BEQUEST TO DEPARTMENT FLOR. O. H. By Professor Lua A. Minns Feb. 1935 State College of Agriculture at Cornell Sanibersitp llbaca. M- ©. ILibxatp ^, SB 413.S9C8""""'"™"""'"^^ pt.1 ^Sinitim?,!,"?'*''' '^y •'°''" Ci-aig and A. 3 1924 002 822 157 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002822157 MAY, 1911 BULLETIN 301 CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Department of Horticulture SWEET PEA STUDIES— I Cornell trial grounds, 1910 Mont Blanc, the first of the spring plantings to bloom By JOHN CRAIG and A. C BEAL ITHACA, N. Y. PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATION Of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station BOARD OF CONTROL THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY EXPERIMENTING STAFF LIBERTY 11. BAILEY, Director. ALBERT R. MANN, Secretary. •lOHN HENRY VOMSTOCK, Entomology. HENRY II. WING, Animal Husbandry. .TOIIN CRAIG, Horticulture. T. LYTTLETON LYON. Soil Technology. HERBERT .1. \VEBBER, I'lant-Breeding. BEN.IAMIN M. DUGGAR, Plant Physiology. .IGHN L. STONE, Farm Practice. JAMES E. RICE, Poultry Husbandry. GEORGE W. CAVANAUGH, Chemistiy. ELMER O. FIPPIN, Soil Technology. WILLIAM A. STOCKING, .Jr., Dairy Industry. HERBERT H. WIIETZBL, Plant Pathology. G. F. WARREN, Faim Management and Farm Cropi^. CHARLES S. WILSON, I'omology. GLENN W. HEKRICK, Entomology. II(.)WARD W. RH.EY. Farm Mechanics. MERRITT W. HARPER, Animal Husbandry. JAMES A. EIZZEI.L, Soil Technologj. CYRUS R. CROSBY, Entomology. CLARENCE A. ROGERS, Poultry Husbandry. PAUL J. WHITE, Farm Crops. DONALD HEDDICK, Plant Pathology. HAROLD E. ROSS, Dairy Industry. HARRY II. LOVE, Plant-Breeding. ARTHUR W. GILBERT. Plant-Breeding. ELMER S. SAVAGE. Animal Iluslnindry. E. S. GUTHRIE, Hutter-making. EDWARD R. MINNS, Farm I'ractice. PAUL WORK, Horticulture. LEWIS KNUDSON, Plant Physiology. K. C. LIVERMORE, Farm Management. LEE B. COOK, Dairy Industry, G. WALTER TAILliY, .Ir., Animal Husbandry. IIAKVEY L. AYRES. Dairy Industry. CLARA NIXON, Poultry Husbandry. MORTIMER F. BARRUS, Plant Pathology. LOIS W. WING, Dairy Industry. EMMONS W. LEL.\ND. Soil Technology. CHARLES T. GREGORY. Plant Pathology. ALVIN C. BEAL, Floriculture. WALTER W. FISK, Dairy Industry. The regular bulletins of the Station are sent free of charge to persons residing In New York State who request them. SWEET PEA STUDIES Part I INTRODUCTORY John Craig The National, Sweet Pea Society of America was organized in New York City in July, 1909. Its purpose, as set forth in the constitution, is " to encourage the cultivation and improvement of the sweet pea by exhibitions, field tests, conferences, and publications, or in any other way the society shall determine." The President of the Society is JVlr. W. Atlee Burpee of Philadelphia, and the Secretary-Treasurer Mr. Harry A. Bunyard, 34J W. 14th St., New York City. To further the purposes of the Society, a co-operative arrangement was made with the Department of Horticulture of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, whereby the Society should provide the seed and the Department of Horticulture should conduct the field-plot and forcing-house tests at Ithaca in conjunction with a com- mittee on nomenclature appointed by the Society. This committee was composed of John Craig, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Maurice Puld, then of Arlington, Mass., now of Philadelphia, Pa. ; A. T. Boddington, New York City ; and William Sims, Cliftondale, Mass. The committee was especially en- joined by the Society to consider the practical aspects of the question. These aspects may be included essentially in the elimination of synonyms and the testing of new aspirants for public favor. In addition to these features, it was thought advisable to give some attention to cultural studies, with special reference to adaptations of varieties to fall and spring seeding and the influence of the time of seeding on the resultant crop. The immediate responsibility and care of the test grounds was placed in the hands of Mr. A. C. Beal, a Cornell graduate, who has been florist to the University of Illinois for several years and who now returns to Cornell for post-graduate study. The published appeal of the Society elicited prompt and generous re- sponse from many of the sweet pea growers of the country. In order to enlist the interests of the largest number ])ossible, a circular letter was sent by the committee on nomenclature under date of December 20. irxx), to all persons known to be interested in sweet pea culture. This circular read as follows : 75° Bulletin 301 Dear Sirs. — The Nomenclature Committee of the National Sweet Pea.. Society of America proposes to conduct trials of sweet peas on the grounds of and in co-operation with the Horticultural Department of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. We shall be pleased if you will assist us in making these trials complete by sending in all varieties you are ofifering this season which have been" introduced since 1904, and especially such varieties as you have sent out, or expect soon to introduce. Please state the color of the flower, and whether waved or plain. As far as possible, a row of twenty feet of each variety will be grown; and of the novelties not less than twenty-five seeds should be sent. Ad- dress all communications and samples to the Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. These trials have such interest and value to the raisers and growers of sweet peas that the Committee trusts that you will kindly render whatever assistance you can. JOHN CRAIG, A. T. BODDINGTON, MAURICE FULD, WILLIAM SIMS. Special investigator in charge — A. C. BEAL. the' TRIAL GROUNDS Scope of the work. — An area comprising about two acres half a niile east of the main college building, moderately elevated and sheltered on the east and south by groves of trees, was chosen. The soil was a well-drained clay loam, somewhat rolling as to surface but fairly uniform in its physical condition. As a result of the circular letter and the kind co-operation of sweet pea dealers and growers, 469 stocks (individual varieties) were grown. Twenty feet of each variety was planted. There was a total length of row of 8,100 feet, or something over one and one half miles of sweet pea rows. In addition to the varieties of sweet peas, an attempt was made to secure as many types as possible of the genus Lathyrus Orobus, and the closely allied form, A'icia. Forty-six types of this latter were secured from five dealers, in addition to the United States Department of Agriculture. The governn^.ent collection comprised all the trade species and varieties of the perennial pea, and other genera and species related to the sweet pea. The stock now on hand at the University will furnish material for attempting hybrids between the various forms. Trcllisiiig. — The question of a suitable trellis was given considerable thought. The simple method of staking at the ends of the rows with stout eight-fix It stakes and using wool twine to connect these stakes and sup|Jort the peas was tried. While the method has some advantages, it also has markeil disadvantages. It is reasonably econonical, but owing to the contraction and expansion of the string, due to moisture or "~^ ■■ ■, _ '■ ' . Sweet Pea Studies 75I dryness, it was difficult to secure an)thing like a satisfactory and uniform degree of tension. It is probable that nothing will quite equal the old- fashioned method of brushing. Wire trellises were not considered, owing to the expense. The season. — The season of 1910 as a whole was very unfavorable for iield culture of the sweet pea. The heat of the latter part of June and throughout most of July was excessive. The rainfall during the period was much below normal. This naturally had the effect of concen- trating and shortening the blooming period. Its effect on the length of stem, of course, was also very marked. No facilities for irrigation were available. Methods of study. — The work was undertaken with vigor, enthusiasm, and discretion by Afr. Beal. During the flowering period, it was neces- sary for him to spend practically all of his time in the field during the day. Temporary arrangements were made for continuous study of the factors to be considered in connection with the qualities of each variety. It was hoped that we would secure data not only on the blooming period and the intrinsic qualities of the bloom, but also on the quantity of bloom produced by each variety. It was found to be impossible to cover this last feature. Notwithstanding efforts to secure pickers, the amount of bloom appearing under the stimulating influence of the hot weather was so great that it could not be picked with sufficient promptness to give best results. Again, there was no market for the blossoms, and the cost of picking greatly exceeded our financial resources. The work was therefore concentrated to a considerable extent on studies of type. Data covering the percentage germination of each variety were also secured. The result* to date, which the writers are able to report, are as follows: some results of field studies Advanced trials. — There were sixteen varieties received for advanced trial, from the following introducers : Mrs. H. D. Tigwell, IMrs. W. J. Unwin, and Nettie Jenkins, con- tributed by Mr. W. J. Unwin. Lord Althorp, by Silas Cole. Mrs. Ryle, by S.'Bide & Son. • Dainty Spencer, Emily Eckford Spencer, Lottie Mutchins Spencer, and Uncle Sam, by W. Atlee Burpee & Co. Lavender Spencer, by G. Stark & Son. Of the remaining varieties. Mauve Spencer contained one plant of Mrs. Routzahn Spencer. Eric Harvey, Maud Adams, Triumph Spencer. Mrs. Taft, and Venus Spencer were badly mixed. Eric Harvey was one 752 Bulletin 301 ~ - ■# ' third John Ingram. Venus Spencer was one half Marie Corelli. Maud ;\(lanis, Triumph Spencer and Mrs. Taft were true to name. One variety failed to germinate. It is understood that Mrs. Tigwell, Mrs. W. J. Unwin, Nettie Jenkins, Lord Althorp, Dainty Spencer, and Emily Eckford Spencer are being introduced this season. Varieties introduced in igio. — The trials included fifty-five of the _^ new varieties of 1910. The following proved to be true or fixed, or j well selected stocks: Arthur Unwin, Bronze Paradise, Blue Flake, 1 Charles Hemus, Doris Burt, Florence Wright, Frank Unwin, Elaine, Edna Unwin Improved, Gladys Burt, George Stark, George Stark Improved, Helio Paradise, King Edward Improved, Lilac Queen, Lady Sarah Spencer, ?vlagnificent. Masterpiece, Mrs. Hugh Dickson, Marie Corelli, Mrs. Dun- can, Paradise Blue Flake, Paradise Beauty, Paradise Sunrise, Seafoam, Sunproof King, Winifred Deal, Zebra, Althorp White, Azure Fairy. Total, thirty varieties. The following were unfixed stocks : Althorp Cream, Blanche Ferry Spencer, Coccinea Paradise, Colleen, Douglas Unwin, Eileen, Distinction, G. C. Waud, George Washington, Gaiety Spencer, Mauve Paradise, Martha Washington, Miss Wilmott Improved, Queenie, Silas Cole, Red Paradise, Shawondasee, Winsome. Total, eighteen varieties. All of the above varieties, with the possible exception of two, were received direct from the introducers. The remaining seven varieties are being tested further. J^arieties introduced in igog. — Twenty-five of the introductions of 1909 were received from those who introduced them. We are able to speak definitely in regard to the following: Jack Unwin, Rosabelle Hoare, Gladys French, Holdfast Belle, Crimson Paradise, Maroon Para- dise, Zarina, Enid, Mrs. A. Ireland, Mid-Blue, and the King, were true; also the Americans, Mrs. Routzahn Spencer, 4 lots; King Edward Spen- cer, 4 lots ; Lovely Spencer, i lot ; Flora Norton Spencer, i lot ; Othello Spencer, 2 lots. These were true to type. The following were not true : Improved Lucy Hemus, and Zena, The Americans Queen Victoria Spencer, i lot : Captain of the Blues Spencer, I lot ; Mrs. Sankey Spencer, 2 lots, one mixed and one not : Ramona Spencer, 2 lots, one mixed and one not : Aurora Spencer, 2 lots, both mixed ; Beatrice Spencer, 2 lots, but no plants of Beatrice appeared. PROMISING VARIETIES Highly commended Senator Spencer — Burpee, 1910. Flowers very large and waved. Color light heliotrope striped with chocolate. Quite distinct. Sweet Pea Studies 753 Mrs. W. J. Unzvin — \\. J. Unwin, 19 10. Large, waved variety. Orange scarlet stripes on white ground. Masterpiece — ]3obbie, lyio. Very large, waved variety. Lavender. Mrs. iliKjh Dickson — Dobbie, 1910. Large, waved variety. Pale salmon pink on creamy ground. Mane Corelli — Burpee, 1910: Morse, 1910. Waved. Rose carmine. Lottie Hittchins Spencer — llurpee (not yet introduced). Waved. Pale rose stripe on buff ground. Varieties commended Rosabclle Hoare — Unwin, 1909. Florence Wright — Stark, 1910. Jack t/;m'i;; — LInwin, 1909. Othello Spencer — Burpee, 1909. Zebra — Hemus, 1910. Edna Unzvin Improved — Unwin, Uncle Sam — Jiurpee. 1910. Tennant Spencer — Alorse, 1909. Sunproof King — Bide, 1910. Lovely Spencer — Morse, 1909. culture; fall and spring plantings The first fall planting was made October 20, 1909. The autumn was open, and successive plantings ten days apart were continued until five had been made, closing with November 30. The purpose of these autumn plantings was to compare the results with plantings of the same variety in the spring. The Mont Blanc, King Edward VII, and Countess Spen- cer were the varieties tested. The sowings of October 20 and 30 germi- nated and appeared above ground before permanent winter weather ar- rived. No leaves were unfolded, however. No other plantings appeared above the surface, although the seeds of those planted on November 10 sprouted. The fourth and fifth plantings appeared April 4th and 15th, re- spectively, the interval between corresponding to the length of time be- iv\-een plantings. The same number of seeds were sown of each variety at each sowing, and the number that survived the winter was recorded. These fall plantings were all mulched during the winter, and this mulch removed in the spring when fine weather arrived. The fall plantings were covered with snow from the early part of December until almost the end of March. Results of successive fall plantings. — It appears that four to forty- eight per cent of Mont Blanc came through the winter : King Edward produced five to eighty-two per cent fa wide range), and Countess Spencer twentv to eighty-one per cent. Mont Blanc and King Edward gave the best results from the planting of November 10. Countess Spencer gave the best results from the earlier plantings. The last two plantings, when the surface of the ground was frozen, gave a very small percentage of germination. It is iinprobable that any considerable pro- 754 Bulletin 301 " - ,^ portion of the seeds sown at this time rooted ; and what is true of the last sow ing with Countess Spencer in the fall is true of the first planting of March 12th in the spring. The first three plantings of JMont Blanc came into bloom June 6th, the fourth on June 14th, and the last on June 20th. The fall plantings bloomed two weeks before the regular spring plantings of the same variety. This brought the former into full bloom as the spring plant- ings began to produce blossoms. The quality of the flowers of the fall plantings was superior to that of the spring-sown seed. This comparison of the advantages of fall and spring planting is being repeated the present season (1911). The results will undoubtedly be greatly influenced by the character of the autumn and the spring, and it is quite probable that the results of one year might be changed very considerably by the character of the season another year. Successive spring plantings. — The three varieties mentioned were sown in spring successively from March 12th to the end of May. The spring plantings were not made at ideally regular intervals because of the cold, wet weather of April and the heavy rains of May, 1910. The most sig- nificant fact in connection with these trials was that the dry, hot weather hurried forward the different plantings made in April so that they bloomed together. The height of the plants, however, varied directly w'ith the time of planting, the first planted being the taller. The amount of bloom on all but the first three spring plantings was much reduced, and also the length of the stems, by the hot weather. Nevertheless, the April and early Mav plantings made a good show and with more rain and heavier fertilizing douljtless would have given some tair blooms. The results indicate that planting of the garden varieties after Alay loth is hardly worth the trouljle. For the same reason, the June planting did not flower until in August, after a very feeble existence. When the mildew appeared, this planting was quickly destroyed. It is apparent that wlute-seeded sweet peas should not be planted until the ground is warm. Date March 12 March 22 April 4 April 16 April 27 May 7 May 18 June I Spring Plantings Mont Blanc slo. seeds No. germi- Da te First planted nated germination bloom 120 18 April 15 June 18 120 49 April 18 June 20 120 9- April 20 June 21 120 90 April 30 June 27 120 101 May 10 June 30 150 141 May 16 July 5 1-5 118 May 30 July 12 ITS 146 June 16 Aug. 18 AliDVF.: Coiiitless Spencer, sown March I2lh and 22d, bes^iuiiiiii; to bloum June 2/lh. Mount Blanc in distance BioLDW: Ciiuntess Spencer, sown November, iqoq: in full bloom June j-, iqio King Edzcard I 'II No. seeds No. germi- Date planted nated germination 120 8l April IS 120 103 April 20 1 20 1 04 April 27 120 102 Apr-1 30 1 20 1 1 Ma^- 10 120 108 Mav 18 125 114 May 30 150 133 June 16 120 1 11 120 117 120 no 120 n I 120 no 120 nS 120 "S ISO 131 PART II April 20 April 27 May 3 Mux 10 Mav 16 May 30 June 16 First bloom June 25 June ~7 July 2 July 5 July 6 July 15 July 20 Aug. 26 June 30 July I July 1 July 4 July 7 July 15 July 20 SwiiET Pka Stujjie.s 755 Date March 12 March 22 April 4 April 16 April 2- May 7 May 18 June I Countess Spencer March 12 ;. 120 ni April 15 March 22 April 4 April 16 April 27 May 7 May 18 June I ISO 131 June 16 Aug. 26 WINTER-FLOWERIXG SWEET PEAS A. C. Re-\l After the waved section, the most important type of sweet peas yet developed from the older garden form is the winter-flowering, which ha.; reached its greatest perfection in the United States. DISTINGUISHING CH.ARACTERS The winter-flowering type is clearly distinct in its habit of growth and in its early flov.'ering character. I'nlike the garden type, which appar- ently stands still for a time, when only a few inches high, while side shoots develop, the winter-flowering peas grow rapid]}- until they attain a height of two, three, or even four feet, when they begin to flower freely, after which time the side shoots develop. In our trials, the varieties of the winter-flowering type, planted Septenilier twenty-fourth, came into flower between Thanksgiving and Christmas, while some varieties of the waved and hooded class of the old type, planted on the same day, have not }'et (.April 10) produced a flower. Man^- \-arieties of the former type were flowering freely at the holiday's, and the record would ha\-e been even better, no doubt, had it not l)ccn fi.ir the unusual weather conditions in November. This month, in the region of Ithaca, 756 Bulletin 301 did not give an entire day of sunshine, and all the days were cloudy except two. December was almost as unsatisfactory. The winter-flowering peas make their greatest growth under glass. When planted in the field, they make a very slender growth as com- pared with the garden type. They flower very early in the season or when only a few inches high, but bloom profusely and continuously. The garden type " stools out " well when planted under glass but requires the entire winter for growth if planted in the fall. It is said by a practical grower that seed planted' in January will flower as soon as that planted in August. The shoots or branches all grow up at about the same rate, making a heavy growth of vine. This difference in habit of growth, manifesting itself so early, is of very great value to the florist in enabling him to guard against the disappointment from getting the wrong seed. FORCING SWEET PEAS Florists have been growing sweet peas under glass in a limited way for a number of years. Soon after its introduction at least twenty years ago, Blanche Ferry was tried under glass, where it proved to be the most successful variety. The earliest account of the forcing of sweet peas is to be found in the American Florist, July 26, 1894. This is a short article by Mr. Fritz Bahr, of Ardsley, N. Y., who sowed Blanche Ferry in pots early in October, keeping them in a cold frame until Dec. 10, when they were planted out in benches 3" apart in rows 18" apart The first flowers were cut April 2. Fifteen years ago, sweet peas were usually plentiful in the markets of the large cities about the first of April, although sometimes flowers were seen as early as the last week in February. Among the varieties then grown were Butterfly, Lottie Eckford, Emily Henderson, and Katherine Tracy. The seeds were usually sown in August or September in pots and benched after chrysanthemums, or seed was planted in carna- tion benches and the plants trained to the purlin supports of the green- house. These methods, especially the latter, were recommended by Mr. \Mlliam Scott, who asserted that the plants did not make much growth until the bright spring days when there was sufficient sunshine for all. The first record of sweet peas being grown under glass in anv but a limited way is in 1897, when Mr. Zvolanek states that he grew three houses of them. Tie was undoubtedly the largest grcnver at that time. In March of that year, ]ieas were reported as very plcnlifiil in the New York market, selling at first at twenty-five cents per bunch of twelve sprays. Sweet Pea Studies 757 In addition to the varieties enumerated above, Emily Eckford, Golden Gleam, and Countess of Radnor were grown in the decade preceding the introduction of the Zvolanek varieties about 1906. LEADING TYPES There are three groups of this winter-flowering type of sweet peas: winter or Christinas flowering, Telemly, and the Engelmann group (Lathy rus odoralus praccox). These have been developed in widely separated localities. Winter or Christmas Floivcring Strains The first of these groups was developed in the United States by Mr. A. C. Zvolanek of Bound Brook, New Jersey. It appears to be the result of a cross between an early flowering plant, found among Lottie Eckford, and Blanche Ferry. The cross gave Christmas Pink, although probably not as we have it to-day, for undoubtedly it has been selected and im- proved. The cross was made sometime previous to 1895, for Mr. Zvolanek says that he was able to send the first ten dozen blooms to market on Jan. i of that year. The variety was introduced in 1899. The next winter-flowering variety was ]\Iiss Florence E. Denzer, a cross between Christmas Pink and Emily Henderson. Since the latter was a white sport from Blanche Ferry, it is evident how closely this winter type is related to this standard American variety. By 1900, Mr. Zvolanek called attention to the fact that he had five varieties of the winter- flowering class. These pioneers were used to cross with the best outdoor varieties. The results number over a hundred varieties, from which thirty have been considered of commercial importance and have been introduced. It may be well to state that this group not only contains the largest number of named varieties but the largest number of commercially im- portant forcing varieties in the world. Mr. Zvolanek's work in this direc- tion is sufficient to place him among the foremost of sweet pea enthusiasts, if, indeed, he should not be called the Eckford of this type of sweet peas. Tclciulv group The Telemly varieties of sweet peas have been ofTered in England for sowing under glass. So far as the writer can learn, they have not yet ■ been olTered or grown by the trade in this country. This group was originated by the Rev. Edw3'n .\rk\\'right, in his gar- den at Telemlv, on the bill of Mustapha near the citv of Algiers, in Algeria, Africa. For a number of years the great American variet)'. 758 Bulletin 301 Blanche Ferry, was grown. This has always been known as an early variety, and it flowered in the locality mentioned about the end of March. Rev. Ark Wright, in an article in the Sweet Pea Annual for 1907, says, "About seven years ago a sport showed itself in my garden as early as February and was promptly isolated from all others. The next year I had some plants flowering in January, and among them one red one, a cross apparently from Mars, on which a blossom or two had come out in May of the previous year. From these parents I have now ten or twelve of the usual colors, ranging from white to purple, and including duphcates, or shall I say imitations, of Hon. Mrs. E. Kenyon, Jannie Gordon, Lady Grizel Hamilton, Mars, Black Knight, etc., which begin to flower, about Christmas time and last two months. " That they form a distinct group is evident from the fact that Eck- ford's Sweet Peas, which I sow at the same time, i. e., at the end of September, do not flower till May. Moreover, the leaf is considerably narrower than in Eckford's varieties and more pointed, and the stem appears to have more woody fibre." The Engelmann group (Lathyrus odoratus praecox) Mr. C. Engelmann, of Safl^ron Walden, England, has offered another group of winter-flowering sweet peas. He says in the Sweet Pea Annual, 1907, '' It is nearly four years since some plants of Captain of the Blues sported with me and gave winter flowering varieties of quite distinct habit. Ordinary stocks sown in autumn will not bloom under glass until the following April, but the new comers commence to bloom from six to ten weeks after seed sowing, and continue to form branches and produce flowers all through the winter. " I have now winter flowering representatives of such varieties as Dorothy Eckford, Lady Grizel Hamilton, and Miss Wilmott, as well as a number of crosses between these and the ordinary type and I\Iont Blanc, so that almost all Sweet Pea colours are represented. " In 1906 I sowed my winter flowering varieties at the end of August and beginning of September, and the resulting plants commenced to flower in October and were splendidly in bloom at the end of November and early in December, and they should continue to flower until the ordinary Sweet Peas come into flower." THE FORCINi; TE.'iTS AT CORNELL All obtainable varieties of tlie winter-flo\\ering type have been grown for two seasons under glass, and also outdoors last summer. From Mr. Anton C. Zvolanek, Round i'.rook, \. J., were received " Original winter-flowering sweet pea seed " of the following twenty- Sweet Pea Studies 759 seven varieties: Blue Rird, Christmas Captain, Christmas Piniv, Enchan- tress, Florence Ucnzer, Governor Fort, Greenbrook, Jack Hunter, Le Marquis, Meteor, Aliss Helen M. Gould, Miss Josie Reilly, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Mrs. F. J. IJolansky, Mrs. J. F. Hannan, Airs. George Lewis, Airs. A. Wallace, Mrs. E. Wild, Mrs. Wm. Sim, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Niger, Pink Beauty, Red Seedling, A'ariegated, Watchung, Wm. J. Stewart, and W'allacea. From Air. C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden, Essex, England, came the following six varieties of " Lathyrus odoratus praccox:" White, Alauve, Deep Alauve, Carmine, Blue and Alaroon. There was obtained from Afr. F. Fleetwood Paul, Botley Hants, Eng- land, the f ollow ing four varieties of " Paul's Improved Telemly Strain or Christmas Flowerins: Sweet Peas :" Rose and Carmine, Alauve, Two Shades Pink, and White. The Rev. E. iVrkwright, Algiers, Algeria, Africa, sent the following eighteen named varieties of Telemly Sweet Peas : Apple Blossom, Indigo Blue, Blue and Red, Cerise, Eavender and Pink, Lavender, Maroon, Alauve, Pale Pink, Pink, Pale Primrose, Purple, Purple and Maroon, Red Bicolor, Red Self, Red and White, Violet and White. Canary, Flamingo, Christmas White, Snowbird, and Airs. A. C. Zvo- lanek, also seeds of Alont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeam, Earliest White, Ear- liest of All, Reselected Earliest of All, Emily Flenderson, and Blanche Ferry were received from Air. A. T. Boddington, New York. The same firm forwarded packets of their stock of Florence Denzer, Airs. W. \Y . Smalley, Airs, Alexander Wallace, Airs. \A'm. Sim, Airs. E. Wild, Airs. George Lewis, Christmas Pink, and A'Vatchung, which were identical with the varieties of the same name in the Zvolanek collection. Altogether we have tested seventy-five varieties from five sources in America, Algeria, and England, which probably represents the largest collection of the forcing type ever brought together. In all trials thus far we have not discovered the slightest reason for believing that any variety \\'as a hybrid between some species of the vetch and Lathxnis odoratus. This conclusion was reached after growing the following species of vetch, ['. satiz'a, V. villosa. V. Gcrardii, and ['. ful- gcns, side by side with the varieties of winter-flowering sweet peas and studying them at all stages of development. The winter-flowering, the Engelmann group, and the Telemly strains all have the same habit of growth and the early-flowering propensity, with the exception of Paul's Telemly Alauve, which is distinct from Ark- wright's Telemly Alauve, and which belongs to the outdoor type since it exhibits similar characteristics of bushy growth and late flowering. This variety, planted at the same time as the other varieties from Air. Paul, produced flowers eight to nine weeks later. ybo Bulletin 301 • , i EARLY AND LATE FLOWERING VARIETIES As to time of flowering, the winter-flowering sweet peas may be divided into two groups, the extra early flowering and the winter-flowering proper. The first includes Earliest of All, Reselected Earliest of All, Earliest White, Snowbird, Watchung, and possibly Blanche Ferry. These flower together at least three weeks parlier than the other group, but except for early blooms are not equal in size of flower or length of stem to the other kinds. They are all characterized by very slender growth, with dark green, narrow, pointed leaves. The flowers are of open form, with a notch in the top of the standard. In our trials. Earliest of All was the best of its color in the above group, but it is not equal to Christ- mas Pink. Earliest White, Snowbird, and Watchung are identical. They are black-seeded whites, and, in addition to being extra early varieties, possess the advantage of giving a high percentage of germination under ordinary conditions. The varieties of the true winter-flowering group are crosses between some of the extra early group and the garden varieties of sweet peas. The habit is the same as the other group, except that the plants attain a greater height and are consequently later in beginning to flower ; also the side shoots, which are de\eloped, resemble in strength and vigor the growth of the garden varieties when grown under glass. The result ,is larger flowers and longer and stronger stems. . j VARIETIES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO COLOR ■ ^ White Z'arietics. — Of the true winter-flowering kinds, Florence Den- zer, Christmas White, Telemly White and Mont Blanc are similar. Ark- wright's Telemly White contains two varieties ; one a very large, open white which, in our tests, surpassed in size any other white in the col- lection, and the other a hooded white resembling Dorothy Eckford in form. If the latter can be separated and fixed it will prove a desirable variety. Mrs. George Lewis is a refined, hooded flower inclining toward waviness, is deliciously perfumed, but seems to be lacking in substance, and in our opinion is rather an exhibition flower than a market variety. This was the most difficult variety to germinate, whether planted in soil or sand, in the open or in pots. This weakness, if common, will result in its elimination from the lists. Praecox White is a strong-growing hooded white producing threes rather regularly. It is a little later than Florence Denzer. It is fixed, and is at present the best hooded white. Primrose varieties. — The primrose varieties. Earliest Sunbeams and Telemly Pale Prinn-ose, are identical. \Mth us, Canary is distinct from the foregoing in that it is not quite so large, has a perfectlv flat, erect standard without an)- tendency In reflex, as in Sunbeams, and is a deeper Sweet Pea Studies 761 primrose color, especially when opening. Canary grew somewhat better and was taller, producing iluwers on longer stems. Piuk varieties. — Ihe hnest pink variety is Telemly Pink, a beautiful soft pink without a trace of salmon. Unfortunately it has proved to be unfixed. We did not receive Zvolanek's Pink and so were unable to com- pare these two varieties in the trials. As shown at Boston they appear to be identical. Mrs. F. J. Dolansky is the best of hooded pinks. It is silvery pink, a good grower, and productive. Enchantress is practically the same color, but is inferior because it produces too many flowers with the old side notches. The latter are not needed. Airs. W. W. Smalley is the open form representative of the salmon pinks. The color is pink on salmon buii'. Gov. Fort is slightly hooded, is two shades lighter than Mrs. Wm. Sim instead of darker, and is of large size. Airs. W'm. Sim is an extreme hooded form, which gives the appearance of a small flower. It has long stems with three flowers, in which respect it surpasses Gov. Fort. The latter is superior in form and apparent size, and comes into bloom later. Red Z'arieties. — Red Seedling produces large, extremely hooded flowers on long stems. The color is a dull, dark crimson. It is very productive. Mrs. Edie Wild, with a crimson carmine standard and lighter wings, is a good variety. Its most serious fault is that the wings are large, broad, and long, extending beyond the margin of the standard when fully open. This lack of proportion in the parts of the flower condemns it. Other- wise it is desirable. In our tests it was alwavs the latest of the Zvolanek varieties, although some others almost equaled it. Christmas Meteor, the best of the crimson reds, is medium in size and has short stems. Telemly Red Self is similar, but later. Paul's Telemly Two Shades Pink was badly mixed but the majority of the plants were true to type. Telemlv Rose and Carmine (Paul) has a carmine lake standard and rosy magenta wings, and is of a brighter color than Aleteor. It is of open form but is worthless because the upper flowers are decidedly smaller than the lower. Telemly Red Bicolor appears to be the same. Flamingo is a lighter red than Meteor, very productive, having short stems and medium size. It is a short grower. Christmas Red is said to be the same. There would seem to be need for a winter-flowering King Edward \^II. Of the carmine netted varieties. Pink Beauty and Mrs. J. F. Hannan are practically identical in winter. In the spring, the former shows a little orange tint in the flowers. These two varieties are too much alike. Praecox Carmine is a distinct variety, being a deeper carmine of similar form. 762 Bulletin 301 Red and zvhitc varieties. — The red and white varieties are numerous. We have ah"eady noted those of the extra early group. Christmas Pink and Telemly Red and V\"hite are practically identical. These two are superior to all others of this color for growing under glass, because they produce blooms with three flowers on very long stems. Telemly Apple Blossom is of medium size, open form, standard pink on light primrose wings. It is only 50 ' be brought to the surface. In new houses, in case the beds arc to Idc raised a foot, trench the soil eighteen to twenty-four inches deep if it is a good loam; if not, remove the soil and fill the beds with good soil. This gives aii additional foot of loosened soil when the bed is full, but it is needed for additional drainage. In turning this original soil in a new bed, a])].)ly a heaA'y coat of good decomposed cow manure in the trench. Then spread on top a three-inch coat of manure and fill in with the prepared soil. In the old beds, put a three-inch layer of manure in the bottom of the trench and another about a foot below the top. The soil should remain thus until about the time for sowing; if a month or more inter- venes, it is much better. At this time fork o\'er the top layer one foot deep, which mixes the upper layer of manure with the surface soil. Benches. — While good crops of sweet peas ma}'- be grown on benches, yet they require more care than when in beds. The sweet pea is frequently grown as a crop to succeed chrysanthemums, jjarticularly by those florists who do not devote a great amount of space to pot i.:lants. In order to have flowers for Christmas, the early chrysanthemums should be cleared from the house by October 20 and the space filled with good sweet pea plants transplanted from pots. The seed Only good, strong-germinating seed should be used, and the best for the purpose is the outdoor-grown stock of this type. If the gro\^-er raises his own seed for the earliest planting, that from outdoor fall-sown plants 628 Bulletin 319 is preferable; otherwise it will always pay to purchase stock from the specialists who produce seed under California conditions. Seed procured near the end of the season from exhausted greenhouse-grown plants often germinates poorly or produces weak plants. Soine times, even though the seedlings start off fairly well, they later exhibit constitutional weakness. If the steam pipes are on the side walls, plant the first row of seeds five feet from them. If the rows nm east and west, plant the others five feet apart; if the rows run north and south, space them three feet apart. Make the drills one or i^ne and a half inch deep, and drop the seeds one to one and a half mch apart. Cover the depth of the drill, and keep the surface level. Sowing The winter-flowering varieties may be sown in the beds or benches where they are to stand, or they may be sown in pots. The former method gives the better results.* A day or two before planting, the beds should be thoroughly saturated with water; "William Sim, the most extensive grower, advises a strong dose of liquid manure instead. As soon as the top has dried off so as to be in a good friable condition, plant the seed. The varieties with white seeds are best sown in sand; or, as Mr. Zvolanek advises, soak the seeds for ten hours in water, scatter in flats, and allow to remain for two days or until the seeds begin to swell. The seeds may then be sown in moderately dry soil in the same way as other varieties. The white-seeded varieties, more than any others, require careful attention in the watering. Watering If the soil has been saturated before planting, no more water should be applied for perhaps a week, or only when the soil is no longer moist three inches below the surface. When a thorough watering is not appUed first, and the seed is sown and watered in, as a rule not enough water is given to saturate the soil very deep. The result is that the plant con- fines its root area to this shallow moist layer and does not root deeply. It therefore suffers from extremes, and any lack of moisture is followed by a check from which it never recovers. On the other hand, if the prepara- tory watering is given and water withheld until there is need of it, the roots strike downward into moist and cooler soil where they overcome, as far as possible, the effects of the hot days. The sweet pea must be kept growing steadily from the day the seed is sown. When water is needed, do not apply near the plants, but between the rows, where it should be given liberally. This treatment is especially important \\Tith * One large grower sows the seed in flats or benches, in sand, transplanting the seedlings as soon as the upper side root is one half inch long. Two plants are placed in each two-and-a-half-inch pot These are planted, four pots to one foot of row, in the greenhouse. Bulletin jiq Plate I The house of wiiiler-flowering sweet peas, February, igio Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 629 the early plantings. One reason why water should not be applied too near the plants is that they arc especially subject to damping off. This trouble becomes more prevalent in October and November, when there are more cloudy days, cool nights, and like conditions. Because of this, no soil should be heaped around the stem. Time to plant When a good crop of sweet peas is desired for Christmas, the seed should be sown the 20th of August. When sown September i the plants will flower in January; when sown September 15 the main crop will be in February; and when sown in October the crop will be ready in March. November sowings flower in the latter part of March ; December sowings in April; Januarj^ sowings in April and May; February sowings from May I on; and a March sowing in May or June. This gives the time when a reasonable crop can be expected, although flowers will be cut, especially with certain varieties, in a shorter interval than that given. Some of the varieties in the tests at this station, sown October 20 and benched December 20, gave flowers during the last week in January, but not freely until about March. Some sown November 20 and benched December 20 began flowering in February and gave an abundance in March. Seed sown in beds September 24 this year gave flowers on Thanks- giving Day, although during the whole month of November there was not one clear day and there were only two partly clear days. Supports As soon as the peas are up, a support must be furnished. This may consist of string, wire and string, or wire netting. When string is used it is stretched lengthwise on each side of the row and fastened to stakes on the purlin posts. The wire-and-string support consists of wires stretched over the row, one near the ground and another eight to ten feet above it ; between these, string is stretched lengthwise every ten inches, and per- pendicular strings connect the top and bottom wires. Wire netting is condemned by commercial growers. They maintain that the vines do not chng to it, so that just as much tying is needed; and, besides, more crooked stems occur than when the vines are trained on string. At this station, however, all the methods have been tried and the wire netting has been found preferable. Temperature Keep the temperature in the early stage as low as possible, giving full ventilation, day and night, as late as possible without freezing. The 630 Bulletin 319 cooler the plants can be kept while growing, the stronger and healthier they will be. In this waj' the natural outdoor spring conditions are approximated. When the flower buds can be felt in the tips of the growing stems, the temperature should be raised 1° a night until 50° is attained, which is the proper temperature during December, January, and February. From about the end of February on, a night temperature of 48° is better. On bright days a rise of 10° or even 15° may be given. On cloudy days 55° is high enough, for higher temperatures promote soft, succulent growth that wilts when the sun comes out. Plenty of ventilation should be provided at every opportunity, as this, with careful regulation of temper- ature, causes a firm growth. Insects Sweet peas are especially subject to attack by the red spider, but unless the plants are too near heated pipes such attacks do not often occur except in the fall months. The careful use of water after the plants have attained a height of a few inches will eradicate this pest. The common enemy of greenhouse plants, the green fly, attacks sweet peas from the time they appear above ground. These insects can soon destroy the young plants, as well as weaken the plants at any stage. Fumigation should be attended to carefully, the grower choosing cool nights or performing the work early in the morning; the chief object being to clear the plants thoroughly by regular and persistent fumigation so that they will not need fumigating when in bloom, as the odor is objection- able and injures the sale of the flowers. Tobacco also bleaches the flowers of some varieties. In the spring, when spraying plants with nicotine for green fly or for thrips, use this insecticide carefully as sweet peas are subject to injury from it. A nicotine preparation containing forty per cent of the constituent nicotine, used at the rate of two teaspoon- fuls to each gallon of water, will kill the thrips that are hit by the spray. Climbing cutworms and snails, if present in greenhouses, will destroy sweet peas. The former insects, which attack also carnations, \dolets, and chrysanthemums under glass, are combated by using compost that has not been covered by a rank growth of weeds and grass. When their work is noticed a search should be made for the worms under any mulch or lumps of earth on the bench, where they are coiled up during the day. They may also be picked from the plants at night while feeding. The use of poisoned baits is also recommended; among the best of these is the bran-arsenic mash, made by mixing one part white arsenic, one part sugar, and six jiarts bran, with sufficient water to fomi a mash. This may be placed among the plants. Snails can be controlled by the appli- cation of lime and soot to the surface of the beds or benches. Bulletin 319 Plate II The swecl pea mildew WlNTER-FIjJWERlNG SwEET PeAS 63 I I diseases The daniinuLj-off fun;^'us lias already beei: mentioned as causing the loss of young plants. Sometimes plants arc seen with white- or yellow- streaked foliage. Fron-i experience at this station it appears that such a condition ma\' follow the use of any soil that is not sweet. An instance occurred when a mold growing OA'cr the ashes of a bench entered the bottom of some pots of jjcas, eausmg the soil to become stale and musty. All the plants where this occurred showed streaked foUage later. The ciiscase is undoulnedly physiological in its nature and is thought by prac- tical growers to occur sometimes from the use of too much or too fresh manure on 3'oung plants. The dropping of flower buds is often a cause of complaint from growers. The tirst flower buds frequently do not set on vigorous, thrifty jjlants. Usually this condition soon disappears, 1jut sometimes it is necessary to keep the plants a little dry and to abstain from the use of fertilizers until the plants are blooming freely. The loss of the buds will follow a sudden fall in the tem]jcrature or will result from o\-erwatering. Another cause is, growing the plants in too cool an atmos]jhere. Plants that are grown in the proper temperature, with careful attention to watering, ventilation, and feeding, do not fail to give an abundance of flowers. Mildew sometimes attacks sweet jjcas during the autumn, unless the temperature and ventilation recei^'c attention. It has been found at this station that mildew yields readily to applications of sulfur to the pipes, and to the use of flour of sulfur dusted on the infected Ica^'es. As soon as the fires are started in the fall, some sulfur should be applied to the pipes as a preventive. This should be used judiciously, howcA'cr, for an interest- ing ease came under obscr^^ation at this station during the past winter, of the danger of using sulfur too strong. An application had been made, and on a A'crv cold night the i)ipe coA'cred with the sulfur was turned on, the result being that e\'ery flower \A'hieh was well ad\'aneed or open was scorched so that most of the flowers had to Ijc thrown away. No injury to the plants occurred. tests of winter-flowering sweet peas at CORNELL UNIVERSITY The origin of the various groups of winter-flowering ^-arictics of sweet peas has been traced above, and the varieties of the garden type formerhr grown under glass ha\'e been noted. All obtainable varieties of the winter-flowering type ha\-e been grown two seasons under glass, and also out of doors during the past summer. From Anton C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J., were recei\-ed original winter-flowering sweet i)ea seeds of the following thirty-(jne \'arieties : 632 Bulletin 319 Blue Bird, Christmas Captain, Christmas Pink, Enchantress, Florence E. Denzer, Governor Fort, Greenbrook, Jack Hunter, Lc Marquis, Meteor, Miss Helen M. Gould, Miss Josie Reilly, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Mrs. F. J. Dolansky, Mrs. J. F. Hannan, Mrs. George Lewis, Mrs. A. Wahace, Mrs. E. Wild, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Niger, Pink Beauty, Red Seedling, Variegated, Watchung, William J. Stewart, and Wallacea; in 191 1, Zvolanek's Blue, Orange, Pink, and J. K. Allen. From C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden, Essex, England, came the follow- ing six A'arieties of Lailiyrus odoralits Praecox : White, Mauve, Deep Mauve, Carmine, Maroon, and Blue. There were obtained from F. Fleetwood Paul, Botley, Hants, England, the following four A'arieties of " Paul's Improved Telemly Strain, or Christma.s- Flowering Sweet Peas": Rose and Carmine, Mauve, Two Shades Pink, and White. From the ReA'erend E. Arlavright, Telemly, Alger- Mustapha, Algeria, Africa, were received the following eighteen named ^'arieties of Telemly sweet peas: Apple Blossom, Indigo Blue, Blue and Red, Cerise, Lavender and Pinl-:, Lavender, Maroon, Mauve, Pale Pink, Pink, Pale Primrose, Purple, Purple and Maroon, Red Bieolor, Red Self, Red and White, Violet, and AVhite. Canary, Flamingo, Christmas White, Snowbird, and Mrs. A. C. Zvolanek, also seeds of Mont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeams, Earliest White, Earliest of All, Reseleeted Earliest of All, Emih' Henderson, and Blanche Ferr}', were received from A. T. Boddington, New York. The same firm forwarded packets of their stock of Florence E. Denzer, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. WilKam Sim, Mrs. E. Wild, Mrs. George Lewis, Christmas Pink, and Watchung, which were identical with the varieties of the same name in the Zvolanek collection. The Bryson Ayres Company, Independence, Mo., sent the following va- rieties: Christmas Primrose, Mrs. A. Wallace, Ayres' Thanksgiving White, Christmas Blue, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Christmas Pink, ;\Irs. Wilham Sim. Altogether, seventy-three varieties, from five sources in America, Algeria, and England, have been tested at this station. This probably represents the largest collection of the forcing type ever brought together. In all these trials there has never been disco\'ered the slightest reason for believing that any variety was a hybrid between some species of the vetch and Latliynis odoratiis. Side by side with the varieties of winter-flowering sweet peas the following species of vetch have been grown and studied at all stages of development: Vicia saiiva, \\ villosa. \'. gcyardii, and ]'. ftdgcns. The winter-flowering Lathynis odoratiis Praecox and the Telemly strains all have the same habit of growth and early-flowering projjensity, with Bltlletin 319 Plate III TAe winter-flowering sweet peas, May 3, igii. After blooming for five months BULI.ETIX 319 Plate IV Tlie Spencer sweet peas, May 4, IQII. A few days after beginning to blootn WlNTER-FI.OWERlN'J SwEET PeAS (>ii the exception of Paul's Telcmly Mauve, which is distinct from Arkwright's Telemly Mauve and which belonp;s to the outdoor t^'pe since it exhil^its similar characteristics of bushy ;j;rowth and is late-flowering. This variety, jjlantcd at the same time as the other varieties from Mr. Paul, jiroduced flowers eight to nine weeks later; the second year it gave flowers seventeen to eighteen weeks later. The Telemly varieties from Arkwright show by the fonn of their flowers that they liaA-c^ been deriA^cd from Blanche Fcn-y. The latter, when sown in i\ugust, docs not flower much in winter, although it has much the same character of growth. The varieties Florence E. Denzer and Mont Blanc, also Earliest White, Watchmig, and Snowbird, and Christmas Pink, Earliest of All, Rcseleeted EarHcst of All, and Blanche Ferry, liaA'c flowers that are identical and the three last named come into bloom at the same time. The open-flowered varieties from Z\-olanek and Boddington are earlier than the hooded varieties and are also less \-igorous growers. ^'UMBER OF D.VVS REQCIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM Variety Earliest Wliite Eariiest of All Watchung Snowbird Reselected Earliest of All , Blanche Ferry Earliest Sunbeams Two Shades Pink Blue Bird Greenbrook Christmas Pink Mont Blanc Canary Telemly Pale Primrose . . , Christmas Captain Variegated WilUam J. Stewart Telemly Apple Blossom . . r^lemly Maroon Le Marquis '"hristmas Meteor .rs. Zvolanck Telemly Pink Mrs. ]■ P- Hannan Helen M. Gould T(51emly Indigo Blue Planted in pots October 2. (igog- 1910) Planted in open ground (1910) 71 71 71 71 96 92 99 104 99 99 1 12 93 :o5 97 lOI 93 9,=. lOI lOI 95 97 98 91 68 68 68 68 68 68 74 74 74 74 74 76 76 76 79 74 Planted in beds Septem- ber 24 (1910- 1911) 60 63 63 66 66 66 81 85 86 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 90 90 90 90 93 93 93 93 634 Bulletin 319 NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM — (Continued) Variety Planted in pots October 22 (1909- 1910) Planted in open ground (1910) Telemly Blue and Red Christmas Enchantress Mrs. C. H. Totty Mrs, A. Wallace ^ Paul's Rose and Carmine. . . . Christmas White Wallacca Flamingo Arkwright's T(51emly White . , Telemly Purple Florence E. Denzer Niger Telemly Red and White Telemly Pale Pink Pink Beauty Red Seedling Telemly Violet Telemly Cerise Jack Hunter Miss Josie Reilly Praecox White Mrs. F. J. Dolansky Mrs. William Sim Mrs. W. W. Smalley Ti^demly Red Self Ti^^lemly Lavender and Pink , Telemly Mauve (Arkwright) . Telemly Lavender Governor Fort Praecox Carmine Praecox Deep Mauve Mrs. E. Wild Praecox Mauve Paul's Telemly Mauve Mrs. George Lewis Paul's Telemly White 91 97 106 106 104 99 lOI 95 94 93 105 104 9^ 92 lOI 103 98 98 97 99 105 lOI I "3 102 98 93 95 Id 99 III 109 ■109 107 160 99 94 The garden varieties tested 1910-1911 Emily Henderson . Henry Eckford . . . King Edward VH. Countess Spencer . Helen Lewis Primrose Spencer . White Spencer. . . . // 76 77 74 78 7 b 78 78 Planted in beds Septem- ber 34 (1910- 1911) 76 81 88 80 80 82 84 84 93 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 96 95 96 96 96 96 98 102 lOI lOI lOI 102 102 102 102 102 107 107 109 no no 1 12 124 218 96 102 202 214 216 216 214 216 212 The plants of t1ie ,t;arilcn type .started Sei)tcmber 24 witli tlie winter- flowering type produeccl their first lilos.soms ditring the last week in "VVinter-fi.owerinl; Sweet Peas 63 s April, while the latter were still blooming freely after having )deldcd eut blooms for nearly five months, and the extra early A'arietics for six monilis. NUMBER OF DAYS COMING INTO BLOOM CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUP TO WHICH THE VARIETIES BELONG Variety 1909-19101 1910-1911 EngdmaiDi varielics - Praccox Blue Praecox Carmine Praecox Deep Mauve Praecox Mauve Praecox Maroon Praecox Wliite ■ Lalhvrus odorattis Praecox Two Shades Pink . . Rose and Carmine , Mauve Wliite Paul's Improved Tilemly varieties T^lemly White Tilemly Pale Primrose Telemly Apple Blossom Telemly Maroon Telemly Pink Telemly Indigo Blue Telemly Blue and Red Telemly Purple Telemly Red and White ... Telemly Pale Pink Telemly Violet Telemly Cerise Telemly Lavender and Pinlc . Telemly Mauve Telemly Lavender Telemly Red Self Telemly Red Bieolor Telemly Purple and Maroon. Arkwrighf s Tilemly varieties 1 1 1 I II I in 109 1 10 107 124 105 lOI 92 85 104 94 160 218 94 102 94 95 93 88 93 89 95 90 95 93 91 93 91 93 93 95 92 96 92 96 9« 98 98 102 93 102 95 107 lOI 107 98 102 94 98 DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES In the following descriptions of winter-flowering sweet peas and such other kinds as are used for forcing, the A-arieties are classified according to the form of the standard into two groujjs — open and hooded. Each group is subdivided into its leading colors by the marginal divisions. The white A^arieties are arranged in groups according to color of the seed — white seed and black seed. The year gi^^en is that in which the variety was introduced. The Repertoire de Couleurs was used as the standard chart in determining the colors of the flowers. Bulletin 319 Hooded Open Fig. 174. — Classification according to the form of the flower OPEN FORM CHRISTMAS WHITE White (White seed) Originated by Zvolanek, 1905. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, white, open-form, notched standard, dwarf growth. Synonym — This is Florence E. Denzer. FLORENCE E. DENZER Originated by Zvolanek, 1902. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, dwarf growth, medium easXy. Valuable for market. Description in detail — Color snow-white 1-4 (2), the expanding flowers greenish white 1-2 (15). Open-form, flat, notched standard, long, narrow wings. Flowers two or three on stems of medium length, of good substance and fragrant. Plant dwarf, not over six feet. Seed white. Said to be a cross between Christmas Pink and Emily Hender- son in 1895. Registered as Miss Florence E. Denzer, December 15, 1902. Comparison — This variety is a month later than Watchung, Snowbird, and Earliest White. In the open it was a week later. Synonym — Christmas White is the same variety. WiNTEk-i'ijjWEKiNi; Sweet Peas O37 MONT BLANC Originated by Beraaiy, 1900. Donated by Boddin^ton. Description in brief — Mediir.v size, ]uirc white, open-lorm, notched standard, midseason, d\\'arf s^rowth. Comparison — Siinilar to Florence E, Denzer. TELEMLY WHITE Originated by . Donated by Paul. Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, mid- season variety of dwarf growth. Remark — This \'ariety has white seeds and genninated very poor!