union Jack waved above 
 the square tower of Chart Church, due south, and visible clearly 
 throughout the day until furled for evening service .... With great 
 enjoyment I have been once again reading my old favourite Charles 
 Lever's brilliant military novel ' Jack Hinton the Guardsman,' 
 with Phiz's original etchings, in succession to his ' Harry Lorrequer.' ' ' 
 
 Oakappleday. His weekly letters to me still continued, and on Sunday the 
 
 eve of " the glorious first of June " he wrote : — 
 
 " I was glad to see by yesterday's Daily Graphic picture that 
 Oakapple Day had been duly observed at Chelsea around the statue 
 of Charles II. by the aged and loyal pensioners, in honour of him 
 whose last commission to his brother James of York was ' not 
 to let Nelly starve.' " 
 
 His ' Cavalier Thus Ebsworth in his last long letter to me still dwelt upon his 
 
 Lyncs. favourite Stuarts, and was true to the description of himself as 
 
 " this determined Stuartist and loyal Cavalier." Joseph Knight in 
 
 his review of ' Cavalier Lyrics ' in Notes and Queries, January 1st, 
 
 1887, says of him : — 
 
 " If ever there was a soul born a couple of centuries too late, it 
 is that of the Vicar of Molash .... It is not a mere question of admiration 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 301 
 
 and enthusiasm for the brave gentlemen who cast in their lot with the 
 Stuart kings, melted their plate into money, armed their servants 
 into companies, and gave up their estates and their Uves, accepting 
 ungrudgingly penury, exile, and death. Into the very soul of these 
 men Mr. Ebsworth enters, leading, as it were, their lives, warmed by 
 their loves, flushed with their hatreds, inspired by their scorns. The 
 name of ' crop-ear' d Puritan ' is with him a phrase of burning signifi- 
 cance ; the health of King Charles is drvmk by him unbonnetted and 
 kneeling, with the resolution of enthusiasm and the fervency of prayer. 
 For the Puritans of to-day, for those who would have no more cakes 
 and ale, would take away from our coimtry the name of Merry England, 
 and substitute sour visages for happy faces, Mr. Ebsworth has unquali- 
 fied contempt. It is, however, an old-world scorn. He is a not un- 
 generous foe. For ' Old Noll,' who ' plays the right card, tho' he holds 
 the wrong suit,' he has an enforced admiration ; and after the restoration 
 of monarchy he calls on Milton, who has fallen on ' evil days ' and 
 ' evil tongues,' and is ' in darkness and with dangers compass'd round,' 
 and shakes him by the hand." 
 
 Ebsworth's death took place on Whitsunday, the 7th of June, His death. 
 1908. The manner of his death was just as he himself would 
 have desired. Seated in his garden at Ashford, Kent, looking to the 
 lovely meadows beyond, so often described in his letters, in the 
 sweet quiet of a Sunday afternoon, conversing with tho.se of his 
 own household, he passed away without a sigh. I had received 
 from him the same morning at Brighton his post card, which 
 always preceded the " proper " letter he would write to me on 
 Sunday evening. On it he wrote : — 
 
 " I hope you are as happy as I am, although I am lying 'cabin'd, 
 cribb'd, confin'd ' in bed, with all that I need of literary treasures 
 heaped around me on the counterpane .... I have newly received, 
 safely packed and in prime condition, direct from the manager of 
 The Times newspaper, the splendid big folio vol. descriptive, 
 with specimens, &c., of 'The Historians' History of the World.' 
 It even surpasses my best expectations. Sitting under the sword 
 of Damocles, as I do, and know it, I decline to use the privilege of 
 the week's loan of the 25 vols. All well here." 
 
 Only the previous Sunday I received from him a photograph 
 of the portrait of himself painted by Duncan when he was with 
 Ebsworth at the Glasgow School of Design in 1853. Among later 
 portraits of him is one taken in 1873, at the special request of the 
 then Archbishop of Canterbury, for Mrs. Campbell Tait's own 
 authorized collection of the Canterbury district (Weald of Kent) 
 clergy. 
 
 To the last he would marvel at the youth and energy remaining His learning, 
 to him ; his memory never failed him, and his accuracy of quotation 
 was extraordinary. With all his learning there was an entire 
 absence of self-assertion, and in a modest way he was ever willing 
 to convey to others information from his vast stores. His affec- 
 
302 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 tionate nature endeared him to all who had the privilege of his 
 friendship. " I have done my best, such as it is," he recently 
 wrote to me. " Already there seems to be arising a mist before me." 
 I hear a voice you cannot hear. 
 Which says I must not stay ; 
 I see a hand you cannot see. 
 Which beckons me away. 
 
 Ebsworth previous to his wife's death had expressed a wish 
 to be buried either with his father at the Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh, 
 at the feet of his beloved teacher David Scott, or under the old 
 yews at Molash ; but when his wife died, the cemetery at Ashford 
 being more convenient, she was buried there, and on the 11th of 
 June his remains were placed in the same grave. 
 
 The following from Mr. John T. Page appeared in Notes and 
 Queries on the 27th of June, 1908 : — 
 
 Mr. Ebsworth forwarded to me in 1882 the following cha- 
 racteristic " Impromptu " by way of epitaph, as he said, " not 
 without some remembrance of ' Gabriel John ' " : — 
 
 BPITAPHnjM VIVT ATJCTOEIS. 
 
 Underneath this sod or stone. 
 Wave or sand (to him all 's one 
 Now his little Life is done), 
 Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth lies ; 
 Whom, if you so choose, you '11 prize. 
 Ere his time to wake and rise. 
 Yes, he lies ! though he sought truth, 
 Old in years, in heart a youth ; 
 Loving Maggie, Maud, and Ruth : 
 In his breast was room for more 
 (Let us say, at least, a score). 
 With big tomes of Ballad-lore. 
 Others strove for power or wealth, 
 He prized study, cahn, and health : 
 Slipt through life as though by stealth. 
 Thus, good hap ! was known by few, 
 Never once was seen by you. 
 For he was not oft " on view." 
 Bards and Critics nowadays 
 Haunt too much the public ways ; 
 While the crowds, with gossip, gaze. 
 He made choice to lonely tread 
 His shy paths, with flowerets spread : 
 Half forgotten, 'live or dead. 
 
 25 March, 1882. 
 
 J. W. Ebswobth. 
 
 Ebsworth^s Ebsworth's love for his father and mother remained with 
 
 f°th^°'^^d ^™ ^^^ through his life. He never forgot their birthdays, 
 
 mother. *^^ *^® anniversaries of their deaths vreve always held 
 
 sacred by him. In one letter he writes : " Yesterday, the 
 
 22nd of June, was the anniversary of my father's wedding, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 303 
 
 1817, and his death in 1868." He died suddenly in his own 
 garden, in the manner in which his son died forty years later. 
 Three weeks previously he had received the news of the death 
 of his son Charles, by a fall of two hundred feet in Australia at 
 the early age of thirty-four. This shock caused his death. 
 Ebsworth, writing to Mr. Arthur HiU in reference to it on the 
 22nd March, 1902 states " The only thing my father dreaded, in 
 his eightieth year, was a partial death of mind while body 
 lingered, or of stricken body -with an absent mind. He had 
 been wonderfully robust until the stroke came to him, after 
 sunset on the fifty-first anniversary of his birthday, and the fiftieth, 
 birthday of his eldest chUd Emilie Co well. He had been reading" 
 Alexander Smith's beautiful essay ' On Death and Dying,' and 
 marked the closing lines with a sprig of flowers. On the Sunday 
 following, his own music was played and sung in churches of all 
 denominations in Edinburgh. No complete list of his writings can 
 be obtained ; his son has named some of them in the biography 
 he wrote for the ' Dictionary of National Biography.' Many of 
 his MSS., beautifully written, are now in my possession. He 
 did indeed leave sweet memories to aU who knew him, especially 
 to those nearest to him. 
 
 In the June of the year following the widow wrote from Edin- 
 burgh to the lady in Australia who had been engaged to her dead 
 son : — 
 
 My Dear YOtrNG Friend, — Had our dear Charles lived, 
 I should have been privileged to have addressed you by a nearer 
 and dearer title, that of his wife and my daughter. I loved my 
 boy ; he was but a boy when he left his home in 1852 — as such 
 he lived in my remembrance, and in that of his dear father. The 
 shock of learning the sudden and irremediable loss we had sustained 
 was too much for the father, who was always hoping to see him. 
 
 And did / not feel that loss ? Oh, yes, for it was to me, his 
 mother, that aU his letters and papers were addressed. I would 
 be — and he humoured my foible — Al with him. I had to strive 
 against my own grief, to endeavour to impart comfort to his sorrow- 
 ing father, in which I was materially assisted by my eldest son 
 (the Rev. Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth, M.A.), who hurried from 
 England immediately upon receiving the, to us all, sad intelligence, 
 and did not leave his father until his filial attentions, his consoling 
 
 assurance enabled us to say, "Thy will, Lord, not mine, 
 
 be done." You will have learnt that the father and son, who had 
 been all in all to each other, who were as brothers, companions, 
 and friends, never met again in life. 
 
 Again my eldest son was summoned from England. Agam 
 he hurried here, to pay the last sad duties to his dear father, and 
 comfort, if comfort could be afforded to, his widowed mother. 
 It was his desire and that of his dear good wife that I should return 
 
 Death of 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Ebsworth. 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Ebsworth's 
 
 letter to her 
 
 son Charles's 
 
 betrothed. 
 
304 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 with him there, after the funeral, and take up my abode with 
 them, making it my home for life. I could not leave Edinburgh 
 then, and though my son has come specially several times to take 
 me back with him, I cannot make up my mind to leave here. He 
 has respected my weakness — a weakness which I cannot surmount 
 — secured me a pleasant domicile in my old neighbourhood, and 
 writes me so lovingly, very, very often, sometimes twice and thrice 
 a week, with ample remittances for my worldly wants, and I am 
 grateful to him. 
 
 I have inflicted a longer letter upon you than I intended. . . . 
 AU Charley's friends are dear to me, and mine. 
 
 I bid you farewell, with loving wishes for your happiness here 
 and hereafter. 
 
 Ever your sincere friend, 
 
 Maky Emma Ebswobth. 
 
 His sister's Emihe, writing to her brother at the New Year, 1882, says : 
 
 remembrance " The family ties are sadly broken now. Father, mother, and ten 
 
 of the home children ; now only four of us, and aU parted Memory brings 
 
 back the pleasant pictures of old breakfasts and suppers when we 
 children scarcely cared to eat, so absorbed were we in dear father's 
 songs or readings. How we used to laugh at the well-known jests ! 
 how thrill with horror when hearing of the Plague or the Fire of 
 London ! I remember the bright eyes of ' Man Bob,' the baby 
 archness of little Jem, the sweet laugh of little Willie, and my pale- 
 faced Joe, who used to call for Emilie in all his troubles, and in 
 whose childish drawings and anecdotes I felt almost a mother's 
 interest. Oh, how I loved them aU ! " His wife survived him 
 thirteen years, dying at Walworth on the 13th of October, 1881, 
 and was buried at Norwood. 
 
 Ebsworth was much interested in the question asked by M. A. 
 in Notes and Queries, March 14th, 1908, as to whether he was a 
 descendant of the Ebsworths of Gloucestershire. To this Colonel 
 Parry replied on the 18th of April that a " Cirencester will of 
 1673 shows that a William Ebsworth was living there at that time ; 
 and another Cirencester will of 1725 mentions Sarah Ebsworth." 
 Ebsworth wrote to me the following day : " Now it is a great gain, 
 the information gathered from Lieut. -Col. Parry about Sarah 
 . Ebsworth of 1725, for almost certainly she is the very ' Sarah Ebs- 
 withThe^HiU ^°''*^ ' ^^° '^^^ ^^e ancestress, i.e., afterwards Sarah Hill, nee 
 family. Ebsworth, who is the connecting link of our Ebsworth-cum-Hill 
 families. It is an important clue." The family of Hills connected 
 with the Ebsworths are the Hills of New Bond Street, the well- 
 known musical instrument makers, their speciality being that of 
 our old friend Pepys noted in his diary of the 17th of February, 
 1660 : " In ye morning came Mr. HiU, ye instrument maker, and 
 I consulted with him about ye altering my lute and my viall." 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 305 
 
 His letter to 
 me. 
 
 The grandmother of Mr. Arthur Hill and Mr. WiUiam Henry 
 Hill of Bond Street, nee Sarah Ebsworth, was sister of Ebsworth's 
 grandfather. His Christian name was also Joseph. He had a 
 younger brother named George, who was famed as a copperplate 
 printer, so no doubt Ebsworth inherited this special talent from 
 his great-uncle, who was very fond of him. 
 
 My first meeting with Ebsworth was on the occasion of my My first 
 father's funeral, April 18th, 1882, when he came up from Molash i^eeting with 
 especially to be present. On his way, as he walked through ™' 
 
 Eastwell Park, he gathered spring flowers to place on the coffin. 
 From that date he wrote to nie each week, and his letters form 
 a series of criticisms on English literature. A few extracts will, 
 I think, prove of interest. 
 
 The first letter after my father's death naturally referred 
 to him. Ebsworth wrote : — 
 
 " Your father was one of the noblest of men ; a thorough His regard for 
 Englishman in every sterling quality — the clear-sightedness of ™y father, 
 business and the clear-sightedness of the true Christian combined ; 
 gentle, yet firm ; of principles that nothing could shake, of affection 
 that quivered to the touch. There was no one on whom we could 
 more fully depend for well-balanced judgment, and, although so 
 well fitted for any leading position in this world of ours, he always 
 seemed to me to be really dwelling in a purer atmosphere than our 
 crowded London, for his citizenship was of a higher region, and he 
 drew his strength from more holy sources than are often recognized 
 amid the pressure of business. He has long given us, calmly and 
 convincingly, the lesson of how to live ; he now has added the lesson 
 how to die." 
 
 DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI. 
 
 " Dante Rossetti's letters to Allingham ought to be preserved 1898, Mar. 24. 
 
 lastingly as the best introduction to his literary work Joseph Dante Gabriel 
 
 Knight's estimable volume in the series of ' Great Writers ' has Eossetti. 
 always seemed to me the only worthy and adequate summary 
 biography .... Quite recently I visited the New Gallery selection 
 of Rossetti's works, and to me, who knew previously nearly all 
 the works of other painters exhibited there, the Rossetti formed 
 the most memorable for retrospect." In reference to later 
 editions of his poems Ebsworth continues : " I by no means think 
 that all, or nearly all, of the later revisions and extensive alterations 
 were improvements on the early published text. Very far 
 from it. The chloral excesses, induced by nervousness, follow- 
 ing the death of his wife, and above, all the murderous slanders 
 of Robert Buchanan, weakened his judgment, otherwise he 
 would n,ever have cancelled the exquisite sonnet of ' Nuptial 
 
306 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Traill's 
 
 parody of 
 
 ' Sister 
 
 Helen.' 
 
 Sleep ' from ' The House of Life ' for ever. There is always to be 
 remembered that in lapse of years the best poets drift into very 
 diverse regions of thought, and the oldening man loses sympathy 
 with his former self. As Shakespeare the omniscient sings, 'Crabbed 
 age and youth cannot live together.' No, not in the mind of the 
 same pronounced individual. Alexander Smith and his true 
 teacher, the still living and unstained Philip James Bailey, concede 
 that ' we must count time by heart throbs.' Rossetti thus con- 
 sidered was a veritable patriarch when he took that overdose of 
 chloral at the Birchington bungalow .... To my mind D. G. R. 
 ' Sister Helen ' is knocked to pieces and sent to smithereens by 
 the later annexations, prolongations, and unutterable drearinesses. 
 Do you know H. D. Traill's stupendously comic parody of the 
 ' Sister Helen ' ? if not so, tell me, and I wUl transcribe it from his 
 delightful volume of ' Recaptured Rhymes,' 1882." 
 
 1901, Dec. 17. 
 
 F. W. 
 Robinson. 
 
 F. W. ROBINSON. 
 
 " Think how honest and true, how thoroughly wholesome 
 and clean, was the work of P. W. Robinson, whose career is newly 
 closed, after a long course of blameless and invigorating fiction. . . . 
 I read a few days ago in the Christmas number ' Holly Leaves ' 
 a delightful Uttle story by him, ' Rescued by a Woman,' a 
 tramway-car incident of a wet-day adventure, told in an unaffected 
 and convincing manner, ending happily, such as Charles Dickens 
 would have been proud to have owned, as being in his best spirit 
 and manner ; and this was F. W. R.'s latest story. Nearly all of 
 his voluminous works I have read with pleasure during these 
 forty-five years, serially beginning with ' Anne Judge, Spinster,' 
 in GasselVs Magazine ; and although, of course, some of his half- 
 hundred were inferior to others, there was never one that was 
 not sound at heart and honourable, never a page that, ' dying, he 
 might wish to blot.' Some few, at least, deserve continuance of 
 life and grateful memory. His own distinct personality, so devoid 
 of the silly and obtrusive egotism and boastfulness nowadays 
 disgustingly apparent, enhances the charm of all that he revealed 
 of his inner life and charitable outlook." 
 
 BYRON. 
 
 1902, Feb. 22. " Whatever faults and mistakes marred the social and moral 
 
 Byron. ^'^® ^^ Byron, and also whatever flaws there were in his workman- 
 ship, he was nevertheless, by nature a far nobler man than Pope, 
 and his best admirers love his best work better than ever he himself 
 unselfishly loved and praised the writings of the author of ' The 
 Dunciad.' In fact, his admiration for the satires led him on a 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 307 
 
 ^v^ong road, from the early days of his own great success in ' English 
 Bards.' I cannot but regret his waste of power on his later satires, 
 the ' Hints from Horace,' the attacks on Elgin (to whom the world 
 owes the preservation of the matchless ' Elgin Marbles,' which 
 were in imminent danger of destruction), the 'Age of Bronze,' 
 and ' The Blues ' — aU of which combined can well be spared 
 from reproduction after this complete Library issue, and one 
 cannot avoid a fear that much of the other work whereon Byron 
 incessantly tried to relieve his restless mind, like a caged lioness 
 angrily traversing the space behind the bars of her prison, is more 
 likely to prove a cumbersome burden to damage his continuous 
 fame than by any means a help, except only as manifestations of 
 his feverish activity and versatility. As it has been exemplified 
 in the career of our late admirable Laureate, Tennyson, dramatic 
 genius was conspicuously wanting. The true work which shows him 
 at his highest and best must ever remain pre-eminent, the ' Don 
 Juan.' I detest the silly infatuation of his virtual suicide in adven- 
 turing for the factious and rebellious Greek insurgents, because 
 each new canto of ' Don Juan ' would have been greater gain. 
 Byron in the (prematurely final) cantos xv. and xvi. was Byron 
 unequalled. In forbidding him to continue ' Don Juan ' his 
 mistress the Guiccioli slew him." 
 
 Guiccioli, 
 
 SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER. 
 
 " I can venture to boast that I knew Gardiner as intimately 
 as he cared to be known. In our political views we were dia- 
 metrically opposed, and in his shifty religionism, flitting through 
 almost every conceivable phase of Nonconformity and antagonism 
 to the Church of England, so that I expected he might finally 
 gravitate towards Romanism, or still more probably to agnosticism 
 and unavowed atheism, but that his political anti-Cavalierism 
 
 outweighed the force of his co-called reUgious enthusiasm 
 
 It is, I believe, simply impossible to avoid partisanship in con- 
 sidering those days of the Stuarts. The old contests so live anew 
 in the squalid prejudices of our own intemperate controversialists 
 that no genuine historian could hold the readers' attention if he 
 perpetually obtruded the pretence of declared but fallacious ' im- 
 partiality.' Certainly, such tame indifferentism would be detest- 
 able. Every one is summoned to be in earnest, and to strike 
 boldly for the cause he holds the just. 
 
 "He had the personal right to choose his standard, and to 
 habitually aim at exalting his anti-monarchical ideal, of plotting 
 and warfare. As for the criticism of the day, that he sought merely 
 for truth, and found it merely on the CromweUian or pre-Crom- 
 
 V 2 
 
 1902, Mar. 1. 
 
