73 A4- n IIP I SI .Alexandrian chronolog 3 1924 028 669 616 \^y Cornell University Library The original of this bool< is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028669616 ALEXANDRIAN CHRONOLOGY, FROM THE BUILDING OF THE CITY TILL ITS CONQUEST BY THE ARABS, A. D. 640. BY SAMUEL SHARP E. LONDON: EDWARD MOXON, DOVER STREET. 1857. PRINTED BY ARTHUR TAYLOR, COLEMAN STREET. ALEXANDRIAN CHRONOLOGY. THE City of Alexandria was the residence of several eminent astronomers, whose recorded eclipses and occupations have fixed for us the dates of the reigns and other eras from which they counted their years. By means of these astronomical records the following Table of years and reigns has been for the most part formed. In each series of the Table the years follow in the simple order of the figures ; but, as they were not in the several series always of the same length, they do not begin on the same new year's day, nor do they keep pace one with another. In every case the Table, if it were quite exact, should mark the day on which a year begins ; but it only aims at dividing time into reigns and years ; and therefore months and days have been attended to only so far as is necessary to count the years correctly. At the head of every column is written the name of the series which follows below, while in the margin are occasionally written the proofs which join one series with another. A few events simply historical have also been added in the margin. The years before and after our era of the birth of Christ are supposed to be Julian years, or without any perceptible inaccuracy may be taken as those now in use ; and they are calculated backwards from the present time. They are placed in the first column as the common scale to which all the events can be most easily referred. They begin at or near our first of January ; for no such exactness is here required as to make us wish to distinguish betwe'en Julian and Gregorian years. The years of Nabonassar king of Babylon are those by which the Baby- lonian and Alexandrian astronomers recorded their observations. They began in the year B. c. 747, as is determined by the observation of Venus, quoted in the margin at B. c. 272, and by the eclipse of the moon, at B. c. 174. Several IV eras, or series of years, are very satisfactorily referred to the era of Nabonassar by Censorinus- In his work De Die Natali, cap. xxi., he writes thus : ' According to this calculation, unless I am mistaken, this year, of which ' the name is The Consulship of Ulpius and Pontianus, is the 1014th from the ' first Olympiad, counting from Midsummer when the Olympic games are cele- ' brated. It is the 991st of Rome, counting from the feast of Pales, the day ' from which the years of the city are counted. Of the Julian years it is the ' 283d ; but from the calends of January, which Julius Caesar made the begin- ' ning of his reformed year. Of the Augustan years it is the 265th, also from ' the calends of January ; although it was on the sixteenth day before the calends ' of February that the emperor Csesar, the son of Divus, was declared to be ' Augustus by the senate and other citizens, on the motion of Munacius Plancus, ' when he was consul the seventh time, and Vipsanius Agrippa the third time. ' But the Egyptians call this year the 267th Augustan year, because they were ' brought under the power of Rome two years before. For among the Egyp- ' tians, as with us, some years are named on the plan of those of Nabonassar, ' which begin with the first year of his reign. Of the years of Nabonassar this ' is the 986th. So also those of Philip [Arridseus] are counted from the death of ' Alexander the Great to this year, which is the 562d. These years begin on the ' first day of the Egyptian month Thoth, which this year is the seventh before ' the calends of July ; one hundred years ago, in the consulship of Antoninus ' Pius and Bruttius Praesens, the first of Thoth was the twelfth day before the ' calends of August, the day when in Egypt the dog-star rises heliacally.' The Egyptian years are counted from the era of Menophres, or the twen- tieth of July, B.C. 1321. This was fourteen hundred and sixty natural years before the twentieth of July, A. D. 139, the day spoken of in the above quoted passage from Censorinus, when the dog-star rose heliacally in the second year of Antoninus. These years, like those of Nabonassar, contained three hundred and sixty-five days exactly ; and hence this period of fourteen hundred and sixty natural years, for want of a system of leap-years, contained fourteen hundred and sixty-one civil years. This was called a Sothic or Canicular period. The era of Menophres, or beginning of the first Sothifc period, is fixed by a passage of Theon, quoted in Cory's Fragments. He says that the last year of Augustus (that is, the year before the 1st of Diocletian, or A. D. 284), is sixteen hundred and five years from the era of Menophres. This is confirmed by the statement of Censorinus above quoted. Menophra, after whom this Egyptian era was named, was the Egyptian king Thothmosis III., who bore that prenomen. The time of the year when the first of Thoth, the new-year's day, fell, is easily calculated for every year by means of the words of Censorinus. In B. c. 1321 it was the twentieth of July. Every fourth year it became one day earlier in the season ; and in a. b. 139 it was again the twentieth of July, old style. This statement of Censorinus is confirmed by the astronomers, who have all used this year and its months in recording their observations. The day on which this moveable new year's day fell is given in every second page of the Table. The years of Alexander's death are fixed by the statement of Censorinus, and still more certainly by the astronomical observations quoted in the Table, They are Egyptian years, like those