}-, giving two plants from ten seeds. Comparison — Similar to Florence E. Denzer. TELEMLY WHITE Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Large size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, midseason variet}', of tall, vigorous growth. Remark — This white contains a variety of hooded fonn similar to Dorothy Eckford. Comparison — During both seasons this variety was distinctly larger than any other white variety. EARLIEST WHITE White (Black seed) Originated by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1906. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, dwarf growth. Valuable because of its extreme earliness. Description in detail — Fully open flower milk-white 2-3 (ii); wings and standard have no trace of color except in the young bud. Open-form, fiat, notched standard, wings long and broad. Flowers one to three on short medium stems, substance good, fragrant. An early and free bloomer. Plant dwarf, under six feet, begins to bloom when eighteen inches high. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed large, round, and black. Remark — Both seasons, under glass, this variety and its synonyms were three weeks earlier than any other \-ariety, and in the open ground they were one week earlier than Mont Blanc. Comparison — This varietur is similar to Snowbird and Watchung. 63S Bulletin 3 19 SNOWBIRD Originated by . Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. Comparison — Similar to Earliest White and Watchung. WATCHUNG Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. Comparison — Very similar to Earliest White. CANARY Primrose Originated by . Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, earl}' variety. Description in detail — Color of opening standard is cream-j'ellow 2 (30), fades to creamy white 2 (10); wings yellowish white 3 (13), fading to creamywhite i (10). Flower opcn-foriTi, with flat, notched standard, wings long, broad, and concealing the keel. Gro\vth not tall, under six feet. Comparison — Opens deeper yellow and not quite so large as Burpee's Earliest Sunbeams and Telemly Primrose. Standard erect and flat, while those of the last-named variety often reflex on the edges. Plant grew taller than other primrose varieties. EARLIEST SUNBEAMS Originated by Burpee, 1904. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, dwarf growth, early variety. Description in detail — Color yelloAvish white 1-2 (13), black deeper shade, wings sHghtly Ughter. Open-form, notched standard, long, broad wings. Flowers one to three on medium stems, substance good, rrKxierately fragrant. Early and free bloomer. Plant not tall, under six feet. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed white. Comparison — This A^arietA' is similar to Telemly Pale Primrose, and was introduced prior to it. TELEMLY PALE PRIMROSE Originated by Arlcwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, primrose, notched standard, early variety. Comparison — Similar to Earliest Sunbeams. Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 639 TfiLEMLY PINK Pink Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Descri ption in brief — Bright pink, medium size, open-fonn, notched standard, moderately vigorous grower, midseason. Description in detail. — Color of the standard as it opens is bright purple- rose 2-3 (150) or Rose Neyron red i (119), changing to pale lilac-rose 2 (130); wings mauve-rose i (153). Flower open-form, notched stand- ard, with large, long, broad wings. Stems long and strong. Fragrant. Midseason. Plant a moderate grower. Remark — One of the most beautiful pink varieties in the collection, but is not fixed. ZVOLANEK'S PINK Originated by Zvolanek, 1910. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — A large, open, soft pink flower. Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1-2 (119); wings lilac-rose i (152) or paler. Flower large, open-fonn, and borne on stems of niediuni length and strength. Fragrance moderate. Good substance. Plant inedium height, slender, but a very profuse bloomer. MRS. W. W. SMALLEY Cream pink Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, soft pink, open-form, late variety. Description in detail — Color of the standard, rosy flesh i (134); wings pale flesh i (136). Flower medium size, open-form standard soine- times with a faint notch, flat; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Season late. Plant a moderately vigorous grower, medium height. Comparison — A Christmas or winter-flowering open-form Venus. Registered with the Society of American Florists, March, 1906. TELEMLY APPLE BLOSSOM Bicolor Originated by Arkwright, Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, flushed pink on light primrose standard, wings light primrose. An early variety. Description in detail — Color milk-white 4 (11), standard flushed with pink 4 (7), in the center with milk-white edges. AVings milk-white. Variable in color and in size. Open-form, notched standard, wings large, long, and broad. Flowers on medium long stems, fragrant. Pro- ductive. Plant dwarf, under six feet, slender growth. Leaflets narrow and pointed. 640 Bulletin 319 Remark — Fulh* one half rogues, one with a red standard and pink wings, the other an inferior \'ariety witli purple standard and blue wings. CHRISTMAS PINK Originated by Zvolanek, 1899. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, oi5en-form, early variety. Vcr}' valuable market variety grown under glass. Description in detail — Under glass, color of standard is deep cerise 4 (123), wings are lilacy white i (7). Open-form standard notched, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on long, strong stems. Very ])roductive. Remark — This \-arietA' under glass was three weeks later than Earliest of All and other A'arieties, and in the 0]jen ground was one week later. Comparison — Similar in color to Blanche Ferry, Earliest of All, and others, but much superior to these A'arieties in every respect except in earliness. BLANCHE FERRY Introduced by Fen-y, 1S89. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, extra earh', open-form, notched standard, short stems, plant a poor grower in midwinter. Remarks — An old forcing variety, but superseded by Christmas Pink. Not productive from NoA^eniber to March, and stems too short. EARLIEST OF ALL Originated by Gould. Sent ont by Burpee, 1S9S. Dojiated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched standard, extra early variety. Remark — This A^ariety was in every respect similar to Blanche Ferry and Reseleeted Earliest of All. Comparison — Similar in color to Christmas Pink and Telemh? Red and White, but much earlier. Not equal to those varieties for growing under glass in midwinter. RESELECTED EARLIEST OF ALL Introduced by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Burpee. Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched standard, short stems, extra early, plant a weak grower under glass. Comparison — One j'ear of trial under glass showed that this variety was not so vigorous as, and was no earlier than, Earliest of All. In the open ground this variety came into bloom on the same day as Blanche Ferry and Earliest of All. Winter-flowering vSweet Peas 641 TELEMLY RED AND WHITE Originated by Ark\vrii,'ht. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Mcdnmi size, open-fomi, red and white, notched standard, productive, midseason, very vigorous variety. Description in detail — Flower opcn-fomi, flat, notched standard, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on very- long, strong stems. Very productive. Plant tall, vigorous grower, over ten feet. Comparison — vSimilar to Christmas Pink. TELEMLY PALE PINK Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — IMediiun size, pinli standard and primrose wings, open-form, strong grower. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve rose i (15,3); wings lilac}^ white 3 (7). Flower open-fonn, notched standard, medium size, wings long and brocLd, concealing the keel. Flowers medium size, two and three on long, strong stems, fragrant. IMidseason. Plant vigorous, tall, OA'cr eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very dark green. Comparison — Superior to Telcmly Apple Blossom, as it has larger flowers, is a stronger grower, and is a pure stock. Is distinct from that variet}', howcA'cr. CHRISTMAS METEOR Crimson and Scarlet Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-fonn, notched standard, midseason, dwarf grower. Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red i (114), wings rosy magenta i (169) changing to magenta 2 (1S2J. Flowers open- fomi, medium size, short stems. Standard notched at the top and with narrow iDase; Avings long and broad, hooded, concealing the keel. Producti\'c. Continuous bloomer. Midseason. Plant moderately tall grower, six fed. Under glass Avas a fi.xcd variety. Comparison — Distinct from Flamingo. Telcmly Red Bicolor has a similar flower, but is later. Meteor is winter-flowering Ignea. In the open ground the flower blackens as does that variety, and the same rogue occurs in it. Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. TELEMLY RED SELF Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium .size, red, open-form, notched standard, late. 642 Bulletin 319 Comparison — Similar to Christmas Meteor, but in the experiments at this station it was later-flowering. TELEMLY TWO SHADES PINK Originated by . Donated by Paul. Description — This variety was so badly mixed that it was absolutely impossible to determine the true variety. The best thing in it was a red similar to Meteor, and so the ^'ariety has been included here There was no other with two shades of color except a few plants of Blue and Red Telemly, and one plant of Red and White Telemly. The majority of the plants produced flowers of a lilacy white or faint blush pink, but of very inferior form. te'lemly red bicolor Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, red bicolor, open-form, notched standard. Description in detail — See Telemly Rose and Carmine. TELEMLY ROSE AND CARMINE Originated by . Donated by Paul. Description in brief — Small to medium size, red, open-fonn, midseason variety. Description in detail — Standard carmine lake 2 (121), and wings rosy magenta 2 (169). Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long and narrow, hooded. Variable in size, upper flowers on the spike are noticeably smaller. Stems long. Midseason. Comparison — This is similar to Arkwright's Telemly Red Bicolor. CHRISTMAS RED Rose and Carmine Originated by . Remark — Mr. AVilliam Sim (in Horticulture, Vol. VII, No. 19, Mav 9, 190S, p. 62S) says that this variety is identical with Flamingo. FLAMINGO Originated by . Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-form, midseason variety of short growtli. WiNTER-FLOWERINC SwEET PeAS 643 Description in detail — Color crimson-red i (i 14), farlino- to 3-4 (118); wings ros3' magenta 1-2 (169), changing to magenta 4 (1S2). Flower open-form, notched in top of standard, the edges of \\'hich reflex; wings spreading, slightly hooded at tips. Flowers likely to rtm below medium size. Stems short. Little or no fragrance. A productive midscason variety. Plant of short growth, imdcr six feet, with narrow, pointed leaflets. A piure stock. T^LEMLY CERISE Cerise Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — A medium-sized, red variety. Description in detail — Color is far from cerise, being in these experiments a solferino red i (157) on the standard, wings bishop's violet i (189). Flower open-fomi, notched standard and small size. Season late. Plant a moderate grower. Purity — Badly mixed, with one half the plants Teleml)' Mauve, Telcmly Pale Pink, and Telemly Pink. TELEMLY LAVENDER Lavender Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — A medium-sized, lavender variety. Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope i (18S) and of wings heliotrope i (198). Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. Season medium to late. Not a vigorous variety here. LAVENDER AND PINK Originated by Arkvioight. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, lavender, open-form, late variety. Description in detail — Color of the standard lilac-rose i (152) fading to lilacy white i (7), leaving the base lavender-blue; wings lavender- blue I (204), fading to almost white. Flowers medium size, open-form. Standard flat, notched. Wings long and broad. Season late. Plant a medium grower. Purity — Contains Red and White, also Purple and Maroon. TELEMLY MAUVE Mauve Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, mauve, open-form, late variety. 644 Bulletin 319 Description in detail — Color of the opening standard bright triolet 4 (198), changing to heHotrope i (iSS); wings open bright violet i (198), change to Parma violet i (200). Flower open-form, faintly notched, flat standard; wings long and broad. Flowers medium size, on long stems. Fragrant. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous grower, over eight feet. Purity — Contains a hooded fomi, also an early-flowering, waved, blush pink. Comparison — Can be called an open-form Mrs. Alexander Wallace. Differs from that variety in the open form, deeper violet in the opening flowers, and deeper blue of the wings. TELEMLY MAROON Maroon (Driginated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, maroon, open-form, midseason, strong-growing variety'. Description in detail — The color is not found in the Repertoire de Couleurs; that of the standard is nearest 4 (172), but the wings are slightly purplish near 2 (1S5) and the keel is shaded bishop's violet 4 (189) on white. The cft'ect is the color popularly called maroon. Flower open-fomi, notched standard, size medium. Stems long. Plant a vigorous grower. Comparison — Distinct from Praecox Maroon. MISS HELEN M. GOULD Striped Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe, open-form, midseason, short grower. Description in detail — Striped and flaked with lilacjr white i {7) to pale light lilac I (187) on white ground. Wings creamy white 4 (10), fading to white. Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long and narrow. Flowers medium size on short to medium stems. Plant a short grower, under six feet. Comparison — Of Earliest White type. VARIEGATED Originated by Z^'olanck. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe on white, open-fomi, early variety. VVINTER-FLOWEklNL; SwEET PeAS 645 Description in detail — vStandard hea\'ily striped and flaked lilac-purple 4 (160) on white; wings fleshy white i (9). Flowers open-fonn, medium size, on short stems. Standard notched at the top, with narrow base. Plant a short grower, under six feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very dark green. Comparison — This is Mrs. Zvolanek, 1909. MRS. ZVOLANEK Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — Medium size, red striped on white, open-fomi, early variety. Remark — This variety was grown in Kjio-ifjii; catalogued as a Blue Variegated. Comparison — This variety was received under the name " Variegated " in 1909. CHRISTMAS CAPTAIN Violet and Purple Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Abo\'e medium size, maroon-red standard and blue wings, open-form, early A'ariety. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 2 (172) or vinous mauve 4 (1S4), with veins of darker color; wings light bluish violet I (202). Flower open-fonn, standard with notched top, reflexed edges, and narrow base, wings long and narrow, concealing the keel; size above medium, on medium long stems. Fragrant, very productive and earh'. Plant a moderate grower, seven feet. Leaflets narrow and pointed. Purity — vStock is unfixed. Li ojjen ground it broke up into six varie- ties. Said to be impos.sible to fix. T^LEMLY BLUE AND RED Originated by ilrkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size or slightly larger, maroon-red standard and blue wings, open-form, midseason variety. Description in detail — Opening standard deep cannine-violet ,^ (174), veins and midrib rich pansy- violet 4 (191). The standard changes to a deep purple i (184). The wings open violet-purple i (192), veins 4 (192), change to li.ght bluish violet i (202). Flowers open-form, medium size or slightly larger. Standard slightly notched, flat; wings long, hooded, concealing the keel. Comparison — Somewhat on the order of Christmas Captain, but has brighter standards and is a fixed stram. 646 Bulletin 319 T^LEMLY PURPLE AND MAROON Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Medium size, maroon-red with dark blue wings, open-form, early variety. Description in detail — Color of the standard is nearest to plum- violet 3 (172), but is brighter; wings near 4 (194), or bluer. Comparison — The standard is similar in color to the standard of Blue and Red Telemh^ but the wings are dark blue, instead of light blue as in that variet)'. HOODED FORM MRS GEORGE LEWIS White (White seed) Originated by Zvolanek, 190S. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. Description in brief — Medium to large, pure white, sHghtly hooded, moderate grower. Fig. 175. — Ttie wliitc-floioenng sweet pea, Mrs. George Lewis Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 647 Description in detail — Color snow-while 1 (2), sli,t;htly hooded fomi, some flowers appronehiiii^' tlje \\'a\'ed form. Standard round, no notch, wings long and narrow. Flowers one to three on medium stems, sub- stance under glass not equal to Watchung. Very mildly and sweetly perfumed. Plant of moderate growth. Leaflets narrow and pointed. Seeds white, a large number split, and one of the most diffleult kinds to gerininate. Must be carefully handled. PRAECOX WHITE Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. Description in brief — Medium-sized flower, late, white, extremely hooded, very long, strong stem, tall grower. Dcscri ption in detail — Flower extremely hooded, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Moderately fragrant. Flowers three, medium size, on \'erv long, strong stems. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous grower, nine feet, with broad leaA^cs. Seed white, but germinated well. Comparison — A distinct variety. JACK HUNTER Primrose Originated by Z^-olanek, iqoS. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Medium size, dwarf growth, late. Color salmon- pink, hooded. Description in detail — Color under glass, pale pink 4 (135) wings. Much hooded so that top of standard appears pointed, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers medium size, on long stems. Substance good. Free bloomer, and fragrant. Plant short, under six feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and ycvy dark green in color. Seed black. Comparison — Appears to be Christmas-flowering Stella Morse. Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. MRS. F. J. DOLANSKY Pink Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description tn brief — Light pmk self, extremely hooded, strong grower, late variety. Description in detail — Color in midwinter Ught rose i (12S), but later is mauve-rose 2 (i.vO- Flower is extremely hooded, making apparent size smaller than the real. Stems of medium length. Plant tall grower, over seven feet, harrow, pointed leaflets. A true stock. 648 Bulletin 319 Comparison — This A'ariety is superior to Christmas Enchantress. Is Christmas-flowering Prima Donna. Registered with the Society of American Florists, April, 1906. CHRISTMAS ENCHANTRESS Originated by ZA'olancl^. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Light pinl^ self, extremely hooded tj'pe, dwarf growth, midseason. Description in detail — Color mauve-rose i (153). Extremely hooded fomi, giA'ing standard a pointed appearance and reducing flower below medium size. Shows too many side notches. Free bloomer, with medium stems, fragrant. Plant dwarf grower, five feet. Leaflets narrow and pointed. Comparison — Inferior to Mrs. F. J. Dolansky. Is Christmas-flowering Blushing Beauty. Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. J. K. ALLEN Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — A large pink flower. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1-4 (154); wings lilac-white, suffused with lilac-rose 1-3 (7). Flower large, hooded, and borne on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrance inoderate. Substance good. Plant medium height and moderately productive. GOVERNOR FORT Cream Pink Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Z\-olanek. Description in brief — Salmon-pink self, hooded late. Description in detail — Medium-sized flowers on long stems, nicely hooded. Color pale lilac-rose '4 (130). Moderately fragrant, late. Plant is strong grower but of medium height, with ^-ery dark green leaves. Comparison — Superior to Mrs. AA^illiam Sim in color and fonn. Registered with the Society of American Florists as GoATrnor John Frank- lin Fort, May, 1908. MRS. WILLIAM SIM Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Salmon-pink, hooded form, medium size, tall, \'igorous grower. Late. WixTicR-i-LuwiiRiNi: S\\-ei-:t Peas 649 Description in detail — Standard Ijrii^ht rose i (12S), wings crushed straw- berry 1 (100) \'eined with Rose Neyron red i dig). Extremely hooded fonn, gi\'ini;' standard pomtcci aijpcaranc-e and reducing size. Stems long. Very vigorous, tall grower, o\'er nine feet. Leaflets narrow and pointech Stock tnie. Comparison — Christnias-flowering Countess of Lathom. Registered with the Society of American Florists, April, igo6. RED SEEDLING Crimson and Scarlet Origi)iatcd by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanck. Description in brief — Red, extremely hooded flowers, on long stems. A \'igorous grower. Midscason. Deseri ptioii in detail — Color of standard brighter than amarante red, or dull dark crimson 3-4 (16S); wings rosy magenta 2 (i6q), changing to magenta i ( 182). Flowers are of the extremely hooded form, appear- ing to Vje of onh' medium size due to pointed standard, which is not notched; wings large and spreading, showing the keel rather jjrominentl}'. Midseason. MRS. E. WILD Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Carmine-pink. Very late. Description in detail — Standard nearh' crimson-carmine 4 (159), wings on outside i (i5()) but inside much lighter. Wings very large, long, broad, and spreading, exposing the keel, and often extending beyond margin of the standard. Fragrant. Ver\' late. Stems large and strong. Registered with the Society of American Florists, Fcin-uary, 1906. MRS. J. F. HANNAN Rose and Carmine Originated by Zvolanck, 1909. Donated by Zvolanck. Description in brief — Aledium size, camiine-netted, hooded variety. Description in detail — Color of standard Tyrian rose 2 (155); wings violet rose 3 (154J. In summer the color is .solferino red i (157). Flowers on long, strong stems, fragrant, midscason, profuse bloomer. Plant a A-ery strong, A-igorous groAver, making a dense, heav^' growth, over nine feet. Leaflets narrow and pointed. AVings long, broad and concealing the keel. Parentage — Seedling from Airs. AVilliam Sim and Mrs. E. Wild. Synonym — Marian Hannan. Registered with the Soeict\- of American Florists, Aiml 21, 1906. 6so Bulletin 319 MARIAN HANNAN Originated by Zvolanek, 1 90S . Synonym — Mrs. J. F. Hannan, 1909. PINK BEAUTY Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — "Dark pink self," hooded, midseason. Description in detail — Color of standard T^'rian rose 2 (155), wings violet rose 3 (154). Standard hooded, round, broad base; wings long, broad, hooded, and concealing the keel. Flowers on verj' long, strong stems. Productive. Fragrant. Plant very strong grower, above eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Comparison — This year it does not differ from Mrs. J. F. Hannan. In April, 1910, the latter variety contained more of a salmon tint. PRAECOX CARMINE Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. Description in brief — Camiine-nctted, hooded, late variety. Fig. 176. — Praecox Car Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 651 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine, 3 (159) on tlie front and 4 (159) on the back. Sometimes a solid color, sometimes the spaces between the netting arc lighter. Wings are almost pure mauve 2 (180). With age the flower changes, the standard losing its crimson, becoming magenta, while the wings become a sickly purple hue. The standard is hooded and the wings are large and broad. The flower is medium to large, on long stems. Fragrant. Productive. Plant tall, vigorous grower. Comparison — Distinctly a deeper crimson than Mrs. Hannan or Pink Beauty. CHRISTMAS COMTES Lavender Originated by Zvolanek. Description in detail — When registered, described as "Clear lavender, average three flowers on a stein, plant five feet high, stems long. Improved Christmas and New Countess." Comparison — "Lavender, similar to Countess of Radnor but much larger." — Florists' Exchange 22 (1906), p. 97. Registered with the Society of American Florists, December, 1901. T^LEMLY MAUVE Originated by . Donated by Paul. Description in brief — A light lavender, hooded variety. Description in detail — Color of opening standard is bishop's violet i (1S9), changing to lobeha blue i (205); wings open bright violet 4 (198), changing to ageratum blue i (201). Comparison — Similar to Countess of Radnor. Remark — This variety is not of the winter-flowering type, but is an outdoor variety which when sown in September or October does not flower until April. PRAECOX MAUVE Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, ver\' late. Description in detail — Color of flower heliotrope i (iSS), changing to bright violet 2 (198). Flower medium size. Plant vigorous and productive. Comparison — Distinct from Mrs. C. H. Totty because it has A'cry much less violet in the opening flower and becomes a truer lavender. MRS. CHARLES H. TOTTY Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, midseason. 652 5ULLETIN 319 Description in detail — Color of the opening standard is bright violet I (198), and wings agcratum blue i (201); changes to a light lavender- blue, much lighter than i (204), and wings fade to Panna violet i (200), with white edges. In midsummer it is more heliotrope as it opens. Flowers hooded, occasionally with side notches. Stems long and strong. Fragrant. Plant a tall, vigorous grower, over nine feet. Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Lady Grisel Hamilton. GREENBROOK Mauve Originated by Zvolanek, 190S. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Lavender blush on white ground. Description in detail — Color, standard shaded in center with bright violet I (19S) on white (2) ground; wings are white (2). Flowers slightly hooded, medium-sized on long stems; fragrant. Productive, earl^r. Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 190S. PRAECOX DEEP MAUVE Originated by Engclmann. Donated by Engelmann. Description in brief — Deep mauve, extremely hooded, A^ery late. Fig. 177. — Praccnx Deep Mauve Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 653 Description in detail — Color of standard is \'iolet mauve i (195), changing to bright viok't i (198) witli edges iDluish lilac i (183); wings open heliotrope 1-2 (iSS), becoming almost lobelia blue i (205). Fli")wer extremely hoocied, large-sized, on long stems. Plant tall, strong, vigorous grower, over nine feet; leaves broad and pointed. Comparison — Distinct. MISS JOSIE REILLY Originated by ZA'olanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Lilac, with lavender wings. Description iti detail — Color of standard \-iolet-rose 1-2 (154), fading to ]5ale lilac-rose i (17S) with paler edges; wings lighter than ageratum blue I (200). Flower of open form, trace of notch at the top of the ■ standard, wings long, l)road, and concealing the Iceel. FloAvers medium- sized, on moderately long stems, late. Plant is a moderate grower, under six feet. Registered with the Soeiet}' of American Florists, April 21, 1906. MRS. ALEXANDER WALLACE Originated by ZA'olanek, 1907. Donated by ZA'olanek. Description in brief — I.vavcnder, hooded, medium-sized flower, and a vigorous grower. Alidseason. Description, in detail — Standard opens bishoij's A'iolct i (iSg), changes to ageratum blue i (201). Wings open heliotrr)pe i (1S8) and change to Panna A'iolet 4 (200). Flower extremely hooded, making a pointed standard; wings hooded, concealing the keel. Fragrant. Free bloomer. Stems long. Midseason. Comparison — Same color as Wallacea. Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. WALLACEA Originated by Zvolanek, i90(;. Donated by Z\'olanek. Description in brief — Lavender, midseason. Comparison — This is a l^etter strain of Mrs. Alexander A¥allaee. PRAECOX MAROON (Lathyrtis odoratns Praccox) Maroon Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engclmann. Description in detail — Color is not found in Repertoire de Couleurs, but that of the standard is nearest 4(172), while wings are more jiurijlish, being nearest 4 (185); keel .shaded bishop's \'iolet 4 (189). Flowers of extremely hooded fomi, abo\-e medium size, on \'ery long stems. Plant verv vigorous grower, one of the tallest in the collection, OA-er ten feet. 654 Bulletin 319 Comparison — Distinct from Telemly Maroon. Remark — Contained Praecox Carmine as a rogue. NIGER Violet or Purple Originated by ZA'olanek. Donated by Zvolanel^. Description in brief — Deep, rich blue, hooded, medium size, and tall, vigorous grower. iXIidseason. Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy -A'iolet 4 (191), wings bright violet-purple 3 (190), changing to violet-purple i (192). Standard without notch, wings short and broad. Flowers medium-sized, very slighth" hooded, on very long stems. Productive. Plant tall, vigorous grower. Comparison — Distinct from other blues. Remark — Stock is mixed with Mrs. E. AYild. PRAECOX BLUE Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelniann. Description in brief — A blue-self, medium-sized, hooded variet}'. Description in detail — Sec AVilliam J. Stewart. Comparison — Similar to AVilliam J. Stewart. WILLIAM J. STEWART Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — Blue self, hooded, medium size. Productive. Early. Description in detail — Color of the standard as it opens is a purple- Adolet 2 (192), changing to bluish violet 4 (199); wings arc brighter than 4 (190), changing to Hght bluish A'iolet i (202). Standard some- times notched on the sides, wings long, OA"erlapping at tips, conceal- ing the keel. Plant very A'igorous, tall grower, ten feet. Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Imperial Blue. Registered with the Society of American Florists as Secretary AVilliam J. Stewart, March, 1906. TELEMLY VIOLET Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Blue self, medium size. Earlv. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-violet 3 (192), changing to bluish A'iolct 4 (199); wings light bluish violet 4 (202), changing to I (202). Standard hooded. Comparison — Similar to William J. Stewart. AViNTER-FLOWERING SwEET PeAS 655 TELEMLY PURPLE Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Deseription in brief — Purple, hooded, open-fomi, medium size, mid- season. Description in detail — Color of standard pvtrple 4 (185); wings bright violet-purple i (190), changing to bluish violet. Flower with a round standard and long, broad wings. Fragrant. Stems long. Profuse bloonrer. Plant tall, vigorous grower, over eight feet. BLUE BIRD Blue Originated by Zvolanck, 1910. Donated by Zvolanck. Description in brief — A blue self, hooded, large. Earh'. Description in detail — Color of the standard light bluish violet 3 (202), with lilac lower edges; wings light bluish A-iolet, without trace of lilac. Flower often opens with considerable Anolet. Extremely hooded, large- sized, on fairly long stems. Plant a moderate grower, over six feet. Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 190S. LE MARQUIS Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanck. Description in brief — Slightl}' hooded, indigo-blue color, medium size, strong grower. Midseason. Description in detail — Color of standard violet purple 2 (192); wings light bluish violet 3 (202). Slightly hooded, without notch. Flower medium-sized, on long stems. Plant a tall, strong grower, eight feet. Comparison — Telemly Indigo Blue is similar. Is Christmas-flowering Navy Blue. Registered with the Society of American Florists, Feliruarj', 1Q07. TELEMLY INDIGO BLUE Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. Description in brief — Slightly hooded, medium size, dark blue flower. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-purple i (192) at the base, shading to 4 (192) at the edge; wings darker than light bluish violet 4 (202). Comparison — Similar to Le Marquis. ZVOLANEK'S BLUE Originated by Zvolanek, 1910. Donated by Zvolanek. Description in brief — A large, hooded, clear blue flower. 656 Bulletin 319 Description in detail — Color of standard light bluish violet 1-2 (202); wings lavender-blue i (204); both veined with darker color. Flower large and hooded. Stem of medium length and strength. Fragrance moderate. Keeping quality A'erj' good. Plant of medium height and slender growth, and inclined to be a shy bloomer. ZVOLANEK'S ORANGE Orange Originated by Zvolanck, 1910. Description in brief — A medium-sized salmon-pink flower. Description in detail — Color of standard .salmon-pink (i) 126; wings light lilac-pm-ple i (160), flushed salmon-pink. The wings and standard A^eined ^A'ith darker color. Flower medium-sized and hooded. Stem medium lengtli and strength. Has little or no fragrance. A good keeper. Plant medium height, slender, and a moderate bloomer. Comparison — "This can be represented as winter-flowering Miss Wil- mott." — Zvolanek's Catalog, igio. LIST OF ADDITIONAL VARIETIES The following variety namics are found in sweet pea lists or have been published : ANGELINO Originated by . Description in brief — "Self pink." — Vaughan's Book for Florists, July, 1 9 10. Comparison — This variety as seen at ^h. Sim's place is the variety Earliest of All. " HELEN KELLER Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Description in brief — "White and pink variegated." — Zvolanek's Catalog, 1909, p. S. MARION STANIFORD Originated by Zvolanck. Description in brief — "Standard maroon, wings blue. Seedling from Christmas Captain .\ No. 93. Registered with the Society of American Florists, April 21, 1906." SNOW QUEEN Originated by Zvolanck. Litroduced by Zvolanek, 1909. Description in brief — "Pure white. Entirely new tv]ie of sweet peas. The shape is between Countess Si.)cnccr and Unwin tvpes; flowers just as freely as Florence E. Denzer or ]Mrs. Ceorge Lc\A-is. Black-seeded." — Z\'(ilanck-'s Catalog, igo(), p. S. SEPTEMBER, 1912 BULLETIN 320 CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Department of Horticulture SWEET PEA STUDIES— III CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA By ALVIN C. seal ITHACA, N. Y. PUBITSHEn BY THE UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Experimenting Staff LIBERTY H. BAILEY, M.S., LL.D., Director. ALBERT R. MANN, B.S.A., Secretary and Editor. JOHN H. COJISTOCK, B.S., Entomology. HENRY H. WING, M.S. in Agr. , Animal Husbandry. JOHN CRAIG, M.S. in Agr., Horticulture. T. LYTTLETON LYON, Ph.D., Soil Technology. HERBERT J. WEBBER, M.A., Ph.D., Plant-Breeding. JOH.N L. STONE, B. Agr., Farm Practice and Farm Crops. JAilES E. RICE, B.S.A., Poultry Husbandry. BENJAMIN M. DUGGAR, M.S., Ph.D., Plant Physiolog>-. GEORGE W. CAV.\NAUGH, B.S., Chemistry. HERBERT H. WHETZEL, A.B., MA., Plant Pathology. ELMER O. FIPPIN, B.S.A., Soil Technology. GEORGE F. WARREN, Ph.D., Farm Management. WILLIAM A. STOCKING, Jr., M.S.A., Dairy Industry. CHARLES S. WILSON, A.B.,M.S.A., Pomology. WILFORD M. WILSON, M.D., Meteorology. WALTER MULFORD, B. S. A. , F.E. . Forestry HARRY H. LOVE, Ph.D., Plant-Breeding Investigations. ARTHUR W. GILBERT, Ph.D., Plant-Breeding. DONALD REDDICK. A.B.. Ph.D., Plant Pathology. WILLIAM A. RILEY, Ph.D., Entomology. MERRITT W. HARPER, M.S., Animal Husbandry. J. A. BIZZELL, Ph.D.. Soil Technology. CLARENCE A. ROGERS, MS.A., Poultry Husbandry. GLENN W. HERRICK, B.S.A. , Economic Entomology. HOWARD W. RILEY, M.E., Farm Mechanics. CYRUS R. CROSBY, A.B. , Entomological Investigations. HAROLD E. ROSS, M.S.A., Dairy Industry. ELMER S. SAVAGE, M.S.A., Ph.D., Animal Husbandry. LEWIS KNUDSON, B.S.A. , Ph.D., Plant Physiology. KENNETH C. LIVERMORE, B.S. in Agr., Farm Management. ALVIN C. BEAL, Ph.D., Floriculture. MORTIER F. BARRUS. A.B. . Plant Pathology. C. C. HEDGES, A.B., Agricultural Chemistry. GEORGE W. TAILBY .Jr., B.S A. , Superintendent of Live Stock. EDWARD S. GUTHRIE, M.S. in Agr., Dairy Industry. PAUL WORK, B.S. , A.B., Olericulture. EDWARD R. MINNS, B.S.A. . Farm Practice and Farm Crops. JOHN BENTLEY, Jr., B.S., M.F., Forestry. LEE B. COOK, M.S. in Agr., Dairy Industry. MORRIS M McCOOL, M.S. in Agr., Ph.D., Plant Physiology. HARVEY L. AYRES, Superintendent of Dairy Manufactures. CLARA NIXON , Assistant in Poultry Husbandry. ElMMONS W. LELAND, B.S.A,, Soil Technology. CHARLES T. GREGORY, B.S. in Agr., Plant Pathology. WALTER W. FISK. B.S. in Agr., Dairy Industry. R. D. ANTHONY, B.S., B.S. in Agr. , Pomology. CLYDE E. LEIGHTY, B.A., Plant-Breeding. The regular bulletins of the Station are sent free to persons residing in New York State who request them. 658 •ft. ■5 PREFACE This study was befjun in the autumn of igog. It has been carried on continuously under glass during two winters, and outdoors in the summer of igio. A collection of the obtainable species of Lathyrns, as well as a very extensive collection of the varieties of sweet peas, was grown at Ithaca. In addition to the above the writer was enabled to study the exhibits of outdoor-grown sweet peas at the annual exhiljition of the National Sweet Pea Society at New York in Julj', igio, and of the wintcr- fiowering varieties at Boston in March, igii. The investigation was begun with a view of studying the various species of Lathyrns for the purpose of monographing them, and particularly of determining their value as ornamental plants. The studies on sweet peas included the evolution of the flower, as well as the preparation of careful descriptions and the detection and elimination of synonyms among pres- ent-day varieties. The descriptions of the garden varieties will appear in a later publication; those of winter-flowering varieties are included in Bulletin 3ig of this station. The author wishes to extend his thanks and grateful acknowledgments to Professor John Craig, who has given great encouragement, kindly advice, and all possible facilities for carrying on the investigation; to the National Sweet Pea Society for their coopjcration in the variety tests; to the United States Department of Agriculture for seeds of species of Lathyrns; and to the seedsmen of the United States and Great Britain who contributed seeds for the trials. Among the latter, mention should be made of the assistance rendered by Messrs. C. C. Morse & Co. in contributing a collection of ' seventy-two varieties, representing various types and old or obsolete varieties, for the study on the evolution of the sweet pea. C,S9 CONTENTS Paga Part I. The genus Lathyrus 66 1 Botany of the genus 66i Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus 663 Descriptions of the species 667 History of the cuhivated lathyrus 673 Descriptions of cultivated species 674 Part II. The sweet pea in botany and in horticulture 678 History of the sweet pea 67S Botanical history 678 British horticultural history 684 American horticultural history 691 Evolution 693 Pollination 695 Dwarf sweet peas 697 Varieties of cupid sweet peas 69S Unpopularity of the type 699 Garden culture of the sweet pea 700 The soil 700 The seed 701 Planting 702 Supports 706 Cultivation 709 Summary 710 Insects and diseases 710 Insects 710 Diseases 711 Exhibiting sweet peas 711 660 SWEET PEA STUDIES — III CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA Alvin C, Beal PART I. THE GENUS LATHYRUS BOTANY OF THE GENUS The g;enus Lathynis (a name used by Theophrastus for some leguminous plant) belongs to the important family Leguminosae, which embraces three suborders, eighteen tribes, and one hundred and twenty-seven genera of plants cultivated in North America. The suborder Papilioneac IS distinguished from the suborder Mimoseae in having irregular or z'ygomorijhic flowers, and from the suborder Caesalpineae in having papilionaceous flowers — that is, the standard outside the other petals, and enclosing them in the bud. Among the niost important genera that contain ornamental plants are TItermopsis, Liipimts, Labtirmtm, Genista, Cytisus, Cladrastis, Hedysarum, Lespedeza, Lotus, Dolichos, Pneraria, Erythrina, Apios, Centrosenia, Wisteria, Robinia, Clianthus, Swainsona, Caragana, and Glycyrrhiza. Then there are the genera of economic importance, Arachis, Onohrychis, Desmodium, Vicia, Pisitm, Lens, Phaseolus, Vigna, Mucnna, Glycine, Trifolium, Medicago, Melilotus, and Lidigofera. The plants of the tribe Vicia, which includes the genera Abrus, Lens, Vicia, Pisinn, and Lathynis, are typically climbing herbs, with evcnh' pinnate leaves, which raise themselves by m^eans of tendrils at the tips of the petioles. The varieties of Phaseolus, the other tribe of typically climbing herbaceous plants, have twining stems and three leaflets. Abrus differs from the other genera of this tribe in haA'ing woody stems, and nine stamens instead of ten. Lens (lentil) has flowers with the wings adherent to the keel. Vicia (vetch), Pisuni (pea), and Lathynis are closely allied and somewhat difficult to distinguish. \^icia is usually known by the sheath of the stamens being oblique at the mouth, and the style being slender and bearded at the apex or only around the upper part; Pisttm and Laihyrus have the stamen sheath even at the mouth, but are distinct from each other in that in Pi sum the calyx lobes are leafy 66 1 662 Bulletin 320 and the style is flattened laterally and bearded down the inner edge, while in Lathyrus the style is flattened on the back and front and is bearded down one face. The flowers of Lathyrus are solitary or racemose, on long, axillary peduncles. The calyx is oblique, campanulate, five-parted, the teeth nearly equal or the upper two shorter than the lower. The corolla con- sists of five parts. The upper, or odd, ix-tal, known as the vexillum, or standard, is larger than the others and encloses them in the bud. There is a notch at the apex and ordinarily a short claw. The forni is broadly obovate or roundish and the petal is usually turned backward or spreading. The colors are dark blue or purple, violet, rose, white, or yellow. The two lateral petals, or wings, are falcate, obovate, or oblong, oblique and exterior to the lower two, which are shorter, incurved, conni^'ent, and more or less coherent along their anterior edge, forming the keel, or carina. The keel encloses the stamens and pistil. The stamens are diadelphous (9 and i), or monodelphous below. The style is curved, sometimes twisted, flattened, hairy along the inner side (next the free stamen) ; ovary sessile, or stalked with numerous ovules, becoming a one-celled pod. This is flat or terete, dehiscent, two-valved, continuous between seeds. The seeds are globose or angular, with a hard, smooth testa. The radicle is curved inward. The cotyledons are accumbent. The plants are herbaceous vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnate, mostly tendril-bearing leaves. The old genus Orobiis, which originally was created to include all the erect forms without tendrils, has since been included in the genus Lathyrus by Bentham and Hooker and by later botanists. Species of Lathyrus are found in Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Sicily, and North and South America. The genus is generally divided into two sections : 1. Eiilathyrus {irom eu, vfcW, and lathyrus; genuine species). Vexillum toothless at the base. Leaves opposite or wanting. Petioles narrow- winged. 2. Clymenum {clymenos, clear). Vexillum furnished with a conical gibbosity on each side at the base. Lower petioles leafless; upper ones bearing two to six usually alternate leaflets. Petioles usually winged. Horticulturally the species may be divided into perennial and annual species. The following classification of the species is based in part on the artificial key to the American species, published by Theodore G. White in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. XXI, 1894; Culture of the Sweet Pea 663 Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus I. Habit climbing, leaves tendri' -bearing. A. Eidaihyrus. B. Annuals. C. Petioles leafless. L. aphaca L. L. Nissolia L. CC. Leaflets one pair. D. Stems wingless. L. piisillus Ell. L. siibulat'iis Lain. L. inconspicitns L. L. sphaericits Retz. L. micranthiis Gerard. L. angtdatus L. L. leptophylliis Bieb. L. setif alius L. L. hirtus Lam. DD. Stems winged. L. sativits L. L. cicera L. L. hirsut'its L. L. anniiiis L. L. odoratus L. L. Tingitanus L. CCC. Leaflets 2-3 pairs. L. clyinenoides DC. L. cirrhosus DC. L. turgidus Lam. L. purpurei-is Presl. L. ciliatus Guss. BB. Perennials. C. Leaflets one pair. D. Stipules narrow. E. Stems wingless. L. pratciisis L. L. tubcrosus L. L. sessilifolius Tenore. L. roseiis Stev. L. tomentosus Lam. L. sericcus Lam. 664 Bulletin 320 I. Habit climbing, IcaA'cs tendril-bearing — {Continued). EE. Stems winged. L. sylvcstris L. L. pubcsceiis Hook. L. s^raiidifioriis Sims. L. rotiiudifolins Willd. L. iindiilaiits Boiss. DD. Stioules broad. E. Stems wingless. L. MagcUaiiiais Lam. L. iiervosiis Lam. EE. Stems winged. L. latifolius L. CC. Leaflets more than one pair. D. Steins winged. L. paliistn's L. L. Watsoui White. L. Jcpsoni Greene. L. lictcrophyllus L. DD. Stems wingless. E. Plant glabrous. F. Stipules large. G. Leaflets 2-5 (mostly 3) pairs. L. ochrolciiciis Hook. L. inyrtifoliits IMuhl. L. paucijioriis Fernald. L. parvi/Ioriis S. Watson. L. pisifoniiis L. L. Bolwiderii S. AVatson. GG. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. L. sulphnrcns Brew. L. Alcfcldii White. L. polypliylln^ Nutt. L. niaritunus Bigel. L. vcstitus Nutt. FF. Stipules narrow. L. lactijlorns Greene. L. splcihiciis Kellogg. L. dccapliyUns Pursh. L. violciccus Greene. L. coriaccHS White. Culture of the Sweet Pea 665 I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing — (Contiimed). FF. .Stipules narrow — {Continued). L. vcnosus Muhl. L. lou'^i pes White. L. graDiinifolins White. L. Macraci Hook. EE. Plant densely silky A'illous all OA'cr. L. lit oralis. AA. Clyiiiciiiiiii. L. Jiffiisns. L. clyuiciium L. L. articnlatus L. II. Plant ereet or nearly so, tendrils wanting or mueh reduced. (Orobus.) A. Peduncles 2-sevcral-flowered. B. Flowers white or x'ellowish. L. nioiitainis Bcrnh. L. .Arirjoiiiciis Britton. L. L'lisickii S. Watson. L. ubovatiis Torr. L. rigidus White. BB. Flowers purjde. C. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. L. oniatiis Nutt. L. Niitlallii S. Watson. L. iiigcr Bernh. L. Oregoiicnsis White. L. vermis Bcrnh. CC. Leaflets 1-2 pairs. L. bijugeitus White. AA. Peduncles i -flowered. L. Torreyi A. Gray. Previous to White's monograph only two attempts had been made to enumerate the species of the genus. The first was by Alefield (Bon- plandia, June, 1S60), who pjlaced all the American species in the genus Orobus; the second attempt was by Watson (Amer. Jour. Sci., Feb., 1S76), who enumerated thirteen siiecies. * * Mention should l.)C made of the more recent inonOh;raphs on the genus Laihyru^, namely: tlber einige Orobus-Arten und ihre geographische Vcrbreitung. Series I Lutei. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Viceen. Von Dr. Karl Fritseh. Sitzber, K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. Kl. CIV Band (iSgs). tjber einige Lathyrus-Arten aus dur Section Eulathyrus und dire geographische Verbreitung. August Ginzbergcr. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wlss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. Kl. CV Band (1896), pp. 281- 353, plates and maps. 666 Bulletin 320 Some one hundred and thirty other species, which are considered good by the Index Kcwensis but not inckided in the writer's classification, are as follows : Acittus, Albcrjilla, albits, Algeridus, AUardii, alpcstris, alfaiats, amoenus, aphylliis, Aniiciiais, aspJiodcloidcs, asiropliia, anrantiits, bijugiis, blephari- carpns, bradiydon, brachyptcrtts, BroKiiii, campcstris, caiiescens, cassitis, cliloraiilluis, ciccrcUa, cicerula. Liuctiis, coenilescens, colchicits, crassipes, cryopJiihis, cyaiicus, Davidii, dcbilis, dicirrhits, dielsianus, Dinklagei, divcrsifolius, Dnmuiiondii, ditmctonim. ccirrhosus, elegans, Emodi, Engel- mauiii, cpetiolaris, crcctus, Ewaldii, filijormis, fissiis, fridtcscens, Gold- steinac, Gorgoni, gracilis, gracillimiis, Graphiosa, helodes, hierosolyinitamis, hygropltylhis, inciiroiis, intricatns, italiciis, kilamandschariciis, laetifolius, laevigatns, lanceolatits, laucifolius, Layardii, Lcdeboitiiii, Icitcanthus, Libani, linearijolius, lusitanicus, liitcns, lycitis, mucrorrhizus, magniflorns, nialo- sanus, marmoratiis, MesscrscJimidtii, Mexicanus, microphylhis, miniatus, mollis, jMnlkak, multiccps, multiftonts, mittabilus, nervatus, iteurolobus, niteiis, Niimidiciis, occideutalis, ochraccus, ovalijoliiis, pallescens, pan- nonicits, parisicusis, Paryciszii, peutaphylliis, pisaster, ' platystylis, poly- anilws, psciido-aphaca, pterocaulos, pubcndiis, purpureo-coeridciis, quadri- marginatns, Saiibcrgii, Schmi pcrii, sciigcr, Shajjneri, sinensis, spathulatus, spatitlima, spcciosiis, spcctabilis, sicnobohis, stenophyllns, stipidaris, strictus, subandinits, subrotundus, Szouitsii, Tanakcc, tetrapterus, trachycarpiis, trachyspermus, trichocalyx, Utahensis, variabilis, varius, venetiis, villosus, vinealis, and Volckmanni. The Encyclopedia of American Horticulture describes sixteen species in the American trade. These are: odoratiis, Tingitaniis, grandiflorus, sylvcstris, rotiindifolitis, iindulatits, laiifoliiis, Alagellaniciis, paliistris, maritimus, veuosus, splcndcns, iiiontanits, polytnorphus, nigcr, and vermis. The writer has been unable to find niaritiiiius, iindiilaiiis, paliistris, splendcns, inontaniis, rotuiidifoliiis, polymorphiis, grandijlorits, and venosus in the present-day lists. Through the courtesy of Professor A. V. Piper, there has been received at this station the following reputed species from the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture: L. ciccra, L. sativns, L. sativiis aziireiis, L. sativiis coccinciis, L. sylvcstris, L. sp. (India), L. Tingitaniis, L. oclinis, L. praten- sis, L. ncrvostis, L. sp., and L. sp. (not nanied). The following species and varieties were rccei\'ed from dealers in seeds and plants : Lathyriis latifoUus, Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia Latliyrus latifoUus albiis, Henry A. Dreer Culture of the Sweet Pea 667 Latliyrits latifoliits White Pearl, Henry A. Dreer Lathynis latifoliiis Dclicata, Peter Henderson, New York Lathyrits latifoliiis rosciis, A. T. Boddington, New York Lathynis latifoliits Pink Beauty, A. T. Boddington Lathynis latifoliiis albtis, A. T. Boddington Lathyrits latifoliits Wliite, J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York Lathynis latifoliits Pink Beauty, J. M. Thorburn &- Co. Lathynis latifoliiis splcudciis, R. & J. Farquhar, Boston Lathynts latifoliiis Giant White, R. & J. Farquhar Lathynis latifoliits Perennial Pea, Red, James Vick's Sons, Rochester Lathyrits latifoliits Perennial Pea, Rose, James Vick's Sons Lathynts latifoliits Perennial Pea, AVliitc, James Vick's Sons Lathynis sylvcstris, J. AI. Thorburn & Co. Lathyrits piibescens, A. T. Boddington Lathynis grandiflonts, Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester Lathyrits Lord Anson's Blue, A. T. Boddington Lathynis Lord Anson's Blue, J. AL Thorburn & Co. Lathynts Lord Anson's White, J. AL Thorburn & Co. rob lis niger, J. AL Thorburn & Co. Orobiis laihyroides, J. AI. Thorburn & Co. Orobiis albits rosens, Henr}' A. Dreer Orobiis snperbus, Henry A. Dreer Orobits veniiis, Henry A. Dreer Orobtts vermis, R. & J. Farquhar Only a few of the above, nrostly annual species, flowered the first year. Descriptions of the species LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. Annual Stems branching, smooth, winged, 2 feet high; leaflets linear-oblong; tendrils trifid; stipules semisagittate-ovate, ciliated, not so long as the petioles; peduncles i-flowered, longer than the petioles (15— 2 inches long), bracteolate and articulate at the apex; calyx lobes lanceolate, foliaceous, almost three times length of tube; legumes ovate, short, broad, irregularly reticulated, winged on the back; seeds trigonal, smooth, trun- cate. Native of Spain, France, and Italy. Flowers blue, sometimes white, f-i inch in diameter. L. sativits, L. sativtts aziirciis, and L. sativits coccineus were found at this station to be a mixture of white and blue forms. 