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Modern Medicinal 
 Preparations 
 
 OF THE ; 
 
 FARBWERKE 
 
 , (Vormals Meister, Lucius & Briining) 
 
 Hokchst-on-Main, Gumany 
 
 VEREINIGTE CHEMISCHE WERKE 
 
 (Vormals Benno, Jaffe & Darmstaedter) 
 
 Charlottenbukg. Gumany 
 
 PUBLISHERS 
 
 Victor Koechl & Co. 
 
 H. A . ME TZ , Pres. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1907 
 
 E.V. 
 

 K^oii^s 
 
PREFACE TO THE SECOND 
 EDTTION. 
 
 nn HE first edition of Modern Medicinal 
 ■*■ Preparations issued January, 1903, was 
 received with such marked favor, that we feel 
 justified in the issuing of a second. There will 
 be found a number of changes, some of the 
 remedies included in the first edition being 
 left out of this, while several new ones have 
 been incorporated. Most of the articles have 
 been rewritten in order to bring them up 
 to date. As the remedies treated of are limited, 
 it is obviously less difficult to keep abreast 
 of the progress made with the newer ones — and 
 new application of the older ones. References 
 to the products appearing in the medical press 
 of this country, as well as of Europe, are so very 
 voluminous, that we can give but a few of them, 
 in order that the book may be kept within reasorir- 
 able size. The chemistry is but briefly given, 
 or, when it is complicated, left out entirely, as 
 we believe that the physician is more interested 
 
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 in the physiological properties, incompatibles, 
 and therapeutic applications. These, as before, 
 have been conscientiously given, every statement 
 being taken from clinical reports appearing in 
 reputable medical journals, which can be verified 
 by the references given. 
 
 Victor Koechl & Co. 
 
 New York, January 1st, 1907. 
 
PREFACE, 
 
 CLINICAL Reports are appearing from time 
 to time on the products mentioned in this 
 book, of great value to the practiser of medicine, 
 and while it would be utterly impossible to give even 
 brief abstracts of these reports, it is believed that a 
 concise statement of not only the therapeutics of 
 the various remedies, but their chemistry as well, 
 will be of value to the busy physician and sur- 
 geon. The statements are necessarily brief and 
 may seem to some dogmatic, but this is unavoid- 
 able in a work of this character. The inforraa- 
 tion is accurate and taken from medical journal 
 reports with no other desire or motive than to 
 give facts, all of which can be verified by reference 
 to the journals mentioned in the necessarily 
 limited bibliography following each article. Only 
 such writers and journals are mentioned as it 
 is believed will command the interest of the 
 reader, because of their international or national 
 reputation as careful and painstaking inves- 
 tigators. The impulse which might prompt 
 5 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 the vyriter {or commercial 'purposes to dilate upon 
 the virtues of the various remedies has been 
 conscientiously resisted, and only facts given — 
 facts which are repeatedly attested in the liter- 
 ature mentioned and which are representative. 
 The main object in view is to give the medical 
 man a correct idea of the views held regarding 
 these products by competent authorities of dif- 
 ferent nationalities; a clear and concise state- 
 ment without repetition. 
 
 We present this little volume in the hope that 
 it will give a convenient and reliable source of 
 information as to the remedies mentioned, thus 
 enabling the progressive and busy physician to 
 keep abreast of the advances made in newer 
 therapeutics. 
 
 Victor Koechl & Co. 
 
 January 1, 1903. 
 
THERAPEUTIC INDEX. 
 
 Analgesic : Antipyrin, Ferripyrin, Hypnal, Migrainin, 
 Pyramidon. 
 
 Anemia : Ferripyrin. 
 
 Anesthetic, Local : Anesthesin, Antipyrin, Novocain, 
 Orthoform, Orthoform Hydrochlorid. 
 
 Antidiabetic : Benzosol. 
 
 Antidiarrhetic : Dermatol, Gujasanol. 
 
 Antidiphtheritic : Diphtheria Antitoxin "Behring." 
 
 Antidyspneic : Oxaphor. 
 
 Antigonorrheic : Albargin, Alumnol, Argonin. 
 
 Antihydropic : Pyramidon Camphorate Acid. 
 
 Antilithic : Lysidin, Sidonal, Sidonal New. 
 
 Antineuralgic : Antipyrin, Migrainin, Pyramidon, I^- 
 amidon Salicylate, Valyl. 
 
 Antipodagric : Lysidin, Sidonal, Sidonal New. 
 
 Antipyretic: Antipyrin, Pyramidon, Pyramidon Cam- 
 phorate Acid, Pyramidon Camphorate Neutral. 
 
 Antirheumatic: Pyramidon Salicylate. 
 
 Antiseptic: Albargin, Almnnol, Argonin, Dennatol, 
 Gujasanol, Isoform, Tumenol. 
 
 Antispasmodic: Antipyrin, Tussol, Valyl. 
 Antitubercular: Bensosol, Gujasanol, Tuberculin Koch, 
 
 Tuberculin New Koch. 
 Astringent: Alumnol, Dermatol, Ferripyrin. 
 Cicatrizant: Dermatol, Isoform. 
 7 
 
THERAPEUTIC INDEX. 
 
 Deodorant: Gujasanol, Isoform. 
 
 Dietetic: Nutrose, Pegnin. 
 
 Exophthalmic Goiter: Rodagen. 
 
 For Agglutinating Liquid : Tubercle Bacilli. 
 
 For Cystitis or Vesical Catarrh: Benzosol, Gujasanol, 
 
 Isoform. 
 For Diagnosing Tuberculosis : Tuberculin Koch. 
 For Eczema: Tumenol, Tumenol-Ammonium. 
 Germicide: Argonin. 
 Gonocide: Albargin, Alumnol, Argonin. 
 Hematinic: Ferripyrin. 
 
 Hemostatic: Antipyrin, Dermatol, Ferripyrin. 
 Hypnotic: Hypnal, Pyramidon. 
 Intestinal Antiseptic: Benzosol, Isoform. 
 Local Anesthetic: Anesthesin, Antipyrin, Novocain, 
 
 Orthoform, Orthoform Hydrochlorid. 
 Nutrient: Nutrose. 
 Ocular Anesthetic : Holocain. 
 Pertussis: Antipyrin, Tussol. 
 
 Pruritus: Alumnol, Tumenol, Tumenol-Ammonium. 
 Reconstituent: Nutrose. 
 
 Styptic: Antipyrin, Dermatol, Ferripyrin, Orthoform. 
 Uric Acid Solvent : Lysidin, Sidonal, Sidonal New. 
 
MODERN 
 
 MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 ALBAHGIN. 
 
 {Gelatose-Silver.) 
 
 Like the albumins and albumoses the decom- 
 position products of gelatin possess the prop- 
 erty of forming compounds with silver, in 
 which the silver is disguised. Albargin con- 
 tains 15 per cent, of silver and is therefore 
 powerfully antiseptic and germicidal; occurs 
 as a voluminous light brown powder, quite 
 stable toward light, best, however, kept in 
 amber-colored bottles. The substance is 
 entirely soluble in hot or cold water (50 per 
 cent, being easily obtained), the solution 
 remaining permanent if not continuously ex- 
 posed to the direct rays of light. Aqueous 
 solutions are neutral, and when used as in- 
 jections or irrigations for gonorrhea, in from 
 Tir to ^ per cent, for irrigations, and J to 2 
 per cent., depending on degree of inflammation, 
 as injections, nonirritating. Solutions should 
 be used at a temperature of from 70 to 90° F. 
 
 Hydrogen sulfid gives with Albargin a dark 
 
 color, but does not form a precipitate, while 
 
 the transparency of the substance is not 
 
 affected by the addition of sodiimi carbonate 
 
 9 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 or soda-lye solutions. Diluted sodium chlorid 
 solutions or hydrochloric acid gives a faint 
 or strong opalescence, according as the solu- 
 tion is more or less concentrated, while a dilute 
 solution of mercuric chlorid is not affected by 
 the addition of Albargin. Cocain in solution, 
 when used in connection with Albargin, after 
 a short time gives a precipitate, and should, 
 therefore, not be used unless freshly made. 
 
 Albargin shows the following reaction with 
 albumen in solutions: On mixing 50 cc. of 
 albmnen solution (20 gm. fresh egg albiunen 
 in 1 litre of water) with 5 cc. of a 1 per cent. 
 Albargin solution, the liquid becomes opales- 
 cent and gradually decomposes, a precipitate 
 forming in half an hour. A solution of silver 
 nitrate of corresponding strength gives a 
 precipitate immediately. 
 
 Like other organic silver products, Albargin 
 is incompatible with ferric or ferrous salts, 
 solutions containing tannin, opium, resins, 
 essential oils, etc. It can, however, be used 
 with mercuric chlorid solutions 1 : 10,000, such 
 solution remaining permanent. 
 
 The Albargin molecule is said to be much 
 smaller than that of albuminous products 
 containing silver, and, therefore, the solutions 
 more easily and quickly penetrate the tissues 
 and destroy the microorganisms. In the treat- 
 ment of gonorrhea this quality is of the greatest 
 importance, as thus only can the gonococci 
 be destroyed. 
 
 Competent authorities appreciate this, and 
 instead of, as formerly, treating gonorrhea 
 with astringents, whose effect is to form 
 pockets or folds in the urethral mucous mem- 
 brane and thus give protection to the germs, 
 allowing them to multiply and emigrate, 
 10 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 antiseptic solutions are used first to destroy 
 them and later on, or after they have disap- 
 peared, as evidenced by microscopical examina- 
 tions of the discharge, an astringent is used 
 to close up the crypts and thus stop the dis- 
 charge. The relatively small percentage of 
 Albargin solution needed, to say nothing of a 
 less first cost of the product, makes the treat- 
 ment with it decidedly less expensive than 
 with other silver preparations, a matter of 
 importance to the physician as well as to the 
 patient. 
 
 Tutoes of 50 Tablets, 
 
 0.2 gm. each, per Tube, $0.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ALBARGIN. 
 
 Bornemann: Die Tfierapie der Gegenwart, March, 1901. 
 
 W. A. Hackett: Medical and Surgical Monitor, Sept., 1901. 
 
 M. A. Auerbach: Therapeutic Monthly, Sept., 1901. 
 
 D. M. Gibson: Clinical Reporter, Sept., 1901. 
 
 N. C. Shanahan: Journal of Dermatology and Geniio-XJrinary 
 
 Diseases, May, 1902. 
 Louis Gross: Pctciiic Medical Journal, June, 1902. 
 J. Frank Lydston: Medical Times, Aug., 1902. 
 Herman G. Klotz: The Medical News, ISIov. 29, 1902. 
 
 ALTJMNOL. 
 
 {^-Naphtol disulfonate of Aluminum.) 
 
 Alumnol occurs as a colorless powder readily 
 soluble in water and glycerin, but only slightly 
 soluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions are 
 incompatible with alkaline solutions, the hy- 
 drate of alumina being precipitated. It pre- 
 cipitates albuminous and gelatinous bodies, the 
 precipitate being soluble in an excess of al- 
 bumin or gelatin. Alumnol should not be 
 brought into contact with ammoniacal com- 
 pounds. It is astringent and antiseptic. 
 11 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Owing to the property which Alumnol has 
 of dissolving in pus, it has a more penetrating 
 action into the tissues than other agents, and 
 thus facihtates the disinfection of purulent 
 surfaces and cavities. It is a general favorite 
 in surgical, otiatric, gynecological, and derma/- 
 tological disturbances. Is recommended in 
 1 per cent, solution in gonorrhea; in 10 per 
 cent, as a caustic for abscesses; in 1 to 5 per 
 cent, solutions in leucorrhea, and in 5 to 20 
 per cent, mixture with talcum as a dusting 
 powder in the nursery. Favorable results are 
 reported in the treatment with Alumnol of 
 endometritis, otitis media, and in purulent 
 discharges from the eye; inhalations of a 1 
 per cent, solution in acute laryngeal affections, 
 and as a hemostatic in hemoptysis; in acne 
 rosacea, chronic inflammatory sj^hilitic and 
 parasitic skin affections and in nasal hemorrhage. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $0.66. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ALTTMNOL. 
 
 E. B. Smith: American Therapist, Nov., 1895. 
 
 Geo. Brown: Practical Medicine, June, 1895. 
 
 A. Stipanics: Pester Medidnische Chirurgiache Presse, No. 37, 
 
 p. 878. 
 W. L. Baum; From International Clinics. 
 K. Whitthauer: CentraVbl. f. Kinderheilk., 1897, ii, 397. 
 Martin Chotzen: Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, 1892, No. 48. 
 Heinz & Liebrecht: Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, 1892, No. 46. 
 Gottschalk: CentraWl. f. Gynekol., 1893, p. 167. 
 Gommaerts: La Presse MMicale, Oct. 14, 1894. 
 
 ANESTHBSIN. 
 
 (Para-amidobenzoic acid ethyl ester.) 
 
 As elsewhere mentioned, the employment 
 of orthoform has shown that individual cases 
 are occasionally met with in which the patient 
 12 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 exhibits an idiosyncrasy against the external 
 application of the drug, and investigations 
 carried out in respect to this idiosyncrasy 
 led to the discovery that it was attributable 
 to the phenol component; although this 
 objection was seldom raised, it was neverthe- 
 less desirable to obviate it entirely by a further 
 search for substances which, possessing equally 
 good anesthetic properties, would not contain 
 the phenol group. These desired properties 
 were found to be possessed by a substance 
 first prepared in 1890 by Ritsert and inves- 
 tigated from a pharmacological standpoint 
 by Kobert and Binz, namely ethyl-para- 
 amido-benzoate, to which the commercial 
 name Anesthesin was given. Clinically Anes- 
 thesin was tried by Prof. v. Noorden and 
 many others and found both efficient and non- 
 poisonous. 
 
 Chemical and Physical Properties: Anes- 
 thesin is a fine white crystalline powder melting 
 at 90 to 91° C. and easily pulverized; it is 
 almost insoluble in cold water, difficultly 
 soluble in hot water, easily soluble in ether, 
 alcohol, benzene, and fatty oils. It dissolves 
 in almond oil to the extent of 2 per cent., in 
 olive oil to 3 per cent., and these oleaginous 
 solutions may be sterilized without decomposi- 
 tion. By long continued boiling with water, 
 as well as on warming it with dilute solutions 
 of alkalies, Anesthesin is decomposed into 
 para-amido-benzoic acid and alcohol. 
 
 Pharmacological Characters: Investigations 
 made by experiments on animals have deter- 
 mined that there is absolutely no danger from 
 the employment of Anesthesin in therapeutical 
 doses. Clinical trials have led to the same 
 conclusion. As regards its physiological ac- 
 13 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tivity, Anesthesin is on a parallel with ortho- 
 form. It quickly renders sensitive nerves 
 with which it comes into contact insensible 
 to painful operations and subdues pain with 
 the same certainty as does orthoform. Experi- 
 ments and clinical observations have proved 
 that even the most delicate tissues tolerate 
 Anesthesin without the slightest symptom of 
 irritation. It can therefore be applied freely 
 to all kinds of fresh operation wounds, burns, 
 sluggish granulations and the like, without 
 producing any irritation or other unpleasant 
 effects. 
 
 Indications: Internally it answers in various 
 forms of gastralgia, particularly for ulcerated 
 stomach, hj^eresthesia of the stomach, nervous 
 dyspepsia, sickness of pregnancy. 
 
 In rhinological and laryngological practice, 
 in all kinds of catarrhs, particularly in whoop- 
 ing cough, tuberculous and syphilitic ulcera^ 
 tions of the throat it is usually administered 
 by means of insufflation, inhalation, or painting, 
 as well as in the form of lozenges and sweets 
 in place of angina pastilles. 
 
 In hyperdiuresis and urethritis as a result 
 of mechanical or infectious irritation, or even 
 of purely nervous origin, in the form of pencils, 
 pessaries, etc. 
 
 Externally Anesthesin is employed to render 
 insensible the surfaces of wounds before dressing 
 for hemorrhoids, and for all kinds of ulcers 
 and painful wounds such as burns, ulcer of 
 the leg, intertrigo, gangrenous patches, and in 
 pruritus, particularly in pruritus vulvse of 
 diabetics and the pruritus of jaundice; in 
 eczema either as pure powder or in the form of 
 dusting powder mixed with dermatol or as an 
 ointment with a lanolin base. 
 14 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Dosage: Internally 5 to 8 grain doses several 
 times daily (maximum 30 grains) almost 
 always suffice when taken before meals. Ex- 
 ternally Anesthesin can be dusted on surfaces 
 as desired, as it is well-nigh insoluble. 
 
 In the form of ointments or as a dusting 
 powder 5 to 20 per cent. Anesthesin is used. 
 Pessaries and pencils should contain 8 grains, 
 suppositories 3 grains. 
 
 FBESCRIFTIONS. 
 
 g Anesthesin Bitsert gr. iv. to viij. 
 . tal. dos. No. X. 
 One powder thrice daily before meals. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert gr. xlv. 
 
 Spiritus vini rect 5 iss. 
 
 Aq. dest fl- |ij. 
 
 For inhalation. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert, 
 
 Dermatol aa 5ij. 
 
 Dusting powder for wounds. 
 
 B Anesthesin Ritsert 3 v. 
 
 Menthol 3 uss. to v. 
 
 Ol. oliv fl. ! IV. 
 
 For inhalation. 
 
 B Anesthesin Ritsert 5 ss. 
 
 For dusting wounds. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert 3 iiss. 
 
 Lanolin Liebreich, 
 
 VaseUne SJ. 5 iss. 
 
 Anesthesin ointment. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert |ss. 
 
 Amylum 3 ivss. 
 
 Dusting powder. 
 
 B Anesthesin Ritsert, 
 
 Dermatol, 
 
 Creta Gallica aa |ss. 
 
 Anodyne powder for burns. 
 
 B Anesthesin Ritsert, 
 
 Dermatol aa |3S. 
 
 Amylum 5 '^• 
 
 Dusting powder. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert pulv. subt | ss. 
 
 Muoilag. Acacia , 5 >• 
 
 Anesthesin mucilage for pamtmg wounds. 
 
 B Anesthesin Ritsert 5 ss- (or 5 i) 
 
 Lanolin Liebreich S ivss. 
 
 Anesthesin Ointment (5 and 10 per cent.). 
 15 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 PRESCRIPTIONS— (Co?i«znwfid). 
 
 ^ Anestheain Ritsert gr. cl. 
 
 Adeps lanse anhyd 5 iiss. 
 
 Ol. olivar 5 ss. 
 
 Anesthesin ointment. 
 
 9 Anesthesin Ritsert gr. iij. 
 
 Ol. Theobroma gr. xxv. 
 
 D. tal. dos. No. V. 
 Suppositories for hemorrhoids. 
 
 9 Acid Arsenicos gr. Ix. 
 
 Anesthesia gr. xxx. 
 
 Ol. caryophyllus ill xv. 
 
 Creaaote q, s. 
 
 Paste for killing nerves of teeth (Kobert). 
 
 According to Professor Haug of Munich, 
 the following prescriptions are employed in 
 the treatment of diseases of the ear. 
 
 5 Anestheain gr. xxv. 
 
 01. olivar. opt *, . . , 5 ij. 
 
 "^ Anesthesin gr. Ix. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Glycerin aa 1 i. 
 
 '^ Anesthesin gr. cl. (or gr. Ixxv.) 
 
 Gelatin, alb gr. cl. 
 
 Glycerin 5 iij. 
 
 For ear pellets. 
 