 Samuel 
 
 Rawson 
 
 Gardiner. 
 
308 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 March 
 
 Mr. Firth. 
 
 wellian side, in discontent, puritanism, and rebellion, it is merely 
 fiddle-faddle. His evident bias made him blind to all merit in our 
 loyalist service and struggles. 
 
 " I think that my conviction of his chief error, the total 
 deficiency to estimate what we painters call ' aerial perspective,' 
 is not only compatible with what The Athenaeum finely shows to 
 have been his lifelong habit of from-day-to-day step-by-step pro- 
 gress, but moreover to have been resultant from this habit carried 
 to excess. He could not get outside of himself and the irksomely 
 slow gradual evolution of ideas. It was the spirit of an annalist, 
 or diarist ; not the genius of an historian. In fact, I cannot — 
 with all my due admiration for his marvellous industry and -per- 
 tinacity — behold any such genius at all. He had never acquired 
 a sound judgment on the size and importance of things. His 
 historical habit was like the exhausted receiver of an air-pump, 
 wherein a feather or a guinea might fall with equal rapidity deprived 
 of wind-resistance. He accumulated multitudinous grains of 
 facts like dust, into a head, and scarcely discriminated at all as to 
 their relative value. Hence it followed that he was raising at the end 
 mounds of unfertilized lumber, in great part rubbish, requiring to 
 be resifted after removal, and only the good part retained." 
 
 Ebsworth again refers to Gardiner on March 8th : — 
 
 " The fact remains that his life was an incessant drudgery 
 
 It is a certainty, and no fancy, that to his chosen successor, my 
 friend Mr. Firth of Oxford, as I am entitled to call him, we can all 
 look for the promised completion of Gardiner's ' CromweD,' and the 
 necessary continuation up to the Restoration : the only man capable 
 of performing the task, and, I feel sure, far better than Gardiner 
 would possibly have done it. Firth has the large-mindedness, 
 the all-roundness, and unprejudiced insight and philosophy, which 
 S. R. G. lacked." 
 
 HAZLITT. 
 
 was consequent upon 
 Hazlitt ' in Longman's 
 
 1902, Aug. 24. The following in reference to Hazlitt 
 
 Hazlitt. " dear " Andrew Lang's article on Birrell's ' 
 Magazine, August, 1902 : — ■ 
 
 " I scarcely claim that William Hazlitt can be rightly included 
 among our ' Great Writers,' but for certain rare excellences he is 
 more delightful than many men whose powers were more complete 
 and sustained. To one who, like me, has known and loved him in 
 literature as a distinct and powerful influence, possessing that rare 
 quality which Matthew Arnold, when writing on Heine, defines as 
 ' charm,' there is a special and unfading interest centred in Hazlitt. 
 He is, for one thing, inseparably connected with the group of half 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 309 
 
 untrammelled literary revolutionists who were silently bringing a 
 new element into daily life and light reading when the nineteenth 
 century was new-born. Whosoever thinks of Charles Lamb or 
 the far inferior and self-conceited Cockney trifler Leigh Hunt, 
 let alone the deeper-thoughted Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge, 
 must mevitably, to my mind, prize the unbalanced, but thoroughly 
 human and forgivable William HazUtt. Honestly, I believe he was 
 occasionally crazed and irresponsible as a man, in his actions, his 
 quarrels, his conduct about his wife, and the idiocy of his ' Libre 
 Amoris,' the abortive dallying with his lodging-housekeeper's 
 daughter, of whose evident contempt for him he is the silly recorder. 
 I have wondered whether Anthony Trollope was not thinking of 
 this episode when reproducing the similarly debasing entanglement 
 of Johnny Eames in 'The Small House at Allington.' I tho- 
 roughly agree as to Hazlitt having perpetrated the dastardly attack 
 on his former friend S. T. Coleridge in the Edinburgh — more shame 
 to Jeffrey. And yet Coleridge was wrongheaded enough, as in 
 his base and brutal perversion of Maturin's ' Bertram ' in ' Biogra- 
 graphia Literaria,' to deserve merciless rebukes himself. And I 
 deeply love the poet of ' The Ancient Mariner ' and ' Christabel,' 
 but assuredly no less do I love the faulty, and for ever in unrest, 
 Hazlitt — even as my father did. Few things touch one so deeply 
 as his Winterslow essays, ' My First Acquaintance with Poets ' 
 and ' On Persons one would wish to have Seen.' The latter was 
 first published in The New Monthly Magazine, 1826, when I was 
 young, and my father read it aloud in my hearing not long after. 
 That great evening when Lamb ' suggested the subject as 
 well as the defence of Guy Faux ' must have been about the 
 year 1805-6, for Hazlitt incidentally mentions it as ' a conversation 
 that passed twenty years ago — how time slips ! ' — p. 37 of 1850 
 edition. I should be sorry to think that Hazlitt's best essays and 
 sketches, including the Winterslow and ' The Characters of Shake- 
 speare's Plays ' (almost the only book except Dr. Wm. Maginn's 
 on the same worthy to accompany the unsurpassable dramatic 
 extracts and summaries by Charles Lamb), could ever be forgotten 
 or undervalued. And poor Hazlitt's few personal faults carried 
 their own punishment with them. I suspect we love him, and such 
 men as him, the better for them." 
 
 'ASTARTE.' 
 
 " I did see and read, astonishingly, on Friday C. K. Shorter's 1906, Jan. 21. 
 page on that atrocious ' Astarte ' in The Sphere. .. .Can you 'Astarte.' 
 possibly get for me the sight of the Thursday Chronicle review of 
 ' Astarte ' which you mention ? 
 
310 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 "N.B. — To me the revival of the slander appears scandalous. 
 I am too ill to write fully, although I have such intense conviction 
 that John Murray has acted nobly throughout." 
 
 The work to which Ebs worth thus referred was " Astarte : 
 a Fragment of Truth concerning George Gordon Byron, sixth Lord 
 Byron. Recorded by his Grandson Ralph MUbanke, Earl of Love- 
 lace. London, printed at the Chiswick Press, 1905." Only a 
 limited impression was offered for sale at 31. 10s. net, the larger part 
 being reserved for private distribution. Although the work was 
 " formally published," it was " not intended for the market, the 
 principal object being to place these records in the hands of those 
 who for special reasons ought to have the means of acquainting them- 
 selves with the true position of Lord and Lady Byron and their 
 descendants — so long and fundamentally misunderstood." 
 
 The late Lord Lovelace states in the preface : " Facts and com- 
 ments have been here placed together in obedience to two duties. 
 It was right to preserve a minimum of truth and justice from eventual 
 risks, and in some measure at the same time to testify how deeply 
 the sources of literature were poisoned by Byronese traders. The 
 truth may not be attended to now, or adapted for a wide circulation ; 
 still it is henceforth perpetuated in a form accessible to those who 
 choose to search, and the reign of falsehood at last meets with 
 authorized resistance." Lord Lovelace continues : " There was 
 nothing in Lord Byron's amazing indiscretions to justify a counter- 
 feit work of exposing or explaining him away. The sombre outlaw 
 Manfred is a fairer and nobler portrait than the bookseller's Lord 
 Bjrron, emptied of his character and history, converted into an 
 advertising nuisance and inflated into a copious soporific for re- 
 spectable citizens wHling to take a dose of edification. . . .The work 
 of invention did not stop at Lord Byron, but was indulged in against 
 Lady Byron with at least equal profusion ; and in addition to a 
 natural wish that unveracities may bin-st, there are strong reasons 
 for establishing her truth and honour against the unmeasured 
 imposture of certain accusers. Her own authority for such a 
 refutation exists in a paper of directions signed 18th February, 
 1850, as well as in the provisions of her wUI, drawn up in 1860. . . . 
 I am in possession of the original manuscripts subject to those trusts, 
 and it is in exercise of the responsibility attached, that ' Astarte ' 
 has been compiled from the documents thus authenticated." 
 
 In 1849 Lady Noel Byron consigned certain documents to the 
 care of Miss Frances Carr at Ockham Park in a metal box, and on 
 the decease of Miss Carr the box was to be transferred to the f ollo^ving 
 trustees : Sir Francis Hastings Doyle, William Lushington (son of 
 Dr. Lushington), and Henry Bathiu-st, to be " opened at the ex- 
 piration of Thirty Years, namely in 1880, by the then surviving 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 311 
 
 Trustees or Trustee, and the contents thereof shall be disposed of 
 according to their best judgement, for the interests of Truth & 
 Justice, and with due regard to the feelings of whoever may then be 
 the Representative of my Family." This was signed Anna Isabella 
 Noel Byron. 
 
 The late Lord Lovelace (he died on August 28th, 1906), as the 
 representative of the f amUy, chose to have these documents privately 
 published, and his having done so must be the cause of universal 
 regret. Dr. Lushington, " from the best and kiadest motives and 
 long habit of silence," had used his " influence, which was inevitably 
 great, over the others to prevent, or at least postpone, revelation." 
 Would that such a good resolution had prevailed with the grandson ! 
 but as one reads ' Astarte ' one is pained to see the animus with which 
 he regards his gifted grandfather. As to its being " a betrayal of 
 a trust to be silent," Dr. Lushington evidently did not think so ; 
 and any one perusing the instructions left by Lady Byron can read 
 between the lines, and see that Lushington's decision not to publish 
 was the right one. 
 
 As regards Lady Byron, it is indeed true, as The Athenceum 
 stated on September 4th, 1859, at the time of the scandal raised by 
 Mrs. Beecher Stowe, that she was " a noble woman, who needed no 
 apologist " ; and so she remained until her death, which took place 
 on the 16th of May, 1860. Byron had predeceased her thirty-six 
 years. Let us bury in the silence of the grave aU harsh words, and 
 remember that farewell to his wife with " the tears falling fast over 
 the paper as he wrote them " : — 
 
 Fare thee well ! and if for ever, Byron's 
 
 Still for ever, fare thee well : "Fare thee 
 
 Even though unforgiving, never ■"'sll ' " 
 
 'Gainst thee shall my heart rebel. 
 
 Fare thee well ! — thus disunited, 
 
 Torn from every nearer tie, 
 Sear'd in heart, and lone, and blighted, 
 
 More than this I scarce can die. 
 
 On Byron's death Fletcher, his valet, overcome with grief at the 
 loss of one who for twenty years had been " more than a father," 
 brought the " dear and noble remains " to England. On Friday and 
 Saturday, the 9th and 10th of July, 1824, they lay in state at the 
 house of Sir Edward KnatchbuU in Great George Street, and on 
 the following Monday the funeral procession took place. At St. 
 Pancras Church the carriages returned, and the hearse was taken 
 by slow stages to Nottingham. My friend the late Robert Hunt, 
 of the School of Mines, has told me of his presence at the funeral, 
 and of his having laid his hand on the glass, inserted in the cofQn, 
 
Sl^ 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 through which " the noble face of the poet could be seen." 1 wa8 
 one day talking with Mr. Lapham, in the office of The Examiner in 
 Wellington Street. I was just in front of the counter, and he told 
 me that Byron and Leigh Hunt had often come in to see him and 
 stand just where I was standing. 
 
 DUKE OF AEGYLB. 
 
 " I expected great things of The Athenceum review of the Duke 
 1906, June 23. ''^ Argyle, which is fairly and impartially written, but does not 
 Duke of tempt me to read his autobiography. He was a clever and dis- 
 Argyle. tinguished man, good in many ways, and an honourable, inde- 
 fatigable worker, but totally devoid of genius. I wonder whether 
 the book records the admirable ' settler ' with which Lord Derby, the 
 ' Rupert of Debate ' of St. Stephen's, silenced him by his definition 
 of him as the little wife of the big blacksmith, whom she continually 
 attacked : ' It amuses her, and it don't hurt me.' " 
 
 1907, May 29. 
 Lytton. 
 
 Mrs. 
 Oliphant. 
 
 Her life of 
 Edward 
 Irving. 
 
 Her memoir 
 
 of Lawrence 
 
 Oliphant. 
 
 MRS. OLIPHANT. 
 
 " I am glad to see there is a fitting tribute of eulogy and praise 
 to Lytton in the Quarterly (see ' N. & Q.,' p. 420). I like this notice 
 very dearly .... Like yourself, I think Mrs. Oliphant's memoir of 
 Irving is her most valuable work. She and Thomas Carlyle did 
 much to preserve his memory unstained. In my father's house I 
 used to see all the pictures, popular caricature portraits, there were 
 of Edward Irving, and with that wonderful eye-memory of mine 
 I retain a vivid impression of them all. The treatment of Irving 
 by his ungrateful flock in London was infamous enough. I have 
 always thought that the base conduct of the Annan presbytery, 
 which later took on itself the legal privilege of deposing him from 
 the ministry, unresistedly, was about the vilest and most hateful 
 blunder in the lot. I am glad to know that dear Holyoake [this was 
 in reference to my having given Holyoake a copy of Mrs. Oliphant's 
 life of Irving], as you and I regard him, sincerely, thought so highly 
 of Mrs. Oliphant's book. 
 
 " Her earliest memoir of Laurence Oliphant pleased me mightily; 
 it must have been in dear Blackwood's Magazine ; but her two 
 volumes of memoir that I purchased afterwards were quite un- 
 satisfactory. .. .She trifled half-heartedly with them, as indeed 
 she habitually did with her incessant writings, as though she had 
 habituated herself on paltry taskwork for the moment's present 
 pay till she had lost the comprehension of comparative value and 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 3lS 
 
 proportion of perspective. And this we know to be a common 
 occurrence when people write too frequently or incessantly. 
 
 " I still think lovingly and regretfully of that young woman 
 
 who sacrificed herself for others. How sweet and pure she was ! 
 
 How graceful and endearing she was in form and feature and 
 courteous demeanour ! as untiring in her industry as M. E. Braddon, 
 but deficient in that worthy rival's power of skilful concentration 
 and energy. She deserves loving remembrance far above many 
 who have won renown. Her various short stories entitled ' Studies 
 from the Unseen,' that were published in Blackwood's Magazine, 
 usually in the January number of successive years, such as ' The 
 Open Door,' well deserve republication separately, better than 
 collectively huddled into any bulky volume, and need nothing 
 farther of introduction or patronage by an inferior hand. 
 
 " She scarcely comprehended vice and shame, and yet perhaps 
 her ' Salem Chapel ' rebukes this judgment, and may be destined 
 to live, I think, when most of her other books, except her ' Edward 
 Irving,' are forgotten. They gripped my memory at first publica- 
 tion. To my general retrospect her ' Rose in June,' Cornhill Maga- 
 zine, 1874, seems sweetest — that one and her ' Carita ' in the same 
 serial. Few or none could have written it so tenderly, impressive 
 in its purity and beauty. In fact, the best of English girl portraiture, 
 free from the least taint of American boldness or latter-day vicious- 
 ness that delights the playgoers, is to be found in dear, good, 
 stainless Mrs. Oliphant's works. She is so smooth, so consistently 
 holding her own path unobtrusively, unvauntingly, that perhaps 
 
 most people undervalued her But she was one who attested 
 
 the truth of the saying in the beatitudes that ' the pure in heart shall 
 see God.' 
 
 " We have surely a welcome for such records of a life that 
 was not wholly wasted, as so many of our scribblers in fiction are, 
 the mere ephemera that deserve to be forgotten before they begin 
 to sting, and are incapable of singing songs or threading needles. 
 ' Go spin, ye jades ! go spin.' " 
 
 As will have been seen, Ebsworth from his early years began 
 to use his pen, and in 1851 he was associated with George Gilfillan 
 as a constant contributor to The Dumfries Herald. For this paper 
 both worked gratuitously, and Ebsworth considered that Gilfillan 
 was " at his best " in the " spontaneous reviews of books and 
 authors whom he had lovingly studied " which appeared in the 
 Herald. To Ebsworth Gilfillan became very dear : — 
 
 " He was a man to be loved, a sound religious man, a true 
 Christian, and with views advanced beyond his time and class. 
 He had many assailants, but was always ready for a contest, and 
 
 Her 
 
 personality. 
 
 ' Studies from 
 the Unseen,' 
 
 ' Salem 
 Chapel.' 
 
 Contributions 
 
 to the 
 
 CornhiU. 
 
 Her stainless 
 life. 
 
 Ebsworth and 
 George 
 Gilfillan. 
 
314 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Henry 
 Bradshaw. 
 
 'The 
 Dumfries 
 Album.' 
 
 nearly always was absolutely victorious, even if he banged the 
 brawlers into silence. He was, inter alia, a believer in the mil- 
 lennium and the early coming and personal reign of our Lord and 
 Saviour. He kept himself well up to date in relation to science 
 and dialectical theology .... No man, not even Free Kirk Guthrie 
 of ' The City : its Sins and Sorrows,' took deeper interest in the 
 poor, or laboured more effectually, than George GilfiUan .... My 
 friend at Cambridge and best man at my wedding, Henry Bradshaw, 
 Dean of King's College Chapel and Principal Librarian, Cambridge 
 University, used to mock, parrot like, at G. G., of whom he knew 
 absolutely nothing, on account of a supposititious phrase assigned 
 to him, ' the moultings of the celestial Dove ' ; but this was like 
 the chatter of Benedick's assailants in ' Much Ado ' : " I 'U tell 
 thee what, prince : a college of wit-crackers cannot flout me out 
 of my humour. Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram ? " 
 Dr. Robertson NicoU, knowing of Ebsworth's friendship for Gil- 
 fiUan, in " a kind letter" dated December 15th, 1903, invited him 
 to write the review, in The Bookman (a publication which he always 
 read with delight) , of Watson's Memoir of Gilfillan. 
 
 In ' The Dumfries Album,' 1857, edited by A. Mercer Adam, 
 M.D., is a contribution of Ebsworth's. This Album was pubHshed 
 as a help to a fund for the Dumfries Mechanics' Institution, all 
 the contributions being gratuitous. In this Carlyle's ' The Opera ' 
 first appeared. Among other writers were Charles Mackay, Tupper, 
 GilfiUan, Blackie, and Mrs. S. C. HaU. 
 
 'MACPHAIL'S ECCLESIASTICAL JOURNAL.' 
 
 MacpTiaiVs Mr. Alexander W. Macphail has kindly sent me an account 
 
 Eoolesiastical of the founding, by his father and uncle, William and Myles Mac- 
 Journal. phail, of MacphaiVs Edinburgh Ecclesiastical JourvMl and 
 Literary Beview, to which Ebsworth was a constant contributor. 
 He wrote the 'Editorial Farewell' in the last part issued, 
 and frequently varied his signature, writing under Karl, 
 J. W. E., Bedouin, &c. WilUam and Myles, were the 
 nephews of Alexander Macredie, the chief publisher and 
 bookseller for the Church of Scotland. In 1846 they succeeded 
 him, and started the Journal to champion the interests of the 
 Established Church, after her great trouble arising from the dis- 
 ruption, which happened in 1843. William took the editorship, 
 and the leaders in the Church, both in theology and literature, 
 contributed to its columns during its entire history (1846-1862) ; 
 also many men of note outside the Church, De Quincey among 
 others. Mr. Wright of Borthwick wrote a good deal for it. He 
 was, Mr. Macphail informs me, " a rather noted figure in the Kirk 
 in his day ; he was deposed, or had to retire, for holding ' advanced 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 315 
 
 They were similar to those propounded by Charles 
 Darwin many years later. The editor of Macphail was a thoroughly 
 well-read man in English and foreign literature, and could read and 
 speak with great fluency French, German, and Italian. In his 
 young days he and his brother Myles, like Ebsworth, took a long 
 walking tour in Europe, being away three years. In business he 
 showed himself to be the ideal booklover more than the ideal 
 bookseller, and his son records that he can remember the trouble 
 it cost him to part with favourite volumes when purchasers claimed 
 them for their own. He lost his wife and all his children but 
 Alexander in early years, and from that time he lived for him and 
 his loved books alone. 
 