668 Bulletin 320 178. — Lalliynis saliviis L. LATHYRUS CICERA L. vStems smooth, 2 feet high, branching, winged; leaflets Hnear; tendrils branched; stipules semisagittate, narrow, much shorter than the petioles; peduncles i~2-flowered, length of the leaves; bracteolcs small; calyx segments lanceolate, nearly three times length of tube; legumes oblong, irregularly channeled on the back, not winged; seeds trigonal, truncate, smooth. Native of Spain. Flowers jDurplc or red, variable. LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS L. Stems winged, 2 feet high; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 3-ncrved; stipules semisagittate, linear, about equal the petiole in length; peduncles usually Culture of the Sweet Pea 669 2-flowerod; calyx hairy, segments ovate-acuminate, length of tube; legumes oblong, hairy; seeds globular, warted. Native of southern Europe, in Fig. 179. — Lalhyrus hirsiUiis L. grainficlds. Flowers with a bright crimson standard, pale blue wings and white keel. 670 Bulletin 320 Fig. 180. — Lalhynis Tingilaiiiis L. Ti'.ngicr scarlet pea LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. Rtenis sprcading-winged, quite glabrous, ,5 foot loi\g; leaflets linear- lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate; stipules lanceolate, much shorter than m Culture of the Sweet Pea 671 the petioles; peduncles 2-flo\vere(l, longer than the leaves; cah'x teeth nearly equal ; legumes linear, 4-5 inches long, much reticulated, compressed, sutures thick; seeds not angular. Nati\-e of the west Mediterranean region at Tangier. Flowers i inch long, dark red-purple : standard large, purple; wings and keel bright red. LATHYRUS ODORATUS L. Stems rough-hairy, winged o\-al or oblong, mucronate; stipules lan- ceolate, much shorter than the petioles; peduncle 2-4-flowered, much longer than the leaves; calyx teeth broad, longer than the tube; legumes compressed, Hnear, 1-3 inches, hairy; seeds round, sometimes angled, black, white, or mottled. Nati\'e of Sicily. Flowers large, showy, in shades of blue, red, yellow, and white. Standard large-expanded, hooded or wavy. LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. Stems 4-angled, wmged; petioles winged, lower ones leafless, upper ones with two leaflets; leaves glaucous; lower stipules wanting, upper ones ovate; peduncle i-flowered; calyx teeth unequal, superior lobes shortest, length of tube; legumes with membranous wings, few-seeded; seeds globular. NatiA'c of southern Europe, Flowers pale yellow. LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. Perennial Stems straggling, 3-5 feet, stout, winged, glabrous, with creeping rootstocks; petioles winged, with one pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets; stipules narrow; peduncles 3-6-flowercd, ecjualing the leaves; legumes compressed, reticulated, lanceolate, 2-3 inches long; seeds round, dotted. Native of Europe, in '^\'oods and hedges. Flower with one-half-inch-long standard: standard rose, with a green spot on the back; wings purple at the tips; keel greenish. LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. A soft, hairy, dift'use-branching herb; stems 3-5 feet high; stems, branches, and peduncles 4-angled, the angles forming stout ril^s; petioles with one pair, rarely two pairs, of leaflets, sessile, 1-25 inches long, oblong- lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, dark green, strongly ribbed beneath; stipules variable in size and form; peduncle longer than the leaA'cs, many-flowered in lax or dense racemes; calyx tube broadly cam|ianulate, upper teeth shorter; legumes linear, 2-25 inches long, hairy, flat; seeds A'cry small, ellipsoid. Native of South America, from Bolivia and southern Brazil to the Straits of Magellan. Flower variable in size, sometimes ij inch broad, violet-blue: standard round, notched at the tip, margins recurved, 672 Bulletin 320 A'iolet-bluc ; wings broad, siJreadiny;, pale lilac dorsally, nearly white in front; keel petals falcatel)' curAX'd, with red tips. Fig, 181. — La/hvnis ochnis DC. Cl'LTURE OF THE vSwEET PeA 673 LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. Seeds of this sriccics were received from two Ameriean seedsmen, hut they proved to be the amiual species, Lathynts sativiis L. The Cyclopedia of American Horticuhure describes this species as follows: " vStem 3-5 feet long, smooth, angled, somewhat branched; leaflets ovate or oblong- linear; tendrils branched; stinules cordate-sagittate, broad; peduncles long, 3-4-flowered; flowers dark purple-blue. June, July. Straits of Magellan A strong-growing, woody, almost evergreen species covered with a bluish bloom Var. albus Hort. ... is the white fomi." LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. Stems winged, 4-S feet, glabrous; leaflets one pair, ovate-lanceolate, rather glaucous, mucronate, 2-3 inches long; tendrils branching; stipules broad ovate; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves; legumes long, flat, reticulated lengthwise, 4-5 inches long; seeds roundish, smooth. Native of Em-ope, in woods. Flowers large, rose-colored, but horti- cultural varieties occur with white, dark purple, and striped flowers. LATHYRUS NERVOSUS LAM. Stems triangular, striated, 1-2 feet long; petioles with one pair of ovate, acute, mucronate, nerved, glaucous, glabrous leaflets, longer than the internodcs; petioles verjf short; tendril branches long; stipules sagittate, nearly two thirds size of leaflets, nerved; peduncles many-flowered; calyx teeth unequal, upper ones shortest; pod 25 inches, linear, glabrous, containing 7-S seeds; seeds irregular in form, brown, with smooth coats. Native of the region about Montevideo. Flowers large, purple. LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L. Stems smooth, tetragonal, 2-3 feet; petioles with one pair of oblong- linear or lanceolate leaflets; tendrils usually unbranched; stipules ovate, shorter than the leaflets; peduncles many-flowered, twice the length of leaves; calyx nerved, teeth nearly equal; legumes compressed, obliquely reticulated; seeds globular, smooth. Native of Europe, in moist mead- ows. Flowers yellow. HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED LATHYRUS The word " Lathyrus " is from the Greek da, la, augmentative, and Sovpoi, thotiros, anything exciting, having reference to the qualities of the seeds of certain species. In Europe the species of Lathyrus are known as "Gesse," the sweet pea being known as Gesse odorante. The French know the plant under this name, or occasionally as Pois odorante 674 Bulletin 320 and latterly as Pots de Sentetir. The common Gesse of central Europe is Lathyrns sativns. Of the one hundred or more species of Lathynis, very few are in cul- tivation. Some — as, for example, the sweet pea — are of ornamental value; others, such as Lathynis sativus, are of economic value as forage crops. The species are all propagated by seed, and the perennial species by division also. Occasionally cuttings haA^e been used, and possibly the method could be cxtensiA^eh^ adopted. With the exception of the sweet pea, which requires the best of soil and culture, the Lathyri are not exacting as to soil. Some of the perennial species appear to thrive in a rather poor, dry soil and are useful in covering banks. The perennial species have long, fleshy roots, and when estab- lished they thrive for years without special care. In fact, these species are best left alone. Descriptions of cultivated species LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. Blue-flowered lathj'rus, or chichling vetch. An annual species, of easy culture. The flowers are sky-lDlue [Repertoire de Couleurs, the standard and wings forget-me-not blue 2-3 (217), back of the standard hehotrope i (188)] or pure white. The plant grows to a height of 2 feet and flowers early and profusely. The season is not long, but probably successi^'e sowings would provide for a longer display of the bright blue flowers. At least two crops a year can be grown. Don has the following to say of this species, which is a native of Italy, Spain, and France and has probably been cultivated from the earliest times: " In several pans of the continent a light, white, pleasant bread is made of the flower of this pulse, but it produced such dreadful effects in the seventeenth century that the use of it was forbidden by an edict of George, Duke of Wtirttemberg, in 1671, which was enforced by two other edicts under his successor, Leopold, in 1705 and 17 14. Divemoy Fabbroni says that in 17 86 the government there cautioned the peasants against its use." The effect of the use of the bread or seeds was that men and animals suffered from a rigidity of the limbs, which came on suddenly without any previous pain. The disease was regarded as incurable. Swine, horses, and pigeons suffered in this wa.j, cattle grew lean; while poultry would not eat the food. Strange to relate, it appears that geese suftered no ill effects. It is recorded that if these seeds are mixed with one fourth or one half wheat flour, the bread made from them is harmless. The foregoing possibly explains the origin of the generic name. Culture of the Sweet Pea 675 LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. Tangier pea. This species is very distinet from the sweet pea, L. odoratus, and is sometimes cuhivated in gardens with other annuals. Its cuh.urc is similar to that of the sweet pea, but, while the flowers are freely produced, they lack the range of color and the agreeable fragrance of the sweet pea. The species begins to bloom with the earliest of the sweet peas, l;)ut experience last year at this station would indicate that it does not produce flowers o\'er so long a period. Success is dependent on prompt remo^'al of the pods, for they develop rapidly. This plant comes from northern Africa. LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. This species has pale yellow flowers, hence the common name, pale yellow pea. The plant was formerly known as Ochrus pallida Pers. Linnsus described it as Pisiini ochrus and De Candolle as Lathyrus ochnis, the latter being now the acceirted name. The species is of the easiest culture, but is not very showy nor attractive in bloom. It does not remain in bloom very long, but is of some interest botanically. LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. This species is inferior ornamentally to other species, but is of some value as a forage crop. It grows well on poor, sandy soil, which it impro\'es if plowed under. LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. One of the most ornamental species, but is not hardy. The flowers are a beautiful blue — in fact they are said to surpass Lord Anson's Blue — and are borne several in a cluster. The species was first culti\'ated by M. Andre in his garden at La Croix, France. The plant attains a height of 3 to 5 feet in culti\'ation. Early-sown seeds give plants that bloom the same season. This species may be increased from cuttings in the fall. In England the variety is apparently not hardy except in favored locations, and is recommended as a greenliouse plant. It was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society March 20, 1906. Color plates are found in The Garden, Vol. 54, p. 353, and in ReA^ue Horti- cole, 1S95, p. 40. The latter is a better representation of the color of our species. LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. In the old seed lists we find Lord Anson's Blue and Lord Anson's White. The plant most frequently sold under this name is Lathyrus satiims. The true species is a perennial, with woody stems 3 to 5 feet long bearing long, 3-4-flowered peduncles. The color is a purple-blue. 676 Bulletin 320 " The history of the species," says C. Wolley-Dod, " dates from the celebrated vo}'age around the world of Lord Anson in the ship Centurion in 1740-1744. The Centurion, with the crew in a dreadful condition from scurA^y, reached the southeastern point of South America in the beginning of March, 1741 (equivalent in our season to September). The weather was then mild and bright, and it seems to ha^^o been at the en- trance of the Strait Le Maire that this pea was first found." Martj-n's edition of Miller's Dictionary says of it: " Mr. Miller has a perennial pea, which he calls Pisiim Americanum, or Cape Horn pea, from its having been brought by Lord Anson's cook when he passed that cape, where this pea was a great relief to sailors ; but it is not so good for eating as the worst sort cultivated in England." The plant is known to gardeners from the beautiful portrait in Sweet's British Flower Garden, Series H, Table 344. It seems that after its cultivation in the Chelsea Garden it was lost until Sweet's time, when his illustration was made from a living plant in Messrs. Osborn's nur- series at Fulham. After this it was again lost sight of for a long time, until it was reintroduced in 1899. The Reverend Mr. Wolley-Dod saj^s that the plants do not prove to be really perennial. Sweet makes the suggestion that, being a maritime plant native of a very stormy coast, it may require sprinldings of salt. LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. One of the most valuable of the ornamental species, and the best known of the perennial species in this country. This plant is one of tlie best hardy perennials, being a vigorous, rank-growing climber bearing many- flowered peduncles in great profusion. The plant is suitable for co\-ering low treUises or as a cover for rough places, low walls, rocks, and banlurple standard, the remaining petals are sky-blue. These flowers haA'e a very pleasant smell." Commelin adopted Cupani's name for the plant. * Father Cupani was a very devout and learned monk and an enthusiastic naturalist. He was bom in 1657 and became a monk in 1681, his order being located in the vicinit\' of Panormi. In addition to the two purely botanical works mentioned above he prepared an illustrated natural history of plants, fishes, anunals, and so on, entitled " Pamph\-tum Siculum." This work was published in 1712. following the death of Cupani in 17 11. Culture of the Sweet Pea 679 The most noticeable thing about Commelin's drawing is the way in which the wings arc spread laterally, possibly due to the liberties taken by the artist, for we also discover a seed pod near the top of the stem above the flowers. Fig. 182. — The oldest drawing of the sweet pea, 1700. ComineHn's draw- ing in Hort-Medici Amstelodamensis Dr. Leonard Plukenet,* in his " Almagesti Botanici Mantissa " (1700), gives a description of the sweet pea. A dried specimen of buds, flowers, * Dr. Leonard Plukenet (1642-1706). Apothecary at Westminstf r. where he had a botanic garden. Became superintendent of the gardens at Hampton Court, and Rcyal Professor of Botany. Published several botanical works. 68o Bulletin 320 and leaves, preserved in Plukenet's Herbarium which forms a part of the Sir Hans Sloane Collection, is the oldest specimen of the sweet pea in existence. This specimen must date from about 1700 and undoubtedly came directly or indirectly from the garden of Dr. Uvedale. John Ray,* author of " Historia Plantarum Generalis " (1688-1704), describes in the third volume of this work, which appeared in 1704: " Lathyrus Major e Siciliae; a verj^ sweet-scented Sicilian flower, with a red standard; the lip-like petals surrounding the keel are pale blue. Its seed pod is hairy." In the same connection he refers to the plant as " Lathyrus distoplatyphyUos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno Acre odoratissimo purpureo." The last word has been added to Cupani's description on the authority of D. Sherard. In 1 7 13 Mr. Petiver mentioned the plant in the Philosophical Trans- actions, in a paper entitled " Botanicuni Hortense III " gi^dng an account of, divers rare plants observed that summer — A. D. 17 13 — in several curious gardens about London, particularly in the Society of Apothe- caries Physick Garden at Chelsea. Petiver calls the plant Lathyrus Siculus, citing Boerhaave's " Index Plantarum quae Horto Academico Lugduno Batavo " (17 10) as authority. The great Dutch naturalist considered his plant as identical with Cupani's L. distoplatyphyUos. Petiver describes the plants as coming from Sicily and having large, broad, sweet-smelling flowers, with a red standard (vexillum) and blue wing petals, or, as he describes them, " petalis labialibus," wrapping around the " rostrum," or young ovary. " This elegant sweet -flowered plant," continues Petiver, " I first obserA^ed with Dr. Plukenetf in Dr. Uvedale's most curious garden at Enfield, and since at Chelsea and elsewhere. Neither Gerard nor Parldnson mentions the plant, which n^iust have been introduced after their time." H. B. Ruppii, in " Flora Jenensis " (Francfort, 1718), places in a class of plants with irregular flowers, Lathyrus Siculus Ra^-ini, and states: " In gardens they generally call it the musk-scented Lathyrus (L. mos- chatum). Sometimes it varies with a white flower." Now if we examine Ravini's " Introductio Generalis" (Lipsiae 1690-1699), we find that he figures " Lathyrus Siliquis hirsutis A., annual." He merely calls attention to the hairy pods, and this reference is extremely doubtful since there is a L. hirsutis, which is an annual, with hairy cahoc and legume. Thus far all the authorities give Sicily as the original habitat of the sweet pea ; and the fonns then known were a variety with a red or purple standard and blue wings, and, according to Ruppii, a variety with white flowers. *John P.ay (1637-170S). One of the most distinguished of EnRlish naturahsts. .\uthor of many works, chiei of which was " Historia Plantarum." t Plukenet died in 1700, therefore this sentence doubtless refers to observations made between 1700 and 1706 and not to the summer of 1713. Culture of the Sweet Pea 6Si Burmann, in 1737, published his " Thesaurus Zcylanicus," wherein he mentions: " Lathyrus Zeylanicus odorato flore amocne ex albo et rubro vario, Nobis. Lathyrus Zcylanicus hirsutis flore variegate odorato Herb. Hart. This ]ilant differs from the L. odorato of Cupani only in the variety of the flower, and since it has been well described and set forth in Hort. Amst., part 2, p. 159, Fig. 80, we do not further describe it here, since also, in addition, these plants arc well known to all since they fre- quently occur in our gardens." Regarding the reference to Herb. Hart., Bumiann says: " Hartog, or Hertog, is a herbarium which I keep and which contains very many most elegant Zeylanian jilants, and was sent once by him from Zeylona to Cornelius Vossus, the gardener at Leyden." Bunnann did not visit Ceylon, but received his specimens from others; and the earlj' death of John Hartog,* who explored the island, prevented any coiTCCtion of errors. Linnx'us, in " Hortus Cliffortianus," 1737, p. 368, gives the following: " Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis. " Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. Jen., 210. " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80, Boer. lugd. 2, p. 42. " Crescit in Sicilia. Sii nomini sides." Linnaeus published a work on the plants of Ceylon in 1747, but did not mention the sweet pea. In his " Hortus Upsaliensis, Stockholmiae " (1748) he referred to the sweet pea as follows: " 4 Lathj'rus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis, leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. Cliff., 368. " a Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. " Lathyrus distoplatyphjdlos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80. "/5 Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro vario, Burm. Zejd., 13S. " Habitat: a. in SiciUa, ,5 in Zeylona. " Hospitatur in ollis annua. " Obf. Hacc coronaria, sauveolus, in /3 \'cxillum rubnun alae albae carina alba apice rusescentc." From the above it will be seen that the great botanist makes two varie- ties, and recognizes first the Lathyrus Siculus of Bocrhaave but gives the name of Commelin, who adopted that of Cupani, as a synonym; second, he admits the Zeylanian Lathyrus wholly on the authority of Burmann. It is thought by some that the omission of this plant from his work on Zeylanian plants led the botanists to call the attention of Linnaeus * John Hartog was trained in the Le\'den Garden and made a journe\' to Ceylon at the instigation of Boerhaave and of William Sherard. Director of the Garden. He sent plants and seeds to Voss. He died in the prime of life from exposure and unsuitable food. 682 Bulletin 320 to the fact and that the above classification was made to correct this omission. Philip Miller, 1752, gives " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore odoro, Hort. Cath. Broadleaved, hairy, soft chichling with large and very beautiful, sweet-smelling flower, commonly called sweet-scented peas." Linnsus, 1753, in his great " Systema Plantarum Europae," classifies the sweet pea as follows: " Odoratus 11. Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foUis ovato-oblongis, leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. ChfE. 368, Hort. Upsal. 216, Roy. lugd. 363. " Siculus a Lathyrus Siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 219, t. 80. " Zeylanicus /3 Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro vario. Burm, Zeyl., 138. " Habitat; a in Sicilia; /3 in Zeylona." Here is the first use of the term " Odoratus " as a distinctive name. Kniphof, in his " Botanico in Originali " (i 757-1 763), gives colored illustrations of the pressed flowers of Painted Lady sweet pea. In Vol. H the stems bear two flowers, and in Vol. V there is only one flower on a stem. S. B. Dicks, who has written much on the history of the sweet pea, thinks that the first illustration is from a dried specimen, sent from Ceylon. He says: " The colors are those of the Painted Lady as now grown, but the standards are small and of poor substance, the wings being in each case the most prominent parts of the flowers." Mr. Dicks, who is an EngUsh authority on the history of the sweet pea, says that no mention is made of the sweet pea in Paoli Bocconi's " Icones Plantarum Sicihae " (Oxford, 1674), which he regards as a rather re- markable fact. The writer has had an opportunity to examine this work, among others, and he finds that Bocconi does not mention Lathyrus, Vetch, Orobus, or, in fact, any of the Leguminosae. As proof that the Lathyrus odoratus did not occur in Sicily this work is worthless. However, Mr. Dicks called the attention of G. Sprenger to the facts regarding the origin of the sweet pea, and the latter undertook an investigation. Mr. Sprenger reported to Mr. Dicks as follows:* " I retain that the plant is really a native of the two most important Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia. I haA^e just come from Sicily, where I could see the plant in the neighborhood of Corleone, a town lying in the interior on a range of hills, and in several other wild regions round * " All about Sweet Peas," p. 21. Culture of the Sweet Pea 683 about, together with other Papilionaceae. The plant has aU the appearance of being of spontaneous form, and not an imported one. The above locaHty has been but A'ery rarely visited and it is apparently to be ex- cluded that L. ocl. was brought there. It is surprising that the Lathyiois has been found in but a few places, but this does not mean much. From what I could de- duct, the plant grows in tliree or four places in Sic- il>' and it has also been found in Sar- dinia. "Our most learned men re- tain that the La- thyras is really an indigenous kind in Sicily, because it presents all the characters of being of sjiontane- ous growth. The flowers of our kind arc purple (pur- purea), while those of Ceylon are rose-colored . This could be a variation due to the climate, but I was unable to find out if the Lathy- rus A'aries or if the white-flowered variety is found growing spontane- ously." It has already been noted that the caidy writers considered Sicily as the native country of the sweet pea. Bumiann was the first to catalog a sweet pea from Ceylon, which he admitted difl:ered only in the color of the flowers from the Lathyrus described by Cupani. However, he pro- ceeded to found a new species upon the sole character of difference in Fig. 1S3.- -KnipJiof s ft'^itre of the sweet pea. i)i Originali, 1757-176^) (Kniplwf, Botanico 684 Bulletin 320 color of the flowers. Linnseus, writing a flora of Ce^'lon ten years later, did not describe a sweet pea from there. Neither of these botanists visited the island, and none of the later works on the plants of Ceylon, including those of Trimen, mention Lathynts odoratus as native of that island. The great mass of CAddence, therefore, is in favor of Sicily as the original home of the sweet pea. The question arises as to how Burmann could have been misled. May it not haA-e happened that Voss had seeds of the sweet pea which were accidentally mixed or included with the col- lection of Ceylon seeds? The color of the flowers was different from existing varieties, being red and white. That this would natural!}' be the direction of variation is shown by the fact that the first Cupid was white, while the second variety. Pink Cupid, was red and white. The first of Burpee's bush form was of this color, wliich is an extrenich" precocious color. It would appear, since the sweet pea is neA'cr found in Ceylon, and also from the fact that Burmann was aware that his plant differed only in color of the flowers from Cupani's plant, that Lathynts Zeylanicus Burm. was only a variation from the original form received from Sicily in 1699. British horticultural history The earhest trade mention of sweet peas, according to Beale,* is found in the catalog of Benjamin Townsend (1724), who subscribes himself late gardener to Lord Middleton. He mcrelj' quotes sweet pea seed. Robert Furber offered seed of the purple \-ariety of s\^'eet pea. In " Twelve Months of Flowers " (1730), a set of engravings designed by Peter Casteels from the collection of Robert Furber, gardener at Kensington, and engraved by H. Fletcher, is to be found probably the first colored illustration of the sweet pea. The purple sweet pea is shown in the bouquet for the month of June. The fonn of the flower is very loose and irregular, with a small reflexcd standard and A-ery large wings. In Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, first folio edition, 1731, is found the following, referring to the culture of Lathynts Tiiigitaiiits and Lathynts distoplatyphyllos ; " The fifth and sixth sorts are annual plants which arc propagated only by seeds: these may be sown in March in the place where the>' are to remain for good; being plants that seldom will grow, if transjjlanted, except it be done when they are verA' young. These should lie sown near a Pale, Wall, or Espalier, to AA^hich they may be trained, or, if sown in the open borders, should have stakes placed by them, to which the}' should be fastened; otherwise they Avill trail upon the ground and appear A'cry unsightly; which is the only culture these plants require; except the * Gilbert Bcalc, in Gardening World, 1900, pp. 741, 74J, and 765. Culture of the Sweet Pea 685 cleaning of them from weeds. They produce their flowers in July and their seeds are perfected in August and September. But the best method to ha^-e them \'ery strong is, to sow their seeds in August under a wami wall or hedge where they will come up in the autumn and abide the winter very well; and these will begin to flower in May and continue to produce fresh flo\A'crs until July or later, according to the heat of the season; and one of these autumnal plants ^^•ill be as large as four or five of those sown in the spring and produce ten times the number of flowers; and upon these plants you A^ill always ha^-e good seeds, when sometimes the other will miscarry; however, it is very proper to sow seeds at two or three different seasons in order to continue their flowers the longer ; for the late- planted ones A^ill continue Ijlowing until the frost prevents them. " The sweet-scented sort is the most valuable both for beauty and fragrancy of its flowers. Of this sort there are two other varieties; one of these has pale red floAvers, which are called by gardeners Painted Lady peas; the other hath entire white flowers; both these may be allowed a place in the borders of the flower garden for the sake of variety." From the preceding it is clear that three varieties were known at least as early as 173 1. In the eighth edition of the Gardeners Dictionary, 176S, the same A'arictics are again noted. James Justice, in the Scots Gardeners' Director (1754), criticised the catalogs of the Dutch seedsmen and nurserymen who were sending their catalogs throughout England. He says, " The)' are neither rightly named botanically or otherwise," and for illustration proceeds to quote from the " Caalogus van Schoone Bloem-Zaaden te Vinden," by Dirk and PieiTe Voorhelm, " Bloemists te Haarlem": "No. 176 Lathyiais odorante flore albo et rubro A-ariegato " ; "No. 177 Lathyras odorante flore purp. et rubro variegato." Justice then proceeds as follows: "The first named is the Lathyrus angustifolius flore e.\ albo et rubro variegato odorato, mentioned by J. Bauhinus, 1650. This is the Painted Lady pea A'ulgo, a variety .seminal of the 177 but not so sweet-smelled." Regarding No. 177 he says; " This is the Lathynis distoplatyphyllos of Hort. Cathol., the SAveet-scented pea \-ulgo ; of this kind of pea there is both the purple and the white flowered forms." Li the catalog for 177S of W. Malcolm, seedsman, of Kensington Turn- pike, there were offered white, purjjle, and Painted Lady sweet peas. The Universal Gardener and Botanist of Mawe and Abercrombie, 17 78, gives under La//z.rr«.j: " Varieties of, are, purple-flowered sweet peas, white- flowered sweet peas, variegated or Painted Lady sweet-scented pea." The first e^-idence of improvement is noticed in the catalog of John Mason (original founder of the business of Cooper, Taber & Co.), pul^lished 686 Bulletin 320 in 1793 at The Sign of the Orange Tree in Fleet .Street. He offered black, purple, scarlet, white, and Painted Lady peas. In Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, 1807, the sweet pea, with its varieties, is classified with the Lathyri: With two-flowered peduncles : " Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Lathyrus or pea L. Spec. 1032, Reich. 3. 465, Hort. ChfE. 368, Upsal. 216, Curtis Mag. 60 Floribus albus White-flowered sweet pea Alls carinaque albis, vexillo cameo Old Painted Lady pea Alls carinaque carncis, vexillo rubro New Painted Lady pea Alls carinaque pallide coeruleus, vexillo atropurpurea .... Common sort Carina pallide \'iolacea, alls faturate violaceis, vexillo atropurpureo Peduncles two-flowered, tendrils two-leaved, leaflets ovate-oblong, legumes hirsute. " The sweet pea, as it is commonly called, is an annual plant which rises from three to four feet high bj' means of its long, clasping tendrils. The flower stalks come out at the points, are about six inches long, and sustain two large flowers which have a strong odour; and are succeeded by oblong, hairy pods having four or five roundish seeds in each. " In the common sort the corolla has dark purple standards, with the keel and wings of a light blue. Other varieties are the white; the pink with a white keel and wings pale blush color; the rose-coloured standard with keel and wings pale blue; these that ha^-e a mixture of red with white or a pale blue are called Painted Ladj^ dies. There is also a variety of the common dark sort with the keel pale violet and the wings dark violet, etc." Page, in his " Prodromus " (1817), mentions a striped varietv. Thorburn, in 1S24, catalogued the following varieties of sweet peas: Painted Lady — Lathyrus odoratus fl. carnea White — Lathyrus odoratus fl. albo Black — Lathyrus odoratus fl. obscuro Purple — Lathyrus odoratus fl. purpurco Scarlet — LathjTus odoratus fl. roseo " A yellow sweet pea is designated as Lathyrus aphaca. In 1827 the same firm oftered a striped A-ariety. Roland Green, whose " Treatise on the Cultivation of Ornamental Flowers " (Boston, 1828) was the first distinctly floriciiltural book pub- lished in North America, speaks of sweet peas as follows : "Pea, sweet (Lathyrus odoratus) — There are many species as to color and fragrance. These arc annual. The Everlasting Pea (Lathj-ms C. folius) is perennial and produces many clusters of showy flowers, and Culture of the Sweet Pea 687 remains in bloom a long time. The seed should be planted early in the spring." Edward Saj^ers, whose book " The American Flower Garden Com- panion " (Boston, 1838) was the second flori cultural book published in America, gives in the appendix of the book the following list: "Sweet pea. Painted Lady, Lathyrus odoratus. . . 4 ft. fleshed color White sweet pea Lathyrus alba 2 ft. white color Purple sweet pea Lathyrus fl. purpurea 2 ft. purple color Scarlet sweet pea Lathyrus fi. rosea 2 ft. scarlet color Striped sweet pea Lathyrus fi. striata 2 ft. striped color " Thus we see that all the A-aricties were known in this country previous to 1840. Mr. Carter (founder of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. of Holborn) offered in I S3 7 the five varieties pre\iousl3' offered by Mason, and also the striped variety. Li Mrs. London's " Ladies' Flower Garden of Ornamental Annuals " (1840) descriptions are given of a number of annual species of the genus Lathyrus, among them L. odoratits. Under the head of " Varieties " occxirs the following: " There are six distinct kinds of sweet peas in constant cultivation, all of which, with ver\' few exceptions, come true from seed. There are the purp)le, which has a standard of deep reddish purple, the wings pinkish, and the keel nearly white, and is a native of Sicily; the New Painted Lady, which has the standard deep rose colour, the wings pale rose, and the keel pure white, and is a nati\'e of Ceylon; the white sweet pea, which has flowers a pure white; the Old Painted Lady, which has the wings and keel white and the standard flesh-coloured ; the blue, which has the wings and keel a pale blue and the standard dark bluish purple; and the violet, which has the keel a pale violet, the wings a deep violet, and the standard a dark reddish purple." Between 1845 and 1849 the firm of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. introduced a New Striped Sweet Pea and a New Large Purple Sweet Pea. In 1850 Messrs. Noble, Cooper & Bolton (predecessors of Cooper, Taber & Co.) introduced a New Large Dark Purple. In i860 Mr. Carter offered nine varieties, laesides a yellow-flowered variety and the variety Blue Edged. The last-named variety was white, with a well-marked blue edge, and it was stated that it was the result of many experiments made by Major Trevor Clarke, of Daventry, in cross- ing a pure white sweet pea with the perennial bright-blue-flowered Lord Anson's pea, L. Magellanicns. Later, in 18S3, under the name " Blue Hybrid," this variety received the First Class Certificate of the Royal Horticultural Society. 688 Bulletin 320 It was in 1865 that the First Class Certificate of the Ro^'^al Horticultural Society was first awarded to a new sweet pea. This was the variety called Scarlet In\'incible, exhibited by Steven Brown, of Sudbury, and offered in Carter's catalog for 1S66, where it was both described and illustrated. This was the first illustration of a sweet pea novelty ever published in a seedsman's catalog. James Vick's " Illustrated Catalogue and Flower Guide " for 1870, under the division of Ornamental Climbers, gives the following varieties of sweet peas: Scarlet, Scarlet striped with White, White, Purple striped with White, Painted Lady, Blue Edged, Black, Black with Light Blue, and Scarlet Invincible. The prices may be of interest, for Mr. Vick saj^s: " I am so desirous to encourage the general culture of this sweet flower that I have made the price ver}? low — the papers are large and the price by the pound and ounce about cost." The first five varieties were offered at 10 cents per packet, 20 cents per ounce, $3 per pound; Blue Edged, 30 cents per ounce, $4.50 per pound; the last three, 15 cents per packet, 40 cents per ounce, $6 per pound; mixed seed, 10 cents per ounce, $1 per pound. About this time (previous to 1S70) Messrs. Haage & Schmidt, of Erfurt, sent out Crown Princess of Prussia, the beautiful light pink variety. In 1873-1874 the same firm sent out Fairy Queen, which was a leading variety for many years. Butterfly, quite similar to Blue Edged, was introduced by Sutton & Sons in 1878. A color plate of this appeared in The Garden, Vol. 13, 1878, p. 44. Messrs. Carter had the honor of publishing the first colored illustration of a new sweet pea to appear in a seedsman's catalog, when they sent out Violet Queen in 1S77. Prior to 1881 the following varieties had appeared: Purple, White, Pamted Lady, Scarlet, Black, Purple, Striped White, New Painted Lady, Large Dark Purple, Yellow, Blue Edged, Scarlet In^dncible, Scarlet striped with White, Black Invincible, Crown Princess of Prussia, Fairy Queen, Purple Invincible, Invincible Striped Violet Queen, Heterosperma, The Queen, Captain Clarke, and Imperial Purple. The opening decade (1880), however, was to witness great things for the sweet pea, for about this time two capable florists began work on the improvement of the flower. Those men were Thomas Laxton and Henry Eckford. Mr. Laxton, of Bedford, commenced about 1S77 and for several years worked assiduously in this field. In 1883 he won a First Class Certiflcate from the Royal Horticultural Society for the excellent varict\' Invincible Carmine. It is said that this variety is the earliest recorded from cross- fertilization, for, although the exact A'arietics are unknown, it was a cross of a rcd-flowercd with a jjurplc-flowcred variety. Mr. Laxton appears CUI.TURE OF THE RwEET Pea 689 to have made many crosses, usiu^' the l:)est varieties Iviiown at the time as well as his own best see(lling;s. Amont;; the A'arieties introduced by him are Etna, Madame Carnot, Invincible Blue, Carnien Silva, and Rising Sun. After Mr. Laxton's death the work was carried on by his sons, who introduced Princess May and Sultan. They also made crosses of the Cupids, of which niention is made under that division of our subject. Mr. Eckford began his work of improving sweet peas about 1S70, while in charge of the gardens of Doctor Sankey at Boreatton. His collection consisted of the varieties known as White, Scarlet, Black, Painted Lad)-, and Butterfly. Later he started in business for himself at AYem, Slirop- shire, a small \'illage but a place A\'hich he has made famous throughout the world. Hero he worked, crossing and intercrossing all the \-arietics. His first notable result \A'as Bronze Prince, which was exhibited before, and awarded a First Class Certificate by, the Royal Horticultural Society, August S, 1882. This A'aricty was sent out by W. Bull. Year by year the introduction of new \'arieties was forwarded, dcspjitc the claims of some persons during the earlier years that Air. Eckford's varieties were no better than existing varieties. Steadily he kept at work, bringing out new N'arieties that were of impro\'cd size, form, or color. In the early nineties his warieties caused a sensation in America, and under the leader- ship of the Rex'crend \\^ T. Hutchins there was great enthusiasm in growing sweet peas for exhibition, and above all for home decoration. This supplied the recjuired stimulus, kirgely lacking at home, for Mr. Eckford to put forth his best efforts, and the result is the remarkably long list of meritorious varieties that he sent out. Aside from Bronze Prince, the following are some of the early Eckford varieties: Blue King, Charming, Duchess of Albanj', Princess, Grandeur, Emperor, Black Prince, Leviathan, Rosalind, Maggie Ewing, Salmon Queen, La^'cnder Gem, En^press Metoria, Queen of Roses, Queen of Stripes, Purple Queen. How many of these were introduced we ha^'e been unable to ascertain. In 1885 Mr. Eckford introduced Queen of the Isles and Grand Blue; in 1886 or pre\'iously. Cardinal, Indigo King, Princess of Wales, and Miss Ethel. These were offered in the LTnited States by Joseph Breck in 1SS6. The A-aricties introduced in 1SS5, together with Miss Ethel, were also offered by Peter Henderson. In 1887 Mr. Eckford .sent out Duchess of Edinburgh, Imperial Blue, Isa Eckford, Orange Prince, and The Queen. These were offered by Breck the same year. Miss Hunt was also probably sent out this year. The following varieties were sent out in succeeding years : In 1888, Apple Blossom, Boreatton, Mauve Queen, Queen of England, and Splendour. Ggo Bulletin 320 In i88g, Captain of the Blues, Deli!i;ht, Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. Sankey, anci Purple Prince. In iSqo, Alba Magna, Countess of Radnor, Lottie Eckford. In iSyi, Dorothy Tcnnant, Duke of Clarence, Empress of India, Mon- arch, Princess Victoria, and Senator. In 1S92, Emily Eckford, Her Majesty, Ignea, Lemon Queen, Mrs. Eckford, and A¥aA-erly. In 1893, Blushing Beauty, Firefly, Gaiety, Lady Beaconsfield, Lady Penzance, Ovid, Peach Blossom, Royal Robe, Stanley, and Venus. In 1894, Blanche Burpee, Duke of York, Duchess of York, Eliza Eck- ford, Meteor, Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain, Novelty, and The Belle. In 1895, Alice Eckford, Ca]jtivation, Countess of Aberdeen, Crown Jewel, Little Dorrit, and Mikado. These were offered b^' the Re\'erend Mr. Hutchins in 1896. In 1896, Coquette, Countess of Shrewsbury, Lovely, Mars, Prima Donna, and Royal Rose, which were offered in the United States in 1S97 b)' Burpee and the Reverend Mr. Hutchins. In 1897, Countess of Powis, Lady Nina Balfour, Prince Edward of York, Queen Victoria, Triumph, Salopian, and Shahzada. In 1S98, Black Knight, Chancellor, Colonist, Duchess of Sutherland, Lady Grizel Hamilton, Lady Mary Currie, and Prince of Wales. In 1899, Countess Cadogan, Duke of Westminster, The Llonorable F. Bouverie, Lady Skelmersdale, IXIrs. Dugdale, Othello, and Sadie Bmpee. In 1900, Calypso, Countess of Lathom, Duchess of Westminster, Fascination, Lord Kcnyon, and ^Irs. Fitzgerald. The two-hundredth anni\'ersary of the introduction of the sweet pea was celebrated by the Sweet Pea Bi-Centenarj^ Celebration in London in 1900. Including the introductions of that year, there had been two hundred and sixty-four varietal names of the tall-groAA'ing t\-pe of sweel peas catalogued. This included all the indeterminate variety- names, as Purple, Purple Black, Purple Brown, Purple Striped, Light Blue and Purple, Red Striped, Striped Red and AVhite, Striped Scarlet, Scarlet, Dark Red, Red striped with White, and so on; also, slight A'ariations in color, form, and the like, as Striped Celestial, Light Gaiety, Extra Early Blanche Ferry, New Countess, and others, as well as the double sweet peas. Out of this extcnsi\-c list not more than one hundred and se^'ent\--fn-c varieties had been catalogued by any seed firm; the remainder were scat- tering introductions, some of which \'\-ere not listed for more than one year. Mr. Eckford is responsible for one hundred and fifteen varieties. The relaUve suiieriority of the Eckford \-arieties is .seen when we examine the lists of this [Deriod, for we find, for example, in Burpee's catalog for 1899, one hundred and forty \-arieties exelusi\'e of doubles and eupids, Culture (if the Sweet Pea 6gi and cit;hty of those are varieties originated at Weni. One fifth of the remainder are of tlie old \-arieties introdueed prior to iS8o. As late as 1907 wo find that in Mr. Morse's list of the fifty leadin;j; \'arieties, based on the aniount of seed of each demanded by the trade, t\venty-ei,i,iit of the \'arieties originated on Eekfard grounds. In his seleetion of the best fifl\- \'aiietics Mr. Morse ineludcd thirty-one Eckford A'arieties — a truly remarkable reeord of achie\-ement for one man as against the field, espe- eiallv when we take into consideration also the fact that after Mr. Eckford had " liroken the type " many of the results ol.Hained in California were rendered possil:)le. INIr. Eekfc^rd's further introductions are as follows: I go I, Coceinea, George Gordon, Honorable Mrs. E. Kcnyon, Lady Cirmsby-Gore, Miss Wihrott. 1902, Gracie Greenwood, Jeannie Gordon, Lord Roscbcry. 1903, Agnes Johnston, Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VH, Mrs. AYalter AYright. 1904, ^Irs. Knights-Smith, Marchioness of Cholmondeley. 1905, Black Michael, David R. Williamson, Princess Maud of Wales, Romolo Piazzani. 1906, Henrv Eckford, Queen Alexandra, Sybil Eckford. 1907, Agnes Eckford, Earl Cromer, H'oracc Wright, Maud Guest, Queen of Spain. 190S, H. J. R. Digges, James Grie\'e, May Perrett, Mima. Johnston, Primrose A\^a\-ed, Purple King, White Wavc(i. 1909, Annie B. Gilroy, Dodwell F. Browne, ^Irs. Charles AListcrs. 19 10, ^lary Vipan, Mrs. E. Gilman, \'icomte de Janzc. AiJicricai! horlicidtitral liistory The first American variety of sweet peas was that epoch-making A-aricty, Blanche Ferry, introduced by D. \l. Fcrr}- & Co. in 1SS9. R was de- lineated fjv a colored plate, which was the first colored plate of a sweet pea to appear in an American seed catalog. This variety' was deri\'ed from the Old Painted Lady.* Then followed Captain Sharkc\' (Breck, 1S89), Toanna Theresa (Breek, 1889), Alba Magnifica (Henderson, 1S91), Blushing Bride (Breck, 1S91), and Emily Henderson (Henderson, 1S93). The last-named variety was for many years the standard white, and florists especially preferred it. h\ 1894 '\V. Atlee Burpee & Co. mtro- duced American Belle, and Breck sent out Harvard. In 1S95 D. M. Ferry &- Co. introduced Extra Early Blanche Ferry and Katherine Tracy. In 1896 Burpee sent out Daybreak, originated by the Re\-erend Mr. Hutchins, and also Grc\- Friar, Juanita, Oddity, and Ramona. The * For an aci ccount of the origin of Blanche Ferry, sec Bulletin 319 of this station, page 025. 692 Bulletin 320 same year James Vick's Sons introduced the first of the double class in Bride of Niagara, which was a double strain of Blanche Ferry or its prototype. The sensational novelty Cupid, which is the most extraordinary departure yet found among sweet fjeas, was sent out in this year also. Mr. Biorpee's introductions for 1S97 included Aurora, Brilliant, Creole, Golden Gate, Maid of Honor, and Wawona. Mr. Lynch distributed California, Emily Lynch, and the Bride. The Sunset Seed Company introduced Golden Gleam and Red Riding Hood — the latter being the first of the Snapdragon type. Mr. J. C. Vaughan sent out America, the best of the stripes. Mr. Walker sent out Coronet. ^Ir. Breck dis- tributed Snowflake, and the Reverend A-Ir. Hutchins sent out Columbia. The new varieties introduced by Messrs. Burpee in 1898 were Dolly Varden, Lottie Hutchins, Modesty, Oriental, Sensation, and Stella Morse. In 1S99 the same firm sent out Fashion, Gorgeous, Na\'y Blue, Pink Friar, and also the first of the bush type, namely. Grey Friar Bush. Mr. Walker sent out Oregonia. In 1900 Burpee distributed Admiration, Surprise, Snapdragon, and Sunproof Salopian; in 1901, Majestic; m 1902, American Queen, Golden Rose, Salvation Lassie, and Reselected Extreme Early Earliest of AU. Messrs. Ferry sent out Josephine White and Inconstancy. In 1903, Janet Scott, Sue Earl, and Dainty were distributed by Burpee. During 1904, Earliest Sunbeams and White Wonder were sent out by Burpee; Mr. Vaughan distributed Bridesmaid, Evening Star, Flora Norton, Florence Eraser, Mrs. George Higginson, Jr., Speckled Beauty, Sunrise, and Sunset. Messrs. Morse and Vaughan each introduced Nyniphaea, and Morse sent out also Shasta. In 1905 Burpee introduced Mrs. Sydenham. (This name was dropped for Helen Lewis, which name was adopted by the English National Sweet Pea Society.) A-Iorse introduced Helen Pierce. Henderson sent out Phenomenal and Domino. In 1906 Burpee distributed Earliest White. In 1907, BrilUant Blue was sent out by Burpee and Mr. Vaughan introduced Coral Gem. The new American sweet peas for 1908 included Burpee's Ajjple Blos- som, Spencer, Primrose Spencer, and White Spencer. Messrs. C. C. Morse & Co. introduced Florence Morse Spencer. In 1909 Messrs. Morse introduced Captain of the Blues, Spencer, Flora Norton Spencer, and Tennant Spencer. The varieties Aurora Spencer, Asta Ohn Spencer, Beatrice Spencer, King Edward Spencer, Mrs. Routzahn Spencer, Mrs. Sankey Spencer, Ramona Spencer, Queen Victoria Spencer, and Lo\'ely Spencer were catalogued by Burpee and by Morse for the first time in this vear. A ffl Culture of the Sweet Pea 693 Miriam Beaver, Marie CorcUi, Senator Spcneer, and W. T. Hutchins \\'cre introduced in 19 10 by Messrs. Burpee and ^lorse. The 191 1 introductions include Dainty Spencer, Ethel Roosevelt, Rose de Barn, Purple Prince Spencer, America Spencer, and Emily Eckford Spencer. Truly a long list. Among- them are some of the finest varieties of sweet peas yet introduced, which indicates that the American growers can equal those of any country in the world. The cupid, or dwarf, pea, the bush and the winter-flowering types, all distinct in habits of growth, were first discoA'cred on this side of the Atlantic. »Since the introduction of Countess Spencer inany excellent varieties of waved fomi ha^-e been de\'eloped, and this work of crossing and selecting is going steadih' for- ward. Judging from the record made by the A-ery small number of Am_cri- can breeders, what would America accomplish if she had even one half the number of English producers ! EVOLl'TION During the first one hundred years of the history of the SAveet pea, onlv three A'arieties, or colors, were known — purple with blue wings, pale red with white wings (Painted Lady), and white. The black and the scarlet appeared in the last years of the eighteenth century. It is quite probable that the scarlet was \'ery far from what we to-day conceive that a scarlet sweet pea should be. In Martyn's edition of Miller's Garden- ers Dictionary, 1807, we find the white, the Old Painted Lady, the New Painted Lady (the latter Avith a rose-colored standard and pale rose wings), the Old Purple, and a \'aricty having a violet keel and wings and a purple standard. Savers describes the scarlet sweet pea as Lathyrits florc rosea, while the Painted Lady is described as " fleshed " color. From this it may be concluded that the New Painted Lady, a rose-colored A^ariety, was sometimes called scarlet. The first of the striped A-arieties was ofl'cred in 1837, and since that date this group has been augmented until the classification now includes Striped and Flaked (red and rose, purple and blue). This classification, however, does not express the real range of color in this group, for we have crimson stripes, as in America; red and rose stripes on white, in Aurora; red and rose stripes on primrose, in Jessie Cuthbertson; mauve stripes, in Gaiety; blue stripes, in Prince Olaf and Hester; maroon-flaked, as in Senator. The American growers haA-e introduced the majority of the best A^arieties of this group, among which are America, Aurora, Columbia, DaA'break, Grey Friar, Juanita, Pink Friar, Ramona, andWawona. Many of these are now procurable in the waved fonn. 694 Bulletin 320 The variety Blue Edged, the probable forerunner of the picotee forms, appeared in i860. This was a white variety with a well-defined blue edge, a possible hybrid between L. Magellanicits and a white variety of L. odoratus. The variety, at all events, was the first to exhibit a distinct blue color among sweet peas. Later it was known as Blue Hj'brid, under which name it won an award from the Royal Horticultural .Society. Sutton & Son sent out Butterfly* in 1878, which somewhat resembled Blue Edged. The so-called " blues " that followed were InA-incilile Blue, Madame Carnot or Imperial Blue, and Captain of the Blues, all of which had considerable red in the standard. It was not until iSgg that a good blue appeared, in Navy Blue (Lord Nelson). The first of the soft pinlc varieties was Crown Princess of Prussia, 1868-1S69. Isa Eckford, Peach Blossom, and Loveh^ are the improved varieties of this color. The efforts of the breeders of sweet peas ha\''e not all been directed toward the development of new shades of color; the fonn of the flower, also, has received attention. The earliest representations of sweet pea flowers show a loose, irregular bloom, Avith the edges of the standard turned back, that is, reflexed. Often, if not always, the standard had a notch in the apex and frequently in the margin. The standard, which is the principal part of the flower, has been impro\"ed in substance and the notches have been eliminated. The old type had a narrow base, and with the improvement noted has come a filling-out of the lower edges of the standard so that the outline approaches a circle. In the efforts to produce A'arieties of the best expanded, or open, form, m.any beautiful hooded varieties were originated. While this fomi was condemned as inartistic by nianjr sweet pea specialists, it ne\-ertheless re- ceived a permanent place. Prima Donna, Lo\x'ly, and Countess of Radnor are of this form. When many persons had reached the conclusion that no fm-ther ad\'ances in either form or size were to be expected, and that the efl'orts of future breeders would be directed toward securing new colors and more flowers on a stem, Nature demonstrated that she had other surprises in store. In 1 90 1 the Countess vSpcncer variety was exhibited and caused a consider- at)le sensation. The National Sweet Pea Society awarded it the highest honors. This variety was distinct from all preceding introductions because the standards and wings were wa^'cd. The flowers A\-erc \-ery large and were borne in fours on stout stems. The A'arict\- was intro- duced in 1904. The parentage of this \'aricty has been gi\-en as (Lo\-eh' x Triumph 1898) X Prima Donna iSoo. Howe\'er, there appeared in 1905 a variety * See color plate in The Garden. 13 (1878), p. 44. Culture of the Sweet Pea 695 named Gladys Unwin, which has llu' same color l;)ut is smaller and less waved than Conntess Spencer and which was a selection from Prima Donna withont known crossing; ha\-in,L; been eifectcd. These \-arieties, liowcA'cr, were forennmers of the new type which re\-olutionizcd sweet pea cultnrc in England and has revived and qioickened the interest in America. POLLINATION We haA'e previously noted that the pistil and stamens are enclosed by the partial coalescing of the two lower petals. A A-ery slight pressure on the base of the keel will cause the pistil to appear suddenly in the tip of the keel ; the stigmatie surface is usually co\'ered with pollen. At the same time the stamens apjiear to view. If the pressure is released these organs disap])ear as suddenly from view. Those who are look'ing for flo\\'er adapjtations for the promotion of cross-fertilization would say at once that here we have a mechanism that is operated by the weight of a bee alighting on the keel; the pistil and stamens rise up, striking the bee on the body and rccei\ang and giving l")ollen. Thus, as the insect ^-isits flower after flower, natural cross-fer- tilization is brought al:)0ut. This, however, is not the ease. In the first place, if we examine flowers in the bud stage Ave fitid the pollen rijie. The position and condition of the stigma change, for before the maturation of the poUen the stigma is below the anthers. A cla}' or two later the stigma has risen to a position among the anthers and is A-iscid enough to hold the pollen grains. In another daj^ or two it has gro\A-n beyond the anthers. Self-fertilization has taken place and the deA'clopment of the legume has begun. This process has taken iplace before the flower is fully open. Sometime later the pistil is pushed out of the protecting keel by the dcA-eloping pod. Such is the normal fertilization of SAveet peas, as obserA^ed on examina- tion of the floAvers. Attention has been called to the fact that the SAveet pea Stood practically still for one hundred years, and the question has been asked hoAV this can be reconciled AA'ith natural cross-fertilization. During the writer's experience in the field each season for three months SLudA'ing A-arieties and recording observations, not a single instance occun-cd of a bee alighting on the keel of the floAver, nor AA-ere any bees observed craAvling betAveen the Avings. All the bees obscrA'cd A-isiting the flowers alighted on the out.side of the wings and, in ijraetieally CA-ery case, thrust the proboscis down betAA-een the right AAdng and the standard. In this connection it may be mentioned that the bees did not shoAv a preference for anv particular color, but fleAV from roAV to row and from color section to color section. 696 Bulletin 320 T. H. Dipnall has observed that bees attack sweet pea flowers. The bee (a yellow-and-white-banded speeies) aUghts on the caJj.'x, crawls around it to a certain position, and cuts a hole through the calyx so that it can thrust its proboscis through and suck the nectar at the base of the pod. The reason is not clear why the insect prefers one side of the flower, since the structure is similar on both sides. It is to be remembered in this discussion that sweet peas under glass in winter are not visited by bees, but e\'ery flower will set seed in sunny weather if the blooms are not kept cut. Since the introduction of the waved type there has been much discussion about the difficulty in fixing "S'arieties and the reasons for it. Some growers, having secured what was to all indications a fixed stock, have discovered, after sending it out, that it was not fixed. Some of these growers thought that this occurred only when the novelty was sent to CaHfornia for working up a large stock of seed, or after it had passed into the hands of the Cali- fornia growers. One of the theories advanced to explain this was that a certain insect in California was responsible for some cross-pollination of flowers. In the trials at this station during the past season no dift'erenee was observed between English or American-grown stock, since we had seeds of novelties direct from the originators and oui" varieties were from the introducers. Other growers say that bees visit the flowers, and theAr believe that crossing takes place in the waved type, which, it is maintained, does not produce normal flowers in that the pistil sometimes projects bevond the keel. It appears that, if this view is coiTeet, the poor seedling of the waved type would not occur, or at least that the worse the fault of the flowers, the greater the crop of seed. Thus, the varieties that seeded freely would become cheap and drive out the others. The writer thinks that the results obtained by the seed growers contradict the theory. It appears that the poor setting of seed may be dvie to the fact that the pistil may grow out beyond the anthers before the latter are matiu'e, and thus fertilization can be prevented by in-egular development of the parts; otherwise, the pollen may be impotent in some \-arieties, but this does not ocem- so far as the writer has studied the reports of the sweet pea breeders. The writer did not observe any pistils showing the defect mentioned, but as the season here was very dry the plants did not make an exceptional growth which would be likely to express itself in abnormal flowers exhibiting the pistil. Howe^-er, it was obser\'ed that some vari- eties seeded more freely than others. Most of the varieties ^^•cre planted here in 1911 from seeds saved in 1910 and, knowing those that were fixed the previous year as well as those with rogties of certain colors, it is thought that some light may come on this matter of cross-fertil- ization, if there be any, in the sweet pea. Cl'LTURE OF THE SwEET Pea 697 DWARF SWEET PEAS The dwarf, or cupid, sweet iieas are varieties that grow only fi\'e to cit;ht inches higli, with a spread of twelve to fifteen inches in diameter. The procumbent stems are stout, vigorous, short, jointed, and freely branching. The foliage is a deep green. The leaflets are sniall and the tendrils short. The flowers, which are of the size of those of the tall varieties, are borne, two or three in number, on short stems three or four inches in length. The dwarfing has been accomplished by an extreme reduction in length of the intemodes, for an examination of the plants reveals the fact that they have as many intemodes as, or more than, the tall type. The eu]3id sweet peas originated in 1S93 at Santa Clara, Cal., on the grovmds of C. C. Morse & Co., the largest growers of .sweet pea seed. The plant was found growing among plants of the tall-growing variety, Emily Henderson. Naturall}^ this remarkable sport was preserved and its dwarf character ])roA'ed to be so fixed that it is recorded that when Messrs. Morse grew seven acres of this novelty, in 1895, none of the plants reverted to the nornial climbing type. W. Atlee Burpee ]3ui-chased the variety in 1S94 and had it grown in England by James Douglas, where in June, 1S95, it was exhibited before the Royal Horticultural Society and was given, by unanimous vote of the committee, an award of merit. The same year it was given an award of merit by the National Horticultural Society of France. In Burpee's circular to the trade, July, 1895, this white-fiowered variety was described It is a singular fact that but for this trade announcement a similar dwarf form would have been offered by Eniest Benary, of Erfurt, Germany, in 1S96 or 1897, probably under the name of Tom Thumb White. It was such a complete description of his \'aricty that the simi- larity was recognized and Mr. Benary published in his catalog the name of his novelty as a synonym of Cupid, thus preventing confusion. In 1895 a similar dwarf appeared on the grounds of Heniy Eckford at Wem, England. There is also some evidence that a similar form was found in 1895 among plants of the Old White grown in southern France. This remarkable instance of synchronistic A^ariation ap])eared in three or four widely separated localities within a period of two years. Singularly enough, so far as known, all these dwarfs had white flowers and white seeds and deA^eloped among white A^arieties.* This novelty attracted considerable attention everAnvhere, especially among sweet pea lovers, and was offered to the public in 1896. Un- fortunately Cupid, afterward knoAvn as White Cui.nd, the forerunner of * A notable and somewhat similar case was the appearance of the dwarf lima beans, but here we find the origin e.xtendinj^ over a period of twenty years and the varieties are simultaneous only in the date of introduction. Moreover, we have very distinct varieties originating from very distinct climbing vari- eties of lima beans of two species. 