 '^ Anesthesin gr. Ix. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Aq. dest aa 5 i. 
 
 1^ Phenol (or Acid. Salicylic.) gr. xv. 
 
 Anesthesin gr. xxx. 
 
 Alcohol, 
 
 Aq. dest an. 3 vi. 
 
 Glycerin 3 iij. 
 
 For eczema, etc. 
 
 1^ Thymol ^or Menthol or Napthol) gr. iss. 
 
 Anesthesin . . ( gr. xxx.-lx. 
 
 Alcohol 5 i. 
 
 Glycerin .....*.*.* 3 vi. 
 
 For eczema, etc. 
 
 5 Thymol gr igg 
 
 Disolve by slightly heating in 
 
 Glycerin 5 iss. 
 
 and add 
 
 Anesthesin gr. xv.-xxx. 
 
 Alconol abs y^ Ixxv 
 
 For earache drops, 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 
 
 per ounce, $1.35. 
 
 16 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANESTHESIN- 
 
 Von Noorden: On Para-amidobenzoic-acid-ester as a local 
 anesthetic. Berliner klin. Wochenschrift, 1902, No. 17. 
 
 Dunbar: Contribution to local Anesthesia by employment of 
 Para-ami dobeti zoic-acid-ester. Deutsche mediz. Wochen- 
 achrift, 1902, No. 21. 
 
 Lengemann: Ansesthesin for the Treatment of Wounds. Cen^ 
 tralblatt iUr Chirurgie, 1902, No. 22. 
 
 Kassel: The Emoloyment of Anaesthesin. Therapeutische 
 Monatshefte, July, 1902. 
 
 SchaeSer^tukert: Dr. E. Eitsert's Anaesthesin; its Employ- 
 ment in Dental Practice. Address to the Dentists' Congress 
 in Munich, August 5, 1902. 
 
 Hartmann: The employment of Anaesthesin in Surgical Practice. 
 Therapie der Gegenwart, Oct., 1902. 
 
 Spiesa: Anaesthesin, a new local Anesthetic, from the Thera- 
 
 Seutical Standpoint. Miinchener med. Wochensi^rift, 1902, 
 o. 39. 
 Geyer: Practical Experiences with Cocainol Preparations. 
 
 Reichs-Medizinal-Anzeiger, Nov., 1902, No. 23. 
 Scherer: A report on four cases treated with Anaesthesin. The 
 
 Medical and Surgical Monitor, No. 11, Nov., 1902. 
 Glas: The Anaesthesin Treatment; Address to the Vienna 
 
 Laryngological Society, Dec. 3, 1902. 
 Earp: A report of cases in which good results were partly or 
 
 wholly due to Anaesthesin. Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, Dec. 
 
 13, 1902. 
 Chevalier: Ansesthesin. Revue de Therapeutigue, No. 24, 
 
 Dec, 1902. 
 Kennel: Antesthesin (Dr. Ritsert), A Therapeutical Experiment. 
 
 Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, No. 52, Dec, 1902. 
 Pollatschek:. Contribution to the Treatment of Laryngeal 
 
 Tuberculosis. Magyar Orvosok Lapja, No. 1, Jan., 1903. 
 Henius: The Anaesthesin Treatment of Erysipelas. Therapie 
 
 der Gegenwart, Jan., 1903. 
 Maramaldi: Anaesthesin. Giornale internationale delle Scienze 
 
 Mediche, No. 2. Jan. 31, 1903. 
 Duhot: Anaesthesin: Its application in Urology and Dermo- 
 
 syphilography. Annates de la Policlinique Centrale de 
 
 Bruxelles, No. 2, Feb., 1903. 
 Courtade: Anaesthesin in Rhino-laryngology. Revue de Th&ra- 
 
 peutvgue, Mar. 1, 1903. 
 Duplan: Contribution to the Study of ^Anaesthesin. Dissertation, 
 
 Paris, March 25, 1903. 
 
 ANTIPYRIN. Knorr. 
 
 (Phenyldimethylpyrazolon.) 
 
 Antipyrin is a synthetic base from which 
 
 numerous salts are formed and is so well and 
 
 favorably known that but brief reference is 
 
 needed here. It occurs in colorless and odor- 
 
 2 17 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 less needlelike crystals, which are very soluble 
 in water and melt at 112° C. Antip3Tin should 
 not be used with spirits of nitrous ether, or 
 dilute sulfuric acid, with either of which it turns 
 green. Addition of ferric chlorid changes it 
 to red. It is incompatible with phenol, tannic 
 and dilute hydrocyanic acids, chloral, decoc- 
 tions, tinctures or extracts of cinchona, iron sul- 
 fate, ferric salts, Donovan's solution, calomel, 
 beta napthol, the nitrites, bicarbonates, and 
 salicylate of sodium, tincture of iodin, and all 
 tinctures or infusions containing tannin. 
 
 Antipyrin is the most important in the list 
 of antipyretics, analgesics, and hemostatics. 
 It reduces temperature by decreasing the 
 rate, but not the force of the pulse. Indeed, 
 there is scarcely a condition accompanied 
 with pain which Antipyrin will not relieve, 
 being especially serviceable in migraine, loco- 
 motor ataxia, rheumatism, and the various 
 forms of neuritis; in the first stage of labor, in 
 urticaria, nocturnal emissions, hysteria, and in 
 nocturnal incontinence of urine, chorea, whoop- 
 ing cough, tetanus, and in epilepsy. It has 
 the effect of controlling the secretions in diar- 
 rhea, diabetes mellitus and insipidus, as well 
 as to arrest the secretion of milk. 
 
 Antipyrin has many and various uses in 
 surgery. As a local anesthetic in solutions of 
 from 10 to 50 per cent., it is often more effi- 
 cacious than cocain, and without the unpleasant 
 and often dangerous disturbances which accom- 
 pany or follow the application of cocain. It 
 is a serviceable and efficient hemostatic, con- 
 trolling hemorrhage in from 5 to 15 per cent, 
 solutions when applied, without causing a 
 corrosive action. For this purpose it is es- 
 pecially serviceable in operations upon the 
 18 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 nose or throat, as well as in the ordinary 
 nose-bleed. The analgesic action is prominent 
 in such applications. 
 
 Solutions of Antipyrin being neutral, it is 
 applicable hypo dermic ally when there is deep- 
 seated pain, as in sciatica. Immediate relief 
 is afforded in tic douloureux and neuralgia 
 when it is thus used. 
 
 In conclusion Antipyrin may be relied upon 
 in surgery as a styptic, hemostatic, a local 
 anesthetic in the treatment of burns, hemor- 
 rhoids, and as a stimulant when applied to atonic 
 ulcers. In pneumonia, hectic, typhoid, diph- 
 theria to control temperature, in the acute 
 attacks of gout, nephritic colic, erysipelas, and 
 as a uterine sedative. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $0.40. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANTIPYRIN. 
 
 Hinkel: New York Medical Journal, Oct. 28, 1888. 
 C. B. Gleason: New York Medical Journal, Oct., 1892. 
 Roswell Park: The Medical News, Deo. 15, 1894. 
 A. Kronfeld: Wwner med. Wochenschrift, No. 48, 1894. 
 J. Collina: Medical Record, Sept. 22, 1894. 
 
 The above are but a few of the many hvindreds of references 
 to Antipyrin. 
 
 ARGONIN. 
 
 (Argentum Casein.) 
 
 Argonin is a silver proteid and occurs as a 
 fine white powder free from either an acid or 
 alkaline reaction. Insoluble in cold but rather 
 freely soluble in hot water, forming with 
 distilled water an opaque solution. It is not 
 precipitated by solutions of sodium chlorid 
 or albuminous fluids. Fifteen grains of Ar- 
 19 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 gonin contain as much silver as does one grain 
 of silver nitrate. It is an antiseptic, germicide, 
 and gonocide. 
 
 Argonin has been used principally in gonor- 
 rheal urethritis, ophthalmia, and as a prophy- 
 lactic to ophthalmia neonatorum. It is also 
 applicable to other conditions where a germi- 
 cidal effect is desired, particularly in eye, 
 nose, and throat affections. 
 
 In the treatment of gonorrhea two effects 
 are sought: First, the destruction of the 
 gonococci, and second, the reduction of inflam- 
 mation. To bring about the effect without 
 damage to the mucous membrane, silver 
 preparations are preeminent and in this class 
 of remedies Argonin deservedly holds the first 
 rank. Formerly gonorrhea was treated with 
 astringents, such as lead acetate, zinc sulfate, 
 bismuth subnitrate, and various mixtures 
 containing substances rich in tannin. Even 
 with our present knowledge of the cause of 
 the disease, writers are in evidence who be- 
 lieve that when the discharge is determined 
 the cure is complete, losing sight of the fact 
 that the only effect of the astringent injections 
 into the urethra is to close the crypts and folds 
 of the mucous membrane, thus protecting the 
 germs and allowing them to multiply and 
 emigrate into the deeper tissues where they are 
 difficult to reach. This same effect is brought 
 about by injections which coagulate the 
 albuminous tissue fluids. Obviously the first 
 requisite is to destroy the germs and then 
 apply astringents to close the crypts and stop 
 the discharge. Argonin destroys the gonococci 
 in from three to fourteen days, but should 
 then be followed by astringents to terminate 
 the discharge, as it has no astringent properties. 
 20 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Frequent microscopical examinations will 
 alone determine the absence of the offending 
 gonococci and not until then should the astrin- 
 gent injection be used. This second stage of 
 the treatment usually consumes but a few- 
 days. In posterior urethritis and in prostatitis 
 due to gonorrheal infection, irrigations should 
 be used of from 1 to 2 per cent, solutions. 
 
 Argonin injections may be made at any stage 
 of the disease. It is nonirritating, causing 
 very little pain when used, and then only in 
 the highly inflamed urethra, or when an ab- 
 normal irritability exists, as is occasionally 
 found. 
 
 Argonin should be used in from 2 to 10 per 
 cent, solutions in gonorrhea, the strength 
 being determined by the degree of existing 
 inflammation, beginning in highly inflamed 
 conditions with a 2 per cent, and increasing the 
 strength of solution as the inflammation sub- 
 sides. In chronic or subacute conditions 
 stronger solution may be used at once. The 
 usual precautions should be taken to inject 
 immediately following urination and the solu- 
 tion be retained in the urethra for from five 
 to ten minutes. 
 
 In gonorrheal ophthalmia solutions of 3 
 to 5 per cent, are to be instilled into the eye, 
 once or twice a day, everting the lids and 
 using an eyedropper. 
 
 In middle-ear suppuration a 2 to 5 per cent, 
 solution was very successfully used by Frank 
 Gray and Wm. R. Thompson (Texas Courier- 
 Record of Medicine, 1898). 
 
 A word as to the best method of making Argo- 
 nin solutions. Take the required amount of Ar- 
 gonin, mix thoroughly with a small quantity 
 of cold water, using a glass rod, or shaking in 
 21 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 a test-tube; heat this over a spirit lamp, being 
 careful not to bring to the boiling point, shak- 
 ing until perfect solution is obtained. Then 
 add distilled water sufficient to make the 
 desired percentage solution, strain through 
 muslin or cheese cloth, and keep in colored 
 bottles in a dark and cool place. 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 
 per oz., $1.00. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ABGONIN. 
 
 From a very voluminous bibliography we quote only the 
 following: 
 
 J. Jaddasohn; Archiv -fur Dermat und Syph., 1895. 
 George K. Swinburne: Journal of Cutaneous and Genito-Urinary 
 
 Diseases, Aug., 1906. 
 Arthiu- Gutheil: Deutsch. med. Wochenschrift, No. 35, 1896. 
 Frank Trester Smith: Journal American Medical Association, 
 
 Apr. 10, 1897. 
 W. M. Christian: Therapeutic Gazette, July, 1897. 
 Malcolm Storer: Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct. 27, 
 
 1897. 
 
 E. C. EUett: Memphis Medical Monthly, Nov., 1897. 
 J. Henry Dowd: American Therapist, Feb., 1898. 
 
 J. J. McGovern; Milwaukee Med, Journal, March, 1898. 
 Horace Bigelow: New York Medical Journal, Apr. 9, 1898. 
 
 F. C. Floeckinger: American Therapist, Sept., 1898. 
 
 Thos. G. Yoemans: Journal Cutaneous and Genito-Urinary 
 
 Diseases, Aug., 1899. 
 Nelson W. Wilson: Buffalo Medical Journal, Jan., 1901. 
 FoUen Cabot, Jr.: Philadelphia Med. Journal, Jan. 26, 1901. 
 Herman G. Klotz: New York and Philadelphia Med. Journal, 
 
 Dec. 5, 1903. 
 
 ATOXYL. 
 
 (Meta-arsenite of Anilid.) 
 
 Atoxyl is an almost nontoxic preparation 
 of arsenic, which at the same time possesses a 
 most pronounced therapeutic action by com- 
 bining this element with anilid in a fixed 
 organic compound. 
 
 The substance thus produced is meta-arsenite 
 of anilid. It is a white, crystalline, odorless 
 22 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 and tasteless substance which is readily soluble 
 in water, and which gives up its arsenic only 
 after very radical treatment, such for instance 
 as fusion with caustic potash. 
 
 Atoxyl has shown itself through physio- 
 logical experiments so free from toxic proper- 
 ties that from 40 to 50 times as much arsenic 
 may be assimilated in this form as when the 
 element is exhibited in Fowler's solution or 
 other of the ordinary arsenical preparations. 
 In contrast to the other combinations contain- 
 ing arsenic, inorganic or organic (cacodylates, 
 etc.), the use of Atoxyl is not attended with 
 unpleasant collateral phenomena — irritation, 
 abscess formation, etc. — and, above all, the 
 breath, sweat, dejections, etc., do not become 
 impregnated with the extremely disagreeable 
 odor of cacodyle. 
 
 Clinical and therapeutic results are in agree- 
 ment with those obtained in laboratory experi- 
 ment. The hypodermic injection of Atoxyl, 
 even in large doses, is not followed by any 
 burdensome collateral phenomena, whether 
 of local or general character; and in conse- 
 quence those affections which are shown by 
 experience to be influenced by arsenic (diseases 
 of the skin, blood, and nerves) respond most 
 favorably to the exhibition of Atoxyl. 
 
 In conditions of debility and cachexia such 
 as accompany carcinoma and like affections, 
 Atoxyl has proved of great value. 
 
 The dose of atoxyl (hypodermic) is 0.02 to 
 0.04 grm. (J to § gr.) every other day. 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 
 per oz., $4.00. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ATOXYL. 
 
 F. Blumenthal: Die medicin. Wochenschrift, Apr. 14, 1902. 
 Walter Schild: Berlin klin. Wochemchrift, May 5, 1902. 
 23 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Walter Schild: Dermatologische Zeitackrift, Bd. x, Heft 1. 
 
 F. Mendel: Therapeutiache Monatahefte, Apr., 1903. 
 
 Josef Gxxszmann; Med. Wochenscnrift " Orvosi HetUap," 
 
 July 19, 1903. 
 Fritz Biringer: Therapeutische Monatshefte, Aug., 1903. 
 M. von Zeissl: Wiener Medizinische Wochenscnrift, Nov. 17, 
 
 1903. 
 J. Moller: Berliner klin. therap. Wochenschrift, 1904, No. 9 
 
 pp. 33, 34. 
 Benno Muller: Medico, Mar. 31, 1905. 
 
 BENZOSOL. 
 
 (Guaiacol Benzoate.) 
 
 Benzosol is a compound of guaiacol in which 
 a hydrogen atom of its hydroxyl is replaced 
 by benzoyl. It is a colorless, crystalline pow- 
 der, wdth but a slight and not unpleasant 
 odor and taste. Melts at 59° C. Is insoluble 
 in water, but readily soluble in hot alcohol, 
 ether, or chloroform. 
 
 A solution of Benzosol in sulfuric acid pro- 
 duces a permanent yellow color. The addition 
 of first sulfuric acid (cone.) to Benzosol and then 
 to alcohol and acetone solution, results in a 
 characteristic brilliant cherry red color. This 
 serves as a mark of distinction from salol, 
 which, under similar conditions, gives a yellow 
 coloration. A mixture of Benzosol and sul- 
 furic acid gives a violet, green, and blue colora^ 
 tion upon the addition of ferric chlorid. This 
 is changed to an orange and green by the 
 subsequent addition of nitric acid; to green, 
 violet, and yellow when potassium nitrate is 
 added; to a pure green upon the addition of 
 an alcohol in solution of amyl nitrite. A 
 sulfuric acid mixture of Benzosol gives a red 
 coloration upon the addition of cane or grape 
 sugar. 
 
 24 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Benzosol contains 54 per cent, of guaiacol, 
 and is recommended as an intestinal antiseptic, 
 antitubercular and antidiabetic remedy, in 
 doses of 0.25 to 0.5 gm. (4 to 7^ grs.). 
 
 The therapeutic value of Benzosol depends 
 upon the combined action of guaiacol and 
 benzoic acid, the decomposition taking place 
 partly in the stomach, but chiefly in the small 
 intestines, as a result of the action of the alka- 
 line secretions, and is excreted in the urine. 
 
 Whenever creasote or guaiacol are indicated, 
 Benzosol will be found preferable, containing 
 as it does all the virtues of either, without 
 their destructive action upon the stomach. 
 It may be given in conjunction with cod-liver 
 oil or hypophosphites, but the consensus of 
 opinion among those who have used it most is 
 that there is greater and more speedy im- 
 provement when Benzosol is used alone. 
 
 Benzosol is an ideal intestinal antiseptic 
 and antifermentative, and will be found of 
 great service in those disturbances arising 
 from autointoxication. It is also useful in 
 typhoids, diarrhea due to intestinal fermen- 
 tation, in diabetes mellitus, lessening the 
 quantity of sugar, and therefore the specific 
 gravity of the urine, as well as the quantity 
 of the urine excreted. In cystitis its action 
 is most marked, the urine being rendered 
 neutral, and the antiseptic effect upon the 
 bladder walls being pronounced. Finally, 
 through its effect upon metabolism, Benzosol 
 is serviceable in diseases resulting from an 
 interference with that function, such as gout, 
 rheumatism, and the train of disturbances 
 which accompany a uric acid diathesis. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $1.45,, 
 25 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BENZOSOL. 
 
 Nencki and Heyden: Berichte, 21 R., p. 554, 1887. 
 
 Walzer: Centralbl. f. klin. Med., p. 785, 1893. 
 
 Goldman: Pharm. Ztg., 37, p. 144, 1892. 
 
 V. Jaksch: Prag. med. Wochenschr., No. 6, 1893. 
 
 Fischer: Die neueren ArzneimiUelt 6th ed., p. 147, 1894. 
 
 J. L. Salinger: Phila. Med. Journal, 1899. 
 
 John North: T)ie American Med. Compend, Nov., 1899. 
 
 S. E. Earp: Medical World, 1896. 
 
 J. Blake White: American Medico-Surgical Bulletin, Dec, 
 
 1895. 
 Geo. F. Butler: American Therapist, Feb., 1897. 
 Mark W. Peyser: Virginia Medical Semi-Monthly, May, 1898. 
 
 DERMATOL. 
 
 (Basic Subgallate of Bismuth.) 
 
 Dermatol is chemically pure bismuth sub- 
 gallate, and is devoid of the irritating properties 
 of the commercial product marketed as bismuth 
 subgallate, which contains impurities rendering 
 it unfit for many applications, while Dermatol 
 can be used upon open wounds, internally, and 
 dusted into the eye without causing the least 
 irritation, in fact rather exercising a decidedly 
 sedative effect when so used. 
 