of Nabonassar and Menophres. The first year of the reign of Philip Arridseus was called the 1st year of Alexander's death. The years of the king's reigns are all Egyptian years, beginning on the moveable first of Thoth, until the 5th year of Augustus, when that emperor introduced in Alexandria the Julian year, with the use of a leap-year. After that year the years of the emperors' reigns are Julian years, and are called Alexandrian years. They begin on the twenty-ninth of August, which was the Egyptian new-year's day, when the Julian mode of reckoning was introduced into Alexandria. The years of the reign in Egypt did not begin and end as with us on the anniversary of the accession, but on the civil new-year's day. The first year of every king's reign ended on the day before the next new-year's day, and thus it was in length less than twelve months : so also was the last year of his reign. The last year of one king, and the first year of the next king, together contained twelve months : to this rule however there are some excep- tions, when the succession to the crown was not regular ; as on the death of Cleopatra, and on the death of Pertinax. The length of every reign before Augustus is taken from Porphyry's His- tory as published in Scaliger's Eusehius. In several cases, a king continued to count the years from his predecessor's coming to the throne. In some cases, the series was continued through several reigns, as in the cases of Arridseus, of VI Augustus, and of Diocletian, The beginning of Diocletian's reign was a little later called by the Christians the era of Martyrs, because of the persecutions which they suffered under that emperor. These years however were not counted from the year in which the persecution took place. After the accession of Diocletian it becomes necessary to attend to the Roman method of counting the years of a reign. At Rome and Constantinople an emperor's years were counted from his first imperial consulship : this began in January after his accession. Thus Diocletian came to the throne early in A'. D. 285. In Alexandria his first year ended on the twenty-eighth of August in that year. In the next January he was installed as consul, and thus his first year, according to the Roman computation, began four months after it was ended in Alexandria. The Alexandrian coins are in most cases dated by the year of the reign in which they were struck. On those years for which such coins are now to be found in our cabinets, the Greek numerals for the date have been added to the Table in a column for that purpose : these coins often determine the length of a reign. A few foreign coins are also mentioned in the margin, when their dates help us to fix the beginning or end of a reign. The authority for the coins is Mionnet's Medailles Antiques. In addition to these eras, which were more particularly Alexandrian or Egyptian, a few others are included in the Table, which bring further certainty to the dates of some of the reigns. The era of the Seleucidse was used in Syria ; it began on the death of the young Alexander ^gus, the son of Alexander the Great. Several emperors' coins are dated by this era, which thus, while it fixes the date of one reign, is itself fixed by another reign. In the year that Csesar conquered Pompey at Pharsalia, some cities of Syria began a new series of dates: this was called the era of Antioch. It continued in use till Antioch was taken by the Arabs ; and, while Alexandria was subject to Antioch, it was used in the Alexandrian Chronicle. There Vll can be very little doubt that the years of the Seleucidae, and of Antioch, both began on the same new-year's day with the Egyptian years, till the 9th of Augustus; and after that time, with the Alexandrian new-year's day. Had there been a new-year's day among the Greeks in Syria different from that of Babylon and Alexandria, Censorinus and other writers would undoubtedly have told us of it. The years of Rome are counted from an imagined time, when the city was supposed to be built ; they were at first of very uncertain length, and had a doubtful new-year's day. But Julius Caesar reformed the Roman calendar by the help of Egyptian science ; he made the year begin on the first of January, and contain three hundred and sixty-five days and a quarter. This he arranged by giving to the ordinary year three hundred and sixty-five days, and making every fourth year a leap-year with three hundred and sixty-six days. The year of Rome 709, or a. d. 45, was the first leap-year at Rome. In the following Table the leap-years are marked with a star. The years of Rome in the Table are made to begin in January, as fixed by Julius Caesar ; not on the feast of Pales, towards the end of April, as counted by Censorinus. The Olympiads were periods of four years each. The years began at Mid- summer, being natural years guided by the seasons ; and they were counted from Midsummer B.C. 776, as we learn from Censorinus in the passage before quoted. About the time of the legal establishment of Christianity, the ecclesiastical writers date by the Indiction, a period of fifteen years. This, however, is of no great service to us, for the writers only count the years of an indiction, and not the indictions themselves ; and only so far distinguish them sometimes, as to describe one as Constantine's first indiction. They are fixed by the Alexan- drian Chronicle. The Arabic writers date by the Hegira, ox Jlight of Mahomet. The Arabic years are counted from Friday the 16th of July, A. d. 622. They contain only three hundred and fifty-four days, and thus the new-year's day very soon runs the round of the seasons. Works by the same Author . THE HISTORY OF EGYPT. Third Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. EGYPTIAN INSCRIPTIONSu Two hundred and Hxteen plates in folio. RUDIMENTS OF A VOCABULARY OF' EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS. CHRONOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT EGYPT. THE NEW TESTAMENT. Translated from Griesbach's Text. Third Edition. 