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Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029564824 
 
The Committee on Publications of The Grolier Club 
 certifies that this copy of "A Catalogue of Books in 
 First Editions Selected to Illustrate the History of 
 English Prose Fiction from 1485 to 1870" is one 
 of an edition of two hundred and fifty copies on 
 French hand-made paper, printed in the month of 
 June, 1917. 
 
ENGLISH PROSE FICTION 
 
A CATALOGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 BOOKS IN FIRST EDITIONS 
 
 SELECTED TO ILLUSTRATE' 
 
 THE HISTORY OF 
 ENGLISH PROSE FICTION 
 
 FROM I485 TO 187O 
 
 We may go back as far as we please, yet we 
 find the thin ramifications of the novel, and 
 we may say literally that it is as old as the 
 world itself. Like man himself, was not the 
 world rocked in the cradle of its childhood 
 to the accompaniment of stories and tales? 
 Jusserand 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 Exhibited by THE GROLIER CLUB 
 
 APRIL" 12 TO MAY 5 
 1917 
 
 U'ij'H:AKY- 
 
4^ 
 
 % 
 
 Copyright, 191 7. by 
 
 The Grolier Club of the 
 
 City of New York 
 
 yi !Ariavm$; 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Note xiii 
 
 Introduction xvii 
 
 Early Prose Romances 3 
 
 The Elizabethans 10 
 
 The Seventeenth Century and 
 
 Heroic Romance 31 
 
 Dawn of the Modern Novel ... 43 
 
 Eighteenth Century Realists . . . 52 , 
 
 The Novel of Purpose 66 
 
 The Revival of Romance .... 70 
 
 The Novel of Domestic Satire ... 80 
 
 From Waverley to 1870 85 
 
 Some American Fiction before 1870 . 117 
 
 Index 141 
 
 Statistics of Circulation in the 
 New York Public Library . . .148 
 vii 
 
LIST OF FACSIMILES* 
 
 Plate Number 
 
 I Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, 
 
 1485 (Colophon) 2 
 
 II William Painter. The Palace of 
 
 Pleasure, 1566 5 
 
 in John Lyly. Euphues, 1579 (last page) . 10 
 
 iv Robert Greene. Pandosto, 1592 . . .13 
 
 v Sir Philip Sidney. The Countess of 
 
 Pembrokes Arcadia, 1590 . . . . 20 
 
 vi Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. The His- 
 tory of Don Quixote, 1612 (Firsf Eng- 
 lish translation of Part One) ... 27 
 
 vn John Bunyan. The Pilgrims Progress, 
 
 1678 39 
 
 vm Daniel Defoe. The Life ... of 
 
 Robinson Crusoe, 17 19 41 
 
 ix Jonathan Swift. Travels ... by Lemuel 
 
 Gulliver, 1726 (Volume One) ... 44 
 
 * The facsimiles are arranged in numerical order 
 at the end of the book. 
 
 ix 
 
LIST OF FACSIMILES 
 
 Plate Number 
 
 x Samuel Richardson. Pamela, 1741 
 
 (Volume One) 46 
 
 xi Henry Fielding. The History of . . . 
 
 Joseph Andrews, 1742 (Volume One) . 48 
 
 xii Tobias George Smollett. The Expedition 
 of Humphry Clinker, 1771 (Volume 
 /One, with error in date) 5 1 
 
 xiii Laurence Sterne. The Life and Opinions 
 of Tristram Shandy, 1760 (Volume 
 One) 52 
 
 xiv Oliver Goldsmith. The Vicar of Wake- 
 field, 1766 (Volume One) .... 61 
 
 xv Thomas Day. The History of Sandford 
 
 and Merton, 1783 (Volume One) . . 63 
 
 xvi Horace Walpole, fourth Earl of Orford. 
 
 The Castle of Otranto, 1765 ... 67 
 
 xvii Rudolf Eric Raspe. Baron Munchausen's 
 
 Narrative, 1786 70 
 
 kviii Frances Burney, Madame d'Arblay. 
 
 Evelina, 1778 (Volume One) ... 77 
 
 xix Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice, 181 3 
 
 (Volume One) . 80 
 
 xx Sir Walter Scott. Waverley, 181 4 
 
 (Volume One) 82 
 
 x 
 
LIST OF FACSIMILES 
 
 Plate Number 
 
 xxi Charles Dickens. The Posthumous Papers 
 
 of the Pickwick Club, 1837 . • • • 93 
 
 xxii Charlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre, 1847 
 
 (Volume One) 99 
 
 xxm William Makepeace Thackeray. Vanity 
 
 Fair, 1848 ..102 
 
 xxiv Charles Reade. The Cloister and the 
 
 Hearth, 1 861 (Volume One) . . .110 
 
 xxv George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans Cross). 
 
 Adam Bede, 1859 (Volume One) . .114 
 
 xxvi George Meredith. The Ordeal of Richard 
 
 Feverel, 18^9 (Volume One) . . .116 
 
 xxvii Lewis Carroll (C- L. Dodgson). Alice's 
 
 Adventures in Wonderland, 1865 . .118 
 
 xxviii Charles Brockden Brown. Wieland, 
 
 1798 124 
 
 xxix Washington Irving. A History of New 
 
 York, 1809 (Volume One) .... 126 
 
 xxx James Fenimore Cooper. The Last of the 
 
 Mohicans, 1826 (Volume One) . . .,128 
 
 xxxi Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet 
 
 Letter, 1850 132 
 
 xxxii Harriet Beecher Stowe. Uncle Tom's 
 
 Cabin, 1852 150 
 
 xi 
 
NOTE 
 
 r'HE aim of this exhibition is to show in first, 
 or early, editions the principal books which 
 illustrate the development of English prose fic- 
 tion, or reflect the popular taste of the periods to 
 which they belong. Beginning with the first book 
 printed in the English language, and extending 
 to 1870, the year of Charles Dickens's death, the 
 scope of the exhibition has made selection in many 
 cases, particularly in the matter of nineteenth cen- 
 tury novelists, extremely difficult, and the Com- 
 mittee anticipates discussion on the subject. A 
 few important writers of the last few years, of the 
 period (notably Henry James) have been omit- 
 ted, because, although their work chanced to, 
 begin prior to 1870, they belong distinctly to a 
 later day. 
 
 In addition to the members of the Club, who, 
 as usual, have contributed their books, the Com- 
 mittee begs to thank Dr. John Dane, Messrs. 
 Harold Murdock, J. Pierpont Morgan, Charles 
 E. Goodspeed, P. K. Foley and the Library of 
 
NOTE 
 
 Columbia University. The Committee also grate- 
 fully acknowledge^ the helpful advice of Profes- 
 sor Wilbur L. Cross of Yale University, Profes- 
 sor William P. Trent of Columbia University, 
 and Miss Henrietta C. Bartlett, as well as assis- 
 tance received from manuscript catalogues com- 
 piled by Miss Bartlett, and from many books 
 which are freely quoted in this catalogue. 
 
 Besides general works on English and Ameri- 
 can literature, and individual biographies, the 
 special books which have been consulted are: 
 
 CROSS, W. L. The Development of the English 
 
 Novel. IQI2. 
 DUNLOP, John. The History of Prose Fiction. 
 
 1814. 
 ERSKINE, John. Leading American Novelists. 
 
 igio. 
 ESDAILE, Arundell. A List of English Tales and 
 
 Prose Romances printed before 1740. 1912. 
 GREGORY, Allene. The French Revolution and 
 
 the English Novel. IQ15. 
 JUSSERAND, J. J. The English Novel in the 
 
 Time of Shakespeare. 1890. 
 LANIER, Sidney. The English Novel and the 
 
 Principles of its Development. 1883. 
 LOSHE, L. D. The early American Novel. 1907. 
 MASSON, David. British Novelists. 1859. 
 PHELPS, W. L. The Advance of the English 
 
 Novel. 1916. 
 
 xiv 
 
NOTE 
 
 RALEIGH, Sir Walter. The English Novel. 
 1911. ' 
 
 SAINTSBURY, George. The English Novel. 
 1913. 
 
 SCOTT, M. A. Elizabethan Translations from 
 the Italian. 1916. 
 
 STODDARD, F. H. The Evolution of the Eng- 
 lish Novel. 1900. 
 
 TUCKERMAN, Bayard. History of Prose Fic- 
 tion. 1882. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE oldest important romance of the Eng- 
 lish people is the epic poem Beowulf, 
 evolved from the songs and legends brought by 
 the Saxons to Britain. Its melancholy and rug- 
 ged simplicity contrast strongly with the gay ro- 
 mances, filled not only with deeds of valor, tut 
 with acts of love and courtesy, which were intro- 
 duced by the Norman conquest. 
 
 From the Scandinavian settlers in England 
 came the northern stories of King Horn and 
 Havelock the Dane, which breathed the Viking 
 atmosphere of the tenth century and form a group 
 by themselves in the history of metrical romance. 
 With the gradual assimilation of Norman and 
 English elements arose a consciousness of the 
 greatness of England which brought forth the 
 chroniclers of the twelfth century, who, though 
 writing in Latin, sought to awaken interest in 
 the early history and tongue of the people. 
 Prominent among them, though more of a ro- 
 mancer than a sober chronicler, was the Anglo- 
 
 xvii 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Norman, Geoffrey of Monmouth, who played an 
 important part, with his History of the Kings 
 of Britain, in reviving the Celtic legends of 
 Arthur and the settlement in Britain of Brutus 
 and his Trojans, his work showing alike to Celt, 
 Saxon and Norman a vast wealth of themes for 
 poets and story-tellers. One of the first to build 
 upon this "corner-stone of romance," as Geoffrey's 
 book has been called, was the French poet, Wace, 
 in his Brut, which formed the groundwork, early 
 in the thirteenth century, of the Brut of Laya- 
 mon, who was the first to celebrate the deeds of 
 Arthur in English verse, and whose work is sig- 
 nificant as symbolizing the union which was tak- 
 ing place among the long divided races of the 
 Island. Of the culmination of this reconciliation 
 of races and languages, Chaucer is the personifi- 
 cation, although, strangely enough, with all his 
 power as a story-teller in verse, Chaucer had little 
 influence on the early development of prose fic- 
 tion. The short, pithy tales with which Chaucer 
 was so familiar (the Latin Gesta Romanorum, 
 and later the novelle of the Italians) did, how- 
 ever, exert a great influence, and together with 
 the romances of chivalry were the forerunners of 
 the modern novel. 
 
 Layamon's work was followed by numerous 
 poems— translations and imitations of French ro- 
 
 xviii 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 mances dealing with the "matters" of France, 
 Britain and Rome, as well as with Eastern 
 legends, so that the tales were familiar to the 
 people in English verse long before they made 
 their appearance in the form of prose. In his 
 work on The English Novel, Sir Walter Raleigh 
 says: "When Sir Thomas Malory, Caxton and 
 Lord Berners gave to the Arthur and Charle- 
 magne romances their first English prose dress, 
 it was from late French versions that they 
 worked. The history of English prose fiction 
 begins with those three names, at precisely the 
 point where the researches of folk-lore reach their 
 conclusion. The age of the nameless minstrel is 
 over, that of the responsible prose author has 
 begun." 
 
 xix 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 
 William Caxton (i422?-i49i) 
 Sir Thomas Malory (fl. 1470) 
 
 With the invention of printing in the middle of 
 the fifteenth century came an enormous increase 
 in the diffusion of literature, and in England the 
 influence of the art upon the development of 
 romances was especially important. It is of 
 marked significance that the first book printed 
 in the English language^— the book, in fact, for 
 the production of which William Caxton learned 
 the art of printing — was an historical romance, 
 Caxton's own translation of Le Fevre's Recueil 
 des Histoires de Troye, printed, however, at 
 Bruges, about 1475. 
 
 Upon setting up his press at Westminster, the 
 first English printer continued to show that he 
 was "no less intent upon diverting his customers 
 than upon improving their knowledge and mor- 
 als," but it was not until 1485 that he undertook 
 the publication of his most 'notable prose romance, 
 Sir Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur, one of the 
 great books of the world. Nothing is known 
 with certainty of Malory, beyond what is told in 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 
 the book itself, the conclusion and colophon of 
 which are quoted below. The work is a bringing 
 together of the great body of Arthurian romance, 
 mainly from French sources, with some few adap- 
 tations from English poems, and the occasional 
 expression of Malory's own thoughts. In dis- 
 cussing the subject, Mr. Saintsbury writes: "It 
 is what the artist does with his materials, not 
 where he gets them, that is the question; and 
 Malory has done, with his materials, a very great 
 thing indeed." Malory's work was a source of 
 great inspiration to the following age, but with 
 the Elizabethan era its influence dwindled. The 
 nineteenth century saw a great revival of interest, 
 but its results, in the work of Tennyson, Morris, 
 Arnold and Swinburne, were mainly poetical. 
 
 In his celebrated preface, after discussing his rea- 
 sons for undertaking the publication of Le Morte 
 Darthur, and the probability of the hero's actual 
 existence, Caxton wrote that memorable passage 
 which has been said to mark the beginning of 
 ^English prose fiction: "For herein may be seen 
 noble chivalry, courtesy, humanity, friendliness, 
 hardihood, love, friendship, cowardice, murder, 
 hate, virtue and sin. . . . And for to pass the 
 time this book shall be pleasant to read in; but 
 for to give faith and believe that all is true that 
 is contained herein, be ye at your liberty." 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 
 Other romances and tales presented by Caxtbn 
 to English readers are Godfrey of Boulogne, Rey- 
 nard the Fox, The History of Jason, Charles the 
 Great, Paris and Vienne, Blanchardine and 
 Eglantine, The Four Sons of Aymon and 
 . Eneydos. 
 
 i [The Recuyell of the Histories of Troy] 
 hEre begynneth the volume intituled and 
 named the recuyell of the historyes of 
 troye, composed and drawen out of dy- 
 verce bookes of latyn into frensshe by . . . 
 Raoul le ffevre . . . And translated and 
 drawen out of frenshe into englisshe by 
 Willyam Caxton . . . [Bruges, William 
 Caxton and Collard Mansion, c. 1475.] 
 The first book printed in the English language. 
 Folio. Black letter. 
 
 Editions were issued by Wynkyn de Worde in 
 1 SOS, and by William Copland in 1553- An 
 "eighteenth edition" appeared in 1738. 
 
 2 [Le Morte Parthur] [Malory's conclu- 
 sion] . . . FER this book was ended THE IX 
 yere of the reygne of kyng edward the 
 fourth by syr thomas maleore knyght as 
 Jhesu helpe hym for hys grete myght as 
 he is the servaunt of jhesu bothe day and 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 NYGHT. [CAXTON'S COLOPHON ] . . . WhICHE 
 
 booke was reduced in to englysshe by sir 
 Thomas Malory knyght as afore is sayd 
 and by me deveyded in to xxi. bookes chap- 
 ytred and emprynted and fynysshed in 
 thabby westmestre the last day of juyl 
 the yere of our lord mcccclxxxv caxton 
 me fiere fecit. [westminster, wllliam 
 Caxton, 1485. J 
 
 First edition. Folio. Black letter. The only 
 perfect copy known. 
 
 Wynkyn de Worde made two reprints of the 
 work, in 1498 and 1529, and editions were issued 
 by William Copland (i557)> Thomas East 
 (two, about 1585), and William Stansby 
 (1634). An abridgment appeared in 1684, but 
 the. entire work was not reissued until 1816, when 
 Stansby's edition was twice reprinted. In 1817 
 Robert Southey edited a reprint of Caxton s ver- 
 sion, using an imperfect copy in the Althorp col- 
 lection, the only copy known to exist in addition 
 to the perfect one here exhibited. 
 
 Wynkyn de Worde (d. 1534?) 
 Robert Copland (fl. i 508-1 547) 
 
 Caxton's successors, especially Wynkyn de 
 Worde, the apprentice who succeeded to Caxton's 
 
 6 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 
 press, followed in the master's footsteps in their 
 choice of subjects, and published many works of 
 fiction. Among those which issued from Wynkyn 
 de Worde's press were Robert the Devil, Gesta 
 Romanarum, Oliver of Castile, and, probably, 
 Lord Berners's version of Huon of Bordeaux, 
 "the best English prose specimen of the Charle- 
 magne cycle of romances, as Malory's work is the 
 best of the Arthur cycle" (a unique copy of the first 
 edition exists in England). In 1512 he published, 
 for the first time in English, the History of Hel- 
 yas, Knight of the Swan, one of the most popular 
 of the mediaeval legends and analogous to the 
 romance of Lohengrin, which seems to have been 
 founded upon it. The legend usually formed the 
 first part of the story of Godfrey of Boulogne, 
 grandson of the hero, but was omitted by Caxton 
 when he translated and printed the history of 
 Godfrey. Helyas was translated from the French 
 by Robert Copland, at the suggestion of Edward, 
 Duke of Buckingham, "descendant of the Knight ' 
 'of the Swan." The book was illustrated with 
 woodcuts, which added greatly to its interest. 
 
 3 The History of Helyas Knight of the 
 Swan. Translated by Robert Copland 
 from the French Version published in 
 Paris in 1504. A literal reprint in the 
 
EARLY PROSE ROMANCES 
 
 TYPES OF WYNK1N DE WORDE AFTER THE 
 UNIQUE COPY PRINTED BY HIM UPON PARCH- 
 MENT in London MCCCCCXII. The Gro- 
 lier Club of the City of New York, 1901. 
 Reprint of a unique copy {on vellum) of Wyn- 
 kyn de Worde's edition. Quarto. Woodcuts. 
 One of three copies printed on vellum. 
 
 Some years after 1512 an undated edition was 
 issue.d by William Copland, son of the translator. 
 
 Sir Thomas More (.1478-1535) 
 
 Based to a certain extent upon Plato's Republic, 
 Sir Thomas More's Utopia, the subject of which 
 is the quest for a model form of government, is 
 an early English example of the kind of fiction 
 which later included Barclay's Argents (in its 
 political aspect), Bacon's New Atlantis, and 
 Gulliver's Travels, and has been characterized by 
 Professor Cross as "the Coming Race or the 
 Looking Backward of our learned ancestors." It 
 was written in Latin, 1515--1516, and published 
 at Louvain, but was translated into English by 
 Ralph Robinson in 155 1. Other English trans- 
 lations were made by Bishop Burnet (1684) and 
 Arthur Cayley (1808). ' It has also appeared in 
 German, Italian, Dutch and Spanish. 
 
 8 
 
early prose romances 
 
 llbellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris 
 quam festivus de optimo reipublicae statu 
 . . . arte Theodorici Martini Alustensis, 
 Typographi almae Lovaniensium Acade- 
 
 MIAE . . . [l5l6]. , 
 
 First edition of Utopia. Quarto. Woodcuts 
 ("Vtopiae Insulae figura"~'and Thierry Martin's 
 device). Black letter. 
 
 Erasmus arranged for the publication of this 
 edition. Another was issued by Froben at Basle 
 in 1 5 18, and English editions 'appeared in i$5i> 
 1556, 1597, and several in the next century. A 
 "new edition" pf 1808 was edited by Thomas 
 Frognall Dibdin. 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 William Painter (i540?-i594) and 
 
 -,<, ..-.»$•> the Italian. Influence 
 
 "The history of prose fiction in the time of Eliz- 
 abeth," writes Sir Walter Raleigh, "is the his- 
 tory of the triumph of the Italian novel, long be- 
 fore introduced into England in the verse of 
 Chaucer, over fits natural rival, the romance." 
 
 The transition did not take place, however, 
 without bitter opposition, which continued beyond 
 the limits of the century. Good Roger Ascham, 
 who heartily disapproved the Morte Darthur, 
 wrote in his Schoolmaster: "Ten Morte D'Ar- 
 thures do not the tenth part so much harm as one 
 of these books made in Italie and translated in 
 England," which, said he, were to be found in 
 every shop in London, bringing into England such 
 wickedness "as the single head of an Englishman 
 is not hable to invent." Of the numerous trans- 
 lations from Boccaccio, Bandello and others, 
 which flooded the first half of Elizabeth's reign, 
 the best is William Painter's Palace of Pleasure, 
 a collection of nearly one hundred stories • or 
 novelle, derived from the Latin, Greek and 
 
 10 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 French as well as Italian. It furnished a rich 
 storehouse for later story-tellers, and Shakespeare 
 and other dramatists drew largely from it for 
 their plays. In her work on Elizabethan Trans- 
 lations from the Italian, Dr. Mary A. Scott says 
 that she finds forty-three Elizabethan plays whose 
 plots are in The Palace of Pleasure. 
 
 The Palace of Pleasure Beautified, 
 adorned and well furnished, with pleas- 
 aunt Histories and excellent Novelles, 
 selected out of divers good and commend- 
 ABLE Authors. By William Painter . . . 
 1566 Imprinted at London, by Henry. Den- 
 ham, for Richard Tottell and William 
 Jones. 
 
 The second Tome of the Palace of Pleas- 
 ure . . . Anno. 1567. Imprinted at Lon- 
 don ... by Henrie Bynneman for Nicho- 
 las England. 
 
 First editions. Quarto. Two volumes. Black 
 letter. 
 
 Editions were issued by Thomas Marshe in 
 1569 and 1 575 , the latter being reprinted in 1813 
 and again in 1890. 
 
 11 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 Sir Geoffrey Fenton (i539?-i6o8) 
 
 Fenton's collection of thirteen novels of Ban- 
 dello is derived largely from Boaistuaii and Belle- 
 forest's French translation. ) ; It contains several 
 of the tales which appeared in Painter's second 
 volume, published the same year. The book is 
 dedicated to Lady Mary Sidney, mother of Sir 
 Philip Sidney. 
 
 6 Certaine Tragicall Discourses written 
 
 OUTE OF FrENCHE AND LATIN, BY GEFFRAIE 
 
 Fenton, no lesse profitable than pleas- 
 aunt . . . Imprinted at London ... by 
 Thomas Marshe, Anno Domini. 1567. 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 Other editions appeared in 1576 and 1579. 
 
 William Adlington (fl. 1566) 
 
 In Adlington's translation of Apuleius's collection 
 of tales, dating from the second century, we find 
 in English form the story of the marriage of 
 Cupid and Psyche, adapted by Apuleius from 
 popular legend, and the most beautiful part of his 
 work. In Apuleius, too, is found an early form 
 of the picaresque escapade. 
 
 12 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 7 The XI. Bookes of the Golden Asse, con- 
 
 TEININGE THE METAMORPHOSIS OF LUCIUS 
 APULEIUS, ENTERLACED WITH SONDRIE PLEAS- 
 AUNT AND DELECTABLE TALES, WITH AN EX- 
 CELLENT Narration of the Mariage of 
 Cupide and Psyches . . . Translated out 
 of Latine into Englishe by William Ad- 
 lington. Imprinted at London in Fleete- 
 streete, by wllliam how, for abraham 
 Veale. Anno 1571. 
 x Second English edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 The first edition in English appeared in 1566. 
 
 George Pettie (1548-1589) 
 
 Of Pettie's Petite Pallace, a collection of twelve 
 classical' tales; Edward Dowden has said: "The 
 tales were old, but the manner of telling them 
 was new, and it. is this which gives importance 
 to Pettie's work." Anthony a Wood, however, 
 wrote that the book was "more fit to be read by 
 a schoolboy, or rustical amorette than by a gent, 
 of mode or language." 
 