 In the September number, 1859, an article from Ebsworth's 
 pen appeared on Emily Bronte, from which I give the following 
 extracts : — 
 
 " For many years we have paid autumnal visits to Yorkshire, Emily 
 for we love the place and the people. A robust, unaffected purity Bronte. 
 is in the women — a hearty frankness in the men ; whether on the 
 hillside, or streets of Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield, Sheffield, and 
 Wakefield. We love its moors, and dales where cultivation has 
 scarcely penetrated, as well as the beautiful valleys where ruined 
 abbeys are enshrined. The Scottish mountains or the classic 
 shores of the Mediterranean are scarcely more dear to us than these. 
 The novels by the sisters Bronte, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, 
 best known under their literary disguise of Currer Bell, Ellis Bell, 
 and Acton Bell, startled ordinary readers by their revelation of a 
 mode of life and class of character that possessed the charm of 
 strangeness. In ' Wuthering Heights ' by Emily Bronte, in ' The 
 Tenant of Wildfell Hall ' by Anne, and in ' Jane Eyre ' by Charlotte, 
 there was exhibited a series of examples of isolation that was even 
 more remarkable than the incidents chronicled. People who lived 
 almost all their days in a round of social frivolities, dissipation, and 
 mercantile intrigue, were astonished and incredulous when these 
 books gave evidence of stormy passions, aspirations, and com- 
 manding intellect all working together in some retired district, 
 whose name had scarcely been mentioned twelve miles away ; all 
 exercised without regard, it seemed, for the opinion of that small 
 Areopagus Society which holds its judgment seat in the West End, 
 and dooms offenders by a code that it has learnt to consider almost 
 infallible and universally revered. What cared Heathcliff, Jane 
 Eyre, Rochester, and the rest for Belgravia or Exeter Hall ! 
 Robinson Crusoe's Island was scarcely more removed from the 
 visitation of ordinary critics than the retired glens of the West 
 Riding. Some might doubt, a few tried to scoff, but the multitude 
 joyfully accepted this introduction of a fresh element into lite- 
 rature At Haworth's Parsonage Charlotte Bronte and her sisters 
 
316 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 resided almost constantly from birth till death. No one who looks 
 on it, and remembers the monotonous gloom of the spot, can be 
 surprised at their sadness, continual illness, and untimely death. 
 They were peculiarly sensitive, self-conscious, and self-denying, 
 and were trained with what must appear to ordinary readers to 
 have been unusual severity. The parsonage, isolated from other 
 houses, faces the church, and the windows look into the graveyard, 
 which is literally paved with tombstones, although a few upright 
 monuments break the uniformity and increase the dreary aspect of 
 the scene. The wild moorland hills are immediately behind, and 
 it was by them that the Brontes from infancy were fascinated. 
 Emily (Ellis Bell) especially revelled in their sterile grandeur. 
 She pined and sickened for them \i'hen removed to Brussels in early 
 years. She loved them rapturously, for, to her eyes, they pos- 
 sessed a beauty that no luxurious landscapes equalled. . . .The 
 impetuous Emily seems to have been the especial darling of the 
 household. Youngest of all, and dying so early, it is only by one 
 work, ' Wuthering Heights,' and a few short poems, that we can 
 estimate her genius. Yet what enormous power of delineation 
 she displayed ! Her soul was attuned to the war of the elements : 
 she loved the storm and wintry desolation ; the gloomy wastes, 
 where the stranger's foot seldom pressed the moss, and where the 
 few cottages frowned savagely on the crags that surrounded them. 
 The ' becks ' or streams that rushed downwards to the valleys ; 
 the long wail of the night wind, that seemed to whisper tales of 
 wrong and misery, or strive for admittance at the ill-fastened 
 doors and casements ; the shrill scream of some wild bird, and the 
 splash of rain against the windows — these were the sounds of music 
 that delighted Emily Bronte. Stern and tyrannically exacting to 
 herself, she permitted no decay of health to excuse her own omission 
 of duties. Intense, persistent, and in defiance of all conventional 
 timidity, were the labours which she imposed upon her fragile 
 nature ; and this courageous intensity speaks in everything she 
 wrote. Of all first works by a female, we consider her ' Wuthering 
 Heights ' to be the most marvellous for power and originality. 
 We desire no other such work from the hand of a woman. To 
 be able to produce it presupposes an unhappy being, verging on 
 death or insanity. Even while we read it we shudder, and re- 
 member it always with a kind of fearful horror ; but we cannot 
 withhold our tribute of admiration to its wondrously absorbing 
 power. . . . A strange book for a girl to write, and for a girl to con- 
 ceive as being possible to write, was ' Wuthering Heights.' Thought 
 of the public seldom crossed her mind during its composition ; 
 the three sisters laboured in secret, almost from each other.... 
 With the general reading public Emily Bronte will always be less 
 a favourite than her sister Charlotte, but by many, who form their 
 judgment on private deliberation and by private intuition, there 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 317 
 
 will be felt, at least, an equal fascination in this unconventionalized 
 daughter of the Yorkshire moors." 
 
 This article so impressed Emily's father, Patrick Bronte, that 
 he \vrote to Mr. Macphail the following letter : — 
 
 Haworth, nr. Keighley, Sept. 7th, 1859. 
 Deab Sir, 
 
 I take the liberty of troubling you with a few lines, in order 
 to request that you will, at a convenient opportunity, thank for 
 me the kind friend, should you know him, who sent me this month's 
 number of The Ecclesiastical Journal, in which there is an able and 
 just article on the works of my late daughter Emily. In that article 
 the writer has had sufficient learning, penetration, and grasp of 
 mind to effect what some others before him either could not or 
 would not do while she was living, and some adverse, incompetent 
 and superficial reviews appeared. I told her not to be dis- 
 heartened, as I doubted not there would one day arise a critic who 
 would do ample justice to ' Wuthering Heights,' and all the works 
 she might write or had written. In her upright and independent 
 way she said, " That is all I desire." I thank the writer of the 
 article in question for what he has done : he has fulfilled 
 my prediction. 
 
 I remain, dear sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 P. Beonte. 
 
 Myles Macphail, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 This letter was presented to Ebsworth by Macphail, and is 
 now in my possession as his executor. It induced Ebsworth in 
 the April of the following year to send to Patrick Bronte the Maga- 
 zine for that month, v/hich contained three articles by him. He 
 evidently informed Bronte that he was about to proceed to Cam- 
 bridge with a view to taking Holy Orders, and received the following 
 letter, full of kind fatherly suggestion most delicately put : — 
 
 Haworth, nr. Keighley, April 8th, 1860. 
 Deab Sie, 
 
 I thank you kindly for the Magazine containing your three 
 articles ; they are very excellent, and give a sure earnest of still 
 better things to come. — Well, you have seen much about the 
 world and much into it, and are soon about to see a little more of 
 it in Cambridge, my Alma Mater, who will also be yours. She is, 
 in many respects, kind and gentle, and watches over her children 
 with maternal care, yet in some things her discipline is strict, 
 almost rigorous. She requires those under her care to travel 
 over the rough road of Mathematical Study, not in a smooth, 
 rapid, railroad pace, in which objects below seem run into one ; 
 but in a slow pace, where even the smallest pebbles of the way 
 can, and must, be distinctly seen and described, to the satisfaction 
 
 Letter of 
 Patrick 
 Bronte. 
 
318 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 of critical examiners ; great, however, is the honour confer'd 
 on those who excel. — After you will have taken your Degree, you 
 intend to take Holy Orders, and enter our Apostolical Church as 
 one of Her Watchmen. In this new and most important situation, 
 all the knowledge you will have acquired will be wanted, and above 
 all, a saving knowledge of things human and Divine. 
 
 I pray that God may bestow that knowledge upon you abund- 
 antly, both for your own sake, and for their sakes who shall be 
 committed to your charge. 
 
 I remain. Dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very sincerely and truly, 
 
 P. Beonte. 
 
 J. Woodfall Ebsworth, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 The two letters of Patrick Bronte are printed by the kind 
 permission of Mrs. Nicholls. 
 
 Fourteen months after the second was written , on June 7th, 1 861 , 
 the kindly old man passed to his rest, aU his loved ones having gone 
 before him. He became Minister of Haworth in 1820 ; his wife 
 died in the following year, and one by one he followed his children 
 to the grave. Charlotte, as is well remembered, was the last. Her 
 death took place at Haworth on the Saturday before Easter, the 
 31st of March, 1855, when, " early in the morning,'' the solemn 
 tolUng of Haworth Church bell spoke forth the fact of her death 
 to the villagers who had known her from a child, and whose hearts 
 shivered within them as they thought of the two sitting desolate 
 and alone in the old grey house (Mrs. Gaskell's ' Life of Charlotte 
 Bronte '). 
 
 Maoaulay. To the number of Macphail for February, 1860, Ebsworth 
 
 contributed an article on Macaulay. This, the Magazine being 
 out of print, he carefully transcribed for me in his own small, 
 beautiful handwriting. In it he states that he " was present 
 at the political meeting in Edinburgh several years ago [1847] 
 when Macaulay was baited publicly by local busybodies, elated 
 at their opportunity for taunting a man so celebrated. They 
 questioned him about the consent to what was termed ' the May- 
 nooth grant ' ; they insinuated, they clamoured, they fumed ; 
 they spirted their paltry venom against him ; and each one ' did 
 all that a dog so diminutive can.' It was a repetition of the once 
 familiar spectacle, cited by the showman, of the lion assailed 
 by a pack of curs. Now and again he turned on them and flashed 
 a glance of haughty rebuke, or brushed one aside by the movement 
 of a limb. But he disdained to indulge in such womanish scolding 
 as they revelled in and desired to provoke in recrimination. At 
 length, tortured out of patience by their snarling and petulance, 
 and after he had manfully declared that he would accept the repre- 
 sentation of Edinburgh solely if untrammelled by making pledges, 
 
Biography.' 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 319 
 
 hefaTdin*^.!?^ T^''^^ *^' ^^^ovahle declaration, that if 
 he failed m the electoral contest, and were not returned to 
 
 ST"«^/r ""%^'^^' "'"^^ 'y "'^^■^^' - ^^^---t he 
 ^Wjit be able to serve his country. To the shame of Edinburgh 
 
 Tlur I a\-^^ '^^^ defeated as a candidate. But he 
 nobly redeemed his promise, by labouring on the 'History 
 of England, the first and second volumes of which were soon 
 afterwards given to the world. To some men misadventures 
 become benefits ; blots of obloquy are transfigured into stars of 
 decoration. It was so with Macaulay." 
 
 There is a, foot-note in the copy sent to me : "I was with my 
 dear father, who plumped for Macaulay." 
 
 THE 'DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY.' 
 
 The following is a list of Ebsworth's contributions to the Pi?*i9nary 
 Dictionary of National Biography ' : — °^ National 
 
 Bedloc, William. 
 
 Blood, Thomas. 
 
 Chiffinch, Thomas and William. 
 
 Cleveland, John. 
 
 Coleman, Edward. 
 
 College, Stephen. 
 
 Cowell, Joseph Leathley and Samuel Houghton, 
 
 Cresswell, Madam. 
 
 Dangerfield, Thomas. 
 
 Daniel, George. 
 
 Davis, William. 
 
 Deloney, Thomas. 
 
 Dibdin, Thomas John and Charles. 
 
 Dugdale, Stephen. 
 
 D'TJrfey, Thomas. 
 
 Duke, Richard. 
 
 Bbsworth, Joseph and Mary Emma. 
 
 Egan, Pierce the Elder and Pierce the Younger. 
 
 Gadbury, John. 
 
 Gibson, David Cooke. 
 
 Gilfillan, Rev. George. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1888, George Smith gave a dinner to the 
 contributors at the Star and Garter, Richmond. Unfortunately 
 the rain came down in torrents. " The only person who enjoyed 
 it was the genial visitor M. Jusserand, and he rightly deserved to 
 do so, being neither a contributor nor haunted." Ebsworth on 
 the 8th of January, 1905, writes : — 
 
 " Mention of the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' may 
 here be coupled with my identification of the Star and Garter 
 celebration facetiae, which became Roxburghe Ballads by my 
 irreverently including them — primarily for posthumous preserva- 
 tion—in the Ballad Society Series, Part XXVI., p. 766." 
 
 George 
 
 Smith's 
 
 dinner to 
 
 contributors. 
 
 Ebsworth's 
 skit. 
 
320 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 The Ballad 
 Society. 
 
 Roxburghe 
 
 Ballads 
 completed. 
 
 THE BALLAD SOCIETY. 
 
 While Ebsworth rendered service to literature and the arts 
 in many ways, he has specially left an abiding name by the services 
 he rendered to our Ballad history. The Ballad Society was started 
 on the completion of the Percy Folio Manuscript in the spring of 
 1868, to continue the work begun by that undertaking — the render- 
 ing accessible to all subscribers, at the cost of an annual guinea, 
 of the rare and large stores of Ballads in the public — and, so far 
 as possible the private— collections of the country. The founders' 
 wish was to have started the Society's work by printing the rarest 
 of the collections, the Pepys ; but the Master and Fellows of 
 Magdalen College, Cambridge, to whom it belonged, refused to allow 
 the printing of the Pepys Ballads by the Society, and it became 
 necessary to turn to the next most important set, the Roxburghe 
 in the British Museum. This William Chappell kindly undertook 
 to annotate, if not to edit. After editing three volumes, 1869-80, 
 he retired ; and The AthencBum on the 1st of November, 1879, 
 announced that Ebsworth had succeeded him as editor of ' The 
 Roxburghe Ballads,' and by the end of 1880 he had completed 
 the group of Amanda Ballads. For twenty-five years Ebsworth 
 " persisted single-handed against wind and tide, and brought the 
 barque to shore, the completed ' Roxburgh Ballads.' " 
 
 He often lamented that while he laboured so hard and gra- 
 tuitously, lack of support kept him from making " what would 
 have been valuable additions to my other volumes, for I knew where 
 untold riches of MSS. and unreprinted black-letter Broadsides 
 are attainable, and stored virtually unknown and apt to perish ; 
 but nobody cared a button." The five volumes he edited contain 
 over 1,071 reprinted ballads and 323 songs. Ebsworth claimed 
 that " to every intelligent student our Bagford Ballads and our 
 Roxburghe Ballads truthfully reveal the daily life of English people 
 from year to year throughout more than one of the bygone centuries, 
 but chiefly that which sped between the passing-away of the last 
 Queen of the Tudor race and the incoming of the last Queen of the 
 Stuart race. Here completed," continues Ebsworth in this final 
 preface, " are the ballads which mirror for us well-nigh every sort 
 of man or woman who lived in the days of the Stuarts, whether 
 Cavalier or Roundhead. They speak to us through a Telephone of 
 Song." 
 
 It was always a cause of regret to Ebsworth that " the com- 
 pleted sheets can never more give pleasure to my dear friend and 
 companion William Chappell, F.S.A.," who died on the 20th of 
 August, 1888, eleven years before the publication of the final 
 volume. He was buried at Kens^l Green, his old friend reading 
 the Burial Service, 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 321 
 
 The eight volumes are dedicated to Queen Victoria : — 
 
 To thee whom all the nations greet, 
 0\ir Queen, of sixtieth year complete, 
 We lay this offering at thy feet. 
 
 Purer and nobler thou hast stood 
 In all thy stainless womanhood. 
 Than the proud Queen of Tudor blood. 
 
 We haU the harvest thou hast sown : 
 Obeyed and loved, wherever known, 
 God bless our Queen ! and guard her Throne. 
 
 Ebsworth closes the Preface following the dedication to the 
 Queen with this poem : — 
 
 Dedication 
 to Queen 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 THE LAST WORD. 
 
 If it be said to those who loved me long, 
 " He left no trophy jvistifying praise 
 But gave the heedless world these idle lays ! " 
 
 One voice may dare to vindicate my song : — 
 
 ' There was no blinding of his soul to wrong. 
 No weak repining at the toilsome days 
 On the still glowing Past he bent his gaze 
 
 Searching for Truth his heart was ever strong. 
 Calm in success, in failure mute and proud, 
 
 Nature c6nsoled him for each loss in Art. 
 
 Not for reward he laboured ; where he vowed 
 
 His energies, he first had given his heart : 
 ■ He claimed no wreath, no dirge, from the mad crowd. 
 
 Glad to have Lived ! not sorry to Depart." 
 
 As an instance of Ebsworth's unique knowledge of Ballads, 
 it may be mentioned that HaUiwell-Phillipps asked him for some 
 information about a BaUad, and thanking Ebsworth, in a letter 
 dated the 28th of March, 1887, now before me, Halliwell-Phillipps 
 writes : — 
 
 " I hardly know what sentiment predominates — my great 
 thankfulness to you for your kind information respecting the 
 BaUad, or my astonishment that you could have written so elaborate 
 a report on the instant and by return of post. . . .The establishment 
 of the authenticity of that ballad is a point to me of special im- 
 portance." 
 
 A volume containing a Ballad Index to the previous volumes 
 completed the collection of the Roxburghe Ballads. A general 
 Index of Historical Names to the entire volumes was projected, 
 but lack of funds prevented the production of this. The number 
 of subscriberc had dwindled to seventy-five ; and although a well- 
 known publisher generously offered the loan of a hundred guineas, 
 Ebsworth did not feel that he could take the burden of the expense 
 
 Halliwell- 
 Phillipps. 
 
 The Ballad 
 Index. 
 
322 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 of publication in addition to the literary and artistic work which 
 he had done without charge from the very first. 
 
 Omar Ebsworth closed his published work on our Ballad history 
 
 Khayyam, ^yitjj g, Valediction from FitzGerald's ' Omar Khayyam.' In a 
 letter to me of the 1st of July, 1906, he writes : — 
 
 " There are many among us Omarists who are inclined to love 
 FitzGerald's earlier edition, 1859, in its readings and simplicity, 
 though it fell dead on the public and ' wasted ' ; but the difierences 
 betwixt it and the later versions being enormous, the safe way in 
 the collective edition of 1889 (Macmillan's) was adopted, and it 
 was reprinted distinct in good equal type. 
 
 " Nine stanzas appear in the 2nd edition only, reprinted on 
 301, 302. Eds. 3 and 4 seem to be the same textually. 
 
 PP 
 
 When you and I behind the Veil are past, 
 
 Oh, but the long, long while the world shall last ! 
 
 Which of our Coming and Departure heeds 
 As the Seven Seas should heed a pebble-cast. 
 
 Yet ah ! that Spring should vanish with the Rose ! 
 That Youth's swpet-scented manuscript should close ! 
 
 The Nightingale that in the branches sang, 
 Ah ! whence and whither, flown again, who knows ? 
 
 Yon rising moon that looks for us again. 
 How oft hereafter will she wax and wane ! 
 
 How oft hereafter rising shall she look 
 Through this same Garden — and for one in vain. 
 
 And when Thyself with shining foot shall pass 
 Among the Guests star-scattered on the grass, 
 
 And in thy joyous errand reach the spot 
 Where I made one — turn down an empty glass. 
 Tamam. 
 
 Ebsworth's 
 
 ' Cavalier 
 
 Lyrics.' 
 
 Ebsworth's affectionate nature caused him to dedicate sections 
 of the Roxburghe Ballads to his friends, and when he published 
 ' The Cavalier Lyrics ' for private circulation in 1887, he " steps 
 Mentions his aside to greet his friends," mentioning their names with kind 
 friends. comments. Among them we find William Bell Scott, the surviving 
 younger brother of Ebsworth's early instructor. Dr. Grosart, James 
 Cartwright, James Gairdner, the Bullens, Bertram Dobell, Matthew 
 Arnold, William R. Wilson, W. J. Fletcher, Edward Bond, Stein- 
 man-Steinman, and W. M. Wood of Hertford, " King of Readers." 
 The names of those who had passed away include the veteran 
 Shakespearian critic John Payne Collier, with whom for years 
 Ebsworth had had most pleasant correspondence until Collier's 
 sudden blindness. To Ebsworth's great grief, he received the follow- 
 ing letter, dated Riverside, March 8, 1882 ; — 
 
 John Payne 
 Collier. 
 