 It is an odorless, tasteless yellow powder 
 which is insoluble in water and ordinary sol- 
 vents, but acted upon by the secretions. It is 
 applicable externally whenever iodoform is 
 indicated, as well as internally as an anti- 
 fermentative and astringent. 
 
 It is especially serviceable applied to burns, 
 ulcers, and moist eczema, in conjunctivitis of 
 whatever nature, corneal ulcers, and as a dust- 
 ing powder, pure, or mixed with powdered 
 starch or French chalk to wounds and irrita- 
 tions of the skin of infants. It is also useful 
 in dental surgery as a hemostatic. It decreases 
 the secretion, arrests hemorrhage, promotes 
 26 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 healthy granulations by protecting the surface 
 with an artificial scab. In gynecology and in 
 rhinology when there is an undue amount of 
 secretion, as well as following operations to 
 arrest hemorrhage, and the application of the 
 galvanocautery, Dermatol will prove eminently 
 satisfactory. Internally it is without an equal 
 in the treatment of diarrhea, dysenteries, 
 intestinal fermentation, and gastric ulcers. 
 Its use precludes the untoward effects following 
 the use of iodoform, besides the greater com- 
 fort of both physician and patient because of 
 the absence of the disgusting tell-tale odor of 
 iodoform. 
 
 Being nontoxic and nonirritating, it can be 
 applied without stint or given internally 
 without harm, such as follows the too powerful 
 astringent effect of tannin and its congeners. 
 The dose of Dermatol is from 0.25 to 1.5 gm. 
 (4 to 22 grs.) frequently during the day. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $0.25. 
 
 BIBLIOGKAPHT ON SERHATOX.. 
 
 O. Wiener: Therap. Monatahefte, No. 1, 1895. 
 
 Romeo Roselli: Deutsch. med. Wochenschrift, No. 11, 1895. 
 
 M, A. Auerbach: American Therapist, Mar., 1902. 
 
 L. Duncan Bulkley: Journal American Medical Association, 
 
 1896. 
 Powers; New York Medical Journal, 1891. 
 Vaughan: New York Medical Jourrud, April 30, 1892. 
 Stone; Massachusetts Medical Society, Jime 7, 1892. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN. 
 
 The voluminous literature on the treatment of 
 diphtheria with its antitoxin, leaves nothing 
 new to be said in its favor. The reduction of 
 27 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 mortality by not less than 50 per cent., or to 
 even one-fourth of the previous death-rate, 
 is conceded by the most careful observers. 
 Statistics drawn from more than one hundred 
 thousand cases, collected from different coun- 
 tries and in different years, are so convincing 
 that no sane practitioner can doubt its efficacy, 
 or dare to oppose its usefulness when employed 
 early in the disease. 
 
 Behring's Diphtheria Antitoxin is the orig- 
 inal product. Its use has never been followed 
 by disastrous or untoward results. 
 
 It has been repeatedly demonstrated that 
 200 to 300 units of Diphtheria Antitoxin "Behr- 
 ing" provides immunity against the disease 
 for from three to four weeks. These inamuniz- 
 ing doses have practically entirely stamped 
 out diphtheria from the infant asylums, where 
 the mortality was formerly so great. 
 
 As a curative agent the Antitoxin should be 
 administered at the earliest possible moment. 
 As no harm follows its application it were best 
 to inject from 1,500 to 3,000 units in ordinary 
 cases. This may be increased to 4,000 to 5,000 
 units in very severe cases. Children under 
 one year, one-third less than older children, 
 at once when the disease is probable rather 
 than to wait for a bacterial confirmation of 
 the diagnosis. 
 
 When administered the first day the mor- 
 tality is said by competent observers to be 
 practically nil, but that it increases as the 
 treatment is delayed from day to day. If the 
 injection is not made until the second day, the 
 mortality increases to 6 per cent., and further 
 increases from day to day to the frightful mor- 
 tality of 50 per cent, where the injection is not 
 made until the fourth day. Finally, one large 
 28 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 initial dose is productive of greater good than 
 repeated smaller doses. 
 
 Vials, No. I, 600 units, per vial, $0.65. 
 Vials, No. II, 1,000 units, per vial, 1.10. 
 Vials, No. Ill, 1,500 units, per vial, 1.60. 
 
 For Bibliography on Diphtheria Antitoxin, 
 see the Medical Press for the last eight years. 
 
 FERRIPYRIN. 
 
 {Ferric-Chlorid Antipyrin.) 
 
 FerripjTin is a molecular compound of ferric 
 chlorid and antipyrin. It is a fine orange red 
 powder, soluble in five parts of water at 15° C, 
 and in nine parts at 100° C; very soluble in 
 alcohol, but insoluble in ether. Is incompatible 
 with alkalies or alkaline bicarbonates, ferric 
 hydrate being precipitated from the aqueous 
 solution by the addition of these substances. 
 It is styptic and analgesic, without the corro- 
 sive action — ^when applied in solution or powder 
 — of ferric chlorid or other ferric salts; anes- 
 thetic through its antipyrin constituent, as 
 well as hematinic when given in doses of 0.05 
 gm. (1 gr.) internally. 
 
 Ferripyrin exhibits no corrosive action like 
 the ferric chlorfd or the persalts of iron, even 
 when it is allowed to remain in contact with 
 the tissues for a long time. The mucous 
 membrane or other tissue is temporarily colored 
 a pale yellow, but this quickly disappears. 
 It is a powerful astringent with a decided 
 anesthetic action and can be used to control 
 hemorrhage, either in a solution of 10 per cent. 
 29 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 in water, or applied direct to the bleeding sur- 
 face by insufflation, on tampons of absorbent 
 cotton, and by means of a syringe in uterine 
 hemorrhages from abortion, endometritis, pro- 
 fuse menstruation, fibromyoma and carcinoma 
 of the cervix. Its use does not form a dis- 
 agreeable black and tenacious clot or coagulum 
 as does ferric chlorid. 
 
 Ferripyrin is an admirable hematinic given 
 in anemia, 1 grain in solution three times a day. 
 It is also used internally in chronic diarrhea, 
 two to eight grains pro dosi, with simple 
 elixir. 
 
 Finally, Ferripyrin is a reliable styptic in den- 
 tal surgery. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $1.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON FEBHIPYRIN. 
 
 O. Schaeffer: M-uench. med. Wochenschrift, 1895, No. 63. 
 
 Hedderich: Muench. tried, Wochenechrifi, 1895, No. 1. 
 
 Juarez; Zeitschrift d. allgemein. CEsterreich. A-potheker-Vereins. 
 
 1895, No. 9. 
 Seymour Oppenheimer: New York Med. Journal, Dec. 4-11, 
 
 1897. 
 Norval H. Pierce; Journal of the American Med. Assodaiion, 
 Braila: Medical Press, Sept. 9, 1900. 
 
 GUJASANOL. 
 
 {Diethylglycocoll-Chmiacol.) 
 
 Gujasanol is chemically the hydrochlorid of 
 diethylglycocoll-guaiacol. It crystallizes in 
 white prisms, has a melting point of 148° C, 
 with a faint odor of guaiacol; is easily soluble 
 in water, aqueous solution being neutral. 
 The addition of alkaline carbonates to aqueous 
 solutions of Gujasanol liberates the basic 
 30 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 diethylglycocoll-guaiacol, which has the ap- 
 pearance of oil. 
 
 Pharmacological experiments show this prep- 
 aration to be powerfully antiseptic, deodorant 
 and anesthetic, nonpoisonous even in large 
 doses, subcutaneous injections of 45 grains in 
 rabbits not being followed by toxic symptoms. 
 
 The indications for use of Gujasanol are such 
 as for creasote or guaiacol. It is well borne in 
 phthisis, being followed by improvement in 
 appetite. In tubercular ulcerations of the 
 throat it can be used locally, by mouth or sub- 
 cutaneously. It is also useful as an intestinal 
 disinfectant in diarrhea, tubercular diarrhea 
 being controlled usually after the administration 
 of 45 grains. In purulent cystitis and as a 
 disinfectant in bladder troubles by irrigations 
 i to 3 parts to 1000 or administered by mouth 
 in doses of 120 grains pro die; has a favorable 
 effect on septic diseases as an antiseptic; is a 
 deodorant in ozena in tampons saturated in 
 a 10 per cent, solution every half hour. In 
 ulcerations of the bones, erupted sarcoma, 
 purulent carcinoma, etc., in two per cent, 
 solutions in compresses; in malodorous stoma- 
 titis as irrigations ^ to 2 per cent., or 5 per cent, 
 solutions for painting; in ophthalmology, for all 
 superficial wounds of the eye in 1 per cent, 
 solutions, there being when thus used quite a 
 perceptible anesthetic effect. Finally it is used 
 in chronic inflammatory conditions of the con- 
 nective tissue where an astringent or corrosive 
 agent is not tolerated, in 1 per cent, solutions. 
 
 Dose of Gujasanol internally from 45 to 180 
 grains per day, or subcutaneously 45 to 60 
 grains in concentrated aqueous solutions. 
 
 25 Grm. Bottles, 
 per bottle, $1.25, 
 31 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON GUJASANOL. 
 
 Einhorn: Mttnchener med. W ochenachrift, No. 1, 1900. 
 Schaeffer: MUnchener med. Wochenachrift, No. 31, 1903. 
 
 HOLOCAIN. 
 
 {P-dieth-oxy-ethenyl-diphenyl-amidin-hydro- 
 chlorid.) 
 
 (Ocular Anesthetic.) 
 
 All of the anilin antipyretics have a more or 
 less local anesthetic action. This becomes in 
 the case of the phenetidin group much stronger 
 through combinations with a second base. 
 
 Holocain occurs as a white crystalline powder, 
 difficultly soluble in cold, but readily so in 
 boiling water. If more than 2 per cent., 
 however, be dissolved, the remainder will 
 recrystallize upon cooling. One to 2 per cent, 
 solutions remain unchanged for indefinite 
 periods if solutions are made and kept as below. 
 
 Alkalies and alkaloidal reagents produce 
 precipitation when brought into contact with 
 Holocain in solution even in infinitesimal 
 quantities. It is, therefore, necessary that 
 great care be taken that solutions be made in 
 porcelain capsules and kept in porcelain con- 
 tainers, or in bottles which have been previously 
 boiled in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, and 
 thoroughly rinsed in distilled water. Only 
 distilled water should be used in making the 
 solutions. Even the small quantity of alkali 
 in glass vials will render a solution of Holocain 
 turbid. This, however, can be filtered out 
 without destroying the anesthetic properties 
 of the solution. 
 
 32 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Holocain hydrochlorid (the only preparation 
 used and designated simply Holocain) melts at 
 189° C. Aqueous solutions have a neutral 
 reaction with a slightly bitter taste. It is 
 distinguished from cocain hydrochlorid by its 
 comparative insolubility in water, and the 
 readiness with which it reduces potassium 
 permanganate solutions. Cocain will not re- 
 duce potassium permanganate solutions if free 
 from its amorphous side alkaloids. Boiling with 
 hydrochloric acid produces no effect upon Holo- 
 cain. If, however, phenacetin be present as an 
 adulterant, a ruby red color will be obtained 
 upon the addition of chromic acid solution, 
 due to the splitting off of the p-phenetidin. 
 
 Holocain is powerfully antiseptic and germi- 
 cidal, a 1 per cent, solution not alone inhibiting 
 the growth, but quickly destroying the most 
 resistant microorganisms as well as preventing 
 putrefaction and fermentation. 
 
 Anesthesia from Holocain according to Heinz 
 and Schlosser (Klinische Monatshldtter fur 
 Augenheilkunde, April, 1897) is brought about 
 by paralysis of the sensory nerve endings, 
 further action than anesthesia not being pro- 
 duced. There is no influence upon the width 
 of the pupil, the mechanism of accommodation, 
 corneal epithelium, or constriction of the vessels. 
 One or two drops of a 1 per cent, solution 
 instilled into the eye will produce complete 
 anesthesia in from forty to fifty seconds. If, 
 after forty seconds have elapsed, one or two 
 drops more of the same solution are instilled 
 into the eye, another interval of thirty seconds 
 will find the cornea completely analgesic, 
 lasting at least for ten minutes. Operations 
 involving the opening of the capsule for iri- 
 dectomy, cauterization of corneal ulcers, the 
 3 33 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 removal of foreign substances, etc., are entirely 
 painless. 
 
 Holocain should never be given internally or 
 used hypodermically, as when so used it is highly 
 poisonous. 
 
 1 and 5 Grm. Vials, 
 per grm., $0.40. 
 
 BIBLIOOBAPHY ON HOLOCAIN. 
 
 Hirsohberg: Centralbl. f. pract. Au^enheilkunde, 1897, 30. 
 
 Gutmann: Deutsche m^d. Woch^nschr., 1897, 165. 
 
 Dene£Fe: AcadeTnie Royale de M^dedne de Belgique, proces- 
 verbal de la aiamx du 27 Mara, 1897, 35, No. 2. 
 
 Heinz and Schlosser: Klin. Monatsblaetter f. Augenheilkunde, 
 Apr., 1897. 
 
 Hirschfeld: Klin. Monaisbl. f. Augenheilkunde, May, 1897, 154. 
 
 Wuerdemann and Black: O-phfhalmic Record, Oct., 1897, Jan., 
 1898. 
 
 Busseinius: Charite-Annalen, 1897. 
 
 Lagrange and Cosse: Recueil d'Ophthal., Nov., 1897. 
 
 Einshelwood: British Med. Journal, Sept. 3, 1898. 
 
 Kandolph: Journal American Med. Association, Sept. 24, 1898. 
 
 Ellett: Philadelphia Med. Journal, Nov.. 26, 1898. 
 
 Hasket Derby: Archiv. of Ophthalmology, Jan., 1899. 
 
 J. Guttmann: New York Med. Monatssdirift, Mar., 1899. 
 
 Herman Knapp: Arch, of Ophthal., vol. xviii., p. 315, 1899. 
 
 Edward Jackson: Colorado Medical Journal, Dec, 1899. 
 
 Louis C. Deane: Pacific Medical Journal, June, 1900. 
 
 Casey A. Wood: Annals Ophth., Oct., 1897. 
 
 C. F. Holtz: Journal Amer. Med. Assoc, Nov. 13, 1897. 
 
 J. Homer Coulter: Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryn- 
 gology, Feb., 1901. 
 
 G. E. De Schweinitz: Therapeutic Gazette, June 25, 1902. 
 
 A. W. Calhoun: Ophthalmic Record, Jan., 1902. 
 
 Wm. F. Norris: Ophthalmic Record, June, 1899. 
 
 HYPNAL-HOECHST. 
 
 {Chloralhydrate-Antipyrin.) 
 
 This combination of chloralhydrate and anti- 
 pyrin was first prepared by Bardet and intro- 
 duced into therapy under the name Hypnal as 
 a hypnotic. The investigations carried out by 
 Filehne and Herz with this new remedy re- 
 34 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 vealed the facts that the action of chloralhy- 
 rate upon antipyrin yields various products, 
 some of which are active and some inactive; 
 these two classes exhibit a different chemical 
 constitution. The Hypnal of the shops, as 
 used originally by Filehne and Herz, fuses at 
 194° C, gives no reaction with antipyrin, and 
 physiologically is quite inert. 
 
 Hypnai-Hoechst, the only product offered in 
 the United States, on the contrary, which con- 
 tains 2 more atoms of hydrogen and 1 more of 
 oxygen than the trade product, exerts its phys- 
 iological action promptly and merits the name 
 "Hypnal." 
 
 Preparation : H3T5nal-Hoechst is prepared 
 by allowing chloralhydrate to act upon anti- 
 pyrin. 
 
 Chemico-physical properties : Hypnal-Hoeehst 
 presents pure white crystals which fuse at 
 66° to 67° C. These dissolve readily in hot 
 water, and more slowly in cold water (1 : 10). 
 Aqueous solutions of Hypnal-Hoechst give 
 with ferric chlorid or sodium nitrate the well- 
 known antipyrin reaction. 
 
 Pharmacology : The hjrpnotic, quieting ac- 
 tion of Hypnal-Hoechst does not depend alone 
 upon its chloralhydrate content (45% as against 
 55% antipyrin) ; for the doses given to animals 
 are not essentially stronger than the ordinary 
 doses of chloral, although containing double 
 the quantity of the latter. For rabbits the 
 active dose of chloralhydrate is 0.75 gm.; 
 while 1.65 gm. of Hypnal-Hoechst (containing 
 0.75 gm. chloralhydrate) causes a different pic- 
 ture; the prostration is more insignificant, etc. 
 When both substances afe given in larger doses, 
 for example, 1.0 gm. chloralhydrate and 2.2 gm. 
 Hypnal-Hoechst (which also contains 1.0 gm. 
 35 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 chloralhydrate) the chloralized animal is deeply 
 stupefied, while the hypnalized animal can be 
 roused by sensory irritants. 
 
 In animal experiments, especially in rabbits, 
 small doses of chloralhydrate show injury to 
 vasomotion and the heart-beats. Yet moder- 
 ate doses of Hypnal-Hoechst do not produce 
 these effects. Only when Hypnal is given in 
 large quantities does the chloral produce its 
 natural effects, and then in a lesser degree than 
 the proportion of chloral demands. 
 
 Indications : Hypnal-Hoechst may be rec- 
 ommended as a mild and usually efficacious 
 hypnotic, indicated in mild degrees of cerebral 
 excitement, in commencing delirium tremens, 
 in chorea minor, essential insomnia, and that 
 caused by pain. 
 
 Dosage : Hypnal-Hoechst has so little taste 
 that it may be given in simple aqueous solution. 
 If necessary, syrup of orange peel, or an aro- 
 matic tincture may be added. For adults 
 the required dose is 1.0 to 1.5 to 2.0 or even 
 3.0 gm. The hjrpnotic action sets in in from 
 10 to 30 minutes. 
 
 Formulce : 
 
 9 Hypnal-Hoechst 10.0 
 
 Solve in aqua destil 100.0 
 
 S. Tablespoonful evenings (equal to 15 c.cm. solution and 
 1.5 gm. Hypnal). If necessary half a spoonful half an hour 
 later. 
 
 9 Hypnal-Hoechst 10.0 
 
 Syrup aurant. cort 20.0 
 
 Aqua destil 80.0 
 
 M. S. Give as above. 
 
 5 Hypnal-Hoechst 1.0 
 
 Ft. pulv. tal. dos. No. x. 
 
 S. One or two powders every evening. 
 
 1 oz. bottles, 
 per oz., $1.75. 
 
 36 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON HTPNAL-HOECHST. 
 
 Bardet: MitOieil.and. SocieiSTherapeuiique, Paris, Mar, 1890. 
 
 Frankel: I-naug. Dissert., Paris, 1890. 
 
 Dujardin-Beauinetz: Les nouveaux Remides, Mar. 8 1891 
 
 Herz: Inaitg. Dissert, Breslau, 1892. 
 
 Filehne; Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, 1893, No. 5. 
 
 ISOFOEM. 
 
 (Para-iodo-anisol.) 
 
 Following the trend of modern surgery, 
 which has of late again turned from asepsis to 
 antisepsis, the demand has been created for an 
 energetic antiseptic which shall, however, be 
 noninjurious to the whole system. The in- 
 vestigation of a large series of compounds of 
 various kinds by Bernard Heile, of the Surgical 
 University Clinic and the Clinical Division of 
 the Physiological Institute of Breslau, showed 
 that this preparation is remarkably suitable 
 for employment in surgical practice. 
 
