Darnell Mmucraity SIthrarg 
 
 SHjara, Nem fork 
 
 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 
 COLLECTION 
 
 CHINA AND THE CHINESE 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 CLASS OF 1876 
 1918 
 
"<5 when this vp'"-tje was ta.'->.i, 
 
 A "iBBa^ of 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022972974 
 
THE RIGHT REV. WILLIAM JONES BOONE, D.D., 
 
 Missionary Bishop of Shanghai. 
 
 Consecrated October 28th, 1884. Died October 5th, 1891. 
 
[THIRD EDITION.] 
 
 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CHINA MISSION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 From the first appointments In 1834 to Include the year 1892. 
 
 REPRINTED FROM CORRECTED PLATES. 
 
 LIST OF MISSIONARIES, REVISED TO DECEMBER, 1892. 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal 
 
 Church in the United States of America. 
 
 1893. 
 

 \HaGG 
 
AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 CHINS MISSION 
 
 Pretestant ftpiscspal d\\am\[ in the U. S. A. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE precise date of the first introduction of Christianity into 
 China cannot be determined with certainty. Ancient writers assert 
 that St. Thomas, the Apostle, after laboring for the establishment 
 of the Christian faith in India, passed over to a country on the 
 ■east, called China, where he preached the Gospel and founded 
 a church in the city of Cambaluc (Peking), after which he returned 
 to Malabar. In the Chaldee ritual there is an office for the celebra- 
 tion of St. Thomas, which says that " by him the Persians, Hin- 
 doos, and Chinese were converted to the Christian faith." This 
 tradition receives some confirmation from Chinese writings which 
 must have been based upon oral allusions to Gospel history. 
 
 Ancienf records state that toward the end of the seventh 
 century the Nestoiians penetrated into China, where they estab- 
 lished several churches; and that A.D. 820, David was appointed 
 to be the Metropolitan of China. In the time of Genghis-khan 
 numerous bodies of Nesiorian Christians were scattered over Tar- 
 tary; and the famous Prester John, in the twelfth century exerted 
 an extensive influence ovei central Asia. When the Mongol 
 princes ascended the throne of China, a.d. 1280, they afforded 
 toleration to all religions, which enabled the Nestorians to enlarge 
 their field of operations and to estaolLsh a flourishing Church in the 
 north of China. This continued to exist until the beginning of the 
 fifteenth century, but shortly afterward Nestorianism appears to 
 have dwindled away in that country. 
 
But little is known as to the causes for the decadence of 
 their Missionary efforts, and the only existing relic which records 
 their story is the famous marble tablet which was exhumed in 
 1625 at Si-ngan fu, in the province of Shenshi. This stone is 
 ten feet long and five feet wide, bearing an inscription six feet two 
 inches in length by two feet eleven inches in width, surmounted by 
 a cross resembling that used by the Syrians in Malabar. The 
 inscription is in the Chinese and Syriac languages, describing 
 the principal doctrines of the Gospel, and the history of its 
 introduction into China. The Rev. W. H. Medhurst, of the Lon- 
 don Missionary Society, in his work on China, published in 1838, 
 says: 
 
 " The Chinese inscription is entitled, ' A tablet recording the introduc- 
 tion of the religion of the Ta-tsin country into China.' It commences 
 with stating the existence of the living and true God — the creation of the 
 world — the fall of man — and the mission of Jesus Christ. The miracu- 
 lous birth and excellent teaching of the Saviour are briefly described. 
 His ascension is spoken of; the institution of Baptism is mentioned, and 
 the Cross declared to be effectual for the salvation of all mankind. The 
 inscription goes on to state that in the reign of Tang Tae-tsung, a.d. 636, 
 a Christian teacher came from Ta-tsin to China, where the emperor, after 
 examining his doctrines, published an edict authorizing the preaching of 
 Christianity among the people. The next emperor continued his patron- 
 age, but the Buddhist priests, apprehensive lest the new sect should eclipse 
 and prejudice their own, endeavored to stop its course; a persecution fol- 
 lowed, which at first diminished the number of the faithful; but after a 
 time two able advocates were raised up, who brought the new religion 
 again into notice. The emperor Suh-tsung founded several Christian 
 churches, and in order to perpetuate the memory of his good deeds, the 
 tablet in question was erected a.d. 782. 
 
 "The authenticity of the inscription has been doubted, and it has been 
 pronounced a trick of the Jesuits to induce the Chinese to credit the 
 Christian religion; but that this was not the case maybe inferred from the 
 fact that neither the Chinese nor the Jesuits understood the Syrian part of 
 the inscription until it was translated in Malabar. Besides, were it a pious 
 fraud, the Jesuits would have been more likely to ascribe the introduction 
 of Christianity to the efforts of the Latin, rather than the Syrian Chuich; 
 and, had they made any pretensions of the kind, the other orders of the 
 Romish Clergy would have exposed their hypocrisy. It may be concluded, 
 therefore, that the inscription is a genuine record of the labors of the 
 Syrian Christians, during the seventh and eighth centuries, in China. A 
 fac-simile of it may be seen in the library of the Vatican at Rome, and a 
 full translation in Kircher's ' China Illustrata.' " 
 
 Early in the fourteenth century Roman Catholic priests were 
 sent to China, but their efforts were productive of little result, 
 and toward the close of the century the Mahomedans gained the 
 ascendancy and expelled the Christians. 
 
No further attempt to convert the Chinese was made until 1511, 
 when the Portuguese gained a foothold; but the effort was fruit- 
 less, owing to the jealousy of the Chinese government. In 1552 
 Francis Xavier, after long missionary labor in India, proceeded 
 to China and landed on the island of Sancian, or St. .John's, at the 
 mouth of the Canton river, where his death soon occurred, and 
 where his tomb was erected, bearing the following inscription 
 in Chinese: " The monument of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society 
 of Jesus, in the great West, who ascended to glory in the winter of 
 the thirty-first year of Ming Kea-tsung, A.D. 1553." 
 
 During the next two centuries the Roman Catholics continued 
 their efforts, alternately favored and persecuted by successive 
 rulers, but gradually gaining ground until, in 1723, they claimed 
 to have made three hundred thousand converts. In that year the 
 emperor Yung-ching decreed the banishment of the missionaries to 
 Macao, and three hundred churches were destroyed. Some of the 
 priests returned by stealth, and when Keen-lung ascended the 
 throne in 1736, he put one to death, seized and tortured many 
 others, and confiscated all church property that could be found. 
 During the present century the Romish religion has several times 
 aroused the hostility of the government, but still maintains con- 
 siderable influence among the lower classes of Chinese. 
 
 Protestant Christians attempted nothing for the evangelization 
 of China until the commencement of the present century. The 
 first Protestant Missionary to China was the Rev. Robert Morrison, 
 of Morpeth, England, who was appointed by the London Mission- 
 ary Society in 1806. In January, 1807, he sailed for Canton by 
 way of New York, reaching Macao in September. Proceeding 
 to Canton, he commenced the study of Chinese, and in the course 
 of his long and arduous labors translated many religious and 
 educational works into that language. His devotion to the cause 
 of Christ was productive of important results, and his death in 
 1834 was sincerely mourned in Christian and in heathen lands. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 1 834-1 843. 
 
 The cause of Missions in China, which under the guidance 
 of the Church has assumed such important proportions and is 
 fraught with so much of cheering promise, was indebted for its 
 initial impulse to the devoted zeal of the Rev. Augustus Foster 
 Lyde, who, though prevented by his early death from carrying 
 into effect the one great longing of his life — to bear the Gospel 
 tidings to the Chinese — inspired others with an enthusiasm that 
 has, with God's blessing, been the means of kindling in that most 
 ancient of nations a light that is destined to brighten and broaden 
 until her swarming millions shall be brought to a knowledge of 
 the Saviour. 
 
 Mr. Lyde was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, February 
 4th, 1813. His childhood was marked by a strong religious ten- 
 dency, and when, at the age of seventeen, he graduated with the 
 highest honors from Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, 
 Conn., it was with the avowed determination to devote himself 
 to the Ministry. He commenced his theological course in the 
 General Seminary in 1831, and at the close of the three years' term 
 of study was admitted to the Diaconate by Bishop Brownell, in St. 
 Thomas' Church, New York. It was his intention to offer himself 
 as a Missionary to China, but his ardent hope was not destined 
 to reach fruition. His intense devotion to study hastened the 
 development of the seeds of consumption, and after a brief illness 
 he died in Philadelphia, November 19th, 1834, at the age of twenty- 
 one. His remains lie in the churchyard of St. Peter's. The feel- 
 ings awakened by his early death were well expressed by Bishop 
 Vail, of Kansas, in the following words : 
 
 " An event, however, like this, is a mystery too deep to be fathomed by 
 the plummet of human reason. It is an event which the friends of our 
 departed brother and the friends of the Church must of necessity mourn, 
 though one which cannot fail to bend a submissive heart most humbly 
 to the will of God. The sun of his earthly existence rose with amaz- 
 ing rapidity and brightness, but it has suddenly sunk into the midnight of 
 the grave. No unsanctified reasoning can solve the question why a young 
 man, with faculties so naturally powerful and so matured, should be taken 
 
 6 
 
from the world when just prepared to enter it with honor and pre-eminent 
 usefulness. But there is to be found in faith a philosophy, which, if truly 
 possessed, will hush at once every secret murmuring, and will readily 
 reconcile the event to our minds, by a living dependence upon the wisdom 
 and the goodness of the providence of God." 
 
 The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society was organized in 
 October, 1821, and at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors, 
 held at the Society's room, Philadelphia, May 13th, 1834, Mr. E. A. 
 Newton offered a resolution to the effect that the Board should 
 establish a Mission in China, Cochin China, Siam ; or Burmah. On 
 the following day the resolution was called up for consideration, 
 when the Rev. James Milnor, D.D., moved, as an amendment, the 
 omission of all the names of places therein, except China, which 
 was carried. The resolution as amended was then adopted, and 
 the Executive Committee were instructed to carry it into effect. 
 Their. action was prompt, and on the 14th of July following, the 
 Rev. Henry Lockwood, a graduate of the General Theological 
 Seminary, New York, was appointed a Missionary to China. At 
 the request of the Committee, Mr. Lockwood immediately entered 
 upon a course of medical studies, preparatory to his departure. 
 
 The efforts of the Committee to obtain another Missionary were 
 ineffectual until February, 1835, when the Rev. Francis R. Hanson, 
 Rector of Christ Church, Prince George's county, Md., offered his 
 services, which were accepted on the 23d of March. On the even- 
 ing of the 31st of May a farewell Missionary meeting was held in 
 St. Stephen's Church, Philadelphia, at which Bishop White pre- 
 sided, and read to the Missionaries the letter of instructions which, 
 at the request of the Executive Committee, he had prepared. 
 There was also a similar meeting at St. Thomas' Church, New 
 York, on the evening of June 1st. On the 2d of June Messrs. Lock- 
 wood and Hanson sailed from New York on the ship " Morrison, 1 ' 
 bound to Canton, a free passage having been provided for them by 
 the owners, Messrs. Talbot, Olyphant & Co. 
 
 At this period the amount of the China Mission Fund was a 
 little over $1,000, and a few liberal individuals in New York had 
 contributed sufficient to meet all the expenses of the Mission 
 for at least one year. There had also been received from the 
 American Bible Society three hundred English Bibles for distri- 
 bution in China, and $1,000 for the purchase of the Scriptures in 
 the Chinese language; and from the Female Bible Society of Phila- 
 
8 
 
 delphia, $100 for the purchase of Bibles to be distributed by our 
 Missionaries. Thus was inaugurated the work of the Church in 
 that distant land, whose spiritual desolation awakened an interest 
 that is year by year producing more and more satisfactory results. 
 . After a pleasant voyage the Missionaries reached Canton on 
 the 4th of October, and were warmly welcomed by the few resident 
 Americans. It soon became evident, however, . that many dis- 
 advantages would attend the attempt to establish a Mission in 
 that city; intercourse with the natives was extremely difficult, 
 foreigners were closely watched, and no Chinese, even if inclined, 
 dared to cultivate acquaintance with the fan Kidei, or "foreign 
 devils,'' as the Missionaries were called. Moreover, the expense 
 of living at Canton was very great. Acting upon the best attain- 
 able advice, the Missionaries decided to go to Singapore, the near- 
 est settlement to China under English control, and therefore 
 preferable to any Dutch or Spanish settlement, even though nearer; 
 their system of exclusion being scarcely less strict than that of the 
 Chinese. It seemed to present greater facilities for prosecuting 
 the study of the language, and the expenses would be less than 
 half those at Canton. 
 
 Further investigation, however, satisfied Messrs. Lockwood and 
 Hanson that Batavia, the capital of the island of Java, offered still 
 greater advantages, and accordingly they sailed from Singapore on 
 the 1 2th of December and reached Batavia on the 22d of the same 
 month. Here they found an immense and favorable field of mis- 
 sionary labor among the Chinese and Malay population, besides 
 frequent opportunities for usefulness among the American and 
 English residents. No obstacles were thrown in the way of inter- 
 course with all classes of people, and ample facilities were pre- 
 sented for learning the Chinese and Malay languages, to the 
 acquisition of both of which the Missionaries at once devoted their 
 best efforts. The necessity for acquiring familiarity with the 
 Chinese tongue, before attempting to pursue their original plan 
 of missionary labor in China, was so evident, and so strongly 
 supported by the experience of former Missionaries of English and 
 other societies, that Messrs. Lockwood and Hanson decided to 
 prolong their stay in Batavia until they could enter with effective- 
 ness upon the scene of their future labors. Meanwhile they util- 
 ized the interval by the establishment of schools among the 
 Chinese and the natives, and the conduct of public worship among 
 the foreign residents. The necessity for this seeming delay was 
 
well explained in the following extract from a letter from the Rev. 
 Mr. Hanson: 
 
 " He who would preach the Gospel successfully in China must qualify 
 himself for it in the same way in which he would prepare himself to 
 preach the Gospel among the civilized nations. He must not only acquire 
 a knowledge of the language, but he must become acquainted with their 
 philosophy, modes of thought, and civil, religious, social, and domestic 
 institutions. While knowledge continues to be acquired only by slow and 
 painful steps, this will consume time. If in two or three years we acquire 
 a sufficient knowledge of the language and customs of the Chinese to 
 justify our return to China, it will be quite as much as can reasonably 
 be anticipated, and more, I fear, than will be realized." 
 
 On the 17th of February, 1836, the Rev. Henry Lockwood was 
 united in marriage with Miss Sarah Sophia Medhurst, daughter of 
 the Rev. W. H. Medhurst, of the London Missionary Society. The 
 brightness with which her career of usefulness opened was speedily 
 quenched in darkness, her death occurring on the 9th of August 
 following. 
 
 Although, in October of this year, the Foreign Committee 
 expressed their view of the inexpediency of immediately increasing 
 the number of Missionaries to China, they nevertheless made an 
 exception in favor of the Rev. William Jones Boone, M.D., of the Dio- 
 cese of South Carolina, who was appointed on the 17th of January, 
 1837, having previously studied medicine in anticipation of his 
 expected labors. He graduated at South Carolina College in 1829 
 and was admitted to the Bar in 1833. In the proceedings of the 
 Committee it was resolved : 
 
 "That having on the 18th of October last passed a vote, implying 
 in their view, the inexpediency of increasing at present the number of 
 Missionaries to China, they are now induced to make an exception in 
 favor of the Rev. Mr. Boone, whose qualifications for that field are of 
 peculiar character, and whose long and devoted self-consecration to 
 the spread of the Gospel in China gives him a high claim to such an 
 appointment." 
 
 Encouraging reports were received early in this year from 
 Mr. Lockwood, who wrote that the Chinese school at Batavia com- 
 prised about twenty boys and ten girls, who were taught by a native 
 master to read the Chinese classics, and also the New Testament, 
 and a book containing simple lessons of Christian truth, written by 
 Mr. Medhurst. The singing of devotional hymns was also intro- 
 duced with good effect. 
 
 Thus far the operations of our Missionaries had been rather 
 of the nature of preliminary observation, than that of actual assault 
 
10 
 
 upon the forces of heathendom, but the situation was well expressed 
 in the following language from a correspondent: 
 
 "China may not yet be open for the actual entrance of our Mission- 
 aries, but it will do no hurt to build a wall of light around her. Then, as 
 the old wall tumbles down, there will be a bright shining through every 
 breach, and Truth will make her inway even before her heralds." 
 
 Some apprehension was created at this time by an edict pub- 
 lished in Canton, "forbidding faith in JESUS, and the propagation 
 of His doctrines, on pain of death," and a proclamation expelling 
 certain foreigners and imposing restrictions regarding the sojourn 
 of others; but there was little expectation that these decrees would 
 be carried into effect. The objects contemplated by the Foreign 
 Committee in connection with the China Mission were, in addition 
 to the attainment of the language, both written and spoken, by the 
 Missionaries, the distribution, and ultimately, if justified, the prep- 
 aration of tracts, including eventually a printing establishment; 
 the founding of Christian schools, and in connection with them, a 
 High School of decidedly religious character, in which native 
 teachers might be trained for the service of the Church; and the 
 benefits derivable from the establishment of a medical dispensary. 
 
 In the language of the Rev. Dr. Boone, just prior to his depart- 
 ure for China: 
 
 " If anything could stimulate a man to spend and be spent in any 
 service, surely here is the stimulus — three hundred and sixty millions of 
 perishing sinners reading one language. Man for man, undoubtedly, the 
 salvation of a North American Indian is as precious as that of a China- 
 man; but as part of the integral mass, it would appear that the conversion 
 of one in China must operate with tenfold more power in hastening the 
 great day when this world shall be reclaimed to God." 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Boone and wife sailed from Boston on the 8th of 
 July, 1837, reaching Batavia on the 22d of October. Soon after 
 this date Mr. Hanson sailed for the United States, via England, 
 his health having become somewhat impaired, and upon reaching 
 New York on the 8th of May, 1838, he decided to sever his connec- 
 tion with the Mission. The difficulty attending the acquisition of 
 the Chinese language was forcibly expressed by Dr. Boone in a 
 letter dated May 17th, 1838: 
 
 " I believe that an individual, with something more than ordinary 
 talent for acquiring languages, with a good ear for distinguishing sounds, 
 provided he has been accustomed to study from early youth, and knows 
 how to apply his mind, may be actively and usefully employed among the 
 Chinese in two or three years; and that he will, from the first, make such 
 
11 
 
 improvement as will encourage him to persevere, with strong hope, by 
 Divine blessing, of finally mastering all opposing difficulties." 
 
 It will be seen from this that the obstacles which our Mission- 
 aries to China had to encounter were of a nature to tax their energy 
 and determination to the utmost, but fortunately they proved 
 adequate to the task which they had undertaken. 
 
 In September of this year Dr. Boone wrote that the school was 
 prospering, with forty pupils who were making encouraging prog- 
 ress, and that he himself was advancing rapidly in the knowledge 
 of both the Malay and Chinese tongues. In his capacity as phy- 
 sician he had prescribed for about one hundred patients with the 
 most gratifying success. 
 
 After an absence of several months, spent in visiting Canton 
 and Macao, Mr. Lockwood returned to Batavia in November, much 
 improved in health, and confirmed in the opinion that as a Mission 
 station Batavia presented superior advantages. In a letter written 
 about this time he said: 
 
 " That China is far from being open to the Gospel is, I believe, now 
 generally understood; and there can be little doubt that there must be 
 difficulty and tardiness in its progress, so long as there are laws by which 
 the life or liberty of every Chinese convert, or abettor of Christianity, is 
 endangered. Still the Church ought not to be discouraged. Some prog- 
 ress has been made. The duty to persevere in the use of every means, 
 however small, is plain. If success be slow, it is certain in the end, 
 because the work is the Lord's and He will be faithful to His promises." 
 
 In their report dated January 30th, 1839, the Rev. Messrs. 
 Lockwood and Boone spoke of the great difficulty of maintaining 
 the school, owing to the fact that the elder scholars were always 
 removed by their parents at the very time when the benefits of 
 instruction began to be most evident; the girls to be shut up at 
 home, according to the Chinese custom which secludes them until 
 after marriage; the boys to assist their fathers in gaining money — 
 the engrossing desire of the Chinese. The only remedy lay in 
 obtaining absolute surrender of the children and assuming their 
 entire support, and a boys' school was commenced on this plan 
 under encouraging auspices. Lack of means prevented the recep- 
 tion of more than sixteen pupils, although many more could have 
 been secured. These were formally given up by their parents for 
 five years, to be educated in the Chinese and English languages 
 and the Christian religion, with the option of keeping them longer, 
 if desirable. The expense of boarding, clothing, etc, was about 
 thirty dollars per annum for each boy. 
 
12 
 
 Mr. Lockwood's failing health compelled him to seek its restor- 
 ation by a return to the United States, and accordingly he sailed 
 from Batavia on the 6th of April, via England, reaching New York 
 on the 5th of September. He did not, however, regain sufficient 
 strength to warrant his return to the field, and therefore retired 
 from the Mission. 
 
 Dr. Boone's report dated January 31st, 1840, mentioned the 
 encouraging progress made in the schools, and the probability that 
 many of the pupils would eventually become teachers and preachers 
 of the truth, but at the same time deplored the inadequacy of the 
 Mission force, and concluded with an earnest appeal to the Church 
 to send more laborers into the field. In the following September 
 Dr. and Mrs. Boone sailed from Batavia for Singapore and Macao, 
 the change to a colder climate being rendered imperative 
 by the enfeebled condition of Dr. Boone's health. An absence 
 of six months was contemplated, and arrangements were made with 
 other Missionaries to continue the instruction of the pupils in the 
 schools at Batavia. Early in 1841, however, the importance of 
 removing the Mission to Macao became evident, and in May the 
 Foreign Committee passed resolutions approving the transfer. In 
 September Dr. Boone wrote that he hoped soon to remove to 
 Amoy, which he pronounced " the post in the whole Empire that 
 we should prefer to occupy, as it is the dialect of that place that I 
 study, and, irrespective of that, it is one of the most desirable Mis- 
 sionary stations in the Empire." This object was accomplished in 
 February, 1842, and the Mission was established at Kulang-see, a 
 small island half a mile from the city of Amoy. 
 
 The juncture was most favorable for missionary operations; the 
 war between England and China had just terminated, and by 
 the treaty of peace the ports of Canton, Amoy, Foo-chow-foo, 
 Ningpo, and Shanghai were thrown open to British trade; inter- 
 course with the natives was greatly facilitated, and the obstacles 
 in the way of Christian teaching were materially lessened, but alas! 
 the Church had but one representative in this vast Empire, and his 
 earnest appeals for aid seemed to awaken no response. 
 
 On the 30th of August, 1842, Mrs. Boone died, after a brief 
 illness. She had devoted herself with ardor and signal success to 
 the instruction of Chinese youth, and was held in the most affec- 
 tionate estimation by all who came within the sphere of her Chris- 
 tian influence. 
 
 Dr. Boone continued his missionary labors, preaching on Sun- 
 
13 
 
 days to congregations of Chinese, averaging from sixty to seventy 
 in number; distributing translations of the Scriptures, acting as 
 interpreter, etc., until the spring of 1843, when he returned to 
 the United States for the purpose of placing his children under 
 proper care, and also with a view to awakening interest in the 
 subject of the China Mission. His efforts in this direction were 
 continued for more than a year and resulted in securing a number 
 of Missionaries and the pledge of a liberal sum for their support. 
 
 On the 14th of November, 1843, Miss Eliza J. Gillett of New 
 York, was appointed a Missionary teacher. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 1 844- 1 849. 
 
 At the meeting of the General Convention in October, 1844, 
 the Rev. William J. Boone, M.D., was elected Missionary Bishop to 
 China. He was consecrated in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, 
 on the 26th of October, by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D.D., of 
 Ohio; the Rt. Rev. William Meade, D.D., of Virginia, and the Rt. 
 Rev. Stephen Elliott, D.D., of Georgia, acting as presenters. There 
 were also present Bishops Doane, Otey, Kemper, Polk, Whitting- 
 ham, Lee, Johns, and Henshaw; together with a large number of 
 clergymen. The sermon was preached by Bishop Elliott. 
 
 In November the following named Missionaries were appointed: 
 the Rev. Henry W. Woods, the Rev. Richardson Graham, the Rev. 
 Edward W. Syle, of the Diocese of Virginia; Miss Emma G. Jones 
 of Mobile, and Miss Mary J. Morse of Boston. On the 15th of 
 November, at St. George's Church, New York, by permission of the 
 Bishop of the Diocese, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Meade, of Virginia, 
 advanced the Rev. Messrs. Woods and Graham to the Priesthood. 
 
 During his visit to the United States Bishop Boone was united 
 in marriage with a sister of Bishop Elliott, of Georgia. 
 
 On the evening of Sunday, December 8th, a farewell meeting 
 was held at St. George's Church, New York, prior to the departure 
 of the Missionaries. On the 14th of December the party, compris- 
 ing Bishop Boone and wife, the Rev. Mr. Woods and wife, the Rev. 
 Mr. Graham and wife, Miss Gillett, Miss Emma G. Jones and Miss 
 Morse, sailed from New York, reaching Hong Kong on the 24th 
 of April, 1845. The Rev. Mr. Syle and wife sailed from Boston 
 May 28th, and arrived at Hong Kong on the 4th of October follow- 
 ing. The support of Mr. Syle for five years had been pledged by 
 St. John's Church, Providence, R. I. 
 
 The arrival of the Missionaries was at an auspicious period, 
 there having been recently issued an imperial edict permitting 
 foreigners to teach the Christian religion at the five open ports, 
 and allowing the natives to profess it in any part of the Empire. 
 This important concession was obtained through the efforts of M. 
 Lagren6, the French ambassador. It was soon followed, how- 
 
 14 
 
15 
 
 ever, by a second edict, obtained through the influence of the 
 Romanists, which excluded Protestants from all participation in 
 the toleration granted. Bishop Boone immediately wrote to the 
 American Minister, the Hon. Alexander H. Everett, requesting his 
 interposition. As Mr. Everett had not arrived at Canton, His Excel- 
 lency, Sir John F. Davis, the British Governor of Hong Kong, at 
 once brought the matter to the notice of Ke Ying, the Chinese 
 Imperial Commissioner, who soon issued a third edict granting to 
 all the Chinese complete toleration in the profession and practice 
 of the Christian religion. The liberal policy of the Chinese govern- 
 ment was well expressed in the following words: " All those who 
 do not make a pretext of religion to do evil, are exempted from 
 prohibition." In the language of Bishop Boone: " How many 
 nations of Europe, even at this day, may blush to contrast their 
 own policy with the noble stand for liberty of conscience now 
 taken by China!" 
 
 After a brief sojourn in Hong Kong the Bishop and his party 
 proceeded to Shanghai, arriving there on the 17th of June, 1845. 
 Mr. Syle and his wife joined them on the 19th of November follow- 
 ing. The good judgment of the Foreign Committee in selecting 
 Shanghai as the chief seat of the Mission was fully confirmed by 
 the Bishop's investigation of its advantages, and it still remains the 
 principal centre of our missionary operations in China. 
 
 Shanghai is situated in the southern part of the Province of 
 Kiang-soo in latitude 31 12' north, and longitude 121 28' east. 
 Its location is on the Woo-sung (or Wong-po) river, 160 miles 
 southeast of Nanking, twelve miles above the mouth of the Woo- 
 sung, in the estuary of the Yang-tse-kiang. The population is 
 about 250,000. The city stands on a level, highly cultivated 
 plain, and is enclosed by a wall about five miles in circuit, outside of 
 which are several populous suburbs. The streets are narrow and 
 filthy. It is an important entrep6t of commerce between the 
 northern and southern provinces of the Empire, has a very exten- 
 sive coasting trade, and exports large quantities of merchandise to 
 foreign countries. Outside the wall, on the left bank of the river, 
 is a section three miles long and one mile wide, divided into the 
 British, French, and American Concessions. There are steamship 
 lines running to all the open ports of China and Japan; also to 
 India, the United States, and Europe. Three daily, two weekly, 
 and two fortnightly papers are published in English, and four tri- 
 weeklies in Chinese. The climate is generally healthful and is 
 
1G 
 
 usually considered agreeable by foreigners. The summers are hot, 
 the thermometer sometimes indicating as high as ioo° F. in the 
 shade, but the heated term is of brief duration. The winters are 
 cold and bracing, the thermometer frequently ranging from 15 to 
 20° F. for several successive weeks. 
 
 The first efforts of the Missionaries were devoted to the acqui- 
 sition of the Chinese language, studying under the direction of the 
 Bishop, and reciting to him daily. A school for Chinese boys was 
 established, and ten pupils entered for the term of ten years. Many 
 more offered, but only the most promising were selected, as the 
 Mission accommodations were necessarily limited. Soon after Miss 
 Gillett's arrival in China, her connection with the Mission was 
 terminated by her marriage with the Rev. Dr. Bridgman, of the 
 American Board. In November, 1845, the Rev. Mr. Woods was 
 compelled to retire from the Mission, owing to impaired health, and 
 with his wife returned to this country. 
 
 When Bishop Boone came to the United States in 1843, ne was 
 accompanied by a Chinese lad, Kong Chai Wong (now the ven- 
 erable senior Presbyter of the Mission), who, during the return 
 voyage to China, embraced the Christian religion and was bap- 
 tized at Shanghai on Easter Day, 1846. The occasion was one 
 of deep interest, being the first ceremonial of the kind performed 
 in the Mission. After the baptism the Bishop made a short address 
 and offered prayer in Chinese, it being the first time that he ventured 
 to make such use of the language. 
 
 During the year the Bishop, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Graham 
 and Syle, devoted much time to a revised edition of the New Testa- 
 ment in Chinese, the labor upon which was divided among the 
 Protestant Missionaries in Hong Kong, Canton, Amoy, Ningpo. 
 Foo-Chow, Shanghai, and Bangkok. He also prepared a Cate- 
 chism for the use of candidates for Baptism, and made translations 
 of the Morning Service of the Prayer Book, the Service for the 
 Baptism of adults, and the Confirmation and Communion Services. 
 His sermons were first prepared in English and then translated 
 into Chinese. 
 
 Toward the close of the year a house was secured for school and 
 chapel purposes, the lower hall seating two hundred and fifty per- 
 sons. Services in Chinese were held every Sunday, and the attend- 
 ance in point of numbers was very encouraging. The Bishop made 
 an earnest appeal for more Missionaries, for a layman to take charge 
 of the school, for a physician to have the care of the Mission and 
 
17 
 
 extend medical aid to the Chinese, and for funds sufficient to erect 
 a church capable of holding one thousand persons. 
 
 In January, 1847, the Rev. Phineas D. Spalding was appointed 
 a Missionary. He sailed from Boston on the nth of March and 
 reached Shanghai on the 28th of August. On the 16th of January 
 the Rev. Mr. Graham retired from the Mission on account of 
 impaired health, and with his wife embarked for the United States. 
 In April the Bishop wrote that at Hong Kong, by request of the 
 Rev. Dr. Stanton, British Chaplain, he had confirmed sixteen 
 persons. At Shanghai he had baptized five infants and one adult. 
 The Lord's Supper was administered on the first Sunday of every 
 month, the number of communicants being seventeen. The school 
 was prospering, with thirty-two pupils. The Bishop's health was 
 precarious, and his physicians strongly advised a respite from his 
 arduous labors, which, however, he could not be prevailed upon to 
 take. 
 
 Nothing of special moment occurred in the Mission during the 
 remainder of this year. Mr. Spalding made encouraging progress 
 in the language, and Mr. Syle had so far mastered it as to preach 
 to the native congregations in the Mission chapel, the Bishop hav- 
 ing been obliged by continued illness to relinquish that portion of 
 his labors. On Christmas Day the Holy Communion was adminis- 
 tered at the Bishop's residence, by the Rev. Mr. Syle, to seventeen 
 persons. 
 