12mo. HISTORIC NOTES on the Books of the OLD and NEW TESTAMENTS. 12mo. CRITICAL NOTES on the Authorized ENGLISH VERSION of the NEW TESTAMENT. 12ino. ALEXANDRIAN CHRONOLOGY. ALEXANDRIANT CHRONOLOGY FROM THE BUILDING OF THE CITY TILL ITS CONQUEST BY THE ARABS AD. 640. i. t •■H ir. ^ u> fii • »-2 1 a. CL. 3/ i Ms oi tk e Texan ?^ 384 114; 1 - 323 1000 425 1 PhiJTpAi-idaeus. - - -2 JOOJ 522 4?6 2 ( J Ptolemy.) 9 S2I • • • o J002 427 3 (2) • --4 - • - • /YIexandev dien \j\ynxy>. 1 14i. I.(i)to^ 2 ^ ^ 2 ^ ^-^ *-' O of 1;}i€ reig'fi. 320 - • ■ 434 435 1003 4i8 '4P}r'lij,'Ar{dsenS.' -) 115-. -1 \3 Tiolemy Sot 319 • 1004 429 s ■(4) ■ ■ " ■ - - - 2 318 436 • • ■ • J 005 430 6 (5) X ■ • - 437 J 006 431 7 (6) - - .4 216 438 JOO7 432 8 , Alexa-ncler^'gu'sl' (7 Ptolemy Soter.) 1 « 1 ^ I 315 Ho- -1 439 1008 433 9 \s) ■■■■'■ 2 514 - / 440 1009 4B4> 10 (9) ■■"■'■■ - 3 X 313 441 442 1010 435- n H . . . s 4 - - 4 sn 1011 436 n 00 5 311 117-1 443 444 J012 437 13 •(n)"--" 1 - - 2 310 1013 438 14 (13) 2 - - - ^ X 309 445 1014 439 15 (14) 5 - - -4 308 446 447 1015 440 16 {15) 4 118. 1 5 30J 1016 441 17 (16) - - 2 306 448 44g 450 1017 442 18 IJ 6 r - - -3 1018 443 19 15 7 X 305 ■ - -4 1019 444 20 19 8 304' 1 1 A . 1 303 iiy---j 451 1020 445 '21 20 9 *) 502 - - - ^ 452 1021 446 22 21 10 ■ --3 301 453 1022 447 23 22 11 - • -4 ^he Eg-yptian year Leg-ins on tke Alexander ^^g-us is mui-olere J Olymp. 1]/. 2 . {Pi>lodo?zi4i) The Era. 0/ fAe SeJeti- c'xaae ceg'iMs. Ptolemy takes tke title of kino-. n3 2-. 0) B O 0.' ^ o y ^ o «-+-! *-M r C s: o O V oftL rerg' n. ?e (u'~C . ,-c 'r ■ii w CO o « • H o 3;' o a? 300 ■" 454 1023 1 448 . . . 24 QQ Ptolemy ^^ Soter. 11 ion 1 299 liV: -1 455 456 457 4S8 459 1024 440 25 24 13 - 2 998 1026- 450 26 25 14 3 ap/'* 102.6 451 27 26 15 - -4 296 102.7 452 28 %7 16 J21-.-1 29 J- 1028 45S 29 28 V • - 2 394. 460 461 462 1029 4.54 30 29 18 • - -5 X 293 1030 455 31 30 X J9 • -4 29^ lObl 455 32 31 Xa 20 2gi 1 X z-.- i 463 464 465 4,ee 46/ 468 1032 457 S3 3% x^' 21 • --2 290 1033 4.58 34 SB V n - ---3 289 J034 459 3S 34 as .. .4 288 103<; 460 36 35 \e 24 I23-.1 28^ J036 461 SJ 36 M 25 2 ^86 1037 462 38 37 26 • 3 285 469 470 471 1038 463 39 38 27 4 284 mg 464 40 39 iPkWacielphw 2§ 124-.-1 £83 282, 1040 465 41 40 2 29 • - • -5 47a 475 1041 466 42 41 3 }xa 30 --•■5 ... 4 io4a 467 45 ■42 4 X 281 31 ; TneKcryptran year fceg'itis on. TKe ,?Q*oi Soter is the l-^^of PhiJacTelpKus. {J^<^fw^^ Ptolemy Soter dies. it; ■r. S o o O u ■A a, c c e« .« M J. t« a> 0! ^ ^ O ^ X Q> rt _iT3 ^ << Hi 4 3/fK o O •^^3 .-«;•'- O O.) e rei §■"• ■K ?iBO 474 i04S 468 44 ^^(Ptolemy ms. 3a S/p 125- -1 475 1044 469 45 44 6 p5 38 27» ■ • - - z 476 1045- 470 46 45 7 34 -5 X 277 376 1046 471 47 46 8 3^ • • - 4 478 47Q JO47 472 48 "47 9 36 ■1%&.-1 37^ 1048 473 49 48 ' 10 p7|- 3J 274 • • ■% 480 1049 474 .^0 ■ 49 11 •p^- 5S X ... .3 481 482 J 050 47J 51 50 12 >' 39 - - .4 lOSl 476 52 51 13 ■ ^■1 40 272 r/1 iz7.- -1 483 484 Wb'l 477 53 "52 ■14 y^' 41 - - -2 io,n 4J8 54 53 ' U vy 42 270 . , - ^ X 269 48^ 10S4 479 SS 54 16 y^ 43 . . .4 368 486 487 ms A80 56 7 44 ■n&.-i me 481 ■57 IB * * ' 45 %6J ... 2m ft ^65 • • • z 488 489 490 105J 482 58 19 t^ 46 - - .3 1058 483 59 20 M 47 • ■ 4 ' ?lo(. 48 964 1059 484 60 21 263 ]39-.-l 491 49a 1060 48J 61 22 ^/3 49 • • • 2 26^ 106J 486 62 23 ^/ ^0 X 261 • • • -3 493 m% 487 63 24 P6^ 51 • - -4 Embstssy f»*oni FLome. Tlie ly^'day of Mesore.in ike J3 ^'•of PhJlad«Ipkus . -f ke ^2"''bf Alexanderk deat'K iij>}ie476'^of Nafconassarj is tke 1 5"'ol' Oct- B.C. Tjf% . By an obsei'vation of B erenice dies. Gyrene revolts 5. >4 u CO O) h c« CB %^ • ctl m OJ w "tt: £ • s o C£2 Menopl-ir w o OS Alexand death . O ^ "S ^ ^ Df til « ^^ -^^ u ,^ rJ a; (U C. J=! O ' -4-! e reign 260 " 494 1063 488 64 jj J Ptolemy Fliilatlelplius. 5;i JEi-^ -150. ■ 1- 496 497 498 1064 489 65 i6 KC 53 - -S: Z5B 1065 490 66 z7 54 - -3- io66 491 '6r' Z9 Kl] 55 - -4 X36 1067 49A 6q %9 Kfl 56 IM: - 1- 255 499 501 5oa 1068 493 69 30 •5 '7 - - -;&• S.S4> 1069 494 70 31 XOL 58 - - -5- + io;^o 495 7^ &i 59 4, ns% 10^1 496 7% 33 'xj.' 60 idl 13* '.-t 503 504 10 /A 49;- 73 34 61 - - -Ik 10 IP'S 498 74 35 Xe 6z' iSQ + ^49 ... .3. 505 1074 499 75 56 >^6- 63 ^48 - -.jf 506 10j^5 500 76 37 64 24?- 135,- 1- 507' 508 iof6 501 77 38 65 - - -^i <246 lojY 502 7s -39- ■■■■■■■ llEuereetes . -V6- 66' + ;24.5' - ■ ■ 3, 509 J 0^8 503 79 67 i4.4 ... 4 510 10^9 504 eo 3 68 ;z43 ■134 .- 1- 511 1080 505 81 4 69 ■ ■ --Z- UZ •512 1081 506 9Z 5 70 + ^41 - ■ ■ ■ Sr 513 i08X 50?^ 83 6 7^ ■ -4 Egyptian y»ar loegins ^^^ Oct Cyrene again joined h Egypt Ptolemy Philadeiplius reigned 38 years ( S^cxHoAjry ) ^ 01 ctf f O H o P-. o n VI CD C o ,-« O of ill e reign o ^4.0 514. 1083 508 34 >v Ptolemy ' Eueigetes . 72 X39 1-&5-. -1- 515 1084. 509 85- 8 rs Z58 - - -i J16 1035 510 86 9 7^ - - -3- + 518 51C) 1086 511 97 10 7^ - -4 256 108^ SIX 88 4 ......••.• 11 76 136.-1- 1088 1% 255 S13 89 77 - - -A ;234 J'iiO 1089 Sl4> 90 13 78 3- 5ai 521 1090 SI 5 91 14 79 - -4^ 1091 S16 ^% 15 80 XS,7. lb\ IStJ; -1- 5i3 * • « SZ5 1092 3ir 93 16 81 ■ ■Z■ 1093 518 94 '7 82 <230 - ^ - -5- + ■1094 519 95 18 83 2S.% - ■ -4, 5Z6 1095 520 ' 96" 19 /9 84 1%*/ ■138-.-1- szy 1096 521 97 20 85- ZZd X- 528 5-29 io9r S2Z 98 21 36 - -3 1098 SZ^ 99 22 'sr + 2XS ZZ4- - - -4 5-50 1099 524. ic^o 25 . 8S zza 139 .i- >^31 1100 5ZS 101 24 89 zzz - - - -2 S3Z 333 1101 SZ6 102 25 90 ■3 + 2Z1 1102 szy 103 %-6- — iiPhilo^^t^r. 91 - - 4. 1 1 " ■ " >•• «• •••. - --. Embassy from Rome ThePhenix returned m tke reign of P Eueigetes, at tne end of me third quarter of tke Solnic Period [jkcUuui Jhx.,]V.] in the year 1095, or 3 x 56S, Ptolemy Euergetes leigned 15 years. [Jorjaivur-v'^ / v> OJ fli S r-Q V. 2-, o It, ^ o C o c 2 O O of tk e reign. wxf -*i*n CO *. o c •^s 1 — 1 o V O CO 220 - -^ T - * * ^ .M4. 