 Para-iodo-anisol, which for brevity has been 
 termed Isoform, is a colorless powder having a 
 slight anise-like odor. It is difficultly soluble 
 in water, practically insoluble in alcohol, ether, 
 etc., and may be heated in the dry state to 
 about 200° C. without decomposition. Ac- 
 cording to all experiences to date it is nontoxic 
 when used externally as well as when given in- 
 ternally in doses up to as much as 8 to 30 grains 
 daily. 
 
 A large number of substitutes for iodoform 
 have been introduced, based upon the assump- 
 tion that it gives off active iodin in the body 
 and while not without merit — ^many of them — 
 it has been shown by Heile that iodoform 
 owes both its bactericidal and toxic action to 
 the formation of di-iodo-acetylides during the 
 37 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 decomposition of the iodoform in the body, 
 exclusion of air being necessary. 
 
 While iodoform possesses the power of arrest- 
 ing the development of pathogenic germs and 
 of neutralizing their toxins, it is not a true 
 bactericide; besides it has the disadvantage of 
 causing decided toxic action, when long con- 
 tinued or large quantities are used. 
 
 Corrosive sublimate, phenol (carbolic acid), 
 formaldehyde, and alcohol destroy bacteria in 
 vitro (in the test tube), but in wound secretions 
 which contain albumin this action is more or 
 less inoperative, because the bactericidal action 
 is neutralized by the albumin. 
 
 Tested, mixed with fresh warm pus contain- 
 ing staphylo- and streptococci and bacillus 
 pyocyaneus, it was found that a 10 per cent, 
 strength of Isoform arrested the growth of all 
 bacteria. In less concentrations this action 
 was somewhat restricted. These and other 
 experiments clearly showed that Isoform is a 
 stronger antiseptic than any heretofore in use 
 and further that it is nontoxic. Heile took 
 it internally for several days in daily doses of 
 2 to 3 grams, without any other result than 
 loss of appetite. 
 
 Isoform is essentially an oxidizing agent, 
 owing its bactericidal action to the giving off 
 of free oxygen. In contradistinction to iodo- 
 form it acts not only in a medium free from 
 oxygen, but in conjunction with free access of 
 air. The fact that Isoform is devoid of the 
 objectionable and tell-tale odor of iodoform, 
 that it is a true antiseptic, germicide and de- 
 odorant, will appeal to the general practitioner 
 as well as to the surgeon for the treatment of 
 all wounds, abscesses, ulcers, carcinomas, epi- 
 theliomas, etc. 
 
 38 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Isoform is offered as follows: 
 
 Isoform Powder: Isoform pur., Calc. phosph., 
 equal parts.) Is a powerful antiseptic, not 
 merely a dusting powder for wounds like 
 dermatol, etc. Upon wounds with very little 
 or no secretion it produces a scab by super- 
 ficial corrosion. On further treatment with 
 Isoform powder the scab is thrown off naturally 
 by the clean granulations developed underneath. 
 Badly infected ichorous wounds are cleansed by 
 the influence of Isoform powder. 
 
 Isoform powder is an excellent deodorant. 
 It is absolutely nonirritant to the unbroken 
 skin and causes no eczema. 
 
 Isoform Paste: (Isoform pur., Glycerin, 
 equal parts.) Serves for reliable sterilization 
 of the hands. After the hands have been 
 disinfected in the usual way, 15 to 20 grains of 
 Isoform paste are thoroughly rubbed into the 
 skin and around the nails, into small cracks, 
 etc., as well as into the skin of the part to be 
 operated on, especially in cases where in con- 
 sequence of pathological changes sterilization 
 according to the usual methods is not possible. 
 
 Isoform powder and Isoform paste may be 
 used for the preparation of ointments, emul- 
 sions, suspension in glycerin, pessaries, etc., 
 2 per cent. Isoform powder with vaselin or 
 lanolin, or 2 per cent, emulsions for the treat- 
 ment of affections of the bladder (cystitis). 
 
 Isoform Gauze: Serves for tamponing open 
 wounds, 1 per cent. Isoform gauze being 
 employed for the after-treatment of so-called 
 aseptic and but slightly infected wounds and 
 for intraabdominal treatment. 
 
 Three per cent. Isoform gauze for the treatment 
 of badly infected and profusely secreting 
 wounds. In the case of very profuse secretions 
 39 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 it is recommended to assist the action of the 
 Isoform gauze by dusting Isoform powder upon 
 the surface. 
 
 For the impregnation of gauze Isoform paste 
 is used (Isoform pur., glycerin, equal parts). 
 
 25 Grm. Bottles, 
 per bottle, $0.85. 
 
 BIBLIOGBAPHY ON ISOFORM. 
 
 Bem&rd Heile: Volkmann's Sammlu-ng Klinischer Vorirage^ 
 
 Surgical Section, No. 107. 
 F. Rohmann: Allg. Med. Central Zeitung, 1904, No. 51. 
 Hugo Meier: Allg. Med. Central Zeitung, 1905, No. 27. 
 Galli-Valerio; Therapeutische Monatgheft, May, 1905. 
 Hahn: Deutsche Zahndrztliche WochenschrifL viii, No. 36. 
 
 A. Ho£Fman: Miith. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir., 1906, Vol. xv. 
 I. Winterberg: Mediz. Klinik, 1906, No. 8. 
 
 Weik: Ibid., 1905, No. 19. 
 
 F. Necker: Deutsche med. Wochemchrift, 1905, No. 38. 
 
 B. Heine: Zeiiechr. f. Ohrenheilk,, Bd. 51. 
 
 C. Remier: Allg. med. Centralz., 1906, No. 8. 
 
 LANOLIN "LIEBREICH." 
 
 {Adeps Lance.) 
 
 Under the name of Adeps Lanae, wool fat 
 was made officinal in the United States Pharma- 
 copeia in 1890. It is also officinal in the 
 German and British Pharmacopeias. In all 
 it is the hydrous product which is recognized. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopeia declares 
 that it should consist of not more than 30 per 
 cent, of water added to Anhydrous Lanolin or 
 wool fat. This is accomplished by placing the 
 Lanolin in a warm mortar and gradually 'adding 
 the distilled water with constant stirring. 
 
 The chemistry of Lanolin is so well known 
 that it would be out of place to give any part 
 of it here, or to attempt a history of its medici- 
 40 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 nal application. SuflBce it to say that wool 
 fat has been used for centuries, but not until 
 Prof. Liebreich devised a process for its puri- 
 fication was it used to any great extent, becaxise 
 of its unpleasant odor and irritating qualities. 
 The principal reasons why it has become so 
 popular as a base for all ointments are: 
 
 (1) Its stability or resistance to the agents 
 which produce rancidity. 
 
 (2) Its property of taking up large quan- 
 tities of water without losing its consistency. 
 
 (3) Its property of absorption by the skin 
 carrying with it all soluble salts and such 
 remedies as are given for their systemic effects. 
 
 (4) Its resistance to microorganisms. 
 When used as a base for the application of 
 
 potassium iodid or iodin, these products are 
 recoverable from the urine in a comparatively 
 short time, showing its quick absorption. It 
 is indicated whenever it is desired to saturate 
 the skin with fat, and when one wishes to carry 
 into the system medicaments intended to pro- 
 duce systemic effects. Its quick and almost 
 complete absorption makes it essential that the 
 product should be entirely free from irritating 
 fatty acids or decomposition products as 
 possible, else they become a source of much 
 mischief. 
 
 Not only is Lanolin Liebreich an ideal base 
 for application through the skin, but the 
 mucous membrane as well. 
 
 As a base or vehicle for the administering of 
 remedies for syphilis, rheumatism, malaria; 
 when it is desired to prevent the ill effects aris- 
 ing from disordered digestive functions, in skin 
 diseases of whatever nature, as a base for all 
 officinal ointments which are apt to be kept 
 for some time, and changes are sought to be 
 41 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 avoided, Lanolin Liebreich will be found of 
 inestimable service. 
 
 In order to secure the original and reliable 
 product and thus obtain the best results, 
 specify when prescribing: Lanolin "Liebreich." 
 
 LYSIDIN. 
 
 (Ethylene-ethenyhdiamin hydrochlorid.) 
 
 Lysidin is a bright red crystalline mass, very 
 hygroscopic, having a peculiar mouse-like 
 odor, melts at 105° C, boils at 198° C. Because 
 of its extremely hygroscopic nature, it is mar- 
 keted only in the form of a 50 per cent, solution. 
 This is a pale yellowish liquid of soap-like 
 feeling, with a specific gravity of 1.054. It 
 precipitates solutions of mercuric chlorid and 
 iodid, which are soluble in excess of Lysidin. 
 Ferric chlorid forms a brown precipitate 
 soluble in excess of the reagent. One gram of 
 Lysidin (cryst.) requires 5 cc. of normal hydro- 
 chloric acid V. S. for neutralization, phenol- 
 phthalein being the indicator. It is recom- 
 mended as a solvent for uric acid deposits, 
 being given in doses of 1 to 5 gm. (15 to 75 gr.) 
 daily, dissolved in excess of carbonated water, 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 50^ Solution, 
 per oz., $2.00. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHT ON LYSIDIN. 
 
 Louis M. Gompertz: YaU Medical School, 1896. 
 
 F. Woodcock Goodbody: British Med. Journal, Oct. 3, 1896. 
 
 Clifford Mitchell: Hdhnemannian MoTithly, May, 1898. 
 
 E. Grawitz: DeuUche med. Wochenschrift, 1894, No. 41. 
 
 Prof. Ladenburg: Deutache med. Wochemchri^i, 1894, No. 41. 
 
 42 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 MIGRAININ. 
 
 {Phenozon^caffein citrate.) 
 
 Migrainin is phenozon-caffein citrate and 
 occurs as a white crystalline powder, readily- 
 soluble in water and alcohol. The solutions are 
 slightly acid. It is used in migraine, head- 
 aches of influenza, in neuralgia, sciatica, 
 following alcoholic excesses, nicotin poisoning, 
 etc. 
 
 In the treatment of migraine with phenacetin 
 or antipyrin, the attack is delayed, while with 
 Migrainin it is usually permanently stayed. 
 In those attacks consisting of typical hemi- 
 crania, gastric or gastrointestinal disturbances, 
 anorexia, nausea, vomiting, meteorism, feeble 
 and slow pulse, photophobia, and general 
 depression, amounting at times almost to un- 
 consciousness, Migrainin will invariably meet 
 the indications without effect upon the pulse 
 or heart. One author describes the action of 
 Migrainin as follows: — "A few minutes after 
 taking the remedy, a sensation of relief begins 
 to make itself felt, as if the worst of the attack 
 had passed. This assurance of relief becomes 
 more distinct for the next quarter of an hour, 
 frequently accompanied by a pleasing sensa- 
 tion of warmth, with a sUght perspiration. In 
 twenty or thirty minutes all pain has practically 
 disappeared, and complete recovery is effected 
 within an hour, the general sensation of com- 
 fort lasting all day, and insuring a good night's 
 rest." 
 
 For adults the dose of Migrainin, in all forms 
 of headaches, is seventeen grains, preferably 
 dissolved in a small glass of water, without 
 43 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 additional quantity of water following. It 
 should never be given in wine, beer, tea, or other 
 liquids. In most cases the patient should 
 rest quietly for an hour and a half after the 
 powder is taken. If necessary, a second dose 
 may be taken only in two hours. The remedy 
 should be taken early, or directly after the first 
 signs of headache appear, and if possible on an 
 empty stomach. Nothing should be eaten, nor 
 drink of any kind takep for at least two hours 
 after the remedy has been given. More than 
 three powders in twenty-four hours are useless. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 per oz., $1.65. 
 
 BIBLIOGBAPHY ON MIGRAININ. 
 
 J. Weiss: Wiener med. Blaetter, Nos. 40-41, 1894. 
 C. E. Ewald: Berlin, klin. Wochensckrift, No. 21, 1894. 
 Bernheim: Deutsche Tried. Wochenschrijtj No. 22, 1894. 
 Bauerstein: Allgemein. med. Central Zeitg., No. 35, 1894. 
 Overlach, Obermedizinalrat: Deutsche med. Wochenschrift, 1893, 
 
 Nd. 47. 
 Hugo Leibig: Hamburgische Frauenzeitung, 1894, No. 35. 
 W. Moller: Wiener kliniache Rundschau, 1897, No. 16, 
 
 NOVOCAIN. 
 
 (P-aminobenzoyl-diethyl-a'mino-ethanol hydro- 
 chlorid.) 
 
 The continual extension of the field in which 
 local anesthetics are employed in surgery and 
 its special branches has brought about a more 
 vivid appreciation of the many drawbacks 
 associated with the use of cocain. Although 
 some of the substitutes for cocain already 
 introduced have exhibited advantages in one 
 or the other direction, none of them have ful- 
 filled the principal condition, viz., the abso- 
 44 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 lutely nonirritant action which is of critical 
 importance for the general utility of a local 
 anesthetic. The substitutes for cocain all 
 possess decided irritant action upon the living 
 tissues, which amounts to a corrosive action 
 when concentrated solutions are employed. 
 
 Zealous endeavors have for years been 
 directed to the production of a substitute for 
 cocain useful for all purposes, relatively non- 
 toxic and absolutely nonirritant. After many 
 investigations the Farbwerke vorm. Meister 
 Lucius & Bruning, Hoechst a. Main, Germany, 
 have succeeded in constructing a chemical 
 compound, Novocain, which thorough tests of 
 a pharmacological and clinical nature have 
 demonstrated to be an excellent anesthetic 
 and absolutely nonirritant drug. 
 
 Novocain is a local anesthetic which exhibits 
 an absence of irritation almost ideal, even 
 when applied in powder form or in concen- 
 trated solution to fresh wounds or to the most 
 deUcate tissues such as the cornea. 
 
 Physico-Chemical Properties. Novocain is 
 the hydrochlorid of p-aminobenzoyl-diethyl-ami- 
 no-ethanol and crystallizes from alcohol in color- 
 less needles possessing a melting point of 156° 
 C. It can be heated -uithout decomposition to 
 120° C. It dissolves in equal parts of cold 
 water, and the solution possesses a neutral 
 reaction; in cold alcohol it dissolves in the 
 proportion of 1 : 30. Caustic alkalies and their 
 carbonates precipitate the free base from the 
 aqueous solutions in the form of a colorless oil 
 which soon solidifies to a crystalline mass; on 
 the other hand sodium bicarbonate mixes with 
 the aqueous solution without causing turbidity. 
 Alkaloidal reagents, such as potassium-mercuric 
 iodid, picric acid, and potassic-iodid iodin 
 45 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 solution, produce precipitates even in very 
 dilute aqueous solutions of Novocain. 
 
 The pharmacological investigations of Novo- 
 cain gave the follomng results. The drug pos- 
 sesses the same reaction upon the peripheral 
 sensory nerves as cocain; the 0.25 per cent, 
 solution suffices to anesthetize even the thick 
 nerve trunks, such as the sciatic nerve, in 
 about 10 minutes. Applied locally Novocain 
 produces no by-effect; and particularly there 
 are no S5rmptoms of irritation whatever. 
 
 The general effect of Novocain on the system 
 after its absorption is scarcely perceptible, 
 neither the circulation nor the respiration 
 being affected. The cardiac activity does not 
 suffer. Practically no changes are observed 
 in the blood pressure and respiration curves 
 traced by the kymograph, when 0.15 or 0.2 
 gram Novocain is injected subcutaneously into 
 rabbits. 
 
 Novocain produces no mydriasis, no dis- 
 turbance of the acconmiodation and no increase 
 of intraocular pressure. 
 
 The slight toxicity of Novocain may be 
 easily recognized by comparison with the fatal 
 dose of cocain per kilo body-weight of different 
 animals. 
 
 The lethal doses per kilogram body-weight 
 (subcutaneous) are: 
 
 Cocain Novocain 
 
 Rabbits 0.05-0.1 gm. 0.35-0.4 gm. 
 
 Dog.s 0.05-0.07 gm. 0.25 gm. 
 
 (not fatal) 
 
 Careful experiments with frogs, rats, and 
 cats indicate similar relations not only for 
 subcutaneous but also for intravenous injections. 
 The introduction of Novocain into the spinal 
 cord likewise proves the slight toxicity of the 
 46 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS 
 
 drug. In this form of application the lethal 
 doses are for cats 0.018 gram cocain, whilst 
 0.15 gram Novocain is not lethal. 
 
 These experiments prove that in all forms of 
 employment Novocain is about six times less 
 toxic than cocain. 
 
 The pharmocological and clinical trials show 
 further that Novocain not only does not reduce 
 the action of suprarenal substances, but on the 
 contrary increases it. This behavior of Novo- 
 cain is remarkable, as the investigations of 
 Braun, Bier, and others have demonstrated 
 that the addition of suprarenal su'bstances to 
 the solutions of local anesthetics is of great 
 influence on their action. It has therefore 
 become an essential requirement for any 
 substitute for cocain that it shall not in the 
 least affect the action of these products. 
 
 This requirement has, however, not been 
 complied with by any of the cocain substitutes 
 introduced before the discovery of Novocain. 
 
 INDICATIONS AND DOSAGES. 
 
 The indications for Novocain are the same as for 
 cocain. 
 
 For injections into the tissues in surgery the 
 four Novocain-suprarenalin or adrenalin solu- 
 tions recommended by Professor Braun are 
 preferably employed: 
 
 Solution I: Novocain 0.25 gram — Physio- 
 logical salt solution 100 grams — suprarenalin 
 or adrenalin solution 1 : 1000, 5 drops. 
 
 Solution II: Novocain 0.25 gram — Physio- 
 logical salt solution 50 grams — suprarenalin or 
 adrenalin solution 1 : 1000, 5 drops. 
 
 Solution III: Novocain 0.1 gram — Physio- 
 47 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 logical salt solution 10 grams — suprarenalin or 
 adrenalin solution 1 : 1000, 10 drops. 
 
 Solution IV: Novocain 0.1 gram — Physio- 
 logical salt solution 5 grams — suprarenalin or 
 adrenalin solution 1 : 1000, 10 drops. 
 
 Solution II diluted with an equal volume of 
 physiological salt solution gives solution I. 
 Solution IV diluted with an equal volume of 
 physiological salt solution gives solution III. 
 
 For infiltration anesthesia and for anesthesia 
 of the thick layers of tissue, the Novocain- 
 solutions I and II are employed. 
 
 For central anesthesia of the nervous system 
 and larger nerve trunks, as well as for dental 
 extractions, solutions III and IV are employed. 
 
 For medullary anesthesia, experience so far 
 gained has shown 5 per cent. Novocain-supra- 
 renalin or adrenalin to be most useful. It will 
 contain in each 3 cc: 
 
 0.15 gram Novocain — 0.000325 gram supra^ 
 renalin or adrenalin — corresponding to 5 drops 
 solution 1:1000 to 3 cc. sterilized distilled 
 water. 
 
 Of this isotonic solution 2 cc. = 0.1 gram 
 Novocain is employed for operations on the 
 intestines and genitals; 2.5 to 3 cc. = 0.125 to 
 0.15 Novocain in laparotomies. 
 
 In ophthalmic practice 1,5, and 10 per cent. 
 Novocain solutions find employment and pro- 
 duce no dilatation of the pupils. If desired, 
 there may be added to each 10 cc. of the solu- 
 tions 6 to 8 drops of suprarenalin or adrenalin 
 solution 1:1000. 
 