 The Bishop's appeal for building funds met with a liberal 
 response, and through private contributions about fourteen thou- 
 sand dollars were raised for the erection of a substantial Mission 
 church, spacious school buildings, and several dwellings for the use of 
 the Missionaries. The school-house was completed in August, 1848, 
 and negotiations were in progress for a suitable lot on which to 
 erect a church. About this time the Rev. Mr. Syle wrote: 
 
 "And now what do we want? As I said, teachers and preachers. If 
 one of our number fails in health, either his or her duties must devolve 
 on some others already occupied to the extent of their time and powers 
 and thus our good work has been often given up, and a post of most 
 promising usefulness deserted for a time, and we with sorrow have to 
 retrace our steps. We cannot enlarge our boys' school, because we have 
 no teacher. If we desire to begin a girls' school, for which the people 
 here are now prepared, we cannot do it, because we have no teachers; if 
 we desire, in spite of our small numbers, to make a humble beginning 
 with a few little girls (a work .Miss Jones' heart has been yearning for, the 
 last three years), we cannot do it, because there is no one sent out as a 
 principal of the boys' school, and Miss Jones cannot retire from the super- 
 
18 
 
 intendence. We wish to use the old school-house as a hospital and dis- 
 pensary, for the hundreds who would flock to such a place, but we cannot 
 attempt this — we have no physician. The Romanists are sending Sisters 
 of Charity to Ningpo; the Independents, Baptists, Presbyterians and 
 Congregationalists all have physicians. Two single ladies, unconnected 
 with any organized board, and with no other protection but that of neigh- 
 boring missionary families, are doing a good work at Ningpo by maintain- 
 ing a girls' school, whilst we find it impossible to persuade our brothers 
 and sisters at home that there is a call for their services, although we have 
 a Bishop who deservedly possesses the confidence of the Church at 
 home." 
 
 On the 22d of October the Bishop baptized Yung Kiung Yen 
 (now Professor in St. John's College and a member of the Standing 
 Committee), a lad about eighteen years of age, who had been a can- 
 didate for three months. In December Mr. Syle wrote that the 
 Bishop's health had improved somewhat, although he was still unable 
 to preach, and the most pressing necessity existed for an increase of 
 the Missionary force. An excellent site for the church had been 
 secured in the very heart of the city, and the Bishop's new house 
 was nearly completed. The confirmation of the Chinese youth 
 above mentioned took place on the 24th of December, at which time 
 there were ten candidates for Baptism under special instruction, 
 and one candidate for Holy Orders. 
 
 In the Bishop's annual report, dated February 13th, 1849, occurs 
 the following interesting statement: 
 
 " We are so fully persuaded that we shall not do all for the Chinese 
 that our positions and their necessities demand of us, if we content our- 
 selves with merely teaching the adults among them, viva voce and by means 
 of books, that we have determined to get as many native schools under 
 our control and direction as possible. For this purpose we offer to 
 Chinese teachers a bonus of one dollar per annum for each boy; in com- 
 pensation for which we claim the right to direct the studies of the boys, 
 to have the Scriptures and our Catechism studied, in addition to the 
 Chinese classics, and to have prayers and other religious exercises when- 
 ever it may suit us to visit the school. Of course there is no attempt to 
 teach the English language in these schools. Last year we had one such 
 school, under the care of Mr. Syle. This year we shall endeavor to in- 
 crease the number; ultimately we shall hope to have two or three under 
 the care and superintendence of each presbyter, as part of his parochial 
 charge, that our blessed Lord's injunction to feed the lambs, as well as 
 the sheep of His flock, may be attended to." 
 
 A sad loss befell the Mission this year in the death of the Rev. 
 Phineas D. Spalding. After suffering for several months with con- 
 sumption, he left Shanghai on the 30th of August, with the inten- 
 tion of returning to the United States. The vessel on which he 
 
19 
 
 sailed — the ship "Coquette" — was never heard of afterward; it is sup- 
 posed that she foundered in the China Sea during a terrible gale in 
 the month of September. Mr. Spalding was a man of fervent piety, 
 sound judgment, steadfastness of purpose, and untiring diligence; 
 qualities which eminently fitted him for the work in which the first 
 fruits of his labors were just being gathered when he was so suddenly 
 called away. 
 
 Near the close of this year the Mission lost the valuable services 
 of Miss Mary J. Morse, whose failing health compelled her to return 
 to this country. For five years she had labored indefatigably and 
 successfully in the Mission school at Shanghai, declining to receive 
 any salary from the Missionary treasury. In the words of Bishop 
 Boone : 
 
 " I believe I may truly say that, with the exception of the lamented 
 Spalding, she labored more abundantly than us all. With all her strength, 
 and beyond her strength, night and day — yea, and with many tears, she 
 labored to instruct her pupils, and toiled at their difficult language that 
 she might acquire greater power of communicating knowledge to them." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 1850-1856. 
 
 The church in Shanghai, the erection of which was commenced 
 on the 16th of March, 1849 (f° r which the means were given by 
 Mr. William Appleton of Boston), was consecrated by the name of 
 Christ Church, on Epiphany Sunday, the 6th of January, 1850. The 
 Services were largely attended and much interest was manifested by 
 the Chinese friends of the Mission. The building was a substantial 
 brick structure, forty by eighty feet in area. The church was 
 placed under the special charge of the Rev. Mr. Syle, the Bishop 
 devoting his attention more particularly to the school chapel. 
 
 Early in 1850 Miss Caroline P. Tenney was appointed a Mission- 
 ary teacher. She sailed in March and reached Shanghai on the 2d 
 of August. On Easter Day, March 31st, the Bishop baptized six 
 converts, one a teacher in the school, one an elderly woman, the 
 others beneficiaries of the school. Their confirmation followed on 
 the 19th of May. In September Miss Lydia M. Fay's appoint- 
 ment was announced, and on the 8th of November she sailed from 
 New York, accompanied by Miss Morse, whose health had mate- 
 rially improved during her sojourn in this country. They reached 
 Shanghai in March of the following year. 
 
 As the result of the Mission work during the year, twelve con- 
 verts were baptized, making the whole number twenty-two, and 
 there were nine candidates for Baptism, The number of pupils in 
 the school had increased to fifty. The new revision of the Gospel 
 of St. Matthew having been published in Chinese, the Rev. Mr. 
 Syle adopted a novel plan in connection with its distribution. In 
 order to attract attention to the books, he had made a wood-cut 
 representing the church, and beneath the picture were words to the 
 following effect: 
 
 " Whoever reads this book and does not understand its meaning, at 
 any hour may come to Christ Church and personally receive explanations. 
 The church is in Shanghai, at the south side of the Hong Bridge. Every 
 Worship Day (Sunday), at 9 and 3 o'clock, The Religion is preached." 
 
 In the spring of 185 1 the following appointments were made: 
 The Rev. Robert Nelson, of Lexington, Va., and the Rev. Cleveland 
 
 20 
 
n 
 
 Keith, of Virginia, as Missionaries; and Mr. John T. Points, of Staun- 
 ton, Va., as Missionary teacher in the boys' school. Accompanied 
 by Mrs. Nelson, they sailed from Boston July 31st, and arrived at 
 Shanghai on Christmas Day. 
 
 It had long been the desire of the Bishop to establish a per- 
 manent school for girls, for which several scholarships had already 
 been founded, but funds were needed for the erection of a school- 
 house, a separate building being indispensable. The Foreign 
 Committee recognized the expediency and necessity of the plan, 
 and took such active measures for its accomplishment that in 
 May the Bishop was enabled to purchase a plot of ground, and on 
 the 20th of August a contract was made for the erection of the 
 building. 
 
 On the 7th of September Kong Chai Wong, who had for some 
 time been officiating as catechist, was ordained Deacon in Christ 
 Church, Shanghai, the strength and sincerity of his Christian profes- 
 sion having been thoroughly tested. About this date Soo-long, who 
 had for several months been engaged as a faithful catechist, was 
 received as a candidate for Holy Orders. The Bishop's health at 
 this period was so greatly enfeebled as to occasion much solicitude, 
 and he was strongly urged to seek recovery in a visit to the United 
 States. On the last day of the year the girls' school was 
 inaugurated, although the building was but partly finished. Miss 
 Jones assumed its charge, commencing with eight pupils. She 
 also had the care of a day-school for little girls. Five day-schools 
 for boys were prospering in different sections of the city, under 
 the direction, respectively, of Messrs. Syle, Keith, Nelson, Points, 
 and Kong Chai Wong. 
 
 Toward the close of the year Miss Morse was finally compelled 
 to sever her connection with the Mission, owing to a return of ill- 
 ness. She arrived in New York on the nth of January, 1852. The 
 health of Mrs. Boone had long been delicate, and she was finally 
 induced to try the recuperative influence of a sea voyage. Accom- 
 panied by her two children she sailed on the 5th of February, and 
 on the 15th of June reached New York. 
 
 On Whitsun-day the Bishop baptized two persons in whom 
 peculiar interest was felt. One was a man over fifty years of age, 
 a literary graduate, of good scholarship, the head teacher of the 
 Mission school. He had been for some months a candidate, and 
 manifested an unusual degree of earnestness in his conviction of the 
 need of a Saviour. The other, a youth of sixteen, had been for 
 
22 
 
 five years a member of the school, and for two years a candidate 
 for Baptism, during which time his conduct had been most 
 exemplary. In July the Rev. J. P. Hubbard was appointed, but 
 soon after, at the suggestion of the Committee, resigned, as the 
 state of his health rendered it improbable that he could continue in 
 the field more than a few months. Miss Catherine E. Jones, of 
 Washington, D. C, was appointed at the same time and sailed from 
 Boston on the 31st of July, reaching Shanghai on the 20th of Jan- 
 uary, 1853. 
 
 Bishop Boone's health continued to fail, and finally he yielded 
 to the advice of his physicians and on the 24th of October left 
 Shanghai, arriving in New York on the 30th of January, 1853. He 
 brought with him Chu Kiung Tong, who had been educated in the 
 Mission school and was a candidate for Holy Orders. The 
 Bishop appointed the Rev. Messrs. Syle, Keith, and Nelson a 
 committee to take charge of such matters as would come before 
 him if he were present. Before his departure the erection of 
 a Mission chapel was commenced, and early in 1853 it was ready 
 for occupancy. Its cost was partially defrayed by a contribution 
 of six- hundred dollars from foreign residents. 
 
 The health of the Rev. Mr. Syle had become so much impaired 
 by unceasing labor as to necessitate a visit to the United States, and 
 on the 16th of February, 1853, accompanied by his wife and two- 
 children, he sailed for New York, arriving May 19th. On the Sun- 
 day before his departure he baptized the first convert from among- 
 the girls in Miss Jones' school. She was the betrothed of the 
 native Deacon, Kong Chai Wong. On the 26th of May Mr. Points 
 left Shanghai for a brief visit to this country on personal affairs, in- 
 tending to return with Bishop Boone in the autumn. 
 
 For many months prior to this date rumors had been current 
 regarding the operations of a band of men in the interior provinces 
 of the southern portion of China, who were said to be arrayed in 
 open opposition to the Imperial government. In June of this 
 year the movement culminated in armed rebellion, spreading 
 gradually until nearly the whole Empire was involved in anarchy 
 and confusion, and continuing with varying fortunes until its final 
 suppression in the spring of 1855. The leader, Hung Siu-tseun, 
 claimed to be a natural, and not merely a spiritual child of GOD, 
 and as such to have dominion over the whole earth. He announced 
 that there was but one country, the Celestial Kingdom; but one 
 dynasty, the Tai-ping, that of the Prince of Peace, whose prime 
 
23 
 
 minister was the HOLY Ghost. The insurgents professed to be 
 Christians and to hold communication with the Heavenly Father. 
 They possessed portions of the Scriptures, and published numerous 
 books and tracts containing their doctrines and precepts, many of 
 which, though mixed with error, were evidently derived from the 
 Word of God. They destroyed idols and professed to observe 
 the Ten Commandments. 
 
 Doubtless their religious ideas were a legacy from the Chris- 
 tianity which prevailed to a considerable extent in China centuries 
 before, and modern enthusiasts were filled with the joyful hope that 
 the movement portended the rapid extension of the true faith 
 throughout the Empire — a hope which was doomed to speedy dis- 
 appointment. Whatever may have been the sincerity of some of 
 his followers, there is no reason to believe that the leader of this 
 remarkable crusade was actuated by any other motive than ambi- 
 tion for political supremacy; and the barbarous excesses and 
 cruelties which marked the progress of the rebellion soon alienated 
 the sympathy of those who fancied they saw in its inception the 
 beginning of a movement that would open wide the barriers to the 
 introduction of the Gospel. 
 
 The rebels captured Nanking and many other important points, 
 threatened Peking with a powerful force, and in September, 1853, 
 Shanghai surrendered to their victorious arms. Soon after, the 
 city was invested by an Imperial army, and for a year and a half it 
 was subjected to all the horrors of a siege. It was repeatedly fired 
 in various places by both the rebels and the imperialists, and after 
 its recapture by the government forces, a great portion was in 
 ruins. Fire had raged all around the Mission church, and even 
 destroyed a house within a few feet of it, yet the sacred edifice 
 stood uninjured, a monument of GOD'S unfailing mercy. 
 
 Although our Missionaries were providentially saved from harm, 
 they were in constant peril and suffered great anxiety and many 
 privations. Faithfully and bravely, however, they remained at the 
 post of duty, and during all the dangers and discouragements of 
 those troublous times there was no interruption in the Services of 
 the Mission chapel, and the regular exercises of the school were 
 maintained as usual. 
 
 During their visit to this country Bishop Boone and the Rev. 
 Mr. Syle presented the claims of the China Mission with great 
 earnestness and much success. In the summer of 1853 Miss Emma 
 J. Wray, of Augusta, Ga., and Miss Jeanette R. Conover, of Phila- 
 
24 
 
 delphia, were appointed to the Mission. On the 14th of October 
 Bishop Boone, with his wife and two children, Mr. Points, Miss 
 Wray, and Miss Conover, sailed for Shanghai, where they arrived 
 on Good Friday, April 14th, 1854. 
 
 But little progress was made in the affairs of the Mission during 
 the year 1854, owing to the continuance of the insurrection, but the 
 schools were well maintained and religious Services were regularly 
 held. On the 27th of April the Rev. Mr. Keith and Miss Tenney 
 were united in marriage. There were but two appointments to 
 the Mission this year — the Rev. Joseph D. Powell, of the Diocese 
 of Virginia, and Dr. M. W. Fish, the latter in the double capacity 
 of physician and teacher. The Bishop made several appeals for 
 further reinforcements, feeling confident that the restoration of 
 tranquillity would afford even more favorable opportunity than ever 
 before for the prosecution of the work. The Rev. Mr. Syle, who 
 since his return to this country in 1853 had been actively engaged 
 in efforts to awaken interest in the China Mission, and also in the 
 establishment of a Mission among the Chinese resident in New 
 York city, accepted an appointment from the Domestic Committee 
 for Mission work among the Chinese in California, and in December 
 left New York for the Pacific coast. It was with reluctance that 
 the Foreign Committee relinquished his services, but they recog- 
 nized the importance of the proposed Mission and his eminent 
 qualifications for the work. 
 
 In January, 1855, there arrived in New York two Chinese youths 
 from the Mission school — Yung Kiung Yen, and Yang He Ting — 
 for the purpose of completing their education. They had been mem- 
 bers of the school for several years, the former being a commu- 
 nicant in the Church. His support was assumed by the Sunday- 
 school of the Church of the Ascension, New York, the Rev. G. 
 T. Bedell, Rector; that of the other by the Sunday-school of St. 
 George's Church, New York, the Rev. Dr. Tyng, Rector. 
 
 With the restoration of peace in the spring of this year came the 
 dawn of more hopeful days. On Easter-Day six persons were 
 confirmed and three baptized in the chapel, and there was a marked 
 increase in the attendance at both places of worship. On the 3d 
 of April Dr. Fish and his wife sailed for Shanghai, where they 
 arrived on the 3d of August. The Doctor immediately made 
 arrangements for opening a hospital and dispensary, but his con- 
 nection with the Mission was brief, as on the 1st of January, 1856, 
 he resigned and accepted an appointment as U. S. Consul at 
 
25 
 
 Shanghai. There were two appointments to the Mission in 1855 — 
 the Rev. John Liggins, and the Rev. Channing Moore Williams. 
 They sailed for Shanghai on the 30th of November, and reached 
 their destination on the 28th of June, 1856. In the fall of 1855, 
 Miss Emma J. Wray retired from the Mission in consequence of ill 
 health and returned to the United States. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Syle having been re-appointed sailed from San 
 Francisco February 26th, 1856, and reached Shanghai on the 
 15th of April following. He at once resumed the charge of 
 Christ Church. On the 10th of February Chu Kiung Tong, who 
 was in this country with Bishop Boone in 1853, was ordained Dea- 
 con. The candidate was presented by the Rev. Mr. Nelson, the 
 Rev. Kong Chai Wong preached the sermon, the Rev. Mr. Keith 
 read the epistle, and the new Deacon the Gospel. The entire 
 Services were in Chinese, and the occasion was very interesting 
 and impressive. 
 
 Mr. J. T. Points, after suffering from illness for several months, 
 was finally compelled to withdraw from the Mission, arriving at 
 home on the 29th of June. His services as teacher had been very 
 valuable, and at the time of his resignation he was a candidate for 
 Holy Orders. Miss Emma G. Jones returned to this country at the 
 same time, her health being impaired by nearly twelve years of 
 Mission labor. It was her hope, however, to return in the course 
 of a year or two. 
 
 The Bishop's annual report for the year presented an encourag- 
 ing account of the Mission; in the boarding-school for boys there 
 were forty pupils; the same number in the girls' boarding-school; 
 there were two day-schools for boys, with fifty pupils; and four 
 day-schools for girls, with about one hundred pupils. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 1857-1862. 
 
 On the nth of January, 1857, Bishop Boone advanced the Rev v 
 John Liggins and the Rev. Channing Moore Williams to the Priest- 
 hood. In February the Rev. Mr. Keith and wife, both suffering 
 from ill health, left Shanghai for a season of rest and recuperation, 
 reaching New York May 1st. The Bishop was also obliged to 
 yield to prolonged sufferings and seek the benefits of a sea voyage 
 and a few months' residence in this country. Accompanied by his 
 family he sailed from Shanghai on the 13th of May, and arrived in 
 New York on the 28th of August. Prior to his departure he made 
 arrangement for the government of the Mission during his absence 
 by forming the Presbyters into a committee, of which Mr. Syle was 
 elected president, and Mr. Liggins secretary. 
 
 The close of 1857 found China convulsed with civil dissensions 
 and engaged in war with England, and although Shanghai had not 
 become the seat of actual conflict, the situation was such as to 
 awaken the gravest apprehension. One good result, however, of 
 the political disturbances was the enlargement of the circuit in 
 which Missionaries were permitted to labor. In June the Rev. 
 Messrs. Nelson and Williams visited the great city of Soo Chow, 
 the capital of the province of Kiang-Soo, one of the first cities of 
 the Empire, containing a population of two millions, and were per- 
 mitted to preach in the principal temples and distribute books and 
 tracts in the streets without molestation. On their return to 
 Shanghai they visited a number of other places, and distributed 
 books which were received with apparent eagerness. 
 
 The Bishop's annual report mentioned the establishment of two 
 new out-stations within three miles of Shanghai — one at Sing-zak, 
 where Mr. Williams, assisted by Deacon Wong, held Services three 
 times a week — the other at Tsang-ka-bang, where Mr. Liggins 
 officiated. The day-schools which had been discontinued for want 
 of funds, were resumed, the whole number being nine; with an 
 average of twenty pupils each. The two boarding-schools con- 
 tinued to flourish, and there were a number of candidates for Bap- 
 tism in each. In the boys' school Miss Fay was assisted by one 
 
 26 
 
27 
 
 of the former pupils, Yang He Ting, whose visit to this country 
 for education has been mentioned. Among his other plans for 
 doing good, Mr. Syle had established an industrial school for blind 
 communicants and such other blind persons as chose to attend. 
 The charity met with much favor in Shanghai, one liberal merchant 
 giving money for the erection of a house and an endowment of one 
 thousand dollars' worth of stock yielding ten per cent, interest. 
 
 The Bishop strongly advocated the widening of missionary 
 operations, as will be seen by the conclusion of his report: 
 
 " I beg to remind the Board that such a Mission as this to China can 
 only be sustained by constant accessions. Disease is always thinning the 
 ranks of those in the field; that field is daily widening, under the pressure 
 of the foreign influences now operating in it. We have tarried at Shanghai 
 long enough; the cry of the Church to us should now be, 'Onward! Go ye 
 into all the plains, enter into every city and town thereof, bearing the glad 
 tidings of peace.' But to enable us to do this, the Church must give us 
 both men and means. We cannot draw upon our staff at Shanghai; to 
 diffuse, we must first multiply; our laity must cast more of their silver and 
 their gold into the treasury of the Lord than they have done; our young 
 men must deny themselves, take up their cross, and follow Jesus to those 
 ends of the earth, in obedience to His last command, ' Preach the Gospel 
 to every creature.' " 
 
 In February, 1858, Messrs. Liggins and Williams visited the city 
 of Dzang Zok, about ninety miles northwest of Shanghai, and con- 
 taining over 1 ex), 000 inhabitants. After considerable difficulty they 
 succeeded in obtaining suitable quarters for the establishment of a 
 Mission in a house in the suburbs, the large hall of which, capable 
 of seating nearly two hundred persons, they converted into a 
 chapel, and soon gathered congregations averaging about one hun- 
 dred and fifty. They also preached in the city and adjacent vil- 
 lages and distributed books and tracts. When it is remembered 
 that less than two years had elapsed since their arrival in the 
 country, the fact that they were already able to preach in the 
 Chinese language is sufficient evidence of the energy with which 
 they had labored. 
 
 Miss Emma G. Jones, having greatly improved in health during 
 her sojourn in this country, left New York on the 18th of March 
 for the return voyage to China, where she arrived safely in eighty- 
 eight days. Miss Ellen A. Bowers, of Pomfret, Conn., was 
 appointed to the Mission in March, but failing health prevented 
 her leaving home, and she resigned in September. 
 
 In June of this year an event of great importance, both to the 
 Missionary cause and the general progress of civilization and en- 
 
28 
 
 lightenment, occurred; treaties of peace were signed between China 
 and Great Britain, France, Russia and the United States. Their 
 terms secured the complete toleration of Christianity throughout 
 the Empire; liberty for foreigners to go everywhere unmolested, 
 if provided with passports; the right of foreign ambassadors to have 
 direct access to the government at Peking, and the opening of 
 additional ports for trade. The " religion of JESUS" (the Chinese 
 term for Protestant Christianity) was for the first time distinctly 
 mentioned in these treaties, in conjunction with and in priority to 
 the " religion of the Lord of Heaven " (the old term for the Roman 
 Catholic form of the Christian religion). 
 
 In the negotiation of the American treaty, the United States 
 Minister — the Hon.W. B. Reed — strenuously and successfully con- 
 tended for the admission of the Gospel, and so much had he to do 
 with securing toleration for Christianity, and so judiciously and 
 zealously did he work, that the Bishop of Victoria, the Rt. Rev. 
 Dr. Smith, in a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, spoke of 
 him in the following high terms of praise: 
 
 " It is right that the friends of Christian Missions on both sides of 
 the Atlantic should know how pre-eminently they are indebted for the 
 Christian element, in the wording of the treaties, to the hearty zeal, 
 sympathy and co-operation of his Excellency, W. B. Reed." 
 
 The Foreign Committee having decided upon the estab- 
 lishment of a Mission to Japan, selected the city of Nagasaki 
 as the station, and, on the 14th of February, appointed the Rev. 
 Messrs. Liggins and Williams to begin the work there. Mean- 
 while events in China were working in harmony with this 
 movement. The departure of Mr. Nelson for this country ren- 
 dered it necessary for Mr. Williams to leave Dzang Zok and 
 return to Shanghai. The native Deacon Wong was sent to Dzang 
 Zok to assist Mr. Liggins, but soon afterward an apparently unto- 
 ward circumstance caused the abandonment of that station. Mr. 
 Liggins chanced to encounter a rabble of the lower class and 
 was severely beaten. The effect of this rough treatment, com- 
 bined with his previous ill health, obliged him to retire from the 
 scene of his labors, and with Mr. Wong he returned to Shanghai, 
 where his physician advised a journey to Nagasaki. He sailed for 
 that city on the 23d of April, before the letter appointing him 
 to the Japan Mission reached Shanghai. He was joined by Mr. 
 Williams in the latter part of June. They were the first Protestant 
 Missionaries to that country. 
 
29 
 
 On the 1st of April Miss Conover arrived at home on a short 
 vacation, followed by Mr. Nelson and family on the 20th of May. 
 Early in May Mr. Keith and his wife left New York on their return 
 to Shanghai, arriving on the 18th of October. On the 12th of June 
 Mr. Syle baptized twelve of the boys in Miss Fay's school, and 
 nine more were candidates. 
 
 In view of the enlarged opportunities for mission work afforded 
 by the recent concessions of the Chinese government, the Foreign 
 Committee made a special effort to increase the Missionary force, 
 and Bishop Boone succeeded in securing pecuniary aid to the 
 extent of $20,000, for the support of the Missionaries. He also 
 raised several thousand dollars for the establishment of a Mission 
 station in the interior of China. Many applications for appoint- 
 ment were received, and the following persons were selected: 
 Mr. Henry M. Parker, of the Diocese of South Carolina; Mr. 
 Dudley D. Smith, of the Diocese of Alabama; Mr. Henry Purdon 
 and Mr. Thomas S. Yocom, of the Diocese of Pennsylvania; Mr. 
 Elliot H. Thomson, of the Diocese of Virginia; Mr. James T. 
 Doyen, of the Diocese of Maryland; Mr. Edward Hubbell, of 
 the Diocese of New York, students in the Theological Seminary, 
 Fairfax Co., Va.; also Mr. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, of the 
 Diocese of Maryland, student in the General Theological Seminary, 
 N. Y. Messrs. Smith, Purdon, Thomson, and Schereschewsky 
 were ordained to the Diaconate by Bishop Boone on the 7th of 
 July, in St. George's Church, New York; and Mr. Parker on the 
 ioth of July, in the Church of the Ascension, New York. Mr. 
 Yocom was ordained by Bishop Bowman in Philadelphia. Messrs. 
 Doyen and Hubbell were candidates for Holy Orders; the former 
 was to take charge of the boys' boarding-school in Shanghai, the 
 latter to act as business agent. The party also included Mrs. 
 Parker, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Yocum, and Mrs. Jane M. Doyen, the 
 mother of Mr. Doyen. A farewell meeting was held in the Church 
 of the Ascension on the evening of July ioth, and on the 13th 
 the Missionaries, accompanied by Bishop and Mrs. Boone, sailed 
 for Shanghai, where they arrived on the 21st of December. 
 
 The ratification of the French and English treaties was not 
 destined to peaceful accomplishment; the allied forces were 
 repulsed at the mouth of the Peiho, and in Canton the greatest 
 animosity was manifested toward all foreigners. This feeling 
 spread rapidly through other cities, and in Shanghai a serious 
 outbreak occurred in August. Foreigners could not safely venture 
 
30 
 
 into the streets, and a mob attacked the Mission church, breaking 
 doors, windows and lamps, damaging the stone front, and throwing 
 books and robes into the street. The interference of the Chinese 
 authorities preserved the building from utter destruction, and 
 Mr. Syle's application through the U. S Consul for damages was 
 met by the payment of four hundred taels, then worth about six 
 hundred dollars. Quiet was soon restored, but only for a time. 
 
 On the 28th of December occurred the death of Mrs. Syle, after 
 a brief illness. She had been long and faithfully engaged in the 
 work of the Mission and was warmly beloved by her associates. 
 
 The apprehension that had for some time been entertained 
 of a possible conflict regarding jurisdiction, between the American 
 Episcopal Church and the Church of England, was happily allayed 
 in the course of this year by the spontaneous action of the latter 
 body. The Archbishop of Canterbury suggested that the Bishop 
 of Victoria and Bishop Boone should settle the question as they 
 pleased, and it was accordingly agreed that the province of Kiang- 
 Su, in which our Missions were established, should be left to the 
 occupation of the American Church, while the Missionaries of 
 the English Church should labor in the province of Cheh-Kiang. 
 This arrangement gave our Church the exclusive ministry among 
 37,000,000 of people dwelling in a territory not exceeding that 
 of one of the larger States in the American Union. > 
 
 Soon after Bishop Boone's arrival in Shanghai he confirmed 
 twenty-seven persons at the school chapel, and eight at Christ 
 Church. One member of the graduating class in the boys' school 
 was received as a candidate for Holy Orders. The new Mission- 
 aries applied themselves diligently to learning the language, ren- 
 dering what assistance they could, meanwhile, in the English 
 schools. 
 
 The year i860 opened with gloomy forebodings of war and 
 anarchy. Not only was the country threatened by the hostile 
 attitude of France and England, but a formidable insurrection was 
 raging in the northern provinces. In May the rebels burned 
 the suburbs of the city of Soo Chow, rendering some two or 
 three hundred thousand people homeless and helpless, and as 
 the insurgents advanced toward Shanghai, the inhabitants fled 
 by thousands. In August the rebels attacked the city, but were 
 speedily repulsed by the allied forces. The professions of Christi- 
 anity formerly made by the insurgents were continued, and they 
 ex Dressed particular friendship for Missionaries, whom they claimed 
 
31 
 
 as brethren of a common faith. Many foreigners evinced sympathy 
 for the rebels, but they were in reality little else than marauders. 
 
 In the midst of all this turmoil the work of the Mission made 
 steady progress. Mr. Syle succeeded in establishing a printing- 
 office; the Institution for the Blind was well supported, sheltering 
 sixty persons, fourteen of whom were communicants; and a shop 
 was opened for the sale of the Scriptures, Christian tracts, and 
 educational books. Miss Conover left New York on the 5th of 
 June for her return voyage to Shanghai, arriving on the 28th of 
 September. On the 28th of October the Bishop admitted Messrs. 
 Schereschewsky, Thomson, and Smith to the Priesthood. On 
 the 1 2th of November he confirmed thirteen persons at Christ 
 Church. In November the restoration of peace was effected, the ugh 
 with but little resumption of good feeling, the allies having enforced 
 a ratification of the treaty of Tien-Tsin, made in 1858. The rebels 
 ■continued in arms in the northern provinces, but did not again 
 menace Shanghai. 
 
 The following paragraph from the Report of the Foreign Com- 
 mittee for 1 861, shows how reduced the force immediately became: 
 
 " Great changes have, moreover, characterized the history of the Mis- 
 sion during the past year. In addition to those already mentioned, namely, 
 the retirement of Mr. and Mrs. Doyen and Mr. Hubbell, the sale of the 
 boys' school-house, etc., the Committee have now to report the resignation 
 of the Rev. Mr. Purdon and the Rev. Mr. Yocum, who have returned to 
 the United States, and of Miss EmmaG. Jones — the last, after many years 
 of faithful service in the field. The Rev. Mr. Syle, finding it necessary to 
 bring his motherless children to this country, embarked from China in 
 January, and reached New York March 29th last. The Rev. Mr. Nelson, 
 whose detention in this country has been already mentioned, is now in 
 Virginia, supporting himself, it is supposed, by parish work." 
 
 Mr. Purdon arrived in the United States in May, i860. 
 
 The plan which had long been entertained of establishing a 
 station in the interior was carried into effect in April, when Mr. 
 and Mrs. Parker and Mr. and Mrs. Smith took their departure 
 for Che-foo, on the Gulf of Pe-che-le, in the province of Shan-tung. 
 They were not very hospitably received, and experienced great 
 difficulty in getting a house, but after a few weeks were fairly 
 engaged in Mission labors. 
 
 On the 4th of May the Rev. Chu Kiung Tong was, at his 
 own request, deposed from the Ministry by Bishop Boone. The 
 reasons assigned for his resignation were want of success in his 
 work, and lack of sufficient means for the support of his family. 
 