6g8 Bulletin 320 tlio race, was white-seeded like the parent and germinated very poorly, csi^eeially the 3'ear of its introduction. It appears that even among white-seeded peas this is probably the most sensitive to unfavorable conditions during germination. Pink Cupid was discovered among plants of Blanche Ferry in 1895 and was introduced by Burpee in 1898. Burpee had purchased the stock of i,o6S seeds, for which he reported pajdng the sum of §1,500 — probably the largest sum cA'cr paid for a new variety of sweet peas. This variety was similar to Blanche Ferry in all characteristics except its dwarf habit. A j^cUow sport found among White Cupid was introduced by Burpee in 1899 as Primrose Cupid. During the seven years following the introduction of the original Cupid sweet pea a great number of varieties appeared, reproducing all the known colors and types of the tall-growing varieties. " Several of our best Cupids," sa}''s Morse, " '\^•cre found originally in the tall varieties but the majority were developed by crossing."* Laxton Brothers, of Bedford, England, began crossing upon Cupid soon after its introduction, and at the bicentenary celebration in 1900 it was reported that this firm had dwarf counterparts of Purple, Dark Blue Striped, Captain Clarke, Rose, Light Blue Striped, Invincible Blue, Invincible Carmine, Imdncible Red, Invincible Black, Sultan, Rising Sun, Boreatton, Princess Beatrice, Princess May, Princess of Wales, Etna, Vesuvius, Indigo King, Pale Madame Carnot, Waverly, Primrose, Carmine Striped, and Countess of Radnor. It will be noticed that many of these were re]3resentatives of tall varie- ties that were obsolete or A\-ere passing out, and of course were not equal to such varieties of Cupid as Beauty, Alice Eckford, and Fircfl\-, which had been introduced by that time. I'arictics of aipid sweet peas White, or " Cupid," 1S96 Pink, 189S Alice Eckford, 1899 Beauty, 1899. Similar to Eliza Eckford Primrose, 1899 Boreatton, 1900 Countess of Radnor, 1900 Firefly, 1900 Apple Blo.ssom, 1901 * Waldo E. Rohnert reports the results of crossinR the tall varieties upon the Tupi.! sweet pea in Bulletin 127 (iHy7), Cornell Unn'ersit\' Ayrieultural Exjjeriment Station. BrLi.i'Tix 320 Plate III DiMrf swrc'f peas Culture of the Sweet Pea 699 Captain of the Blues, 1901 Chamberlain, 1901. Similar to R'Irs. Joseph Chamberlain Royalty, igoi. A dark Royal Rose Stella Morse, 1901 America, 1902 Her Majesty, 1902 Lottie Eekford, 1902 Bridesmaid, 1903 Enchantress, 1903. A dark Lovely Mauve Queen, 1903 Extra Earl}' Blanche Ferry, 1903 Sadie Burpee, 1903 Ladjr Mary Currie, 1904 Prima Donna, 1904 Prince of Wales, 1904 Salopian, 1904 Emily Eekford Lovely NaA'y Blue WaA^erly Ovid Ramona Unpopularity of the type The cupid sweet peas have never been very ];opular for several reasons. Many persons apparently expected this dwarf type to furnish long-stemmed blossoms for cutting, thus relie^dng them of the necessity of providing supports for the plants. The short stems of this type were therefore a disappointment to such persons and they unhesitatingly condemned it for any purpose. In answer to the claims made that the plant was adapted for use as an edging or for bedding, it was urged that the blooming period was too short — not allowing for the fact that the dwarf type behaves similarly to the tall type and ceases to bloom if the pods are not removed. For no other reason this sweet pea has been ignored by many seedsm_en, while some inferior trailing plants are still offered in their catalogs. The dwarf sweet pea has the advantage of many border plants in its ' great A^ariety of colors. In part the unpopularity of the plant has been due to the fact that the White Cupid did not germinate ^^ery successfully, especially? the first year of its introduction, thus affecting the popularity of this whole race. The black-seeded varieties give a high percentage of gennination, so that poor germination is not an inherent fault of the race. 700 Bulletin 320 The dense foliage and growth of the plants make a thick carpet over the surface of the ground, and in a wet season the result is usually failure. The flower buds drop off and the plants do not thrive even if they do not become subject to disease. The foregoing reasons explain why this tyi^e has not been very successful in English gardens. In California, where the smTimers are long and dry, the cupid sweet peas thrive. During hot, dry summers in the Eastern States, when the tall varieties are subjected to very trying conditions, the cupid sweet peas grow and bloom abundantly. In 19 10, ten 20-foot rows of different varieties of the dwarf type were grown at this station. When the tall kinds were having a struggle with the drought under a temperature of ninety degrees or more, the cupids, in the highest and driest position in the field, grew and blossomed profusely. They were admired by all who saw them and many questions were asked as to what they were, whether they were of recent introduction (new), and where they could be obtained. The conditions necessary for the successful cuJtiire of the dwarf sweet peas appear to be a rather dry, moderately rich soil, a dry, hot season, good cultivation, and prompt removal of the withered flowers and pods. The seed may be sown in single rows, twin rows, or scattered in a broad drill ten or twelve inches in width. For the purposes mentioned the distinct colors are preferred. Among the best varieties are White, Pink (Blanche Ferry Cupid), Countess of Radnor, and Prima Donna. GARDEN CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA The soil Site. — An open, sunny location should be chosen, so as to provide plenty of light and air. Plants grown in too shady a jDosition are weak and spindling in growth, ].)roducing few flowers. A little shade from the scorching, midday suns of July and August is desirable, especially for preserving certain colors. Any ordinary garden soil is suitable for sweet peas, ]3rovided it is sufficiently drained so that in periods of excessive rains the water will not he on the surface, causing the plants to become yellow and the roots to decay, or starting mildew. .Soil suitable for the growing of vegetables will give fairly good results, but extra care in the selection and preparation of the soil will be repaid in larger flowers, longer stems, better colors, and a longer blooming period. Preparation. — The sweet pea is a deep-rooting plant, and in order to provide .suitable conditions so that the effects of drought are overcome the preparation must be deej) and thorough. Culture of the Sweet Pea 701 Whatc\'er the soil, unquestionably the best preparation is made by trenching the soil in the autumn.* AVhen, owinp; to expense, the soil cannot be completely trenched, practically the same result may be accom- plished by dip;;:;int^ a trench fifteen inches wide for each row. The soil should be broken up to a depth of fifteen inches to two feet, and on some soils e\'en deeper. Unless the soil is very uniform in composition, it is disastrous to bring the bottom soil to the surface; but this should be turned o\-er in the trench, mixing with it, if heavy and compact, rather coarse stable manure or litter. Sometimes lea\'es are available for placing in the bottom of the trench. The use of these materials in subsoil pro- motes drainage, as well as improves the soil. If a good layer (four inches) of half-rotted stable or cow manure is Ijlaced between the top and bottom spadefuls, and the topi soil, if heavy, made light with old manure, an excellent preparation has been made. The office of the manure is not only to increase the store of plant food, but also to increase the water-holding power. Bone meal, applied at the rate of one ounce per yard of trench, is essential. A good dtisting of air-slaked lime applied while ^^•o^king the soil in the autumn is very beneficial. Many soils that ha\'e been culti\'atecl for a long time are acid, so that leguminous plants, .such as clover or sweet peas, will not grow, or, at least, do not thri^'C. Lime corrects this acid condition and, furthermore, it releases plant food that would not other- wise be available in soils which are not acid. Cla}' soils are made more open and porous by the use of lime. Deep preparation not only pronrotes available fertility, but also increases the area in which moisture and nourishment may be found, and the plant responds by sending feeding roots in all directions. While it must not be inferred that sweet i)cas can be grown only in deeply trenched and prepared soils, it is true that only under exceptional conditions are the results satisfactory when this is not done. Uniformly, year after year, the sweet peas with the strongest root systems will pro- duce the finest flowers during the longest period. The seed Some white-flowered varieties haA'e white or light-colored seeds, and some have black seeds. The white seeds often give trouble by rotting in the soil — especially if planted early when the soil is cold — or because their germinating power has been impaired; also they frequently split in the pod before han'esting and in this condition are likely soon to lose * The texture of clay soils is sensibly altered when fall-plowed or stirred and exposed to the action of frost. 702 Bulletin 320 their \'itality. For the foregoing reasons it is advisable to sow seeds of this color rather tliicker than, or not so deep as, the black-seeded A^arieties. In some seasons, sweet pea seeds are slow in germinating. It is well to examine such seeds in order to ascertain their condition. If the seeds are found dormant but still fresh and plump, the seed coats should be cut with a sharp knife and replanted, when they will germinate well. This difficulty is not confined to the sweet yjea, but some of the other Lathyri behave similarly. The trouble usually follows a very hot, dry season, when the seed becomes so excessively ripened as to render the seed coat impervious to water. Sometimes, in order to exjDedite germination, the seeds are soaked; a better method for the amateur is that recommended by Mr. Hutchins, the most prolific writer on sweet peas in America, who places the seed packets in inoist earth for seven or eight days, then takes them out and examines them. The swollen seeds are planted and the others cut with a knife. Planting Fall planting. — In the season under discussion, the finest and the earliest flowers were secured from plantings made in the fall. The prepa- ration of the soil is the same as that already described, except that the soil is finned and the trench filled level. On this a trench, or furrow, two inches deep is made, and the peas are planted at least as close as one seed every two inches. The row should be slightly ridged up so as to prevent water from standing and, as stated in the beginning, it is essential that the location be on a well-drained site. When the ground freezes, a mulch of manure is placed o\'er the rovv'. In the spring when the bright weather comes, the plants should be examined in order to see whether they are growing or whether the soil is soggy and cold. In either case, the mulch should be removed from over the row, and should be left in the center so that, in case any weather should come when the safety of the plants is at all endangered, the old mulch may easily be applied to protect them. The seed of the standard varieties of sweet peas is cheap, and the advan- tage gained in obtaining early flowers, if the plants survive the winter, is worth the effort. Spring planting. — As soon as the frost is out of the ground and the soil in workable condition in the spring, a heaA-y application of superphos- phate of lime should be made and raked in. Care should be exercised not to get the soil too loose, and for this reason it is best to confine all stirring of the soil to smoothing the surface. Es].)ccially is this true with light soils, which, if stirred deej-jly in the spring, must be well firmed. Hca\'y soils that arc likely to bake n^ay be impro\'ed by working in a light dressing of old, thoroughly rotted manui-e. > Cj ^ Culture of the Sweet Pea 703 Sweet peas should be sown just as early in the spring as the soil is dry enough to work, even though it be certain that heavy frosts ma)' follow. The writer thinks that one reason why even the most inexperienced amateur usually has so good a\'erage results with sweet peas, is that when this individual gets his annual ' ' violent attack of gardening fever in early spring, he begins his operations at just the right time for sweet peas to go into the groui:d. An essential requirement in growing sweet peas is to plant early, while the atmospheric conditions are such as to prevent top growth until the plant has started a vigorous root development. The result is that, when wanner weather comes, the top grows strong and hea\'y, the plant branches out, and throughout the season this increased vigor is seen. Experiments n^ade by sowing seeds e\-ery ten days fronr the earliest practicalDle date until the end of May show this result conclusively. Depth. — If the preparation of the soil has been made in the fall, it is best only to smooth the svu-face of the trench and i^lant in this. When the preparation has been made in the spring the soil must not be left too loose — a condition that may easily occur if a deep trench is made and only loosely filled with soil and manure. One method recomm.endcd is to hollow out a broad trench, twenty- four to thirty inches wide and two inches deep, and then sow the seed one inch deep in single or double rows. The trench should be kept open for six weeks in order to retain the water. This s>'stem is very good in a garden where all cultivation is given by hand; l:)ut where many rows are grown and cultivation is done with a horse and cultiA'ator, it is mani- festly impossible to make or to maintain such a trench. Furthermore, when horse cultivation is to be used there would be difficulty in keeping the young plants, if jDlanted below the surface, from being covered during the early culti^'ations. Therefore, planting on the level is necessary in field culture. It is advisable, however, in garden culture, to plant so that when covered the row will be two inches beloAv the ordinary level. Shall the planting be in single drills, broad drills, or double rows or drills? It matters Uttle, provided sufficient room is allowed for the grow- ing plants. Amount of seed. — The latest American book advises sowmg one ounce of seed to a fifteen-foot row, and later thinning the plants to six inches apart. Now let us see what this means. Since an ounce of seed contains three hundred to three hundred and sixty seeds, if in a single drill the seeds will be three, fifths to one half inch a.part. If only seA'enty-fi\'e per cent of the seed grew (which is a A-ery low estimate) , one hundred and ninety-fi\-e to two hundred and forty of the seedlings must be remoA'ed in thinninc^ to the distance given. In other words, the author of the 704 Bulletin 320 abo\'c-mentioned book ad\'ises planting ten to twelve seeds in order to get one plant, or lea^'ing about ten per cent of the seed to grow. In the plantings at this station, one hundred seeds, except when doubtful, were sown to a twenty-foot row, or one seed every two inches, and this is heavy seeding. Under the latter system an ounce will plant fifty to sixty feet of row and, if the seed is good, it should plant still more. Fig. 184. — The double-row method of planting Souii:!f^ 111 pots for outdoor bloom. — Many Enghsh growers practice sowing in pots under glass, hardening the plants in frames, and planting out. From the writer's experience with three varieties during the year under discussion, he is inclined to look on this method \^-ith fa\-or, especially in gro^^'ing high-priced novelties or ^•arieties for exhibition,, I11 fact, if the results of experience and observation at this station in 1910 are to be Culture of the S^\■EI•:T Pea 70s relied on, it would a]i]x;ar that the successful exhibitors of the future will obtain their flowers from fall-sown or pot-gro^^ll plants. Fig. 185. — Sweet peas started in pots In order to secure suitable plants, six seeds should be sown in four- inch pots, using light, rich soil. The best time to sow sweet peas in this manner is in March. When the plants are t\\'o or three inches high they 7o6 Bulletin 320 should be given supports of short twigs and placed in a cold frame. Here they should be gi^'en plenty of air at every opportunit}-, in order to secure a short, sturdy growth. If the plants do not catch hold fimily, they may be tied with rafha. When spring begins and the soil is in good con- dition, the pots may be planted in the open, one foot apart in a single row or two feet apart in a double row. In the latter case, the plants alternate as shown below: Fig. 186. — Sweet peas transplanted front pots Supports Sticks. — Am.ong English sweet pea growers there is considerable una- nimit}- of opinion that sticks form the best support for s\\-cct peas. The replies of fifty-t\\-o leading experts, published in the Sweet Pea Annual for 1907, show that forty-three growers fa\-or sticks (generally hazel sticks), five fa\-or wire netting, two fa\X)r either sticks or wire netting — and, if the netting is new, paint it — one prefers sticks and string, and the remaining one, a correspondent from British Columbia, uses telephone wire and string. In this country, where good twiggy boughs can be obtained, such boughs unquestionably fonn the best support to use since tlie\' arc the most natural. Culture of the Sweet Pea 707 In many places birches can be obtained in lengths of twelve to fourteen feet. These may be prepared in the lengths desired. How tail should the support be? The gro\\'er is the one to determine that. If tlie soil has been prepared properly and the plants look strong, and if the gro\\-er sees that the plants are Avatcred and given eA-erj' care, then the support should be six feet high. If the soil is only moderately fertile or has not been deeply prepared, or if the grower does not intend to keep all seed pods picked off or cannot water the plants in order to o\'er- come drought, the support should be kept down to four feet. The variety' has something to do with the height of the support, whatever the care bestowed, some varieties being naturally dwarfer growers. The sticks should be cut in late winter or very early spring, so that they arc still rather green and tough enough to bear the load until the end of the season. They should be inserted in the soil at least a foot, because when clothed with \'ines to a height of six feet a strong windstoiTii exerts a treniendous le^-erage on them. Unless the sticks ha^-e been inserted deeply, or if they ha^-e become too dead and brittle, the row will go down under the force of the wind and the great weight of the wet vines. In order to guard against disaster, strong stakes are sometimes placed eA-er\' ten feet and wire is ixm lengthwise through the sticks and fastened to the stakes. It is desirable to have the sticks bushy at the top, so that they spread out more than at the base; if not naturally so, leaning the sticks alternateh' outward will produce this result. This gives greater freedom for the \n.nes when in flower. After the sticks are inserted, a better effect is produced if the tops are clipped to a Ica'cI and straggling ends are cut back. If the sticks are not " feathered " .sufficiently at the base for the plants to get started up on them, the clippings from the tops may be inserted between the tall sticks. Some growers make a practice — and it is a good one — of provid- ing a light support when the plants are one to three inches high, and later placing the tall sticks. For the light support the^r often use old raspbcrr}' canes or the old stems of our wild aster — in fact, anything of a light, much branching character. This affords protection from high winds when the plants are small. Netliiif^. — When other s}-stems of supporting are to be employed it is quite imperative to proA'ide a support of small, short twigs as soon as the seedlings begin to produce tendrils. This method prevents the rain from beating the small plants down, and enables them to get up to the other support. In city gardens, owing to the difficulty in procuring suitable sticks, wire netting makes a A'cry satisfactory support. The peas do not cling to it so well but it is cleaner and neater in appearance, which is a compensating ad\'antage. The large mesh, four-inch, is jjref- 7o8 Bulletin 320 erable, but in many places this is not procurable and the ordinary chicken netting, or fence, is used instead. Strong stakes at intervals not to exceed ten feet are used to support the netting. One advantage of wire netting is that if stakes six feet high are used, a fortj^-two- or forty-eight-inch strip of netting may be placed in position, and, if the season or soil is fa\'orable and the peas grow above this, a narrow strip of netting may be added or a string or wire stretched from stake to stake over the row. A well-gah'anized netting can be used repeatedly for several years, and will last longer if taken off in the fall and stored. String. — Another method is to construct a supj^ort of wire and string, or of string alone. The ingenious grower can construct all sorts of fanci- ful designs with wire and string on posts set not o\'er ten feet apart. Sometimes a wooden strip is nailed horizontally at the top and bottom, but often a wire is used instead. From bottom to top, between these horizontal strips or wires, a homemade network can be made. When the peas are grown in double drills, the construction described above is made on each side in box-like form. When sweet peas are grown in single drills especially on a considerable scale, the best and cheapest support is one made by placing stakes at intervals under ten feet, and winding strong cord around the row from stake to stake. The strings are placed .six to eight inches apart, or closer if necessary. If the stakes are too far apart — ten feet or more — the string will stretch after becoming wet 'or even damp, and the plants will fall o\-er. If appearance is not an object anything will serve for stakes, as tailings from the mills, poles, and the like. When neat stakes are driven in the row this method is very good in the garden as the vines chng to the string better than to wire netting, which becomes hot; also, the supports when string is used may l^e made as tall as needful for the peas. Thus there are only the tops of stakes showing above a row of short vines, in place of a row of uncovered netting. At the end of the season, if the stakes are worthless the whole support, as well as the sticks, can be burned. Sweet peas are sometimes grown in clumps and must be supported. Here again sticks are often favored, especially where the plants occupy a circle six or more feet in circumference. Wire netting cut in suitable lengths may be made into cylinders for clumps of anj^ size. Other methods. — Henry Eckford advertises a sweet pea support con- sisting of four stakes, each in two pieces three feet long. These are placed ninety degrees apart around a circle and three-foot netting is stretched around them. When the peas reach the to]D, if greater height is needed the ujjper half of each stake is fitted by means of a mortise into the top of the one already driven and another strip of netting is put on. Bulletin 320 Plate VI S-ii'vel peas on uire iwlliiig Bulletin' 320 Plate VII Sioeel peas grown in chimps Culture of the Sweet Pea 709 An English seedsman advertises sweet pea ladders for use in training the \-ines in garden decoration. The ladders are made six feet long and six inches wide. They are used per|)cndicularl\', the to]os being fastened to a horizontal wire. T\\-o rows arc supported fjy leaning the tops together and fastening them to an o\'erhead horizontal wire. Plants grown in circles may be brought together in the center at the top, where the ladders are fastened to a center stake. Sweet pea arches are sometimes made. These, of course, should ne\'er be o\'er six feet high or they would seldom be covered. Now the ladders can be easily made with two No. 10 galvanized wires, rose stakes of the proper length, and some smaller wire for the rungs or cross wires. The arches can also be made complete, if desired, by merely making the ladder long enough and bending it into the form of an arch. Ciihivaiion Tillage, ivatering, and mulching. — Frequent culti\'ation should be the rule in growing sweet peas. A very liberal use of the hoe or the cul- ti\'ator in maintaining a loose, shallow surface mulch is imperative for success. Proper preparation of the soil, coupled with such treatment, will do much to obviate the necessity of watering. Watering should not be begun until it is absolutely necessary in order to prevent the plants from suffering. When necessary the applications should be thorough, and in very dry periods at least two or three times a week. A mulch of thoroughly rotted manure around the plants will alone lessen the effects of drought, and will also pre^'ent too rapid loss of water \^'hen it is applied. Dispoddiiig. — In order to have fine flowers and a long succession of bloom, it is infinitely more necessary to keep the seed pods rigorously ]jicked oft' than it is to culti\'ate, mulch, or ^^•ate^. The latter operations go for naught unless the pods are picked off. The writer thoroughly believes that the importance of watering has been OA'cremphasized and that too many amateurs prefer to use the hose rather than to pick pods ; then they assert that the sweet pea is not what it used to be, that it has lost constitution, and the like. Of course, the more highly de\-eloped the \'ariety, the less certain it is to bear up under neglect. There were on the trial grounds at this station in 19 10 some of the oldest varieties, introduced from 1S65 to 1S90, then the latest hooded and grandifloras, and finally the wa\-cd type. Although no pods were picked from the first two types after July 20, there was a noticeable diff'erence in the flowering habit. The old varieties were continuously blooming profusely, while the second class were sometimes completely destitute of flowers. 7IO ■ Bulletin 320 The same holds true with rc.i^'ard to length of stem. Some plants of Countess Spencer were treated Uke\\'ise in order to note the efleet, and for them the season was o\'er early in August. The lesson is that if the grower docs not intend to comply with the requirements of the improved types, it is better to grow Butterflj', Captain Clarke, Peach Blossom, and other small-flowered, precocious varieties. Fertilizers. — After sweet peas are in full flower, fertiUzers may be applied. The best and safest fertilizer to use is liquid manure, diluted to the color of weak tea and applied once a week. It is often ad^-antageous to alternate this with sulfate of ammonia or nitrate of soda at the rate of one ounce to six gallons of water. The plant responds better usually to phosphorus than to nitrogen, and even potash is often beneficial. Nitrate of potash and phosphate of potash dissoh'ed at the same rate as the above-named fertilizers, is of the proper strength to apply. Suinmary The following quotation from George Stanton is a concise summary of sweet pea culture: " Sweet Pea Culture, condensed. — 12 words. Trench deeply; manure liberally ; plant thinly ; stake quickly ; water freely ; dispod promptly. INSECTS AND DISEASES Insects The most troublesome insects that attack sweet peas in the United States are the red spider and the green plant louse. The red spiders attack plants during hot, dry periods, when they are to he found on the underside of the leaves. Usual h' they are not noticed until they ha\'e become sufficienth' abundant to cause considerable damage. The experienced grower recognizes the fa\'orable conditions for this insect and begins syringing the plants in the e\'ening, applying the water with hose or spray pump so as to wet the lower surface of all the leaA'es. This treatment will prevent serious attacks of the red spider. The green fly, or green plant louse, while often jjrescnt under other climatic conditions, causes greater injury during weather faA^oralilc to the red spider than at other times. This insect may be killed bj- the use of tobacco extracts, dilute kerosene emulsion, or soap solution. Dusting the plants with tobacco is soinctimcs practiced. Nematodes, or eelwornis, do not attack sweet peas planted outdoors unless infested soil from the greenhouse is used around the plants. Vv'hen sow'ing seeds in i)ols under glass, the proper soil is that which has been sterilized or thoroughh' frozen. a. a, X m o s m "^ -^ ^ ■Cl'LTURE UF THE SwEET PeA 71I Thccuti^onit. — 111 some seasons the cutAVOmi is A'cry destructive. Tiie preparation of the soil in autumn, witli the winter frcezinj.;, tends to eliminate this pest. The use of trap plants, such as lettuce, sown along- side: of sweet pea rows has been suggested. Poisoned baits cansometim.es be used, but not so safely, so far as other animal life is concerned, as in the greenliouse. The larA-a shotild l3e hunted down in its hiding place and destroyed. An application of soot, air-slaked lime, or tobacco dust has some ^'aluc as a repellent. Diseases Ppiedery iiiilde'd'. — Among the fungous diseases that attack sweet peas, tlie powdery mildew (Erysiplic Polygon! DC.) is often found late in the season, when the plants are almost through f)looming. Sometimes the disease appears earlier. In 19 lo it appeared in August and proved very serious on some A'ariclies. The stems, leaves, and other parts of the plant iDCCome co\^ered \Yith a white, powdery coating of the mycelium and summer spores. The disease may aj.ipear after a rain followed by very cool nights and hot days. vSpra}'ing with ]jotassium sulfid, or dusting tlie ]ilants with sulfur or with a mixture of lime and sulfur — two parts of the former to one of the latter — will control the disease. Pea spot (Aseophyta pisi) is a parasitic fungus attacking sweet peas in England, and, AA'hile the writer does not know of its occurrence on sweet peas in this country, the fact that it is known to attack garden peas here is sufficient indication of danger. The disease causes round or angular spots on the leaves and pods. The spots are one fourth inch or less in diameter, u.sualh' with a narrow, but distinct, jjurple border. The use of potassium sulfid or dilute Ijordeaux mixture is recommended. Oilier diseases attacking sweet peas in England are pea bhght (Perono- spora trifolioniiu!), root rot (Thiclavia basicola), and streak (apparently a physiological trouble). EXHIBITING SWEET PEAS The foundation for success in raising .sweet peas for exhibition is laid the pre^dous autumn in the thorough preparation of the soil, followed by a careful selection of A-arieties, thin planting, and very liberal culture. In order that good flo«-ers may be obtained for exhibition, it is best to remove all flowers aljout a week before the exhibition date, and to allow onlv the spikes A^-ith the longest stems to develop. The size of the flowers may be increased at this time by the use of ammonia or nitrate of soda. All \-arieties sul^ject to scorch or scald should be shaded ^^'ith cheese- cloth or tiffany. If such A-arieties are planted together the shading may be more easily accomplished. The varieties having orange in their color- 712 Bulletin 320 ation — that is, Henry Eckford, St. George, and Helen Lewis — the salmon varieties, and possibly some of the scarlets and blues, should be shaded for four to six days previous to the time the flowers will be needed. The shade should be so arranged that it can be removed at night. The sweet peas having been well grown, with stems twelve to fifteen inches long, the next consideration is the cutting of the flowers; for it is one thing to grow good flowers, and quite another, but equally difficult, to exliibit successfully. Sweet pea flowers, especially for exhibition, should be cut while dry, preferably in the m^oming or evening. The proper stage of development will depend on the number of hours that must elapse before the judge can pass upon the exhibit. Flowers cut the daj^ before exhibiting should be taken with the lower flowers open and the top one in bud. Those with four flowers on a spike may be taken with the two lower flowers open, the third flower opening, and the topmost one in the bud. The flowers should be placed immediately in cool, hard water and left in a cool, dark room or cellar until they are packed. Here they are left until the latest moment consistent with their timely arri\'al at the exhibition hall, not more than six or se^'en hours if possible. When packing, the stems should be squeezed in order to remove sur- plus water and then wrai:>ped in a strip of oiled paper. Great care should be exercised not to get water on the flowers. Each bunch should be wrapped in tissue paper and the bunches packed firmly, but not so tightly as to crush the flowers. EA'crything ])ossible should be done to insure the prompt arrival of the flowers at the exhibition hall, when they should be unpacked without delay. The flowers should be loosely arranged so that they may resume their natural form after the journey. The flowers having been put in water, the work of arranging the exhibition vases should begin. George W. Kerr, an experienced exhibitor, gi\-es the following on the arrangement of the flowers: " In staging the flowers never crowd them. Let e\-cry flower ' speak for itself.' Twenty sprays make a nice vase, and the best method of arranging them is to start by putting some grass (cut two inches long) in the mouth of the vase, as this helps to keep the stems in position. Each stem must be put in separately. Let every flower be seen as far as possible and all face one way, with the exception of such \-arietics as ha\-e the back of the standards tinted in coloring other than the ground color of the flower, when the position of such might be judiciously \'aried. One or' two pieces of foliage — a little Gysophila — or light grass, .such as Agrostis neublosa, might with advantage be used. But this should not be OA'cr- done, and only if the rules allow of it. Culture of the Sweet Pea 713 " In staging; a collection of twelve varieties, they should be stood in three rows, the back rows being tiered eight or nine inches above the other, and arrange the colors so that they do not clash. Even if the show schedule does not ask for it, name each variety with a neat card placed at the base of each vase." Two very important points for the exhibitor to observe are: (i) follow the rules as to the number of stems per vase and foliage allowed; (2) see to it that the flowers are true to name. Varieties of distinct colors should be used and those that are very nearly like others in the exhibit excluded. Finally, in placing the vases, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that a good color scheme is a great aid to success. CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION The Following Bulletins and Circulars are Available for Distribution to Those Residents of New York State Who May Desire Them 219 262 265 266 -S2 2S3 28s 2 86 2S9 291 292 293 295 Tables for computing rations for fLirni animals Diseases of ginseng Apple orchard survey of Niagara county On certain seed-infesting chalcis-flies The black rot of the grape and its control Fire blight of pears, apples, quinces, etc. The effect of fertilizers applied to timothy on the corn crop following it Seven methods of feeding young chickens The control of insect pests and plant diseases The cause of "apoplexy" in winter-fed Iambs The snow-white linden moth Lime-sulfur as a summer spray The apple red bugs Cauliflower and brussels sprouts on Long Island The black rot disease of grapes An agricultural sur\c\- of Tompkins LOunty Bl'LLKTIXS 297 3" 2 303 3<>S 307 3 "9 3T T 31 1 31'' CIRCULARS Testing the germinalion of seed corn Some essentials in cheese-making Soil drainage and fertility Suggestions concerning treatment of seed corn with deterrents against crows The relation of lime to soil improvement Studies of variation in plants The packing of apples in boxes Sweet pea studies — I Notes from the agricultural survey in Tompkins county The ceil uontent of miik The cause of " apoplexy- " in winter-fed lambs; An apple orchard survey of Ontario count\' The product irm of " hothouse "lambs Srjy beans as a supplementary silage crop The fruit-tree leaf-roller Germination of seed as affected by sulfuric acid treatment The production of new and improved vari- eties of timothy Cnnpcrative tests of corn varieties Frosts in New York- Further experiments on the economic value of root crops for New York Constitutional vigor in poultry The elm leaf-beetle Orange hawkweed or paint brush Helps for the dairy butter-maker The chemical analysis of soil (Department of Animal Husbandry) The formati'in of cow testing associations Address MAILING ROOM COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ITHACA, N. Y 716 ^v'JvO^ ^'^j'/Mv'y. APRIL, 1914 BULLETIN 342 CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMLNT STATION OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Department of Floriculture SWEET-PEA STUDIES— IV CLASSIFICATION OF GARDEN VARIETIES OF THE SWEET PEA By ALVIN C. BEAL ITHACA, NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION EXPERIMENTIMG StAFF WILLIAM A. STOCKING, Jr., M.S.A., Acting Director. ALBERT R. MANN, B.S.A.. Secretary and Editor. JOHN H. COMSTOCK, B.S., Entomology. HENRY H. WING, M.S. in Agr.. Animal Huiibandry. T. LYTTLETON LYON, Ph.D.. Soil Technology. JOHN L. STONE, B.Agr., Farm Practice and Farm Crops. JAMES E. RICE, B.S.A., Poultry Husbandry. GEORGE W. CAVANAUGH, B.S., Chemi.stry. HERBERT H. WHETZEL, M.A., Plant Pathology. ELMER O. FIPPIN, B.S.A., Soil Technology. G. F. WARREN, Ph.D.. Farm Management. CHARLES S. WILSON, A.B., M.S. A., Pomology. WILFORD M. WILSON, M.D., Meteorology. WALTER MULFORD, B.S.A., F.E., Forestry. HARRY H. LOVE, Ph.D., Plant-breeding Investigations. ARTHUR W. GILBERT, Ph.D.. Plant-breeding. DONALD REDDICK, Ph.D., Plant Pathology. EDWARD G. MONTGOMERY, M.A., Farm Crops. WILLIAM A. RILEY, Ph.D., Entomology. MERRITT W. HARPER, M.S., Animal Husbandry. J. A. BIZZELL, Ph.D.. Soil Technology. CLARENCE A. ROGERS, M.S.A.. Poultry Husbandry. GLENN W. HERRICK. B.S.A., Economic Entomology. HOWARD W. RILEY, M.E., Farm Mechanics. CYRUS R. CROSBY, A.B., Entomological Investigations. HAROLD E. ROSS. M.S. A., Dairy Industry. ELMER S. SAVAGE, M.S.A., Ph.D., Animal Husbandry. LEWIS KNUDSON, Ph.D., Plant Physiology. KENNETH C. LIVERMORE, B.S. in Agr., Farm Management, ALVIN C. BEAL, Ph.D., Floriculture. MORTIER F. BARRUS. Ph.D., Plant Pathology. GEORGE W. TAILBY, Jr., B.S.A., Superintendent of Live-stock. EDWARD S. GUTHRIE, M.S. in Agr.. Ph.D., Dairy Industry, PAUL WORK, B.S.. A.B., Olericulture. JOHN BENTLEY, Jr., B.S., M.F., Forestry. EMMONS W. LELAND, B.S.A., Soil Technology. CHARLES T. GREGORY, B.S. in Agr., Plant Pathology. WALTER W. FISK, M.S. A., Dairy Industry. ROBERT MATHESON, Ph.D., Entomology. LELA G. GROSS, Assistant Editor. The regular bulletins of the Station are sent free to persons residing in New York State who request them. H4 ■r*t '0 rf j^-i jjf /.>jridi CONTENTS PAGE Sweet-pea tests at Ithaca 217 Outdoor tests 2iq Successive fall plantings 2 ig Successive spring plantings 220 Variety tests 221 Classification of varieties 224 Methods of description 225 Descriptions of varieties 229 Open-form varieties 229 Bicolor (Blanche Ferry group) 229 Bicolor (Miscellaneous group) 231 Blue and purple shades (Bright blue) 232 Blush 233 Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 235 Carmine and rose (Rose group) 236 Cream-pink 237 Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 238 Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 239 Fancy 240 Lavender 240 Magenta-rose 241 Marbled 241 Maroon shades (Claret group) 241 Maroon shades (Maroon group) 242 Maroon shades (Maroon and violet group) 243 Mauve 244 Orange shades (Orange-pink group) 245 Orange shades (Orange-scarlet group) 245 Picotee edged (Lavender and mauve group ) 246 Pink 247 Salmon shades 248 Striped and flaked (Orange-rose group) 249 Striped and flaked (Pink-on-primrose grou]j) 249 Striped and flaked (Purple and blue group) 249 Striped red and rose (Crimson-on-white grou;.') 250 Striped red and rose (Pink-on-white group) 251 White 252 Yellow shades 254 Hooded varieties 255 Bicolor 255 Blue and purple shades (Bright blue group) 256 Blue and purple shades (Purple standard, blue wings) 257 Blue and purple shades (Violet and indigo group) ' 258 Blush 259 Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 260 Carmine and rose (Rose group) 261 Cerise 262 Cream-pink 263 Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 264 Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 266 Dark shades (Maroon group) 266 Dark shades (Maroon and bronze group ) 267 Dark shades (Maroon and violet group) 268 Fancy 270 215 2i6 Bulletin 342 PAGE Lavender 271 Magenta-rose 273 Marbled 274 Mauve 275 Orange shades 276 Picotee edged (Lavender and blue group) 277 Pieotee edged (Pink group) 279 Pink ". ^ 280 Striped and flaked (Chocolate stripes) 281 Striped and flaked (Mauve or blue) 281 Striped and flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) 282 Striped and flaked (Red and rose on white ground) 283 White 285 Yellow shades 286 Extreme hooded varieties 288 Snapdragon 288 Waved varieties 290 Bicolor 290 Blue 291 Blush 293 Carmine 295 Cerise 296 Cream, buff, and ivory 297 Cream-pink (deep) 301 Cream-pink (pale) 303 Crimson 306 Fancy 309 Lavender 310 Magenta 316 Marbled 317 Maroon 317 Maroon-purple 320 Maroon-red 322 Mauve 322 Orange-pink 326 Orange-scarlet 329 Picotee edged (Cream ground) 331 Picotee edged (White ground) 332 Pink 333 Pink (Pale pink group) 336 Rose 337 Salmon shades 338 Scariet 339 Striped and flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) 343 Striped and flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) 343 Striped and flaked (Pink on primrose ground) 344 Striped and flaked (Purple and blue) 345 Striped and flaked (Red on white ground) 347 Striped and flaked (Rose on primrose ground) 349 White 349 The best varieties of sweet peas 352 Waved varieties 352 Varieties of open and hooded forms 352 Early-flowering varieties 353 Market varieties 353 Index to varieties . 354 SWEET-PEA STUDIES— IV CLASSIFICATION OF GARDEN VARIETIES OF THE SWEET PEA Alvin C. Beal (Received for publication January 3, 1914) SWEET-PEA TESTS AT ITHACA The great epoch in the growing of sweet peas in America began witli the introduction of tlie Eclrford varieties in 18S6, and received impetus from tlie introduction of tlie American variety Blanclie Ferr}^ in 1889. About this time it was discovered that, owing to climatic conditions, CaHfomia was adapted to the production of large quantities of sweet-pea seed. This made it possible to meet the heavy demand that arose during the last decade of the nineteenth century, when sweet peas were unprece- dentedly popular. At that period sweet-pea exhibitions were held, and flowers were grown in almost every garden. No other annual flower, to the writer's knowledge, has ever approached the sweet pea in the magni- tude of its growth in popular interest. Then came a wane for a few years, apparently due to the cultural methods employed and to the appearance of diseases. But tlie flower is again coixiing into its own. In the meantime the waved type has been developed. In the closing days of Mr. Eckford's busy life he saw the awakening interest in sweet peas on the part of the English people. The introduction of the variety Countess Spencer in 1904 raised this interest to fever heat, and a national sweet-pea society — which is now one of the largest horticultural associations in the world, numbering over one thousand subscribers — was organized in England. Many growers have undertaken the work of further improving this flower, and, due to this and to the sportive tendencies of the waved type of sweet peas, the number of varieties has increased at a rate hitherto undreamed of. In the contest for novelties many growers have found the same sports, have named them, and have sent them out, so that we have more than one name for the same variety. It appears also tliat some growers have been in too great a hurry to send out novelties before assuring themselves that their varieties were fixed. Sometimes a seedsman thought he had a fi.xcd stock, only to find, after having intro- duced it, that it varied wherever grown. The novelties for igii include not less than eighty-five varieties. For several years past the offerings have exceeded fifty varieties a year, so that now there are ahnost a thousand variety names of sweet peas. 217 2i8 Bulletin 342 With the view of furthering interest in the sweet pea as a flower for the masses, tlie American Sweet Pea Society, at its inception in July, 1909, decided to establish trial grounds for the elimination of synonyms and the testing of new varieties. The trial grounds were established at Cornell University, through a cooperative arrangement between the Department of Horticulture of the New York State College of Agriculture and the society. The latter was to supply the seed, and the former was to conduct the tests in conjunction with a committee on nomenclature appointed by the society. In order to enlist the largest number of growers in the work of the trial grounds each year, a circular letter was sent to every firm offering new varieties of sweet peas. The growers named below have sent varieties for trial : Great Britain: Aldersey & Marsden Jones, Tilston, Malpas, Cheshire W. E. Alsen, Denmead, Waterloo ville, Hants; R. H. Bath, Wisbech S. Bide & Son, Farnham, Surrey; James Box, Haj'^wards Heath, Sussex William Deal and E. J. Deal, Kelvedon; Silas Cole, Northampton; T. H Dipnall, Hadleigh, Suffolk; Dobbie & Co., Edinburgh, Scotland; Miss Hilda Hemus, Upton-on-Severn; Kelway & Son, Langport, vSomersetshire ; E. W. King & Co., Coggeshall, Essex; Alexander Malcolm, Duns, Scot- land; S. Miller, Newport, Isle of Wight; G. Stark & Son, Great Ryburgh, Norfolk; Sutton & Sons, Reading; Robert Sydenham, Birmingham; W. J. Unwin, Histon, Cambridgeshire; Watkins & Simpson, London. United States: A. T. Boddington, 342 West Fourteenth Street, New York; W. Atlee Burpee & Co., North Fifth Street, Philadelphia; Peter Henderson & Co., 35 Cortlandt Street, New York; C. C. Morse & Co., 48-36 Jackson Street, San Francisco; W. W. Rawson & Co. (now Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Companj^, Boston; Waldo Rohnert, Gilroy, California; Vaughan's Seed Store, 31-33 West Randolph Street, Chicago; James Vick's Sons, Rochester, New York; Ant. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, New Jersey. From this Hst it will be seen that most of the really progressiA^e growers who are intensely interested in the permanent development of sweet-i.iea culture ha^^c assisted in the work. To these and t(3 all who have assisted in the work the American Sweet Pea Society and the New York State College (.)f Agriculture are indebted. It is hoped that the cordial support liitherto given to the work may be continued for the further advancement of the sweet pea in popular favor. On receipt of the seeds a list of all the varieties, with the date of their receipt, was made. A card index was also prepared, so that any arrangement of the varieties could be made. On these cards the trial numlier was entered so that the variety could be quickly found in the field. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 219 outdoor tests In addition to the jjurposes of the trials before mentioned, it was thought desirable to make some cultural tests as to the effect of the time, depth, and thickness of planting on the resultant crop. With this in view, plantings were made in the fall and in the spring. Successive fall plantings Many of the dealers sent in seeds promptly, and in order to test the feasibility of growing sweet peas successftilly from fall planting the trials were begun very soon after the writer entered upon the work. Plantings made at this station at intervals of ten days, from October 20 to Novem- ber 30, i90(), gave the following results: TABLE I. Resi'lts from Fall Plantings Variety Date of planting (1909) Condition of soil Num- ber of seeds sown Num- ber of seeds that germi- nated First liloom (1910) October 20 October 30 ■ November 10 November 20 November 30 Oetober 20 October 30 • November 10 November 20 November 30 October 20 October 30 ^ November 10 November 20 November 30 E.xcellen t I ^0 14 58 20 5 69 99 45 6 97 92 87 77 24 June 6 June 6 June 6 June 15 June 20 June 19 June 19 June 19 June 19 June 19 June 20 June 20 June 20 June 20 June 20 Mont Blanc. . . . King Edward VII Countess Spencer. . . . vSlightlv frozen Excellent Excellent Very wet and cold . . . Excellent Slightly frozen Excellent Excellent Very wet and cold , . Excellent Slightly frozen Excellent Excellent Very wet and cold . . 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 In all these trials there was no top growth, Ijut some plants of the first two plantings were just ])ierciiig the surface, when winter set in. The third planting germinated, but the last two did not ai^pear above the surface of the ground until the following April (1910), when they appeared on the 4th and the 15th, respecti\'ely. The results indicate that the planting should be delayed as late as is practicable, but not so late that the seed must be sown in a cold, wet, heavy soil. 220 Bulletin 342 Successive spring plantings The spring plantings were not made at uniformly regular intervals, as were the fall plantings, because of the cold, wet weather of April, 1910, and the heaA^}' rains of May. However, the results are comparable, for the same varieties, from the same consignment of seed, used in the fall plantings were used in these tests. TABLE 2. Results from S PRING PLA^ TINGS Number Varietjf Date of planting Number of seeds sown of seeds that germi- nated Date of germina- tion First bloom March 12 120 18 April 1 5 June 18 March 22 120 49 April 18 June 20 April 4 120 92 April 20 June 2: April 16 120 90 April 30 June 27 Mont Blanc April 27 120 lOI May 10 June 30 May 7 150 141 May 16 July 5 May 18 125 118 May 30 July 12 June I 175 146 June 16 August 18 March 12 120 81 April 1 5 June 25 March 22 120 103 April 20 June 27 April 4 120 104 April 27 July 2 April 16 120 102 April 30 Julv 5 King Edward VII ■ April 27 120 no May 10 July 6 [ May 7 120 108 May 18 July 15 May 18 125 114 May 30 June 30 June I 150 133 June 16 August 26 March 12 120 III April 1 5 June 30 March 22 120 117 April 20 July I April 4 120 no April 27 July 2 Countess Spencer ■ April 16 120 III May 3 July 4 April 27 120 no May 10 July 7 May 7 120 118 May 16 July 15 May 18 120 115 May 30 July 20 , June I 150 131 June 16 August 26 It is very apparent, in view of the results from the gennination of the variety Mont Blanc, that white-seeded sweet peas should not be sown until the ground has thoroughly thawed. The most significant fact in connection with these trials was the manner in which the dry, hot weather hurried forward the April plantings so that they came into bloom together. The height of the plants varied directly with the time of planting, the first being the tallest. The amount of bloom on all spring plantings ClassiI'Ication of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 221 after the first three was much reduced and the length of the stems was considerably less. H(_)wever, the late April and early May ])lantinj^s produced a number of blooms, and with more rain and with fertilizers the results would doubtless have been fairly satisfactory. Due to the dry, hot weather, the June planting did not flower until August, after a very feeble existence. When the mildew appeared in the latter part of August these plants were quickly destroyed, as the disease caught them at the time when they were beginning more rapid growth. The results of igio indicate that plantings of garden varieties made after May 10 are really not worth while. variety tests Each year a different area has been selected for growing the plants. Soil as nearly uniform as possible has been chosen. The land is plowed in the autumn, and furrows are opened with the plow so that barnyard manure can be placed under the rows preparatory to spring planting. When the furrows are closed, if a slight ridge is left over the row it can be raked down as soon as the surface dries in the spring, thus facilitating early planting. The varieties under test in 1910, 1911, and igi2 were sown in the open ground as early as possible. In 19 13 all the varieties were sown in pots in March and were planted later in the field. The results from the latter method were so much better that that method will be continued. In the first year the rows were 20 feet long and 4 feet apart. Four hundred and five of these rows were planted, giving a total length of row of 8100 feet, or a little over one and one half mile. The total length of row grown in 191 1 was 4500 feet, in 191 2 it was 3000 feet, and in 19 13 it was about 2000 feet. In the first two years a large number of the older varieties were grown, but in the last two years only the leading varieties of the older types were grown. The work has now reached the statue when only one variety of the older type in each color section will be grown for comparison. A record was made of the number of seeds planted of each variety, and later the number that germinated was recorded. Of the standard varieties 120 seeds were usually planted in each row; with samples that appeared to be of poor quality, however, a good stand was assured by sowing more seeds. The question is sometimes asked whether old sweet- pea seed will grow. An opportunity to test this was aft'orded by seeds sent in by Mr. Morse for study of the obsolete types. This seed was saved some years before, when variety tests were being made, and the following results shed some light on the question : Bulletin 342 TABLE 3. Germination of Old Sweet-pea Seed in 1910 (The asterisk denotes white-seeded varieties) Variety Crop of Number planted on April 15 Number germi- nated Date of germi- nation Black Brown Stripe Purple Brown Stripe Striped Celestial Columbia Juanita Daybreak Gaiety Wawona Duchess of York Splendour Large Yellow Red Large Yellow Open Form* (Many seeds of this variety are split) Fairy Queen AHce Eckford Lady Beaconsfield Countess of Shrewsbury Delight : Lemon Queen Peach Blossom Crown Princess of Prussia Ignea Carmine Invincible Brilliant Cardinal Bronze King Empress of India Emily Lynch Coronet Orange Prince Meteor Alba Magnifiea* Queen of England* Dorothy Vick Princess Victoria Rising Sun Duchess of Edinburgh Queen of the Isles Adonis Miss Hunt Novelty Fluted Primrose* Ovid King Edward VII Countess Spencer Oddity Inconstancy* Golden Gleam* Mont Blanc* 1904 1902 1902 1902 1903 1904 1901 1903 1904 1903 1902 1901 1901 1904 1903 1902 1903 1903 1904 1903 1903 1904 1904 1904 1 90 1 1904 1904 1902 1903 1902 1903 1903 1903 1903 1902 1903 1904 1904 1904 1903 1901 1904 1909 1909 1904 1902 1904 1909 19 40 92 51 42 75 40 77 103 82 75 3 61 104 78 47 98 53 105 31 85 127 1 12 107 14 90 115 15 46 52 50 62 99 87 46 57 99 126 102 62 I 114 85 83 115 6 101 146 May May May May May May May May May May ID May 10 May 10 May 10 May 6 May 8 May 12 May 8 May 10 May 4 May 10 May 4 4 4 May May -, May 4 May 6 May 6 4 4 May May May 12 May 10 May 4 May 4 May 10 May 6 May 14 May 10 May 4 May 4 May 4 May 8 May 14 May 4 May 4 May 5 May 4 May 12 May 4 May 4 Classification of Garden \^\rieties of the Swei!t Pea 22] It is apparent that the wliite-sceded varieties lose their vitality in i;reater degree than do the blaek-seeded \'arietics of the same year's ero]). Nearly all varieties from the 1904 crop <(a\'c as good results as were obtained, in general, from the 1900 crop. Only a small lumiber of seeds were recei\'eci of the new varieties and of the novelties. The smallest number of seeds of any variety was five, but in se\'eral cases only eight or ten were received. When a few seeds of a varict}' were to be sown it was arranged to sow one or two other varieties in the same row, lea\nng a space of eighteen inches between two separate varieties. In the past season, 19 13, the length of row was reduced to ten feet because of the greater ease of supporting the plants and because in many cases only five to ten seeds were received. If an equal number of plants were obtained, one half or all of a ten-foot r(3w could be planted to a A-ariety. A crosswalk six feet wide separated each section. This allowed for spraying the jjlants when necessary. The \-arieties were arranged according to color, for the purpose of easy comparison in the deteiTnination of synonyms and in the estimation of the value of varieties, relative [productiveness, and other points. The arrangement insured the A^arictics' being sown or planted at the same time, on as nearly as possible the same soil, and with the same exposure. The question of a suitable support was given considerable thought. After an investigation of the A^arious forms of wire netting suitable for the purpose, it was found that its expense was too great to allow of its use with this area of sweet peas. The method adopted was to place a seven-foot stake at the end of each row and use heavy twine for supporting the plants. The tAvine Avas stretched along one side of the row and back on the other, enclosing the plants. While this method was reasonably economical it was not A^ery satisfactory, for the reason that the expansion and contraction of the twine prevented it from supporting the plants properly. The slackened strings allowed the wind to topple the plants alternately back and forth It was found that this could be overcome by placing the supports closer together. In 19 13 the use of the string support alone was abandoned, and a strip of Avire netting twenty- four inches \Aride Avas used near the ground. It was found that this pro- vided a better support for the young plants, for if the}' were torn loose by the wind they could be tied up with raffia. As soon as the plants were well started, little difficvdty was experienced in keeping them straight. The use of strings for supporting the tops of the plants has been found satisfactory, provided the plants do not reach a total height of more than four feet. If under garden conditions the plants grow taller than four feet, the width of the strip of netting should be correspondinglj^ increased. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES The rapidly increasing number of varieties of sweet peas offered since Mr. Eckford began tlie improvement of the flower has made it imperative that some method of classifying varieties shoiild be adopted. In the autumn of iSg6 the Sunset Seed and Plant Company issued a small work entitled " Sweet Pea Review," in which was proposed a classification of sweet peas based on form. Average specimens of the largest and most perfect standards of Eckford's introductions of iSg6 and 1897 were selected, and, each being laid down naturally, with the front side uppermost, a circle was drawn around it just touching the extreme edges. Within each circle an outline drawing representing a certain type was made. TT ,WEET Peas KEV TO FIGURES I— Atke Eckford 3 -Counte** o( Shrewsbury J-Uttl« Dorrlt 4 -.CaptlvaUaa 5 -Countess of AberJeen 6— Prima Doitna 7-Loveiy 8— niludo 0-MBr« 10 Royal Ro«e f I CiMucllc 12— CrowD Jcwal r.jjj Fig. 24. — Classification of sweet peas, suggested tjy the Sunset Seed and Plant Company, San Francisco, California The diameter of the circles was thirty-eight miUimeters, or a trifle over one and one half inch, and represented the grandijiora size as this company understood it. A perfect type of flower is illustrated as one in which the farthest projections of the standard, wings, keel, and cah-x exactly touch the thirty-eight-millimeter circle. The ninety A'arieties of sweet peas grown by the company were classified into twelve tvpes. This classification based on form has not been adopted by growers of sweet peas. The method was copyrighted, which possibly had something to do with the fact that it never became popular. A more important reason, no doubt, is the fact that the size, and also to some extent the form, 224 Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 225 of s\vcct-i)ca flowt'rs ;iro deiicndcnt on the culture that they receive. Under a hot sun the \'arious flowers on a plant assume different forms according to the length of time that the blossoms have been open. At the present time the system would not be very serviceable in describing varieties of the waved form, since the amount of the waving or the folding of the standard varies with the variety, the strain, or the stock, as well as with the cultural conditions. Although varieties were rajjidly multiplying, seedsmen continued to list the names alphabetically. Mr. Burpee, who catalogued one hundred and fifty varieties in 1S99 — the most extensive collection, offered up to that time by any seedsman, so far as the writer can learn — classified thera in this manner. methods of description The Classification Committee a]:)]3ointed at the Bicentenary Celebration at London in 1900 adopted the follo\ving scheme of classification, based on color instead of on form: Self s : Flowers with one color only ; to be classified as : White Seffs Blush Selfs Yellow or Buff Sells Pink Selfs Rose Selfs Carmine Selfs Purple and Maroon Seffs Crimson Seffs Lavender Seffs Mauve Seffs . Blue Selfs Salmon and Orange Selfs Flakes: Flowers with a decided ground color, on which are flakes and stripes of another color ; the color of the flakes to detemiine the class : Red and Rose Flakes Mauve Flakes Maroon and Purple Flakes • Blue Flakes Bicolors: Flowers with two colors, one found in the standard and the other in the wings; the color of the standard to determine the class: Red and Rose Bicolors Salmon and Orange Bicolors Fancies: Flowers of several colors, and such as are not provided for in other divisions. The ground color to determine the class: White Ground Fancies Yellow or Buff" Ground Fancies Picotee Edge: Flowers of one or more colors, but having an edging of a distinct color or shade around the standard and the wings. No subdivision is as yet considered necessary. The seedsmen soon began to list their varieties under the principal colors, but as a rule no classification was made as to form. The Sweet Pea Annual for 1906 gives the following color classes: White, Crimson and Scarlet, Cerise, Rose and Carmine, Pink, Blush, Blue, YeUow classification that was used until 191 1, except that the Cream Pink I the Marbled class were added. "he color classes for igi i show that Crimson and Scarlet were separated, le the Orange class has been divided into Orange Pink, Orange Scarlet, [ Salmon Shades. The Picotee Edged class is subdivided into Cream )unds and White Grounds. A Lilac class has been added. There is 3tal of twenty-five classes. During this period the National Sweet Pea Society of England listed best varieties under each color class, including the best variety of the type, which was indicated by an asterisk. The Sweet Pea Annual for 1913 gives the following color classes : Bicolor; le; Blush; Carmine; Cerise; Cream, Buff, and Ivory; Cream-pink lie); Cream-pink (Deep); Crimson; Fancy; Lavender; Lilac; Magenta; irbled and Watered; Maroon; Maroon Purple; Maroon Red; Mauve ark); Mauve (Pale); Orange-pink; Orange-scarlet; Picotee Edged ■cam Ground) ; Picotee Edged (White Ground) ; Pink (Deep) ; Pink lie); Rose; Salmon Shades; Scarlet; Striped and Flaked (Purple and le) ; Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on Gray Ground) ; Striped and iked (Red and Rose) ; White. A total of thirty-two classes. iVhen one considers the advance from a classification that comprised y White, Cream or Light Yellow, Light Blush, Light Pink, Deep Pink, se. Red and Scarlet, Shades of Orange and Salmon, Pink and White, le and White, Claret and Maroon, Striped and Variegated, Lavender i Light Blue, and Blue and Purple, one can appreciate the fact that : classification of sweet peas has undergone evolution. Moreover, this [icates more clearly than does anything else the marvelous development the flower. '.n the Field Notes on Sweet Peas, 1907, edited by L. L. Morse, it is ted that the most natural classification is according to color, and that 'St seedsmen recognize such an arrangement. Mr. Morse then calls ention to the fact that another classification, almost as important as it of color, is that of foitn, referring to the size and the shape of the ndard. He classes the varieties as follows: Hooded form Open form rge Aurora Large Triumph ;dium . . . Countess of Radnor Medium Blanche Ferry lall Blushing Beauty Small Crown Princess of Prussia The Countess Spencer group, which was just coming in, was classified > cq U Ci Bulletin 342 Plate XV Mrs. Sankey Spencer Queen of England Dorothy Eckford Classification of Garden \'arieties of the Sweet Pea 227 distinct in form. The size of the varieties is of less importance at the present time, for the waved, or Spencer, sweet peas are usually of very large size, and if any of the older \'arieties are to persist in the trade they must be of the largest size. The varieties with medium-sized blooms are now obsolete, as were the small-flowered varieties of Morse's list. The principal characters on which a classification of sweet peas may be based are habit of the plant, form of the flower, and color of the flower. In habit of plant, the dwarf, bush, winter-flowering, and garden t^qDcs are recognized. In general there are two main groups, the dwarf forms and the tall forms, the latter including the winter-flowering and garden types. The form of the flower has been evolved from the reflexed form, through the open and the hooded, to the wa\'cd form. The open form with the flat standard may be classified into the notched and rounded types. There are various degrees of hooding, of which the extreme form is the snapdragon, now grown onlj' as a curiosit}'. In like manner we find various degrees of waviness in the waved, or Spencer, form; these can be placed in groups according to the amount of waviness, being equal to, less than, or greater than. Countess Spencer under the same con- ditions. The writer proposes the following classification of sweet peas: Garden type Winter-flowering type Dwarf type {Cupid) Open form Open form Hooded form Hooded form Waved form Waved form The dwarf type is not of sufficient imjDortance to be subdi\'ided, but it embraces varieties with flowers of both open and hooded form. Under each form the varieties are classified by color, using the color classification of the Enghsh National Sweet Pea Society. So far as possible, the Repertoire de Couleurs was used in determining the color of all the varieties of sweet peas grown. In the description of each variety the relative size of the flower is recorded. The descriptive blank shown on page 228 was prepared for recording the data on varieties. The plantings in the field were labeled by number only, and the corresponding number was placed under its heading on the card; so that in making the records it was not known who sent the variety under examination. The data on the upper part of the card were not entered until after the season was over. This practice was followed in order to keep the records free from the possibility of bias as to the estimate ])laced by others on a variety. The infomiation given is therefore our own, except when it is specifically stated to be the opinion of another. 228 Bulletin 342 CO < H W M o H H O ffi ;3 ^ B cd cr 'C ^C/^ jj '^ a s ^ s" H^' o - OJ cu , - ^ o O' O a ■3 rf MO V, tL, tH 00 U m O fT-j fe Oh > fe be is S=3 w ft r- vV. C3^ 5 &i 2-^ -O tu3; TO O w g w t9 J' bo C^ cu > cd w o . o X; T) Clj 3 E S 01 c -a c^ _o c Cl> >> a ^ cu W) 1-^:3 st 13 3 ^ £ 1: 3 ft c cfl nn from Cardinal. Ignea, Brilliant, Mars, Salopian, and King Edward VII were the hooded forms of this color. King Edward Spencer is the waved form. INVINCIBLE SCARLET Originated by Stephen Brown. Introduced by Carter, 1866. Prscriplioii in brief - A erimson-searlet variety. Synonyms — Morse states that this is the same as Carmine Invincible. Remarks — ( >n July 11, 1865, Mr. Brown gained the lirst First Class Certificate ever awarded b\' the Royal Horticultural Society for a sweet pea. This variety was catalogued in the American trade from 1870 until 1900. KING EDWARD IMPROVED Originated by . Introduced by Watkms & Simpson, 1910. Donated by AVatkins &■ Simpson. Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. Comparison — An improved strain of King Edward VII. Remarks — A fi.xed stock. KING EDWARD VII Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. Donated by Boildington, iqio; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard earminc-purple 156 (4); wings carmine- purple 15(1 (1-2). Flower large, open form; standard large, flat or occasionahy slightly hooded; wings large, long and broad, conceahng the keel. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong sterns. Fragrance very shght or none. Bloom profuse, continuous. No burning. A garden or market variety. Growth tall, strong, and healthy. Remarl^s — This variety represents the acme of the crimson-scaidet varieties of the open or the hooded form. King Edward Spencer is the waved form. Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) BAKER'S SCARLET Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. Description in brief — " .Almost pure .scarlet. Same shade as Queen Alexandra but not so well formed as standard turns backward." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Queen Alexandra. FADELESS SCARLET GEM Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1907. Donated by Morse, 1910. Description in brief — A bright seariet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (1-2). This strain of Scarlet Gem does not turn purple. Flower of medium size, 0])en form; 240 Bulletin 342 standard of medium size, flat, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom pro- fuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Foliage of a bluish green color. Remarks — Is not fadeless; it soon loses its bright appearance, but is free from the objectionable purple tinge in the original variety. SCARLET GEM Originated by Eckfortl. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. Donated by Burpee. 191 1. Description in brief — A bright scarlet variety. Description in detail — (See the description preceding, of Fadeless Scarlet Gem.) Comparison — Fadeless Scarlet Gem is supposed to be a better selection. No difference was seen in the trials at this station in 191 1. Remarks — Unfortunately the flower turns dark soon after it opens, becoming almost black. W. E. GLADSTONE Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in brief — " Brightest shade of scarlet." — May's catalogue, 1894. Fancy SYBIL ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, creamy white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy wliite 10 (3I. Flower large, open form; standard large, flat, occasionally with notched top; wings large, spreading. Flowers two, irregularly placed on medium stems. Moderate fra- grance. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, moderately strong growth. Comparison — An open-form Marchioness of Cholmondeley. Lavender CREOLE Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. Donated by Morse. 1910. Description in brief — A variety with pinkish lavender standard and lavender wings. Description in detail — Color of standard pale light lilac 187 (4); wings heliotrope 188 (i), with back of ageratum blue 201 (i). Flower large; standard large, flat; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, usually three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, tall growth. Remarks — Not more than fifty per cent true. Morse states, however, that the variety was withdrawn because of the impossibility of getting it more than seventy-five per cent true. PRINCESS MAY Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton. 1893. Description in brief — A variety with pale mauve standard and lavender wings. Flower of medium size. Comparison — Superseded by Lady Grizel Hamilton. Remarks — Offered in the United States by Henderson m 1894. Classification of Garden Varieties of the »Sweet Pea 241 Magenta-Rose CALYPSO Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. Description in brief — A magenta-flushed and -veined mauve flower, of medium siie and open form. Marbled AZURE FAIRY Originated by . Introduced by R. H. Bath, 1910. Description in brief — " French grey ground marbled pale blue." — Bath's catalogue. Remarks — When grown in 1910 this variety was very unfixed. The majority of our plants were Helen Pierce, with a few David R. Williamson. We believe this variety has been improved. HELEN PIERCE Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1905. Description in brief — White-veined, mottled and marbled with bright blue. Description in detail — Standard marbled and flaked with bluish violet 203 (3) on a purplish-tinted white ground 6 (3-4); wings lilacy white 7 (3-4); base of petals not colored; back of standard heavily marbled with blue; lower edges of wings and base of standards often fleshy white 9 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Remarks — Distinct, f )nc of the indispensable varieties for a complete collection. Maroon Shades (Claret group) CARMEN SYLVA Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Descriplio7i in brief — Standard claret at base, shading to almost white edges; wings lilac. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine 116 (i), becoming lighter toward edges, which are rosy white 8 (2-3); wings lilac 176 (4), edges lobelia blue 205 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, with narrow base and notched top; wings short and narrow. Flowers two to three, generally two, equidistant on medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. ETNA Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Standard amaranth-red. with light edges; wings rosy magenta. Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (4), back purple-brown 166 (3-4); wings rosy magenta 169 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, with narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, sometimes three, on slender stems of medium length. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Comparison — Vesuvius is much the same, but is more blue. Remarks — One of the most famous oi Laxton's varieties. 242 Bulletin 342 RISING SUN Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. Donated by yinrse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Standard carmine-purple, with rosy white edges; wings mauve-rose. Description in detail — Color in center of standard carmine-purple 156 (2), with edges rosy white 8 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 d) to violet-rose 1.54 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, reflexed, with notched top; wings long, very narrow, partly open. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns badly. Stems short and weak. Plant of sliort, weak, slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Remarks — One of the worst varieties to liurn m hot weather. VESUVIUS Originated by J. C. Schmidt. Introduced by Schmidt, 18S6. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Color of flower magenta and violet-purple. Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (3-4), and rosy white 8 (4) at the edges; wings bishop's violet (purple) 189 (\\ and bright violet-purple on the back. Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, stiff, notched; wings long and narrow. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong groisth. Comparison — Carmen Sylva is similar, but is more carmine. Remarks — Offered by Joseph Breck in 1S87; by Farquhar in 1886 Maroon Shades (Maroon group) BLACK KNIGHT Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1910. Description in brief — A very deep maroon. Description in detail — Color of standard nearest to rich pansy-violet igi (4), but with more red than 191; wings rich pansy-violet 191 (1-2), veins darker. Back of standard is glossy. Flower large, open form; standard large, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance slight. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green; pods green. Remarks — One of the darkest varieties, and the best of its color in the old type. BLACK MICHAEL Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, pure maroon self. Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 174 {3-4); wings a little lighter. Flower large, open form; standard large, edges reflexed, round top with loop; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two. seldom three, on long, strong stems. Plant of merjium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; the entire plant has a blue cast; pods colored on the edge. Comparison — General effect similar to Black Knight. Synonyms — Regma, introduceil as an Improved Black IMichael, appears to be the same. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 243 BOREATTON Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckfonl, 1888. Description in brief — A deep maroon self, with a medium-sized, open-form flower. Comparison — This variety is a little lighter than Stanley. Boreatton, Stanley, and Black Knight form a series with gradually deepening color. CARDINAL WOLSELEY Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 11 of this station this variety is described as follows: " Flowers large. Standard fiat, slightly wedged. Color, standard crimson, wings inaroon, rich. , Bloom somewhat profuse." Remarks — Shown in color illustration on back cover of May's catalogue for 1895. The introducer called the color a deep crimson. EMPRESS OF INDIA Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in brief — " Darkest shade of purple." — May's catalogue. REGINA Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. Donated by W. W. Rawson & Co., 1910. Description in brief — A dark maroon self. Synonyms — Seems to be Black Michael. Bolton called this variety an improved Black Michael. STANLEY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893, Donated by Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, open-form, deep maroon self. Comparison — Is deeper-colored than Boreatton, but not so dark as Black Knight. Remarks — Reputed to be a cross between Captain of the Blues and Splendour. Maroon Shades (Maroon and Violet group) BLACK Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A medium-sized, dark violet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 193 (4); wings rich pansy- violet 191 (i), back 191 (4). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, fiat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and narrow. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Synonyms — Invincible Black is the same variety. Remarks — One of the oldest varieties. Mentioned in sweet-pea literature as early as 1 793 1 and catalogued by Thorburn of New York in 1824. NEGRO Originated by Introduced by H. J. Jones, 1908. Description in brief — Deep maroon and dark blue flower. 244 Bulletin 342 PEACOCK Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. Description in brief — Standard red, wings blue. SULTAN Originated by . Introduced by Laxton, Description in brief — Standard maroon; wings lilae, bordered with Ijlue. Comparison — Superseded by Monarch. Mauve CAPXrVATION Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1, 1912. Description in brief — A medium-sized, purple-magenta variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bluish lilac 183 (2-3); wings a lighter tint. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, irregular, sometimes crumpled, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; pedicels red; catyx often colored. Remarks — A distinct variety. PRINCESS LOUISE Description in brief — Standard light magenta-pink, wings lilac. Synonyms — Hutchins gave this as a synonym of Violet Queen in his catalogues for 1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897. Remarks — Offered in United States by Burpee in 1887, and listed each year until 1898. Burpee published a color plate of Princess Louise, Invincible Carmine, and Bronze Prince in his catalogue for 1887. This is the first color plate of sweet peas in an American catalogue. THE QUEEN Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A small flower, purplish mauve. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (2-3), Flower below medium size, open form; standard below medium size, flat, with slightly notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, equi- distant on stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Violet Queen is deeper and more blue. Remarks — An unattractive variety. VIOLET QUEEN Originated by . Introduced by Carter, 1878. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A small, open flower; standard vinous-raauve, wings violet- purple. Description in detail — Color of standard vinous-mauve 184 (2-3); wings bright violet- purple 190 (i), becommg more blue as flower withers. Flower small, open form; Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 245 standard small, flat, wedge-shaped, with notched top and narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Comparison — The Queen is similar, but ligliter. Emily Eckford Is the perfected form. Remarks — Messrs. Carter advertised this variety by means of a colored plate in their catalogue. This was the first sweet pea so figured. Henderson offered it to the American trade in 1882. Orange Shades (Orange-pink group) EVELYN BYATT Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1906. Description in brief — A brilliant scarlet-orange variety^. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4) ; wings old rose 144 (i), back purple-rose 150 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, without apical notch; wings large, long, nearly as long as standard, broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse. Burns ver)' badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — More attractive than Gorgeous. HERBERT SMITH Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Robert Sj'dcnham, 1908. Description in brief — Orange-pink in color. Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Gorgeous. Orange Shades (Orange-scarlet group) COUNTESS OF POWIS Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. Description in brief — " Glowing orange suffused light purple." — Originator's descrip- tion, catalogue, 1897. GORGEOUS Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. Description in brief — A medium-sized variety. Standard orange-scarlet; wings rose, tinged with orange. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4); wings bright rose 128 (l), strongly tinged with orange. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings short and broad, partly open. Fragrance slight. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Stems medium in length and strength. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Comparison — A deeper and brighter color than Countess of Powis, Meteor, and Orange Prince, which form a series in the order named. HETTY GREEN Originated by H. E. Ward. Introduced by Bolton, 1907. Description in brief — "Bright orange scarlet, wings rosy crimson." — Catalogue of National Sweet Pea Society. 246 Bulletin 342 METEOR Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Orange-pink, wings orange-rose. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings long and broad. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, eontinuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height. Comparison — A slightly deeper color than Orange Prince. MILDRED WARD Originated by Ward. Introduced by Sydenham. 1907. Description in brief — An orange-scarlet variety. ORANGE PRINCE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — " A bright orange pink." — Hutchins' catalogue. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (i); wings violet-rose 154 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, reflexed, sometimes crumpled, with notched top; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two, on strong stems of medium length. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Remarlis — Received award by Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1883. Offered in United States by Breck in 1887. Picotee Edged (Lavender and Mauve group) BLUE EDGED Originated by Major Trevor Clarke. Introduced by Carter, i860. Synonyms — Blue Hybrid was probably identical. Remartts — This variety is given in the Sweet Pea Annual, and in Sweet Peas Up to Date (edition of 1910), as first introduced in 1883. This is an error of date. The variety was catalogued by Vick as early as 1872, if not earlier. The first of the picotee-edged blues. CAPTAIN CLARKE Originated by . Introduced by C. Sharpe & Co. Description in brief — White-edged and penciled with carmine; wings edged with blue. Description in detail — Color of standard shaded violet-rose 154 (2-3) on a lilacy white 7 (4) ground; wings lilacy white, shaded lilac-mauve 196 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, with notched top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually three, equidistant on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Remarks — Formerly known also under name " Tricolor." Columbia, another tricolor variety, is striped. Offered 1)y Breck in 1885. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 247 SPLENDID LILAC Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with a lilac-blue standard, and white wings edged with blue. Description in detail — Color of standard 1)luish hiae 1.S3 (4). back 183 (l) ; wings white, edged and shadcil with ageratum blue 201 (1-4). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, wedge-shaped, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and narrow. Flowers one to two, sometimes only one, on short stems. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green. Remarks — An unattractive variety, due to poor contrasts in color. Offered by Burpee in 1887. Pink BRIDESMAID Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. Description in brief — A medium-sized, deep pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center violet-rose 154 (3); wings mauve-rose 153 (i ). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two, on medium stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color shown. Comparison — A deeper color than Katherine Tracy, but otherwise similar. Brides- maid was an improvement on Princess Beatrice. CROWN PRINCESS OF PRUSSIA Originated by . Introduced by Haage Sz Schmidt, 1868-1869. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Light rose, shading deeper toward center. Description in detail — Color of standard shading from mauve-rose 153 (i) to rosy white 8 (i); wings mauve-rose 153 (l); color is deeper at base of standard and on dorsal edges of wings. Flower small, open form; standard small, bailly reflexed, with notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two lo three, on long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Moderately but continu- ously productive. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow and pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Colors weaker than those of Peach Blossom. Remarks — Catalogued by C. Platz, of Erfurt, in 1870. Distributed in England by Sharpe in 1871. Probably the first of the pink varieties. DUCHESS OF MARLBORO Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in brief — " A rich rose color." — May's catalogue. Description' tn detail — In Bulletin iii of this station the variety is described as follows: " Flowers small. Standard flat. Color, standard jjink, wings rose-pink. Bloom profuse." Remarks — A colored illustration of this variety appeared on the back cover of May's catalogue for 1895. 248 BULLETIX 342 DUKE OF KENT Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in detail — In Bulletin III of this station is the following description of this variety: " Flowers small. Standard flat, wedge-shape. Color, rose-pmk. Bloom medium." Remarks — Introducer gives color as a beautiful carmine. ISA ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Ecktord. 1887. Description in brief — Creamy white, suffused with rosy pink. Comparison — Peach Blossom is the larger form of this variety. Crown Princess of Prussia is somewhat similar. KATHERINE TRACY Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferry, 1895. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A soft pink, with lighter edges. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center 153 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings of medium size, short, partly open. Flowers two, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden variety. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color shown. Remarks — One of the most famous American varieties. PEACH BLOSSOM Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Deep pink, shading to light pink on edges. Description in detail — Color of standard shades from mauve-rosc 153 (2) in center near base, to rosy white 8 {2-3) at edges; wings mauve-rose 153 (i), becoming lighter at edges; the early stage of development of the flower shows a trace of yellow; the general effect is a beautiful pink. Flower niedmm to large, open form; standard medium to large, flat, with notched top; wings long and narrow, con- cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils colored. Comparison — Lovely is the improved form of this variety. PRINCESS BEATRICE Originated by Muskett. Introduced by C. C. Hurst & Son, 1883. Description in brief — Standard light pink, wings light rose-pink. Comparison — Carmine Rose is similar. Remarks — Given award by Royal Horticultural Society in August, 1883. Salmon Shades HENRY ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. ' Introduced by Eckford, 1906. Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A l)eautiful salmon color. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 249 Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2); wings shrimp pink 75 (2-3). Flower above medium size, open form; standard of medium size, fiat, with roimd top; wings short and broad, partly open. Bloom profuse. Moderately fragrant. Burns very badly. Stems strong, but of medium length. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; pedicels red. Striped and Flaked (Orange-rose group) CORONET Originated by S. T. Walker. Introduced by Walker, W. T. Hutchins, 1898. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Light orange-pink stripe on a white ground. Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with peach-blossom 127 (standard 3-4, wings 1-2) on a rosy white 8 (4) ground. Flower large, open form; standard large, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers on slender stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately pro- ductive. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Comparison — Aurora is superior. Striped and Flaked (Pink-on-primrose group) ELFRIEDA Originated by . Introduced by W. W. Johnson & Son, 1904. Description in brief — Slightly striped with rose on a primrose gromid. Striped and Flaked (Purple and Blue group) HESTER Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hcmus, 1908. Donated by 'R.s.waon, 1910; Burpee. 1911. Description in brief — A deep blue stripe on white. Description in detail — Ground color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, striped with violet-purple 192 (1-2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, erect, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Growth strong, vigorous. Comparison — Prince Olaf is superior. MARBLED BLUE Originated by Sutton &• Sons. Introduced by Sutton, 1906. Description in brief — White, striped with blue. Comparison — Similar to Hester. PRINCE OLAF Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. Donated by Dobbie. Description in brief — White, striped with blue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, striped with lobelia-blue 205 (3) ; wings 205(1). Flower of medium size or larger; standard of 250 Bulletin 342 medium size, slightly reflcxcil at times; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- tinuous. Pedicels blackish. Suitable for home decoration. Comparison — Has a trifle more red in the flowers than Hester. Remarks — The best variety in this color and class. PURPLE BROWN STRIPE Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description itt brief — A white variety, striped with maroon on standard and with violet on wings. Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4) ; standard striped with dark violet 193 (3-4), wings with bright violet-purple. Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, flat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom moderately profuse, but continuous. Synonyms — A variety named Black Brown Striped proved to be the same. Light Blue and Purple Striped White is the same variety. Striped Red and Rose (Crimson-on-white group) AMERICA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1896. Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A carmine stripe on white. Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with carmine-red on a verv white ground. Flower medium to large, open form; standard medium to large, flat; wings long. Flowers two to three, on long, wiry stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; pedicels red. Comparison — Distinct from Queen of the Isles. Remarks — The brightest red-striped variety. Name originally proposed was Toreador. COLUMBIA Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Hutchins, 1897. Donated by Morse. Description in brief — Standard light crimson, wmgs lavender, striped on white. DAYBREAK Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Wiiitc, striped with carmine; wings striped with rose. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2) striped and grained on white, back earmine-iJurplc in center with lighter edges; wings white, with markings of violet-rosc 154 (r). Hower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with notched top and narrow base; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, con- tinuous. Plant of mcilium height and slender growth. Leaves narrow, pointed. Classii'Ication Ox-' Garden Varieties of the oweet Pea 251 INVINCIBLE SCARLET STRIPED Description in brief — Red-striped on a white ground. INVINCIBLE STRIPED Originaled by . Introduced by Carter, 1880. Description in brief — Striped with crimson on a wlrite ground. Description in detail — In Bulletin 11 1 of this station the following description of this variety appears: " Flowers medium size. Standard slightly convex, notched. Color, white streaked with pink, rather cheap. Bloom profuse." Remarks — Awarded a First Class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society on August 22, 1883. QUEEN OF THE ISLES Originated by EcWord. Introduced by Eckford, 1885. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — White, striped with carmine-pvirple. Description in detail — Standard striped with carmine-purple 156 (2-3) on a rosy white 8 (3-4) ground; wings striped with solferino-red 157 (i) on a rosy white ground. Flower of meilium size, open form; standard of medium size, refle.xed, with notched top and narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, on short or medium stems of only moderate strength. Bloom moderate. Plant of medium height, slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Queen of the Isles has more purple in the stripes of the wings, and less intense red in the stripes of the standard, than is found in America. America is a self, Queen of the Isles is not. RED AND WHITE STRIPED Description in detail — In Bulletin iii of this station the variety is described as follows: " Flowers medium size. Standard convex. Color white strongly streaked with pink. Bloom sparse." Comparison — This variety was superseded by America. Synonyms — " Is Scarlet Striped." — Bulletin 127 of this station. Striped Red and Rose (Pink-on-white group) BERTIE HAMILTON Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. Description in brief — Lightly striped with dark ox blood on front of standard and wings, and more heavily striped on reverse. DUCHESS OF YORK Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894, Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A light pink stripe on white. Description in d-tail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on a lilacy white 7 (i) ground. Flower medium to large, open form; standard medium to large, flat; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers borne on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Ramona is similar in color but is of hooded form. 252 Bulletin 342 MINNEHAHA Originated by Walker. Introduced by Peter Henderson & Co., 1898. Description in brief — Striped with pale pink. White ALBA MAGNIFICA Originated by Henderson. Introduced by Henderson, 1S91. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A small, white variety. Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Flower small, open form, with notched standard and narrow base. Comparison — An improvement on Queen of England, but superseded in its turn by- Emily Henderson. EARLIEST WHITE Originated by Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1906. Donated by Boddington, Burpee. Description in brief — A verj' early, white variety. Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3); wings and standard have no trace of color except in the young bud. Flower of medium size, open form; standard notched; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on short to medium stems. Fragrant. Plant dwarf. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. Seed large, round, black. Remarks — This variety properly belongs to the winter-flowering type, but is also grown in gardens. Valuable only for very early flowers. EMILY HENDERSON Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1893. Description in brief — A medium-sized, white variety. Description in detail — Flower of medium size, open form; standard with notched top and narrow base, inclined to curve back at the sides. Flowers borne on slender stems of moderate length, appearing to be far apart on the stems. Easily injured by wet weather. Plant slender, but tall. Remarks — No longer of any value. For ten years the standard white variety GRACE MAY Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description m detail — -"A magnificent large flowering white sweet pea. The individual flowers often measure two and one half inches in diameter and waxy white color and highly perfumed." — May's catalogue, 1894. JOSEPHINE WHITE Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferry, 1902. Description in brief — A white variety. MRS. LANGTRY Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in brief — "A charming white." — Introducer's description, 1894. Description in detail — " Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. Color, pure white, rich. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station. > 2; >S tej ■^ Bulletin 342 Plate XVII JancI Scolt Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 253 MONT BLANC Originated by Emu-;! Bcnary('). Iiilroditced by Bcnary, 1900. Donated by Boddington, 1910. Description in brief — An early, pure white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, notched; wings of medium size, spreading. Plant slender, of dwarf growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Seed white. Comparison — Not so early as Earliest of All, which also has the advantage of black seeds, giving better germination in cold soil early in the spring. Ri'marks — Belongs properly to the winter-flowering type, but is grown in gardens for early bloom. QUEEN OF ENGLAND Originated by Eekford. Introduced liy Eckford, 1888. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A small, white variety. Description in detail — Flower small, open form; standard notched at top, often at siflcs, and with a narrow base. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of medium length. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Comparison — Superseded by Alba Magnifiea and Emily Henderson. SHASTA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1904. Donated by Boddington, Rawson. 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, pure white flower, of open form. Description in detail — Color 2 (i), opens light primrose, changing to pure white. Flower large, open form; standard large, generally showing a slight notch and a trace of waviness; wings of medium size. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of tall, very strong growth. SNOWFLAKE Originated by S. Fisher. Introduced by Brcck, 1897. Description in brief — A pure white. Remarks — One of the first varieties to receive a first-class certificate from an American horticultural society, having received tliis award from the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society in 1893. WHITE TRIUMPH Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. Description in brief — "A large, e.xpanded white." — Introducer's catalogue. Comparison — A white form of Triumph. ZERO Originated by Biffen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief ^ An early, pure white variety. 254 Bulletin 342 Yellow Shades DEVONSHIRE CREAM Originated by Bathurst. Introduced hy G. H. Mackereth, 1908. Description in brief — A large, primrose variety. Comparison — Said to be like Shasta in primrose color. Introduced as an improved form of The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon. EARLIEST SUNBEAMS Originated by Morse.' Introduced by Burpee, 1904, Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — An early-flowering, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2), back a deeper shade; wings a slightly lighter color. Flower open form; standard notched; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom early and free. Plant of short height. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. Seed white. Remarks — Properly belongs to the winter-flowering type. Sometimes planted with Earliest White and Earliest of All for very early bloom. HAROLD Originated by Isaac House & Sons. Introduced by House, 1910. Description in brief — A primrose variety. Comparison — Said to be a cream-colored Shasta. INCONSTANCY Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferry, 1902. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Descriptioyi in brief — A yellow and white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (standard 3-4, wings 1-2); the standard fades to 10(1); the general effect is of yellow and white flowers on the same plant, hence the name. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers on strong stems of medium length. Bloom profuse, con- tinuous. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Seed white. PRIMROSE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, i88g. Description in brief — A light primrose self, of medium size and open form. Comparison — Golden Gleam, Mrs. Eckford, and similar varieties, are larger, finer varieties of this shade. HOODED VARIETIES Bicolor AMERICAN BELLE Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1894. Description in brief — " Standard bright rose; wings crystal wliite, witlr purplisli car- mine spots." — Introducer's description. Synonyms — In Bulletin 127 of this station American Belle is said to be Apple Blossom. APPLE BLOSSOM Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Standard rose-pink; wings white, tinged with pink. Description in detail — Color of standard violet- rose 154 (4) m the center, with lighter edges; wings pale pink 135 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on good stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium growth. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. Comparison — Has greater contrast between standard and wings than is shown in Royal Rose. Remarks — Very variable in color. COQUETTE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Description in brief — Standard shaded with lavender on a primrose ground; wings primrose. CROWN JEWEL Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Description in brief — Tinted and veined with violet-rose on a primrose ground. DAWN Originated by G. Stark & Son. Introduced by Stark. Description in brief — Standard light crimson-magenta; wings white, shaded crimson. EMILY LYNCH Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Standard rose; wings rose on a primrose ground. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (i) on a primrose-tinted ground. Flower small to medium, hooded form; standard small to medium, hooded, with notched top and sides; wings short and broad, partly open. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly in hot sunshine. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored at first, changing to green. Comparison — Superseded by Jeannie Gordon. Remarks — One of the first of the Apple Blossom group. HILDA JEFFREY Originated by C. W. Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Description in brief — "Delicate rose shaded cream." — Gardener's World, 1908, page 82. Comparison — Is said to be an improvement on Jeannie Gordon. 255 256 Bulletin 342 JEANNIE GORDON Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. Donated by Boddington, Burpee. Description in brief — A bright rose on a cream ground. Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (1-2); wings rosy pink 118 (i) on a primrosy ground; base of standard often has a trace of primrose color. Flower medium large, hooded; standard medium large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Emily Lynch is very similar in color, but is smaller. Remarks — The best of the old type in this color. LADY SKELMERSDALE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Description in brief — " Standard bright rosy lilac; wings slightly shaded bright rosy lilac." — Burpee's catalogue. MRS. E. OILMAN Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1910. Description in brief — A pale rose bicolor. ROYAL ROSE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Standard pink; wings rose, with lighter edges. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4), back 155 (1-2); wings violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower large, hooded; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — The waved form of this variety is Apple Blossom Spencer. TWEEDY SMITH Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1907. Description in brief — "Standard light magenta lilac; wings light cream." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. Blue and Purple Shades (Bright Blue group) ENID Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. Description in brief — A deep blue variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings aniline blue 202 (1-2); wings deeper than standard. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, shghtly hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, partlv open. Flowers two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Sunproof. Suitalile for home decora- tion. Plant of medium height, slender, healthy. Tendrils green. Seed round, mottled. Comparison — The general effect is lighter than Eileen and deeper than Flora Norton. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 257 Blue and Purple Shades (Purple standard, blue wings) CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, iqii. Description in brief — Standard bright violet-purple, wings lavender-blue. Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (3-4) ; wings lavender- blue 204 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, partly open. Flow- ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant tall, of moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, Comparison — Imperial Blue is an inferior form of this. Baden Powell is considered to be the same. Remarks — Offered in the United States by Farquhar in 1891. COUNTESS CADOGAN Originated- by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings blue. Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), becoming more blue at the base, back violet-purple 192 (2); wings bluish violet 203 (i), losing the purple shading, becoming light blue, back 203 (4). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on medium stems. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils show some color. DAVID R. WILLIAMSON Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings lavender-blue. Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), back 192 (2); wing? lavender-blue 204 (2); keel same as wings. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils green. DUKE OF WESTMINSTER Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Standard piirple, wings blue. Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (4); wings aniline blue 202 (2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad; keel same as wings. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or exhibition variety. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; some plants possess axillary color. Remarks — One of the best of the old varieties. 258 Bulletin 342 IMPERIAL BLUE Originated hy Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. Donated by Morse, for evolution stiidies. Description in brief — Standard purple, wings light blue. Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 192 (1-2), back igf (4); wings bishop's violet 189 (4), shaded lavender-blue 204 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings long and narrow. Bloom profuse. Comparison — Ca]jtain of the Blues is a large, improved form of this variation. Synonyms — jNIadam Carnot is said to be the same variety. Grand Blue is the same. MADAME CARNOT Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. Description in brief — A small, inferior form of Captain of the Blues. Synonyms — Morse states that Imperial Blue is the same variety. WAVERLY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. Description in brief — Standard purple, wings blue. Comparison — Duke of Westminster is similar but larger. Blue and Purple Shades (Violet and Indigo group) BRILLIANT BLUE Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1907. Description in brief — A dark navy blue variety. Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 203 (4-5); wings light bluish violet 202 (4), changing to bluish violet 203 (4). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings medium broad, partly open to spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on strong stems of medium length. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Synonyms — Same as Lord Nelson (House, 1907). Remarks — The best dark blue of the old type. LORD NELSON Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1907. Donated by Boddington, 191 o. Description in brief — A dark navj- blue varietv. Description in detail — (See description of Brilliant Blue. I Synonyms ^- This is the name used in Great Britain for Brilliant Blue. NAVY BLUE Originated hy James Sproule. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. Description in brief — General effect is dark blue; standard lavender-blue, wings bluish violet. Description in detail — Color of standard lavender-V:)lue 204 (4-3); wings bluish violet 203 (4), becoming slightly more purple. Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium large, slightly hooded, sometimes slightly notched at top; wings Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 259 broad and moderately long, partly open. Flowers two to three, equidistant on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color. Blush ACME Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. Description in brief — A blush-white variety. Comparison — Said to be a blush Dorothy Eckford. AGNES ECKFORD Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A very light pink self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-ro.se 153 (1-2). Flower above medium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with round top; wings lung and partly open. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems. Very fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored at first, becoming green when fully developed; axillary color in peduncles and leaflets. Comparison — Larger and better than California. BLUSHING BEAUTY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Donated by Burpee, 1910. Description in brief — Medium size, light pink. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i); standard becomes paler at the edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, extremely hooded, without apical notch; w'ings of medium size but long, partly open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of moderate strength. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — CaUfomia is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is similar, but darker. Prima Donna is darker, larger, and superior in every respect. CALIFORNIA Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. Donated by Morse, 1910. Description in brief — A small, very light pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (1-2); wings lilacy white 7 (4). Flower small, hooded form; standard small, much hooded, often curled; wings of medium size, long, partly' open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of moderate strength. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — Agnes Eekford is much superior. Blushing Beauty is similar, but darker. COTTAGE MAID Originated by , Introduced by Sutton. Description in brief — Pale blush on white. 26o Bi'LLETIN 342 COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. Description in brief — A pale pink variety. DELICATA Originated by . Introduced by Stark, 1906. Description in brief — White, tinted pink. Synonyms — Considered same as Modesty. DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Description in brief — Silvery white, tinted pink. Synonyms — Same as Modesty. EVELYN BREADMORE Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. Description in brief — Shining white, with slight tinge of pink in standard. LADY ABERDARE Originated by . Introduced by Breadmore, 1904. Description in brief — " Soft light pink self." — Sweet Pea Annual. MRS. S. T. WALKER Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. Description in brief — Pale blush-pink, hooded. MODESTY Originated by JMorse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. Donated by Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Silvery while, tinted pink. SENSATION Originated by Morse. hitroduced by Burpee, 1898. Description in brief — Standard very light pink and bull'; wings white. Comparison — A hooded ;\liee Eckford. Carmine and Rose (Carmine group) COLONIST Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Description in brief — A bright rose-crimson, changing to purplish crimson. MRS. DUGDALE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Donated by Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Large, slightly hooded, crmison-rose on a primrose ground. Description in detail — Flower large, hooded; standard large, slightly hooded; wings large, long and broad. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 261 MRS. R. M. SHELTON Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. Description in brief — A hooded, rosy carmine self. Carmine and Rose (Rose group) BRITISH QUEEN Originated by Angus. Introduced by . Description in brief — A double form of Her Alaicaly. Remarks — This was shown by Mr. Angus, Norwood Hall, Aberdeen, and received a First Class Certificate from the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society in 1898. CYRIL BREADMORE Originated Ijv Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmorc, 1906- Description in brief — A slightly hooded, ros\' carmine variety. Synonyms — Practically the same as Lord Roseberry. ESMERALDA Originated by . Introduced by Kelway & Son. Description in brief — " A distinct shade of rose." — Kelway Manual, 1911. HER MAJESTY Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. Description in brief — Large, hooded, rose-erimson self. MAJESTIC Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1901. Description in brief — Large, hoo'led, rose-red on a primrose ground. ODDITY Originated by Pilorse. Introduced by Burpee, 1S96. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Deep pink, with deeper edges; wings lighter pink. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (3-4); wings violet-rose 154 (i). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, reflexed or crumpled, with notched sides; wings long and narrow, some wings twisted or curled, con- cealing the keel. Many flowers are double. Flowers two or three, irregularly placefl on long stems of medium litrength. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Remarks — Xame given because of the form of the flowers; expresses value also. OVID Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eekford, 1893. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Standard purple-rose, wings violet-rose. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings violet-rose 154 (i),back a deeper color; well-matured flowers are verjf bright. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, wings long and broad, eon- 262 Bulletin 342 cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. No apparent fragrance Bloom profuse, eontinuous. Burns slightly in very hot sunshine. Plant medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. Comparison — Novelty and Miss Hunt are the same color, but are smaller and opei form. PRINCE OF WALES Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (4-5). Flowe: large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded; wings long and broad, con cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance none Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, stout, vigorous healthy growth. Color sometimes shown in axils of leaves and tendrils. Comparison — Her Majesty and Splendour are smaller and less bright. Remarks — Represents the greatest advance made in the hooded varieties of this color SPLENDOUR Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. Description in detail — Color of standard Tynan rose 155 (i); wings Tyrian rosi 155 (1-2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round anc looped top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 01 long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, darl green; tendrils colored. Cerise ANNIE B. GILROY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1909 Description in brief — " A deep cerise." — Sweet Pea Annual. Comparison — Introduced as an improved Coccinea. Remarks — No longer catalogued by the introducer. COCCINEA Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A bright cerise self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flowei below medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with rounc top; wings long and narrow, conceahng the keel. Moderately fragrant. Bloon profuse, continuous. Flowers two to three, usually two. Burns badly. Plan) of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, blue-green tendrils short, colored. Habit distinct. PRINCESS MAUD OF WALES Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906 Description in brief — " A pale coccinea." — Sweet Pea Annual. Remarks — No longer catalogued by the originator. Classification of GARuiiN Varikties of the Sweet Pea 263 Cream-Pink CORAL GEM Originated by Tuttle. Introdticed by Vaughan, 1907. Donated by Vaughan, 1910. Description in brief — A soft, light cream-pink. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauvc-rosc 153 (1-2); center stripe of standard 133 (4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. COUNTESS OF LATHOM Originated by Eekford. Ititroduced by Eckford, 1900. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A cream-pink self. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2); both on a primrose ground. Flower of medirun size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings broad, partially spreading. Flow- ers two to three, borne on long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. A moderately productive variety. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Tendrils green. Comparison — Color is between Venus and Honorable F. Bouverie. GRACIE GREENWOOD Originated by Ecldord. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower; cream, shaded delicate pink. G. W. KERR Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1910. Description in brief — Coral-pink, deeper shade on edge. HONORABLE F. BOUVERIE . Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Donated by Morse, 1910. Description in brief — A deep pink on a primrose gromid. The edges are very light pink, the color deepening toward the center. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a creamy white 10 (3-4) ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of mediuin size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings short and narrow, partly open. Flow- ers three, equidistant on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Is Lovely on a primrose ground. JANET SCOTT Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910. Description in brief — Bright pink, tinged with buff. Description in detail — Color of wings and standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); standard shows traces of yellow, which is more pronounced in the upper flower as well as in the bud. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; 264 Bulletin 342 . wings long, upright, and pointed. Flowers two to three, usually three, equ distant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored until mature. Remarks — (Jne of the best-known varieties. MISS BOSTOCK Originated by . Introduced by Miss Hemus, 190 Description in brief — Cream-pink. MRS. CHARLES MASTERS Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901 Description in brief — " Standard rosy salmon, wings cream." — Sweet Pea Annual. QUEEN OF SPAIN Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 190; Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — "A pearly pink self." — Sweet Pea Annual. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve- rose 153 (i). Flower c medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round toj wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium stem Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. A fine garden variety. Plant of distine character; growth strong and vigorous. Tendrils profusely colored ; color in axil of peduncles, leaves, and leaflets; flower stems also tinged brown. Comparison — On the grounds at this station this variety is more productive tha Countess of LathoiTi. VENUS Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 189, Donated 63" Burpee, 1910, 1911. Description in brief — A hooded variety; flowers salmon-ljufi^, shaded pink. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2) on a primro: ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hoodei with round top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two to three, on mediu] wiry stems. Verjr fragrant. Plant of tall, slender growth. Tendrils green. Remarks — As the season advances, the flowers have more pink color. Crimson and Scarlet (Crimson group) BOB Originated by . Introduced by Jones. 190 Description in brief — " A deep red with wings tinted rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. BRILLIANT Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, i8g Donated by Burpee. Description in brief — A slightly hooded, crimson-scarlet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2-3); wings Tyrii rose 15,5 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard of mediu .size, slightly hooded, with round top; wmgs long and broad, conccahng the ke' Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 26c; Substance poor. Flowers twcj to three, usually two, on medium stems. Bloom profuse and eontinuous. Burns l.iadly. Plant of medium height, with slender haulms, but makes a lieavy row. Comparison — Same color as Ignea in standard, but Brilliant has less contrast in wings. HARVARD Originated by . Introduced by Breck, 1894. Syuoiiymns — In Bulletin 127 of this station this is said to be Ignea. IGNEA Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Crimson-scarlet wings, tinged with purplish crimson. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2); wings solferino-red 157 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard medium hooded, with round top and apic:d foM; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flow- ers two, on strong stems of meilium length. Flower burns badly, the veins soon blackening or taking on a sickly purple hue. Plant of medium height. Leaflets narrow, pointed. MARS Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Description in brief — A hooded, rich crimson self. MILLIE MASLIN Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 1908. Donated by Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A very dark crimson-red. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-purple 160 (3-4), veined darker; wings lilac-purple 160 (1-2), often with more purple shading. Flower meilium large, hooded form; standard medium to large, slightly hooded; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom moderately profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. SALOPIAN Originated by ILcVioul. Introduced by 'Eckiord, 1897. Donated by Boddington, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine 159 (4); wings crimson- carmine 159 (2), back 159 (4). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, shghtly hooded; wmgs of medium size, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on mechum stems. Fragrance none. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Tendrils colored. Comparison — This variety was superseded by King Edward VII. Salopian is a deeper, rielier color, especially in the wings, than Brilliant or Mars. Remarks — The original Salopian burned badly under a hot sun. By selection a strain was secured which exhibited little or no burning. The trial at this station was probably with this form. A pure stock. 266 Bulletin 342 SUNPROOF SALOPIAN Originated by — — ■ . Introduced by Burpee, 190c Donated by Burpee, 1910. Description in brief — A sunproof strain of Salopian. Remarks — No difference was noted in the trials at this station. It is probable that th Sunproof Salopian was supplied, at least to all American customers, instead o the Salopian, owing to the fact that the latter was subject to burning under ou hot suns. Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) KESTON RED Originated by . Introduced by Jones, iQOf Descriptio7i in brief — A rich scarlet. Remarks — Was introduced as an improved Scarlet Gem. Not in the trade at th present time. QUEEN ALEXANDRA Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, iQOf Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A bright, intense, scarlet self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (2). Flowf of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, wit round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, long, strong stems. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrov pointed. Dark Shades (Maroon group) ADMIRAL TOGO Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1901 Description in brief — " E.xtremely dark violet maroon." — Sweet Pea Annual. Flov ers hooded. BLACKBIRD Originated by Sharpe. Introduced by Bolton, 190 Donated by Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A very dark maroon variety. Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings dark purp 191 (i). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to larg hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers tv to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Su; proof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Synonyms — Midnight (Burpee, 1908). BLUE BIRD Originated by . Introduced by Stron Description in Aric/ —" Flowers medium size. Standard hooded. Color, da purple-red. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 1 1 r of this station. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 267 HANNAH DALE Originaled by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — A deep maroon self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings deep carmine-violet 174 (4). Flower large, slightly hooded form; standard above large, slightly hooded, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Remarks — The flowers decrease rapidly in size. MIDNIGHT Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. Description in brief — Deep maroon and indigo. NIGGER Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1905. Description in brief — " Nearly black." — Sweet Pea Annual. Dark Shades (Maroon and Bronze group) H. J. R. DIGGES Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. Description in brief — "A bright claret shaded maroon." — Eckford's catalogue. JET Originated by Hugh Aldersey. Introduced by Sydenham, 1909. Description in brief — Standard very dark maroon ; wings very dark imligo. Synonyms — Considered the same as Midnight (Burpee, 1908). OTHELLO Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A deep maroon self. Description in detail — Back of standard dull. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Substance good. Flowers generally three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance little or none. Plant of tall, strong, robust growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. SHAHZADA Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. Donated by Boddington, 1910. Description in brief — A very dark maroon and purple variety. Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings violet-purple 192 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded; standard slightly hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, long, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on short, weak stems. Comparison — Has standard of the same color as Othello, but the wings are different. Remarks — Said to be a cross between Stanley and Her Majesty. 268 Bulletin 342 Dark Shades (Marrj^n and Violet ,l,'i-oui)) DOUBLE DUKE OF CLARENCE Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1896. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 1 74 (4-5 ) ; wings rich pansy-violet 191 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form, double; standard of medium size, hooded, sometimes two on lower flower of the spike; wings long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. DUDLEY LEES Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Description in brief — A slightly hooded, deep maroon variety. Comparison — Introduced as an improved Black Knight. DUKE OF CLARENCE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Description in brief — "A rich dark claret." — Hutehins' catalogue. Comparison — Double Duke of Clarence is the double form of this. DUKE OF SUTHERLAND Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Donated by Boddington, 1910. Description in brief — Standard dark violet, wings deep violet-blue. Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 192 {2-t,); wings violet-purple 192 (2-Ti). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard medium large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broai.l, pointed; tendrils green. HORACE WRIGHT Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. Donated by Burpee, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings bright violet- purple 190 (4), back rich pansy-violet 191 (t). Flower large, hoodeil form; stand- ard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broaiJ, ]jointed; tendrils colored; color appears in axils. Comparison — Indigo King has the same colors 1:)ut is inferior in every respect. IMPROVED DUDLEY LEES Donated by Bide, 1912. Description in brief — A dark maroon and purple variety. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4 or darker); wings plum- violet 172 (4) to deep purple 185 (4). Flower large, hooded form; standard large slightly hooded; wings long and drooping. Flowers two to three, on strong stem; of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Plant of mediurr height and slender growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. y Eckforrl, 1900. Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooiled, magenta-rose v.ariety. LORD ROSEBERRY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, ign. Description in brief — A rosy magenta variety. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1 54 (4); wings pure mauve iSi (3-4). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to large, with round top; wings of medium size, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of medium height, but stout and healthy. Comparison — vSimilar to Lord Kenyon, but larger. Ovid has less violet color, and is therefore lighter. American Queen is the open-form variety of this color. Remarks — (Jne of the best of its color. 274 Bulletin 342 Marbled DAWN Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. Description in brief — " An improved Gray Friar. A beautiful pea with many double flowers." — American Florist, 1900. Comparison — Said to be a selection from Princess of Wales, the color being a marbled Princess of Wales on white ground. EXQUISITE Originated by Bulh. Introduced by Bath, 1910. Description in brief — Veined with blue on a white ground. GLADYS FRENCH Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. Donated by Unwin, 1910; Burpee. Description in brief — A pale Helen Pierce. Descripticn in detail — Standard veined, mottled, and marbled with light bluish violet 202 (i) on a purplish-tinted white 6 (2) ground; wings purplish-tinted white 6 (2), veined on back 202 (l). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height, strong, healthy. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Differs from Helen Pierce chiefly in the amount of color in the flower. GRAY FRIAR Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, marbled with heliotrope on a white ground. Remarks — The watered grayish effect of the color suggested the name. PERDITA Originated by . Introduced by Bath. Description in brief — Marbled with pink on a white ground. PINK FRIAR Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, hghtly marbled with rose-crimson on a white ground. SPECKLED BEAUTY Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, lightly marbled with light rose-crimson on a primrose ground. Comparison — Is Pink Friar on a primrose ground. Synonyms — Domino (Henderson, 1905) is the same varietv. Remartzs — The history of Speckled Beauty and Pink Friar indicates that they cannot be fi.xed. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 275 Mauve ADMIRATION Originated by . IiUroduced by Burpee, 1900. Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. Description in brief — A rosj' lavender. Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-3); wings 188 (2). Flower of medium size or larger, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, some- times showing trace of an apical notch; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers three, irregularly placed on very long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; axillary color with the leaflets and sometimes with the leaves; tendrils green. Remarks — " Coauette X Emily Eckford." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. ARGOSY Originated by . Introduced by House. Description in brief — Lavender pink. DOROTHY TENNANT Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Large, hooded; flower rosy mauve, changing to heliotrope. Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (2), changing to heho- trope 188 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower medium to large, hotoded form; standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, con- ceaUng the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Newly open flowers of Dorothy Tennant resemble those of Emily Eck- ford, but the latter shade off toward blue. EMILY ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A purple-mauve, changing to light blue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2); wings become more blue as the flower ages. Flower of medium size, hooiled form; standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Dorothy Tennant resembles the recently opened blossoms. Remarks — A cross between Mrs. Sankey and Splendour. Offered in America by Breck in 1893. FASCINATION Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. Description in brief — " Standard magenta mauve; wings deep mauve." — Eukford's catalogue. 276 Bulletin 342 MRS. BIEBERSTEDT Originated by . Introduced by Bell & Bieberstedt, 1908. Dotiated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A deep lavender self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2), changing to heliotrope 188 (1-3). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. Remarks — Distinct, and a very desirable variety for the garden. MRS. TOM FOGG Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. Description in brie]' — " Mauve tinted pink." — Sweet Pea Annual. MRS. WALTER WRIGHT Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Standard heliotrope, wings violet. Description in detail — Color of standard shades from pale light lilac 187 (2) to helio- trope 188 (2); wings bishop's violet 189 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, e,\tremely hooded, with round top; wings long and very broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed ; tendrils green. Comparison — Color intermediate between Dorothy Tennant and Emily Eckford. Mrs. Walter Wright is larger than either. ROMOLO PIAZZANI Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A violet-blue, the wings changing to light lilac. Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings pale light lilac 187 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three. equidistant on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets pointed ; tendrils green. Comparison — Less blue than Emily Eckford. Orange Shades BOLTON'S PINK Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1905. Donated by Boddington. Description in brief — An orange-pink variety. Description in detail — Color bronzy old rose 148 (4); wings dark old rose 149 (l). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, without apical notch; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Mod- erately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — Is distinct from Miss Wilmoft. Classification of Garden Varii-.ties of the Sweet Pea 277 BUTTONHOLE Ori'iinalcd hy . Iiitrodticed by Miss Hemus, 1908. Df^i'ri[>lio)i ill hricf — A salmon-jnnk variety. CHANCELLOR OrigijidlrJ hy EckforJ. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Denriplioii in brief -— Bright orangt'-pink. Conipiiriso)! — Lady I\-nzanee is said to be practically the same, but is perhaps a little lighter. LADY MARY CURRIE Orii^^inated hv Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. Donated by Burpee, ion. Description in brief — Crimson-tinted orange. MISS V/ILMOTT Originated by . Introduced hy Eckforrl, 1901. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — Orange-pmk, sliadcd with rose. Description in detail — Color of standard \aolct-old rose 145 {2), edge purple-rose 150 (4); wings ilark old rose 149 (J) in front and purple-rose 150 (2) on the back. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hoodcil, without apical notch; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fra- grant. Bloom profuse. Bums badly. Plant ^f verj.- tall, strong growth. Comparison — Is less resistant to hot sunshine than Miss Wilmott Imfjroved. MISS WILMOTT IMPROVED Originated by . Intrndnced hy Watkins &- Simpson, 1910. Donated by Watkins & Simpson. Description in brief — " Orange pink shaded rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. Comparison — This proved to be a good strain of Miss Wilmott. MRS. J. MILLER Originated by Jones. Introduced hy Jones, 1908. Description in brief — Salmon-pink self. ORIENTAL Originated hy Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. Description in brief — Bright orange-pink, veined with a deeper shade. Picotee Edged (Lavender and Blue group) BUTTERFLY Originated by . Introduced hy Sutton, 1878. Donated hy Alorse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — White, tinted purple and edged with blue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings edged lobelia blue 205 (1-2) on a purplish-tinted ground 6 (3-4). Flower smaU to medium size, hooded form; 278 Bulletin 342 standard small to medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings short and broad. Flowers two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Butterfly, Maid of Honor, and Lottie Eckford vary in the amount of coloring distributed in the flower. Remarks — One of the most important varieties ever grown. DOLLY VARDEN Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Standard light purple, with lighter edges; wings light purple-blue. Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (3-4); wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded when side notches are present, flat, with narrow base; wings long and broad. Flow- ers two to three, equidistant on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Standard not the same color as Splendid Lilac. Described by Morse as practically a hooded form of Splendid Lilac. GOLDEN GATE Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. Description in brief — Standard soft pinkish mauve; wings light mauve. Flowers have peculiarly shaped wings, which stand up against the standard. rVY MILLER Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 1908. Donated by Burpee. Description in brief — A light lUac, edged with blue and violet. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings pale light lilac 187 (i); standard picotee-edged with aniline blue 202 (3); wings picotee-edged with violet-mauve 195 (i). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth, healthy. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Lottie Eckford in form and size. Has more color suffused in the flower. Superseded by Phenomenal. LOTTIE ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. Donated by 'BcjAAington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A lilac-white variety, picotee-edged with blue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-4), edged with ageratum blue 201 (3). Many double flowers. Flower medium to large, hoodetl form; standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wmgs long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. Comparison — Butterfly is somewhat similar, but has less color when the flower opens and is smaller in size. Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 279 MAID OF HONOR Originated by Murse. Introduced by Burpee, 1H97. Dcna/ei fey Burpee, 1910, 1911. Description in brief — White, edged and shaded with light blue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (2-3), edged with ageratum blue 201 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top and many side notches; wings long anrl loroad, coneealmg the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Comparison — I^ottie Eckford is superior. Synonyms — Butterfly Improved (Henderson Catalogue, 1898) is a synonym. PHENOMENAL Originated by Morse. Introduced by Henderson, 1905. Donated by Morse, Vick, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — White, shaded and edged with mauve and heliotrope. Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (3-4), picotee-edged with violet-mauve 195 (i) changing to heliotrope 188 (i); wings edged with Parma violet 200 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, sometimes inclined to be wavy; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunijroof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. Remarks — The best of the picotee-edged blue varieties of this form. One of the best doubles. Picotee Edged (Pink group) DAINTY Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish-tinted white 6(1), edged with violet- rose 154 (l), deeper color on back; wings purplish-tinted white, edge same; general effect is pure white with pink edges; primrose-yellow in the bud. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, shell-shaped, with round top; wings long and narrow. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; color appears in a.xils of leaves and leaflets. Synonyms — Pink Butterfly is a synonym. Remarks — Some seed was sent out for advance tidal in 1902. NYMPHAEA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Vaughan, 1904. Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (2); wings 12 (i), changing to pale light lilac 187 (i) except the top flower, wdiich remains wdiite. Flower o medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightlj' hooded, with slightly wavy edges and round top; wings long and broad, upright. Flowers three, equi- distant on the stem. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; axillary color in leaves and leaflets. 2 So • Bulletin 342 Pink FLORRIE CRUTCHER Originated liv • Introduced by Jones, 1908. Descriplinu in brief — Rose-pink, veine'l witli deeper pink. LORD DERBY Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. Description in detail — "Flowers small. Standard slight!)' concave, wedge-shaped. Color, standard pink, wings purple-pink. Bloom medium." — Bulletin in of this station. Rcnmrlis — Color illustration appears on back cover of May's catalogue for 1895. LOVELY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 19H. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a white ground; color lighter at edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flow- ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. • Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — The perfected type, of which Peach Blossom, Isa Eclrford, and Crown I^rnicess of Prussia are inferior examples. MRS. E. HERBERT Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. Description in brief — Lilac-pink, veined deeper. MRS. KNIGHTS-SMITH Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. Description in brief — A pink self, hooded, with wide-spreading wings. PRIMA DONNA Originated by Ecld'ord. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A pure pinl^ self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower above meijium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, short and broad, varying from partly open to spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant tall, strong, vigorous, healthy. Leaflets broad; temlri'ls colored; color shown in axils of peduncles and leaflets. Comparison — Blushing Beauty is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is slightly (ku'ker and is smellier. Remarks — The leading pink \'ariety of the old type. QUEEN OF PINKS Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 1901. Svnovvins — Said to be another name for Prima Domia. Bulletin 342 Plate XX Prima Donna X X a H < Ah pq B Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 2S1 ROSE QUEEN Originated by Stark. Iittrodiiced by vStark, 1905. Description in brief — A rosy pink self. ROYAL ROBE Originated by Ecldord. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Description in brief — A light pink self. Striped and Flaked (Chocolate stripes) SENATOR Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eclrford, 1891. Donated by Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A large, chocolate-striped variety. Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with purple-brown 166 (1-2) on a purphsh-tinted 6 (2) ground. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. Fragrant. Striped and Flaked (Mauve or blue) CAPRICE Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, iSSS. Description in brief — "White watered and striped with mauve." — Henderson's catalogue. DOUGLAS BREADMORE Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadraore, 1906. Description in brief — Slightly hooded, flaked with bright purple. JUANITA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — White, standard striped with mauve and wmgs striped with lavender. Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (i) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) ground; wings suffused \^'ith heliotrope. Flower of meduun size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. Comparison — Similar to Striped Celestial (Lorenz, 1897). Remarks — The stock of this was mi.xed. NITA Orighiated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. Description in brief — A pale mauve stripe on a white ground. Comparison — Superseded by Juanita. PRINCESS OF WALES Originated by Eckford. Inlroduced by Eckford, 1886. Description in brief — A hooded flower, striped with mauve and jjurple on white. Comparison — Between Senator and Wawona in color. 282 Bulletin 342 STRIPED CELESTIAL Originated by Lorenz. Introduced by Lorenz, 1897. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (i) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) ground; wings suffused with heliotrope. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long and broad, partljr open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. Comparison — Similar to Juanita. Remarks — The stock of this was pure. STRIPED TENNANT Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. Description in brief — " A darker form of Nita." — Walker's catalogue. UNIQUE Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. Donated by Rawson. Description in brief — A¥hite, striped with tight blue. Description in detail — Color of standard Parma violet 200 (3) on a white ground; wings Parma violet 200 (1-2) on a white ground. Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- tinuous. Garden variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. Comparison — May be known as Flora Norton striped white. Remarks — A distinct variety. WAWONA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A lilac stripe on a white ground. Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 154 (4), wings striped with magenta 182 (i), both on a purplish-tinted white 6 (4) ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaf- lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Juanita is a lighter color. Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) EASTERN QUEEN Description in brief — " Slightly flaked on cream ground." — Sweet Pea Annual. FLORENCE MOLYNEAUX Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1905. Description in brief — Lightly striped with rose on a primrose ground. Classification of Garden Varieties op the Sweet Pea 283 GOLDEN ROSE Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Burpee, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (3); wings amber-white 12 (1-2), faintly striped with pink, which in hot sunshine quickly disappears. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings very large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. IVIoderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. JESSIE CUTHBERTSON Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1903. Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Pmk stripe on a primrose ground. Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (3) stripes on a yellowish white 13 (2) ground. Flower medium to large; standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Comparison — Sunset is darker. LOTTIE HUTCHINS Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. Description in brief — Slightly hooded, light pink stripe on a primrose ground. SUNSET Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. Donated by Vaughan, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 130 (1-2) stripes on a purplish- tinted 6 (1-2) ground; wings 150 (2-3) on 6 (2-3) ground. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. Flowers two, on long, .strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Comparison — Appeared to be a little more heavily striped, and at this station a little larger, than Jessie Cuthbertson. Remarks — A badly mixed lot, from white to pink and lavender. Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on white ground) ANNIE STARK Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded flower. Lightly striped with light crimson on a white ground. Comparison — A heavier stripe than Ramona, but otherwise similar. AURORA Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1897. Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. Description in brief — White, striped witli orange-rose. Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a sulfury white 14 (i) ground. Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and 284 Bulletin 342 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Mod- erately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden or exhibition variety. Plant of medium growth, stout, healthy. Comparison — Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain does not have the orange tint. Coronet is the true open form of this variety, but becomes pale on the edges. Remarks — This variety and Dorothy Eckford represent the perfection of the hooded form. BRITANNIA Originated by DoV)ljie. hitroduced by Dofjbie, 1904. Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower, flaked with crimson on a white grounrl. CAPRICE Originated by . Introduced by Johnson, 1906. Description in brief — A large, slightly hooded flower, delicately striped with carmine on a white ground. GAIETY Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A red stripe on a rosy white ground. Description in detail — Color of stripes of standard and wings solferino-red 157 (1-2) on a rosy white ground. Flower of medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, showing both notched and round apices; wings long and broad. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendinis green. LIGHT GAIETY Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1S9S. Description in brief — A light form of Gaiety. Comparison — Superseded Ijy Ramona. MIKADO Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, flaked with bright rose-crimson on a white groimd. MRS. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. Description in brief — White, striped with rose. Description in detail — Color of standard ami wmgs rosy white 8 (i), striped with purple-rose i,so (i). Flower large; standard kirgc, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong slems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium lieight and stciut, vigorous, licalthy grt.iwt]i. Com parisou — D<>v'< no[ ha\i.- tile orange lint seen in Aurrjra. Remarks — Said to Ijc a cross Ijetwecn Captain of the Blues and Mrs. Sankey. Classification ov Garden Varietii;s of the .Swiii-r Pea 28 S OREGONIA Originated by Walker. hilrodiucil by Walker, 1899. Pcscnl>lioii III brief — A hooded flower, striped witli lirownisli red on a white ground. RAMONA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. Donated by Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A light pink stripe on a white ground. Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilae-rosc 130 (2) on a hlaey wdiite 7 (i) ground. White ALBATROSS Originated by Dobbie. Introduced liy Dobbie, 1907. Description in brief — A pure white, blaek-seeded variety. BLArfCHE BURPEE Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. Donated by Hurpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A slightly hooded, pure whhe variety. Description in deiait — Flower medium to ku'ge, slightly hoodeil form; standard medium large; wings notehed. Flowers two to tliree, on short, slender stems. Produetive. Wet weather injures flowers. Plant of strong, vigorous growtli. Seed wliite. DOROTHY ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eekford, 1903. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, pure white llower of ideal hooded form. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings amber-wliite 12 (il, beeoming pure wliite. Flower kirgc; standard large, sliglitly hooded, with round lop; wmgs large, long and liroad. Substanee good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A leading market variety. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves dark green. Seed white. Remarks — The ideal hooded type. FINETTA BATHURST Originated by Bathurst. Introduced by Maekereth, 1908. Description in brief — A large, slightly hoodctl, white variety. MRS. SANKEY Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eekford, 1889. Description in brief — A pttre white, black-seeded variety. SADIE BURPEE (black-seeded) Originated by Eekford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Donated by Burpee, 1910. Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish-tinted white 6 (3); wings purphsh- tinted white 6 (i). Flower large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; 286 Bulletin 342 wings medium broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Plant of tall, erect, wiry growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. SADIE BURPEE (white-seeded) Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard sage tint 4 (i); wings snow white 2 (i). Flower large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, concealing the keel. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Stems long and strong, with three flowers. Plant of tall growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils green; no color in axils. Remarks — There is a form with black seed which shows a pinkish tint in the flowers. THE BRIDE Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. Description in brief — A white-flowered variety of the type of Mrs. Eckford. Remarks — This variety has white seed and was introduced as a white selection of Mrs. Eckford. WHITE WONDER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1904. Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, pure white variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy wliite 10 (i); flower prim- rose when it opens, but changes to pure white. Flower large, double; standards often two or three, large and hooded; wings large, long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems; fully one half are double imder good culture. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Remarks — The best double white among the older type of sweet peas. Yellow Shades ALBION Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. Description in brief — An ivory-white variety. CREAM OF BROCKHAMPTON Originated by Foster. Introduced by Foster, 1902. Description in brief — "A cream self." — Sweet Pea i\iinual. FORTY-NINER Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 1898. Description in brief — "A soft sulphur-yellow self." — Sweet Pea Review. Comparison — Henderson placed this variety in the discard list in 1899, recommending Golden Gleam as superior. JULLETIX 342 Plate XXII James Grieve y, w < PL, m Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 287 GOLDEN GLEAM Originated by . Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 1897. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — Described as a yellow form of Blanche Burpee. Synonyms — Same as Mrs. Eckford. JAMES GRIEVE Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, yellow variety. Description in detail — Color of standard sulfury white 14 (2-3); wings sulfury white 14 (3~4)- Flower large, open form; standard large and erect, with occasional tendency to become slightly hooded and to show trace of the top notch; wings long and broad, spreading laterally, tending to parallel the standard. Flowers two to three, on e.xtra long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. MRS. A. MALCOLM Originated by Alexander Malcolm. Introduced by E. W. King, Mackureth, 1009. Description iyi brief — A primrose self. MRS. COLLIER Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dol]l]ie, 1907. Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A rich primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard amber- white 12 (2); wings amber- white 12 (i). Flower large; standard large,' slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Substance good. Plant of strong, tall growth. Foliage dark green. Comparison — A primrose Dorothy Eckford. Synonyms — Dora Cowper (Breadmore, 1907) and Mrs. R. F. Felton (Bolton, 1907). MRS. ECKFORD Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, semi-hooded, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2); wings yellowish white 13 (2-3). Flower above medium size; standard medium, slightly hooded, with round top; wings medium, short and broad. Flowers two to three, on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Synonyms — Golden Gleam appears to be the same variety. QUEEN VICTORIA Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A light primrose, with a tinge of pink. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-2); buds with a pinkish tinge, but more color in buds than in those of Mrs. Eckford; the pink color 288 Bulletin ,^42 disappears as the flower opens. Flower above medium size; standard of medium size, hooded; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, .strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils colored at first, beeoming green.- Seed black. SAFRANO Originated by Gilbert & Son. Tntrodiiced by Gilbert, 191 1, Description in brief — A primrose variety. THE HONORABLE MRS. E. KENYON Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901. Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — A large, semidiooded, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (,3); wings yellowish white 13 (2). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Plant of strong, tall growth. Plant, leaves, and stems have a yellow tinge. YELLOW HAMMER Originated by Breadraore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1909. Description in brief — A sulfur-yellow self. EXTREME HOODED VARIETIES Snapdragon PINK SNAPDRAGON Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a rosy white 8 (i) groimd. Flower small, snapdragon form. Stems long. PURPLE SNAPDRAGON Originated by . Introduced by Burpee. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in detail — Color of standard shades from bishop's violet 189 (2-3) to bright violet 190 (2-4); wings lilacy white 7 (4) to rich pansy-violet 191 (2-3). Flower of medium size, snapdragon form. Stems long. RED RIDING HOOD Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant Company, I ■'19 7. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A crimson snapdragon variety. Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1 19 (4) on a rosy white 8 (l) ground; wings Tyrian rose 155 (i). Flower large, snapdragon form; standard envelops the wings. Remarks — Tlie first of the snapdragon varieties. Bulletin 342 Plate XXIV Salvation Lassie Bulletin 342 Plate XXV Apple Blossom Spencer Classification of Garden Variiities of the Sweet Pea 289 SALVATION LASSIE Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — " Light carmine, standards and wings liooded like a bonnet." — Burpee's catalogue. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (i) on a rosy white ground; wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2) on a rosy white ground. Flower large, snapdragon form; standard short, folded over wings like a bonnet; wings of usual type. Comparison — Similar to Red Riding Hood, but with standard more fully developed. Remarks — Valuable as a curiosity. WHITE SNAPDRAGON Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. Description in brief — A white snapdragon variety. WAVED VARIETIES Bicolor APPLE BLOSSOM SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. Description in brief ^La.Tge to very large, waved, rose bicolor; garden, market, or exhibition variety. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 1,52 (4), wings violet-rose 154 (1-2), on a faint primrose ground. Standard large, much waved; wings very large, waved. Flowers two to four, on long, very stout stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse and continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Comparison — A misnomer, for it is not like Apple Blossom. It should be called Jeannie Gordon Spencer, as the ground tint is primrose. Remarks — Introducer's stock pure in igio. ARTHUR UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor; carmine-purple and mauve-rose. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2); wings mauve- rose 153 (i). Standard large, slightly waved; wings waved, long and broad, con- cealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Sun- proof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Comparison — A deeper color than Colleen when viewed on the plants. BLANCHE FERRY SPENCER Donated by Rawson, Vick, 1910. Description in brief — Supposed to be a waved variety of the color of Blanche Ferry. Remarks — Mostly Apple Blossom Spencer. Contains a few Blanche Ferry, but they are not in Spencer form. Both stocks mixed with White Spencer and other varieties. Nothing has been received at this station since 1910 that could be called Blanche Ferry Spencer. COLLEEN Originated by William Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2), wings violet-rose 154 (i), on a primrose ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, exposing the keel. Flowers three to four, on strong stems. Plant of average growth, strong, healthy. Tendrils colored. Remarks — An unfixed stock in 1910. .Some of the sports approach George Herbert. In 1912 the stock was variable. Some flowers have white wings and carmine- purple standards and some are almost sells; many show mottled flowers, especi- ally as the flowers age. MRS. ANDREW IRELAND Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — .A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4); wings lilac-rose 152 (l). Standard large, waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- 290 Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 291 ers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height, more slender than most waved varieties, and of healthy growth. Remarks — Has many double flowers. MRS CUTHBERTSON Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 1912. Donated by Burpee, Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 (1-4); has a tendency to produce mottled flowers. Flower large to very large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and broad. Flowers usually three, sometimes four, on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant of medium height, healthy, vigorous. Tendrils colored. Remarks — An improved Apple Blossom. The best variety in this color section. NEW IMPROVED LUCY HEMUS Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, bicolor variety. Description in detail — Color lilac-rose, standard 152 (2-3), wings 152 (1-2), on a primrose ground. Synonyms — Synonymous with Apple Blossom Spencer, the probability of which the introducer admits. Remarks — A very unfixed stock. The flowers became very mottled during the latter part of August. TRIUMPH SPENCER Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1909. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A rose bicolor. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (3-4); wings violet-rose 154(1)- Comparison — A smaller, mferior, shorter-stemmed Apple Blossom Spencer, also of weaker growth. Distinct from Mrs. Andrew Ireland. Remarks — Not fixed. Described as a salmon-pink bicolor. Blue BLUE JACKET Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. Description in brief — A navy blue, waved variety. Description in detail — Standard dark purple 191 (i); wmgs violet-purple 192 (2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; wmgs long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. A moderately productive variety. Plants of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Remarks — In 1913 this variety broke up, giving one half dark blue stripes. Had it not done this it might be recommended as the best dark blue variety. 292 Bulletin 342 FLORA NORTON SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated liy Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Waldo Rohnert, 1912. Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved, blue variety for the garden. Description itt detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (i); wings 201 (2). Stand- ard medium large, waved slightly; wings of medium size, long and narrow, conceal- ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of me(3ium height and strong, healthy growth. Comparison — Not so pure a blue as Flora Norton. Does not ecjual Countess Spencer in size. Remarks — Contained plant of Navy Blue in 1910. LESLIE IMBER Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1913. Donated by Unwin. Description in brief — Described as a medium blue, with lieeper wings. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings Hght bluish violet 202 (1-2); both become more blue with age. Flower large, waved form; standard large, wa\'ed; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green. MARGARET MADISON Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1912; Burpee, I9i,v Description in brief — A large, waved, clear pale blue self. Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 199 (i); wings lavender-blue 204 (I), sometimes flaked darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and Inroad, s)3reai.ling. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. No fragrance. Moderately productive. Wet weather injures badly. Plant of medium height. Leaflets stout, Ijroad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Slightly larger than Flora Norton Spencer. MAY FARQUHAR Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. Donated by Unwin, 1913. Description in brief — A deep blue, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4), overlaid with deep purple; wmgs bright violet-purple 190 (2-3), with darker-colored back. Flower large, w-aved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, conceal- ing the keel. Flowers three to four, placed equidistant, close, on strong stems of medium length. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, round; tendrils green. Remarks — Probably the best dark blue waved variety that is fi.xed. SHAWONDASEE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus. 1910. Donated /;y Mi-s Hemus, njio. Description in brief — .'\ medium-sized, garden variety. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 293 Descriplioi! iji detail — Color of standard at base light bluish violet 202 (i), the upper part heliotrope 188 (2-3); wings 202 (i ); the standard loses its pmk color, becoming like the wings. Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings of medium size, long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom pro- fuse. Plant of ordinary growth. Seed mottled. Comparison — XI a H 3 to as Bulletin 342 Plate XXVII Juhn Iiiiiiiiaii Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pe 295 LORNA DOONE Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. Donated by Boddington, 1910. Comparison — Said to be similar to Florence Morse Spencer and Bobby K. Remarks — Only one seed grew, and the plant produced white flowers without any trace of color. MRS. HARDCASTLE SYKES Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1906. Donated by Boddington, Miss Hcmus, igio. Description in brief ~ A large, waved, blush-pink variety. Comparison — Indistinguishable from Florence Morse Spencer, and has the prior name. Remarizs — One stock badly mi.xcd. PARADISE REGAINED Originated by i\Iiss Hcmus. Introduced by Miss Hcmus, 1908. Donated by Miss Hemus, igio. Description in brief — A large-flowered, blush, garden variety. Description in detail ~ Color purplish-tinted white 6 (2-3). Standard large, shghtly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flo\A-ers three, on very long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed large, round, black. Remartis — A pure stock. PRINCESS CATHERINE Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. Donated by Vick, 1910. Comparison — The blush-pink selection was not superior to Blush Queen. Remarks — A very much mixed stock, containing pkmts with blush-pink, pink, prim- rose, and white flowers. PRINCESS VICTORIA Originated by Debbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Stark, Morse, Rohnert, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, light pink variety, especially fine for exhibition. Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilae-rose 130 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2). Flower large to very large; standard large to very large, very much waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored. Comparison — Opening flowers a deeper pink than Florence Morse Spencer, but failing to the same color. In 19 10 was superior to Florence Morse Spencer and Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes, and this has since been verified. Remarks — A pure slock. Some seed-grotvers have assumed that this is Florence Morse Spencer, but such stocks can be distinguished from the true Princess Victoria. Carmine 2. J. CASTLE Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety, for garden or market use. 296 Bulletin 342 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solferino-red 157 (i). Standard fairly large, Unwin form; wings long and broad, hooded. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse. Comparison — Similar to John Ingman in color, but not so wavy nor so large. More productive than John Ingman. Remarks — Two stocks pure. Unwin's stock was superior to all others. GEORGE HERBERT Originated by Brcadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. Donated by Morse, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose variety. Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. Remarks — Both stocks mixed, one with Othello, the other with White Spencer and Frank Dolby, one plant each. JOHN INGMAN Originated by Cole. Introduced by S3'dcnham, 1905. Donated by Boddington, Cole, Debbie, Morse, Unwin. Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose, tine, exhibition variety. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solferino-red 157 (i). Standard large to very large, very waved: wings large, long, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance very slight or none. Bloom free, continuous. Growth strong, vigorous, healthy. Seed black. Comparison — Superior to E. J. Castle in form. Remarks — All stocks were pure as to color. The English stocks were superior in form. The leader of its color. PARADISE CARMINE Originated by "Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety. Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. Remarks — A pure stock. PHYLLIS UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1906. Donated by Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (i); wings solferino-red 157 (i). Standard large, Unwin form; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Seed round and black. Comparison — Similar to E. J. Castle, but paler. Remarks — English stock pure. Cerise CHRISSIE UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. Donated by Unwin, loio. Description in brief — A mcdium-sized, cerise variety, suitalilc for home decoration. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 297 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose (cerise) 152 (4); wings deep cerise 1-3 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or lacking. Bloom profuse. Burns badly in sunshine. Growth below medium height, slender. Tendrils colored and clinging. Seed black. Comparison — Superior to Coccinea Paradise. Remarks — A pure stock. The variety lacks size. COCCINEA PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A cerise variety. Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 119 (3-4); wings 119 (i). Sy)ionyms — Appears to be Coccinea. Remarks — Badly mixed with Red Paradise. Cream, Buff, and Ivory ALTHORP CREAM Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. Donated by Cole, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). Standard large, waved; wings long, very broad, concealing the keel. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of fair length. Moderately fragrant. Fairly productive. Plant of .tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. Comparison — Not equal to Primrose Spencer or Clara Curtis, which it is said to resemble. Remarks — A mixed stock in igio. CLARA CURTIS Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, Sharpe, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). Flower large to very large; standard large, Spencer-waved; wings large, waved. Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Seed white. Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer (Burpee, 1908), but aU flowers truly waved. Remarks — Both stocks pure. DOBBffi'S CREAM Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, sometimes double or triple; opens rich yellov/, becoming lighter. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 298 Bulletin 342 DOUBLE PRIMROSE BEAUTY Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — Similar to Primrose Beauty in every respect except that it produces a few more double flowers. ELAINE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A medium-sized, ivory variety of waved form, useful for garden purposes. Description in detail — Color of standard fleshy white 9 (2-3) ; wings fleshy white 9 (3-4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, waved slightly; wings of medium size, short and broad, partly open, hooded. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Some color in axils of leaves. Seed black. Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. Remarks — Does not fulfill the originator's description. GIANT CREAM WAVED Originated by DeaL Introduced by Deal, 1911. Donated by Deal, 19 12. Description in brief — A large, waved, cream variety. Description in detail — Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes double; wings long and broad. Flowers usually three, sometimes four, on long, strong stems. Productive. Comparison — Not exceptional in size, being equal to Debbie's Cream in this respect. ISOBEL MALCOLM Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. Donated by Dobbie, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (1-3). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Moder- ately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, with axillary color; tendrils green. Comparison — The general effect is paler than Clara Curtis. An excellent variety. LADY KNOX Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — Large, waved, flushed with pink on a cream ground. Description in detail — Color of standard fleshy white 9 (4), edges flushed with palt rosy pink 129 (i), brightest on the back; wings fleshy white 9 (i), with more delicate edge of pink. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers on long, strong stems; many doubles. Very fragrant. Very productive. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Tendrils green. Bl-LLKTIX ,^42 Plate XXVIII Elaine Bulletin 342 Plate XXIX Sunproof King Classifu'ation of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 299 Comparison — At this station tliis variety \v;is niiu-h superior to Paradise Ivory. Remarks — A very beautiful variety; deserves to be ineludcd in all eolleetions. MAY PERRETT SPENCER Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 1913. Donated by Boddington, 1913. Description in brief — Light pink on a bufT ground. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light buff, flushed with pink. Flower of medium size, grandiflora form; standard of medium size, erect; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, rouml, dark green. Synonyms — Is May Pcrrett. Remarks — Stock true to type. PARADISE BEAUTY Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus. Description in brief — A fairly large, waved variety, of ivory color. Description in detail — Color rosyr white 8 (1-2) ; wings 8 (3-4). Flower large; standard large, slightly waved; wings medium to large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or market variety. Plant of moderately strong growth. Tendrils colored ; color in ;ixils. Seed black. Comparison — Has more substance and less pink color in the flowers than Paradise Ivory. Remarks — A fixed stock. PARADISE IVORY Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. Donated by Miss Hemus, Stark, 1910. Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. Description in detail — Color fleshy white 9 (1-2). Standard of medium size, shghtly waved; wings broad and medium long, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, moderately .stout stems. Extremely fragrant. Bloom profuse. A home or market variety. Plant of medium height, strong. Color in axils of leaves. Seed black. Comparison — Lady Knox, a later introduction, surpasses this variety. PRIMROSE BEAUTY Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (2-3). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant of very taU, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Debbie's Cream opens with more yellow in the flowers. Appears to be Mrs. Colher in Spencer form. Remarks — The finest variety of this color. ^oo Bulletin 342 PRIMROSE PARADISE Originated by Miss Hcmus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, igo8. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (2-3); wings 10 (2). Plant of meilium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed white. Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer. Remarks — A pure stock. PRIMROSE SPENCER Originated by L. C. Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 1911, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, piimrose variety, for garden, market, or exhibi- tion purposes. Description in detail — Front of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3), back 13 (4); wings 13 (1-2). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings very large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Seed white. Comparison — Similar to Clara Curtis (Bolton, 1908). Remarks — The standard variety of this color. QUEENIE Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1909. Donated by Deal, igio, 1912. Description in brief — A medium to large, ivorj'-white, waved varietj'. Description in detail — Color of standard shades from rosy white 8 (2-3) to pale rosy pink 129 (2-3) at the edge; wings lilacy white 7 (1-2). Flower large; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, moderately strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of moderate growth. Tendrils green. Seed black. Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. Remarks — Badly unfixed in 1910. Fixed stock in 1912. QUEEN VICTORIA SPENCER Originated by — . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, black-seeded, primrose variety. Description in detail — Flower opens lilacy white 7 (4), changing to yellowish white 13 (2-3)- Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growtli. Seed black. Comparison — Paradise Ivory is similar. Remarks — This variety, having dark-colored seed, is .selected as the best cream vanety, owing to diffieuhy in geimmaling varieties having light-colored seed. ClassH'Ication uf Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 301 SEAFOAM Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. Donated by Cole, iqio. Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. Description in detail — Color ereamy while 10 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and broad, eoneealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or market variety. Plant of moderately strong, healthy growth. Tendrils eolored; color in axils of leaflets. Comparison — The wings are a deeper and brighter pink than those of Paradise Ivory. Remarks — A lixed stock. Cream-Pink (Deep) CONSTANCE OLIVER Originated by W. Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, eream-pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard peach blossom (pink suffused with ercam) 127 (i); wings bright rose 128 (i). Flower very large; standard very large, much waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Infant of medium height and strong growth. Tendrils colored. Comparison — Xell Gwynne is similar but is not fixed. Paradise Constance Oliver is an unhxei.i strain of this variety. Remarl;s — A pure stock. DORIS USHER Originated by A. E. Usher. Introduced by .Sutton, 191 1. Donated by Sutton, 1912. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 1 18 (1-2); wings rosy pink 118 (2-3). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved, wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Smaller than Mrs. Routzahn, but similar to it. Smaller flower, and lighter, softer, more even color, than Constance Oliver. MARY GARDEN Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, double, cream-pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (1-2); wings same, with tinge of Tyrian rose 155 (i) on edge. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much wa\'cd, often double; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, irregular on long, slender stems. Afoderatcly fragrant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growtli. Comparison — Burpjee called a strain of this variety Duplex Mary Garden. Remarks — Stock contained color rogues. 302 Bulletin 342 MINNIE FURNELL Originated by W. E. Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1912. Donated by Alsen, 1912. Description in brief — A pale piak, with a cream blotch at base of standard. Description in detail — Color of standard light rose 128 (i or lighter), with cream blotch at base; wings light rose 128 (i inside and 2-3 outside). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved. Flowers two to three, equidistant on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant in 1912. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. MIRIAM BEAVER Originated by Morse. .. Introduced by Burpee, 1910. Donated by Burpee, Morse, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, Spencer-waved variety, of unusual color. Description in detail — The predominating color was as follows: standard salmon- pink 126 (1-2); wings 126 (i), shading to 126 (2-3) at base. Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight. Bloom free. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Seed large, dark brown. Comparison — Deeper salmon-pink than Mrs. Routzahn. Remarks — Very unfi.xed. MRS. GIBBS BOX Originated by James Box. Introduced by Box, 1912. Donated by Box. Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink i r8 (i), wings 1 18 (2-3), on a cream ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wmgs long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Little or no fragrance. Moderately productive. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Is a lighter pink and has more cream than Constance Oliver. Has better stem and is more productive than Minnie Furnell. NATOMA Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912. Donated by Morse, 191 2. Description in brief — A large, salmon-buff, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (2-3), inside tinted lilac-rose; wings lilac-rose 152 (i or lighter), sometimes with violet-rose tints. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes double; wings short and broad, waved. Flowers irregular on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Appears to be a Venus of Spencer form. Classification of Garden \^vrieties of the Sweet Pea 303 NELL GWYNNE Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. Donaled by Stark, 1910. Description in brief — A large, cream-pink, waved variety. Comparison — Simikir to Constance Oliver. Remarks — One half or more of this stock were rogues of the color of John Ingman. OLIVE RUFFELL Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. Donated by Stark (selected stock), 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, rosy salmon variety. Description in detail — Color of stamlard shades from hlacy white 8 (4) to bright rose 128 (2-3) at l)ase; wings ).)urple-rose 150 (i). Standard and wings large and waved. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Comparison — This is a deeper-colored Constance Oliver. Reinarlis — Not C[mte fi.xed when grown here in 1910. Cream-Pink (Pale) BERYL Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1912. Donated by Aldersey (Aldersey's No. 151), 1912. Description in brief — "A creamy pink self." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (l); wings bright rose 128 (1-2), brighter on edge. Flower large, waved forin; standard large, waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers equidistant on strong stems. Moder- ately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Comparison — More cream than Constance Oliver and more rosy pink than Doris Usher. CORONATION Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1912. Donated by Sydenham, 19 13. Description in brief — A large, pale cream-pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i), overlaid with purple-rose 150 (!); the back of the standard is uniform with the color of the front, while the back of the wings is a deeper rose. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on strong sterns of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, dark green; tendrils colored. Remarks — There are many varieties very nearly like this, yet it is worthy of trial by growers of sweet peas. ELLA KELWAY Originated by . Introduced by Kelway, 1912. Donated by Kelway, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, pale cream-pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 {2-^}, overlaid and edged with light purple-rose; back of standard lighter in color and without 304 Bulletin 342 the edging; back of wings hjrigliter pink. Flower large to very large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, on strong stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaves broad, pointed, dark green. Remarks — A fine variety, but with such as Mrs. Routzahn, Mrs. Henry Bell, and Mrs. Hugh Dickson there seems no room for it. Stock true to type. GLADYS BURT Originated by LTnwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. Donated hy Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A very large, waved, salmon-pink variety. Suitable for all purpctses. Description in detail — Color mauve-rosc 153 (2-3), on a primrose ground. Flower large to very large; standard large, very waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of fairly tall, vigorous, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed dark brown, small, round. Comparison — Color is between that of Mrs. Routzahn and Constance Oliver. Remarlts — A pure stock. HOLDFAST BELLE OriginatL.d by Miss Hcmus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in tiricf — A large, waved, cre.am-pink variety. Comparison — Very similar to Airs. Routzahn. Remarks — A pure stock. JULIET Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1912. Donated by Deal, 1912. Description in brief — L:irge, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (i), on a pale 5-ellow ground; wmgs rosy pink 118 (2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved sUghtly; wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers irregular on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — Less vivid than i\Irs. Routzahn at all stages. Worthy of trial because it gives a wider range of color within this group. LADY MILLER Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. Donated by Malcolm, 1912. Description in brief — "Apricot on cream suft'uscd pink." — Dobliie's catalogue. Description in detail — Color of standard and wmgs shrimp pink 75 (i or lighter). Flower l.irge, waved form; slandanl large, slightly waved, sometimes ilouble; wings long and jjroad, ei meeahng tlie keel. Flowers three to four, irregular on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Sunfiroof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Petioles and (.'alvx brownish; tendrils colored. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 30s Coii!pa"d stock. CLASSIFICyVTION OF GarDEN VARIETIES OF THE SwEET PeA 313 MALCOLM'S NO. 14 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by ' — — . Donated hy Dobhie, 1912. ' Description in brief — A very large, waved, heliotrope and bluish violet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (3-4) ; wings hght bluish violet 202 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, often much waved, with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, irregularly placed on strong stems of meilium length. Not fragrant. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of taU, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Less mauve than Asta Ohn. Similar to Florence Nightingale. MANDOLINE Donated hy Dobbie, 1912. Description in brief — A very large, reddish lavender flower. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, slightly waved, with slightly auricrdate base; wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn. MASTERPIECE Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1910. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — Large, pinkish or purplish mauve, changing to lavender, waved. Description in detail — Standard opens purplish mauve 186 (i), with edge of 186 (2-3); wings open heliotrope 188 (2); flower changes soon to Parma violet 200 (O; intro- ducer says, " color is 201 (l) but paler." Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings large, waved, partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, vigorous growth. Seed small, mottled. Remarks — A pure stock. MAUVE BEAUTY Originated by . Introduced hy Box. Donated by Box, 191 2. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (2-3), with violet tint on back and toward base; wings bright violet 198 (1-2), often splashed darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two to three, on medium to long, slender stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn and Florence Nightingale. MAUVE SPENCER Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 19 10. Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. Description in detail — Color of standard vanes from violet-mauve 195 (i) to lilac- mauve 196 (i); wings 196 (4). Standard very large, Spencer- waved; wings very 314 Bulletin 342 large, waved, long and very broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse. An exhibition variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Comparison — Would supplant Frank Dolby. Remarks — Unfortunately not fixed. MRS. CHARLES FOSTER Originated by Bakers. Introduced by Bakers, 1907. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — Large, lavender flushed with rose, waved. Description-in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (2), back hehotrope 188 (2-3); wings heliotrope 188 (2). Standard large, moderately waved; wings large, long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on very long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of strong, tall growth. Germination poor. Comparison — Here this variety was distinct this year from Frank Dolby, Masterpiece, and Asta Ohn. Remarks — A fixed stock. MRS. REGINALD HILL Originated by . Introduced by King, 1913. Donated by King, 1913. Description in brief — " A lilac lavender." — King's catalogue. Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac, overlaid with violet 183 (i), deeper at base; wings vinous-mauve 184 (i or lighter), edged with bluish lilac. Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, sliglitly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. MOONSTONE Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Alderscy, 191 1. Donated by Aldersey, 1912. Description in brief — A pale heliotrope. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac 187 (2-3) to heliotrope at the base; wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, irregularly spaced on slender stems of medium length. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Plant tall, slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Nettie Jenkins. NETTIE JENKINS Originated by Unwin. Introduced by LTnwin, 1911. Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, lavender, garden or exhibition varietv. Description in detail — Standard opens purphsh mauve 1S6 Cr), tinted t,aint blue; wings violet 200 (3); flowei' loses the pinkish color, becoming a very light lavender Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 315 200 (1-3). Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, eontinuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed dark brown, small, irregular or wrinkled. Comparison — Belongs to the Frank Dolby group, but is quite distinct. Remarks — A pure stock. ORCHID Originated by Malcolm. ItUroduced by Burpee, 1913. Donated by Burpee, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, lavender suffused with pink. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (l or lighter), flushed with violet; wings heliotrope 188 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; stand- ard large, slightly waved; wmgs short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. PEARL GREY Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912. Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. Description in brief — " A dove grey suffused light rose." — Burpee's catalogue. Description in detail — Color Parma violet 200 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Sub- stance good. Flowers tirree, on long stems of moderate strength. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Comparison — Seems to be a paler form of Orchid. Remarl:s — Variety not fixed in 1912 or in 1913. PRINCESS ALICE SPENCER Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Bath, 1909. Donated by Vick, 1910. Description in brief — Flower large. Described in catalogue as hght lavender, tinted with white. Description in detail — Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, hooded, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, nearly always three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. Remarks — Very unfi.xed, since it contains all shades of lavender with a few white flowers. QUEEN OF MAUVES Originated by Sutton. Introduced by Sutton, 1913. Donated by Sutton, 1912. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-mauve 195 (i), with more mauve on back; wings bluish violet 199 (i or lighter). Flower large; standard slightly waved, with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, irregularly placed, but facing one way, on stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height, slender. Leaf- lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Has more lavender and shorter stems than Dorothy Tcnnant. 3i6 Bulletin 342 WALTER P. WRIGHT Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. Donated by Sydenham, Unwin, 1913. Comparison — Similar to Winifred Unwin (described below). WINIFRED UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. Donated by Unwin, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard la vender-blue 204 (l or lighter), with lighter color on back; wings same as standard. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced, close, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, rounded, dark green; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Walter P. Wright, and both are similar to Debbie's True Lavender, a variety approved by the National Sweet Pea Society of England. Magenta MARKS TEY Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 1913. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, bicolor variety, with rosy maroon standard and purple- violet wings. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (1-4); wings bright violet- purple 190 (1-2). Flower very large, often dovible, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three, on strong stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height, stout. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Slightly more red than Sutton's Royal Purple. Remarks — This is placed in bicolor section in English lists. In general effect it belongs here. MENIE CHRISTIE Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. Donated by Dohhie, 1910; Rohnert, 191 2; Burpee, 19 13. Description in brief — A large, waved, inagenta variety. Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (2-4), veined darker; wings magenta with a violet tinge, to violet-purple 192 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreaiiing. Substance good. Flowers three, on slender stems of medium length. \^ery fragrant. Sloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. PURPLE Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by . Donated by Malcolm, Dobbie 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, reddish violet and deep purple variety. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (3-4); wings deep purple i8,s (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 317 waved; winfis Ioiie; and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. IModeratoly fragrant. Moilerately productive. Wet weather injures flowers badh'. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Similar to Marks Tey and Menie Christie, but not so large nor so profuse in bloom. Produced more doubles than either of the above. ROYAL PURPLE Originated by . Introduced by Sntton, 1912. Donated by Sutton, 1012. Description in tiricf — A large, waved, ]5urple variety. Description in detail — Color of standanl deep purple 185 (2-3); wings bright violet- purple 190 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long stems of medium strength. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Less red than Marks Tey. Marbled MAY CAMPBELL Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie. 1912, 1913. Description in detail — Color marbled on standard is Tynan rose 155 (i),on a creamy white 10 [2) ground; wmgs slightly veined with the same color. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Sub- stance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productiA'c. Comparison — Is larger than Aurora Spencer. Remarks — A verv distinct variety. One of the commended varieties of 1912. Deserves a place on every list. SWEET LAVENDER Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. Donated by Bath. 1910. Description in brief — "White ground, marbled lavender, charming flower; fixed." — Introducer's description. Remarks — This variety proved to be of two sha(ies of red in equal proportions. Maroon ANNABEL LEE Originated by Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1913. Donated by Alsen. igi2. Description in brief — "A pale lilac almost white in center." — Originator's description. Description in detail — Color of standard dull purple-lake 170, with violet veining and shading at base; wings reddish violet 180 (1-2). Flower kirge, waved form; standard kirge, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregular on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Productive. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad. Remarks — One cream-pink rogue. Apparently tliis did not give us the true-eolored variety. 3iS Bulletin 342 BRONZE PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910, Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A waved maroon self. Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings 185 (l). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, generally flat; wings partly open, long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of fair strength. Growth moderate. Plants were not healthy. Comparison — Differs from Paradise Maroon in having wings of the same color as the standard. Remarks — A fixed varietv as to color. CHARLES HEMUS Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — Originator described the variety as a red-mahogany self. Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (4); wings rosy magenta 169 (l); keel colored a lighter shade. Flower large; .standard large and slightly waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrance moderate. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Foliage blue-green; calyx and pedicel blue-black. Seed dark brown, large, round. Comparison — Does not closely resemble Black Knight in color. Remarks — A fixed stock. A distinct variety. Flowers turn darker with age. CYRIL UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. Donated by Unwin, 1913. Description in brief — Deep purple shaded with maroon, waved. Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (i), shaded with maroon, base bright violet-purple; wings bright violet-purple 191 (1-2), varving to light pansy-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of taU, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. DOUGLAS UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved variety. Description in detail — Color plum-violet 172 (4). Standard large, slightly waved; wings waved, eoneeahng the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Fragrance moderate. Plant moderately vigorous. Leaves narrow, pointed. Seed black. Comparison — Similar to Othello Spencer, but not so good a strain. Remarks — Stock mixed. Classifii-ation of Gakdiin Varif:ties t)F the Sweet Pea ii9 GARNET SPENCER Originated by . lutroduicd hy Hcmlerson, 1910. Donated by HunJcrson, IQIO. Description in l>nef — A very large, maroon, waved variety, line for exhlliltion. Description in detail — Color of standard iilunvviolet 172 (1-2); wings deep earmine- violet 174 (i-j). Standard very large, mueh waveel; wings vers' long and broad, w'aved, coneealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, eontinuous, lasts well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Compariso>i — A hne strain of Othello .Speneer, but unfixed. Remarks — Very much mixed, containing five varieties of waved form. KING MANGEL Originated by Stark. Introduced hy ,Stark, kjij. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, dark maroon variety. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (i), veined darker; wmgs deep purple 185 (3-4). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waveii; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers three, close together on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Pkmt of tall, strong growth. Leaflets tiroad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Has larger flowers and is of better growth than Othello Spencer. NUBIAN Originated by House. Introduced by House, 191 1. Donated by Burpee, 1913. Description in brief — A deep maroon self. Description in detail — Color of standard between purple-brown 166 and ileep carmine- violet 174 (4 or darker); wings deep carmine-violet 174 (2-3). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; v/ings short and broad. Flowers three, eqmelistant, close, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant of tall, slemler growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Svnonyms — Kmg ALanoel is practically the same. Remark's — The best of this color group. Stock pure, true. OTHELLO SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. Description in brief — A very large, very waved, maroon variety, excellent for garden or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4); wings deep purple 185 (1-2); flower has almost black veins. Standard very large, decidedly and um- formly waved; wings waved, very long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong growth. Seed large, round, few in number. 20 ^ Bulletin 342 ompan'son — Long the standard maroon waved variety, but now surpassed by Nubian and King Manoel. emarks — Botii stocks fixed. PRINCE OF ASTTJRIAS nginated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. onated by Rawson, 1910. escription in brief — A large, waved, maroon, garden variety. escription in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4); wings 172 (2-3). Stand- ard large, waved; wings large, hooded, conceahng the keel. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant of moderately vigorous growth. omparison — Inferior to Othello Spencer. emarks — Stock mixed. SILAS COLE riginated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. onated by Cole, 1910. escription in brief — A large, deep maroon, waved variety. escription in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 191 (3-4); wings deep purple 185 (i). Standard medium to large, generally not waved; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately tall, healthy growth. Calyx and pedicel blue- black. omparison — Resembles Black Knight in color. emarks — Contained one rogue. Did not attain to Spencer size or form. VICTOR UNWIN riginated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1913. onated by Unwin, 1913. escription in brief — " Rich deep chocolate or mahogany colored self, free from any trait of purple."^ Unwin's catalogue. escription in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3—4), tinged with violet; wings deep carmine-violet 174 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy grow^th. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. !aroon-Purple ARTHUR GREEN ■igmated by Debbie. Introduced by Debbie, 191 1. o«a(e(i 6y Boddington, igii; Burpee, Dobbie, Morse, 1912; Burpee, 1913. escription in brief — Standard carmine-violet; wings deep purple. escription in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 174 (3-4), veined darker; wings deep purple 1S5 (2-3), sometimes with slight luits and markings of violet- purple. Flower very large, waved forni; standard vcr)- large, waved; wings long and broad, spreading but drooping. Flowers three to four, irregular on strong stems of medium length. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. Bulletin 342 Plate XXX Othello Speacer Bulletin 342 Plate XXXI Tennant Spencer Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 321 CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by I\'Iorse, 1910; Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with bright purple standard and blue wings. Exeellent for garden or exhibition. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (4); wings bishop's violet 189 (3). Standard very large, much waved; wings large, waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continu- ous, lasts well on the plants. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Remarks — Not fixed. Not correctly named, since it does not resemble Captain of the Blues in color. One of the largest-flowered varieties. JOHN RIDD Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. Description in brief — "A large, waved, purple self." — vSweet Peas Up to Date. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4); wings vinous-mauve 184 (4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, slightly auriculate; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom scant to medium. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Remarks — Stock pure, true. MAROON PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — " Deep maroort, waved." — Sweet Pea Annual. Description in detail — Color of stanrlard deep purple 1S5 (2-3); wings bishop's violet 189 (2-3); reverse bright violet-purple 190 (4). Flower large, waved form; stand- ard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equi- distant on long stems. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of me(iium height and stout, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pomted; color in axils of leaves and leaflets; tendrils colored. Comparison — At this station in ign) this variety was distinct from Black Knight. MRS. E. CO'WDY Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. Donated by Boddington, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4); wmgs deep purple 185 (2-3), veined with plum-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wmgs short and l:)road, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. No fragrance. ?vloderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. Comparison — Similar to John Ridd, perhaps a less deep purple. Remarks — Stock pure, true. 322 BULLETIX 342 PURPLE PRINCE SPENCER Originated hy Dickson. hitroduced by Burpee, 1911. Donated by Burpee, 1911. Description in brief — " Standard purplish maroon, wings rosy purple." — ^ Sweet Peas Up to Date. Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (3); wings bishop's violet 1S9 (4). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers borne on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, strong, vigorous growth. Comparison — This is almost a self and therefore differs from Captain of the Blues Spencer. In this respect it is an improvement. Remarks — This is not the color of the old variety Purple Prince. WAVERLY SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — " Purplish maroon, wings rosy purple." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. Comparison — Similar to Captain of the Blues Spencer, but smaller. Remarlcs — Only one plant appeared to resemble the old Waverly in color. Maroon-Red BRUNETTE Originated hy Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbic, 1913. Donated by Dobbic, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, rich deep mahogany .self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings plum-violet 172 (4 or darker). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, concealing llie kctl. Flowers two to three, on mtdiurn stems of short length. No fragrance. Bloom prijfuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender groT\'th. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. Remarlis — An excellent variety. Stock pure, true. RED CHIEF Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1910. Donated hy Sydenham, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 172 (4 or darker); wings plura- violet 172 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Remariis — With Brunette the leader of its class. Mauve A. J. COOK Originated hy Unwin. Introduced by Unwm. and Walkins & Simpson, 1907. Donated by Rawson, Ibiwin, and AA'.'itkms & Simpscm, i()io. Description in brief ^ \ moderately large, violet-mauve variety, of Unwin form. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 323 Description in detail — Standard opens violet-mauve 195 (i), changing to 195 (4); wings tinted with more violet, which becomes deeper, toward bright violet-purple 190 (i). Standard medium to large, Unwin type; wings long and broad, con- cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden or market variety. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. Re)iiart;s — A distinct and worthy variety. One stock pure; rogues mostly Othello. AMETHYST OrigiiiateJ by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. Donated by Aldersey, 1912. Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (3-4), shading to bright violet at base; wings bright violet 198 (i), sometimes with a rosy tinge. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- ing. Moderate fragrance. ?vIoderately productive. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Royalty. BERTHA MASSEY Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 1912. Donated 63; Boddington, IQ12, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, lilac-mauve variety. Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (1-2): wmgs bright violet 198 (1-2), edged with pvirplish mauve. Flower birge, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and Ijroad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equi- distant, close, on medium stems. Moderate frLigrance. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Comparison — Surpassed by Frances Deal. Remarks — Stock pure in 1912, mixed in 1913. BETTY Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912. Description in brief — A purplish mauve variety. Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (i), shading often to purplish mauve 186 (i); wings purplish mauve. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved, slightly auriculatc; wings vers' large, long and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plants of tall, slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Has paler and larger flowers than Tennant Spencer. EMILY ECKFORD SPENCER Originated by • Introduced by Burpee, 1911. Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 1910. Description in brief — A large, mauve, Spencer variety. Description in de/ai7 — Standard opens bluish lilac 183 (i), changing to bright violet 198 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (3), changing to bright violet 198 (2). Standard lar»e, slightly waved; wmgs partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to three. 324 Bulletin 342 Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed mottled. Comparison — Distinct in color from The Marquis. Remarks — A fixed stock. EMPRESS Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. Donated by Deal, 1912. Description in brief — A rich purple-mauve. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (i); wings deep purple 185 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved, sometimes double; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive, Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. Comparison — Has less red in standard, but otherwise is similar to Annabel Lee. Remarks — Color rogues: (i) pure cream, (2) pale rosy pink. FRANCES DEAL Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1912. Donated by Deal, 1912. Description in brief — "A rosy heliotrope." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings reddish violet 180 (l), with a light spot at base of standard. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed, usually far apart, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Superior to Bertha Massey. HELIO PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — Large, pale ro.sy heliotrope, waved. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), deepest at base; wings bishop's violet 189 (2J. Standard large. Spencer-waved; wmgs large, waved, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medmm height and moderately strong growth. Tendrils colored; color m axils of leaves. Seed mottled. Comparison — Similar to The Marquis, but not superior. Remarks — A fixed stock. HELIOTROPE SPENCER Originated by _ . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. Donated by Henderson, 1910. Description in brief — Large, hooded, deep purple-mauve. Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (1-2); wings 189 (1-3). Standard large, hooded; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 325 two, on long, strong stems. Very fnigrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium licight and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed mottled, large. Comparison — Color similar to Mrs. Walter Wright. Remarks — A pure stoek. Flowers did not take Spencer form. MAIATE PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A meduim-sized, mauve variety. Description- in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings 183 (1-2). Standard of medium size; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to three. Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Seed mottled. Comparison — Wings alwaj's paler than those of The Marquis or Tennant Spencer. Remarks — Introducer stated that the stock might give some Primrose Paradise sports. This occurred in the tests at this station. MAXJVE QUEEN Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve t86 (i), shading toward violet-mauve 195 (i) in center; wings violet-mauve 19.S (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, with slightly auriculate base; wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Winsome, but a trifle more purple. MRS. HESLINGTON Originated by W. S. Heslington. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), shading to bright violet 198 (1-2} in the center; wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, much waved, with auriculate base; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Very similar to Mauve Queen, but differs in form of flower and in color of wings. More mauve than Florence Nightingale. ROYALTY Originated by Bath. Introduced by . Donated by Bath, 1912. Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (l); wings bright violet- purple 190 (i). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, 326 Bulletin 342 slightly waved; wings of medium size, drooping. Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Comparison — Much like Dobbie's Violet Flush. Remarks — Of no special merit at this station. TENNANT SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Large, waved, purple-mauve self. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 196 (2-3); wings 186 (1-2) on the inside, 186 (2-3) on the outside. Standard large, waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, often four, on strong stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and moderately strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed mottled. THE MARQUIS Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — A large, purplish mauve, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings bishop's violet 189 (4); the standard showing more red and the wings more blue. Standard large, waved; wings very large, waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- ers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, market, or exhibition flower. Plant of medium height and moderately strong growth. Seed mottled, wrinkled. Remarks — The 1910 stock was mixed and contained one Gladys Unwin. Orange-Pink CARENE Origiyiaied by . Introduced by Watkms & Simpson, 1912. Donated by Boddington, 1912, 1913. Description m brief — A large, deep orange-pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (3-4), veined slightly darker; wings 126 (4), shading into purple-rose 150 (3-4) at base. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved; wings very large, long and broad, open. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Verv fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pomted; tendrils green. Comparison — Is of stronger growth, has better flower stems and slightly larger flowers with more red in the wings, and exhibits less burning, than Stirling Stent. EDITH TAYLOR Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sj'denham, 1912. Donated by vSydenham, 19 1 2, 19 13. Description in- brief — " .A waved salmon-rose self." — Sweet Peas Up lo Date. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings cerise 123 (1-2); standard veined darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard slightly waved, very large; Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 327 wings large, long and broail, spreading. Flowers three, on long, stout stems. Fragrance almost none. Burns slightly. Wet weather injures slightly. Plant of meduim height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — A little less orange than Helen Lewis. EDROM BEAUTY Originated by Malcolm. I)ilroduced by Dobbic, 191 1. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1013. Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rosy salmon. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2), with darker veins; wings purple-rose 150 (2). Flower very large, waved form; stamlard verj' large. Spencer-waved, sometimes double; wings large, long ami broail. Flowers on long, strong stems. Bloom moderately productive, does not last well on the plant. Burns badly. Suffers slightly in wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. GLYN TURQUAND Originated by Alsen. Introduced by ■ . Donated by Alsen, 191 2. Description in brief — Rich crimson-scarlet, with a suggestion of orange. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2), veined slightly darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on strong, very long stems. No fra- grance. Moderately'produetive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; foliage rich dark green. Comparison — An improved Helen Lewis. HELEN GROSVENOR Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldcrsey, 1910. Donated by Sydenham, 1912. Description in brief — A deep orange-salmon. Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (1-2), shading to deep rose-pink at the base; wings deep rose-pink 120 (2-3), delicately vemcd with darker color. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waveii, sometimes double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to four, irregularly arranged on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns shghtly. Is somewhat injured by wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. Comparison — Closely resembles Helen Lewis. Possibly a deeper color. HELEN LEWIS Originated by J. Watson. Introduced by Breadmorc, 1905. Donated by Bod.lington, Dobbie, Morse, Unwm. 1910. Description in brief ^ Large, waved, rosy scarlet and cerise. Popularly known as orange. Suitable for all purposes. Description in detail — Color of standard" bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep cerise 123 (i). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, waved, long and broad, concealing the keel Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Mod- erately fragrant. Plant of medium, stout, healthy growth. Seed black, large, round. 328 Bulletin 342 Synonyms — Orange Countess (Sydenham, 1905) and Mrs. Sydenham (Burpee, 1905). Remarks — Of the four stocks received in 1910, two exhibited rogues. LAURA WYATT Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 1913. Donated by Dipnall, 1912. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 74 (i), with carmine veining; wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes double; wings long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrance little or none. Moderately productive. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. LORD ALTHORP Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. Donated by Cole, 19 10. Description in brief — Large, waved, orange-pink. Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep cerise 123 (3-4). Comparison — A fine strain of Helen Lewis, but does not stand the sun so well. Remarks — A pure stock. ORANGE SPENCER Originated by ■ . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. Donated by Henderson, 19 10. Description in brief — A large, orange, Spencer variety. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings cerise 123 (2-3). Comparison — Similar in color to Miss Wilmott Improved. Remarks — A pure stock. PHOEBUS Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide. Donated by Bide. Description in detail — Color of standard Lincoln red 88 (i), veined darker; wings geranium red in (lighter than i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved, with broad base; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on slender stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. PRINCE OF ORANGE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, igio. Description in brief — Originator describes this as a large, waved, very vigorous, orange variety. Remarks — Very unfixed. Was one half Countess Spencer, or Paradise, and one half John Ingman. No orange in it. The later selection has not been tested at this station. (9 Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 329 Orange-Scarlet ANDREW AITKEN Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. Donated by Boddington, 1913. Description in brief — " A soft salmon-colored variety." — Bolton's catalogue. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2-3), flushed with Rose Neyron red at base; wings rosy pink 118 (2-3), flushed with Rose Neyron red. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Mod- erately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Remarks — Stock pure, true. ANGLIAN ORANGE Originated by King. Introduced by King, 191 1. Donated by King, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink variety. Descripticn in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (i), tinged with purple- rose on the edge and at the base; wings purple-rose 150 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. Burns somewhat. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaf- lets broad, round, dark green. Remarks — Contained two color rogues. DAZZLER Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmorc, 1910. Donated by Farquhar. Description in brief — " Bright flame color." — Sweet Pea Annual. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (2-3). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, con- cealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Comparison — Similar to Andrew Aitken. Remartis — Stock pure, true. EDNA UNWIN IMPROVED Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (4); wings cerise 123 (2-3). Standard medium to large, slightly waved; wings moderately long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance slight. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Seed dark brown. Comparison — Similar to St. George, but slightly superior in form. Remarks — A pure stock. 330 Bulletin 342 ORANGE KING Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 1. Donated by Bide, 1910. Description in brief — This variety is said to be a true orange self. Comparison — The orange-colored flowers were similar to Edna Unwin Improved or St. George. Remarks — A very unfixed stock. One plant Henry Eckford. Mostly pink-flowered plants. ORANGE PERFECTION Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 1912. Donated by Box, 1912. Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rose. Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (l); wings deep rose-pink 120 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of medium length. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Bums slightly. Plant of medium, very slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Smaller, of paler color and poorer bloom, and a weaker plant than Thomas Stevenson in the trials at this station in 1912. RUBY Originated by . Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. Donated by Aldersey, Marsden Jones. Description in brief — "Standard bright orange scarlet; wings deep rose." — Intro- ducer's description. Description in detail — Color of standard coral-red 76 (1-2), veined darker; wings carthamus red 88 (i), sometimes veined darker. Flower medium to large, slightly waved form; standard medium large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- ing. Flowers two to three, on rather weak, short stems. Fragrance very little or none. Burns badly. Is badly injured by wet weather. Plant of moderately tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Similar to Thomas Stevenson in color, but was the poorest of the orange group. ST. GEORGE Originated by . Introduced by Hurst, 1908. Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910. Description in brief — A medium-sized garden variety. Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (3-4); wings deep rose-pink 120 {2-3). Standard of medium size, some very slightly waved; wings moderately long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, generally two, on short stems. Fragrance very slight. Bloom free. Bums badly. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Seed black, irregular in shape. Comparison — Wings are not the same color as the standard, neither are they the color of the wings of Orange Spencer or Miss Wilmott Improved. ClASSIFICATIuN of CiARUIiX VARlliTIES OF THE SwEET PiCA j,,! THOMAS STEVENSON Originaffd by Holmes. Introdiia-d by SyJcnham, iqii. Doiialt'd by Boddingliin, Burpee, Dnhliie, Sydenham, 191J; Burpee, Dobljie, Syden- ham, 1013. Dfscriplioii ill brief — A rieh orangc-searlet. Descnplion in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (2-3), veined darker; wings earminedake 12 1 (2-3), veined darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard ver>- large, slightly waverl; wings large, long and broad, spreailing. Flowers on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant tall, stout. Leaflets broad, pointeil; tendrils green. Comparison — Plant is of stronger growth, and produces larger flowers on longer stems, than Stn'hng Stent. Reinarlis — The Ica^ling wiriety m this group. Picotee Edged (Cream ground) EVELYN HEMUS Originated by Miss Hemus. Introdneed by Miss Hcmus, 1908. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — Large, waved, picotce-eclged pink on a primrose ground, for garden, market, or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of stan^.lard picotee-edged pale rosy pink 129 (i), on a fleshy white 9 (3) ground; wings 9 (2-3). Stamkird large, .Spencer-waved; wings waved, long and l.iroad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profiise, continuous. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Comparison — Closely resembles Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. Reniarl;s -— A pure stock. HELEN WILLIAMS Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, picotee variety. Description in detail — Color )-ellowish white 13 (l), edged with purple-rose 150 (l), deeper on back; wings yellowish white 13 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waveil; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to four, wide apart on ven.- long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom medium. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green; color in axils of peduncles and leaflets. Comparison — Better than Mrs. Breadmore in 1912. Not tested in 1913. MRS. C. W. BREADMORE Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Donated by Boddington, Stark, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, pieotee-edgcd pink on a primrose ground. Description in detail — Color of standard picotee-edged pale lilae-rose 130 (l), on an amber-white 12 (l) ground; wmgs 12 (i). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings 332 Bulletin 342 waved, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Comparison — Closely resembles Evelyn Hemus. Remarks — A pure stock. Picotee Edged (White ground) CHASTITY Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1912. Donated by Bath. Description in brief — Large, waved, pure white, with a blush edge. Description in detail — Color of standard on opening shows faint primrose, later tinted violet-rose 154 (l); wings similar, but becoming a deeper tint. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, many doubles; wings large, long and broad, drooping. Substance good. Flowers three, irregularly spaced on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets long, broad; tendrils colored. DAINTY SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 1910. Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. Description in detail — Color of flower rosy white 8 (2) ground, with edge of standard Rose Neyron red 119 (l); edge of wings 119 (2). Standard large, very slightly waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom medium. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Comparison — Not so large as Elsie Herbert, but otherwise similar to it. DISTINCTION Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. Donated by Bath, 1910. Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. Comparison — Very similar to Elsie Herbert. Remarks — Not a fixed stock. ELSIE HERBERT Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, Miss Hemus, Unwm, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Morse, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (2-3), with a picotee edge of purple-rose 150 (i); wings 7 (i), with pale lilac-rose 130 (4) edge. Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, partly open, waved. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Seed black. Remarks — Pure stocks. A distinct variety. The standard variety of this color. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea ii3 ERIC HARVEY Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, igii. Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, igio. Description in brief — A large, beautifully waved flower, useful for decoration and exhibition. Description in detail — Color of bud buff; opening flower shows trace of buff; standard suffused with mauve-rose, deepest at the edges, and deeper still on the back; wings flushed lilacy white 7 (4). Standard large, waved; wings large, varying from hooded to waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Plant grows to medium height, strong and healthy. Ccmparison — Distinct from Martha Washington. Remarks — Contained John Ingman rogue. MARTHA WASHINGTON Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Henderson, 1910. Donated by Henderson, 1910, 191 1. Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with a heavy picotee edge on a pure white ground. Description in detail — Color of standard white from base to center, shading to a pink edge; as the flower ages the suffusion increases; wings picotee-edged pink. Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, waved. Comparison — Distinct from Elsie Herbert. Remarks — The 1910 stock produced one plant of Othello, but the variety is usually reported true. The 191 1 stock was true. PICOTEE Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. Donated iy Watkins &• Simpson, 1910; Boddington, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. Description in brief — A waved, pieotee-edged carmine variety. Description in detail — Color of standard faintest blush, edged with purple-rose 150 (1-3); wings edged with pale pink. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading, often drooping. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar to Elsie Herliert and Distmction. WINIFRED DEAL Origtnated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. Comparison — Simiilar to Elsie Herbert. Remarks — Not a true stock. The 1912 stock was true. Pink AUDRY CRIER Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Donated by Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — Described as salmon-pink. 334 Bulletin 342 Remarks — One of the varieties that it has been impossible to fix. This stock was almost entirely Helen Lewis, with one plant Prince Olaf, two Menie Christie, and several White Spencer. BEATRICE SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. Description in brief — Catalogued as white, tinted soft pink and buff; wings have bright pink blotch at base. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings violet-rose 154 (l). Flower large; standard large, Spencer- waved; wings long and broad, waved. Flow- ers three, on strong stems of fair length. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored. Seed large, black. BLUSH ROSE SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. Donated by Henderson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Standard and wings large and waved. Remarks — A badly mixed lot of plants containing mostly carmine-rose flowers, with Countess Spencer and White Spencer. COUNTESS SPENCER Originated by Cole. Introduced by Sydenham, 1904. Donated by Boddington, Cole, Dobbie, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety, suitable for garden, market, and exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 (1-2); color deeper in cool weather; color often deeper at the edges. Standard very large, waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers three to four, on long, very strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Seed black. Remarks — One stock pure. The forerunner of the waved, or Spencer, type. ENCHANTRESS Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. Donated by Boddington, Stark, 1910. Synonyms — Identical with Countess Spencer. Remarks — Neither stock pure. FLORENCE SPENCER Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1907. Donated by Rawson, 1910. Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (2-3); wings 154 (1-2). Flower of medium size, waved; standard of medium size, sUghtly waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long, slender stems. Productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, dark green. Comparison — A trifle lighter in color than Countess Spencer. Remarks — Not pure; contains Helen Lewis and E. J. Castle. Classification uf Gakdex Varieties of the Sweet Pea 335 GLADYS UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1905. Donated by Boddington, Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. Description in brief — A rose-pink variety, of Unwin form; for garden or market use. Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i ); wings violet-rose 154 (l). Flower large; standard moderately large, slightly waveii; wings long and broad, hooded. Flowers two to three, on long stems. Produetive. Produees a good crop of seed. Comparison — Paler than Countess Spencer in eool weather. Standard more nearly upright and wings more incurved than those of Countess Spencer. Remarks — Two stocks pure. HERCULES Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1911. Donated by Stark, 191-; Boddington, 1913. Description in tirief — A very large, wavcil, pink self. Description in detail — Color same as Countess Spencer. Flower very large, slightly waved form. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Tendrils colored. Comparison — A larger, but less waved. Countess Speneer. Better for exhibition than Countess Spencer. LADY SARAH SPENCER Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. Donated by Cole, 1910. Description in brief — Originator describes as pink suffused with sahnon. Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer in all respects. Remarks — Stock pure but not true. LOVELY SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by Morse, 1910. Description in brief — Large, waved form of Lovely. Description in detail — Color of standard pale hlac-rose 130 (2); wings 130 (3). Flower ver;/ large; standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, long and very broad, waved, spreading. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Comparison — Lighter in color than Countess Spencer. Remarks — A distinct A'ariety. A pure stock. MARION Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, broad, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately pro- ductive. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. Remarks — Has been described as lilac-rose. 336 Bulletin 342 MRS. ALFRED WATKINS Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. Description in brief — Pale pink with lighter edges, Unwin type. A garden or market variety. Description in detail — Color lilac-rose 130 (1-2), fading to almost white edges. Flower large, Unwin type; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long stems. Productive. Bums more or less in the sun. Comparison — Does not resemble Peach Blossom very closely. Remarks — Three stocks pure. One stock contained one Captain of the Blues Spencer. PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, Sydenham, 1907. Donated by Boddington, Miss Hemus, Morse, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A large, pink, waved variety. Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer. Remarks — Miss Hemus' stock pure. ZARA Originated by Biff en. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A garden variety. Description in detail — Color of standard hydrangea pink 132 (2-3); wings 132 (1-2). Flower large, Unwin form; standard large, slightly waved; wings medium, partly open. Substance good. Flowers two to four, on moderately long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant healthy and of medium height. Comparison — More buff than Lovely Spencer. Synonyms — We should call it Honorable F. Bouverie Spencer. Remarks — A pure stock. Pink (Pale pink group) CHARM Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1913. Donated by Burpee, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 178 (i or paler). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly placed on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. ELFRIDA PEARSON Originated by J. R. Pearson & Sons. Introduced by Pearson, 191 1. Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink variety. Description in detail — Color hlac-rose 152 (i to much lighter); flower opens with con- siderable primrose in the standard, which is blush-pink; flower changes, losing its Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 337 primrose tint, becoming u blusli-pink on white. Flower largo, waved form; stanrlarJ large, waved, often double, sometimes triple. Plant of tall, strong, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green, healthy. Comparison — Not so large as Princess Victoria, but more salmon. A deeper pink than Lady Evelyn Eyre. Rose EDNA TURNER Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 191 1. Donated by Dipnall. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purple-rose 150 (i). Flower large, waveil form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Stems medium to long, slender. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. Remarks — Two color rogues: (i) dark violet, (2) earminedake and orange. KING MARJORIE Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4), shading into Tyrian rose 155 (1-2); wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Good substance. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Fragrance none. Bloom scant. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — An improved Marjorie Willis. MARIE CORELLI Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1910. Donated by Burpee, Morse. Description in brief — A waved " rose-carmine " variety. Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (3-4); wings purple-rose 150 (1-2). (See description of Marjorie WiUis.) Remarks — A pure stock. MARJORIE WILLIS Oriijinated by Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, Breadmore, Wright, 1908. Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Rohnert, 1912; Burpee, 1913. Description in brie} — A large, waved, rose and carmine variety, for garden and exhibi- tion use. Description m detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 150 (3); wmgs Tyrian rose 150 (1-2). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, conceal- ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Ten- drils colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. Comparison — Very similar to Marie Corelli. Remarks — A pure stock. 00 S Bulletin 345 ROSABELLE Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 1912. Donated by King, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (i), tinged with violet at the base; wings pure mauve 181 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Comparison — Superior to Marjoric Willis or Marie CoreUi. ROSE DIAMOND Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1912. Donated by Aldersey, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-lake 121 (2-3); wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregularly placed on short, slender stems. Slightly fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. Comparison — Lighter, purer rose shades than George Herbert. Salmoti Shades BARBARA Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, Holmes, 1912. Donated by Sydenham, 1912. Description in brief — A salmon-orange self. Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2-3); wings madder lake 122 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium length. Little, if any, fragrance. Moderately productive. Bums badly. Is badly injured by wet weather. Plant of medium height, strong. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils often colored. Comparison — Flowers larger, bloom better, and stems stronger than Stirling Stent, but a lighter orange. A lighter orange than Thomas Stevenson. EARL SPENCER Originated by Cole. Introduced by Dobbie, Cole, 1910. Donated by Boddington, 191 1; Burpee, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, orange variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, con- cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, close, on short to medium stems of medium strength. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Classification of Garden \'ariicties of the Sweet Pea 339 INSPECTOR Originated by Dobbie. Iiilroduced by Dobbie, 1913. Donated by Dobliic, IQ13. Description in brief ~ \ duplex, or double, form of Stirling Stent. Description in detail — (See Stirling Stent.) Comparison — Is a strain of Stirling Stent produeing a good percentage of doubles. If anything, it is of more vigorous growth than Stirling Stent. Remarks — A very good duplex variety. MELBA Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Doljljie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, Dobbie, 1913. Description in brief — An orange-salmon flower. Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-carmine 125 (3-4), deepest on back; wings salmon-carmine 125 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes double; wings long and broad. Flowers two to three, on mediunr stems. Bloom profuse. Burns badly, fs badly injured ))y wet weather. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Is smaller and lighter, and has much more orange, than Helen Lewis. Burned less m 1913 trials than Earl .Spencer. STIRLING STENT Originated by James Agate. Introduced by Agate, 1911. Donated by Boddington, 1911; Burpee, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A bright salmon-orange variety. Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (2-4), back 122 (4) ; wmgs madder lake 122 (1-2), back 122 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, shghtly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, ]3ointed, dark green. Comparison — A deeper color, with much less burning, than Earl Speneer. TORTOISE SHELL Originated by Alderse}'. Introduced by Aldersey, 191Q. Donated by Aldersey, 1912. Description in brief — A shrimp pink variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings shrimp pink 75 (2-3), veined darker. Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom rather scant. Burns badly. Plant of medmm height and slender growth. Comparison — Color not so bright as Barbara. Remarks — A pleasing, distinct color among new types. Scarlet BOLTON'S SCARLET Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. Donated by Boddington, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson variety. 340 Bulletin 342 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings amaranth-red 168 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standanl large, .slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Remarks — Stock pure, true. BOBBIE'S SCARLET Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard varies from crimson-red 114 (i) to carmine- red 116 (l); wings crimson-red 114 (l). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. Comparison — Similar to George Stark. Remarks — In 1913 the best of the scarlets. DORIS BURT Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, scarlet, waved, garden variety. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3). Wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long stems. Very slight fragrance. Burns badly. Plant slender, of medium height. The foliage has a blue cast, the young shoots a purplish cast. Remarks — A pure stock. GEORGE STARK Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1910. Donated by Stark, 1910. Description in brief — Medium to large, bright red. Description in detail — Color of standard carmme-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). Standard medium to large, upright, open, flat or very slightly wavcii; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately strong growth. Calyx colored. Remarks — Wmgs sometimes larger than standard. A pure stock as to color. GEORGE STARK IMPROVED Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1910. Donated by Stark, 1910; Boddington, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety suitable for all purposes. Description in detail — Color of standard 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). Standard large to veiy large. Spencer-waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very slight fragrance, if an)-. Bloom pro- fuse. Burns in the sun. Growth strong and vigorous. Calyx colored. Comparison — Color of Queen Alexandra. Remarks — There is a double-flowered strain offered by Stark. Classification of Garden VARiiiTiES of the Sweet Pea 341 GEORGE WASHINGTON Orioiiialcil h_\ . Introdiia'd by Henderson, 1910. Doiialcd by Hemk-rsun. Dcsinplioii 111 brief — "A vrrv hirRc crimson scarict." — Hemlerson's catalogue. Remarks — This slock unlnrtunatcly imjikiccd two shaiks of red m equal proportion. Withdrawn after first season. MISS E. F. DRAYSON Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. Donated by I'nwin, iQio. Desert [ytioii in lirief — .\ medium-sized, scarlet, Unwin varietv. Description in detail — Culor of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wmgs, front I,s6 d), back 156 [J). Standard of medium size, Unwin type; wmgs short anil l)road. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Burns slightly. Plant of short, slender grciwth. Seed round, l^laek. Comparison — Color lictween Coccmea and Queen Alexandra, but resembles the latter more closely. Remarks — thie maroon plant appeared in the stock. PREMIER Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 1. Donated Iiy Stark, 1912. Description in detait — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3), back a deeper color; wings crimson-rcd 114 (i). Flnwer A'ery large, waved form; standard very large, waved slightly; wings short and Inoad. Flowers irregular on long, strong stems. Not fragrant. Moderately productive. Svmproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Lcaflcls broad. Comparison — A similar Hower to that of George Stark, but the plant is stronger. RED PARADISE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by ;\Iiss Hemus, 1910. Donated by iliss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A meilium-sizcd, waved, bright red variety. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (1-2). Standard of meilumi size, slightly waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers on strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance very slight. Sunproof. Plant not healthv. Growth stunted apparently from some pliysiological affection. Foliage blue-green. Remarks — Slock mixed, two shades of red. Owing to the disease mentioned above, the varietN' did not show up so well as it probably should have done. RED STAR Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wmgs carmine- purple 156 (2-3). Flower large, open form; standard large, flat; wings long and broad. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broail. 342 Bulletin 342 Comparison — Slightly better than George Stark. Remarks — At this station this variety is the best of the Queen Alexandra color. ROYAL SCARLET Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. Donated by Aldersey, 1912 (^Mdersey's No. 139). Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet self. Description in detail — Color geranium red in (i); wings the same color. Flowers large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- ing. Flowers on short stems. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — A duller and paler red than King Edward VII. SCARLET EMPEROR Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 1912. Donated by Sydenham, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson-scarlet self. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings lighter inside. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, wide-spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on strong, medium to long stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Is a better, clearer scarlet, blooms better, and burns less, than George Stark. Is a better scarlet and blooms better than Red Star. Remarks — The best scarlet in 1912. SCARLET EMPRESS Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 1912. Donated by Sydenham, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety. Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1—2); wings the same color. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, spread- ing. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium to long, strong stems. Moder- ately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Remarks — A good, bright, clear scarlet. SCARLET MONARCH Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. Donated by Deal. Description in brief — A crimson-scarlet self. Description in detail — Color of standard currant red 115 (2-4); wings currant red 115 (i), veined darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved sHghtly, with round, broarl base; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on short stems. Scarcely any fragrance. Blooni moderate. Burns badly. Plant of tall, slender growtli. Remarks — Stock pure and true to type. Classification of Gardex \^\rieties of thf. Sweet Pea _-\4,\ VERMILION BRILLIANT Originated by Burpee. Inlroduced by Burpee, 1912. Donated by Burpee. BodJington, tqi2. Description m detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3); wings crimson-red 114 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; wings short and broad. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) SENATOR SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1910. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, rgii, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large garden or exhibition variety, with chocolate-colored stripes on a white ground. Description in detail — Color purple-brown 166 (1-2) stripes on a purplish-tinted white 6 (2) ground. Standard large, round. Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, waved. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Growth medium, stout, health)'. Seed very large, black. Remarks — In 1910 the introducer's stock was fixed. The other stock contained Aurora. Later stocks were correct. Striped and Flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) AURORA SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 1911, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped variety, for garden, market, or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard salmon-pink 126 (4), on a creamy white ground; wings deep cerise 123 (r-3). Standard large to very large, Spencsr- waved; wings large, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium length. Fragrant, Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Remarks — The standard variety of this color. MAGNIFICENT Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 1910. Donated by Miller, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped, garden variety. Description in detail — Creamy white 10 (i) ground, with salmon-pink 126 (4) stripes on standard and deep cerise 123 (1-3) on wings. Standard large, waved; wings large to very large, waved, standing out at right angles to the standard, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Blackens in bright sunshine. Plant strong, vigorous, healthy. Comparison — Same color as Aurora Spencer, and not affected by the sun. Remarks — A fixed stock. 344 Bulletin 342 MRS. W. J. UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. Donated by Unwin, for advance trial. Description in brief — A large flower, striped with bright rosy scarlet; for garden, market, or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (4); on wings almost carmine-lake 121 (i), but more salmony. Standard large. Spencer- waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy grovvth. Comparison — Color deeper and brighter than Aurora. Remarks — A fixed stock. This variety is not synonymous with Aurora, as is some- times reported; repeated trials indicate that it is distinct. STARK'S ELEGANCE Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1909. Donated by Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, striped with rosy scarlet; a garden variety. Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); on wings 124 (1-2). Standard of medium size, upright; wings hooded, upright, long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on short stems. Slight fragrance. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Comparison — Inferior to Aurora Spencer. Remarks — Contained one plant of Salopian. Has no value. Striped and Flaked (Pink on primrose ground) ETHEL ROOSEVELT Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 1910, under name Lottie Hutchins Spencer. Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose striped with hght pink; a garden or exhibition variety. Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) ground. Standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, partly open. Flow- ers two to three, on medium stems. Slightly fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sun- proof. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Remarks — A fixed stock. Sent out as Ethel Roosevelt in 191 1. MRS. H. D. TIGWELL Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved flower, pink-striped on a creamy white ground. Description in detail — Color pale hlac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a creamy white 10 (4) ground. Standard large, sKghtly waved; wings large, drooping, conceaUng the keel. Poor substance. Some flowers do not open. Flowers two to three, on moderately long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom fair. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Color in axils of leaves. Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt, but of poor substance. Remarks — A pure stock. Bulletin ^^42 PLATL'XXXIV Sciialor Spencer BiTLLETIN 342 Plate XXXV While Spencer Classification ue Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 345 ZENA Originated by Miss Hemus. Inlroduced by Miss Hemus, igio. Donated hy Miss Hemus, 19 10. Description in brief — A large garden variety, with red flakes on a ereainy white ground. Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 1,^0 (4) on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) ground. Standard large, very slightly waved; wings large, partly open. Flowers three, on moderately long, strong stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt. Reniarlis — Contains a large number of mauve-striped flowers. Striped and Flaked (Purple and blue) APIilL Originated hy Dipnall. Introduced hy Dipnall, 1 91 3. Donated hy Dipnall. 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved, blue-striped variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light bluish violet 202 (1-4) flaked and striped on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom not profuse. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Comparison — Quite distinct from Bertie Usher. Remarks — Stock pure, true. BERTIE USHER Originated by Usher. Introduced by Usher, 1912. Donated hy .Sutton, 1912, 1913. Description in brief — A large, waved flower, striped with violet-purple. Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped and flaked with violet- purple 192 (i) on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Similar in color to Loyalty, but has smaller flowers and is a less vigorous plant. BLUE FLAKE Originated hy Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. Donated hy Unwin. Description in brief — Light blue flake on white, Unwin form; a large garden variety. Description in detail — Flower opens with considerable mauve in the color, but changes to Parma violet 200 (1-2) stripes on the standard and 200 (2-3) on the wings, with a lilaey white 7 (2) ground. Standard medium to large, Unwin form; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Comparison — Distinct from Paradise Blue Flake. Remarks — A pure stock. 346 Bulletin 342 BLUE FLAKE SPENCER Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 1912. Donated by Box, 1912. Description in brief — A large, blue-flaked variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-purple 192 (1-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom not profuse. Plant tall, strong. Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. GEORGE CURZON Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 19 12. Donated by Aldersey, 1912. Description in brief — Dark blue flake. Description in detail — Standard and wings have bright bluish flakes on a white or pale lavender ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaf- lets broad, pointed; tendrils green. Comparison — Not equal to Loyalty. LOYALTY Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A purple-violet flake on a white ground. Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped purple- violet 192 (i) on a white ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; wings short, broad. Substance good. Flowers three, on medium stems. Mod- erate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. Comparison — Like Senator, except striped with blue. Better than Blue Flake Spencer. Remarks — The finest blue stripe. Stock pure, true. PARADISE BLUE FLAKE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A large flower, having clear blue stripes on a white ground. Description in detail — A purphsh-tinted white 6 (3-4) ground, with Parma violet 200 (3-4) stripes on standard and ageratum blue 201 (1-2) on wings. Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings hooded, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, very vigorous growth. Comparison — Opens with less mauve, is less striped, and shows more white ground than Blue Flake. Remarks — A fixed stock. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 347 Striped and Flaked (Red on white ground) AMERICA SPENCER Originated by — . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. Donated by Burpee, 1913. Description in brief — Large, waved, red-flaked on a white ground. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings rosy white 8 (i), striped with red- dish purple 161 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers usually three, on strong, short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. A gar- den or exhibition variety. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. GAIETY SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1912. Description in brief — A waved variety. Description iti detail — The standard and wings are striped with purple-rose 150 (1) ona rosy white 8 (i)ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved, some double; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to four, well placed on very long, strong stems. Productive. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Foliage rich dark green; tendrils colored; color in axils of peduncles and leaflets. JACK UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, red-striped variety, for garden or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color of stripes Rose Neyron red 119 (2-3) ona white ground. Standard large, slightly w-aved ; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Comparison — The Unwin form of Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain. Remarks — A fixed stock. PARADISE RED FLAKE Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — A large, red-striped variety. Description in detail — A rosy white ground 8 (3-4), with stripes of madder carmine 141 (3-4) on standard and carmine-purple 156 (i) on wings. Standard large, upright, open; wings large. Flowers two to three, on moderate stems. Fragrance slight. Plant of strong growth. Comparison — A heavier stripe than Jack Unwin. Very distinct from America in color. Remarks — A pure stock. 348 Bulletin 342 RAINBOW SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Burpee, 1912. Donated by Burpee, Boddington, Morse, 1912. Description in detail — A faint pink stripe on white. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved; wings very large. Flowers on long, very strong stems. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Comparison — Larger than Gaiety Spencer. Remarks — All stocks were one half to three fourths Gaiety Spencer. RAMONA SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. Description in brief — A medium to large, waved flower, striped with pale rosy pink; a garden variety. Description in detail — Color of stripes rosy pink 118 (i) on a rosy white 8 (i) ground. Standard medium to large, waved; wings of medium size, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of moderately vigorous, healthy growth. Flowers fade, becoming almost white. Comparison — Rosabelle Hoarc is a deeper stripe. Later stocks of this variety are superior to those of 1910 and have superseded Rosabelle Hoare. Remarks — Too pale a stripe. RED FLAKE SPENCER Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. Donated by Henderson, 1910. Description in brief — A red stripe on a white ground. Synonyms — Synonymous with America. Remarks — A mixed stock. ROSABELLE HOARE Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. Donated by Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, flaked variety, Unwin form. Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4), with stripes of Rose Neyron red 119 (1-2) on standard and rosy pink 118 (1-2) on wings. Standard large, Unwin form; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of moderate length. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Comparison — Flowers deeper-colored than Ramona Spencer. After 1910 Ramona Spencer was so much improved as to supersede Rosabelle Hoarc. Remarks — A fi.-^ed stock. UNCLE SAM Originated by Burpee. Introduced by . Donated by Burpee, for advance trial. Description in brief — A large, waved flower, with deep red stripes; a garden variety. Classification of Garden V^vrieties of the Sweet Pea 349 Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard geranium red iii (i), on wings III (1-2), on a white ground. Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, partly open. Flowers two to three, on moderately long, strong stems. Plant of mod- erately tall, vigorous growth. Comparison — Superior in size to Red Flake Paradise. Remarks — A fi.xcd stock. Should have been introdueed m 191 1, as it was then the best erimson-striped variety. Striped and Flaked (Rose on primrose ground) ZEBRA Originated by Biffen. Introduced by Miss Hcmus, 1910. Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. Description in brief — Large, "reddish mauve flake" on a creamy white ground; a garden or exhibition variety. Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 1.S4 (,^-4), wings with 1,54 (1-2), on a creamy white 10 (1-2) ground. Standaixl large, waved; wmgs long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems. Moderate fra- grance. Bloom free. Bums slightly. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Remarks — A pure stock. Distinct in color from the other varieties here listed. White ALTHORP WHITE Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. Donated by Cole. Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or exhibition use. Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved, with round top; wings short, broad, partly open, waved. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. INIodcrately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately strong, health)' growth. Scol wdiite. Synonyms — A synonym of Etta Dyke. Remarks — Stock pure. ETTA DYKE Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Raw-son, Unwin, 1910. Description in brief — A large, pure white. Spencer-waved variety. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings milk white II (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, conceahng the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Tendrils green. Seed white. Comparison — Similar to the best strains of Burpee's White Spencer. Remarks — The English stocks of this variety in 1910 were superior to tlie American, not only in amount of wavincss but also in purity of stock. FLORENCE WRIGHT SPENCER Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 3 50 Bulletin 342 Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (1-2), fading to pure white. Flower very large, waved form. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, stout stems. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green. Comparison — A superior strain of Florence Wright. MRS. SANKEY SPENCER Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. Donated hy Boddington, Morse, 1910. Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (1-2); shows a tinge of pink in opening buds, but fades to white. Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous, lasting well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Seed large, round, dark brown. Remarks — One stock pure. MONEYMAKER Originated by Agate. Introduced by Agate, Lumley, 1910. Donated by Farquhar, 191,3. Description in brief — A very large, waved, white variety. Description in detail — Color snow white 2 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard vcr)- large, slightly waved; wings large, short and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Remarks — Stock pure, true. NORA UNWIN Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. Donated by Boddington, Dobbic, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or market use. Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, shghtly waved, with round top; wings long and broad, conccahng the keel. Flowers two to four, mostly three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. Germination forty to seventy-five per cent. Remarks — A standard white variety. SNOWDON Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1913. Donated by Boddington, 1913. Description in detail — Color of standard and wings snow white 2 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short Lind broail, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. Remarks — Stock pure, true. Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 351 WHITE QUEEN Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. Donated by Stark, 1912. Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (i), fading to pure white. Flower large. Flowers three to four, on very long, strong stems. Plant tall, very vig- orous. Foliage dark green, healthy. Comparison — Superior to White Spencer. Remarks — Should be given a trial. WHITE SPENCER Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. Description in brief — Large, pure white, waved, productive; a garden, market, and exhibition variety. Description in detail — Color of flower milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, vSpencer- waved, with round top; wings long and broad, waved, partly open. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Mid- season. Plant of tall, healthy, vigorous growth. Seed white. Germination seventy to eighty per cent. Synonyms — The true flowers of this variety are identical with Etta Dyke, under which name it is known in England. Remarks — Two of the stocks received in 1910 were pure as to color, but all gave some flowers that were not of the waved form. A standard white variety. 3S2 Bulletin 342 THE BEST VARIETIES OF SWEET PEAS The following list includes our selection from the hundreds of varieties tested under New York conditions. It is a matter of personal taste whether some of the color sections are desirable for any particular garden; however, it is easily possible to select those varieties that are suited to indiiddual tastes. W.WED V.^RIETIES Bicolnr — Mrs. Cuthbcrtson, Colleen. Bhie — Margaret Madison, Flora Norton Spencer, Blue Jacket. Blush — Lady Evelyn Eyre, Princess Victoria, Florence Morse Spencer. Carmine — John Ingman. Cerise — Chrissie Unwin. Cream, Buff, and Ivory — Primrose Spencer, Isolicl Malcolm, Primrose Beauty, Lady Knox. Queen Victoria Spencer. Cream-pink {Deep) — Mrs, Gibbs Box, Constance Oliver. Cream-pink (Pale) — Mrs. Routzahn, Lady Miller, Mrs. Hugh Dickson. Crimson — King Edward Spencer. Fancy — Afterglow. Lavendei Florence Nightingale. Magenta — Menie Christie. Marbled — May Campbell. Maroon — Nubian, King Manoel. Maroon-purple — Arthur Green. Maroon-red — Brunette, Red Chief. Mauve (Dark) — Tennant Spencer. Mauve (Pale) — Mrs. Heslington, Mauve Queen. Orange-pink — Edrom Beaut}', Carcne, Helen Lewis. Orange-scarlet — Thomas .Stevenson. Picotee edged (Cream ground) — Evelyn Hemus, Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. Picotee edged (White ground) — Dainty Spencer, Elsie Herbert, Martha Washington. Pink (Deep) — Hercules, Countess Spencer. Pink (Pale) — Elfrida Pearson. Rose — Marie Corelli, Rosabelle. Salmon Shades — Stirling Stent, Melba, Bar1)ara. Scarlet — Dobbie's Scarlet, Scarlet Emperor, Reil Star. Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) — Senator Spencer, Striped and Flaked (Purple and blue) — Loyalty. Striped and Flaked [Red and rose) — America Spencer, Aurora Spencer, Mrs. W. J. Unwin. White — White Spencer, Nora Lhiwin. VARIETIES OF OPEN AND KOODED FORMS Bicolor — Blanche Ferry, Jeannie Gordon. Bine — Bnlliant Blue, Navy Blue. Blue (Light) — Flora Norton. Blush — Modesty. Cerise — Coccinea. Classification of Garden Varieties ok the Sweet Pea Cream, Buff, and Ivory ^ Znnn^i, The Honorable Mrs. [I. Keiiyon, Queen Vietoria. Crimson — King Eilwanl V'll. Lavender — Lady Gnzel Hamilton. Marbled — Helen Pierce. Maroon — Blaek Kniglil, Othello. Mauve — Admiration, Mrs. Walter Wright, Dorothy Tennant. Orange Shades — Henry Eckford, Miss Wilmott. Picotee edged — Dainty, Lottie Eckford, Phenomenal. Pink — Prima Donna, Lovely, Katherine Tracy, Janet Scott. Rose and Carmine — Lord Rosebcrry. Scarh'l — Queen Alexandra. Striped and Flaked {Chocolate on gray ground) — .Senator. Striped and Flaked (Purple and blue) — Princess of Wales, Hester Striped and Fluked (Red and rose) — America, Aurora, Ramona. White — Dorothy Eckford, Shasta, Emily Henderson, White Wonder. EARLY-FLOWERINO V.VRIETIES Bico'.or — Earliest of All. Blue — Le Marquis (described in Bidletin 319 of this station, page 655). Lavender — Mrs. Alexander Wallace (described in Bulletin 319, page 6,53). Primrose — Earliest Sunbeams. Salmon-p-ink — Mrs. William Sim (rlescriljed in Bulletin 319, page 648). While — Earliest White, Mont Blanc. MARKET VARIETIES Open and hooded varieties — Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VIL Brilliant Blue, Lady Grizel Hamilton, Prima Donna, Blanche Ferry. Waved varieties — Countess Spencer, Nora Unwin, Asta Ohn, King Edward Spencer. The market requires flowers of good substance, so that llicy will endure handling, and in good, elear colors. Pink, Pinlc and White, La\'ender, and Red and White varieties are most in demand and these should com- prise the greater part of the plantings. A few of the Blue, Crcam-ijink, and Primrose varieties may be sold. The nttmber of blooms of the last- named that may be disposed of will depend oia the market. The early- flowering varieties mentioned above are stiitable for market. INDEX TO VARIETIES PAGE Acme 259 Admiral Togo 266 Admiration 275 Adonis 236 Afterglow 309 Agnes Eckford 259 Agnes Johnson 237 A. J. Cook 322 Alba Magnifica 252 Albatross 285 Albion 286 Alice Eckford 2t,t, Althorp Cream 297 Althorp White 349 America 250 American Belle 255 American Queen 236 Ameiica Spencer 347 Amethjrst 323 Andrew Aitken 329 Anglian Orange 329 Annabel Lee 317 Annie B. Gilroy 262 Annie Stark 283 Apple Blossom 255 Apple Blossom Spencer 290 April 345 Argosy 275 Arthur Green 320 Arthur Unwin 290 Asta Ohn 310 Audry Crier 333 Aurora 283 Aurora Spencer 343 Azure Fairy 241 Baker's Scarlet 239 Barbara 338 Beacon 231 Beatrice Spencer 334 Bertha Massey 323 Bertie Hamilton 251 Bertie Usher 345 Bertrand W. Deal 310 Beryl 303 Betty 323 Black 243 PAGE Blackbird 266 Black Knight 242 Black Michael 242 Blanche Burpee 285 Blanche Ferry 229 Blanche Ferry Spencer 290 Blue Bell (May) 231 Blue Belle (Bide) 232 Blue Bird 266 Blue Edged 246 Blue Flake 345 Blue Flake Spencer 346 Blue Jacket 291 Blushing Beauty 259 Blushing Bride 229 Blush Queen 293 Blush Rose Spencer 334 Bob 264 Bobby K 293 Bolton's Pink 276 Bolton's Scarlet 339 Boreatton 243 Bride of Niagara 229 Bridesmaid 247 Brilliant 264 Brilliant Blue 258 Britannia 284 British Queen 261 Bronze King 231 Bronze Paradise 318 Bronze Prince 231 Brunette 322 Butterfly 277 Buttonhole 277 California 259 Calypso 241 Caprice (Henderson) 281 Caprice (Johnson) 284 Captain Clarke 246 Captain of the Blues 257 Captain of the Blues Spencer 321 Captivation '244 Captivation Spencer 306 Cardinal 238 Cardinal Wolseley 243 Carene 326 354 Classification of Garden Varieties ok the vSwfet Pea 35 5 PAGE Carmen Sylva 241 Carmine Invincible 238 Celestial 271 Chancellor 277 Charles Foster 309 Charles Hemus 318 Charm 336 Chastity 332 Chrissie Unwin 296 Clara Curtis 297 Coccinea 262 Coccinea Paradise 297 Colleen 290 Colonist 260 Columbia 250 Constance Oliver 301 Coquette 255 Coral Gem 263 Coronation (?) 237 Coronation (Bolton) 303 Coronet 249 Cottage Maid 259 Countess Cadogan 257 Countess of Aberdeen 260 Countess of Lathorn 263 Countess of Powis 245 Countess of Radnor 271 Countess of Shrewsbury 231 Countess Spencer 334 Cream of Brockhampton 286 Creole , 240 Crimson Giant 307 Crimson Paradise 307 Crown Jewel 255 Crown Princess of Prussia 247 Cyril Breadmore 261 Cyril Unwin 318 Dainty 279 Dainty Spencer 332 David R. Williamson 257 Dawn (Stark) 255 Dawn (Walker) 274 Daybreak 250 Dazzler 329 Delicata 260 Delight 234 Devonshire Cream 254 Distinction 332 Dobbie's Cream 297 PAGE Dobl;ic's vScarlet 340 Dully Vardcn 278 Dora 310 Dora Breadinorc 270 Doris Burt 340 Dons Usher 301 Dorothy Eckford 2S5 Dorothy Tcnnant 275 Dorothy Vick 235 Double Duke of Clarence 268 Double Primrose Beauty 298 Douglas Breadmore 281 Douglas Unwin 31S Dragonfly 310 Duchess of Edinburgh 235 Duchess of Marllioro 247 Duchess of Sutherland 260 Duchess of Westminster 2^7 Duchess of York 251 Dudley Lees 268 Duke of Clarence 268 Duke of Clarence, Doulile (see Double Duke of Clarence) Duke of Kent 248 Duke of Sutherland 268 Duke of Westminster 257 Duke of York 231 Earl Cromer 273 EarUest of All 229 Earliest Sunbeams 254 Earliest White 252 Earl Spencer 338 Eastern Queen 282 Edith Taylor 326 Edna Turner 337 Edna Unwin Improved 329 Edrom Beauty 327 E.J. Castle 295 Elaine 298 Elf rida Pearson 336 Elfrieda 249 EUa Kelway 303 Elsie Herbert 332 Emily Eckford 275 Emily Eckford Spencer 323 Emily Henderson 252 Emily Lynch 255 Empress 324 Empress of India (Eckford) 232 3S6 Bulletin 342 PAGE Empress of India (May) 243 Enchantress 334 Enid 256 Eric Har\'ey 333 Esmeralda 261 Etliel Roosevelt 344 Etna 241 Etta Dylce 349 Evelyn Breadmore 260 Evelyn Byatt 245 Evelyn Hemus 331 . Evening Star 237 Exquisite 274 Extra Early Blanche Ferry 230 Fadeless Scarlet Gem 239 Fairy Queen 234 Fascination 275 Fashion 273 Felicity 310 Finetta Bathurst 285 Firefly 239 Flora Norton 233 Flora Norton Spencer 292 Florence Fraser 230 Florence Molyneaux 282 Florence Morse Spencer 294 Florence Nightingale 311 Florence Spencer 334 Florence Wright Spencer 349 Florist Lavender 271 Florrie Crutcher 280 Forty-niner 286 Frances Deal 324 Frank Dolby 311 Frank Unwin 311 Gaiety 284 Gaiety Spencer 347 Garnet Spencer 319 G. C. Waud 307 Gem 232 George Curzon 346 George Gordon 273 George Herbert 296 George Stark 340 George Stark Improved 340 George Washington 341 Giant Cream Waved 298 Gladys Burt 304 Gladys French 274 PAGE Gladys Unwin 335 Glyn Turquand 327 Golden Gate 278 Golden Gleam 287 Golden Rose 283 Gorgeous 245 Grace May 252 Graeie Greenwood 263 Gray Friar 274 G. W. Kerr 263 Hannah Dale 267 Harold 254 Harvard 265 Helen Grosvenor 327 Helen Lewis 327 Helen Pierce 241 Helen WiUiams 331 Helio Paradise 324 Heliotrope Spencer 324 Henry Eckford 248 Herbert Smith 245 Hercules 335 Her Majesty 261 Hester 249 Het ty Green 245 Hilda Jeffrey 255 H. J. R. Digges 267 Holdfast Belle 304 Honorable F. Bouverie 263 Horace Wright 268 Ignea 265 Imperial Blue 258 Improved Dudley Lees 268 Inconstancy 254 Indigo King 269 Inspector 339 Invincible Scarlet 239 Invincible Scarlet Striped 251 Invincible Striped 251 Irish Belle 311 Isa Eckford 248 Isobel Malcolm 298 I vanhoe 312 Ivy Miller 278 Jack Unwin 347 James Grieve 287 Janet Scott 263 Jeannie Gordon 256 Jessie Cuthbcrlson 283 Classification of c'jaruen Varieties of the vSweet Pea ,55; I'A(;k Jet 2(,7 John Ingman 2i)() John Ridd :;2 1 Josephine White 252 J. T. Crier 271 Juanita 2x1 Juliet 304 Katharine Tracy 248 Kelway Black 26c) Keston Red 266 King Edward Improved 2t,l) King Edward VII 239 King Edward Spencer 307 King Manoel 319 King Marjorie 337 Lady Aberdare 260 Lady Althorp 294 Lady Beaconsfield 232 Lady Cooper 272 Lady Dalkeith 230 Lady Evelyn Eyre 294 Lady Grizel Hamilton 272 Lady Knox 298 Lady Mary Currie 277 Lady Miller 304 Lady M. Ormsby Gore 270 Lady Nina Balfour 272 Lady Sarah Spencer 335 Lady Skelmersdale 256 Laura Wyatt 328 Lavender Queen 312 Lavender Spencer 312 Lemon Queen 234 Leslie Imber 292 Liberty 307 Light Gaiety 284 Lila 294 Lilac Queen 312 Little Dorrit 230 Lord Althorp 3^'^* Lord Derby 280 Lord Kenyon 273 Lord Nelson 258 Lord Roseberry 273 Loma Doone 295 Lottie Eckford 278 Lottie Hutchins 283 Lovely 280 Lovely Spencer 335 PAGE Loyally 346 Madame Carnot 258 Madeline Cole 272 Magnificent 343 Maid of Honor 279 Majestic 261 Malcolm's No. 14 313 Mandoline 313 Marbled Blue 249 Marchioness of Cholmondele\' .... 270 Margaret Madison 292 Marie Corelli 337 Marion 335 Marjorie Willis 337 Marks Tey 316 Maroon Paradise 321 Mars 265 Martha Washington 333 Mary Garden 301 Masterpiece 313 Mauve Beauty 313 Mauve Paradise 325 Mauve Queen 325 Mauve Spencer 313 May Campbell 317 May Farquhar 292 May Perrett 237 May Perrett Spencer 299 Melba 339 Menie Christie 316 Meteor 246 Mid Blue 233 Midnight 267 Mikado 284 Mildred Ward 246 MiUie Mashn 265 Mima Johnston 236 Minnehaha 252 Minnie Furnell 302 Minnie Keepers 272 Miriam Beaver 302 Miss Bostock 264 Miss E. F. Drayson 341 Miss Ethel 234 Miss Hunt 236 Miss Wilmott 277 Miss Wilmott Improved 277 Mrs. Alfred Watkms 336 Mrs. A. Malcolm 287 3 58 Bulletin 342 Mrs. Andrew Ireland 290 Mrs. Bieberstedt 276 Mrs, Charles Foster 314 Mrs. Charles Masters 264 Mrs. Collier 287 Mrs. Cuthbertson 291 Mrs. C. W. Breadmore 331 Mrs. Dugdale 260 Mrs. Duncan 308 Mrs. Eckford 287 Mrs. E. Cowdy 321 Mrs. E. Oilman 256 Mrs. E. Herbert 280 Mrs. Fitzgerald 270 Mrs. George Higginson, jr 272 Mrs. Gibbs Box 302 Mrs. Gladstone 234 Mrs. Hardeastle Sykcs 295 Mrs. H. D. Tigwell 344 Mrs. Henry Bell 305 Mrs. Heslington 325 Mrs. H. Kendall Barnes 270 Mrs. Hugh Dickson 305 Mrs. Isaac House 272 Mrs. J. Miller 277 Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain 284 Mrs. Knights-Smith 280 Mrs. Langtry 252 Mrs. Reginald HiU 314 Mrs. R. M. Shelton 261 Mrs. Routzahn 305 Mrs. Sankey 285 Mrs. Sankey Spencer 350 Mrs. Stewart Champion 305 Mrs. S. T. Walker 260 Mrs. Tom Fogg 276 Mrs. Walter AVright 276 Mrs. W. J. Unwin 344 Modesty 260 Monarch 269 Monej'maker 350 Mont Blanc 253 Moonstone 314 Natoma 302 Navy Blue 258 Negro 243 Nell Gwynne 303 Nellie Janes 230 Nettie Jenkins 3^4 PAGE New Countess 272 New Improved Lucy Hcmus 291 Nigger 267 Nita 281 Nora Unwin 350 Novelty 236 Nubian 319 Nymphaea 279 Oddity 261 Olive Ruffell 303 Orange King 330 Orange Perfection 330 Orange Prince 246 Orange Spencer 328 Orchid 315 Oregonia 285 Oriental 277 Orion 308 Othello 267 Othello Spencer 319 Ovid 261 Painted Lady 230 Paradise 336 Paradise Beauty 299 Paradise Blue Flake 346 Paradise Carmine 296 Paradise Ivor)' 299 Paradise Red Flake 347 Paradise Regained 295 Peach Blossom 248 Peacock 244 Pearl Grey 315 Perdita 274 Phenomenal 279 Phoebus 328 Phyllis Unwin 296 Picotee 333 Pink Friar 274 Pink Snapdragon 288 Premier 341 Prim.a Donna 280 Primrose 254 Primrose Beauty 299 Primrose Beauty, Double (sec Double Primrose Beauty) Primrose Paradise 300 Primrose Spencer 300 Piince Edward of York 235 Prince of Asturias 320 ("lassiI'Ii-ation of (jaruen X'AkiiiTiits (JF TiiF; Swi^iCT Pea Prince of ( )nin<:;c Prince of Wales Prince Olaf Princess Alice Spencer Princess Beatrice Princess Catherine Princess Louise Princess Maud of Wales Princess May Princess of Wales Princess Victoria (Dobbie) Princess Victoria (Eekfonl) Purple Purple Brown Stripe Purple King Purple Prince Purple Prince Spencer Purple Snapdragon Queen Alexandra Queenie Queen Mary Queen of England Queen of Mauves Queen of Pinks Queen of Spain Queen of the Isles Queen Victoria Queen Victoria Spencer Rainbow Spencer Ramona Ramona Spencer Red and White Striped Red Chief Red Flake Spencer Red Paradise Red Riding Hood Red Star Regina Reselectcd Extreme Early Earliest of All Rising Sun Romolo Piazzani Rosabelle Rosabelle Hoare Rose Diamond Rose Queen Rosie Adams Royal Purple Royal Robe I'AGIi 262 315 24.S ^95 244 262 240 281 ^Q,S -35 316 269 269 2S8 260 300 306 ^33 315 2 So 264 -51 287 300 34« 34« 34« 341 288 341 ^43 230 ^4^ 276 33« 348 338 281 308 317 281 i'A(;ii Royal Ri >si' 2^0 Royal Scarlet 34- Royahy 3^5 Ruby 330 Ruby Palmer 30S Sadie Burpee (Ijlack-seedcil) 285 Sadie Burpee (wliite-seeded) 286 Saf rano 288 St. Gec^rge 330 Salopian 265 Salvation Lassie . , . , 289 Scarlet Emperor 342 Scarlet Empress 342 Scarlet Gem 240 Scarlet Monarch 342 Seafoam 301 Senator 281 Senator Spencer 343 Sensation 260 Shahzada 267 Shasta 253 Shawrindasee 292 SiUts Cole 320 Snowdon 350 Snowflake 253 Southeote Blue 293 Speckled Beauty 274 Splendid Lilac 247 Splendour 2b2 Stanley 243 Stark's Elegance 344 SleUa Morse 271 Stirling Stent 339 Striped Celestial 282 Striped Tennant 282 Sue Earl 271 Sultan 244 SuniJi'oof King 309 .SunpriHif Salopian 266 vSunrise 237 Sunset 2>>T, .Sutton's Queen 306 Sweet La\'ender 317 Sybil Eckford 240 'Pennant Spencer 326 The Bride 286 The Fairy 273 The HonoraVjle Mrs. E. Keiiyon. . 2S8 The King 309 36o Bulletin 342 PAGE The Marquis 3:!6 The Queen 244 Thomas Stevenson 331 Tortoise Shell 339 Triumph 232 Triumph Spencer 291 True Lavender 273 Tweedy Smith 256 Uncle Sam 348 Unique 282 Venus 264 Vermilion Brilliant 343 Vesuvius 242 Victor Unwin 320 Violet Queen 24 ). Walter P. Wright 316 Waverly 258 Waverly Spencer 322 PAGE Wawona 282 W. E. Gladstone 240 White Queen 351 White Snapdragon 289 White Spencer 351 White Triumph 253 White Wonder 286 Winifred Deal 333 Winifred Unwin 316 W. T. Hutchins 306 Yellow Hammer 288 Zara 336 Zarina 238 Zebra 349 Zena 345 Zephyr 293 Zero 253 Zoe 233