 8 A petite Pallace, of Pettie his Pleasure: 
 conteynyng manY'PRetie Histories by hym 
 
 SET FOORTH IN COMELY COLLOURS . . . [At 
 
 end] Printed at London, by R. W. [Rich- 
 ard Watkins, 15761?], 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 13 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 There • are several undated editionsj all of 
 which differ from the present copy. As this con- 
 tains the preliminary matter which Sir Sidney 
 Lee says should be in the first edition, we con- 
 clude it to be the first. Dated editions appeared 
 in 159S, 1608 and 1613. 
 
 George Whetstone (i544?-is87?) 
 
 Many of the stories of Whetstone's Heptameron 
 are derived from Giraldi Cinthio's Hecatom- 
 mithi, notably The Rare Historie of Promos and 
 Cassandra, on which Shakespeare based Measure 
 for Measure. Whetstone had already used the 
 plot for a play which, he stated in the Heptam- 
 eron, had never been acted, though Shakespeare 
 was probably familiar with it. Of Whetstone's 
 prose version, Walter Pater wrote that it "still 
 figures as a genuine piece, with touches of unde- 
 signed poetry, a. quaint field flower here and there 
 of diction or sentiment, the whole strung up to 
 an effective brevity, and with the fragrance of 
 that admirable age of literature all about it." 
 
 9 An Heptameron of Civill Discourses. 
 Containing: The Christmasse Exercise of 
 sundrie well courted gentlemen and 
 Gentlewomen . . . The Reporte, of 
 
 14 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 George Whetstone, Gent. [Quotation] 
 At London. Printed by Richard Jones . . . 
 3. Feb. 1582. 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 A variation of the title-page is said to exist. 
 Another edition, with the title Aurelia, was issued 
 in 1593. 
 
 John Lyly (1554 ?-i6o6) and Euphuism , 
 
 It seems to have been the success of the various 
 cpmpilations and translations like Painter's Pal- 
 ace of Pleasure which encouraged John Lyly to 
 produce his Euphues, which has been called- the 
 first original' prose novel written in England. 
 The story is a tedious one,, dealing with the ad- 
 ventures, correspondence and conversations of -a. 
 youth of Athens "engaged in the pursuit of a 
 strictly moral training." Its style, said to have 
 been modelled on that of Guevara, is character- 
 ized by constant and affected straining after epi- 
 gram and antithesis, on account of which Lyly 
 and his followers are known as "Euphuists," with 
 whom the subject matter is less important than 
 the manner in which it is expressed. Its influ- 
 ence, though enormous for a few years, was of 
 short duration, and it was the subject of much 
 
 15 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 ridicule from Ben Jonson, Wither, Drayton and 
 others, down to Scott, in The Monastery. 
 
 10 [Euphues. The Anatomy of Wyt.] [At 
 end of copy shown] imprinted at london, 
 by Thomas East, for Gabriel Cawood. 
 
 1579- 
 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. Title- 
 page lacking. 
 
 The bibliography of this book is very uncer- 
 tain. It was licensed on December 2, 1578, an ^ 
 that year is assigned {with a question) to an edi- 
 tion in the British Museum. Another edition 
 appeared in 1579 and others in 1580 and 1581. 
 During the present year E. P. Dutton £sf Co. 
 have issued editions of both Euphues and its con- 
 tinuation (see next number). 
 
 A copy of the 1581 edition is exhibited also. 
 
 11 Euphues and his England. Containing 
 his voyage and adventures ... By John 
 Lyly, Maister of Arte . . . Imprinted at 
 London. for Gabriell Cawood . . . 1580. 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 No perfect copy of this first edition of Lyly's 
 continuation of Euphues seems to exist. At least 
 one other edition appeared the same year (1580) 
 and another in 1582. The two parts were issued 
 frequently before 1636. 
 
 16 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 Robert Greene (15607-1592) 
 
 One of Lyly's foremost "legatees and executors," 
 as his disciples claimed themselves to be, was 
 Robert Greene, who left a larger' contribution to 
 the novel literature of his day than any other 
 Elizabethan writer. His non-dramatic' works 
 were of four kinds: romantic novels, called by 
 Greene "Love pamphlets," of which Pandosto is 
 a good example; patriotic pamphlets, such as 
 Spanish Masquerado; "conny-catching" writings, 
 describing the tricks of London swindlers; and 
 the "Repentances," from which much of Greene's 
 own life and character is learned. Among the 
 last, A Groats-worth of Wit is notable for its 
 abusive passage on Shakespeare, the first allusion 
 to the poet in contemporary literature. 
 
 "Greene," writes M. Jusserand, "was one of the 
 most original specimens of the unfortunate men 
 who in the time of Elizabeth attempted, to live by 
 their pen. He was as remarkable for his ex- 
 travagances of conduct as for his talents, some- 
 times gaining money and fame by the success of 
 his writings, sometimes sinking into abject poverty 
 and consorting with the outcasts of society. Of 
 all the writers of the Elizabethan period he is 
 perhaps the one whose life and character we can 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 best picture to ourselves ; for in his last years . . . 
 he wrote with the utmost sincerity autobiographi- 
 cal tales and pamphlets, which are invaluable as 
 a picture of the times; they are, in fact, nothing 
 else than the Scenes de la Vie de Boheme of 
 Elizabethan England." 
 
 12 Mamillia. The second part of the tri- 
 umph of Pallas: Wherein With Perpet- 
 ual FAME THE CONSTANCIE OF GENTLEWOMEN 
 
 is canonise^ ... by robert greene mais- 
 ter of Arts, in Cambridge. London Printed 
 by Th. C. for William Ponsonbie. 1593. 
 Earliest edition known of Part II. Quarto. 
 Black letter. The Halliwell-Phillips copy. 
 
 Greene's earliest novel, the first part of which 
 was licensed in 1580, the second in 1583. The 
 first known edition of either part is that of Part I, 
 1583, a unique copy of which is in the Bodleian 
 Library. The work is a poor imitation of 
 Euphues. 
 
 13 Pandosto The Triumph of Time. 
 Wherein Is Discovered by a pleasant His- 
 torie, that although by the meanes of sin- 
 ISTER fortune Truth may be concealed, 
 yet by Time in spite of fortune it is most 
 manifestly revealed. Pleasant for age to 
 avoyd drowsie thoughts, profitable for 
 
 18 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 youth to eschue other wanton pastimes, 
 and bringing to both a desired content . . . 
 By Robert Greene . . . Imprinted at Lon- 
 don for I. B. . . . 1592. 
 Second edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 This story, on which The Winter's Tale was 
 founded, is one of the best known of Greene's 
 novels. It first appeared in 1588, the only known 
 copy of that edition (British Museum) being im- 
 perfect. The present copy is the earliest perfect 
 copy of the story known and is the only one of 
 this edition. No less than fifteen other editions 
 were issued before 1700, and several in the eigh- 
 teenth century, most of them with the title, The 
 pleasant Historie of Dorastus and Fawnia. 
 
 4 C0 PV °f the edition of 1763, showing the long 
 continued popularity of this romance, is also ex- 
 hibited. 
 
 14 Ciceronis Amor. Tullies Love. Wherein 
 is discoursed the prime of clceroes youth 
 ... a worke full of pleasure as follow- 
 ing clceroes vaine, who was as conceipted 
 in his youth as grave in his age, profitable 
 as conteining precepts worthie so famous 
 an Orator. Robert Greene in Artibus 
 Magister ... At London, Printed by Rob- 
 ert Robinson . . . 1589. 
 
 19 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. The Nas- 
 sau-Heber-Corser-Huth copy, being the only one 
 known of this first edition. 
 
 14a Greenes, Groats-worth of witte, bought 
 with a million of repentance . . . writ- 
 ten before his death and published at his 
 dyeing request . . . london imprinted 
 for William Wright. 1592. . 
 First edition. Small octavo. Black letter. Only 
 one other copy, is known. 
 
 The most famous of Greene's "Repentances" 
 containing the first known allusion to Shakespeare 
 in print: "For there is an upstart Crow," etc. 
 
 Another edition appeared in 1596, and several 
 in the next century. 
 
 Thomas Lodge (1 558?-! 625) 
 
 Thomas Lodge, friend and collaborator in play- 
 writing of Robert Greene, was another imitator 
 of Lyly. His best known novel is the pastoral 
 tale" Rosalynde, later issued as Euphues Golden 
 Legacie, which furnished the plot of As You Like 
 It. In it the author describes himself as a soldier 
 and sailor offering to his readers "the fruits of his 
 labors that he wrought in the ocean when everie 
 line was wet with a surge, and everie passion 
 countercheckt with by storm." Of the work 
 
 20 ' 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 Professor Wilbur L. Cross has written: "Rosa- 
 lind, a pastoral composed in the ornate language 
 of Euphues, is the flower of Elizabethan romance. 
 It satisfies some of the usual terms in the modern 
 definition of the novel. For it is of reasonable 
 length ; it possesses a kind of structure, and closes 
 with an elaborate moral." 
 
 15 Euphues Golden Legacie. Found after 
 his death in his Cell at Silexedra. Be 7 
 queathed to Philautus Sonnes, nursed up 
 with their Father in England. Fetcht 
 from the Canaries, by T. L. Gent. London 
 Printed for Francis Smethwicke . . . 1642. 
 Quarto. Black letter'. 
 
 The first edition, entitled Rosalynde, of which 
 only two copies seem to be known, appeared in 
 1590; others in 1592 and 1598. There were 
 several other editions in the seventeenth century 
 antedating the present copy. All are very rare. 
 
 16 The Life and Death of William Long 
 beard, the most famous and witty English 
 Traitor, borne in the Citty of London. 
 Accompanied with manye other most pleas- 
 ant and prettie histories By T. L. . . . 
 Printed at London by Rychard Yardley 
 and Peter Short . . . 1593, 
 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 21 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 There seems to be only one other perfect copy, 
 the Bodleian, which belongs to another issue, per- 
 haps an earlier one, without the motto on the title 
 and the dedication to Sir W. Web. 
 
 Bartholomew Young (fl. 1577-1598) and 
 the Spanish Influence 
 
 To Bartholomew Young the English novel is 
 chiefly indebted for his translation of Monte- 
 mayor's Diana, through which the Spanish pas- 
 toral school was introduced into England. Mori- 
 temayor's work, printed in Spanish about I559i is 
 thought to have had a distinct influence upon 
 Sidney, and Shakespeare must have been familiar 
 with it in some form. Young's translation existed 
 in manuscript some sixteen years before it was 
 published. It was undertaken as an exercise to 
 keep up his knowledge of Spanish, after a two 
 years' residence in Spain. Between its translation 
 and publication Young made an important con- 
 tribution to the large number of English trans- 
 lations from the Italian in his rendering into 
 English of Boccaccio's Amorous Fiammetta. A 
 translation of Hiana by Thomas Wilson exists in 
 manuscript in the British Museum. 
 
 17 Amorous Fiammetta. Wherein is sette 
 downe a catalogue of all and singular 
 
 22 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 passions of Love and jealousie, incident to 
 an enamored yong gentlewoman . . . flrst 
 wrytten in Italian by Master John Boc- 
 cace . . . And now done into English by 
 B. Giovano del. M. Temp. ... At London, 
 Printed by I. C. for Thomas Gubbin, and 
 Thomas Newman. Anno. 1587. 
 Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 18 Diana of George of Montemayor: Trans- 
 lated out of Spanish into English by 
 "Bartholomew Yong of the Middle Temple 
 Gentleman. At London, Printed by Edm. 
 Bollifant, Impensis G. B. 1598 
 First English edition. Folio. 
 
 The book is dedicated to Lady Rich, Sidney's 
 "Stella." 
 
 Anthony Munday (1553-1633) 
 
 Two series of chivalresque romances which kept 
 their popularity throughout the sixteenth and into 
 the seventeenth century were the Amadis of Gaul 
 and the Palmerin series, both of which were pre- 
 sented in voluminous translations to English read- 
 ers by Anthony Munday. Emanuel Ford, whose 
 Parismus appeared in 1598, was largely influ- 
 enced by these translations. The Palmerin series 
 
 23 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 began in Spain with Palmerin d'Oliva, first 
 printed at Salamanca in 151 1. Munday's trans- 
 lation, made from the French version, ran into 
 numerous editions. 
 
 19 Palmerin D'Oliva. The Mirrour of no- 
 
 BILITIE, MAPPE OF HONOR, AnATOMIE OF RARE 
 
 fortunes, heroycall president of lpve : 
 . . . Written in the Spanish, Italian and 
 French, and from them turned into Eng- 
 lish by A. M. . . . At London, Printed by 
 I. Charlewoode, for William Wright . . . 
 1588. 
 
 First English edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 One of two or three known perfect copies. 
 
 A second part appeared in 1597, and numerous 
 editions of other books of the series before IJQO. 
 
 Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586) and the 
 Pastoral Romance 
 
 Of Sidney's contribution to the English novel in 
 his prose pastoral, Arcadia, Sir Walter Raleigh 
 says: "The story, with its disguisings, digressions, 
 and cross-purposes, would furnish forth plot 
 enough for twenty ordinary novels; but it was the 
 sentiment of the work, rather than its plot, that 
 procured its popularity and influence in the next 
 
 24 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 century. The Arcadia, in fact, is in some sort a 
 halfway house between the older romances of 
 chivalry and the long-winded 'heroic' romances 
 of the seventeenth century." 
 
 While condemning the conceits of the Euphu- 
 ists, Sidney introduced a style which was almost 
 as artificial, but his Arcadia, a "poem in prose," 
 held its popularity for over one hundred years/ 
 It was begun, in 1580 for the amusement of his 
 sister, the Countess of Pembroke, famed in Jon- 
 son's ,verse as "Sidney's sister, Pembroke's 
 mother," and was in wide circulation in manu- 
 script copies long before it was printed, in 1590, 
 by William Ponsonby. It is thus the first pastoral 
 romance written in English, although appearing 
 in print the same year as Lodge's Rosdlynde. Sid- 
 ney is said to have borrowed his title from the 
 Arcadia of Sannazaro (1502) , while his treatment 
 of the' subject was influenced by Montemayor's 
 Diana, and the Amadis of Gaul. 
 
 20 The Countess of Pembrokes Arcadia, writ- 
 ten by Sir Philippe Sidnei. London 
 Printed for William Ponsonbie* Anno 
 Domini, 1590. 
 First edition. Quarto. 
 
 The work was revised by the Countess of Pem- 
 broke for the second, edition, which was printed 
 
 25 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 in folio in 1593. Other folio editions were pub- 
 lished in 1598, 1599, 1605, and 1613. The "thir- 
 teenth edition" appeared in 1674. 
 
 20a A Contemporary Manuscript of Sidney's 
 Arcadia. > 
 
 Sidney entirely rewrote the first two books of the 
 Arcadia, and part of the third, and it was this 
 revised form that was printed in 1590. The 
 manuscript here shown gives the first draft, which 
 has never been printed. The work was not pub- 
 lished until four years after Sidney's death, but 
 was circulated among friends of his family in 
 manuscript copies like this one. All the printed 
 editions are from his revised version of the first 
 books. 
 
 21 L'Arcadie De La Comtesse De Pembrok 
 . . . Compose par Messire Philippe Sidney, 
 Chevalier Anglois, Mise en nostre langue, 
 Par I. Baudoin. A Paris . . . M.DC.XXIV 
 
 , One of the earliest English works of fiction to be 
 translated into French. It was preceded by trans- 
 lations of Greene, and of More's Utopia. An- 
 other French translation of Arcadia, by a "gentil- 
 homme Franqois" {afterward acknowledged to be 
 by Mile. Genevieve Chappelain), appeared at 
 about the same time. 
 
 26 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 R. D. (Robert Dallyngton?) 
 
 Francesco Colonna's Hypnerotomachia, descrip- 
 tive of the love of the author for the beautiful 
 Polia, was first published by Aldus Manutius in 
 1499, the book being adorned with one hundred 
 and seventy-two notable woodcuts by an un- 
 known artist, the identity of whom has caused 
 much discussion. The first English translation, 
 dedicated to the memory of Sir Philip Sidney, 
 and with an "Epistle" signed <f R. D.," appeared 
 in 1592. The work is greatly abridged, and the 
 woodcuts are copies of those in the Aldine edi- 
 tion. 
 
 22 Hypnerotomachia. The Strife of Love in 
 a Dreame. At London, Printed for Wil- 
 liam Holme . . . 1592. 
 First English edition. Quarto. Woodcuts. 
 
 The book is found with two other imprints, 
 "Printed for John Busbie . . ." and "Printed 
 for Simon Waterson . . ." In 1911 the British 
 Museum selected the Huth copy as one of the 
 fifty books which it was allowed to choose from 
 that collection. A reprint, edited by Andrew 
 Lang, was published in i8go. 
 
 27 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 Thomas Nash (i 567-1601) and 
 Picaresque Fiction 
 
 Thomas Nash, the direct forerunner of Defoe, is 
 best known as the founder in England of the 
 picaresque romance, of which the earliest example 
 is his Unfortunate Traveller, or, The Life of 
 Jacke Wilton, "describing realistically the shifts 
 and adventures, perils and escapes, of a light- 
 hearted, witty, spring-heeled knave, who goes 
 through all worldly vicissitudes, thus lending 
 himself to his creator's purpose of gaining the 
 opportunity to describe or satirize all classes of 
 society. 
 
 This style of fiction began in mediaeval times 
 with Reynard the Fox, the immediate forerunner 
 of Nash's book being the Spanish novel, jLazartV/o 
 de Tormes. Henry Chettle's Piers Plain, 1595, 
 is another novel of the same character as Nash's 
 Unfortunate Traveller. 
 
 23 The Unfortunate Traveller. Or, The 
 Life of Jacke Wilton . . . Tho. Nashe. 
 London, Printed by T. Scarlet for C. 
 Busby . . . [1594]. 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 The second edition appeared the same year. 
 
 28 
 
the elizabethans 
 
 24 The Pleasant History Of Lazarillo de 
 tormes a spanyard . . . drawen out of 
 Spanish, by David Rowland of Anglesey 
 . . . London, Printed by F. H. 1624. 
 Octavo. 
 
 First published about 1553, the first English 
 translation appearing in 1576. The book is 
 shown here on account of its direct influence upon 
 Nash and his school. 
 
 Emanuel Ford (fl. 1598-1607) 
 
 In Ford's Parismus (1598-1599), extraordinarily 
 popular in its day, is found a survival of the ro- 
 mances of chivalry, with all the artificiality which 
 they later assumed. The author was a follower 
 of Greene, and a Euphuist. He wrote several 
 other romances. 
 
 25 The Most Famous Delectable; And Pleas- 
 ant History Of Parismus The most Re- 
 nowned Prince of Bohemia . . . The 
 Tenth Impression, newly Corrected and 
 Amended. London, Printed by A. P. for F. 
 Coles . . . M.DC. LXXVII. 
 Quarto. Two volumes. Frontispieces {the same 
 in both volumes). Black letter. 
 
 29 
 
THE ELIZABETHANS 
 
 The first edition appeared in 15981 and a sec- 
 ond part was added, in 1599. It went through 
 numerous editions before IJOO. 
 
 Nicholas Breton ( 1545 ?-i626?) 
 
 Nicholas Breton, author of various religious, sa- 
 tirical, romantic and pastoral writings in prose 
 and verse, was another follower of Lyly. 
 
 26 Grimello's Fortunes, With his Entertain- 
 ment in his travaile. A discourse full of 
 pleasure. London, Printed for E. White 
 . . . 1604. 
 First edition. Quarto. Black letter. 
 
 30 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 AND HEROIC ROMANCE 
 
 Translations of Cervantes (1547-1616) 
 
 The most important event in the history of fic- 
 tion during the seventeenth century was the ap- 
 pearance at Madrid, in 1605-1615, of Don Qui- 
 xote, which, translated into English in 1612- 
 1620, was later to exercise so important an influ- 
 ence on many English novelists, among them 
 , Fielding, Sterile, Smollett, Thackeray and Dick- 
 ens. Begun with the object of ridiculing the ro- 
 mances of chivalry, the work expanded into a 
 , brilliant picture of Spanish life, with realistic 
 drawing of character and a new kind of humor, 
 at times approaching tragedy and pathos, which 
 became an important element of modern fiction. 
 It has been said of Don Quixote that "children 
 turn its leaves, young people read it, grown men 
 understand it, old folk praise it." 
 
 The popularity, in England, of the first part 
 probably led to the early translation of the au- 
 thor's Persiles and Sigismunda. 
 
 27 The History of the Valorous and Wittie 
 Knight-Errant, Don Quixote of the 
 
 3i 
 
the seventeenth century 
 
 Mancha. Translated out of the Spanish. 
 London Printed by William Stansby . . . 
 1612. 
 
 The Second Part of the History of the 
 Valorous and witty Knight-Errant, Don 
 Quixote' of the Mancha. Written in 
 Spanish by Michael Cervantes . . . Lon- 
 don, Printed for Edward Blount. 1620. 
 First English editions. Octavo. Two volumes. 
 Engraved title in Part II. Only a few perfect 
 copies are known. 
 
 Thomas Shelton's translation. When the sec* 
 and part appeared, the first was reprinted to ac- 
 company it. Other editions appeared in 1652 and 
 1675. In 1687 it was translated by John Phil- 
 lips, and in 1742 by Charles Jervas, on whose 
 workiSmollett based his translation. 
 
 28 The Travels of Persiles and Sigismunda. 
 A Northern History . . . The first Copie, 
 beeing written in spanish; translated 
 afterward into French; and now, last, 
 into English. London, Printed by H. L. 
 for M. L. . . . 1619. 
 First English edition. Octavo. 
 
 First published in Madrid in 1617, this passed 
 through eight Spanish editions in two years. 
 
 32 
 
the seventeenth century 
 
 John Barclay (1582-1621) 
 
 "According to one view," writes Edward Bens- 
 ley, in the Cambridge History of English Litera- 
 ture, "Argenis is simply a political treatise cast in 
 the form of a novel. According to another, it is 
 a perpetual historical allegory; while a third 
 would make it, in all that is essential, a romance. 
 ... It was among the influences that passed into 
 the heroic novel, and separate signs of it are fre- 
 quent in the literature of' the seventeenth cen- 
 tury." 
 
 Written in Latin in 1621, it was speedily, trans- 
 lated into English, French, Spanish, Italian and 
 Dutch. A translation by Ben Jonson, entered at 
 Stationers' Hall in 1623, was never published. 
 
 29 Barclay his Argenis. Or, The Loves of 
 Polyarchies & Argenis. Faithfully Trans- 
 lated out of Latin into English, by Kings- 
 mill Long Esquire. The Second Edition, 
 Beautified with Pictures Together with 
 a Key Prefixed to unlock the whole Story. 
 London Printed for Henry Seile . . . 
 J6 3 6 f .- 
 
 Second edition of Long's translation. Quarto. 
 Engraved title-page. 
 
 33 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 Several Latin editions were published. The 
 first edition of Long's translation appeared in 
 1625,, and a translation by Sir Robert Le Grys 
 in 1628. 
 
 Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Albans 
 (1561-1626) 
 
 Allied to More's Utopia and Barclay's Argents, 
 Bacon's fragment, The New Atlantis, offers a 
 scheme for model facilities for scientific research! 
 and is credited with having suggested the foun- 
 dation of the Royal Society of England and vari- 
 ous similar associations. Although written be- 
 tween 1614 and 1618, it was not published until 
 after Bacon's death, when it appeared in Silva 
 Silvarum., 
 
 30 Silva Silvarum: Or A naturall Historie. 
 In Ten Centuries. Written By The Right 
 Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam Vis- 
 count St. Alban . . . London, Printed by 
 J. H. for William Lee . . . 1627. 
 First edition. Quarto. Portrait and engraved 
 title-page, dated 1627. 
 
 Added to the main work is New Atlantis A 
 Worke unfinished, with separate pagination. 
 
 A fifth edition of Silva Silvarum appeared in 
 1639. In 1659 New Atlantis was issued as a 
 
 34 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 supplement to Bushell's abridgment of Bacon's 
 Philosophical Theory. 
 
 Francis Godwin, Bishop of Hereford 
 (1562-1633) 
 Although written about 1602, Bishop Godwin's 
 Man in the Moone was not published until after 
 his death. It is thought that Bishop Wilkins 
 borrowed from it for. his Discovery of a New 
 World in the Moon, published the same year as 
 Godwin's work, and that Cyrano de Bergerac is 
 indebted to it for portions of his Voyage dans la 
 Lune (1650), a French translation having ap- 
 peared in 1648. Although Swift is supposed to 
 have derived some ideas for Gulliver's Travels 
 from De Bergerac, it seems quite possible that he 
 took them directly from Godwin. In his Intro- 
 duction to the Literature of Europe, Hallam wrote : 
 "Godwin himself had no prototype so far as I 
 know except Lucian. He resembles those writers 
 in the natural and veracious tone of his lies ... 
 He declares positively for the Copernican system, 
 which was uncommon at that time, and he under- 
 stood surprisingly the principle of gravitation. 
 His book was the only English romance of the 
 first part of the seventeenth century." 
 
 Anthony a Wood, in A thenae Oxonienses, de- 
 
 35 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 scribes Godwin as "a passing great lover of all 
 good literature," and says of his book that, when 
 "it was first heard of, it was considered to be as 
 vain as the opinion of Copernicus or the strange 
 discoveries of the Antipodes." 
 
 31 The Man In The Moone: Or A Discourse 
 Of A Voyage thither By Domingo Gon- 
 zales The Speedy Messenger. London, 
 Printed by John Norton . . . 1638. 
 First edition. Octavo. The frontispiece, repre- 
 senting a flying-machine, is repeated on p. 15. 
 Other editions appeared in 1657 and If68. 
 
 Richard Brathwaite (1588 7-1673) 
 
 Among the numerous works in verse and prose 
 of Richard Brathwaite are a few tales which 
 entitle him to a place in the history of the novel. 
 Besides the work exhibited, The Arcadian Prin- 
 cess, an "allegorical discourse" from the Italian, 
 The Penitent Pilgrim and Panthalia may be men- 
 tioned. 
 
 32 The Two Lancashire Lovers : Or The Ex- 
 cellent History Of Philocles And Do- 
 riclea. Expressing The Faithfull con- 
 stancy AND MUTUALL FIDELITY OF TWO LOYALL 
 
 Lovers ... By Musaeus Palatinus . . . 
 36 
 
the seventeenth century 
 
 London, Printed by Edward Griffin. For 
 
 R. B. or his Assignes. 1640. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Engraved title-page. 
 
 Although The Excellent History of Fhilocles 
 and Doriclea is mentioned on the title-page of 
 Brathwaite s Ar't asleepe Husband?, also pub- 
 lished in 164.0, the story -did not appear in that 
 book, probably for lack of space. A plate repre- 
 senting two lovers 'kneeling before an altar is 
 sometimes bound in this work, either as a frontis- 
 piece, or at p. 246. The same plate sometimes 
 appears bound in Ar't asleepe Husband ? 
 
 „ : Samuel Gott (b. 1613) 
 
 Although we cannot exhibit an early edition of 
 Nova tiolyma, a modern translation is shown, as 
 it forms a link in the history of English allegory 
 and should not be overlooked. The translator at- 
 tributed the authorship to Milton, but the author 
 was recently discovered, through an entry in an 
 old publisher's list, to be Samuel Gott. (See arti- 
 cle by S. K. Jones, in The Library, July, 1910.) 
 
 33 Novae Solymae Libri Sex. Londoni, Typis 
 Joannis Legati. MDCXLVIII. [Walter 
 Begley's Translation, 1902.] 
 Octavo. Two volumes. 
 
 First published in Latin in 1648. A second 
 edition appeared in 1649. 
 
 37 ; 
 
the seventeenth century 
 
 Roger Boyle, First Earl of Orrery 
 (1621-1679) 
 
 In Roger Boyle's long and wearying Parthenissa, 
 with its classic setting and lack of human interest, 
 is found the typical heroic romance, a direct imi- 
 tation of the French school so popular in England 
 during the latter half of the seventeenth century. 
 These romances reached their full stature in 
 France with the works of Gomberville and de 
 Scudery, were fostered in the Hotel de Ram- 
 bouillet, and translated and imitated by the fre- 
 quenters of the salons of Mrs. Katherine Philips 
 (the "Matchless Orinda") and the beautiful but 
 pedantic Duchess of Newcastle. They took vari- 
 ous forms, historical, Utopian, political and alle- 
 gorical, other notable English examples being 
 Nathaniel Ingelo's Bentivolio and Urania ; 1660, 
 George Mackenzie's Aretina, 1661, and John 
 Crowne's Pandion and Amphigenia, 1665. 
 
 34 Parthenissa, That most Fam'd Romance. 
 The Six Volumes Compleat. Composed By 
 the Right Honourable The Earl of 
 Orrery. London, Printed by T. N. for 
 Henry Herringman . . . MDCLXXVI. 
 First complete edition. Folio. In one volume, 
 paged continuously. • 
 
 38 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 The work first appeared in six volumes, in 
 1654-69. 
 
 35 Clelia. An Excellent New Romance Dedi- 
 cated To Mademoiselle de Longueville. 
 Written in French by the Exquisite Pen 
 of Monsieur de Scudery . . . London, 
 Printed for Humphrey Moseley and 
 Thomas Dring . . . i655[-i66i]. 
 First English edition. Folio. Five volumes. 
 Allegorical map. 
 
 This, work by Madeleine de. Scudery, though 
 published under her brother's name, is , shown as 
 an example of the numerous French heroic ro- 
 mances which had great vogue in England in the 
 seventeenth century. It appeared, in France, in 
 ten volumes, in 1654— 1661. The map, known 
 as the "carte de Tendre," for which the author 
 has been much ridiculed, shows the Lake of In- 
 difference, the Sea of Enmity, and the cities of- 
 New Friendship, Tenderness, Forgeffulness, etc. 
 
 Aphra Behn (1640-1689) 
 
 Of Mrs. Behn's best known novel, Oroonoko, 
 Sir Walter Raleigh writes: "In this novel Mrs. 
 Behn is one of the early precursors of the roman- 
 tic revival, and finds her logical place in that 
 
 39 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 movement. But her bold conduct of a simple 
 story and her popularity with her contemporaries 
 entitle her also to claim a share in the attempt, 
 faint and ineffective, that the later seventeenth 
 century witnessed/ to bring romance into closer 
 relation with contemporary life." Professor 
 Cross calls Oroonoko "the first humanitarian 
 novel in England," as its purpose was to awaken 
 Christendom to the horrors of slavery. Mrs. 
 Behn is said to have led an adventurous life, but 
 see on this point Mrs. Behn's Biography a Fic- 
 tion, by Dr. Ernest Bernbaum (1913). She 
 was the first woman writer to live by her pen in 
 England, and wrote popular plays as well as 
 novels. Among the latter are The Fair Jilt, The 
 Nun, Agnes de Castro and The Court of the 
 King of Bantam. 
 
 36 Oroonoko ; Or, The Royal Slave. A True 
 History. By Mrs. A. Behn. London, 
 Printed for Will Canning . . . 1688. 
 First edition. Sextodecimo. 
 
 A collection of Mrs. Behn's novels with the 
 title, The Histories and Novels of the Late In- 
 genious Mrs. Behn, appeared in 1696 and went 
 through many editions. A new edition of her 
 works was published in 1915. 
 
 40 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 William CongReve (1670-1729) 
 
 In the one novel with which the future drama- 
 tist, William Congreve, then unknown to fame, 
 began his literary career, he followed Aphra Behn 
 in the attempt to break away from the heroic 
 romance. He claimed that his was the first novel 
 to observe dramatic laws, and in his preface 
 likened the 'difference between the romance and 
 the novel to that between 'comedy and tragedy in 
 the drama. 
 
 Incognita; Or, Love And Duty Recon- 
 ciled, A Novel.' Licens'd Decemb. 22, 1691. 
 London, Printed for Peter Puck . . . 1692. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. 
 Other editions appeared in IJOO and 1713. 
 
 Mary de la Riviere Manley (1663-1724) 
 
 As a follower and imitator of Aphra Behn, Mrs. 
 1 Manley may properly be classed with the writers 
 of the seventeenth century, although her work ap- 
 peared in the eighteenth. Her chief notoriety 
 was gained from chronicles of scandal, court in- 
 trigues, etc., of which The New Atalantis is the 
 best known. She also wrote The Power of Love: 
 in Seven Novels. 
 
 41 
 
the seventeenth century 
 
 38 Secret Memoirs and Manners Of Several 
 Persons of Quality Of Both Sexes. From 
 the New Atalantis, An Island in the 
 Mediterranean . . . Written Originally 
 in Italian. The Seventh Edition. Lon- 
 don: Printed by J. Watson . . . M.DCC- 
 XXXVI. 
 
 "Seventh edition." Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 First published in 1 jog,. and commonly known 
 as The New Atalantis. 
 
 42 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 John Bunyan (i 628-1 688) and 
 the Allegory 
 
 "To John Bunyan the English novel owes a very 
 great debt. What fiction needed, if it was ever 
 to come near a portrayal t)f real life, was first of 
 all to rid itself of the extravagances of the ro- 
 mancer and the cynicism of the picaresque story- 
 teller.. Though Bunyan was despised by his con- 
 temporary, men of letters, it surely could be but a 
 little time before the precision of his imagination 
 and the force' and charm of his simple and idio- 
 matic English would be felt and then imitated. 
 As no writer, preceding him, Bunyan knew the 
 artistic effect of minute detail in giving reason- 
 ableness to an impossible story. In The Pil- 
 grim's Progress he so mingled with those 
 imaginative scenes of his own the familiar Scrip- 
 ture imagery and the still more familiar incidents 
 of English village life, that the illusion of reality 
 must have been to the readers for whom. he wrote 
 well-nigh perfect. The allegories of Barclay and 
 Scuderi could not be understood without keys; 
 Bunyan's Palace Beautiful needed none." Cross. 
 
 43 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 Bunyan made another valuable contribution to 
 the development of fiction in The Life and Death 
 of Mr. Badman, with its remarkable description 
 \ of character. 
 
 39 The Pilgrims Progress From This World, 
 To That which is to come : Delivered un- 
 der the Similitude of a Dream . : . By 
 John Bunyan . . . London, Printed for 
 Nath. Ponder . . . 1678. 
 First edition. Octavo. A frontispiece, by Robert 
 White, representing the author asleep over a 
 lion's den, appears in one copy of this edition. It 
 is found in a different state in the third and many 
 succeeding editions. 
 
 Only four or five perfect copies of this first edi- 
 tion exist. Eleven editions appeared in ten years. 
 In 1684 the genuine second part of The Pil- 
 grim's Progress was published, a spurious con- 
 tinuation having appeared in 1683. 
 
 Joseph Addison (1672-1719) 
 Sir Richard Steele (1672-1729) 
 
 "It is no straining of language to speak of The 
 Tatler ( 1 709-1 711) and Spectator (1711- 
 1712) of Steele and Addison as brilliant examples 
 of prose fiction. Here, for the first time, are the 
 
 44 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 methods and subjects of the modern novel; all 
 that is wanting is a greater unity and continuity 
 of scheme to make of the Coverley Papers in the 
 Spectator a serial novel of a very high order. 
 Such continuity as there is in the grouping of 
 incidents round the' same characters is due to 
 the idea of a Club, consisting of friends of the 
 author, who assist him in editing the paper, and 
 whose humours and adventures he records." 
 Raleigh. 
 
 The character sketch, as well as two other 
 forms (the biographical and epistolary) contrib- 
 uting to the novel, had been popular long before 
 it reached a particular development in the Gover- 
 ley Papers, but its treatment by Steele and Addi- 
 son was Original. 
 
 40 Numb. I. [-555] The Spectator [Quota- 
 tion from Horace] To be continued every 
 Day. Thursday, March i, 1711 [-Decem- 
 ber 6, 171a]. [At end] London: Printed 
 for Sam. Buckley ... 
 
 First edition. Folio. Nos. 1-555- 
 
 The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers belong to 
 this first series of the Spectator, the character of 
 the knight being briefly sketched by Steele in the 
 second number. The periodical was revived on 
 June 18, 1714, and eighty additional numbers 
 
 45 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 were issued'; the 'last was numbered 636, though 
 it was actually 635, as No. 60J was omitted. 
 
 Daniel Defoe (i6s9?-i73i) 
 
 •Robinson Crusoe was published in the sixtieth 
 year of its author, who- up to that time had been 
 known chiefly as a voluminous writer of tracts 
 and journalistic contributions. In his recent work 
 on Defoe, Professor William P. Trent writes of 
 Robinson Crusoe: "That it was' the most lifelike 
 and interesting story of adventure, indeed the 
 most readable fictitious prose narrative that had 
 been written in English, was at once perceived 
 by the public, as is shown by the number of re- 
 printings speedily necessitated and by the abridg- 
 ments soon issued. That it was a world story, 
 not a merely national or racial one, was proved 
 by the fact" that the first part was in 1720 trans- 
 lated into Dutch, French and German, and that 
 soon all three parts were read in- those tongues. 
 Within twenty-five years, there were Italian and 
 Danish versions, and "since that time, the book, in 
 whole or in part, has been translated, not Only 
 into the chief European languages, but into Latin 
 and ancient Greek and Hebrew, as well as into 
 Arabic, Persian and other tongues. Adaptations, 
 abridgments and imitations have been very numer- 
 
 46 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 oiis; artists and publishers have vied with one an- 
 other in producing beautiful editions; children of 
 all ages and countries have been brought up on 
 the wonderful story. . . . [Defoe] is the real 
 father of the English novel in the sense that he 
 was the first Englishman to write a truly read- 
 able, widely circulated, and permanently valuable 
 prose story dealing with secular human life." 
 
 Defoe's other important contributions to fic- 
 tion, all produced between his sixtieth and sixty- 
 fifth year, and dealing for the most part with 
 adventure or picaresque romance, are Memoirs of 
 a Cavalier, Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, 
 The History . . . of the Truly Honorable Colo- 
 nel Jacque, The Fortunate Mistress (known as 
 Roxana), and A New Voyage found the World. 
 
 41 The Life And Strange Surprizing Adven- 
 tures Of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, 
 Mariner . . . Written by Himself. Lon- 
 don : Printed for W. Taylor . . . MDCC- 
 XIX. 
 
 First edition, with that issue of. the preface in 
 which the text of the first page ends with the 
 word "men," followed by the catchword, "al- 
 ways." Octavo. Frontispiece. 
 
 The preface was reprinted with slight vari- 
 ations; the text was not reprinted, but some cor- 
 
 47 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 rections were made as the sheets went through the 
 press, notably on p. 343, where "pilot" was first 
 printed "pilate" (as in the copy exhibited). 
 When this mistake was corrected some of the let- 
 ters . of lines 9— 13 were misplaced in unlocking 
 the form. The text, corrected and uncorrected, 
 appears with either issue of the preface. 
 
 It was published on April 25, and reached a 
 fourth edition by August 8. 
 41a The Farther Adventures Of Robinson 
 Crusoe . . . London : Printed for W. Tay- 
 lor Mdccxix. 
 
 First edition, with the page numbers in uniform 
 type, and the verso of \_A4\ blank. Octavo. 
 Folded map. 
 
 A second edition, reprinted throughout except 
 the title-page, with page numbers in different sizes 
 of type, advertisement on the verso of [A 4], and 
 small alterations, appeared the same year. 
 
 Published in August, at about the same time as 
 the fourth edition of Part One, in which the map 
 was also used. 
 
 41b Serious Reflections During The Life And 
 Surprising Adventures Of Robinson Cru- 
 soe . . . London: Printed for W. Taylor 
 . . . 1720. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Folded plate of Crusoe's 
 Island. 
 
 48 
 
dawn of the modern n0ve1 
 
 42 The Life, Adventures, And Pyracies, Of 
 " the Famous Captain Singleton . . . 
 
 London : Printed for J. Brotherton . . . 
 1720. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. 
 
 Other editions appeared in 1737, 1754 and 
 1768. 
 
 43 The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the 
 Famous Moll Flanders, . . . London: 
 Printed for, and Sold by W. Chetwood 
 . . . MDDCXXI. [1721]. 
 
 First edition, first issue, with misprint in date, 
 and the blank leaf, A 8. Octavo. 
 
 The third edition appeared before the end of 
 the next year. 
 
 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) 
 
 Gulliver's Travels, described by Edmund Gosse 
 as "that sinister and incomparable masterpiece in 
 which misanthropy reaches the pitch of a cardinal 
 virtue," appeared anonymously in 1726, and 
 whatever Swift's indebtedness to Lucian, Cyrano 
 de Bergerac, Francis Godwin, Defoe, and others 
 may have been, it is certain that his work was an 
 immediate success. "The whole impression sold 
 in a week," wrote Gay ; "from the highest to the 
 lowest it is universally read, from the cabinet 
 
 49 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 council to the nursery"; and Lady Mary Mon- 
 tagu says : "Here is a book come out that all our 
 people of taste run mad about," while Arbuthnot 
 prophesied for the work "'as great a run as John 
 Bunyan." 
 
 "The strength of Swift's work as a contribu- 
 tion to the art of fiction lies in the portentous 
 gravity and absolute mathematical consistency 
 wherewith he develops the consequences of his 
 modest assumptions . . . But the design of the 
 book forbids its classification among works of 
 pure fiction; it is enough to remark that in 
 Gulliver realism achieves one of the greatest of 
 its triumphs before its ultimate conquest of the 
 novel." Raleigh. 
 
 44 Travels Into Several Remote Nations Of 
 The World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel 
 Gulliver . . . London, Printed for Benj. 
 Motte . . . MDCCXXVI. 
 First edition, with inscription of portrait below, 
 instead of around, the oval, without the words 
 "Vol. II" on title-page of the second volume, 
 and with separate series of signature-marks and 
 pagination for each part. Octavo. Two volumes. 
 Some copies are printed on large paper. 
 
 The book was published on October 28, 1726, 
 and before the end of the year several other edi- 
 
 50 
 
DAWN OF THE MODERN NOVEL 
 
 tions had appeared. The so-called second edition 
 bears the date 1727, in which year it was trans- 
 lated into both French and Dutch. 
 
 Robert Paltock (1697-1767) 
 
 The fame of Robert Paltock, of whose life little 
 is known, rests on one original romance, Peter 
 Wilkins, which is modeled on Defoe and Swift, 
 and which tells of a world of flying men and 
 women. The book was a favorite with Cole- 
 ridge, Southey, Scott, Lamb and Leigh Hunt. 
 
 45 The Life and Adventures, Of Peter 
 Wilkins, a Cornish Man: Relating par- 
 ticularly, His Shipwreck, near the South 
 Pole ... By R. S. a Passenger in the 
 Hector . . . London : Printed for J. Rob- 
 inson . . . M.DCC.LI. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Six 
 plates by Boitard. Plates by Stothard, from the 
 1816 edition, bound in. 
 
 Some copies are said to be dated 1750. A 
 Dublin edition appeared directly after the London 
 one, others in 1783 and 1784, and several in the 
 next century. A reprint of the original edition 
 was published in 1884, with a preface by A. H. 
 Bullen. It was translated into French. in 1763, 
 and into German in 1767. 
 
 51 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 v Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) 
 
 The four great novelists of the eighteenth century 
 — Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne — 
 have been characterized by Professor Saintsbury 
 as the "Four wheels of the novel wain." 
 
 Early in the century interest in the theater de- 
 clined, though the reading of the older dramatists 
 remained a favorite pursuit. It fell to Samuel 
 Richardson, a prim and conscientious bookseller, 
 from his youth an inveterate story-teller, to dis- 
 cover that a story without the framework neces- 
 sary for the drama was easier to read than a 
 play, and to give to the world, in Pamela, "the 
 first notable English novel of sentimental analy- 
 sis," heralding "the advent of everyday manners 
 and common people to artistic acceptance." The 
 book, which, like its successors, Clarissa and Sir 
 Charles Grandison, is characterized by high 
 moral purpose and minuteness of observation, met 
 with immediate and unparalleled success. It 
 was fashionable for great ladies to carry it about 
 in their pockets, it was recommended from the 
 pulpit, and by one writer was placed next to the 
 
 52 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Bible. - Of Clarissa, the author's masterpiece, Dr. 
 Johnson said that it was "the first book in the 
 world for the knowledge it displayed of the 
 human heart." 
 
 Richardson's three voluminous novels are 
 written for the most part in the form of letters. 
 They were widely translated, and had countless 
 imitators in France and Germany, while the effect 
 of his work on Rousseau and French emotion- 
 alism was very great. 
 
 46 Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded. In a Series 
 of Familiar Letters From A Beautiful 
 Young Damsel, To her Parents. Now 
 first Published In order to cultivate the 
 Principles of Virtue and Religion in the 
 Minds of the Youth of Both Sexes . . . 
 London: Printed for C. Rivington . . . 
 MDCCXLI [-XLII]. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 
 This edition appeared in January, and is said 
 to have been followed by a second in February, a 
 third in March, and a fourth in May. It was at 
 once translated into French, and was dramatized 
 by Voltaire. 
 
 47 Clarissa. Or, The History Of A Young 
 Lady . . . Published by the Editor of 
 
 53 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Pamela. . . . London: Printed for S. 
 Richardson . . . M.DCC.XLVIII. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Seven volumes: 
 Autograph leiterj from Richardson to Edward 
 Young, inserted. 
 
 A fourth edition in eight volumes appeared' in 
 1751, and was followed by numerous others/ 
 Within a few years of its publication, translations 
 appeared in French, German, Italian and Dutch. 
 
 Henry Fielding (i 707-1 754) 
 
 "With the publication of Clarissa Harlowe and 
 Tom Jones the novel has found its art and fit 
 subject matter. . . . The novel as Richardson 
 left it was a sober dissection of the heart. With 
 Fielding: it was perhaps a no less serious effort, 
 though its purpose was clouded by extravagant 
 wit and humour. Richardson was reaching the 
 inner life through sentimentalism ; Fielding) 
 through our vices and follies." Cross, 
 
 Fielding began his first novel, Joseph Andrews, 
 "written in imitation of the manner of Cer- 
 vantes," as a parody of Richardson's Pamela, but 
 soon forgot his purpose in an entirely new style 
 of writing, which he felt obliged to defend when 
 he came to write the preface of the book. It was 
 followed by Jonathan Wild (1743), Tom Jones 
 
 54 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 ( I 749)» and Amelia (1751). Of Tom Jones, 
 on account of which the title of "Father of the 
 English Novel" has been claimed for its author, 
 Sir Walter Raleigh writes: "Common life is the 
 material of the story, but it is handled here for 
 the first time with the freedom and imagination 
 of a great artist." Its sale was enormous, and 
 Millar, the publisher, gave Fielding one hundred 
 pounds more than the amount agreed upon, on 
 account of its success. 
 