32 
 
 On the 13th of July, Miss Conover, compelled by ill health, 
 sailed for the United States, arriving early in December. 
 
 During this summer but little progress was made, owing to the 
 reduced force and the continuance of political disturbances. When 
 the boys' school was disbanded, Miss Fay was temporarily trans- 
 ferred to the charge of the school of the English Church Missionary 
 Society, at their request, taking with her twenty of the boys 
 from her former school. 
 
 In October occurred one of the saddest events in the history of 
 the Mission. A band of rebels threatened the city of Che-foo, and 
 Mr. Parker volunteered to meet them and endeavor to prevail upon 
 them to withdraw. He set out upon his errand of peace and 
 mercy, but as soon as he encountered the rebels they surrounded 
 and murdered him. His companion, Mr. Holmes, a Baptist Mis- 
 sionary, shared the same fate. On the 7th of November Mrs. 
 Parker sailed from Shanghai for the United States, via England. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Smith remained at their post in the village of Choo- 
 kie, near the city of Che-foo. 
 
 The Chinese student, Yung Kiung Yen, after completing his 
 studies in this country and graduating with honor at Kenyon 
 College, returned to Shanghai, arriving in January, 1862. He 
 desired to connect himself with the Mission and was accepted 
 by Bishop Boone as a candidate for Holy Orders. 
 
 About the first of February, 6wing to the failure of Mrs. Keith's 
 health, she, with her husband, left Shanghai for Japan, hoping that 
 the change of climate might prove beneficial. After a stay of 
 some three months they decided, under medical advice, to return 
 to the United States, via San Francisco. During the voyage Mrs. 
 Keith was unable to leave her berth. Upon reaching San Fran- 
 cisco on the 27th of June they were kindly received by the family 
 of Bishop Kip, and everything was done that Christian sympathy 
 and love could suggest for Mrs. Keith, but without avail; she died 
 on the 10th of July. Leaving her remains in a temporary resting- 
 place, Mr. Keith embarked on the 17th, on the steamer " Golden 
 Gate " for Panama. On the evening of Sunday, the 27th, the 
 steamer was destroyed by fire and Mr. Keith was among those 
 who perished. 
 
 In the death of these two faithful laborers the Mission sustained 
 a great loss. Mrs. Keith was very successful as a teacher and 
 rendered valuable service in the translation into Chinese of school- 
 books and other works for the young. Mr. Keith possessed great 
 
33 
 
 scholarly attainments; he translated a large portion of the Old 
 Testament and some books of the New Testament into the dialect 
 of Shanghai, and aided Bishop Boone in rendering the Prayer 
 Book into the same dialect. He had also completed a dictionary, 
 the manuscript of which was lost at sea. He evinced his devotion 
 to the cause of the Mission in China by bequeathing to it the most 
 of his property, acquired by inheritance. 
 
 Early in July Mr. Schereschewsky left Shanghai for Peking, in 
 company with Mr. Burlingame, the American Minister, and his 
 Secretary, Dr. Williams. It was the Bishop's desire that he should 
 spend three or four years in Peking, to perfect himself in the 
 language, in the acquisition of which he had made remarkable 
 progress. 
 
 On the 14th of July Mrs. Smith fell a victim to the cholera, 
 then widely prevalent. She was a faithful and devoted Missionary, 
 and her death added another to the long list of afflictions that had 
 recently overtaken the Mission. Mr. Smith being left with the 
 charge of an infant daughter, accepted the Bishop's advice and 
 went to Shanghai. He could not, however, remain content to 
 abandon his chosen field of labor, and in November returned to 
 Che-foo. 
 
 During the winter and spring of this year the city of Shanghai 
 was invested by large numbers of the Tai-Ping insurgents, who 
 committed great ravages upon the adjacent villages, but were 
 finally dispersed by the English and French forces. This peril 
 was followed by the prevalence of small pox, typhus and typhoid 
 fever, and cholera, which swept away thousands of both Chinese 
 and foreigners; but in the midst of all this terrible calamity, the 
 Mission family at Shanghai was mercifully preserved from harm. 
 
 Miss Conover, having regained her health, received an appoint- 
 ment to Japan and sailed for Kanagawa on the nth of November, 
 arriving in March, 1863. Almost immediately threatened hostilities 
 between Japan and England compelled foreigners to seek safety in 
 flight, and in May Miss Conover left for Shanghai, where she arrived 
 June 6th. The effect of the climate, however, produced a recur- 
 rence of her former throat trouble, and in September she again 
 returned to the United States, where she arrived in December. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 1 863- 1 870. 
 
 In April, 1863, the Rev. Mr. Smith, feeling compelled to retire 
 on account of his infant child, returned to the United States, arriv- 
 ing on the 17th of July, soon after which date his resignation was 
 accepted. This left the Mission at Shanghai with but one' Pres- 
 byter, the Rev. Mr. Thomson; one native Deacon, and two female 
 Missionaries — Miss Fay, and Miss Catherine E. Jones. Never- 
 theless, Services were maintained in the church and the chapel; 
 while the boarding-school for girls, and the day-schools for both 
 boys and girls were continued with about the same attendance 
 as formerly. 
 
 On the 8th of November Bishop Boone ordained the Rev. Kong 
 Chai Wong to the Priesthood, and assigned to him the care of 
 Christ Church, in Shanghai. He had been a Deacon for thirteen 
 years, and his fidelity and diligence entitled him to the higher 
 honor. On the 24th of November occurred the death of Miss 
 Catherine E. Jones. Her disease was small-pox, of which several 
 of the pupils in the girls' boarding-school had previously died. 
 Miss Jones had been connected with the Mission for twelve years 
 and was ever steadfast at her post, never taking any recreation or 
 leaving Shanghai for even the briefest period. The Rev. Mr. 
 Schereschewsky still remained at Peking. Having thoroughly 
 mastered the language spoken there, he was engaged in preaching 
 and teaching, and was also occupied in the translation of the Bible 
 and Prayer Book into the Mandarin dialect, the language of the 
 Court and the literati. 
 
 In the fall of 1863 Mrs. Boone visited Japan for the benefit of 
 her health, but without avail. In October she returned to Shang- 
 hai, and in the following month, her physician having prescribed a 
 sea voyage, the Bishop and Mrs. Boone sailed for Singapore, A 
 short sojourn there producing no favorable change, it was deter- 
 mined to try the climate of Egypt. They landed at Suez on the 
 1 6th of January, 1864, and on the 20th Mrs. Boone died. She had 
 endured prolonged sufferings with uncomplaining patience, but the 
 final moment was like sinking into gentle slumber. Mrs. Boone 
 
 34 
 
35 
 
 was connected with the Mission for nineteen years, and labored 
 earnestly for its advancement. She was buried at Suez, in the 
 cemetery for foreigners — a quiet, secluded spot on an island in the 
 harbor. Although seven thousand miles away from her Chinese 
 home, she was borne to the grave from the boat by four Chinamen; 
 she had devoted nineteen years to serve their nation, and they 
 were appointed to carry her to her last resting-place. 
 
 Soon after Mrs. Boone's death the Bishop started for England, 
 and, crossing to the continent, left his youngest son in charge of 
 Miss Emma G. Jones at Weisbaden. On his return voyage a terri- 
 ble cyclone was encountered between Aden and Singapore, and 
 the steamer came near foundering. In the Bishop's enfeebled 
 state of health, his suffering was severe, and when he reached 
 Shanghai on the 13th of June, he was dangerously ill. He grew 
 rapidly worse and died on the 17th of July, in the fifty-third year 
 of his age and twenty-seventh of his missionary labors. 
 
 This sad event cast a profound gloom over the Mission, and 
 awakened sympathetic sorrow among the foreign residents of 
 Shanghai and the many natives who had learned to love the 
 Bishop as their friend and spiritual guide. He was a man of deep 
 and earnest piety, strong intellectual powers, and unwavering 
 devotion to the cause to which his life had been consecrated. 
 
 During the next two years there was but little change in the 
 affairs of the Mission. The Rev. Mr. Thomson continued in charge, 
 assisted by the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, and Yung Kiung Yen and 
 Vong Fee Wong, native catechists and candidates for Holy Orders. 
 Several preaching-places were established in the adjoining vil- 
 lages, and Services were regularly held in Christ Church and the 
 Mission chapel. Mrs. Thomson conducted a day-school for girls, 
 and the various schools for boys were well attended. The number 
 of converts was encouragingly large. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1866, the Rev. Augustus C. Hohing and 
 wife, then recently appointed to the Mission, reached Shanghai, 
 and soon afterward proceeded to Peking, to join the Rev. Mr. 
 Schereschewsky. 
 
 The Rev. Channing Moore Williams having been elected Mis- 
 sionary Bishop to China and Japan in October, 1865, returned to 
 the United States in the summer of 1866, and was consecrated on 
 the 3d of October in St. John's Chapel, New York, the Presiding 
 Bishop, Hopkins, being the Consecrator. The sermon was preached 
 by Bishop Johns, of Virginia, and there were present and assist- 
 
36 
 
 ing Bishops Lee, Payne, Potter, Whipple and Talbot, and the Rev. 
 Drs. John Cotton Smith, Littlejohn, Twing, Denison and Morrell 
 took part in the Services. 
 
 On the nth of December the Rev. Mr. Nelson and wife left 
 New York for their return to China, via San Francisco, reaching 
 Shanghai on the 6th of February, 1867. During his stay in this 
 country Mr. Nelson had been actively and successfully engaged in 
 presenting the claims of the China Mission upon the prayers and 
 offerings of the Church. 
 
 The condition of affairs in Shanghai at the beginning of 1867 
 was concisely stated by the Rev. Mr. Thomson in a letter dated 
 January 4th. He said: 
 
 " Our new Bishop will have a glorious field before him. China is open 
 now in a fuller manner than it ever has been. There is no place where 
 we cannot go and preach and teach, unless it be a few remote points where 
 the remains of the rebellion still linger. It is true we cannot reside at 
 every place without breaking the treaty. Some have even disregarded 
 that and are not molested, but even without breaking the law we can 
 stay a month or two at any point to establish native helpers and to visit 
 them. China may be said to be a field ready for the workers — I say not 
 ' reapers.' There must be first the ploughing up of the hard fallow 
 ground — real hard work, tiresome work, work to try men's patience ; then 
 will come the harvest." 
 
 Mr Thomson had recently returned from a stay of some weeks 
 at Che-foo; he strongly advocated the permanent establishment of 
 a station in the province of Shantung on account of the healthful- 
 ness of the climate. The Rev. Mr. Wong, accompanied by the 
 native catechist Kia Sung Ting, had also made a tour into the in- 
 terior, meeting with a friendly reception and distributing large 
 numbers of books. The work at Shanghai was progressing as fairly 
 as was possible with the limited force of laborers. From sixteen 
 to eighteen Services were held weekly, with good average attend- 
 ance. The schools were under the charge of the Rev, Mr. Wong, 
 assisted by the catechists Kia Sung Ting, and Hong Neok Woo. 
 A native Missionary Society had been established and was effect- 
 ing valuable results, having a boys' and a girls' school, with forty- 
 two pupils, under the special charge of Mr. Woo. Mrs. Thomson 
 had the care of the girls' school and a daily class of Bible-readers. 
 During the previous six months there had been seven baptisms. 
 In April the Rev. Mr. Hohing met with a severe affliction in the 
 death of his wife and eldest child. He did not, however, abandon 
 his work, but rather addressed himself to it with even greater 
 devotion. About this date Miss Fay, who had been temporarily 
 
37 
 
 In the employ of the English Mission, resumed her former position 
 in charge of the girls' school at Shanghai. 
 
 Miss Susan M. Waring, of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, was 
 appointed to the Mission in April, sailed on the 21st of September, 
 and reached Shanghai on the 13th of November. On the nth of 
 September Bishop Williams left New York, via San Francisco, 
 arriving at Shanghai on the 14th of January, 1868. Soon afterward 
 there occurred some events that promised to have a most favorable 
 influence upon the Mission cause. The Emperor issued an edict 
 forbidding the rebuilding of temples that had been destroyed, and 
 the repair of those that had fallen into decay, with an exception, 
 however, in favor of the temples of Confucius. The Chancellor, or 
 chief Judge of Soochow, the largest city in the province where our 
 Mission was situated, issued a proclamation prohibiting the people 
 from worshipping in the temples, or burning incense, candles and 
 silver paper before the idols. Another proclamation was made by 
 the Mandarins of Kashung, a city in the province of Chekiang, for- 
 bidding any interference with the teaching or preaching of Christi- 
 anity. The lesson drawn by the Bishop from these events was 
 that " God is calling on us most loudly to enter more fully, more 
 earnestly on the great work of preaching the Gospel to the millions 
 of China." 
 
 On the 24th of February the Bishop wrote that he and Mr. 
 Nelson had just returned from a tour of inspection in search of the 
 best place for an interior station. They visited Kiu-Kiang, four 
 hundred miles, and Hankow, six hundred miles west and south of 
 Shanghai. The reopening of the boys' boarding-school, under 
 charge of Miss Fay, was an encouraging indication of renewed ac- 
 tivity in Mission work. The hospital established a few months be- 
 fore and mainly supported by Chinese and foreign residents, proved 
 the means of doing much good. 
 
 On the 1st of March the Bishop confirmed thirty-eight Chinese 
 and eight foreigners. On the 19th he left Shanghai for the pur- 
 pose of examining Che-foo and Tung-chow, in Shantung province, 
 and Tien-tsin and Peking, in Pe-che-le province, before deciding 
 upon the point for a new station. On the 21st of April Miss Susan 
 M. Waring, Missionary teacher at Shanghai, was married, by the Rev. 
 E. H. Thomson, to the Rev. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, Missionary 
 at Peking. The Bishop returned from his tour on the 27th of 
 April, having inspected the cities above named and travelled some 
 2,200 miles. On the 4th of May he again started, with Mr. Wong, 
 
38 
 
 and after visiting Ta-tsong, Soo-chow, and Dzang-Zok (where he 
 and Mr. Liggins formerly lived), returned on the 12th. On Sunday 
 the 17th he admitted to the Diaconate, Mr. Yung Kiung Yen, 
 the candidate being presented by the Rev. E. H. Thomson; the 
 Rev. Robert Nelson and the Rev. Kong Chai Wong taking part in 
 the Services. 
 
 In the Bishop's report dated June 30th, several matters of inter- 
 est were noted. The Rev. Mr. Schereschewsky, finding a heathen 
 temple for sale at Peking, purchased it for less than $1,000 and 
 changed it into a Christian church. A new station had been 
 established at Kong-wan, a town of thirty thousand inhabitants, 
 four miles from Shanghai. It was placed in charge of a native 
 catechist and assistant, and was visited weekly by Mr. Nelson and 
 Mr. Thomson. Still more important was the opening of an interior 
 station at Wuchang, the capital of the province of Hupeh, in 
 the very heart of the empire, and a most prominent literary and 
 commercial centre at the confluence of the Yang-tse and Han 
 Rivers. With Hankow and Hanyang, on the opposite bank of the 
 former river and separated by the latter, forming almost one city, 
 the population was about twelve hundred thousand. It was the 
 Bishop's design to make it the Missionary centre, and establish 
 boarding and training-schools, where young men could be prepared 
 for the work of the Ministry, for catechists and school-teachers, 
 and from which as a base, when strong enough, they could occupy 
 the adjacent towns and cities. The Bishop, Mr. Hohing, and Mr. 
 Yen took up their residence at Wuchang on the 2d of June, but 
 the need of more Missionaries was painfully evident. 
 
 A few weeks later considerable excitement was occasioned by 
 an attack upon Mr. Hohing and Mr. Yen by a lawless set of so- 
 called "military students" assembled from different parts of the 
 province to attend examinations. Mr. Hohing was somewhat in- 
 jured by stones thrown at him and was forced to take shelter in the 
 house of a friendly Chinese. The affair was greatly deplored by 
 the peaceable citizens, to whom the rabble bore about the same 
 relation that the " hoodlums " of San Francisco, who are always 
 ready to assail unoffending Chinamen, sustain toward respectable 
 people. 
 
 In October the following important proclamation in regard to 
 liberty of worship in China was issued by the authorities of the 
 Celestial Empire: 
 
 " Ma, Governor-General of the two Kiang Provinces, Imperial Com- 
 
'fil!F 
 
 ■iii|!il|i 
 
 1 I I Sll ' HVM 
 
 m 
 
 
39 
 
 missioner, etc. ; Tseng-quo-fan, late Governor-General of the two Kiang 
 Provinces, Imperial Commissioner, etc.; Ting, Governor of Kiang Su — 
 hereby issue a proclamation for general information : 
 
 " Whereas, the preaching of religion is sanctioned by treaty, and all 
 persons are at liberty to become proselytes thereto as it suits their conven- 
 ience, without compulsion either for or against: We, therefore, issue this 
 proclamation to give the population, civil and military, of these districts 
 to know that it is required of them that they carefully observe the treaty 
 which has been concluded by our most gracious sovereign the Emperor, 
 and that they must not annoy religious establishments, nor raise pretexts; 
 nor must they treat foreign travellers with wanton disrespect. Every 
 wilful offender will certainly be visited with heavy punishment, without 
 hope of pardon. 
 
 " Obey with trembling ! A special proclamation, 27th day, 9th month, 
 7th year of the Emperor Tung Che." 
 
 In November the Bishop confirmed eight persons in Christ 
 Church, Shanghai, and in a communication dated January 7th, 1869, 
 spoke of the encouraging aspect of affairs in the Mission, the great 
 hinderance being the lack of workers. He also mentioned the 
 pressing need for a Missionary physician. The first convert at 
 Wuchang was Tsao Si-Fang, Mr. Hohing's teacher. He was bap- 
 tized on the fourth Sunday in Lent, March 7th, 1869. On the 10th, 
 the Bishop took his departure for Osaka, Japan, where he had 
 decided to make his residence. Before leaving, he confirmed thirty- 
 two Chinese in Christ Church, Shanghai, and the Church of Our 
 Saviour, as the Mission chapel in Hong Kew, the American Con- 
 cession, was called. 
 
 A new out-station had been established at Tsa Ka Pang, a 
 hamlet about two miles distant, where Mr. Yen had opened a 
 day-school with money furnished by himself and a few of the 
 converts. In May the Rev. Mr. Thomson and family arrived in 
 the United States for a brief visit. It was the first time that Mr. 
 Thomson had seen his native land in ten years, during which period 
 he had labored faithfully in the Mission, much of the time single- 
 handed and alone. 
 
 In his July report the Bishop spoke of the excellent progress 
 made by the boys' boarding-school, at Shanghai, under Miss Fay's 
 charge, and the two day-schools which she also supervised. The 
 hospital was doing good work. The attendance at the dispensary 
 had reached as many as six hundred a day, and during the year then 
 closed more than 15,000 persons had received medical treatment. 
 Two English physicians, Drs. Jamieson and Henderson, attended 
 regularly and gave their services gratuitously. A building had been 
 rented in Hankow for Mission purposes, and a chapel opened in 
 
40 
 
 one of the principal thoroughfares. At Peking Mr. Schereschewsky 
 was still hard at work, translating the Bible into the Mandarin 
 dialect, and had nearly completed the translation of the Prayer 
 Book. 
 
 There were but two appointments to the Mission this year — the 
 Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoyt, Professor in Griswold College, Davenport, 
 Iowa — and the Rev. William J. Boone, son of the late Bishop 
 Boone. Mr. Hoyt and wife sailed in September and reached 
 Shanghai November 7th. They were soon located at Hankow. 
 Mr. Boone and wife left New York on the 1st of November and 
 arrived at Shanghai on the 7th of January, 1870, soon after which 
 they were assigned to the Mission at Wuchang. In April Bishop 
 Williams made a visit to the Mission and confirmed two persons at 
 Shanghai and five at Hankow. Miss Fay, whose health had become 
 enfeebled by her twenty years' arduous service, was induced to 
 take a short vacation, and arrived in New York on the 30th of May. 
 
 Nothing of special interest occurred during the summer. Mr. 
 Hohing was transferred to the station at Hankow, and Mr. Hoyt 
 to Wuchang. On the 28th of October the Rev. William J. Boone 
 and the Rev. Yung Kiung Yen were ordained to the Priesthood 
 by Bishop Williams in the English church at Hankow. In Novem- 
 ber work was commenced on the Chapel of the Nativity, a small 
 building in the suburbs of Wuchang, and on the 25th of December 
 it was opened for Divine Worship. The entire cost of the structure 
 was met by contributions received in Wuchang, and from some ot 
 the converts in Shanghai. 
 
a 
 
 < 
 
 m 
 o 
 u 
 
 & 
 
 j 
 o 
 o 
 a 
 o 
 Jl 
 
 < 
 3 
 o 
 a 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 1871-74. 
 
 The year 1871 was another uneventful chapter in the history of 
 the Mission, although ground was steadily gained, and under the 
 energetic management of Bishop Williams every step taken was 
 onward. Through the self-denying exertions of the Missionaries, 
 funds were raised for the erection of a boys' boarding-school at 
 Wuchang, called the "Bishop Boone Memorial School." It was 
 begun in June and finished in September, opening with three 
 pupils. In November the number had increased to fourteen, and 
 on the 25th of December eleven of the boys were baptized. The 
 day-school conducted by Mrs. Schereschewsky at Peking was mak- 
 ing good progress with thirteen pupils. In November the Bishop 
 made his autumn visitation to Hankow, and on the 19th confirmed 
 five persons. The Rev. Mr. Thomson, his wife, and Miss Fay left 
 New York October 18th for their return to China, reaching Shang- 
 hai on the 6th of December. 
 
 In his appeal for help at the close of the year, the Bishop made 
 special mention of the desirable opportunity for the extension of 
 missionary effort presented by the city of Soochow, within eighty 
 miles of Shanghai, and easily accessible. 
 
 " This is an opportunity," said the Bishop, " for planting the Gosoel 
 in the very heart of the most populous province of China, away from the 
 influence of a seaport town, and the evil example of foreign sailors and 
 others who come from distant lands, which we ought by all means to em- 
 brace. It contains over a million of people, and there are four other 
 walled cities within a radius of twenty miles, and in all that section of 
 country there is not a single clergyman of our Church, nor indeed a 
 minister of any denomination. Who, under such circumstances, could 
 help from crying out, ' Men and brethren, help !' " 
 
 The first six months of 1872 were devoid of any incidents of 
 moment. On the 13th of July the Rev. Mr. Hoyt and his wife 
 reached this country, their temporary withdrawal from the field 
 being rendered necessary by Mrs. Hoyt's enfeebled condition. 
 
 Although not directly connected with Mission interests, but as 
 having a possible future influence upon them, it should be noted 
 that in September an Imperial Commission from China arrived 
 
 41 
 
42 
 
 in the United States, having in charge about thirty Chinese 
 boys, averaging twelve years of age, sent here for the purpose of 
 acquiring a liberal education. They were to remain fifteen years, 
 and were placed with families of culture and respectability in 
 different sections of Connecticut and Massachusetts. They were 
 to be followed by about one hundred more. Although the Govern- 
 ment had ordered their continued instruction in the religion of 
 Confucius, there were elements at work that promised to benefit 
 the cause of CHRIST. Two of the Chinese officials in charge were 
 Christians, the boys were permitted to attend church, and of their 
 number five had been under Christian instruction in China, three 
 of them in the boys' school at Shanghai, where they had been 
 baptized. 
 
 The Bridgman Memorial School at Shanghai, founded in i86c> 
 by Mrs. Bridgman (formerly Miss Gillette), who died in November, 
 1871, was taken in charge by Mrs. Thomson and became a part of 
 the Mission work in September of this year. It was a girls' board- 
 ing-school and numbered twenty-seven pupils. The Rev. Mr. 
 Hoyt returned to China in March, 1873, reaching Wuchang on the 
 nth of April. Mrs. Hoyt's health continued so feeble that she 
 was compelled to remain in this country. On the 1st of May the 
 Bishop admitted to the Diaconate Messrs. Hoong Neok Woo, and 
 Kia Sung Ting, who had been candidates for several years. Mr. 
 Ting was assigned to Shanghai, to assist Mr. Thomson, Mr. Woo 
 taking his place at Kong Wan. 
 
 The following resumt will show the condition of affairs in the 
 Mission at the close of June, 1873: There were three boarding- 
 schools and fourteen day-schools, six of the latter being supported 
 without aid from the Mission treasury. The number of pupils 
 was three hundred. Daily Services were held at Christ Church, 
 Shanghai, and the Church of our Saviour, in Hong Kew; also at 
 Kong Wan, and several villages; two colporteurs were at work dis- 
 tributing tracts; the Native Missionary Society at Shanghai con- 
 tinued its meetings, with thirty-five members; the hospital at 
 Shanghai, established by the Rev. Mr. Thomson in 1868, had, 
 during the past year, afforded treatment to 20,191 patients; a new 
 chapel was in course of erection at Wuchang, where it was also 
 intended to establish the "Jane Bohlen Memorial School for Girls," 
 as soon as a proper building site could be obtained; and funds were 
 in hand to build a chapel in Hankow when a proper location was 
 secured. At Peking, Dr. Schereschewsky had completed the 
 
43 
 
 translation of the entire Old Testament after fourteen years of 
 labor. The Mission work in Peking had made comparatively little 
 progress, but Dr. Schereschewsky paid a visit in May to a town one 
 hundred miles south of Peking, where he had previously established 
 a catechist, and baptized forty-three persons, more than thirty of 
 whom were adults. The only appointment to the Mission during 
 this year was that of the Rev. Francis H. Strieker, of the General 
 Theological Seminary, who left New York for China via Germany 
 on the 24th of September, reaching Hankow in January, 1874. 
 
 On the 28th of January, 1874, Albert C. Bunn, M.D., of Morris, 
 N. Y., was appointed Missionary physician. He sailed on the 19th 
 of October, accompanied by his wife and children, and Mrs. Hoyt, 
 reaching Wuchang on the 3d of December. In April the Rev. 
 Mr. Nelson reached the United States on leave of absence. In the 
 same month the Rev. G. D. B. Miller, Missionary at Osaka, Japan, 
 was, by his own request, transferred to China and took charge of 
 the English-speaking congregation at Shanghai, in place of Dr. 
 Nelson. 
 
 The Bishop's report for the year ending June 30th, 1874, showed 
 an encouraging state of affairs. At Shanghai regular Services were 
 held at Christ Church (within the city), Church of our Saviour 
 (Hong Kew), Chapel of the Bridgman Memorial School, Kong 
 Wan Chapel, the Hospital for Chinese, Woosung, Lau-Zak, Yang- 
 Ka-Doo, Great East Gate, West Gate, Hong-Tseng, Tsa-Ka- 
 Pang, and Tung-Ziang-Kong. There were three boarding-schools 
 and fifteen day-schools, the former with sixty-four, the latter with 
 three hundred and sixty-eight pupils. The boarding-schools were, 
 Miss Fay's, for boys (twenty-three pupils); the Bridgman Memo- 
 rial (Mrs. Thomson's), for girls (twenty-six pupils); and Baird 
 Hall (Mr. Thomson's), for boys (fifteen pupils). There had 
 been fifteen confirmations at Christ Church, three at the Church of 
 our Saviour, six in other localities, and there were one hundred and 
 forty-one Chinese communicants. At Peking Dr. Schereschewsky 
 had completed the revision of the Mandarin version of the Old 
 Testament, and was holding daily Services either in the city or 
 outside of the West Gate, with an average attendance of forty-five. 
 At Wuchang the Bishop Boone Memorial School for boys had 
 twenty-eight pupils. Besides this building there were the Clergy 
 House and two chapels, all substantial brick structures. The 
 
44 
 
 Fukai Chapel — lately erected — with seating capacity for two hun- 
 dred persons, was opened on the 6th of April. Near by a lot of 
 two and two-thirds acres had been purchased, upon which it was 
 proposed to build the "Jane Bohlen Memorial School" for girls, a 
 house for a physician, and eventually a church and hospital. At 
 Hankow, a lot had been purchased and a chapel erected, to be 
 called St. Paul's. There were two school-houses, one new, the 
 buildings being of brick and stone. 
 
 For some time previous the Bishop had been convinced of the 
 necessity of dividing his immense jurisdiction, and the appointment 
 of another Bishop for China. A similar proposition was before the 
 Board of Missions when the Bishop's request was received, and the 
 General Convention, which met in October, approved the plan, 
 divided the jurisdiction, assigning Bishop Williams to Japan, with 
 the title of "Missionary Bishop of Yedo having Jurisdiction in 
 Japan," and elected the Rev. William P. Orrick, of the Diocese of 
 Pennsylvania, as Missionary Bishop of Shanghai. He, however, 
 declined the appointment. 
 
 Dr. Bunn's arrival was the occasion of great rejoicing, not only 
 among the Missionaries, but also the Chinese, who eagerly sought 
 his services. Some enthusiastic native posted before the street 
 chapel a notice which read, literally translated: " The Great 
 American Episcopal Church at this hall feels pulses and gives 
 medicines!" Mentioning the circumstance in a letter, Mr. Hoyt 
 remarked, " No doubt Dr. Bunn appreciates the great responsibil- 
 ity that this ' notice ' lays upon him, and there can be no doubt that 
 ' The Great American Episcopal Church ' is content to be personi- 
 fied as above." The Doctor commenced by opening a dispensary 
 three times a week at the chapel in Fukai street, and had as many 
 patients as he could attend to. The need of a properly appointed 
 hospital was strongly felt, and arrangements were made for the 
 erection of a small building for temporary use. 
 
<5 
 < 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 P 
 
 H 
 
 w 
 W 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 < 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 1875-1877. 
 
 DURING the Bishop's visitation to the Mission in May, 1875, he 
 confirmed nine persons and administered the Holy Communion to 
 twenty, in the Chapel of the Nativity at Wuchang on Whitsun-day 
 morning, and in the evening confirmed six persons in the chapel at 
 Hankow. On the 1st of July Dr. Schereschewsky arrived in the 
 United States, accompanied by his family, for the purpose of taking 
 a well-earned vacation, having been constantly at his post since 
 his appointment in 1859. ^ n tne report of the Special Committee 
 appointed by the Board of Missions to consider the annual report of 
 the Foreign Committee, appeared the following eloquent tribute to 
 the magnitude and value of Dr. Schereschewsky's labors: 
 
 " The Old Testament has been translated by him out of the original 
 Hebrew into a language understood by a population four times as large 
 as in all the United States. The work of itself is one of the grandest 
 monuments which the human mind has ever created, and is one of the 
 noblest trophies of Missionary zeal and learning. When in the old times 
 of Greece and Rome the military hero returned from the conquest of a 
 province, an ovation was tendered him by the public magistrates, and as 
 he passed along in his triumphal chariot there preceded and followed him 
 the captives taken in war, the spoils of conquered cities, the treasures of 
 royal coffers; and so the grand procession moved on in honor of him 
 who had added a province to an empire. But the grandest conquests of 
 the world's mightiest heroes sink into littleness beside the work which our 
 faithful Missionary has done when he made the Bible speak in the Man- 
 darin tongue and herald out its salvation over nearly half a hemisphere. 
 Dr. Schereschewsky, as he comes back to us from his hard fought field, 
 bringing his Chinese Bible as the spolia opima of his victorious faith and 
 work, presents to the Church a sublimer spectacle than any that ever 
 moved over the ' Via Sacra ' at Rome, or up the steep of the Acropolis at 
 Athens." 
 
 In July the Rev. Mr. Miller resigned the charge of the foreign 
 congregation in Shanghai and returned to the United States, ter- 
 minating his connection with the Mission. Arrangements were 
 made with the Rev. Mr. Boone to supply the vacancy until Dr. 
 Nelson's return. Dr. Bunn's report for the seven months ending 
 June 30th gave the aggregate attendance at the dispensary in 
 Wuchang as two thousand three hundred and sixty-nine cases, and 
 
 45 
 
46 
 
 he had made one hundred and fifty-one visits to outside patients. 
 This was exclusive of attendance upon members of the Mission 
 or foreigners. The necessity for hospital accommodations still 
 remained very great. 
 