NOTES BY THE WAY. 323 
 
 Deak Ebswoeth, 
 
 I lament to say that I have suddenly become so blind that 
 I can no longer be a correspondent of yours in my own handwriting. 
 I was in the middle of reading a smallish print to my daughter, 
 when a sort of flash came across my sight, and I was no longer 
 able to see anything distinctly. I shall always be most glad to 
 hear from you, but I can promise no answer in my own handwriting : 
 my daughter must be my scribe, if it be worth while to continue a 
 correspondence with an old blind man. Still, I am ever 
 
 Yours most sincerely, 
 
 J. Payne Collibe. 
 There is a blurred attempt at a signature. Collier died in 1883. 
 
 The last and dearest mentioned by Ebsworth in the list is 
 his father, " whose honoured name the author bears, but whom 
 he could never hope to equal, that Joseph Ebsworth, dramatist, 
 musician, scholar, and linguist." 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 The following is a list of Ebsworth's works in their order of 
 publication : — 
 Karl's Legacy, 2 vols. 1868. 
 
 The Westminster Drolleries of 1671 and 1672. 1875. 
 The Merry Drolleries of 1661 and 1670. 1875. 
 Choyce Drollery of 1 656. 1876. 
 Bagford Ballads, 2 vols. 1878. 
 Brathwayt's Strappado. 1878. 
 Bagford Poems. 1880. 
 
 Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream of 1600. 1880. 
 Three Centuries of Molash Annals, Burial Registers. 1880. 
 The Roxburghe Ballads, Anti-Papal Group. 1881. 
 The Duke of Monmouth, Rye House Plot, and Western Insurrection. 
 
 3 vols. 1883-4. 
 Cavalier Lyrics : " For Church and Crown." 1887. 
 Early Naval Ballads. 1887. 
 Early Legendary Ballads. 1888. 
 Trades and Sports, Time of Charles II. 1889. 
 Later Naval Ballads, &c. 1890. 
 Military and Civil War. 1891. 
 
 Thomas Carew's Poems, and Poems by Robert Southwell. 2 vols. 1892. 
 Hudibras. 3 vols. 1892. 
 
 One Hundred Religious, Romantic and Political Ballads. 1896. 
 Sempill Ballads, Mary, Queen of Scots, and Robin Hood Ballads. 1896. 
 Restoration Ballads. 1899. 
 Final Ballads. 1902. 
 
 But although 1902 was the date of the last work, he was on the 
 war-path to the time of his death, and went on as much as he was 
 able with the Index of the names of all the songs in the Roxburghe 
 
 x2 
 
 His works. 
 
324 
 
 NOTES BY THE WAY. 
 
 Ballad volumes. His dear old friend Andrew Clark, the editor of 
 ' The Shirburn Ballads,' writes to him on the 7th of December, 1907 : 
 
 " It is like your pluck to persevere with your great Index. . . . 
 Your work is built on the true pyramidical principle, on sure and 
 wide foundations. The final part will raise it higher, and make it 
 more far seen, but the other parts are of themselves a lasting gift 
 to students and lovers of English story and verse." 
 
 MSS. left by Among the MSS. left by Ebsworth are the Historical Index 
 
 Ebsworth. to the Roxburghe Ballads, completed A to K ; An Alphabetical 
 List of Quotations from the first seven General Indexes of Notes 
 and Queries, with the various references made to them ; also 
 First Lines of Songs, chiefly Scottish, with title, date, authorship, 
 and book locality in several large collections, viz., Allan Ramsay's 
 'Tea Table Miscellany,' 1724-93; ' CaUiope,' 1738; Herd's 
 Collection, 1769, 1776, 1791 ; Ayles's Collection, Glasgow, 1871 ; 
 ' The lUustrated Book of Scottish Song,' c. 1854 ; ' St. Cecilia,' 
 1779 ; Nimmo's edition of Robert Burns, with Remarks on Scottish 
 Song, c. 186- ; Ritson's ' Scottish Songs ' ; and Aikin's ' Essay 
 on Songs,' 1774. These are beautifully written in Ebsworth's 
 clear, small handwriting, well known to all who had correspondence 
 with him. 
 
 His over- 
 sensitiveness. 
 
 LAST WORPS. 
 
 It is pleasant to think that his closing years were happily spent 
 in the studies long dear to him. His industry to the last was sur- 
 prising. Added to this, he was constantly receiving letters from 
 many old friends. These included Dr. Andrew Clark, whose pre- 
 sentation copy of ' The Shirburn Ballads ' was highly prized ; 
 the Dunlops of Glasgow ; and Bertram Dobell, who wrote to him 
 on the 22nd of November, 1907 : " I have always felt that there 
 was a more than common degree of sympathy between us, and that 
 our aims in life and literature were very much alike, in spite of the 
 divergence of our political and religious opinions." 
 
 Ebsworth's friendship was much prized by those who held it 
 firmly, but his disposition, was most sensitive, and he was wont to 
 suspect a slight where no such intention was even dreamed of. 
 This was so all through his life from his very earliest years, and 
 frequently caused much pain both to himself and those dear to 
 him. The only friends that never changed to him were the authors 
 he loved, and he would accept no criticism of these ; for instance, 
 he never forgave Leslie Stephen for the biographies of Burns and 
 Byron which appeared in the ' Dictionary of National Biography.' 
 A friend has well likened him to Carlyle in his criticisms ; there 
 was no middle line. He was bold and full of courage in giving ex- 
 pression to his opinions, and this would often, with those who did 
 not know him thoroughly, lead to trouble. I can well imagine 
 
Notes by the way. 325 
 
 what difSculties an editor would have had if he had placed him 
 on his staff. The Saturday Review of my boyhood would have been 
 quite outdone. 
 
 As we think of him we are amazed at the variety of his talents. 
 What he painted shows the promise of a great artist ; his charming 
 woodblocks are, I do not think it too much to say, equal to those of 
 Bewick ; and frequently his illustrations are in the vein of Cruik- 
 shank. This is particularly shown in a little volume which has just 
 come into my possession through the courtesy of Mr. James Cameron 
 of Ediaburgh. It is entitled ' The Skater's Monitor, Instructor, and 
 Evening Companion,' published by John Menzies, 1846. The illus- 
 trations are all by Ebsworth, but they certainly might well have His collection 
 been by Cruikshank. To his special study, the collection of Ballads, he of Ballads. 
 devoted years of labour — labour freely and cheerfully given, with the 
 result that he has formed a Ballad History of England which should 
 cause his name to be remembered by his countrymen for all time. 
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 P. 16, 1. 13 from foot. George Bradshaw died at Christiania, 
 not at Copenhagen. 
 
 P. 187, 1. 7 from foot. For 1808 read 1908. 
 
 P. 203, 1. 10 and side-note. For " Pennington " read 
 Pennethorne. 
 
 P. 221, 1. 16. For " Beazley " read Badey. 
 
 P. 298, 1. 8 from foot. Mr. G. Merryweather, of Chicago, 
 shows in Notes and Queries for January 16th, 1909 
 (p. 55), that the epigram on Charles I. and William 
 Penn was published originally in the New York 
 Evening Post, and cannot have been written by Dr. 
 Garnett, though Mr. Merryweather is unable to identify 
 the author. 
 
 P. 309, 1. 9. For " Libre " read Liher. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Adams (W. B.). author of ' Tyrannicide, 212 
 Adler (Dr. N. M.), Chief Rabbi, 149 
 Advertisement duty, reduced, 4 ; abolished, 
 ib. ; its effect on newspapers, 193 ; mistake 
 about, 283 
 Advertisements, in 1712, 6 ; displayed m 
 newspapers, 30, 193 ; in The Field, 187 ; 
 in Saturday Review, 204 
 Advocates, College of, sale of its library, 263 
 Africa, South, war correspondents killed and 
 
 wounded, 74 
 Alabaster (Sir Chaloner), pension to widow, 137 
 Albert (Prince), visit to Leeds, vi ; his death, 
 42 ; and the new Record Office, 79 ; Albert 
 the Good, 88 ; Order of the Albert Cross, 96 
 Alexandra (Queen), and Order of the Garter, 
 89 ; presents shamrock to Irish Guards, 90 ; 
 her ' Christmas Gift-Book,' 199 
 Allen (Sir WUliam), Ebsworth's love for, 292 
 America, appreciation of Cowper in, 65 
 Andrews (Wm.), his 'Wreath of Christmas 
 
 Carols,' 272 
 Angling, Francis Francis and the Marstons, 185 
 Aquarium, Westminster, its history, 187 
 Arbuthnot (G.), pension to daughters, 138 
 Archer (F. Scott), pension to daughter, 107 
 Argyle {8th Duke of), Ebsworth on, 312 
 Arlidge (Dr. J. T. ), pension to widow, 143 
 Armstrong (General Jas. Wells), pension to 
 
 widow, 132 
 Armstrong (Dr. R. A.), pension to daughters, 
 
 128 
 Ashford, Ebsworth at, 298 ; death and burial 
 
 at, 301-2 
 Asquith (H. H.) educated at City of London 
 
 School, 253 
 ' Astarte,' by Earl of Lovelace, criticisms on, 
 
 309 
 Athenreum, Heraud its dramatic critic, vii ; 
 succeeded by Knight, ib. ; and Com(5die 
 Fran(;aise banquet, ix ; Knight's reviews 
 in, x-xiv ; ' Fostus ' Bailey, xiv, 178 ; 
 Knight on ' Sonnet d'Arvers,' xvi ; on 
 D. G. Rossetti, xxvi ; on ' Cyrano de 
 Bergerac,' xxvii ; on P. B. Marston, xxxi ; 
 death of F. G. Stephens, xxxiii ; on Dickens's 
 ' A Word in Season,' 15 ; on ' Roxburghe 
 Revels,' 18; on Wright's 'Life of Cowper,' 
 58 ; advocates new Record Office, 79 ; 
 on Principal Rainy, 86 ; on Albert tlio 
 Good, 88 ; praises Limbird's Mirror, 163 ; 
 on Owens College, 170, illustrations 
 
 in, 175 ; Chorley's poems in, 176 ; " Dilke's 
 Drag," 185 ; on Serjeant Cox, 186 ; 
 on the inscription on the Monument, 
 107 ; its old clock, 198 ; poems by 
 E. B. BroT\Tiing in, 213, 215 ; on ' The 
 Poet's Vow,' 213 ; on L. B. L., 214 ; on 
 French editors of Mrs. Browning, 215 ; on 
 her death, 216 ; printed on threaded paper, 
 218 ; supports Ocean Penny Postage, 221 ; 
 on Longfellow's ' Voices of the Night,' 231 ; 
 on ' Hiawatha,' 232 ; on his death, 239 ; 
 Braidwood at fire at, 257 ; on sale of Scott 
 copyrights, 263 ; defends " Clemency Can- 
 ning," 271 ; Mudie and its reviews, 274 ; 
 on Joseph Whitaker, 283 ; on Mrs. Triibner, 
 285 
 
 Atlas, early Australian paper, 196 
 
 Austin (A.), Civil List Pension, 106 
 
 Australia, earliest newspapers in, 195 
 
 Australian, its career, 195 
 
 B 
 
 Backhouse (G. C), pension to widow, 137 
 Bailey (P. J.), Knight on ' Festus,' xiv ; 
 
 Civil List pension, 97 ; his death and poems, 
 
 177 
 Bain (Alex.), Civil List pension. 111 
 Baker (Samuel), founder of Sothebys, 202 
 Ballads, Scotch and English, 298 ; Ebsworth's 
 
 Index, 299, 321 
 Ballad Society, its history, 320 
 Baly (Marie Josephine), Civil List pension, 107 
 Bank of England, its profits, 26 
 Baptist Times on Elim Chapel, 267 
 Barbon (Nicholas) and Praise God Barebones, 
 
 81, 83 
 Barebones (Praise God) in Fetter Lane, 81 , 83 
 Barkly (Governor A. C. S.), pension to widow, 
 
 134 
 Barkly (Sir H.), pension to widow, 135 
 Barnard (Sir H. W. ), pension to daughter, 133 
 Barnby (Sir J.), pension to widow, 118 
 Barnes (Rev. W.), pension to daughter, 102 
 Barrister, lady, first, 89 
 Barry (Sir C.) and the Palace of Westminster, 
 
 201 
 Bartlett (W. H.), pension to widow, 98 
 Basevi (Capt. J. P.), pension to wido\^', 139 
 Bates (Harry), A.R.A., pension to widow, 115 
 Bates ( W. ) on Cowper and tobacco, 64 
 Baynes (T. Spencer), pension to widow, 102 
 Bazley (T.) on Ocean Penny Postage, 221 
 Bede, Cuthbert. See Bradley {Rev. E.). 
 
INDEX. 
 
 327 
 
 Bell & Sons, history of the firm, 279 
 Bellew (J. C. M.), Saturday Bevicw on, 205 
 Benham (Canon W.) writes memoir of Cowper, 
 
 58 
 Ben-Hur, and Jewish dramas, 171 
 Bennett (Dr. W. C), and Longfellow memorial 
 
 in Westminster Abbey, 239 
 Bentley (George), his death, 9, 279 ; liis love 
 
 for roses and books, 10 
 Bentley (Richard), history of the firm, 10, 
 279 ; publishes Longfellow's ' Outre-Mer,' 
 228 
 Bergerac (Cyrano de). Knight on, xxvi 
 Berkeley (Bisliop G. ) anticipates Cowper, 65 
 Berkeley (Bev. M. J.), pension to daughters, 109 
 Berkhampstead, proposed Cowper memorial 
 
 at, 68 ; Cowpers at, 72 
 Bettany (G. T.), pension to widow. 110 
 Bevis Marks Synagogue Bicentenary, 140 
 Birch (J. W. W.), pension to children, 135 
 Birch (Dr. S.), pension to daughters, 114 
 Birdwood (Sir George) on Kaisar-i-Hind, 29 
 Birmingham, dinner in 1830 to commemorate 
 
 the I&ench Revolution, 5 
 Biscoe (Capt. J.), pension to daughter, 129 
 Black (A. & C.) purchase Scott's copvrights, 
 
 264 
 Blackwood (William) and ' The Chaldee MS.,' 
 
 20 
 Blacktcood's Magazine, its thousandth number, 
 
 19 
 Blake (William), sale of his drawings, 189 
 Blanchard (E. L.), pension to widow, 117 
 Bleek (Dr. W. H.j, pension to widow, 122 
 Bodda-Pyne (Louisa), Civil List pension, 118 
 Boer War, 1899, war correspondents in, 74 
 Bogue (D.), on success of Longfellow's ' Hia- 
 watha,' 230 ; and ' Men of the Time,' 274 
 Bohn (Henry G.), his stock sold, 279 ; his 
 
 history, 280 
 Bookman founded by Robertson NicoU, 281 
 ' Book-Prices Current,' prices in 1862 and 
 
 1905, 265 ; in 1906-7, 267 
 Books, prices in 1862 and 1905, 265 ; an- 
 nounced in 1858, 273 
 Book sales : Coimt Macarthy's, 20 ; held by 
 Hodgson & Sons, 260-67 ; first with cata- 
 logue, 261 ; hours of, 263 
 Bookseller, its Jubilee, 273-83 
 Booksellers, change in meaning of the term, 
 179 ; and trade restrictions, 184 ; in 1807, 
 264 ; and underselling, 275 ; and Trade 
 Sale Dmners, 277 ., , . , 
 
 Booksellers' Association, its history, 275 
 Boole (Prof. G.), pension to widow, 122 
 Boulogne, memorial to Campbell the poet, dO ; 
 
 his funeral, 31 
 Bourne (H. R. Pox), death, xxvi n. 
 Bradbury (" Bold ") announces accession of 
 
 George I., 82 ., ^ . , 
 
 Bradbury (S. H.), Civil List pension, 97 
 Bradlaugh (C.) and Napoleon III., 212 
 Bradley (Rev. B.) on the Yardley Oak, 69 
 Bradley (Henry), Civil List pension, 125 
 Bradshaw (George), his death, 16, 325 
 Bradshaw (Henry) on GilfiUan, 314 
 
 Bradshaw's Magazine, its contributors, 294 
 Bradshaw' s Bailway Guide, its history, 16 
 Braidwood (James), and the new Record 
 
 Office, 79 ; at fire at Alhenaium office, 257 ; 
 
 death, 258 
 Brandreth (Jeremiah), executed for high 
 
 treason, 27 
 Bream's Buildings, changes in, 80 
 Brewster (Sir D.), pension to widow, 108 
 Brighton Herald on gipsy centenarians, 92 
 Bristow (H. W.), pension to widow, 142 
 British Academy, list of original Fellows, 170 
 British Press, paper started by publishers, 179 
 Brodetsky (Selig), Senior Wrangler, 154 
 Bronte (Charlotte), death, 318 
 Bronte (BmUy), Ebsworth on, 315 
 Bronte (Patrick), letters to Ebsworth, 317 ; 
 
 death, 318 
 Broome (Sir F. N. ), pension to widow, 134 
 Brougliam (Lord), discoverer of photography, 
 
 40 ; false report of his death, 188 ; Saturday 
 
 Review on, 206 
 Broun (J. A.), pension to widow, 108 
 Brown (Rawdon L. ), pension to sister, 100 
 Brown (Robert), jun.. Civil List pension, 115 
 Browning (Eliz. Barrett), Saturday Review on, 
 
 209 ; her Centenary, 213-16 
 Browning (Robert), Saturday Review on, 206 j 
 
 ' Paracelsus ' and ' Aurora Leigh,' 215 
 Bruce (John), on Cowper and Newton, 66 ; 
 
 on Quevedo, ib. ; edits Cowper, 67 
 Bryce (Archibald H. ), Civil List pension, 119 
 Buchanan (R. W.), Civil List pension, 90 
 Buckingham (James Silk), his journalistic 
 
 ventures, 180 
 Bunhill Fields burial-ground, Dr. Rippon's 
 
 MS. collections, 1 
 Burder (G.), founder of Religious Tract 
 
 Society, 82 
 Burgoyne (Sir J. F.), pension to daughters, 131 
 Burke (T. H.), pension to sister, 140 
 Burton (J. Hill), pension to daughter, 105 
 Bute (J. P., 3rd Marquis of), heart to be buried 
 
 on Mount of Olives, 83 
 Butterworth (Joseph), law publisher, 264 
 Butterworth (Joshua W.), erects monument to 
 
 Cowper and Lamb, 72 
 Buxton (Sydney), Post Office Report for 
 
 1907-8, 224—5 
 Byron (George Gordon, Lord), baptized in 
 
 Marylebone Church, 84 ; Ebsworth on, 308 ; 
 
 Earl of Lovelace's 'Astarte,' 309; his 
 
 funeral, 311 
 
 C 
 
 Callaghan (J. P.), pension to widow, 134 
 Cambridge, Ebsworth goes to, 295 
 Cambridge Press Warehouse in Fetter Lane, 82 
 Cameron (Capt. V. L.), pension to widow, 129 
 Campbell (John, Lord) on underselling in the 
 
 book trade, 275 
 Campbell (T.), memorial at Boulogne, 30 
 Campbcll-Bannerman (Sir H.), 'The Banner- 
 man's Lament,' xxiii 
 Canada, earliest newspapers in, 195 
 
328 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Canning (C. J., Earl) and Aihencnum, 271 
 Carey (Miss P. C.) on ' Pestus ' Bailey, 177-8 
 Carlisle (Capt. T.), Globe contributor, 182 
 Carlyle (T.), on J. A. Heraud, vii ; contributes 
 
 to ' Dumfries Album,' 314 
 Carpenter (Dr. P. H.), pension to widow, 110 
 Carter (Canon T. Thellusson), death, 160 
 Caasell (John), founder of the firm, 165 
 Cassell & Co., start The Echo, 16 ; history of 
 
 the firm, 165-6 
 Cathcart (Sir G. )> pension to daughters, 130 
 Caxton's ' Ryal Book,' record price, 170 
 Centenarians : Mrs. Coxeter, 7 ; crop of, 21 ; 
 
 Thoma's interest in, 51 ; gipsy, 92 
 Chalmers (Dr. T.), pension to daughter, 120 
 Chambers (William) at Scott's funeral, 164 
 Chambers (W. & K.), their publications, 165 
 Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, its history, 
 
 163-5 ; Moy Thomas's ' Autumn,' 166 
 Chapman (John) and restrictions on literature, 
 
 183 
 Chappell (Wm.), editor of ' Boxburghe Ballads,' 
 
 death, 320 
 Charles I. and William Penn, 298, 325 
 Charles II., Ebsworth's admiration for, 300 
 Chatto (Andrew) and Gentleman's Magazine, 
 
 xxix, 25 
 Chatto & Windus, history of the firm, 279 
 Chauvin (Mile.), first lady barrister, 89 
 Chesney (General P. B.), pension to widow, 128 
 Chic, adopted by French Academy, 171 
 Chicago Times and longest telegram, 191 
 Child (Josiah), hie reminiscences of Triibner, 
 
 284 
 Chisholm (Caroline), pension to daughter, 140 
 Choate (J. H.) on Downing Street, 88 
 Chopin MSS. in Paris, 158 
 Chorley (H. P.), his poems, 175 ; writes Mrs. 
 