 48 The History Of The Adventures Of 
 Joseph Andrews, And of his Friend Mr. 
 Abraham Adams. Written in Imitation of 
 The Manner of Cervantes, Author of 
 Don Quixote . . . London: Printed for 
 A. Millar . . . M.DCCXLII. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 The third edition appeared the next year. 
 
 49 The History Of Tom Jones, A Foundling 
 . . . By Henry Fielding, Esq; . . . 
 London: Printed for A. Millar . . . 
 MDCCXLIX. 
 
 First edition, with list of errata, p. [lxiii\, verso 
 blank. Duodecimo. Six volumes. 
 
 The second edition, without list of errata, was 
 issued the same year, and the third in 17SO, It 
 
 55 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 was translated into French, German, Spanish, 
 Dutch, Russian and Swedish, and was dramatized 
 at home and abroad. 
 
 Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771) 
 
 To Smollett, whose work is characterized by 
 broad comedy and exaggerated caricature, to- 
 gether with a revival of the picaresque, the 
 English novel owes, among other types, the 
 British sailor, found in the author's Adventures 
 of Roderick Random, the first realistic novel of 
 the sea. Between Roderick Random, which is 
 written in imitation of Gil Bias, and his last and 
 best novel, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, 
 called by Thackeray "the most laughable story 
 that has ever been written since the goodly 
 art of novel-writing began," Smollett published 
 The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751), 
 The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom 
 ( I 753)> an d The Adventures of Sir Launcelot 
 Greaves (1762), the last a direct imitation of 
 Don Quixote. 
 
 50 The Adventures Of Roderick Random 
 . . . London: Printed for J. Osborn 
 . . . MDCCXLVIII. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 56 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 A third edition appeared in 1750, a seventh in 
 1766, and several others before the end of the 
 century. 
 
 51 The Expedition Of Humphry Clinker. By 
 the Author of Roderick Random . . . 
 London, Printed for W. Johnston . . . 
 MDCLXXI. [1771]. 
 
 First edition, the first volume being one of the 
 copies to contain the error in date (1671 instead 
 of 1771 s ). Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 A second edition appeared the following year, 
 another in 1774, and an Edinburgh edition in 
 1788. 
 
 Laurence Sterne (1 713-1768) 
 
 "He is riot a fifth wheel to the coach by any 
 means: he is the fourth and almost the necessary 
 one. . . . Certainly never was there a style 
 which more fully justified the definition given by 
 Buffon, in Sterne's own time, of style as the 
 very*, man. Falsetto, 'faking', vamping, shoddy- 
 all manner of terms may be heaped upon it. 
 . . . Only, once more, if it did not exist we 
 should be ignorant of more than one of the most 
 remarkable possibilities of the English language. 
 
 57 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Thus, in almost exactly the course of a technical 
 generation — from the appearance of Pamela in 
 1740 to that of Humphry Clinker in 1771 — the 
 wain of the novel was solidly built, furnished 
 with four main wheels to move it, and set a-going 
 to travel through the centuries." Saintsbury. 
 
 52 The Life and Opinions of Tristram 
 Shandy, Gentleman . . . Vol. I [-IX]. 
 1760 [-1767]. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Nine volumes. 
 Frontispiece by Ravenet, after Hogarth, in Vol. 
 HI. 
 
 Though it has been stated that the first two 
 volumes appeared in York in 1759, no volumes 
 with that date have been discovered. The second 
 edition of Vol. I appeared in 1760, with a plate 
 by Ravenet, after Hogarth; Vol. Ill of the first 
 edition, with the Hogarth frontispiece, was issued 
 in 1761, and is the first to bear an imprint on the 
 title-page (London, DodsleyY. Volumes V- 
 IX, 1762-1767, were issued by Becket and 
 Dehondt. 
 
 In all copies, Vols. V, VII and IX of the orig- 
 inal edition contain Sterne's autograph. 
 
 53 A Sentimental Journey through France 
 And Italy. By Mr. Yorick . . . London : 
 
 58 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Printed for T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt 
 . . . MDCCLXVIII. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Large 
 paper copy, with inserted leaf of advertisement. 
 Other editions appeared in 1770, 1778, 1782, 
 and 1792 {with plates after Stothard). In 1885 
 a facsimile reprint of the first edition was issued 
 by The De Vinne Press. 
 
 Sarah Fielding (1710-1768) 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that the title-page of 
 Miss Fielding's first novel, David Simple, an "ex- 
 altation of friendship," stated the work to be "by 
 a lady," it was attributed to Henry Fielding, who 
 denied its authorship in the preface which he 
 wrote for the second edition. 
 
 With something of her brother's humor, but 
 with little knowledge of the world to give reality 
 to her presentation of picaresque romance, Miss 
 Fielding was rather a follower of Richardson, 
 who, delighted with the implied flattery, paid her 
 high compliments upon her knowledge of the 
 human heart. 
 
 54 The Adventures Of DAvid Simple. . . . 
 In the Search of A Real Friend. By a 
 
 59 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Lady . . . London: Printed for A. 
 
 Millar . . . M.DCCXLiy. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 The second edition appeared the same year, 
 and a supplement, in 1752. 
 
 Eliza Haywood ( 1693 ?-i 756) 
 
 Mrs. Haywood, author in 1725 of Memoirs of 
 a Certain Island adjacent to Utopia, is often _, 
 classed with Mrs. Manley as an imitator of Mrs. 
 Aphra Behn. Her best novels, however, written 
 twenty-five years after her early ones, "when the 
 art of the novelist had been new-created by Rich- 
 ardson, Fielding and Smollett," are The History 
 of Miss Betsy Thoughtless and The History of 
 Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy. 
 
 55 The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless 
 . . . Dublin. Printed for Oliver Nelson 
 . . . MDCCLI. 
 Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 
 A London edition appeared the same year. 
 
 Francis Coventry (d. 1759?) 
 
 In Pompey the Little, a favorite with Lady Mary 
 Montagu, Coventry furnished one of the earliest 
 
 60 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 examples of that type of satirical novel in which 
 abuse is hurled at real persons through the 
 medium of animals or inanimate objects. The 
 characters of Pompey were intended to portray 
 well known ladies of the time. 
 
 56 The History Of Pompey the Little: Or, 
 The Life and Adventures Of A Lap-Dog 
 . . . London: Printed for M. Cooper 
 . . . MDCGLI. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Frontispiece by 
 Boitard. 
 
 Charles Johnstone (i7ig?-i8oo?) 
 
 Johnstone's Chrysal, or the Adventures of a 
 Guinea, is one of the cleverest as well as the 
 fiercest and most scurrilous of the novels of the 
 type of Pompey the Little. It shows the in- 
 fluence of Smollett. 
 
 57 Chrysal; Or The Adventures Of A 
 Guinea: By An Adept ... A New Edi- 
 tion . . . Embellished With Plates 
 . . . London: Printed For Hector 
 M'Lean . . . 1821. 
 
 Octavo. Three volumes. Colored aquatints 
 by Mdddock and W. Read, after J. and E. F. 
 Burney, and others. 
 
 61 
 
V 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 The first edition appeared in 1760-176$ and 
 was often reprinted. N 
 
 Charlotte Lennox (1 720-1 804) 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte Lennox's Female Quixote is a be- 
 lated satire on the sentimentalism of the heroic 
 romance. Her novels and plays were ex- 
 travagantly admired by, Dr. Johnson, who, at a 
 supper given in her honor at his Club, presented 
 her with bay-leaves decking a huge apple pie, and 
 crowned her head with laurel. 
 
 58 The Female Quixote; Qr, The Adven- 
 tures Of Arabella . . . London : Printed 
 for A. Millar . . . M.DCC.LII. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 Frances Sheridan (1724-1766) 
 
 The Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph, by the 
 mother of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, is. a mel- 
 ancholy novel of some power, written in the 
 manner of Richardson, to whom it is dedicated. 
 Dr. Johnson's comment upon it, addressed to the 
 author, was : "I know not, madam, whether you 
 have a right, upon moral principles, to make your 
 readers suffer so much." 
 
 62 
 
eighteenth century realists 
 
 59 Memoirs Of Miss Sidney Bidulph, Ex- 
 tracted from Her Own Journal . . . 
 Dublin : Printed by and for G. Faulkner. 
 MDCCLXI. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) 
 
 Appearing at a time when the great lexicographer 
 was at the height of his intellectual power, al- 
 though written in the evenings of one week (it 
 has been said, to pay the funeral expenses of his 
 mother) , Rasselas at once contains some of John- 
 son's best writing, and is his one contribution to 
 the realm of the novel. The question has been 
 raised as to whether the gloomy and powerful 
 work may be regarded as a novel at all, but its 
 importance in this connection lies in the fact that 
 the hold of fiction upon the popular mind had be- 
 come so great, that, when he wished to teach a 
 moral lesson, Johnson chose the novel as his 
 medium of expression. 
 
 60 The Prince of Abissinia. A Tale . . . 
 London: Printed for R. and J. Dodsley 
 . . . MDCCLIX. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Two volumes. With 
 presentation inscription to Gabriel Piozzi from 
 
 63 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 Johnson's friend, Mrs. Hester Lynch Thrale, 
 afterwards Mrs. Piozzi. 
 
 The second edition was published the same 
 year, and it reached a fifth in 1775- A fac- 
 simile of the first edition appeared in 1884. 
 
 The words "The History of Rasselas," by 
 which title the book is better known, did not ap- 
 pear upon the title-page until after Johnsons 
 death. 
 
 Oliver Goldsmith (1 728-1 774) 
 
 "Whether the book [Vicar of Wakefield] is still 
 much read it would be hard to say; for when a 
 work has, so to speak, entered into the blood of 
 a literature, it is often more recollected and trans- 
 mitted by oral tradition than actually studied. 
 But in spite of the inconsistencies of the plot, 
 and the incoherencies of the story, it remains, 
 and will continue to be, one of the first of our 
 English classics. Its sweet humanity, its sim- 
 plicity, its wisdom and its common-sense, its 
 happy mingling of character and Christianity, 
 will keep it sweet long after more ambitious and, 
 in many respects, abler works have found their 
 level with the great democracy of the forgotten." 
 Life of Oliver Goldsmith, by Austin Dobson. 
 
 64 
 
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY REALISTS 
 
 6t The Vicar Of Wakefield: A Tale. Sup- 
 posed TO BE WRITTEN BY HlMSELF . . . 
 
 Salisbury: Printed by B. Collins, For F. 
 
 Newbury . . . MDCCLXVI. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 This first edition appeared on March 12, and 
 was followed by a second in May and a third in 
 August, as well as by unauthorized reprints 
 published in London and Dublin. In his bibli- 
 ography J. P. Anderson mentions ninety-six sepa- 
 rate editions before 1890. It has been translated 
 into almost every European, language. 
 
 65 
 
THE NOVEL OF PURPOSE 
 Henry Brooke (i703?-i783) 
 
 The impulse to teach or arouse through fiction may 
 be felt, in English literature, as early as More's 
 Utopia. ' In France it was strongly manifested in 
 the works of the Encyclopaedists, Rousseau and 
 Cohdorcet, who were followed and imitated dur- 
 ing the latter part of the eighteenth century by 
 an English school of writers, which may be di- 
 vided broadly into two classes, the pedagogic and 
 the revolutionary. The former class began with 
 Henry Brooke's Fool of Quality, which, though 
 poorly constructed, contains noble thoughts on the 
 training of a Christian gentleman. 
 
 62 The Fool Of Quality; Or, The History 
 Of Henry Earl of Moreland ... By 
 Mr. Brooke. London: Printed for W. 
 Johnston . . . MDCCLXVI [-LXX]. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Five volumes. 
 
 John Wesley brought out an abridged edition 
 in 1780, and it was republished in 1859 by 
 Charles Kingsley, who considered that "readers 
 could learn from it more of that which is pure, 
 
 66 
 
THE NOVEL OF PURPOSE 
 
 sacred and eternal, than from any book published 
 since Spenser's Faerie Queene." 
 
 Thomas Day (1748-1789) and the 
 Pedagogic Novel 
 
 The pedagogic novel was interestingly developed 
 by Thomas Day in Sandford and Merton, a work 
 intended for the education of parents in the train- 
 ing of children as well as for the amusement and 
 instruction of the children themselves. Day was 
 one of the first to cry out against the fashionable 
 delicacy of the heroine of fiction, and to demand 
 for her a more robust life and education. 
 
 63 The History Of Sandford And Merton, A 
 Work Intended for the Use of Children 
 . . . London: Printed for J. Stockdale 
 . . . MDCCLXXXIII [-IX]. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 Frontispieces in Vols. II and III. 
 
 Robert Bage (1728-1801) and the 
 Revolutionary Novel 
 
 Robert Bage exemplifies the Revolutionary School 
 of novelists (for- the most part of minor im- 
 portance), who, influenced by the principles of 
 
 67 
 
THE NOVEL OF PURPOSE 
 
 the French Revolutionists, echoed the thought 
 and radical opinions of the times. Scott re- 
 printed three of Bage's novels in the Novelists' 
 Library. 
 
 In addition to Bage and the Godwins, ex- 
 amples of whose works are exhibited, Thomas 
 Holcroft, Mrs. Elizabeth Inchbald, Mrs. 
 Amelia Opie and Mrs. Charlotte Smith may be 
 mentioned as typifying this school. 
 
 64 Hermsprong; Or, Man As He Is Not. A 
 Novel . . . London: Printed For William 
 Lane . . . M.DCC.XCVI. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin 
 (1759-1797) 
 
 In Mary, based on wrongs sustained by her 
 sister, we find Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin ex- 
 pressing the same theories which she put forth in 
 her Vindication of the Rights of Women. It is, 
 in a way, our first feminist novel, having a direct 
 bearing upon questions which have become prom- 
 inent in modern fiction. 
 
 65 Mary, A Fiction . . . London: Printed 
 For J. Johnson . . . MDCCLXXXVIII. 
 First edition. Small octavo. 
 
 68 
 
the novel of purpose 
 
 William Godwin (i 756-1836) 
 
 Perhaps the best novels of the Revolutionary 
 School are William Godwin's Caleb Williams 
 and St. Leon, which are Gothic romances as well, 
 the former being our first detective story, and the 
 latter dealing with Rosicrucian mysteries. That 
 they have interest is evidenced by the fact that 
 when Waverley appeared anonymously it was at- 
 tributed, to Godwin by his admirers. 
 
 66 Things As Thev Are ; Or, The Adven- 
 tures of Caleb Williams, By William 
 Godwin . . . London: Printed' For B. 
 Crosby . . . 1794. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 Other editions appeared in 1796, 1816 and 
 1846. 
 
 69 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 Horace Walpole (1717-1 797) and 
 Gothic Romance 
 
 In The Castle of Otranto, the novel with which 
 the eccentric master of Strawberry Hill founded 
 a new school of romance, an attempt was made to 
 blend the extravagance of the early romances 
 with the realism of the eighteenth century novels. 
 Contemporary characters and conversation are in- 
 troduced in a Gothic setting, and a free rein is, 
 given to the imagination, especially in the intro- 
 duction of the supernatural and the element of 
 unreasoning terror. The popularity . of this so- 
 called Gothic school of romance continued well 
 into the nineteenth century, when further Ger- 
 man elements were added to it. Its influence is 
 evidenced in America in much of the work of 
 Irving, Poe and Hawthorne. 
 
 67 The Castle of Otranto, a Story: trans- 
 lated by William Marshall, Gent., from 
 
 THE ORIGINAL ITALIAN OF ONUPHRIO Mu- 
 
 ralto, Canon of the Church of St. Nicho- 
 70 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 LAS AT OTRANTO . . . LONDON : PRINTED 
 
 for Tho. Lowndes . . . MDCCLXV. 
 First edition. Octavo'. 
 
 A second edition, in which the pretense of an 
 early original was dropped, appeared the same 
 year. 
 
 Clara Reeve (i 729-1 807) 
 
 Shocked by what she considered Walpole's 
 failure to achieve his end in The Castle of 
 Otranto, Miss Reeve attempted in The Champion 
 of Virtue to write a Gothic, story, at the same 
 time keeping within "the utmost verge of prob- 
 ability." "The novel," she declared in her cele- 
 brated definition, "is a picture of real life and 
 manners, and of the times in which it is written. 
 The romance, in lofty and elevated language, de- 
 scribes what never happened, nor what is likely to 
 happen." 
 
 68 The Champion of Virtue. A Gothic Story. 
 By the Editor of the Phoenix; A Transla- 
 tion of Barclay's Argenis . . . Printed 
 for the Author, By W. Keymer, Col- 
 chester . . . M.LCC.LXXVII [sic]. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Frontispiece. 
 
 71 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 Thirteen editions appeared between 1778 and 
 1886, all with the title, The Old English Baron. 
 
 William Beckford (i 759-1 844) and 
 Oriental Romance 
 
 In 1 704-1 717 new interest in Eastern wonders and 
 superstitions had been wakened by Aritoine Gal- 
 land's French translation of The Arabian Nights, 
 and humorous and satirical adaptations were at- 
 tempted by Anthony Hamilton and Voltaire. 
 They were imitated by the extravagant collector, 
 William Beckford, whose mansion, named Font- 
 hill Abbey, was built with mysterious windings 
 and furnished with oriental splendor. He wrote 
 Vathek, his Arabian Tale, in French, but prior to 
 its publication in Lausanne and Paris in 1787 it 
 was translated from the manuscript into English 
 by Samuel Henly, and issued in London without 
 the author's consent. 
 
 69 An Arabian Tale, From An Unpublished 
 Manuscript: With Notes Critical And 
 Explanatory. London: Printed for J. 
 Johnson . . . MDCCLXXXVI. 
 First edition of Vathek, which preceded the au- 
 thorized French edition. Octavo. Large paper 
 copy, from the collection of Mrs. Piozzi. 
 
 72 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 Rudolf Eric Raspe (1737-1794) 
 
 Raspe's name was not associated during his life- 
 time with the work by which he is chiefly re- 
 membered, and for which he seems to have drawn 
 on two sources, namely, the personal reminis- 
 cences of Baron Hieronymus von Munchausen, 
 an eccentric old German soldier, and his own 
 commonplace-book, which he had stored with 
 absurd exaggerations and farcically mendacious 
 tales of adventures gathered from his varied read- 
 ing. Originally a book of forty-nine pages, 
 Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous 
 Travels was later enlarged by fifteen chapters by 
 a clerk in the employ of Kearsley, the bookseller, 
 who had hought the manuscript and wished to in- 
 crease its popularity, which soon became world- 
 wide. It is said to have been translated into 
 more languages than any English book, with the 
 exception of The Pilgrims Progress, Robinson 
 Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. Of it Mr. 
 Thomas Seccombe has written: "The book's 
 permanent literary interest attaches exclusively to 
 Raspe's original chapter's, the spontaneity and 
 dry humour of which can hardly be surpassed. 
 Raspe worked in the spirit of Lucian and 
 Rabelais." 
 
 73 
 
the revival of romance 
 
 70 Baron Munchausen's Narrative Of His 
 Marvellous Travels And Campaigns In 
 Russia. Humbly Dedicated And Recom- 
 mended To Country Gentlemen . . . 
 Oxford: Printed for the Editor, . . . 
 MDCCLXXXVI. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. 
 
 "It has been said in the Dictionary of National 
 Biography that the 'first edition was published in 
 London at the end of t7&5 [rao copy is known\j 
 but we are informed that this is an error and that 
 the above edition, published in Oxford, December, 
 17S5, and predated 1786, is really the first: we 
 have so considered it. The first German edition, 
 translated by the poet Burger, appeared in 1787." 
 Henrietta C. Bartlett. 
 
 Four other editions appeared in 1786, and a 
 seventh, with a supplementary .chapter, in 1793. 
 
 Ann Radcliffe (1 764-1 823) 
 
 The Romantic School reached its highest de- 
 velopment before Scott in the works of Mrs. 
 Radcliffe, who, between 1789 and 1797, pub- 
 lished five Gothic romances — The Castles of 
 Athlin and Dunbayne, A Sicilian Romance, The 
 Romance of the Forest, The Mysteries of 
 Udolpho and The Italian. The last two novels 
 
 74 
 
' THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 were her "test. Both were speedily translated into 
 French and the latter was dramatized as The 
 Italian Monk. Mrs. Radcliffe's ability to sug- 
 gest without actually using the terror of the 
 supernatural, and her power of description", both 
 of scenery and events, give her a distinctive place 
 in the history of fiction, whether or not she pos- 
 sessed the positive genius attributed to her by 
 Scott. . 
 
 71 The Mysteries of Udolpho, A Romance 
 ... By Ann Radcliffe . . . London: 
 Printed for G. G. And J. Robinson . . . 
 1794- 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Four volumes. 
 A sixth edition appeared in 1806. 
 
 Matthew Gregory Lewis (1775-1818) 
 
 Inspired by the perusal of The Mysteries of 
 Udolpho, Lewis's Ambrosio, or The Monk was 
 written in ten weeks at The Hague, when the 
 author was twenty years old. He had been 
 deeply impressed and influenced by The Sorrows 
 of Werther, having metjGoethe at Weimar. His 
 work is filled with necromancy and magic, and is 
 boyish and vulgar, but was admired by a genera- 
 tion whb demanded the terror style in fiction. 
 
 75 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 72 Ambrosio, Or The Monk: A Romance. By 
 M. G. Lewis . . . The Fourth Edition, 
 With considerable Additions and Altera- 
 tions. London: Printed for J. Bell . . . 
 1798. 
 
 Fourth edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 The first edition appeared in iygg. 
 
 Regina Maria Roche (1764?-! 845) 
 
 Miss Roche won immense popularity throughthe 
 publication of the sentimental Children of ' the 
 Abbey, which almost rivaled Mrs. Radcliffe's 
 Mysteries of Udolpho in popular affection. She 
 produced several other novels of a similar nature, 
 which were eagerly read in their day, but which 
 seem to the modern reader vapid and absurd. 
 
 73 The Children Of The, Abbey, A Tale 
 ... By Regina Maria Roche . . . London : 
 Printed For William Lane . . . M.DCC. 
 XCVI. 
 
 First edition (?). Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 Frontispiece. 
 
 A later date— 1798— is assigned to Children 
 of the Abbey in the Dictionary of National 
 
 76 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 Biography and elsewhere. There were many 
 early editions. 
 
 Percy Bysshe Shelley (i 792-1 822) 
 
 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley 
 
 ( 1 797-1 851) 
 
 Although of a later date than the Gothic novels 
 already described, Mrs. Shelley's Frankenstein is 
 included in this division, as it is not only con- 
 ceded to be the best written novel that this school 
 produced, but is also one of the most horrible. 
 Shelley's own contributions to the novel, Zastrozzi 
 and St. Irvyne, also adopted the terror style, but, 
 have been characterized as two of the feeblest 
 books ever written by a man of the greatest 
 genius. 
 