535 » » » •■ 1103 »■ 528 104 2 Ptolemy Philopator. " " • 92 UO.-l 219 1104 520 105 3 93 ■ - -2 S18 536 1105 ' 1 530 106 4 94 3 X 217 537 1106 '—-—J 531 107 5 <)S - - -4 516 J3fi 1107 ' 532 108 6 96 1 J * r 215 Hi •. - 1 J39 1108 533 109 7 ' ■ ■ • • 97 SI* ■ • -2 540 im 534 ilO 8 98 ....«? 218 541 1110 .T35 111 9 99 • - -4 212 542 • - . - lUl 5%e m 10 ■ • • 100 ( J,9. . 1 311 543 544 11X2 33J 113 11 101 2 210 U13 538 114^ 13 102 - - - S 209 545 1114 ^39 115 13 103 ... 4, /f 208 te 5J^^ 111.5 540 116 14 104 14'i. -1 lO') 548 • - X 54g 1116 541 117 15 105 • ■ -2 1117 54.2 _ U8 16 - • • J06 206 • - -3 1118 543 119 17 107 S05 A 204 550 SSI 551 553 1119 544- 120 l&p • • • r^toiemy 1 Epiphanes. 108 ]44.-i 1120 545 121 2 lop 203 - - -2 1121 546 122 3 no 20^ Z 1122 547 13 S 4 m X 201 -■ -4 ^M./ . - 1 Tile Ecyplri*!! yeai* bep-ins ^"^^17 Oct ^ the on tne An embassy fronrk Rome. Ptolemy CpipKftTies i« born. Phjiopator reigned I7 years. Judaea taken by A.ntioebiis. E-o^ypt protected ty Rome. End or oecond r unjc war. <1> • «< rCO d 09 J- i. 'J3 o; u , r «a '-e . a. o 0' 2 ^ c O •^ O i 8 of frk•- u; 4- o C Mh - O Oj uJ o 6^ re I: g^n. ?00 .... ,');i-4 1J23 548 124 J Ptolemy lUpiphaneg. " 115L 199 J4J. I- ;JJ5 531 558 560 56\ 561 563 564 S65 566 561 568 56g dyo JJ24 549 ms 6 113 - --2 198 1125 550 ne 7 • 114 ---3 1J26 551 ni 8 - - * 115 ^97 • -4 1127 55U 128 9 116 . 196 146r 1 195 JI28 553 129 10 " 117 -2 1129 554, 130 11 118 194 - 3 J 130 55S 131 11 " 119 X - --4 1131 556 132 13 192 no 14.7.- 1 1132 55J 133 14 ' 121 191 - 2 11 0*3 5S8 134 15 ■ mi igo - - -3 1J34 55g 135 16 123 J 89 -.4 J 135 560 li>>6 J88 1? 124 148 : I 1136 561. 13J 1« 115 187 • - -2 m] 562 138 19 ■ 126 Jfi5 - - 3 1138 563 I89 20 127 X 185 . - 4 mg 564 140 2i " 128 J84 149 .- i 183 SJl 1140 565 141 22 120 9 130 182 512 1141 566 14% as - 3 U^l 567 143 24 ■ 131 1S\ - -4 ' The Decree oi tne rtosetta otone. ihe King of ag"e, The Jiing-'s marriag*e. Epiphanes reigned 24 years. g Vi So >^ o s o o % o 2 < -3 3 oi the reign. 1/5 o 180 574 1143 ,568 144 25 J Ptole/iny 13^ 150.-1 133 i?9 1144 ^69 145 2 . .9 ■ 134 lys SJ6 5JJ 1145 570 146 3 - - -z 1146 SJl 147 ' 4 ... 135 77* .. .4 1/6 5J8 580 1147 572 148 5" 1,3 (? ]J]-.-i J148 573 149 7^ 6 137 -- -2 1140 _ 138 174 ^7+ ISO 7 ... 9 173 3 58! 582 1150 sj.r 151 8 139 ■ - -4 1I5I 5J€ 1.52 9 ... 140 17^ 1 -Tq. . 1 r/i It) z . i b'8S 1152 571 15S 10 141 . . -2 170 588 ILIS .78 154 ii 14 a -- -3 1154 579 155 ■ \'X± ]ri]6rn ttior' 1 EucrgfPtcsIl. -6- 143 i6g - - .4 nss 580 156 •15 % 144 168 1.Y3- 1 1156 581 157 14 3 ■i^- 145 16/ - - -2 1157 582 158 -15- •• 4 146 166 X 165 • • '3 589 590 591' 592 1158 583 159 '1 6* ■ " ■ 147 -- -4 1159 584 160 6 " * 148 164 154.-. -1 1160 585 161 'IS'FFwromVtor. (7) " 149 165 - - -2 1161 ,5-86 - . - - 162 rp (8) 150 162 q . 0/1 . - . - - 151 X I6i • • -3 59s 1162 '58y 163 (9) - - -4 Tke Ep-yptian year begins on ^^■^tke/" Oct. ^ The 27'May of tke 7^ month of the 7"'-of PhJlometori: the .5-74 oi N aho n a s s ar wa-s the 30"'bf April, l^^ B.C. By an ecJrpse of tfiejTioon.(/'fo/ew "The kincr declared or ag"e. The eclipse o± the moon on \}\e 22,'"^o/Jiine J68.B.C. seems to fix. the embassy «f Euergetes II. to Rome, when he "was hesiegfed in Alexan dria (Xtrvj li.li.4f4^ Judaea independent under Judas ISIaccahaeus. Euer^etes made Jting- ox Lyrene. . *- s * 0) cS s; <« u '■n ■ < Si of the reign 55 - r** ■ HI 0) 160 594 1163 58» 164 It A/AFliilometor 152 ISS.l i.'yg 5(jS 1164 589 165 ■ 22- 00 153 • • -I A J 58 J96 ms 590 166 -23 (12) 154 • ' -^ X 1^ 597 U66 591 I67 ■ 24 (13) 155 1,^6 " " '4 598 1167 m J68 ■ 25- (14) 156 15&.- 1 151 155 600 601 602 1168 593 169 " 26 (15) - - -2 1169 594 170 -27- (16) - i58 1^4 3 llp'O 595- 17^ X 1,« 28 (17) 159 - - -4 1171 596 172 29 (18) - - - 160 J 52 1^7.- 1 30 - - (10) " " * " 161 J.I'J 603 117 a m 173 • - . 9 15-0 z <504 605 606 60/ 1173 598 17'4 ■ 31 (ao) 162 - -5 1174 S99 175 32 (21) •■ 163 149 - - -4 1175 600 176 S3 in) ... 164 J48 158 .-I nje 601 77 - 34 (23) •>,s- 165 147 • - -J2 njj 6fl2 178 -35^ • - - (2 4) " 166 146 - . • - » . 9 /t • • - - 145^*. 609 11/8 603 m 25EuergetesII 16J yl J44 4 6J0 1179 604 180 26 168 15^. 1 143 611 1180 603 181 V xt, I69 J42 • - -5 6i% 1181 6a6 182 28 170 ... X 141 • • • 3 613 ll8i 607 183 29 171 . . . . 4 » 1 ■ ■ - . 4 10 The .'?6*year of Phi Jo me tor was the X5*df Euerg^?tesII.(/J>rrAy?y.) JLiUergetes crowjieJ at Memphf*. 11 01 VI 'C '-a e^ 5- E O _, 03 >-< OS WD _ff oa -a o C CO ' >> cS 2 ^ ^^ O O Dftk S tJ -p^ u p* 0) « «> m. C/2 S a> 01 me reign > 14?0 614. 61s 1183 60a 184 ioPtbleihy" Euergete3ll, 1/3. i6o.- 1- 139 1184. 609 185 31 173 138 •*- If 616 6i|r 61 8 1185 610 186 3Z 1?'4 - -s- 1186 '6ir IBJ "35 - 'lyy + - - - 4- U&^ 611 188 34. 136 ire 161-.-1 1*5 619 620 $Zl 62Z 1188 6l3 189 AS m -- -z- IS-^. 1189 614. 190 36 i^s 19 1190 615 191 's7 - - - - '179 + 133 - -4. 1191 '616 19a 'as - 180 iAZ -i6i-.-i- - 131 623 6Z3 6z6 (tZY 628 119^ 617 19a 39 181 •2- 1194 618 194< 40 • 182 130 -3- "1194 619 '195 "41 - 183' + - -4. 119^ 620 196 'ii ns 184 l€3-.-l- 1196 6zi 19^" "43 - - - - 'i's's' Lzy - - -1- iiyy 6zz i98 44 iZ6 186 -- -0- iZS 62^ 630 1198 6z3 199 45 isy - -4>- 1199 '6zi zoo 46 - ' 188 124. -164.;!- ii& Oil UOO 6ts zox 47 1.89 IZZ a 631 6ss UOl 6z6 zo% 48 190 ■ 3 laoa Si^ Z03 49 * "191 + LZl - 4. TJic Egyptian year tegins ZJ Sep. Ptolemy Euergetes driven out of his kingdom . t% t i >^ o '^ ft c of Alexanders death. of tlie reign a; {D &9 1^0 634 1203 618 f4 193 -Ifi'f- -J- ''■! ' U9 635 1204 629 m 51 193 - . 2 118 636 1205 630 50d 52 194 ... .9 117 O 637 1206 631 207 53 •< 195 .. .4 116 638 1207 632 208 , PtoIernySofer 1 IS CI«-op»ti'» . 196 166. 1. *2 m .U5 6^g 640 1208 6S3 log - . . 2 114 1209 634 210 s 198 . . . s IJ3 641 1210 635 211 4. 