 Browning's obituary, 216 
 Christ Church, Woburn Square, and Christina 
 
 Bossetti, 159 
 Christmas card, the first, 189 
 Christmas carols, Mr. Andrews's ' Wreath,' 272 
 Christ's Hospital, beginning of the end, 89 ; 
 Lord Mayor at, 157 ; last service at Christ 
 Church, Newgate Street, 168 ; last of the 
 " Blues," 172 
 Churchill (Winston Spencer) captured in 
 
 Boer War, 74 
 Church Missionary Society, Centenary, 35 
 Church of Scotland, Free and United, 85 
 Cibber (Colley), New Year Ode, 23 
 City, first Jewish Sheriff, 153 ; privileges at a 
 Coronation, 157, 254-6 ; City Press founded, 
 242 ; its condition in 1857, 243 ; work of the 
 Commissioners of Sewers, ib. ; street 
 improvements, ib. ; old churches in, 244 ; 
 its rateable value and population — notable 
 freeman — the Guilds, 247 ; financial crises 
 — conversion of the Three per Cents, 248 ; 
 records printed by, 249 ; Guildhall Library 
 opened, 250 ; Livery Companies, 250-51 ; 
 its members in the House of Commons, 252 ; 
 its educational and charitable grants, 
 253-4 ; " in the King's hand," 255 ; its Crystal 
 Sceptre, ib. See also London and Lord Mayor. 
 
 City and Guilds of London Institute founded, 
 
 247 
 City of London School, Prime Minister edu- 
 cated at, 253 
 City Press, its history, 1857-1907, 241-59 
 City Temple pulpit, its history, 253 
 Civil List, William IV. gives up revenues, 5 
 Civil List Pensions, existing in 1901, 95 ; 
 investigation in 1888, 96 ; total grants, 145 
 Clark (Andrew) on Ebsworth's Ballad Index, 
 
 324 
 Clifford (Prof. W. K. ), pension to widow, 123 
 Clifford's Inn, its history, 169 ; offered for 
 
 sale, 189 
 Coat, remarkable, 7 
 
 Cole (Sir Henry), and the Public Becords, 79 ; 
 pension to daughters, 119 ; first Christmas 
 card, 189 ; on Penny Postage, 218, 221 
 Coleridge (S. T.) on postage fraud, 217 
 CoUes (W. Morris) and Civil List pensions, 96 
 Collier (John Payne), his blindness, 322 
 CoUingridge (W. H.), founds Cowper Museum, 
 
 56 ; purchases MS. of ' Yardley Oak,' 69 ; 
 history of the firm, 241 ; founds TAe City 
 Press, 242 
 
 Colonies, first newspapers in, 195 
 Com^die Pranijaise, visit to London in 1870, ix 
 Commission, Tariff Eeform, its name, 191 
 Companies, Livery, their histories, 250 
 Consols, their fluctuations and conversion, 248 
 Cook (John Douglas), first editor of Saturday 
 
 Review, 200, 210 
 Co-operation, its progress, 92 
 Coote (Holmes), pension to widow, 139 
 Copyright, Bill to amend, 27 ; and prices of 
 
 books, 275-6 
 Coquelin (B. C.) as Cyrano de Bergerac, xxvii 
 Coronation, City privileges at, 254 
 Correctors of the press, pensions for, x 
 Cory (Dr. B.), pension to widow, 112 
 Costa (Sir Michael), rehearsals at Puttick & 
 
 Simpson's, 269 
 Coulson (Walter), editor of The Traveller, 180 
 Coupland (Dr. W. C), Civil List pension, 112 
 Cowper (6th Earl) on pronunciation of his 
 
 name, 63 
 Cowper (W.), appointed clerk to Commission 
 
 of Bankruptcy, 24 ; the Centenary — Mr. 
 
 W. H. CoUingridge and the Cowper house, 
 
 57 ; Wright's ' Life,' 58, 72 ; Cowper'a 
 terrible lines, 59 ; John Newton, ib. ; 
 pension given to Cowper, 61 ; death, 62 ; 
 pronunciation of the name, 63 ; and 
 tobacco smoking, 64 ; translates Homer, 
 65, 68, 71 : " the cup that cheers," 65 ; 
 his works in America, ib. ; ' Table-Talk,' 66 ; 
 Quevedo, *. ; John GUpm, 67, 69, 71 ; 
 Aldine Cowper, 67 ; " God moves in a 
 mysterious way," ib. ; Cowper pictures, 68 ; 
 sale of correspondence, ib. ; ' Yardley Oak,' 
 69 ; " Prayers are Jove's daughters," 71 ; 
 ' The Bose,' ib. ; Olney Church, 72 ; tablet 
 in Edmonton Church, ib. ; Mr. Clement 
 Shorter at Olney, 73 
 
 Cox (Serjeant B. W.), purchases TJie Field, 
 184 ; death, 186 
 
INDEX. 
 
 329 
 
 Cox (Sir G. W.), Civil List pension, 126 
 Cox (Horace), manager of Windsor House, 186 
 Cox (Irwin B. B.), editor of The Field, 186 
 Coxe (Henry Ootavius) on Evelyn, 14 
 Coxeter (Elizabeth), centenarian, 7 
 Ooxeter (James), his surgical inventions, 8 
 Coxeter (John) makes a remarkable coat, 7 
 Craftsman, Richard Franklin tried for printing 
 
 it, 25 
 Craik (G. Lillie), pension for daughter, 98 
 Cramer & Co., sale of their copyrightfi, 288 
 Creasy (Sir E.), pension for widow, 99 
 Crescent, passage in the Koran, 8 
 Critic, rival to Athenaium, 185 
 Crockford (John) founds ' Clerical Directory,' 
 
 185 
 Croker (J. Wilson) on dangers of Penny Postage, 
 
 217 
 Crosby (Benjamin), founder of Simpkin, 
 
 Marshall & Co., 278 
 Crowe (Sir Joseph) on Father Prout, 182 
 Crozier (J. B.), Civil List pension, 110 
 Gumming (Constance P. Gordon), Civil List 
 
 pension, 101 
 Cumming (Dr. John), Saturday Eeview on, 205 
 Cunningham (Col. P. ), contributor to Saturday 
 
 Review, 211 
 Cunningham (P.) suggests motto for ' N. & Q.,' 
 
 36 
 Curtis (John), pension to widow, 108 
 
 D 
 
 Daily Chronicle, on Japanese New Year's Bay, 
 190 ; on " tiaras," 191 ; on " Mr.," 197 ; 
 on City churches, 244 
 Daily Graphic, Knight its dramatic critic, 
 
 xxi— xxiii 
 Daily News, history to its Jubilee, 11 ; its 
 war correspondents, 75 ; on plural voters, 
 82 : on Jewish Congregational League, 172 ; 
 Father Prout's Roman letters, 182 ; on 
 Longfellow's popularity, 234 
 Daily Telegraph, W. H. Russell its war corre- 
 spondent, 76 ; on Whitgift Hospital, 78 ; 
 on Marquis of Bute's heart, 83 ; on the 
 Stock Exchange, 92 ; on Chopin's MSS., 
 158 ; on Sir W. Conrad Reeves, 167 ; on 
 Japanese regalia, 168 ; on Clifford's Inn, 
 169 ; twenty-four-page number, 173 ; on 
 Brougham's reported death, 188 ; on 
 John Peel's daughter, 190 ; on Chaplain 
 to Edinburgh Garrison, 191 ; its Jubilee, 
 197-9 ; on Earl Howe's Shakespeares, 269 ; 
 Indian Mutiny JubUee, 270 ; Veterans' 
 Relief Fund, 285 
 Dalziel (B.), Civil list pension, 116 
 Dana (Richard H.), Longfellow's poem on, 238 
 Daniel (G.), reminiscences of Cowper, 64 
 Dante, Longfellow's love for, 227 
 Davids (Prof. T. W. Rhys), Civil List pension, 
 
 Davies (Prof. J. P.), pension to widow, 124 
 De Foe (Daniel), his death, 24 ; Civil List 
 
 pension to descendant, 99 
 De Morgan (Augustus) on John Gilpm, bb 
 Dereham, Cowper dies at, 62 
 
 Diadems and tiaras, their difference, 191 
 
 Diamond (Dr. H. W.), discoveries in photo- 
 graphy, 39 
 
 Dickens : Kingsley, names in parish register, 9 
 
 Dickens (C), first editor of Daily News, 11 ; 
 poem ' A Word in Season,' 15 ; Tavistock 
 House demolished, 84 ; as an editor, 91 ; 
 pension to daughter-in-law, 104 ; visited 
 by Longfellow, 234 ; described by him, 
 236 
 
 ' Dictionary of National Biography,' Knight's 
 contributions, xxiv, xl ; Bbsworth's con- 
 tributions, 319 ; dinner at Star and Garter, 
 319 
 
 Dilke (Charles Wentworth), characteristics 
 as a critic, xxxv ; reduces price of Daily 
 News, 11 ; and folk-lore, 36 ; contributes 
 to ' N. & Q.,' 37, 43 ; death, 42 ; ' Papers 
 of a Critic,' ib. ; as a book-hunter, 51 
 
 Dilke (Sir Charles Wentworth), at funeral of 
 P. G. Stephens, xsxiu ; at Knight's funeral, 
 xxxiv ; edits ' Papers of a Critic,' 42 ; 
 purchases ' N. & Q.,' 44 ; on Miss Martineau 
 and the Penny Post, 217 
 
 Dilke (Emilia P., Lady), contributor to 
 Saturday Review, 211 
 
 Dimsdale (Sir J. C.), on City privileges, 157; 
 his family, 158 
 
 Disraeli (B.), Chancellor of the Exchequer, 184 
 
 Dixon (Hepworth), pension for widow, 99 
 
 Dobson (Austin), Rondeau on ' N. & Q.,' 47 ; 
 tribute to Longfellow, 239 
 
 Dobson (Surgeon-Major G. B.), pension to 
 
 Doran (Dr. J.), editor of ' N. & Q.,' 44 ; 
 
 death, 46 
 Doudney (Dr. D. A.), editor of The Gospel 
 
 Magazine, 242 
 Douglas (James) on Knight, xxxv 
 Downing (Sir G. ), his history, 87 
 Downing Street, its history, 86 
 Doyle (Sir A. Conan), ' Mystery of Sasassa 
 
 Valley,' 164 
 Dramatic Critics, Society of, letter to Mrs. 
 
 Knight, xxxv 
 Drayton (M.), Knight on his ' Nymphidia,' v 
 Drury Lane 'Theatre, its profits, c. 1817, 26 
 Du Ohaillu (P. B.), his hunting trophies, 185 
 Duel between Lord Hervey and William 
 
 Pulteney, 24 
 ' Dumfries Album,' Ebs worth and Carlyle 
 
 contributors, 314 
 Dumfries Herald, Ebsworth and GUfUlan 
 
 contributors, 313 
 Dunbar (Prof. G.), pension to daughters, 121 
 Dwelly (J. Holmes), pension to widow, 139 
 
 Eastwick (E. B.), pension to widow, 101 
 
 Ebsworth (Charles), death in Australia, 303 ; 
 his mother's letter to his betrothed, ib. 
 
 Ebsworth (Emilie), New Year's letter to 
 Joseph W., 304 
 
 Ebsworth (Joseph), father of J. W. Ebsworth, 
 birth and marriage, 290 ; bookseller at Edin- 
 burgh — notable visitors, 290 ; death, 303 
 
330 
 
 Index. 
 
 Ebsworth (Joseph Woodfall), on Knight's 
 ' Sheridan,' xxviii ; Knight on sale of his 
 books, xxxii ; poems on Knight, xxxvi-vii ; 
 recollections of " Maga," 22 ; on ' Second 
 Journey of John Gilpin,' 71 ; his birth 
 and godfather, 289 ; taken to Edinburgh 
 —recollections of Scott, 290 ; early love 
 of books, ib. ; Reform agitation, 1831-2, 
 291 ; hears O'Connell, ib. ; visit of Queen 
 Victoria and Sir Robert Peel, ib. ; becomes 
 an art student, 292 ; his first exhibit, ib. : 
 on Hugh Miller, 293 ; P. G. Stephens on, 
 ib. ; first poem printed, 294 ; goes to 
 Manchester and Paris, ib. ; joins the Glasgow 
 School of Design, ib. ; becomes a Mason, 
 295 ; tour through Europe, ib. ; goes to 
 Cambridge, ib. ; on Kingsley and Newman, 
 ib. ; ordained, 296 ; curate of Market 
 Weighton, ib. ; befriends gipsies, ib. ; 
 marriage, 297 ; his mother's birthday 
 letter, ib. ; becomes Vicar of Molash, ib. ; 
 his friend J. Muir Wood, 298 ; goes to 
 Ashford, ib. ; and Dr. R. Garnett, ib. ; 
 affection for May 29th, 299, 300 ; death 
 of wife, 299 ; health failing, ib. ; Knight 
 on his ' Cavalier Lyrics,' 300 ; death, 301 ; 
 portraits, ib. ; hia epitaph by himself, 302 ; 
 his father's death, 303 ; his ancestry, 304 ; 
 at funeral of John Francis, 305 ; oii T). G. 
 Rossetti, ib. ; on P. W. Robinson, 308 ; 
 on Byron, 306, 309 ; on S. R. Gardiner, 
 307 ; on C. H. Pirth, 308 ; on Hazlitt, 
 ib. ; on ' Aatarte,' 309 ; on the Duke of 
 Argyle, 312 ; on Mrs. Oliphant, ib. ; on 
 George GilfiUan, 313 ; and ' The Dumfries 
 Album,' 314 ; and MacphaiVs ScclesiasHcal 
 Journal, ib. ; on the Brontes, 315 ; letters 
 from their father, 317 ; on Macaulay, 318 ; 
 contributions to ' Dictionary of National 
 Biography,' 319 ; the Star and Garter 
 dinner, ib. ; the Ballad Society, 320 ; 
 ' Roxburghe Ballads,' ib. ; dedicated to 
 Queen Victoria, 321 ; and Halliwell- 
 PhUlipps, ib. ; Ballad Index, ib. ; on Omar 
 Khayyam, 322 ; and J. P. Collier, ib. ; 
 Bibliography, 323 ; his MS. indexes, 324 ; 
 as an illustrator, 325 
 Ebsworth (Margaret), nCe Blore, marriage, 
 
 297 ; death, 299 
 Ebsworth (Mary Emma, born Pairbrother), 
 mother of J. W. Ebsworth, marriage, 290 ; 
 birthday letter to Joseph W., 297 ; letter 
 to her son Charles's betrothed, 303 
 Echo, its first thirty years, 16 ; bought by 
 
 Albert Grant, 30 
 Edersheim (Dr. A.), pension to daughters, 121 
 Edinburgh, Ebsworth's father at, 290 ; Reform 
 Bill agitation, 291 ; O'Connell at, ib. ; 
 Queen Victoria and Sir R. Peel at, ib. ; 
 Ebsworth's views of, 292 
 Edinburgh Garrison, its chaplains, 191 
 Edmonds (Charles), bibliographer, 265, 280 
 Edmonton, Cowper and Lamb buried at, 72 
 Education, attitude of The Guardian, 13 ; 
 Brougham's Report, 27 ; for Jewish bovs 
 and girls, 147, 154 ; in 1850, 204 ; grants 
 by City Corporation, 253 
 
 Edward VII. (King), hia title in Scotland, 90 ! 
 
 poem by Chorley on his birth, 175 
 Edwards (Prancis) buys Knight's books, xxxix 
 Edwards (J. Paasmore) purchases The Echo, 17 
 Edwards (Matilda Betham), Civil List pension, 
 
 103 
 Electric lighting introduced in the City, 244 
 Elim Chapel, Potter Lane, its history, 267 
 Eliot (George), her ' Daniel Deronda,' 152 
 Ellis (Lieut. -Col. A. B.), pension to widow, 143 
 EUia (P. S.), publisher, 285 
 Embankment, Thames, suggested by Wren 
 
 and Evelyn, 245 ; by Paterson, ib. ; by 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Trench, 246 
 Emerton (Rev. Dr.) on friendship between 
 
 England and Prance, 286 
 English to be used in courts of justice, 24 
 Entente Cordiale, 1859 and 1908, 286 
 Epitaph, Dorothy Cecil's, 159 
 Escott (T. H. S.), Civil List pension, 103 
 Evans (Daniel Silvan), Civil List pension, 105 
 Evans (J. Gwenogfryn), Civil List pension, 103 
 Evelyn (John), pronunciation of his name, 14 ; 
 
 suggests Thames Embankment, 245 
 Evening newspapers. See Newspapers. 
 Examiner, Byron and Leigh Hunt at its office, 
 
 312 
 Exeter Change menagerie, 187 
 Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862, 40 
 Explosion Day, circulation of The Globe, 182 
 Express, evening paper in 1846, 11 
 
 F 
 
 Pairbrother (Robert), grandfather of .1. W. 
 
 Ebsworth, and friend of Sheridan, 290 
 ' Pairies of English Poetry,' Knight's lecture 
 
 on, iv 
 Pancourt (Rev. S.), his Circulating Library, 
 
 xxviii 
 Paraday (M.), pension to niece, 108 
 Paulkner (G.) employs Ebsworth as chief 
 
 artist, 294 
 Pawkner (John Pascoe), father of the press 
 
 in Victoria, 196 
 Pechter (C. A.) as Hamlet, viii 
 Pennell (Dr. C. A. M.), Civil List pension, 124 
 Petter Lane, notable residents, 78 ; chapels 
 
 in, 81, 83, 267 
 Pfennell (W. J.), pension to daughters, 138 
 Field, its Jubilee, editors, and contributors, 
 
 183-8 
 Pire Brigade : James Braidwood, 257 ; Capt. 
 
 Shaw, 258 ; voluntary fixe escapes, ib. 
 Firth (C. H.), Ebsworth on, 308 
 Fishing Gazette, its services to angling, 185 
 FitzGerald's ' Omar Khayyam,' Ebsworth on, 
 
 322 
 Pitzherbert (Mrs.) and George IV., 208 
 Flag, National, symbolism of its colours, 76 
 
 incorrectly blazoned, 77 ; its size, ib. i 
 
 right to fly, ib. 
 Folk-lore, word coined by Thorns, 36 
 Forbes (Archibald) as war correspondent, 75 
 Porman (H. Buxton), presentation to, 225 
 Forster (W. E.), candidate at Leeds, vi 
 PorinighUy Review on Cyrano de Bergerac, xxvi 
 
INDEX. 
 