 74 St. Irvyne; Or, The Rosicrucian; A Ro- 
 mance. By A. Gentleman Of The Uni-. 
 versity of Oxford. London: Printed for 
 J. J. Stockdale . . . 181 1. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. , 
 
 "There seems to have been a remainder of the 
 book unsold in 1822; for copies are frequently 
 found made up from the original sheets, with a 
 fresh title-page . . . with the date 1822." The 
 Shelley Library, by Buxton Forman. 
 
 77 
 
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE 
 
 75 Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prome- 
 theus . . . London: Printed For Lack^ 
 ington . . . 1818. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 Jane Porter (1776^1850) and Historical 
 Romance 
 
 Side by side with the Gothic romance, and closely 
 allied to it, flourished the historical romance, 
 which was revived by the appearance, in 1762, of 
 Longswordj a tale of chivalry attributed to the 
 Rev. Thomas Leland of Dublin. Not until 
 1783, however, did Sophia Lee begin the publi- 
 cation of her Recess, which marks the beginning 
 of a line of historical novels that continued until 
 they reached their perfection in Scott. Miss Por- 
 ter's Thaddeus of Warsaw and Scottish Chiefs are 
 some of the few prior to Waverley which have 
 survived, although there seems to be no truth in 
 her claim that Scott imitated her, whereas he did 
 acknowledge his debt to Mrs. Radcliffe, and to 
 the antiquary Joseph Strutt, whose Queenhoo- 
 Hall, left unfinished by the author, he completed 
 hastily in 1808. 
 
 76 The Scottish Chiefs, A Romance . . . 
 By Miss Jane Porter . . . London : Printed 
 
 78 
 
the revival of romance 
 
 for Longman, Hurst, Rees, And Orme 
 
 . . . 1810. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Five volumes. 
 
 The third edition appeared in i8t6, and was 
 dedicated to the poet Thomas Campbell, who 
 had sent the author a sketch of Wallace's life. 
 The work was translated into German and Rus- 
 sian, and was proscribed by Napoleon. 
 
 79 
 
THE NOVEL OF DOMESTIC SATIRE 
 
 Frances Burney, Madame d'Arblay 
 (1752-1840) 
 
 "She had very little inventive power; her best 
 novel, Evelina, has no plot worth speaking of. 
 She never wrote really well. . . . What, then, 
 was it in Evelina, and in part in Cecilia (with a 
 faint survival even into Camilla), which turned 
 the heads of such a town as Johnson and Burke, 
 Walpole and Windham, and many others — 
 which, to persons who can see it, makes the 
 books attractive to-day, and which should al- 
 ways give their, author a secure and distinguished 
 place in the great torch-race of English fiction- 
 writers? It is this— that Miss Burney had a 
 quite marvellous faculty of taking impressions of 
 actual speech, manners, and to a certain extent 
 character: that she had, at any rate for a time, a 
 corresponding faculty of expressing, or at least 
 reporting, her impressions. Next (and perhaps 
 most of all), that she had the luck to come at a 
 moment when speech and mariners were turning 
 to the modern; and lastly, that she was content 
 . . . _ to let her faculty of expression work, au- 
 
 80 
 
THE NOVEL OF DOMESTIC SATIRE 
 
 tomatically and uninterfered with, on the impres- 
 sions, and thereby give us a record of them for all 
 times." Saintsbury. , 
 
 77 Evelina, or, A Young Lady's Entrance 
 Into The World. London : Printed for T. 
 Lowndes ... M.DCC.LXXVIII. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 "[Dr. Johnson] got it almost by heart, and 
 mimicked the characters with roars of laughter. 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds took it up at table, was so 
 absorbed in it that he had to be fed whilst read- 
 ing, and both he and Burke sat 'up over it all 
 night. No story since Clarissa Harlowe had suc- 
 ceeded so brilliantly. Miss'Burney expressed her 
 delight on hearing some of this news by rushing 
 into the garden and dancing round a mulberry 
 tree — a performance which in her old age she re- 
 counted to Sir W. Scott." Leslie Stephen. 
 
 Maria Edgeworth (i 767-1 849) 
 
 Early falling under the influence of Thomas Day, 
 Miss Edgeworth produced' her Parent's Assistant, 
 in six volumes, and the Moral Tales, illustrating 
 her father's principles of education ; but her fame 
 rests on her development of the society novel, 
 Belinda being the best of this group of her works, 
 
 81 
 
THE NOVEL OF DOMESTIC SATIRE 
 
 • and on her creation, as the author of Castle 
 Rackrent, . of what may be called the novel of 
 nationality. Scott acknowledged that it was the 
 success of this book which caused him to endeavor 
 to do for Scotland what Miss Edgeworth had ac- 
 complished for Ireland. Her work, while all 
 more or less didactic, shows a remarkable com- 
 bination of education, sense, taste, humor and 
 pathos. i 
 
 78 Castle Rackrent; An Hibernian Tale. 
 Taken From Facts And From The Man- 
 ners Of The Irish Squires, Before The 
 Year 1782. By Maria Edgeworth ... 
 The Fifth Edition. London: Printed For 
 J. Johnson And Co . . . 1810. 
 
 Fifth edition. Octavo. Author's presentation 
 copy. 
 
 First published in l8vo, it reached a third edi- 
 tion in 1801. 
 
 79 Belinda ... By Maria Edgeworth . . . 
 [Vignette] London: Baldwin & Cradock 
 . . . 1833. 
 
 Duodecimo. Two volumes. Frontispieces and 
 vignettes after W. Harvey. ( Vols. XI and XII 
 of her Tales and Novels, published in eighteen 
 volumes^) 
 
 First published in three volumes in 1801. 
 
 82 
 
the novel of domestic satire 
 
 Jane Austen (1775-1817) 
 
 The six novels which made Jane Austen famous 
 were written in two groups — the first consisting 
 of Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and 
 Northahger Abbey, chiefly between 1796 and 
 1798; the second, Mansfield Park, Emma and 
 Persuasion, from 181 1 to 1816. The order of 
 publication, however, is as follows: Sense and 
 Sensibility, 181 1 (nearly fourteen years after it 
 was written,) ; Pride and Prejudice, 1813 ; Mans- 
 field Park, 1814; Emma, 1816; and the others, 
 the year after Miss Austen's death. Her life was 
 spent quietly in the south of England, where most 
 of her scenes, depicted with amazing clarity and 
 realism, are laid, and only a late and partial ap- 
 preciation was won during' her lifetime by the 
 work which she herself likened to miniature 
 painting, "on which I wofk with so fine a brush 
 as produces little effect after much labor." 
 
 "That young lady," said Scott, "had a talent 
 for describing the involvements, feelings and 
 characters of ordinary life, 'which is to me the 
 most wonderful I have ever met with. The big 
 bow-wow I can do myself like any one going; but 
 the exquisite touch, which renders commonplace 
 things and characters interesting from the truth 
 of the description and the sentiment, is denied 
 
 83 
 
THE NOVEL OF DOMESTIC SATIRE 
 
 me. What a pity so gifted a creature died so 
 early!" 
 
 80 Pride And Prejudice: A Novel ,. . . By 
 The Author Of "Sense and Sensibility" 
 . . . London : Printed For T. Egerton . . . 
 1813. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 81 Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. By 
 The Author of "Pride and Prejudice," 
 "Mansfield Park," &c. With A Biographi- 
 
 / cal Notice Of The Author . . . London: 
 John Murray . . . 1818. 
 First edition. Duodecimo.' Four volumes. 
 "Northanger Abbey is primarily a comic ver- 
 : sion of the Gothic romance, and is thus to be 
 classed with the great burlesques, Don Quixote 
 and Joseph Andrews." Cross. 
 
 84 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 Sir Walter Scott (1 771-1832) and the 
 Culmination of the Historical 
 Novel . 
 
 The novels and tales produced hy Sir Walter 
 Scott, "the first of the modern race of giants in 
 fiction," between the anonymous appearance of 
 Waver ley in 18 14 and the completion, the year 
 before his death, of the last of the Waverley 
 Novels, Count Robert of Paris and Castle Dan- 
 gerous, number more than thirty. 
 
 Dr. T. F. Henderson, in the Cambridge His- 
 tory of English Literature, speaks as follows of 
 the influence which Scott exerted over the novel : 
 "In fiction he may almost be reckoned the foun- 
 der of the historical romance, in which he has 
 had many' successors, both in this country and 
 abroad ; and, if Smollett was his 1 predecessor in 
 the Scottish novel, . . . Scott may be deemed the 
 originator of a pretty voluminous Scottish roman- 
 tic; school, of which the most distinguished repre- 
 sentative is R. L. Stevenson ; while, with Smollett 
 and Gait, he was the forerunner of a Vernacular 
 school of fiction which, within late years, devel- 
 
 85 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 oped into a variety to which the terra kailyard 
 has, with more or less appositeness, been applied. 
 On the Continent, Scott shared with Byron a 
 vogue denied to all other English writers except 
 Shakespeare, and his influence was closely inter- 
 woven with the romantic movement there, and, 
 more especially, with its progress in France." 
 
 82 Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since . . . 
 Edinburgh, Printed by James Ballantyne 
 and Co. . . . For Archibald Constable And 
 Co. . . . 1814. 
 
 First edition, with "our" instead of. "your" the 
 second word in Vol. II, p. 136, 1. 1. Duodecimo. 
 Three volumes. Original drab boards. 
 
 "The First Edition [which appeared on July 
 7] consisted of IOOO copies. So great was its 
 popularity that three more editions were called 
 for before the end of the year. The First Edi- 
 tion was sold within five weeks; the Second Edi- 
 tion, of 2000 copies, appeared before the end of 
 August; the Third Edition, of 1000 copies, was 
 published in October; and a Fourth, of a like 
 number, appeared in November.' These were 
 followed by a Fifth Edition, of 1000 copies, Janu- 
 ary, 1815; the Sixth Edition, of 1500 copies, 
 June, 1S16; the Seventh Edition, of 2000 copies, 
 October, 181J; and the Eighth Edition, of 2000 
 
 86 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 copies, April, 182 1." George Watson Gole, in 
 the Church Catalogue. 
 
 83 Ivanhoe ; A Romance, By "The Author Of 
 Waverleyj" &c. . . . Edinburgh: Printed 
 For Archibald Constable and Co. . . . 
 1820. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes^ 
 
 Published on December 18, 1820. Before the 
 end of the year a second edition appeared. This, 
 Scott's first attempt outside of Scottish history, 
 "at once achieved the popularity which it has al- 
 ways enjoyed, and was more successful in Eng- 
 land than any of the so-called Scottish novels. It 
 was Scott's culminating success in a book-selling 
 sense, and marked the highest point both of his 
 literary and social prosperity." It was issued 
 with better presswork and on finer paper than his 
 earlier works, with the price raised from eight to 
 twelve shillings, but 12,000 copies were sold. 
 
 84 Kenilworth ; A Romance. By The Author 
 Of "Waverley," "Ivanhoe," &c. . ... . Edin- 
 burgh: Printed For Archibald Constable 
 And Co. . . . 1821. 
 
 First edition. Octavo; Three volumes. 
 
 Issued in January in the same form that had 
 been adopted for Ivanhoe. // was one of the, 
 
 87 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 most successful of Scott's novels at the time of its- 
 publication. 
 
 Charles Robert Maturin (i 782-1 824) 
 
 and the Renovation of Gothic 
 
 Romance 
 
 The hold which the Gothic romance had on pop- 
 ular imagination is evidenced by its continuation, 
 with more artistic development, up to the middle 
 of the nineteenth century. The first of its nine- 
 teenth century "renovators" (so called by Profes- 
 sor Cross) was Charles Robert Maturin, who 
 wrote in the preface of his first romance, The 
 Fatal Revenge, or The Family of Monturio, 
 1807: "I have presumed to found the interest of 
 a romance on the passion of supernatural fear, 
 and on that almost alone." His strength lies 
 largely in his power of suggestion, felt especially 
 in his best book, Melmoth the Wanderer, which 
 introduces the Rosicrucian idea, very popular 
 among his fellow-writers. The influence of his 
 work was so much felt in France that Balzac 
 undertook a continuation of it. 
 
 85 Melmoth The Wanderer . . . Edinburgh: 
 Printed for Archibald Constable and Com- 
 pany . . . 1820. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 Susan Edmonstone Ferrier (i 782-1 854) 
 
 Miss Ferrier, for twenty years a friend of Scott, 
 had keen humor and marked ability in sketching 
 character. The one important caricature that she 
 created, the woman who is always quoting the 
 opinions of an absent friend, is found, in The In- 
 heritance. Her other novels are Marriage and 
 Destiny. 
 
 86 The Inheritance. By The Author Of 
 Marriage . . . William Blackwood. Edin- 
 burgh: And T. Cadell, London. MDCCC- 
 XXIV. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 
 Mary Russell Mitford (1 787-1855) 
 
 "Her inimitable series of country sketches, drawn 
 from her own experiences at Three, Mile Cross, 
 entitled Our Village, began to appear in 18 19 in 
 the Lady's Magazine, a little-known periodical, 
 whose sale was thereby increased from- 250 to 
 2000. . . . The book may be said to have laid 
 the foundation of a branch of literature hitherto 
 untried. The sketches resemble Dutch paintings 
 in their fidelity to detail and in the brightness and 
 
 89 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 quaint humour of their style. . . . Charles Lamb 
 declared that nothing so fresh and characteristic 
 had appeared for a long time." Elizabeth Lee, in 
 Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 87 Our Village : Sketches Of Rural Charac- 
 ter And Scenery. By Mary Russell Mit- 
 ford . . . London: G. And W. B. Whit- 
 taker . . . i824[-i832]. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Five volumes. 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli, first Earl of 
 Beaconsfield ( 1 804-1 88 1 ) 
 
 "A quite unique place in the history of English 
 fiction will be universally allowed to be held by 
 Benjamin Disraeli, once called the younger . . . 
 and afterwards the wonder of the world under 
 his title the Earl of Beaconsfield. . . . Yet, with 
 all their combined effectiveness and particular 
 brilliancy, his literary gifts were limited in their 
 range; notwithstanding his extraordinary power 
 of writing dialogue, he had no essentially dra- 
 matic gifts." Sir Adolphus Ward, in The Cam- 
 bridge History of English Literature. 
 
 In 1826, at the age of twenty-two, he took the 
 world of London by storm with the dazzling 
 apothegms and political satire of Vivian Grey, 
 and, though writing hovels was with him but a 
 
 go 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 side issue, he continued to produce them until the 
 year before his death,— the last, Endymion, ap- 
 pearing in 1880. Contarini Fleming (1832), 
 Henrietta Temple (1837), Coningsby (1844), 
 and Sybil (1845) are generally pronounced to be 
 his best works. 
 
 88 Vivian Grey. "Why then the world's 
 mine oyster, Which I with sword will 
 open." . . . London: Henry Colburn . . , 
 i8a6[-i827]. 
 First edition. Octavo. Five volumes. . . 
 
 Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, first 
 Baron Lytton (1 803-1 873) 
 
 "He began novel-writing Very early {Falkland 
 is of 1827)," writes Professor Saintsbury; "he 
 continued it all his life, and he was the very 
 Proteus-chameleon of the novel in changing his 
 styles to suit the tastes of the day. He never 
 exactly copied anybody: and in all his various 
 attempts he went extremely near to the construc- 
 tion of masterpieces." 
 
 Among Bulwer's twenty-nine novels we find 
 examples of the society novel (Pelham, 1828), 
 the Gothic romance (Zanoni, 1842), the novel of 
 crime (Eugene Aram, 1832), and five note- 
 
 91 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 worthy historical novels (Devereux, 1829; The 
 Last Days of Pompeii, T834; Rienzi, 1835 ; The 
 Last of the Barons J 1843 ; and Harold, 1848) ; 
 while in the domestic tales of The Caxtons and 
 My Novel, we find him following the popular 
 trend toward realism. 
 
 89 The Last Days Of Pompeii. By The Au- 
 thor Of "Pelham" . . . London: Richard 
 Bentley . . . 1834. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. The 
 original manuscript of p. 186 is inserted in the 
 third volume. 
 
 It is said that no historical novel has been more 
 widely read than this. 
 
 90. "My Novel" By Pisistratus Caxton; Or 
 Varieties In English Life . . . William 
 Blackwood And Sons Edinburgh And Lon- 
 don MpCCCLIII ... 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Four volumes. Orig- 
 inal brown cloth. 
 
 Frederick Marryat (1 792-1 848) and the 
 Romance of the Sea 
 
 The humorous sea novels of Marryat, a naval 
 officer during the Napoleonic wars; bring back 
 
 92 
 
 '1 ' 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO l870 
 
 Smollett's realistic treatment of adventures on the 
 . ocean. The most popular were Peter Simple 
 and Mr. Midshipman Easy.; 
 
 91 Mr. Midshipman Easy By The Author Of 
 "Japhet In Search Of A Father" . . . 
 London. Saunders and Otley . . . 1836. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 
 William Harrison Ainsworth 
 ( 1 805-1 882) 
 
 Ainsworth, like George Payne Rainsford James 
 of "two horsemen" fame, was a professed imita- 
 tor of Scott. Beginning in 1834 with Rookwood, 
 which celebrates the deeds of the famous high- 
 wayman, Dick Turpin, his popularity endured for 
 fully twenty years. He continued to write until 
 1 88 1, producing in all some forty novels, for the 
 most part dealing with historical crimes and cru- 
 elties, treated- in a picturesque but- flippant 
 manner. 
 
 Ainsworth chose the illustrators of his works 
 
 with great care; among them are George Cruik- 
 
 ■ shank, Hablot K. Browne and Sir John Gilbert. 
 
 92 The Tower of London: A Historical Ro- 
 mance. By William Harrison Ainsworth. 
 
 93 
 
from waverley to 187o 
 
 Illustrated by George Oruikshank. Lon- 
 don. Richard Bentley . , . MDCCCXL. 
 First edition. Octavo. 13 monthly parts in 12, as 
 issued, with 40 full-page etchings and 58 wood- 
 cuts by Cruikshank. Original wrappers designed 
 by Cruikshank. 
 
 The work appeared in book form the same year, 
 with an additional etching. The Escape of Cour- 
 tenay. 
 
 Charles Dickens (1812-1870), Humorist 
 and Humanitarian 
 
 "The humanitarian novel, with which the name 
 of Dickens is preeminently associated after the 
 publication of Pickwick, is the popular section of 
 an extensive humanitarian literature, and as such 
 it is the most available record of a deep and far- 
 reaching philanthropic movement which had its 
 beginnings in the, eighteenth century, and rose to 
 its sentimental culmination some fifty years ago." 
 Crow, 
 
 "Scott died in 1832; and within four years 
 Englishmen were reading Pickwick Papers, the 
 inspired writing of a new novelist, who had two 
 great qualities absent in Sir Walter — humour 
 and humanitarianism. ... In the history of 
 British fiction, Dickens fills the biggest place, 
 
 94 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 contributed the largest number of permanently 
 interesting characters, owed less to other authors 
 than any other novelist ;.'... and while it is pos- 
 sible to contemplate the history of the novel 
 minus any other author, we simply cannot get 
 along without Dickens. The extraordinary suc- 
 cession of masterpieces that he produced with 
 hardly any lapses for thirty years put the whole 
 world hopelessly in his debt." Phelps. 
 
 "Thankfully I take my share of love and kind- 
 ness which this generous and gentle and char- 
 itable soul has contributed to the world. I take 
 and enjoy my share, and say a benediction for the 
 meal." Thackeray. 
 
 93 The Posthumous Papers Of The Pickwick 
 Club. By Charles Dickens. With Forty- 
 Three Illustrations, By R. Seymour and 
 Phiz. London: Chapman And Hall . . . 
 MDCCCXXXVII, 
 
 First edition, first issue, with the original plates 
 by Buss in No. 3, the two plates of No. 4 signed 
 "Nemo," the covers of Nos. I and 2 reading 
 "With four illustrations by Seymour," cover of 
 No. 3 reading "With illustrations by R. W. 
 Buss," and no titles on the plates of Nos. 1-12. 
 Octavo. 20 monthly numbers in iq, as issued, 
 with 43 plates by Robert Seymour (7), R. W. 
 
 95 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 Buss (2) and H. K. Browne (34)- Original 
 -wrappers designed by Seymour {all dated 1836) , 
 with advertisements. 
 
 Comparatively few • of the first numbers were 
 printed, and the sales were slow until the appear- 
 ance of Sam Weller in No. 5, after which there 
 was an enormous demand for the work, and the 
 early numbers were continually reprinted. It has 
 been said that the binder prepared 400 copies of 
 the first number and 40,000 of the fifteenth. The 
 work was issued in book form in 1837. 
 
 94 A Christmas Carol. In Prose, Being A 
 Ghost Story of Christmas, By Charles 
 Dickens. With Illustrations By John 
 Leech. London: Chapman & Hall . . . 
 MDCCCXLIII. 
 
 First edition, first issue, with title printed in red 
 and blue, and "Stave I" on p. I of text. Sexto- 
 decimo. 4 colored plates and 4 woodcuts by John 
 Leech. Original cloth. 
 
 95 The Personal History Of David Copper- 
 field. By Charles Dickens. With Illus- 
 trations By H. K. Browne. London : Brad- 
 bury & Evans . . . 1850. 
 
 First edition, first issue, with date, 1850. Oc- 
 tavo. 20 monthly numbers in ig, as issued, with 
 
 96 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 40 plates by H. K. Browne. Original wrappers 
 designed by Browne, with advertisements. 
 
 The author's own favorite among his novels, 
 and largely autobiographical. On the completion 
 of the parts it appeared in book form in Novem- 
 ber, 1850. 
 
 Charles James Lever (1806-1872) 
 
 Of Charles Lever, Anthony Trollope wrote : "Of 
 all the men I have ever encountered, he was the 
 surest fund of drollery. . . . Rouse him in the 
 middle of the night, and wit would come from 
 him before he was half awake." . The rollicking 
 style of fiction which culminated in Lever orig- 
 inated in William H. Maxwell, who was also a 
 weaker predecessor in the "romance of war'' 
 (usually dealing with the Napoleonic cam- 
 paigns) , so popular in the second quarter of the 
 nineteenth century. Beginning with The Con- 
 fessions of Harry Lorrequer (1839), Lever pro- 
 duced over thirty novels. As a partrayer of Irish 
 character he is said to have been greatly over- 
 rated. 
 
 g& Charles O'Malley, the Irish Dragoon. 
 Edited by Harry Lorrequer, With Illus- 
 trations By Phiz . . . Dublin, William 
 
 97 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 Curry, Jun. and Company . . . MDCCC- 
 
 XLI. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. 22 monthly numbers in 
 
 2i, as issued, with 44 plates by H. K. Browne. 
 
 Original wrappers. 
 
 The story came out serially in the Dublin Uni- 
 versity Magazine in 1840. 
 
 Samuel Warren (1807-1877) 
 
 In Samuel Warren's one successful novel, Ten 
 Thousand a Year, dealing with the validity of 
 certain title-deeds, there are suggestions of both 
 Bulwer and Dickens. It first appeared in Black- 
 wood's Magazine, beginning in 1839, and the 
 cleverness of its legal portraits, though declared 
 to be caricatures, made it at once immensely pop- 
 ular.' In the preface the author wrote: "What- 
 ever may be its defects in execution, it has been 
 written in a grave and earnest spirit, with no 
 attempt whatever to render it acceptable to mere 
 novel-readers. Literature is not the author's pro- 
 fession." 
 