0) 199 - . - 4 lU T 642 643 1211 636 m% (1) w 167: -1 in 1212 6S7 213 ■ 6 (.3) m - - -2 no 644 1113 638 214 (4) 202 - - -3 - " •203 109 645 646 1214 639 215 & - --4 1215 640 216 (?") " - • 204 108 7^fi--T 1^7 647 648 1^16 641 10 (7) 205 - - -2 1217 642 218 11 Cleorpafraif 8 -Alexander • • '206 106 ■--•3 . 105 649 1218 643 219 12 9 207 ---4 104: 650 1219 644 220 13 10 208 I f\f\ t ms 651 1220 645 221 14 n 209 i* -a ^ a 1 O o o ■s « CO 'S 9 e reigtt. w ^5 "liw" "648 ZZi ■17-GleoJoafra 14 Alexander iu 100 654 jtYli . .< . Z^S 18 \3 Zi3 99 ■iyw,--i- (555 656 (5"59 - "-- --f ^61 wu 649 JZ 12 a^ 650 i^6 -19- 16 • 214! 39 3 1226 651 ny -3,0- ' • 17 « ZiS + 4.' iiii 6sz iZ8 ■zf ■ ■ ■ 18 - * - zl6 95 171.-1- i%Vd 6d3 zz^ zz- 19 - ziy 95 ----«,- nz9 "su Z30 ■^3 ■■ ZO " " " " Z18 54. 3- 1Z50 655 Z31 Zi Zi . _ iip 93 -- -4>- 1231 e'ss Z5Z xz - 2Z0 9X 1 ly? - 1 . ft z • zzi 5i i6"3 6"55 1Z3Z 657 Z33 Zo Z3 - -2- iZ33 '6ss Z54, ■27- - i.4 . - iXZ 90 3 ■ 1224 '3-.-i- i2S6 '661 Z3Y Z7 • ■ aoPSoterlT. * * " " zzs 97 2Z6 s6 - ■ ■ 'A' 668 669 670 6n U37 66z Z3S 31 - -s- 1238 '663 i3S 3Z - - _ _ zzY + 85 - -4.- lh39 '66^: * . J A Z-iO 3d " - m 8-4 -If4--1- IZ40 ' ■ 83 663 J241 34 Z2$ 2- lZ4i. * -^ 3Z 666 242 53 iSQ 3 J242, 66y £43 -36— - 1 Berenice. Z31 9 1 •4- The Egyptian year begins 1^ Sep. Cyrene Islcen hy Rome Cleojoatra murdered Ptolemy Soter II. coants his years from the Joeginnine of hi^ foTmer reigi reign , Tkel es overtnrov/n tki Piohmy Soter II. reigned 36 years anol 6 months . (J^S 1 s o ID u 91 J 1 • y> -t-i ^ Ctf ^^ Of ik. .e reign . ^ 8^ 14 ' t-Beremce - iP-Alexaader. iPJIens Dionysus 80 674 6ys 677 1^43 668 244 23Z ^75: -1- 1;«4.4. 669" iA5 Zfieus Dionysus - - - . Ji33 79 ----%- iXMS 670 %J^^ 3 - - - Z34> 78 - - - -3- + U46 671 U7 4 ns .4- 76 -•*- 6;^8 680 681 68% 124y 67JJ 24f« 5 ^36 iy6-A,- 134? 673' "x*49 6' ... 'isf 7^- — ^. 1249 674 ^^0' "7 .... ^38 7A> 3 U^O 675 2SL 8 " - ZS^ + 73 ... .4. uii '6V6 "sihi 9 • - - • UO /•* -■tyj". -1. 71 ■'■rr- ^ ^83 w« 677 iS6 10 «41 % 70 684< liJ53 678 ^54 11 J14Z . «. + 69 685 Ji454 679 zss u US A (J8 - - - - 4- 686 68'/ 1255 6so Z56 13 ;244 176-. -1- u^y^" 681 yd'7 V4 ' ^/ Z4>5 . ^ 66 -•"■*• 68 a 1^57 68X H33 15 U6 64 -4.- 690 i«59 6"84' 460 ly 246 jyo- .1 • • • * 53 1/*/-. -1 691 1*60 685 i6i 18 ^4^ - - . - .... 6a - - - •y.' 69;! 1261 686 i6z 19 zso . oe fc . m . 4j et -H M .1- 5> .M a, a -^^ >^ o Hi g o a: «-M o a, c Ml 3; «« S! C r-Q . ID oftlj e reig'iv K o 1 60 694 126S 688 264 , Roleray -'^NeusDionvsus 252 180. 1 sg 69^ 1164 (589 265 22 253 ....?. 58 696 1265 690 266 28 2 54 . . . ..^ .2^ K 7 69/ 1266 691 uy 1 Cleopatra ^ % Beremce. flSS --..4 56 698 1267 692 268 25 2 Kereniee. 25-6 181. I SS 699 1268 en 269 "26" B Bei-«iTce. 2S/ .-..? •54 700 1209 (594 270 27 ^S8 ...-^ 53 701 1270 695 271 28 259 ^ ....4 r " J. St 702 I27J 696 272 29 260 1> 182. 1 30 m 703 1272 «97 273 I Cleopatra sj- Ptolemy. 261 2 50 704 np 698 274 2 262 S 49 ps nj4< m 275 3 263 ....i. 48 J06 n-js 700 276 4 264 I I18A-.J. 47 707 1276 JOl 277 SCleoputi'd. 1 Ptolemy. 265 2 9 S •a 66 3 46 JOB 1277 702 278 -6 ": X 45 jog 1278 703 279 7 3 ^6J 4 5 ...J. 44 710 J 279 704 WO '8 4 268 184. 1 4? V 1280 JOS 281 9 Cleopatra 269 6 . A 4? J a 1281 706 282 10 270 7 .. .3 41 X 7J3 1282 707 283 11 « • • 271 8 ..J Tlie E gyjotiAn year iegins on tlie7 Sep.OS Neus Dionysus thriven from E^ypt. '*J INJe us Dionysus replaced, on the throrve. ^ Neus Dionysus reig^ned 29 Caesar corva\x.Qre^ Pompey at Pharsalia in B.C. 48. The year 1 of Antiock, The year 709 of Rome is tKe f 1 r s t Ju ] I an ye ar. {Ce?idorvnu6j Henceforth, the leap year* are marked: with a star, x The II "of Cleopatra and Jier (U 2 J CO S Of ihe leign . 1 w -.-4 < 40 714. 1JZ83 7O8 ^84. i% Cleopatra . ii7;j p 39 ■18*: 4 ^15- U84.' >qj^' ;Z85' 13 'i7'3' 10 ■%■ 38 716 iX85 l^'io :286 14 zyAf 11 « iil86 ViT asT' 1^ %y5 u 3;r X 717 4 s6 718 iil87 T'l^ X88 '16' 1 ■ji^e 13 i«^.-d- 3S 7i9 U88 71s ^85) \7 •'" m 14 i- 34* yzo IS.B9 714 ;2^o 18 3 -878 15 & X 33 1XJ>0 715 ijpi 19 4 «r9 16 .--4 3Z 7jei lApl 'yi^ JZpA 50 r-rro! y ;d8o 17 ■18^.-1- • ■ '31 7:13 upa 7^7 -2^3 "5i '"• 6 - - •. J281 18 -Z- 30 ;rj84. i;zp3 718 ^94 7 J?82 ip 3 X S9 5C 1^94- 71P Z93 (lAugusHifl) X83 ^0 .. ..: .A, ' J^l 2B 7^^ 1x9s 7J80 H96 (^) JJ84 ■lee-.-i- zy r^?' iZ96 721 m (5) i85 J?2 je- 26 7^28 i%9f ^n %9% w a86 23 ^- !L6 1*98 723 %9^ 1 f^) X87 X4 4- £4> 730 m^ 7JZ4. 300 (6) %%^ 2^ 189;'-!- \30Q 7«-y 301 ■{fj~ X8C) 'vr Z3 731 -----4 ZX ^3Z 1301 72 (J 30ii (9) ;2po %y 3 733 i 33 OX 7^7 303 "^,^' e s^l X8 A - •*■ 16 Cleopaira counts lier years anew {yor^kyryj; Hence some cfh'es dale Aeir coins. See Macrinus 2*.'* year. Anlony made confixil elect iked.iime. A coin of Cleoyatri. daied Damascus T'he fcattle of A.cii\xm,£rom ^Kiiich. Era many Greek cities dated tlieir cans. Cleopatra reigned 2X ;years . A coin of Augustus is daleci DaniascHiS-283. [yKio7t?ie/-\ . On ike vJ" Augustus ike Julian year ■was inlrodaced in Alexandria . Irom a remarlc of lieon^aj-Cor/} if is clear lli«t ikt, first lew year in Alex- anaria was after the y* of Aug-usius , •17 U9 s P5- O o ad M 1) »4 CI <« to c oftkereitfn 'S a^t Alexanaria. '-^ ^ 'J c <: ^ pO 20 734 1305 728 304 10 Augustus., t 292 29 190 . 1 10 ■j^s 1804 729 305 11 293 50 2 ■ f - 18 JS6 130,5 730 306 12 294 31 3 ' X 17 1306 781 307 13'^ Z95 32 4 16 738 IS07 732 ^8 14 i5 296 S3 191. 1 15 7^9 1308 733 300 15 m 34 2 14 740 18O0 734 310 16 298 3S 3 X 15 X 741 1310 7^ 311 17" 299 56 4 12. 742 1811 736 312 18 500 V .I9r/.l is' ]l 743 1312 737 813 19 391 2 _ 10 744- 13J3 738 314 20 302 39 3 X . 9 745 1S14 739 SIS " 'k 21 303 40 4 8 746 1315- 740 316 22 304 41 IP:.X r 7*7 1316 741 317 23 303" 42 1 6 748 J3I7 742 318 24 306 43 5 X 4- X 749 1318 74s 319 ■ ■ ")i 25- 307 44 ., ...4 ' 4< Y^o isjg 744 320 26 308 45 /p4. I 3 7S1 1320 745- 321 27 309 46 2 Z 75% . 