 In rhino-laryngology 5 to 10 per cent, solu- 
 tions are employed for anesthesia of the mucous 
 membranes; 10 to 20 per cent. Novocain solu- 
 tions for anesthesia of the larynx and pharynx, 
 to which in suitable cases 3 drops of suprarenalin 
 48 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 or adrenalin solution 1 : 1000 may be added per 
 1 cc. 
 
 In dental practice 1 to 2 per cent. Novocain 
 solutions are employed. For 1 or 2 extractions 
 1 to 2 cc. 2 per cent. Novocain solution is used, 
 to which 2 or 3 drops of suprarenalin or 
 adrenalin solution 1 : 1000 is added. With 5 cc. 
 of 2 per cent. Novocain solution and 5 drops 
 suprarenalin or adrenalin solution 1 : 1000, 
 the whole of the alveolar structiu-e may be 
 rendered insensitive at one time. For dentine 
 anesthesia, separation, cleaning, and for crown- 
 ing teeth, etc., 1 per cent. Novocain solution 
 suffices, to which may be added as occasion 
 arises 1 to 3 drops of suprarenalin or adrenalin 
 solution 1: 1000, viz., 1 to 2 drops for dentine 
 anesthesia in the upper jaw and 3 drops for the 
 same purpose in the lower jaw. 
 
 For internal medication Novocain is preferable 
 to cocain on account of its lower toxicity, and 
 to adults doses up to 0.5 gram may be admin- 
 istered. 
 
 As already mentioned. Novocain solutions 
 may be sterilized by boiling without decom- 
 position or loss of activity. If suprarenalin 
 or adrenalin is also added to the Novocain 
 solutions they ought not to be boiled, or at 
 least for only a short time, as the active sub- 
 stance of the adrenals loses in activity by 
 long continued boiling. 
 
 Syringes sterilized with sodium carbonate 
 solution must be rinsed with sterilized water 
 or physiological salt solution before Novocain 
 solutions are drawn in, as sodium carbonate 
 precipitates Novocain. 
 
 5 Grm. Vials, per vial, $1.00. 
 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., 4.00. 
 4 49 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NOVOCAIN. 
 
 Prof. H. Braun: From the Surgical Department of the Dea- 
 coness' Houses in I^ipsic, " On Some New Local Anes- 
 thetics." Deutsche Mediz. Wockenschrift, No. 42, 1005. 
 
 J. Biberfeld: From the Pharmacological Institute of the Uni- 
 versity of Breslau, " Pharmacological Studies on Novocain.'' 
 Mediz. Klinik, No. 48, 1905. 
 
 H. Heineke and A. Lawen: From the Surgical University 
 Clinic Leipsic, " Experimental Investigations and Clinical 
 Experience on the AppUcability of Novocain for Local 
 Anesthesia." Deutsche ZeUsdvrifi jiir Chirurgie, vol. 80, 
 p. 180, 1905. 
 
 B. Sachse, Leipsic: " Novocain, a New Local Anesthetic." 
 Deutsche zahndrzU. Wochenachrift, No. 45, 1906. 
 
 W. Danielsen: From the Surgical University Polyclinic Mar- 
 biu"^, " Polyclinic Experience with the New Local Anes- 
 thetic Novocain." MUnchener mediz. Wochenschriftf No. 
 46. 1905. 
 
 E. Schmidt: From the Private Surgery of Privy Councillor F. 
 Haenel, Dresden, *' On Novocain Hoechst." MilTicheTier 
 mediz. Wochenachrift, No. 46, 1905. 
 
 Duhot: " Novocain, A New Local Anesthetic." AnTialea de 
 la Polidinigue Centrale de Bruxellea, No. 12, 1905. 
 
 Freeman: Assistant Dr. Max Joseph's Polychnic for Skin 
 Diseases, Berlin. " Novocain in Urology." Dermatologiechea 
 Centralbtatt, ix. No. 8. 
 
 Euler: From the Dental Clinic of the University of Heidelberg, 
 Prof. Port. " Novocain and its Application to Dentistry." 
 Deutsche zahn&rztl. Wochenschrj^t, Vol. xi. No. 20. 
 
 H. Gebb: University Eye Clinic, Wurzburg. *' Novocain and 
 its Anesthetic Action on the Eye." Archiv f, AitgeTiheil- 
 kunde. May, 1906 (Bd. Iv). 
 
 Cieszynski: Assistant at the Dental Clinic of the Royal Uni- 
 versity Mfinchen. (Prof. Berten.) "Local Anesthesia 
 with special Reference to Alypin and Novocain." Deutsche 
 Monatschr. /. ZahnheUkunde, April, 1906. (Vol. xxiv.) 
 
 Guido Fischer: Practising Dentist, Hamburg. " Contribution 
 to the Question of Local Anesthesia." Deutach. Monatschr, 
 f. ZahnheiiJcunde, xxiv, 1906, June. 
 
 Robert Lucke: " Novocain in Urology," Harnkrankheiten 
 und Sexuelle Hygiene, 1906, No. 3. 
 
 Fritz Liebl: Assistant at the Clinical Surgical Universi^ at 
 Heidelberg, Prof. Czemy. *' Local Anesthesia with Novo- 
 cain-Suprarenalin. " Munch, med. Wochenachrift, 1906, 
 No. 5. 
 
 O. Hermes: Assistant at Prof. Sonnenburg's Surgical Clinic at 
 the Moabit Hospital, Berlin. " Further Experiments in 
 Spinal Anesthesia with Stovain and Novocain." Medidni- 
 sche Klinik, 1906, No. 13. 
 
 Edward Sonnenburg: From von Leutholds Gedenkschrift, Vol. 
 II. " Spinal Anesthesia by Means of Stovain and Novo- 
 cain." 
 
 Opitz: Before the Aerztliche Verein of Marburg, Feb. 26, 1906. 
 " On Lumbar Anesthesia with Novocain in Gynecological 
 Operations." Miinch. med. WocheTiachrift, No. 18, 1906. 
 
 5Q 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS 
 
 NUTROSB. 
 
 {Casein-sodium.) 
 
 Nutrose is prepared from casein of milk, 
 which is combined with alkali sodium convert- 
 ing the casein into a colorless, tasteless powder, 
 which is completely soluble in water and all 
 watery fluids. It contains 13.8 per cent, of 
 nitrogen and is used as a food in intestinal and 
 digestive disturbances, in convalescence from 
 wasting diseases, and after surgical operations. 
 
 The indications for the employment of casein 
 preparations such as Nutrose are numerous. In 
 tuberculosis and all wasting diseases, cardiac 
 and renal affections, cachexia from whatever 
 cause, constitutional anemia and after hem- 
 orrhages, and in all affections where it is desir- 
 able to increase the albumen contents of the 
 foods imperceptibly. When there is repug- 
 nance to flesh food, as in chlorosis, diabetes 
 mellitus, etc., and in convalescence, in order to 
 introduce as much easily assimilated food as 
 possible, after operations upon the rectum, 
 where a less voluminous diet is desired, in 
 febrile diseases, where only fluids can be taken, 
 and in gout and uric acid diathesis, when we are 
 enabled to convey to the system the necessary 
 quantity of albumen without the nuclein, 
 which makes meat an objectionable diet. In 
 the numerous diseases of the alimentary canal, 
 Nutrose will be found especially useful. Ste- 
 nosis of the esophagus, whether from stricture 
 or from carcinoma, when milk cannot be given, 
 much less solid food, the milk forming cheesy 
 coagulations above the diverticulum. 
 
 In diseases of the stomach, when there is 
 51 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 diminution or failure of hydrochloric acid in 
 the secretion, from whatever cause, this remedy 
 will afford certain relief. In such cases, the 
 digestion of meat, eggs, and often milk, will be 
 found most difficult, and a partial, at least, 
 substitution of these albuminoids is most 
 desirable. In simple gastritis and in nervous 
 anacidity, it is easily assimilated, affording no 
 hindrance to intestinal digestion, thus avoiding 
 the later complications of intestinal insufficiency 
 and compensatory disturbances. 
 
 In gastritis with lack of hydrochloric acid, 
 the digestion of meat is accompanied with 
 subjective and objective disturbances, such as 
 painful pressure, wind, eructations, nausea, 
 and vomiting. These symptoms may increase 
 if the secretory weakness is accompanied with 
 debility by development of atony of the walls 
 of the stomach. In stenosis of the pylorus, 
 simple or carcinomatous, complicated with 
 anacidity, artificial nutrient preparations are 
 indicated, as meat, eggs, and milk, often can- 
 not pass undigested the contracted pylorus, 
 and consequently undergo decomposition. The 
 ability of Nutrose to combine with the acid 
 makes it especially a desirable nutriment in 
 hypersecretions of hydrochloric acid and in 
 ulcus ventriculi. Finally, in chronic diarrhea, 
 where all meats must be avoided, the deficit 
 of albumen can be made up by administering 
 Nutrose. 
 
 It may be given in the form of enemata in 
 aqueous solutions with the addition of salt, 
 and as an addition to the ordinary egg and 
 milk enemata. 
 
 Nutrose is preferably administered in soups 
 (J to i ounce to each plateful), milk, coffee, 
 cocoa (J ounce to each cupful), or when less 
 52 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 liquid and more solid food is indicated, -nith 
 barley, rice, oatmeal, etc., ^ to § ounce with 
 each portion. Nutrose can also be given with 
 jellies and creams. 
 
 l/41b. Cartons, per carton, $1.25. 
 1 lb. Cartons, per carton, 3.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MTTTROSE. 
 
 Prof. E. Salkowski: Berl. klin. Wocheitschrift, No. 47, 1894. 
 G. Marcuse: P_fliiger's Archiv, 1896. 
 K. Bomstein: Deutsche med. ZeU., No. 51, 1896. 
 Bomstein: Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, No. 8,1897. 
 E, Neumann: Stilnch. med. Woch., Jan. 18, 1898. 
 R51iinann: BerliTier klin. Wochenschrift, No. 14, 1895. 
 Stuve: Berliner klin. Wochenschrift, No. 20, 1896. 
 OppJer: Therapeuiische Monatshefte, Apr., 1897. 
 Brandenbuis: Deutsches Archiv fur klin. Medizin, Bd. 58, 1897. 
 Freudenthal: Die drztliche Praxis, Nos. 14-15, 1898. 
 Fariser: Deutsche medizin. Wochenschrift, April, 1902. 
 
 OETHOFORM. 
 
 (Meta^<Lmido-jxira-oocybensoica(nd-w,ethylester.) 
 
 Orthoform is a white, voluminous, odorless, 
 tasteless, and nonhygroscopic powder, which is 
 but slightly soluble in water, readily so in 
 alcohol, ether, and collodion. It is anesthetic, 
 slightly antiseptic, styptic, and vulnerary. 
 
 Therapeviic Indications: As a local anes- 
 thetic Orthoform has been found useful in 
 relieving pain of vrounds, ulcers, burns, excori- 
 ations, and all exposed nerve endings. It has 
 been successfully employed to relieve pain in 
 transplantations, burns of the second and 
 third degree, varicose ulcers, open wounds, 
 carcinoma, ulcerations of the throat, whether 
 specific, tubercular, or otherwise; in dental 
 caries, keratitis, corneal ulcer, or conjunctivitis; 
 for hemorrhoids, either before or after opera- 
 53 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tions; in all surgery where there are exposed 
 nerve terminals through loss of tissue, or highly 
 inflamed surfaces. 
 
 Orthoform has become indispensable to the 
 surgeon-dentist in treating cavities previous to 
 filling. When the ddbris is carefully removed 
 and Orthoform applied to the cavity, pain will 
 at once be allayed and for hours, thus facilitat- 
 ing exploratory operations or painless filling. 
 It is also serviceable in packing cavities after 
 extraction, to quiet pain, and this is accom- 
 plished without interference with a proper 
 healing of the tissues. 
 
 Its slow solubility in the tissue fluids allows 
 of a continuous anesthetic effect, without the 
 caution and observation necessary when using 
 cocain, and without the danger of contracting 
 a drug habit. There is no secondary hyperemia 
 or other untoward sequela such as often follows 
 the use of cocain. Is sufficiently antiseptic 
 to prevent fermentation or putrefaction; limits 
 and modifies the secretions. 
 
 Orthoform is incompatible with silver nitrate, 
 and the organic silver albuminoid preparations, 
 with formaldehyd, permanganate of potash, 
 antipjTin, and bismuth subnitrate with which 
 it forms a chocolate-brown powder. It can, 
 however, be combined with solutions of mer- 
 curic chlorid, tincture of iodin, turpentine, 
 solutions of copper sulfate, iodoform, dermatol, 
 zinc oxid, europhen, aristol, calomel, and sali- 
 cylic acid. It is also applicable with 3 to 5 
 per cent, solutions of phenol (carbolic acid) 
 and with lysol or creosol solutions. 
 
 Dose and method of using: Orthoform may 
 
 be given internally for pain in gastric ulcer or 
 
 gastralgia in from 0.2 to 0.64 grm. (3 to 10 grs.). 
 
 As a powder in insufilation, in emulsion, or 
 
 54 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tablet fonn — tablets to be allowed to dissolve 
 slowly in the mouth before swallowing — ^in 
 tubercular or syphilitic laryngitis for dysphagia; 
 as a sprinkling powder, pure or mixed with 
 talcum, or finally as an ointment 10 per cent. 
 Care should be taken when using Orthoform 
 ointments to remove all d6bris from the wound 
 by washing with, preferably, dilute alcohol 
 before applying it. 
 
 ORTHOFOBIU FOBSnTIi^. 
 
 9 Orthoform 10.0 (gr. cl.) 
 
 Big. — Sprinkling powder. 
 
 ^ Orthoform 10.0 (gr. cl.) 
 
 Talcum q.s. ad 50.0 ( 5 iisa.) 
 
 M. ft. p\ilv. 
 
 Sig. — Sprinkling powder. 
 
 9 Orthoform 5.0 (gr.lxxv. ) 
 
 Ether q. s. ad sol. 
 
 OI. amygd. dulc 20.0 ( 3 v.) 
 
 Sig. — For application to excoriated nipples. 
 
 5 Orthoform 5.0 (grl.xxv.) 
 
 Menthol 10.0 (3 iiss.^ 
 
 Ol. OUve 100.0 ( I iij. 3 i.) 
 
 Sig. — Inhalations for tubercular or syphilitic laryngitis. 
 
 9 Orthoform 1.0 (gr.xv.) 
 
 Sacchar. lactis 4.0 ( 3 i.) 
 
 Sig.^-Snuff for hayfever, coryza, etc. 
 
 5 Orthoform 2.5-5.0 (gr. xxxviiss.-Ixxv.) 
 
 Lanolin 25.0(3vi}i.) 
 
 M. ft. ungt. 
 
 Sig. — Orthoform salve. 
 
 9 Menthol 10.0 (gr. cl.) 
 
 OI. Amygd. dulc 30.0 ( 3 Tiiss ) 
 
 Vitelh ovi 30.0 ( 3 viisa.) 
 
 (Two yolks.) 
 
 Orthoform 12.5 ( 3 iij. gr. vij.) 
 
 Aq. dist <1. s. ad 100.0 ( 5 iij. 3 i.) 
 
 Ft. Emulsion for tubercular laryngitis. (Freudenthal.) 
 
 Orthoform hydrochlorid is a soluble salt and 
 is used whenever it is desired to make the appli- 
 cation in aqueous solution. These aqueous solu- 
 55 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tions, however, are necessarily somewhat acid 
 and therefore apt to be irritating when applied. 
 
 Orthoform, 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., $1.60. 
 
 Ortlioforiii Hydrochlorid: 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles per oz., $2.00. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON OBTHOFOBM. 
 
 North: American Med. Compend, Nov., 1898. 
 Holmes: The Woman's Med. Journal, Jan., 1899, No. 1. 
 Johnson: The Woman's Med. Journal, No. 1, 1899. 
 Maygrier: The Medical Press, Jan. 25, 1899, 
 Cheatham: The American Therapist, Feb., 1899, No. 8. 
 Sims: Therapeutic Progress, No. 3, 1899. 
 Crisand: Therapeutic Progress, No. 3, 1899. 
 Madden: Dublin Journal of Medical Science, p. 409, 1899. 
 Necker: New York Medical Journal, p. 780, 1899, 
 
 E. C. EUett: Memphis Lancet, 1899. 
 Scheppegrell: Wise. Med, Recorder, 1899. 
 
 C, H. Blackburn: Items of Interest, Sept., 1900, 
 
 F. P. Norbury: Medical Fortnightly, March 26, 1900. 
 
 G. McGowan: New York Medical Journal, July 14, 1900. 
 
 S. G. Dabney: American Practitioner and News, Jan. 1, 1900. 
 
 Sprague: The American Therapist, Sept., 1900, No. 3. 
 
 Heineck: The Bacillus, January, 1901. 
 
 Brewster: Items of Interest, Jan., 1901, 
 
 Horn: New Yorker Medizinische Monatschrift, p. 134, 1901. 
 
 Bowen: Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, March 20, 1902. 
 
 Murdoch: New York Medical Journal, Nov. 29, 1902. 
 
 OXAPHOB,. 
 
 (Oxycamphor.) 
 
 Oxycamphor is one oxidation removed from 
 camphor; one hydrogen atom of the camphor 
 molecule being displaced by one of the group of 
 hydroxyls. It appears as a crystalline powder, 
 melting at 203° to 205° C, soluble in cold water 
 up to 2 per cent., more readily in hot water. 
 The solution has a slight peppery bitter taste 
 and smell; should be free from a camphor odor, 
 and aqueous solutions should not show oily 
 appearing globules upon the surface. The 
 solution should be neutral and without per- 
 56 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 ceptible sensation upon the mucous membrane. 
 Solutions of albumin are not changed byoxy- 
 camphor, but myosin in solution is precipitated 
 in small flakes, which finally ball together and 
 settle to the bottom of the container. Physio- 
 logical experiments show that the ameboid 
 movements of the white blood corpuscles are 
 retarded in a solution of oxycamphor. It easily 
 decomposes A^hen exposed to light or water, 
 for which reason it is offered only in a 50 per 
 cent, solution in alcohol. This solution is 
 marketed under the name of Oxyphor. 
 
 Therapeutically the action of oxycamphor 
 (Oxaphor) is directly opposite to that of 
 camphor, for while camphor is an excitant of 
 the functional centres of the medulla oblongata, 
 oxycamphor allays the excitability of the 
 respiratory centres; hence it is useful in 
 dyspnea arising from whatever cause, such as 
 circulatory disturbances, insufficient heart ac- 
 tion, organic or valvular lesion, in aneurysms, 
 whooping cough, and asthma. 
 
 INDICATIONS AND DOSAGE. 
 
 Oxaphor is administered in dyspnea arising 
 from defective circulation or respiratory troubles, 
 in nervous asthma, in shortness of breath from 
 uremic complications, in emphysema and bron- 
 chitis; further in organic disease of the heart 
 with compensation disturbances and symptoms 
 of congestion, and in advanced cases of pulmo- 
 nary phthisis. 
 
 As a single dose, 40 to 60 drops of Oxaphor 
 (equivalent to 15 to 25 grains Oxycamphor) 
 should be given in a spoonful of water. The 
 flavor, which to some patients is unpleasant, is 
 removed by a draft of water. The most favor- 
 57 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 able conditions for the rapid and energetic de- 
 velopment of the action of the drug is when 
 taken on an empty stomach in fairly large 
 doses. 
 