 97 Ten Thousand A-Year . . . William 
 Blackwood And Sons . . '. M.DCCCXLI. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 
 ■<i 98 
 
from waverley to 187o 
 
 Robert Smith Surtees (1803-1864) and 
 the Sporting Novel 
 
 Surtees's papers dealing with the adventures of 
 "Mr. Jorrocks," a sporting grocer, contributed 
 to the New Sporting Magazine, were collected as 
 Jorrocis's Jaunts in 1838, and perhaps suggested 
 to Chapman and Seymour the original idea of 
 Pickwick Papers. . The book's success led Lock- 
 hart to suggest that Surtees try his hand at a 
 novel, the result being Hundley Cross, or the Spa 
 Hunt.' It was expanded in 1854 mt0 Handley 
 Cross, or Mr. Jotrocks's Hunt, and is one of the 
 best of a class of fiction exceedingly popular in 
 the middle of the nineteenth century. Surtees's 
 sporting novels were preceded by Pierce Egan's 
 Life in London (1821), which, though scarcely 
 belonging to the field of the novel, was widely 
 read by all classes of society. 
 
 98 Handley Cross; Or, Mr. Jorrocks's Hunt. 
 By The Author Of "Mr. Sponge's Sporting 
 Tour," "Jorrocks's Jaunts," etc. etc. 
 [Vignette] With Illustrations By John 
 Leech. London : Bradbury And Evans . . . 
 1854. 
 
 First edition, first issue, with wrappers reading 
 "By The Author of Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour 
 
 99 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187a 
 
 &c, &c, &c," and verso of title-page reading 
 "Bradbury And Evans." Octavo, i? monthly 
 numbers, as issued, with IJ colored plates and 
 numerous woodcuts by John Leech. Original 
 wrappers designed by Leech. 
 
 Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 
 
 Emily Jane Bronte (1818-1848) 
 
 Anne Bronte (1 820-1 849) 
 
 Under the pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis and Ac- 
 ton Bell, from their quiet home in Haworth 
 where the greater part of their short lives was 
 passed, the Bronte sisters simultaneously offered 
 their three novels, The Professor, Wuthering 
 Heights and Agnes Grey, to various publishers. 
 The attempts of Emily and Anne were successful, 
 but The Professor was refused, whereupon Char- 
 lotte immediately began Jane Eyre, introducing a 
 new type of heroine. The book was accepted, 
 and published in August, 1847, four months be- 
 fore Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, which 
 appeared together in December. 
 
 The scene of Charlotte Bronte's Shirley, like 
 that of Jane Eyre, is laid in Yorkshire ; those of 
 Villette and' its early sketch, The Professor, in 
 Brussels. 
 
 100 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 Of her masterpiece, Frands Hovey Stoddard 
 writes: "The dominance of the external in the 
 novel of personal life was ended when Jane Eyre 
 was written. The one thing lacking in Pride and 
 Prejudice is intensity of interest. The one thing 
 thrilling through Jane Eyre and Villette is in- 
 tensity of interest — interest in one's own soul-life, 
 interest in emotion as emotion. When Jane Eyre 
 is finished passion has entered into the novel." 
 1 Of Emily's one novel, Professor Cross has 
 written: "Beyond the madness and terror of 
 Wuthering Heights, romantic fiction has never 
 gone. Its spiritual counterpart in real life is 
 Emily Bronte, who preserved her inexorable will 
 far into the day on which she died." 
 
 99 Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. Edited by 
 Currer Bell .... London: Smith, Elder, 
 and Co. . . . 1847. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 
 In January, 1848, a second edition of Jane 
 Eyre testified to its popularity, its dedication being 
 the first appreciation of Thackeray to appear in 
 print. 
 
 100 Villette. By Currer Bell . . . London: 
 Smith, Elder and Co. . . . 1853. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 101 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO l8?0 
 IOI WUTHERING HEIGHTS. A NOVEL. By ELLIS 
 
 Bell ... In Three Volumes. London. 
 Thomas Cautley Newby . . . 1847. 
 First edition. Octavo. ' Three volumes. 
 
 Wuthering Heights is in two volumes, the 
 third containing Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey. 
 
 William Makepeace Thackeray (181,1- 
 1863) and the Return to Realism 
 
 "After that book [Vanity Fair\ there could be no 
 doubt about the greatness of its writer, though it 
 may be doubted whether even now the quality 
 of his greatness is correctly and generally recog- 
 nized. It is this — that at last the novel of real 
 life on the great scale has been discovered. . . . 
 He had struck his path and he kept to it: even 
 when as in Esmond (1852) and The Virginians 
 (1858-1859) actually, and in Denis Duval pro- 
 spectively, he blended the historical with the do- 
 mestic variety. Pendennis (1849-1850) imports 
 nothing out of the most ordinary experience; The 
 Newcomes (1 854-1 855), very little; Philip 
 (1861-1862), only its pantomime conclusion; 
 while the two completely historical tales are in 
 nothing more remarkable than in the way in 
 which their remoter and more unfamiliar main 
 subject, and their occasional excursions from 
 
 102 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 eyery-day life, are subdued to the scheme of the 
 realist novel in the best sense of the term — the 
 novel rebuilt and refashioned on the lines of Field- 
 ing, but with modern manners, relying on variety 
 and life, and relying on these only." Saintsbury. 
 
 102 Vanity Fair. A Novel Without a Hero. 
 By William Makepeace Thackeray. With 
 Illustrations On Steel And Wood By The 
 Author. London: Bradbury And Evans 
 . . . 1848. 
 
 First edition, first issue, with "Vanity Fair" in 
 rustic open-letter type on p. i of text, the wood- 
 cut of the Marquis of Steyne on p. 336, and 
 wrappers numbered with Roman numerals. Oc- 
 tavo. 20 monthly numbers in 19, as issued, with 
 40 plates, initials and woodcuts; all by Thack- 
 eray. Accompanied by a page of the original 
 manuscript and the original drawings for some of 
 the illustrations. 
 
 Published in book, form the same year, and 
 also in New York by Harper and Brothers. The 
 sale of the first numbers was so small that the 
 advisability of ceasing .the publication was consid- 
 ered; but its popularity increased rapidly, and its 
 success was soon assured. 
 
 103 The, History Of Pendennis. His Fortunes 
 And Misfortunes ... By William Make- 
 
 103 
 
from waverley to 1870 
 
 peace Thackeray. With Illustrations 
 On Steel And Wood By The Author . . . 
 London: Bradbury and Evans . . . 1849 
 [-So]. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. 24 monthly numbers in 
 23, as issued, with 2 engraved titles, 46 plates, 
 initials and woodcuts; all by Thackeray. Orig- 
 inal wrappers. 
 
 104 The History Of Henry Esmond, Esq., A 
 Colonel In The Service Of Her Majesty 
 Q. Anne. Written By Himself . . . Lon- 
 don : Printed For Smith, Elder & Company 
 . . . 1852. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. Orig- 
 inal brown cloth binding. 
 
 Editions appeared in New York and Leipzig 
 during the same year, 1852. 
 
 Thackeray himself remarked of Esmond: 
 "Here is the very best I can do." Professor 
 Phelps has said that if a secret ballot could be 
 taken, Henry Esmond might possibly be voted the 
 greatest work of fiction in the English language. 
 
 George Borrow (1 803-1 881) and the 
 Autobiographical Novel 
 
 "It was Borrow who first gave gypsies a citizen- 
 ship in literature. . j . On the whole, it seems 
 
 104 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 best to regard him as one of the most remarkable 
 of aiitobiographers. 'What is autobiography?' he 
 asked. 'Is it a mere record of the incidents of a 
 man's life, or is it a picture of the man himself 
 — his character, his soul?' If, as seems reason- 
 able, we take this, to be applicable to Lavengro 
 and The Romany Rye, it links together the works 
 of ^Borrow that really matter — these two and The 
 Bible in Spain." Hugh Walker, in Cambridge 
 History of English Literature. 
 
 105 Lavengro; The Scholar— The Gypsy— 
 The Priest. By George Borrow . . . Lon- 
 don: John Murray . . . 1851. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. Por- 
 trait by W. Holl. Original cloth. 
 
 In 1&57 The Romany Rye; a Sequel to "La- 
 vengro" appeared. 
 
 Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1 810-1865) 
 
 Gracious, helpful and beloved, the author of the 
 "inimitable prose idyll," Cranford, passed a serene 
 and useful life, which is reflected in much of. her 
 writing. In Mary Barton, and in North and 
 South, inspired by the labor > agitations of the 
 period and notable contributions to the humani- 
 tarian movement, and in Ruth, which deals with 
 
 IOS 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1876 
 
 ethical questions, are found some of her most 
 serious efforts; but Cranford, called by Lord 
 Houghton "the purest piece of humoristic descrip- 
 tion that has been added to British literature 
 since Charles Lamb," is her most original work. 
 
 106 Cranford By Mrs. Gaskell With A Pref- 
 ace By Anne Thackeray Ritchie And 
 Illustrations By Hugh Thomson Lon- 
 don Macmillan And Co. . . . 1892. 
 Duodecimo. Frontispiece, illustrations. 
 
 It was contributed in a series of papers to Dick- 
 ens's magazine j Household Words, in 1851-1853, 
 and first appeared in book form in 1853- 
 
 Charles Kingsley (1 819-1875) 
 
 In his early novels, Alton Locke and Yeast, 
 Kingsley had showed his great zeal for social re- 
 form ; and Hypatia, written with far greater lit- 
 erary power, was also intended to convey a lesson 
 for the day in which it was produced. "It still 
 remains," writes Professor Cross, "the sublimest 
 subject that historical fiction has appropriated to 
 its use, the death struggle between Greek and 
 Christian civilization in the fifth century." 
 
 In Westward Ho!, breathing the spirit of the 
 Elizabethan age; Kingsley gave to the romance of 
 the sea an historical setting. 
 
 106 
 
from waverley to 187o 
 
 107 Hypatia; or, New Foes with an Old Face. 
 By Charles Kingsley, Jun., Rector of 
 Eversley. Reprinted from Fraser's Maga- 
 zine . . . London: John W. Parker and 
 Son . . . MDCCCLIII. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 This first appeared in Fraser's Magazine, be- 
 ginning in 185 1. 
 
 108 Westward Ho! Or, The Voyages and Ad- 
 ventures of Sir Amyas Leigh . . . Ren- 
 dered into Modern English by Charles 
 Kingsley. Cambridge: Macmillan & Co. 
 1855. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. Orig- 
 inal blue cloth. 
 
 Charles Reade (1814-1884) 
 
 Realist that he certainly was, with his laborious 
 arrangement in huge scrap-books of facts and in- 
 cidents of every-day life which might be worked 
 into his books ; historical novelist, in that his best 
 title to fame rests on a mediaeval romance called 
 by Sir Walter Besant the greatest historical novel 
 in the English language ; dramatist in the striving 
 for theatrical effect which often disfigured his 
 work; it is nevertheless as the humanitarian that 
 
 107 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 Charles Reade makes his most lasting impression. 
 His passion for reform and his zeal in dealing 
 with social questions, old and new, may be felt in 
 the greater part of his writing; his most notable 
 attacks being on prison abuses, in // is Never Too 
 Late to Mend, and on the mismanagement of in- 
 sane asylums, in Hard Cash. It is an interesting 
 fact, however, that his greatest novel, The Clois- 
 ter and the Hearth, is the "one which is, all 
 things considered, the least a novel of purpose." 
 
 109 "It is never too late to mend." A matter 
 of fact Romance. By Charles Reade . . . 
 London: Richard Bentley . . . 1856. . . . 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 no The Cloister and the Hearth. A Tale 
 Of The Middle Ages. By Charles Reade 
 . . . London: Trubner & Co . . . 1861. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Four volumes. 
 Original green cloth. 
 
 Diana Maria Mulock Craik (1826-1887) 
 
 "In 1857 [1856] appeared the work by which 
 she will be principally remembered, John Hali- 
 fax, Gentleman, a very noble presentation of the 
 very highest ideal of English middle-class life, 
 which still stands boldly out from the works of 
 
 108 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 1870 
 
 the female writers of the period, George Eliot's 
 excepted. . . . She was not a genius, . . . but 
 the tender and philanthropic, and at the same 
 time energetic and practical womanhood of ordi- 
 nary life has never had a more sufficient repre- 
 sentative." Richard Garnett. 
 
 in John Halifax, Gentleman. By The Au- 
 thor Of "The Head Of The Family" . . . 
 London : Hurst And Blackett . . . 1856. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. Auto- 
 graph letter inserted. ,*VU 
 
 Anthony Trollope (181 5-1882) 
 
 In his entertaining autobiography, Anthony Trol- 
 lope has left an account of the diligent method of 
 work which enabled him to turn out in thirty-five 
 years between thirty and forty novels, many of 
 them in several volumes, besides a large number 
 of short tales. From. the mediocrity of much of 
 this output, the series of thirteen volumes com- 
 prising The Chronicles of Barsetshire (viz. : The 
 Warden, Barchester Towers, Doctor Thome, 
 Framley Parsonage, The Small House at Ailing- 
 ton and The Last Chronicle of Barset) stand out 
 with startling distinctness, and reveal a new hu- 
 morist and a new type of humor. Here are found 
 
 109 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 the portraits of clerical characters for which their 
 creator is especially famous, together with the 
 leisurely pictures of social life in the middle of 
 the century, which he chronicled with such care- 
 ful detail that his books give constant pleasure to 
 the reader of to-day. 
 
 112 Barchester Towers. By Anthony Trol- 
 lope, Author of "The Warden" . . . Lon- 
 don: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, 
 & Roberts. 1857^ 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. Original 
 brown cloth. 
 
 Thomas Hughes (1822-1896) 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that Thomas Hughes 
 confessed that he wrote Tom Brown's School 
 Days "to get a chance at preaching, and not for 
 any other object," his work is the best story of 
 school life that has been written, appealing not 
 only to the real boy everywhere, but to readers of 
 all ages and classes. 
 
 113 Tom Brown's School Days. By An Old 
 Boy . . . Cambridge: Macmillan & Co. 
 1857. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. With presentation 
 inscription to the Rev. John Purchas, who was 
 
 IIO 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 educated at Rugby with Thomas Hughes, and 
 with a slip inlaid bearing in Hughes's handwrit- 
 ing the following: 
 
 " 'There are slaves who dare not be 
 In the right with two or three' 
 An original sentiment of Jas. Russell Lowell 
 strongly recommended to all young folk by his 
 old and sincere admirer Thos. Hughes. Oriel— 
 Oxon. 12/10/83." 
 
 George Eliot ( Mary Ann Evans Cross, 
 
 1819-1880) and the Psychological 
 
 Novel 
 
 "Women almost invariably leave the stamp of 
 their sex upon their work. But George Eliot 
 took and held a man's position in literature from 
 the outset of her career. It was not that she was 
 unfeminine. She brought to her work a woman's 
 sympathy and a woman's attention to detail. But 
 in breadth of conception, in comprehensiveness of 
 thought, her mind was essentially masculine. Her 
 appreciation of varieties and shades of character 
 was almost Shakespearean. ... In the study of 
 the inward workings of the human mind George 
 Eliot is unsurpassed by any novelist." Bayard 
 Tuckerman. 
 
 in 
 
from waverley to 1870 
 
 114 Adam Bede By George Eliot . . . William 
 Blackwood And Sons Edinburgh And Lon- 
 don MDCCCLIX . . . 
 
 First edition. Octavo, Three volumes. 
 
 115 Romola ... By George Eliot. London: 
 Smith, Elder And Co. MDCCCLXIII. 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. 
 
 This appeared in the Cornhill Magazine in 
 1862-^3. 
 
 George Meredith (1828-1909) 
 
 " 'When at the conclusion of your article on my 
 works you say that a certain change in public 
 taste, should it come about, will be to some extent 
 due to me, you hand me the flowering wreath I 
 covet, for I think that all right use of life and 
 the one secret of life is to pave ways for the firmer 
 footing of those who succeed us; and as to my 
 works, I know them faulty, think them of worth 
 only when they point and aid to that end. Close 
 knowledge of our fellows, discernment of the 
 laws of existence, these lead to great civilization. 
 I have supposed that the novel exposing and illus- 
 trating the history of man may help us to such 
 sustaining roadside gifts.' These words, from a 
 private letter of George Meredith's to the author 
 of an article in the Harvard Monthly, contain the 
 
 H2 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 creed on which the whole of his voluminous writ- 
 ing has been based." M. Sturge Henderson 
 Gretton. 
 
 116 The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A His- 
 tory of Father and Son. By George Mere- 
 dith . . . London: Chapman and Hall . . . 
 1859 ■ • • 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 117 Rhoda Fleming. A Story. By George 
 Meredith . . . London: Tinsley Brothers 
 . . . 1865 . . . 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. 
 
 The author's first novel to give prominence to 
 characters of the yeoman class. 
 
 The date set as a limit for this exhibition ex- 
 cludes Meredith's later work. 
 
 Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge 
 Dodgson, 1 832-1898) 
 
 "In 1865 appeared J lice's Adventures in Won- 
 derland, the work by which, with its pendant, 
 Through the Looking Glass and what Alice 
 found there (1871), his name is best known and 
 will be known. Therein the author's gift of 
 absurd comic invention and delicate fanciful fun 
 is at its richest; while the circumstance that the 
 
 "3 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 books originated in the wish to amuse one of his 
 little girl-friends animated them with a charm 
 and humanity that are not to be found in the 
 same degree in anything else he wrote, . . . The 
 success of both books was greatly fortified by the 
 drawings of Mr. (afterwards Sir) John Ten- 
 riiel. Alice in Wonderland has been translated 
 into French, German, Italian, and Dutch ; quota- 
 tions from it and from its companion volume have 
 passed into: the language, and their dramatis per- 
 sona constitute a new nursery mythology. The 
 author, accomplished what was practically a new 
 thing in writing — a persuasive yet rollicking mad- 
 ness that by its drollery fascinated children, and 
 by its cleverness their elders." Edward Verrall 
 Lucas, in Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 118 Alice's Adventures In Wonderland. By 
 Lewis Carroll. With Forty-two Illustra- 
 tions By John Tenniel. London Macmil- 
 lan And Co. 1865 ... 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Woodcuts. Original 
 pencil sketches and early proofs of several of the 
 illustrations are bound in, together with this note 
 in autograph : "The little pencil sketches in this 
 book were done by me. John Tenniel." On the 
 fly-leaf is a poem to M. A. B. in the author's 
 
 handwriting. , ". 
 
 - 1 
 
 114 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 This first edition mas withdrawn by the author 
 on account of defective printing. Some copies 
 were sent to D. Appleton &f Co., New York, and 
 issued by them with a new title-page, dated 1866. 
 The book was republished in London, with sev- 
 eral, typographical changes, in the autumn of 
 1 865, but dated 1866. . 
 
 - William Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) and 
 the Romance of Crime 
 
 Betweeh 1850 and his death in 1889, Wilkie Col- 
 lins, the contemporary of fimile Gaboriau in 
 France, produced some twenty-five novels dealing 
 with crime and its mysteries. The best are The 
 \' Woman in White and The Moonstone, called by 
 Bayard Tuckerman the "most absorbing, narra- 
 1 tives in the whole range of fiction." 
 
 119 The Woman In White. By Wilkie Col- 
 . lins . . . London : Sampson Low, Son, & 
 
 Co. . . . i860 ... 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. Orig- 
 inal purple cloth. 
 
 120 The Moonstone. A Romance. By Wilkie 
 Collins . . . London: Tinsley Brothers 
 . . . ,1868 . . . 
 
 115 
 
FROM WAVERLEY TO 187O 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Three volumes. Orig- 
 inal blue cloth. 
 
 Richard Doddridge Blackmore (1825-1900) 
 
 "After its appearance its author wrote and pub- 
 lished steadily for thirty years; but the fact re- 
 mains that not only is Lorna Doone his best 
 known work, but that his future reputation rests 
 upon it. . . . For this novel is not only one of 
 the best loved books in English fiction and stands 
 magnificently the severe test of rereading, it is 
 bound to have even more admirers in the future 
 than it has ever yet enjoyed ; it is visibly growing 
 in reputation every year." Phelps. 
 
 121 Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. By 
 R. D. Blackmore . . . London: Sampson 
 Low, Son, & Marston . . . 1869 . . . 
 First edition. Octavo. Three volumes. Orig- 
 inal blue cloth. 
 
 With Collins and Blackmore we reach the 
 period of the latest great revival of romance, 
 which culminated in Robert Louis Stevenson, 
 whose works do not fall within the date limits of 
 this exhibition. 
 
 116 
 
SOME AMERICAN FICTION 
 BEFORE 1870 
 
 Jeremy Belknap (1 744-1 798) 
 
 Jeremy Belknap was a clergyman of Boston, who 
 from his fifteenth year kept notes of his reading 
 and a diary in a series of interleaved almanacs. 
 In 1792 he published The Foresters, a humorous 
 allegory, in- which the author attempted to set 
 forth the occurrences of American history prior 
 to 1790. 
 
 122 The Foresters, An American Tale: Being 
 A Sequel To The History Of John Bull 
 the Clothier . . . Printed at Boston, by 
 I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews . . . MDCG- 
 XCII. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Frontispiece. "Clavis 
 Allegorica" from the^ second edition, 1796, is 
 bound in. 
 
 Susannah Rowson ( 1 762-1 824) 
 
 Although born in England, Mrs. Rowson spent 
 most of her life in America. She was an accom- 
 
 117 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 plished actress and teacher, as well as the author 
 of several popular novels. 
 
 123 Charlotte Temple. A Tale Of Truth By 
 Mrs. Rowson . . . New York : John Lomax, 
 Publisher. 1831. 
 
 Duodecimo. Frontispiece, engraved title. 
 
 The book first appeared in London in 1790, 
 the first American edition being published by 
 Carey in Philadelphia in 1794. 
 
 Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) 
 
 Charles Brockden Brown, "Father of American 
 fiction," was born in Philadelphia in 1771. He 
 belonged to the Radcliffe school of Gothic ro- 
 mance, of which his first work, Wieland, is a 
 good example. In Edgar Huntley we find him 
 following William Godwin in the development 
 of the detective story. It also introduces Ameri- 
 can frontier life and forms a link between the 
 romances of Mrs. Radcliffe and the Indian tales 
 of Cooper. Of his other novels, Arthur Mervyn 
 is perhaps the best known. 
 
 124 Wielandj Or The Transformation. An 
 American Tale . . . New York: Printed by 
 T. & J. Swords, for H. Caritat, i 798. . 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original boards. 
 
 118 
 
125 Arthur Mervyn; Or, Memoirs Of The 
 Year 1793 . . . Philadelphia: Printed And 
 Published By H. Maxwell . . . 1799. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. 
 
 Washington Irving (1783-1859) 
 
 "The lineal descendants of the Gothic romance," 
 writes Professor Cross, "are the tales of terror 
 and wonder by Irving, Poe and Hawthorne." 
 Irving produced two typically. American pieces in 
 Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy 
 Hollow, and to the three Americans is due to a 
 large extent the remarkable development of the 
 short story during the nineteenth century, 
 
 126 A History of New York, From The Begin- 
 ning Of The World To The End Of The 
 Dutch Dynasty ... By Diedrich Knick- 
 erbocker . . . Published By Inskeep & 
 Bradford . . . 1809. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 Folded plan of New Amsterdam. 
 