1321 746 S22 ^ 28 310 47 ... J. * I X 753 1322 rn au i9^ 311 4f? 4 • 1 • • • • > TTIe Egyptian year beolm on SSAug-iTTieAlexanJrbn year for the future begins tfwSP'Au^st. on Herod Leg'an to rebufia the XempIe.(/cWi^M«^i4ntXV ;y,/) More tlian46year« before the Crucifixion. • BO.? o Olympiads . « 1 o «*• o U 72 « of Alexanders deatk . of the xeisn at Alexandria. • »-♦ V 1 PA> VSXi y^'y ' 3U 30 Augustas. ..„, 3U 49 •1^5:-' 1' Z yss 133* 745" sk's 31 313 7o -.2' 3 ysG j^ili '^io" '326 3^ iu '15-1' .3' X 4. W 'm6 ysi sky "33'' ~ .Sl,^ "si' 4- ^ 6 7^8 w;?^ 'yJtk^ 3Z8 34 3l6 "Js" '1^.-1- ^ 7^9 1328 yss 3J2^ ^^ Xk" sij;' S4> ;2- 7 ;?'iJo J525 p4 3S0 "36 318 3-^ 3- 8 ^(Si 1530 yss 331 sy* 3iS j6 4- 5* /5ii 1331 ysS 332 38 X-7 320 ^7 1:9^-1- 10 753 133;? 7^7 333 35 V0"' 321 S8 -%- 11 Y64i 1333 ys^ 334 40 /<^ 322 Sg ^- 1>3 ^6s 1334. 7^9 33^ 41'^' J"^ 32S 60 4i- y6e 1^7 \bZ$ f6o 336 4fZ f^^ 32/? 61 -l-<^vi- 14- 133 4^^ 3 y 32Y 6^ 4- ^?: 1335) 7^4. 340 45 4 'I 32 S 65 -i5^;-l-- 18 15-4«0 765 341 ^r vT e 32^ 66 -X- 7^3 1341 >56' 34Z 48 6 330 6y ■&■ 1342 7^7 343 ^^'^ 7 331 68 -4- 18 The Alexandrian year begins Jl^Axig, A coin of Augaskis is dated 3HS a* Dama-scaa, Oflconaet') Germanicus visiis Egypt. 19 us a, c _^ c 01 c 3 to 3 o a; 4. 11 ;ct 3;^^ 113 -J2Hv-l- 1 66 8I5 1388 8ia 3»^ 1 <^^ IZ i^ m 114 ■ X- ^r 830 1385> 814. 3^0 ^^ IS /y 3^8 115 -—3- . ; < 69 8j81 13^0 81.5' 3pl 9f 'x4r- -- 1 Gal bo . 379 116 Ar li^l i\.€ i^'l 'W 1 ^/jtciimsf. 1 vesuasian Ot (X '38O ny ^W-.-l- ^ ;o 13C)2 81^ 353 9S ^ /^ 381 118 -^- 1393 819^ 35)i 100 3 ■7 'sh'z 119 5^1 8J24 -3- ys 8;i,5- 13^4. 8I9 v395' 101- 4 5 383 uo 4- 8;i5 I39J 8A0 3^6 lOA ^ £ as-i* Ul -a;W;-l- 7^ ^%y 13^6 SJil ^97 103 6 c 38^ lAX <«,- 8jli8 135;^ 9;ja *3p8 104. 7 K 386 15.3 3- rf re a;25> 13^8 8il3 3^9 loV* 8 V 39^ U4 77 S30 831 13j|^ 8;24 400 106 9 6 388 t25 -A-14 .--!-- 1400 8J23- 401 10^ 10 / 389 U6 -A- 7d %3% uoi 8^6' 402 108 1 Titus . . itie Al exandrianyear beg-fns ^pAug'. XlieEp'yptran coi markablv numer 'y leroiis. The 2" clay of rFyLi r*if)» tne 12. ofJDomi tian or tlie 840"'ofNaUnassar is the 2"'Dec.O.S.of theyear 92, by an occultation of the PJefades.^/5r»/— 1 w^ O o SB ctf S o a • HI £5 20 3 ™ « 5 Reign at 12; ^"^ < Alexandria o o u is o • 4; -+1 s • ft W2 <^ ^ o ^ 101 »M 1423 848 424 130 4 Trajan . S 412 145 5;XO. t 150 102 855 1424 849 4;i5 131 5 E 413 % 103 85-6 14AJ 850 4J26 132 6 <: 414 151 6 104- 14^6 %M 4a;?' 133^^ 7 X 415 152 A. 105 858 14.2/ %S% 42^8 134 6 n 416 153 %%\,A 10^ lo;^ 85^9 14;28 853 4:15 135 9 e 41J?' 154 * 85o m^ 8i^ 430 136 10 / 418 155 ^ 108 861 1430 85^ 431 iif 11 /ot 419 156 A. 109 •4> 85;? 1431 855 432 138 u Ifi 4:20 15; v*J?r!l-.-l- 110 s6d 1452 85;^ 433 139 13 r 421 1.58 %■ 111 S(J4 1433 858 434 140 14 /« 4;?2 159 ^ iia 1434 859 4^ -A 141 15 /£ 4»3 160 -A 113 4«- 86^ 1433- 85o 436 142 16 /6 442 148 3 K 430 16'}^ 3 8^3 144X 8^ CO • >« A. s O ^ DC o c a> o Li a w a C o .>'■«' ^ a> (U 3 -^ • ■*» c^ W 54 -^^ ts ^ t bi Ji-^. » < < M-, ^ 24 oiftlie reign at ^/^ Alexandria. i> .X «3 « 4 0) •^ ■ 121 874 144-3 868 444 150 5 Hadrian. e 432 169 ■2S$-.i rzi s/j- 1444 869 445 15J 6 r 433 170 .- ..2 123 876 1445 870 446 152 7 ^ 434 171 - • • - i7 124- X 1446 871 447 X 153 8 1 455 172 4 12, -r 8'/8 1447 872 448 154 9 e U6 I7.S -2 2 6.--1 J2G m 144!8 S75 449 155 10 I 437 174 - ---2 12/ 880 1449 874 4.50 156 11 la 43S ns 3 X n8 ssf 1450 8^S 45-1 157^* 12 t(3 439 17^ 4 ng 882 1451 876 452 158 13 '/ 4^ m -227: -1 ISO 883 1452 m 453 159 14 Id 44] 1J8 2 .... 131 884 1453 878 454 160 15 If 442 179 3 X 132 X 1454 879 455 161' 16 '? 443 180, 4 133 886 1455" 880 4.J"6 162 17 It, 444 181 -nsr 1. 134 f^SJ 1456 881 457 16S 18 n 445 182 - - --2 ISS 888 1457 882 458 164 19 id 446 188 — s X J 36 X 889 1458 883 459 " ■ "x 20 K 447 184 - - - 4 I.V sgo 1459 884 460 166 21 Xa 448 185 -229^-1 .99 a. I3S 8QI 1460 885 461 167 1 Antonrnrts. 449 186 - . , 2 ail-' V 139 89 i 1461 886 462 168 2 ^ 4,50 187. 9 ... .1/ . . . . . . . . X 14:0 893 1 887 463 I69" 3 7 45i 188 4 • line JvlnxAndrisin year begins ^QAug: Hadrian visits Egypt. T'he t-iSryptian coins re- .Orypti bly n- mark a my numerous. Hadrian visits Egypt. The .ly^f Hadrian Is the 1 62 "'^of Augu.stus.(noki?^y) TKelij'''day of AtKyrin the 20^yiO» • -2- -16- -90a- -47» 184 19 LTJ 46"6' £03 155 is6 908 -3- -1/- •903- -479 'is^"^ 909 19 ^0 457 &dj^ 4r 18- -904- ■480- isy 910 186 20 JC 468 aos -534.- 1- ■19- -905- -481- 18 7 21 K« a6^ io6 158 911 . .,;2- -2T0" 9io6- ■482' 188 S.% IC^ Af}ro 207 155) 9U -3- -iJ-l-- i6o -t- 913 907 ■4'93 189"^ Z$ K^ i>7i ios 4f • Egyptian year loegins I9 July . During liis first eiglit years tlie coins he&r Astronomical ena}>leni3 . 26 CO w .j« )a_, O OB V » ^, ^ u W -^^g ^ ^'^ < of Ihe reignat ;g ^ Y3 210 -J2-4.- 9^10 486- 19a Z ' fi 474 211 -^5- -9H- -4>%'J- 193^ 3 Y 47^ 212 -26- -91:2- -488- 4 "% -^76 213 194 '-2-y- -9t3 469- 193" 3- e m 214 -Z-B- -91:4. 490 196 6 C 4/8 2i3 x^- -9t5- -491- "isr 7 't" 4.79 216 -30- -9i6- 49^- 199 8 '^ 480 217 -31-- ■9-17- 493- ^ 499 ' 9 ■ 0" 481 218' ^sa^ ■918- -494 '200 10 / 482 219 -33- -919 -493- 201^ 11 - 483 220 -34- -920 49^ iQ% 12, 'ip 484 22.1 -3-5- -9-!?l- -49?^ 203 13 ''/ 483 222 -$€- -922,- 498- 204 14 - — - 486 223 -Sf- -9;w- -499- - - --f 205 iff ;£ 48/ 224' -38- -9J^4- ^00- «o6^ 'i6 ^C -i88 225 -3^- -9;t3-- ■3i>i- AO^ ■ 1>" ■ "^"r 489 '226' - 4.0- -9-?^ -50a- 208 " 18 450 2>?7 -41- -5^r ^03- 209 19 /0 4,91 2JZ8 The Alexandrian year tegina 29 Aiig. Prolaalaly liie year of the re- laelh'on of tJie pative soldiers. Avicliiisf Cassius retells n as S !>^ I— -I o '■n 5. 2 r-a £ o e« oco o ^ = Alexandria. O cz? "^ F 1 181 934 44 928 ^04 210 20Aureliug. 1 ConiinorJvis. a 492 229 -240.-1 182 93^ 43 929 505 211 21 2 . » • - • 493 280 • --2 183 950 44 930 506 2J2 22 3 X0 494 231 • - -s X 184 937 4J 03f 507 213 23 4 495 232 - - -4 233 \%S gs8 46 .9^2 508 214 24 5 xj3 504 241 243.-1 33-- - - 14 1 Pertinax. -V- (X 505 242 194 947 55 941 517 223 ■ - ? 