 331 
 
 Prance, Jews' love for, 152 ; and postage 
 reductions, 220 ; the Entente Cordiale, 286 
 Francis (Cliarlotte) on samplers, 3 
 I^ancis (Francis), angling writer, 185 
 Francis (John), on Rippon's ' Crucifixion,' 1 ; 
 Spurgeon on, 2 ; on the Unstamped Press, 
 3, 5 ; on Rimmel's advertisements, 6 ; on 
 Sunday newspapers, ib. ; on a centenarian, 
 7 ; on ' The Literature of the People,' 161 ; 
 and repeal of the paper duty, 165 ; and 
 stamped covers for newspapers, 193 ; esti- 
 mate of total issues of papers and magazines, 
 194 ; suggests new stamp, 222 ; fire at 
 Athenceum office, 257 ; opposition to ad- 
 vertisement duty, 283 ; Ebsworth at his 
 funeral, 305 
 Francis (John), author of ' Chronicles and 
 Characters of the Stock Exchange,' on 
 Sampson Gideon, 153 
 Francis (John C), at Heraud's funeral, vii ; 
 and T. Pumell, xxxi ; and Knight's Golden 
 Wedding, *. ; at funeral of P. G. Stephens, 
 xxxiii ; at Knight's funeral, xxxiv ; and 
 bad smells from the Thames, 246 ; and 
 Braidwood at Athenceum fire, 257 ; Eba- 
 worth's executor, 289 ; Ebsworth gives 
 view of Edinbxirgh to, 293 ; Ebsworth's 
 last letter, 301 ; first meeting with Ebs- 
 worth, 305 
 Franking, and newspapers, 6 ; abolished, 218, 
 
 219 
 Free Libraries. See Libraries, Free. 
 Freeman (E. A.), pension to widow, 102 
 Freemason, Ebsworth as senior warden, 295 
 Free Trade Conference, 1856, 203 
 Preiligrath (P.) on metre of ' Hiawatha,' 233 
 French Academy, Knight on its Dictionary, x 
 French Revolution, commemorative dinner 
 
 at Birmingham, 5 
 Friedlander (M.) on Jewish religion, 155 
 Frowde (Henry), publisher for Oxford Press, 
 
 281 
 Furnivall (F. J.), Civil List pension, 100 
 Puseli (H.), Cowper on, 69 
 
 Fyfe (J. Hamilton), contributor to Saturday 
 Review, 211 
 
 G 
 
 Gambling, royal winnings, 23 
 
 Gardiner (S. Bawson), Civil List pension, 100 ; 
 
 Ebsworth on, 307 
 Garfield (President), Longfellow on, 237 
 Gamett (Lucy M. J.), Civil List pension, 125 
 Garnett (Dr. Richard), Ebsworth's liking for, 
 
 298 ; and Charles I., 325 
 Garrett (Dr. G.), pension to widow, 118 
 Garrick (David), sale of his library, 261 
 Garter, Order of, and queens, 89 
 Gas, the Mint lit by, 28 
 
 Gaster (Moses), tribute to English people, 147 
 Gatty (Bev. A.) on Nelson's brother, 37 
 Geikie (Dr. J. Cunningham), Civil List pension, 
 
 121 
 Gentleman's Magazine, Knight as Sylvanus 
 
 Urban, xxviii ; its history, 23 ; Joseph 
 
 Whitaker editor, 275 
 
 Geological Society, its Centenary, 261 
 George I., news of his accession, 82 
 George II., his winnings at hazard, 23 
 George IV., his gold dinner service, 190 ; and 
 
 Mrs. Pitzherbert, 208 
 Gideon (Sampson) and the '45, 153 
 Gilbert (Sir John) and The Leisure Hour, 162 
 Gilflllan (George), Ebsworth on, 313 
 Gill (Dr. John), his Bible Commentary, 242 
 Gilpin (John), origin of the story, 67, 71 ; 
 
 first edition, 09 ; ' Second Journey,' 71 
 Ginsburg (Dr. Christian), Civil List pension, 121 
 Gipsies, their longevity, 92 ; Ebsworth's 
 
 affection for, 296 
 Gladstone (W. E.) repeals Taxes on Know- 
 ledge, 4, 198 
 Glasgow Herald on University celebration, 93 
 Glasgow Schoo of Design, Ebsworth at, 294, 
 
 295 
 Glasgow University, its ninth Jubilee, 93 
 Glennie (J. S. Stuart), Civil List pension, 126 
 Globe, on Queen Victoria's Coronation, 174 ; 
 
 its Centenary, editors, and contributors, 
 
 180-83 ; Saturday Review on, 203 
 Glover (Sir J. H.), pension to widow, 134 
 Goethe, 150th anniversary of his birth, 35 
 Gore (Dr. G.), Civil List pension, 110 
 Gorsed or Gold Stone recovered, 84 
 Goss (Sir John), pension to daughters, 117 
 Cowing (Lionel P. ) on Knight, xxiii 
 Grant (Albert) buys The Echo, 30 
 Grant (James) on Saturday Reviein, 209 
 Gratz (Rebecca) and ' Ivanhoe,' 151 
 Graves (Algernon) on first postage stamp, 218 
 Graves (Rev. Jas.), pension to widow, 114 
 Green (J. Arnold), purchases books for Mrs. 
 
 Rylands, 31 ; death, 33 
 Green (Dr. S. G.) and the Religious Tract 
 
 Society, 32 
 Green (Sir W. Kirby), pension to widow, 142 
 Greene (G. Washington), friend of Longfellow, 
 
 229, 235, 236, 237 
 Griffith (Sir W. B.), pension to daughters, 135 
 Grote (G.), Saturday Review on, 207 
 Guardian, history to its Jubilee, 12-14 
 Guildhall Library opened, 250 
 Guilds, City, their revived activity, 247 
 Guppy (Henry) on the John Rylands Library, 
 
 xiv, 33 
 Guthrie (Prof. F.), pension to widow, 109 
 
 H 
 
 Haas (Dr. E.), pension to widow, 123 
 Haigh (Dr.), Knight's schoolmaster, i 
 Halevi (Jehudah), his songs of faith, 150 
 Halifax Gazette, first newspaper in British 
 
 North America, 195 
 Hall (Hammond) on Joseph Knight, xxi 
 Halliwell-PhUlipps on Ebsworth, 321 
 Hallucination, invention of the word, 21 
 Hamerton (P. G. ), pension to widow, 104 
 Hamilton (Sir R. G. C), pension to widow, 137 
 Hammond (Jas.), Civil List pension, 111 
 Hampton Court Palace, old water-gate, 15 
 Handel (G. F.), and the Echo office, 17 ; book 
 
 of harpsichord pieces, 88 
 
332 
 
 JNDEX. 
 
 Hardy (Thomas), ' How I built myself a 
 
 House,' 164 
 Hardy (Sir T. Buffus), pension to daugliter, 142 
 Harland-Oxley ( W. B. ), ' In Memoriam Joseph 
 
 Knight,' xxxviii 
 Harmsworth (Sir Alfred) on the press, 194 
 Harris (Prank), editor of Saturday Review, 210 
 Harrison (Benj.), Civil Lwt pension, 128 
 Harvard College, its first graduate, 87 
 Harwood (P.), second editor of Saturday 
 
 Review, 210 
 Hassall (Dr. A. Hill), pension to widow, 143 
 Hatch (Rev. Edwin), pension to daughters, 121 
 Hawker (Stephen), pension to daughters, 104 
 Hay (Panny A.), Civil List pension, 138 
 Hayley (W.), ' Life of Cowper,' 65 ; autographs 
 
 sold, 69 
 HazUtt (W.), Ebsworth on, 308 
 Heaviside (Oliver), Civil List pension. 111 
 Helbert (Capt. ) on Knight, xxxvii 
 Henfrey (Prof. A.), pension to widow, 107 
 Henley (W. B.), Civil List pension, 105 
 Heraud (John Abraham), dramatic critic of 
 
 The Athenceum, his history, vii 
 Hermentnide (Miss Emily Holt), death, 47 
 Herschell (Solomon), Chief Babbi, 149 
 Herzen (Alexander), Russian exile, 284 
 Hesketh (Lady) and Cowper, 61, 62 
 Hetherington (Henry), his Poor Man's 
 
 Guardian, 3 
 Hewett (Sir W. N. W.), pension to daughters, 
 
 130 
 Hewitt (Edward), his scientific lecture at 
 
 Leeds, iv ; and Prince Albert, vi 
 Hicks (R. Drew), Civil List pension, 128 
 Hill (Arthur), master of Bruce Castle School, 
 
 222 
 Hill (Edwin), his inventive genius, 222 
 Hill (Prederic), on Irish money orders, 219 ; 
 
 appointed Assistant Secretary, 222 
 Hill (Lady), her character, 223 
 Hill (Matthew Davenport), Recorder of Bir- 
 mingham, 222 
 Hill (Sir Rowland), and Penny Postage, 217 ; 
 
 proposes stamped covers, 218 ; death, 222 
 Hill (Rowland) of Surrey Chapel, 223 
 Hill family of New Bond Street, its connexion 
 
 with Ebsworth, 304 
 Hillocks (Rev. J. Inches), Civil Listpension,141 
 Hincks (Dr. E.), pension to daughters, 122 
 Hind (J. Russell), pension to widow. 111 
 Hodder & Stoughton, history of the firm, 281 
 Hodge (Edward Grose), death, 262 
 Hodge (Harold), editor of Saturday Revieir, 210 
 Hodgson & Sons, Centenary of the firm, 200-67 
 Hoey (Mrs. Cashel), Civil List pension, 103 
 Hogan (J.), pension to daughters, 116 
 Hogg (James), Ettrick Shepherd, pension to 
 
 daughter, 102 
 Hogg (Quintin) and the Polytechnic, 188 
 Hogg's Instructor, poem by Ebsworth inserted, 
 
 294 
 Holborn Viaduct, anticipated, 27 ; its opening, 
 
 HoUamby (W.) rediscovers the Gold Stone, 84 
 Holland, Jemsh loan to William of Orange, 152 
 
 Holmes (O. W.), poem to Longfellow, 233 
 Holyoake (G. J.), on Jingoes, 9 ; on the 
 
 pamphlet ' Tyrannicide,' 212 
 Hone (William) three times acquitted, 28 
 Hope (A. J. Beresford), founds Saturday Review, 
 
 200 ; death, 211 
 Horace, Longfellow's early love for, 236 
 Horsley (John Callcott), his death, 189 
 Hoste (Sir Wm. ), pension to daughter, 130 
 Hotten (John Camden), his history, 279 
 Houghton (Bev. Wm.), pension to widow, 112 
 Howe (4th Earl), sale of his Shakespeare 
 
 books, 269 
 Howitt (W.) on the metre of ' Hiawatha,' 232 
 Huggins (Sir W.), Civil List pension, 109 
 Hughes (J. Ceiriog), pension to widow, 101 
 Hugo (Victor) praised by Saturday Review, 208 
 Hullah (John) writes in The Globe, 182 
 Humboldt (P. H.A.v.), ' Kleine Schriften,' 207 
 Hume (Martin) on Buy Lopez and Shylock, 150 
 Hunt (Leigh), and Taxes on Knowledge, 4 ; 
 
 his death, 15 
 Hunter (Sir C. S.), Lord Mayor, epigram on, 252 
 Hutchinson (Dr. T. J.), pension to widow, 136 
 Huxley (T. H.), pension to widow. 111 
 ' Hypnerotomachia PoMphili,' Knight on, xii ; 
 
 copy in John Bylands Library, xiv 
 
 Idler, symposium on the Poet Laureate, xxix 
 Independent Chapel in Fetter Lane, its pastors, 
 
 81 
 Indian Mutiny, Jubilee celebration at Albert 
 
 Hall, 270 ; at Lahore, 272 ; Veterans' 
 
 Belief Pund, 285 
 Inglis (Sir J. B. W.), pension to widow, 131 
 Ingram (Herbert) on advertisement duty, 193 
 Ireland, its condition in 1855, 202 ; money 
 
 orders in famine years, 219 
 Irish Guards, Queen Alexandra presents sham- 
 rock to, 90 
 Irving (Edward), Ebsworth on, 312 
 Irving (Sir Henry), Knight on, ix ; presides 
 
 at dinner to Knight, xxxi 
 Irving (Washington), and Scott's Bebecca, 151; 
 
 Longfellow on, 235 
 
 Jackson & Walford, history of the firm, 281 
 James (G. P. B.), Longfellow on, 236 
 Japanese New Year's Day ceremonies, 190 
 Japanese regalia, their symbolism, 168 
 .lay (W. ) of Bath on Cowper and Newton, 60 
 .Jefferies (Bichard), pension to widow, 101 
 Jerrold (Douglas), pension for daughter, 98 
 Jews, first Synagogue in England — schools 
 for boys and girls, 146, 151 ; Dr. Gastcr's 
 tribute to England, 147 ; first Hebrew 
 books printed in England, 149 ; Ruy 
 Lopez and Shylock — and printing, 150 ; 
 in fiction, 151 ; their patriotism, 152 ; 
 loyal in the '45 — first City Sheriff and Lord 
 Mayor, 153 ; two Senior Wranglers, 154 ; 
 College in Queen Square— the Ark in the 
 
INDEX. 
 
 333 
 
 Synagogue, 155 ; their ethical precepts, 156 ; 
 love for England, . 157 ; dramas on their 
 history, 171 ; religious reform among, 172 
 Jmgoes, G. J. Holyoake on, 153 
 Jonea (Ebenezer), D. G. Bossetti on, 53 
 Jones (Henry Arthur) on Knight, xxxix 
 Joseph (Morris) on Jewish ethics, 156 
 Junius letters, their authorship, 280 
 
 K 
 
 Kaisar-i-Hind, the title, 29 
 
 Kanthack (Prof. A. A.), pension to widow, 112 
 
 Keaue (A. H.), CivU List pension, 112 
 
 Keate (G. W.j, pension to widow, 133 
 
 Keuney (Jas.), pension to daughter, 117 
 
 Kent (Charles), on Leigh Hunt, 15 ; Civil 
 
 List pension, 101 ; death, 167 
 Kent (William), first British subject born in 
 
 New South Wales, 168 
 Key (Sir John), letter to Duke of Wellington, 
 
 254 
 Kingsford (Dr. W.), pension to widow, 105 
 Kingsley : Dickens, names in parish register, 9 
 Kingsley (C. ), coincidences with E. B. Brown- 
 ing, 214 ; Longfellow on ' Saint's Tragedy,' 
 236 ; Bbsworth on, 295 
 Kitto (Dr. J.), pension to daughters, 120 
 Knight (C.) founds Penny Magazine, 163 
 Knight (James Young), uncle of Joseph, 
 
 deacon at Bast Parade Chapel, Leeds, vi 
 Knight (John C), cousin of Joseph, letter to 
 
 Dr. Reynolds, vi 
 Knight (John P. ), brother of Joseph, describes 
 
 his father and mother, i 
 Knight (Joseph), birth, i ; his father and 
 mother, ib. ; educated at Bramham College, 
 ib. ; poem ' The Sea by Moonlight,' ii ; 
 " King of the College," iii ; portrait by a 
 master, t6. ; helps to ^ found a Mechanics' 
 Institute, iv ; lectures on ' The Counter 
 Reformation ' and ' The Fairies of English 
 Poetry,' ib. ; his friends at Leeds, vi ; his 
 cousin John C. Knight, ib. ; marriage, vii ; 
 comes to London, ib. ; writes for The 
 Literary Gazette, ib. ; dramatic critic of 
 The Athenceum, ib. ; on Pechter as Hamlet, 
 Irving as Hamlet, ix ; visit of the 
 
 ib. ; on ' Joseph's Coat,' xxix ; on the 
 Laureateship, ii>. ; Westland Marston and 
 his son, XXX ; actors' dinner to Knight, 
 xxxi ; his Golden Wedding, ib. ; death of 
 friends, xxxii ; on sale of Ebsworth's 
 books, ib. ; on death of P. G. Stephens, 
 xxxiii ; death and funeral, xxxiv ; his 
 grandchildren, xxxv ; Society of Dramatic 
 Critics on, ib. ; Mr. James Douglas on, ib. ; 
 Ebsworth on, xxxvi ; Capt. Helberii on, 
 xxxvii ; Mr. Harland-Oxley on, xxxviii ; 
 his love of books, ib. ; Mr. Henry Arthur 
 Jones on, xxxix ; list of contributions to 
 ' D.N.B.,' xl ; writes Thoms's obituary, 
 49 ; dramatic critic of The Globe, 182 ; 
 contributor to Saturday Review, 211 ; on 
 Ebsworth as a Cavalier, 300 
 Knight (Rachel), wife of Joseph, marriage, 
 vii ; letter from Society of Dramatic Critics, 
 xxxv 
 Knighthood, first coloured gentleman to 
 
 receive, 167 
 Knowles (Capt. ), pension to widow, 130 
 Koops (Matthias) on paper-making, 194 
 Koran on the moon split in sunder, 8 
 
 Com^die Prangaise, ib. ; presides at first 
 Readers' Dinner, x ; on the French Aca- 
 demy's Dictionary, ib. ; on ' Hypneroto- 
 machia Poliphili,' xii ; on ' Pestus,' xiv ; 
 his sonnet ' Love's Martyrdom,' xvi ; 
 ' Sonnet d'Arvers ' and Knight's transla- 
 tion, xvii ; editor of Notes and Queries, 
 xvii, 49 ; writes Jubilee article, xvii ; on 
 death of Queen "Victoria, xx ; dramatic 
 critic of The Daily Graphic, xxi ; on death 
 of William Terriss, xxii ; on Mafeking 
 night, ib. ; Daily Graphic dinner to him, 
 xxiii ; ' The Bannerman's Lament,' ib. ; 
 contributions to ' Dictionary of National 
 Biography,' xxiv ; Life of D. G. Bossetti, 
 XXV ; letter from Rossetti, ib. ; and W. M. 
 Rossetti, xxvi ; on Cyrano de Bergerac, ib. ; 
 on Sheridan, xxviii ; on first Circulating 
 Library in London, ib. ; as Sylvanus Urban, 
 
 Labouchere (H.), ' Diary of a Besieged Resi- 
 dent,' 75 
 Lacey (Edward), publisher, 282 
 Lamb (Charles), grave at Edmonton, 2, 72 
 Lamego (Moses) endows synagogue, 147 
 Lancet on Dimsdale family, 157 
 Lander (John), pension to daughter, 128 
 Landon (Letitia E.), ' L. E. L.'s Last Question,' 
 
 213 
 Landon (Perceval) on Indian Mutiny, 272 
 Lardner (Dr. D.), pension to sister, 107 
 Latey (J.), on Old London, 17 ; his death, 18 
 Laureateship, Knight on, xxix 
 Lawrence (Sir Henry), Earl Roberts's tribute 
 
 to, 270 
 Leader (John Temple), his recollections, 188 
 Leech (John), pension to sister, 114 
 Leeds, Knight's lectures at, iv ; Queen 
 Victoria and Prince Consort at, vi ; W. E. 
 Porster and the Marquis of Ripon at, ib. 
 Leigh (G.), founder of Sothebys, 262 
 Leisure Hour, Jubilee, its authors and con- 
 tributors, 162 ; becomes a monthly, ib. 
 Leitner (Dr.) originates the title Kaisar-i- 
 Hind, 29 
 Lely (Sir P.), his portrait of Lady Monson, 
 
 14 
 Lemon (Mark), first editor of The Field, 183 
 Le Verrier (U. J. J.) and The Guardian, 13 
 Levin (T. Woodhouse), CivU List pension, 119 
 Levy (J. M.) purchases Daily Telegraph, 198 
 Levysohn (Prof.), ' Essay on the Law and 
 
 Science,' 149 
 Lewis (Sir G. Cornewall), his death, 37 ; 
 
 repeal of the compulsory stamp, 200 
 Libraries, Pree, first, 35 
 Library, Circulating, first in London, xxviii 
 Limbird (John) founds The Mirror, 103 
 Lind (Jenny), Longfellow on, 236 
 
334 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Linotype, first London daily newspaper set up 
 by, 182 
 
 Literary Gazette, Knight a contributor, vii 
 
 Literature, Civil List Pensions in 1001. 95-l'15 
 
 Literature for the people : Leisure Hour, 101 ; 
 John Limbird and Charles Knight, 103 ; 
 Chambers's Journal, 163-5 ; John Cassell,165 
 