 The second edition, 1812, is also exhibited. It 
 contains various alterations and additions, espe- 
 cially in the preface and the first chapter. 
 
 "The origin of this book resembles that of 
 Fielding's Josepli Andrews some seventy years be- 
 fore, and of Dickens's Pickwick Papers some 
 
 119 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 twenty-five years later. All three began as bur- 
 lesques and ■ ended as independent works of fic- 
 tion." . Barrett Wendell. 
 
 127 The Sketch Book Of Geoffrey Crayon, 
 Gent. No. I[-VII] . . . New-York: Printed 
 By C. S. Van Winkle . . . i8ig[-2o]. 
 First edition. Octavo. 7 monthly parts, as 
 issued. 
 
 "The three pieces [Rip Van Winkle, The 
 Spectre Bridegroom and The Legend of Sleepy 
 Hollow] . . . are among the best short stories 
 in the language, and as they are also among the 
 first in time, Irving deserves the credit of. being 
 a pioneer in a most delightful form of modern 
 fiction. The Sketch-Book also won him a place 
 in British literature, since in Christmas Eve and 
 in Little Britain he gave hints to Charles Dick- 
 ens. In fact, he is a link between Addison and 
 Goldsmith and the great author of The Pickwick 
 Papers." W. P. Trent. 
 
 The first English edition (1820), dedicated to 
 Sir Walter Scott, is also exhibited. 
 
 James Fenimore Cooper (1 789-1 851) and 
 the Romance of Out-of-doors 
 
 "He had American character, which he stamped 
 on everything he wrote, and which he made fa- 
 
 120 
 
miliar to all peoples. Through his pages our 
 gaunt pine, forests, our charmed lakes and our 
 mysterious prairies were added once for all to the 
 geography of the imagination; in his stories a 
 romantic and fast dying race were rescued to the 
 remembrance of every reading nation, so that 
 through him boyhood the world over 'plays In- 
 dian'; he created the most typical figure in the 
 novel of his age, the frontiersman. . . . Leather- 
 stocking is one of the heroic figures of the world's 
 fiction — one of its prizemen; Thackeray spoke 
 truth when he said that Cooper deserves well of 
 us." ' John Erskine. 
 
 128 The Last Of The Mohicans; A Narrative 
 Of 1757. By The Author Of "The Pio- 
 neers" . . . Philadelphia: H. C. Carey & 
 I. Lea . . . 1826. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 129 The Water- Witch, Or The Skimmer Of 
 The Seas . . . Philadelphia : Carey & Lea 
 ... . 1831. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig-^ 
 inal boards. 
 
 121 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 Samuel F. B. Judah 
 
 130 The Buccaneers; A Romance Of Our Own 
 Country In Its Ancient Day . . . Care- 
 fully Collated From The . . . Investiga- 
 tions, Of That Excellent Antiquary And 
 Sublime Philosopher Yclept Terentius 
 Phlogobombos . . . The Imprint Whereof 
 Is At New York. A. D. 1827. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 Some copies have the imprint of Munroe and 
 Francis. On account of their libelous character, 
 pp. xxi—xxiv of the preface were suppressed and 
 do not appear in any copies known. 
 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1 804-1 864) 
 
 In the stories of America's greatest writer of fic- 
 tion, especially in The IScarlet Letter, The House 
 of the Seven Gables, and The Marble Faun, is 
 found the highest form of the Gothic romance, 
 refined and spiritualized by the author's lofty pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Mr. Henry James, who has characterized The 
 Scarlet Letter as "the most distinguished piece of 
 prose fiction that has sprung from American 
 soil," writes of Hawthorne: "He was a beauti- 
 
 122 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 ful, natural, original genius. . . . Among the 
 men of imagination he will always have his niche. 
 No one has had. just that vision of life, and no 
 one has had the literary form that more success- 
 fully expressed his vision. ... He combined in 
 a singular degree the spontaneity of the imagina- 
 tion with a haunting care for moral problems." 
 
 131 Fanshawe, A Tale . . . Boston: Marsh & 
 Capen . . .1828. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original hoards'. 
 
 Hawthorne's first book, published anonymously 
 and unacknowledged by him. It is shown in con- 
 junction with The Scarlet Letter, to demonstrate 
 the contrast between this early effort and the 
 achievement of his masterpiece. Dissatisfied with 
 the work, Hawthorne called in and destroyed all 
 the copies of Fanshawe which he could reach. 
 
 131a Twice-Told Tales. By Nathaniel Haw- 
 thorne. [Printer's mark] Boston: Ameri- 
 " can Stationers Co . . . 1S37. 
 First collected edition. Duodecimo. Original 
 cloth. 
 
 All of these tales had been published previously 
 in magazines and annuals. The appearance of 
 the book established Hawthorne's fame as a 
 
 writer of short stories. 
 
 123 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 132 The Scarlet Letter, A Romance. By Na- 
 thaniel Hawthorne. Boston: Ticknor, 
 Reed, And Fields. MDCCCL. 
 Duodecimo. First issue of the first edition, with 
 the word "reduplicate" on p. 21, afterward 
 changed to "repudiate," and later still to "resusci- 
 tate." 
 
 The book must have appeared just before 
 March 16, as Longfellow's journal has the fol- 
 lowing entry for that date: "Hawthorne's Scarlet 
 Letter is just published, — a most tragic tragedy. 
 Success to the book!" 
 
 The first edition was exhausted in ten days, 
 and the second appeared with a preface dated 
 March 30, 1850, and slight changes. It was 
 afterward reset and electrotyped and issued with 
 the same date. 
 
 James Kirke Paulding (1779-1860) 
 
 One of the Knickerbocker group of New York 
 writers, Paulding used Dutch traditions for the . 
 groundwork of his most successful novel, The 
 Dutchman's Fireside. 
 
 133 Harper's Stereotype Edition. The Dutch- 
 man's Fireside. A Tale . . . New York: 
 Published By T. & J. Harper . . . 1831. 
 Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 124 
 
Richard Moody 
 
 Richard Moody's little known Indian tale of 
 western New York appeared originally in the 
 Rochester Gem, bringing to that paper "an ad- 
 vance of subscribers that took up all the copies 
 the editor had published." 
 
 134 Otiska, Or The First And The Last, Love. 
 A Tale. Rochester, 1832. 
 First edition. Sextodecimo. 
 
 William Gilmore Simms (1 806-1 870) 
 
 "William Gilmore Simms, of Charleston, was, 
 with the exception of Poe, the most important 
 Southern writer before the Civil War and also 
 the most prolific and able of the followers of 
 Cooper. ... He began his literary career as a 
 poet and never ceased to write verse, but obtained 
 real success only in fiction. He struck his vein in 
 1834 with Guy Rivers, a tale of adventures in 
 the Georgia gold-fields, which was the first of a 
 series of romances dealing with life in the far 
 ~*. Southern and Southwestern States. Better than 
 any of these was Yemassee (1835), a story of 
 South Carolina and the Southern Indians almost 
 worthy of Cooper. The same year, with The 
 
 125 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 Partisan, Simms began another series of romances, 
 this time dealing with the Revolution in South 
 Carolina." Trent. 
 
 135 The Yemassee, A Romance Of Carolina 
 . . . New York: Published By Harper & 
 Brothers . . . 1835. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 John Pendleton Kennedy (i 795-1 870) 
 
 A Baltimore lawyer who was Secretary of the 
 Navy under President Fillmore, Kennedy is best 
 known by his romance of the Revolution, Horse 
 Shoe Robinson. Like Simms, he was a follower 
 of Cooper. Other novels by him are Swallow 
 Barn and Rob of the Bowl. 
 
 136 Horse Shoe Robinson, A Tale Of The 
 Tory Ascendency . . . Philadelphia: Ca- 
 rey, Lea & Blanchard. 1835. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 In his dedication to Washington Irving, Ken- 
 nedy wrote: "You have convinced our wise ones 
 af home that a man may sometimes write a vol- 
 ume, without losing his character; and have 
 shown to the incredulous abroad, that an Ameri- 
 can book may be richly worth the reading." 
 
 126 
 
■•:■<< . i 
 
 Robert Montgomery Bird (1803-1854) 
 
 Another Southern writer who felt the influence 
 of Cooper was Dr. Robert Bird, principally re- 
 membered for his Indian novel, Nick of the 
 Woods. He also wrote Calavar and other Mexi- 
 can romances. 
 
 137 Nick Of The Woods, Or The Jibbenaino- 
 say. A Tale Of Kentucky ... Philadel- 
 phia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard. 1837. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe (1 809-1 849) 
 
 "The real power of the physically horrible, hints 
 of which there were in Maturin, was never re- 
 vealed until Poe revealed it. Three of his tales 
 [The Masque of the Red Death, The Fall of the 
 House of Usher and IAgeid\ are the perfection 
 of Gothic art. . . . Within the circumscribed 
 limits of the short story, Poe was a consummate 
 artist when he chose to be." Cross. 
 
 127 
 
american fiction 
 
 138 The Narrative Of Arthur Gordon Pym, 
 Of Nantucket . . . New York: Harper & 
 Brothers . . . 183& 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. ■ 
 Poe's only long story. 
 
 139 Tales Of The Grotesque And Arabesque. 
 By Edgar A. Poe . . . Philadelphia: Lea 
 And Blanch ard. 1840. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 Among the tales are Ms. found in a Bottle and 
 The Fall of the House of Usher. Poe's second 
 • collection of tales, containing some of the most 
 famous, appeared in 1845. 
 
 Joseph Holt Ingraham (i 809-1 860) 
 
 Ingraham's Burton is one of the first novels to be 
 based on the life of Aaron Burr. It is founded 
 upon Burr's adventures in Canada with Mont- 
 gomery. ■[ ,.'1 
 
 140 Burton; Or, The Sieges. A Romance . . . 
 New-York: Harper & Brothers . . . 1838. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 128 
 
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 
 (1807-1882) 
 
 In Longfellow's novel, Hyperion, are found re- 
 flected the thoughts and dreams of the poet dur- 
 ing his wanderings in Germany and Switzerland. 
 As the first work of its kind in American fiction, 
 it holds an important place in our literature. 
 
 141 Hyperion, A Romance. By ,The Author 
 Of "Outre-Mer" . . . New York: Pub- 
 lished By Samuel Colman . . . 1839. 
 First edition. Octavo. Two volumes. An au- 
 tograph letter from Longfellow is inserted. Of 
 Hyperion he, writes: "Some abuse it and say it is 
 not a Romance. But then some persons raised an 
 hue and cry when Byron called his Childe Harold 
 a Romaunt." 
 
 John Lothrop Motley (1814-1877) 
 
 Strangely enough, the historian Motley began his 
 literary career with an unsuccessful novel, Mar- 
 ton's Hope (1839). Some years later his colo- 
 nial romance, Merry-Mount, met with better 
 success. 
 
 129 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 142 Morton's Hope: Or The Memoirs Of A 
 Provincial . . . New-York: Published By 
 Harper & Brothers . . . 1839. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 143 Merry-Mount; A Romance Of The Massa- 
 chusetts Colony . . . Boston And Cam-' 
 bridge: James Munroe And Company. 
 M DCCC XLIX. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Two volumes. 
 
 Charles Fenno Hoffman (1806-1884) 
 
 Charles Fenno Hoffman, founder of the Knicker- 
 bocker Magazine and author of some sparkling 
 verse, made slight excursions into the field of the 
 novel in Vanderlyn and Greyslaet, 
 
 144 Greyslaer: A Romance Of The Mohawk 
 . . . New York: Harper & Brothers . . . 
 1840. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. 
 
 Maria Gowen Brooks (c. 1795-1845) 
 
 Mrs. Brooks, whose poem Zophiel was greatly 
 admired by Robert Southey, wrote only one prose 
 
 130 
 
rtlVldVlV-rti. 1 * IlLlXUfl 
 
 work, a novel, in which she made a boast of hav- 
 ing preserved the "unity of time and place." 
 Though filled with stilted sentiment, it is of in- 
 terest in that it is undoubtedly an autobiography 
 of the gifted "Maria del Occidente." 
 
 145 Idomen; Or, The Vale Of Yumuri. By 
 Maria Del Occidente . . . New-York: 
 Published By Samuel Colman. 1843. 
 F'tfst edition, Sextodecimo. 
 
 Sylvester Judd (1813-1833) ■'•*''< 
 
 Margaret, a transcendental romance by the Rev. 
 Sylvester Judd, a Unitarian clergyman of Port- 
 land, Maine, has been much praised, in spite of 
 poor construction, for its descriptions of scenery 
 and of humble rural life. James Russell Lowell 
 was among its admirers, who, Professor Trent 
 remarks, are chiefly New Englanders. 
 
 146 Margaret, A Tale Of The Real and 
 Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including 
 Sketches Of A Place Not Before De- 
 scribed, Called Mons Christi . . . Boston: 
 Jordan And Wiley . . . M DCCC XLV. 
 First edition. Octavo. Original cloth. 
 
 131' 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 Another edition appeared in 1851, and in i8$6 
 a collection of illustrations by F. O. C, Darley 
 was published. 
 
 John Greenleaf Whittier (1 807-1 892) 
 
 Of Margaret Smith's Journal, William J. Lin- 
 ton says, in his Life of Whittier: "Strictly speak- 
 ing, it is an historical novel, though to the modern 
 novel-reader it will perhaps seem hardly a novel 
 at all, but only a dry series of sketches of char- 
 acter, manners, and scenery, done in antique 
 phraseology. To any one who has a smack of the 
 tastes of an antiquary there can scarcely be a 
 more, delightful book." 
 
 147 Leaves From Margaret Smith's Journal 
 In The Province of Massachusetts Bay. 
 1678-9. Boston: Ticknor, Reed, "And 
 Fields MDCCCXLIX. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. 
 
 Susan Warner (1819-1885) 
 
 "One of the* famous novels of its time and still 
 reckoned a classic by lovers of sentimental fiction 
 was that tearful work, The Wide, Wide World." 
 Simonds. 
 
 132 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 It is amusing to read that Mrs. Browning re- 
 marked, on reading Miss Warner's Queechy: 
 "Mrs. Beecher Stowe scarcely excels it, after all 
 the trumpets"! 
 
 148 The Wide, Wide World. By Elizabeth 
 Wetherell . . . [Vignette] Thirteenth 
 Edition. New York. George P. Putnam 
 . . . M.DCCC.LII. 
 
 Duodecimo. Two volumes. 
 
 The first edition appeared in i8$0. 
 
 Eliza Ann Dupuy (1814-1881) 
 
 Miss Dupuy was the author of about forty 
 stories, most of which are forgotten. Her first 
 book is The Conspirator, in which Aaron Burr is 
 the principal character. 
 
 149 The Conspirator, By A. E. Dupuy . . . 
 New York: D. Appletqn & Company . . . 
 M DCCC L. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1812-1896) 
 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin, the great contribution of the 
 United States to the humanitarian novel, does not 
 seem to have created much excitement when its 
 
 133 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 early chapters appeared, in 1851, in the National 
 Era of Washington. "It seemed to me," wrote 
 the author, "that there was no hope; that nobody 
 would, hear; that nobody would read, nobody 
 would pity." When the work was published 
 separately, however, it "electrified the United 
 States, Great Britain, and all Europe almost 
 simultaneously." Five hundred thousand copies 
 were sold in five years in the United States alone, 
 and it has been translated into French, German, 
 Armenian, Bohemian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, 
 Hungarian, Illyrian, Polish, Portuguese, modern 
 Greek, Russian, Servian, Spanish, Swedish, 
 Welsh and other languages. 
 
 150 Uncle Tom's Cabin ; Or, Life Among The 
 Lowly. By Harriet Beecher Stowe. [Vign- 
 ette] . . . Boston: John P. Jewett & Com- 
 pany. Cleveland, OHiofjEWETT, Proctor & 
 
 WORTHINGTON. 1 852. 
 
 First edition. Octavo. Two volumes. Original 
 brown wrappers (a very small number of copies 
 exist in this state). 
 
 It appeared in London the same year in thir- 
 teen numbers, with twenty-seven woodcuts by 
 George Cruikshank. 
 
 150a Another Copy* bound in brown cloth. y 
 
 ; 134 
 
american fiction 
 
 Charles Godfrey Leland (i 824-1 903) 
 
 In Meister Karl's Sketch-Book, partly fiction and 
 partly reminiscent of his travels, the author of the 
 Hans Breitmann Ballads gave early evidence of 
 his humorous qualities and facility in dealing with 
 language. 
 
 151 Meister Karl's Sketch-Book. By Charles 
 G. Leland . . . Philadelphia: Parry & 
 McMillan . . . 1835. 
 First edition. Octavo. Original cloth. 
 
 George William Curtis (1 824-1 892) 
 
 Although chiefly remembered as an essayist, the 
 versatile editor of "The Easy Chair" made a 
 happy contribution to fiction in the delicate 
 sketches of Prue and I. His only serious novel, 
 Trumps, was unsuccessful. 
 
 152 Prue And I. By George William Curtis 
 . . . New York: Dix, Edwards & Co . . . 
 1856. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. 
 
 135 
 
american fiction 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes (i 809-1 894) and 
 the Romance of Science 
 
 A late development of romance is that in which 
 scientific theories are promulgated and the dis- 
 coveries of scientists celebrated. One of the first 
 novels of this kind is s Dr. Holmes's Elsie Venner, 
 which has been called "a medicated romance." 
 In 1868 Holmes published a second novel, The 
 Guardian Angel. 
 
 153 Elsie Venner : A Romance of Destiny. By 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes . . . Boston : Tick- 
 nor and Fields. MDCCCLXI. v. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Orig- 
 inal cloth. 
 
 First published serially. 
 
 Theodore Winthrop (1 828-1 861) 
 
 Had not Theodore Winthrop's brilliant career 
 been cut short on the battle-field during the 
 Civil War, he would probably have taken high 
 rank in American literature. His threer novels, 
 rejected by publishers during his lifetime, were 
 Cecil Dreeme, which appeared, with a memoir 
 of the author by George William Curtis, shortly 
 after his death in 1861 ; John Brent (1862) ; and 
 
 136 
 
Edwin Brothertoft (1862). In John Brent, 
 which deals with the Mormons in the United 
 States, Winthrop struck a new vein in fiction. 
 
 4 John Brent. By Theodore Winthrop . . . 
 Boston : Ticknor and Fields. 1862. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo.' Original cloth. 
 
 Bayard Taylor (1825-1878) 
 
 In 1863, Bayard Taylor, traveler, poet and trans- 
 lator, produced his first novel, Hannah Thurs* 
 ton. It was followed by Godfrey's Fortunes, of 
 an autobiographical nature,, and The Story of 
 Kennett, an historical romance. 
 
 5 Hannah Thurston : A Story Of American 
 Life. By Bayard Taylor. - New York : G. P. 
 Putnam . . . 1863. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Original cloth. 
 
 James D. McCabe,'Jr. (1 842-1 883) 
 
 The preface of McCabe's Aid-de-camp, published 
 in Richmond during the Ciyil War, says that the 
 romance was written in 1862, "more for the pur- 
 pose of beguiling a season of weariness than with 
 the expectation of presenting it to the public. It 
 
 137 
 
AMERICAN FICTION 
 
 f was originally published in The Magnolia 
 Weekly, and the great success with which it met 
 there has encouraged the Author to attempt a re- 
 publication." 
 
 156 The Aid-de^camp; A Romance Of The 
 War. By James McCabe, Jr. Published 
 By W. A. J. Smith Richmond 1863. 
 Octavo. Original paper -wrapper. 
 
 Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) 
 
 In the preface of Norwood, the Rev. Henry 
 Ward Beecher wrote of the request for a novel 
 which he had received from the New York 
 Ledger: "Had it been a request to carve a statue 
 or build a man-of-war, the task would hardly have 
 seemed less likely of accomplishment." 
 
 157 [From the New York Ledger.] Norwood; 
 or, Village Life - In New England. By 
 Henry Ward Beecher. New York: Charles 
 Scribner & Company. 1868. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. ' 
 
 Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) 
 
 "To old-fashioned girls and little women and 
 little men of the last generation ... it would 
 
 138 
 
seem an impossibility that Miss Alcott can ever 
 be forgotten." Mildred C. Watkiris. 
 
 • rtf; 
 
 f 
 
 158 Little Women Or, Meg, Jo, Beth And Amy 
 By Louisa M., Alcott Illustrated By May 
 Alcott Boston Roberts Brothers 1868. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Two volumes. Full- 
 page woodcuts. Original cloth. 
 
 Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne 
 Clemens, 1835-1910) 
 
 Mark Twain's first hook, The Celebrated Jump- 
 ing Frog, a collection of sketches, was published 
 in- 1867. In 1869 appeared Innocents Abroad, 
 his first work of any length, and the one which 
 brought him immediate fame. His other books 
 of importance were 'written after 1870. 
 
 159 The Innocents Abroad, or, The New 
 Pilgrim's Progress . . . Hartford, Conn.: 
 American Publishing Company ." . . 1869. 
 First edition, first issue, with page numbers omit- 
 ted on last page of "Contents," etc. Octavo. 
 Original cloth. 
 
 139 
 
american fiction " 
 
 Francis Bret Harte (1839-1902) 
 
 "It is somewhat odd that Bret Harte should not 
 have written a great novel of character. . . . 
 The panorama of incidents in which he set his 
 gallery of portraits gives him the effect of a 
 novelist; he has, in the mass of his western stories 
 a volume and unity of effect such as neither Poe 
 nor Hawthorne attained in short stories. If his 
 genius had taken such a direction, the material 
 he had in hand deserved the larger form, not of 
 the novel, but the epic." Erskine. 
 
 160 Condensed Novels, And Other Papers. By 
 F. Bret Harte. With Comic Illustrations 
 By Frank Bellew. New York: G. W. 
 Carleton & Company . . . MDCCCLXVII. 
 First edition. Duodecimo. Full-page woodcuts. 
 Original cloth. 
 
 Harte's first published writings were these bur- 
 lesques of famous novels, which he contributed to 
 The Golden Era and The Californian. 
 
 161 The Luck Of Roaring Camp, And Other 
 Sketches. By Francis Bret Harte. Bos- 
 ton : Fields, Osgood, & Co. 1870. 
 
 First edition. Duodecimo. 
 
 The Luck of Roaring Camp first appeared in 
 the second number of The Overland Monthly. 
 
 140 
 
INDEX 
 
INDEX* 
 
 Addison, Joseph, 40 
 Adlington, William, 7 
 Ainsworth, William Harrison, 92 
 Alcott, Louisa May, 158 
 Austen, Jane, 80, 81 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Albans, 30 
 
 Bage, Robert, 64 
 
 Barclay, John, 29 
 
 Beckford, William, 69 
 
 Beecher, Henry Ward, 157 
 
 Behn, Aphra, 36 
 
 Belknap, Jeremy, 122 
 
 Bird, Robert Montgomery, 137 
 
 Blackmore, Richard Doddridge, 121 
 
 Borrow, George, 105 
 
 Boyle, Roger, First Earl of Orrery, 34 
 
 Brathwaite, Richard, 32 
 
 Breton, Nicholas, 26 
 
 Bronte, Anne, 101 
 
 Bronte, Charlotte, 99, 100 
 
 Bronte, Emily Jane, 101 .;■>. .. 
 