 At a special meeting of the House of Bishops, held in October, 
 the Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., was elected " Missionary 
 Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China," but he declined 
 the position. 
 
 The death of Mrs. Boone occurred at Shanghai on the 16th 
 of November, after a brief illness. She was but twenty-eight years 
 and eight months old. From her early youth her character was 
 full of promise, and her loving, gentle disposition made her a 
 favorite with all who knew her. She was a truly humble, devoted 
 Christian. 
 
 The 25th of November was marked by an event of unusual 
 importance — the baptism of thirty-three persons at the village 
 of San Ting Kur, about ten miles from Shanghai. These converts 
 were made through the instrumentality of the Rev. Hoong Neok 
 Woo, the native Deacon in charge of Kong Wan and the village 
 above named, and the catechist, Tan-ping-lin, who resided in 
 the village. The rite was administered by the Rev. Kong Chai 
 Wong, the native Presbyter who, in the absence of the Rev. 
 Dr. Nelson, had the pastoral oversight of the Kong Wan district. 
 The Rev. Mr. Boone was present and was much impressed with 
 the necessity for renewed efforts to establish a native Ministry. 
 He said, " I am ever more and more convinced that our chief efforts 
 should be to gather and train such. They work to great advantage 
 among people whose every peculiarity of thought and prejudice 
 they understand and to a great degree share." On the first 
 Sunday in Advent the Rev. Mr. Wong baptized seven more 
 persons at the chapel in Kong Wan. 
 
 The connection of the Rev Francis H. Strieker with the 
 Mission ceased on the 31st of December, 1875. 
 
 Miss Henrietta F. Harris, of Cambridge, Mass., and Miss Mary 
 C. Nelson, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Nelson, were appointed to 
 the Mission toward the close of the year, and on the 1st of 
 February, 1876, together with Dr. Nelson, embarked from San 
 Francisco, arriving at Shanghai March 16th. Mrs. Nelson was 
 detained until the 1st of May, owing to the illness of one of her 
 children, and reached Shanghai on the 15th of June. Dr. Nelson 
 resumed the charge of the foreign congregation at Shanghai, 
 
47 
 
 and Mr. Boone returned to his former post in Wuchang. On Sun- 
 day, March 26th, Mr. Hoyt baptized six men, two of whom were 
 teachers. 
 
 In July the first railroad ever constructed in China was opened 
 between Shanghai and Kong Wan. It was built by foreign enter- 
 prise and proved an immediate success, greatly interesting the 
 Chinese and affording much convenience to the Missionaries. 
 
 In August Dr. Nelson reported the reception of eight candi- 
 dates for Holy Orders. Their names were Ching-Chang Wu, 
 Ssz Chia Wha, Ts Ming Chang, Chi Jen Chang, Yuin Yu Sih, 
 Sz Sing Chu, Ah-See, Koh and Zu Soong Yen. They were ad- 
 vanced pupils of Miss Fay's school, and had been employed, some 
 as catechists, some as lay-readers, and all as teachers. Besides 
 these there were four candidates at Wuchang. 
 
 For the year ending June 30th Dr. Bunn reported his attend- 
 ance upon Chinese patients at dispensary, hospital, and their homes, 
 numbering two thousand five hundred and nine men, nine hundred 
 and seven women, and one thousand one hundred and thirty-two 
 children. Two advanced pupils of the Bishop Boone Memorial 
 School were studying medicine under the Doctor's direction. The 
 condition of the Mission generally was very encouraging. In 
 October the Rev. Mr. Hohing retired from the work and returned 
 to the United States. 
 
 At the meeting of the House of Bishops, in October, the 
 Rev. Dr. Schereschewsky, was elected (the second time) to 
 the Missionary Episcopate of China. In November the board- 
 ing-school for boys, so long under the charge of Miss Fay, 
 was enlarged and a Theological department added. The institu- 
 tion was called Duane Hall and Divinity School, as a memorial 
 of the late Dr. Duane, Secretary of the Foreign Committee. 
 Its inauguration took place on the 8th of the month, the twenty- 
 sixth anniversary of Miss Fay's entrance upon missionary labor 
 in China. Among those present were the Very Rev. Dean 
 Butcher, D.D., the Rev. W. Muirhead, the Rev. J. Thomas, S. 
 Wells Williams, LL.D., and J. Macgowan, m.d. The institution was 
 under the superintending care of Bishop Williams, Dr. Nelson 
 was Vice President and Professor of Systematic Theology and 
 Greek, the Rev. E. H. Thomson, Professor of Pastoral Theology, 
 and the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, Assistant Rector. An important 
 feature of the institution was the scholarship system, many of 
 the more proficient Chinese students holding scholarships founded 
 
48 
 
 by friends in the United States. There were thirty pupils in 
 the boarding department, as many more in that for day-scholars, 
 and ten candidates for Holy Orders in the Divinity department. 
 
 In the same month the " Emma Jones " school for girls was 
 re-established by Miss Nelson. This school was founded thirty 
 years before by Bishop Boone, and for about twenty years Miss 
 Emma G. Jones was its able principal. She was succeeded by 
 Miss Catherine E. Jones, who died in 1863, when, owing to the 
 reduced state of the Missionary funds consequent upon the war 
 in this country, the school had to be given up. It was reorganized 
 with fourteen scholarships, secured by Miss Nelson, supported by 
 persons in the United States. During the month of December the 
 Rev. Dr. Nelson baptized nine persons at Kong Wan and twelve at 
 San Ting Kur. 
 
 Early in 1877 the Rev. Mr. Hoyt was compelled to retire from 
 the Mission on account of the long continued illness of Mrs. Hoyt. 
 He reached the United States on the 2 1st of April, and his 
 resignation was, with great reluctance, accepted by the Foreign 
 Committee at their meeting in June. His withdrawal left the 
 Rev. Mr. Boone the only clergyman in Wuchang, and the need 
 for help was vividly portrayed both by himself and Dr. Bunn. In 
 March the Rev. Dr. Schereschewsky made a vigorous appeal to 
 the Church for funds to establish a Missionary College in China, 
 for the purpose of educating natives as teachers and clergymen, 
 through whose efforts the evangelization of the country might 
 be advanced. 
 
 On the 14th of June the Rev. William J. Boone and Miss 
 Henrietta F. Harris were married by the Rev. E. H. Thomson 
 at the Chapel of the Nativity, Wuchang. In August the Rev. Dr. 
 Nelson reported a very encouraging state of affairs in Shanghai 
 and the out-stations at Tsih-pau, Se-king, Sing-tsong, the Pagoda, 
 and Chan-hoo-king, all of which were in regular operation, with 
 large attendance at the preaching places. At Kong Wan and its 
 out-stations, San Ting Kur, and Nan Ziang, good work was 
 being done by the Rev. Hong Neok Woo, there being thirty-two 
 men and twenty-seven women awaiting Confirmation, and two 
 applicants for admission as candidates for Holy Orders. 
 
 On the 14th of September the Rev. Kia Sung Ting died of 
 cholera at Hong Kew. He had been a Deacon for about four and 
 a half years and had rendered valuable service. The Rev. Dr. 
 Nelson said of him: 
 
49 
 
 " His death weakens greatly the working force of our Mission. Of all 
 our clergymen he was the best educated in Chinese. His intellect was 
 vigorous and active, his apprehension ready and clear, and his perception 
 true. His capacity for utterance and abundance of mental resource made 
 him a fluent and often forcible speaker. His knowledge of the language, 
 too, both written and spoken, coupled with his quick understanding, made 
 him a valuable assistant in translation. I could write much that is pleas- 
 ant to think of about his simplicity of character, his courtesy of manner, 
 and his kindness of disposition." 
 
 On the 31st of October, in Grace Church, New York, the Rev. 
 Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., was consecrated " Missionary 
 Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China," by the Presiding 
 Bishop, the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Bosworth Smith, D.D., LL.D., there 
 being present and assisting, Bishops Whittingham of Maryland, 
 Lee of Delaware, Potter of New York, Bedell of Ohio, Whipple 
 of Minnesota, Lay of Easton, Stevens of Pennsylvania, Vail 
 of Kansas, Kerfoot of Pittsburgh, Young of Florida; Assistant 
 Bishop Lyman of North Carolina; Missionary Bishops Spalding of 
 Colorado, Elliott of Western Texas, and Garrett of Northern Texas. 
 Bishop Stevens preached the sermon. The Rev. Drs. John Cotton 
 Smith, Henry C. Potter, George F. Seymour, Theodore A. Eaton, 
 and the Rev. Joshua Kimber took part in the Services. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 1 878-1 879. 
 
 On the 28th of January, 1878, the Mission met with a sad 
 bereavement in the death of Mrs. Bunn. Her illness was of but 
 a few hours' duration, and its sudden termination was most unex- 
 pected. Her high Christian character had greatly endeared her to 
 all her associates. In February the Rev. Mr. Boone, whose health 
 was seriously impaired, left China, accompanied by his wife, for 
 this country, via Paris, arriving in New York on the 29th of 
 July. On the 12th of March, Mr. Daniel M.Bates, Jr., of Delaware, 
 received an appointment to the Mission, to take effect upon his 
 ordination to the Diaconate after graduating from the Berkeley 
 Divinity School. On the same date the Rev. Mr. Hoyt, who 
 had volunteered to return to the field, was reappointed for two 
 years, his family intending to remain in this country; a member of 
 St. Peter's Church, Germantown, assuming one-half of the entire 
 cost of this arrangement. On the 9th of April, Mr. William Seaman 
 Sayres, of Long Island, also a graduate of the Berkeley Divinity 
 School, was appointed, to take effect as soon as he should be ordained 
 to the Diaconate. It was designed that the special work of Messrs. 
 Bates and Sayres should be in connection with the proposed Mission- 
 ary College at Shanghai. Bishop Schereschewsky and his wife sailed 
 on the 20th of April for Liverpool, and after remaining a while in 
 France, sailed from Marseilles on the 8th of September, reaching 
 Shanghai October 20th. The Rev. Mr. Hoyt sailed from San Fran- 
 cisco on the 1st of May, and reached Wuchang on the 18th of June. 
 Under physician's advice Miss Nelson left for home on the 8th 
 of May, reaching San Francisco on the 5th of June. On May 
 19th, in St. Thomas' Church, Hanover, N. H., Mr. William S. 
 Sayres was ordained to the Diaconate by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Niles, 
 Bishop of the Diocese; and on the 16th of June Mr. Daniel M. 
 Bales, Jr., was ordained to the Diaconate in St. Andrew's Church, 
 Wilmington, Del., by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Lee, Bishop of the Diocese. 
 On the 3d of July, at Cambridge, Mass., the Rev. Mr. Bates 
 was married to Miss Sarah L. Russell; and on the 9th of July, 
 at Hanover, N. H., the Rev. Mr. Sayres was married to Miss 
 Rosa Hopkins. 
 
 50 
 
51 
 
 On the 9th of September Mr. and Mrs. Sayres left New York, 
 followed on the 19th by Mr. and Mrs. Bates, and together they 
 sailed from San Francisco on the 1st of October, reaching Shang- 
 hai November 1st. 
 
 The value of the work conducted by Dr. Bunn may be inferred 
 from the fact that during the year ending with June 30th the 
 number of patients attended at dispensaries, hospitals, and at their 
 homes was six thousand five hundred and forty-two men, one 
 thousand four hundred and seventy-five women, and one thousand 
 six hundred and thirty-two children; a total of nine thousand 
 six hundred and forty-nine. The hospital accommodations were 
 still sadly inadequate, applications for admission being constantly 
 denied, and operations declined for want of room. 
 
 The Mission met with a sad affliction on the 5th of October 
 in the death of Miss Lydia M. Fay, at Che-Foo, where she had 
 been staying a few weeks in the hope of benefiting her failing 
 health. During all the long period of her services, commencing in 
 1850, she had been untiring in her devotion to the cause, bringing 
 to her labors such qualities of head and heart as made her of 
 inestimable value to the Mission. Of her eminence as a Chinese 
 scholar the most flattering testimony was borne by natives of the 
 highest literary attainments, as well as by the most accomplished 
 students of that difficult language among the Missionaries of 
 all denominations. 
 
 Before Bishop Schereschewsky's departure from this country he 
 had labored zealously to raise funds for the endowment of the 
 proposed Missionary College at Shanghai, but the straitened 
 financial condition of the country, among other causes, prevented 
 the full accomplishment of his purpose of raising the $100,000. 
 At the close of the year there had been received $12,160.65, and 
 a sufficient sum had been secured in annual subscriptions to 
 support the college for two or three years. On the faith of such 
 pledges an appropriation of $6,000 per annum was made for the 
 support of the institution. 
 
 In the latter part of December Dr. Bunn succeeded in renting a 
 building, thus partially relieving the pressure upon the previous 
 accommodations. With the cordial approval of the Foreign Com- 
 mittee, the institution was entitled " The Elizabeth Bunn Memorial 
 Hospital for Women and Children." 
 
 On the 16th of January, 1879, at the Church of Our Saviour, 
 Hong Kew, there were baptized twenty-eight persons, of whom 
 
52 
 
 three were from Duane Hall and five from the Emma Jones School, 
 besides a teacher and former matron of the latter. During the 
 month of January the Bishop confirmed seventy-six persons; 
 twenty-two in Shanghai proper, twenty-eight at Hong Kew, and 
 twenty-six at Kong Wan. At Shanghai the Rev. Mr. Hoyt baptized 
 thirteen persons, and had four candidates under instruction. 
 
 The death of Miss Emma G. Jones occurred at Baltimore on 
 the 19th of March. Miss Jones, it will be remembered, was one of 
 the party of seven who accompanied Bishop Boone on his return to 
 China in 1845. She was a most faithful Missionary in Shanghai 
 until 1862, and for a great part of the time the principal of the 
 girls' boarding-school at that station. The school was discontinued 
 in 1863, but reopened in 1876, as has been said, under the honored 
 name of "The Emma Jones Boarding-school." 
 
 In pursuance of his plan for the establishment of a Missionary 
 College, the Bishop gave careful attention to the selection of a 
 proper site for the proposed institution, and finally purchased a 
 fine tract of land containing thirteen acres, and known as the 
 " Jessfield estate," located about five miles from Shanghai, with 
 which it is connected by an excellent drive called the "Bubbling 
 Well " road. The property is in the form of a peninsula, on 
 two sides of which runs Suchow creek, a stream navigable for 
 small vessels. In healthfulness and convenience the locality could 
 not be surpassed. On the grounds there stood a very good house, 
 which the Bishop proposed to make his residence. The property 
 occupied by Duane Hall and Baird Hall was leased for a term 
 of years at a profitable rental, and temporary arrangements were 
 made for the accommodation of the pupils. It was intended to 
 continue a native station at Hong Kew, and Services in English 
 and Chinese were to be maintained at the Church of Our Saviour. 
 
 On the 14th of April, Easter Monday, the. corner-stone of the 
 new edifice, to be called St. John's College, was laid with impres- 
 sive ceremonies. In addition to a numerous company of laity, 
 there were present the following clergymen: The Very Rev. Dean 
 Butcher, and the Rev. H. C. Deane, B.A., Holy Trinity Cathedral; 
 the Rev. Dr. Nelson, and the Rev. Messrs. Thomson, Bates, and 
 Sayres, of our Mission; the Rev. Messrs. Farnham and Holt, of 
 the American Presbyterian Mission; the Rev. M. T. Yates, of the 
 American Baptist Mission; the Rev. T. Taylor, B.A., of the London 
 Mission; Messrs. Dalziel and Willis, of the China Inland Mission, 
 and others; in addition to whom there were present the Rev. 
 
53 . 
 
 Messrs. Kong Chai Wong, Yung Kiung Yen, and other native 
 clergymen, besides some thirteen or fourteen native candidates foi 
 Holy Orders. 
 
 The new buildings were designed to occupy an area of one 
 hundred and thirty by two hundred and twenty feet. The prelim- 
 inaries for laying the stone having been completed, a procession was 
 formed, headed by the candidates, who were followed by the foreign 
 and native clergymen, Bishop Schereschewsky and Dean Butcher 
 walking last. In a hollow in the corner-stone were deposited the 
 following articles: Document stating the origin and design of the 
 institution, Digest of the Canons; copy of Genesis, the New Testa- 
 ment, and Morning and Evening Prayer in Mandarin; copy oi 
 Morning and Evening Service, colloquial; document giving the 
 names of the Emperor of China, President of the United States, 
 Queen of Great Britain, United States Consul, British Consul, and 
 the Taotai of Shanghai, the Presiding Bishop of the Church in the 
 United States, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Protestant 
 Missionaries in China; the Church Almanac for 1879, The Spirit 
 OF MISSIONS for November and December, 1878, Municipal Council 
 Report for 1878, and the North China Daily News for April 14th, 
 1879. 
 
 The 1st of May was the twenty-fifth anniversary of Mrs. Thom- 
 son's arrival in China, and the event was very pleasantly cele- 
 brated. At the meeting of the Foreign Committee in June, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That the congratulations of the Foreign Committee be 
 offered to Mrs. Thomson upon the close of her twenty-fifth year of Mis- 
 sionary service in China; that she be assured of the grateful appreciation 
 in which her long-continued and faithful labors are held, and that it is the 
 hope and prayer of those to whom the administration of the Missions of 
 the Church is entrusted that she maybe permitted long to continue in that 
 work for the extension of Christ's Kingdom, to which her life is devoted." 
 
 On the 13th of July the Bishop admitted the Rev. Daniel M. 
 Bates to the Priesthood. Early in this month Dr. Bunn left 
 Shanghai, on account of the serious illness of one of his children, 
 and reached New York on the 8th of September. After his return 
 to this country he submitted his Report to June 30th of that year. 
 In this document it is stated that for the year ending June 30th, 
 1879, the aggregate number of patients attended at the dispensa- 
 ries, hospitals, and at their homes, in Wuchang was : Men, 13,127 ; 
 Women, 4,483 ; Children, 2,645 j Total, 20,255. Toward the 
 close of August the new College buildings were so nearly com- 
 pleted as to permit the removal to them of the pupils of Duane 
 
54 
 
 and Baird Halls. They were placed under the supervision of Mr. 
 Yen, for whom a house had been built. On the 4th of October 
 Mr. and Mrs. Boone, accompanied by Miss Nelson, left San Fran- 
 cisco on their return to China, reaching their destination Novem- 
 ber 6th. In December Mr. and Mrs. Sayres were, at their own 
 request, assigned by the Bishop to the charge of the station at 
 Wuchang. On the 17th of this month the Bishop advanced the 
 Rev. William S. Sayres to the Priesthood. On the 19th a new 
 chapel at San Ting Kur, called St. Stephen's, was formally con- 
 secrated. 
 
 The faculty of St. John's College, for 1878-80, was as follows: 
 The Rt. Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky, D.D., President, the Chinese 
 Classical Department; the Rev. William J. Boone, M.A., Chaplain, 
 Professor of English Language and Literature, and Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy; the Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, M.A., Proctor, Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; the Rev. Daniel 
 M. Bates, Jr., Professor of History and the Evidences of Chris- 
 tianity. The full course was to be six years, embracing instruction 
 in the English language and literature, geography, history, the 
 Evidences of Christianity, natural science, mathematics, natural 
 philosophy, chemistry, astronomy, mental and moral philosophy, 
 and international law. The institution was opened with seven 
 divinity students and forty-nine pupils, under the general charge 
 of the Rev. Mr. Yen ; the Rev. Mr. Boone having charge of the 
 theological department. The accommodations were sufficient for 
 about one hundred in all. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 1880-1882. 
 
 In February, 1880, Miss Josephine H. Roberts, of Brooklyn, N. 
 ' Y., was appointed a teacher in the Jane Bohlen Memorial School. 
 She sailed from San Francisco on the 14th of May and reached 
 Wuchang June 25th. On the 21st of February the Bishop con- 
 firmed a class of forty-three natives in the Church of the Nativity 
 at Wuchang. On the 1st of March Mrs. Sayres died at Wuchang 
 Her health had been failing rapidly for a year, but yet the sudden- 
 ness of the end was altogether unexpected. She was devoted to 
 the Mission cause, and her loss was keenly felt. The two years' 
 service for which the Rev. Mr. Hoyt volunteered having expired on 
 the 26th of March, he left the Mission, via the continent of Europe 
 and reached home on the 6th of June. 
 
 At the temporary chapel of St. John's College, on the 25th of 
 May, the Bishop advanced to the Priesthood the Rev. Hong 
 Neok Woo, who was ordained Deacon in 1874, and had rendered 
 most efficient service. At the same time he admitted to the Diac- 
 onate Messrs. Yung Tsz Yang, Sung Lu Chun, and Zu Sung 
 Yen. Mr. Yang had been a faithful catechist for some seven years, 
 and Mr. Chun had been helping Mr. Thomson in the late Deacon 
 Ting's place. Mr. Yen was a younger brother of the Rev. Professor 
 Yen, of St. John's College. 
 
 On the 8th of June the Committee announced the appointment 
 as Missionary physician of Henry W. Boone, M.D., eldest son of the 
 late Bishop Boone, and born in Batavia, Island of Java. He sailed on 
 the 31st of July, accompanied by his wife and child, reaching Shangr 
 hai August 31st. In the Bishop's report for the year ending June 30th, 
 he made special mention of the great need for a medical depart- 
 ment in St. John's College, and Dr. Boone's arrival was most oppor- 
 tune. After the departure of Dr. Bunn the hospital work at 
 Wuchang was carried on quite effectively under the charge of his two 
 native medical students, but the necessity for abler management 
 was very evident. In October William A. Deas, M.D., a graduate 
 of the Virginia Medical College, was appointed Missionary physi- 
 cian, to be stationed at Wuchang. About this date the Foreigp 
 
 55 
 
56 
 
 Committee announced that the fund for building new wards for the 
 hospital as a memorial to the late Mrs. Bunn, had been completed, 
 and that nearly three thousand dollars had been forwarded to 
 China. On account of the long-continued illness of his eldest son, 
 Dr. Bunn felt compelled to tender his resignation, which was reluc- 
 tantly accepted by the Committee, to take effect on the 1st of 
 November. Their action was accompanied by an expression of 
 sincere regret that the Doctor was obliged to sever his connection 
 with the work of the medical department at Wuchang, which he 
 had so successfully carried on for six years. 
 
 The annual report of the Rev. Mr. Thomson contained some 
 interesting items concerning the work in Shanghai: At Christ 
 Church the Services had been regularly maintained, and the Sun- 
 day-school was making good progress. At Zion Chapel the attend- 
 ance was also encouraging, and the day-schools were flourishing. 
 The out-stations were those at the Pagoda, Poh-tsa, and the West 
 Gate, in charge of native catechists and teachers whose labors were 
 very effective. The stations in charge of the Rev. Mr. Wong were 
 Lau Zak, with two day-schools; one for boys, with thirty pupils, 
 one for girls, with fifteen; Cha Ka Pang, where there were nine 
 converts; Tsing Ka Long, with a day-school of twenty boys; 
 Ing Ziang Kong, a large village in which there was a day-school of 
 thirty boys, eleven of whom were converts; Hong Tseng, where 
 there were nine converts and a day-school of fifteen boys; and Woo 
 Ka Kong, with a day-school of eighteen boys. From Kong Wan 
 the Rev. Mr. Woo reported the baptism of twenty-six persons and 
 an increasing attendance at the boys' and girls' day-schools. The 
 Rev. Mr. Sayres had established a day-school at Wuchang, with 
 twenty-five pupils, and gave an encouraging account of the con- 
 tinued progress of the Bishop Boone Memorial School and the Jane 
 Bohlen Memorial School. During the year he had baptized three 
 adults and five children; the Rev. Mr. Nelson three children; and 
 the Rev. Mr. Wong three adults. 
 
 Owing to failing health, Mrs. Nelson, under the direction of her 
 physician, left Shanghai for the United States on the 30th of Octo- 
 ber. Soon after Dr. Boone's arrival in Shanghai a temporary dis- 
 pensary was established at St. John's, and in December a new hos- 
 pital building in Hong Kew was formally opened under the name 
 of St. Luke's. 
 
 On the 6th of January, 1881, Dr. Deas sailed from San Francisco, 
 arriving at Wuchang on the 1st of March. At the meeting of the 
 
M 
 F 
 
 5 
 > 
 w 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 to 
 d 
 
 si 
 B 
 
 M 
 
 B 
 o 
 
 !> 
 
 M 
 o 
 
 f3 
 !» 
 
 *1 
 
 o 
 
 S3 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 m 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 Ed 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 W 
 
57 
 
 Committee for Foreign Missions, held February 8th, the following 
 action was reached: 
 
 " Whereas, the Foreign Committee are informed that the Rev. Dr. Nel- 
 son, after a term of service extending over about thirty years, has 
 requested from the Missionary Bishop of Shanghai a letter dimissory to 
 the Ecclesiastical Authority of the Diocese of Virginia, and at the same 
 time has placed his resignation of his connection with the Foreign Mis- 
 sionary work in the hands of the Committee, and 
 
 " Whereas, Miss Mary C. Nelson has informed the Committee that she 
 has offered her resignation to the Missionary Bishop, and has laid a copy 
 of the same before them, and 
 
 " Whereas, it appears that Dr. Nelson's request has been acceded to by 
 the Missionary Bishop, and Miss Nelson's resignation accepted by him, 
 and that they both declare their intention of leaving Shanghai, about the 
 middle of January, therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, that it be recommended to the Board of Managers to formally 
 approve such action taken by the Ecclesiastical Authority of the Missionary 
 Jurisdiction in China." 
 
 At the meeting of the Board of Managers, held March 8th, the 
 approval of that body was expressed! Dr. and Miss Nelson left 
 Shanghai on the 13th of January and reached home on the 10th of 
 March. 
 
 In April the Rev. and Mrs. Daniel M. Bates, by the advice 
 of physicians, retired from the field in consequence of the 
 failure of Mr. Bates' health. They left Shanghai on the 6th of 
 April and reached the United States via Europe on the 14th of 
 June. Their withdrawal was made with great reluctance on their 
 own part, and called forth expressions of extreme sorrow and dis- 
 appointment from the Bishop and the other Missionaries. 
 
 The following appointments were made during this year: On 
 the 8th of March Mr. Edwin K. Buttles, of Cleveland, Ohio, was 
 appointed Professor of Natural Sciences in St. John's College, and 
 Mr. Frederick R. Graves, of Geneva, N. Y., was appointed to the 
 Wuchang Mission. Mr. Graves was ordained to the Diaconate in 
 St. Paul's Chapel, New York, on the 12th of June, by the Bishop of 
 New York. On the 14th of June Miss Anna Stevens, of Plainfield, 
 N. J., was appointed a teacher for the Shanghai station, and on the 
 12th of July Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd, of Elizabeth, N. J., was 
 appointed a teacher for the Wuchang station. It was designed that 
 Miss Boyd should act as "House-mother" of the Jane Bohlen 
 Memorial School and be a companion to Miss Roberts who, since 
 the death of Mrs. Sayres, had been alone except for a portion of 
 the time, when she was assisted by Mrs. Schereschewsky. The 
 
58 
 
 entire party sailed from San Francisco on the 6th of September, 
 and reached Shanghai about the middle of October. 
 
 In June the Bridgman Memorial School and the Emma Jones. 
 School were transferred to St. John's and located in a new building" 
 called St. Mary's Hall, designed to accommodate fifty boardings 
 pupils. Both schools were placed under the care of Miss Stevens, 
 with junior and senior divisions. 
 
 The Bishop's report for the year ending June 30th mentioned 
 the slow progress made in building a new church in Wuchang, tor 
 which three thousand dollars had been, some months before, con- 
 tributed by the member of St. Peter s Church, Germantown, who con- 
 tributed so liberally toward Mr. Hoyt's two years' sojourn in China. 
 Meanwhile daily and Sunday Services were continued in the little 
 chapel. The Bishop's removal from Shanghai to Wuchang was 
 made chiefly in order that he might superintend the building opera- 
 tions. During the year the Bishop had held six Confirmations at 
 the different places connected with the Shanghai station and con- 
 firmed in all fifty-six individuals. 
 
 The medical work at Wuchang made good progress under Dr. 
 Deas' care. During the first four months of his service the Doctor 
 treated one thousand five hundred and seventeen cases, the whole 
 number attended during the year having been three thousand eight 
 hundred and seventy-four. At Shanghai the medical department 
 had been organized by Dr. Boone, a dispensary had been built at 
 the entrance to the premises at St. John's, and the Doctor had 
 begun a medical class in connection with which he gave lectures 
 in chemistry and natural science. 
 
 On the 13th of August, while on Episcopal duty at Wuchang, 
 Bishop Schereschewsky was prostrated by sunstroke, inducing 
 partial paralysis and completely undermining his health, already 
 greatly impaired by over-work and anxiety. He was removed to 
 St. John's College, Shanghai, where, under the care of Drs. Boone and 
 Deas, he improved somewhat during the fall and winter following, 
 but it was deemed advisable for him to seek restoration to health 
 in a different climate, and accordingly on the 8th of March, 1882, 
 accompanied by his family, he left Shanghai for Marseilles, pro- 
 ceeding thence to Paris and finally to Geneva, where he arrived on 
 the 19th of May. Previous to his departure the Bishop appointed 
 a Standing Committee to take charge of the affairs of the Mission 
 during his absence. 
 
 On the 1 2th of October, 1881, Dr. Boone met with a severe 
 
59 
 
 affliction in the sudden death of his wife. On Christmas Day the 
 new Church of the Nativity at Wuchang was for the first time 
 publicly used, the Services being very impressive and concluding 
 with the baptism of twenty-five persons. It is a substantial brick 
 structure, with capacity for seating between three and four hundred. 
 
 In February, 1882, Mr. Herbert Sowerby, a former member of 
 the China Inland Mission, accepted an appointment from the 
 authorities in the field as lay-reader, being desirous of becoming a 
 candidate for Orders in this Church, and with his wife was appointed 
 to Wuchang. On the 25th of February the Rev. Mr. Sayres arrived 
 at Shanghai to resume work in St. John's College, according to the 
 original intention before his assignment to Wuchang. On the 13th 
 of April he was united in marriage with Miss Anna Stevens. On 
 April 14th the Rev. Mr. Thomson and family left Shanghai for the 
 United States, via England, reaching home on the 13th of Sep- 
 tember. The day of their departure completed Mrs. Thomson's 
 twenty-eighth year of missionary work. Their absence was 
 intended to be only temporary. On the 19th of April occurred the 
 death of Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd at Hankow. The Jane Bohlen 
 Memorial School for girls, which had been temporarily removed 
 to Hankow, was disbanded, as Miss Roberts could not remain alone 
 at that station. She accordingly removed to Shanghai and was 
 placed as teacher in St. Mary's Hall. 
 
 On the 13th of June Miss Martha Bruce, of Boston, Miss Esther 
 A. Spencer, of Delmar, Iowa, and Miss Sara E. Lawson, of 
 Macomb, 111., were appointed as teachers in Shanghai. Later in 
 the summer Professor Buttles tendered his resignation, which was 
 accepted by the Standing Committee, and afterward approved by 
 the Board of Managers. Soon after his withdrawal from the work 
 he received an appointment under the Chinese government. 
 
 The reports at the close of the Mission year mentioned a con- 
 siderable enlargement of school work in Wuchang and Hankow, 
 three new day-schools and one evening-school having been opened. 
 Two new sub-stations had been established in the cities of Kia- 
 ding and Na-Kong, and placed in charge of the Rev. Mr. Woo, 
 who was assisted by several graduates from the Divinity School, 
 The work in the five departments of St. John's College had gone 
 steadily on, the number of students having averaged about eighty. 
 There were forty pupils in St. Mary's Hall, and the Bishop Boone 
 Memorial School at Wuchang was full, notwithstanding the sending, 
 from time to time, of its advanced pupils to St, John's. 
 