 Little (W. Cutlack), pension to widow, 144 
 
 Livingstone (David), pension to daughters 
 and daughter-in-law, 129 
 
 Lloyd (Edward) uses esparto grass in paper- 
 making, 194 
 
 Lloyd (W. A.), writer on Aquaria, 187 
 
 Lobb (S.), pastor of Fetter Lane Chapel, 81 
 
 Locker-Lampson (P.) on Cowper's ' Rose,' 71 
 
 Lockwood (Mark), death, 282 
 
 London, its first halfpenny paper, 16 ; old 
 buildings, 17 ; its water supply, 22 ; resi- 
 dents in Fetter Lane, 78 ; new Record 
 Office, 79, 203 ; Paxton's Victorian Way, 
 203 ; Pall Mall improvement, 204 ; division 
 into postal districts, 216 ; derivation of 
 the name, 251 
 
 London, Vanishing : Rolls Chapel, its history, 
 SO, 83 ; chapels in Fetter Lane, 81, 83 ; 
 Tavistock House, 84 ; Christ's Hospital, 
 89 ; disappearance of old buildings, 244 ; 
 Temple Bar, 252 ; Elim Chapel, 267 
 
 London County Council establishes an Anti- 
 quarian Museum, 84 
 
 Longfellow (H. W.), ' Song of Hiawatha,' 206 ; 
 Centenary, 226-40 
 
 Longfellow (S.), life of his brother, 231, 235, 236 
 
 Longman (C. J.), president of Publishers' 
 Association, 276 
 
 Longman (T. N.) III. in 1807, 264 
 
 Longmans & Co., history of the firm, 278 
 
 Lopez (Ruy) and Shylock, 150 
 
 Lord Mayor, first Jewish, 153 ; at Christ's 
 Hospital, ib. ; Sir J. C. Dimsdale elected, 
 157 J Tom Hood on, 246 ; precedence at 
 Nelson's funeral, 251 ; not a Privy Councillor, 
 252 ; as horseman, ib. ; his position at the 
 Coronation, 255-6; the title "Lord," 256 
 
 Lord Mayor's Laureate, the office, 252 
 
 Lord Mayor's Show, change in date, 252 ; 
 and Duke of Wellington, 254 
 
 Louis XIV. and pensions to literary men, 95 
 
 Lovelace (Earl of) on Byron, 310 
 
 Low (Sampson), jun., and fire-escapes, 258 ; 
 visit to New York, 282 
 
 Lowe (Sir Hudson), pension to daughter, 133 
 
 Lowe (Robert), Lord Sherbrooke, as Australian 
 journalist, 196 
 
 Lucknow, Jubilee of its relief, 261 
 
 M 
 
 M. (A. J.) on Olney Church, 72 
 
 Macallum (Hamilton), pension to widow, IIC 
 
 Macaulay (Lord), Saturday Ueview on, 206 ; 
 
 Ebsworth on, 318 
 MacCabe (W. Bernard) suggests General 
 
 Indexes for ' N. & Q.,' 37 
 M'Clure (Sir Robert J. L.), pension to widow, 
 
 129 ; Saturday Review on ' North-West 
 ' Passage," 209 
 
 Mac Diannid (John), sale of his library, 261 
 Macdonald (Col. A. J.), pension to sister, 133 
 MacDonald (G.), Civil List pension, 99 
 Macgillivray (W.), pension to daughter, 107 
 Mackay (C). his ' Under the Holly Bough,' 273 
 McKenna (.leremiah), pension to widow, 138 
 Mackintosh (Dr. John), Civil List pension, 100 
 MacLeay (Kenneth), pension to daughter, 113 
 Macleod (H. Dunning), Civil List pension, 125 
 McMaster (J. E.), pension to widow, 137 
 Macmillan (F. ) on net books, 276 
 Macmillan & Co., history of the firm, 279 
 MacphaWs EeclesiasticcU Journal, its history, 
 
 314 ; on Emily Bronte, 315 ; on Macaulay, 
 
 318 
 Macquoid (Katharine S. ), Civil List pension, 103 
 Madge (W. T.) retires from The Globe, 183 
 Mafeking night in London, xxii 
 Magnus (Lady), her ' Jewish Portraits,' 149 
 Maguire (Dr. T.), pension to sisters, 124 
 Maitland (S. R.) on Cowper, 65 
 Malleson (Col. G. B.), pension to widow, 106 
 Manchester, Jews' offering to Bevis Marks, 
 
 148 ; Owens College Jubilee, 170 ; Ebsworth 
 
 at, 294 
 Margoliouth (Moses), his works, 149 
 Market Weighton, Ebsworth curate at, 296 
 Marstou (Edward and R. B.) and Fishing 
 
 Gazette, 185 
 Marston (John Westland), Knight's friendship 
 
 for, XXX ; death, xxxi 
 Marston (Philip Bourke), death, xxxi 
 Martineau (Harriet) on Penny Post, 217 
 Marylebone Church, its history, 84 
 Mason (G. H.), pension to daughters, 115 
 Massey (Gerald), Civil List pension, 98 ; 
 
 poem ' Sir Robert's Sailor Son,' 271 
 Maxwell (Sir W. B.), pension to widow, 135 
 Maxwell-Lyte (Sir H.) on the Rolls Chapel, 80, 
 
 83 
 Mayne (Sir B.), pension to daughter, 144 
 Melbourne Advertiser, manuscript newspaper, 
 
 196 
 Melvill (Lieut.), pension to widow, 132 
 ' Men of the Time,' 1858-1908, 274 
 Menzies (W.), pension to widow, 140 
 Meredith (George), ' ChUlianwallah,' 164 ; 
 
 praised by Saturday Hevieiv, 206 
 Merivale (Herman C), Civil List pension, 106 
 Merlette (Mile. G. M.), biographer of Mrs. 
 
 Browning, 215 
 Mill (John Stuart) on underselling in the book 
 
 trade, 276 
 Millais (Sir John) on G. M. Smith, 91 
 Miller (Hugh), his death, 293 
 Mint, the, lit by gas, 28 
 Mirror praised by Athenaeum, 163 
 Mr., use of the prefix, 197 
 
 MofEatt (G.), supporter of Penny Postage, 221 
 Moira (Eugenia), Civil List pension, 114 
 Molash, Ebsworth becomes Vicar, 297 ; 
 
 retires, 298 
 Monaco (Princess of) steals a march on her 
 
 husband, 25 
 Moncrieff (Commander L. N.), pension to 
 
 widow, 136 
 Money orders in England and Ireland, 210 
 
INDEX. 
 
 335 
 
 Monson (Elizabeth, Lady), potrait by Lcly, 14 
 Montreal Gazette, its foundation, 105 
 Monument, Pish Street Hill, inscription 
 
 effaced, 197 
 Moravian Chapel in Fetter Lane, its history, 
 
 81, 83 
 Morning Chronicle, its history, 198, 200 
 Morning Post, on Queen Victoria's Coronation, 
 
 174 ; oldest London daily, 195 
 Morning Star, its foundation, 204 
 Morris (Caleb), pastor of Fetter Lane Chapel, 82 
 Morris (Rev. Bichard), pension to daughters, 
 
 127 
 Mory (N. A. T.) and news of the Treaty of 
 
 Peace, 1815, 197 
 Mourning, public, for Queen Victoria, 89 
 Moxon (Edward), poets' publisher, 281 
 Mozart's skull at Salzburg Museum, 158 
 Mozley (Rev. T. ), pension to widow, 126 
 Mudie (C. E.), founder of Mudie's Library, 273 
 Muir (Dr. M'Adam) on history of Glasgow 
 
 University, 93 
 Munro (Neil), poem in Blackwood's Magazine, 
 
 20 
 Murray (D. Christie), Knight on ' Joseph's 
 
 Coat,' xxix 
 Murray (Sir J. A. H. ), Civil List pension, 100 
 Murray (John) in 1807, 264 
 Murray (John) in 1908, 278 
 
 N 
 
 Napoleon III., and his uncle Prince Jerome, 
 184 ; Bradlaugh on, 212 ; and cheap 
 postage, 220 
 
 National Flag. See Flag. 
 
 National Portrait Gallery, Cowper portraits in, 
 68 
 
 Negro invited to dine at the White House, 160 
 
 NeUd (Major), pension to widow, 130 
 
 Nelson (Horatio, Lord), his will, 37 ; and death 
 of Sir William Hamilton, 198 ; XKDrd Mayor 
 at his funeral, 251 
 
 Newman (J. H. ), reply to Kingsley, 296 
 
 New South Wales, first British subject born in, 
 168 
 
 ' Newspaper Press Directory,' its Diamond 
 Jubilee, 192 
 
 Newspapers, compulsory stamp imposed, 3 ; 
 stamp abolished, 4, 193 ; curious dummy, 
 6 ; Sunday publication of, 6, 182 ; Daily 
 News Jubilee, 11 ; Express, evening paper 
 in 1846, ib. ; Guardian Jubilee, 12 ; Echo, 
 first London halfpenny, 16, 30 ; The Black 
 Dwarf, 21; The Craftsman, 25; Hone 
 acquitted, 28 ; advertisements displayed 
 in, 30 ; Times, and siege of Paris, 39 ; 
 death of Wellington, 41 n. ; War Corre- 
 spondents in Boer War, 74 ; Henry Crabb 
 Robinson, Archibald Forbes, and others, 75, 
 198 ; published in Bream's Buildings, 80 ; 
 circulation in 1851, 165 ; in 1855, 193 ; 
 on Queen Victoria's Coronation, 173 ; 
 Olobe and its use of official information, 
 
 181 ; first London daily set by linotype, 
 
 182 ; Field Jubilee, 183 ; their numbers 
 in 1846 and 1905, 192 ; covers with impressed 
 
 stamps, 103 ; oldest dailies, 195 ; oldest 
 Colonial, ib. ; and news of Treaty of Peace, 
 1815, 197 ; Daily Telegraph Jubilee, 197-9 ; 
 and wireless telegraphy, 199 ; Saturday 
 Review Jubilee, 200-212 ; numbers posted 
 in 1905, 220 ; in 1907, 224 
 Newsvendors' Institution, City support, 254 
 New Testament telegraphed to Chicago, 191 
 Newton (John), ministers at Olney, 57 ; 
 his influence on Cowper, 59 ; suggests the 
 ' Olney Hymns,' 60 ; preface to Cowper's 
 poems, 66 
 New Year's Day in Japan, 190 
 New York Herald, its war telegrams, 76 ; and 
 
 H. M. Stanley, 198 
 New York Tribune, its war telegrams, 75 
 NichoU (G. P.), Civil List pension, 126 
 Nicholson (John), Earl Roberts's tribute, 270 
 Nightingale (Florence), Longfellow's poem on, 
 
 230 
 Noble (Matthew), pension to widow, 113 
 Norgate (Frederic), his death, 282 
 Norgate (Kate), historian, 282 
 Norgate (T. S.) on Cowper and the ' Iliad,' 71 
 North (Christopher). See Wilson, John. 
 Notes and Queries, Knight becomes editor, 
 xvii ; his article on its Jubilee, ib. ; leaves 
 Took's Court, xix ; on death of Queen 
 Victoria, xx ; Historical Note on its Jubilee, 
 35 ; founded by W. J. Thoms, 36 ; famous 
 contributors, 37 ; services to photography, 
 39 ; Great Exhibition, 1851, 40 ; death of 
 Wellington, ib. ; of the Prince Consort, 42 ; 
 of C. W. Dilke, ib. ; Dr. Doran editor, 44 ; 
 purchased by Sir C. W. Dilke, ib. ; death 
 of James Yeowell, 45 ; of Dr. Doran, 46 ; 
 H. F. Turle editor, ib. ; Rondeau by Austin 
 Dobson, 47 ; death of Tiirle, ib. ; Joseph 
 Knight editor, 49 ; death of Thoms, ib. ; 
 D. G. Rossetti on Ebenezer Jones, 53 ; 
 R. H. Thornton's ' Jubilee Greeting,' 54 ; 
 references to Civil List pensions, 95 ; 
 references to Saturday Review, 209 ; on 
 the Post Office, 217 ; on the name Long- 
 fellow, 226 ; on the opening of the Guildhall 
 Library, 250 ; on derivation of London, 
 251 ; on Ebsworth's ' Cavalier Lyrics,' 300 ; 
 on Ebsworth and Hill families, 304 
 Novels in one volume, 202 
 Noyades in 1793-4, 9 
 
 Nutt (David), partner in Triibner & Co., 
 284 
 
 
 
 O. (J.) on ' John Gilpin,' 70 
 
 Oakapple Day, Ebsworth on, 300 
 
 Observer, published on Sunday, 6 ; and Queen 
 
 Victoria's Coronation, 174 
 O'Conneil (D.) in Edinburgh, 291 
 O'Conor (C. P.), Civil List pension, 100 
 O'Dowd (Sir James), controversy with Lord 
 
 Panmure, 181 
 Oliphant (Janet Mary), Civil List pension, 
 
 105 ; Ebsworth on, 312 
 Oliphant (Laurence), Mrs. Oliphant'a memoir 
 
 of, 312 
 
336 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Olney, Cowper house at, 57 ; ' Olney Hymns, 
 
 60 ; Cowper's pew at, 72 
 Oratory, founded in King William Street, 
 
 Strand, 35 
 Owens College Jubilee, 170 
 Oxford University Press, its publications, 281 
 
 Page (John T.)i on Cowper and Lamb, 72 ; 
 on Sir Rowland and Lady Hill, 233 ; and 
 Bbaworth, 302 
 Palgrave {W. G.), pension to widow, 137 
 Palliaer (Sir W.), pension to widow, 132 
 Palmer (Prof. A.), pension to widow, 127 
 Palmer (Prof. B. H.), pension to widow, 140 
 Palmerston (Lord), contributes to The Globe, 
 
 181 ; and Sunday bands in the parks, 204 
 Paper, made from rag, esparto grass, and 
 
 wood pulp, 194 
 Paper duty, reduced, 4 ; repealed, ib. ; amount 
 paid by W. & B. Chambers, 165 ; and 
 H. G. Bohn, 280 
 Parcel Post, in 1905, 220 ; in 1907, 224 
 Paris, taxes on books in, 21 ; population 
 greater than that of London, *. ; book- 
 sellers in 1871, 275 ; Ebsworth at, 294 
 Paris (Dr. J. A.), geologist, pension to daughter, 
 
 107 
 Parker (Dr. Joseph) and City Temple pulpit, 
 
 253 
 Parkes (Sir Henry), pension to sister, 141 
 Parliament, Houses of, burnt, 79 
 Parris (E. T.), pension to daughter, 113 
 Parry (Col. G. S.) on Ebsworth family, 304 
 Partridge (S. W.), his death, 281 
 Pater (Walter), pension to sisters, 104 
 Paterson (John) suggests Thames Embank- 
 ment, 245 
 Patey (C. H. B.), pension to widow, 141 
 Patmore (Coventry), Saturday Review on, 208 
 Pattison (Mark), contributor to Saturday 
 
 Beview, 211 
 Paxton (Sir Joseph), his Victorian Way, 203 
 Payn (James), a, "model editor," 91; first 
 
 novel, 164 
 Payne (John), Civil List pension, 106 
 Peacock (E.) on Ocean Penny Post, 221 
 Pearson (C. H. ), pension to widow, 104 
 Peel (John), " Do you ken John Peel ? " 190 
 Peel (Sir Robert), practical sympathy with 
 
 literature, 96 ; visit to Edinburgh, 291 
 Peel (Sir William), Naval Brigade in Indian 
 
 Mutiny, 271 
 Penance in white sheet, 24 
 Penn (William) and Charles I., 298, 325 
 Penny Magazine, Cassell's, 166 
 Penny Magazine, Knight's, 163 
 Penny Post founded by J. Whitaker, 274 
 Pensions for literature. See Civil List. 
 Pepys (S.) on Hill, violin-maker, 304 
 Percy (Bishop), neighbour of Cowper, 68 
 Peter the Great, death of his first wife, 24 
 Petrie (Dr. G. ), pension to daughter, 122 
 Philatelic Exhibition, 1890, 218 
 Philip (J. Birnie), pension to widow, 113 
 Phoenix Fire Office, its history, 81, 83 
 
 Photography, early discoveries in, 39 
 Pickford (Rev. John) on Bishop Percy and 
 
 Cowper, 68 
 Pierce (G. W.), friend of Longfellow, death, 
 
 229 
 Pierpoint (R.) on date of Lord Mayors Show, 
 
 252 
 Pinkett (Governor), pension to widow, 134 
 Place (Francis) and the Duke of Wellington, 
 
 180 
 Pollock (W. H.), editor of Saturday Beview, 210 
 Polytechnic, its history, 187 
 Poor Man's Guardian, its career, 4 
 Pope (Alex.), his villa at Twickenham, 14 ; 
 
 as translator of Homer, 65 
 Portal (Sir G. H.), pension to widow, 143 
 Postage, foreign, reductions in, 220, 224 
 Postage, Imperial Penny, 220, 221 
 Postage, Penny, Quarterly Review on dangers 
 
 of, 217 ; first day, 218 ; growth, 219 ; agita- 
 tion for, 221 
 Post cards, iutroduced, 217 ; number in 1905, 
 
 220 ; in 1907, 224 
 Post Office, history from 1856 to 1906, 216-25 
 Powell (Prof. Baden), pension to widow, 108 
 Power (Frank), pension to sisters, 133 
 Prague, Ebsworth threatened with arrest at, 
 
 295 
 Press. See Newspapers. 
 Prideaux (Col. W. F.) on King Edward in 
 
 Scotland, 90 
 Prideaux (Sir W. S.), history of the Gold- 
 smiths' Company, 251 
 Prime Minister, his official precedence, 257 
 Prince Consort. See Albert (Prince). 
 Printing, first Hebrew books printed in 
 
 England, 149 ; and Jews, 150 
 Proctor (R. A.), pension to widow, 109 
 Prout (Father), contributor to The Globe, 182 
 Press, Unstamped. See Newspapers and 
 
 Taxes on Knowledge. 
 Psychological Society founded by Serjeant 
 
 Cox, 186 
 Publishers, taken into custody for libel, 24 ; 
 
 formerly called booksellers, 179 ; and under- 
 selling, 275 
 Publishers' Association formed, 276 
 Publishers' Circular, its history, 258 ; on 
 
 violin sales, 268 ; and Paris booksellers in 
 
 1871, 275 
 Pugin (Welby), pension to wife, 112 
 Punch, on Joseph Whitaker, 283 ; on Heath 
 
 Wilson, 294 
 Purnell CT.), death, xxxi 
 
 Puttick & Simpson, sale of Ebsworth's 
 books, xxxii ; history of the firm, 267-9 
 
 Q 
 
 Quaritch (B.), gives record price for a Caxton, 
 
 170 ; his history, 280 
 Quarterly Beview on dangers of Penny Postage, 
 
 217 
 Quebec Gazette, early Canadian paper, 195 
 Queens as members of Order of the Garter, 89 
 Quevedo, allusion in Cowper, 66 
 Quiver, list of its editors, 166 
 
INDEX. 
 