 The single dose is 15 to 25 grains Oxycamphor, 
 with a maximum of 60 grains in the day, or 
 double the quantity of Oxaphor. The following 
 prescriptions have proved acceptable: 
 
 1. 9 Oxaphor 3 iij. 
 
 Spirit, vini 3 yi. 
 
 Succ. liqmr 3 iij . 
 
 Aqu. destill ad J vi. 
 
 2. 9 Oxaphor 3 iij. 
 
 Aq. amygd. amar 3 i. _ 
 
 Cognac 3 vi- 
 
 Aqua destill ad 5 vi. 
 
 3. 9 Oxaphor 3 iij. 
 
 Spirit vini 3 ix. 
 
 Syrup, aurant 3 vi. 
 
 Aqua destill ad | vi. 
 
 4. 9 Oxaphor 3 iij. 
 
 Vini Hungar 3 xviij. 
 
 Syrup, sirapl 3 ix. 
 
 Aqu. destil ad f vi. 
 
 Of any one of these solutions a tablespoonful 
 contains 8 grains Oxycamphor, and, according 
 to the above tables of doses, two tablespoonfuls 
 should therefore be prescribed as a dose. 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 50^ Solution, 
 per oz., $1.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAFHT ON OXAPHOR. 
 
 Prof. Ewald: Scientista' CongreM in Frankfurt, 1896. 
 
 R. Heinz and O. Manasse: Deutsche medic. Wochenachrift, No. 
 
 27, 1897. 
 Ladislaus von Ketly: Die Therapie der Gegenwari, Aug., 1900. 
 J. O. Hirschfelder: Occidental Med. Times, Dec, 1900. 
 Ghaa. Herwisch: Therapeutic Progress, Nov., 1899. 
 Ehrlich: ZentraXblatt filr die gesammte Therapie, Heft 1-2, 1899. 
 Jacobson: Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, No. 16, 1899. 
 Neumayer: Milnch. med. Wochenschrift, Na 11, 190 
 Meyer: Deutsche Aerzte-Zeitung, Heft 5, Mar., 1900. 
 ScHreiner: Therapeutische Monaishefte, 1903. No. 6, p. 294. 
 
 58 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 PEGNIN. 
 
 Dr. von Dungern's method of making cow's 
 milk, with the aid of Pegnin, more digestible for 
 sick or healthy infants, as well as for children 
 and adults, rests on a process for preventing 
 the injurious and lumpy curdling of the casein 
 of the milk in the stomach. The large curds, 
 which are formed in the stomach after partaking 
 of milk, are by the application of von Dungern's 
 method formed before the milk is taken, and 
 can, therefore, be easily reduced in size by 
 shaking or agitating with an egg beater. The 
 casein of milk so treated will be in small parti- 
 cles and more easily and quickly digestible. 
 
 Pegnin is sterile, and contains no substance 
 which could retard digestion. It adds to the 
 milk, lactose, or sugar of milk, which, as is well 
 known, makes it more nearly resemble the 
 mother's milk. 
 
 The researches made with Pegnin at noted 
 clinics by those practising pediatrics, have 
 demonstrated that von Dungern's method of 
 making cow's milk more digestible, is worthy of 
 the greatest consideration as the product is 
 easily digestible. Milk so treated can be taken 
 by invalids, as well as healthy infants, children, 
 and adults, rapidly increasing the bodily 
 strength and weight. 
 
 The milk must be lukewarm when the Pegnin 
 is added (40° C. or 104° F.), and must not be 
 heated afterward; low temperature retards 
 the curdling of the milk, and too high temper- 
 ature destroys the effect of the powder. The 
 addition of water before the curdling has set 
 in is to be avoided, as this will interfere with 
 the process. 
 
 59 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 It is well to reduce the size of the lumps of 
 casein by shaking in a strong bottle large enough 
 to allow of shaking; or in other words, in a 
 bottle not nearly filled. To prepare the milk 
 needed for one day requires a bottle with the 
 capacity of about one or one and one-half 
 liter (two or three pints). If a sterilizer, such 
 as Arnold's is to be used, the milk must be 
 made to curdle in each separate bottle, and 
 then shaken before using. 
 
 In every way the same rules apply which 
 must be observed when using cow's milk as 
 nourishment for infants and invalids. These 
 must be directed principally with a view to 
 keeping all injurious germs from the milk, and 
 to make those already present harmless. The 
 milk must for this reason only be taken after 
 being boiled and subsequently treated with 
 Pegnin as below. All vessels used must be 
 kept scrupulously clean by boiling with soda. 
 The stoppers of the bottles must be boiled 
 before using for 15 minutes. To save trouble, 
 all stoppers which are to be used for one day 
 may be boiled at the same time, and left in the 
 vessel until used. As needed, a stopper can 
 then be used, but must not afterward be put 
 with the unused ones. 
 
 If the milk is to be used for nourishment of 
 infants, it must be given at body temperature 
 (about 37.5° C. or 100° F.). Hot milk is 
 injurious, while infants do not like cool milk. 
 For this reason milk is best prepared in the 
 following way: 
 
 1. All bottles and stoppers must be well 
 cleansed by boiling. 
 
 2. The milk to be used for one day must be 
 placed in a large bottle (the bottle should not 
 be entirely full), the bottle placed in a vessel 
 
 60 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 containing cool or lukewarm water, and the 
 water boiled for one-half hour. 
 
 The milk for infants must not be diluted with 
 water. 
 
 3. The milk after boiling must be cooled to 
 about 40° C. or 104° F. To avoid breaking the 
 bottles, this must not be done suddenly. If 
 the milk is too cool, it must again be heated to 
 40° C. or 104° F. 
 
 4. At this temperature the Pegnin is added, 
 about one even tablespoonful or 9 gms. (135 
 grs.) to one liter or quart. After shaking the 
 milk to which the Pegnin has been added for 
 a short time, wait until it curds. This will 
 happen in a few minutes, usually two or three 
 minutes. (If the milk does not readily curd, 
 it is usually because of the addition of water.) 
 
 5. After the milk has curdled, the bottle is 
 closed with a clean, previously boiled stopper 
 (one of glass or solid rubber is best) and shaken 
 vigorously for a few minutes or until the 
 curds have entirely disappeared. 
 
 6. The milk is now ready for use. It must 
 not again be heated to any extent. If it is 
 necessary to dilute the milk with water as for 
 instance for very young children, this can be 
 done now, but not more than an equal propor- 
 tion of water to milk must be added. It is , 
 better to use water which has been previously 
 boiled. 
 
 Milk so prepared must now be placed in a 
 cool receptacle without changing from the 
 original bottle. When the milk is to be used, 
 it is again shaken, and placed in the infant's 
 feeding bottle, heated to body temperature, 
 37.5° C. or 100° F. and thus given to the child. 
 
 The heating is best done in lukewarm water, 
 for strong heat will again produce the large 
 61 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 curds. When this happens, it must again be 
 thoroughly shaken while in the feeding bottle. 
 If the milk be thus prepared, it can easily be 
 taken through the small opening of the rubber 
 tube. If the curds are in large lumps, however, 
 it may be necessary to have a large opening 
 in the nipple. This can be made by cutting a 
 long slit-like opening. 
 
 4 Ounce Bottles, 
 per bot., $0.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGKAPHT ON PEGNIN. 
 
 V. Dungem; A Practical Method for rendering Cow's Milk eas- 
 ily digestible. Munch, med. Wochenschrift, No. 48, 1900. 
 
 Siegert: Trials with v. Dungern's Coagulated Whole Milk in 
 the Nutrition of Healthy and Sick Children. Miinch. med. 
 Woctienschrift, No. 29, 1901. 
 
 Langstein; The Nutrition of Healthy and Sick Infants with 
 Coagulated Cow's Milk. Jahrhuch fiir Kinderheilkunde, 
 vol. 4, 1902. 
 
 Trumpp: Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines in Infancy. 
 WuTzburg. Treatieee, vol. 3, No. 1, 1902. 
 
 Bnining: Results with v. Dungern's Coagulated Milk in the 
 Infants' Department of the Children's Hospital at Leipsic. 
 Der Kinder-Arzt, Nos. 4-6, 1902. 
 
 Siegel: Fifty-ninth Report of the Olga Institute in Stuttgart 
 for the year 1901. Stuttgart, 1902. 
 
 Hirschfeld: Pegnin Therapy. Deutsche Tried. Wochenschrift, 
 No. 36, 1902. 
 
 Siegert: Coagulated Milk as Food for the Healthy, and Remedy 
 for Dyspeptic Children. Der Kinder-Arzt, No. 8, p. 169, 
 1902. 
 
 Briining; Reply to the preceding Communication. Der Kinder- 
 Arzt, No. 9, p. 170, 1902. 
 
 Siegert: The Nutrition Therapy of Infants. Address to the 
 Scientists' Congress in Carlsbad, Sept., 1902. 
 
 Siegert: Observations on Dr. Bruning's Reply " to iny Com- 
 munication ": " Coagulated Milk as Food for the Healthy 
 and Remedy for Dyspeptic Children." Der Kinder-Arzt, 
 No. 10, p. 225, 1902. 
 
 Fischl: On Hyperacidity of the Stomach. Addresses to the So- 
 ciety of German Physicians in Prague, Nov. 28, 1902. 
 
 Falladino: New Method for Rapid Estimation of Milk Adultera- 
 tion with Water by means of Pegnin, Giornale de Chimi- 
 ca, di Farmaciae di Scienze a£Sni, February, 1903. 
 
 62 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 PYRAMIDON. 
 
 (Dimethyt-amido pyrazolon.) 
 
 Pyramidon and its compounds with Camphor- 
 ic Acid and with Salicylic Acid. 
 
 Pyramidon as an AiUipyretic: Pyramidon, an 
 almost tasteless white powder, very soluble in 
 water, is a chemical derivative of antipyrin. 
 The leading idea in the preparation of this 
 compound was the development of the physio- 
 logical action of antipyrin by the introduction 
 of the admittedly very active dimethylamido 
 group (Filehne). This has proved a practical 
 success; Pyramidon is a very energetic drug — 
 about 3 or 5 times more powerful than anti- 
 pyrin — in which the danger of by-effects are 
 reduced to a minimum owing to the small dose 
 (4 to 6 grains) required to produce the thera- 
 peutical effect. The small quantity of the 
 medicament administered also obviates any 
 burden on the digestive organs. Comparing 
 its antipyretic action with that of antipyrin, 
 Pyramidon answers in still fuller degree than 
 antipyrin to the requirements of a good febri- 
 fuge, namely, that the disappearance of the 
 fever is gradual and the subsequent rise in 
 temperature as its effect passes off is slow. 
 This explains the decided preference given to 
 Pyramidon by the most competent observers 
 in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and 
 tj^hoid. 
 
 Professor Robert, who has administered 
 Pyramidon more than 6,000 times to consump- 
 tives and has made a strict comparison of its 
 action with other antipyretics and antineu- 
 ralgics, such as quinin, euquinin, antipyrin, 
 phenacetin, lactophenin, antifebrin, salipyrin, 
 63 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 and tolipyrin, comes to the conclusion that 
 Pyramidon is by far the best of these remedies. 
 
 Similar comparative trials were made by 
 Roth in the IV. Medical Department of the 
 Rudolf Institute in Vienna. He also came 
 to the conclusion that none of the other numer- 
 ous antipyretics are so prompt and lasting in 
 action as is Pyramidon in checking the even- 
 ing rise of temperature in consimiptives. He 
 writes: "Undoubtedly it is the most reliable 
 of all antipyretics in the fever of tuberculosis. 
 Often attempts were made to avoid the daily 
 rise in temperature with other antipyretics, as 
 phenacetin, phenocoll, antifebrin, quinin, and 
 quinidin, etc., but almost always the effects 
 of such administration were insufficient and 
 often an utter failure. The administration of 
 Pyramidon was then generally followed by most 
 astonishing results, including apyrexia even for 
 some days after discontinuance of the drug." 
 
 Similar good results were obtained by all 
 clinicians and physicians who treated their 
 patients with Pjo-amidon, as reference to the 
 publications cited below will prove. 
 . A scientific communication by Hoffman, 
 from the Pharmacological Institute of the 
 University of Rostock, must also be mentioned. 
 He vvrites that Pyramidon is to be preferred to 
 the nearly related antipyrin "not only because 
 it reduces the fever in very small doses (3 to 5 
 grains), but also because it rather strengthens 
 than weakens the heart's action." By these 
 pharmacological investigations of Pyramidon 
 the practical experience of medical men with 
 the preparation have been corroborated. 
 
 The abatement of the fever in consumptives 
 in the morning is, as is well known, often 
 accompanied with violent sweats, whether an 
 64 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 antipyretic has been given or not. In order to 
 avoid or at least control these secretions, which 
 are not only very unpleasant but also distinctly 
 harmful to the patients, two salts of Pyramidon 
 with camphoric acid are offered, namely, the 
 neutral camphorate of Pyramidon, in which 
 the antip3Tetic action predominates, and the 
 acid camphorate of Pyramidon, in which the 
 antihydropic action is prominent. Both prep- 
 arations have like'n'ise answered very well in 
 the therapy of phthisis, and especially is the 
 prevention of sweats obtained by the adminis- 
 tration of the acid camphorate of Pyramidon. 
 The doses of these salts are: 
 
 Neutral Camphorate of Pyramidon' gr. S to 12 
 
 Acid Camphorate of Pyramidon gr. 12 to 15. 
 
 Professor Valentini expresses himself as 
 follows respecting the systematic antipjrretic 
 treatment of tjqphoid fever with Pyramidon: 
 
 1. It is possible by continued administration 
 of doses of Pyramidon, at intervals of two hours, 
 day and night, to maintain the temperature at 
 normal or almost normal in all cases of t5T)hoid 
 fever. The pulse and sensoriima are thereby 
 very favorably affected, and the labor of nursing 
 materially lightened. 
 
 2. Unfavorable effects of the drug have not 
 been observed. 
 
 3.' There appears to be no specific action on 
 the disease, but we have the impression that 
 the whole course of the disease is very favorably 
 influenced. 
 
 4. The selection of a suitable dose, as in all 
 cases of medication, requires a certain amount 
 of experience. The correct dose is that which 
 just keeps the patient free from fever. For 
 children 1^ to 3 grains every two hours sufBce; 
 5 65 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 adults require 5 to 6 grains according to the 
 severity of the case. Strong doses are given 
 at the start, as an abnormal reduction of 
 temperature to 35° C. or 95° F. does no harm. 
 When the patient has been free from fever for 
 some days more moderate doses are given. 
 
 5. When it is assumed that the febrile period 
 has passed, the administration may be tenta- 
 tively discontinued; it is, however, not perma- 
 nently discontinued until the patient is quite 
 free from fever. 
 
 Pyramidon as an Antineuralgic : Besides its 
 prompt antipyretic action Pjrramidon has also 
 been found to possess anodyne properties to a 
 greater degree than any other remedy for the 
 relief of all kinds of pain, e.g., headaches, 
 toothache, etc., and particularly neuralgic 
 pains. The marked analgesic action of Pyra- 
 midon, commented on by Filehne, has been 
 confirmed by all clinicians and nerve specialists 
 who have employed it. Thus Laudenheimer 
 writes from the Psychiatric and Nerve Clinic 
 of the University of Leipsic: " I have given this 
 drug, by far the most often, in headaches 
 of various character, headaches of an in- 
 definite nature, such as frequently occur 
 during many mental disorders and psychoses, 
 and during the patient's convalescence, the 
 drug always answering in doses of 3 to 8 grains. 
 I have often had opportunities to try Pyramidon 
 in the brain troubles of alcoholic patients, 
 particularly after delirium tremens. Almost 
 without exception the results have been 
 satisfactory, both in the. case of localized 
 neuritic lesions, and in the continuous com- 
 plaints of "an iron band round the head," 
 "noises in the head," etc. 
 
 Professor Lupine, of Lyons, has made a com- 
 66 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 parison of the antineuralgic action of antipyrin 
 and of Pyramidon. He found that Pyramidon 
 is superior to antipyrin and frequently enough 
 was effective when antipyrin entirely failed; 
 for instance, in the painful twitchings of loco- 
 motor ataxia, where even morphin had given 
 no relief, "PjTamidon alone in doses of 10 or 
 12 grains three or four times daily, for several 
 weeks procured the patient a condition of 
 absolute comfort. Although this patient re- 
 ceived daily as much as 45 grains of Pyramidon, 
 not the slightest harmful effect was ever 
 observed. In the majority of patients for 
 experimental purposes 4 grains Pyramidon and 
 15 grains antipyrin were given alternately, and 
 to this day all these patients declare they 
 prefer Pyramidon. It appears also quite cer- 
 tain that Pyramidon disturbs the stomach 
 less than antipyrin." 
 
 Pjrramidon is given as an antineuralgic and 
 particularly in articular or muscular rheumatism 
 either in powder form (5 to 8 grains thrice 
 daily) or in a 3 or 4 per cent, aqueous solution 
 (one teaspoonful twice or thrice daily). 
 
 Pyramidon Salicylate is indicated in rheumatic 
 affections, particularly in a^ute and chronic rheu- 
 matism, gout, neuralgia; further in pleuritis, 
 both serous and dry. Dose 8 to 12 grains. 
 
 Pyramidon, 1 Ounce Cartons, per oz., $2.35. 
 
 Pyramidon Camphorate, Acid, 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., 1.75. 
 
 Pyramidon Camphorate, Neutral, 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., 2.00. 
 
 Pyramidon Salicylate, 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., 1.75. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PYRAMIDON. 
 
 Filehne: Berl. klin. Wochenschrifl, No. 48, 1896. 
 Lupine: Lyon Midicale, No. 24, 1897. 
 Roth: Wiener klin. Wochenachrift, p. 964, 1897. 
 Huchard: Semaine Mid., No. 22, 1897. 
 67 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Pohl: Aerztl. ZentraUAmeiger, Vienna, 1898, p. 12. 
 
 Kobert: Report on the Congress for Tuberculosis, Berlin, 1899, 
 
 p. 369. 
 Kionka: Therapie d. Gegenwart, No. 2, 1899. 
 Ketley: Die Heilkunde, Vienna, 1899, p. 12. 
 Kirstein: Inaugural-Dissertation, Berlin. (Extracted from 
 
 Therapie der Gegenwart, 1900, No. 4.) 
 Robin and Bardet: Bullet, gen. de Therap., July, 1900, No. 4. 
 Capitan: Gazette Medicale Beige, Oct., 1900, No. 2. 
 Bardet: Bull. de. la SocietS de Therapeut., March, 1901. 
 Lyonnet and Langon, Lyon Medicale, Apr. 28, 1901. 
 Bertherand: Bulletin de Therapeutigue, Aug. 30, 1901. 
 Robin: Bull. gen. de Therapeutigue, Dec, 1901, p. 890. 
 Valentini: Deutsche med. Wochenschrift, No. 16, 1903. 
 
 RODAGEN. 
 
 Rodagen is a preparation made from the 
 milk of goats which have been subjected to 
 thyreoidization, which contains the active 
 remedial substance in a concentrated form and 
 which is permanently durable. The milk 
 extract is triturated with 50 per cent, of milk 
 sugar; is palatable and can be administered 
 for any length of time without opposition on 
 the part of the patient. It is indicated in 
 exophthalmic goiter in doses of 5 to 10 grams 
 (75 to 150 grains) daily. The chronic char- 
 acter of this disease makes it necessary to con- 
 tinue the remedy for usually long periods. 
 The first noticeable symptoms to indicate 
 improvement are an abatement of especially 
 nervous disturbances, tremor, palpitation, in- 
 somnia, excitability, after a treatment of two 
 to three weeks, or after from 100 to 200 grams 
 of Rodagen have been taken. 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 
 
 per oz., $1.25. 
 