60 
 
 Dr. Boone reported that at St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai, there 
 had been admitted one hundred and fifty-six patients, one hundred 
 and five foreigners had received treatment, and at the. dispensary 
 fourteen thousand one hundred and fifty-seven out-patients had 
 been attended, while at the St. John's College dispensary two thou- 
 sand seven hundred and ninety-three patients had received advice 
 and medicine. The Rev. Mr. Woo supervised the medical work at 
 the out-stations, and at Kong Wan, Ta Tsang, San Ting Kur, and 
 Na-ziang, three thousand seven hundred patients had obtained 
 relief, and large numbers were vaccinated. The medical work at 
 Wuchang had been interrupted by Dr. Deas' attendance upon the 
 Bishop at Shanghai, but showed an aggregate of seven hundred 
 and ninety-one patients treated. 
 
 On the ioth of October Miss Bruce and Miss Lawson sailed for 
 China, arriving at Shanghai November 18th. By request of the 
 Ecclesiastical Authority, Bishop Williams came from Japan in the 
 latter part of October, and on the 22d confirmed seven Chinese in 
 the Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew, and thirteen in St. Paul's 
 Church, Kong Wan. On the 28th, in the Church of Our Saviour, 
 he admitted to the Diaconate Mr. Herbert Sowerby, and advanced 
 to the Priesthood the Rev. Frederick R. Graves; and on the 29th, 
 at the same place, admitted to the Diaconate Messrs. Ching Chang 
 Wu, Ssz Chia Hwa, Yuin Yu Sih, and Yu Tang Chu, native candi- 
 didates for Holy Orders, and graduates from St. John's. In the 
 afternoon of the same day he confirmed fourteen Chinese in the 
 Chapel of St. John's. Mr. Sowerby was assigned to the charge of 
 the Bishop Boone Memorial School at Wuchang. On the 12th of 
 December the Rev. George H. Appleton, of the Diocese of Virginia, 
 was appointed. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 1883-1884. 
 
 The Mission force was further strengthened by the appointment 
 of the Rev. Arthur H. Locke, of the Diocese of Albany, on the 9th 
 of January, 1883. On the 21st the Rev. Mr. Appleton was advanced 
 to the Priesthood by Bishop Whittle of Virginia, in St. Paul's 
 Church, Richmond. The marriage of the Rev. Frederick R. Graves 
 and Miss Josephine H. Roberts was solemnized at Shanghai on the 
 27th of January, and on the 15th of February they sailed for the 
 United States, the visit being undertaken by advice of Dr. Boone, 
 in the hope of restoring Mrs. Graves' health, which was seriously 
 impaired. They reached New York on the 19th of May. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Locke and wife sailed for the field on the 10th of 
 February, reaching Shanghai March 15th. Soon after they pro- 
 ceeded to their station at Wuchang The Rev. Mr. Appleton and 
 wife sailed February 14th and arrived at Shanghai on the 5th 
 of April. The appointment of M. Helen Thompson, m.d., as a 
 Medical Missionary, was made October 10th, 1882, taking effect on 
 the 1st of April, 1883, at the termination of her engagement with 
 the Philadelphia Woman's Hospital. On the 13th of April Mrs. 
 Kate J. Sayers was appointed as a trained nurse to work with 
 Dr. Thompson in China. She sailed on the 30th of June, via 
 Liverpool, arrived at Wuchang about the 1st of December, and 
 immediately entered upon her duties in the Elizabeth Bunn Me- 
 morial Hospital. Miss Spencer left San Francisco on the 14th 
 of June and reached Shanghai on the 6th of September. Her 
 position was that of teacher of English in the schools of St. John's. 
 
 In June there was established at Che-foo a sanitarium for the 
 benefit of the Missionaries stationed at Shanghai, and in August 
 another at Kiu-kiang for the use of those at the Wuchang station. 
 The Rev. Mr. Boone's report for the year ending June 30th gave a 
 most encouraging account of the school work. There were thirty- 
 four day-schools in operation, with five hundred and thirty-one 
 pupils, of whom three hundred and eighty-one were in schools in 
 Shanghai and its neighborhood, and one hundred and fifty at Wu- 
 chang and Hankow. Th'ere wqre one hundred and fifty-one 
 
 61 
 
02 
 
 boarding pupils, of whom eighty-one were in St. John's College, 
 and forty in St, Mary's Hall, Shanghai, and thirty in the Bishop 
 Boone Memorial School, Wuchang. The several departments of 
 St. John's were progressing steadily, and many of the pupils 
 expressed a willingness to pay some portion of the cost of their 
 board and tuition. St. Mary's Hall showed good results under the 
 care of Mrs. Boone and Miss Wong (daughter of the Rev. Kong 
 Chai Wong), assisted by Miss Bruce and Miss Lawson. The 
 Bishop Boone School at Wuchang was ably superintended by 
 the Rev. Mr. Sowerby. 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital, Hong Kew, had been greatly enlarged 
 by the erection of new buildings of the most substantial descrip- 
 tion, and a lot had been purchased upon which there was erected 
 a building for a medical school and residence for the medical pupils, 
 the greater portion of the requisite funds being secured from the 
 sale of the Gutzlaff Hospital, which had been presented by its 
 trustees to the Mission; In return for this donation the use of six- 
 teen beds in St. Luke's was given. Valuable services were received 
 from Dr. R. A. Jamieson, chief consulting surgeon of the Chinese 
 Imperial Maritime Customs Service, an eminent physician and 
 surgeon of twenty years' experience in China. The number of 
 patients attended at St. Luke's and the out-stations during the 
 year was twenty-five thousand two hundred and seventy, besides 
 thousands of vaccinations. The Rev. Mr. Woo had been very 
 successful in raising funds for St. Luke's. About $5, OCX), the 
 largest part of the fund received from native residents of Shanghai, 
 was contributed by a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Chao Ping Li. The 
 sum of $6,000 had been sent by "a few members " of the Church of 
 the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, to " St. John's College Medical 
 School for the Education of Native Physicians and Surgeons and 
 the Training of Native Nurses." Dr. Fong, a graduate of St. John's,, 
 had charge of the dispensary work at the College and also at 
 Chung Zu, a town of five thousand inhabitants, two miles distant. 
 At Wuchang the medical department had also made considerable 
 advancement under the active direction of Dr. Deas. The Eliza- 
 beth Bunn Memorial Hospital for women and children had been 
 completed, and its work of beneficence was in full progress. The 
 total number of patients attended during the year at this station 
 and its vicinity was ten thousand nine hundred and twenty-two. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Woo had labored faithfully and successfully at 
 Kia-Ding, Na-Kong, and villages in their vicinity, holding regular 
 
63 
 
 Services on Sundays and preaching in public places during the 
 week, conducting a day-school and carrying on a dispensary. The 
 Rev. Mr. Wong had been actively employed in the supervision 
 of the thirteen day-schools in Shanghai and its vicinity. Among 
 them were the Rosa Sayres Memorial School for girls (number of 
 pupils not reported); the Emily Williams Memorial School for girls, 
 with fourteen pupils; the Lydia Mary Fay Memorial School for 
 girls, thirteen pupils; the Keith Memorial School for boys, twenty- 
 two pupils; and the Bishop Boone Memorial School, with twenty- 
 four boys and ten girls. Mr. Wong was assisted in the weekly 
 Services by the Rev. Y. K. Yen. At Kong Wan the Rev. Z. 
 S. Yen had rendered effective service, aided by Mr. Tsu Zu Sing 
 and Mr. Kin Ding Ho. The latter had received several years' 
 training in the Wuchang hospital under Dr. Deas' instruction. 
 Mr. Yen also had charge of the stations at San Ting Kur and 
 Da-tsong. There were four day-schools for boys and one for 
 girls at Kong Wan, one day-school for boys at San Ting Kur, and 
 one at Da-tsong, the latter with twenty-four pupils. During the 
 year Mr. Yen had baptized five adults and four infants. 
 
 On the 4th of October, at the Chapel of St. John's College, 
 the Rt. Rev. Dr. Moule, of the Church of England Mission in Mid- 
 China, acting for Bishop Schereschewsky, admitted to the Diacon- 
 ate Messrs. Ching Pang Hsia, and Shian Heng Yang. Mr. Hsia 
 had been a pupil of the Bishop Boone Memorial School, was 
 admitted a candidate in 1876, entered St. John's Theological 
 School in 1879, and was graduated in June, 1880. In Wuchang he 
 had acted as catechist and lay-reader at the Church of the Nativity 
 and the Fu-kai Chapel, and had charge of day-schools. Mr. Yang, 
 the son of the Rev. Mr. Yang, of St. Paul's, Hankow, had pursued 
 a similar educational course, and after his father's ordination 
 assisted him as catechist and lay-reader. During Bishop Moule's 
 visitation he confirmed thirty-one persons in the Chapel of St. 
 John's College and the Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew. 
 
 On the 24th of October the Rt. Rev. Dr. Schereschewsky's 
 resignation of his jurisdiction as Missionary Bishop of Shanghai 
 was accepted by the House of Bishops. He deemed it his duty to 
 resign, in consequence of his long continued illness and the need 
 for active episcopal oversight of the Mission, but still hoped to 
 return to China as a translator, and wished it distinctly understood 
 that he had " not resigned as a Missionary." Subsequently the 
 House of Bishops elected the Rev. George Worthington, D.D., 
 
64 
 
 Rector of St. John's Church, Detroit, Mich., as Missionary Bishop 
 of Shanghai, who, after due consideration, declined the office. 
 
 On the 5th of November, the Rev. Mr. Thomson sailed for his 
 return to China via Liverpool, with special instructions from the 
 Foreign Committee to have a conference with Bishop Schereschew- 
 sky at Geneva, Switzerland, en route. He reached Shanghai on 
 the 13th of March, 1884. Mrs. Thomson and family decided to 
 remain in this country for a time, in order to complete the educa- 
 tion of the older children. On the 7th of November the Rev. Mr. 
 Graves and wife left San Francisco on their return to China, Mrs. 
 Graves' health having been entirely restored. They arrived at 
 Shanghai on the 7th of December. 
 
 The death of the Rev. Henry Lockwood took place at his resi- 
 dence, Pittsford, N. Y., on the 21st of November, in the seventy- 
 seventh year of his age. Mr. Lockwood was one of the two who 
 were first appointed Missionaries of this Church to the Chinese. 
 With his associate, the Rev. Francis R. Hanson, he arrived at 
 Canton, October 29th, 1835. He remained in the field until April 
 6th, 1839, when he returned to this country. Soon afterward he 
 became Rector of Christ Church, Pittsford, continuing in that posi- 
 tion for forty years. 
 
 On the 20th of December, at Shanghai, by the Rev. William J. 
 Boone, Henry W. Boone, M.D., was united in marriage to Miss 
 Annie E. Kirkby. 
 
 Miss Jessie A. Purple, of San Francisco, was appointed a Mis- 
 sionary teacher on the 8th of January, 1884. She sailed on the 
 29th of March and reached Shanghai on the 8th of May. 
 
 The Rev. Yung-Tsz Yang, Deacon of St. Paul's Church, Han- 
 kow, died on the 5th of February, at the age of sixty-one. He had 
 been a successful teacher for many years, and during his Ministry 
 had been a most valuable aid to the Mission cause. 
 
 On the 24th of April the House of Bishops, convened in special 
 session in Grace Church, New York, elected the Rev, William 
 Jones Boone, Chaplain of St. John's College, Shanghai, as " Mis- 
 sionary Bishop of Shanghai having Jurisdiction in China." 
 
 By direction of her physician, Miss Bruce left Shanghai on the 
 25th of April. She returned to this country via England, reach- 
 ing her home in Boston, July 26th. Mr. Sidney C. Partridge, of 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., who had some time previously been appointed to 
 the Mission, but whose departure had been delayed in order that 
 he might complete his theological studies, was ordained to the 
 
65 
 
 Diaconate on the 4th of June by the Rt. Rev. John Williams, D.D., 
 LL.D., in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Middletown, Conn., and 
 on the 1 8th of September, accompanied by his wife, sailed for the 
 field via England On the 2d of June the Rev. Mr. Appleton 
 tendered both his renunciation of the Ministry, and his resignation 
 as Missionary, which latter was accepted. He was afterward 
 deposed by Bishop Williams, who was temporarily in charge of the 
 Jurisdiction. His withdrawal was occasioned by his having 
 embraced the Baptist faith. 
 
 The departure of Dr. M. Helen Thompson for the field had long 
 been delayed by illness resulting from an accident, and finally, to 
 her severe disappointment, she was compelled to relinquish her 
 cherished hope of professional labor in the Elizabeth Bunn Memo- 
 rial Hospital, for which she had been conscientiously preparing for 
 some years. Her appointment was accordingly cancelled on the 
 ioth of June, greatly to the regret of the Foreign Committee. 
 
 The erection of a church to complete the cluster of buildings 
 known as St. John's had long been desired, but funds were lacking 
 until 1881, when the late Miss Lavinia Clarkson, of Pottsdam, 
 N. Y., gave six thousand dollars for the purpose. Bishop Scheres- 
 chewsky's illness and subsequent absence delayed the building, 
 and not until the autumn of 1883 was permission given to begin 
 the work, which was finally commenced on the 1st of May, 1884. 
 The plan, generously furnished by Mr. W. P. Wentworth, architect, 
 of Boston, was for a cruciform structure, with seating capacity for 
 about three hundred people. The walls were to be of gray brick 
 faced with red for the exterior, and red brick faced with gray for 
 the interior. Hard wood and stone were to be used for exposed 
 portions, Oregon pine elsewhere, and the roof was to be of iron 
 tiles. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid on Whitsun-Tuesday, June 3d. The 
 following named clergymen were present and participated in the 
 ceremonies: The Rev. Messrs. Thomson, Wong, Boone, Y. K. 
 Yen, Woo, Chun, Z. S. Yen, Sowerby, Wu, Hwa, Sih, and Chu. 
 The contents of the stone were a Bible, classic form; Prayer 
 Book, The Spirit of Missions for March, 1884; account of the 
 laying of College corner-stone, 1879; memorial sketch of the late 
 Bishop Boone, Church Review articles by the Rev. Messrs. Boone, 
 Bates, and Bunn, 1879 and 1883; list of Protestant Missionaries in 
 China, Japan and Siam, 1884; copy of the North China Daily News, 
 June 3d, 1884; two letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Clarkson, copy of 
 
66 
 
 historical address at laying of the stone, a Mexican dollar, an Indian 
 rupee, a Japanese twenty sen piece, and a Chinese cash. 
 
 Above ground, over the corner-stone, was placed a stone bear- 
 ing the following inscription in both English and Chinese: 
 
 §o the (pious of <?®B 
 
 Jfnd in pious tiemembqance of! $9iss Lauinia 
 
 and $tt(s. Elizabeth (glaqhson, this 
 
 (^hu^ch of jj$t. Xohn is built. 
 
 A B. J 884. 
 
 " Our prayer was," said the Rev. Mr. Boone, " for this stone, 
 laid in the name of GOD and in faith, ' that what we now begin, 
 may in Him be brought to a happy end.' " 
 
 The reports at the close of the Mission year presented a 
 generally encouraging state of affairs. At Shanghai the Rev. Mr. 
 Boone had continued his various labors as President of the Stand- 
 ing Committee, Treasurer of the Mission, and Professor and Chap- 
 lain at St. John's College. He had baptized one adult and ten in- 
 fants, and presented twenty persons for Confirmation. The number 
 of communicants was fifty-three. The Rev. Mr. Wong had super- 
 vised the work of sixteen day-schools, and assisted by two 
 candidates for Orders and two catechists, had held at eleven places 
 in and near Shanghai one thousand three hundred and seventeen 
 Services, the attendance varying between twenty and one 
 hundred and twenty persons. He had baptized eight adults 
 and nine infants, presented eight persons for Confirmation, and had 
 over eighty communicants under his pastoral charge. The Rev. 
 Y. K. Yen had conducted Services, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. 
 Chun and Hwa, Deacons, at two places, had charge of three day- 
 schools, and had baptized six adults and one infant. There were 
 twenty-three communicants under his charge. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Woo had been assisted in his work at Kia Ding by 
 three candidates for Holy Orders and one catechist. Six hundred 
 and forty-three Services had been held at four places, four day- 
 schools had been carried on and considerable dispensary work done. 
 There had been one baptism, and the number of communicants 
 was fourteen. At Kong Wan the Rev. Z. S. Yen had been assisted 
 by the Rev. Mr. Wu, stationed at San Ting Kur; the Rev. Mr. 
 Chu, at Da Tsong, and a catechist at Kong Wan. Seven adults and 
 four infants had been baptized, the number of communicants was 
 eighty-three, eight day-schools had been maintained, and consid- 
 erable medical work performed. 
 
o 
 
 X 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 tr 1 
 I- 1 
 
 M 
 Q 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 W 
 t; 
 
 O 
 2 
 c- 1 
 o 
 w 
 
 CI 
 
 S3 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 " i 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 nH*Mt0*> 
 
67 
 
 The examinations in the different departments in St. John's 
 College and in St. Mary's Hall showed satisfactory progress. At the 
 former there were seventy-five boarding pupils; at the latter forty- 
 two. In the Theological School there were four pupils, the remain- 
 ing candidates for Holy Orders being in active service. 
 
 At Wuchang the Rev. Mr. Locke was devoting his time chiefly 
 to the study of Chinese. The Rev. Mr. Sowerby had charge of the 
 Bishop Boone Memorial School for boys, in which there were 
 thirty-two pupils. The Rev. Mr. Graves conducted the Services at 
 the Church of the Nativity and the Fu-Kai Chapel in Wuchang, 
 and St. Paul's Chapel, Hankow. Two thousand three hundred and 
 sixty-eight Services had been held, and there had been twenty-five 
 adult and eleven infant baptisms. The assistants at these stations 
 were the Rev. Messrs. Hsia and Yang and four catechists. Two 
 day-schools had been maintained at each station. At Wuchang 
 Dr. Deas had registered seven thousand four hundred and ninety- 
 four new cases attended during the year, including out-patients, and 
 at the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital, nineteen patients had 
 received treatment. He had two medical students who were fast 
 becoming valuable assistants. There were five students in the 
 Medical School, and a former pupil of Dr. Bunn had graduated and 
 was in charge of dispensaries at St. John's and at Tsung Zu. The 
 importance of the medical department of Mission work, aside from 
 the direct benefit to the sufferers, was evident from the opportuni- 
 ties it afforded of presenting the truths of Christianity to thousands 
 who might otherwise have never been brought within missionary 
 influence. 
 
 The medical work under Dr. Boone had gone on quietly but 
 effectively, the patients treated at St. Luke's Hospital, the dispen- 
 sary at St. John's, and the out-stations aggregating over thirty 
 thousand, and about fifteen hundred persons had been vaccinated. 
 At the training-school for nurses two men and one woman were 
 under special instruction. Dr. R. A. Jamieson continued to render 
 highly acceptable service in the hospital at Hong Kew. 
 
 The following summary showed the state of the China Mission 
 at the close of the fiscal year, and gave ample reason for thankful- 
 ness, and awakened fresh determination to urge onward the good 
 work. There were thirty-one stations, and the staff comprised sev- 
 enteen clergymen, two foreign Missionary physicians, thirteen for- 
 eign teachers, one trained nurse, and fifty-five catechists, teachers 
 and Bible-readers. There were four boarding-schools, a Divinity 
 
68 
 
 and a medical school, thirty-three day-schools (twenty-five for boys 
 and eight for girls), and two distinct Sunday-schools for children of 
 American residents. The number of native pupils in the day-schools 
 was six hundred and fifty, in the boarding-schools one hundred and 
 fifty-five, nearly all of whom were also attendants of the Sunday- 
 schools. Divine Service was held in thirty-one places, and the 
 aggregate number of public Services during the past year was up- 
 ward of eight thousand, reaching with Christian ministration about 
 twenty thousand persons. There were three hundred and twenty- 
 six native communicants, and ten candidates for Holy Orders. 
 
yiiii mm 
 
 ' ' ft " 
 if - 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 1884— 1887. 
 
 On the 28th of October in the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, 
 English Concession, the Rev. William Jones Boone, D.D., was con- 
 secrated Missionary Bishop of Shanghai having jurisdiction in China. 
 The Right Reverend Dr. Channing Moore Williams, Missionary 
 Bishop of Yedo, acted as consecrator, assisted by the Right Rev- 
 erend Dr. Moule, Bishop of the Church of England in Mid-China, 
 and the Right Reverend Dr. Scott, Bishop of the same Church in 
 North China ; the latter preaching the sermon. The Rev. Elliot H. 
 Thomson and the Rev. Kong Chai Wong were the attending 
 Presbyters. Mr. Wong was present at the consecration of Bishop 
 Boone's father in Philadelphia forty years before. This was the 
 second consecration ever held in China, a Bishop of the Roman 
 Church having been consecrated there a few years ago. Nine 
 Chinese clergymen were present. Despite the severe storm the 
 Chinese Christians were well represented and there was also a large 
 attendance of foreign residents. Bishop Boone performed his first 
 episcopal acts on All Saints' Day by consecrating the Collegiate 
 Memorial Church of St John, and on the same day advanced the 
 Rev. Messrs. Zu-soong Yen and Herbert Sowerby to the Priesthood. 
 The consecration service, with the sermon, and the Holy Com- 
 munion, was in Chinese, but the ordination in English. The Rev. 
 Mr. Thomson presented the candidates and with the Rev. Messrs. 
 Wong and Y. K. Yen joined in the laying-on of hands. 
 
 In October the Rev. W. S. Sayres and wife went to their new 
 station at Ching Kiang on the Yang-tse river, and on the 14th of 
 November he opened a street preaching-place on the busiest street 
 in the city. Mr. Sayres thought there must have been at least 300 
 persons present from first to last. Ching Kiang had at this time an 
 estimated population of about 200,000. 
 
 On Sunday, November 2d, in the Church of Our Saviour, Hong 
 Kew, Messrs. Chih Jen Chang, Kai Ching Li, Tz Ming Chang and 
 Chun Ling Ku were admitted to the Diaconate, and the Bishop 
 wrote : 
 
 '' Thus the last of the young men who were under Miss Fay's training 
 have reached the goal of her hopes and prayers. . . At 4:30 p.m. in 
 
 69 
 
70 
 
 the same church after the Chinese service, Evening Prayer was said in 
 English by the Rev. Mr. Sowerby, and he presented two of the mission 
 staff (who entered the Church by marriage) for Confirmation ; and with 
 this service was completed the first round of new duties that fell to me 
 through the interval that had elapsed since episcopal visitation had been 
 held." 
 
 The force was strengthened by the arrival of the Rev. Sidney 
 C. Partridge in November after a very rough passage from Singa- 
 pore and Hong Kong. Mr. Partridge wrote of the changes that 
 had taken place, saying : " We have a Bishop, and we have a 
 beautiful church which is a gem and would do credit to any Ameri- 
 can city. ... It reflects great credit on every one concerned." 
 Mr. Partridge added an urgent appeal for " men and women worthy 
 of the name" — men and women who would come and throw their 
 whole heart and soul into the cause. 
 
 In St. John's Collegiate Church, Shanghai, Mr. Mei-peng Kwei 
 was admitted to the Diaconate on the 14th of December, and as- 
 signed to duty under Mr. Sayres at Ching Kiang. Mr. Kwei had 
 been for several years connected with the mission in the Bishop 
 Boone Memorial School, Wuchang, and was in the class of 1880 in 
 the theological school, Shanghai. 
 
 The medical work was also strengthened by the appointment, 
 December 9th, of Edgar M. Griffith, M.D., of California, to be as- 
 sociated with Dr. Boone in the large hospital and dispensary work 
 at Shanghai. Dr. Griffith sailed from San Francisco on the last day 
 of the year, arriving at his station on the 2d of February, 1885. 
 
 Finding that there was great need for constant visitation of the 
 many out-stations to give thoroughness to the local work, and that 
 Mr. Thomson was above all others best fitted for this, the Bishop 
 formally appointed him archdeacon, announcing the appointment to 
 the native clergy at the convocation held on the 18th of December. 
 On the Sunday after Christmas Bishop Boone confirmed four men, 
 two women, and a daughter of the Rev. H. N. Woo, in the Church 
 of Our Saviour, Hong Kew, and on the following Sunday, January 
 4th, 1885, confirmed eleven men and four women at St. Paul's, 
 Hankow, where he also baptized the Rev. Mr. Locke's infant 
 daughter. St. Paul's Chapel was opened daily except Saturday for 
 preaching to passers-by, and the usual Sunday services were held. 
 Plans were drawn and builder's estimates obtained for a clergy- 
 house at Hankow. The Bishop hoped that a grant of 3,500 taels 
 might soon be made to cover this cost; 
 
 A division of the work in Wuchang was made : Mr Graves 
 
71 
 
 to have charge of the Chapel of the Nativity, the Church mem- 
 bers, the Deacon and assistants at Wuchang, to preach at Fu 
 Kai chapel, and to act as sub-treasurer. The women's hospital 
 was closed, Dr. Deas feeling unwilling to attempt working two 
 hospitals, should he be able to secure the hoped-for site and 
 build. The Doctor would, however, look after women patients 
 in connection with his own work until a lady physician should ar- 
 rive for the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital, who, he said, was 
 " much needed if the ladies wish to prosecute the special work they 
 have undertaken." The Rev. Mr. Sowerby would have full charge 
 of the Bishop Boone Memorial School, two day-schools, and also 
 visit in-ward hospital patients. On the 16th the Bishop visited Mr. 
 Sayres at the Ching Kiang station, and authorized opening a day- 
 school ; on the Sunday following he preached and administered the 
 Lord's Supper. This visit confirmed his previous belief that the 
 position was most advantageous. 
 
 The Bishop called most earnestly and urgently for more helpers 
 in the field ; telling how sadly the work needed a head master for 
 St John's College ; a young clergyman to be learning the language 
 — and the people — so as to be ready to act with and for Mr. Thom- 
 son ; a well-qualified woman to train a staff of native Bible- readers; 
 a lady physician for the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital, and 
 a lady to reopen the Jane Bohlen Memorial School, so long 
 closed. 
 
 The ladies of the mission at Shanghai organized themselves into 
 a society for " women's work," and Mrs. Boone and Miss Wong were 
 still trying to raise the remaining two-thirds of the sum needed for 
 the orphanage building, the St. Mary's girls having earned nearly 
 one-third. The orphanage was already begun by the reception, ex 
 necessitate, the Bishop said, of several babies whose support was 
 provided by native contributions. Up to this time their " housing" 
 consisted of one end of a room at St. Mary's Hall, the other end of 
 which was devoted to boxes. 
 
 On January 5th, the missionaries, her former pupils and friends 
 gladly welcomed Mrs. E. H. Thomson, who left New York in 
 November of the previous year, and had stopped in Japan for a 
 brief visit to the missionaries at Tokyo and Osaka. 
 
 Dr. Edgar M. Griffith and Miss Sara Esther Lawson were mar- 
 ried by Bishop Boone in St. John's Collegiate Church, Shanghai, on 
 the 12th of February, it being the first wedding in that church. 
 Miss Martha Bruce who by direction of her physician had returned 
 
72 
 
 to her home in Boston in April of the previous year, closed her con- 
 nection with the Society as its missionary on the 26th of April. 
 
 At a public meeting of the " Shanghai Literary and Debating 
 Club " held on March 3d, several able men were advertised to speak 
 against the Christian miracles. After several had spoken, Mr. Yen 
 from his seat near the door arose and moved toward the platform. 
 In the words of a fellow missionary : 
 
 " As this tall and fine-looking Chinaman in a gentlemanly and dignified 
 way began his remarks, a profound silence fell upon all the assembly. 
 He began with the ' ethical element ' and showed how Christianity differed 
 from, and was superior to all the systems of the East, and then proceeded 
 with the ' miraculous element ' as a necessary part of the great religion. 
 , . . It was a tremendous ' crusher ' for our unbelieving foreigners to 
 be met and answered on their own ground and in their own tongue by a 
 Chinese missionary, for they knew perfectly well that they might search 
 the empire from Canton to Peking and not find a Chinaman competent to 
 speak as ably and well on their side of the question." 
 
 Easter Day was one of great joy to all ; its services, contrasted 
 with those of the last year, were full of cheer and encouragement. 
 The work over which darkness and uncertainty then hung like a 
 cloud had been greatly blessed, and now all was bright and hopeful ; 
 the college and schools were full ; the new church was finished, new 
 missionaries were in the field, absent ones had returned, and an 
 episcopal head was once more set over the mission to guide and 
 control. It was the time of the Chinese " feast of graves " and the 
 smoke from incense and the idol-money burned upon the graves and 
 tombs mingled with the fragrance of the Easter flowers. 
 
 On May 1st the Rev. William S. Sayres and family sailed from 
 Shanghai, arriving in New York on the 8th of June, anticipating his 
 vacation by a few months because of the serious illness of one 
 of his children. The work at Ching Kiang was, however, carried 
 on by the Rev. Mr. Kwei and a catechist. Circumstances very 
 much regretted by the Board led to the retirement of the Rev. Mr. 
 Sayres on May 1st, 1886, after six and one-half years' service in 
 the field. 
 
 The Rev. Augustus C. Hoehing, who had been a missionary of 
 the Board from 1866 to 1876, serving at Peking, Wuchang and 
 Hankow, died in New York city on the 9th of May. Mr. Hoehing 
 had recently been pastor of a German congregation in New York. 
 
 A new chapel, to which was attached a dispensary and school- 
 room, was erected at Yung-ziang Kong (near Shanghai) by contri- 
 butions received through the Women's Committee on Work lor 
 
73 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Diocese of New York. The chapel was 
 under the general care of the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, assisted by 
 the Rev. Chun Lin Ku, resident Deacon, and a catechist, and since 
 its opening much interest was manifested among the natives, who 
 attended in numbers, even the women coming, which was quite un- 
 usual. The school was crowded, and Mr. Thomson thought a good 
 girls' school might easily be established. This was the place where 
 the people had threatened to beat Mr. Thomson and to pull the 
 house down if he began to build. A new station was also opened 
 on Ascension-Day, about three miles west of the college. On 
 Whitsun-day Bishop Boone confirmed ten persons at St. Paul's 
 Chapel, Kong Wan, one of the oldest of the outlying stations. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Locke made an urgent appeal for a mission resi- 
 dence in Hankow, as although but two years had passed since he 
 arrived in China, he and his family had been obliged to move four 
 times, and they were "fain to long for rest." An appropriation was 
 made for this building by the Foreign Committee at their meeting 
 in June. Mr. Locke reported the chapel in excellent order, located 
 in a friendly neighborhood and showing tangible fruits of the work 
 done there, he having baptized twenty-one persons, of whom nine- 
 teen were adults, and at the Bishop's last visitation fifteen were 
 confirmed. The two day-schools, having some forty pupils, were 
 under good teachers and doing well. A man of the literary caste 
 from the hill country of Hounan came to Hankow to investigate 
 Christian teaching, having for two years studied religious subjects, 
 sometimes in Buddhist temples, sometimes with the Tauists ; un- 
 satisfied, he could not rest. Later, he applied for Baptism — at once 
 and forever he wished to bind himself to Christ, and would labor 
 faithfully to prepare his people for the coming of the Gospel. He 
 returned to his home after his baptism carrying a Bible and some 
 other books and followed by earnest prayers. 
 
 At the Collegiate Church, Shanghai, on April 8th, the marriage 
 of Dr. Fong, Chinese house-surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital, to one 
 of the graduates of St. Mary's Hall was celebrated. " Everything," 
 Mr. Partridge wrote, "was thoroughly Chinese, except the absence 
 of heathen rites and superstitions, which was noticeable to every 
 one." The long-wished for orphanage at last seemed to be on the 
 eve of becoming an institution, there being in bank a building-fund 
 of $200. St. Mary's Orphanage was the name chosen by the Ladies' 
 Guild and when the building should be " an established fact and not a 
 dream," it was purposed to increase the number of babies from 
 
74 
 
 seven to twenty, ten of whom they hoped to secure support for in 
 China, looking to friends at home to provide for the remaining' ten. 
 Thirty dollars per year would be required for each infant's support. 
 