 337 
 
 R 
 
 Radcliffe (J. Netten), pension to widow, 141 
 Raeburu (Sir H.). pension to granddaughters, 
 
 114 
 Eailton {A. B.), his career, 33 
 Kaiuy (Principal), first Moderator of Free 
 
 Church, 85 ; death, 86 
 Rawson- Walker (E. H.), pension to widow, 137 
 Readers' Pension, Knight presides at first 
 
 dinner, x 
 Record Office, new, its liistory, 79, 203 
 Redfern (J. P.), pension to widow, 115 
 Reeves (Sir William Conrad), his knighthood, 
 
 167 
 ' Reference Catalogue of Current Literature,' 
 
 its growth, 282 
 Reform Bill, 1832, agitation in Edmhurgh, 291 
 Reid (Dr. J. Seaton), pension to widow, 97 
 Religious Tract Society, Centenary, 35 ; 
 
 presents Cowper biography to Olney 
 
 children, 57 ; its founder, 82 ; total pub- 
 lications, 163 
 Reynolds (Rev. Dr. H. R.), minister of Bast 
 
 Parade Chapel, Leeds, vi 
 Reynolds (Sir Joshua), house in Leicester 
 
 Square, 268 
 Rice (T. Spring), Lord Monteagle, reduces 
 
 Taxes on Knowledge, 4 
 Rimmel the perfumer and advertisements, 6 
 Ripon (Ist Marquis of) visits Knight at 
 
 Leeds, vi 
 Rippon (John), D.D., pastor of Carter Lane 
 
 Chapel, his Bunhill Fields collections, 1 ; 
 
 his Hymn and Tune Book, 2 ; his Alms- 
 houses, ib. 
 Rippon (John), nephew, his oratorio ' The 
 
 Crucifixion,' 1 
 Rippon (Thomas), chief cashier of the Bank 
 
 of England, 2 
 Rivingtons, the firm in 1807, 264 
 Roberta (Earl), on Indian Mutiny heroes, 270 ; 
 
 on Veterans' Relief Fund, 285 
 Roberts (W.) on Cowper portraits, 68 
 Robinson (Emma), Civil List pension, 119 
 Robinson (F. W.), Bbsworth on, 306 
 Robinson (H. Crabb), first war correspondent, 
 
 75 
 Robinson (Joseph), pension to widow, 118 
 Rodgers (Rev. J.), pension to widow, 119 
 Rogers (S.), his ' Table Talk,' 207 
 Bolls Chapel, its history, 80, 83 
 Romney (G.), portraits of Cowper, 68 
 Room (Rev. Charles), his ministry, 2 ; presents 
 
 his poems to Scott, i6. 
 Roosevelt (President) invites negro to the 
 
 White House, 160 
 Bossetti (Christina) and Christ Church, 
 
 Wobum Square, 159 
 Rossetti (D. G.), Life by Knight, xxv ; letter 
 
 to Knight, *. ; death, xxvi ; on Ebenezer 
 
 Jones, 53 ; Bbsworth on, 305 
 Bossetti (Gabriel), his escape to Malta, 5+ 
 Rossetti (W. M.), and Joseph Knight, xxvi ; 
 
 on F. G. Stephens, xxxiv 
 Rostand (E.), Knight on ' Cyrano de Bergerac,' 
 xxvii 
 
 Rothschild (Lionel Nathan), first Jewish M.P., 
 
 153 
 Routledge & Sons, aaleof Longfellow's works, 237 
 Bowaell (Joel), his notable visitors, 285 
 ' Roxburghe Ballads,' W. Chappell editor, 320 ; 
 
 Bbsworth editor, ib. 
 ' Roxburghe Revels,' Atlienceum on, 18 
 Royal Society, its house in Crown Court, 81 
 Ruskin (John), memorial at Heme HUl, 88 
 Russell (Lord John), Jewish gratitude to, 153 
 Russell (Sir W. H.), war correspondent in 
 
 Zulu War, 76 
 Russia, Empress Catherine inoculated, 158 ; 
 
 condition in 1855, 202 
 Rye (Maria S.), Civil List pension, 138 
 Rylands (John) Library, its copy of ' Hypne- 
 
 rotomachia Poliphili,' xiv ; history of its 
 
 formation, 31-4 
 Rylands (Mrs.), her death, 32, 281 
 
 St. James's Gazetle, ' The Bannerman's Lament, ' 
 
 xxiii 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster, John Gilpin 
 
 buried at, 71 
 St. Marylebone Church, 500th anniversary, 84 
 St. Mary Woolnoth, John Newton's remains 
 
 at, 57 
 St. Patrick's Day and Irish Guards, 90 
 Salomons (Sir David), first Jewish Lord 
 
 Mayor, 153 
 Samplers, verses on, 3 
 Saturday Journal founded, 166 
 Saturday Review, its foundation, 193 ; its 
 
 Jubilee, editors and contributors, 200-212 
 Saunders (Robert), founder of Hodgson & 
 
 Sons, 260 
 Schmitz (Dr. L.), pension to daughters, 120 
 Scotland, union of Free and United Churches, 
 
 85 ; Edward VII.'s title in, 90 
 Scotsman on United Free Church, 85 
 Scott (Alexander John), Principal of Owens 
 
 College, 171 
 Scott (David), Bbsworth's art master, 292 
 Scott (General H. Y. D.), pension to widow, 142 
 Scott (Sir Walter), and the Roxburghe Club, 
 
 19 ; original of Rebecca in ' Ivanhoe,' 151 ; 
 
 his funeral, 164 ; sale of his copyrights, 
 
 263 ; beloved by Bbsworth, 290 ; insulted 
 
 at Hawick, 291 
 Scottish Academy, Ebsworth exhibits at, 
 
 292, 293 
 Scrivener (Rev. F. H. A. ), pension to daughters, 
 
 120 
 Seaman (Dr. Lazarus), catalogue of his library, 
 
 261 
 Seeley (Sir J. R.), pension to widow, 126 
 Seldon (S.), pension to widow, 141 
 Shairp (Prof. J. C), pension to widow, 123 
 Shakespeare (W.), price of First Polio in 1812, 
 
 260 ; prices in 1862 and 1905, 265 ; Earl 
 
 Howe's Polios and Quartos, 269 
 Shamrock presented to Irish Guards, 90 
 Sliarpe (Dr. R. R.), on works printed by the 
 
 Corporation, 249 j on the title " Lord " 
 
 Mayor, 256 
 
338 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Shaw (Sir Eyre MasSey ) on London fires, 258 
 Shaylor (Joseph) on publishers and book- 
 sellers 179 
 Shedlock (J. S.) on Handel relic, 88 
 Sheil (Richard Lalor), nicknamed " Speechless 
 
 Shell," 168 
 Sheridan (R. B.), Knight's introduction to his 
 
 ' Dramatic Works,' xxviii 
 Shilleto (R. ), pension to daughter, 124 
 Shorter (Clement), at Olney, 73 ; on illustra- 
 tions in The Aihenceum, 175 
 Simmons (Capt. ), pension to widow, 131 
 Simpkin, Marshall & Co., history oJ the firm, 
 
 278 
 Simpson (Jas.), pension to daughter, 118 
 Simpson ( Wm. ), partner in Puttick & Simpson, 
 
 268 
 Singer (S. W.), edits Shakespeare, 38 ; Satur- 
 day Review on, 208 
 Skeet (C. J.), publisher and second-hand 
 
 bookseller, 285 
 Smith (Ebenezer) and Elim Chapel, 267 
 Smith (George) sent to Nineveh by Daily 
 
 Telegraph, 198 
 Smith (George Barnett), Civil List pension, 102 
 Smith (George Murray) and his authors, 91, 278 
 Smith (Col. T. Laurence), pension to widow,132 
 Smith & Elder, history of the firm, 278 
 Smyth (Eleanor C), Life of Rowland Hill, 223 
 Snow (T.) and Sampson Gideon, 153 
 Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, sale of Cowper 
 letters, 68 ; of Blake drawings, 189 ; 
 history of the firm, 262 ; sale of Earl Howe's 
 Shakespeares, 269 
 Sotheran (Messrs.), A. B. Railton a partner, 
 
 33 ; history of the firm, 281 
 Southey (Robert), his ' Wat Tyler,' 26 ; his 
 
 edition of CoTS'per, 65 
 Spectator, Addison's, and the compulsory 
 
 stamp, 3, 5 
 Spencean Philanthropists plan a rising, 25 
 Spencer (George John, Lord) obtains pension 
 
 for Cowper, 61 
 Spencer (Herbert), Saturday Review on, 207 
 Spenser (Edmund), Knight on his fairies, v 
 Sphere, on first lady barrister, 89 ; on first 
 
 negro to dine at the White House, 160 
 Spurgeon (C. H.), on John Francis, 2 ; Satur- 
 day Review on, 205 
 Stael-Holstein (Madame de), her death, 28 
 Stamp, compulsory, on newspapers, 3 ; re- 
 duced, 4 ; abolished, ib. ; and The Globe, 
 183 ; and The Field, 186 ; Times on, 200 
 Standard, on Christ's Hospital, 89, 172 ; on 
 Mozart's skull, 158 ; on Wren's mallet, 172 
 Stanley (H. M.), 'Through the Dark Con- 
 tinent,' 198 
 Steamboats, permitted, 21 ; on the Clyde, 28 
 Steevens (G. W.), death at Ladysmith,"71 
 Steingass (Dr. P.), Civil List pension, 127 
 Stephen (Sir J. P.) contributes to Saturday 
 
 Revieii; 210 
 Stephens (P. G.), death and funeral, xxxiii ; 
 
 on Ebawi irUi as an artist, 293 
 Stevenson (R. A. M.), pension to widow, 116 
 Stewart (Balfour), pension to widow, 109 
 
 Stewart (Col. Hamill), pension to mother and 
 
 sisters, 132 
 Stewart (Sir Robert), pension to widow, 117 
 Stirling (Dr. J. Hutcheson), Civil List pension, 
 
 124 
 Stock Exchange, its Centenary, 91 
 Storyteller founded, 166 
 Stratford de Redclifie (Lord), pension to 
 
 daughters, 136 
 Sullivan (Dr.), of Queen's College, Cork, 
 
 pension to daughters, 124 
 Sun, papers so named, 167 
 Sunday newspapers, 6 
 Sunday observance, Palmerston withdraws 
 
 bands in the parks, 204 
 Sunderland Library sale, 269 
 Swinburne (A. C), Knight on his claims to 
 
 the Lanreateship, xxix ; on the noyades 
 
 in 1793, 9 
 Sydenharai Wells Park, its associations, 93 
 Sydney Gazette, first AustraUan paper, 195 
 Sydney Morning Herald, its history, 196 
 
 Tariff Reform Commission, its name, 191 
 
 Tavistock House demolished, 84 
 
 Taxes on Knowledge : Hetherington's Poor 
 Man's Guardian, 3 ; reduced by Spring 
 Rice, 4 ; in Paris, 21 ; effect on newspapers, 
 192. See also Paper duty and Stamp, com- 
 pulsory. 
 
 Tegetmeier (W. B.), his reminiscences, 187 
 
 Telegram, the longest, 191 
 
 Telegrams, from war correspondents, 75, 198 ; 
 wireless, 199 
 
 Temple, Middle, Benchers' privileges, 171 
 
 Temple Bar, its removal, 252 
 
 Tennyson : Kingsley : Dickens, names in 
 parish registers, 9 
 
 Tennyson (Alfred), Saturday Rei-iew on, 202 ; 
 visited by Longfellow, 234 
 
 Terriss (William), Knight on his death, xxii 
 
 Thackeray (W. M.), Saturday Review on 
 ' Barry Lyndon,' 209 
 
 Thames, plans for Embankment, 245 ; its 
 purification, 246 
 
 Theatres : pieces in London in 1869, vii ; 
 Knight at, ix 
 
 ' Tlieatrical Notes,' by Knight, ix 
 
 Thistlewood (Arthur), trial in 1817, 26 
 
 Thomas (G. Housman), pension to widow, 113 
 
 Thomas (W. Cave), Civil List pension, 114 
 
 Thomas (W. Moy), on Daily Neios Jubilee, 
 12 ; editor of CasseU's Magazine, 166 
 
 Thompson (Thurston), pension to widow, 138 
 
 Thorns (W. J.), coins " Folk-lore," 86 ; starts 
 ' N. & Q.,' ib. ; on C. W. Dilke, 42 ; resigns 
 editorship of ' N. & Q.,' 43 ; on Dr. Doran, 
 46 ; death, 49 ; his works, 50 ; on cen- 
 tenarians, 51 ; banquet to him, 52 
 
 Thornton (R. H. ), ' Jubilee Greeting ' to 
 ' N. & Q.,' 51 ; on The Saturday Sadducce, 
 210 
 
 Thurston (Sir J. B.), pension to widow, 134 
 
 Tiaras and diadems, their difference, 191 
 
INDEX. 
 
 339 
 
 Ticknor & Fields, publish ' Hiawatha,' 230 ; 
 
 ' Tales of a Wayside Inn,' 231 
 Times, and the siege of Paris, 39 ; and Wel- 
 lington's death, 40 ; first war correspondent, 
 75 ; on curious epitaph, 159 ; on Canon 
 T. T. Carter, 160; on Queen Victoria's 
 Coronation, 174 ; on rag -made paper, 194 ; 
 on newspaper compulsory stamp, 200 ; 
 criticized by Saturday Review, 201, 204 ; 
 on Lord Mayor at Nelson's funeral, 251 
 Tobacco, Cowper on, 64 
 
 Todd (0. T. ), father of the City Corporation, 259 
 Traill (H. D.), pension to widow, 106 ; parody 
 
 of ' Sister Helen,' 306 
 Traveller, The, amalgamated with The Globe, 
 
 180 
 Treloar (Sir William) presides at News- 
 vendors' festival, 254 
 Trench (Lieut. -Col.) suggests Thames Em- 
 bankment, 246 
 Trollope (Anthony), pension to widow, 105 
 Trollope (T. A.), pension to widow, 103 
 Triibner (Nicholas), his death, 284 ; his wife, 
 
 285 
 Truth, on Order of the Garter, 89 ; on George 
 
 IV.'s gold dinner service, 190 
 Tube railways in the City, 244 
 Tucker (Bobert), Civil List pension, 112 
 Tulloch (Principal J.), pension to daughters,123 
 Tupper (Martin P.), pension to daughter, 102 
 Turle (H. P.), editor of ' N. & Q.,' 46 ; death, 
 
 48 
 Turle (James), ' Psalm and Hymn Tunes,' 49 
 Turner (Rev. Sydney), pension to daughter, 119 
 ' Tyrannicide,' author of the pamphlet, 212 
 
 U 
 
 Unemployment, Lord Nugent's Bill in 1830, 5 
 Union Jack. See Flag. 
 United States, Penny Postage to, 223 
 University College, Gower Street, its Jewish 
 
 benefactors, 154 
 Unwin (Mrs.), and Cowper, 59; marriage 
 
 broken off, 60 ; death, 62 
 
 Vargas (P.), pension to daughters, 144 
 
 Varley (S. A.), Civil List pension, 110 
 
 Venables (G. Stovin), contributor to Saturday 
 Review, 211 
 
 Victoria (Queen), Knight on her death, xx ; 
 Kaisar-i-Hind, 29 ; and Order of the 
 Garter, 89 ; public mourning for, ib. ; 
 visit to Manchester, 171 ; newspapers on 
 her Coronation, 173 ; poems by E. B. 
 Browning on, 213 ; gives up privilege of 
 franking, 219 ; opens Holborn Viaduct 
 a,nd Blackfriars Bridge, 245 ; iirst visit to 
 Edinburgh, 291 ; ' Boxburghe Ballads ' 
 dedicated to, 321 
 
 Villafranca, treaty of, Mrs. Browning on, 215 
 
 Violins, prices at sales, 268 
 
 Vizetelly (Henry) and Queen Victoria's 
 Coronation, 174 
 
 Voters, plural, 82 
 
 W 
 
 Wales (Prince of). Prince George created, 160 
 Wallace (Alf. Bussel), Civil List pension, 108 
 Wallace (Prof. W.), pension to widow, 127 
 Wallis (G.), pension to daughters, 120 
 Walsh (John Henry), editor of The Field, 185 
 War correspondents. See Newspapers. 
 Ward (E. M.), B.A., pension to widow, 113 
 Washington (Booker T.) invited to the White 
 
 House, 160 
 Water, London supply 1722-1829, 22 
 Waterloo, battle of, news in London, 41 
 Waterloo Bridge opened, 28 
 Watson (James) the elder, his trial, 26 
 Watson (William), Civil List pension, 104 
 Watts-Dunton (T.), on D. G. Bossetti, xxvi ; 
 
 on P. B. Marston, xxxi ; on ' Pestus ' 
 
 Bailey, 97, 177 
 Webster (Benj.), proprietor of The Field, 184 
 Webster (Eev. Wentworth ), Civil List pension, 
 
 126 
 Weekly Chronicle on Queen Victoria's Corona- 
 tion, 173 
 Weir (Harrison), Civil List pension, 115 
 Wellington (Arthur, Duke of), plate presented 
 
 to him by the Prince Begent of Portugal, 21 ; 
 
 death, 40 ; in ' N. & Q.,' 41 ; and Queen 
 
 Victoria's Coronation, 174 ; on Prancis 
 
 Place, 180 ; and Mrs. Pitzherbert, 208 ; 
 
 Longfellow's poem on, 230 ; and Lord 
 
 Mayor's banquet, 254 
 Wells (Charles), Civil List pension, 100 
 Wellsman (Walter), editor of ' Newspaper 
 
 Press Directory,' 196 
 Wentworth (William Charles) founds The 
 
 Australian, 195 
 Wesley (Charles), biu:ied in Marylebone 
 
 Churchyard, 84 
 Wesley (John) preaches in Petter Lane, 81 
 Westminster Abbey, Campbell's funeral, 31 ; 
 
 Longfellow memorial in, 239 
 Westwood (T.) on Mrs. Browning, 214 
 Weyman (Stanley J.) on Oxford life, 164 
 Weymouth (Dr. R. P.), Civil List pension, 125 
 Whitaker (Cuthbert Wilfrid), editor of the 
 
 ' Almanack,' 283 
 Whitaker (George Herbert), editor of The 
 
 Bookseller, 283 
 Whitaker (Joseph), originates The Fenny Post, 
 
 274 ; editor of The Gentleman's Magazine, 
 
 275 ; founds The Bookseller, ib. ; starts 
 Belief Fund for Paris booksellers, ib. ; 
 and underselling, ib. ; starts ' Reference 
 Catalogue of Current Literature,' 282 ; 
 and the ' Almanack,' 283 ; death, ib. 
 
 Whitaker (Vernon), second editor of The 
 
 Bookseller, 277 
 White (J. Gleeson), pension to widow, 110 
 Whitgift Hospital, Croydon, its quaint 
 
 regulations, 78 
 Whitman (Walt), Saturday Review on, 207 
 Whittaker (T.), Civil List pension, 112 
 Whittier (J. G.) on Longfellow's death, 239 
 " Who fears to speak of Ninety-Eight ? " its 
 
 author, 291 
 
340 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ■William IV., reduces his Civil List, 5 ; his 
 
 various titles, 91 
 Williama (Sir John Bickerton), first Knight 
 
 made by Queen Victoria, 175 
 Willis & Sotheran, prices in 1862 catalogue, 
 
 265 ; the firm, 281 
 Wilson (Ciharles Heath), Bbsworth's art master, 
 
 292 ; attacked by Punch, 294 
 Wilson (Prof. Gr.), pension to sister, 108 
 Wilson (John), editor of The Globe, 181 
 Wilson (John), " Christopher North," Saturday 
 
 Review on the 'Noctes, ' 206; on picture 
 
 by Bbsworth, 293 
 Wilson (Stephen), portrait of Knight by, iii 
 Wollaston (Charlton J.), Civil List pension, 143 
 Wolstenholme (Rev. J.), pension to widow, 125 
 Wood (Mrs. Henry), Times on ' East Lynne,' 
 
 162 
 Wood (Rev. J. G-.), pension to widow, 109 
 Wood (J. Turtle), pension to widow, 115 
 Wood (John Muir), his love for ballads, 298 
 Woodblock, earliest, 32 
 Woodfall (T.),. Bbsworth's godfather, 289 
 
 Wooler (T. J.), tried for libel, 21 
 Women in the Post Office, 224 
 Working Man's Friend started, 165 
 Wornum (Ralph N.), pension to widow, 113 
 Wren (Sir Christopher), his mallet, 172 ; 
 
 suggests Thames Embankment, 245 
 \Vright (Dr. Jos.), Civil List pension, 127 
 Wright (T.), ' Life of Cowper,' 58, 72 
 Wyse (Sir T.), pension to niece, 139 
 
 Yardley, Northamptonshire, its oak, 69 
 Yarmouth, first town to photograph records, 39 
 Yates (Edmund) on J. A. Heraud. vii 
 Yeowell (J.), prepares ' N. & Q.' Indc-ses, 40 ; 
 
 death, 45 ; on Pope and Cowper, 65 
 Young (Murdo) and SheU's speech, 168 
 
 Zangwill (Israel), his ' Children of the Ghetto,' 
 152 
 
 PKIMTBD BY FRANCIS & CO., THE ATH}Slf.a5UM PRESS, 13, BBJSAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C. 
 
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