 BIBIilOGBAPHY ON RODAGEN. 
 
 Burghart and Blumenthal: Address in memory of E. von 
 
 Leyden, 1902. 
 W. H. Lyne: Old Dominion Journal of Med. and Surgery, Oct., 
 
 1903. 
 Kimberger: Therapie der Gegenwart, Oct., 1903. 
 W. Kuhnemann: Munch, med. Wochenschrift, Mar. 8, 1904. 
 E. von Leyden; Medicinische Klinik, 1905, 1. 
 68 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 SIDONAL. 
 
 (Quinate of Piperazin.) 
 
 Sidonal is a white amorphous powder, with a 
 pleasant taste, very soluble in water, whose 
 action in uric acid troubles is dependent upon 
 the combined effect of quinic acid and piper- 
 azin; the former preventing the formation of 
 uric acid, while the latter, through its diuretic 
 action, causing rapid elimination of hippuric 
 acid (which is a product also of metabolism) 
 through the kidneys. This metabolism is so 
 modified through the action of quinic acid that 
 the production of uric acid is not completed, 
 but another product, hippuric acid, formed. 
 Acute attacks of gout are quickly influenced 
 and cut short by Sidonal in doses of from 5.0 
 to 8.0 gms. (75 to 120 grs.) per day, given in 
 broken doses and at regular intervals with 
 copious draughts of water. There is a disap- 
 pearance of pain and swelling with increased 
 appetite, the joints becoming more mobile, 
 while, objectively and subjectively, swellings 
 and tophi disappear. In renal calculi and the 
 persistent pain in the region of the kidney with 
 the excretion of quantities of uric acid or 
 gravel, the pains are quickly abated, while the 
 urine becomes clear and without sediment. 
 Sidonal does not disturb the digestion or circu- 
 lation, and is indicated in all cases of acute 
 gout, renal calculi, leucemia. In chronic con- 
 ditions Sidonal new is said to be more effective 
 than the original product. 
 
 1 Ounce Bottles, 
 per oz., $5.00. 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 SIDONAL NEW. 
 
 (Quinic Acid Anhydrid.) 
 
 Sidonal new is quinic acid anhydrid, and 
 occurs in the form of a white powder without 
 odor or taste. It is verj'^ soluble in hot or cold 
 water, alcohol, ether, or chloroform, and is used 
 as a uric acid solvent inhibiting the production 
 of the insoluble uric acid and so influencing 
 metabolism as to form hippuric acid, which is 
 easily soluble, and therefore readily eliminated. 
 
 Sidonal new is used in a variety of disturb- 
 ances dependent upon the presence of uric acid, 
 such, for instance, as lithemia, gout, arthritis 
 deformans, chronic rheimaatism, occipital head- 
 ache, hemicrania, catarrh, asthma, and the 
 so-called uric acid diathesis. It is best ad- 
 ministered in solution, wafers, capsules, or in 
 powder form washed down with copious 
 draughts of water. Dose i. from 5 to 8 gms. 
 (75 to 120 grs.) daily, given in three, four, or 
 more doses. 
 
 Although it has been demonstrated by Kionka 
 and others that the nature of the food partaken 
 of directly influences the formation of uric 
 acid in and excretion from the animal system, 
 the classical researches of Weiss in the Bunge 
 laboratories furnished the earliest exact knowl- 
 edge regarding the ingredients of foodstuffs, 
 which favor or retard the production of uric 
 acid. Commencing with the study of the 
 influence on uric acid excretion on the addition 
 of definite quantities of fruit to a normal diet, 
 Weiss found that one to two pounds of cherries, 
 strawberries, or grapes daily, reduced the amount 
 of uric acid excreted from 20 to 40 per cent. 
 70 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Attempts to identify this peculiar property 
 with any particular constituent of the fruit 
 at first failed. Sugar, tannic acid, potassium 
 tartrate, etc., did not produce any appreciable 
 effect. At length quinic acid, which is a 
 frequent, although minor, constituent of fruits 
 and vegetables, was tried and found to possess 
 a very intensive effect in reducing the excretion 
 of uric acid. One third of an ounce of quinic 
 acid added to the normal diet reduced the 
 daily excretion of uric acid over 50 per 
 cent. 
 
 The results attending the administration of 
 SidonaJ new, prove that the preventive action 
 of quinic acid is a radical one, as pointed out by 
 Dr. J. Meyer, of Carlsbad, in the discussion on 
 Blumenthal's communication on Sidonal to 
 the meeting of the " Society for Internal Medi- 
 cine" in March, 1902, and that quinic acid 
 retards the production and not merely the 
 excretion of uric acid. Further evidence of 
 this fact is afforded by the appearance of 
 hippuric acid in place of uric acid in the urine 
 of patients on fruit diet, or to whom Sidonal 
 new has been administered. 
 
 Both hippuric acid and its salts are known 
 to be easily soluble as contrasted -nath uric acid 
 and the salts of uric acid. The manner in 
 which the metabolic changes are effected by 
 quinic acid so as to produce hippuric acid in- 
 stead, of uric acid has yet to be revealed, but 
 from a chemical point of view it is extremely 
 suggestive that, whilst uric acid may be built 
 up from glycocoll and urea, hippuric acid is 
 formed by the combination of glycocoll with 
 quinic acid. Thus, it can readily be under- 
 stood that quinic acid, as Sidonal new, removes 
 a constituent necessary to the formation of 
 71 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 uric acid, and thus reduces the production of 
 uric acid in the body. 
 
 Junce Bottles, 
 r oz., $2.50. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SIDONAL. 
 
 Blumenthal; Di£ riwdidnische Woche, Mar. 12, 1900. 
 
 Eichter "1 
 
 Von Leyden I Discussion in a meeting of the Society 
 
 Jaques Meyer \ for Internal Medicine, Berlin, March, 
 
 Ewald ( 1900. Published in Diemed. Woche, 
 
 Goldscheider J June, 1900. 
 
 E. Meyer J 
 
 Salfeld: Miinchener med. Woch., Apr. 16, 1901. 
 
 J. Lindsay Porteous: The American Therapist, March, 1901. 
 
 F. F. Ward: The Medical News, Nov. 15, 1902. 
 
 Huber and Lichenstein: Berliner klin. Wochen., July 14, 1902. 
 
 THE TTTBERCULIN PREPARA- 
 TION OF PROFESSOR KOCH. 
 
 We will confine our remarks on these products 
 to giving detailed and explicit directions for 
 their use, asking the reader who is not ac- 
 quainted with their merits or who desires the 
 latest clinical references to them to write to 
 us for same. 
 
 That the Tuberculins prepared according to 
 the method devised by Prof. Koch are becoming 
 better understood and appreciated as they are 
 more generally used is attested from the 
 published reports in current medical literature 
 from the most eminent specialists, both in this 
 country and abroad. 
 
 DIRECTIONS AND DOSAGE FOR THE USE OF 
 TUBERCULIN "kOCH " AS A DIAGNOSTIC AGENT. 
 
 Apparatus: The apparatus needed in giving 
 the injections is a hypodermic sjTinge, a pipette 
 72 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS 
 
 of one cubic centimeter, contents graduated to 
 one-hundredths, and the Tuberculin "Koch." 
 
 Method of Injection: The pipette being 
 cleaned and dry, the cork in the Tuberculin 
 bottle is removed and the end of the pipette 
 plunged into the fluid. The Tuberculin is 
 drawn up into the pipette to the required mark; 
 the finger is then thrust over the end of the 
 pipette, which is quickly removed from the 
 bottle and the Tuberculin allowed to run out 
 into a clean saucer, perfectly sterilized. The 
 pipette is now washed with sufficient distilled 
 water to make the desired percentage solution 
 and this water is mixed with the Tuberculin 
 in the dish. The whole is drawn into a hypo- 
 dermic sjTringe and injected into the inter- 
 scapular region of the back. The distilled 
 water is added to give volume to the fluid. 
 
 Previous to the injection, the morning and 
 evening temperature of the patient should 
 have been taken for one, two, or more days, in 
 order that any variation in its course may be 
 known. 
 
 Patients that run more than §° C. of tempera- 
 ture are not good subjects for Tuberculin 
 injections. At the time of the injection the 
 temperature is taken and noted. Following 
 the injection for the first six hours the tempera- 
 ture should be taken every two hours, and 
 thereafter ev6ry hour until twelve hours have 
 passed. 
 
 Dose: All clinicians, with few exceptions, 
 use one of three methods : Those who give three 
 or four injections repeated one after the other, 
 with intervals of from three to seven days 
 between the injections, the initial dose being 
 0.0005 to 0.001 c.cm.; the second 0.002 c.cm.; 
 the third 0.004 to 0.005 c.cm.; the fourth 0.010 
 73 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 c.cm. If the patient reacts to any one or all 
 of these injections, he is considered tuberculous. 
 If he does not react he is not tuberculous. 
 Martin and Robins, Malm, Denison, Tnideau, 
 Taylor, Otis, Kassel, and others use this method. 
 
 A second class of observers use the repeated 
 injections at stated intervals, but begin with 
 much larger doses. For example, an initial 
 dose of 0.005 c.cm.; the second dose being 
 0.010 c.cm.; the third 0.025 c.cm. Whittaker 
 and Maragliano made use of this method. 
 
 The third method is followed by those who 
 give but one injection, and that sufficient in 
 amount to cause a reaction in the tuberculous 
 individual. White, Von Yaksch, and Head 
 pursue this plan. White gives one dose of 
 0.010 com.; Von Yaksch one dose of 0.005 
 c.cm.; and Head one dose of 0.010 c.cm. 
 
 There is much to be said in favor of one large 
 dose, rather than repeated small doses. The 
 mild or delayed reactions, which are trouble- 
 some to the diagnostician, are in a large measure 
 done away with and the possibility of estab- 
 lishing a toleration for the Tuberculin is elim- 
 inated. No opportunity for any cumulative 
 action is offered when only one dose is given. 
 
 The Reaction: An individual is said to react 
 when he develops within twelve hours following 
 the injection a rise of temperature of 1^° to 2° 
 C. (2.7 to 3.6 F.) or more above the mean course 
 of the temperature previous to the injection. 
 Other symptoms, such as headache, malaise, 
 anorexia, sometimes vomiting and diarrhea, 
 accompany the temperature rise, but they are 
 not distinctive features of the reaction. 
 
 74 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 TECHNIC AND DOSAGE IN THE TREATMENT OP 
 TUBERCULOSIS WITH TUBERCULIN KOCH. 
 
 The maximum dose for adults against tuber- 
 culosis of any kind should be for the first 
 injection 0.001 c.cm., to children it is advisable 
 to give, according to age, J to yV o^ t^us dose. 
 
 The dose should be increased, at first, only by 
 0.001 c.cm. until 0.005 c.cm. is given, when 
 it can be augmented by 0.002 c.cm., and from 
 0.01 c.cm. upward a more rapid increase is 
 permissible according to the nature of the case. 
 
 As a rule the dose of 0.1 c.cm. (between IJ ni 
 and If in,) should not be exceeded. 
 
 As a diluent, phenol (carbolic acid) solutions 
 of 0.5 per cent, should be generally employed, 
 but stronger solutions of the phenol can be 
 used. 
 
 The dilutions are prepared by first of all mak- 
 ing a 10 per cent, solution by adding 9 c.cm. of 
 a 0.5 per cent, phenol (carbolic acid) solution 
 to 1 c.cm. of the remedy. This solution will 
 keep for a considerable time if placed in a dry, 
 cool place, preferably a refrigerator or ice box. 
 In the same way a percentage solution contain- 
 ing the required dose in each c.cm. is prepared 
 from this 10 per cent, solution. 
 
 No more of the higher dilution should be 
 made ready than will meet the requirements 
 of a few days, and this should always be kept 
 in a cool, dry place. If the solutions assume a 
 turbid appearance, they should no longer be 
 used. 
 
 During a few days before the treatment is 
 begun, observations should be made of the 
 temperature of the patient in the morning, at 
 midday, and in the evening. 
 75 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 An accurate physical examination should be 
 made of the thoracic viscera and of the larynx. 
 The sputum must be examined for tubercle 
 bacilli, and also the dejections, if diarrhea be 
 present. 
 
 The injections are to be made as early as 
 possible in the day; afterward the temper- 
 ature must be taken every three hours. 
 
 If in consequence of the injection, the temper- 
 ature rises above 38° C. (101° F.) the following 
 dose should not be increased. The same dose, 
 or a smaller one, is then employed, until for 
 several days the temperature no longer rises 
 above 38°. In all cases the mjections should 
 not be continued before the symptoms of re- 
 action cease to manifest themselves. 
 
 If a higher temperature is maintained for 
 some time, the next injection should not be 
 made before it has fallen to at most 38° C. 
 
 In doubtful cases, or where it is a question of 
 diagnosis, and further, in quite recent tuber- 
 culous manifestations, e.g., unilateral apical 
 catarrh, tuberculosis of a joint, lupus of re- 
 stricted area, etc., a dose of 0.005 c.cm. can be 
 given to begin with, and in case no reaction is 
 produced, increased by degrees to 0.01 c.cm. 
 and then to 0.02 c.cm. 
 
 According to experience, it appears advisable 
 to begin with the smallest possible dose and to 
 increase this gradually even in incipient pul- 
 monary and in surgical tuberculosis. 
 
 Particular care is required in all cases of 
 advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, laryngeal 
 tuberculosis, extensive facial lupus (on account 
 of the not unusual brain symptoms), intestinal 
 tuberculosis (perforation), cerebral tuberculosis, 
 as well as in cases complicated by heart affec- 
 tions, diabetes, etc. 
 
 76 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 If hemoptysis or any other serious symptom 
 appear, the use of the remedy must be sus- 
 pended. 
 
 The investigations of the sputum must be 
 repeated every week, and it is also desirable 
 that the weight of the patients should be 
 determined at regular intervals. 
 
 It is to be recommended that the syringes 
 employed (which ought to be tested as to their 
 capacity) should be disinfected each time 
 before and after use with absolute alcohol and 
 afterward rinsed with sterilized distilled water. 
 
 DIEECTIONS FOR USING TUBERCULIN NEW 
 " KOCH." 
 
 The Tuberculin New "Koch" is presented in 
 a fluid state. It is an opalescent fluid, which 
 resembles externally a mixture of 10 c.cm. water 
 and 4 or 5 drops of common milk. It must be 
 kept in a dry, dark, and cool place.* 
 
 The original fluid contains 10 mgm. solids 
 to each c.cm. 
 
 As a rule treatment begins with a dose of 
 -gl-g- mgm. (0.002 mgm.) of solid substance. If 
 a reaction should follow its use, the dose must 
 be diminished. 
 
 For diluting the fluid, a 20 per cent, solution 
 of glycerin-water should be employed. Dilu- 
 tions are best effected as follows: 
 
 1. A 1 c.cm. pipette divided into 10 equal 
 parts is used. With this 0.3 c.cm. of the 
 original fluid is taken; to this 2.7 c.cm. of 20 
 per cent, glycerin-water is added, so that the 
 total volume is 3 c.cm. This dilution of 3 c.cm. 
 
 * The Tuberculin New is the same as Tuberculin T. R. (See 
 Koch, Deutsch. med. Wodu, 1897, No. 14.) 
 
 77 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 then contains 3 mgm. solid matter. The total 
 dilution of active matter amounts to 10 per 
 cent. 
 
 2. From this 10 per cent, dilution, 0.1 c.cm. 
 is mixed with 9.9 per cent, of glycerin-water 
 (20 per cent.) ; making a -^ ^^^ ^ dilution of the 
 original substance. 
 
 Of this final dilution, -^-^ c.cm. =0.002 mgm. 
 =-g^ mgm. solid matter. 
 
 All instruments used (syringes, pipettes) are 
 first sterilized by absolute alcohol and ether, 
 and later by sterilized glycerin-water, which 
 should remove all traces of alcohol and ether. 
 
 The glycerin-water solutions should be pre- 
 pared as follows: 20 c.cm. pure glycerin is 
 boiled for 15 minutes with 80 c.cm. distilled 
 water and then cooled thoroughly before use. 
 
 Dilutions which present a cloudy look, and 
 which throw down a sediment which is no 
 longer dissolved by shaking, should never be 
 used. As a rule, properly made solutions, 
 when preserved in a cool and dark place, 
 should retain their activity for 14 days. 
 
 Injections should be made subcutaneously 
 about every second day, with slow increase in 
 dose, so that higher elevations of temperature 
 than ^° C. are avoided. If a rise of tempera- 
 ture follow an injection, this should subside 
 completely before a new injection is under- 
 taken. 
 
 If the dose does not exceed 5 mgm. solid 
 matter, twice a week is often enough for an 
 injection; and if the dose is larger, once a 
 week should suffice. Generally speaking, the 
 individuality of each case must be borne in 
 mind. 
 
 As a rule, 20 mgms. of solid matter, should 
 constitute a maximum for injection; and if no 
 78 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 reaction follows the injections must cease or 
 only be repeated at long intervals. 
 
 Injections should be made in such regions 
 as permit the elevation of the skin in folds. 
 A local reaction not uncommonly sets in, but 
 should subside in 24 hours. When the dose 
 is to be increased the local peculiarities must 
 be borne in mind. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOB USE OF TUBERCULIN NEW 
 KOCH (bacilli emulsion). 
 
 The New-Tuberculin Koch (Bacilli emulsion) 
 is a suspension of pulverized tubercle bacilli in 
 water to which an equal quantity of glycerin 
 has been added. 
 
 One cubic centimeter of the preparation con- 
 tains five milligrams of the pulverized tubercle 
 bacilli. 
 
 As a general rule the treatment is commenced 
 with the subcutaneous injection of 0.0025 milli- 
 gram of the bacillar substance, that is to say, 
 one two-thousandth part of 1 cc. of the prepa- 
 ration. The dilution is made with 0.8 per cent, 
 sodium chlorid solution, or if the diluted solu- 
 tion must be kept several days, with 0.8 per 
 cent, sodium chlorid and 0.5 per cent, phenol 
 solution, in the following way: 
 
 1. 0.1 cc. is taken from the original bottle 
 with a 1 cc. pipette divided into 100 equal parts 
 and to it added 9.9 cc. 0.8 per cent, sodium 
 chlorid solution (or sodium chlorid-phenol solu- 
 tion). This 100-fold dilution contains 0.05 
 milligram bacillar substance in 1 cc. 
 
 2. Of the 100-fold dilution 1 cc. is mixed with 
 
 9 cc. 0.8 per cent, sodium chlorid solution (or 
 sodium cUorid-phenol solution) or made up to 
 
 10 cc. therewith. This 1000-fold dilution con- 
 
 79 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tains in 0.5 cc. 0.0025 milligram bacillar sub- 
 stance, the above mentioned initial dose. 
 
 With this small dose it is quite exceptional 
 for any reaction to appear. At intervals of one 
 or two days the dose is very rapidly increased, 
 on each occasion about twice to five times the 
 quantity previously injected, until a very dis- 
 tinct reaction with a rise of IJ to 2° C. (2.7° to 
 3.6° F.) in temperature appears. As soon as 
 such a violent reaction is reached the injec- 
 tions are made after much longer intervals. 
 Usually one waits from 6 to 8 days or longer. 
 If the treatment must be carried through with- 
 out violent reactions the dose should only be 
 gradually increased so that little or no rise of 
 temperature occurs and between the injections 
 always an interval of 5 to 7 days allowed. For 
 further particulars reference may be made to 
 the literature quoted below. 
 