 Brooke, Henry, 62 , 
 
 Brooks, Maria Gowen, 145 •*. S' 
 
 Brown, Charles Brockden, 124, 125 
 
 Bulwer-Lytton, Edward George, First Baron 
 
 Lytton, 89, 90 
 Bunyan, John, 39 
 Burney, Frances,, Madame d'Arblay, 77 
 
 * Reference is made to the numbers of the entries. 
 
 143 
 
INDEX 
 
 Carroll, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), ng 
 
 Caxton, William, t, 2 
 
 Cervantes, Miguel de, 27, 28 
 
 Collins, William Wilkie, 119, 120 
 
 Congreve, William, 37 
 
 Cooper, James Fenimore, 128, 129 
 
 Copland, Robert, 3 
 
 Coventry, Francis, 56 
 
 Craik, Diana Maria Mulock, m 
 
 Curtis, George William, 152 , 
 
 D., R., 22 
 
 Day, Thomas, 63 
 
 Defoe, Daniel, 41, 42, 43 
 
 Dickens, Charles, 93, 94, 95 
 
 Disraeli, Benjamin, First Earl of Beaconsfield, 88 
 
 Dupuy, Eliza Ann, 149 
 
 Edgeworth, Maria, 78,. 79 
 
 Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans Cross), 114, 115 
 
 Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, 6 
 Ferrier, Susan Edmonstone, 86 
 Fielding, Henry, 48, 49 
 Fielding, Sarah, 54 
 Ford, Emanuel, 25 
 
 Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 106 
 
 Godwin, Francis, Bishop of Hereford, 31 
 
 Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 65 
 
 Godwin, William, 66 
 
 Goldsmith, Oliver, 61 
 
 Gott, Samuel, 33 
 
 Greene, Robert, 12, 13, 14, 14a 
 
 144 
 
INDEX 
 
 Harte, Francis Bret, 160, 161 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 131, 131a, 132 
 Haywood, Eliza, 55 
 Hoffman, Charles Fenno, 144 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 153 
 Hughes, Thomas, 113 
 
 Ingraham, Joseph Holt, 140 
 Irving, Washington, 126, 127 
 
 Johnson, Samuel,' 60 
 Johnstone, Charles, 57 
 Judah, Samuel F. B., 130 
 Judd, Sylvester, 146 
 
 Kennedy, John Pendleton, 136 
 Kingsley, Charles, 107, 108 
 
 Leland, Charles Godfrey, 151 ',- 
 Lennox, Charlotte, 58 , 
 Lever, Charles James, 96 . 
 Lewis, Matthew Gregory, 72 
 Lodge, Thpmas, 15, 16 
 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 141 
 Lyly, John, 10, n 
 
 McCabe, James D., Jr., 156 
 Malory, Sir Thomas, 1, 2 . < 
 Manley, Mary de la Riyiere, 38 
 Marryat, Frederick, 91 
 Maturin, Charles Robert, 85 
 Meredith, George, n 6, 117 
 Mitford, Mary Russell, 87 
 Montemayor, Jorge de, 18 
 
 145 
 
 *»<n 
 
INDEX 
 
 Moody, Richard, 134 
 More, Sir Thomas, 4 
 Motley, John Lothrop, 142, 143 
 Munday, Anthony, '19 
 
 Nash, Thomas, -23 
 
 Painter, William, 5 
 Paltock, Robert, 45 
 Paulding, James Kirke, 133 
 Pettie, George, 8 
 Poe, Edgar Allan, 138, 139 
 Porter, Jane, 76 
 
 Radcliffe, Ann, 71 
 Raspe, Rudolf Eric, ■ 70 
 Reade, Charles, 109, no 
 Reeve, Clara, 68 
 Richardson, Samuel, 46, 47 
 Roche, Regina Maria, 73 
 Rowson, Susannah, 123 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter, 82, 83, 84 
 Scuderi, Madeleine de, 35 
 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 75 
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 74 
 Sheridan, Frances, 59 
 Sidney, Sir Philip, 20, 20a, 21 
 Simms, William Gilmore, 135 
 Smollett, Tobias George, 50, 51 
 Steele, Sir Richard, 40 
 Sterne, Laurence, 52, 53 
 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 150 
 Surtees, Robert Smith, 98 
 Swift, Jonathan, 44 
 
 * 146 
 
INDEX 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, 155 
 
 Thackeray, William Makepeace, 102, 103, 104 
 
 Trollope, Anthony, nz 
 
 Twain, Mark (Samuel Langhorne Clemens), 159 
 
 Walpole, Horace, 67 
 Warner, Susan, 14.8 
 Warren, Samuel, 97 
 Whetstone, George, 9 
 Whittier, John Greenleaf, 147 
 Winthrop, Theodore, 154 
 Worde, Wynkyn de, 3 
 
 Young, Bartholomew, 17, 18 
 
 «47 
 
We are indebted to the authorities of the New 
 York Public Library for the following statistics 
 of the circulation of certain books in their 
 branch libraries in Manhattan during the year 
 1 916. It must be remembered that the circula- 
 tion is somewhat affected by the requirements for 
 school reading. Dramatization and moving pic- 
 ture performances have also increased the demand 
 for certain novels. 
 
 Dr. Edwin H. Anderson, Director of the New 
 York Public Library, writes in connection with 
 this list: - 
 
 "The public does not, I think, appreciate the 
 fact that these standard novels have a greater cir- 
 culation through the public libraries of this coun- 
 try than the recent So-called best sellers." 
 
 148 
 
Bronte 
 Jane Eyre . 
 
 Dickens 
 
 David Copperfield 
 Oliver Twist . . 
 Tale of Two Chies 
 Christmas Stories . 
 Pickwick 
 Nicholas Nickleby 
 
 Eliot 
 
 Silas Marner . 
 Mill on the Floss . 
 Romola .... 
 Adam Bede , . . 
 
 Meredith 
 
 Diana of the Crossways . 
 Egoist ...... 
 
 Ordeal of Richard Feverel 
 
 Ivanhoe 
 
 Kenilworth . . . . 
 Talisman 
 
 Thackeray 
 Vanity Fair . . . . 
 Henry Esmond 
 
 Virginians 
 
 Pendennis 
 
 Number 
 of times 
 ' issued 
 
 . Number 
 of copies 
 available 
 
 Average 
 number 
 of issues 
 per copy 
 
 7,aoo 
 
 292 
 
 24.6 
 
 6,248 
 6,049 
 6,037 
 3.041 
 
 2,745 
 
 2,383 
 
 352 
 300 
 324 
 306 
 186 
 193 
 
 17.7 
 
 20.I 
 
 18.6 
 
 IO 
 
 14.8 
 
 12.4 
 
 7,193 
 6,429 
 
 3,458 
 3,014 
 
 371 
 338 
 197 
 186 
 
 19.4 
 19 
 
 '7-5 
 16.2 
 
 1,034 
 895 
 
 753 
 
 71 
 56 
 69 
 
 14.5 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 7,95o 
 3,648 
 3,063 
 
 476 
 299 
 277 
 
 16.7 
 12.2 
 ii»i 
 
 3,670- 
 2,219 
 1,676 
 1,626 
 
 223 
 173 
 134 
 121 
 
 i6. S 
 12.8 
 12.5 
 13-4 
 
 Total 80,331 4,944 
 
 16.2 
 
 149 
 
FACSIMILES 
 
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 of 3MgC tfje #w of ohj fojo? /<m/C£££/Cg$8S/ 
 
 AT Crt*fon tn* fif « fatf 
 
 Plate I 
 No. a 
 
The 'Talace ofPleafttre^, 
 
 Beautified, adorned and 
 tbell furmfl)et>,tbitl) pica* 
 
 Jaunt HiSlorits and excellent 
 JtogeUe*. fetecteb out of 
 
 diuers good andcotnraen- 
 
 <f By William Painter Clarke of the 
 Ordmauneeand^rmarie, 
 
 fMT'RJNJ'E'D *AT 
 HotiDon, b j> ^enrp IDenlja m , 
 
 for Richard Tottell and William Iones. 
 
 \* Im"*- WW kiV hA* 1*.^ „ 
 
 Plate II 
 
 No. s 
 
LettersofEupbues. 
 
 $earo ota foomantf in at qualities mtltefy anpmair. 
 W^iOf if itbe fo,u fl^ai tfjinfte my labour as Inelt be* 
 tfofoeo as Saba oio ljirs,toi)en uje trauaileo to fee Sa- 
 lomon.0t mg going if tl)oube in Naples 3 Miniate 
 t$a,f at m? rctourn 3 toil tell tfj© m? to* !>:" 4 > 
 Philautuseome tljistointer,lje^allint»iV 
 mage be a par tner,a pleafatmt rompaniad 
 a iourni? jate u)al tf>er as % ljcare,ffc a v 
 tier in fljefo>f better in fubffaimce,mo?c t 
 tters,mo;e goaty conftiues,asfaire ladies 
 oitions. JButa toill not bannt,befoje tlje toaokew 
 ftoeare it i» fo,tmtil 31 tee it be fo,Jf aretoel,bnto fojjom 
 abofteall 3 t»i(^ trrell. 
 
 Haue finished the firft part of Euphuei, whom now I left 
 ready e to croflc the Seas to England, if the winde fende 
 him a fhortcutyou (hall in the fecond part heare what 
 nevves he brihgeth , and 1 hope to haue him rctourned within, 
 one Summcr.In the meaoe fcfon.l wil ftay for him in the coir- 
 try, Sc as foone as he ariueth you (hall know of his conuning, 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 fpmprinted at London by Thomas Eaft, for 
 
 Gabr'ttlCamodvimUmg tn Pttula Church-ytrd* 
 ■*S7Ji* 
 
 Plate III 
 
 No. 10 
 
PANDOSTO 
 
 The Triumph 
 
 of Time. 
 
 WHEREIN IS DISCOVERED 
 by a pleafant Hiftorie, that although by the 
 meanes of finifter fortune Truth may be con- 
 cealed, yet by Time in fpke of fortune it 
 is moft manfteftly reuealed. 
 
 rkMpmt forage to AHoyddrovvfiethoughts^ojitthle 
 
 fir youth to efihue other wantmpoJtimsfnd 
 
 briagingto boihadefiredcontent, 
 
 Tcmporis fihaventas. 
 Omnc tulitpuofbim cpii mifcoit vtileduki. 
 
 Imprinted at London for I;B.d welling at the Ggne of did 
 Biblcjficarc vnto the North doore ofPaufcs. 
 
 Plate IV 
 
 No. 13 
 
THE 
 
 COVNTESSE 
 
 OF PEMBROKES 
 
 ARCADIA, 
 
 WRITTEN BY SIR PHILIPPE 
 SIDNEI. 
 
 LONDON 
 Printed for William Ponfbnbie. 
 tytimo Domini , ijpo. 
 
 Plate V 
 
 No. 20 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OP 
 
 THE VALOROVS 
 
 AND W1TTIE 
 
 Knigh t-E r r a n t, 
 
 D O N-QV I X O T E 
 
 Of the Mtncha. 
 
 Tran/lateJout of the Sfanijb, 
 
 LONDON 
 
 Printed by Wittiam Stxnsby, iotEiLBlounizrA 
 
 W. Barret, i 6 i a. 
 
 Plate VI 
 
 No. 27 
 
THE 
 
 Pilgrim s Progrefs 
 
 FROM 
 
 THIS WORLD, 
 
 T O 
 
 That which is to come: 
 
 Delivered under the Similitude of a 
 
 DREAM 
 
 Wherein is Difcovered , 
 
 The manner of his Jetting out, 
 
 His Dangerous Journey* Andfafe 
 
 Arrival at the Delired Countrey. 
 
 I have nfed Similitudes, Hof, 12. 10. 
 
 By John Bunyan. 
 
 r u {cen ten aim flfouceo acccwing to aDjtrer. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed for Natb. Ponder at the Peacock\ 
 I in the Votdmy near Cornbil, 1678. 
 
 Plate VII 
 
 No. 39 
 
T RAVE L S 
 
 INTO SEVERAL 
 
 Remote Nations 
 
 O F T HE 
 
 WORLD. 
 
 In Four PARTS. 
 
 By LEMUEL GULLIVER, 
 
 Firft a Surgeon, and then a Cap 
 tain of feveral SHIPS. * 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 L N T> N: 
 
 Printed for Benj. Mottb, at the 
 
 Middle Temple-Gate /VFleet-ftreet. 
 
 Mdccxxvi. 
 
P A^M E L A: 
 
 O R, 
 
 Virtue Rewarded. 
 
 In a SERIES of 
 
 Familiar Letters 
 
 F R O M A 
 
 Beautiful Young Daxisel, 
 To her P A R E N T S. 
 
 Now firft Publifhed 
 
 In order to cultivate the Principles of 
 Virtue and Religion in the Minds of 
 the YOUTH of BOTH SEXES. 
 
 A Narrative which has its Foundation in TRUTH 
 and NATURE; and at the fame time that it agree- 
 ably entertains, by a Variety of curhus and affc&ing 
 Incidents, is intirely diverted of all thofe Images* 
 which, in too many Pieces calculated for Amufement 
 only, tend to inflame the Minds they fhould inftruS. 
 
 In Two VOLUMES. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed forC. RivinctoNj in St.PauPt Church- 
 Yard; and J. O s b o r n, in Pa ttr-no/itr Rfw. 
 MDCCXLI. 
 
 Plate X 
 No. 46 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ADVENTURES 
 
 O F 
 
 JOSEPH ANDREWS, 
 
 And of his Friend 
 Mr. ABRAHAM ADAMS. 
 
 Written in Imitation of 
 
 The Manner of Cervantes, 
 Author of Hon Qyixote. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed For A. Millar, over-againft 
 St. Clement's Church,, in the Strand. 
 
 M.DCC.XLII. 
 
 Plate XI 
 No. 48 
 
THE 
 
 EXPEDITION 
 
 O F 
 
 HUMPHRY CLINKER. 
 
 By the Au thor of 
 
 RODERICK RANDOM. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 — — Quorfum haec tarn putida tendunt, 
 Furcifer ? ad te, inquam Hon. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed for W. Johnston, in Lgdgate-Street ; 
 
 and B. Collins, in Salifbury. 
 
 MDCLXXI. 
 
 Plate XII 
 No. 51 
 
THE 
 
 LI F E 
 
 AND 
 
 OPINIONS 
 
 i 
 
 O F 
 
 TRISTRAM SHANDY, 
 
 Gentleman. 
 
 dhha, to. Trept tuv YlpxyfJucAav, Aoypetla* : 
 VOL. I. 
 
 1760. 
 
 Plate XIII 
 
 No. sz . 
 
THE 
 
 V I CAR 
 
 V " 
 
 O F 
 
 WAKEFIELD: 
 
 A TALE. 
 
 Suppofed to be written by HiAiself. 
 
 Sperate mi/eri t cavete falices. 
 
 ..-•j^-— . . . .. . 
 
 VO L. L 
 
 SALISrURY: 
 
 Printed by B. COLLINS, 
 
 ForF. Newbert, in Pater-Nofter-Row> London. 
 ' MDCCLXVI. 
 
 Plate XIV 
 N0.61 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F 
 
 SANDFORD and MERTON, 
 
 A WORK 
 
 Intended for the Ufe of Children. 
 
 " SUFFER THE LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO 
 ME, AND FORBID THEM NOT." 
 
 
 LONDON; 
 
 Printed for J. Stockdale, Oppofite Burlington-Houfe, 
 Piccadilly. 
 
 MDCCXXXXIII. 
 
 Plate XV 
 No. 63 
 
THE 
 
 Castle of Otranto, 
 
 A 
 
 STORY, 
 
 Tranflated by 
 
 WILLIAM MARSHAL, Gent. 
 
 From the Original Italian of 
 
 ONUPHRIO MURALTO, 
 
 Canon of the Church of St. Nicholas 
 at Ot R AN TO. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for Two. LoWmds in Fleet-Street. 
 MDCCLXV. 
 
 Plate XVI 
 No. 67 
 
BARON MUNCHAUSEN'S 
 
 NARRATIVE 
 
 OP HIS 
 
 MARVELLOUS TRAVELS 
 
 AND 
 
 CAMPAIGNS 
 
 I N 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 HUMBLY DEDICATED AND RECOMMENDED 
 
 T O 
 
 COUNTRY GENTLEMEN; 
 
 AND, IF THEY PLEASE, 
 
 TO BE REPEATED AS THEIR. OWN, AFTER A HUNT 
 AT HORSE RACES, IN WATERING-PLACES, AND 
 OTHER SUCH POLITE ASSEMBLIES } ROUND THE. 
 BOTTLE AND FIRE-S1DE. 
 
 OXFORD: 
 
 Printed fop the Editor, and fold by the JSoofcfellers there and 
 at Cambridge, alfo in London by the Bookfellers of Picca- 
 dilly, the iloyal Exchange, and M. Smith, at No. 4.6, in 
 Flect-flreet. — And in Dublin byV. Btrwe, No. icS, Craf- 
 ton-.1 recti 
 
 MDCCtXXXVI. 
 
 Plate XVII 
 No. 70 
 
EVELINA, 
 
 O R, A 
 
 YOUNG LADY'S 
 
 E N TR A N C E 
 
 INTO THE 
 
 WORLD, 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 L O N D Q N: 
 
 Printed for T. Lowndes, ,N° 77, in 
 
 Fleet-Street. 
 
 M.DCC.LXXyill. 
 
 Plate XVIII 
 No. 77 
 
PRIDE 
 
 AND 
 
 PREJUDICE 
 
 , A NOVEL. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 
 AUTHOR OF " SENSE AND SENSIBILITY. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 Plate XIX 
 
 No. 80 
 
 HonDon: 
 
 PRINTED FOR T. EGERTON, 
 
 MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL. 
 
 1813. 
 
WAVERLEY; 
 
 OK, 
 
 *TIS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 
 Under which King, Bezonian ? speak, or die ! 
 
 Henry IV. Part IL 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 EDINBURGH: 
 
 Printed by Jama Ballantyne and Co. 
 
 FOB ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH ', AND 
 
 LONGMAN, HURST, REES, OHME, AND BROWN, 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 1814. 
 
 Plate XX 
 No. 8a 
 
JWb 
 
 CJ-UUIL&S VlCXQKSi 
 
 -LCXXDOJY* 
 
 C JtA. PJ\JKM mid JHM.L. i S ffl s TjtAJVr X> 
 JHpCCCXXXVJl . 
 
 Plate XXI 
 
 No. 93 
 
JANE EYRE. 
 
 &n 8uto&fograp?jg. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 CURRER BELL. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LONDON; 
 
 SMITH, ELDER, AND CO., CORN HILL. 
 
 1847. 
 
 Plate XXII 
 
 No. 99 
 
1. OND ON 
 BRADBURY & EVANS, BOUVERIE STREET, 
 1848 
 
 Plate XXIII 
 
 No. 103 
 
Cdr Cloister an* tlje $eartl). 
 
 A TALE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHAELES EEADE, 
 
 AUTHOR OP " IT'S NEVEB TOO LATE TO MEND," " CHRISTIE JOHKSTOKE," 
 "PRO WORKINGTON," LTC 
 
 IN FOUR VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 TRtJBNER & CO., 60 PATERNOSTEB BOW. 
 
 1861. 
 
 [ Tke right 8/ Reproduction and Translation reserved.] 
 
 Plate XXIV 
 
 No. no 
 
ADAM BEDE 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE ELIOT 
 
 * AUTHOR OF 
 
 "SCENES OF CLERICAL LIFE" 
 
 " So that ye may have 
 Clear images before your gladden'd eyes 
 Of nature s unambitious underwood 
 And flowers that prosper In the shade. And when 
 I speak of such among the flock as swerved 
 Or fell, those only shall be singled out 
 Upon whose lapse, or error, something more 
 Than brotherly forgiveness may attend." 
 Wordsworth. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS 
 
 EDINBURGH AND LONDON 
 
 MDCCCLIX 
 
 Tht Right 0} Tratulation it ramed. 
 
 Plate XXV 
 
 No. 114 
 
THE ORDEAL 
 
 RICHARD FEVEREL. 
 
 % pistorg of $vA\n «no £on. 
 
 BT ' 
 
 GEORGE MEREDITH. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 VOL. 1. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193, PICCADILLY. 
 
 1859. 
 
 [The Bight of TramlaKtm it returned.] 
 
 Plate XXVI 
 
 No. n6 
 
ALICE'S 
 
 ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND. 
 
 Plate XXVII 
 
 No. 118 
 
 BY 
 
 LEWIS CARROLL. 
 
 WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN TfcNHIEL 
 
 %onDon 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 1865- 
 
 [The right of translation U reserved.] 
 
Plate XXVIII 
 No. 124 
 
 i' 
 
 WIELAND; 
 
 TRANSFORMATION. 
 
 AMERICAN TALE 
 
 From Virtue's blifsful paths away 
 The double-tongued are fure to ftray ; 
 Good is a forth-right journey ftill, 
 And mazy paths but lead to ill. 
 
 COPT-RIGHT SECURED. 
 
 NEfT-YdRX: 
 
 Printed by T. tsf J. Swords, for H. C'aritat. 
 —1798.— 
 
A HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD TO THE 
 END OF THE DUTCH DYNASTY. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 Among many Surprising and Curious Matters, the Unutterable 
 Ponderinga of Walter the Doubter, the Disastrous 
 Projects of William the Testy, and the Chivalric 
 Achievments of Peter the Headstrong, the three 
 Dutch Governors of New Amsterdam; being the only 
 Authentic History of the Times that ever hath been, or ever 
 will be Published. 
 
 BY DIEDRICH KNICKERBOCKER. 
 
 3De taarfceio Die in Duifltr fag, 
 Die ttamt met ttbarhtfB aan Dm Dag. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY INSKEEF & BRADFORD, NEW YORK ; 
 BRADFORD tSf INSKEEP, PHILADELPHIA j WM. M'lL- 
 HENNEY, BOSTON j CO ALE b* THOMAS, BALTIMORE; 
 AND MORFORD, WI1LINGTON, U* CO. CHARLESTON. 
 
 1809. 
 
 Plate XXIX 
 No. 126 
 
THE LAST 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MOHICANS; 
 
 A NARRATIVE OF 
 
 &?6?« 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR OF "THE PIONEEBS." 
 
 « Mi«Uke me not, fin ray complexion, 
 The oisdowed lively of the burnished sun." 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 , H- C. CAEEY & I. IiEA-CHESNUT-STKEEl'. 
 
 1826. 
 
 Plate XXX 
 No. 128 
 
THE 
 
 SCAELET LETTER, 
 
 A ROMANCE. 
 
 BY 
 
 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 TICKNOR, REED, AND FIELDS 
 
 Plate XXXI 
 No. 132 
 
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN; 
 
 LIFE AMONG THE LOWLY. 
 
 HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 JOHN Pi JEWETT & COMPANY. 
 
 CLEVELAND, OHIO: 
 
 JEWETT, PROCTOR & WORTHINGTON. 
 
 , 1852. 
 
 Plate XXXII 
 No. 150