 In July Dr. Griffith reopened the medical station at Tsung Zu,. 
 about two miles from St. John's, and was disappointed at finding 
 only one patient ; but on his next visit was greeted by a house filled 
 to overflowing with persons who wished to consult " the new foreign 
 doctor." It was hoped that the station would become a flourishing 
 branch of the medical work of St. Luke's Hospital and the college. 
 
 For the year ending June 30th Dr. Boone reported many sur- 
 gical operations all of which were successful ; he hoped the medical 
 students would be much benefited by the manikin sent out by the 
 Foreign Committee, and alluded to the special work among the 
 women which in China only a woman could do. In the medicaL 
 department of the college were five medical students, the senior 
 living at St. Luke's Hospital and performing the duties of an interne 
 there ; another lived in the college and studied under Dr. Griffith ; 
 the remaining three were in the Medical School building adjoining 
 Dr. Boone's house. During the year the number of patients treated 
 at St. Luke's was 26,340 ; at out-stations, 10,234, making in all 
 36,574. Of this number 12,907 were new cases. Two men and one 
 woman were being trained as nurses. The Rev. Mr. Woo was in 
 charge of the medical work at Kia Ding and neighboring stations. 
 Dr. Boone made grateful acknowledgment of his indebtedness to 
 Dr. Jamieson, who still continued his " self-imposed labors," and ex- 
 pressed his pleasure at the coming of Dr. Griffith who was associated 
 with him. At Wuchang Dr. Deas reported steady progress. In 
 hospital and dispensary 233 in-patients and 8,144 out-patients — all 
 new cases — had been treated. The total number of visits during 
 'the year was 19293 exceeding that of the previous year by about 
 2,500, notwithstanding the Doctor's illness and absence for several 
 months. The Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital for Women 
 and Children had been closed in March, and Mrs. Kate J. Sayers 
 transferred by the Bishop to Shanghai to work among the women 
 there. The building was temporarily occupied as a men's hos- 
 pital, and Dr. Deas reported ten in-patients and two surgical 
 operations. 
 
 Mrs. Rose Points Nelson, wife of the Rev. Dr. Robert Nelson, 
 having been a missionary in China for thirty years and who, with 
 her husband, left the field in 1881, died at her residence in Wood- 
 bury, Connecticut, on the 13th of September. Her influence in the 
 
75 
 
 missionary field had a positive and special character. A former mis- 
 sionary wrote : " Mrs. Nelson was always energetic and helpful, 
 and ships are now sailing every sea carrying men who will mourn 
 almost as for a mother or a sister when next they arrive in port and 
 learn that she is dead." 
 
 On St. Micnael and All Angels' Day the Bishop advanced to the 
 Priesthood the Rev. Sidney C. Partridge, assisted in the laying-on 
 of hands by the Rev. Messrs. E. H. Thomson and K. C. Wong, and 
 the Rev. F. R. Smith, chaplain of the English Cathedral, Shanghai. 
 On October ist the Bishop reconstituted the Standing Committee, 
 adding to the Rev. Messrs. Thomson and Yung Kiung Yen, 
 the Rev. Messrs. Graves, of Wuchang, Locke, of Hankow, and 
 Partridge, of Shanghai. On the same day St. Mary's Orphan- 
 age wassppened by the Bishop who made an address in English, and 
 Mr. Wong made an address in Chinese. The house contained four 
 rooms, with an out-building which joined it by a covered veranda to 
 St. Mary's Hall. 
 
 On St. Simon and St. Jude's Day, October 28th, in St. Paul's 
 Chapel, Kong Wan, Mr. Tsz Shin Chu was admitted to the Diaconate 
 in the presence of a number of the native clergy and laity. Mr. Chu 
 had been connected with the mission for a number of years, having 
 been Miss Fay's pupil; he graduated at the theological school in 
 1882, and had since been working as catechist and assistant under 
 the Rev. Mr. Yen at Kong Wan. The death of Dr. Sung Kwei 
 Fong which occurred on the 17th of November was a great loss to 
 St. Luke's Hospital where he had been house-surgeon. Dr. Fong 
 was the youngest of four young students of medicine under Dr. 
 Bunn at Wuchang, was confirmed there, and had been with Dr. 
 Boone since 1880, either at St. John's or St. Luke's, everywhere 
 proving trustworthy and capable. 
 
 On the first of December the Rev. Mr. Graves and family were 
 temporarily transferred to St. John's College where Mr. Graves was 
 to act as professor and have the chaplaincy of the institution. The 
 Bishop went for a visit to Ching Kiang, the new up-river station, to 
 celebrate the Holy Communion and examine the school and the 
 work. On the second Sunday in Advent he confirmed six men and 
 six women at St. Paul's, Kong Wan, which with the ten confirmed 
 on Whitsun-day the Bishop thought was a good harvest for the 
 country parish. Nearly forty communicants were present. On the 
 following Sunday four men and two women were confirmed at Kia 
 Ding, and received the Holy Communion, and a week later at the 
 
76 
 
 Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew, a class of five men and seven 
 women was presented by the Rev. Kong Chai Wong for Confirma- 
 tion. Bishop Boone wrote favorably concerning the progress of 
 the students in the theological and collegiate departments of St. 
 John's. The preparatory department had fifty-one pupils under 
 Miss Spencer, Mr. Koh and Mr. Yang. Miss Spencer's boys con- 
 tributed many strings of cash for the benefit of the babies of the 
 orphanage. All three of the departments passed favorable exam- 
 inations. The Rev. Mr. Woo was appointed to the chaplaincy of 
 St. Luke's Hospital, where it was thought he could greatly promote 
 its interest in many ways, and would devote Sundays to aiding the 
 Rev. Mr. Wong who was not able to endure much strain. The Rev. 
 Mr. Chu was obliged to retire because of illness. The station at 
 Tsung Zu reopened in the summer fully met Dr. Griffith's anticipa- 
 tions of usefulness, and was now almost entirely in charge of Mr. 
 Wong, his medical student at St. John's. The number of out- 
 patients treated at St. John's dispensary for the last quarter of the 
 calendaryear was 253, exclusive of persons connected with the mis- 
 sion ; these patients had made 1,050 visits to the dispensary in the 
 time specified. On his recent visitation up the river Bishop Boone 
 had confirmed ten men and boys and five women in the Church of 
 the Nativity, Wuchang, and seventeen persons at St. Paul's, Han- 
 kow. Mr. Partridge accompanied the Bishop as far as Nan-King 
 where he was going for practice in speaking the Mandarin colloquial. 
 The force was increased in January, 1886, by the appointment 
 as lay-worker of Mr. Thomas Protheroe, already in the field. Mr. 
 Protheroe was confirmed at Ching Kiang in January ; having applied 
 for Holy Orders he was sent to Wuchang to study under the Rev. 
 Messrs. Sowerby and Locke, one-half of each day to be given to 
 work in the street chapels and to other outside work. At Wuchang, 
 with the Bishop's approval, Mrs. Sowerby opened a day-school for 
 girls, beginning with eleven. Mr. Sowerby started a Bible-class 
 for servants and working classes on Sunday evenings numbering 
 twenty, which was kept up through the Chinese New Year holidays 
 by request of the members. There was also a good attendance of 
 men, women and children upon the Sunday services. March 28th 
 the Bishop confirmed seven men at St. Paul's, Hankow, April 12th 
 baptized twelve catechumens, and the same day confirmed in the 
 Church of the Nativity, Wuchang, an old man, three women, and 
 four boys from the Bishop Boone Memorial School who were also 
 choir boys of the church. 
 
77 
 
 It having been decided to remove the work from Ching Kiang 
 to Wu Hu, where the Rev. Mr. Kwei and Mr. Hung were to have 
 charge, they had secured a house containing six rooms to be used for 
 the work, and on the 14th and 1 5th of March these rooms were dedi- 
 cated by the Bishop in the presence of the missionaries from the 
 stations on the Yang-tse river above and below Wu Hu, and the 
 work was formally inaugurated. Probably 200 persons listened to 
 the preaching on the first day. An eligible site was secured (in the 
 native city) at Wuchang for the men's hospital, the appropriation 
 for which had already been made by the Board. 
 
 On May 1st Bishop Boone sailed from Shanghai, stopped at 
 Geneva for a two days' visit with Bishop Schereschewsky, and 
 joined Mrs. Boone and their children, who had preceded him, in 
 London on the 19th of June ; sailed from Rotterdam July 24th and 
 reached New York August 6th. Their two daughters were left in 
 the Moravian Institution at Neuwied-on«-the-Rhine. 
 
 The death of Mrs. Charlotte Irene Partridge at St. John's Col- 
 lege on the 3d of May caused great sorrow to the missionaries at 
 Shanghai. Mrs. Partridge had been failing for some time but kept 
 bravely on with her work until very near life's close. The Bishop 
 wrote from Hong Kong where the sad tidings reached him : 
 " Please say forme, ' She hath done what she could.' Her quick 
 mind and sympathy made her at one with the work and with our 
 native workers, especially at St. Mary's Hall and the orphanage, in 
 a wonderfully short time after her arrival. Up to and beyond her 
 strength she did all she could during her brief term in China." 
 
 Mr. Thomson said of her : " Hers was a bright and lovely char- 
 acter ; she is a great loss to the mission. Many hearts are sad 
 among the natives as well as among the foreigners." 
 
 Dr. Griffith wrote of her Christian patience and fortitude, and of 
 her good deeds lovingly performed. 
 
 The new station at Sha-sze was visited by Mr. Sowerby and re- 
 ported as likely to be of much advantage to the work, the town 
 being second to Hankow. Mr. Hsia was left in charge and would 
 report to Mr. Sowerby when he should have found a suitable house 
 for a day-school. The government had lately issued a proclama- 
 tion giving permission to the Chinese to enter the Christian churches 
 if they pleased ; but forbidding them to hurt or insult either mis- 
 sionaries or their converts, as the said churches taught the people 
 to be good, and the missionaries only came to do good. Mr. Sow- 
 
78 
 
 erby said this order was obeyed to the letter while he was at 
 Sha-sze. 
 
 An addition to the force at Shanghai was made by the appoint- 
 ment of Mr. Francis L. Hawks Pott of New York to take effect 
 when he should be ordained. He was admitted to the Diaconate 
 on Trinity Sunday, June 20th, in St. Thomas's Church, New York. 
 On August 25th a farewell service was held in Grace Church 
 chantry, and on the following day the Rev. Mr. Pott sailed for the 
 field, arriving at Shanghai on the 19th of November. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Nelson, D.D., for more than thirty years a 
 missionary in China, died at Oakland, Va., on the 15th of July. 
 During a large part of the time Dr. Nelson was rector of the Church 
 of Our Saviour, Hong Kew, and thus was virtually pastor of two 
 congregations — one American, the other Chinese. He was a firm 
 believer in medical missions and largely through his exertions the 
 institution now known as St. Luke's Hospital was carried on and 
 did an extensive and valuable work for years, although not in 
 charge of a medical missionary. 
 
 Bishop Schereschewsky and family sailed from Rotterdam Au- 
 gust 2 1st, arriving in New York September 3d ; from thence they 
 proceeded to East Orange, N.J., intending, for a time, to reside 
 there. 
 
 In his address before the Board of Missions at the General Con- 
 vention, Bishop Boone referred to the importance of the day and 
 boarding-schools as missionary agencies, and stated that there were 
 now gathered in the day-schools more than 800 pupils, and 153 in 
 the boarding-schools. Especially to the Chinese girls these schools 
 brought wondrous blessings. In the Bishop's own words : 
 
 " They take the girls from the midst of ignorance and superstition and 
 folly and bring them up to a reverential fear of God, to an understanding 
 of their proper place, to be industrious, helpful wives in the homes to 
 which they shall go, Christian mothers to the children whom they bear, 
 lights and examples to the heathen women about them who know nothing 
 of what Christ has done for women." 
 
 At the close of the mission year St. Luke's Hospital reported 
 11,400 new cases and 23,302 visits. At Wuchang 400 men were 
 treated in the hospital wards, and of the thousands who visited the 
 dispensary 1,288 were women. 
 
 In October the Jane Bohlen Memorial School for girls was re- 
 opened under the care of Mrs. Sowerby, and the girls' day-school 
 was doing well. 
 
 At Shanghai, in the early morning of November 12th, the Rev. 
 
79 
 
 Kong Chi Wong entered into rest. He was the first person bap- 
 tized, confirmed and ordained by the elder Bishop Boone. Mr. 
 Wong was admitted to the Diaconate in 1851, and advanced to the 
 Priesthood in 1863, and for thirty-five years had borne faithfully the 
 burden and heat of the daily battle with heathen indifference and 
 superstition. 
 
 Early in 1887 Miss Purple's health failed so fast that she was 
 directed by her physicians to leave China as they felt satisfied 
 that to prolong her stay would lessen her chances of recovery. She 
 was unwilling to leave so long as there was a possibility of useful- 
 ness. She, however, sailed from Shanghai on the 10th of February, 
 was transferred to the " Ravenna " at Colombo, and died on board 
 that vessel on the morning of the 22d of March, and in the after- 
 noon of the same day her body was committed to the Mediterranean 
 Sea. Obituary resolutions were adopted by the Standing Com- 
 mittee in China, copies of which were forwarded to Miss Purple's 
 family, and to the Board for publication. 
 
 A plan to organize the various medical missionaries into a med- 
 ical association to bring the physicians into closer fellowship and to 
 publish a quarterly journal in the interest of their work was pro- 
 posed by Dr. Boone, and met with great encouragement from his 
 medical brethren. The organization was accomplished, and of the 
 five Vice-Presidents Drs. Deas and Boone were chosen for the dis- 
 tricts respectively of Hankow and Shanghai. Dr. Griffith was 
 elected Secretary and Treasurer for all China, and Dr. Boone was 
 appointed a delegate to the International Medical Congress to be 
 held at Washington, D. C, in the following September. 
 
 In March Mr. Sowerby reported the new station at Wu Hu as 
 prospering under the care of the Rev. Mr. Kwei and Mr. Fong. 
 Miss Kwei, formerly a pupil of the Jane Bohlen School, was teaching 
 the girls' day-school. Mrs. Kate J. Sayers being convinced that 
 her work could be better done at home than among a people of 
 strange speech and ways resigned, and sailing from Shanghai on the 
 16th of April, reached London in May, and arrived in New York 
 the following autumn. The Bishop reiterated the cry for earnest 
 and devoted women to consecrate themselves for work among their 
 sisters in China. The orphanage was found to be too small for more 
 than twenty babies, and Miss Wong was anxious to have the Bishop 
 come back and enlarge the building, as a nursery, another large 
 room for the older children, and a bath-room were much needed. 
 
 Dr. Boone and family left China on the 21st of May and, via 
 
80 
 
 San Francisco reached New York in July, this being the Doctor's 
 first vacation. The Rev. Mr. Locke set forth the great need of a 
 new church building at Hankow, as the chapel was designed only 
 for street-preaching, and as a place for worship was cramped, barren 
 and altogether cheerless. The baptized numbered more than a 
 hundred, and there were sixty pupils in the day-school. 
 
 Two very important steps toward progress were taken by the 
 Chinese Government — the first, the appointment of a corps of offi- 
 cials to travel in western countries and study their civilization ; the 
 second, the introduction of mathematics and other western studies 
 in the government competitive examinations Thirty years ago 
 either of these steps would have served to make a Chinese of the 
 old school think the end of the world was at hand. 
 
 On the 27th of August, Bishop Boone left New York, and sailed 
 from Victoria by the " Abyssinia " on September 7th, reaching Tokyo 
 the 24th of that month, and, after a brief visit with Bishop Williams, 
 arrived at his brother's house in the foreign concession, Shanghai, 
 on the 4th of October, where deputations from the college and out- 
 stations came to welcome his return. Mrs. Boone and her son re- 
 mained in this country for a time. Dr. Boone having voluntarily 
 given up four months of his vacation, with his family left New York 
 November 12th, but was detained in London by very serious ill- 
 ness and did not reach the field until February, 1888. 
 
 At the close of the mission year in the Shanghai district the 
 Sunday and week-day services had an increasing attendance at the 
 twenty-five stations and out-stations, and there had been fifty-five 
 baptisms, but no new out-stations had been opened as the staff was 
 not large enough to properly care for more. A lot was purchased 
 near Kia Ding, in the hope that in time a chapel, dispensary, resi- 
 dence and school-buildings might be erected. The day-schools had 
 been unusually full and the attendance regular on the part of the 
 boys. It was more difficult to keep the girls as they grew old 
 enough to work. There had been much sickness among the St. 
 Mary's girls and the location of the school-building was pronounced 
 unfavorable to health. Work in all the college departments and at 
 St. Mary's Hall had gone on prosperously. The Rev. Mr. Woo, 
 chaplain of St. Luke's Hospital, showed that the work could be 
 greatly strengthened with large means at command and hoped for an 
 endowment of the work at Kia Ding. Dr. Boone reported favor- 
 ably of the eight medical students ; acknowledged his obligations 
 to Dr. R. A. Jamieson and Dr. H. Mason Perkins, dental surgeon, 
 
81 
 
 for valuable services ; testified to the efficiency of the native staff — 
 educated in the mission medical school — the assistants, and the 
 matron who had been a most helpful worker for seven years, and 
 added: "To the energy and devotion of the Rev. Mr. Woo the 
 hospital owes much of its success." The number treated at St. 
 Luke's was, in-patients, 601 ; all others seen for the first time, 8,627, 
 and the total number of visits made by these, 23,505. 
 
 Upon the Bishop's return to the jurisdiction Mr. Graves went 
 back to the work in Wuchang and Mrs. Graves resumed the charge 
 of the Jane Bohlen Memorial School. Mr. Partridge, at his own re- 
 quest, was assigned by the Bishop to Wuchang and the Bishop 
 Boone Memorial School placed in his care. At Wuchang and 
 Hankow the work had been carried on with vigor. The Church 
 members statedly contributed and were regular in attendance upon 
 the services. The day-schools prospered, especially Mr. Tsang's, 
 the last opened, which was so successful that applications for ad- 
 mission had to be refused. All the Jane Bohlen girls were baptized. 
 
 At Sha-sze Mr. Sowerby reported the work as most encouraging ; 
 four men had been baptized ; the day-school with twenty-three 
 pupils was doing well. Since the previous June the work of Christ's 
 Hospital (for men) had been carried on at the new site purchased 
 in the native city, and the Chinese buildings standing there were 
 used as hospital wards. About $1,200 had been raised by the Bish- 
 op toward the new structure while in this country. In the wards 
 456 patients had been treated, and 8,103 at the dispensary who had 
 made 25,998 visits, the class of diseases being such as to require 
 repeated visits on the part of many. 
 
 The Rev. A. H. Locke had worked almost alone at Hankow; Mr. 
 Protheroe, a candidate for Orders and a native Deacon being as- 
 sociated with him. Mr. Locke was constantly impressed with the ne- 
 cessity of making that station a very strong centre, as Hankow had 
 a larger floating population than any other city in China, and those 
 who returned from it to their homes would carry the story of the 
 Cross. There were already forty- two communicants, fourteen 
 adults had been baptized and two day-schools and one Sunday- 
 school were carried on. The extraordinary rise in the river, however, 
 had put both school-buildings under water and they were not likely 
 to be in condition to reopen for two or three months. So much 
 rain had not fallen at any one time within the last thirty years. The 
 rear wall of St. Paul's having been much damaged by the heavy 
 snows of the previous winter and the excessive rainfall of the spring. 
 
82 
 
 it seemed expedient to remove it, and a small recess chancel was 
 added at a comparatively small cost enlarging the seating capacity. 
 A new church, however, was sadly needed as even with this addi- 
 tion the building was far too small for the rapidly growing congre- 
 gation. 
 
 In October Bishop Boone visited Wu Hu, celebrated the Holy 
 Communion and confirmed five men, and proceeding to Wuchang 
 confirmed twenty women and girls and ten men. The Church of 
 the Nativity had to be abandoned, being unsafe, and divided ser- 
 vices were held — for men in the unused main ward of the Women's 
 Hospital, and for women in the Chinese reception-room. After the 
 Confirmation service by the Bishop's direction the building was to 
 be taken down and the windows, tiles, flooring, etc., stored for re- 
 building. The woman's work and girls' school were in excellent 
 condition. Mrs. Sowerby had been " the mainspring of it all," as- 
 sisted in the teaching by the native Christian helpers. Mr. Sowerby 
 and family left for their vacation on December 15th, reaching Lon- 
 don January 30th, 1888. 
 
 On the First Sunday in Advent a special Confirmation was held 
 at Shanghai in the college for ten of the St. Mary's Hall girls. In 
 all thirty-seven had been confirmed from this school. Because of 
 seriously impaired health Dr. E. M. Griffith was obliged to retire 
 from the China mission. He sailed from Shanghai November nth, 
 reaching San Francisco December 5th. The Rev. Mr. Pott had 
 made such progress in his study of the language that he was able 
 to preach a sermon in Chinese on Christmas morning in the Church 
 of Our Saviour, Hong Kew. The native Christians decorated 
 Christ Church in the city for the Christmas-tide, and a feast 
 for the very poor was provided by Miss Spencer, who also spent 
 much thought and labor on the Christmas tree for the college boys. 
 Miss Wong, with the help of some kind friends, also provided a 
 Christmas tree for St. Mary's Hall. 
 
 At the Holy Communion on Christmas Day in Wuchang eighty- 
 five communicants were present ; and an impressive midnight ser- 
 vice was held at New Year's. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 1888— 1889. 
 
 The first ordination in the mission in central China was held on 
 the Feast of the Epiphany, 1888, when Messrs. Tsang-fa Nei, I-fu 
 Tsun, Tsen-seng Fung, Ming-kao Hwang and Swun-I Wang were 
 admitted to the Diaconate in St. Paul's Chapel, Hankow, owing to 
 the dilapidated and unsafe condition of the Church of the Nativity, 
 Wuchang. The candidates were presented by the Rev. Messrs. 
 Graves and Locke, the former preaching the sermon. All of these 
 young Deacons were former students of the Bishop Boone School 
 and graduated from St. John's College, and were the first to be or- 
 dained among their own people. They had taught and otherwise 
 assisted as catechists during the intervening years. Mr. Tsun would 
 aid Mr. Partridge in the Bishop Boone School, and Mr. Nei was to 
 work at Hankow under Mr. Locke ; Mr. Fung was to return to Wu 
 Hu to work with Mr. Kwei ; Mr. Hwang went back to Hang Yang, 
 a sub-station of Hankow, and Mr. Wang became the Rev. Mr. Graves' 
 assistant in the parish work of the Church of the Nativity, Wuchang. 
 
 Mrs. Griffith, who had been prevented by the severe illness of 
 their child from going with her husband, left the mission January 
 6th, and reached San Francisco early in February. Mr. Thomas 
 Protheroe's services as lay-worker at Hankow terminated February 
 29th. 
 
 On March 13th Marie Haslep, M.D., who was appointed in Feb- 
 ruary as missionary physician-in-charge of the Elizabeth Bunn 
 Memorial Hospital for Women and Children, at Wuchang, left her 
 home in Indianapolis and sailed from San Francisco on the 24th, 
 reaching Shanghai April 24th, and with the Bishop and Miss A. P. 
 Wong proceeded to her station at Wuchang which she reached on 
 the nth of May. In their letters to the Board and to friends at 
 home urgent appeals were made by the missionaries for new church 
 buildings at Wuchang and Hankow. Mr. Partridge wrote : 
 
 " I appeal to all friends of our mission work for help to rebuild our fallen 
 Church of the Nativity. . . . We are cramped now into a room in 
 the women's hospital which will be well nigh unendurable in the intense 
 heat that is before us. . . . God's House must be our first care, we 
 will sacrifice all else for this." 
 
 - 83 
 
84 
 
 Mr. Locke asked a grant from the Board toward a church edifice 
 at Hankow, where he said there were "fine heathen temples 
 enough to make the heart ache, and God alone is without such ex- 
 ternal witness and testimony of loving worship." St. Paul's Chapel 
 was built some fourteen years before to seat about a hundred, 
 and the congregation had outgrown its capacity and was still 
 growing. 
 
 On the 29th of March Mr. Pott was advanced to the Priesthood 
 in St. John's College chapel, and would be associated with Bishop 
 Boone in the college ; but he hoped to be released for out-station 
 work when the longed-for reinforcements for St. John's should 
 come. Several rooms were being added to the orphanage, and so 
 soon as part of this addition could be available for housing the girls 
 of St. Mary's Hall, the old building would give place to a better 
 one, a grant of $2,500 having been made by the Board in April for 
 this purpose. 
 
 The opening of the great upper Yang-tse river to foreign traffic 
 was now being agitated, and the " Ku-ling " a flat-bottomed, light- 
 draught steamer built in sections in England and put together in 
 Shanghai, was anchored near Hankow intended to be the pioneer of 
 the upper river, and to run from I-chang — the present limit — to 
 Chung King, over 500 miles beyond, this being the ultimate point 
 which the English in Burmah and the French in Tonquin were try- 
 ing to reach by railway. Mr. Partridge thought it might not be 
 very many years before our clergy at Wuchang would return to this 
 country by way of central China and Burmah instead of making the 
 long journey around Singapore. 
 
 The work at Hankow continued to grow. Thirteen boys from 
 the day-school were being prepared for Baptism ; these were the 
 first candidates from day-schools and much was hoped from their 
 influence in their homes. A Bible-woman had a day-school of 
 twenty-five girls in connection with her work. Of the growing 
 work in Hounan Mr. Locke wrote in May as follows : 
 
 "'Mr. Ku has more than justified our anticipation. . . . He is a 
 scholar who has taken his degree and numbers among his converts a 
 large proportion of scholars and men of rank hitherto mostly inaccessible 
 to us. He has not only done this work in the city of Kuang Cho, but has 
 traversed most of the country round about and talked the Gospel from 
 house to house. All this he has done of his own motion and at his own 
 expense. . . . Mr. Ku has been here for Confirmation with two 
 others, and another was baptized yesterday. We have thus far baptized 
 twenty-three adults and confirmed three. ... I believe the work is 
 of God and utterly free from sordid consideration. . . . The Honan 
 
85 
 
 ■work will cost me my most able assistant, Deacon Yang, ... of all 
 most competent to take the oversight there." 
 
 At Wu Hu on Ascension Day the Bishop baptized two men, two 
 women and two infants, and visited the boys' and girls' schools in 
 the native city under the care of the native Deacons Mei-ping Kwei 
 and Tsen-seng Fung. At his visitations to the stations up the 
 Yang-tse in June the Bishop confirmed at Sha-sze four men and two 
 women and administered the Holy Communion to twelve persons; 
 at Hankow twelve men and two women were confirmed and fifty 
 persons received Holy Communion in St. Paul's Chapel. 
 
 The college work was prospering at Shanghai; one from among 
 the heathen contingent had been baptized, two were seeking Bap- 
 tism, and eight boys of Christian parentage were preparing for Con- 
 firmation. Mr. Pott's influence at St. John's was " markedly good; 
 being young he was able to get near the boys." The Rev. Mr. Woo 
 returned to Kia Ding at which Mr. Thomson rejoiced as he thought 
 him " the man for that place." The Rev. Y. K. Yen had taken up 
 the late Mr. Wong's work — the Church of our Saviour, Hong Kew — 
 and was about to remove there. 
 
 Mrs. E. H. Thomson had been suffering from serious illness for 
 many months and after a consultation her physicians pronounced 
 her disease incurable. It was therefore determined that Mr. Thom- 
 son should bring her to America. The parting of these devoted 
 and long-time missionaries with the clergy and congregations in the 
 Shanghai district was very trying. At the meeting of the convo- 
 cation the Rev. Y. K. Yen made the address in presenting an em- 
 broidered scroll which testified to the many good works that Mr. 
 Thomson had either originated or furthered. Holy Communion 
 was celebrated on St. Peter's Day which was Mr. Thomson's fare- 
 well service. On the 29th of June, Mr. and Mrs. Thomson left 
 China, arriving at San Francisco in July and reached Philadelphia 
 on the 14th of August. Bishop Boone said " their break-up and 
 departure " was " the chief and saddest event of the year." Although 
 the Bishop and Mr. Pott would probably be able to carry on the 
 work Mr. Thomson said help ought to come to them very soon. 
 
 On the 22d of August the Rev. Francis L. H. Pott was united 
 in marriage to Miss S. N. Wong, by Bishop Boone in the chapel at 
 St. John's College. 
 
 The Bishop strongly set forth the need of the new church build- 
 ing at Hankow — so often urged by Mr. Locke — and asked for $8,000 
 to erect it, and also for $3,000 to put up a bungalow upon " the 
 
lone hill-top " at Wu Hu, where Deacon T. S. Fung was carrying- 
 on the work under the immediate supervision of the Bishop. Seven 
 had been confirmed there and there were ten communicants. The 
 Board was at the time unable to grant either request for lack of 
 funds that could be used for building purposes. 
 
 The close of the mission year found the work in an encouraging 
 condition. In the Shanghai district the various departments of the 
 college were under the care of the Rev. Mr. Pott, who reported very 
 favorably of the examinations. Services had been statedly main- 
 tained at twenty-five points; forty-two were baptized at these 
 stations, and thirty-six confirmed ; fourteen were also baptized at St. 
 John's. At St. Luke's Hospital and dispensary 6,000 individuals 
 were treated — 501 in the wards — the total number of visits was 
 21,279, an d at out-stations 4,384 had been treated. In the medical 
 department of St John's there were seven students, and in the train- 
 ing-school for nurses there were one man and one woman. Twenty- 
 one day-schools for boys and eight for girls planted much good 
 seed of Christian teaching. These schools were in the care of the 
 native clergy, and supervised by the Rev. Mr. Thomson up to the 
 time of his departure. At Wu Hu, about midway between Shanghai 
 and Wuchang where the work was carried on by Deacon Fung 
 under the Bishop's immediate supervision, there was a chapel and 
 ten communicants, and a day-school with a few girls and twenty-six 
 boys. The Rev. Mr. Locke, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Yang> 
 Nei, Hwang and Kwei, five laymen and two Bible-women, carried 
 on work at Hankow and in the provinces of Hupeh, Honan and 
 Hunan. A "house chapel " had been built at Hankow for the use 
 of the instruction classes ; and two day-schools for boys and one 
 for girls had eighty-six pupils. Fifty-six persons had been baptized, 
 forty-four confirmed and there were ninety-seven communicants. 
 
 At Wuchang the Rev. Messrs. Graves and Partridge, with Dea- 
 cons Wang and Tsen were carrying on parish and evangelistic work, 
 and Mr. Partridge was in charge of the Bishop Boone Memorial 
 School, while Mrs. Graves supervised Mrs. Fang in the care of the 
 Jane Bohlen Memorial School. There were also three candidates for 
 Orders from the province of Hupeh under instruction by Messrs. 
 Graves and Partridge. Thirty-one persons had been baptized and 
 forty-one confirmed. Three day-schools had an average attend- 
 ance of twenty-five pupils each. Dr. Deas reported 8,977 individ- 
 uals treated, 506 of whom were in-patients ; the total attendance at 
 Christ's Hospital and dispensaries was 31,471. Dr. Marie Haslep 
 
87 
 
 was preparing herself by the study of the language to reopen the 
 Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital for Women and Children upon 
 the mission " compound " with Miss A. P. Wong as her medical 
 student and assistant. At Sha-sze, some 400 miles above Hankow 
 a boys' day-school was in operation having twenty pupils ; four 
 adults had been baptized and six confirmed. The Rev. Mr. Hsia, 
 temporarily in charge, had held 204 services, and reported twelve 
 communicants. Mr. Sowerby returned from his vacation arriving 
 at Shanghai on September 7th ; from thence he proceeded to Hankow 
 where he remained for a time, but was expecting to reside at the 
 new station at Sha-sze. 
 