 The subcutaneous injections are increased 
 until the dose reaches 20 milligrams; larger 
 quantities are not readily absorbed. If ab- 
 sorption takes place too slowly it is advisable 
 to distribute the injection in two or more places. 
 The maximum doses of 10 to 20 milligrams are 
 only administered at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks. 
 
 (When ordering this preparation, we urgently 
 request that to the name Tuberculin New 
 Koch the distinctive term " Bacilli Emulsion " 
 be added.) 
 
 Supplied only on importation order. No 
 exchanges made. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE 
 AGGLUTINATION LIQUID. 
 
 The contents of the vial consist of 0.1 gm. 
 pulverized tubercle bacilli. A weighed quan- 
 80 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 tity, e.g., 0.05 or 0.02, is carefully rubbed down 
 and mixed in a mortar with phenol-salt solution 
 (0.5 per cent, phenol (carbolic acid) and 0.8 
 per cent, sodium chlorid, freed from all tur- 
 bidity by repeated filtration), at first by adding 
 a few drops at a time, and then gradually more 
 solution until the proportion of 1 to 100 is 
 reached. It is then centrifugated six minutes 
 with a hand centrifugal machine, decanted off 
 from the deposit, and again diluted with a 10- 
 fold volume of phenol-salt solution, that is to 
 say, to the proportion of 1 in 1000. In this 
 dilution the solution may be kept for about 
 two weeks in an ice chamber. Before use, it 
 is again diluted as required with a 10-fold 
 volume of phenol-salt solution, so that the 
 test liquid employed is a 10,000-fold dilution 
 or rather suspension of the pulverized tubercle 
 bacilli. The liquid has the appearance of 
 water and exhibits only a faint opalescence. 
 
 Tubercle Bacilli for Agglutinating Liquid: 
 Vials Containing 0.1 gm. each, per vial, $1.50. 
 
 Tuberculin "Koch.": 
 1 and 5 c.cm. Vials per c.cm., 0.35. 
 
 Tuberculin New " Koch ": 
 1 c.cm. Vials per c.cm., 3.10. 
 
 Tuberculin New Koch Bacilli Emulsion: 
 
 1 c.cm. Vial per com., 0.50. 
 
 5 c.cm. Vials per c.cm., 0.40. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TUBEBCXriilN "KOCH" 
 AND TUBEBCXTLIN NEW "KOCH." 
 
 Robert Koch: Deutsche med. Wochfrusda:, Apr., 1897. 
 
 P Krause: Deutsche med. Wochenscnr., Nos. b, 7, and B, 1S»5. 
 
 O Malm- CentraM. f. Bacterwlog. and PaTOsUenkande, xvii., 
 
 Nos. 2 and 3, 1895. 
 Adami: Montreal Medical Journal, Sept., 1895. 
 H. P. Loomia: Medical Record, Feb., 1898. 
 E. O. Otis: The Medical News, July 9, 1898. 
 6 81 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Geo. D. Head: St. Paul Medical Journal, 1900. 
 
 G; A, Heron: Medical Timiea and Hospital Gazette, Aug. 10-17, 
 
 1903 
 
 J. M. Anders: Phila. Medical Journal, May 12, 1900. 
 T. McC; Anderson: London lancet, June 16, 1900. 
 Fethisehky: Vottr&ge zur Tuberculoeis-Bekdmpfung, Leipsic,. 
 
 1900. 
 F. E. Twining: Occidental Medical Times, Apr., 1901. 
 Delepine: London Lancet, Aug. 24, 1901. 
 
 Casey M. Wood: Journal Amer. Med. Association, Apr. 19, 1902 . 
 Arthur Latham: London Lancet, Dec. 28, 1901. 
 
 TUMENOL. 
 
 (TumenoI^Sulfonic Acid.) 
 
 Tumenol is derived from bituminous minerar 
 by dry distillation, the resulting procfaict sub- 
 jected to the action of sulfuric acid and 
 alkalies to remove the creasotes, aeid bodies,, 
 and bases, sulfone and sulfonic acid resulting.. 
 These, when treated, yield an oil and a powder. 
 The oil is insoluble in water, but freely so in 
 ether, alcohol, and benzol, while the powder is 
 soluble in water. Tumenol reduces the per- 
 salts of iron to the proto-salts; permanganate 
 of potash to oxid of manganese; corrosive 
 sublimate to calomel, and sulfuric to sulfurous 
 acid. It is, therefore, incompatible with any of 
 these products. 
 
 The three preparations are marked as Tum- 
 enol Paste, Tumenol Oil, and Tumenol Powder. 
 
 The useful properties of Tumenol — largely 
 due to sulfonic acid — are as follows: 
 
 In eczema, when not too violently inflamed, 
 the application of Tumenol rapidly dries it up, 
 forming a hardened epidermis-like layer over 
 the affected area. This action is particularly 
 serviceable in burns of the first and second 
 degree. It relieves the itching of not only 
 eczema, but of other parasitic forms of derma- 
 titis, such as prurigo and pruritus, and in 
 fissures of the anus. 
 
 82 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Tumenol is serviceable as a dressing for 
 ulcerations, whether superficial or deep, if not 
 too moist or purulent, and if there is not too 
 great a loss of tissue. 
 
 It has no general action upon the organism, 
 this having been determined by giving it sub- 
 cutaneously to animals for weeks without 
 producing local disturbances, or any appreciable 
 effect upon the well-being of the subject. It 
 has also been given internally to human beings 
 in capsule form without recognizable dis- 
 turbances or unpleasant effects. 
 
 Formula and Mode of Application: Tumenol 
 is used in the form of moist compresses, satur- 
 ated with a 2 to 5 per cent, solution in recurrent 
 eczema of the hands, face, or thighs; in a paste 
 in superficial ulcerations, such as lupus, im- 
 petigo contagiosa, and in pemphigus; in a 
 tincture in the dry and squamous form of 
 eczema, and the multiple erosions due to 
 irritations and scratching. 
 
 Moist and vesiculous eczema can be painted 
 with the undiluted Tumenol oil, while ulcerated 
 surfaces can be dusted with the powder pure 
 or mixed with a zinc dusting powder, or an oint- 
 ment as below. Aqueous solutions of the 
 powder are used 2 to 5 per cent, for saturating 
 compresses. 
 
 Tumenol tincture is prepared as follows: 
 
 9 Tumenol 3 i. 
 
 Ether sulfuric, 
 
 Spirit, vini rectific, 
 
 Aqua destil. aut glycerin aa 3 uj. 
 
 M. 
 
 The ointment is made thus : 
 
 9 Tumenol 3 i.-ij. 
 
 Zinc oxid., 
 
 Bismuth subnit aa 3 1. 
 
 Ung. axiua rosa, 
 
 TTng. simplic aa 3 uj. 
 
 M. f. ung. 
 
 83 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Ointments are also prepared with lanolin, 
 . lead ointment, or other common bases. 
 
 Paste, 1 Ounce Jars per oz., $0.70. 
 
 Oil, 1 Ounce Bottles, per oz., 0.80. 
 Powder, 1 Ounce Tins per oz., 1.35. 
 
 BIBLIOGBAPHT ON TXJMElTOIi. 
 
 Neisser: Jourrwl de Medecine de Paris, Dec, 1894. 
 J. V. Shoemaker: Therapeutic Progress, Jan., 1897. 
 
 TXJMENOL- AMMONIUM. 
 
 Tumenol-Ammonium, the latest addition to 
 the Tumenol preparations, is a dark oil which 
 is soluble in water in all proportions with 
 neutral reaction, and which can be incorporated 
 into ointments, tinctures, and pastes. It has 
 proved very successful in the treatment of ec- 
 zema, especially in the relapsing forms where 
 there is much irritation accompanied with 
 rhagadia; in parasitic forms of dermatitis, in 
 prurigo and pruritus. In superficial ulcerations 
 when not secreting too freely and when not 
 purulent, such as noncontagious cutaneous 
 pustular conditions which are apt to follow the 
 severe forms of pediculosis, in rhagadia of the 
 hands, and other eczemas, in scratches and bites 
 of animals, in the treatment of scabies with 
 mild eczema, in ulcus cruris, impetigo contagi- 
 osa, pemphigus, etc. Some working formulas 
 which have been used in numerous derma- 
 tological clinics both in Europe and the United 
 States are given: 
 
 1. ^ Tumenol-Ammonium 5 ss.-i. 
 
 Ether, sulph., 
 Spirit, vim rect., 
 
 Aq. dest aa ad ^ v 
 
 M. 
 
 84 
 
' MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 2. 9 Tumenol-Ammonlum 1 ss.-l. 
 
 Ether, sulpli.. 
 Spirit. Tlni rect.. 
 
 Glycerin aaadlv. 
 
 M 
 
 Both these tinctures dry up easily (the 
 former completely, that containing glycerin to 
 a flexible, fatty surf ace to which dusting powder 
 easily adheres) and serve principally for the 
 treatment of dry squamous eczema, compound 
 erosions due to scratching, and pruriginous 
 dermatoses. 
 
 3. 9 Tumenol-Ammoniuin 5 1-i. 
 
 Zinc, oxydat., 
 Amyli pur., 
 Glycerin, 
 
 Aq. dest aa ad5v. 
 
 H. 
 
 4. 9 Tumenol-Ammoiiium 5 H. 
 
 Zinc, oxydat., 
 Amyli pni.. 
 
 Glycerin aa 1 1. 
 
 Aq. dest., 
 
 Spirit, vini aa 51. 
 
 M. T>. S. Shake thoroughly and apply with a soft brush. 
 
 Both these mixtures, of which that contain- 
 ing alcohol dries the more readily, are princi- 
 pally useful in more acute forms of eczema. 
 Instead of starch, which causes the applica- 
 tion to dry up more quickly and completely, 
 French chalk may be used, which makes it some- 
 what more flexible. 
 
 6. 9 Tumenol-Ammonium S i-i. 
 
 Zinc, oxydat., 
 
 Amyli pur aa 1 1. 
 
 Vaselin flav. 5 "■ 
 
 tl. 
 
 6. 9 Tumenol-Ammonium 5 1-i. 
 
 Zinc, oxydat., _ 
 
 Bismuth, subnit aa St. 
 
 Ungent. simpl i^^- 
 
 M. 
 
 The Tumenol-Ammonium ointment made 
 with zinc and bismuth according to No. 6 is 
 especially intended for use in acute forms of 
 85 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 eczema or in such as are accompanied with 
 severe inflammation, and where ordinary Tum- 
 enol and zinc pastes cause irritation. 
 
 FOR ITCHING DERMATOSES. 
 
 7. 5 Tmnenol-Armnonium I i-i. 
 
 Vaselin flav ad 5 v. 
 
 M. 
 
 FOR SEVERE INFILTRATED OR CHRONIC 
 ECZEMAS. 
 
 8. R Tumenol-Ammomuin 5 1-i- 
 
 Ung. Vaselin plumbic ad | v. 
 
 M. 
 
 9. R Tumenol-Aminoniuin 5 ij. 
 
 Spirit, vim ad 5 vi. 
 
 M. D. S. For addition to baths. 
 
 10. R Tumenol-Ammonium 3 It. 
 
 Anthrarobin 3 i. 
 
 Tinct. Benzoin 5 ij- 
 
 Ether, sulph 5 iss. 
 
 M. (Aming's paint.) 
 
 The baths prepared with the addition of 
 Tumenol-Ammonium, unlike coal-tar baths, 
 cause no folliculitis; the Axning paint is recom- 
 mended for treatment of furuncles with severe 
 inflammation of the adjacent parts, and for 
 patients suffering from general furunculosis 
 and mycotic forms of eczema. 
 
 Ounce Bottles, 
 
 9r oz., $0.35. 
 
 TUSSOL. 
 
 (Antipyrinr-mandelate.) 
 
 Tussol is a fine crystallized substance formed 
 
 by the fusion of basic antipyrin and mandelic 
 
 acid. Besides its antipyretic properties, which 
 
 are derived from the antipyrin component, it 
 
 86 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 possesses a distinctive narcotic action. The 
 crystals dissolve well in water, but milk and 
 alkaline fluids decompose the preparation. 
 
 Rehn, in conjunction with Blum and other 
 medical men, employed Tussol in sixty cases 
 of whooping cough. He states, as a prelim- 
 inary, that a remedy for whooping cough 
 exhibits its relative value in a reduction of the 
 convulsive fits of coughing, to which the other 
 symptoms of the disease — vomiting and loss 
 of appetite — are due. 
 
 He determined in the majority of cases 
 treated with Tussol a permanent decrease of 
 the fits of coughing after six to ten days, whilst 
 in a minority of cases the attacks decreased 
 in number and violence in two or three days. 
 That this reduction was due to the action of 
 the remedy was demonstrated in several cases 
 where, during its discontinuance, the attacks 
 soon gained their previous violence and fre- 
 quency, to be again reduced by a further 
 administration of the remedy. 
 
 In only a single case did Tussol not give 
 satisfactory results and this probably because it 
 was not taken regularly and in too small doses. 
 
 The following dose and mode of administra- 
 tion of Tussol is recommended: For children 
 under one year of age, f to 1^ grains pro dosi, 
 twice daily; for children in the second and third 
 year, 1^ to 4 grains pro dosi, four times daily; 
 from three to five years of age, 4 to 8 grains, 
 three or four times daily; for patients of 
 mature age, 8 grains may be given at a dose. 
 
 The remedy is preferably given in aqueous 
 solutions with orange peel syrup as a corrective 
 and when thus given is easily tolerated. Tussol 
 must never he given in milk nor shortly before or 
 after food containing milk has been taken, 
 87 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Rhen found it very advantageous to give 
 four or five doses from four o'clock in the 
 afternoon onward in order to prevent night 
 attacks. 
 
 1 Ounce Tins, 
 
 per oz., $1.85. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TUSSOL. 
 
 H. Rehn: Milnch. med. Wochenschrift, 1894, Nos. 46 and 52. 
 
 Sonnenberger: Munch, med. Wochenschrift, 1894, No. 52. 
 
 H. Rehn: Miinch. tned. Wochenschrift, 1895, No. 5. 
 
 M. Rothschild-Randegg: Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, No. 1, 1896. 
 
 C. Urban: Wiener med. Blatter, No. 40, 1897. 
 
 J. W. Frieser: Wiener med. Press., 1900, No. 22. 
 
 Fisohl: Prager med. Wochenschrift, No. 23, 1900. 
 
 Gemsheim: Der Kinderarzt, Heft 3, 1903. 
 
 VALYL-HOECHST. 
 
 (Valeryl^diethyUamide.) 
 
 The natural valerian preparations, which 
 formerly were held by medical men in high 
 esteem as nerve tonics, have of late years lost 
 much of their reputation, mainly because of 
 their unreliable action, which is due to the very 
 varying quantity of the active principles in 
 valerian. 
 
 Prof. Kionka, of the Pharmacological In- 
 stitute, Breslau University, has demonstrated 
 that the active principles contained in the fresh 
 root are very changeable and prone to decom- 
 position, even in drying and storing. The 
 infusion prepared from the fresh drug can lose 
 the whole of its virtue on standing a few days, 
 and other preparations of the root, oil, tincture, 
 extracts, etc., are extremely inconstant and 
 therefore unreliable in action. These experi- 
 mental investigations have indeed proved that 
 88 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 the statements and complaints of medical men 
 with reference to the unreliable action of 
 valerian root and its preparations are well 
 founded and justifiable. It appeared to us, 
 therefore, as a requirement of modern medicine 
 that a chemical substance should be found 
 possessing, if possible in an accentuated degree, 
 all pharmacological properties of valerian. 
 This desideratum, possessing also complete 
 freedom from unpleasant by-effects, has been 
 found in valeryl-diethyl-amide, which is brought 
 into commerce imder the name of "Valyl- 
 Hoechst." 
 
 In order to preserve it from oxidizing effects 
 of the air we supply Valyl-Hoechst in the form 
 of gelatin capsules only, put up in bottles con- 
 taining 50 capsules. 
 
 Dosage: Each Valyl capsule contains 2 grains 
 of Valyl-Hoechst. The average dose is two or 
 three capsules two or three times daily. 
 
 Valyl capsules should be taken during or 
 directly after meals, or else with some milk, 
 but not on an empty stomach. 
 
 Indications: Thorough clinical trials by rec- 
 ognized authorities have proved Valyl-Hoechst, 
 which possesses the tj^ical "valerian action" 
 to a marked degree even in comparatively 
 small doses, to be a nerve tonic acting on 
 the vasomotor system and administered wth 
 success in 
 
 1. Hysteria, even in severe forms, and in 
 hysteria virilis; 
 
 2. Neurasthenia and hypochondriasis; 
 
 3. Traumatic neurosis and nervous cardiac 
 affections; 
 
 4. Hemicrania and neuralgia; 
 
 5. Menstrual disturbances; 
 
 (The excessive hemorrhage and abdominal 
 89 
 
MODERN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 pains in menstrual disturbances, and particularly 
 the accompanjang headache, are promptly 
 relieved.) 
 
 6. Climacteric troubles and pregnancy. The 
 sudden sensation of heat, rushes of blood and 
 palpitations of the heart even in patients with 
 normal menstruation are stayed by Valyl- 
 Hoechst; 
 
 7. Sleeplessness from nervous disorder. 
 
 Bottles Containing 50 Capsules, 
 perbot., $1.20. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OIT VALYL-HOECHST. 
 
 Kionka and Liebrecht: On a new Valerian Preparation (Val- 
 eryl-diethyl-amide). Deutsche med. Wochenachrift, No. 
 49, 1901. 
 
 Kleinperer: Valyl, a Commendable Valerian Preparation. 
 Therapie der Gegenwart, Jan., 1902. 
 
 Freudenberg: Valyl. Der Frauenarzt, May 16, 1902. 
 
 90 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Albargin 9 
 
 Alumnol 11 
 
 Anesthesia 12 
 
 Antipyrin " Knorr" I7 
 
 Argonin 19 
 
 Atoxyl 22 
 
 Benzosol 24 
 
 Dermatol 26 
 
 Diphtheria Antitoxin "Behring" 27 
 
 Ferripyrin 29 
 
 Gujasanol 30 
 
 Holocain 32 
 
 Hypnal 34 
 
 Isofoim 37 
 
 Lanolin " Liebreich" 40 
 
 Lysidin 42 
 
 Migrainia "Hoechst" 43 
 
 Novocain 44 
 
 Nutrose 51 
 
 Orthoform 53 
 
 Orthofonn Hydrochlorid 55 
 
 Oxaphor (Oxycamphor) 56 
 
 Pegnia 59 
 
 Pyramidon 63 
 
 91 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pyramidon Camphorate, Acid 65 
 
 Pyramidon Camphorate, Neutral 65 
 
 Pyramidon Salicylate 67 
 
 Rodagen 68 
 
 Sidonal 69 
 
 Sidonal New 70 
 
 Tuberculin "Koch" 72 
 
 Tuberculin New "Koch" 77 
 
 Tuberculin New Koch Bacilli Emulsion 79 
 
 Tubercle BacilU 80 
 
 Tumenol 82 
 
 Tumenol-Ammonium 84 
 
 Tussol 86 
 
 Valyl 88 
 
 92