19^ 948 56 942 518 224 Pescennfus. JVitrer. 506 14S ----5 Sj' ■ • b • 94J 519 X 225 2 Severus. |3 196^' 949* 507 544 . • * zl^ 197 950 J8 944 520 226 3 / 508 245 244.1- S 509 ' - - - - 245 198 9J1 39 945 52J 22/ 4 ■ - -J m 952 X 953 60 946 521 228 e 510 247 - > -3 61 ■947" 523 X 529 6 - - - - 511 248 X 2(^ ... 4 Tlie Egyptian year he^ins Oh the Qo{ July. A coin 0/ Aurelfus is dat- ed Antioch ng.{Jlumna) The years of Severus are counted from tKe deatJi of Rrfina^t. A6 ■•-1 f 43 i (as o 4> Is !0 09 of t)ie Reign at Alexandria, R IS rJ3 201 9^4- •(52" "9'4¥ '.5^/ ' %zo •7 Severua 'iiF i49" -245: -1 502 9^^ •■'63- ■04"$ jr^'i-' 331 8 ^7 ^13 5,^0 .X -6A-- ■■p;iO' 'J^6' «03 9S6 i^a "9 m 551" .3 '■6S'' ..p^.. •:s%7' 504- &3Z^ 10 6\5 252 ■- 4 -'66'" •'93%- '6%%- ^OS 958 %M 11 ^"16 %SZ -Mfr-l -er ^•9S^' ■■6^7 ^06 9^5 S.3S \% t^ iI7 IS^ ^ "68- "954" *i^A30- %or 950 ^36 13 ly v518 %SB -3 '"60" '9;5^5- yar J109 X QUI %3>f 14, 1 5 .519 M5 4 '70" "p-vS-^- dsa- 209 Qffa 238 \% ,$10 %d7 -5,4?'.--l -71- •'9v57' 'J33' %m Tc '"" Jll iJS 210 963 • a -75" -9S^- \y34.- ' i4o" -17 — 1 Caracalla « ^2£ ^9 an 954 J -n- -939- ^5'■35• "iii* .18 a. "(3" «3 'x50 X 9^3 4 -74-' '960- •536' "%^% -ig- 3 y ^^ '^51 nc> 966 '-^48.-1 -75" '961- '£^7- "£ii -ao 4 s ' Jfl-i %6% ZH 96/ ?- M* *y 9 .«7 564 X n6 969 4 "78" ••964.- -^4Xr f4^' -r ■■'- 1 Macnnus las' ^55 2i; 970 'i49r'--l ...79.. •955" •J41- 'vrr -2. 1 Elafratalus "T' 04 'is'9 7(56 ^18 m % ..go-- ••955- "54^' 'm'"' ""a' ^^ '7" ""i^o' "mi j?,ip 97X - • • - ^^ ■-«1"- "957" ;^43' X no X 97S MQ** ■ 5 y .5^1 5'.58 4 Tlie Alexandrian, year begins "X^ Aug. Persecutiow of tke CJiristians . A coin of Caritcalla is dated Einisus >5'a9 (Miomiet) A coin of Maciinus is dated Le ucas «o4^ on e 6 or-:: ^•£ >7 <*'^ 263 4Elagab*Ius. lAl exander. 8 10 II 12 15 264 561 562 563 265 266 267 268 :?^9' 14 1 Maxirainus . ^ 5ga 553 554 535 536 537 5S8 559 "'; d ia '/S 'r ^ 1 J Gor-dian S15J. L?M«cinimus. 1 IBaibinusfcl: IGordianusno 3 OC 9C y 540 541 542 543 544 269 £70 271 272 273 274 T/5 276 277 278 279 ISO 545. 546 547 a. a OC 1. 7' 548 549 550 551 281 2S2 S8S 284 195 i>86 Hie E gyptian ye ar begins 2 P June. Coias of Elagabalus are dated TrtpoUs 531,532,553. KMum/rvet) Balbrnus ^ Fiipienus ap- point Gkjrdianus pTUs to Be Caesar at Rome about the time oi a total eclipse of the sun . ( Caplh-lmtul) i.e.. 12 April 257. 287 288 Balbinus 1^ mptenus slain at the CaJ)itoline Games (^{mwjU(Mt) i.e. *i^\ of Y\.ome .\(^»n. • • V r V> ^99 113 28l'' I /3 300 114 282 I Vkp»ll!enu!> 301 115 ^83 2 Valerian ^ Galfenus (5 13 303, 116 284 3 7 ^03 "7 2S# 4 S 304 118 'im ^^ € 505 119 28/ 6 r 30ff 'iw 288 7 ■ "i" 30/ in *i89'' 8 1 308 30 Tile Alexandrian year begins ^9 Aug rersecution of tlie CKrfstfans. Mftcrisams an5'AureIian . £ az% -13(J- 504 -6- egiris 29 Aug'. ^ ^^ _2.S The lastyeHr of Augustus *'1* "' year before tn« first of «-— ; Dfooieti'an is 1605 (Julrau)jears Z^ from file beg-rnning o£ the Era «s to of IVfenopKra . {^h^n a/iud Cmy) <^S Thus 14W+145= 1605,orone Jj -p whole Sothic Jierioci actdeci to ^u tS part of the N^ew S. period. 8 la 10 11 M n I4r \S UfocJetians Imperial consnl- sKip hegan in Jan. in the 4* year of Inf?ictroji,. Egypt rei>e;ls. loe rehellion but down. Alerandrra rebt-Is and is taken hy the L^txiperor. 33 >5 o v o C ot tKe reign m Alexa-ndria o 301 10 vj* «349 4 ip' Diocletian 16 30% 1053- 3tf0 ^ 18 ^7 Vi" "6" 19 303 10^^ 18 —— V vv — «»*- lOS/ AJ^£ 7 "^'0* 19 JOJ lojy 3^5 B U SLQ .3^4. 9 305 10J9 3>X Constanh'n* i 1 30"^ 10 $0 A^J- JO %3 Z n a io6i 3 x305 10^2 jj;?- u IS 4< 510 1063 .-iJd 1^ • ze .5' .311 ^o64■ A5-g M. %1 6 312 i(i6s 360 IS 2^ 7 6i:i to6S 361 1 Z9 8 314 \o6y 36'1 2 so 9 3U ioGb 363 ,3 31 10 3l6 to 59 364^ 4 i'i'' 11 «317 10^0 36s S 33 JX JJ8 io;>'i 366 6 3 if 15 035 10^^ J0> r 3S 14 320' 10^3 369 8 ^0^ IS 1 Persecution of me Cliriatians Galerius governs Egypt as Cassar. Maximin governs Egypt as Caesar. Licmius g^overns Egypt. The l>egiiining of tne (/onstantine Intiictioas . . C -C C8 ■•-» 0) o ^ s ^ afte r >-5 Vm Vh 's ^ '"W ^ © ■ S o Installatiuii 34 3Zl lQy4> 36^ ^ 37 Cons tan tine 16 3sa loys 3^0 10 . m Y ■ ,, ,1 323 m^ 371 11 39 18 "sp.' u "40'* 32 h 107;' 19 32S lO^B 3^ 13 41 AO 326 iors> &r^ l-i 42 J81 ji;*' 1080 S'/S 13- 43 2a X 3:i9 10 83 aye 1 ^4?^ 23 329 1082 ^77 a 4.-!f ;i'i« 330 10 8 J 3y^ 3 4vS ^^ 331 10 S4 ^79 4 ^;^ ;2^ S3S. 1Q%S 380 v5- is^ zy ,333 ioe^ i .s ' r- o -^ Q after lusta-Ilation. ^ ^. •^ 541 1094 589 14 57 Constant*! us 4 342 1095 390 15 .58 5 S43 1096 3gi 1 59 6 ,344 1097 392 S •60^ 7 345 1098 09s 3 61 8 ^46 1099 '^94 4 61 9 347 1100 BQo 5 6.S 10 X 348 110] »96 6 64* 11 349 ITOa 3P7 7 65 13 5.50 JIOS 398 8 66 13 351 1J04 .599 9 f'/ 14 S5i 1106 400 10 68" ( IS 3.53 1106 401 II 69 16 354 1107 40S It 70 ^? 35i? no8 403 IS 71 18 404 u X 7* X 356 nog 19 S57 mo 405 . 15 T-J 20 555 im 406 1 7* 21 407 3 7- S.'Jp 1112 22 408 5 X 76 X 311.^ 23 Telix tempormn reparatio, ancL tke return of tKe Phenix, on tine coins at tke tegiiming o{ the 12' century in Rome. Athanasrns banisKea . 3(5 ce-C 5 .5 ► «o <; >-■ p "^^ '^ '3 % , ^i^^. Installatidii ^6i 4iO£) >3« ^7 fjonarantius 24 3oi. 4.10 .T /B Julian . 1 J63 411 6 r9 %. 364. 4U 7 80^ Jovj'an . 1 s6j: 41.3 8 HI Aliens . 1 366 414 Q e;2 % 367 415 lO 83 3 368 416 11 8/ 4 56s Afiy 1 S 85 S 3/0 419 13 86 6 3Yi 419 14 87 7 3/X 4X0 IS 8 8^ 9 3p 4^21 1 89 9 ' 3/4. 3/fS 4S.% 2 PO 10 4>%3 3 91 11 3/6 4^4 4 9^^ 12 3// 45 .f 5 93 13 . 3/9 4;i0' 6 94 14 - 3P 4j8/ 1 ^^ Gratiaii % TlieodosiuH 380 4^t^ 8 ■ 9(5** 'IfieodosmsA Alexandrian year begins J^pAttg. ConRtantiujB AxeA ^Nov. J' Indiction, ^lO ofAntiocJi The 81 of Diocletian Jaegan in Aug. 304 Iry an eclipse of th«? niooi'i . {CT/teon. ) Valentinian e mperoi' of tKe wesft . Chnstianity established by lav/ . Tlie Eastei-i) i^ Western Empires uniied. -37 'T5 «-^ < ^ Q aft. ej- "o P Installation. 