 The force at Shanghai was augmented by the arrival of Miss 
 Stepha L. Dodson of Wytheville, Va., missionary teacher, who 
 sailed September 8th from San Francisco, reaching Shanghai on the 
 18th of October, and Percy Mathews, M. D., of Manitoba, who, with 
 his family left Winnipeg September 25th and reached Shanghai 
 October 31st. Dr. Mathews was assigned to St. John's to take 
 charge of the medical and dispensary work there, and also to hold 
 the position of professor in the medical department. Miss Dodson 
 was assigned to teach English in St. Mary's Hall, and soon after 
 the Rosa Sayres Memorial day-school was also put in her charge. 
 
 On the 16th of November Mr. Locke and family sailed for home, 
 via England ; Mrs. Locke having failed in health it was thought 
 necessary for her to leave China, at least for a time. They reached 
 New York in January, 1889, and a few days later went to Saranac 
 Lake, New York. 
 
 The official opening of the " China, Tientsin and Kaiping" rail- 
 way, on October 1st, was an occasion of rejoicing, it being the first 
 railway ever built, owned and controlled by the Chinese themselves ; 
 and property had already advanced in value in Hankow in antici- 
 pation of "the ultimate arrival of the iron horse "in that city. The 
 foundation for the new church at Wuchang was begun, and the 
 edifice would, it was hoped, be completed in a few months. An 
 altar desk, baptismal bowl and alms-bason had been already sent 
 from friends in the United States. 
 
 In November Bishop Boone and his family removed to Hankow, 
 the Bishop taking up Mr. Locke's work there, and twice a week 
 crossing over to Wuchang to teach the theological students. De- 
 cember 17th the Bishop laid the corner-stone of the new Church of 
 the Nativity, under which was placed the New Testament, the 
 Prayer Book and various Chinese documents and coins. The ser- 
 
vice from beginning to end was in Chinese — not a syllable of the 
 English tongue was heard 
 
 On the evening of Christmas-Day the new St. Mary's School 
 building was formally opened, the service being held in the chapel 
 of the school. Mr. Pott described it as a fine building, substantial, 
 and much more roomy than the old one ; " a palace compared with 
 it." 
 
 The great need of reinforcing the Shanghai station by the ap- 
 pointment of two or three clergymen was again urged, as the staff 
 of clerical workers was diminished by Mr. Thomson's absence and 
 the Bishop's removal to Hankow ; and still further weakened by the 
 death of the Rev. Zu Sung Yen at St. Luke's Hospital, HongKew, 
 on the 7th of February, 1889 Mr. Yen was educated in the United 
 States, having come here in 1870 He went to the Kenyon College 
 Grammar School at Gambier, Ohio, and afterward entered the col- 
 lege, remaining there until the junior year, when he was obliged to 
 return to China; he studied theology with the late Rev. Dr. Nelson, 
 and had been continuously employed by the mission since 1877. 
 Mr. Yen was made Deacon in 1880 and advanced to the Priesthood 
 in 1884. 
 
 The Rev. F. R. Graves had rendered into Chinese in condensed 
 form part of "Bingham's Antiquities," and the volume was reviewed 
 by Bishop Schereschewsky, who gave his opinion in the following 
 words : 
 
 " I have read Mr. Graves' condensed translation of the first eight 
 books of ' Bingham's Antiquities ' in the modern Wtn li [Chinese Liter- 
 ary style] . . . It is a thoroughly good translation, and I must con- 
 fess that I find myself surprised that one who has been such a short time 
 in China can do such excellent work. ... I am truly glad that Mr. 
 Graves has taken up this line of work and that he shows such singular 
 ability for it." 
 
 Dr. Marie Haslep opened the women's hospital at Wuchang on 
 March 25th for dispensary work, but no in-patients could be taken 
 as the wards were used for Church purposes while the Church of 
 the Nativity was being rebuilt. On the first day seven patients 
 came, fourteen on the second, and twenty-six on the third. Dr. 
 Haslep wrote feelingly of the various obstacles in the way of the 
 foreign physician's success — she must be doctor and druggist, train 
 her own nurses and assistants — and for the sake of cleanliness and 
 exactness must add to these duties a general overseer's work as 
 well. Dr. William A. Deas left China on the 6th of April for a 
 year's leave of absence, after eight years' of service in the Held. He 
 
89 
 
 spent some time in visiting hospitals on the continent and in Eng- 
 land, and reached New York in the following December. Mrs. 
 Sowerby, with their children, rejoined her husband at Shanghai on 
 her return from England, in May, and with him proceeded to Hankow 
 where Mr. Sowerby took charge of the work during the Bishop's 
 visit to Shanghai. 
 
 The burial-place for the Christian dead outside the city wall, 
 Wuchang, had lately been improved, and enclosed by a dyke of 
 earth. Mr. Partridge said these improvements raised the mission- 
 aries in the respect of the heathen. The plot, less than an acre, 
 was situated on the slope of the great Red Hill. A building for the 
 divinity-school was much needed, the students having migrated 
 from Mr. Partridge's dining-room to the vestry-room and from thence 
 to the mission " guest " room, and their quarters were in the old 
 rickety bungalow which they had fitted up as best they could. The 
 contrast was painful between their bungalow and the home divinity- 
 schools, and Mr. Partridge longed for $1,000 to put up St. Peter's. 
 
 Mr. Samuel E. Smalley of St. Andrew's, Manitoba, who was ap- 
 pointed missionary teacher in April, with his wife left Vancouver 
 September 6th and reached Shanghai on the 28th of that month. 
 
 In his report for the mission year the Bishop spoke hopefully of 
 all departments of the work in the Shanghai district, mentioning Mr. 
 Pott's efficient care of the school work at St. John's, with Mrs. Pott 
 and Mrs. Tsang at St. Mary's Hall and the orphanage ; Miss Spencer, 
 Miss Dodson and Messrs. Kong and Chow in the English classes, 
 and the aid from graduates and candidates for Orders as tutors in 
 western studies ; and Dr. Mathews' attention to sanitary matters 
 and constant care of any who were sick. The twenty-seven day- 
 schools for boys and ten for girls had done quiet, good work, and 
 the medical students had received practical training at St. Luke's 
 dispensary. Nine day-schools and six out-stations kept the Rev. Y. 
 K. Yen and Messrs. Hwa and Chang fully occupied on Sundays and 
 week-days, Mr. Yen being resident pastor of the Church of Our 
 Saviour. St. Paul's Church at Kong Wan, six out-stations and eleven 
 schools gave ample work to the Rev. Mr. Woo and three Deacons. 
 Mr. Pott had charge of Christ Church in the city and seven coun- 
 try schools and chapels near by, aided by Deacons Chang and Ku. 
 The medical work had increased, no less than 13,296 individuals 
 having been treated at St. Luke's Hospital, St. John's College dis- 
 pensary and five out-stations. All of these had in some form heard 
 of the doctrine delivered by the Apostles and evangelists by which 
 
90 
 
 all diseases of the soul might be healed. Mr. Yue Ching Fou, from 
 the medical school was made house surgeon at St. Luke's, and two 
 men and one woman were in training as nurses. Daily services 
 were held at the hospital chapel and the patients were visited by 
 the Deacons. 
 
 At Wu Hu there was no resident clergyman, and Bishop Boone 
 said: " No one can be spared from work now undermanned, and so 
 Wu Hu still waits and the Hill Top is bare — a witness to heaven by 
 day and night of how slowly our Church wakes up to work for souls 
 who are out of the way and ready to perish." The Bishop visited 
 the station and administered the Holy Communion once each 
 month ; and the Rev. Messrs. Yang and Fung took charge of the 
 Chinese work. There were fifteen native converts and forty-six 
 pupils in the day-school. 
 
 At Wuchang Mr.Graves, rector of the Church ofthe Nativity, took 
 charge of the out-work and also held five classes each week for in- 
 structing adults, which he thought was a more effective method than 
 street-chapel preaching. Twelve persons were receiving instruction 
 preparatory for Baptism and twenty had been baptized. Mr. Partridge 
 took an equal share of the services and sermons at the Church of the 
 Nativity, and also had charge of the Bishop Boone Memorial School, 
 as well as the supervision of three day-schools, and both these clergy- 
 men were associated with the Bishop in teaching the theological 
 class. Mr. Graves reported the students as " earnest and devout 
 and very diligent." Mrs. Graves in addition to the oversight of the 
 Jane Bohlen School conducted a most important work among the 
 Chinese women, assisted by a Bible-woman who visited from house 
 to house. Dr. Deas' absence for a year had closed the men's hospital. 
 Dr. Marie Haslep had carried on dispensary work only and in three 
 months prescribed for 560 individuals who had made 956 visits, and 
 was also teaching medicine to Miss Wong. During Mr. Locke's 
 absence the Bishop, and afterward Mr. Sowerby, had kept up the 
 work in and about Hankow: three native Deacons were also ear- 
 nestly at work. Of I-chang and Sha-sze the Bishop said they had 
 " great possibilities, but as yet not much to report." Mr. Sowerby 
 hoped to return to I-chang in the autumn and, should his health be 
 preserved, to do good work there. 
 
 In the Shanghai district eighty-one native adults and fifty-five 
 children were baptized during the year and fifty-seven confirmed; 
 716 day-pupils and 140 boarding-pupils were in the several schools, 
 and in the Wuchang district were 227 day, and forty boarding-pupils. 
 
91 
 
 In closing his report Bishop Boone made an urgent appeal to 
 the Church at home for four clergyman to be sent out as soon as possi- 
 ble, it being three years since the last clerical recruit was appointed. 
 Mrs. Elliot H. Thomson after long suffering entered into rest from 
 her home in Ashbourne, Pennsylvania, on the 19th of September. 
 Her loss was greatly felt by those in the field who had known and 
 loved her. Mrs. Thomson — then Miss Jeannette R. Conover — 
 arrived at Shanghai on Good Friday, 1854, and she sailed away 
 from that port on her last homeward journey on June 29th, her term 
 of service, either in China or Japan, covering thirty-four years. Mrs. 
 Thomson was a most efficient worker, having instructed Bible- 
 readers, conducted a day-school for girls, had charge of the Bridg- 
 man Memorial School for Girls for a number of years, and done 
 much personal work among the native women. " She rests from 
 her labors and her works do follow her." 
 
 On St. Simon and St. Jude's Day (October 28th) the new Church 
 of the Nativity at Wuchang was consecrated by Bishop Boone ; the 
 Rev. Messrs. Graves, Partridge, Sowerby, Kwei, Nei and Hwang, 
 with a number of members of the church in Hankow and upward 
 of 560 persons were present, of whom ninety-seven received Holy 
 Communion. The Bishop said it was the very best celebration of 
 the fifth anniversary of his being set apart to lead in the work. 
 A little church on the Fu-kai street in the city was opened in No- 
 vember with eight communicants and named St. Thomas' in honor 
 of that Apostle, who was said to have been the first to bring the 
 Gospel to eastern Asia. This church was placed in care of Mr. 
 Partridge and Mr. Tsen. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 1890 — 1891. 
 
 In the early part of 1890 Mr. Graves urged with great earnest- 
 ness the speedy sending of help, the four clergymen called for in 
 the Bishop's last report not yet being forthcoming. Mr. Graves 
 wanted : " First of all, a true Christian man ; next, with good health 
 and common sense ; and thirdly, with fair ability. . . . When you 
 get the man say to him, 'There is no glorious opportunity for en- 
 rolling multitudes at a word, but plenty of chances for hard work,' 
 and if he is the right man he will come." 
 
 Mrs. Katherine L. Locke who, because of failing health had, 
 with her husband and family, come to the United States, died at 
 Saranac Lake, New York, on the 22d of January. Mr. Locke 
 and his children sailed from San Francisco on his return to his work 
 March 22d, and reached his station at Hankow on the 23d of April. 
 
 An appropriation of $8,000 was made by the Board at its meet- 
 ing in March for the purchase of the foreign-built house occupied as 
 a residence by Mr. Sowerby and for missionary purposes, and also 
 the land upon which it stood. Seven hundred dollars had been ap- 
 propriated for the building of a wing to the Boone Memorial School, 
 for which Mr. Partridge expressed his grateful thanks. 
 
 An attempt was made to stir up an anti-Christian demonstration 
 in Wuchang and anonymous placards attacking foreigners and 
 their religion in the most blasphemous and repulsive manner were 
 posted, and hand-bills distributed all over the city. The members 
 of the various missions joined in demanding that the circulation of 
 these papers should be stopped and the offenders be arrested and 
 punished. The Tao-tai (ruler of the district), after some days as- 
 sured the missionaries that no further trouble need be anticipated; 
 everything quieted down, and there the matter rested. 
 
 Miss Spencer, after seven years of service in Shanghai, left for 
 home on March 29th, via Europe. She was quite ill at the time 
 of her sailing, but hoped to be much benefited by the voyage. After 
 a journey on the continent, she reached England July 26th, and ar- 
 rived in New York August 3d, and proceeded thence to her home 
 
 92 
 
93 
 
 in Delmar, Iowa. Miss Spencer's classes in St. John's were taken 
 up by Mr. Smalley after the Chinese New Year. 
 
 In the following year Miss Spencer was arranging for return to 
 Shanghai, her vacation being nearly over; but after a few days' ill- 
 ness she suddenly became alarmingly worse, and after a few hours 
 of unconsciousness, on the 25th of March, 1891, at the home of her 
 parents, entered into rest. Her loss was most seriously felt by her 
 associates in the mission and by the boys whom she had so faithfully 
 taught. 
 
 On the 8th of April the Rev. Tsz Shin Chu, Deacon, died very 
 suddenly at Kong Wan. Mr. Chu was admitted to the Diaconate 
 in 1885. 
 
 A general conference of Protestant missionaries was held 'at 
 Shanghai in May, over 400 being in attendance, to deliberate ear- 
 nestly and seriously how best to advance the cause of Christ in China. 
 An appeal was made to Christian congregations in this country for 
 ordained missionaries, and young men were strongly urged to con- 
 secrate themselves to this work. When the very important decis- 
 ion to have but one version of the Holy Scriptures for all the mis- 
 sions instead of the six then in use was reached, the entire confer- 
 ence arose and united in singing " Praise God, from whom all bless- 
 ings flow." 
 
 At Wuchang, May 31st, Mr. Ying-tsung Lio, a graduate from 
 St. John's College, was admitted to the Diaconate, Mr. Graves 
 preaching the sermon. Mr. Liu had been for many years a mem- 
 ber of the mission, and for two years in charge of the Fu kai day- 
 school, and was " one who knows from bitter experience that it costs 
 something to be a loyal servant of the Cross in China." The same 
 day Mr. Graves and family left Hankow by a tea-steamer, sailing 
 direct to London; after a few weeks' rest they came to New York, 
 arriving there en the 31st of August and proceeded to Geneva, N. 
 Y. Mrs. Graves' health was much improved during the voyage. 
 
 After his arrival at Hankow in June, Mr. Locke wrote that the 
 new station opened by the Bishop had thirty members and was 
 growing rapidly. Mr. Locke had also opened a new station, and 
 new-comers were present at all his evening meetings, between thir- 
 ty and forty men getting together at each. Six evangelists were 
 in training to be sent out for work among their countrymen. 
 Thirty persons had been baptized, eighteen confirmed, and there 
 were ninety-one communicants and 143 day and Sunday scholars. 
 
 The close of the mission year found the staff reduced by the ab- 
 
94 
 
 sence of Mr. and Mrs. Graves, Dr. Deas, Mr. Thomson and Miss 
 Spencer. The Bishop went to Wuchang to reside for a time and 
 took up Mr. Graves' duties, having charge of the station, the Church 
 of the Nativity, and also of Wu Hu. At the latter place two Dea- 
 cons were in residence, one of whom conducted a day-school for 
 boys with twenty in attendance, and one for girls with fifteen pu- 
 pils. Five persons had been baptized and there were fourteen 
 communicants. Two new wings had been added to the Bishop 
 Boone School, Wuchang. Six of the pupils had been baptized and 
 two confirmed, and six divinity-students were under instruction. 
 Mrs. Graves had been in charge of the Jane Bohlen Memorial 
 School, now closed for the summer. There were five places for 
 public worship, 108 Chinese communicants, forty day-pupils and 
 fifty-five boarders. Dr. Haslep reported, up to May 2d, 104 patients 
 who had made 2,508 visits to the dispensary, and fifty-four visits 
 made by herself to patients at their homes. The Elizabeth Bunn 
 Memorial Hospital was closed, and Dr. Haslep transferred to St. 
 Luke's Hospital, Hong Kew. At I-chang and Sha-sze twenty-nine 
 had been baptized and four confirmed. Fifty pupils were under in- 
 struction in two Sunday and three day-schools. An evangelist and 
 catechist under Mr. Sowerby's guidance had reached out to six 
 places within a few miles of I-chang. 
 
 In the Shanghai district, school-work at St. John's .College had 
 been carried on by the Rev. Mr. Pott, aided by Dr. Mathews, Mr. 
 Smalley, Miss Spencer and a number of Chinese assistants; St. 
 Mary's Hall and the Orphanage were prospering under Mrs. Pott's 
 supervision; and Miss Dodson taught English to a class of ten girls 
 and also had the oversight of the Rosa Sayres Memorial day-school 
 with thirteen girls in attendance. Seventeen Chinese adults had 
 been baptized; there were 102 Chinese communicants and 153 
 boarding, and 198 day-pupils. The Rev. Mr. Woo reported twenty- 
 six stations at Kia Ding and seven at Kong Wan ; Mr. Yen at 
 Hong Kew, seven, and Mr. Chun reported work under his charge at 
 Nan Ziang and another point. At all these places 2,500 public ser- 
 vices had been held and it was estimated that 16,000 of the heathen 
 had been preached to ; and there were gathered 187 Chinese commu- 
 nicants and 425 day-pupils. The medical work was well sustained. 
 At St. Luke's Hospital and dispensaries 7,679 persons were treated 
 who had made 20,790 visits, and 130 surgical operations were per- 
 formed in the wards besides 593 minor ones in the dispensaries. 
 Daily services had been held in the chapel and the patients in 
 
95 
 
 wards were regularly visited by the native clergy. Four medi- 
 cal students and two men and one woman (as nurses) were under 
 instruction and training. 
 
 At St. John's and other points, a large dispensary work was con- 
 ducted by Dr. Mathews 4,880 patients having been treated, besides 
 782 who came for vaccination. 
 
 The pathetic appeals of the Bishop and his fellow workers for 
 aid seemed to fall upon unheeding ears, as no appointments were 
 made during the year just closed. On September 4th, the Bishop 
 admitted to the Diaconate Messrs. Jiang Yun Pei, Tz Liang Wu 
 and King Yun Tong, and advanced to the Priesthood the Rev. 
 Messrs. Ssz Chia Hwa and Yu Tang Chu. Mr. Pott wrote hope- 
 fully of these five new recruits whose earnestness and freshly-kindled 
 zeal would " add strength to the fight against ignorance, superstition 
 and darkness." 
 
 In connection with St. Luke's a new building for Chinese women 
 and girls was formally opened on the 9th of September, and placed 
 under the care of Dr. Marie Haslep. The cost of the building was 
 covered from the increase of invested hospital funds. 
 
 On September 29th, at I-chang, Bishop Boone admitted Mr. 
 Tseng-shing Yu to the Diaconate. Fourteen were baptized and 
 twenty-three confirmed at I-chang and Sha-sze. 
 
 On October 5th the Rev. Dr. Edward W. Syle, a former mission- 
 ary in China, died in England in the seventy-fourth year of his age, 
 having been for sixteen years in the service of the Board. Since 
 his resignation in 1861, Dr. Syle had been for some years in China 
 and Japan, holding chaplaincies for seamen and for foreign residents, 
 and for the past six years had lived in or near London. 
 
 Dr. W. A. Deas' resignation as medical missionary at Wuchang 
 was accepted by the Board on the 14th of October, with an expres- 
 sion of regret for its necessity, and of thanks for his faithful service. 
 The Bishop confirmed thirteen women and fifty-three men and 
 boys at St. Paul's Chapel, Hankow, in October. He urged the im- 
 mediate erection of the new church, for which a very desirable plot 
 of ground had been purchased, as even when children were excluded 
 old St. Paul's would not hold more than half the people who de- 
 sired to attend. So strongly did the Bishop feel this need that he 
 proposed proceeding with the building up to the point that could 
 be paid for by the $4,000 already contributed, in faith that the re- 
 mainder of the sum approved by the Board would soon be given. 
 The hospital building was already under way. The Rev. Mr. 
 
96 
 
 Thomson, on his return to his field, spent Christmas in Tokyo with 
 Bishop Williams, and arrived at Shanghai on January 5th, 1891, 
 where he met with a most kind and loving reception from the for- 
 eign and native workers ; the Bishop said "his return with the New 
 Year made many hearts glad." 
 
 In April the Bishop confirmed at Hankow seventy-one persons, 
 nineteen of whom were women. Mr. Sowerby, with the sanction 
 of the Bishop, appealed for $600 to finish the mission-house at 
 I-chang; and Mrs. Sowerby, also with the Bishop's consent, appealed 
 to the Woman's Auxiliary for money to put up a small building for 
 the girls' day-school. Ten girls were already in attendance and as 
 many more could be obtained if there were room for them. Mr. 
 Locke sent out his first class of eight evangelists to their work in 
 May, and another class of twelve was in training; no pains had been 
 spared in fitting them to tell the story of the Cross to their friends 
 and brothers. 
 
 Miss Dodson urged the need of two new class-rooms for St. 
 Mary's Hall, and the still greater need of a small house attached to 
 St. Mary's as a residence for the foreign teacher who was then too 
 far away in case of illness or trouble of any kind arising in the 
 school. In June much anxiety was felt at the mission stations by 
 reason of insurrection and riot in various places. The underlying 
 motive of the insurgents was thought to be antagonism to the 
 Manchu-Tartar dynasty, and the hope that by attacks upon foreign- 
 ers at different points the relations of the Chinese government with 
 foreign powers might become so involved that they themselves 
 could successfully strike a blow. Minor motives were also ascribed 
 to the rioters, such as a general antipathy to foreigners and partic- 
 ular animosity to Roman Catholics. The outbreak at Wu Hu 
 which resulted in the burning and destruction of the Roman 
 Catholic property passed harmlessly by the mission, where the 
 Chinese Deacons remained and faithfully guarded the property. 
 At Shanghai the ladies of the mission, the girls of St. Mary's and 
 the orphans were taken to the foreign settlement at Hong Kew, 
 but returned after a few days, and the Tao-tai, upon application of 
 the United States consul, sent a guard of forty-five soldiers to pro- 
 tect the St. John's College premises. Destruction of property 
 rather than loss of life seemed to be the aim of the rioters. Work at 
 Wuchang was suspended for a time and the ladies and children were 
 sent across to Hankow ; but the missionaries remained and went on 
 quietly with their classes and Church work, as they thought that to 
 
97 
 
 vacate prematurely, as some had urged them to do r would cause a 
 panic among the native Christians, disband all the work and leave 
 the property at the mercy of the mob. 
 
 At the close ofthe mission year the evangelistic work of the Shang- 
 hai district was under the general supervision of archdeacon Thomson, 
 who had given much time to the opening of new work to the north- 
 west of Kia Ding and Lio Wu. Mr. Yen had charge of the Church of 
 Our Saviour, Hong Kew, the work at St. Luke's and the Women's 
 Hospitals, and six out-lying stations, assisted by two Chinese Dea- 
 cons, one of whom, the Rev. Mr. Liu, was entirely supported by his 
 congregation. Mr. Woo, assisted by two Deacons and Mrs. Zu 
 Soong Yen, was in charge of Kong Wan, San Ting Ko and four 
 other places where the work was slowly, but steadily and hopefully 
 growing. Mr. Pott, head of the institutions at St. John's, also car- 
 ried on work with the assistance of a Chinese Presbyter and Dea- 
 con at four preaching-halls and two day-schools having seventy- 
 three pupils. The congregation (Chinese) of St. John's Memorial 
 Church were supporting a day-school and pieaching-hall in an ad- 
 joining village, and had given a corona to the church. 
 
 At St. Luke's Hospital 512 new cases had been admitted to the 
 wards and Dr. Boone had treated 6,929 persons who made 21,290 
 visits to the dispensary ; performed 129 important surgical opera- 
 tions in the hospital and 602 minor ones in the dispensary work. 
 Drs. Jamieson, Reid and Perkins had continued their voluntary ser- 
 vices. Five students were in the medical school, and one had fin- 
 ished the course and gone to assist in the dispensary at Hankow. 
 One woman had gone from the training-school as a successful nurse, 
 and two were under instruction. Dr. Marie Haslep, in charge of 
 the new hospital for women, faithfully assisted by Miss Wong, re- 
 ported fifty-eight patients treated in the wards and 2.947 at the dis- 
 pensary. Dr. Mathews reported at the St. John's dispensary, 4,390 
 persons, and Mr. Woo 975 at San Ting K6; while Mr. Koo from 
 Nan Ziang and Nar Kong reported seventy-seven cases treated, 
 making a total of 5,442. 
 
 The teaching-staff at St. John's College comprised the Rev. Mr. 
 Pott, Dr. Mathews, Mr. Smalley and several Chinese gentlemen. 
 The work had been twice interrupted : Once by a large number of 
 the boys leaving to enter the recently-established Naval Academy, 
 and the second time on account of threatened riots ; but through- 
 out all the apprehension and trouble the native teachers proved 
 most faithful. The premises were still guarded by the Chinese 
 
98 
 
 soldiers. Ninety pupils were connected with the institution. Under 
 Miss Dodson's charge St. Mary's had been prosperous until forced 
 to disband when the troubles arose. In the district fifty Chinese 
 had been baptized and twenty confirmed. There were 269 com- 
 municants, 175 day-pupils, 120 boarding-pupils and twenty-eight 
 orphans. 
 
 In the Wuchang district, at Wu Hu there were two chapels at 
 the residences of the two Deacons, and two day-schools. Six per- 
 sons had been baptized, four confirmed, and there were seventeen 
 communicants. The Bishop had assumed Mr. Graves' duties at 
 Wuchang during the latter's absence on vacation. Services were 
 held at six different points with the assistance of four Chinese 
 clergymen and a catechist. There were 140 Chinese communicants, 
 100 day, and forty-six boarding-pupils ; forty-three adults and three 
 children had been baptized and thirty-two confirmed. Mr. Part- 
 ridge held service in English and administered Holy Communion 
 once a month in St. John Evangelist's Church, Hankow. The 
 Bishop Boone Memorial School, the Rev. S. C. Partridge, rector, 
 had thirty-three boarding-pupils, and the building was in good con- 
 dition. The theological school — an outpost of St. John's College — 
 and the Jane Bohlen Memorial continued prosperous. Six theo- 
 logical students were candidates for Holy Orders — one for the 
 Priesthood — under the instruction of the Bishop and Mr. Partridge. 
 A large number of patients had been treated at Christ's Hospital 
 by Mr. Wang who had had long training in hospital work under 
 Dr. Deas. 
 
 At Hankow Mr. Lockehad under his direction and working with 
 him three Chinese Deacons and twenty evangelists who were thor- 
 oughly trained by him. Nine were at work in neighboring cities 
 and ten were in preparation, who were recognized as scholars. In the 
 St. Bartholomew's infirmary between 300 and 400 persons had been 
 treated and sixty opium cases had been cured. Of the 221 pupils 
 in the ten day-schools 100 had been baptized and sixty were brought 
 to Baptism by the five Bible-women. The station buildings com- 
 prised one school, one dwelling, one chapel, one church-house, one 
 " go-down," and the new church edifice partly completed which 
 would be largely stone ; the others were all brick. 
 
 At I-chang and Sha-sze the work was carried on by Mr. Sowerby 
 assisted by one Chinese Deacon, ten catechists and teachers, and 
 three Bible-women who were volunteer workers. The work at Sha-sze 
 was under the immediate direction of Deacon Yu, and visited from 
 
09 
 
 time to time by Mr. Sowerby. At the two stations forty-nine had 
 been baptized, twenty-three confirmed, and after four years' work 
 there were forty- five Chinese communicants. Four Sunday and day- 
 schools and a night-school for workingmen had in all thirty pupils. 
 
 The mission property at I-chang was attacked September 2d; 
 the newly completed mission-house entirely destroyed and the land 
 defaced in every possible way. Mr. Sowerby was assaulted by the 
 mob while on his way from his house to the British consulate, and 
 ■stunned by the blows, and all his personal belongings were de- 
 stroyed or lost. The missionaries called attention to the remark- 
 able fact that the proclamation of the emperor drawn forth by the 
 riots recognized Christianity as one of the religions of the empire, 
 and commanded all the officials to protect the native Christians. 
 
 Upon Mr. Graves' return, with his family, from their vacation in 
 this country, he joined the Bishop at Wuchang where they stayed 
 long after their friends feared it was not safe, and had just decided 
 upon leaving when the Bishop was taken ill with typhoid fever and 
 carried over to Mr. Locke's at Hankow, where, after four days of 
 Suffering he entered into rest on the 5th of October. The funeral 
 services were held in the English Cathedral at Shanghai — the place 
 of his consecration — on October 9th. Of the seventeen clergymen 
 present thirteen were Chinese, and there was a very large attend- 
 ance of foreigners and native Christians. 
 
 Upon receipt of the sad tidings the following minute was unani- 
 mously adopted by the Board : 
 
 MINUTE ON THE DEATH OF BISHOP BOONE. 
 
 This Board has heard with very great sorrow of the sudden death on the 
 4th instant of the Right Reverend William J.Boone,D.D., Missionary Bishop 
 of Shanghai. In his last communication to the Board he had written that 
 he was in perfect health. This sad bereavement deprives our mission in 
 China of episcopal care and direction at a time, when, to human sight, 
 there seems to be a very special need of both, for while there is wide re- 
 joicing over the marvellous increase of converts in one part of the mis- 
 sion, there is great sorrow for the persecution and loss that have befallen 
 another portion. The fall of the leader and head of the work, at such a 
 juncture, is a mysterious providence, and a sore trial of faith. 
 
 Bishop Boone had very special qualifications for his high and holy 
 office. The son of the first Missionary Bishop in China, and familiar from 
 his youth with the people among whom his lot was cast, he seemed pre- 
 eminently the right man for the place. " His sun has gone down while it 
 was yet day," and his life-work is finished when we thought it only begun. 
 
 The Board asks of the Church at this time very special and very ear- 
 nest intercessions for the Mission in China, and commends to the God of 
 all comfort the widow and children of the late Bishop. 
 
IOC 
 
 A former missionary writing of the late Bishop said : 
 
 " He has given his life for the sheep. Full of anxiety for the faithful 
 missionary whose house at I-chang had been burned, his family driven 
 away, and he himself struck down by the mob, the Bishop had given up 
 his own house at Wuchang to the missionary's family and was prepared if 
 necessary to go himself to I-chang to do the work of the brother who was 
 disabled. Then came the peril to his own city, and the Bishop was chosen 
 to devise means of defence against attack upon Wuchang. What effect 
 that harassing responsibility may have had in causing or aggravating the 
 disease that took him off we do not yet know. While we deplore him, we 
 shall be proud that he died in the front of action while defending the peo- 
 ple with whom, from the first, he cast in his whole lot." 
 
 Soon after the tidings of Bishop Boone's death had been re- 
 ceived, his last request to the Woman's Auxiliary came, as its 
 secretary touchingly said, " with all the force of an appeal made 
 from beyond the grave." The request was that $350 might be 
 given to build and furnish a mission boat for the out-lying work 
 about Shanghai, which could be better reached by the numerous, 
 waterways, than to go overland on foot or by wheelbarrow. The 
 Michigan Branch of the Auxiliary assumed the cost, and the mission 
 boat was their Christmas gift to the China Mission. 
 
 The Bishop's death, and the absence of Mr. Partridge on vaca- 
 tion after seven years of service, together with the resignation of 
 Dr. Deas, left the mission with but five foreign clergymen and three 
 physicians, and the arrival of the Rev. Messrs. Ingle and Massie, 
 and Dr. Merrins was a cause for rejoicing to those in the field. 
 Edward Merrins, M.D., of New York, who was appointed March 10th, 
 left via England on the 1st of August, arrived at Shanghai on the 
 10th of October, and proceeded to his station in Wuchang at the 
 end of that month. The Rev. James Addison Ingle, of Virginia, 
 appointed February 10th, and the Rev. Robert K. Massie, also of Vir- 
 ginia, appointed September 8th, together with Mrs. Massie sailed 
 from San Francisco, October 21st. Mr. Ingle arrived in Shanghai 
 on the 17th of November, and went to St. John's College ; but after- 
 ward at Mr. Locke's request, and by his own wish, was transferred 
 by the Standing Committee to Hankow, where he arrived January 
 6th, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Massie were detained a few days in Japan 
 by the latter's illness, and reached Shanghai on the 24th of Novem- 
 ber. Mr. Massie was assigned to assist archdeacon Thomson in 
 the out-stations in and around Shanghai, and to push out work by 
 evangelistic effort in the towns and villages. He also would teach 
 English in the college, where he at once began the study of the 
 language. 
 
101 
 
 The work at Wuchang had been suspended for a time because of 
 the threatened riots, but Mr. Graves had now returned with the 
 theological students and reopened the Bishop Boone Memorial 
 School. The native workers continued on duty at I-chang and the 
 daily services were kept up, and at that station and Sha-sze there 
 were between fifty and sixty communicants. Mr. and Mrs Sowerby 
 intended to return to I-chang as soon as the matter of the indem- 
 nity for the losses should be settled. 
 
 ithh? 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 1892. 
 
 Mrs. Boone, having decided to return to this country, left 
 Shanghai with her son on the 2d of January, 1892, and arrived in- 
 New York on the 30th of the same month. On January nth, irr 
 St. John's Collegiate Memorial Church, by invitation of the Stand- 
 ing Committee, the Right Rev. Dr. Moule, Bishop of the Church 
 of England in Mid-China, advanced the Rev. Mei-peng Kwei to the 
 Priesthood. The preliminaries for the ordination had been ar- 
 ranged before Bishop Boone's death. The service was held in the 
 Chinese tongue. Mr. Kwei was afterward stationed at Sha-sze. 
 
 The new church at Hankow was now practically completed, and 
 on January 24th, the first service was held within its walls. A lady 
 who was present wrote : 
 
 " It was a happy hour for us who had watched every step of progress 
 in building, with many hopes when the foundation was laid, but many 
 fears after the riots begun, lest it might not be completed. And as the 
 surpliced choir of Chinese boys filed in singing ' Coronation,' bare walls, 
 riots, and all other earthly thoughts were forgotten in the pleasure of once 
 more joining in solemn worship in the House of God." 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliary had contributed $700, which sum pro- 
 vided most of the furniture for the new church, but funds were 
 still needed immediately to put the grounds in order and build the nec- 
 essary wall about the premises. The edifice was substantially built 
 of brick with tiled floors. A friend in Shanghai who was much 
 pleased with its appearance, promised $100 toward the church, and 
 after the Easter services the foreigners at Hankow volunteered to- 
 give lamps for lighting the building. Mr. Locke said it was not 
 often that financial aid came from that end of the line. He had or- 
 ganized a " woman's guild," which gave the long-desired opening 
 for work among and with the Chinese women, and the urgent need 
 was then for "a foreign Christian woman, patient, earnest, not eas- 
 ily discouraged ; one who believed in the command to disciple all 
 nations," to be at the head of this work. A girls' day-school but 
 a few steps from the church, was under the care of a Chinese teacher 
 but much needed a foreign head. 
 
 In February Mrs. Graves reopened the Jane Bohlen Memorial 
 
 102 
 
a 
 
> 
 
 a 
 t-; 
 in 
 o 
 
 CI 
 
 to 
 
 > 
 
 21 
 M 
 O 
 
 3! 
 o 
 
 2 
 
103 
 
 School ; it having been thought unwise to get the girls together 
 sooner, since in the event of a riot arising they would be in danger. 
 Mrs. Graves urged the appointment of a teacher, and thought it 
 would not be possible for her to keep the school open long without 
 the near prospect of at least one woman. She considered the school 
 to be the most solid and hopeful part of the woman's work. The 
 Standing Committee also sent an earnest plea to the Board for the 
 appointment of a qualified teacher for this school. 
 
 Upon the occasion of his second visit to Japan, Bishop Hare, by 
 invitation of the Board of Managers as its representative (but without 
 episcopal jurisdiction), proceeded to China, arriving at Shanghai 
 March 4th, where he visited the churches, institutions and stations; 
 from thence he journeyed to Hankow and Wuchang, spending four 
 days in visiting the churches and institutions there. The Bishop 
 spoke in terms of high praise of all the work and of his faith in the 
 plan of Mr. Locke's work with his evangelists. Bishop Hare con- 
 firmed eighty-four persons in the new church on March 13th, and 
 the Holy Communion was administered to several hundred, Mr. 
 Locke, Mr. Sowerby and Mr. Ingle assisting in the services. The 
 Bishop recommended the sending out of a clergyman for Wuchang, 
 a lady to relieve Mrs. Graves in the Jane Bohlen school, and a 
 trained nurse for the Elizabeth Bunn Hospital, and also asked that 
 the remaining $3,500 for the church at Hankow be speedily con- 
 tributed. The Board was fully impressed with the necessity of 
 these appointments, but was restrained from making them by lack 
 of means. Mr. Graves had opened a new department in the Bishop 
 Boone school in which the boys paid the cost of their food and 
 books, and had then eleven boys in this class ; Mr. Partridge had 
 been working toward reaching a self-supporting basis for the old 
 school and this new department was thought to be a step onward in 
 the right way. 
 
 In April Dr. Merrins called attention to the needs of the 
 medical work in Wuchang, and asked for an appropriation of 
 $5,000 to build a hospital for men, which all agreed in thinking 
 ought to be located on the compound, as the medical work should 
 form an integral part of the work of the whole mission, and have the 
 appearance of being so. The present building, although not fit for 
 hospital purposes, could be utilized as a dispensary. With Mr. 
 Graves' consent the Elizabeth Bunn Hospital would be used for 
 men until the new building should be erected. The doctor also 
 stated the need of either a lady physician or a trained nurse to 
 
104 
 
 treat the Chinese women, and a house on the hospital compound for 
 the residence of the physician-in-charge. Wuchang, with its 250,000 
 inhabitants had no hospital for men save the one belonging to the 
 mission, and there was none for women nor no one to attend them. 
 
 The work at I-chang was continued by the native Deacon, Mr. 
 Tsen Shing Yu, and his assistants, and they had been obliged to en- 
 large the temporary chapel by taking in two additional rooms in or- 
 der to make room for the growing congregation. Mr. So werby went 
 to the station, living in a house- boat for three months; but he had not 
 fully recovered from the injuries received at the time of the riots, 
 and was unable to endure the heat, the mercury rising to lOO Q on 
 the boat and to98° in the shade on shore. He accordingly returned 
 to Shanghai. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Pott, on leave of absence, came to this country in 
 August, and Mrs. Pott was present at the triennial meeting of the 
 Woman's Auxiliary in her Chinese dress, and read a paper on 
 "Work among the Women and Children in China." 
 
 At the General Convention held in Baltimore in October the 
 House of Bishops nominated the R_ev. Frederick R. Graves of 
 Wuchang for Bishop of China ; but the nomination not being pre- 
 sented to the House of Deputies until the last hour of the session 
 failed in the lay vote to secure a majority of the dioceses which had 
 been represented in the Convention* 
 
 The Rev. A. H. Locke, feeling himself obliged to come home in 
 order to make provision for the care of his children, left Hankow in 
 November, and, via San Francisco reached New York December 
 12th. and from there proceeded to his former home in SaranacLake, 
 N. Y. Mr. Ingle was left by Mr. Locke in charge of the evangelistic 
 work in Hankow and had temporary assistance from Mr. Sowerby, 
 and thought that with the help of the Chinese. Deacons he could 
 carry it on without further aid. 
 
 The World's Congress Auxiliary of the Columbian Exposition 
 extended an invitation — which was seconded by the Board of Man- 
 agers — to the Rev. Yung Kiung Yen to attend the parliament to be 
 held in Chicago in September, 1893, and speak upon what Chris- 
 tianity had done for him and his people. Upon its receipt Mr. 
 Yen accepted the invitation. 
 
 On December 13th Miss Florence MacRae was appointed a mis- 
 sionary worker in China, to be assigned to duty as a trained nurse 
 in the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital, Wuchang. Her outfit 
 and salary were provided for by the Woman's Auxiliary, $1,000 
 
 * Mr. Graves was subsequently elected at a srjectal meeting of the House of Bishops, held in New 
 Y rk, Mar,.h 2d, 1893, and was consecrated as Missionary Bishop of Shanghai on June 14th in St 
 Thomas' Church, New York.— [Ed. ' 
 
H 
 H 
 W 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 eg 
 
 > 
 
 Ir; 
 o 
 
 ffi 
 
 cl 
 Si 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 S3 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
105 
 
 having been pledged for that purpose by the officers at their meet- 
 ing in Baltimore. 
 
 An appeal was made for funds to rebuild St. John's College, which 
 originally erected at a very small cost was fast becoming unsafe 
 as well as unfit for the work, and its rebuilding seemed a positive 
 necessity. For building purposes $15,000 were needed and $5,000 
 more for school furnishings and scientific apparatus. 
 
 The indemnity for the destruction of mission property at I-chang 
 for which Bishop Boone had made claim just before his death was 
 at this time paid ; but the amount awarded was less than the Bish- 
 op's estimate called for. However, by the advice of the American 
 minister and others the lesser sum was accepted. Reimbursement 
 for Mr. Sowerby's personal losses had been made previously. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Partridge, who had been in this country on leave 
 of absence, and who had presented efficiently the work and claims 
 of the mission during his stay, left New York November 23d, via 
 England, and was heard from under date of December 31st, being 
 then on board steamer in the Suez canal, en route for Shanghai 
 where he was due to arrive about the end of January, 1893. 
 
 The following statement shows the condition of the China Mis- 
 sion at the close of 1892 : There are eleven principal, and thir- 
 ty seven outlying and sub-stations, under the direction and in 
 charge of seven foreign and five Chinese Presbyters, and eighteen Chi- 
 nese Deacons ; there are also twenty-seven catechists and assistants, 
 sixty-four (Chinese) teachers in college and day-schools, and twelve 
 Bible-women. There are also eight foreign missionary teachers 
 (including the wives of missionaries). In the Shanghai district 
 the medical work comprises the dispensary ,vork at St. John's Col- 
 lege and elsewhere; St. Luke's Hospital and dispensary (entirely 
 self-supporting) and the new hospital for women, a school for train- 
 ing physicians and nurses in which are five medical students, at 
 Hong Kew; and dispensaries at Kong Wan, Kia Ding, Nan Ziang, 
 Nar Kong, and Jung-ziang Kong. There are three foreign physi- 
 cians. In these hospitals and dispensaries 14,443 persons have re- 
 ceived treatment, 481 new cases been admitted to the wards and 
 124 important surgical operations performed, besides 593 minor ones 
 in connection with the dispensary work. The educational work 
 comprises St. John's College and St. Mary's Hall (boarding-schools) 
 with 170 pupils, including the thirty children in St. Mary's Orphan- 
 age, and five day-schools for boys and two for girls with 556 in 
 attendance. Forty Chinese have been baptized, there are 278 com- 
 
106 
 
 municants (also Chinese) and public services are held at thirty-six 
 places. 
 
 The Wuchang district has a dispensary in Christ's Hospital, the 
 building being unfit for hospital use, and the Elizabeth Bunn Me- 
 morial Hospital for Women and Children (not now open) at Wu- 
 chang, an infirmary and dispensary connected with St. Bartholo- 
 mew's mission house at Hankow, and one foreign physician. The 
 educational work is carried on in the Jane Bohlen Memorial School 
 for Girls and the Bishop Boone Memorial School for Boys both 
 boarding) at Wuchang, with fifty pupils, and one night-school and 
 eighteen day-schools with 352 attendants. Public services are held 
 at twelve places, 401 adults and twenty-one children (Chinese) have 
 been baptized, eighty-seven confirmed — by Bishop Hare — and there 
 are 565 Chinese communicants. 
 
 In seeking for the influences that hinder and those that may 
 favor the cause of Christian Missions in China, we are confronted by 
 a condition of affairs to which no parallel is presented in any other 
 field of missionary effort. It will not do to regard the Chinese as- 
 pagans, pure and simple, or class them with the unmitigated barba- 
 rians of Africa and other confessedly heathen lands. They claim 
 to have authentic historic records antedating the Christian era by 
 nearly three thousand years ; their first monarch of established fame 
 was contemporary with Noah, the last of their three celebrated 
 dynasties of Hia, Shang and Chau terminated B.C. 249, and, in the 
 words of one of our able and devoted missionaries to China l 
 " Their ancient history may be said to end long before the Advent 
 of our Lord." During the last of these dynasties flourished Con- 
 fucius and Mencius, whose moral code virtually constitutes the 
 " Bible of the Chinese," and is unsurpassed in purity and lofty ex- 
 cellence by any other uninspired writings extant, many of their 
 teachings being almost identical in spirit with the corresponding 
 precepts that received the sanction of the Saviour. 
 
 As a result of the principles which they inculcated, the Chinese 
 character was never stained with two of the darkest blots that dis- 
 figure the record of other pagan nations; in the words of the mis- 
 sionary above quoted : " It is the glory of China, and of the stand- 
 ard writings containing their code of morals, that no sanction has 
 ever been given either to human sacrifices or the deification of vice." 
 
 The three prominent religious systems of China — Confucianism, 
 Buddhism, and Taouism — are but nominally divergent ; in practice 
 
107 
 
 there is but little strict adherence to the tenets of either; the elas- 
 ticity of their nature presenting no difficulty in the way of one who 
 would simultaneously observe the official rites of the first, frequent 
 the temples of the second, and consult the soothsayers of the last ; 
 while in neither exist any insuperable obstacles to the easy conver- 
 sion of their votaries to the pure and perfect faith of Christianity. 
 Moreover, there is historic proof that the light of Christian truth 
 absolutely penetrated the confines of China in the early ages of the 
 new dispensation, and evidence is not wanting that its vivifying 
 influence has never been utterly extinguished. 
 
 The great obstacles which impede the progress of Christian truth 
 are the pride of intellect pervading the educated classes in China, 
 and the deeply rooted superstitions which hold in iron grasp all 
 ranks and grades alike. The Chinese scholar points with serene 
 complacency to the antiquity of his nation's history, cites the say- 
 ings of her great moral teachers, recounts the achievements of the 
 learned in the arts and sciences, and looks down upon western civil- 
 ization as far inferior to his own; while both the haughty mandarin 
 and the humblest laborer are blind devotees of absurd but potent 
 superstitions, of which the two most prevalent and powerful are 
 fung shuey and ancestral worship. The former is believed to be 
 an invisible principle pervading all things, but more strongly de- 
 veloped in some localities than others, and productive of good 
 fortune when discovered. It is deemed of great importance to 
 choose for burial purposes places favored with good fung shuey, 
 and the selection of such spots is a regular profession in the hands 
 of the "luck doctors," whose aid is also invoked before erecting a 
 house, building a bridge, or engaging in the most ordinary con- 
 cerns of life. It is not alone the lower classes who hold to this 
 strange belief; it is equally prevalent with the most refined and 
 educated. 
 
 The idea of ancestral worship is founded upon the belief that 
 the spirits of the departed have the same requirements as when on 
 earth, and that those wants can only be supplied by burning 
 material objects, the spiritual essence of which becomes available 
 to the deceased. If these offerings are neglected, misfortune will 
 surely befall the living; hence every effort is made to conciliate 
 the departed, and vast sums of money are expended in the observa- 
 tion of these filial duties. 
 
 Weighing in the balance the encouragements and discourage- 
 ments attending the presentation of Christian truth to the Chinese 
 
108 
 
 mind, there is ample reason for pressing onward in the great work; 
 and the results of past efforts afford sufficient justification for their 
 vigorous maintenance. The time is auspicious; commercial inter- 
 ests and political influence have done much toward levelling the 
 barriers that have hitherto opposed the onward march of modern 
 ideas, and the soldiers of the Cross should not be dilatory in fol- 
 lowing up the opportunity thus presented. In a field embracing 
 nearly one-third of the earth's population, what boundless scope is 
 offered for the exercise o e very energy that the Church can bring 
 to bear, and how glorious are the incentives held forth to individual 
 effort. The voice of ancient prophecy has foretold the final redemp- 
 tion of the millions of the Orient — " Behold, these shall come from 
 far; and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these 
 from the land of Sinim " — and the Church should esteem it a pecul- 
 iar and precious privilege that she is permitted to be instrumental 
 in hastening the day when shall be realized the inspired vision 
 which proclaimed that " The kingdoms of this world are become 
 the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ; and He shall reign 
 for ever and ever." 
 
> 
 
 R 
 w 
 W 
 
 O 
 > 
 
 (t- 
 
 t) 
 
 >-< 
 <! 
 W 
 
 o 
 f 
 
 M 
 
 w 
 
 s 
 
 pn 
 
 O 
 *l 
 
 B 
 
 a 
 o 
 B 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 55 
 
 Si! 
 O 
 > 
 H 
 O 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 t» 
 
 B 
 !> 
 55 
 
 B 
 > 
 
1834. RECORD OF MISSIONARIES. 1892. 
 
 THE DATE FIRST GIVEN AFTER EACH NAME IS THAT OF ARRIVAL IN THE FIELD. 
 
 Rev. Henry Lockwood, October, 18 5. Returned, September, 1839. Died, No- 
 vember, 1883. 
 Rev. Francis R. Hanson, October, 1835. Returned, May, 1838. 
 Rev. William J. Boone, m.d., October, 1837; consecrated Bishop, October, 1844. 
 
 Died, July, 1864. 
 Mrs. Boone, October, 1837. Died, August, 1842. 
 Mrs. Boone (second), April, 1845. Died, January, 1864. 
 Miss Eliza J. Gillette, April, 1845 Married the Rev. Dr. Bridgman and so left 
 
 the Mission. 
 Rev. Henry W. Woods, April, 1845. Returned, November, 1845. 
 Mrs. Woods, April, 1845. Returned, November, 1845. 
 
 Rev. Richardson Graham, April, 1845. Returned, January, 1847. (Still living.) 
 Mrs. Graham, April, 1845. Returned, January, 1847. 
 Rev. Edward W. Syle, October, 1845. Returned, January, 1861. Died October 
 
 5, 1890. 
 Mrs. Syle, October, 1845 Died, December, 1859. 
 
 Miss Emma G. Jone?, April. 1845. Returned, , 1861. Died, March, 1879. 
 
 Miss Mary J. Morse, April, 1815. Returned, January, 1852. Died, April, 1888. 
 
 Rev. Phineas D. Spalding, August, 1847. Lost at sea, August, 1849. 
 
 Miss Caroline P. Tenney (afterward Mrs. Cleveland Keith), August, 1850. Died, 
 
 Julv, 1862. 
 Miss Lydia M. Fay, March, 1851 Died, October, 1878. 
 Rev. Cleveland Keith, December, 1851. Died, July, 1862. 
 
 Rev. Robert Nelson, December, 1851. Returned, March, 1881. Died, July, 1886. 
 Mrs. Nelson, December. 1851. Returned, October, 1880. Died, September. 1885. 
 Mr. John T. Points, December, 1851. Returned, June, 1856. 
 Miss Catherine E. Jones, January, 1853. Died, November, 1S63. 
 
 Miss Emma J. Wray, April, 1854. Returned, ,1855. 
 
 Miss Jeanette R. Conover (afterward Mrs. Elliot H. Thomson), April, 1854. 
 
 Died, September 19th. 1889. 
 M W. Fish, md., August, 1855. Resigned, January, 1856. 
 Mrs. Fish, August, 1855. Resigned, January, 1856. 
 Rev. John Liggins, June, 1856. Appointed to the Japan Mission, February, 1859. 
 
 (Still living.) 
 Rev. Channing Moore Williams, June, 1856. Appointed to the Japan Mission, 
 
 February, 1859. Afterward Missionary Bishop of Yedo. (Still in the 
 
 Mission.) 
 Rev. Henry M. Parker, December, 1859. DieJ, October, 1861. 
 Mrs. Parker, December, 1859. Returned, November, 1861. (Still living.) 
 Rev- Elliot H. Thomson, December, 1859. Still in the Mission. 
 
 109 
 
no 
 
 Rev. Dudley D. Smith, December, 1859. Returned, July, 1863. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Smith, December, 1859. Died, July, 1862. 
 
 Rev. Thomas S. Yocum, December, 1859. Returned, , 1860. (Still 
 
 living. ) 
 
 Mrs. Yocum, December, 1859. Returned, , 1860. 
 
 Rev. S. I. J. Scbereschewsky, December, 1859. Consecrated Missionary Bishop 
 of Shanghai, October, 1877 ; resigned Episcopate, October, 1883 ; still 
 connected with the Mission, residing in Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Rev. Henry Purdon, December, 1859. Returned, May, 1860. (Still living.) 
 
 Mr. James T. Doyen, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Mrs. Jane M. Doyen, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hubbell, December, 1859. Returned, 1861. 
 
 Rev. Augustus C. Honing, June, 1866. Returned, October, 1876. Died, June 
 9th, 1885. 
 
 Mrs. Hohing, June, 1866. Died, April 1867. 
 
 Miss Susan M. Waring (now Mrs. Schereschewsky), November, 1867. Lef 
 Shanghai, March, 1882. 
 
 Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoy t, November, 1869. Returned, April, 1877; re-appointed, 
 March, 1878, for two years, (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Hoyt, November, 1869. Returned, April, 1877. (Still living ) 
 
 Rev. William J. Boone, January, 1870 Consecrated Missionary Bishop, Octo- 
 ber, 1884. Died October 5th, 1891. 
 
 Mrs. Boone, January, 1870. Died, November, 1875. 
 
 Rev. Francis H. Strieker, January, 1874. Returned, December, 1875. Died 
 April, 1893. 
 
 Albert C. Bunn, m.d., December, 1874. Returned, July, 1879. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Bunn, December, 1874. Died, January, 1878. 
 
 Miss Henrietta F. Harris (now Mrs. William J. Boone), March, 1876. (Living 
 in New York). 
 
 Miss Mary C. Nelson, March, 1876. Returned, March, 1881. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. Daniel M. Bates, November, 1878. Returned, June, 1881. (Still living.) 
 
 Mrs. Bates, November, 1878. Returned, 1882 (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. William S. Sayres, November, 1878. Retired, May, 1886. 
 
 Mrs. Sayres, November, 1878. Died, March, 1880. 
 
 Miss Josephine H. Roberts (now Mrs. Frederick R. Graves), June, 1880. Still 
 in the Mission. 
 
 Henry W. Boone, m.d , August, 1880. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Mrs. Boone, August, 1880. Died, October, 1881. 
 
 William A. Deas, m.d., March, 1881. Returned, October, 1890. 
 
 Mr. Edwin K. Buttles, October, 1881, Left the Mission. (Still living.) 
 
 Rev. Frederick R. Graves, October, 1881. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Miss Anna Stevens (now Mrs. William S. Sayres), October, 1881. Retired, May, 
 1886. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd, October 1881. Died, April, 1882. 
 
 Rev. Herbert Sowerby (appointed in the field as a layman). February, 1882. Or- 
 dained Deacon, October 28th, 1882, Priest, November 1st, 1884. Still in 
 the Mission. 
 
 Mrs. Sowerby, Febiuary, 1882. Still in the Mission. 
 
Ill 
 
 Miss Martha Bruce, November, 1882. Returned, April, 1884 (Still living.) 
 
 Miss Sara E. Lawson (now Mrs. Edgar M. Griffith), November, 1882. (Still living. 
 
 Rev. George H. Appleton, April 1883. Left the Mission, June, 1884. 
 
 Mrs. Appleton April, 1883. Left the Mission. June, 1884. 
 
 Rev. Arthur H. Locke, March, 1883. Returned, December, 1892. 
 
 Mrs. Locke, March, 1883. Died January, 1890. 
 
 Miss Esther A. Spencer, September, 1883. Died, March, 1891. 
 
 Mrs. Kate J. Sayers, December, 1883. Left the Mission, April, 1887. 
 
 Miss Jessie A. Purple, May, 1884. Died, March, 1887. 
 
 Rev. Sidney C. Partridge, September, 1884. Ordained Priest, September 29th, 
 
 1885. Still in the Mission. 
 Mrs. Partridge, September, 1884. Died, May, 1886. 
 
 Edgar M. Griffith, M.D., February, 1885. Left the Mission, November, 1887. 
 Rev. Francis L. H. Pott, November, 1886. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Protheroe (appointed in the field), January, 1886. Retired, Feb- 
 ruary 29th, 1888. 
 Marie Haslep, M.D., May, 1888. Still in the Mission. 
 Percy Mathews, m.d., October, 1888. Still in the Mission. 
 Mrs. Mathews, October, 1888. Still in the Mission. 
 Miss Stepha L. Dodson, October, 1888 Still in the Mission. 
 Mr. Simuel E. Smalley, September. 1889. Still in the Mission. 
 Mrs. Smalley, September, 1889. Still in the Mission. 
 Edward Merrins, m.d., October, 1891. Still in the Mission. 
 Rev. James Addison Ingle, November, 1891. Still in the Mission. 
 Rev. Robert K. Massie, November. 1^91. Still in the Mission. 
 Mrs. Massie, November, 1891. Still in the Mission. 
 
 Rev. Kong Chai Wong, 
 
 Rev. Chu Kiung Tong, 
 Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, 
 Rev. Hoong Neok Woo, 
 Rev. Kia Sung Ting, 
 Rev. Yung Tsz Yang, 
 Rev. Sung Lu Chun, 
 Rev. Zu Soong Yen, 
 Rev. Ching Chang Wu, 
 Rev. Ssz Chia Hwa, 
 Rev. Yuin Yu Sih, 
 Rev. Yu Tang Chu, 
 Rev. Ching Pang Hsia, 
 Rev. Shian Heng Yang, 
 Rev. Chih Jen Chang, 
 Rev. Kia Ching Li, 
 Rev. Ts Ming Chang, 
 Rev. Chun Lin Ku, 
 
 NATIVE CLERGYMEN. 
 
 Deacon, 1851, Presbyter, 1863. Died, November 12th, 
 1886. 
 " 1856, deposed (at his own request), 1861. 
 
 1868, Presbyter, 1870. 
 
 1873, " 1880. 
 
 " 1873, Died, 1877. 
 " 18811, " 1884. 
 
 1880. 
 " 1880. Presbyter, 1884. Died February 7th, 1889. 
 " 1882. 
 
 1882, Presbyter, 1890. 
 " 1882. 
 
 " 1882, Presbyter, 1890. 
 
 1883, deposed, 1890. 
 " 1883. 
 
 " 1884. 
 " 18-4. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1884. 
 
112 
 
 Rev. Mei Peng Kwei, 
 
 it 
 
 1884, Presbyter, 1892 
 
 Rev. Tsz Shin Chu, 
 
 a 
 
 1885, Died, April 8th, 
 
 Rev. Tsang-fa Nei, 
 
 <( 
 
 1888. 
 
 Rev. I Fu Tsun, 
 
 tt 
 
 1888. 
 
 Rev. Tsen Seng Fung, 
 
 a 
 
 1888. 
 
 Rev. Ming-Kao Hwang, 
 
 a 
 
 1888. 
 
 Rev. Swun I Wang, 
 
 tt 
 
 1888. 
 
 Rev. Yingtsung Liu, 
 
 tt 
 
 1890. 
 
 Rev. Jiang Yun Pei, 
 
 n 
 
 1890. 
 
 Rev. Tz Liang Wu, 
 
 tt 
 
 1890. 
 
 Rev. King Yun Tong, 
 
 tt 
 
 1890. 
 
 Rev. Tseng Shing Yu, 
 
 " 
 
 1890. 
 
 There are also six candidates for Holy Orders, twenty-seven catechists, 
 sixty-four teachers in College and day-schoola (Chinese). 
 
 There have been 3,245 baptisms and 1,569 confirmations (Chinese) since 1846. 
 
 MISSION PROPERTY. 
 
 3,500 00 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 700 00 
 
 600 00 
 
 700 00 
 
 VALUATIONS OF REAL ESTATE, AS REPORTED TO THE BOARD OP MANAGERS, 
 SEPTEMBER 1st, 1892. 
 
 Shanghai.— Christ Church, City (brick), say, . . $2,500 00 
 
 Church of Our Saviour, Hong Kew (brick), and 
 Rectory and grounds, 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel, Kong Wan, and site, . 
 
 St. Stephen's Chapel, San Ting Kur, and site, . 
 
 Church of the Redeemer, Ying-Ziang Kong (brick), 
 and site, . 
 
 Site for Chapel, Kia Ding, 
 
 St John's College, grounds (13 acres), five residences 
 and St. Mary's Hall, Church, Infirmary, and 
 Orphanage, 32,000 00 
 
 St. John"s College Medical School for the Education 
 of Native Physicians and Surgeons and the 
 Training of Native Nurses, and Physician's res- 
 idence and ground, Hong Kew, . . . 5,400 00 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital, Hong Kew,* .... 
 
 Woman's Hospital, site and wards, .... 6,000 00 
 
 Three lots in Hong Kew, and materials (as assessed 
 
 1889 by the Municipal Council), . . . 58,000 00 
 
 110,400 00 
 
 * The value of the main buildings, St. Luke's Hospital and site, is about $9, Of 0. This is omit 
 ted from the i oregoing list as the title is not vested in the Bishop as Trustee for the Domestic 
 and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal CSiurch in the U. S. A. The Bishop 
 is, however, a co-trustee of the property.— Seo. 
 
113 
 
 Wu Hu.— Plot of ground, . ... 70000 
 
 Ku Kiang.—Lu Shan Sanitarium, . . . 1,500 00 
 
 Wuchang.— FuKai Chapel and lot, . . . 3,000 00 
 
 Church of the Nativity, 5,000 00 
 
 Jane Bohlen Memorial School-house and residence 
 
 (.brick), 1,500 00 
 
 Bishop Boone Memorial School-house (brick), 2,500 00 
 
 Clergy-house (brick), , 4,000 00 
 
 The ground on which these four buildings stand is 
 
 worth 3,000 00 
 
 New site for Men's Hospital, to be erected, , . 2,900 00 
 Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital for Women and 
 
 Children, . 2,500 00 
 
 23,400 00 
 
 Hankow. —Mission Residence and site, . . 7,000 00 
 
 St. Paul's Church and site, . . 17,300 00 
 
 St. Paul's outbuildings, . 260 00 
 
 Chapels and sites, . ... 2,500 00 
 
 Warehouse and site, . . . 1,000 00 
 
 St. Bartholomew's House 2,000 00 
 
 School-house, . . 200 00 
 
 30,260 00 
 
 I-Chang.— House and lot,* . 8,000 00 
 
 Chefoo. — Sanitarium . . . 3,000 00 
 
 Peking.— Chapel and site, ... . 80000 
 
 Total valuation, 178,060 00 
 
 From which deduct balance of obligations entered into 
 by the Bishop as trustee, under authority of the 
 Board of Managers, for the St. John's College prop- 
 erty and_ for Hankow property (temporarily); pay- 
 able from the income of the Hong Kevv property, . 9,243 34 
 
 United States Gold Dollars, 168,816 66 
 
 * This house was destroyed by a mob in September, 1891, but its value is assured by claim of 
 $10,000 including rents and expenses, against the Chinese Government. —[President Standing 
 Committee.