429 9 97 S81 iheoaosiusS 430 10 98 582 4 431 11 12 99 S83 ^ 432 100 " .584 6 433 IS ■ 101 S8j 586 7 434 H W% 8 as^ 435 I^ lOS 9 S88 436 1 104'' IP 589 43r t) 105 n 390 ms 3 106 12 4g9 4 107 .991 13 440 ^ los'' 14 441 ' e 109 '^i^l 15 442 443 ^94 7 110 16 8 111 595 Aveadius 1 ^ 444 9 ; 112 596 2 445 10 113 397 c^ 44(r 11 114 598 .399 4 447 12 11^ 434: 4 122 12 40/ 4J5 .7 12 s 13 408 456 6 124" 14 409 457 7 I'JJ Theod OS ius 1 Junior. 410 4J8 s 126' 2 459 12/ 411 3 412 460 10 128'' 4 '46]'" "n" "129 415 S 414 4<55 12 130 6 415 463 1.3 131 7 .464 14' }?>%" X m 8 417 465 15 153 9 418 466 I ""2" 134 10 "ie/ "i"35 419 11 420 468 3 136* 12 Tfie AlexraneJrian year teg/ns 29 A\iff . Oh tke 14"'Ca].Au^.aM}ie 8'*Aow,inthel0V«f''^"TheoJo«ius, tKe sun was ec-ltpse J . (Alex.Qiron.) i.e. AD.41S, I9 July OS. 39 J2 o p a •—1 "0 C 1 — 1 •S Q after Installation 421 469 4 137 Th*ocLositi«., Junior ^"^ 470 5 138 422 14 4S3 471 5 139 U X, 424. 47;2 7 140 16 425 473 8 141 17 474 5 142 41(5 18 475 10 143 427 19 428 42P 475 11 144 20 477 12 145 U 430 4/8 13 I4i6 it 147 451 47P 14 23 480 43^ 15 149 ^ 433 481 1 149 55 1>$0 434 48t % 26 435 4-83 3 WJ M/ X 435 484 4 15X 58 48^. ^ I53 45/ 59 438 486 5 IM 30 43P 487 7 iJ>5 31 - 4I'C 488 8 13^ 3X ^ . .,' . V O o • w u at •J o 40 Installation. 441 489 9 1^7 Theodosius Junior. ''" 442 490 10 J 56 54 491' u J 59 443 35 492' 'ii i6o> X 444 36 4.45 493 J3 16J 37 446 494< J4 Ififi S8 44;^ 49^ IS 1a/nJ. Chmn.) 41 o •■f-» 4>* O u _« -♦-J <— * o after -^ ^ «4-t O O Installation 4^1 j;o9 14 177 Leo 4 SIO "is "178" 4€x ^ 4,6& Sil 1 179 6 + 4^4 siz % 18^ 7 465 SIS 5 181 8 466 S14 4 i8;i 9 467 di5 s 183 10 468 SlC 6 184* 11 469 S17 r 185 n 470 518 8 186 IS 471 S19 ,9 187 14 + 47^ SZO 10 188^ 15 4/8 JIZl 11 189 16 474 si% u 190 Leo Jun. i 47-5- SZ3 13 191 Zeno i 4;'6 J24 14 19? X 477 SIS iS 193 S 478 SZ6 1 194 4 479 Sty £ 19$ 5 480 5-Z8 S 196* 6 1/1 So >^ u o < o i I— I O 481 4Bi 483 4S4 48,y 486 48/ 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 496 497 498 499 soo Q 42 .^29 4 197 530 $ 198 531 6 199 5351 7 200 533 8 201 534 9 ioi 535 JO 203 536 IL 204" 53/ 1% 205 558 13 206 539 14 20/ 540 15 208" 541 1 209 542 t 210 543 3 211 544 4 21a'' 545 5 213 546 6 214 54; 7 215 S4S S '^16 after Installation. 'Zeno 7 8 10 11 n IS 14 15 16 17 Anastasiusl 7 8 TTke Alexandrian year beg-ins on the ^Q^ I* '^- 43 o o BO ^ a o '-T3 C • 1-4 c Q after Installation.. ... J54. 14 2£2 S06 IS 50J 555 15 228 16 3S6 1 • - > £24 $08 Jr 551 2 2a5 m 18 510 558 3 Xfi6 19 559 4 22/ 511 20 560 5 228'' X 51% 2J 561 6 22g 51S 22 562 "r ' 230 514 23 563 8 231 515 24 564 9 232* X Sl6 25 SIJ 560^ 10 233 26 518 see n 2,34 V 519 56J 12 235 Justin 1 X S20 56^ 18 236'' 2 ■ \ -Anastasius clied ia tJie year 566 atA.ntiocK. 44 \ears of Christ . o o ►—1 tt> Q after Insiallation . SZl s6'9 i4> ASp' Justin 3 saz Sf'Q 13 238 4 SZ3 S'^1 1 239 5 syi' Z Z4>^ S24' 6 SZS 3^3 3 Ji4i 7 3^4- 4 542,' SZ6 s 3zy 3^3 5 JZ43 9 + S3.B S76 (5 -144?^ Justinian 1 S2^ 327 r H^S Z 330 3yB 8 i^6 3 379 9 X47 S31 4 ^580 10 'iia** + S3Z 5 ,5ei 11 ;i49 533 6 ' 534 3B% la S.30 7 3SS 383 13 Z3i 8 + 536 394- 14 S.3i 9 385 15 &33 day 10 j-ss 38 6 1 iL34. 1 1 339 38 7 i ZSS IZ + 540 ^S9 3 " ■ ' + XS6 13 Tte Alexandrian year begins on tlie Z^ Ai ug. Justinian wag associated fo the purple in the 5'!' Indictioii, the year S'^'S of Anlioch, Justin died in the same year. lt/4ie3 Id 262 9 S46 19 263 10 54>J 20 264" 11 J48 21 • • • 265 12 S4Q 22 266 13 SSO 23 267 14 551 54 - • V 268 IS X 55^ 25 - » • X69 1 55i 26 270 2 5S4i 27 271 5 sss 28 ^1% 4 X 5S6 29 273 5 SSJ 30 274 6 ' 558 31 ijd 7' S3g 32 ij6 8 S60 35 Years of Christ. 1 *-• Q s •*» -d d lears after m 9 561 Justinian 34 278 10 562 35 m 11 563 S6 280* • * « 12 564^ 'V 28i 13 563 38 282 14 S66 89 283 15 ssy Jnstin ^ S6S X 284 1 2 28^ 2 56g 3 286 3 SJO 4. 28;- 4 5J1 S 288'' • 5 X 6 sp 289 6 • 7 290 J JJ4 8 igi 8 sp 9 292 9 5f6 10 593 10 SJJ 11 294. 11 5J8 n sjg 295 12 Tiberius . 1 X sso 29 6*" 13 2' « . > • • - T 46 The JWexsLndvi a.n year Jbeg'ins on tne JQ^o/ Aug-ust. 47 01 1 .S P ^'^ ^ '^ afier Inatallafion . 1 581 14 ^97 Tiljerius . 3 i"Sa 15 i98 4 383 1 ^99 Mauricius, 1 ^84 X 300" % 585 3 301 3 JIB(> 4> <30i 4 5BY 5 503 5- 588 6 "•■-F 304 6 ..^.. 305 589 7 ^90 8 v306 8 9 ^oy 591 9 10 30^ 10 J93 n 309 n SB4. ^.% 310 u ^95 13 311 13 S96 14 - - -^ 3ia 14 537 15 313 15 598 1 314 16 ^99 ^ 315 tr + 600 3 316*' 18 c ■+- o +» o u ^ *^ *^ aiter Installation. 48 afte 6 01 4 3J7 Mauri ci us ly .^ 318 6oa 20 ' e' 319 603 Phocas 1 . 7 3S0 604- 2 8 S21 605- 3 9 822 606 4 10 313 60^ 5r 11 2%4> 608 6 12 3£.T 609 ^ IS 8«6 610 8 14 3^7 611 Heraclius 1 1.7 328'' 6H 2 1 329 61S 3 6}4 2 3S0 4 3 331 6Ji7 S 4 3SX 616 6 5 ■ • > 3SS 6ir 7 618 6 SS4f 8 "r" 33S 6ig 9 * ■ ■ 8 '336 '^ 620 10 1 Ke rAlexanoIrian year oeg-ins on we 2Q*''of Aug-ust. In the W*^year o£ Mauricius, tKe ?S'''o£ iSTovembef leJI upon aPi'fclay.(v/^^.6vW7.)f.e.A.D. 602. In tKe 6'''year of rieraclius,tn theA^'yesi.y' olIniAiction^ tke firgl- of lyTafcK iell on. a ]ylonda.Y('^-^ CJvyort) i.e. A.D.616. * ^ ^ 49 ^ o o w Q 1; arte i- o Installation. 9 fiSJ 621 HeracUufell 6n 10 338 12 - 1 - 11 <^39 62S J3 -2 - 624 11 540" 14 -3 - J 3 .^4.1 61S 15 4- 6i6 14 342, 16 -^- IS 34.3 CiVjl 7 -6 - 6iH 1 <344. 18 ■7' - 2 ,W 6ig 19 . 8- 3 346 6%0 20 -9 - 4 347 631 21 ja - S 548" 652 n 11 _ 6 349 633 23 12 654 r 3S0 24. 13 8 3S1 6S5 i.5- J4 9 $S1 * 6S6 '26 IS 10 353 6^y ^r 16 1] 3S4! 638 18 ir 6S9 1% SS5 2P 18 640^ I'd 356 30 19 ,KQjd-^' T'iie Alexandrian year begins on the 2Q" iKe jMaKometan years of the jlegira began in the 338*^yeai* o£ Diocletian. j^o'-^Ac^^/-^.) in the \% o£ Hei-aclius .(<7^^<7^^»^^«f.j'~^hey contain. 354 aavs each. The last year of the ./Vlejcandrian. Chronicle, Alexandria v^a-s, taken on tke first day of tie 20* Heg-ira , {CuJyMl 'AtvnaU^^ in tKe yeap 3<5'7' of ^Li^yty^ .{Chrv-nlam. OyieriJ^) i.e. 22 Deft. AD. 640.